Modern Russian II

Citation preview

Clayton L. Dawson / Assya Humesky in consultation with Charles E. Bidwell

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e,aop BacHjibeBHH 3a6ojieji

Preparation for Conversation: y Eepe30Ba rpAnn

Basic sentence patterns Pronunciation practice: clusters of three consonants with 3 as the initial consonant

676 678 680 681 685

687 690 691 694 695 697

STRUCTURE AND DRILLS

Verbal prefixes: part I—perfectivization by prefixation Compounds formed by means of the prefix noa- (or nojiy-) Review of two-stem first conjugation verbs Further reflexive verb drills IToBTopeHHe

Preparation for Conversation: 2faii npHKypHTb Preparation for Conversation: Te6a yromaio iviopowenbiM

Basic sentence patterns Pronunciation practice: clusters of three consonants with a as the initial consonant

698 700 702 705 707

709 712 713 715 716 718

STRUCTURE AND DRILLS

Verbal prefixes: part II—verbs of motion with the directional prefixes b-, non-, npH-, Bbi—, ot-, and yDeclension of copoK, nuTb/recnT, mecTbaecHT, ceMb^ecHT, BOceMb/iecHT, xieBHHOCTO, and cto Adjectives and adverbs formed by means of the unstressed negative prefix HeUses of the instrumental case: part I—the instrumental without a preposition Additional time expressions rioBTopeHHe

Preparation for Conversation: Ha noHTe Preparation for Conversation: MapKH HJ1H KOJIJieKHHH

Basic sentence patterns

719 722 725 726 729 732

735 737 738 740 741 IX

Pronunciation practice: clusters of four consonants with ct as the two middle conso¬ nants

744

STRUCTURE AND DRILLS

General remarks on the verbal prefixes Perfective verbs formed by means of the prefix 3aDeclension of ^Becra, TpiicTa, and neTbipecTa Perfective verbs formed by means of the prefix nepePast passive participles: part I—short forms ending in -t and -h Uses of the instrumental case: part II—the instrumental with prepositions noBTopemie

745 745 748 750 753 756 759

Preparation for Conversation: ripoBeaeM omycK b Mockbc Preparation for Conversation: B TpaMBae Basic sentence patterns Pronunciation practice: part I—initial consonant clusters with no parallel in the English sound system

761 763 765 767 768 770

STRUCTURE AND DRILLS

Perfective verbs formed by means of the prefix /joPerfective verbs formed by means of the prefix npoUses of the genitive case: part I—the genitive with prepositions Perfective verbs formed by means of the prefix pa3IToBTopeHHe

Preparation for Conversation: Ha BbicTaBKe Preparation for Conversation: B 30onapKe Basic sentence patterns Pronunciation practice: part II—initial consonant clusters with no parallel in the English sound system

771 774 777 781 783

787 790 791 793 794 796

STRUCTURE AND DRILLS

Declension of miTbcoT, luecTbcoT, ceMbcoT, BoceMbcoT, and .neBHTbcoT The reciprocal compound pronoun xipyr apyra Perfective verbs formed by means of the prefix cUses of the genitive case: part II—the genitive without prepositions noBTopemie

797 799 801 804 809

Preparation for Conversation: B hSm Tbi iiOM/jeiub Ha BenepHincy? Preparation for Conversation:

811

Hto TaKoe MemaHCTBO? Basic sentence patterns Pronunciation practice: part III—initial consonants with no parallel in the English sound system

813 814 817 819 821

STRUCTURE AND DRILLS

Past passive participles: part II—short forms ending in -eH (or -eH) Nouns, adjectives, and adverbs referring to countries, their inhabitants, and lan¬ guages Secondary imperfectives Uses of the prepositional case: prepositions b, Ha, o, and npn noBTopeHHe

822

Preparation for Conversation: Bojikob 6biJi b Cpejiieii A3hh Preparation for Conversation: B Mwpropone Tenepb KypopT Basic sentence patterns Pronunciation practice: part IV—initial consonants with no parallel in the English sound system

833 836 837 840 841

824 827 829 831

843

STRUCTURE AND DRILLS

Subordinate clauses introduced by KaK, Koraa, and hto The conjunction noKa versus noica ne Long-form past passive participles Simple superlatives ending in -eihiiHii and -afiuiHii; compound superlatives with Han6ojiee and iiamvieHee The conjunctive phrases ao toto KaK, nepea t6m KaK, and nocjie Toro KaK versus the prepositions ao, nepea, and nocjie IloBTopeHHe

844 846 849

Preparation for Conversation: riHCbMO OT 3HHbl M3 Cll6lipil Preparation for Conversation: 3HHa omicbiBacT noe3aKy b MpKyTCK Basic sentence patterns

859 862 862 865 867

851 854 856

STRUCTURE AND DRILLS

Verbal adverbs: part 1—imperfective verbal adverbs ending in -a (or -a) and -hcb (or -aeb) Collective numerals: aaoe, Tpoe, neTBepo, naTepo, uiecTepo, ceMepo Present active participles The special numbers nojrropa (m, n), noaropbi (f) one and a half and nojiTopacra one hundred and fifty FloBTopeHHe

Preparation for Conversation: IIhuih noMame Preparation for Conversation: LlHCbMO ot HJiHnna

Basic sentence patterns

869 872 874 878 880

883 885 886 889 891

STRUCTURE AND DRILLS

Verbal adverbs: part II—perfective verbal adverbs ending in -b (non-reflexive) and -BuiHCb (reflexive) The uses of ordinal numbers Verbal adverbs: part III—special perfective verbal adverbs ending in -h (or -a) Negative pronouns and adverbs: HeKoro, Henero, HeKoma and Herae, HeKyaa Past active participles rioBTopeHHe

893 896 899 901 903 906

APPENDIX

908

VOCABULARY

930

INDEX

959

Modern Russian II A Project of Syracuse University under contract with the United States Office of Education

LESSON

PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION

Ha aaponopTe Bhykobo

aaponopT

airfield, airport

BHyKOBO

Vnukovo (name of airport)

Ha aaponopTe Bhykobo

at Vnukovo airport

Bot Mti h Ha aaponopTe Bhykobo.

Well, here we are at Vnukovo airport.

Hmcojian HiiKOJiaeBim! Bot lie oacu^aji!

Nikolay Nikolaevich! I didn’t expect to see you!

jieTeTb (ii, u-d)1, jieay, jreTHHib, -At Bbi TOHce JieTHTe?

to be flying; to be on one’s way (by air) Are you flying, too? to see off

npoBoacaTb (i)

HeT, A npoBO/Ka i aceHy. yjieTeTb (pfv n) OHa TOJibKo hto yjieTejia b KfieB.

No, I was seeing my wife off. to fly away, leave (by air) She just left for Kiev, relatives (close)

poflHbie, -bix OHa TOJibKo hto yjieTejia b Khcb, k poAHbiM.

She just left for Kiev, to see her relatives.

A Bbi Kyaa?

And where are you going? Gorky (name of city)

r opbKHH

I’m flying to Gorky.

Jieny b ropbKHH. KOMaHflHpOBKa

assignment, travel order, mission

nocbmaTb (i)

to send

nOCblJiaTb B KOMaHHHpOBKy

to assign, send on business

MeHH nocbuiaioT b KOMaHflHpoBKy.

I’m being assigned there.

MeHH nocbuiaioT Ha Mecap b KOMaH^HpoBKy.

I’m being assigned there for a month.

Bot k&k!

You don’t say!

Kyfla-HH6yflb

[kudapibu(]

BcerM Bac Ky/ra-HnSynb nocbuiaioT.

somewhere, anywhere They’re always sending you somewhere.

OTnpaBJIHTbCH (i)

to depart, start out

caMOJieT

airplane, aircraft

A Kor^a Baui caMOJieT OTnpaBJineTCH?

And when does your plane depart?

i The abbreviation u-d stands for unidirectional as opposed to m-d for multidirectional in reference to simple verbs of motion.

4 B mockobckom pecTopane.

483

At 10:20.

B aecHTb ^BafluaTb.

OTnpaBHTbCH (pfv

11),

OTnpaBjiiocb,

to depart, leave, go (or start out)

OTnpaBHUibca, -htch ^OJDKeH 6b'lJI OTnpaBHTbCH

B

aeCHTb ^BaAUaTb.

It was supposed to have left at 10:20. schedule, timetable

pacnncaHHe no pacnwcanHio ^ojiaceH 6biJi OTnpaBHTbca b

According to the schedule it was supposed to have departed at 10:20.

aeciiTb nfia/inaTb.

6iop6 (indecl n)

office, bureau, desk

CnpaBOHHblH

information (adj)

B cnpaBOHHOM Siopo cica3ajiH, hto ono3AaeT.

At the information desk they said it would be late, forty

copoK

CaMOJieT ono3^aeT Ha copoK MHHyT.

The plane will be forty minutes late.

B cnpaBOHHOM fiiopo CKaaa.m, hto ono3,aaeT MH¬

At the information desk they said it would be about forty minutes late.

HyT Ha copoK.

to happen, be the case; to visit, frequent

GbiBaTb (i) 5to nacTO SbreaeT.

That often happens.

OTCTaBaTb (i) (like .zjaBaTb) nacbi,

-6b (pi only)

Moh nacbi HeMHoro oTCTaioT. ojiHHHafluaTb

[a^ln3tc9(]

to lag, be slow, be behind watch, clock My watch is a little slow, eleven

neTBepTb (f)

quarter, fourth

6e3 HeTBepTH

a quarter of, a quarter to

no mohm nacaM 6e3 HeTBepTH oflHHHaauaTb.

It’s a quarter to eleven by my watch.

noCMOTpHM: no MOHM HaCaM 6e3 HeTBepTH

Let’s see, by my watch it’s a quarter to eleven,

OAHHHaflpaTb,

HO OHH, KaHCeTCH, HeMHoro

but I think it’s a little slow.

OTCTaiOT.

CKo/ibKo

Ha BauiHx

nacax?

What does your watch say?

pOBHblH

smooth; even, equal

POBHO

even; exactly, sharp

no MOHM HaCaM pOBHO OflHHHaAUaTb.

According to my watch it is exactly eleven.

Moh nacbi cneuiaT.

My watch is fast.

no MOHM HacaM POBHO O^HHHajmaTb, HO MOH

It’s exactly eleven by my watch, but mine’s

Bcerna cneuiaT.

always fast.

BHCeTb (n)

to hang, be hanging

CTeHa (nom and acc pi: ctchbi; ace sg:

wall

CTeHy) Boh TaM Ha CTeHe bhcht nacbi. npoBepHTb (pfv n) (like BepnTb) Cefinac

nposepuM.

OKa3aTbCH (pfv i) (like Ka3aTbcn)

There’s a clock over there on the wall. to check, verify Let’s check it now. to turn out, to be, prove to be, happen to be; find oneself

Moh nacbi 0Ka3ajincb npaBHJibHbiMH.

My watch proved to be correct.

Ee3 HeTBepTH oAMHHa^uaTb. Moh OKa3ajincb

A quarter to eleven. Mine turned out to be right.

npaBHJibHbiMH.

Macca BpeMeHH TaK y Bac eme Macca BpeMeHH.

484

LESSON 19

plenty of time, lots of time So you still have plenty of time.

He xoTHTe jih

3aftTH

b 6y(f)eT?

Wouldn’t you like to stop in at the snack bar?

Hero-HH6y^b (gen of HTO-HH6yab)

something

He xoTHTe jih 3aifrH b 6y4>eT Hero-HH6yOT

Wouldn’t you like to stop in at the snack bar and

BbHIHTb?

C

have something to drink?

y^OBOJIbCTBHeM.

Fine!

no3aBTpaKaTb (pfv i), no3aBTpaKaio, -euib,

to have breakfast, have lunch

—K>T

A

He ycneji no3aBTpaicaTb.

I didn’t have time to eat breakfast,

ToponriTbca (n), Toponjnocb, ToponnuibCH

A

tot TopomijicH, hto He ycneji no3aBipaKaTb.

to rush, be in a hurry I was in such a hurry that I didn’t have time to eat breakfast.

yTpoM YTpoM

in the morning, this morning

A tot Toponnjica, hto He ycneji

I was in such a rush this morning, I didn’t have

no3aBTpaKaTb. 3aicycHTb (pfv

time to eat breakfast, 11),

3aKyuiy, 3aKycHinb,

-at

6biTb He npoHb

A

He npoHb 3aKycHTb. npH3HaTbCH

A, npH3HaTbca, h 3aKycHTb He npoHb.

to have a bite (or snack) to not mind, have no objection

1 wouldn’t mind having a bite to eat. to tell the truth, I must confess I wouldn’t mind having a bite to eat, I must confess.

A,

npH3H3TbCH, H 3aKyCHTb He npoHb. YTpoM TaK ToponHJiCH, hto He ycneji no3aBTpaKaTb.

To tell the truth, I wouldn’t mind having a bite to eat. I was in such a rush this morning I didn’t have time to eat breakfast.

I1HBO

beer

3aKycKa

light snack, bite (to eat); (pi) appetizers, hors d’oeuvres

BaKaaceM 3aKycKy h nHBa. KaKOH-HH6yab

Let’s order a snack and some beer, some, sort sort of; any

3aica>KeM KaKyio-HH6yjib 3aKycKy h nHBa.

Let’s order some sort of snack and beer.

Hy TaK cefinac 3aKaaceM KaKyjo-HH6y^b 3aKycKy

Well, now let’s order a snack of some sort and

h nHBa.

BOflKa >KaJlb,

HTO BOOTH HeT.

beer. vodka Too bad there’s no vodka.

BCTpena

encounter, meeting; welcome

npHHTHblH

pleasant, agreeable, nice

BbinbeM 3a npHHTHyio BCTpeny.

Let’s drink to a pleasant encounter,

a to

otherwise, or else; that way

BbinHJIH 6bl

could have drunk, might have drunk

>Kajib, hto booth hct, a to BbinHJiH 6bi 3a npHHTHyK) BCTpeny. KaK cjiejiyeT ^CaJib, hto booth HeT, a to BbinHJiH 6bi KaK CJie,ayeT 3a npHHTHyio BCTpeny.

Too bad there’s no vodka; that way we could have drunk to a pleasant encounter, properly Too bad there’s no vodka; that way we could have drunk a proper toast to a pleasant en¬ counter.

SUPPLEMENT

BCTpenaTb (i) Kto ero BCTpenaeT Ha aaponopTe?

to meet, encounter, greet Who’s meeting him at the airport?

lesson

19

485

to eat breakfast, eat lunch

3aBTpaKaTb (i)

A

1 usually eat breakfast (or lunch) at home,

o6biHHO 3aBTpaKaK) flOMa.

breakfast, lunch

3aBTpaK

She invited me for breakfast (or lunch),

OHa npnrjiacHJia MeHa Ha 3aBTpaK. popCTBeHHHK

relative, relation

pOflCTBeHHHUa

relative, relation (f)

ripHexaHH BCe pOpCTBeHHHKH.

All our relatives have arrived.

OHa MOB pOflCTBeHHHUa.

She’s a relative of mine,

opHHHappaTb

eleven

[aKe jieTHTe?

H. H.

2 Hct,

H. H.

3 B

H. H.

4 Bot Kax! Bcerpa Bac Kypa-Hn6ypb nocbipaioT. A Korpa Barn catnopeT OTnpaBpaeTca?

H. H.

5 ITo

9l

hto

yjieTejia

pacnHcaHHK) popaceH

6bip

popHbiM.2 A Bbi Kypa?

OTnpaBHTbca b pecaTb PBappaTb, ho b cnpaBOHHOM

cKa3apH, hto ono3paeT MHHyT Ha copoK.5

6 3to nacTO SbiBaeT. riocMOTpHM: no mohm nacaM 6e3 HeTBepra opHHHappaTb, ho OHH, Ka>KeTCfl, HeMHOTO OTCTaiOT. CKOPbKO

H. H.

b Khcb, k

ropbKHH.3 nocbiJiaioT Ha Mecap b KOMappHpoBKy.4

6topo H. H.

npoBWKaji aceHy. OHa TOJibKO

Ha

BatHHX?6

7 Pobho opHHHappaTb, ho moh Bcerpa cnemaT. Boh t&m Ha CTeHe bhcpt nacbi. Ceitnac npoBepHM.

H. H.

8 Ee3 neTBepTH opHHHappaTb. Moh OKa3apncb npaBHPbHbiMH. TaK y Bac eipe Macca BpeMeHH. He xoTtrre ph 3aHTH b 6y4>eT Hero-HH6ypb BbinHTb?

H. M.

9 C ypoBOPbCTBHeM. A, npH3HaTbca, h 3aKycHTb He nponb. Ytpom TaK ToponHPca, hto He ycnep no3aBTpaKaTb.7

H. H. 10 Hy TaK cefinac 3aKa>KeM KaKyto-HnOypb 3aKycKy h niiBa.8 TKaPb, hto bopkh hct, a to BbinHPH 6bi KaK cpepyeT 3a npHaTHyto BCTpeny.

486

lesson

19

NOTES

1 Vnukovo airport is situated near a small town of the same name, twenty-four kilometers from Moscow. Most foreign dignitaries arriving in Moscow land there. 2 Po^Hbie (literally, one’s own) is an adjectival noun that is used in the plural to refer mostly to the members of one’s immediate family; the noun poactbchhhkh refers to one’s other relatives or relations. As an adjective, poAHoti means native or one's own, for example: Mofi poAnoii H3biK — amnnicKiiit. 3 The city of TopbKHH, formerly Hhxchhh HoBropoA, is located east of Moscow on the Volga River. It was the birthplace of the famous writer, Maxim Gorky (1868— 1936) and was renamed in his honor in 1932. 4 KoMan/uipoBKa can refer to an official assignment involving travel, the trip it¬ self, or the accompanying travel orders. Without a KoiwaiiAupoBKa or some other type of travel permit, one cannot check into a hotel. 5 The use of cardinal numbers alone to tell time, as, for example, b AecHTb ab&apaTb at 10:20, is largely reserved for such official purposes as rail and air departure and arrival times, broadcasting, and other scheduled activities. 6 CKOJibKO Ha BauiHX? What does your watch say ? is short for CKOJibKO BpeivieHH Ha BauiHX nacax? In asking for the time, either KoTopbifi nac? or Ck6jh»ko BpeivieHH? may be used. Similarly, at what time may be expressed by either bo ck6ju>ko or b kotopom nacy, although the latter is more typical of older generation speakers. 7 Although 3aBTpaK is the literal word for breakfast and o6eA for dinner, there is some overlapping in the usage of these nouns as well as in the usage of the derived verbs, 33BTpaKaTb and o6eAaTb. Russians usually call their midday meal 3aBrpaK and their late afternoon meal o6eA, although some consider o6eA the midday meal. Note the expressions ao o6eAa and nocjie o6eAa before noon and afternoon. For some, breakfast is naii. 8 3aKycKa is any light snack; in the plural it refers to appetizers or hors d’oeuvres.

The verb 3aKycHTb means to have a bite of something, especially with an accompanying drink.

PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION

nero-TO (gen of hto-to) He xBaTaTb (i) nero-To He XBaTaeT KajKeTCH, nero-TO He xBaTaeT. 6yMa>KHHK ByiviasKHHK ecTb.

noA, -a; nojiw, -ob Ha nony

[napalu]

Ha CaMOJieTe something to be missing, short {or lacking); to run out of something’s missing Something seems to be missing. wallet, billfold My billfold is here. floor on the floor lesson 19

487

Ha non

onto the floor suitcase (small) The suitcase is on the floor. to put (in standing position) I put the suitcase on the floor.

[napal]

neMonaHHHK HeMO^aHMHK Ha nony. nocTaBHTb (pfv ii) (like ocTaBHTb) HeivionaHHHK a Ha non nocraBHJi.

folder, cardboard case (for carrying docu¬ ments) Ahh, the folder’s missing,

nanKa Ara, nanKH HeT.

stewardess Where’s the stewardess? What are you looking for, sir?

6opTnpoBOAHHU,a 6opTnpoBOAHHpa? Hto Bbi HipeTe, rpaaTe ocTopoacHee! KnanHTe TaKHe BeutH b nopTtjiejib Ann npaabTe b aeMonaH.2

M.H. 11 /(a a Bcerna npaay, ho ceronHa noaeMy-TO stoto He cnenan.

1 The expression Gjiaronapio Bac, which was considered overly polite and old-

NOTES

fashioned for many years after the Revolution, is now coming back into vogue. Party members and young Communists are encouraged to be polite and use this expression. 2 Notice here that the accusative case follows the preposition b when used with the verbs KJiacTb to put and npnTaTb to hide. Correspondingly, in a question, Kyna (rather than rne) is used for where: Kyna Tb'i cnpHTaa kjhoh? Where did you hide the key? 490

lesson 19

Basic sentence patterns 1. /to asponopTa Hy>KHO exaTb noHTH Mac.

It takes almost an hour to drive to the airport.

_okojio naca.

_about an hour_

_nojinaca.

_half an hour _-

_ copoK naTb

_forty-five minutes_

MHHyT.

_66jibwe naca.

_more than an hour_

_Aea naca.1

_two hours_

2. KorM OTnpaBjiHeTca Bam caMOJier?

— B AecaTb ABaAuaTb. — B oAHHHaAuaTb. — B AseHaAUaTb. — B nac. — Be3 HeTBepTH ABa.

At 10:20. At 11:00. At 12:00. At 1:00. At a quarter to two. When do you leave for the assignment?

3. Korna Bbi OTnpaBnaeTecb b KOMaHAUpOBKy? _ OHH OTnpaBAHIOTCH_?

_they leave_?

_Tbi OTnpaBJiaembca_?

_you leave_?

4. CxoAbKO BpeMeHH no BauiHM nacaM?

5.

6.

When does your plane depart?

What time is it by your watch?

— Pobho nac.

Exactly one o’clock.

— Be3 HeTBepTH ABa.

A quarter to two.

-— FlaTb nacoB.

Five o’clock.

Moh

nacbi

OTCTatoT Ha

naTb

MHHyT.

My watch is five minutes slow.

_cnemaT_

_fast.

_ HAyT npaBHAbHO.

_correct (or right).

_HAyT HenpaBHJibHO.

_wrong.

A A A A

ye3acaio Ha Mecau.

I’m leaving for a month.

TaM

I lived there for a whole month.

ueAbiH Mecau.

BbiHAy Ha naTb MHHyT.

I’ll step out for five minutes.

noAoacAaA naTb MHHyT.

I waited for five minutes.

7. Mbi nacTO 6biBaeM b KOJixo3e y poAHbix. Bbi nacTO SbmaeTe b KAy6e? 8. Hto ceroAHa Ha 3aBTpax?

We frequently visit our folks at the kolkhoz. Do you often visit the club? What’s for breakfast today?

— He 3HaK>, roBopaT hto-to BKycHoe.

I don’t know; they say it’s something tasty.

Hto 6biAo na 3aBTpaK?

What was for breakfast?

— Kaxaa-TO Kama.

Some kind of kasha.

9. KyAa nocTaBHTb Bam neMOAaH?

Where should I put your suitcase?

— KyAa-HH6yAt Ha non.

Anywhere on the floor.

TAe Mbi no3aBTpaKaeM?

Where shall we eat breakfast?

— TAe-HH6yAb b pecTopaHe.

In a restaurant somewhere.

Kto h4m noKaaceT Aopory?

Who’s going to show us the way?

— KTO-HH6yAb H3 3toto cejia.

Someone from this village.

1 Note that the genitive singular of Mac has two possible stresses. After two, three, and four, the stress is on the ending. aBa (Tpn, HeTb'ipe) naca; otherwise, it is on the stem: okojio Maca about an hour, about one o'clock, MeHbiue naca less than an hour. LESSON

19

491

10. Kto ko mh6 npHxo/ffiji?

Who came to see me?

— Kto-to H3 Giopo.

Somebody from the office.

r^e OH 5KHJI?

Where did he live?

— Tfle-TO 3a ropoflOM.

Somewhere out of town.

Cjih npa^eT?

Is Olya coming?

— HeT, OHa noaeMy-TO He xoaeT.

No, she doesn’t want to for some reason.

3aaeM oh 6epeT aeMOflaH?

What is he taking the suitcase for?

— 3HaaHT oh eMy 3aaeM-TO HyaceH.

It means he needs it for some purpose or other.

11. He npaab ot MeHH HHaero. —

A

He npaay.

CnpaabTe 3TO Kyaa-Hn6ynb.

A

—

cenaac cnpaay.

Don’t hide anything from me. I’m not. Hide this somewhere or other. I’ll hide it right away.

Kyua Tbi Bcer^a npaaeuib BO^Ky?

Where do you always hide the vodka?

— 11 ee He npaay, OHa Bcer^a ctoht b

I don’t hide it; it’s always in the sideboard.

6y(})eTe. 12. Kyaa Hcae3 HHKOJiafi?

Where did Nikolay disappear to?

— 6h jiokht, y Hero 6ojiht roaoBa.

He’s lying down; he has a headache.

Kyaa Hcae3Jia BoaKa?

Where did the vodka disappear to?

— Ee KTO-TO Bb'mHJI.

Somebody drank it.

Kyaa Hcae3JiH Baum 6paTba?

Where did your brothers disappear to?

— Ohh nouiJtH 3a nHBOM h 3aKycxaMH.

They’ve gone to get beer and snacks.

13. Bbi He 3aKycHTe c hsmh? — Enaro^apib Bac, a Toponjiiocb Ha

Won’t you have a bite with us? Thanks, [but] I’m hurrying to catch a plane.

caMOJieT. —

A

3aKymy r^e-HnSyab no ^opore.

14. CoBeTyio BaM y3HaTb pacnncaHHe b cnpaBoaHOM Sropo.

— TaM bhcht o6i>aBaeHHe, hto Giopo 3aKpbITO.

I’ll have a bite somewhere along the way. I advise you to find out the schedule at the in¬ formation desk. There’s a notice posted there [saying] that the office is closed.

15. Y MeHH hhkotM He xBaTaao BpeMeHH. Ecjih y Bac He 6y^;eT xBaTaTb aeHer,

I never had enough time. If you don’t have enough money, come to me.

oSpamaiiTecb ko MHe. 16. 06a3aTejibHo npoBepb y Hero aoKyMeHTbi. — KoHeaHO, npoBepro.

I’ll check them, of course.

Bbi npoBepnjiH ero 6araa(?

Did you inspect his baggage?

— HeT, cenaac npoBepHM.

No, we’ll do it right away.

17. 3aBTpaK OKa3ajica oaeHb BKycHbiM. OKa3ajiocb, aTO caMOJieT yace yaeTeji. 18. Bbi o HeM He 6ecnoKOHTecb! —

A

He GecnoKoiocb.

Breakfast proved to be very good. It turned out the plane had already left. Don’t you worry about him! 1 don’t.

Bbi o hhx He 6ecnoKOHTecb!

Don’t you worry about them!

— Mbi He GecnoKOHMca.

We don’t.

19. Oh cnpaTaji hto-to b KapMaH. OHa cnpaTajia_b cyMoaKy. 20. y MeHa yKpajiH 6yMaa c^ejiaio.

J\k,

Kyna Tbi noHAeuib?

Ohh rae-HH6ynb ycTpoHJincb?

He 6ecnoKOHcn, Ky^a-HHdyjjb noftfly.

J\&,

KaK Tbi RocTaHeiub pa3peineHHe?

Ohh Kyaa-HH6y/ib ToponaTca?

Tfle Tbi no3aBTpaKaeiub?

Ohh KorM-Hn6yab TaM dbiJiH?

KoTfla Tbi KOHHHLUb?

Ohh KaK-HHdyqb .aoroBopHJiHCb?

Kyaa Tbi o6paTHiubcn?

Ohh Kyna-wndyiib jictht?

KaK Tbi noe^euib?

Ohh HeM-HH6yqb HeflOBOJibHbi?

Ky^a-TO ompaBJiHioTCH.

rjje-TO ycTpoHJincb.

■ PATTERNED RESPONSE DRILLS

1. He can take anybody's pen.

2. My brother went to Moscow.

He's already taken somebody's.

I'll go somewhere or other, too.

Ch MO>KeT B3iiTb Hbio-HH6yflb pyHKy.

EpaT noexaji b MocKBy.

Oh

H Toace Kyaa-HH6yab noeay.

Hbio-TO

yace

B3HJI.

Oh Mo>KeT nwcaTb KaKHM-HH6yiib

EpaT Hanncaji HHTepecHbin

onepK.

H Toace naimuiy KaKOH-HHdyab onepK.

KapaH^auioM. Oh yace KaKHM-TO nHiueT.

EpaT BCTpeTHji HHTepecHyio aeByiiiKy.

Oh MO>KeT .nocTaTb me-HH6yn.b 6yMarH.

EpaT ycTpoHJica Ha MacoKOMdHHaT.

Oh

MoaceT y3HaTb KaK-HHdyiib pacnncaHue.

EpaT n03HaK0MHJIC5I C KpaCHBOH fleByiHKOH.

Oh

M05KCT yCTpOHTbCH KaK-HH6yRb Ha

EpaT KynHJi HHTepecHbie njiacTHHKH.

EpaT

padoTy. Oh MoaceT npHHecTH Hbe-HHdyqb

EpaT dyneT padoTaTb Ha craHUHH. EpaT

3aaBJieHHe.

KynHJi nepHoe nHBO. dyqeT neTb HapoziHbie necHH.

Oh MoaKaRH

uom

3a o3epoM.

noR

aTRacoM.

O3ep0 3a HaniHM aOMOM.

ATJiac ^eacaji noa TeTpaaHMH.

,D,Bepb 3a mKa(j)OM.

KaMeHb Reacaa noa RucTbaMH.

KapTHHa 3a nanKOu.

Kopo6Ka jie>KaRa noR CROBapeM.

TejiecJjOH 3a noRKaMU.

nanKa Re)KaRa noR nopT(|)ejieM.

Mara3UH

3a TeaTpoM.

BuReT Re>KaR noR KapTou.

Cejio 3a jrecoM. Jla6opaT6pHB Kuock 3a

3a

Hojk Re>KaR noR SyMaraMU.

6u6jmoTeKou.

rocTHHuueu.

CaR(J)eTKH Re>KaRH noR nanKOu. nHCbMO ReRCaRO nOR KapTUHOH.

,II,epeBbfl 3a 3aaHueM.

DISCUSSION

Both 3a behind, beyond and noa under are used with the accusative in answer to Kyaa, that is, where a change in position is involved: Kyaa ynaR ho>k?

Where did the knife fall?

_Hojk ynaR 3a 6ycf)eT.

The knife fell behind the sideboard.

_Ho>K ynaR noR 6ycj)eT.

The knife fell under the sideboard.

When no change in position is involved, that is, in answer to the question rae, the instrumental accompanies 3a and noa: lesson 19

499

Where was the knife?

Tae 6b'ui hoik?

— Ho*

6biJi

3a

The knife was behind the sideboard.

6y(})eTOM.

The knife was under the sideboard.

— Hoik 6biJi non 6y(})eTOM.

The same contrast is observed in certain stereotyped expressions using 3a: Sit down at the table.

Compare

CaauTecb

with

Mbi

Compare

JI nocTaBHJi Mainimy 3a yroji. (acc)

I parked the car around the corner.

with

MaiuHHa

The car is parked around the corner.

Compare

FIoeneM 3a ropon. (acc)

Let’s drive out of town.

Mbi 6bijiu 3a roponoivi. (instr)

We were out of town.

with

(acc)

3a ctoji.

cnnejiH

3a

ctojiom.

We were sitting at the table.

(instr)

3a ymoiw. (instr)

ctoht

Note that the stress sometimes shifts from the noun to the preposition: 3a ropon [zagsrat], 3a roponoiw [zagaradam], 3a yroa [zaugal].

Closed-stem verbs: verbs with infinitives ending in and

-3th,

-CTb, -cth, -3Tb,

-Hb

Verbs whose basic stem ends in a consonant and which do not contain a linking vowel before the infinitive suffix are called “closed-stem” verbs. These are verbs with infinitives ending in

-CTb, -cth,

and -Hb. All belong to the first conjugation and are regular in the present and the future, but

-3Tb, —3th,

show certain special features in their past tense and infinitive. They belong to three main groups: 1. Verbs which lose the a of the stem throughout the past tense and replace it with c in the infinitive: INFINITIVE

PAST

PRESENT-FUTURE

IMPERATIVE

-o, -h

Kjiany, KJiauemb

Kjia^u! Kjia^HTe!

-a, -o, —h

xpaay, Kpaueuib

Kpaafi! KpaziHTe!

yxpany, ynpaaeuib

yicpauu! yKpaziHTe!

ynauy, ynaaeuib

ynaan! ynaufiTe!

npona^y, nponaueuib

nponauu! nponaauTe!

KJiacTb

(ipfv)

KJiajr, -a,

KpacTb

(ipfv)

xpaji,

yicpacTb ynacTb

(pfv)

yicpaji,

(pfv)

nponacTb

ynaji,

(pfv)

-a, -o, -h

-a, -o, -h -a, -o, -h

nponajr,

2. Verbs which lose the

ji

in the masculine past tense form. Note particularly pacTH, which is

spelled with the stem vowel o in the past tense and a in all other forms: INFINITIVE

PAST

PRESENT-FUTURE

IMPERATIVE

pacTH (ipfv)

poc, poena, -JIO, — JTH

pacTy, pacTemb

pacTH! pacTHTe!

npuHecTH (pfv)

npuHec, npnHecjia, -jio,

npHHecy, npHHeceuib

npHHecfi! npHHecHTe!

-JIM Be3TH (ipfv)

Be3, Be3Jia, -jto, jih

Be3y, Be3emb

Be3H! Be3HTe!

nOBe3TH (pfv)

noBe3, noBe3na, -jio, -jih

noBe3y, noBe3euib

noBe3n! noBe3HTe!

nOJI3TH (ipfv)

noji3, noji3Jia, -jio,

noji3y, noji3euib

noji3H! non3HTe!

-jih

3. Verbs which lose the INFINITIVE nenb

(ipfv)

Hcnenb

(pfv)

ji

in the masculine past tense form, and have infinitives ending in

-Mb:

PAST

PRESENT-FUTURE

IMPERATIVE

nex, neKJia, neKjifi

neKy, neaeuib, nexyT

neKu! neKHTe!

Hcnex, HcneKJia, HcneKJiH

Hcnexy, Hcneneuib,

HcneKH! HcneKHTe!

HcneKyT noMOMb

(pfv)

noMor,

noMorjta,

nOMOTJIH

500

lesson

19

noMory, noMO*eu]b, noMoryT

noMoru! noMorfiTe!

MODELS

He KjiaflH Tyaa py6auieK!

Don’t put the shirts there!

Oh4 hx KJiaaeT cio^a b uiKa(|).

She puts them here in the cupboard.

Oh& KJiajia py6auiKH b nncacf).

She was putting the shirts in the cupboard.

6h Kuan pySauiKH Ha

OHa He xoneT

cTyn.

hx KJiacTb Tyna.

Kto Bac noBe3eT Ha a3ponopT?

She doesn’t want to put them there. Who’ll take you to the airport?

noBe3Jia_

She took us_

Hac noBe3 _

He took us_

nOBe3TH_

I have to take them_

Oh4 6h

Hac

He was putting the shirts on a chair.

A

AOJDKeH HX

A

npHHecy BaM CTaxaH MOJioKa.

I’ll bring you a glass of milk.

npHHecHTe MHe_

Bring me_

OHa MHe npHHecjia_

She brought me_

MHe npHHec_

He brought me_

6h

BaM npHHecTH craicaH MOJioica?

Can I bring you a glass of milk?

HcneKHTe nnpor c rpnbaMH.

Bake a mushroom pirog.

A Hcnexy _

I’ll bake_

HcneKjia_

She baked_

Hcnex _

He baked_

A cobnpaiocb Hcnenb_

I plan to bake_

Oh4 6h

■ REPETITION DRILL

Repeat the given models, noting that verbs which pattern like past tense suffix retain the

ji

ji

noBe3TH, npHHecTH,

in the masculine form only, whereas verbs which pattern like

and

Hcnenb

KJiacTb

lose the

and

KpacTb

in all past forms, but lose their final stem consonant, a, in all these forms.

■ TRANSFORMATION DRILLS

1. He's putting the money in his pocket.

2. We'll take all the luggage.

He was putting the money in his pocket.

We took all the luggage.

6h KJiaaeT xieHbrH b KapMaH.

Mbi noBe3eM Becb 6ara»c.

Oh Kjiaji aeHbTH b KapxiaH.

Mbi

(mm, HHHa, ohh, cecTpa, Bbi, 6paT, Bajm)

noBe3JiH Becb

6ara*.

(cblH, JKeHa, nnpeKTOp, HOCHJIbmHKH, ceMba, cocenn, HH^ceHep, 6a6yniKa)

3. The tree is growing fast. The tree was growing fast. /I,epeBo pacTCT bbicrpo.

^epeBO pocjio ObicTpo. (pebeHOK,

aeth, chh, flonb, jepeBba,

rpH6, TpaBa, ropoti) ■ STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILL

Bake a pirog!

yKpaan KycoK nnpora!

It's necessary to bake a pirog.

noMorfi eMy!

HcneKH nHpor!

npHHeCH HM BO^Kh!

Ha^o Hcnenb impor.

noBe3H ee b

Be3H neMojtaHbi!

Knaafi aeTeii cnaTb!

Haao Be3TH HeMoaaHbi.

noji3H no 3eMjie!

ropo^!

LESSON 19

501

■ QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS

2. Did she want to bring something?

1. Who stole the pirogs? I don't know who could have stolen them. Kto

R

nnporH?

He 3Haio, kto hx mot ynpacTb.

Kto

R

yKpaji

Mor

npHHecTH.

J\a, ho He npHHecjia.

Hcnenb?

a, ho He HcneKJia.

(Be3, xpaji, Hcnex, noBe3, nex, yxpaji,

(yxpacTb, nenb, Ty^a K.aacTb, npHHecTH,

npHHec)

Hcnenb)

3. What did you have in the luggage compart¬ I was hauling materials in it. Hto y Te6a

4. Did you put the napkins on the table? I'm just putting them on.

ment?

R

hto-to npHHecTH?

Oh4 xoTejia hto-to

npHHec nnporH?

He 3HaiO, KTO HX

Yes, but she didn't. Oh4 xoTena

6b'uio

b 6ara)XHHxe?

Mto y Hee 6buio b 6ara>xHHxe? OHa TaM Be3Jia MaTepHaJibi.

nojio>KHJT Ha ctoji cajiijieTKH?

R KaK pa3 KJiaay. Bb'i

TaM Be3 MaTepnajibi.

(y hhx, y Hee, y Bac, y

Tbi

nojroacHJiH Ha ctoji cajr^eTKH?

Mbi KaK pa3 KJia^eM. (oh,

Tbi, OHH,

Bbl,

MaTb, Tbi, OH,

Bbl)

Hero,

y HH^eHepa, y CTyneHTOB)

DISCUSSION

Verbs with infinitives ending in -Hb and those ending in -Tb or -th directly preceded by a conson¬ ant are called “closed-stem” verbs. They all belong to the first conjugation and are completely regular in the present-future and imperative. In the formation of the past tense and the infinitive, however, they show a more complicated patterning than the majority of Russian verbs. 1. Verbs like nenb and MOHb lose the k or r of their present-future stem in the infinitive and, in¬ stead of-Tb, they take -Mb. In the past tense they lose the suffix

ji

in the masculine form. Compare neK

with neKJia, and mot with Morjia. 2. Verbs like npHHecTH and noBe3TH also lose the suffix ji in the masculine past tense form. Compare npHHec with npHHecjia.

3. Verbs like KJiacTb and ynacTb replace the p of the present-future stem with c in the infinitive. They lose the a altogether in the past tense, but retain the ji in all forms of the past: ynaji, ynajia, ynajio, ynajiH.

Telling time on the hour and at a quarter to the hour1 MODELS KOTOpblH

nac?

What time is it?

— Y>xe nac.

It’s already one.

_/iBa naca.

_two o’clock.

_ TpH_

_ three _

_neTbipe

_four_

- naTb nacoB.

_five_

1 Telling time in Russian with minutes is rather complicated and will be treated in more detail in a later lesson. In this section only time on the hour and a quarter to the hour will be practiced.

502

LESSON

19

CKOJibKO BpeMeHH?

What time is it?

— Ee3 neTBepTH neTbipe.

A quarter to four.

ABeHa^uaTb. Bo CKOJibKO bh ye3)KaeTe?

What time are you leaving?

— B nac.

At one.

— B Asa naca.

At two o’clock.

— B neTbipe_

At four

— B mecTb nacoB.

At six

B kotopom nacy Bbi yeAeTe?

At what time will you leave?

— B Asa naca.

At two o’clock.

— Be3 neTBepTH ABa.

At a quarter to two.

— B naTb nacoB.

At five o’clock.

— Be3 neTBepTH miTb.

At a quarter to five.

— B AeBHTb nacoB.

At nine o’clock.

— Ee3 neTBepTH AeBHTb.

At a quarter to nine.

■ REPETITION DRILL

Repeat the given models, noting that (as in English) the word for hours (o'clock) can usually be omitted in Russian.

■ CUED QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS

1. {one)

What time is it by your watch?

2.

{eight)

According to my watch it's a quarter to

At eight sharp.

one. (nac)

(BOCeMb)

B kotopom

CKOAbKO BpeMeHH nO BaiUHM

nacy Hanano

4>HjibMa?

nacaM?

POBHO B BOCeMb.

no mohm nacaM 6e3 neTBepTH nac. (ABa)

What time does the movie begin?

(AeBHTb)

B kotopom

CKOJibKO BpeMeHH no BaLLIHM

nacy Hanano

(|)HjibMa?

POBHO B AeBHTb.

nacaM?

no mohm nacaM 6e3 neTBepTH aba.

(AeCflTb, OAHHHaAAaTb, ABeHaAAaTb,

(TpH, neTbipe, nHTb, inecTb, ceMb,

nac, Asa,

TPH)

BOCeMb)

■ QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS

1. What time could it be? Six? No, it's already seven.

2.

What time does the plane leave—at two? No, at a quarter to two.

KoTopbiii Mo^eT 6biTb nac? IIIecTb?

Bo

HeT, y*e ceMb nacoB.

HeT, 6e3

KoTopbiii Mo^ceT 6biTb nac? CeMb?

Bo

HeT, y>Ke BoceMb nacoB. (AeBHTb, AeCHTb, OAHHHaAUaTb, ABeHaAuaTb, nac, ABa, Tpn, neTbipe, n»Tb)

CKOJibKO oTnpaBjineTCH caMOJieT, b ABa? neTBepTH

A«a.

CKOJibKO OTnpaBJineTCH caMOJieT, b

neTbipe?

HeT, 6e3 neTBepTH neTbipe. (nac, ABeHaAuaTb, ceMb, Tpn, nuTb)

LESSON 19

503

■ RESPONSE DRILLS

2. It's already two o'clock, it seems.

1. My watch says twelve sharp. Mine says a quarter to twelve.

No, it's still only a quarter to two.

Ha mohx nacax pobho ^BeHajmaTb.

y>Ke, Ka>KeTCH, HBa naca!

A Ha mohx 6e3 neTBepTH .UBeHaauaTb.

HeT, eme

Ha mohx nacax pobho Tpn.

y^ce, KaJKeTca,

A Ha mohx 6es neTBepTH ipii.

HeT, eme

(mecTb, BoceMb, ^BeHa^uaTb,

TOJibKO

6e3

Tpn

TOJibKO

neTBepTH

jxpk.

naca!

6e3

neTBepTH Tpn.

(neTbipe, nHTb, inecTb, ceMb, BoceMb)

oj3HHHaAUaTb, AeBHTb, ^Ba)

DISCUSSION In telling time informally one may omit the genitive forms naca and nacos, just as in informal English the word o'clock may be omitted: b

nBa [naca],

b

n«Tb [nacoB],

b

neTbipe [naca] b

ceMb [nacoB]

at two [o’clock], at four [o’clock] at five [o’clock], at seven [o’clock]

Since nac alone is used for one o'clock, obviously it cannot be omitted there. In 6e3 neTBepTH con¬ structions, naca and nacoB are not used. Note that in constructions using 6e3, the preposition b is not used for at. Thus 6e3 neTBepTH nHTb can mean both a quarter to five and at a quarter to five depending upon the context. Compare

y»ce 6e3

neTBepTH nHTb.

A npHay 6e3 with

yace

neTBepTH nHTb.

nHTb nacoB.

A npupy b nHTb nacoB.

It’s a quarter to five already. I’ll come at a quarter to five. It’s already five o'clock. I’ll come at five o'clock.

Note the following expressions for indicating the accuracy of a watch or clock: Hacb'i Ha cTeHe apyT npaBHJibHO.

The clock on the wall is right.

_cneuiaT.

_fast.

_cnemaT Ha UBe MHHyTbi.

_two minutes fast.

_OTCTaiOT.

_slow.

_OTCTaiOT Ha nHTb MHHyT.

_five minutes slow.

nOBTOPEHME Koma caMOjieT 6bui ywe b B03flyxe, Mb^h MBaHOBHH peuitui npoBepHTb cboh Beiu,H. 3to, KOHeHHO, HeMHoro no3/tHO, ho Jiynine no3flHO, neM HHKoma. Ka3ajiocb, hto Bee Ha MecTe — 6yMa>KHHK, HeMO/taHHHK. Ho y MBaHa MBaHOBHna Bce-TaKH 6buio nyBCTBO, hto nero-TO He xBaTaeT. Tax h oKa3ajiocb: He 6buio nanKH c BawHbiMH GyMaraMH. MBaH MBaHOBHH Hanaji 6ecnoKonTbCH. B 3to BpeMH npHimia 6opTnpoBon,Hnna, h ohh HanajiH bMecTe HcicaTb nanKy. HBaH MBaHOBHH nouiyTHji, hto nanicy, BepoaTHO, yKpajin mnnoHbi. Ho, kohchho, hhkto ee h He AyMaji KpacTb: oHa OKa3ajiacb Ha nony, 3a ero cnneHbeM. 504

lesson 19

— 3aHAeM b CTOJiOByio, 3aKycHM. — TaK, 3HanHT, Bhtb, Ha npaKTHKy eaemb, b kojixo3? —

RL Mto ace AeaaTb, ecan nocbiaaioT? Bot ach3hb!

— A pa3Be naoxaa? TaM CBeacHH B03Ayx, npHaraaa pa6oTa... — J\a, Tbi bot myTHLUb, a MHe cobc6m HeBecejio. B roaoBe TaKHe aepHbie mmcah, npoCTO ACHTb He XOaeTCA. — Hy, HHaero. 3to Beab TOjibKO Ha ab& roaa. — /Ja, aea roaa — 3to aoato. MHoroe MoaceT cayaHTbca. Kata, HaBepHO, 3aMyac bwhAeT.

— Hy hot, tboa KaTa He Taxaa. OHa 6yaeT Te6a acAaTb. noMHHHib cthxh «)Kah MeHa, h a BepHycb»? — TyT He cthxh, a caMa acH3Hb. — Hy bot, Tbi onaTb o ach3hh roBopHuib. 3to yace CTaHOBHTca CKyaHbiM. — Hy, xopomo. Tbi ace noHHMaeuib, b aeM Aeao.

— J\a, KOHeaHO. 3Haeuib, ato? /JasaH noiiAeM, BbinbeM. Koraa y Te6a aepHbie mmcah, BOAKa — AyaiHHH Bpaa. — Tbi npaB. noHAeM.

— KupHAA, noaeMy Tbi Tax paHO BepHyaca c pa6oTbi? Cefiaac ToabKo 6e3 aeTBepTH naTb. MTO-HH6yAb cayaHaocb? — HeT, h6t, Bee b nopaAKe. npocTO HeMHoro 6oaht roaoBa.

— «HeMHoro»? Y Te6a Taxoii naoxoii bha. A Te6e He Bepio. 3to, HaBepHO, AT0-HH6yAb cepbe3Hoe. no3BOHHTb Bpaay? — Hct, noacaayHCTa, He 6ecnoKOHca. —

Ax,

A

hcmhoto noaeacy, h Bee 6yaeT xopomo.

KaKoii Tbi HeB03Moae 6y^eM jioBHTb?

Where shall we fish?

moct, -a; B03Jie

Bo3Jie

bridge

-6b

-hi,

by, beside, next to, near

(plus gen)

Beside the bridge.

MOCTa.

At the old place, beside the bridge.

Ha crapoM MecTe, B03jie MOCTa. nofiMaTb (pfv of jioBHTb), noHMaio, -enib

to catch

niTyKa

item, piece, thing; trick

HeCKOJIbKO IlITyK

several Boris caught several there.

TaM Eopric HecKOjibKO unryK noHMaji.

the other day; one of these days

Ha flHBX

TaM Eopnc Ha jihhx HecKOjibKO uiTyic noHMaji.

Boris caught several there the other day. to envy, be jealous of

3aBH^OBaTb (i) (plus dat) 3aBH^yio eMy — Ka/Kzrbiii aeHb mojkct pw6y

I envy him—he can go fishing every day.

JIOBHTb.

he’s lucky

eMy Be3eT

He has all the luck or He’s lucky all the way

H Boodme eMy Be3eT.

around. summer place, summer cottage

flana

They have their own summer cottage,

Y hhx CBoa Aana. noflica Y

HHX CBOB

boat They have their own boat,

JIOflKa.

both . . . and . . .

H... H...

They have both their own summer cottage and a

H a ana y hhx cbojj, h JioaKa.

boat. H BOoGme eMy Be3eT — h ^ana y hhx cboh, h jioaKa. H3BecTHbiH

own summer cottage and a boat. [izyesnij]

well-known, noted, famous

y Hero Be,ab otch — H3BecTHbiH yneHbiH.

After all, his father is a well-known scientist, understandable, clear

nOHflTHblH

3to noHHTHO, y Hero Be^b oTeu — H3BecTHbiH

That’s understandable; after all, his father is a well-known scientist.

yneHbiH.

H to npaB^a.

JXaBaii npnrjiacHM

He’s just generally lucky. They have both their

That’s true, too. Bopio c co6oii.

Let’s invite Borya to come along,

noKaTaTbca (pfv i), noKaTaiocb,

to go for a ride

noKaTaeuibca Ha ero Jio^Ke cmohccm noKaTaTbca.

We can go for a ride in his boat,

noecTb (pfv) (like ecTb)

to eat

H B03bMeM Hero-HH6yflb noecTb.

And let’s take something or other to eat.

o6a3aTejibHO

for sure, without fail

H o6H3aTeJibHO B03bMeM Hero-HH6y^b noecTb.

And let’s be sure and take something or other to eat.

yMepeTb (pfv i) (past yMep, -jio,

-jih;

yMepjia; fut yMpy, yMpeujb, yMpyT) 508

lesson 20

to die

rojiofl

hunger, famine

yMepeTb c rorrony

to die of hunger, starve to death

Mbi He yjvrpeM c rojioay.

We won’t starve to death (or die of hunger).

ecjia pi>ioi>i He noHMaeM, to He yivipeM c rojioay.

Then, even if we don’t catch any fish, we won’t die of hunger.

IIpaBHJlbHO.

That’s right.

KapToiHKa

potatoes

-H B03bMy KapTOHJKH.

I’ll bring some potatoes,

Geper (pi Gepera)

bank, shore, coast

Ha Gepery

on the bank, on the shore, on the coast

H B03bMy KapTouiKH, Gy,zjeM neHb Ha Gepery.

I’ll bring some potatoes; we’ll bake them on the bank.

A a xjieGa, naio h caxapy.

And I’ll bring some bread, tea, and sugar,

COJlb (f) Hy

H

salt

COJJH, KOHeHHO.

And some salt, too, of course.

SUPPLEMENT

H^eT (men) a6>KHb

it is (it was) raining

Cero^Ha hhct floacab.

It’s raining today.

Bnepa men Aoncnb.

It rained yesterday,

CHer (pi -a)

snow

HaeT (men) CHer

it is (it was) snowing

Bnepa Becb neHb men CHer.

It snowed all day yesterday,

ecTb (irreg) (past en, ena, eno, exm;

to eat

pres eM, emb, ecT, ea,HM, eaHTe, ennT; imper emb! euibTe!) Bbi enHTe rpH6b'i?

Do you eat mushrooms?

— HeT, a He eM rpnGoB.

No, I don’t eat mushrooms.

cbecTb (pfv) (like ecTb)

to eat up, finish eating

OHa cbena Becb cyn.

She ate up all the soup.

Tyr ocTanocb HeMHoro nnpora.

There’s some pirog left.

CbembTe ero, noxanyHCTa.

Finish [eating] it, please.

Iloe^eM jioBHTb pbi6y B. — Bhth

T. — ToJia

B.

1 Tojih, BCTaBaii! Y Hac ceroaHH Bbixo^HOH — noe/teM Ha peKy pfiiGy JioBHTb?1 2

T.

2 KoHeHHo. TojibKO Tbi

B.

3 BfDKy, ho no panno nepenaBajiH, hto GyaeT cojiHue. npaBaa, 3thm npe/tCKa3aHHHM

He

GofinibCH, hto GyneT aonc/tb? BfinMinb, Raxhe Ha HeGe TyHH.

Tpy^HO BepHTb. T.

4 Bee

B.

5 Ha CTapoM MecTe, B03Jie mocto. TaM Bopfic Ha anax HecKOJtbKo urryK noMMan.

paBHo

noeaeM,

b

ropo/te npaMo HeneM abimaTb. rae GyaeM

JioBHTb?

lesson 20

509

T.

6 3aBH^yio

B.

7 H BOo6me eMy Be3eT — h ^ana y hhx cbob, h jio^Ka.3

T.

8 3to noHBTHO, y Hero Be^b ot6h — H3BecTHbiH yneHbiH.

B.

9 H to

eMy — Kaxmbiii neHb MO>KeT

npaB,aa.

pbi6y

jiOBHTb.

/JaBafi npHruacHM Eopto c co6oh. Ha ero jionKe cMOXteM noxaTaTbCH.4

T. 10 Xoporno. H o6a3aTejibHO B03bMeM uero-HHGynb noecTb. ,H,a>Ke ecjiH pfiiGbi He noHMaeM, to He yMpeM c rojioAy.

B. 11

npaBHJibHO.

A

B03bMy KapToniKH, 6y,aeM nenb Ha

Gepery.5

T. 12 A a xjieGa, nato h caxapy.6 Hy h cojih, kohchho.

notes

1 BbixoHHoii (full form Bbixo^Hofi ^eub) day off is used by many speakers instead of the word BocKpeceHbe, since Sunday is the usual day off. A six-day work week is typical for workers and students in the Soviet Union. 2 Note the shift of stress from noun to preposition in the phrase Ha peny. When stressed, the accusative singular of pena is peicy, with a shift of stress from the ending in all other forms of the singular to the stem in the accusative singular. A number of other aceHa-nouns follow the same pattern of stress shift: pyna (accusative pyny), Hora (Hory), Boaa (Boay), 3HMa (3HMy), CTeHa (creHy), cpena (cpeay), rojiOBa (rojiOBy), nopa (nopy), ayuia (ayuiy), and 3eMJia (3eMJiH>). 3 A aana is a place in the country, usually rented; often it is simply a room in a peasant cottage. One must be very successful to have his own aana, as is the case with Borya’s father. 4 The verb KaTaTbca (perfective noKaTaTbca) is like e3^HTb and exaTb in that it describes going by some means other than walking, for example, KaTaTbca Ha JioflKe to go boating, and KaTaTbca Ha MauiHHe to go driving. It differs from e3HHTb (exaTb), however, in that it describes going purely for the fun of it, with no particular destination. It is mostly used in prepositional constructions or with i\ae, whereas e3^HTb (exaTb) is generally used with Ky^a and the accusative. Compare

with

— Ha 03epe.

Where did you go boating? On the lake.

Kyaa Bbi eaeTe? — Ha 03epo.

Where are you going? To the lake.

Uae

Bbi

KaTaJincb Ha JioflKe?

Thus KaTaTbca (noKaTaTbca) corresponds to the “on foot” verb, ryjiaTb (norywhich describes walking for pleasure (strolling) and is also used with rae and the prepositional. jiaTb),

5 When Russians go fishing they often bring along potatoes to bake in an open fire on the bank. KapTOuiKa may refer to a single potato or to more than one, depend¬ ing upon the context. Note also the masculine noun KapTo^ejib, which has the same meaning but is used less often in colloquial Russian. 6 The forms naio and caxapy are alternate genitive singular forms, commonly used in spoken Russian instead of the regular genitive singular forms, naa and caxapa, when a part of a larger amount is indicated, that is, some tea, some sugar. 510

LESSON 20

PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION

IlocnopHM!

nocnopHTb (pfv n;

heat

>Kapa

Hy

Boy, it’s hot!

h Aapa! BbiKynaTbca (pfv i), Bb'ncyriaiocb, -euibca

to bathe, take a bath; go for a dip (or swim) it’d be nice

xopouio 6bi

Xopouio 6bi

to argue, dispute; to bet, wager Let’s make a bet!

IlocnopHM!

BbiKynaTbcn!

IIofloacAH, nocHflHM eme HeMHoro.

It’d be nice to go for a dip! Wait a while, let’s sit [and fish] a little longer,

nycTOH

empty

CTblflHO

ashamed, it’s a shame

CTblflHO HATH Ha3aA C nyCTbIMH pyxaMH.

It’d be a shame to go back empty-handed.

IIoAoacAH, nocHAHM eme HeMHoro, a to ctmaho

Wait a while, let’s fish a little longer; after all,

HATH H333A C nyCTbIMH pyKaMM. KaK c nycTbiMH? Y Te6a boh Tpn pi.idbi.

it’d be a shame to go back empty-handed. What do you mean, empty-handed? You have three fish over there. in all, altogether, only, a total of

Bcero 3to h Bcero OAHy pbi6y nofiMaji.

to bathe, swim

KynaTbca (i) Pe6aTa, noHAeM KynaTbca! XBaTHTb

I’m the one who’s only caught one fish.

Let’s go swimming, fellows! to have enough; to last

(pfv II)

Pe6aTa, xbbtht yace, noiiAeM KynaTbca.

I’ve already had it, fellows; let’s go swimming.

Hy, JiaAHO.

Well, O.K.

npbiraTb (i), npbiraio, -gmb EyAeM npbiraTb c MOCTa.

Let’s jump from the bridge, to know how, be able

yMeTb (i)

A

to jump, leap

eme He oneHb xopomo yMeio.

I’m still not very good at it or I don’t know how to do it very well yet. to teach; to study

yHHTb (n)

A

eme He oneHb xopouio yMeio, xoth th mchh h

I’m still not very good at it, even though you did teach me.

yHHJi.

Why, it’s simple.

a 3TO *e npocTO. Cmotph: bot TaK.

Look, like this.

PedflTa, npbiraftTe, boas Tenjiaa.

Jump in, fellows, the water’s warm,

yMHpaTb (i), yMHpam, -euib

to die

3x, oahh pa3 yMHpaTb!

Oh well, you only die once.

MojiOAep, Eopa!

Nice going, Borya!

nnbiTb (i, u-d),

nubiBy, -enib (f past

nubiAa)

3h, Bhth, a k Te6e njibiBy! AOrOHBTb (i)

Eopn, AoroHHH!

to be swimming, floating, drifting; to be sailing Hey, Vitya, I’m swimming toward you! to catch up to, overtake Catch up, Borya! lesson

20

511

miaBaTb (i, m-d) 6biCTpee He Mory, Tbi iuiaBaeuib fibicTpee. nonjibiTb (pfv i) (like iuibiTb) Tojih, nonjibmeM k 6epery.

neperaaTb (pfv n), neperoHio, neperoHHiub

to swim, float, drift; to sail faster, more rapidly I can’t; you swim faster. to set out swimming (or sailing) Tolya, let’s swim over to the shore. to outdistance, surpass, leave behind

(f past neperaana) nocMOTpHM, kto koto neperoHHT.

nocnopHTb (pfv n) Jla^HO. ,3,aBafi nocnopmvi.

ox^aTb (pfv) {like AaTb) (past OTAaji, -o, -h;

We’ll see who can outdistance whom. to argue, discuss; to bet O.K., let’s make a bet. to give, hand over; to return; to pay

f OT^ajia)

A Te6e OT,naM cboio pbidy. npoHrpaTb (pfv i) Ecjih a nponrpaio, to OTflaM Te6e cboio pbi6y. BbmrpaTb

(pfv

i)

Ecjih a Bb'inrpaio, Tb'i MHe OT^auib bcio tboio

I’ll give you my fish. to lose (a game or bet); to play (to the end) If I lose, I’ll give you my fish. to win (a game or bet) If I win, you’ll give me all your fish.

pbi6y. O^Hy HecnacTHyio pbi6y?

One miserable fish?

Jla^HO, a Bee paBHo Bbinrpaio.

O.K., I’m going to win anyway,

Bonpoc 3to eme Bonpoc.

question That remains to be seen.

Hy, nonjibuin!

Well, we’re off!

ypa Ypa! ToJia Bbinrpaji!

hurrah! Hurrah! Tolya won!

SUPPLEMENT BCTaTb (pfv i)

(like cTaTb)

3aBTpa a BCTaHy b ceMb. KaTaTbca (i) Mb'i

KaTaeMca Ha jio^Ke.

npbirHyTb (pfv i), npbirHy, nphiraenib riocMOTpH, oh npbirHyji c Mocra. cyMeTb (pfv i) 6h cyMeeT sto CAeJiaTb?

HayaHTb (pfv n) 6h HayaHJi MeHa njiaBaTb.

H3BecTHo

[izyesna]

BCeM H3BeCTHO BceM H3BCCTHO, HTO OHa BbIXOAHT 3aMy)K. nOJIHblH nojiHoe co6paHHe cohhh6hhh Y MeHa b 6H6jiHOTeKe nojiHoe codpaHHe COHHHeHHH IlyiHKHHa. KaK BaM (Te6e) He ctmaho

512

lesson

20

to get up, rise Tomorrow I’ll get up at seven. to ride, go for a ride We’re going for a boat ride, to jump Look! He jumped off the bridge. to be able; to know how Will he be able to do it? to teach He taught me to swim, it’s known everybody knows Everybody knows she’s getting married, full, complete the complete works I have the complete works of Pushkin in my library. aren’t you ashamed [of yourself]

KaK Te6e ne ctmaho!

floraaTb (pfv n)

Aren’t you ashamed of yourself? (like neperaaTb)

to catch up to, overtake

CCCP xoneT AorHaTb h neperaaTb AMepHKy.

The U.S.S.R. wants to overtake and surpass America.

cnopHTb (n)

to argue, dispute; to bet

He ctoht 06 3tom cnopHTb.

There’s no use arguing about it.

IIocnopHM! E. — Eopa (Eopnc)

B. — Bhth (Buktop)

T. — Tona (AHaTOJTHH)

E.

1 Hy h xapa! Xopoiuo 6bi BbmynaTbca!

B.

2 Hoaoikah, nocHAHM eme hcmhoto, a to ctwaho hath Ha3aa c nycTbiMH pyKaivm.

T.

3 KaK c nycTbiMH? y Te6a boh TpH pbi6bi. 3to a Bcero OAHy pbi6y noHMaji.

E.

4 PeOaTa, xbsitht yarn, noiiAeM KynaTbca.1

B.

5 Hy, jiaAHO. EyAeM npbiraTb c Mocra.

E.

6 A eme He oaeHb xoporno yMero, xoTa Tbi MeHa h yHHJi.2

B.

7 A a 3to >Ke npocTO. Cmotph: bot tok. Pe6aTa, npbiraHTe, BOAa Temraa.

E.

8 3x, oahh pa3 yMHpaTb!

T.

9 MojiOAeu, Eopa! 3h, Birra, a k Te6e njibiBy. Eopa, AoroHafi!

E. 10 He Mory, Tbi miaBaemb 6bicTpee.3 B. 11 Tojia, nonabmeM k 6epery. nocMOTpHM, kto koto neperoHHT. T. 12 JiaAHO. Aasait nocnopHM: ecjrn a BbiHrpaio, tbi MHe OTAauib bcio tboio pbi6y, a ecjm

npompaio, to OTAaM Te6e cboio. B. 13 OAHy HecaacTHyio pbi6y? JiaAHO, a Bee paBHo BbiHrpaio. T. 14 3to eme Bonpoc. Hy, nonjibum! E. 15

NOTES

ypa! Tona Bb'mrpaji!

1 The verb KynaTbca (perfective

BbiKynaTbcn)

means both to take a bath and to

go swimming or bathing. Swimming, specifically, is usually expressed by the verbs naaBaTb

and

mibiTb.

2 The verb yHHTb can mean both to study and to teach. It requires the accusative for the thing studied, but the dative or the infinitive for the thing taught: Fae

Bb'i

yHHJiH pyccKHH

OHa ero yafijia Bb'i

H3biK?

pyccKOMy H3biKy.

MeHa yafijiH miaBaTb.

Where did you study Russian? She was teaching him Russian. You were teaching me [how] to swim.

The perfective HayHHTb is used only in the sense to teach and is also accompanied by the dative or the infinitive for the thing taught: lesson 20

513

Ch MeHH

HayHHJi nrpe

Oh MeHa

HayHHJi

He taught me the game of chess.

b uiaxMaTbi.

HrpaTb b uiaxMaTbi.

He taught me [how] to play chess.

In the sense to teach, the person taught must be mentioned; otherwise the verb npeno^aBaTb is used instead of yHHTb (nayHHTb): Oh npeno^aer

pyccKHH B3biK.

He teaches Russian.

The reflexive verb yHHTbCH (perfective HayHHTbca) means only to study, to learn and is accompanied by the dative or infinitive for the thing studied: 6h

CKopo HayHHJicH njiaBaTb.

He soon learned [how] to swim.

Oh

yHHTcn pyccKOMy

He’s studying Russian.

3 The verbs

njiaBaTb

and

»3biKy.

njibiTb

are both imperfective and form another set of

multidirectional versus unidirectional verbs of motion. njiaBaTb is the multidirectional imperfective mibiTb

describing

the

general

activity

(compare

xoAHTb,

e3AHTb),

and

is the unidirectional imperfective describing the activity in process toward a

goal (compare

hath,

exaTb).

Oh

xopoino njiaBaeT.

He swims well.

Oh

njibiBeT

He’s swimming toward shore.

k

Gepery.

Note that njiaBaTb and njibiTb are not limited to the notion of swimming alone, but describe any movement on or in the water, whether swimming, floating, sailing, or drifting. JIoAKa MeAJieHHo njibuia B BOAe njiaBaeT AepeBO.

k 6epery.

The boat was drifting slowly toward shore. There’s a tree floating in the water.

Basic sentence patterns 1.

A

xony 6yjibOHa.

_xjieGa.

_ bread.

_ MOJIOKa.

_milk.

_6opma.

_borsch.

2. OHa npHHecna Haro.

3.

She brought some tea.

_ caxapy.

_sugar.

_cyny.

-soup.

A

I’ll drink some milk.

Bb'mbro MOjiOKa.

_ naro.

-tea.

_ BOAb'l.

-water.

_ BOAKH.

_vodka.

4. Ohm BbinHJIH BOAKH.

514

I want some consomme (or broth).

They drank vodka.

_ Bcro BOAKy.

-all the vodka.

_nHBa.

-beer.

-Bee nHBO.

_all the beer.

-naro.

_tea.

- Becb Hah.

_all the tea.

lesson

20

5. Oku yace noejin? — HeT,

ohh

eme He eim.

Have they already eaten? No, they haven’t eaten yet.

Bb'i yace noejTH?

Have you already eaten?

— HeT, A eme He ext.

No, I haven’t eaten yet.

6. OHa exia ObicTpo.

She ate quickly.

Oh& cbejia ab4 tcyctca xjieda.

She ate two pieces (or slices) of bread.

Ohh

They ate with gusto (or pleasure).

exiH

c yxtOBOJibCTBHeM.

Ohh cbexiu Bee rpH6bi. 7. EmbTe, no^axiyiicTa.

They ate up all the mushrooms. Eat, please.

— Cnacri6o, A eM.

Thank you, I am eating.

Cbemb

Eat this pirog.

3tot

nnpor.

— Xopouio, A

cbeM.

All right, I will.

noemb

paGoToft.

Have something to eat before work.

—

A

nepeA

noeM.

8. Hhkto MeHa He yafin nnaBaTb.

A A A A A

1 will. No one taught me to swim.

hhkoto TyT He 3Hato.

I don’t know anyone here.

hh y koto He dbrnato.

I don’t visit anybody.

HH K KOMy He xoacy.

1 don’t go to see anybody.

3TOTO HHKOMy He cxa)Ky.

I won’t tell it to a soul.

HH C KeM TyT He 3HaKOM.

I don’t know (I’m not acquainted with) anyone here.

6h HHKeM He ^OBOXieH.

He’s not satisfied with anyone.

6h hh o kom He cnpamHBaxt.

He didn’t ask about anybody.

9. Hhhto ero He HHTepecyeT.

A A A A

HHHero He ext.

I didn’t eat a thing.

HHHeMy He Bepto.

I don’t believe a thing.

HHHeMy He yxtHBXiamcb.

I’m surprised at nothing.

hh o neM He decnoKOHhca.

I didn’t worry about a thing.

6h hhh6m He HHTepecyeTca. 10. JIoAKa nxtbiBeT k 6epery.

He’s not interested in anything. The boat is drifting toward shore.

Tae bm njiaBaeTe?

Where do you swim?

— Mbi nxiaBaeM B03Ae depera.

We swim along the shore.

Ky^a Bbi nxibiBeTe?

Where are you swimming to?

— Mbi njibrneM Ha Apyrott deper.

We’re swimming to the other bank.

11. Oh CO BCeMH 3HaKOM.

He is acquainted with everybody.

_Bcex neperHaxr.

_surpassed everyone.

_bc6m noMoraeT.

_helps everybody.

_odo Bcex decnoKOHTca.

_worries about everybody.

12. 6h cbexi BCto KOJtdacy.

13.

Nothing interests him.

He ate up all the sausage.

_ Becb xxted.

_all the bread.

_Bee neneHbe.

_all the cookies.

_Bee nnpoTH.

_all the pirogs.

A

I’m teaching him Russian.

ero yny pyccKOMy »3biKy.

Oh y MeHa yntiTca pyccKOMy jnbitcy.

He’s studying Russian with me.

A

I’m teaching this American lady Russian.

yny 3Ty aMepHKaHKy pyccKOMy B3biKy.

OHa y MeHa yHHTca pyccKOMy Jt3biKy.

She’s studying Russian with me.

A

hx HayHHXt nnaBaTb.

I taught them to swim.

Ohh HaynHAHCb nnaBaTb.

They learned to swim. lesson

20

515

14. y Hero He XBaTajio oahoh nanKH.

He was one folder short.

6h He mot aToro CAenaTb oahoh pyKoii.

He couldn’t do it with one hand.

Oh4 B3»Jia neMo^aH b OAHy pyxy, a

She took the suitcase in one hand and the brief¬ case in the other.

nopTcjiejib b jtpyryio.

He lives alone now.

15. 6h >khb6t Tenepb oahh. OHa acHBeT Tenepb OAHa.

She lives alone now.

Ohh )KHByT Tenepb oahh.

They live alone now.

16. 3Aecb, KaaceTca, acnji OcnnoB?

Didn’t Osipov live here?

— /fa, ho oh yMep Mecau TOMy Ha3aA.

Yes, but he died a month ago.

3Aecb, KaaceTca, jKHJia OcnnoBa?

Didn’t Mrs. Osipov live here?

— ^a, ho OHa yMepna Mecau; TOMy Ha3aA.

Yes, but she died a month ago.

17. Banin aacbi cnernaT Ha TpnHaAAaTb

Your watch is thirteen minutes fast.

MHHyT. Moh aacb'i oTCTaioT Ha aeTbipHaAuaTb

My watch is fourteen minutes slow.

MHHyT. Baepa a ono3Aan Ha naTHaAAaTb MHHyT.

Yesterday I was fifteen minutes late.

Baepa Bbi ono3AajiH Ha Tpn aeTBepra

Yesterday you were three quarters of an hour

aaca.

late.

Baepa OHa ono3Aana Gonbuie, aeM Ha aac. 18. CxoAbKo ctoht 3Ta py6auiKa?

Yesterday she was more than an hour late. How much is this shirt?

— /3,eBaTHaAUaTb pyGneii.

Nineteen rubles.

CKOJIbKO CTOHT 3TOT KOCTK3M?

How much is this suit?

— CopoK pyGjieil.

Forty rubles.

19. Bo CKOJIbKO OTnpaBjiaeTca noe3A?

At what time does the train leave?

— B aac ABaAHaTb.

At 1:20.

Bo

At what time does the plane leave?

—

CKOJIbKO OTnpaBjiaeTca caMOJieT?

B

At 3:30.

TpH TpHAUaTb.

Pronunciation practice: inconsistencies in spelling as compared with pronunciation SIMPLIFICATION OF CONSONANT CLUSTERS A. Clusters with medial A and 1.

t

usually omit these letters in pronunciation.

3ah, pronounced [zn] or [zp] [prazpik]

npa.3AHHK

feast

[zyoznaja]

3Be3AHoe

starry

[pozna]

no3AHO

late

[pozpij]

n03AHHH

late

[najezpik]

Hae3AHHK

jockey 2.

cth,

pronounced [sn] or [sp]

[fespica]

necTHHua

stairs

[sisnatca|] sixteen

[piscasnij]

HecnacTHbiH

[casnij]

unfortunate

private

[usnij]

[cesnij]

ycTHbiii

oral

516

uiecTHaAAaTb

honest lesson 20

nacTHbiii

necTHbiii

3.

ctji,

pronounced [si] or [s[]

[sla^]

cTJiaTb

[scisjivij]

to spread [paslay

CHaCTJIHBblH

happy

nocTJiaTb

[scasjif]

to spread

CHacTjiHB

happy

4. p^u, pronounced [rc] [§erca]

cepnue

heart

B. The consonant h is usually pronounced [s] before t and [sto]

HTO

h.

[kajiesna]

what

kohchho

of course

[patamusta]

noTOMy hto

[skusna]

because

cicyHHO

boring

C. The consonant [zdrastujy]

b

is often omitted in speech when it occurs in clusters containing several consonants.

3flpaBCTByHTe

[custujiy]

hello

nyBCTByeTe

you feel

D. The consonant ji is not pronounced in the word cojimie. [sonca]

cojiHue

sun

OTHER SPELLING INCONSISTENCIES

A. The consonant r is pronounced [v] in the genitive endings -oro and -ero and the word cero^roi. [f§ivo xarosiva]

Bcero xopomero

[ijicivo]

Hunero

nothing; all right

good-bye [sto novava]

hto hoboto

[talstova] of Tolstoy

what’s new [§ivodpa]

ceroMHH

Tojictoto

[adnavo]

ozmoro

of one

today

B. The consonant r is pronounced [x] before k and 4. [rpaxiyj]

MarKHH

jierKHH

light, easy [ipaxci]

JierKO

it’s easy

soft Qoxl^ij]

[jixko] [Jexci]

jierne

easier

Marne

softer

lesson 20

517

STRUCTURE AND DRILLS

Irregular verbs ecTb (imperfective) and noecTb, cbecTb (perfectives) noecTb (pfv)

ecTb (ipfv) PAST

en, ena, eno, enn

PAST

noen, -a, -o, -h

PRES

eM, emb, ecT

FUT

noeM, noemb, noecT,

eRHM, eRHTe, epAr IMPER

emb! embTe!

noeRHM, noeRHTe, noenaT IMPER noemb! noembTe!

The alternate perfective, cbecTb to eat up, finish eating, follows exactly the same conjugation pattern as noecTb. MODELS 6h erne He en.

He hasn’t eaten yet.

Oh6_ena.

She hasn’t_

Ohh_ejiH.

They haven’t_

Ha 3aBTpaK a eM icarny.

I eat kasha for breakfast.

_Tbi emb

You eat_

_ oh ecT-

He eats_

_ Mbi eiJHM_

We eat_

_Bb'i euHTe_

You eat_

_ OHH e^BT_.

They eat_

He emb 3Toro!

Don’t eat that!

_embTe_!

_eat_!

A TOJIbKO HTO noejl.

I just ate.

OHa_noejia.

She just

Mbi_ noejiH.

We just

A noeM no3ace.

I’ll eat later.

Tbi noemb_

You’ll

Oh noecT_

He’ll eat_

Mbi noe^HM_

We’ll eat_.

Bbi rioeauTe_

You’ll eat_

Ohh noe^HT_

They’ll eat___

Tbi Bee cbeji?

Have you finished [eating] everything?

_Cbejia?

Have you_?

Bbi _cbejiH?

Have you_?

eat_

Tbi cbemb Becb cyn?

Are you going to eat up all the soup?

— J\k, cbeM.

Yes, 1 am.

Bb'i cbeuHTe Becb cyn?

Are you going to eat up all the soup?

— J\k, cbeAHM.

Yes, we are.

■ TRANSFORMATION DRILLS 1. He was eating kasha.

OHa ejia KapTomicy.

He ate the kasha.

Ohh ejiH KOji6acy.

6h en icamy.

Bb'i ejiH 66pm,.

Oh cbeji Kauiy.

OHa ena Jianrny.

Tbi en xne6.

Mbi ejiH 6yjiKy.

Tbi cbeji xne6.

518

lesson 20

2. He ate the kasha.

OHa cbena Rainy.

He'll eat the kasha.

OHa ctecT Kauiy.

Oh cben Rainy.

(a, Mbi, KaTa, Oner, ohh, oh, Bbi)

Oh ciecT Kauiy.

■ QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS 1. Have you eaten already?

2. Would you like a bite to eat?

No, we'll eat later.

Yes, we'll eat some bread and sausage.

Bbi yace enn?

BaM xoneTCR 3aKycftTb?

HeT, mm noeauM no3»ce.

^a, Mbi cteAHM xne6a c Konftacoft.

Oh yace en?

Hm xoneTca 3aKycftTb?

HeT, oh noecT n63*e.

^a, ohh cbenHT xne6a c Konftacoft.

(TbI, AeTH, HH)KeHep, Bbi, BaUIH pOAHTeJIH,

(Tone, Te6e, Apy3bRM, eMy, BaM, Bepe,

cecTpa, Tbi)

TypHCTaM, Te6e)

■ RESPONSE DRILLS 1. It's time for me to eat.

2. I'm having my breakfast.

I haven't eaten yet.

I eat kasha for breakfast.

MHe nopa ecTb.

A 3aBTpaicaK>.

A

Ha 3aBTpaK a eM Kauiy.

eiue He en.

BaM nopa ecTb.

CocenKa 3aBTpaKaeT.

Bbi eiue He enn.

Ha 3aBTpaK OHa ecT Kauiy.

(eMy, eft, HaM, One, BiiTe, actam)

(oh, coceAH, y6opmHua, a, Bpan, Mbi,

coceA, tm) 3. You're not eating anything.

Tbi HHnero He euib.

Please eat!

Bbi HHnero He noenn.

Bbi HHnero He enftTe.

Tbi HHnero He en.

EuibTe, noHcanyficTa.

Bbi HHnero He eAHTe.

Tbi HHnero He noen.

Tbi HHnero He noena.

Tloeuib, noacanyficTa.

Bbi HHnero He enn.

DISCUSSION There are two commonly used perfectives for ecTb: noecTb and ctecTb. Of the two, ctecTb is more restricted and usually requires that the thing eaten be mentioned (or implied), whereas noecTb does not. Compare

Bbi yace noenn?

Have you already finished eating?

with

6h cben Becb xne6.

He ate up all the bread.

When the thing eaten is mentioned, the perfective verb the imperfective verb

ecTb

noecTb

requires the genitive case, whereas

requires the accusative.

Compare

Oh noen xneba.

He ate some bread.

with

Oh en xne6.

He was eating bread.

no yTpaM r eM xne6.

I eat bread in the morning.

The perfective verb cbecTb, on the other hand, can be used with either the genitive or accusative, depending upon whether a part (gen) or the whole (acc) is eaten. Compare

Oh cben xneba c MacnoM.

He ate some bread and butter.

with

Oh cben

He ate up all the bread.

Becb

xne6.

lesson 20

519

The nouns 3aBTpaK and o6eu are not ordinarily used as direct objects of the verbs ecTb, noecTb, and cbecTb in the sense to eat breakfast (or dinner). Instead, the verbs 3aBTpaKaTb, no3aBTpaKaTb, oGepaTb, and noo6e,naTb are used. Bb'i yxce noo6eflajiu?

Have you already eaten dinner?

Mbi TOJibKO hto no3aBTpaKajiH.

We just ate breakfast.

The “partitive” genitive used after transitive verbs to indicate a part of the whole MODELS .HaiiTe MHe xne6a.

Give me some bread.

Hajieii eMy bhh3.

Pour him some wine.

XoTHTe miBa?

Want some beer?

Bo3bMH xjieGa h KOJibacbi.

Take some bread and sausage.

Hapexb xjie6a.

Slice some bread.

Bbineii boukh.

Drink some vodka.

_ BOflb'l.

_ water.

XoTHTe caxapy?

Want some sugar?

_Mam?

_tea?

_ cyny?

_soup?

■ REPETITION DRILL Repeat the given models, noting that the genitive (rather than the accusative) is used for the direct object when only part of a larger amount is involved. Note also that some form ending in -y or

-10

ctoji-

nouns have an alternate

as, for example, caxapy, cyny, Haio.

■ QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS 1. Are we going to eat bread?

2. Do you drink vodka?

Yes, slice some bread.

Yes, pour me some vodka, please.

Mbi 6y/ieM ecTb xjie6?

Bb'i nbeTe BOUKy?

J\ik, Hape>Kb xjie6a.

HajiefiTe MHe boukh, noacaJiyficTa.

Mbi 6yueM ecTb orypubi?

Bb'i euhTe pb'iGy?

,U,a, Hapeacb oryppoB.

JXa,

(nnpor,

6yjncy, TopT, KOJi6acy,

xjie6,

orypubi)

nojioaKHbi 6ynyT Tenjibie py6aiHKH.

Bo3bMH ce6e KaprouiKH.

Bo3bMHTe c co6oh Temibix py6auieK.

Mail Ha CTOJie.

BaM Hy)KHa 6yMT 6yMara.

BorbiviH ce6e naio.

Bo3bMHTe c coGoii SyMarH.

(rpH6bi, nHpor, yxa, 6yjiOHKH, caxap,

(fleHbra, mojioko, bom, xne6, cojib,

BOflKa, cyn)

6yjIOHKH, BHHO, BOM)

DISCUSSION A few CTon-nouns have an alternate genitive form ending in -y or-io: caxapy, Hapo/iy, cyny, bo3^yxy, CHery, Haro. These are only used when quantity is involved and may be replaced by the regular genitive ending in -a or -a. After some transitive verbs, the so-called “partitive” genitive is used instead of the normal accusa¬ tive to specify a part of a larger amount, as compared with the whole amount. This usually corresponds to the English some or any (for the partitive genitive) as compared with the (for the accusative): .ZfaHTe MHe bhho. Give me the wine.

JJaiiTe MHe Bima. Give me some wine.

Cbeuib xne6! Eat the bread.

Iloemb xjie6a. Eat some bread.

flpHHecH caxap. Bring the sugar.

flpHHecH caxapy. Bring some sugar.

Except for the verb xoTeTb (ipfv), the partitive genitive is more likely to be used with perfective verbs, for example,

B3HTb, BbimiTb, noecTb, KynirTb, Hape3aTb, MTb,

Negative pronouns

hhkto

and

and

HajiHTb.

hhht6 ;

negative adverbs HHKoryja, HnrAe, HHKy^a, and HnicaK Note in the following models that negative pronouns and adverbs are regularly used in double negative constructions in Russian.

MODELS Hhkto He 3bohhji.

Nobody telephoned.

Oh HHKoro He bhmji.

He didn’t see anyone.

Ch hh y koto He 6biBaeT.

He doesn’t go to visit anyone.

Oh

HHKOMy

He

3BOHHJI.

He didn’t call anyone.

Oh hh k KOMy He noiuen.

He didn’t go see anyone.

Oh HHKeM He hobojich.

He isn’t satisfied with anyone.

Oh hh c KeM He roBOpnir.

He didn’t talk with anybody.

Oh hh o kom He cnpamHBaji.

He didn’t ask about anybody.

Hhhto ee He HHTepecyeT.

Nothing interests her.

OHa HHHero He noTepaaa.

She didn’t lose anything.

OHa HHHero He 6ohtch.

She’s not afraid of anything.

OHa HHHeMy He yAHBJiaeTCH.

She’s not surprised at anything.

OHa hh o neM He 6ecnoKOHJiacb.

She wasn’t worried about a thing.

OHa hh k neMy He npHBbiKJia.

She’s not used to anything. lesson 20

521

She doesn’t agree with anything.

OHa hh c HeM He comacHa. OHa hhh6m He

She’s interested in nothing.

HHTepecyeTca.

A

HHKOiyja He 6hjt b

A

ero HHrfle He bhacji.

I’ve never been in the U.S.S.R.

CCCP.

I didn’t see him anywhere. I’m not going anywhere.

A HHKyAa He HAy. A hhkbk He Mory AocraTb 6HJieTbi. Declension of hhkto

There’s no way I can get tickets.

no one, nobody

and

hhhto nothing, not anything

NOM

HHKTO

HHHTO1

ACC-GEN

HHKOTO

HHHero

PREP

HH O KOM

HH 0 HeM

DAT

HHKOMy

HHneMy

INSTR

HHKeM

HHHeM

■ REPETITION DRILL

Repeat the given models, noting that the negative pronouns hhkto and hhhto are treated as single words except when used with prepositions; in that case they are separated by the preposition. ■ QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS

1. Who was sitting there?

2. What are they talking about?

No one.

Nothing.

Kto TaM cHAeji?

O HeM OHH TOBOpHT?

Hhkto.

Hh o neM.

C KeM OHa TamieBajia?

Mero ohh 6obtch?

Hh c KeM.

Hnnero.

O

C

kom

OHa nncajia?

ueM ohh comacHbi?

Koro OHa BHAena?

K HeMy OHH npHBbIKJIH?

K KOMy OHa nouuia?

MtO OHH nHJIH?

y

MeM ohh HHTepecyioTCfl?

koto OHa

KeM

6buia?

OHa HHTepecyeTca?

■ STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS

1. Someone's here.

2. He's afraid of something.

There's no one here.

He's not afraid of anything.

TyT KTO-TO eCTb.

Oh Hero-To 6ohtcr.

TyT HHKoro HeT.

Oh HHHero He 6ohtch.

TyT KTO-TO 6bIJl.

Oh hto-to noTepaji.

TyT HHKoro He 6buio.

Oh HHHero He noTepaji.

TyT

Oh o neM-TO 3a6bin.

o kom-to

cnpaiiiHBaioT.

TyT y Koro-To ecTb Kocjie.

Oh hto-to npHHec.

TyT KOMy-TO npeAJiaraioT pa6oTy.

Oh neM-TO

CTynan.

TyT koto-to oacHAaioT.

Oh hto-to

npenoAaeT.

TyT

O KOM-TO TOBOpHT.

TyT KeM-To HHTepecyiOTCR.

Oh o hSm-to AyMaeT. Oh HeM-TO 3aHHT.

1 The nominative form hhhto is often replaced in conversational Russian by HHHero: Hhhto eMy He HpaBHJiocb. (formal) Nothi ]eased hjm Hnnero eMy He HpaBHJiocb. (colloquial)

522

lesson

20

■ QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS

1. Did anyone call?

2. Did you hear anything?

No, no one called.

No, we heard nothing.

KTO-HH6yflb 3BOHHJI?

Bbi HTo-HHbyat cjib'imajiH?

HeT, HHKTO He 3BOHHJI.

HeT,

Oh Koro-HH6ynb npoBoadui?

Bbi

np0B0wa.11.

HeT, OH HHKoro He

Mbi HHHero He cjibiuiajin.

o HeM-HHdyab aoroBopfijiHCb?

HeT,

Mbi HH

0

HeM

He AOrOBOpHJIHCb.

Oh k KOMy-HH6y/ib nofiAeT?

Bbi HTO-HH6yab noiiMajiH?

KTo-Hn6yzib npHxo/iHJi?

Bbi HeMy-HH6yab noBepnjiH?

Oh o KOM-HH6y/ib nncaji?

Bbi o neM-HH6yab cnopHim?

Oh KeM-HH6yAb HHTepecyeTca?

Bbi c Hero-HHbyab npbirajiH?

Oh KOMy-HnGyflb HpaBHTca?

Bbi HTO-HH6yAb CBapHJIH?

Oh c KeM-HnSy^b 3HaKOM?

Bbi HeM-HH6yab HHTepecoBajincb? Bbi o HeM-HH6yab roBopHJiH? Bbi HTO-HH6yab 3apa6oTa^H?

3. Where did you go?

4. Were you ever in the U.S.S.R.?

Nowhere.

No, never.

Kyaa

Bbi

Tbi xoaha?

Koraa-HH6yab

6bum

b

CCCP?

HHKyaa.

HeT, HHKoraa He 6mji.

Fae

Bbi rae-HHbyab Buae.rin Boasy?

Tbi 6b'ui?

Horae.

Koraa

HeT, HHrae He bhacji.

Bbi Koraa-HHbyAb enu rpH6bi?

Tbi 6yaeuib sto 3HaTb?

KOTO Tbi BCTpeTHJl?

Bbi KaK-HH6yAt MoweTe AOCTaTb SnjieTbi?

Kyaa

Bbi rAe-HH6yAb cjibimajin 06

Te6a npurJiacHUH?

stom?

Bbi Kyaa-Hn6yai> cobupaeTecb?

Tae Tbi paGoTaeuib? Hto Tbi noTepiui?

DISCUSSION

Negative pronouns and adverbs are used in double negative constructions in Russian. A

I’m

HHHero He aejiato.

not doing

anything.

Hhkto He xpaji Bauiero neMoaaHa.

Nobody

A ceroaHfl HHKyaa

I’m not going anywhere today.

HnKoro

and

kto

nay.

There’s no one here.

3aecb HeT.

The negative pronouns interrogatives

He

hhkto

stole your suitcase.

and

hhhto

are formed by combining the negative particle

hh

with the

These are written and treated as single words except when a preposition

hto.

separates them. Compare

Oh

hhk£m He aoBOJieH.

with

6h

hh

c KeM

He

He’s not satisfied with anybody.

roBopfiji.

He

didn’t talk to

Hhkto functions as the negative opposite of kto-to and opposite of hto-to and

Oh hto-to Kynriji.

KTO-HH6yab The Kyaa, and

negative

KT0-HH6yai»,

and hhhto as the negative

HTo-HH6yai>.

He bought something.

3BOHHJ1?

anybody.

Oh

Did anyone call?

adverbs

are

formed

HHHero

He Kynfiji.

Hhkto He 3bohhji?

by

prefixing

hh-

to

the

He bought nothing.

Didn’t anyone call? interrogatives

Koraa,

rae,

KaK: HHKoraa, Horae, HHKyaa, hhk3k.

lesson 20

523

Declension of necb MODELS

Becb ropon 06 stom roBopHT.

The whole town is talking about it.

Bca niKOJia-

The whole school-

Bee o6me>KHTHe-

The whole dormitory-

Bee CTyAeHTbi 06 stom toboprt.

All the students are talking about it.

Mbi Becb ^eHb jtobhjih pbi6y.

We fished all day long.

_bcio cy66oTy_

_all day Saturday.

_Bee

ji6to_

_all summer long.

_Bee yTpo_

_all morning_

Mbi roBopHJiH 060 bcSm njiaHe.

We talked about the entire plan.

_060 BCeM o6me>KHTHH.

_the entire dormitory.

_o (060) Bcex paSoHHx.1

_all the workers.

6h BCeM AOBOJieH.

He’s satisfied with everything.

_ BCeMH_

_everybody.

Bee b nopaflKe.

Everything’s in order.

Bee b c6ope.

Everyone’s here.

OHa BceMy yflHBjiaeTca.

She’s surprised at everything.

_BceM_

_everybody.

A

I didn’t see the whole film.

Bcero (|)HJibMa He BH^eji.

_ Bcero pacnHcaHHH-

_the whole schedule.

_ Been KapTHHbi_

_the whole picture.

_ Bcex CHHMKOB_

_all the snapshots.

SINGULAR PLURAL

Masculine

Neuter

Becb

Bee

NOM ACC

(like

nom gen)

or

(like

Feminine Bee

BCR

nom)

(like

BCK)

nom

or

GEN

Bcero

PREP

BceM

DAT

BceMy

BCeM

INSTR

BceM

BCeMH

gen)

Bcex Been

■ STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILL

Everyone in the city is talking about it.

Bee

The whole city is talking about it.

BcH UIKOJia 06 3TOM TOBOpHT.

Bee

b

ropotre

06 stom

roBopaT.

Becb ropo^ 06 3tom roBopHT.

b uiKOJie 06 stom roBopaT.

(b o6me>KMTHH, B yHHBepcHTeTe, b 6iopo, B KOJIX03e, B HHCTHTyTe, Ha JIHT(})aKe, Ha 3aBoae, b cene, b nocojibCTBe)

!Both o and 060 are possible in the prepositional case: usually 060 before 060 is possible: o Bcex or 060 Bcex.

524

LESSON

20

BceM,

but o before

Bcefi.

In the plural, either o

■ QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS

1. Are there any more potatoes? No, we've already eaten them all up. ecTb?

KapTouiKa eme

2. Did you see the whole film? No, I didn't see all of the film. Bb'l BH^eJlH Becb (j)HJlbM?

Her, Mbi yace bcio ctejiH.

HeT, Bcero (|)HJibivia h He BimeJi.

Xjie6

Bbi BHflejIH BCIO KapTHHy?

eme ecTb?

HeT, Mbi yace eecb cbejm.

HeT,

Been KapTHHbi a

He

BH^eji.

(orypubi, neneHbe, pbi6a, rpn6bi, cyn,

(6yMarH, pacnncaHHe, chhmkh, EBpony,

jianuia, topt)

ropom

aaponopT,

AMepnxy)

■ EXPANSION DRILLS

1. We talked about institutes.

2. I'm pleased with the papers.

We talked about all the institutes.

I'm pleased with all the papers.

Mbi

A

flOBOJieH pa6oTaMH.

A

zioBOJieH bccmh

A

flOBOJieH 3toh rpynnofi.

rOBOpiUIH 06 HHCTHTyTaX.

Mbi TOBOpUJIH O Bcex Mbi

roBopHUH

o

HHCTHTyTaX.

imaHe.

Mbi roBopnJiH 060 bc6m n.iane.

H AOBOJieH Been

pa6oTaMH.

stoh

rpynnoii.

(o MOCTax, o rpynne,

(3THM KHTHH, O 3HaKOMbIX,

ihkohoh)

o npeflCKa3aHHax)

■ QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS

2. Who was there?

1. What did you lose? Everything.

Everybody.

Hto Bbi noTepajiH?

Kto TaM 6b'ui?

Bee.

Bee.

HeM Bbi HHTepecyeTecb?

O kom oh cnpauiHBaji?

BceM.

O60 Bcex.

O HeM Bbi rOBOpHJIH?

KoMy oh noMoraji?

K

C

KeM OH n03HaK0MHJICH?

K

KOMy oh

neMy Bbi npHBbiKJiii?

Hero HeM

Bbi

6oHTecb?

oGpamajica?

Y koto oh 6biBaji?

Bbi .HOBOJIbHbl?

Hto Bbi npoBepHjiH?

O kom oh ayMaji?

O neM Bbi ayMaeTe?

Koro

HeMy Bbi Bepirre?

C

oh 6jiaro^apHJi?

ReM oh cnopHJi?

O neM Bbi cnopHJiH?

DISCUSSION

In addition to their function as modifiers, the neuter singular and the plural of

Becb

also serve as

independent pronouns: 1. Neuter singular Bee everything, all: Bee 6biJio xopouio.

Everything was fine.

Tbi Bee 3Haeuib.

You know everything.

3to

Bee.

That’s all. lesson

20

525

2. Plural Bee everyone, everybody, all. Note that unlike the English everyone, everybody, Bee is plural in Russian: Bee 6 bum ^oBOJibHbi.

Everyone was satisfied. (Lit. All were satisfied.)

6h BceM

He’ll tell everybody about it.

06

3tom CKaaceT.

A number of time expressions employ the accusative forms of Becb: bcio He^eJiio all week (long), Bee yTpo all morning, bcio 3HMy all winter, Becb Benep the whole evening, Becb AeHb all day, bcio cy66oTy all day Saturday.

Declension of In different contexts oahh may mean not only one, but also a, a single, only, alone, all by oneself, the same, one and the same, and a certain. In meanings such as only and alone, it is used in the plural as well as in the singular. The plural form is also required with nouns used only in the plural, for example: oahh nacbi one watch, one clock.

MODELS

6h OAHH 3TO CflejiaJI.

He did it all by himself.

OHa ocTaBHJia fix oahhx AOMa.

She left them alone at home.

y MeHfi TOJibKO OAHa KapTa.

I have only one map.

y MeHfi TOJibKO oaho nepo.

I have only one pen [point].

y

They have only one clock.

Hfix TOJibKO OAHH Hacbl.

6h TOJibKO OAHH pa3 6bIJI B MocKBe.

He was in Moscow only once (that is, one time).

TaHa Hamjia TOJibKO oahh rpfi6.

Tanya found only one mushroom.

Mbi

We’re the same class year but not very well

Ha

oahom Kypce, ho Mano

3HaKOMbi.

acquainted. Mbi

b

We’re in the same group.

oahoh rpynne.

OAHy MHHyTKy.

Just a minute!

CnuTafiTe ot OAHoro ao AecaTfi.

Count from one to ten!

A

I want a single room (that is, a room for one).

xony KOMHaTy Ha oahoto.

Except for its stress, which is on the endings throughout, oahh is declined like 3TOt; the inserted vowel h occurs only in the form oahh.

SINGULAR PLURAL

Masculine NOM ACC

OAfiH

(like

nom

or

Neuter

Feminine

oaho

OAHa

(like

nom)

OAHy

OAHfi

(like

nom

or

gen) GEN

OAHOTO OAHfix

PREP

(06)

OAHOM OAHOH

DAT INSTR

526

LESSON

20

OAHOMy

OAHIIM

OAHIIM

OAHIIMH

gen)

■ EXPANSION DRILL

He left. He left alone 6h

(or

by himself).

yexaji.

Oh yexaa oaHH. OHa yexaaa.

OHa yexaaa oaHa. (mm, anperrop, bm, neBHiia, apy3ba, OHa,

MOH nOMOLLIHHK, TOBapHLUH)

■ QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS 1.

How many tourists did you see?

2. Did you speak to any stewardesses?

Only one.

Yes, I did talk to one.

CKOJIbKO Bbl BHaeJIH TypHCTOB?

Bbl

TOBOpHJIH

c

SopTnpOBOUHHIiaMH?

ToJibKO onHoro.

fl,

CKOJIbKO Bbl BHaejIH rOCTHHHII?

Bbi roBopHJiH co CTyaeHTaMH?

a, TOBOpHJI C OHHOH.

ToJibKO OflHy.

a, TOBOpHJI C OAHHM.

(MeMoaaHOB, cyMOK, tph6ob, ct3hiihh,

(aMepHKaHKaMH, K0JIX03HHKaMH,

AeByineK, napHen, 6yMa>KHHKOB, nanoK,

yHHTejIbHHIiaMH, paGOHHMH, COCeaKaMH)

jioaoK)

■ STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS 1.

I don't see all the suitcases.

2. We saw lots of boats.

There's one suitcase I don't see.

We saw only one boat.

A

He BHXCy

Mb'l

A

ne BH*y ojiHoro neMoaaHa.

A

He BiDKy

A

He BHacy oaHofi 6yMarn. •

Bcex Bcex

HCMOaaHOB.

6yMar.

BHUejlH MHOrO JIOflOK.

MbI BHfleJIH TOJlbKO OJIHy JIO^Ky.

Mb'i

BH^ejiH MHoro npoHrpbiBaTejieH.

MbI BHJieJIH TOJlbKO ojihh npoiirpbiBaTeab.

(6HJieTOB, JIOJIOK, COHHHeHHH, CTaKaHOB,

(MHoro MaUJHH, MHOTO oGlUOKHTHH,

aameK, hokch, caacfieTOK)

MHoro HeMOaaHOB, MHoro KOMHaT, MHoro aOMOB, MHoro KBapTHp, MHOTO o6bBBaeHHH, MHoro rOCTHHHII, MHoro HHOCTpaHIieB)

First conjugation verbs ending in -HyTb or -HyTbcn: OT/joxHyTb, npbimyTb, eepH^Tbcn, npocHyTbcn, npnBbiKHyTb, HCHe3HyTb MODELS

/JaBairre oTaoxHeM.

Let’s take a rest.

_ BepHeMCH aOMOH.

_go back home.

_ npbirHeM.

-jump.

A

I’ll have a good rest there.

TaM xopouio OTaOXHy.

Oh _ oTaoxHeT.

He’ll_

Ohh_ OTaOXHyT.

They’ll_ lesson

20

527

A CKOpO npHBbIKHy K 3TOMy.

I’ll soon get used to it.

Oh _ npHBbIKHeT-

He’ll-

Ohh_npuBbiKHyT-

They’ll-

A CKopo BepHycb.

I’ll be back soon.

Oh _ BepHeTCB.

He’ll_

Ohh_BepHyTca.

They’ll_

Oh CKopo npOCHeTCH.

He’ll soon wake up.

Ohh_npocHyTca.

They’ll_

Ot^oxhh!

Take a rest!

llpbirHH!

Jump!

BepHHCb!

Come back!

npOCHHCb!

Wake up!

Oh yace OT^oxHyji.

He already took a rest.

Oh4_oTflOXHyjra.

She_

Oh_BepHyjiCH.

He_returned.

OHa_BepHyuacb.

She_

6h_npocHyjica.

He_woke up.

OHa_npocHyjiacb.

She_-

Oh yace npHBbiK k 3TOMy.

He’s already used to it.

OHa_npHBbiKJia_

She’s_

Ohh_npHBb'iKjiH-

They’re--

Kyaa oh Hcne3?

Where did he disappear to?

_OHa Hcne3Jia?

_she-?

_ OHH HCHC3J1H?

_ they_?

■ REPETITION DRILL Repeat the given models, noticing the pattern of these first conjugation verbs. Note especially the verbs npHBbiKHyTb

and

HCHe3HyTb,

which lose the suffix -Hy- in the past tense.

■ RESPONSE DRILLS 1. He needs to rest.

2. There was no way the folder could get lost.

He already did.

But somehow it did.

EMy Hy>KHO OTUOXHyTb.

namca hhkeik He Morna Hcne3HyTb.

Oh y*e oxaoxHyji.

Ho KaK-TO Hcne3Jia.

EMy Hy>KHO npocHyTbCB.

nopT(j)ejib HHKax He Mor Hcne3HyTb.

Oh yace npocHyjicn.

Ho

(BepHyTbca, npbirHyTb, npocHyTbca,

KaK-TO

Hcne3.

(nucbMO, 6yMa>KHHK, 3aaBJieHHe, cyMKa)

OTflOXHyTb, BepHyTbCfl)

3. You must jump. Jump! Te6e

4. We wont he back. You'll be back.

Hano npb'irHyTb.

Mbi

He BepHeMca.

npbiir hh!

BepHeTecb.

Te6e

Mbi He npbirHeM.

Ha^o BepHyTbca.

BepHHCb!

(npocHyTbca, npbirHyTb, oTfloxHyTb, Hcne3HyTb, BepHyTbca)

528

lesson 20

npbirHeTe.

(oTAoxHeM, npHBbiKHeM, npocHeMca, Hcne3HeM, BepHeMca, npbirHeM)

■ QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS

1. No one jumped?

2. Has he gotten used to getting up early?

No one could jump.

Yes, and so has she.

Hhkto He npbirHyji?

Ch y>Ke npHBbiK paHO BCTaBaTb?

Hhkto He mot npbirHyTb.

,1a, h OHa Toace npHBbiKJia.

Hhkto He OTHoxHyji?

Ch yace npocHyjica?

Hhkto He mot OTaoxHyTb.

,ZI,a, h OHa Toace npocHyjiacb.

(Hcne3, BepHyjica, npHBbiK, npocHyjica, npbirHyji, OTfloxHyji)

(Hcie3, OTfloxHyji, BepHyjica, npbirHyji, npHBbiK, npocHyjica)

DISCUSSION

Most verbs with infinitives ending in -Hyrb or especially if the stress falls on this syllable:

-HyTbCH

retain the suffix

OT^oxHyTb

OT,qoxHy;i, OTfloxHyjia, -jio, -jih

BepHyTbca

BepHyjica, -jiacb, -jiocb, -jiHCb

npocHyTbca

npocHyjica, -Jiacb, -Jiocb, -JiHCb

in the past tense,

-Hy-

Some with the stress on the syllable preceding -Hy-, however, drop this suffix in the past tense, as well as the ji of the masculine past tense form: -JIO, -JIH

npHBbIKHyTb

npHBbiK, npHBbiKJia,

Hcne3HyTb

Hcne3, HCHe3Jia, -jio, -jih

Verbs ending in -HyTb and -HyTbCH are almost all perfective, and all belong to the first conjugation.

Two-stem first conjugation verbs ending in -oeaTb or -enaTb MODELS

OHa jho6ht TaHixeBaTb.

She loves to dance.

Oh4 bck) HOHb TaHueBajia.

She danced all night.

Bbi TaHiiyeTe? /JaBairre noTaHuyeM!

Do you dance? Let’s dance!

He TaHuyfi!

Don’t dance!

Bbi He flOJDKHbl efi 3aBHJIOBaTb.

You shouldn’t envy her.

A HHKOMy He

I didn’t envy anyone.

3aBHflOBajI.

A b4m He 3aBHnyio.

I don’t envy you.

He 3aBHnyii npyrfiM!

Don’t envy others!

Ch Hanaji HHTepecoBaTbca xHMHeii.

He began to get interested in chemistry.

Ch HHTepecoBajica XHMHeii.

He was interested in chemistry.

Ch HHTepecyeTca xfiMHeii.

He’s interested in chemistry.

MHTepecyHca Gojibine pa6oToif!

Show more interest in the job!

H

REPETITION DRILL

Repeat the given models, noticing the regular pattern of alternation of stems for all verbs with infini¬ tives ending in -oBaTb or -eBaTb. lesson 20

529

■ QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS

2. She was interested in physics, it seems?

1. Where will you dance?

Yes, and she's still interested in it.

We always dance at the club. r,n,e

OHa, KaaceTca, HHTepecoBanacb (J)H3hkoh?

bli dyaeTe TaHiieBaTb?

a, OHa h cefinac eio HHTepecyeTca.

Mbi Bceraa TaHiiyeM b KJiyde.

Bb'i,

Eae oh 6yAeT TaHueBaTb?

Oh Bcer^a TamiyeT b

KaaceTca, HHTepecoBajracb (J)H3Hkoh?

^a, h h cefinac eio HHTepecyiocb.

KJiy6e.

(tm, oHa, Mbi, ohh, tbor noapyra, stot

(oh, Tbi, ee chh, 3th CTy^eHTbi, ee aonb,

napeHb, CTyaeHTbi)

Tojir, HHHa)

■ TRANSFORMATION DRILLS

2. What would you advise?

1. How do you feel? How did you feel?

What did you advise?

Kaic

Hto Tbi

nocoBeTyeuib?

KaK Bbi ce6a nyBCTBOBajin?

Hto

nocoBeTOBaji?

Kaic

Hto OHa nocoBeTyeT?

Bbi ce6a nyBCTByeTe?

oh ce6a nyBCTByeT?

Tbi

Hto OHa nocoBeTOBajia?

Kan oh ce6a nyBCTBOBaji? (Baiun pouHTejiH, anpeicTop, Barna

(Bpan,

coceaxa,

Bama

Barna

ohh,

Barn

apyr,

ee

noapyra,

po^Hbie, yHHTejibHHua, MaTb,

Baum

Bam

OTeii,

poaHTejra)

MaTb)

■ RESPONSE DRILLS 1.

2. You shouldn't be jealous.

I heard he's going to the kolkhoz. I don't envy him.

Don't be jealous!

A

cjib'imaji, hto oh eaeT b kojixo3.

Bbi He flOJDKHbl 3aBH^OBaTb.

A

eMy He 3aBiiayio.

He 3aBHayiiTe!

Mbi cjibimajiH,

Bbi aonacHbi nocoBeTOBaTb.

hto oh eaeT b kojixo3.

Mbi eMy He 3aBHayeM.

HocoBeTyiiTe!

(cecTpa cjibimajia, pe6«Ta cjibimajiH,

(TaHiieBaTb, sthm HHTepecoBaTbcii,

OHa cjibimajia, ohh cjibimajiH, 6paT

BCeM COBeTOBaTb, 3TO HyBCTBOBaTb,

cjibimaji, a cjibimaji)

eMy nocoBeTOBaTb)

DISCUSSION

Verbs with infinitives containing the suffix

-OBa

or -eaa belong to the first conjugation. All show

a regular and predictable alternation of stems, with the present-future and imperative based on a vari¬ ant of the stem differing from that found in the infinitive and past tense: Compare

infinitive: COBeTOBaTb to advise

with

past: ctmeTOBaji, -a, etc. Compare

imperative: coBeTyft! coBeTyftTe!

infinitive: HOHesaTb to spend the night

present: coBeTyio, coBeTyeuib, etc.

with

present: Honyio, Honyeiiib, etc. imperative: Honyfi! HonyiiTe!

past: HOHesaji, -a, etc.

IIOBTOPEHHE BaHH c Kojieii neabiH a£Hb 6biaH Ha peice. Ohh co6upajiHCb jiobhte phi6y, ho 6hjio thk acapKO, hto BMecTO 3toto ohh peuiHJiH KynaTbca. Ohh npbirajiH

b Boay

npaMO

c

moctb

h

njibuiH k oepery. IIotom ohh HauuiH B03Jie 6epera aoaKy h noKaTajiHCb. Okojio naca hm 3axoTejiocb ecTb, ho ohh HHnero

530

lesson 20

c

co6oh He b3hjih. npHiiiaocb JioBHTb pbi6y. Ohh CH/iejiH ttBa

naca h HHxax He motjih HHnero noiiMaTb. HaxoHep BaHa noHMaji o/piy Gojibmyio pbi6y, a Kojia HBe MajieHbKHx. ,H,py3ba TyT ace cBapHJiH hx h cbejiH. Pbi6a noxa3ajiacb hm oneHb BKycHOH. BaHa Aaace cxa3an, hto HHxorna b acibHH oh He en Taxon BxycHoii pbi6w.

— 3HHa, hto Tbi co6Hpaeuibca jiejiaTb 3aBTpa? — Hnnero ocoGemioro. A noneMy Tbi cnpauiHBaemb? — Mbi 3aBTpa en,eM Ha o3epo Ha pejibra AeHb. Xonernb c hsmh noexaTb? — KoHeHHo. Ecjih bh noHMaeTe mhoto pbi6bi, a CBapib yxy. — Hto 3HaaHT «ecjiH noiiMaeTe»? Kohchho noiiMaeM. Xoaeuib nocnopHM?

— Her, a cnopHTb He xony. A hto a AOJiacHa c co6oh B3HTb? Xjie6a, xojiGacbi? — He 6ecnoKOHca, y Hac Bee ecTb. Ecjih xoneuib, B03bMH xaxyto-HH6y,n,b KHHry. — ^ nocae 3K3aMeHOB Ha xhhth npocTO He Mory CMOTpeTb. Xony ot hhx OT/ioxHyTb. — —

A cjibimaji, hto Bam Aa, Bhth npexpacHO

cbiH

otjihhhhx.

ynHTca. B stom ro,ay xoHnaeT mxojiy.

— A B XaXOH HHCTHTyT OH XOHeT nOCTynHTb? — Oh caM eme He pemHJi. Oh HHTepecyeTca h tcxhhxoh h a3bixaMH. nepeji hhm xopo-

rnee 6y,nymee. — A bot Hauia jioHb Mania He xoneT ynHTbca. —

JXa?

A hto ace OHa xoneT jejiaTb?

— CraTb aceHOH CBoero Myaca h MaTepbio cbohx jieTeH. OHa BbixojiHT 3aMyac.

— Tax —

J\ii.

paHO?

Cpa3y nocae mxojibi?

Mbi eii coBeTOBajiH no,aoac,ziaTb, y3HaTb jiynuie acH3Hb, jnojieii, ho OHa HHnero He

xoneT cjibimaTb, roBopHT:

«A

ero jho6jiio h xony bhhth 3aMyac».

lesson 20

531

LESSON

Cjiynafi

preparation for conversation

mto c

(plus

instr)

Ha

21

6a3ape

what’s the matter with

Hto c bemh?

What’s the matter with you?

B3BOJlHOBaH, -a, -o

upset, excited, agitated

Bbl TaK B3BOJlHOBaHbI.

You’re so upset. market

6a3ap

y \ieHH Ha 6a3ape ynpaJiH neHbrn.

Some money was stolen from me at the market.

/jBazutaTb n«Tb py6jiefi.

Twenty-five rubles.

Ax, Eowe

Oh, my goodness!

moh!

KaK 5Ke 3TO CJiyHHJIOCb?

How in the world did it happen?

c6irrb, coSbioT (pfv i)1 (imper c6efi, c6eHTe!)

to knock off (or down)

MaJIbMHLUKa

little boy; urchin

KaKOH-TO MaJIbMHLUKa c6hJI MeHH C Hor.

Some little brat knocked me off my feet.

KaKOH-TO MajibMHuiKa MyTb He c6hji mchm c Hor.

Some little brat almost knocked me off my feet,

mhmo (plus 6e>KaTb

past, by

gen)

(u-d)

(irreg pres 6ery; 6e>KHiub,

-ht; -hm, —HTe;

6eryT)

KaKOH-TO MajibMHuiKa 6e»aji

mhmo mchm.

/la KaKOH-TO MajibMHuiKa 6e*aji c6hji mchh c

KoiuejieK,

to be running

mhmo,

nyTb He

nearly knocked me off my feet.

Hor.

change purse

-jibKa

A noTOM CMOTpio — b cyMOHKe

Some little brat was running past me. Why, some little brat was running past me and

KouiejibKa

HeT.

And then I look and find my change purse is missing from my bag.

HerojiHH

villain, scoundrel

Bot Hero^aii!

The scoundrel!

Ha/jeiocb, ero nofiMajin?

They caught him, I hope?

1 Starting with this lesson, verbs will be given only in the i where their other forms are not predictable.

itive and the third person plural of the present-future except

B RjiTe.

533

a, cpa3y

Yes, right away.

ace.

“druzhinnik”

^py^CHHHHK

(volunteer

civilian

militia¬

man) /IlpyHCHHHHKH cnpauiHBaiOT, rzie -teiibTH.

The “druzhinniki” ask where the money is.

Oh roBopHT: «He 6paji a hhk3khx tjeHerb

He says, “I didn’t take any money.”

eme 6bi

of course

[jiscobi]

Hy, eme 6bi!

Well, of course he would!

/la pa3Be mohcho eiwy BepHTb?

Can you possibly believe him? to lie, tell lies

BpaTb, BpyT (i)

He’s lying, of course.

Oh BpeT, KOHeHHO.

-a, -o,

yBepeH,

sure, confident

-bi

A a KaK-TO He yBepeHa, hto oh yKpaji.

But I’m somehow not sure he did steal,

Bop, -a; -bi, -6b

thief

noxoacHH (noxo>K)

like, similar

noxox Ha (plus acc)

to look like, resemble

Oh He noxoac Ha sopa.

He doesn’t look like a thief.

Tor/ra r^e ace Baum .zxeiibrH?

Then where is your money? everywhere

BCiofly Bbi Bcio^y HCKajiH?

Have you looked everywhere?

Bbi CMOTpejiH b KapMaHax?

Have you looked in your pockets? hole

flbipKa IloflOHCflHTe! jaK „ £CXb: 3aecb b KapMane

Wait! That’s it; there’s a hole in my pocket here,

AbipKa. lining

noflKJia^Ka A bot h KomejieK 3a noflKJiaAKofi! cjiaBa cjiaBa

And here’s the change purse in the lining. glory, praise

Bory

thank goodness

Hy, cjiaBa Bory!

Well, thank goodness!

KOHHaTbea, KOHHaHDTCH (i) «Bce xopouio,

HTO

xopomo

KOHHaeTCH».

to end, to be finished; to be running out of “All’s well that ends well.”

MajTbHHK

boy

Ge^HbiH

poor

Be nibiii MajibHiik!

The poor boy!

BHHOBaTblH (BHHOBaT)

guilty, to blame, at fault

Bee a BHHOBaTa (f speaker)

it’s all my fault (or I’ve been to blame all along)

A Bee n BHHOBaTa! MHJIHUHa

Ceimac ace no3BOHio b mhjihlhiio. OTnycTHTb (pfv n), OTnymy, OTnycTHT

i\

n03B0HK)

534

B MHJIHHHK), HTOfibl efO OTnyCTHJIH.

lesson 21

And it’s all my fault! police, militia I’ll call the police right away. to let go, dismiss, release I’ll call the police so he’ll be released.

SUPPLEMENT a.eBOHKa

girl, young girl

eme MaireHbKaa aeBonica.

She’s still a little girl.

inal numbers from first through fortieth. nepBbifi

first

ABeHaauaTbiH

twelfth

BTOpOH

second

TpHHaauaTbiH

thirteenth

TpeTHH, TpeTbH, -e

third

HeTbipHaauaTbiH

fourteenth

HeTBepTblH

fourth

naTHamaTbiH

naTbiii

fifth

mecTHaauaTbifi

mecTOH

sixth

ceMHaaitaTbiH

seventeenth

CeflbMOH

seventh

BoceMHaauaTbiH

eighteenth

BOCbMOH

eighth

fleBaTHaauaTbiii

nineteenth

aeBBTblH

ninth

ABaaitaTbiH

twentieth

tenth

TpHaaaTbiH

thirtieth

eleventh

COpOKOBOH

fortieth

ttecaTbiH oaHHHaauaTbm

[aqlmatcotij]

fifteenth [sisnatcatij]

sixteenth

CjiynaH Ha 6a3ape H. H. — Hpima HBaHOBHa

Jl. n. — JIio66Bb IleTpoBHa

H. H.

1 HtO C BaMH? Bbl TaK B3BOJIHOBaHbI.

JT. n.

2 Y MeHa Ha 6a3ape yicpajiH umbra.1 ^Ba^paTb naTb py6jieit.

H. H.

3 Ax, Eoace moh! Kaic ace sto cjryHHjiocb?

JI. n.

4 /Ja KaKOH-TO MajibHHiuica 6eacaji mhmo, nyrb He c6hji MeHa c hot.2 A noTOM cmoTpio — b cyMOHKe Komejibica HeT.

M. H.

5 Bot Hero^M! Ha^etocb, ero noiiMajiH?

JT. TI.

6 Ha, cpa3y ace. /JpyacHHHHKH cnpautHBatOT, me .zteHbra, a oh tobopht: «He 6paji a HHKaKHx zieHer».3

H. H.

7 Hy, eme 6bi! Ha pa3Be Moamo eivty

JT. IT.

8 A a Kax-To He yBepeHa, hto oh yicpaji. He noxoac oh Ha Bopa.

H. TT.

9 Toma me ace Baiun ,o,eHbra? Bb'i Bcfimy HCKajiH? B KapMaHax CMorpenH?

BepHTb?

BpeT, kohchho.

JT. n. 10 no^oacHHTe! Tax h ecTb: 3necb b KapM&He abipica. A bot h Komejieic 3a noHKJiankoh! H. M. 11 Hy, caaBa Eory! «Bce xoporno, JT.

n.

hto

xoporno KOHHaeTca».

12 Be^HbiH MajibHHic! A Bee a BHHOBaTa! CeiiHac ace no3BOHio b mhjihhhio, hto6m ero OTnyCTHJIH.4

notes

1 Ba3ap is an outdoor market comparable to what we generally call farmers' markets. After their assigned quota has been delivered to the government, the collec¬ tive farmers are allowed to sell the remaining produce in the free market, setting their own prices. lesson

21

535

2 MajibiHK is the usual word for boy, MajibHHuiKa is a variant showing a more emotional attitude on the part of the speaker. In this Conversation, MajibHHuiKa is used in a derogatory way, but the word can be used without any sense of disapproval. 3 The apyjKHHHHKH are civilian volunteer militiamen, often members of the Young Communist Organization (Komsomol), who patrol the streets and make the rounds of clubs, restaurants, and bars trying to check the hooliganism or disorderliness resulting from too much drinking. There are mixed feelings about the ApyJKHHhhkh

because they are often overzealous, breaking up rock-and-roll parties and dances

and attacking the

CTHJiarH,

the young non-conformists who are considered too cosmo¬

politan in their dress and tastes to suit the government. 4 After the Revolution, the Soviets adopted the word mhjihuhh for police, limiting the meaning of the old word, nojiHunn, to foreign police only. The functions of the MMJiHijHfl are similar to those of our police.

PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION COCTaBHTb, COCTaBHT

(pfv

B

II)

to compile, draw up, put together

npOTOKOJI

report of proceedings, minutes

COCTaBHTb npOTOKOJI

to get the facts on record

Hy, cefinac coct3bhm npOTOKOJI.

Well, now let’s get the facts on record.

Kan Te6n 30ByT?

What's your name?

HHKOJiafi BepCBKHH.

Nikolay Veryovkin.

poflHTbca, po^htch (pfv ii) (past poahjich,

to be born

pOAHJiaCb, —JIHCb)1

Kor.ua Tbi po^HJiCH?

When were you born?

aBrycT

August

ABajmaTb BOCbMoro

on the twenty-eighth

miTbflecHT nepBoro rona

[of] the fifty-first year

/jBa^uaTb BOCbMoro aBrycTa nHTb^ecHT

On the twenty-eighth of August, ’51.

nepBoro ro^a. T,ue Tbi jKHBeuib?

Where do you live?

Ha

On Herzen Street,

yjiHire TepueHa.

mecTb^ecBT

sixty

flOM HOMep

number (of a building)

Ha yjiHue TepueHa. /Jom HOMep uiecTbAecHT,

On Herzen Street, number 60, apartment 7.

KBapTiipa ceMb.

TaK. T^e Tbi yHHuibCH? ceMb^ecBT

seventy

B ceMbAecHT TpeTbeii uiKOJie.

KJiacc

9L

b

All right. Where do you go to school?

At school 73. (Lit. At the seventy-third school.) class, classroom, grade

uiecTOM KJiacce.

I’m in the sixth grade.

1 The past tense may also be stressed po/jh-fich, poaHJiacb, and po,UHjincb.

536

LESSON

21

A noneMy Tbi He b uiKOJie? A noneMy Tbi He b uiKOJie? CeroAHH Be^b cy66oTa. Hto Tbi Ha 6a3ape aejiaji.

And why aren’t you in school? And why aren’t you in school? After all, today is Saturday. What were you doing at the market?

npo,ayKT

MaTb nocjiajia MeHH 3a npoflyKTaMH.

product; produce; (pi) food, groceries My mother sent me to get groceries.

OHa JieacHT 6ojibiiaa.

She’s sick in bed. {Lit. She’s lying ill.)

Jlynuie He epir!

Better not lie!

ToBopii npaB/jy!

Tell the truth!

(3bohht TejieiJioH.)

(The phone rings.)

HaiiTHCb, HaflayTca (pfv i)

to turn up, be found Hello. Ah, it’s been found.

Ciyuiaio. Ara, nam.iiicb. napeHeK, -HbKa

Hy, napeHeK, Bee b nopaAKe, AeHbrn HauiJiHCb. MoAClIIb HATH.

lad, my boy Well, my boy, everything’s all right; the money’s been found. You can go.

SUPPLEMENT

Cardinal and ordinal numbers from fifty to one hundred. naTbAecaT

[pihh. —

When do your classes end?

pBappaTb

socbMoro

At the end of May, on the twenty-eighth.

HHCJia.

— JlpappaTb BoebMoro Maa.

On May twenty-eighth.

When will you be in the U.S.A.?

11. Korpa Bbi bypeTe b CIUA? — B ceHTaOpe Mecape.

In the month of September.

— B aBrycTe_

_of August.

— B Mae_

_of May.

— B Hiojie_

_of July.

12. C Kaicoro HHCJia HaaHHaioTca KaHHKyjibi?

On what date does vacation begin?

— C BoceMHappaToro peKabpa.

On the eighteenth of December.

— C peBHTHappaToro_

_ nineteenth _

— C pBappaToro_

_twentieth_

— C

_twenty-first_

pBappaTb

nepBoro_

13. Kax pojiro nponojiacaioTca

KaHHKyjibi?

— Ot mecTHappaToro peKabpa no

How long does the vacation last? From December 16 to January 3.

TpeTbero aHBapa.

— Ot BoceMHanuaToro peKabpa no

From December 18 to January 5.

naToro aHBapa. — C neBaTHanuaToro peKa6pa no

From December 19 through January 6.

rnecToe aHBapa. — C pBappaToro peKa6pa no BocbMoe

From December 20 through January 8.

aHBapa.

14. Tne Bbi a6kh?

_skirts_?

-py6auiKH?

_shirts_?

17. 3to t4k He flejiaeTca.

It isn’t done that way.

-nHuieTca.

_written_

- HHTaeTCH.

_read_

_ TOBOpHTCH.

_said_

18. Korfla HaHHHaeTca ypoK?

When does the lesson begin?

_HanHeTca_?

_will_?

-Hanajica_?

_did_?

- KOHHaeTCH_?

_does_end?

_ KOHHHTCfl_?

_will_?

_ KOHHHJICB_?

_did_?

19. Mara3HH oncpbiBaerca nepe3 nac.

The store opens in an hour.

_ oTKpoeTca _

_will open_

_ 3aKpbiBaeTca_

_ closes_

_ 3aKpoeTca_

_will close_

20. TaM cTpoHTca HOBoe o6me)KHTHe.

A new dorm is being built there.

_ CTpOHJTOCb_

_was__

_SyneT cTpoHTbca_

_will be_

21. Mbi BCTpenajiHCb Ha MOCTy.

We used to meet on the bridge.

_BCTpenaeMca_

We meet on the bridge.

_ BCTpeTHJIHCb_

We met-

_ BCTpeTHMCa_

We’ll meet_

_6yneM BCTpenaTbca_

We’ll meet_

22. Mbi npomanHCb c apy3baMH.

We were saying good-bye to our friends.

Mbi He SyaeM npomaTbca.

We won’t say good-bye.

Mbi yBHHHMca 3aBTpa.

We’ll see each other tomorrow.

Mbi ziaBHo He BHaejiHCb.

We haven’t seen each other for a long time.

Mbi nacTO bhhhmcb.

We often see each other.

Pronunciation practice: clusters of two consonants with

b

as the second element

A. Consonant cluster tb pronounced [tv], [ty] or [tf]. 1. Initial position [tvarog]

TBopor

cottage cheese [tvorcistva]

[ty6rd3§[]

TBep,qocTb

hardness

TBopnecTBO

creativity lesson 21

541

2. Medial position [atvaj4]

[atyet]

OTBOpHTb

otbct

answer

to open [natvoj]

Ha tboh

onto your 3. Final position: [majitf]

tb

pronounced [tf]

mojihtb

kjibtb

of oaths

of prayers [bfltf]

[kjatf]

6pHTB

of razors

B. Consonant cluster ab pronounced [dv] or [dy]. 1. Initial position [dvux]

[dyinu^]

n,Byx

to move

of two [dye]

ABHHyTb

ABe

two (f) 2. Medial position [nadvor]

Ha ABop

HaABHHyTb

to move over

outdoors [rpidye^

[nadyinu^]

MeABeAb

bear

STRUCTURE AND DRILLS

Months, dates, and ordinal numbers MODELS Kaxoe ceroAHfl

hhcjio?

What’s the date today?

— Cero^HH nepBoe OKTabpa.

It’s the first of October today.

_BTopoe_

_second_

_ TpeTbe _

_third_

Bnepa 6b'uio ABaAuaToe Hoa6pa.

Yesterday was November twentieth.

_neanuaTb nepBoe.

_twenty-first

_TpHzmaToe HOfl6pa.

_thirtieth.

Kor^a 3to cnyHHJiocb?

When did it happen?

— MeTBepToro aBrycia.

On the fourth of August.

— FlHToro_

_fifth_

— IIIecToro_

_sixth_

— ^BafluaToro_

_twentieth_

—

_twenty-seventh_

542

ceAbMoro_ lesson

21

Koma ohh npHeayT?

When will they arrive?

— B cpeay, ceflbMoro Man.

On Wednesday, May seventh.

- BOCbMOrO_

_ eighth.

_ fleBBToro_

_ ninth.

_ AecaToro_

_ tenth.

KaKoro HHCJia

On what date do you leave?

Bbi

ye3axe Bbi ee noiiMaAH? — TyT Ha xaMHHx. Mbi chacah, OTAbixaAH, a OHa memo noA3Aa. 3to mm y>xe TpeTbio noHMaAH. Ohh TyT b BeApe. Bot, CMOTpHTe.

1 Continue in sequence until from the ninth through the thirteenth (c 3-bero no 13-oe-c 9-ro no 19-oe). 2 Continue in sequence until from the tenth (c 3-bero-c 10-ro).

550

LESSON 21

— Bbi hx np^MO pyKaMH jioBHTe? — HeT, y Hac ecTb TaKaa napxa, hto6l.i 3m6h jiobhtb. noica^KH, Kopp. — Bot OHa. noxojxa Ha BHPxy. — A hto Bbi co6HpaeTecb pepaTb c BauiHMH 3mchmh?

— IIpHHeceM b Kjiacc h noica>KeM yHHTejno. — 3to xopomaa Mbicjib. —

Korpa

y

eac

b

njKOjie KOHPaioTca 3aH«THH?

— B Hanajie mkjhji, 4-ro nncjia. IIotom y Hac xaHHKypbi TpM Mecapa: HKDHb, mojib, aBrycT. — A Korpa onflTb b uiKOJiy? — 1-ro ceHTflSpJi. — Hy, a 3hmoh? T6)xe ecTb xaHHKypbi? — Kohchho, b pexa6pe Mecape. — C Kaxoro nncjia? C 24-ro? — HeT, c pBappaToro peKa6pp no 2-oe PHBapfl. Ha Gasape Bcerpa mhoto piopeH, ho ocoGchho no BOCKpeceHbaM. Kojixo3hhkh npopatoT CBe^He npopyKTbi. y hhx noxynaioT mojioko, Macjio, xapTOLUKy h ppyrne npopyKTbi. Xotp Bee y hhx poporoe, ho ropa3po Jiynuie, hGm b Mara3HHax. A Ha TOPKyHKe b 3th phh piopeH eipe 6ojibme. TaM mo>kho Bee HaiiTH: h nopepjxaHHbie BeipH, h HOBbie xocTfOMbi, npaTbji, pyGaniKH, io6kh, h aMepHKaHCKHe njiacraHKH, h crapbie pyccKHe hkohm, h pacbi, h maxMaTbi, h khhth, h KapTHHbi. Ha Ga3ape ecTb Bee. EcTb h Bopbi. Ha 6a3ape Hy>KHO GbiTb ocTopoxHbiM, xopouio npaTaTb peHbra, a to yxpapyT. B 1952-om ropy HHxopaH okohhhp mKOJiy h nocrynHP b MHCTHTyr. TaM oh yHHPca naTb peT h b 1957-om ropy crap HH>xeHepOM. Oh cnepnaPHCT no moctom h poporaM. B 58-om ropy paGoTap B03Pe .Bpra, c 59-ro no 60-bifi Gbip Hepapexo ot BpapHBOCTOKa. JleTOM 61-ro ropa oh e3PHP b C11IA c rpynnoH HHHceHepOB nocMOTpeTb, icax CTpoaT moctm h popora b AMepHKe.

lesson

21

551

LESSON

PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION

KaTOK,

-TKa

Ha

KaTKe

skating rink

Hy bot, Mbi h Ha KaTKe.

Well, here we are at the skating rink,

KOHeK, -HbKa

skate, ice-skate

KaTaTbca Ha KOHbKax

to skate

Tbi xopoiuo Ha KOHbKax KaTaeuibcn? r^e TaM

Are you a good skater? far from it! (or go on!)

Tae TaM!

Far from it!

mar (pi marft)

step, stride, pace

Ha KaxcqoM rnary

with every step, at every turn

najiaTb, na^aioT (i)

•

na^aio Ha Ka*aoM uiary.

to fall 1 fall with every step.

BbipaCTH, BbipaCTyT (pfv i)

to grow up

tor

south

Bezib A Ha lore

22

Bbipocjia.

Mope, -a; -A, -eft

I grew up in the south, after all. sea

Beflb A Ha lore Bbipocjia, Ha 6epery Hepnoro

I grew up in the south, on the Black Sea coast.

Mopfl. north

ceBep

A h c ceBepa.

And I’m from the north, ice

Jie^, Jib,qa H,

M05KHO CKa3aTb, Ha

JIbfly BbipOC.

HeBaxKHIUb?

_are you_?

- OH 6e)KHT?

-is he _?

_ohh 6eryT?

_are they_?

A

I’m running to the post office.

6ery Ha noHTy.

Oh4 bo3ht fleTefi b uiKOJiy.

She drives the children to school.

A A

Bo»cy actch b uiKOJiy.

I drive_

Bcerjia bo3hji actch b uiKOJiy.

I always drove_

A

Be3y po^HTejreH Ha BOK3a;i.

I’m taking (or driving) my parents to the station.

18.

6h Be3eT _

He’s taking his_

Oh Be3_

He was taking his _

Mb'l Be3JlH_

We were taking our_

Be3HTe___

Take your _

Ca^HTecb,

A

Bac noBe3y aomoh.

Get in (the car); I’ll drive you home.

- Mbi Bac noBe3eM_

- we’ll drive-

- My>K Bac noBe3eT_

_ my husband will drive _

19. Oh noBe3 Harnero coceAa Ha aaponopT.

He drove our neighbor to the airport.

OHa noBe3Jia_

She drove_

Ohh noBe3JiH_

They drove_

Hto 5to Tbi Hecenib?

What’s that you’re carrying?

20.

—

A

Hecy cyn coceAKe.

Hto cjiyHHirocb? —

21.

A

Hec nah h ynaji.

I’m taking soup to my neighbor. What happened? I was carrying the tea and fell.

Hto c Heii cjryHHAOCb?

What happened to her?

— OHa Hecjia CTaKaHbi h ynajra.

She was carrying glasses and fell.

A

I’ll take these things upstairs.

noHecy 5th bcihh HaBepx.

_ noBe3y Bac Ha BOK3aji.

_you to the station.

_ noBeAy AeTeii b napx.

_the children to the park.

22. OHa HaM hocht mojioko. _

A

HOCHJia MOJIOKO.

He Homy c co6oh AeHer.

23. OTKyAa Bbi, c ceBepa?

— HeT, a c ibra. —

A

Bbipoc Ha tore.

She brings us milk. _used to bringI don’t carry any money with me. Where are you from— the north? No, I’m from the south. I grew up in the south.

OTKyAa Bbi, c ibra?

Where are you from— the south?

— HeT, A c ceBepa.

No, I’m from the north.

— A Bbipoc Ha ceBepe.

I grew up in the north.

24. 3to Aepeao pacTeT y Hac Ha BocTOKe.

That tree grows in our east.

__ Ha 3anaAe.

_ our west.

_ Ha ceBepe.

_ our north.

_Ha tore.

_our south.

25. 3tot noe3A npHiueji c BOCTOKa.

That train came from the east.

_c 3anaAa.

_the west.

_c ibra.

_the south.

_c ceBepa.

_the north. lesson

22

561

Pronunciation practice: consonant clusters 3B, cb, and ub A. Consonant cluster 3B pronounced [zv] or [?y]. 1. Initial position [zVOpi|]

3BOHHTb

to ring, phone [^yef]

[^yizda]

3Be3Zia

star

3Bepb

beast 2. Medial position [sazvucija]

C03ByHne

[pazyalpvat.]

no3B»KHBaTb

tinkle

accord [vizvapivayl

Bbi3BaHHBaTb

to ring out B. Consonant cluster cb pronounced [sv] or [§y]. 1. Initial position [svuzam]

c By30M

cBa3b

connection

with college [§yet]

[§ya§]

CBeT

light 2. Medial position [asvabaKeHinHHa. OHa TaK KpacHBa.

(3tIOpOBbIH, 6ojIbHOH, OCTOpOJKHblH,

(ao6paa, 6oabHaa, HecnacTHaa, rjiynan,

Cepbe3HbIH, 3aHHTOH)

yMHaa)

1 The short forms MaJi, Ma.ua, Majio, Majib'i usually mean too smalt. 2 Similarly, the short forms bcjihk, BenMKa, bcjihko, and bcjihkh usually mean too large, too big. lesson 22

563

■ QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS

2. Didn't the glass break?

1. Isn't this room too big? Yes, it's too big for me.

No, it's in one piece.

3ra KOMHaTa He cjihuikom 6ojibmaa?

CraKaH He pa36iuicfl?

a, OHa

HeT,

MeHH bl. ihkh.

ueji.

oh

3tot ctoji He cjihlukom 6oju>lu6h?

MauiKa He pa36iuiacb?

Jla,

HeT, OHa uejia.

OH flJIH MeHH BejIHK.

(leMonaH, cyMKa, uiKacJ), KOHbKH,

(cTaKaHbi, njiacTHHKa, nauiKH,

MaiuHHa, nacbi)

npoHrpbiBaTejib, uacbi, TejiecjioH)

DISCUSSION

Short-form adjectives are formed from the adjective stem: masculines have a zero ending (often with an inserted vowel between the last two consonants of the stem), feminines have the ending -a, neuters -o, and plurals -w. After

k,

r,

x, hi,

ac, h, and m, the plural ending is spelled

-h.

The short-form adjectives are only used in the nominative, and are limited to use in the predicate. They agree with their subject in gender and number. The number of adjectives that can be used in the short form is rather restricted. In some instances their use is poetic or old-fashioned; in others, the short form has a slightly different meaning than the long form:

The adjectives and

MaJibiii

Compare

xopoumn

with

xopoiu,

Compare

3HaKOMbiii

familiar

with

3HHKOM, -a, -o, -bl

acquainted

6ojh>ui6h

-a,

good, fine pretty, beautiful

-6, -h

and MajieHbKHH have short forms based on the adjectives

bcjihkhh

great

smalt. The short forms usually denote an excess of the quality: Compare

6ojibiu6ii

big, large

with

BejiHK, -a, -6, -h

big, large, too large

Compare

MajieHbKHH

little, small

with

Maji, -a, -6, -bi

little, small, too small

3Ta KOMHaTa ajih Bac Maua. When adjectives are used in conjunction with

This room is too small for you. TaKofi,

KaKoii,

TaK,

and

KaK,

note that TaKOH and

KaKoii must be used with the long-form adjectives, and TaK and KaK with the short-form adjectives: Compare

(5h TaKOH 3aHHT0H.

with

Oh TaK 3aHHT.

Compare ... with

KaKaa OHa KpacHBaa! wy.. , . ,

He’s so busy.

KaK OHa KpacuBa!

How pretty she is! ^

J

The short-form adjective often denotes a more temporary quality than the long-form adjective. Compare

Oh

6ojieH.

He’s sick.

with

Oh

6ojibHou nejioBeK.

He’s a sickly person.

In the list below, note that the stress of the short form may not only differ from that of the long form, but that variations in stress position often exist within the four short forms. In most instances the feminine ending carries the stress and contrasts with the other forms in its place of stress. Occasionally, however, more than one stress possibility exists, as in and kopotkh (or indicated parenthetically. kopotko),

564

LESSON 22

KopoTKH, kopotkh),

kopotok

{or

kopotok), kopotko

(or

kopotko,

where some of the alternate stress possibilities have been

6e3ayuiHbiH

6e3aymeH, -nma, -o, -bi

MOJIOaOH

MOJTOa, -a, -0, -bi

6J1H3KHH

6j[H30K, 6jIH3Ka, -O, -H

HeCHMnaTHHHblM

HecHMnaTHneH, —HHa, -o, -bi

GoJIbHOH

6oaeH, SojibHa, -o, -bi

OCTOpOJKHblii

OCTOpO)KeH,

BavKiibiit

Ba^ceH, Ba»(Ha, -o, -bi

noJiHbiii

nonoH, norma, -o (-6), -bi (-bi)

BeceJibiii

Beceji, -a, -o, -bi

npocToii

npocT, -a, -o, -bi

rojioaHbiii

rojioaeH, -a, -o, -bi (-bi)

nycTofi

nycT, -a, -o-, -bi

rjiynbiii

rjiyn, -a, -o, -bi

CBo66aHbifi

cBo6oaeH, cBo6oaHa, -o, -bi

roTOBbiii

roTOB, -a, -o, -bi

cepbe3Hbiii

cepbe3eH, -3Ha, -o, -bi

aoSpbiH

ao6p, -a, -o, -bi (-bi)

CriOKOHHblH

cnoKoeH, cnoKoiiHa, -o, -bi

aoporoi!

aopor, -a, -o, -h

CTapblH

CTap, -a, -o, -bi

3aOpOBbIH

3aopoB, -a, -o, -bi

yMHblH

yMeH, yMHa, -o (-6), -bi (-bi)

KOpOTKHH

KOpOTOK, -TKa, -O, (-6),

XOJIOaHblH

xonoaeH, -aHa, -o, -bi (-bi)

KpaCMBblH

KpacuB, -a, -o, -bi

IKII.IM

nen, -a, -o, -bi

Mii.ibiii

mhji, -a, -O, -bi

-H (-«)

—IKHSL,

-O, -bi

Intransitive verbs of motion with paired imperfectives: multidirectional (m-d) versus unidirectional (u-d) imperfectives Most of the simple verbs of motion have both a multidirectional imperfective and a unidirectional imperfective. In this section we treat only the intransitive ones, that is, those which do not take a direct object. In the sets below we give first the multidirectional imperfective, then the unidirectional imper¬ fective. Note that the single corresponding perfective is always formed from the unidirectional imper¬ fective by means of the prefix no-.

MODELS 1.

ipfv

A A A

xozjHTb

naptc

xoMy b

nay

b

nonay

and

h^th ;

pfv

iiohth

to go (on foot)

Kaxcabin aeHb.

napK. b

napx.

I go to the park every day. I’m going (or I’m on my way) to the park. I’ll go to the park.

2. ipfv e3awTb and exaTb; pfv noexaTb to go (by vehicle)

A A

nacTo e3>Ky k Mopio.

I often drive to the seashore.

eay k Mopio.

I’m going (or I’m on my way) to the seashore.

3aBTpa a noeay b ropbi.

Tomorrow I’ll drive to the mountains.

3. ipfv JieTaTb and JiereTb; pfv nojiereTb to fly

A A

HHoraa JieTaro b KneB.

I sometimes fly to Kiev.

jieHy b KneB.

I’m flying (or I’m on my way) to Kiev. Where will you fly—to Gorky?

Kyaa Bbi noneTHTe, b rdpbKHH?

4. ipfv njiaBaTb and njibiTb; pfv nonjib'iTb to swi n Bbi xopoiuo nnaBaeTe.

You’re a good swimmer or You swim well.

Kyaa njibiBeT Yra noaxa?

Where is that boat sailing to?

flonjibiBeM Ha apyrofi 6eper pexfi.

Let’s swim to the other side of the river.

5. ipfv 6eraTb and 6e>KaTb; pfv noGeacaTb to run 6eraK)T no caay.

The children run around in the garden.

Kojih 6e>KHT b niKO-ny.

Kolya’s running to school.

Koaa no6eaKHT aomoh.

Aoaro njiaBaa BOKpyr aoakh.

Tenepb h njibiBy k 6epery. (Mbi, napHH, AeByuiKa, pe6aTa, MajibHHK, TaMapa)

A

Bee yTpo 6eraA no Mara3HHaM.

Tenepb h 6ery aomoh. (mm, TaMapa, coceAKa, Bbi, noApyrn, a)

DISCUSSION

Like the paired “going” verbs xoAHTb, hath and e3AHTb, exaTb, other verbs of motion, for example swimming, flying, and running also come in pairs with double imperfectives. The multidirectional imperfectives njiasaTb, jieTaTb, and 6eraTb are used to describe movement in more than one direction; the unidirectional imperfectives njibiTb, jieTeTb, and 6eacaTb are used to describe movement in one direc¬ tion, that is, with a single goal. 566

lesson 22

The multidirectional imperfective may describe the activity in general terms, movement in several directions without a specific goal, or one or more round trips to a single destination: Bbi jiK>6HTe njiaBaTb?

Do you like to swim? (general activity)

Mbi aonro iuiaBajiu BOKpyr jioakh.

We swam around the boat for a long time. (motion in several directions)

Bnepa Mbi jieTajiu b TopbKHH.

We flew to Gorky yesterday [and returned].

Bbi aacTO Tyaa jieTaeTe?

Do you often fly there? (more than one round

(single round trip) trip) The unidirectional imperfective describes motion directed toward a single goal, either in process or contemplated for the near future: Kyaa Tbi njibiBeuib?

Where are you swimming to? (action in process in present)

Koraa OHa 6e5Kana aepe3 yimuy, y Hee ynana cyMoaica.

As she was running across the street her purse fell, (action in process in past)

3aBTpa A jieay b KfieB.

Tomorrow I’m flying to Kiev, (contemplated action)

The basic perfective for these verbs is formed by means of the prefix no- which is added to the uni¬ directional imperfective form: nonjib'iTb, noaeTeTb, noflewaTb. IlonjibiBeM Ha apyrofi 6eper.

Let’s swim to the other bank.

3aBTpa A noneay b MocKBy.

Tomorrow I’ll fly to Moscow.

Oh4 nobeacajia 3a ra3eTofi.

She ran to get the paper.

Transitive verbs of motion with paired imperfectives: multidirectional versus unidirectional verbs of taking A few verbs of motion with paired imperfectives are transitive verbs. These are the verbs of taking, that is, carrying, transporting, and leading.

In the sets below we give first the multidirectional imper¬

fective, then the unidirectional imperfective, followed by the single perfective. MODELS

1. ipfv HOCMTb and hccth ; pfv noHecTH to carry, take (on foot) Bbi Bceraa HOCHTe c co6ofi KHfirH?

Do you always carry your books with you?

Kyaa Bbi HeceTe 3th Bemu?

Where are you taking those things?

A

I’ll take the baby upstairs.

noHecy pe6eHKa HaBepx.

OHa noHecna pebeHKa HaBepx.

She took the baby upstairs.

2. ipfv B03HTb and Be3TM; pfv noBe3TH to transport, haul, take (by vehicle) Once a week they haul (or take) potatoes to Pa3 b Heaejno ohh bo3bt Ha 6a3ap KapTomKy. the market. Be3HTe Hac Ha aaponopT.

Drive (or take) us to the airport.

A

I’ll take (or drive) you there.

noBe3y Bac Ty^a.

Oh

noBe3

fix

Ha BOK3an.

He took them to the station.

3. ipfv BOZtHTb and Becrfi; pfv noBecTH to lead, conduct, take (usually on foot) Oh boaht TypficTOB no Koaxo3y.

He conducts tourists around the kolkhoz.

OHa BeaeT aeTefi b napx.

She’s taking the children to the park.

Oh Beji_-

He was taking-

A

m ta^e ——-

noBeay-

lesson 22

567

■ STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS

1. Yesterday Mother took the children to see the

2. He drives (or takes) tourists around town.

doctor. Mother will take the children to see the doctor

He's driving (or taking) the tourists into town.

today. Baepa MaTb

Oh Be3eT TypHCTOB b ropoA. BOAHAa ^eTeft k Bpaay.

Cero^HH MaTb noBe/ieT ^eTeft k Bpaay.

Oh bo3ht TypHCTOB no ropOAy. Mbl B03HM TypHCTOB no TOpOAy. Mbi

Be3eM TypHCTOB b ropoA.

Baepa a boaha AeTeii k Bpaay.

(a, mocjiep, ohh, coceA, bm, cexpeTapb,

Cero^HH a noBe^y AeTefi k Bpaay.

Tbl)

(oTeu, pouHTejiH, mh, coce^Ka, oh, 6a6yniKa, bm, 3HaKOMbie)

■ QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS

1. Did you take them to the meat packing plant?

2. Who'll take the child to the garden—Grand¬ mother?

No, well take them today. Bbl B03HAH HX Ha M3COKOM6HHaT?

Yes, she always takes him.

Her, ceroAHH noBe3eM.

Kto noBeAeT pe6eHKa b caA, 6a6yuiKa?

HHaceHepbl B03HAH HX Ha MHCOKOM6HHaT?

25a, OHa BeAb BcerAa ero boaht.

HeT, ceronHH noBe3yT.

Kto noBeAeT pe6eHKa b caA, a?

(th, yHHTejibHHua, Apy3ba, TOBapHm II,apanKHH,

jya, Tbi BeAb

pa6oaHe)

bm,

(MaTb,

3. How does he manage (lit. live)? He takes things to the flea market and sells

bm, cecTpbi,

Tbi,

6paT, mm, otch)

4. Where are you going? We're taking some records to the recreation

them.

room. KyAa bm HAeTe?

Kaic oh acHBeT?

Hocht Ha

BcerAa ero boahuh..

TOJiKyHKy

bcliim h

npoaaeT.

Mbi HeceM njiacTHHKH b Kpaciibili

Kax bm acHBeTe?

KyAa OHa hact?

Hochm Ha TOJiKyHKy bcuih h npoAaeM.

OHa HeceT n.iacTHHKH

(Tbl,

(OHa, Tbl, a, OHH, BM, OH, Mbl)

5. Do you work as a driver? Yes, I haul boards and other materials.

b

yroAOK.

Kpaciibm yrojiOK.

OH, OHH, OHa)

6. Where did he go? He took his relatives to the airport.

Tb'i pa66Taeuib mo(J)epoM?

KyAa oh noexaA?

^a, a Boacy aockh h Apyrne viaiepiia.ibi.

Oh noBe3 poactbchhhkob Ha aaponopT.

Bbi pa6oTaeTe mo(J)epaMH?

KyAa ohh noexaAH?

Ra, Mbi bo3hm aockh h Apyrne MaTepnajibi.

Ohh noBe3Jiii poactbchhhkob Ha aaponopT.

(TBOH 3HaKOMbIH, 3TH fleByiHKH, Tbl,

(ohh, coceAH, OTeu, cecTpa, cexpeTapb,

3tot napeHb, bm, 3Ta aceHiiiHHa)

noApyrn)

■ RESPONSE DRILLS

1. Sister went to visit her neighbors.

2. I drew up a plan.

She took them a present.

I'll take it and show it to the director.

CecTpa nouuia

A COCTaBHA nnaH.

k

coceAaM.

OHa noHecjia hm noAapoK.

A

BpaT nomeji k coceAaM.

Mbi cocTaBHAH nnaH.

Oh noHec hm noAapoK.

Mbi

568

noHecy ero noKa3aTb AHpeKTopy.

noHeceM ero iiOKa3aTb AwpeKTopy,

(AeByuiKH, CTyAeHT, Apy3ba, neBHpa,

(TexHHK, HHaceHepbi, tbi, AcsyuiKH, bm,

HHaceHep, acth)

cexpeTapb, a)

lesson

22

DISCUSSION

A few motion verbs, with double imperfectives, are transitive verbs which take a direct object in the accusative. Of these the most important are the verbs of “taking”, such as hochtb and Hecxfi carrying, B03HXb and Be3xfi transporting or hauling, and bouhtb and Becxfi leading. As with other verbs of motion, the multidirectional imperfectives are used to describe movement in more than one direction, and the unidirectional imperfectives are used to describe movement in one direction with a single goal. 1. The multidirectional imperfective is used to describe the activity in general terms, movement in several directions without a specific goal, or one or more round trips to a single destination:

A He JIIoGjIK) HOCIlTb MHOrO KHHr.

I don’t like carrying lots of books, (general activity)

OHa flojiro Hocfijia pe6eHica no KOMHaTe.

She carried the baby around the room for a long time, (motion in various directions)

j^npexxop boahji HH)KeHepoB no BceMy

The director took the engineers all around the plant, (motion in various directions)

3aBOAy.

Oh Buepa bo3hji MaTb k cnepHajificTy.

He took his mother to a specialist yesterday, (single round trip) He often drove them to the country, (repeated

Oh uacTo bo3hji fix 3a ropou,.

round trips) 2. The unidirectional imperfective is used when the movement is directed toward a single goal and is either in process or contemplated for the near future: She’s taking the children to the park, (action in

OHa BeneT AeTefi b napic.

process in present) OHa Bejia fix b napic, Kaic BApyr ynana h uyTb

She was taking them to the park when she sud¬ denly fell and almost broke her leg. (action in

He cjioMana Hory.

process in past) 3a.BTpa OHa Be3eT Hac Ha 03epo.

She’s driving us to the lake tomorrow, (contem¬ plated action)

The basic perfective for these verbs is formed by means of the prefix no- which is added to the uni¬ directional imperfective form: noHecxfi, noBe3xfi, noBecxfi. 6h noBejr neTefi b napic.

He’s taken the children to the park.

OHa noBeuex fix b cap.

She’ll take them to the garden.

Oh

He’s taken his parents to the station,

A

noBe3

noBe3y

poflfixejiefi fix

Ha BOK3aji.

Ha BOK3aji.

I’ll take them to the station.

OHa noHecjra peGeHxa b cap.

She took the baby into the garden.

Oh4 noHecex pe6eHKa b caA.

She’ll take the baby into the garden.

Remember that B03fixb, Be3xfi, and noBe3xfi specify carrying or taking by vehicle, and are opposed to Hocfixb, Hecxfi, and noHecxfi which describe carrying while walking. BoAHTb, secxfi, and noBecxfi are not so specific, but usually describe leading or taking while on foot. The verb Becxfi is also used intransitively: 3xa The verb

Aopora bcaSt k 03epy.

Hocfixb

This road leads to the lake.

is also used in the sense to wear clothes:

()Ha HHKorAa He hochx injifinbi.

She never wears a hat. lesson 22

569

CTOJi-nouns with the special prepositional ending -y MODELS

Hto 3to jiokht TaM Ha nony?

What’s that lying on the floor there?

_Ha cHery?

_. snow-?

__ Ha 6epery?

_shore-?

A 3to Harneji b uneasy.

I found this in the cupboard.

yrny.

_ corner.

cany.

_ garden.

_ b _ b

rne Tb'i 3TO —

■

Ha

Where did you find it?

Harneji?

yrny, nporaB

TYMa.

On the corner—across from GUM.

— Ha 6epery peKH.

On the river bank.

— Ha Mocry.

On the bridge.

— Ha nbny, Ha KaTKe.

On the ice at the skating rink.

B KaKOM rony Bbi ponnnHCb?

In what year were you born?

B kotopom nacy ohh npnnyT?

At what time will they come?

6h neacan Ha 6oKy h cnan.

He was lying on his side, asleep.

REPETITION DRILL

Repeat the given models, noting that some CTOJi-nouns take the special prepositional case ending -y (always stressed) when used in conjunction with the prepositions b and

■

Ha.

RESPONSE DRILL

Look at the floor! There's a cap lying on the floor.

nocMOTpn Ha moct!

nocMOTpH Ha non!

Ha MocTy neacHT manna.

Ha nony ne*HT manna.

■

(b

STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS

1. We were strolling along the shore.

2. They walked around the forest.

We were sitting on the shore.

They were in the forest.

Mbi rynanH no 6epery.

Ohh xonhnH no necy.

Mb'i ennenn Ha Sepery.

Ohh 6b'mH b necy.

Mbi rynajiH no Jiecy.1

Ohh xoniuiH no nbny.

Mbi ennenn b necy.

Ohh 6binn Ha nbny.

(no MocTy, no cany, no CHery, no

Jibny,

no necy, no 6epery)

■

yron, Ha CHer, Ha 6eper, Ha nen)

QUESTION-ANSWER

(no CHery, no 6epery, no MocTy, no nony)

DRILL

1. What year are you talking about—this one? Yes, it happened this year. O KaKOM rone Bbi roBopHTe,

O KaKOM yrne 06 3tom?

^a, 3to cnynnnocb b 3tom rony. 1 Double stresses in these dative case forms show that

570

lesson 22

Bbi

roBopiiTe, 06 3tom?

2(a, 3to cnyminocb Ha 3tom yrny. (6epere, nece, Mocre, rone) stress may be heard: no Jiecy [pojisu] or no Jiecy [pajesu].

DISCUSSION

In addition to their regular prepositional ending, -e, a number of cmn-nouns have a second pre¬ positional ending in stressed -y (rarely -ib), which is used only when the noun is preceded by the prepositions b and Ha: Compai e

Bbt noAyMaAu o AbAe?

Did you think about the ice?

with

4to oto TyT bo AbAy.

What’s this here in the ice?

He cHAHTe Ha Jib Ay.

Don’t sit on the ice.

Almost all cmn-nouns with special prepositional endings in -y have monosyllabic stems. Those CTOJi-nouns with neuter singular endings in -ft spell the prepositional case ending -ib: icpaii edge, Ha Kpaio; 6oh battle, b 6ok>.

Telling age in Russian MODELS

CKOJibKO act Bameivry cb'my?

How old is your son?

— EMy ABaAuaTb act.

He’s twenty years old.

-ABaAuaTb oahh roA.

-twenty-one_

-ABaAuaTb Asa roAa.

-twenty-two_

-ABaAuaTb nHTb act.

-twenty-five_

ClCOAbKO BaM TOTAa 6bIAO ACT?

How old were you then?

— Mh6 6b'uio naTHauuaTb act.

I was fifteen.

-ueT naTHaAUaTb.

_about fifteen.

-ABaAuaTb AeT.

_twenty.

_AeT ABaAuaTb.

_about twenty.

— MHe 6biA ABauuaTb oahh toa.

-twenty-one.

KaKoro B03pacTa Bam AeAyuiKa?

How old is your grandfather?

— EMy mecTbAecaT naTb a6t.

He’s sixty-five years of age.

_act ceMbAecHT.

_about seventy_

_ceMbAecaT a6t.

_ seventy _

■ repetition drill Repeat the given models, noticing the use of the dative in expressing age. ■ CUED

QUESTION-ANSWER

DRILLS1

1. How old is your baby?

2. How old is their daughter?

He's only six months old.

She's already two.

CKOAbKo MecHueB BaineMy pebeHKy?

CxoAbKo AeT fix Aonepn?

Eviy Bcero uiecTb MecHueB.

Eii yace ABa roua.

CxoAbKo MecaueB BarneMy pebeHKy?

CxoAbKo AeT fix AonepH?

Eiviy Bcero ceMb MecHiies.

Eii yace xpfi roua. (4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)

(8, 9, 10, 11, 12) 3. How old were you then?

4. How old will he be then?

1 was thirteen.

He'll be thirty-one.

CKOAbKO BaM TOTAa 6bIAO AeT?

CxoAbKo eMy 6yAeT TOTAa AeT?

MHe 6wao TpHHaAuaTb AeT.

EMy SyueT TpfiAUaTb oahh toa.

CKOAbKO BaM

CxoAbKo eMy 6yACT TOTAa AeT?

TOTAa

6bIAO AeT?

MHe 6mao HeTbipHaAuaTb act.

(15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20)

EMy 6yAeT TpfiAUaTb ABa roAa. (33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42)

1 Numbers may be cued in class by writing the figures on the blackboard.

LESSON

22

571

5. What age is her father?

6. What ages are her children? The son is two and the daughter three.

He's fifty-seven. Kaicoro B03pacTa ee

oTep?

Kaicoro B03pacTa ee pern?

EMy naTb^ecHT ceMb peT.

CbiHy pBa ropa, a ponepn Tpn.

Kaicoro B03pacTa ee OTep?

Kaicoro B03pacTa ee pera?

EMy nHTbpecHT aoceMb per.

CbiHy

(59, 40, 38, 52, 33, 44)

neTbipe

ropa, a

ponepn n«Tb peT.

(6-7, 8-9,10-11, 12-13, 14-15, 16-17)

DISCUSSION When asking a person’s age the expression cKOJibKO peT is normally used, unless the inquiry is about a very young baby and an answer in months is expected; in that case cKOPbKo MecnpeB would be used. The dative case must be used for the person whose age is in question: CKOPbKo BaM peT?

How old are you?

CicoPbico MecapeB BaiueMy pe6eHKy?

How old is your baby?

A more formal way of asking a person’s age is by means of the expression Kanoro B03pacTa plus the nominative (for the person whose age is in question). The dative must be used for the subject of the answer, however: Kaicoro B03pacTa Bauia SaSyuina?

How old is your grandmother?

— Eh BoceMbpecuT p6t.

She’s eighty years old.

Kaicoro OHa B03pacTa?

What age is she?

— Eii ceMbpecuT ophh rop.

She’s seventy-one years old.

Note that the appropriate form of rop must be used in agreement with the number involved: EMy pBapuaTb ophh rop.

He’s twenty-one years old.

-PBa ropa.

_-two_

_miTb peT.

_-five_

Declension and usage of 66a (f o6e) MODELS

(36a 6paTa xopoume KOHbico6e>KUbi.

Both brothers are good skaters.

66e cecTpbi HrpaioT b tchhhc.

Both sisters play tennis.

66a pe6emca 6bipn 3popoBbi.

Both children were healthy.

y y

o6ohx peTeii ecTb PbDKH.

Both children have skis.

hhx (y)1 o6ohx ecTb Pbi^CH.

They both have skis.

Tpe 3hHa h Kam?

Where are Zina and Katya?

— Ohh o6e Ha KaTKe.

They’re both at the skating rink.

-—-

A

Biipep hx o6enx

—

y

hhx (y) o6enx 3aHaTHa.

Bbi

b paGopaTopun.

3IiaKOMbI C MOHMH POHepbMH?

I saw them both in the laboratory. They both have classes. Are you acquainted with my daughters?

-— ft 3HaKOM C o6eHMH BaiUHMH POHepbMH.

I’m acquainted with both your daughters.

— ft no3HaKOMHPca c hhmh (c)1 o6chmh BHepa

I met them both yesterday evening.

BenepoM. 1 Letters in parentheses are optional.

572

lesson 22

Oh roBopHJi

06

Ojiere hjih

060

mh6?

Was he talking about Oleg or about me?

— O Bac o6ohx.

About both of you.

— 06 o6ohx, h o Bac h

06

Ojiere.

About both you and Oleg.

Oh roBopHJi o KaTe hjih o 3hhc?

Was he talking about Katya or Zina?

— 06 odenx.

About both.

— O hhx o6enx.

About both of them.

Masculine and Neuter

Feminine

66a (plus gen sg)

o6e (plus gen sg)

NOM ACC GEN PREP DAT INSTR

same as nom or gen o6ohx (plus gen pi) o6ohx (plus prep pi) o6ohm (plus dat pi) o6ohmh (plus instr pi)

o6enx (plus gen pi) o6enx (plus prep pi) o66hm (plus dat pi) odeHMH (plus instr pi)

■ REPETITION DRILL Repeat the given models, noting that the masculine and neuter genders use one set of forms (06a, o6ohx, and so forth) as distinct from feminine (o6e, o6enx, and so forth).

■ STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS

1. My friend and I were sick. We both were sick.

A

H MOH TOBapHIH 6bIJIH dOJIbHbl.

2. My sister and her girl friend are at the skating rink. They're both at the skating rink.

Mb'i o6a 6b'uiH 6ojibHbi.

CecTpa h ee noapyra Ha KaTKe.

Mh6 h TOBapHiny 6biJio cxynHo.

Ohh 66e Ha KaTKe.

HaM o6ohm 6ujio ckyhho.

CecTpe h ee noApyre hhkto He BepHT.

Y MeH« h y TOBapHina 6buiH 3K3aivreHbL

Mm o6eHM hhkto

Y Hac o6ohx 6biJiH 3K3aMeHbi.

Oh roBopHA c cecTpon h ee noApyron.

Mh6 h TOBapumy 6biJio Beceno.

Oh cHHMaA cecTpy h ee noApyry.

MeHB h TOBapuma He 6biJio noMa.

Oh HHTepecoBanca cecTpon h ee noApyron.

Co mhoh h TOBapumeM 6b'uio njioxo.

Oh doBJiCB cecTpbi h ee noApyrn.

Mh6 h TOBapnuiy 6biJio HeyAodHO.

Oh noHpaBHAca cecTpe h ee noApyre.

Mhoh h TOBapnmeM Bee HHTepecoBaJincb.

Oh noBe3 Ha KaTOK cecrpy h ee noApyry.

He BepHT.

MeHH h TOBapHma 6to He HHTepecyeT.

3. The brothers were nervous.

CecTpbi ycTajw.

Both brothers were nervous.

EpaTbflM npnmAH nncbMa.

EpaTbfl HepBHHHaJTH.

CecTpaM npnmAH nncbMa.

06a 6paTa HepBHHnajiH.

O 6paTbax nncaAH

CecTpaM 6biA0 xojioaho.

O cecTpax nncaAH

066hm cecTpaM 6biJio xojioaho.

EpaTbBMH BCe AOBOAbHbl.

EpaTba ycTaJiii.

CeCTpaMH BCe AOBOAbHbl.

b b

ra3eTax. ra3eTax.

lesson

22

573

■ RESPONSE DRILL

A BHueji ero yaHTeueH. A BH^eji ero yaHTejibHHU. A yBHacycb c ero yHHTejibHHuaMH. A yBH^cycb c ero yHHTeJiaMH.

I talked to his teachers. To both of them?

A roBopnii c ero yaHTejiaMH. C

o6ohmh?

A

roBopHJi

c

Ero yHHTejia yexauu.

ero yHHTejibHHuaMH.

Ero yHHTejibHHUbi yexann.

C o6eHMH?

DISCUSSION The nominative and inanimate accusative forms 06a (masculine and neuter) and o6e (feminine), like flBa and use, are followed by the genitive singular: Both brothers live here.

66a 6paTa atHByT 3uecb.

b By3e.

66e cecTpbi ynaTca

A BHAeji

06a

Both sisters attend college. saw both movies.

c[)HjibMa.

1

_06a

nucbMa.

_both letters.

_o6e

KapTHHbi.

_both pictures.

In all other cases, forms of 06a and o6e are treated as modifiers of the plural noun which follows. Note that these forms are based on expanded stems and that the endings are like the plural endings of the possessive pronoun modifiers:

-hx

(animate accusative, genitive, prepositional),

-hm

(dative), and

—hmh (instrumental): A BUfleJi o6ohx SpaTbes. _ o6eHX cecrep.

Cxa>KHTe 3TO 066HM SpaTbflM.

_ o6ewM cecTpaM. floroBopHTe c ooohmh 6paTbmvui. - c oGeHMH cecTpaMH. Sometimes Russians avoid using 06a and

o6e

I saw both brothers. _both sisters. Tell that to both brothers. _both sisters. Have a talk with both brothers. _both sisters. by substituting such phrases as

h tot h

upyroft

(lit. both that one and the other): Kaxan rnjiana b4m HpaBHTca? — MHe HpaBHTca man upyraa. Kaxyio umany Bbi B03bMere? — M Ty h Apyryio. Note particularly that 06a and o6e are not u is expressed instead by

Which hat do you like? I like both of them. Which hat will you take? Both of them. in the compound conjunction both . . . and, which

h... h:

OHa n xpacHBaa h yMHaa.

She’s both beautiful and intelligent.

flOBTOPEHHE — 3,apaBCTByHTe, TaMaponxa! BaM He cxynHo xaTaTbca oahoh? — ^ He OAHa, a c Apy3bHMH. —

ate ohh? A hx He Bnacy.

— Boh tom, b xoHpe xaTxa. - Ax, Tax 3to Baiun Apy3ba! A a xax pa3 cMOTpen, xax ohh xaTatoTca. Ohh 3aMeaaTeabHbie xoHbxo6eaxe CKa3aji,

h6t

Korna-HH6y,m> Ha caMO-

hto

,n,eHer. Torna Bee CTyneHTbi cica3ajiH TpaHTy,

h

hto 6to

He neTaji npocTO no-

hto

jieTaTb

— oto hjih

HHX CJ1HIHKOM HOpOTOe yAOBOJIbCTBHe. TaMape oneHb

xohctch

ee nonpyrn y>xe TaM 6biJiH.

noft™

pecTopaH.

Tobopht, hto t£m

Ahh Ba^HM npHTJiacHJi TaMapy AOpor hjih Hero,

b hobmh

b 6tot

ho oh, kohchho, He

Oh

oTKpbuicn Ha npomjioH Helene,

3aMenaTejibHO: My3biKa, TaHpbi.

pecTopaH.

Oh

3aKa3aji o6en. 06en; 6biJi

Mor cxa3aTb 3Toro TaMape. npHHecjift

KaKHe-TO 3aMeHaTejibHbie 3aKycKH. TaMapa HHKorna Taxoro He BHaejia. OHa He 6biBana

b

pecTOpaHax. Ho eft xoTenocb noxa3aTb,

M bot

hto

OHa npHBbixna

bhho bo

jib,ny

h

Hnxorna

TaxftM oSenaM.

OHa cpa3y BbinHJia nea cTaxaHa BHHa,

h

y Hee Hanajia HeMHoro SojieTb rojioBa,

oneHb Becejio. Cxopo Hanajiftcb TaHHbi,

h

BaaftM c TaMapoft

hojito

cero-

cjihuikom

boo6ih6 k

h

ho

eft 6biJio

TaHueBajiH. Benep npomeji

oneHb xoporno.

lesson 22

575

jXX.Lt,Xl XMJJUUUULl ..ULAJLJ 111. |j.J

LESSON

PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION

BaCHJIHH 3anaKOBbIBaeT IIOCblJIKy

nocbijiKa

package, parcel

3anaKOBbiBaTb, -atoT (i)

to wrap, pack

BacHJiHH 3anaKOBbiBaeT nocbuitcy.

23

Vasily is wrapping a package, thin, fine

TOHKHH

needle

HrojtKa

The needle’s too fine.

HroJiKa cjihlukom TOHKaa.

darn it! darn it all!

(J)y Tbi!

Oy Tbi, HrojiKa cjihuikom TOHKafl!

Darn it all, the needle’s too fine!

TOJICTblH

thick, stout, heavy

noTOJime

a bit thicker (or stouter, or heavier)

HeT jih y Te6fl noTOJime?

You wouldn’t have one a bit heavier?

y

I don’t have any needles.

MeHa HeT HHKaKHX HTOJIOK.

y MeHfl Boo6me hhkskhx hct.

I don’t have any (needles) at all. to sew

IHHTb, IHbK)T (i)

HHKor^a He uibio.

I never sew.

npHLUHTb, npHUIbK)T

(pfv

to sew on

i)

button

nyroBHpa

JI aaace nyroBHUbi npimiHTb He yMeio. yiiTH, yfiflyT

(pfv

to go away, go off (on foot), leave

i)

Philip has gone off somewhere,

OwjiHnn Ky^a-TO yuieji.

too bad, it’s a pity

^cajiKO

^CaJiKO, OujiHnn KyAa-TO yuieji: y Hero

Too bad Philip has gone off somewhere; he probably has one.

HaBepHo ecTb.

Oh, here he is now.

A BOT H OH. He HaHACTca jih y Tebfi

I don’t even know how to sew a button on.

(plus

gen)

you wouldn’t happen to have

He HafiAeTCH jih y Te6a tojictoh nrojiKH?

You wouldn’t happen to have a heavy needle?

/lyMaio, hto HaHAeTca, cefinac nonmy.

I think I do; I’ll take a look.

CaMblH

the most, the very

caMaa TOACTaa nroAKa

the stoutest (or heaviest) needle

Bot caMaH TOJiCTaa HrojiKa, Kanaa ecTb.

Here’s the heaviest needle I’ve got.

^ JleHHHrpaA- 3hmhhh ABopeu, b kotopom Tenepb h3xoahtch My3efi — TocyAapcTBeHHbiH Opivurraw.

577

A HTO 3TO Tbi UlbCUIb?

But what’s that you’re sewing?

IIocbiJiKy aanaKOBbiBaio.1

I’m wrapping a package,

HHTKH

(Sg

thread

HHTKa)

KpenKHH

strong, sound

MoaceT, y Te6a h hhtkh Kpenkiie ecTb?

Kpenne (comparative of KpenKHii)

Perhaps you have some strong thread, too? stronger

Hhtkh ecTb, TOJibKO He 3Haio, Kpenne jih ohm,

I have thread, only I don’t know whether it’s any stronger than yours.

HeiM TBOH.

to be suitable, do; to approach, come up to

noAOHTH, no^OHAyT (pfv i) Hhtkh Bno/me no^ofiflyT. CnacnGo. npHHHTb (pfv i) (past npHHan, fut npHMy, npHMeuib,

-o,

The thread will do just fine. Thanks. -h; f-a;

to accept, take; to admit, see (a patient)

-yT)

Hy, Haaeiocb, hto nocbiJiKy npiiMyr.

Well, I hope they’ll accept the parcel.

npaBHjio

rule, regulation

3anaKOBaH, -a, -o

packed, wrapped

Bee 3anaKOBaHO no npasHJiaM.

Everything’s wrapped according to regulations, to wet, moisten, soak

MOMHTb, MOHaT (il)

A 3aneM 5to Tbi Tenepb nocb'uiKy boaoh

But why are you moistening the package with water now?

MOHHIUb?

a^pec, -a; a^peca, -ob

address

HTo6bi Hanncarb aapec.

In order to write the address.

XHMHHeCKHH

chemical

XHMHHeCKHH KapaH^aiH

indelible pencil

JXaii MHe boh tot XHMHHeCKHH KapaH^am. Ha

[na] (stressed particle)

Give me that indelible pencil over there. here you are, take it

Ha.

Here you are.

Hy, totobo?

Well, all set?

TorM nouuiH.

Let’s go then.

H a nofiAy c

I’ll go with you, too.

bbmh.

Mh6 Toace Ha^o h,hth Ha noHTy.

I’ve got to go to the post office, too.

SUPPLEMENT 3anaKOBaTb, 3anaKyK>T

A

(pfv i)

3anaxyk» HeMoaaHbi. cujHTb,

I’ll pack my bags,

combioT (pfv

i)

(imper cmeM! -Te!)

MaTb coLUbeT eft JoGxy. npnmHBaTb,

-aioT

to wrap up; to pack

(i)

6h npnmHBaJi k pyGaruxe nyroBHiry. yxo^HTb, yxoAHT (n)

to sew Mother’ll sew her a skirt, to sew on He was sewing the button on his shirt, to go away, leave (on foot)

1 Parcels are commonly wrapped in cloth and sewed up for mailing purposes in the U.S.S.R.

578

lesson 23

Yace naTb nacoB, a yxoacy.

It’s five o’clock already; I’m leaving.

npHHHMaTb, -aioT (i)

to accept, take; to admit, see (a patient)

CeronHa .aoKTop hhkoto He npHHHMaeT.

The doctor isn’t seeing anyone today.

3a Koro Bb'i MeHa npHHHMaeTe?

Who do you take me for?

iHBeiiHafl ManiHHa

sewing machine She knows how to sew on a sewing machine.

OHa yMeeT iiiHTb Ha LUBeimoH MainfiHe.

nHA^aK, -a Ha

jacket, coat (suit) He had on a black jacket.

HeM 6bin aepubiH nnaacaK.

nanbTo (indecl n)

topcoat, overcoat

(5h 6biJi b nanbTo. flo>KAeBHK, -a

He had on a coat. [da^ivik]

raincoat

B03bMH C C066h flO>KfleBHK.

Take a raincoat with you!

cna6biH

weak, feeble; poor

Oh cira6biH CTy^eHT.

He’s a poor student.

BacnjiHH 3anaKOBbmaeT noctiJiKy B. — BacnjiHH

B. — Eopfic

O. — OHjifinn

B.

1 cpy Tbi, wrojiKa cjihihkom TOHKaa. HeT jih y Te6a, Eopa, noTOJHite?1

B.

2 Y MeHa BooSme HHKaKHx HeT.

B.

3 )KajiKO, OHjifinn Kyna-TO yrneji: y Hero HaBepHO ecTb. A bot h oh! Onjiiinn, He HaHaeT-

A

HHKopaa He tubto, ttaace nyroBHHbi npHUJHTb He yMeto.

ca Jin y Te6a tojictoh htojikh? O.

4 /lyMato, hto HanneTca, ceitaac nonmy. Bot caMaa TOJiCTaa HronKa, Kaxaa ecTb. A HTO 3TO Tbi HJbeUlb?

B.

5 llocbiaKy 3anaK6BbiBato. MoateT, y Te6a h hhtkh KpenKHe ecTb?

Ke k nocojibCTBy.

He now lives closer to the embassy.

riOROHHH 6jIH)Ke!

Come closer! shorter

Kopone HoBbiH nH/DKax Kopone CTaporo.

thicker, heavier; coarser

TOJime

3ra noRKJiaHKa TOJime, h6m Ta.

This lining is thicker than that, thinner, finer

TOHbUie 3Ta noARjia^Ka TOHbine, h6m Ta. jierHe

The new jacket is shorter than the old one.

[Jexci]

This lining is thinner than that, lighter; easier

3tot BejiocHneR; jierne Toro.

This bicycle is lighter than that one.

Ha 3TO MHe nerne oTBeTHTb.

That’s easier for me to answer,

peace

rarer, less frequently lesson 23

581

It’s been raining less frequently this summer.

3thm ji6tom aoxcah H^yT pe?Ke.

more frequent, more (or most) often

name

He rides (or drives) a truck most often,

Hame Bcero oh e3AHT Ha rpy30BHKe.

older

CTapme

My sister is a year older than I.

CecTpa Ha ron CTapme mchb.

younger

MOJio^e

If I were younger, I’d run like that too.

Ecjih 6bi A 6biJi MOAoxce, A 6bi Toxce Tax 6eraji.

Cmotph, KyM e/jeiub! B. — BacHjiHH

B. — Eophc

O. -— Oujuinn

.

1 Mbi He ono3AaeM c HameH nocbiAKoit? Yxte noHTH rnecTb.

B.

2 HeT, 3to OTtiejieHHe paSoTaeT ao BocbMH hah Aax.

5 Hnaero, AOHeceM. 3to BeAb b AByx rnarax OTCtoAa, He npaBAa ah?

B.

6 Hy He cobc6m: haao nepeiiTH nAomaAb, a TaM eme TpH-neTbipe KBapTana.1

B.

7

d>.

8 OcTOpoxcHeti! rpy30BHic!

B.

9 3h, Tbi! Cmotph, Kyna eAernb!

B.

A

3HaK> 6oAee kopotkhh nyTb.2 noBepHeM b stot nepeyAOK.

10 HaBepHO nbHHbiH KaKOH-TO.

notes

1 Although TaM ordinarily means there, it is sometimes used in the sense then, for example, at that point or having reached that point. The other words for then which we have encountered are Toraa and iiotom, and they are not interchangeable. Toraa is used for then in a time sense (at that time) and also in a causal sense (in that event): Torna MHe 6hao AecaTb AeT.

I was ten years old then (or at that time).

MHe He HpaBHTca 3TO naAbTO.

I don’t like this coat.

— Torna He noKynau.

Don’t buy it then (or in that case).

IIotom is used for then only in a time sense (thereupon, after that, later on) and usually in a sequence of events: A 3amen b Mara3HH. IIotom A noinen Aomoh.

Mbi noeneM b KueB, a iiotom b OAeccy.

I dropped in at a store. Then (or after that) I went home. We’ll go to Kiev and then (or later on, after that) to Odessa.

2 The masculine noun nyTb way, route, path is irregularly declined in the singular: nyTb (nominative, accusative), ny™ (genitive, dative, prepositional), nyTeM (instru¬ mental). Its plural follows the regular soft declension pattern. 582

LESSON 23

Basic sentence patterns 1. Kacca orapbiTa ot AByx ao nara.

The box office is open from two to five.

- OT Tpex AO IlieCTH.

-from three to six.

- ot aeraipex ao ceMH.

_from four to seven.

_ OT naTH AO BOCbMH.

_from five to eight.

2. CaejiaHTe sto k AByM aacaM.

Get this done by two o’clock.

_k TpeM_

_ by three_

-k nara_

_by five_

_k aeraipeM_

_by four_

_ K BOCbMH_

_by eight_

3. Oh Ha Aea roAa CTapme cecrpbi.

He’s two years older than his sister.

_Ha Tpn_

_ three _

_Ha aeraipe_

_four_

4. Cffia mecTbio roAaMH MOJioace MeHa.

She’s younger than I by six years.

_ CeMbK)_

_ seven _

_ ACBaTblO _

_nine_

_ AecaTbio _

_ten_

5. TyAa nocnajm AsaAnara oahoto CTyAeHTa.

They sent twenty-one students there.

_ OAHy CTyAeHTKy.

_twenty-one girl students_

_ Asa CTyAeHTa.

_twenty-two students_

_ Ase CTyAeHTKH.

_twenty-two girl students_

_ ceMb CTyAeHTOB.

_ twenty-seven students_

6. Mb'l n03HaK0MHJTHCb c AsyMa HHOCTpaHuaMH.

We met two foreigners.

_c TpeMa_

_ three _

_c aeTbipbMa-

_four_

_ c naTbtd_

_five_

_C BOCeMbK)_

_eight-

7. 3to b AByx KBapTajiax OTCioAa.

It’s within two blocks of here.

_ b Tpex _

_within three_

_b aeTbipex_

_within four_

_ b naTH _

_within five-

8. KynHTe He MeHbine nara khjto caxapa.

Buy at least five kilograms of sugar.

_ AecaTH -

_ten_

_ AeaAuara -

_ twenty_

_ TpHAAaTH -

_ thirty _

9. HaM He xBaTaeT AByx cTyjibeB.

We’re short two chairs.

_ Tpex _

_ three _

_ aeTbipex-

_ four_

10. Man AO-imeH 6biTb Kpenae.

The tea should be stronger.

_ cjia6ee.

_ weaker.

__ ropaaee.

_ hotter.

11. lloroAa CTajia euxe xoaoAHee. _ Tenjiee.

The weather got even colder. __warmer.

_ acapae.

_hotter. lesson 23

583

12. /1,HH CTaHOBflTCJI flJIHHHee.

The days are getting longer.

_ KOpOHe.

_ shorter.

__ Tenjiee.

_ warmer.

_ xojioflHee.

_ colder.

13. 6h 3apa6aTbiBaeT Sojibine, neM a.

He earns more than I.

_Gojibine MeHa.

_ more_

_. MeHbiue, neM a.

_ less _

_ MeHbiue MeHa.

_ less _

14. TBoa KOMHaia ^opoaKy AByx CTy^eHTOB.

I see two students.

A

BH>Ky

psk

I see two tables.

CTOJia.

In all other cases the numbers five through twenty and thirty are treated as though they were modifiers of the accompanying noun, which is always in its appropriate plural case: 6h npHiueji c HBafluaTbio py6naMH.

He came with twenty rubles.

6h noTepaJi okojio HBajmaTH py6jieH.

He lost about twenty rubles.

Bbi

Are you talking about these twenty rubles?

roBopHTe 06 5thx ABanuaTH py6jiax?

Conditional constructions in Russian: the particle 6bi (6) in hypothetical conditions MODELS

Ecjih y MeHa 6yaeT BpeMa, to a 5to CAejiaro. Ecjih 6 y MeHa 6b'uio BpeMa, to a

6bi

5to

c/iejiaji. Ecjih a 3axoay, a 5to c^enaio. Ecjih

6bi

a 3axoTexr, a

6bi

5to CAeJiaji.

If I have time, I’ll do it. If I had time, I’d do it or If 1’d had time, I’d have done it. If I feel like it, I’ll do it. If I felt like it, Ed do it or If I’d felt like it, I’d have done it.

Bb'uio 6bi

jiyauie, ecjin

6

ohh Tyzia He xo/ihjih.

It’d be better if they didn’t go there or It would have been better if they hadn’t gone there.

Bb'uio 6bi

jiyame, ecjin

6

OHa He cnpaiHHBajia.

It’d be better if she didn’t ask or It would have been better if she hadn’t asked.

594

lesson 23

Ha TBoeM MecTe a 6bi He GecnoKOHjica.

If I were you I wouldn’t worry.

--A Gbi

-I wouldn’t think of it.

06 3tom

He ayMaji.

-A 6bi 3Toro He aejiaji.

-I wouldn’t do it.

-A 6bi eft Hanncaji.

-I would write her.

_ A 6bi eft no3BOHftji.

_I would call her.

_A

- I would leave earlier.

6bi

paHbme yexan.

■ REPETITION DRILL

Repeat the given models, noting that to express conditions contrary to fact or viewed as doubtful, the unstressed particle

6bi

(sometimes

6)

is used together with the past tense form of the verb.

■ STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS

1. If there's time, I'll go with you.

2. I'll do it if I feel like it.

If there were time. I'd go with you.

I'd do it if I felt like it.

Ecjih 6yneT BpeMH, A c bbmh noftay.

Ecjih A 3axony, A Gto CAejiaio.

Ecjih 6bi GbiJio BpeMH,

A

6bi c Baivm noiueji.

Ecjih 6y^eT BpeMH, A c b4mh 3aKymy. Ecjih 6bi Gbi.io BpeMH,

A

6bi c bumh

Ecjih

6bi A 3axoTeji, A 6bi 3to

CAejiaji.

Ecjih A 3axony, A sto cbeM. Ecjih

6bi A 3axoTeji, A 6bi 5to

cbeji.

3aKycHJi.

(Bbinbio, y3Haro, KOHHy, cxajKy,

(noKaTarocb, noe^y, nocn^y, noryjiflio, no-

3apa6oTaio, ocTaBjiio, nepeAaM)

3aBTpaKaK>, noroBopio, nooGeAaio) 3. If she needs books, he'll buy them. If she needed books, he'd buy them.

4. I'll wait if it's necessary. I'd have waited if it were necessary or I'd wait if it were necessary.

Ecjih eft Hy>KHb'i 6yayT KHftrn, to oh hx KynHT. Ecjih 6bi eft HyacHbi 6biJiH khhth, to oh 6bi hx KynHJi.

Ecjih eft HyacHbi 6yAyT khhth, to oh hx AOCTaHeT. Ecjih 6bi eft HyacHbi 6 bum khhth, to oh 6bi

Ecjih sto Hyamo, to A noAoacAy. Ecjih Gbi Sto GbiJio hjtkho, to

A

Gbi

noAO*AaJi. Ecjih sto Hy>KHO, to A yftAy. Ecjih

6bi 5to

GbiJio h>5kho, to

A 6bi

yiueji.

(noeAy, no3BOHio, TyAa noftAy, npHAy

HX flOCTajI.

onaTb, BepHycb paHbme, 3aftAy omiTb,

(nojiynHT, ttacT, nonuieT, BepH&r,

npneAy paHbme)

npHHeceT, Haft^eT)

■ RESPONSE DRILLS

1. He ought to eat. Yes, it wouldn't be a bad idea if he did eat.

2. She shouldn't go there. Yes, it would be better if she didn't go there.

EMy haao noecTb.

Eft

HA,

HA,

GbiJio 6bi iienjioxo, ecjin 6bi oh noeji.

EMy HaAO BbiKynaTbca.

HA,

GbiJio 6bi HenJioxo, ecjin 6bi oh

BbiKynaJiCH.

He h4ao TyAa xoAHTb. GbiJio

6bi Jiynuie, ecjin 6bi OHa TyAa He

xoAHJia. Eft He HaAO cnpamHBaTb.

HA,

Gbuio Gbi

jiynuie, ecjin

6bi

OHa He

(noryjiHTb, BCTaTb, nooGeAaTb,

cnpauiHBajia.

OTAOXHyTb, nopaGoTaTb, 3anaKOBaTb

(TyAa oGpamaTbca, TyAa e3AHTb,

Beam, yexaTb)

HepBHHHaTb, GecnOKOHTbCB, CepAHTbCH,

acAaTb) lesson

23

595

■ QUESTION-ANSWER DRILL

Why don't you put on a record? I would, but I don't know how. IloHeMy Tbi He nocTaBHiub njiacraHicy?

R 6bi nocTaBHJi, ho h He 3Haw kAk. rioneMy Tbi He npHHibeiub nyroBHiry? R 6bi npiiuiiui, ho a He 3Haro Kan. (3anaKyeuib nocbiJiKy, He OTKpoenib OKHa, He jioBHuib pbi6y, He Hape^Keuib xjieGa, He Hcneneiub nHpora)

DISCUSSION

In Russian, as in English, there are two kinds of conditional statements: real and hypothetical. The real conditional states the proposition in a direct way: Ecjih 3aBTpa 6yzteT Ao^cflb, Mbi HHKyna He

If it rains tomorrow we won’t go anywhere,

noejteivi. Ecjih a 3axony, A 3TO cnenaio.

If I feel like it, I’ll do it.

Note that Russian uses the future here in the if clause, whereas English uses the present. The hypothetical conditional, on the other hand, views the activity as impossible to fulfill or as highly unlikely to occur. Such conditionals require 6bi plus the past tense, usually in both clauses: Ecjih 6bi ce6e

y MeHB 6ujih ACHbrn,

A 6bi Kynfiji

MauiHHy.

Ecjih 6bi y 6paTa 6buio MecTO, A 6bi hchji y

If I had the money I’d buy myself a car or If I’d had the money I’d have bought myself a car. If my brother had room I’d live at his place or If my brother had had room I’d have lived at his

Hero.

place. Ecjih 6bi A 3axoTeji, A 6bi 3TO 3aBTpa ^ce

If I wanted to, I’d do it tomorrow.

cjtejiaji. Ecjih 6bi A 3axoTeji, A 6bi sto ^aBHo cjiejiaji.

If I had wanted to, I’d have done it long ago.

Note that Russian is less specific than English as to the actual time of the hypothetical activity and that often only the context makes it clear whether past, present, or future is referred to. The particle 6bi may appear anywhere in its clause except in the initial position. It is never stressed and, after vowels, may be shortened to 6: Ebuio 6bi jiynrne, ecjiH 6 OHa He cripauiHBajia.

It’d be better if she didn’t ask or It would have been better if she hadn’t asked.

Ecjih 6 y Memi 6b'uio BpeMH, to A 6bi noineji 3aBTpa Ha 6a3ap.

If I had the time, I’d go to the market tomorrow.

The conjunction to then, in that case is often used to introduce the second clause in a sentence beginning with ecjin.

596

lesson 23

nOBTOPEHHE BaziHM 3ameji b TYM KynHTb ce6e acokacbhk. TaM 6biJio mhoto acwkacbhkob h ctohjth ohh ot AeaAUaTH ao TpH^uaTM pySneft. Ba^HM peuiHn KynHTb noAopo>Ke: AOporHe Bem,H

BcerM jiyniiie. KaK pa3, kotas oh bbixoaha H3 Mara3HHa, Hananca AO)KAb. «Bot, — noAyMaji oh — xopouiHH cjiynaH npoBepHTb moh HOBbifl AO>KAeBHK». BaAHM nomeji mcaachho, noTOM no6e)Kaji. Cxopo eMy ct&jio xoaoaho h oh nonyBCTBOBaji, hto AO>KAb mohht y»e He TOJibKO aohcacbhk, ho h njieHH, cnHHy, pyKH. Oh y>xe xoTen noBepHyTb Ha3aA h BepHyTb ao>kAcbhk b Mara3HH, ho noAyMaji, hto Bee paBHo nojKneBMKa He B03bMyT Ha3aA, h Aewbra ero

nponajiH. Bepa He jiioGht h He yMeeT LHHTb TaxHx Bemeft, xax njiaTba hjih koctiombi. Ho sto He 3h4hht, hto OHa He MoxceT npHUJHTb nyroBHuy. CeroAHH yrpOM 0Ha 3aMeTHjia, hto Ha nHA>Kaxe

ee My>xa He xBaTaeT nyroBHHbi. OHa noncxana b ujBeHHOH xopoSKe m Hamjia noxo^yio nyroBHU,y — Toxce nepHyio, ho hcmhoto MeHbine. Bepa yxce xoTena ee npHuiHTb, ho b sto BpeMH Bomeji Myx< h CKa3an efi, hto oh npHuibeT caM. «Xopomo, — noayMajia Bepa, — nocMOTpHM, xax Tbi npHuibeuib. BeAb Tbi Aa>xe htojikh b pyxax nepxcaTb He yMeemb!» Bepa GbiJia yBepeHa, hto CKopo Myxc npH^eT k h6h h nonpocm: ee npMiHHTb nyroBHuy. Tax h cjryHHJiocb. Bnepa TpaHT nouieji Ha noHTy cnpocHTb, KaK HaAO 3anaKOBbiBaTb nocbiJTKy.

Oh cbo-

66h,HO TOBOpHT nO-pyCCKH H CJIOBO «3anaKOBbIBaTb» BblTOBOpHJI AOBOJIbHO npaBHJlbHO, ho Ha noHTe Bee cpa3y 3aMeraAH,

hto oh

HHocTpaHeu,

npHBbiK: Tax Bcerna 6biBaeT, KorAa

oh

h

3axoAHT

Hanann Ha Hero CMOTpeTb.

b

KaKoe-HH6yAb

Ho oh y>Ke k 3TOMy

Siopo.

Oahh pa3 c TpaHTOM 6biJi HHTepecHbiH cjiynaH. Oh 6bur Ha KOHuepTe. Ero coceaoM 6bui moaoaoh HejioBeK jict ABaanaTH. Oh 6bin noxoac Ha HKyra, TOBapHipa TpaHTa no Kypcy. Ohh

no3HaKOMHAHCb h HanajiH roBoprrrb o My3biKe. B^pyr stot mojioaoh hcaobck CKa3an: «Bbi Tax KpacHBO roBopHTe no-pyccKH. Bbi H3 MocKBbi?» TpaHT 6bm oneHb aoboach, hto oh Tax xopouio TOBOpHT, HTO MO>KHO nOAyMaTb, HTO OH pyCCKHH. Oh CKa3aA coceay, HTO OH aMepHKaHen h b cboio onepeAb cnpocHJi ero, OTKy^a tot. OKa3ajiocb, hto coceA H3 KHTaa h npnexaA b

MocKBy KaK CTyACHT Bcero n«Tb MecnneB Ha3aA.

lesson

23

597

s

m,

■

'

i

LESSON

PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION

24

B 6lOp6 06cJiy5KHBaHHH

o6cjiy>KHBaHHe Tfle 6iop6 o6cny3KHBaHHa? perHCTpaTOp CnpocHTe y perncTpa-ropa. o^opMjieH, -a, -o (ppp of o(|)6pMHTb)i

service Where is the Service Bureau? desk clerk, registering clerk Ask the desk clerk. registered; official; in order, filled out in official form

Bee yace otjjopM.ieiio, rocnoAHH Kyn.

Everything’s in order, Mr. Cook.

^OKyMeHT

document, official paper

o6paTHBIH

return, back

Bbi MoaceTe noJiyHHTb oopaTHO Baum

You can have your papers back.

^OKyMeHTbi. TaJIOH

e^a (sg only) ElpeKpacHO. A r^e TajioHbi Ha e^y? yaoiH Bot ohh. 3to TajioHbi Ha 3aBTpaKH, o6eAbi h yacHHbi. cnepnajibHbiH

coupon food, meal, eating Wonderful. And where are the meal coupons? supper Here they are. These are coupons for breakfasts, dinners, and suppers. special

3to cneuuajibHbie TajioHbi Ha nan.

These are special coupons for tea.

Xopouio. A KaK HacneT Mamnm>i?

Fine. And how about a car?

peHTp peHTp ropoAa H xoTeJi 6bi ceftnac noexaTb nocMOTpeTb

center, middle; capital city right downtown, the heart of town I’d like to go see the downtown area now.

ueHTp ropo^a. coacajieHHe

regret; pity

k coacaJieHHK)

unfortunately

b pa3be3Ae K coacajieHHH>, cefinac Bee iwauiHiibi b

out, departed; on the move, on call Unfortunately, all the cars are out now.

pa3be3Ae.

Kan ace t&k? 1

How come?

The abbreviation ppp stands for past passive participle.

M B 3pMHTa5Ke.

599

disposal, command

pacnopjDKeHHe

Mh6

CKa3ajiH, hto b moSm pacnopiDKeHHH

I was told there’d be a car at my disposal.

6yAeT ManiHHa.

Intourist (Soviet agency for foreign tour¬

HHTypHCT

ists) Mh6 b HHTypHCTe cKa3ajiH, hto b moSm

I was told at Intourist there’d be a car at my dis¬ posal.

pacnopnaceHHH SyaeT MauiHHa. BepHblH

true, right; faithful, loyal

COBepmeHHblH

absolute, perfect; complete; quite Quite right.

CoBepiueHHO BepHo. nojib30BaTbCH, -3yK)TCH (i)

(plus instr)

Bbi MO)KeTe nojib30BaTbca MamnHon.

to use, enjoy, take advantage of You can use a car. per day, a day

b AeHb Bbi Moaceie nojib30BaTbca ivtauiHHOH Tpn naca

You can use a car three hours a day.

b /jeHb. nojinaca (gen nojiynaca) Ho cefinac BaM npHaeTCH no^oacaaTb okojio

half an hour But now you’ll have to wait about half an hour,

nojiynaca. K TOMy BpeMeHH

Hy, HMHero. Tor^a a no3aBTpaKaio TyT, a k TOMy BpeMeHH 6y.neT MauiHHa.

PecTopaH y*e OTKpb'rr?

nojiBocbMoro OTKpbiT. y*e nojiBocbMoro. A KaK Tyaa npoHTH? KOpHflOp Hahtc

npaMo

by that time, by then Oh, well. I’ll have breakfast here then, and by that time the car will be here. Is the restaurant open yet? half past seven Yes, it’s open. It’s already half past seven. And how does one get there? corridor, hall

no Kopnnopy, a noTOM

Go straight down the hall and then turn right.

noBepHHTe nanpaBO. Cnacii6o. fl BepHycb onenb CKopo, TOJibKO Bb'inbio KO(J)e c SyjioHKofi. noDKaJiyncra, He Toponirrecb. COoGlUHTb, -aT (pfv II)

Koraa MauiHHa npu^eT, a BaM coo6my.

Thanks. I’ll be right back; I’ll just have coffee and a roll. Please, take your time. to inform, let know, report When the car arrives I’ll let you know.

SUPPLEMENT THfl

guide

Tun noKa^ceT b4m TYM. BH3a

visa

Bbi y>Ke nojryHHjiH BH3y?

nacnopT

Did you already get your visa? passport

M6*ho nocMOTpeTb Bam nacnopT?

600

The guide will show you GUM.

May I see your passport?

JKHTeJIbCTBO

residence, stay, sojourn

BHfl Ha 5KHTeJIbCTBO

internal passport, residence permit; identity card

lesson

24

Bam bhzi: Ha >KHTejibCTBO y*e oc})6pMjieH.

Your identity card has already been processed,

0(J)OpMJiaTb, —HK)T (i)

to make official; to register, certify, process, issue (official papers)

B 3tom Giopo 0(})opMjiaK)T nponycKa.

They issue permits at this office.

0(J)6pMHTbCH, -BTCB (pfv II)

(see above meanings)

Bbi yace o(J)6pMHjincb?

Have you already filled out all the necessary papers?

o(J)opMJTflTbca, -aioTca (i)

to register, be registered officially; to fill out the necessary papers

3aBTpa Mbi

noiiaeM

o(J)opMJiHTbca Ha

padoTy.

Tomorrow we’ll go register for work.

0({)6pMHTb, —AT (pfv II)

(see above meanings)

Mh6 Hy>KHO 0(J)6pMHTb flOKyMeHTbl.

I must get some documents certified.

coo6maTb, -aiOT (i)

to inform, let know; to report

H3 KrieBa coo6maK>T, hto rpy30BHKM roTOBbi.

Kiev reports that the trucks are ready,

KpaH, -a; Kpaa, -eB

outskirts; edge; region, land, part(s)

Ha Kpam

on {or at) the edge [of], on the outskirts [of]

Ohh acHJiH Ha Kpam ropoaa.

Ka(})e (indecl n)

They lived on the outskirts of town.

[kafe]

coffee house, cafe

B 3tom Ka(J)e BKycHbie GyjiOHKH.

They serve tasty rolls in this cafe,

Bocnojib30BaTbca (pfv i) (plus instr)

A

BOcnojib3yK)Cb

cjiynaeM noexaTb Ha

to take advantage of I’ll take advantage of the opportunity to go south.

ror.

3aKycoHHaa

diner, grill (cheap restaurant)

He embTe b stoh 3aKycoaHOH.

Don’t eat in that diner, foreign

HHOCTpaHHblH

A

1 attend the Foreign Language Institute.

ynycb b MHCTHTyTe HHOCTpaHHbix jbmkob.

B Giopo oGcjiysKHBaHHH1 P. — PerncTpaTop P.

K. — KyK

1 Bee y>Ke o^opMjieHO, rocno^HH KyK.2 Mo^ceTe nojiyHHTb oSparao Baum noKyMeHTbl.3

K.

2

P.

3 Bot ohh. 3to TajioHbi Ha 3aBTpaKH, o6e,ztbi h yoKHHbi, a 3to cnemiajibHbie TanoHbi Ha

IlpeKpacHO.

A

pne TajioHbi Ha

eny?4

natt.5 K.

4 Xopomo. A KaK HacneT MauiHHbi?

A

xotcjt 6w cefinac noexaTb nocMOTpeTb neHTp

ropona. P.

5 K coacajieHMio, ceimac Bee MauiHHbi b pa3i>e3,zte.

K.

6 KaK )Ke TaK? MHe b MurypncTe cKa3ajiu, hto b MoeM pacnopjoKerom 6yneT MauiHHa.6

P.

7 CoBepmeHHo BepHo. Bbi MO)KeTe n6jib30BaTbca MauiHHOH Tpu naca b aeHb, ho ceftnac BaM npHHCTca no,no>KnaTb okojio nojiynaca.

K.

8 Hy, HHHero. Tor/ia a no3aBTpaKaio TyT, a k TOMy BpeMeHH 6y,neT MauiHHa. PecTOpaH yjKe OTKpbiT?7 lesson 24

601

P.

9 J^SL,

OTKpbIT.

y»ce

nOJTBOCbMOrO.

K. 10 A Kax Tyj\k nponra? P. 11 Mahtc npaMO no KopHAopy, a noTOM noBepHHTe HanpaBO.

K. 12 Cnacn6o.

Beptrycb

oneHb CKopo, TonbKO Bbinbto KO(J)e c GynoHKon.

P. 13 rio>KanyHCTa, He ToponnTecb. KorAa MainnHa npnAeT, a BaM coo6my.8

1 In Soviet hotels accommodating tourists there is always a Service Bureau

notes

(Eiopo o6cjiy5KHBaHHn) set up to provide the tourist with various services, such as mak¬ ing all kinds of reservations, setting up appointments, ordering tickets, arranging for guides, calling cabs, and providing information. 2 It usually takes at least an hour to fill out all the necessary forms at the Eiopo oficjiyHCHBamifl. The verb oKHTeCb CnOKOHHO H OTflbIXaHTe.

You can lie down quietly and have a rest. quarter past four

neTBepTb naToro Ceftnac neTBepTb naToro.

It’s now [a] quarter past four.

Cefinac Bcero neTBepTb naToro.

It’s now only [a] quarter past four.

pa36y^HTb, pa36yA»T (pfv n) Pa36y^HTe MeHa nepeu; yacHHOM. 3aTpy^HHTb, 3aTpy^HaT (pfv n) Bac He 3aTpyxiHHT

Wake me up before supper, to cause trouble, be too much trouble it won’t be too much trouble

Bac He 3aTpy^HHT pa36yjjHTb MeHa nepea

It won’t be too much trouble for you to wake me up before supper, will it?

y)KHHOM?

HHCKOJIbKO HncKOJibKO. Kor.ua

to rouse, wake up

not at all, not in the least Bbi

xothtc, htoGw a Bac

pa30yaHJia?

nojiOBHHa B nojiOBHHe uiecToro. no6pHTbca, nobperoTca (pfv i) fl xoTeji 6bi eme ycneTb iioOpiirbCH.

Not at all. When do you want me to wake you up? half At half past five. to shave (oneself), get shaved I’d like to have a little extra time to shave (lit. to have time still to shave).

SUPPLEMENT no3BaTb, n030ByT (pfv i) (past no3Baji,

to call, summon, get

-o, -h; f no3Bajia) fl030BHTe MHJIHUHOHepa! 604

lesson 24

Call a policeman!

OHa no3Bajia AOKTopa?

6ywjh, He

6yAH

Did she get (or summon) the doctor?

6yAHT (n)

ee

to waken, rouse

Tax paHo!

Don’t wake her up so early!

SpHTbca, 6peK»Tca (i)

Epeiica

to shave (oneself)

CKopee!

Hurry and shave!

3aTpyaHBTb, —HIOT (i)

to cause trouble, be too much trouble

Bbi MeHa HHCKOJibKo He 3aTpyAHaeTe.

You’re not causing me the least bit of trouble.

CTapaTbca, -aioTca (i) (3h

to attempt, try, make an effort

y>xe flaBHo crapaeTca nojiyHHTb

BH3y.

He’s been trying to get a visa for a long time now.

HHCTHTb, HHCTHT (il)

to clean, scrub, brush; peel

ySopiPHUa HHCTHT JieCTHHUy.

The cleaning woman is cleaning (or scrubbing) the stairs.

A

HHLUy KapTOLUKy.

I’m peeling potatoes.

noyacHHaTb, -aioT (pfv i)

to have supper, eat supper Let’s eat supper in this diner (or grill),

TfaBaifre noy^KHHaeM b 3toh 3aKycoHHofi.

the Soviet Union

CoBeTCKHH CoK)3

CKOJibKO He^ejib Bbi npo6yaeie

b

CoBeTCKOM

How many weeks will you spend in the Soviet

Coio3e?

Union ?

jioacHTbca cnaTb (pfv jienb cnaTb) Kor\qa Bbi o6biHHo Jio>KHTecb

Bnepa

A

Jier

cnaTb

to go to bed (retire)

cnaTb?

When do you usually go to bed?

oneHb paHo.

Yesterday I went to bed very early.

Pa3rOBOp C rOpHHHHOH

T. — TopHHHHaa

r.

1

K.

2 J\a. A

r.

3 Kohchho.

K.

4 Tax

Mo>kho bohth? 3to ropHUMHaa. xoTeji

6bi

oT/taTb

Oh SytteT

aoato?

b

totob

Bbi

K. — Kyic

MeHa 3B&AH?

HHCTKy stot koctiom. 3to momcho ycTpoHTb? npn6jiH3HTejibHo nepe3 He^eJiio.1

A b Mockbc npo6y/ty Bcero roiTb AHeii.

Bbi

He motjih

6bi

nonpociiTb,

HTo6bi ohh nouHCTHJiH no6bicTpee?

A nocTapaiocb sto ycTpoHTb.

T.

5

K.

6 Bojibuioe cnacfiGo. A Tenepb A xotcji 6bi jienb h hcmhoto OTAOxHyTb. Koma y

Bac

3tiecb yjKHHaioT?

r.

7 Y)khh ot mecTH ao AecaTH.2 JIo>KMTecb cnoKOHHO h OTAbixaiiTe. CeiiHac Bcero h6tBepTb niiToro.

K.

8

r.

9 HHCKOAbKO. KorAa Bbi

K.

Bac

10 B

notes

He 3aTpyAHifr

pa36yAHTb

noAOBHHe mecToro.

mchh nepeA yxcHHOM?3

xoTHTe,

HTo6bi A Bac pa36yAHAa?

A xotca 6bi eme ycneTb noOpHTbca.

1 Visitors to the Soviet Union in recent years have found that laundry service is prompt and reasonably priced. It is almost impossible, however, to get things drycleaned in less than a week and it usually takes much longer. lesson

24

605

2 The main meal of the day for Russians is odea, generally eaten as the second

meal of the day. It consists of at least three courses and always includes soup. In con¬ trast, y>KHH supper is a light meal served around eight in the evening and usually con¬ sists of sandwiches and tea. 3 Both ao and nepeA are used in the time sense before, but they are not inter¬ changeable. When no is used, the noun following is viewed as a point in time and ao refers to an unspecified range of time prior to the event: Boifribi oh 6bin CTyaeHTOM.

Before the war he was a student,

y) ycnen HanncaTb Bee nncbivia ao

I managed to write all my letters before

KOHpepTa.

the concert.

When nepeA is used, however, the noun following is viewed as an activity or event and the preposition specifies the time immediately prior to it: Oh 3amen ko jvme nepeA KOHuepTOM.

He dropped in to see me (just) before the

Bbineirre sto nepeA o6eAOM.

Drink this (just) before dinner.

Mbi no3HaKOMHjmcb KaK pa3 nepeA

We met just before the war.

concert.

BOHHOH.

Basic sentence patterns 1. Tne HaxoAHTca rocraHHua MHTypficTa?

Where is the Intourist hotel located?

— B ueHTpe ropona.

In the middle of town.

— Ha Kpaio ropoAa.

At the edge of town.

/fanexo

—

ot

— ^oBOJibHO

ueHTpa ropoAa. 6ah3ko ot

ueHTpa ropona.

A long way from the downtown area. Quite close to the center of town.

— Ha KpacHOH nnomaAH.

On Red Square.

— npn6AH3HTeAbHO b Tpex KBapTajiax

About three blocks from here.

oTcioAa. — B KOHHe 3TOH yjTHHbl.

2. noKa^HTe Baiun AoxyMeHTbi!

Your papers! (Lit. Show your documents!)

noKa)KHTe BaniH 6yMara!

Your papers! (Lit. Show your papers!)

Tne Bam nponycx?

Where’s your pass?

_Bauia BH3a?

_your visa?

_Bam nacnopT?

_your passport?

_ Bam BHA Ha >KHTeAbCTBO?

_your internal passport?

nojiyHHTe o6paTHO Baum AoxyMeHTbi.

You may have your documents back.

_BamM 6yMarH.

_your papers_

3. HaM —

606

At the end of this street.

npHAeTca aojito >KAaTb?

He

MeHbine

naca.

Will we have to wait long? At least an hour.

— npH6jIH3HTeAbHO Mac.

Approximately one hour.

— npn6AH3HTejibHo nonnaca.

Approximately half an hour.

—

About half an hour.

Okoao

noAynaca.

— Haca Tpfi.

About three hours.

— Okoao Tpex nacoB.

About three hours.

lesson 24

4. Kor^a Bbi xoTHTe, HTobbi Mbi

When do you want us to wake you up?

Bac pa36yflHjiH? ---- 3TO CAeJiaJTH?

_to get this done?

- 3TO BepHyjlH?

_to return this?

- 3TO npOHHTaJIH?

_to have this read?

5. Mh6 HyjKHo OTAaTb b HHcricy

I’ve got to have this suit cleaned. 3TOT KOCTIOM.

- 3TOT nHA>KaK.

_this jacket_

- sto njiaTbe.

_this dress_

6. CnojibKO AHeii Bbi npo6y^eTe b Mockbc?

How many days will you spend in Moscow?

_Tbi npo6yaeiiib _?

_you spend-?

_ oh npo6yAeT _?

_he spend _?

7. Mbi npo6buiH b CoBeTCKOM Coio3e

We spent six weeks in the Soviet Union.

mecTb Heflejib. Oh npo6biJi_

He spent_

A npo6bui_:_

I spent_

OHa npo6buia_

She spent_

8. Kaic npofiTH Ha BOK3aji?

How does one get to the railroad station?

_ Ha rjiaBHyio nnomaAb?

_the main square?

_Ha KpacHyio njiomaAb?

_Red Square?

_ b ueHTp ropoAa?

_the heart of town?

9. Xoporno 6biJio 6bi noKaTaTbca Ha jioAKe.

It’d be nice to go for a boat ride.

_ 3aKycHTb.

_ have a snack.

_ JieHb H OTAOXHyTb.

_lie down and rest.

10. A xoTen 6bi npHruacHTb Bac Ha yaom.

I’d like to invite you for supper.

_c bbmh noroBopHTb.

_to have a talk with you.

_nocTynHTb b By3.

_to enroll in college.

11. A xony, HToSbi Tbi MHe noMor.

I want you to help me. _to do it.

_3to cAeaaji. _ KOHHHJI TOBOpHTb.

_to stop talking.

_Hanaji paSoTaTb.

_to start working.

_ nomeji Ha jieKUHK).

_. to go to the lecture.

12. A xony Te6e noMOHb.

I want to help you.

_3To cAeJiaTb.

_to do it.

_noexaTb Ha o3epo.

_to drive to the lake.

13. 3to 6o;iee kopotkhh nyTb.

This is a shorter route.

_caMbiit-

_the shortest —

Mbi noilAeM 6ojiee kopotkhm nyreM.

We’ll go by a shorter route. _the shortest —

___CaMbIM .14. Tha HaM noKa3aA 6oJiee ciapbie yjiHUbi.

The guide showed us the older streets.

__caMbie _-—

_the oldest_

Tha noBen Hac no 6ojiee crapbiM yjinuaM.

The guide took us through the older-

__CaMbIM---

___ the oldest-

15. Oh4 Tenepb OAeTa b 6oJiee Tennoe naubTo.

She’s dressed in a warmer coat now.

_b caMoe-—

_the warmest_ lesson

24

607

He needs half an hour for supper,

16. Ha yacHH eMy Hy>KHO nojinaca. okojio

about half an hour

nojiynaca.

MHHyT TpHttUaTb.

about thirty minutes —

OKOJIO TpHJUiaTH

about thirty minutes

VraHyT.

17. 6h npnmeji

18. Bam

ran

tohho

npnjteT

b

b nojmepBoro.

He came at exactly half past twelve.

b

nojiBTOporo.

one.

b

nojrnaToro.

four.

b

nojiBoebMoro.

seven.

nojioBHue neTBepToro.

Your guide will arrive at 3:30.

naToro.

4:30.

mecToro.

5:30. We’ll be back in an hour.

19. Mbi BepHeMca Hepe3 nac. nojinaca.

half an hour,

neHb.

a day.

20. rfpnxojiH b HeTBepTb nepBoro.

Come at quarter after twelve.

BToporo.

one.

TpeTbero.

two.

21. Bbi Korna-HnSyab 6bijm

b Cobctckom

Have you ever been to the Soviet Union?

Coio3e? Koraa oh B03BpamaeTca H3 CoBeTCKoro

When is he coming back from the Soviet Union?

Coio3a? KorM

oh

B03BpamaeTca

b

CoBeTCKHH

When is he going back to the Soviet Union?

C0K)3? rpynna TypncTOB e3HHjia no CoBeTCKOMy Coio3y.

The group of tourists traveled around the Soviet Union.

Pronunciation practice: clusters of three consonants A. Consonant cluster 1. Initial

CTp

[stroga]

CTp.

pronounced [str] or [stf]

CTporo

harshly [struja]

[stfapat]

CTpanaTb

to cook, concoct cTpya

stream 2. Final

CTp

[ipipiStr]

pronounced [str] MHHHCTp

minister [§irpestr]

orchestra ceMecTp

semester 608

lesson

[arl^estr]

24

opKecTp

B. Consonant cluster ctb. 1. Initial ctb pronounced [stv] or [sty] [stvorka]

cTBopica

leaf, fold

[stvarozitca]

CTBopoacHTbca

to curdle

[styordim]

c TBepjjbiM

with hard

2. Final ctb pronounced [stf] [tarzestf]

TopacecTB

of festivities

HOBUieCTB

[nofsistf] of

new

things

BemecTB

[yiscestf] of matter

C. Consonant cluster ctk pronounced [stk] or [stl$]. [zOStl^ij]

^eCTKHH

hard

[Cl'stko]

HHCTKa

cleaning

[bjostl^i]

6jiecTKH

sparkles

D. Consonant cluster kct pronounced [kst] or [k§|],

[ksta^i] kctuth to the point [k§^ixam] k cruxaM to the verses

[kstanciji]

k CTamuiH

to a station

E. Consonant clusters jict and jibCT pronounced [1st] and [[§[]. [tolst]

TO JICT

fat [pa|^i|]

He JIbCTH don’t flatter

nojibCTHTb

to flatter

STRUCTURE AND DRILLS

Telling time: a quarter past and half past the hour MODELS CeiiMac HeTBepTb TpeTbero.

It’s now a quarter past two.

- neTBepToro.

- three.

_ naToro.

_four.

R npuny b aerBepTb mecToro.

I’ll come at a quarter past five.

_ cejibMoro.

-six.

_ BOCbMOTO.

_seven.

_ neBHToro.

_eight.

Flo

It’s half past nine by my watch.

mohm

uacaM nojioBHHa necaToro.

_ojiHHHanuaToro.

_ ten_

_ UBeHanpaToro.

_ eleven_

IIpHUHTe b nojioBHHe nepBoro.

Come at half past twelve.

_ BToporo.

_one.

_ TpeTbero.

_two. lesson

24

609

Cefinac Bcero nonce/ibMoro. __ noJiBOCbMoro.

It’s now only half past six.

_ nojifleBHToro.

_eight.

Pa36yAHTe mchm b nojmecaToro.

Wake me up at half past nine.

_

_ten.

b noji-o^HH Ha^maToro.

_. seven.

_ b nojiflBeHafluaToro.

_eleven.

_b nojmepBoro.

_twelve.

■ REPETITION DRILL

Repeat the given models, noting that time at a quarter past and half past the hour is viewed as a portion of the following hour, and that the genitive singular masculine of the ordinal number is used. Note also that the more formal nojiOBHHa half is often replaced in spoken Russian by noji- prefixed to the follow¬ ing ordinal number. ■ QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS

1. Will you come at one?

2. Is it five now?

No, I'll come at half past one.

No, it's already a quarter after five.

Bbi npimeTe b Mac?

CeiiHac naTb?

Her, a npimy b nojiBToporo.

HeT, cefinac ywe neTBepTb uiecToro.

Bbi npimeTe b nBa?

Cefinac BoceMb?

HeT,

a

npimy b nojrrpeTbero.

HeT, cefinac yace neTBepTb aeBHToro.

(tph, neTbipe, naTb, uiecTb, ceMb,

(tph, ceMb, nac, neTbipe, HBa, necaTb,

BoceMb, neBRTb)

nBeHa^uaTb)

3. What time will the cars arrive—at one?

4. Does the plane leave at four?

No, at half past twelve.

No, at a quarter after four.

B kotopom nacy npimyT MamHHbi? B aac?

CaMOJieT OTnpaBjiaeTca b neTbipe?

HeT, b nojioBHHe nepBoro.

HeT, b neTBepTb nHTOro.

B kotopom nacy npn^yT ManiHHbi? B flBa?

CaMOJieT OTnpaBjiaeTca b

HeT, b nojiOBHHe BToporo.

HeT, b neTBepTb uiecToro.

naTb?

(ceMb, flecaTb, nBeHaAUaTb, Tpn, naTb,

(nBa, Tpn, necaTb, onHHHaflnaTb, mecTb,

neTbipe)

BoceMb, ^BeHannaTb)

■ RESPONSE DRILLS

1. According to my watch it's twelve sharp. And according to mine, it's already half past twelve.

2. It's now one o'clock, I think. No, it's now half past twelve. Cefinac, KaaceTca, nac.

no mohm nacaM pobho nBeHa,zmaTb.

HeT, cefinac no.ioBima nepBoro.

A no mohm y?Ke nojmepBoro.

Cennac, KaaceTca, HBa.

no MOHM HacaM POBHO Mac.

HeT, cefinac no.ioBi'nia BToporo.

A no mohm yace nojiBToporo. (naTb, mecTb, ceMb, BoceMb, neBMTb,

(Tpn, neTbipe, naTb, mecTb, ceMb, BoceMb, AeeaTb)

necaTb, oAHHHa^maTb) DISCUSSION

The system of telling time for a quarter past and half past the hour is markedly different from that used for a quarter to the hour. The latter is expressed by 6e3 neTBepTH plus the nominative of the cardinal number. 6e3 MeTBepTH ^Ba

a quarter to two, at a quarter to two

6e3 MeTBepTH BoceMb

a quarter to eight, at a quarter to eight

610

LESSON 24

For a quarter past and half past the hour, however, time is viewed as a portion of the following hour and is expressed by the genitive singular masculine of the ordinal number. HeTBepxb TpeTbero

a quarter past two (lit. a quarter of the third)

b HeTBepTb ABeHafluaToro

at a quarter past eleven (lit. at a quarter of the twelfth)

nojiOBHHa nHToro (or nojinaToro)

half past four (lit. a half of the fifth)

b nojiOBHHe BocbMoro (or b nojiBOCbMoro)

at half past seven (lit. at a half of the eighth)

Simple versus compound comparatives and superlatives MODELS Mbi

roBopnjiH o bonee BaxKHbix, CKynHbix,

HOByio, Aoporyio, TOHKyio, KpacHByio)

CTpaHHbIX, npOCTblx)

DISCUSSION

Compound comparatives formed by means of unchanging 6ojiee more plus the regular adjective require neM plus the nominative; they can never be directly followed by the genitive as can the simple -ee or -e comparatives: Compare with

6h 66nee ocTopo^HbiH, neM a. Oh ocTopo>KHee mchh.

He’s more careful than I.

The compound 6ojiee comparatives also differ from the simple -ee and -e comparatives in that they can be used in both the subject and the predicate, and in all of the six cases, singular and plural: Eojiee Aoporne Mara3HHbi HaxoflaTca b ueHTpe ropofla.

The more expensive stores are located in the center of town.

3to oxihh H3 6oJiee aoporiix pecTopaHOB.

This is one of the more expensive restaurants.

Simple -ee and -e comparatives have the meaning of a superlative when followed by the pronoun Bcero (or Bcex). Bcero refers to things, Bcex to people. This is the only way of forming the superlative of adverbs: 6h roBopfiT no-pyccKH Jiynuie Hac Bcex. Jlynuie Bcero oh roBopHT no-pyccKH.

He speaks Russian the best of us all. He speaks Russian best of all (that is, better than any other language).

He’s the youngest of all.

Oh Mojnme Bcex.

The most common way of forming the superlative of adjectives is by a combination of caMbiH and the long-form adjective. Both forms are declined: Bbi

cjTbimaJiH caMyro nocJie/jHioK)

Have you heard the latest news?

HOBOCTb? Ohh >KHByT b caMoii Oojibuiou KBapTiipe b

3TOM ^OMe. 6h caMbiH

H3BeCTHbIH

H3 HHX BCeX.

3tO OAHH H3 caMbix KpaCHBbIX ropOAOB CoBeTCKoro Coio3a.

612

lesson 24

They live in the largest apartment in this building. He’s the most famous of them all. It’s one of the most beautiful cities in the Soviet Union.

Other constructions using 6bi (6) and the past tense MODELS Bbi He MorjiH 6bi eMy no3BOHHTb?

Couldn’t you perhaps call him?

-_ co mhoh noexaTb?

-go with me?

- ee pa36ynHTb?

-_ wake her up?

-- MHe nOMOHb?

- help me?

Xopomo 6buio 6bi Bb'iKynaTbca.

It’d be nice to go for a swim.

- noryjiHTb.

_ to go for a stroll.

- noKaxaTbca Ha jioAKe.

_ to go for a boat ride.

- JieHb H OTflOXHyTb.

_to lie down and rest.

A

I’d like to see the downtown area.

xot6ji 6bi nocMOTpeTb peHTp ropo^a.

- OTflaTb B HHCTKy KOCTIOM.

_to have my suit cleaned.

_ JieHb H HeMHOrO OTAOXHyTb.

_to lie down and rest a bit.

_ noilTH B KHHO.

_to go to the movies.

Hto, ecjiH 6bi Bbi eft Hanucajiu?

What if you were to write her?

_ eu noMorjiH?

_ to help her?

_ eft 3to npejuioiKHJTH?

_to suggest this to her?

_ efi II03B0HHJIH?

_to call her?

Mbi 6bi noLUJiH, ecjiH 6bi ne co6paHue.

We’d go if it weren’t for the meeting.

_noexajiH_

-go-

_yexajiH_

_leave_

A

I’d be glad to come, but I’m afraid that I won’t

A

6bi c yaoBOJibCTBHeM npHuieji, ho 6oiocb, hto He CMory.

be able to.

6bi c yflOBOJibCTBHeM 3to c^ejiaji_

I’d be glad to do it_

■ REPETITION DRILL Repeat the given models, noting particularly the use of 6bi and the past tense in mild suggestions. requests, and wishes. ■ STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS 1. I want to have breakfast.

2. What if I write him?

I'd like to have breakfast.

What if I were to write him?

A

xony no3aBTpaKaTb.

Hto, ecjiH a eMy HanHiny?

A

xoTeji 6bi no3aBTpaK3Tb.

Hto, ecjiH 6bi h eMy Haimcaji?

A

xony no6pHTbca.

Hto, ecjiH a TyM nohAy?

A

xoTeji 6bi no6pHTbCH.

Hto, ecjiH 6bi « Tyjta noiueji?

(oc|)opMHTbca, OTaoxHyTb, noo6e;iaTb,

(eMy noMory, hx no3HaKOMJiio, eMy 3to

noy^HHaTb,

npetuicoKy, 3a Hero 3anjiaHy, eMy 3to

JieHb,

nojieTeTb, noryjiaTb)

nouiJiK), eMy OTBeny, eMy sto nocoBeTyio) ■ RESPONSE DRILLS 1. You eat so little.

2. You talk too much.

You should eat more.

You ought to talk less.

Bbi Majio e^HTe.

Tb'l CJIHLUKOM MHOTO TOBOpHLUb.

Bbi 6bi 6ojibme ejiH.

Tb'i 6bi noMeHbiue roBopHJi.

Bbi Majio ryjiaeTe.

TbI CJIHLUKOM MHOTO nbeuib.

Bbi 6bi 6ojibiue ryjiHJiH.

Tb'i 6bi noMeHbiue iihji.

(TpeHHpyeTecb, 3aHHMaeTecb, cnHTe,

(Bpeuib, jieTaeuib, AyMaemb, cnopuuib,

HHTaeTe, oT^bixaeTe, ynHTecb)

myTumb) lesson 24

613

■ QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS

1. Will you be going to the competitions?

2. Who did this?

1 would, if it weren't for the meeting.

I don't know who could have done this.

Bbi nofi^eTe Ha copeBHOBaHna?

Kto 3to CAenaji?

A 6bi nouieji, ecjiH 6bi He coSpaHne.

A He 3Haio, kto 6bi 3to mot c/ieJiaTb.

Bbi noe/ieTe Ha KaTOK?

Kto 3to HanHcaji?

A 6bi noexaji, ecjiH 6bi He coSpaHne.

J\ He 3HaK), kto 6bi tto Mor HanncaTb.

Bbi 3aiuieTe Ha noHTy?

(npHHeC, COCTaBHJI, HCnopTHJI, 6pOCHJI,

Bbi nocMOTpHxe chhmkh?

pa36HJi, npHiHHJi, nocjiaji)

Bbi

BbinbeTe

naio?

Bbi noBe3eTe fix aomoh? Bbi ycneeTe KOHMHTb pa6oTy?

DISCUSSION

In addition to its use in hypothetical-conditional earn 6bi sentences, 6bi also occurs in construc¬ tions expressing wishing, requesting, and suggesting. Often it has the effect of softening the request, or of making the wish more tentative and less direct. Although 6bi is normally accompanied by the past tense, in some instances the verb (especially 6buio) may be omitted: Compare

Xopouio 6bi BbixynaTbca.

with

Xopouio 6b'uio 6bi BbixynaTbca.

Compare

A 6bi npHiueji, ecjiH 6bi He co6paHHe.

with

A 6bi npHiuen, ecjiH 6bi He 6buio

It’d be nice to go for a swim.

I’d come if it weren’t for the meeting.

co6paHH«.

Constructions using hto6i>i plus the past tense MODELS

When do you want her to phone you?

Koma Bbi xoTHTe, htoGh OHa BaM n03B0HHJia?

_ 3to CAenajia?

_ to do it?

_ KOHHHJia

_to finish her work?

paboTy?

Cxa)KHTe eMy, HTo6bi oh npumeji nopaHbiue.

Tell him to come earlier.

_ HHHero He

_not to ask any questions.

cnpamuBan. _ HeMHoro noiioai Bee ow.io b nopiuiKe.

CoMiieBaiocb,

Bee b c6ope.

CoMHeBamcb, hto oh yeueT.

Cmotph, hto6m Bee 6bum b c6ope.

CoMHeBaiocb, htoGm

hto oh sto

nofiMeT.

hto6m oh 5to hohhji.

oh

yexaji.

Pa3pemeHHe o^opMJieHo.

(hx aotohht, BepHeT ueHbrn, hx

Koctiom totob.

neperoHHT, hx omycTHT, sto npoHHTaeT,

Bee 3anaKOBaHO.

3TO BblGpOCHT)

Bee pejio.

Bee

3nopoBbi.

3. Suggest taking a walk to him.

4. He said that you got (or took) the coupons.

Suggest to him that he might take a walk.

He said that you were to get (or take) the coupons.

flpezyioacH eMy noryjiHTb.

Oh cKa3an, hto bh b3hjih TajiOHbi.

IIpe,HJi05KH eMy, htoGm oh noryjiHji.

Oh CKa3aji, htoGm Bbi b3hjih TajiOHbi.

ripefljio^cH eMy noecTb.

Oh CKa3aji, hto Bbi noyncHHajiH.

npe^Jio5KH eMy, hto6m oh noeji.

Oh CKa3aJi, htoGm Bbi noyxofHaJiH.

(BbiKynaTbca, noyacmiaTb, oxaoxHyTb,

(BepHyjiHCb, nojryHHJiH TajiOHbi,

no6pHTbCB, 0(})0pMHTb ^OKyMeHTbl,

nodpHJIHCb, Bbl6pOCHJIH 6HJieTbI,

no3BaTb ropHHHHyio, nenb, nonncTHTb

CBapHJiH oGeu, hx npHrjiacHJiH)

koctiom)

5. He asked me to call you. He asked me if I would call you. 6h MeHH nonpOCHJI BaM n03BOHHTb.

6. You've got to get used to it. You must (or it's necessary that you) get used to it.

Oh MeHH nonpocHJi, htoGm n BaM no3BOHHJi.

Te6e

6h MeHH nonpocHJi y3HaTb hx a^pec.

Ha^O,

Oh MeHH nonpocHJi, hto6m a y3Haji hx

Te6e Hauo c hhm noroBopHTb.

Hau;o k 3TOMy npHBbiKHyTb.

HaflO,

aapec.

HTo6bI Tbi K 3TOMy IipHBblK.

hto6m Tbi

c

hhm noroBopHJi.

(oTAaTb b HHCTKy najibTO, BepHyTb eMy

(06

^OKyMeHTbi, nonyuHTb j\nn Hero

COOdlUHTb, 3TO npOHHTaTb, OTTyua

nocbuiKy, 3anjiaTHTb 3a 6HjieTbi,

yhTH, 3to 3anaKOBaTb, HayHHTbcn

no^oHc^aTb, ero pa36yziHTb)

nnaBaTb)

7. When must we have things packed?

3TOM flOrOBOpHTbCH,

06

8. What am I to do?

When do you want us to have things packed?

What do you want me to do?

Kor.ua mm ,n,ojDKHb'i 3anaKOBaTb Beam?

Hto MHe AenaTb?

Korua

Hto Bbi xoTHTe, hto6m h

Bbi

xoTHTe,

htoGm mm 3anaKOBa.m

Benin?

Korua Mbi AOJiacHbi sto npoHHTaTb? Kor^a Bbi XOTHTe, HT06bI Mbi 3TO npoHHTajiH?

3TOM

aeaaji?

Hto MHe HHTaTb? Hto bm xoTHTe, hto6m h hht3.ii? (nocaaTb, nncaTb, npHHecTH, nocoBeTOBaTb, nHTb, ecTb)

(BepHyTbCH, 3TO c^ejiaTb, BepHyTb 3th

nnaHbi, 3a sto 3anjiaTHTb, Bac

pa36yAHTb) lesson 24

615

10. I wanted to go there.

9. Where am I to go? Where do you want me to go?

I wanted him to go there.

Kyn,a MHe exaTb?

Ky.ua bm xoTHTe, hto6m h exaji?

A xoreji hohth Tyaa. A xoTeji, HToSbi oh nouieji

Kyaa MHe njibiTb?

A

Ky.ua Bbi xotmtc, hto6m h njibui?

A xoTeji, HTo6bi

hx

xoTeji noexaTb no3ace. oh

noexaji no35Ke.

(noHrpaTb, yfiTH, yexaTb, npbirHyTb,

(hath, 3BOHHTb, HX Be3TH, 3TO nOCJiaTb, CMOTpeTb, nncaTb,

Tyaa.

noKaTaTbCH Ha jibiacax, noderaTb Ha

Becra)

KOHbKaX, nOCTaBHTb njiaCTHHKH, nocnymaTb My3biKy)

DISCUSSION

The use of

HTo6bi

plus the past tense in subordinate clauses often has the effect of softening a

suggestion or a request. After certain verbs there are two choices possible: a simple and straightforward statement using the infinitive, or the less direct, often more polite construction using

HTo6bi.

Compare

HpeAJio>xfi eMy no6pfiTbca.

Suggest shaving to him.

with

npejuioxfi eMy, htoSm oh nodpfijica.

Suggest to him that he might shave.

Compare

Ch MeHa nonpocfiji noaoamaTb.

He asked me to wait awhile.

with

6h MeHa nonpocfiji, hto6m a noaoacaaji.

He asked me if I would wait awhile.

Compare

CxaacfiTe eMy npnHTfi b ceMb.

Tell him to come at seven.

with

CxaacfiTe eMy, hto6m oh npnmeji b ceMb.

Tell him he should come at seven.

With verbs such as xoTeTb, however, the infinitive may be used only if the subject of the main verb is also the subject of the infinitive: Oh xoaeT nofi-rfi Ha kohiicpt.

He wants to go to the concert.

When the subject of the verb xoTeTb wants someone else to perform the activity, however, only the construction

hto6m

plus the past tense can be used:

6h xoaeT, hto6h a noineji Ha KOHnepr.

After such verbs as CKa3aTb, either meaning is quite different:

hto

or

He wants me to go to the concert. hto6m

may be used in a subordinate clause, but the

Oh CKa3aji, hto Bbi nojiynfijm 6njieTbi.

He said that you got the tickets.

6h CKa3an, HTodbi Bbi nojiyafijiH Ghjictm.

He said that you should get the tickets.

When the word following it begins with a vowel,

A xony,

hto6

*m)6bi

oHa

may be shortened to

hto6 :

npHuuia.

nOBTOPEHHE B

npouuioM roAy npoijieccop Kyx e3zuui b Cobctcxhii

CTyfleHTOB. Tlpocjieccop Kyx

SbiBaji

b

CCCP

C0103

c rpynnofi aMepHxaHcxnx

y>xe MHoro pa3, ho paHbiue oh e3AHJi oahh,

KaK TypficT, a Tenepb aojdxch 6mji BOAHTb cTyaeHTOB no bchkhm HHTepecHbiM MecTaM, aoCTaBaTb 6nneTbi, CMOTpeTb, hto6m hhkto He noTepfiji AOKyMeHTbi, h AejiaTb Maccy Apyrfix Beuiefi. Kaataoe yTpo cTyAeHTbi AOJiatHbi 6mah noAxoAHTb k ero Asepn h cTynaTb, hto6m ero pa36yAHTb: 6eAHbiit npoijieccop Tax xpenxo cnan.

616

lesson

24

KorM rpaHT npHexaji

b

yHHBepCHTeT, eMy cxa3ajin, hto oh aojdxch ocjjopMHTbca. Oh

noxa3an perncTpaTOpy cboio BH3y h nacnopT h nojiyHHJi bha Ha 5XHTenbCTBo. PeracTpaTop Aan eMy nponycx, HTo6bi oh mot noxa3biBaTb ero BaxTepme b o6me>XHTHH. rpaHT y/HiBHJich, hto BaxTepma npoBepaeT Bcex, xto bxoaht b oSmexcHrae, ho peracTpaTop cxa3an eMy, hto 3Aecb Taxoe npaBHno. no3>xe rpaHT y3Haji, hto bha Ha JXHTenbCTBO, nponycxa, pa3pemeHHH, BH3y, nacnopT h Apyrne AOxyMeHTbi h&ao Bee BpeMH HocnTb c co6oh, noTOMy hto HX HACTO npoBepaioT.

A nmy Giopo oGcAymiBaHiiH. Bbi MHe He cxa>xeTe, TAe oho haxoahtch? — K co>xaneHHio, A caM He 3Haio, ta6 oho. CnpocnTe ySopunmy, Mo>xeT 6biTb, OHa —

BaM cxa>xeT. — Cnacn6o. CxaxcHTe, AeBymxa, xax npoirrM

b

6iop6 o6cjiy>xHBaHH5i?

— Hahtc npaMO no xopHAopy h b xoHne noBepHHTe HaneBO. IIpoHAHTe eme hcmhoto, h Bbi yBHAHTe AecTHHny. Hahtc no jiecTHHue Ha BTopon 3Ta>x. Eiopo oScnyacHBaHHn 6yAeT nepBaa ABepb HanpaBO. — BoAbuioe cnacnGo. Bbi Tax xopouio h tohho MHe Bee cxa3anH. BaM h^ao 6bino 6bi CTaTb thaom. —

A Bam tha, rocnoAHH Kyx. A b BaiueM pacnopjnxeHHH xa>xAbiH AeHb. Bbi MoaceTe

e3AHTb CO MHOH, XyAa XOTHTe. — Otjihhho.

A oneHb paA c b4mh no3HaxoMHTbC5i. Kax

Bame

hmh, othcctbo?

- MeHH 30ByT BaAHM KHpHAJIOBHH, HO Bbi 30BHTC MeHH npOCTO BaAHM. — OneHb xopouio, BaAHM. Y mchh, npn3HaTbca, neT HHxaxiix nnaHOB Ha ceroAHH. Hto 6bl Bbi nOCOBeTOBAAH?

— Kax HacneT ueHTpa ropoua? Bbi t£m y>xe 6mah? — HeT, He 6biA. A BeAb npHexan Bnepa oneHb no3AHO,

b

nojiABeHaAUaToro, h cpa3y

ner cnaTb. A c GonbiuHM yAOBOAbCTBHeM noeAy nocMOTpeTb ropoA. —■ npexpacHO. MauiHHa y>xe ecTb, h Mbi MO>xeM exaTb, xorAa Bbi 3axoTHTe. — rioeAeM MHHyT nepe3 naTHaAUaTb.

A aoajxch no6pHTbca.

— IIoacajiyHCTa, He ToponHTecb. Y Hac Macca BpeMeHH.

lesson 24

617

IHCUIIM 13|

Bni

LESSON

PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION

25

MaTb c ^eTbMH coSiipaioTCH b 6amo

6aHH

bathhouse, public bath; steam bath

MaTb c aeTbMH coGHpaiOTca b 6amo.

Mother and the children are getting ready to go to the bathhouse.

AonHBaTb, -aioT (i)

to finish drinking, drink up

rieTH, flonuBafi mojioko. 5IHHHHU,a

Petya, finish your milk, eggs (fried)

[jijispics]

to finish eating, eat up

^oe^aTb, -4k>t (i) IleTH, floe^ai! HHHHHuy h aounBaii mojioko.

Petya, eat the rest of your eggs and finish your milk. refrigerator, icebox

XOJIOflHJIbHHK IlOCTaBb MaCJIO B XOJIOflfijibHHK.

Put the butter in the refrigerator.

A Tbi, TaHH, nocraBb Macjio

And you, Tanya, put the butter in the refrigera¬

b

xojiojfiiJibHHK.

tor. narao, -a; naraa, naTeH

spot, stain, blot

cxaTepTb, -h; -h, -efi (f)

tablecloth

3,n;ecb Ha CKaTepra KaKoe-TO mtho.

There’s some kind of stain on the tablecloth.

Cmotph, Maaa, 3,zjecb Ha CKaTepTH KaKoe-TO

Look, Mamma. There’s some kind of stain on

IIHTHO. oaeBHaHbiH

OneBiiaHo, naii. pa3jnm>, pa30JibK)T (pfv i) (imper pa3Jiefi!

the tablecloth. obvious, apparent [It’s] obviously tea. to spill; to pour

-Te!) Baepa BeaepoM kto-to pa3jrfiji aan. rocTb, rocTa; tocth, -eft (m)

J\k, 3to Baepa BeaepoM o^hh H3 rocTefi pa3JiHJi. CHHTb, CHHMy, CHHMyT (pfv i)

Somebody spilled his tea last night, guest Yes, one of the guests spilled [it] last night. to take off {or down), remove; to take a picture; to rent

Mbi CHHMeM CKaTepTb, Kor^a BepHeMca H3 6aHH. Hy, IleTH, Tbi yace kohhhji? ◄( yjiHHHaa npoaawa KBaca.

We’ll remove the tablecloth when we come back from the bath. Well, Petya, are you all finished?

619

Yes.

Kohhhji. 6ejibe,

underthings, underwear; linen, wash

-A

to prepare, get ready; to fix; to cook

IipHrOTOBHTb, -HT (pfv II)

Tanya, did you get linen ready for me?

Tami, Tbi npnroTOBHjra MHe 6ejibe?

clean, fresh; pure

HHCTblH

TaHH, Tbi npiiroTOBHJia MHe HHcroe 6ejibe?

Tanya, did you get clean linen ready for me? bed

KpoBaTb, -h; -h, -efi (f)

Yes, it’s there on the bed.

J\a, oho TaM Ha KpoBaTH. nojioTeHue, -a; -a, -Hen,

towel

MOXHaToe nojioTeHue

Turkish towel, bath towel I gave you a Turkish towel.

H Te6e flajia MOXHaToe nojioTeHue.

soap

MbIJIO

Wait, there’s no soap here,

noAoacflH, TyT HeT MbiJia.

MonajiKa

sponge (of wood fiber)

HH... HH

neither . . . nor

CnacuSo. Ho noAOHCAH, Tyr HeT hh MbiJia, hh

Thanks. But wait; there’s neither soap nor sponge here.

M0H3JIKH.

Really?

HeyacejiH?

hurry, rush

cneuiKa

H b 3TOH cneuiKe 3a6b'uia noJioacHTb.

In all this hurrying I forgot to put them in.

Bot MonajnKHO 6bIJIO flOCTaTb

anenbCHHbi.

It was almost impossible to get oranges in Moscow,

anejibCHHOBbiu cok

orange juice

B CCCP He nbioT anejibCHHOBoro coKa.

They don’t drink orange juice in the U.S.S.R.

opaH>KeBbiH (uBeT)

orange (color)

He6o 6b'uio opaH^ceBoro uBeTa.

The sky was an orange color, chocolate

moKOJiaA

IUoKOJiaa 6bin oneHb .aoporofi.

The chocolate was very expensive, bathtub, bath

BaHHa

B BaHHOH cTOHjia 6ojibmaa BaHHa.

There was a large tub in the bathroom,

npHHHMaTb (or npriHatb) BaHHy (or uyui) KaK TOJibKo OHa

BCTana,

oHa npuHana aym.

to take a bath (or shower) As soon as she got up, she took a shower.

Ka>KUbiH Benep oh npuHHMaji ropanyro BaHHy.

Every evening he took a hot bath,

cauHTbca (or cecTb) Ha aBTodyc Ecjih noHfleT

to take (or catch) a bus

Mbi ca/ieM Ha aBTobyc.

A BcerAa caacycb na aBTobyc Ha stom yrny.

If it rains we’ll take a bus. I always catch a bus on this corner, to get on (or board) a bus

ca^HTbca (or cecTb) b aBTobyc 6h

He got on the wrong bus.

cen He b tot aBTo6yc.

MHjiHu,HOHep ctohji h CMOTpen, KaK Jitozui

The

policeman

stood

and

watched

people

getting on the bus.

caAHJiHCb b aBTodyc.

Flocjie 6aroi M. — MaTb

n.

n. — IleTH

T. — TaHH

1 Bot h A. Ctojibko Hapony, hto Herne 6b'uio cecTb. Ho A Bce-TaKH xoporno noMbuica.1 A Bbi KaK?

T.

2

Aa

He oueHb: b nyiueBOM HcnopTHjincb nyuiH,

a A TaK jhoSjho nocTOBTb non npo-

xjia,n,HbiM nyrneM, nocne Toro KaK noMoiocb. lesson

25

625

M.

3 Kto H3 Bac xoneT TOMaraoro coxa?2

n.

4 A h6t. Bcer^a to xce caMoe — cok h cok. rioneMy 3,n,ecb He npo^aeTca nHBO?

T.

5 Bot hoboctb! C kbkhx 3to nop tbi Hanaji miTb nHBO? npH3HaHCJi, Tbi Be,m> ero hh pa3y eme b pOT He 6paji.

M.

6 OcTaBb ero! Ham flem xoreT BbirnimeTb coBceM yxce B3pocnbiM. A xax Tbi, TaHii, HacneT, coxa?

T.

7 /Ja, no>xajiyHCTa. H xynH mohx jnoSHMbix TBHynex, xoporno?

M.

8 Xoporno. Flem, a rn,e TBoe rpa3Hoe 6ejibe?

II.

9 3a6bui b pa3,aeBajixe! CeHnac no6ery npHHecy.

M. 10 FIoTOponHCb. Y)xe cjibiuiHinb? TpOM! C MHHyTbi Ha MHHyTy nojibeT aoxtflb.

1 Compare the verbs KynaTbca (pfv BbiKynaTbca) and Mb'iTbca (pfv noMbiTbca).

notes

Both can mean to bathe, but

Mb'iTbca (noMbrrbca)

has the basic meaning to wash one¬

self and, unlike KynaTbca (BbixynaTbca), does not necessarily involve complete immer¬ sion in water. The latter verb also describes the activity of bathing for pleasure, such as swimming. CraHb non aym h noMoftca.

Step into the shower and wash yourself.

Oh4 MoeTca b BaHHe {or Oh4

She’s taking a bath.

xynaeTca b BaHHe). IloMOHca noa yMbiBanbHHKOM.

Wash yourself at the washstand.

Mbi

We often swim {or bathe) in this lake.

aacTO

xynaeMca b

3tom

03epe.

2 As a rule Russians drink fruit juices between meals rather than with their meals. Both fruit juices and soft drinks (generically called JinivioHaa) are sold on the street. Another popular drink is KBac, which is made from fermented rye. It has a low alcohol content and may be bought from street venders by the glass or the bottle.

Basic sentence patterns 1. Kyaa Bbi nojio>KHJiH

—B

6yKaK.

_jacket_

9. Chhmh raAouiH b KopHAope.

10.

They told us to stand here.

HaM CKa3aAH; «CxaHbTe cK>Aa!»

Take off your rubbers in the hall.

OcTaBb rajiouiH b KopHAope.

Leave your rubbers in the hall.

_ 30HTHK _

_umbrella_

A

roBopio TOJibKO o ce6e.

I’m speaking only about myself.

Mbi TOBOpHM _t_

We’re speaking_ourselves.

Bb'i roBopHTe_

You’re speaking-yourself. He’s pleased with himself.

11. 6h AOBOJieH co6oh.

OHa AOBOJibHa-

She’s_herself.

OHH AOBOJIbHbl-

They’re_ themselves.

12. Oh4 nomjia k ce6e b KOMHaTy.

She went to her room.

OHa chaht y ce6a b KOMHaTe.

She’s sitting in her room.

Oh norneji k ce6e b Giopo.

He went to his office.

Oh chaht y ce6a b Giopo.

He’s sitting in his office.

Ohh nouiJiH k ceGe HaBepx.

They’ve gone upstairs to their room.

Ohh chabt y ceGa HaBepxy.

They’re sitting in their room upstairs.

13. Kax oh Tenepb BbirAHAHT?

How does he look now?

— Oh BbirJIHAHT BnOAHe 3AOpOBbIM.

He looks completely well.

KaK OH BbirJIHAHT?

What does he look like?

— Oh noxo* Ha axyTa.

He looks like a Yakut.

—

Oh

BbirjiHAHT,

xax

HHOCTpaHeu;.

14. A o6 3tom He 3a6oHycb.

A

caM o6 3tom no3a6oHycb.

He looks like a foreigner. I’m not concerned about it. I’ll take care of it myself.

Mbi o6 Gtom He 3a6oTHMca.

We’re not concerned about it.

Mbi CaMH o6 3TOM n03a60THMCH.

We’ll take care of it ourselves.

Oh oG 3TOM He 3a6oTHTCH.

He’s not concerned about it.

Oh caM 06 Gtom no3a6oTHTCH.

He’ll take care of it himself. lesson

25

627

15. Gjihiukom Mano juoaeM 06 5tom 3HaeT.

Too few people know about this.

Tax___

So_

^OBOJIbHO-

Rather__

OneHb-

Very_

OHeHb HeMHorne (jhouh) 06 Atom 3HaioT.

Very-

ToJIbKO-

Only a-

16. CroJibKo juoaeH 06 5tom cjibiuiajio!

So many people have heard about it!

MHorae y>Ke 06 5tom cnbimajiH.

Many (people)-

CKOJibKo jnoueM 06 5tom cjibiniano?

How many people -?

17. CKOJIbKO CTaKaHOB COKa TbI Bb'mHJI?

How many glasses of juice did you drink?

— Hh oziHoro.

Not a (single) one.

— MHoro.

Lots.

— HecKOjibKo.

Several.

- CTOJIbKO, CKOJIbKO H TbI.

As many as you.

18. CKOJlbKHM JIK3AHM Bbl 06 3TOM C006lU,HJIH?

How many people have you informed of this?

- HeCKOJIbKHM.

Several.

— HeMHorHM.

A few. A lot.

- MHOrHM. — CrojibKHM, hto —

A

A

yace He iiomhk).

y>Ke He nOMHK) CKOJlbKHM.

So many I don’t remember any more. I no longer remember how many.

Pronunciation practice: clusters of three consonants with b as the initial consonant A. Clusters in which initial

b

is pronounced voiced.

1. Bap pronounced [vdr] or [vdf] [vdralp]

in

a

b apaKe

fight

[vdrugoj ras]

b apyroh pa3

next time

[vdfeljizgi]

Bupe6e3rH

into pieces 2.

B3p

pronounced [vzr] or [vzf]

[vzrif]

B3pbIB

explosion [vzroslij]

[vzfiyef]

B3peBeTb

to roar B3pOCJTbIH

adult

3. B3Ji pronounced [vzl] or [vz|] [vzlom]

B3JIOM

breaking into [vz[6t]

[vz}iza(]

B3ae3aTb

to climb

B3JieT

take-off 4. b3m pronounced [vzm] or [vzrp]

[vzmaiji(]

B3MaHHTb

to lure [vzipitnu(] to throw 628

LESSON 25

[vzmofja] seashore

B3MeTHyTb

B3Mopbe

5. B3H pronounced [vzn] or [vzp] [vzpi^l]

B3HeCTH

[vznos]

to raise

B3HOC

payment

[vznaptca]

B3HocuTbCH

to rise 6. BrH pronounced [vgn] or [vgp] [vgpilom]

[vgpiz^le]

B THHJIOM

in rotten

b

rHe3jie

in the nest

[vgnop]

meTe

b

in oppression B. Clusters in which initial 1.

bkh

b

is pronounced voiceless.

pronounced [fkn] or [fkp]

[fkpigi]

b KHiire

in the book

[fknu^e]

KHyTe

b

in the whip

[fknopkax]

b KHomcax

in buttons 2.

bcji

pronounced [fsl] or [fs|]

[fsjet]

BCJieu;

[fslux]

after

BCJiyx

aloud

[fslovi]

cnoBe

b

in the word 3.

bcm

pronounced [fsm] or [fsrp]

[fsrpitapi]

cMeTaHe

b

BCMBTKy

soft-boiled

in sour cream [fsmatfivstca]

[fsrpatku]

BCMaTpuBaTbca

to look closely 4.

bch

pronounced [fsn] or [fsp]

[fspigu]

CHery

b

[fsnop]

b CHon

into a sheaf

in snow [fspiml^i]

b

CHHMKe

in a snapshot 5. Bcp pronounced [fsr] or [fsf] [fsriyi]

b cpbrne

in breaking [fsrok]

[fsfedu]

b

cpeAy

on Wednesday

cpoK

b

in time 6. BTp pronounced [ftr] or [ftp] [ftrojs]

BTpoe

b

TpaBe

in the grass

three times [ftp]

[ftraye]

b Tpn

at three 7.

bxji

pronounced [fxl] or [fxj]

[fxjep]

b

xjied

into the bread [fxlarpi]

b

[fx[eyi]

b

xjieBe

in the cowbarn

xjiaMe

amidst rubbish lesson

25

629

STRUCTURE AND DRILLS

Verbs of putting: KJiacTb (perfective nojioacuTb) versus CTaeuTb (perfective nocTaeuTb) MODELS

Kyaa Bbi nonoacHJTH cxaTepTb?

Where did you put the tablecloth?

— Ha ctoji.

On the table.

— Ha nojiicy.

On the shelf.

— B ammo

In the drawer.

— B iuKa(J).

In the cupboard.

Kyqa OHa Kjia/ieT cTapbie ra3eTbi?

Where does she put old newspapers?

— B yroji.

In the corner.

— B 3Ty Kopo6Ky.

In this box.

— Ha noji.

On the floor.

— Ha nojiicy.

On the shelf.

Kyua Tbi nocTaBHJi moh CTaxaH?

Where did you put my glass?

— B uiKac}).

In the cupboard.

— Ha CTyji.

On the chair.

— Ha ctoji.

On the table.

— Ha okho.

On the window.

Kyjia Tbi CTaBHiiib aeMojiaH?

Where are you putting the suitcase?

— Ha non.

On the floor.

— Ha

On the chair.

CTyji.

— B GaraacHHK.

In the trunk {or baggage compartment).

— B MauiHHy.

In the car.

■ REPETITION DRILL

Repeat the given models, noting that these verbs, like the verbs of motion, are used in conjunction with Kyaa and the accusative. Note also that Russian makes a distinction between putting in an upright or standing position

(cTaBHTb, nocTaBHTb)

and putting in a flat position

(KJiacTb, nojioacHTb).

■ TRANSFORMATION DRILLS

1. I always used to put lemon in my tea. I always put lemon in my tea.

2. We put butter on the noodles. We'll put butter on the noodles.

A Bcema Rjiaji b Man jihmoh.

Mbi nojioiKHjiH b jianrny Macjio.

A scerpa KJia^y b Haft jihmoh.

Mbi

Mbi Bcerna KjiajiH b aaft jihmoh.

OHa nojioacfljia b jianuiy Macjio.

Mbi Bcerjia KJiajieM b nafi jihmoh.

OHa nojioacHT b Jianuiy Macjio.

(Tbi, OHa, Bbi, OHH, OH, B, Mbi)

nojioauiM b

jianuiy Macjio.

(a, OHH, Tbi, OH, Mbi, OHa, Bbi)

■ RESPONSE DRILLS

1. There's some sort of a cup {standing) here.

2. There always used to be napkins lying here.

I'm the one who put it there.

My sister used to put them here.

3aecb ctoht KaKaa-TO aaiuKa.

3aecb Bcema jieacajiH cajuJieTKH.

3to h ee Tyjja nocTaBHJi.

CecTpa

3jiecb jiokht KaKaa-To jioaoca.

3aecb Bcerna ctobjih CTaicaHbi.

3to h ee Ty^a nojioacHJi.

CecTpa

hx

hx

cioaa Kjiajia. ciofla CTaBHJia.

(ra3eTa, boot, njiaTOK, CTaicaH, koctiom,

(jieacajiH khhth, JieacajiH nepba, ctobjih

CTyji, kjihdh, iujiana)

nauiKH, JieacajiH peuenTbi, JieacaJiH KapaH^auiH, ctobjih cTyjiba, ctobjih Be^pa, JieacajiH 6yjiOHKH)

630

lesson

25

■ QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS

1. What should I do with the glasses?

2. Where's the milk?

Put them in the cupboard.

I'm already putting the milk on the table.

Hto MHe nejiaTb co CTaicaHaMH?

r^e MOJIOKO?

IIoCTaBb HX B lllkiu]).

A

Hto MHe aejiaTb c uiamcoH?

Tue xjie6?

IlojioacM ee b nikaij),

A

yace craBJiio mojioko Ha ctoji.

yace KJia^y xjie6 Ha ctoji.

(naniKaMH, 6ejibeM, MonajiKOH, bhhom,

(iihbo, cajicJjeTKH, 6opm, cxaTepTb, yxa,

py6auiKaMH, k>6koh, cajicjieTKaMH,

jioacicH, cyn, Hoacn)

mojiokom)

3. Is it all right to put the suitcase here? No, don't put it there. Moamo CKma nocTaBHTb neMOAaH? HeT, He CTaBbTe ero Ty^a.

Moamo ciozia nonoacHTb 6yMarn? HeT, He KjiaflHTe hx TyAa. (nocTaBHTb MauiHHy, nonoacHTb nanxy, nocTaBHTb npoHrpbiBaTejib,

nonoacHTb

6yjIOHKH, nOJIOa), jioacHTbCH (perfective Jienb) versus JieacaTb (perfective nojieacaTb), CTaHOBHTbca (perfective CTaTb) versus cTOHTb (perfective nocTOHTb) MODELS He caziHCb Ha stot CTyji!

Don’t sit down in that chair!

A cioAa cany, Ha otot CTyji.

I’ll sit down here, in this chair.

noneMy Tbi CHAHLUb Ha 3TOM CTyjie?

Why are you sitting in this chair?

A nocHacy 3Aecb eme MHHyTKy.

I’ll sit here a minute longer.

He jioacHTecb Ha 3eMJiio.

Don’t lie down on the ground.

/faBaifre jiaareM Ha TpaBy.

Let’s lie down on the grass.

Hto 3to jieaoiT boh t4m Ha TpaBe?

What’s that lying on the grass over there?

nojieaoi bot 3Recb Ha KpoBara, Te6e h4ao

Lie on the bed here awhile; you need to rest a bit.

HeMHOrO OTAOXHyTb. He cTaHOBHTecb b 3Ty oaepeAt!

Don’t get in (or step into) that line.

CTaHbTe jiynuie boh b Ty oHepe/m.

Get in that line over there instead.

Tbi

Did you stand in line long?

aojito

croana

b

oaepeAH?

HeT, a nocTOHJia b onepeAH Bcero naTb mhh\/t.

No, I stood in line only five minutes. lesson

25

631

Kyaa eMy aeab?

Where should he lie down?

_ cecTb?

_sit down?

_ CTaTb?

_stand?

Kyaa

Where are you going to lie down?

Tbi aaaceuib?

_caaeuib?

_to sit down?

_CTaHeuib?

_to stand?

Ctoh 3^ecb, y oKHa!

Stand here by the window!

CraHb cioaa, 6an)Ke k OKHy!

Step over here closer to the window!

JleacH TyT, y cTeHbi!

Lie here by the wall!

JIar cioaa, 6an)Ke

k

Lie down here closer to the wall!

cTeHe!

Ch^h 3necb, y CToaa!

Sit here at the table!

Caai> cioaa,

Sit down here at the table!

k

crony!

■ REPETITION DRILL

Repeat the given models, noting that the directional verbs noacHTbCH

(jienb),

caanTbca (cecTb), and

CTaHOBHTbCH (cTaTb) are normally used in conjunction with Kyaa and the accusative, while their loca¬ tional counterparts, neacaTb (noneacaTb),

cnaeTb (nocnaeTb),

and cTOHTb (nocTOHTb), are used in con¬

junction with me and the prepositional.

■ STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS 2. Why is he lying in bed?

1. Where does he usually sit? Where does he usually sit down?

Why is he getting into bed?

Lae oh obbiHHo chhht?

rioneMy oh neaarr b kpobbth?

Kyaa

IIOHeMy OH JIO)KHTCH B KpOB3Tb?

oh

o6biHHo caanTca?

Tne Tbi o6mhho CHanuib?

rioaeMy

Kyaa Tbi

rioneMy ohh jioacaTca b KpoBaTb?

o6biHHO

caaHiubcn?

(Bbl, OHa, OHH, Tbi, OH)

ohh

aeacaT

b

KpoBaTH?

(Tbi, Bbl, OHa, OHH, oh)

■ EXPANSION DRILLS 1. When will you rest?

2.

I'll take a little nap.

When will you sit down and rest?

I'll lie down and take a little nap.

Koraa tm oTaoxHeuib?

A

Koraa Tbi cnaeuib

A Jiairy

h

OTaoxHeuib?

Koraa bm oT,aoxHeTe?

6h

Koraa Bbi ciiaeTe h oTaoxHcre? (Bama MaTb,

ohh, mm, oh, a, Tbi,

HeMHoro h

nocnaio.

HeMHoro nocnjiio.

HeMHoro

nocnHT.

Oh JiaaceT h HeMHoro nocni'iT. OHa,

(mm, bm, OHa, tm, ohh, OTeu,

Bbl)

a,

6a6ymKa)

■ STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS 1. 77/ sit down at this table.

2.

In winter I usually went to bed early.

I'm sitting down at this table.

I went to bed early yesterday.

A caay

3hmoh

A

3a 3tot CToa.

caacycb 3a

Mbi

caaeM 3a stot cron.

Mb'i caaHMca 3a

CTyaeHTbi,

632

a)

lesson 25

perncTpaTop,

o6mhho

paHo aoaoiaca

3hmoh mm o6mhho paHo

Bnepa

otot ctoji.

(bm, noapyru, Tbi,

a

cnaTb.

Bnepa a paHo ner cnaTb.

ttot ctoji.

OHa,

mm paHo

(OHa, OH,

Bbl,

noaoinHCb cnaTb.

nernn cnaTb. MaTb, aeTH)

3. I'll take this bus.

4. I got (or stepped) into line.

I just got on the bus.

I'm getting in line.

A ckpy Ha 3tot aBToSyc.

A CTaji b onepe^b.

TOJibKO hto ceji b aBToSyc.

it CTaHOBJiiocb b onepeflb.

Oh4 cafleT Ha aBTo6yc.

Tbi cTajia b onepejib.

OHa TOJibKO hto cejia b aBTo6yc.

Tbi

(MbI, OH, OHH,

Bbl,

OHa)

CTaHOBHUlbCH b OHepe^b.

(MbI,

OHa, OHH,

Bbl,

OH, TOpHHHHafl)

DISCUSSION The directional verbs JioacHTbca (jienb), ca uiri.cH (cecTb), and cTaHOBHTbcn (craTb) are ordinarily used in conjunction with KyM where to and always involve a change in position. They contrast with the locational verbs jieacaTb (nojieacaTb), cH^eTb (nocw^eTb), and cTOHTb (nocTOHTb), which are used in conjunction with r^e where and do not involve a change in position. Note that some of these verbs are used in special expressions: jioacHTbca (jienb) cnaTb

to go to bed (retire)

ca^HTbca (cecTb) ua aBTobyc

to take a bus

caziHTbca (cecTb) b aBTobyc

to get on the bus

can,HTbca (cecTb) Ha (or b) noe3n

to take a train, board a train

ca^HTbCa (cecTb) b MamHHy

to get in the car

ca^HTbca (cecTb) 3a pa6oTy

to settle down to work, sit down and start working to stay home

cH^eTb AOMa

Demonstrative pronouns

3tot

and

tot;

special expressions using

Declension of the demonstrative pronouns Masculine NOM

ACC

Neuter

Feminine

5tot

3TOT

3TO

3Ta

3TH

TO

Ta

Te

GEN

3TO

3Ty

TO

Ty

(like nom or gen)

3TOTO TOTO

PREP

tot

Plural

TOT

(like nom or gen)

and

tot

3THX

Tex

(06) 3TOM

(o)

TOM 3TOH

DAT

3TOMy

TOH

TOMy

INSTR

3THM TeM

3THM

3THMH

TeM

TCMH

Of the two demonstratives, ttot is much more widely used and embraces the notions this and that. Tot, in addition to meaning that (remote), is also used to emphasize the contrast with ttot, or in special expressions, for example: h tot h flpyroii

both (of them)

hh tot, hh Apyroii

neither (of them) lesson 25

633

He tot

the wrong (one)

c Tex nop

since then, since that time

tot >xe caMbiii

the same, the very same

oahh h tot ace

one and the same, the very same

MODELS 5th nacbi

This watch is more expensive than that.

Aopoace Tex.

5to najitTO Kopone toto.

This coat is shorter than that.

5Ta ropHHHHaa cHMnaTHHHee toh.

This maid is nicer than that.

5tot nnpor BicycHee toto.

This pirog is tastier than that.

Tbi B3aji He Ty cxaTepTb.

You took the wrong tablecloth.

_ He tot njiam.

_raincoat.

_ He Te maxMaTbi.

_chess set.

_ He Ty MoaajiKy.

_ sponge.

_ He TO Mb'lJIO.

_ soap.

_He Te KOHt^eTbi.

_candy.

Kaxym iHJiany Bbi 6epeTe, 3Ty hjih Ty?

Which hat are you taking, this one or that?

— Hh Ty, hh npyryio.

Neither one.

— H Ty h Apyryio.

Both.

6h roBopnji c TeM ace caMbiM HenoBeicoM.

He talked to the same man.

_ c toh ace caMOH aceHmHHOH.

_ to the same woman.

_ C

A

TeMH ace

CaMbIMH AIOAbMH.

ee Biiacy Bcer^a b oahom h tom ace njiaTbe.

_to the same people. I always see her in the same dress.

_ b oahoh h toh ace mjiane.

_ in the same hat.

_ b oahom h tom ace

_ in the same suit.

KOCTIOMe. y Bac HOBaa cxaTepTb?

Is that a new tablecloth you have?

— HeT, Ta ace caMaa.

No, [it’s] the same one.

y Bac HOBbie aacbi?

Is that a new watch you have?

— HeT, Te ace caMbie.

No, [it’s] the same one.

y Bac HOBoe naAbTo?

Is that a new coat you have?

— HeT, to ace caMoe.

No, [it’s] the same one.

y Bac HOBblH 30HTHK?

Is that a new umbrella you have?

— HeT, tot ace caMbiib

No, [it’s] the same one.

■ REPETITION DRILL Repeat the given models illustrating the usage of 5tot and

tot.

Notice particularly the special expres^

sions using the various forms of tot. ■ RESPONSE DRILLS 1. This grill isn't bad.

2. I can't decide which raincoat I should take.

Yes, but that one is much better.

Take that black one over there.

3Ta 3aKycoHHaa HennoxaH.

A

^a, ho Ta ropa3AO 5to

Ha,

Jiynuie.

njiam.

Kac])e Hennoxoe. ho to

Bo3bMH BOH TOT HepHbIH.

ropa3AO Jiynuie.

(GycjieT, CTOAOBaa, BejiocHneAM,

He Mory peuiHTb, KaicoH mh6 B3«Tb

A miam,

uiBeHHaa MauiHHa, hhtkh, Aopora, caA)

He

Mory

peuiHTb, Kaicyio MHe B3HTb

io6icy. Bo3bMH BOH Ty HepHyH).

(njiaTbe, nAaTKH,

mjiany,

naAbTo,

KOCTIOM, 30HTHK, CyMOHKy)

634

lesson 25

■ QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS

1. Which hat are you taking, this one or that?

Which record did he like, this one or that?

2.

Both of them.

Neither one.

Kaicyio

iujiany Bbi Gepfrre, 3Ty hjih Ty?

Kaicaji njiacTHHKa eMy noHpaBHiracb, 3Ta

H Ty

npyryio.

h

KaKOH cnoBapt

H tot

h

hjih Ta? Hh Ta,

Bbi Gepere, stot hjih tot?

iipyrofi.

hh

npyraH.

KaKoe nHBO eMy noHpaBHJiocb, sto hjih

(nepo, KOCTioMbi, acypHaji, pamio,

to?

Hh to, hh upyroe.

KHHrn, KOJiGacy, njiam)

(KOH(|)eTbi, nopTcJiejib, Hacbi, MbiJio, nah, 6yjioHKH, pbiGa)

■ STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS

1. These are not our seats.

You gave a different address.

2.

We took the wrong seats.

You gave me the wrong address.

3to He HamH MecTa.

Bbi MHe naJiH ApyroS anpec.

Mbi

ce.iH He Ha Te MecTa.

c)to He Haiu aBTo6yc. Mbi

cejiH

He b

tot aBTo6yc.

(noe3fl, CTyjiba,

Bbi

MHe AaJiH He

Bbi

MHe AaJiH Apyryio KBHTaHHHio.

Bbi

MHe AajiH He Ty KBHTaHiiHio.

tot

anpec.

(GyMarn, KomejieK, HOMep, cneT,

BaroH, MauiHHa,

caMOjieT, MecTa)

nocbmKy, njiaui, TajiOHbi)

DISCUSSION

The Russian demonstrative pronouns

5tot

and

tot

do not correspond accurately to English this

and that. English this usually refers to something close to the speaker, while Russian

stot

indicates that

which is both close and intermediate in distance. English that is much more general than English this and is used to define anything.beyond what is immediately near the speaker. Russian

tot,

on the other

hand, is very specific in its usage; it refers to that which is rather far removed or remote and is fre¬ quently used together with

boh

over there, yonder.

The pronoun caM SINGULAR

Masculine

Neuter

NOM

caM

caMO

caMa

ACC

{like nom or

caMO

caMy1

Feminine

PLURAL CaMH

{like

nom

or

gen)

gen) GEN

caMoro

PREP

CaMOM

DAT

caMOMy

CaMHM

INSTR

CaMHM

CaMHMH

CaMHX CaMOH

1 An alternate feminine accusative form, caMoe, also exists as a literary variant of caMy. LESSON 25

635

MODELS

CaM /inpeKTop 3to CKa3aji.

The director himself said it.

CaMa Hima lleTpoBHa sto cKa3ajia

Nina Petrovna herself said it.

A

I’ll do it myself.

caM

sto c^eJiaio.

OHa caMa 3to ctiejiaeT.

She’ll do it herself.

CicaxcHTe 3to

caMOMy AHpeKTopy.

Tell it to the director himself.

CicaxcHTe 3to

eMy caMOMy.

Tell it to him personally. We saw the cosmonaut himself.

caMoro KOCMOHaBTa.

Mbi

We saw him in person.

BHAeJiH ero caMoro.

Mb'i

Cnpocii caMy neBHuy.

Ask the singer herself.

CnpocH ee caMy.

Ask her in person.

EMy caMOMy sto He HpaBHTca.

He himself doesn’t like it.

Eh caMOH-

She herself-

Hm CaMHM_

They themselves-

Ohh

They themselves will tell you that.

caMH BaM sto cxaxcyT.

■ REPETITION DRILL

Repeat the given models, noticing the usage ol

pronoun caM.

■ EXPANSION DRILLS

1. She doesn’t have any money.

2. They're expecting the director.

She herself doesn’t have any money.

They're expecting the director himself.

y Hee h6t ^eHer.

Ohh oxcHAaioT ^HpeKTopa.

Y Hee caMofi h£t fleHer.

Ohh oacH^aioT caMoro anpeKTopa.

y Hero h6t aeHer.

Ohh oacHAamT xceHy ^upeKTopa.

y Hero caMoro HeT aeHer.

Ohh oiKH^aioT caMy aceHy zmpeKTopa.

(hhx, MeHH,

Hac,

Hee,

Bac, Ojiera, Maum)

(cneunajiHCTOB, aMepnicaHicy, peKTopa, neBHuy, npoc[)eccopoB, flOKTOpa, yHHTejibHHpy)

■ QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS

1. Have you talked with Zina? No, I haven’t talked with her personally. Tbi noroBopnji c

HeT, c

Hen

caMofi

3hhoh? a He roBopifJi.

2. Did it happen near Moscow? No, in Moscow itself. ckro c;iyHHJiocb B03Jie Mockbm?

HeT, b caMoii Mockbc.

Tbi noroBopuji c kocmoh£ibtom?

3to cjiyHHJiocb B03Jie Mara3Hiia?

HeT, c

HeT, b

hum caMHM a He rosopiiJi.

caMOM

Mara3Hiie.

(cneunajiHCTaMH, npocJieccopoM

(3aKycoHHoii, MHTypncTa, o6iu,e)KHTHa,

KypoHKHHbiM, neBHuefi Opjioboh,

cena,

mKOJibi)

ee poACTBeHHHKaMH, ee otiiom, ee poAHTenaMH) ■ RESPONSE DRILLS

1. I'm tired myself.

2. I myself don't have the time.

I need to take a rest myself.

I'm busy myself.

A

y MeHa caMoro h6t BpeMeHH.

caM ycTan.

Mh6 Tbi

caMOMy Hyacuo OT^oxiiyTb.

caMa ycTaJia.

Te6e caMofi

nyaaio OTAOXHyTb.

(Mbi, OHa, OHH, OH, Bbl)

636

lesson

25

A y

caM 3aHHT. HHX CaMHX HeT BpeMeHH.

Ohh

caMH

3aHHTbi.

(y Hee, y Hero, y Hac, y MeHa, y Hee, y Bac)

DISCUSSION

The pronoun caM ordinarily precedes the noun but follows the pronoun: CaM XpymeB sto cxa3aji. 6h caM 3to cxa3aji.

Khrushchev himself said it. He himself said it.

noroBopn c caMoft Hhhoh.

Talk with Nina herself. Talk with her personally.

noroBopn c Heft caMoft.

Do not confuse the pronoun caM oneself, in person with caMbift the most, the very. Except for the two nominative forms, caM and caMH, the pronoun caM takes the stress on the endings: caMoro, caMOMy, caMoft, caMHX, and so forth. CaMbiii, on the other hand, is declined like a regular hard-stem adjective and has a fixed stress on the stem throughout its declension: caMoro, caMOMy, caMoft, caMbix, and so forth. Note particularly that, like most pronouns, the final stem consonant of caM is softened in the plural and the endings are spelled -h, -hx, -hm, and -hmh : caMH, caMHX, c3mmm, cumiimk.

The reflexive personal pronoun ce6n The reflexive personal pronoun ceba has no nominative form but is used in all the other cases. It derives its meaning from the subject to which it refers. The forms are:

ACC-GEN

PREP-DAT

INSTR

ce6a

ce6e

coboft (coboio)1

MODELS

Kax Tbi ceba HyBCTByeuib? Kax Bbi ceba ayBCTByeTe? A ceba xopomo ayBCTByio.

How do you feel? How do you feel? I feel fine.

Ohh xynaT ce6e MamftHy. Mbi xynHM-

They’ll buy themselves a car. I’ll buy myself a car. We’ll buy ourselves a car.

Bo3bMHTe c coboft noxyMeHTbi. Mbi B3BJIH C Co6oft HOXyMeHTbl.

Take your documents with you. We took along our documents.

6h »HBeT TOJIbXO HJIB ce6a. OHa »CHBeT-

He lives for himself alone. She lives for herself alone. You live for yourself alone.

—

A

xynjuo-

Tbi acHBeuib-

6h nyTb He cjioMaji ce6e Hory.

A

_

Tbi-

OHa nouiJia x ce6e b xoMHaTy. 6h nomejiOhh nouuiH --— ^HpexTop y ce6a? Ohh npHrnacHJiH Hac x ce6e.

He almost broke his leg. I almost broke my leg. You almost broke your leg. She went to her room. He went to hisThey went to their — Is the director in? They invited us to their place.

1 The alternate instrumental form co66k> is generally encountered in literary works. LESSON

25

637

■ REPETITION DRILL

Repeat the given models illustrating the usage of ceda. Note that y ceda often corresponds to the English in, c codofi to the English along, and cede is sometimes used in Russian where English uses a pos¬ sessive pronoun. ■ STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS

2. They aren't concerned about anything.

1. He's pleased with the job. He's pleased with himself.

They aren't concerned about themselves.

Oh AOBOJieH padoToft.

Ohh hh o aeM He 3adoTHTca.

Oh AOBOJieH codofi.

Ohh He 3a6oTHTca o cede.

OHa flOBOJibHa padoToft.

A hh o aeM He 3adoHycb.

OHa noBOJibHa codofi.

A

He 3ad6nycb o cede. (Mbi, OHa, Bbl, OH, TbI, OHH,

(Bbl, OHH, TbI, OH, MbI, fl)

a)

■ RESPONSE DRILLS

2. I'll pour you some tea.

1. I got ready in five minutes. I'm amazed at myself.

Never mind, we'll pour our own.

A codpanca 3a naTb mhhyt.

A Hajibio BaM aaio.

A

HHMero, mm caMH cede HaJibeM.

caM cede ynHBJiaiocb.

A Hajibio Tede Haio.

Mb'i codpajincb 3a naTb mhhyt. Mbi caMH

cede

Hanero, a caMa cede

yaHBJiaeMca.

Hajibio.

(hm, Tede, eMy, BaM, eft, hm)

(oh, OHH, a, OHa, Mbi) ■ QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS

2. You're not taking a raincoat?

1. Is she better? Yes, she feels much better.

No, I'll take along an umbrella.

Eh y>Ke Jiynine?

Tbi He depeuib njrama?

/Ja, OHa ceda nyBCTByeT ropa3.no jiyniue.

HeT, a B03bMy c codon 30HTHK.

Tede yaKHbift caM 3a ceda.

It

somehow turned out that

way (of itself).

That’s something else again. Every man for himself.

Indefinite expressions of quantity: mhoto, HeMHoro, CKOJibKO, HecKOJibKo, and CTOjibKO The indefinite expressions of quantity previously encountered include the following: mhoto much, many, lots; MaJio little, few; hcmhoto a little; CKOJibico how much, how many; CTOJibKO so much, so many; HecKOJibKo several, a few; and CTOJibKO... CKOJibKO as much (or as many) . . . as.

638

lesson

25

In the nominative and accusative, these indefinite expressions of quantity are accompanied by the genitive case (usually plural). When they are used as the subject of the clause, the verb is in the neuter singular. However, in the oblique cases (genitive, prepositional, dative, and instrumental), they are re¬ placed by forms with the adjectival endings

-hx, -hm,

and -hmh:1

NOM-ACC

MHOTO

HeMHOTO

CKOJibKO

HeCKOJIbKO

CTOJIbKO

GEN-PREP

MHOTHX

HeMHOTHX

CKOJIbKHX

HeCKOJIbKHX

CTOJIbKHX

DAT

MHOTHM

HeMHOTHM

CKOJIbKHM

HeCKOJIbKHM

CTOJIbKHM

INSTR

MHOTHMH

HeMHOTHMH

CKOJIbKHMH

HeCKOJIbKHMH

CTOJIbKHMH

MODELS CKOJibKO HejioBeK 6biJio Ha co6paHHH?

How many people were at the meeting?

— Bbuio Bcero HecKOJibKO HejioBeK.

There were just a few people there.

— EbiJio Mano jnonefi.

There weren’t many people there.

— Eb'uio CTOJibKo Hapony!

There were so many people there!

Kynfi CTOJibKo MacJia, CKOJibKO cMoaceuib.

Buy as much butter as you can.

_ caxapy _

_ sugar -

_ afiu_

_as many eggs_

-

_ tomatoes_

noMHnopoB_

Co CKOJIbKHMH CTyneHTaMH Bb'l TOBOpHJIH? -

A

TOBOpfijI CO MHOTHMH CTyneHTaMH.

How many students did you talk with? I talked with many students.

_ C HeCKOJIbKHMH H3 HHX.

_with several of them.

_

_with a few of them.

C HeMHOrHMH H3 HHX.

_ CO CTOJIbKHMH H3 HHx! ■

_with so many of them!

REPETITION DRILL

Repeat the given models, noting that in the nominative and accusative cases the indefinite expressions of quantity are followed by the genitive case. In the oblique cases, however, the declined forms must be used. The exception is ■

Majio,

which is not used in the oblique cases.

STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS

1. Many stores were closed.

■

2. A few Americans know this.

Lots of stores were closed.

Too few Americans know this.

MHorne Mara3HHbi Gmjih 3aicpbiTbi.

HeMHorne aMepHKaHUbi 3to 3HaioT.

Mhoto Mara3HHOB obi.io 3aKpbiTO.

Majio aMepHKaHpeB 3to 3HaeT.

MHOTHe KHHO 6b'lJIH 3aKpbITbI.

HeMHorne pyccKHe sto 3HaioT.

MHOTO KHHO OblJIO 3aKpbITO.

Majio pyccKHX sto

3HaeT.

(6aHH, 6ropO, KHOCKH, CTOJIOBbie,

(nnpeKTopa, TypHCTbi, po^HTejiH,

pecTopaHbi, Kaijie, 3aicycoHHbie)

HHOCTpaHqbi, THAbi, paboHHe)

QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS

1. Should I buy tomatoes?

2. Do we have any butter left?

Yes, buy a few tomatoes.

Yes, there is a little butter left.

Kymfrb noMHAOpbi?

Y Hac ocTaJiocb Macno?

Jlsi,

/Ia, Macjia HeiviHoro ocTajiocb.

KynH HecKOJibKO noMH^opoB.

KynfiTb Mua?

y Hac ocTajiocb mojioko?

Jfk,

/Ia, MOJiOKa HeMHoro ocrajiocb.

KynH HecKOJibKO hhu.

(jihmohm, orypubi, noMHnopbi,

(xjieb, cyn, caxap, yxa, nHBO, Bona,

rpnGbi, nnpojKKH, 6yjiKH, anna)

6yMara, KOHtjieTbi)

i Mmo is never used in the oblique cases. lesson

25

639

■ RESPONSE DRILLS

2. You bought eggs again.

1. These women are engineers. How many women engineers are there in the

Tbi

Soviet Union? B

COBeTCKOM C0K)3e

onaTb Kymui anna.

3aneM Tbi noKynaeuib cTo^bKO hhii?

3tH JKeHLUHHbl — HHHceHepw.

CKOJIbKO

Why do you buy so many eggs?

Tbi

5K6HUIHH-

onaTb KynHJi xjie6.

3aHeM Tbi noKynaeuib CTOJibKO xjie6a?

HHSKeHepOB?

^TH >KeHLHHHbI -BpaHH.

(noMHAOpbi, bhho, pbi6y, Macjio,

CKOJIbKO

KOJiGacy, mojioko, jihmohm, (JipyKTbi)

B

COBeTCKOM COK)3e

aceHiuHH-BpaHeft? (TexHHKH, npeno^aBaTejiH, yHeHbie,

npotjieccopa, cneunajiHCTbi, (})H3hkh, HCTOpHKH, XHMHKH, IUO(J)epbl)

■ STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS

2. We saw many bathhouses.

1. There were many tourists here. I spoke with many tourists.

We’ve been in many bathhouses.

3aecb 6buio mhoto TypficTOB.

MbI BHaeJIH mhoto 6aHb.

MbI SbIBaJIH BO MHOrHX 6aHHX.

rOBOpHJI CO MHOTHMH TypHCTaMH.

BnaejiH HecKOJibKo 6aHb.

3aecb 6buio CTOJibKO TypucTOBl

Mb'i

51 TOBOpHJI CO CTOJIbKHMH TypHCTaMH.

MbI GbIBaJIH

(HeMHOTO, HeCKOJIbKO, MHOTO, CTOJibKO)

B

HeCKOJIbKHX 6aHHX.

(HeMHOTO, CTOJibKO, MHOTO, HecKOJibKo)

DISCUSSION

It is important to notice the distinction between MaJio little, few on the one hand and hcmhoto and HecKOJibKo on the other. MaJio expresses the essentially negative notion of insufficiency: Y Hac Majio xjie6a.

We have [too] little bread.

Y hhx Majio upy3eH.

They have [very] few friends.

HeMHoro and HecKOJibKo, despite their negative prefixes, express a more positive notion. Heacojibko is used only with plural nouns and hcmhoto is more often used with singular, mass nouns: y Hac 6buio

HeMHoro

We had a little bread,

xjie6a.

y Hac 6buio HecKOJibKo 6jih3khx npy3en.

We had a few close friends.

For reference to indefinite numbers of people, the genitive forms Jiio^eH, Hapojiy, and nejiOBeK are used. With mhoto, Maao, and ctojh>ko either jiiojieH or Hapo^y can be used: TaM 6b'uio mhoto (Majio, CTOJibKO) Jiiouen. TaM 6b'uio mhoto (m4jio, CTOJibKO) Hapoay.

There were many (few, so many) people here.

With CKOJIbKO, either Hapo^y or nejiOBeK can be used: CKOJIbKO t4m Gb'uio nejioBeK?

How many people were there?

CKOJIbKO TaM 6b'uio Hapouy?

With

HecKOJibKo,

however, only

TaM Gbuio HecKOJibKo nejioBeK.

nejioBeK

may be used: There were several people there.

Hapojt has two possible genitive singular forms: Hapo^a and Hapojiy. Use of the latter focuses on the people as a collective mass.

640

lesson 25

nOBTOPEHHE — Tbi BHflen, xaxyio Bhxtop xynHJi ce6e nuumy? — Oh, HaBepHO, xoneT BbirnaneTb aMepHxaHpeM. — Hnxaxaa mjiana eMy He noMoxceT. Bee paBHo epaay bhuho, hto oh pyccxHH. — He noHHMaK), noneMy sto cTOJibxo peGaT xotjit Gbrrb noxoacHMH Ha HHocTpaHHeB? Pa3Be xyace Gb'iTb pyccxHM? — KoHeHHO, hot. npocTO Bee coBeTCKoe ohh BHnaT xaambiH neHb — y Bcex to xce caMoe, a OHH He XOTOT GbITb nOXOJKHMH Ha HpyTHX. — no>KajiyH.

A noTOM ohh, HaBepHO, uyMaioT, hto Tax Jierne noHpaBHTbca neBymxaM.

— /Ja, k coxcaneHHK), ohh npaBbi. Hohth Bee neByiuxH HHTepecyiOTca HHOCTpaHuaMH.

A ecjiH He caMHMH HHOCTpaHuaMH, to hx BemaMH, bo bchkom cjiynae. — Taxaa nocaua — Mbi c TajieH ono3najiH Bnepa b xhho Ha nojinaca, a (J)HJibM GbiJi oneHb MHTepecHbiH. — noneMy ace Bbi ono3uajiH, OnnHnn? no3AHO bbihijih H3 noMy? — HeT, xax par oneHb paHo. Mbi xynHJiH Ghjictm, h y Hac ocTaBanocb eui,e Gojibine nojiynaca ho Hanajia.

— H Bbi noHiJiH ryjTHTb h 3a6biJiH o xhho, na? — HeT. —

npeunoacHJi 3aHTH b Mara3HH: MHe Hano Gbuio xynHTb hhu.

A, Tenepb noHHMaio. Ctohjih b onepeun h b pe3yjibTaTe ono3najiH, BepHO?

— CoBepmeHHO BepHO. CHanajia b onepenH x nponaBunme, noTOM x xacce, 3aTeM onaTb x npouaBiHHUe. Ha Bee

sto

ynuio Gojibine naca!

— Cpa3y bhuho, hto bu HHOCTpaHeu. Pa3Be moxcho Tax exopo xynHTb

Mu,a?

— Tenepb a 3Haio, hto Hejib3a. TaMapa ye3acana Ha ceBep Ha npaxraxy, h BauHM npoBoacan ee. Oh b3hji ee MajieHbxhh neMOuaHHHx h noHec ero uo aBToGyca. Ha BOX3aji ohh npHexajiH paHO, h b hx pacnopaxceHHH 6bui eme uejibiH nac. Ohh Bocn6jib30BauHCb Gthm h nouuiH b GycfieT BbinHTb xo(J)e co CBeacHMH 6yjiOHxaMH. Ohh cHuenH h tobophjih o GynymeM. OGohm 6wjio HeBeceno, h BauHM totob 6bui noexaTb BMecTe c TaMapon, ho He mot ocraBHTb paGoTy. Ohh uoroBopHJiHCb nacTO nncaTb nncbMa, h BauHM pernHJi npnexaTb xax TOJibxo cMo>xeT.

HBaH HnxojiaeBHH nacTO BHuen pexjiaMbi hoboto nnBa h peuinji, HaxoHeu, xynHTb ero. Oh npHrjiacHJi cbohx upy3eH, xynHJi xojiGacbi, Macjia, xjie6a, orypuoB —

060

BceM nouyMajr.

Focth npHinjiH, cejiH 3a ctoji. HbAh HHxojiaeBHH yxce xoTeji cxa3aTb: «/I,aBaHTe BbinbeM hoboto nHBa, nocMOTpHM, xaxoe oho», ho Bupyr 3aMeTHji, hto nnBa Ha CTOJie HeT. Kax sto motjio cjiyHHTbca? HeyxcejiH b cnernxe oh 3a6biJi o caMOM maBHOM — o nHBe? Ra, x coxxHJT, hto oh noeueT Ha BejiocHneue h b uba cneTa npnBe3eT nnBo. Bee 6biu

6biJin

oneHb uoBOJibHbi. Ho Gojibuie Bcex

uoBOJieH caM neTa: eMy, xax B3pocjioMy, npeu-roxHJiH CTaxaH nnBa. Haua h Caina aMepnxaHHbi, ohh pouHJincb b C11IA, ho pounTejin hx pyccxHe. M 6paT h

cecTpa MOJioubi, h >XH3Hb hx nojiHa njiaHOB, xax sto 6biBaeT y jifouen hx B03pacTa. JleTOM, HanpHMep, ohh co6npaioTca noexaTb b EBpony, a orryna b Cobctcxhh Coio3. Ohh MHoro cjibiuiajiH ot pouHTejieH 06 stoh CTpaHe, mhoto HHTajin o Hen h uaBHo y>xe mchtbiot no¬ exaTb Tyna. PouHTeiiH Haun h Camn HayHHJiH hx npexpacHO roBopHTb no-pyeexn, a noTOM eme h b yHHBepCHTeTe ohh cnymajiH xypebi pyeexoro a3bixa, jiHTepaTypbi h hctophh. lesson

25

641

LESSON

PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION

Ojie c

Bb'iHTH 3aMy>K (3a plus acc)

Myaceivi

HyHCHa

26

KOMHaTa

to get married (said of women only)

Ojih BbiuiJia 3aMy».

Olya got married.

Mpa, Tbi cjibiiuajia HOBOCTb? Ojih Bbiuuia

Ira, have you heard the news? Olya got married,

3aMyac.

wedding

CBa^bGa

Ha npouuioH nene-ie 6bi.ia CBajjbSa.

The wedding was last week.

3a Koro ona BbiuiJia 3aMyac?

Whom did she marry?

OHa BbiuiJia 3aMy)K 3a Muxaujia ConoBbeBa.

She married Mikhail Solovyov, petroleum, oil (adj)

HeijjTJIHOH

3a MHxaHJia CojiOBbeBa H3 He^THHoro

Michael Solovyov, from the Petroleum Institute.

HHCTHTyTa.

Tbi ero, BepoHTiio, 3Haeuib?

You probably know him.

^a, KaaceTca.

Yes, I guess so.

6jiohjihh

blond (man)

BbICOKHH

high, tall

TaKou BbicoKHH 6jioh,h;hh?

brown

KapHH, -aa, -ee TaKOH BbICOKHH

6jiohjihh,

C KapHMH TJia3aMH?

Kind of a tall blond with brown eyes? that’s right; that’s the one; yes, yes

BOT, BOT

Yes, that’s the one!

Bot, bot!

gifted, capable, able, clever

cnoco6HbiH Oh CHMnaTHHHbiH h oneHb cnocoSHbin.

ocTajicH

eme rou

He’s nice and very gifted. graduate work, graduate study

acnHpaHTypa

EMy

Kind of a tall blond?

acnnpaHTypbi.

He has one more year of graduate work left.

KaBKa3

the Caucasus

BaKy

Baku

nojiyuaTb, nojiynaioT (i)

to receive; to get, obtain

noTOM oh nojiynaeT pa6oTy Ha KaBKa3e, b

Baku.

BaKy.

Hy, h pajia 3a Ojho. •4 (")3epo Piiua

After that he’s getting a job in the Caucasus, in

b

KaBKibcKHx ropax.

Well, I’m happy for Olya. 643

noica hto

in the meantime, meanwhile

[pakasto]

A r^e ace ohh nona hto 6y/iyT vkhtb?

But where will they live in the meantime?

Ojihh, -a, -o

Olya’s

nepeexaTb, nepee^yT (pfv i)

to cross (by vehicle); to run over (with a vehicle); to move, change residence Will they move to Olya’s brother’s place?

Ohh nepee^yT k OjiHHOMy 6paTy?

he has (lit. that one has)

y Toro

No, he has a large family.

HeT, y Toro SojibtuaH ceMbH.

tight, cramped, crowded

TeCHblH

They themselves are crowded.

Hm CaMHM TeCHO.

to turn around, turn over

noBepHyTbca, —yTCH (pfv i) IIoBepHyTbCH Heme.

There’s no room to turn around in.

MnxaHJi Ha^eeTCH nojiyHHTb KOMHaTy b

Mikhail hopes to get a room in the dorm.

OOmeHCHTHH.

paCCHHTbIBaTb,

-aiOT

to count on, figure on (or out); to estimate

(i)

Ha 3TO TpyjHO paCCHHTbIBaTb.

It’s hard to count on it.

Hm npH^eTCH chhtb KOMHaTy b nacTHOM AOMe.

They’ll have to rent a room in a private house.

3to ropa3flo y#o6Hee, xoth h ^opo>Ke.

It’s much more comfortable, even though it’s more expensive.

k TOMy ace

[ktamuzi]

furthermore, besides, in addition, what’s more

K TOMy ace 5to ropa3,no y^oSHee, xoth h

Besides,

it’s

much

more

comfortable,

though it’s more expensive.

Aopoace.

Ohh h cbmh pa^bi 6bi.

They’d be happy to.

noaxoAamHH

suitable, right; proper, appropriate

HejierKo

it’s not easy; it’s hard

Ohh h

caMH

even

paibi 6bi, ho HejierKo HaiiiH

noAxoAHUiyn).

They’d be happy to, but it’s hard to find a suit¬ able one.

He no KapMaHy

beyond one’s means, too expensive

Bee He no KapMaHy.

Everything’s too expensive,

CBeT

world; light

Ha Kparo cBeTa

way out in the middle of nowhere, in some Godforsaken place (lit. at the edge of the world)

Bee Ha Kpaio CBeTa.

Everything’s way out in the middle of nowhere,

HJIH... HJIH

either ... or

Bee hjih He no KapMaHy, hjih Ha Kpaio CBeTa.

Everything’s either too expensive or way out in the middle of nowhere.

eziaBaTbCH, e^aioTCB (i)

to be for rent; to surrender, give up

He^ajieKo OTobjia c^aeica KOMHaTa.

Not far from here there’s a room for rent.

nofloacAH, h KaK pa3 Bnepa cjib'iiuajia, hto

Wait—just yesterday I heard there was a room

HejjajieKo OTcio^a c^aeTcn KOMiiara. racTpoHOM Eqe-TO B03Jie TacTpoHOMa HOMep cflaeTca KOMHaTa. 644

lesson 26

for rent not far from here. food store, grocery, delicatessen

oahh

Somewhere near food store number 1 there’s a room for rent.

r^e-To B03Jie TacTpoHoivia noiviep oahh

Somewhere near food store number 1 there’s a

c/iaercH KOMiiaTa, Bcero 3a Tpii/maib mhb

room for rent for only thirty-five rubles a

py6Aefi b Mecaui.

month.

3to oneiib AeiueBo.

That’s very inexpensive.

O6«3aTejibH0 y3naii tohiimh aapec h ckaaai Ojie.

Be sure and find out the exact address and tell Olya.

SUPPLEMENT acriHpaHT

graduate student

CKOJibKO 3Aecb acnupaHTOB?

How many graduate students are here?

acnnpaHTKa

woman graduate student

CicojibKO 3Aecb acniipaHTOK?

How many women graduate students are here?

6AOHAHHKa

blonde (woman)

B to BpeMH OHa 6buia 6aohahhkoh.

At that time she was a blonde.

HeBecTa

fiancee, bride-to-be

6h npHAeT c HeBecTOH.

He’ll come with his fiancee, to have to

npHXOAHTbCH (il)

HaM npHXOAHTCH pa6oTaTb no cy66oTaM.

We have to work Saturdays.

HaM nacTo npuxoAHAOcb pa6oTaTb no

We often had to work evenings.

BenepaM. pocT

height, stature; growth, increase

Bomen nejioBeK BbicoKoro pocra.

A tall man came in.

Kaxoro oh pocTa?

How tall is he?

KaKOH y Bac pocT?

How tall are you? or What’s your height?

HH3KHH

short; low

Ch 6bIJI HH3KOTO pocTa. 3aMy>KeM

He was a short man.

(3a plus instr)

married (woman only)

Cjih 3aMyxceM 3a MnxaiiJioM.

Olya’s married to Mikhail.

aceHaT, aceHaTbi

married

6h aceHaT?

Is he married?

Ohh yace Asa roAa a^eHaTbi.

They’ve been married two years now. grey; dull (person)

cepbiit

She’s blonde with grey eyes,

OHa GjioHAHHKa c cepbiMH rjia3aMH. Ha 6yAymen HeAeAe

next week Olya’s getting married next week.

6aa bhxoaht 3aMya< Ha 6yAymeH HeAeAe. HexyAa

there’s nowhere

[pekuds]

We had nowhere to go.

HaM HexyAa Gbuio noiiTH. HeKorAa

there’s no time

[pekagda]

I didn’t have time to write the letter.

Mh6 6biAO HexorAa HanHcaTb nncbMO.

(5jie c MyjKeM HyacHd KdMHaTa C. — CBeTAaHa (CBeTa) C.

1 Mpa, Tbi CAbimaAa

M.

2 Hto Tbi roBopHiiib?

C.

3 3a MttxaHAa CoAOBbeBa M3 HecJrrflHoro MHCTHTyra. Tbi ero, BepoaTHO, 3Haeuib.

HOBOCTb?

3a

Oaa

H. — Mpima (Mpa)

BbitiiAa

3aMy>K. Ha npouiAoit HeAeAe 6bma CBaAb6a.

koto?

lesson 26

645

J\a,

M.

4

KaxceTCfl. Taxon

C.

5 Bot, bot.

M.

6 Hy,

C.

7

eme

roa acnwpaHTypbi,1

nojiynaeT pa6oTy Ha KaBKa3e, b Eaicy.1^

3a

A

me xce

ohh

Toro 6ojibuiaa ceMbfi,

hm

pa^a

Her, y ca

M.

A

KapHMH rjia3aMH?

CHMnaTHHHbiH h oueHb cnocoSHbiH. EMy ocTanca

oh

a noTOM

blicokhh 6jtoh^,hh, c

Onto.

nojiyHHTb KOMHaTy

noica

hto

caMHM

6ynyT ncfirrb? riepeenyT k OnHHOMy 6paiy?

t6cho,

noBepHyTbca Heme. MHxaHJi HaneeT-

b oSlhokhthh.3

8 Ha 3to Tpy^Ho paccHHTbmaTb.

Mm npHnerca cHttTb KOMHaTy

b

hbcthom noMe.

K

TOMy ace sto ropa3^o y,n,66Hee, xotb h nopoxce.

C.

9 Ohh h cbmh hjih

H.

10

panbi 6bi,

ho

Henenco Hairra nonxonamyto.

He no xapMaHy,

Ha icpato CBera.

noAoacflH, a xax pa3 Baepa cjibimajia,

hto

B03Jie

me-TO

c^aeTca KOMHaTa, Bcero 3a TpHjmaTb naTb py6neH

C.

Bee hjih

b

TacTpoHOMa HOMep

oahh

Mecau,.4-5

11 3to oaeHb neiueBO. 06a3aTeabno y3Han tomhuh aapec h cxaacH One.

notes

1 Although the acrmpaHT (acnwpaHTKa) graduate student does not ordinarily have to register officially for courses or take course examinations, he must pass a set of qualifying examinations before he can begin the work of writing his dissertation. Preparation for this usually takes at least a year or two. When he has completed his graduate work, he is generally assigned by the government to his first post. 2 KaBKa3 refers to the entire region between the Black Sea (HepHoe Mope) and the Caspian Sea (KacnfincKoe Mope). BaKy, the fifth largest city in the U.S.S.R., is located in the southeast corner of the region, on the Caspian Sea. It is the capital of the Azerbaidzhan Republic and the center of the Soviet oil industry. The word BaKy is not declined. Note that it is

b

BaKy to Baku (or in Baku), but Ha KaBKa3, Ha KaBKihe to

(or in) the Caucasus. 3 Although there are no separate married students’ housing facilities in the U.S.S.R., a few of the larger universities set aside some rooms in the dorms for them. The rent for these rooms is extremely low—only a few rubles a month—but such rooms are very hard to get. 4 Grocery stores are state owned and each has a number. The term for the larger ones is racrpoHOM (lit. epicure), and for the smaller ones fiaKajien (from GaKajieiuiafl jiaBKa grocery store). In conversational Russian one may simply use iviara3HH or JiaBKa, for example:

A

noiffly b Mara3HH 3a xjie6oM.

FIomjiH PleTK) b jiaBKy 3a xjieboM.

I’ll

go to the store and get bread.

Send Petya to the store for some bread.

5 There is a serious shortage of housing in the large cities of the U.S.S.R. Al¬ though the rent in government-owned apartment houses is low, there is always a long list of applicants waiting for such housing. Rent for rooms sublet in private apart¬ ments is usually very high.

PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION MeGjiHpoBaHHbiii Mbi HipeM MebjiHpoBaHHyto KOMHaTy. 646

lesson 26

Me6jIHpOBaHHaH KOMHaTa furnished We’re looking for a furnished room.

cyxofi

dry

CBeTJIblH

light; bright

KoMHaTa CBeTJiaa h cyxaa.

The room is light and dry.

ABHxeHHe

movement, motion; traffic

THXHH

quiet, soft, calm; slow

Yjinua y Hac THxaa, jiBHm'ime He6ojibiuoe.

Our street is quiet; there’s not much traffic.

Bot cio/ja, b Try flBepb, noacajiyficTa.

Come this way, through this door, please. furnishings; environment

o6cTaHOBKa

O, KaKan xopouiaa oficranoBKa!

Oh, what nice furnishings! rug, carpet

KOBep, KOBpa

^J,a*e KOBep Ha CTeHe!

Even a carpet on the wall! furniture

Mebejib (f)

Bca Tra Me6ejib ocTaHeTca 3,necb?

Will all this furniture remain here? Yes, of course.

KOHeHHO.

Ecjih

BaM

eme

HTO-HH6y^b Hyaciio,

to

CKaaoiTe.

If you need anything else, say so.

Heo6xOAHMbIH (Heo6xOJlHM)

essential, indispensable

nHCbMeHHbiH

written; (for) writing; stationery writing table, desk

nHCbMeHHbiH CTOJI Myacy HeoGxonHM nficbMeHHbiH ctoji.

My husband must have a writing table,

jiaMna

light, lamp

JiaMna fljia pa6oTbi

light to work by; reading lamp

Myacy Heo6xoflHMa JiaMna ruin paboTbi.

KpoMe (plus

My husband needs a reading lamp, except; besides

gen)

besides, in addition

KpoMe Toro

Bot ojjho, nowajiyii: My*y peoSxoflHM

There’s one thing, perhaps. My husband must

nHCbMeHHbiH ctoji h, KpoMe toto, JiaMna jijih

have a writing table and, in addition, a read¬

paSoTbi.

ing lamp. That we can get.

3to mohcho aocTaTb. KOMOfl

chest of drawers, bureau, dresser

nepe^BHHyTb, nepeABHHyT (pfv i)

to shift, move over

Mb'i nepe^BHHeM komojj k stoh CTeHe.

wardrobe; checkroom

rapnepob Meac^y

(plus

between, among

instr)

Ctoji CTaHeT 3,aecb, Meacjiy okhom h

That’s fine!

h npeKpacHo!

cozy

yjOTHbifi

Tax

The desk will go here, between the window and the wardrobe.

rapaepo6oM. Bot

We’ll move the bureau over to this wall.

That way it’ll

6yaeT yioTHee.

xpecjio, -a; -a, xpeceji

be cozier.

armchair, easy chair

A Kpecjio nocraBHM cioM, Tax 6y^eT yioTHee.

Let’s put the armchair over here; it’ll be cozier that way.

Tenepb

cKaacHTe, BaHHaa

nery1

y

Bac

ecTb?

Now tell me, do you have a bathroom? there isn’t (or there aren’t) any

1 HeTy is used colloquially for Her in the sense there isn't any or there aren't any. lesson 26

647

HeT, HeTy.

No, we don’t.

HeT, HeTy, ho 3Aecb 6aHH coBceM phaom.

No, we don’t, but there’s a bathhouse quite close by.

KyxHa (gen pi xyxoHb)

kitchen

Ha KyxHe; Ha xyxHio

in the kitchen; to the kitchen

yMbiBaTbca, -aioTCH (i)

to wash up, wash one’s face and hands

Mb'i yMbiBaeMca Ha KyxHe.

We wash up in the kitchen, faucet, tap

xpaH

at the tap, under the tap

nofl KpaHOM Mbi yMbiBaeiMCH Ha KyxHe noA KpaHOM.

We wash up at the tap in the kitchen.

IIoHAeiviTe, a noKaacy.

Come along. I’ll show you. roomy, spacious

npOCTOpHblH KaKaa npocTopHaH kvxhh!

What a roomy kitchen! landlady; housewife, lady of the house;

X03HHKa

hostess CKOJIbKO X03HCK 3AeCb TOTOBHT?

How many of the (house)wives cook here? lady roomer

KBapTHpaHTKa

^Be: a h moh Apyraa KBapTHpaHTKa. nocyAa (sg only) Ecjih y Bac HeT CBoefl nocyAbi, to MoaceTe

Two: my other lady roomer and I. dishes If you don’t have any dishes, you can use mine.

nojib30BaTbca Moeii.

EoJibuioe cnacn6o.

Thanks very much,

Tax xax

since, inasmuch as

XCTaTH

opportune, handy; well timed; incidentally

3to oneHb kcthth, TaK KaK y Hac HHHero

cBoero HeT.

That would be very handy, since we don’t have anything of our own.

noaceHHTbca, noaceHBTca (pfv n) Mbi BeAb TOJibKO hto noaceHHJiucb. OTAeJIbHblH

to get married (said of couple only) You see, we just got married. separate, individual

Mbi eme aaiBeivi oTAejibHO.

We still live apart.

TorAa Bbi MoaceTe nepee3acaTb 3aBTpa ace.

Then you can move in tomorrow.

CHaCTJIHBblH

[sci§|lvij]

MHe 6yAeT oneHb npiniino BHACTb y ce6a cnacTJiHBbix JHOAeii.

HaCTb (f)

A

b4m

asm nacTb AeHer.

OCTajIbHOH Cnacii6o. Ecjih Moa(HO, a Baivi asm nacTb AeHer cefinac, a ocTajibHb'ie 3aBipa.

happy It’ll be very pleasant for me to see happy people at my place. part I’ll give you part of the money. the remaining, the rest; the other Thanks. If it’s all right, I’ll give you part of the money now and the rest tomorrow.

J\a, Aa, KOHeHHO.

Yes, yes, of course.

TaK ao 3aBTpa.

Until tomorrow then.

SUPPLEMENT naBxa no Aopore aomoh a 3a0Ay b jiaBxy. 648

lesson 26

small store, shop; bench On my way home I’ll stop in at the store.

rioCHAHM 3flecb Ha JiaBKe H OTAOXHeM.

Let’s sit on this bench and rest awhile.

xo3aHH, -a (irreg pi xo3aeBa, xo3aeB) KtO 3flecb X03HHH?

landlord, owner; host Who’s the landlord (or owner) here?

Xo3aeB HeT aoMa.

The landlords (or owners) are out.

KBapTHpaHT

roomer, lodger, tenant

n03HaK0MbTeCb C HaiHHM HOBbIM

Meet our new roomer.

KBapTHpaHTOM. nepe^BHraTb, -aioT (i)

to shift, move over

OHa Bceraa nepeABHraeT Me6ejib Ha HOBoe MeCTO. yMbITbCH, yMOIOTCH

(pfv i)

Wash up and sit down to eat your breakfast.

>KeHHTbCH, JKeHHTCH (il)

to marry, wed

One.

He’s marrying Olya,

TeMHblH (TeMHO)

dark

TeMHee

darker

CTaHOBHTCa TeMHO.

It’s getting dark,

rpOMKHH (rpOMKO)

He

place. to wash up, wash one’s face and hands

Ymohch h ca/iHCb 3aBTpaicaTb.

6h 5KeHHTCH Ha

She’s always moving furniture to a different

loud Don’t talk so loud.

roBopH Tax rpoMKO. THUie

Thine! Pe6eHOK Triuie

quiet; softer, more softly; more slowly Quiet! The baby’s asleep.

cniiT.

Go slowly and you’ll get further,

eneiHb — Aanbuie 6yAeuib.

wet

MOKpblH

I’m all wet; it’s simply pouring down rain,

A BeCb MOKpblH, AOXHb np»MO JTbeT.

HHBaH

sofa, couch Let’s move the sofa closer to the window.

riepeHBHHeM HHBaH Gjihace k OKHy.

Me6jiHpoBaHHaH KoivmaTa

O. — Qjia X.

X. — Xo3HHKa

1 KoMHaTa CBeTJiaa h cyxaa. Yjihiia y Hac THxaa, ABHnceHHe HeGonbmoe. Bot ck»M, b

3Ty ABepb, no>KajiyHCTa. O.

2 O, Kama xopomaa oGcTaHOBKa! /Jaate KOBep Ha CTeHe!1 Bca Gra MeGenb ocraHeTca 3^ecb?

X.

3 J\a, KOHenHO. Ecjih BaM eme HTO-HnGyAb HyaKAy okhom m rapAepoGoM.2

O.

6 Bot m npeKpacHO. A Kpecno nocraBHM cioAa, TaK GyAeT yioTHee. Tenepb cKaacfirre, BaHHaa y Bac ecTb?

X.

7 HeT, HeTy, ho 3Aecb GaHa cobcGm paAOM. A yMbmaeMca Mbi Ha KyxHe noA KpaHOM. noiiAeMTe, a noKaacy.3

O.

8 KaKaa npocTopHaa KyxHa! CKOJibKO xo3aeK 3Aecb totobht?4 lesson 26

649

X.

9 ,Zl,Be:

A m mom npyraji KBapTttpaHTKa. Ecjth y

Bac HeT CBoen nocynbi, to MoaceTe nojib-

30BaTbCM Moeft.1 2 3 4 5 O. 10 Eojibiuoe cnacnSo. 3to oneHb Korara, Taic KaK y Hac HHHero CBoero HeT. Mbi Bent TOJlbKO

HTO nOJKeHHJIHCb, elite >KHBeM

OTaeJTbHO.

X. 11 Torna MOMteTe nepee3>KaTb 3aBTpa >xe. Mh6 6yneT oneHb npHHTHo BHneTb y ce6a CHaCTJTHBbIX JHOHCH. O. 12 CnacA6o. Ecjih mojkho, X. 13

A bAm Mm nacTb neHer ceMHac, a ocTajibHbie 3aBTpa.

J\A, na, KOHeHHO. Tax ho 3aBTpa.

notes

1 Oriental, or imitation oriental, rugs are often hung on the wall or draped over a sofa. 2 The word

rapnepoS

is used both for a public checkroom and a movable ward¬

robe closet. The more expensive wardrobes usually have a large mirror in the door. 3 The addition of the unstressed suffix

-Te

to the first person plural imperative

adds a note of politeness, suggesting an invitation to do something together, as in the English let's go, you and /. 4 It is usual to share (with other tenants) not only kitchens but also bathroom and toilet facilities. Even the new apartment buildings are so arranged that three or four families share these facilities. 5 The collective term nocyna is used for dishes, tea service, and pots and pans for cooking. More specifically, CTOJiOBaH nocyna is used for the tableware, naHHan nocyna for the tea service, and KyxoHHan nocyna for the cooking utensils.

Basic sentence patterns 1. KoTopbiii cennac Mac?

What time is it now?

— Ee3 neTBepTH Mac.

A quarter to one.

— Ee3 nflTH nac.

Five to one.

— Ee3 necflTH nac.

Ten to one.

— Ee3 HBaauaTH Mac.

Twenty to one.

2. CefiMac 6e3 ABaAUaTH Tpex Tpfi. -6e3 ABanuaTH neTbipex_ -6e3 AeaAUaTH nmA_ - 6e3 ABanuaTH mecTH_ 3. CxoAbKo no BauiHM HacaM?

It’s now twenty-three minutes to three. -twenty-four_ -twenty-five_ -twenty-six_ What time do you have?

— Cefinac AecHTb MHHyT naToro.

It’s now ten after five.

- naTHaAHaTb_

_fifteen_

- HeTBepTb _

-a quarter_

- AsaAHaTb MHHyT mecToro.

-twenty after six.

- ABaAuaTb ab6 MHHyTbi_

-twenty-two_

4. Cenaac yace ABaAuaTb naTb MHHyT nepBoro.

It’s already twenty-five minutes after twelve.

- ABe MHHyTbi_

-two_

_ TpH_

- three__

_HeTbipe_

-four ___

650

lesson 26

When will the train come?

5. Kor^a npHAeT noe3A? — no pacriHcaHHio 6e3 ABaAUaTH inecTb.

At twenty to six, according to the schedule.

- neTBepTH _

_a quarter_

-- fleCHTH _

— ten_

6. B kotopom nacy oTnpaBJifieTCH caMOJieT?

At what time does the plane leave?

— B ABa^uaTb MHHyT BToporo.

At twenty past one.

— B flBaAUaTb naTb MHHyT BToporo.

At twenty-five-

— B neTBepTb BToporo.

At a quarter_

— B fleCJiTb MHHyT BToporo.

At ten_

7. Korfla jictht Bam caMOJieT?

When is your plane flying?

— B Aea TpHAUaTb.

At 2:30.

-— B ABa copoK.

At 2:40.

— B ABa naTbAecaT ABa.

At 2:52.

8. Coo6Lu,HTe 3to CojioBbeBy.

Tell that to Solovyov.

- CojlOBbeBOH.

_ Miss (or Mrs.) Solovyov.

_ CojIOBbeBbIM.

_the Solovyovs.

_ GpaTbaM CojioBbeBbiM.

_the Solovyov brothers.

_ cecTpaM CojioBbeBbiM.

_the Solovyov sisters.

9. Mb'i 6b'uiH b rocTax y UapanKHHa.

We visited Mr. Tsarapkin.

_y U,apanKHHOH.

_ Miss (or Mrs.) Tsarapkin.

_ y napanKHHbix.

_ the Tsarapkins. Did you see Miss (or Mrs.) Petrov?

10. Tbi BHAeji neTpoBy? - O KaKOH neTpOBOH Tbi TOBOpHLUb?

Which Miss (or Mrs.) Petrov are you talking about?

Tbi BHAeji neTpoBa?

Did you see Mr. Petrov?

— O KaKOM neTpOBe Tbi TOBOpHLUb?

Which Petrov are you talking about?

Tbi BHAen neTpoBbix?

Did you see the Petrovs?

- O KBKHX neTpOBbIX Tbi TOBOpHLUb?

Which Petrovs are you talking about?

11. OHa Bbiuuia 3aMyac 3a CojiOBbeBa.

She married Solovyov.

_3a KypoHKHHa.

_Kurochkin.

_ 3a OpjioBa.

_Orlov.

12. Ch aceHHJica Ha CojlOBbeBOH.

He married Miss Solovyov.

_ Ha AjieKceeBOH.

_Alexeev.

_ Ha U,apanKHHOH.

_. Tsarapkin.

13. Baepa a no3HaKOMHJica c Bojikobmm.

Yesterday I met Volkov.

__ c BepeBKHHbIM.

_ Veryovkin.

__

_ Petrov.

c neTpoBbiM.

14. Ona bmxoaht 3aMyaKeM 3a MnxaHJioM.

_is married to Mikhail.

15. MnxaHJi aceHHTca Ha O^e.

Mikhail is marrying Olya.

_aceHHJica-

_married-

_aceHaT.

_is married.

_aceHaT Ha Oae.

_is married to Olya. lesson 26

651

16. Ohh yace ABa roAa >KeHaTti.

They’ve already been married two years.

Ohh CKopo noaceHHTca.

They’ll soon get married.

Ohh TOJibKO hto no>KeHHJiHCb.

They just got married. Is your brother married?

17. Bam 6paT >KeHaT? — HeT, eipe He aceHaT.

No, he’s still unmarried.

Baiun 6paTba *eHaTbi?

Are your brothers married?

— JX&, 06a >KeHaTbi.

Yes, they’re both married.

Barna cecTpa 3aMy>KeM?

Is your sister married?

— HeT, OHa em,e He 3aMy>KeM.

No, she’s still unmarried.

Baiun cecTpbi 3aMyaKeM.

Yes, they’re both married.

18. Kor^a ohh ^KeHHTca?

When are they getting married?

— Ha 6ynymeH Helene.

Next week.

Kor^a ohh noKeHATca?

When are they going to get married?

— Hepe3 He^eJHO.

In a week.

19. r^e Tbi ^ocTaeuib TaKHe cBe)KHe ailpa?

Where do you get such fresh eggs?

_Bb'i ^ocTaeTe_?

_do you get_?

_OHa AOCTaeT_?

_does she get-?

_ OHH flOCTaiOT_?

_do they get_?

20. Tbi paHbme He CAaBajica t6k 6bicTpo.

You didn’t (used to) give up so quickly before.

Bbi-CAaBajiHCb_

You_

He CAaBafica!

Don’t give up!

He cAaBaiiTecb!

Don’t_!

21. Mne Heo6xoAHM nncbMeHHbiH ctoji.

I have to have a writing table (or desk).

-HeoGxoAHMa jiaMna.

_a lamp.

-Heo6xoAHMO Kpecjio.

_an easy chair.

_ Heo6xOAHMbI AeHbTH.

_money.

22. Oh He y3HaeT 6toto MecTa.

He doesn’t recognize the place.

Oh He y3HaBaji_

He didn’t_

Pronunciation practice: clusters of three consonants with

as the initial consonant

k

A. Clusters in which initial 1. kab

k

is pronounced voiced.

pronounced [gdv] or [g