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Compact World Atlas: A Practical Companion to the World Today [6 ed.]
 9780241234587, 0241234581

Table of contents :
Contents 4
The Political World 6-7
The Physical World 8-9
Standard Time Zones 10
North & Central America 12-13
Western Canada & Alaska 14-15
Eastern Canada 16-17
USA: The Northeast 18-19
USA: The Southeast Bermuda 20-21
USA: Central States 22-23
USA: The West Los Angeles & Hawaii 24-25
USA: The Southwest 26-27
Mexico 28-29
Central America 30-31
The Caribbean Jamaica, St Lucia, & Barbados 32-33
South America 34-35
Northern South America 36-37
Western South America Galápagos Islands 38-39
Brazil 40-41
Southern South America 42-43
The Atlantic Ocean 44-45
Africa 46-47
Northwest Africa 48-49
Northeast Africa 50-51
West Africa 52-53
Central Africa Sao Tome & Principe 54-55
Southern Africa 56-57
Europe 58-59
The North Atlantic 60-61
Scandinavia & Finland 62-63
The Low Countries 64-65
The British Isles London 66-67
France, Andorra, & Monaco Paris, Andorra, & Monaco 68-69
Spain & Portugal Azores & Gibraltar 70-71
Germany & the Alpine States Liechtenstein 72-73
Italy San Marino & Vatican City 74-75
Central Europe 76-77
Southeast Europe Bosnia & Herzegovina 78-79
The Mediterranean Malta & Cyprus 80-81
Bulgaria & Greece 82-83
The Baltic States & Belarus 84-85
Ukraine, Moldova,& Romania 86-87
European Russia 88-89
North & West Asia 90-91
Russia & Kazakhstan 92-93
Turkey & the Caucasus 94-95
The Near East West Bank 96-97
The Middle East 98-99
Central Asia 100-101
South & East Asia 102-103
Western China & Mongolia 104-105
Eastern China & Korea Hong Kong 106-107
Japan Tokyo & Nansei-Shoto 108-109
South India & Sri Lanka 110-111
North India, Pakistan, & Bangladesh 112-113
Mainland Southeast Asia 114-115
Maritime Southeast Asia Singapore 116-117
The Indian Ocean 118-119
Australasia & Oceania 120-121
The Southwest Pacific 122-123
Western Australia 124-125
Eastern Australia Sydney 126-127
New Zealand 128-129
The Pacific Ocean 130-131
Antarctica 132
The Arctic Ocean 133
Countries Factfile 134-150
Overseas Territories & Dependencies 150-151
Geographical Comparisons 152-153
Index 154-192

Citation preview

A P R A C T I C A L C O M PA N I O N TO T H E W O R L D T O D A Y

P re v i o u s l y p u b l i s h e d a s C o m p a c t A t l a s o f t h e Wo r l d

C O M PA C T

WORLD

ATLAS Previously published as Compact Atlas of the World

COMPACT

WORLD

FOR THE SIXTH EDITION

SENIOR CARTOGRAPHIC EDITOR Simon Mumford

PRODUCTION CONTROLLER Rita Sinha

SENIOR PRODUCER Luca Frassinetti

PUBLISHER Andrew Macintyre

PUBLISHING DIRECTOR Jonathan Metcalf

ASSOCIATE PUBLISHING DIRECTOR Liz Wheeler

ART DIRECTOR Philip Ormerod First American edition 2001 Published in the United States by DK Publishing, 345 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014 Reprinted with revisions 2002. Second edition 2003. Reprinted with revisions 2004. Third edition 2005. Fourth edition 2009. Fifth edition 2012. Sixth edition 2015. Previously published as the Compact Atlas of the World. Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2009, 2012, 2015 Dorling Kindersley Limited A Penguin Random House Company 15 16 17 18 19 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 001–265178–May/2015 All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. Published in Great Britain by Dorling Kindersley Limited. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN 978-1-4654-2991-9 DK books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk for sales promotions, premiums, fund-raising, or educational use. For details, contact: DK Publishing Special Markets, 345 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014 or [email protected] Printed and bound in Hong Kong A WORLD OF IDEAS: SEE ALL THERE IS TO KNOW www.dk.com

Key to map symbols Physical features Elevation

Borders

Names Full international border

6000m/19,686ft 4000m/13,124ft

Disputed de facto border Territorial claim border

3000m/9843ft 2000m/6562ft

Cease-fire line

1,000m/3281ft

Undefined boundary

500m/1640ft 250m/820ft

Internal administrative boundary

0 Below sea level

Mountain Depression

Communications

Physical features

Andes Sahara Ardennes Land's End Mont Blanc 4,807m

Blue Nile Ross Ice Shelf

Major road

PACIFIC OCEAN

Minor road

Sulu Sea

Railway

Palk Strait

Volcano International airport

Landscape features

Chile Rise

Headland Elevation/volcano/pass River/canal/waterfall Ice feature

Sea features

Undersea feature

Pass/tunnel Sandy desert

Settlements Above 500,000

Drainage features

Regions

FRANCE

Country

BERMUDA

Dependent territory

(to UK)

100,000 to 500,000 Major perennial river Minor perennial river

50,000 to 100,000

Perennial lake

Dordogne

Cultural region

Settlements National capital

Waterfall

Administrative region

Below 50,000

Seasonal river Canal

KANS AS

Internal administrative capital

PARIS Capital city SAN JUAN Dependent territory capital city

Chicago

Miscellaneous features

Seasonal lake

Kettering

Other settlements

Burke

Site of interest Wetland Ancient wall

Inset map symbols Ice features

Graticule features

Permanent ice cap/ice shelf

Line of latitude/longitude/ Equator

Winter limit of pack ice

Tropic/Polar circle

Summer limit of pack ice

Degrees of latitude/ longitude

Urban area City Park Place of interest Suburb/district

ATLAS

COMPACT

WORLD Contents

The Political World .......................................... 6 -7

South America South America............................................... 34-35 Northern South America ............................ 36-37 Western South America ..............................38-39 Galápagos Islands

Brazil ..................................................................... 40-41 Southern South America ............................. 42-43 The Atlantic Ocean ....................................... 44-45

The Physical World .......................................... 8 -9

Africa

Standard Time Zones ....................................... 10

The World’s Regions North & Central America

Africa .................................................................... 46-47 Northwest Africa ............................................ 48-49 Northeast Africa ............................................. 50-51 West Africa ......................................................... 52-53 Central Africa ................................................... 54-55 Sao Tome & Principe

Southern Africa ............................................... 56-57 North & Central America ........................12-13 Western Canada & Alaska ......................... 14-15

Europe

Eastern Canada ................................................. 16-17 USA: The Northeast ...................................... 18-19 USA: The Southeast ....................................... 20-21 Bermuda

USA: Central States ........................................ 22-23 USA: The West ................................................. 24-25 Los Angeles & Hawaii USA: The Southwest ..................................... 26-27 Mexico ..................................................................28-29 Central America ...............................................30-31 The Caribbean .................................................. 32-33 Jamaica, St. Lucia, & Barbados

4

Europe ..................................................................58-59 The North Atlantic ........................................ 60-61 Scandinavia & Finland ................................ 62-63 The Low Countries ........................................ 64-65 The British Isles ............................................... 66-67 London

France, Andorra, & Monaco .................... 68-69 Paris, Andorra, & Monaco

Spain & Portugal..............................................70-71 Azores & Gibraltar

Germany & the Alpine States ................... 72-73 Liechtenstein

Italy

....................................................................... 74-75

San Marino & Vatican City

Central Europe ..................................................76-77 Southeast Europe ............................................78-79 Bosnia & Herzegovina

North India, Pakistan, & Bangladesh .................................... 112-113 Mainland Southeast Asia ........................114-115 Maritime Southeast Asia .........................116-117 Singapore

The Indian Ocean .......................................118-119

The Mediterranean ........................................ 80-81 Malta & Cyprus

Bulgaria & Greece ......................................... 82-83 The Baltic States & Belarus....................... 84-85 Ukraine, Moldova,& Romania ................ 86-87 European Russia .............................................. 88-89

North & West Asia

Australasia & Oceania Australasia & Oceania .......................... 120-121 The Southwest Pacific ............................. 122-123 Western Australia ....................................... 124-125 Eastern Australia ......................................... 126-127 Sydney

New Zealand ................................................ 128-129 North & West Asia ...................................... 90-91 Russia & Kazakhstan ..................................... 92-93 Turkey & the Caucasus ............................... 94-95 The Near East ................................................... 96-97

The Pacific Ocean ..................................... 130-131 Antarctica ................................................................ 132

West Bank

The Middle East .............................................. 98-99 Central Asia .................................................. 100-101

South & East Asia South & East Asia .................................... 102-103 Western China & Mongolia ................. 104-105 Eastern China & Korea ........................... 106-107 Hong Kong

Japan ................................................................ 108-109 Tokyo & Nansei-Shoto

South India & Sri Lanka ..........................110-111

The Arctic Ocean ............................................... 133

Index – Gazetteer Countries Factfile ....................................... 134-150 Overseas Territories & Dependencies ......................................... 150-151 Geographical Comparisons .................. 152-153 Index ................................................................ 154-192

5

The Political World A

B

C

D

Severnaya Zemlya Franz Josef Land SVALBARD (to Norway)

New Siberian Islands

1

Novaya Zemlya JAN MAYEN (to Norway)

DE

N

ICELAND

FINLAND

SWE

FAROE ISLANDS (to Denmark)

NORWAY

R

EST.

M

LUX.

FRANCE SWITZ. MONACO

2

ANDORRA

SLVN. CRO. S.M.

VAT. CITY

K A Z A K H S T A N

MOLD.

GEORGIA

UZBEK.

AZERB.

ARMENIA

MACED.

TURKEY

MALTA

I R A N

IRAQ

BAHRAIN QATAR

IA

EGYPT

P

SOUTH SUDAN

N

NEPAL

S. KOREA

A

Ryukyu Islands (to Japan) LAOS

AN

I N D I A

TAIWAN

MYANMAR (BURMA)

THAI. Andaman Islands (to India)

Laccadive Islands (to India)

CAMB.

NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS

PARACEL ISLANDS

(disputed)

(to US) GUAM

(to US)

P H I LI PPI NES SPRATLY ISLANDS

MICRONESIA

(disputed)

Nicobar Islands (to India)

MALDIVES

SO

JAPAN

BHUTAN

SRI LANKA

M

NG O

C

GABON SAO TOME & PRINCIPE

ETHIOPIA

UGANDA

O

INEA

N

ST

AL IA

C.A.R.

CA M

EQ . GU

TOGO

ER OO N

BENIN

O

AM

BU

I AK

BANGLADESH

Socotra (to Yemen)

DJIBOUTI

LIBERIA

PALAU

BRUNEI

MALAY S I A

SINGAPORE

KENYA

ZA

N

ANGOLA

SEYCHELLES

I

AR

D

O

N

(to Australia)

E

S

I

A

PAPUA NEW GUINEA

EAST TIMOR ASHMORE & CARTIER ISLANDS

COCOS (KEELING) ISLANDS

MAYOTTE (to France)

(to Australia)

(to Australia)

AG

MAURITIUS

M

REUNION (to France)

SWAZILAND

A T L A N T I C

N

CHRISTMAS ISLAND

ASC

BIQ AM

ZIMB.

BOTS.

MOZ

NAMIBIA

UE

ZAMBIA

(to UK)

(to UK) Agalega Islands (to Mauritius)

COMOROS

AD

ST HELENA

MALAWI

I

BRITISH INDIAN OCEAN TERRITORY

N

Cabinda (to Angola)

RWANDA BURUNDI

TA

DEM.REP. CONGO

(to St Helena)

4

I

M

AN

IT

YEMEN

SUDAN

NIGERIA

SIERRA LEONE

ASCENSION ISLAND

H

TN

A IN R K SO FA

CHAD

I

N. KOREA

ERITREA

NIGER

T

R u s s i a

O

MALI

A

AFGH.

U.A.E.

SAUDI ARABIA

CÔTE D’IVOIRE (IVORY COAST) GHANA

R

TAJIKISTAN

KUWAIT

JORDAN

R

GUINEA

E

M O N G O L I A

C

SYRIA LEBANON

CYPRUS ISRAEL

L I B Y A

D

KYRG.

TURKMEN.

AZ.

A

ALGERIA

E

A s i a t i c

N

R M O

O

SENEGAL

GAMBIA GUINEA-BISSAU

3

F

IE

CAPE VERDE

N

V

M

AU

A

GREECE TUNISIA

O CC

WESTERN SAHARA

(disputed)

U KRA I NE

SERBIA KOS. B.&H. BULG. MON. ALB.

GIBRALTAR (to UK)

Madeira (to Portugal) Canary Islands (to Spain)

I

ROM.

ITALY

PORT. S P A I N

S

(the Ukrainian territory of Crimea was annexed by Russia in 2014)

BELA.

SLVK. R CZ.REP. GE LIECH. AUT. HUNG.

S

R u s s i a

LITH.

POLAND

AN

NETH. BELG.

Azores (to Portugal)

Y

IRELAND

LAT.

RUSS. FED.

DENMARK UNITED KINGDOM

U

E u r o p e a n

I

N

D

I

A

A U S T R A L I A

N

LESOTHO

O C E A N

O

SOU TH A FRICA

C

E

A

N

TRISTAN DA CUNHA

(to UK) Gough Island (to Tristan da Cunha)

G l o b al fe atur e s

Tasmania FRENCH SOUTHERN & ANTARCTIC LANDS (to France)

Prince Edward Islands (to South Africa)

;V[HSU\TILY VMJV\U[YPLZ! 196 3HYNLZ[JV\U[Y`! Russian Federation 6,592,735 sq miles (17,075,200 sq km)

5

:THSSLZ[JV\U[Y`! Vatican City 0.17 sq miles (0.44 sq km)

HEARD & MCDONALD ISLANDS (to Australia)

Continental Key North & Central America South America

Asia

Africa

Australasia & Oceania

*V\U[Y`^P[OTVZ[ PU[LYUH[PVUHSIVYKLYZ! China 14 / Russ. Fed. 14

A

6

Europe

POLITICAL STATUS: Eg. MEXICO: independent state Eg. FAEROE ISLANDS (to Denmark): self-governing territory, with parent state indicated Eg. Andaman Islands (to India): non self-governing territory, with parent stated indicated

A

B

N

T

A

C

R

C

T

I

C

A

D

E

A

F

R O

C

T

C

E

I

G

H

C

A

Queen Elizabeth Islands

N

GREENLAND (to Denmark)

1

Baffin Island

Arctic Circle

Alaska (to US)

C US Aleutian Islands (to

Kuril Islands (to Russ. Fed.)

A

N

A

D

A

)

2

ST PIERRE & MIQUELON

P

A

C

O

C

I

F

I

E

A

N

(to France)

C

U N I T E D O F

S T A T E S

A T L A N T I C

A M E R I C A

O C E A N

BERMUDA

(to UK) PUERTO RICO (to US)

MIDWAY ISLANDS (to US)

I

HONDURAS

C

JOHNSTON ATOLL (to US)

BELIZE

WALLIS & FUTUNA

(to France)

K

I

R

ARUBA

PANAMA

A

T

Equator GUYANA SURINAME

ECUADOR

I

TOKELAU

(to NZ)

B

R

A

Z

I

L

R U

COOK ISLANDS

(to NZ) VANUATU

BOLI V I A FRENCH POLYNESIA

FIJI

(to Australia)

NORFOLK ISLAND

(to Australia) Lord Howe Island (to Australia)

NIUE (to NZ) AMERICAN SAMOA

(to US)

PITCAIRN, HENDERSON, DUCIE & OENO ISLANDS

Kermadec Island (to NZ)

Easter Island (to Chile)

(to UK)

San Felix Island (to Chile) Sala y Gomez San Ambrosia Island (to Chile) (to Chile)

CHILE

Juan Fernandez Island (to Chile)

NEW ZEALAND Chatham Island (to NZ) Bounty Island (to NZ)

Campbell Island (to NZ)

P

A O

C C

I

F

I

E

A

N

C

Tropic of Capricorn

4

A

TONGA SAMOA

CORAL SEA ISLANDS

PARAGUAY

(to France)

A R G E N T I N

NEW CALEDONIA (to France)

3

FRENCH GUIANA (to France)

COLOMBIA

Galápagos Islands (to Ecuador)

(to US)

B

(to Neth.)

(to Neth.)

P E

TUVALU

I

DOMINICA MARTINIQUE (to France) ST LUCIA BARBADOS ST VINCENT & THE GRENADINES GRENADA TRINIDAD & TOBAGO

CURAÇAO

VENEZUELA

JARVIS ISLAND

(to US)

NAURU

GUADELOUPE (to France) HAITI

(to US)

PALMYRA ATOLL (to US)

BAKER & HOWLAND ISLANDS

MONTSERRAT (to UK)

JAMAICA NAVASSA I.

NICARAGUA COSTA RICA

(to French Polynesia)

KINGMAN REEF (to US)

Tropic of Cancer

ANTIGUA & BARBUDA

EL SALVADOR CLIPPERTON ISLAND

ST KITTS & NEVIS

CUBA

GUATEMALA

MARSHALL ISLANDS

SOLOMON ISLANDS

O

ANGUILLA (to UK)

THE BAHAMAS

(to UK)

X

Revillagigedo Islands (to Mexico)

VIRGIN ISLANDS (to US)

TURKS & CAICOS ISLANDS (to UK) CAYMAN ISLANDS

E

Hawaii (to US)

WAKE ISLAND (to US)

BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS (to UK)

DOM. REP.

M

Guadelupe (to Mexico)

URUGUAY

FALKLAND ISLANDS

(to UK)

CHILE

Macquarie Island (to Australia)

ABBREVIATIONS: AFGH. Afghanistan, ALB. Albania, AUT. Austria, AZ. or AZERB. Azerbaijan, BELG. Belgium, BELA. Belarus, B.&H. Bosnia & Herzegovina, BOTS. Botswana, BULG. Bulgaria, CAMB. Cambodia, C.A.R. Central African Republic, CRO. Croatia, CZ. REP. Czech Republic, DOM. REP. Dominican Republic, EST. Estonia, HUNG. Hungary, KOS. Kosovo, KYRG. Kyrgyzstan, LAT. Latvia, LIECH. Liechtenstein, LITH. Lithuania, LUX. Luxembourg,

MACED. Macedonia, MOLD. Moldova, MON. Montenegro, NETH. Netherlands, PORT. Portugal, ROM. Romania, RUSS. FED. Russian Federation, S.M. San Marino, SLVK. Slovakia, SLVN. Slovenia, SWITZ. Switzerland, THAI. Thailand, TURKMEN. Turkmenistan, U.A.E. United Arab Emirates, UZBEK. Uzbekistan, VAT. CITY Vatican City, ZIMB. Zimbabwe.

SOUTH GEORGIA & SOUTH SANDWICH ISLANDS

(to UK)

5

Antarctic Circle

ANTARC TIC A

E

F

G

H

7

The Physical World A

B

Severnaya Zemlya

l

e

l

Va

nne l

car

I N D I A N

Madaga s

C ha

zam biqu e er g

Seychelles

Mauritius Réunion

O C E A N

sb ak

Gough Island

So

u

w th

es

t

In

di

an

R

i

Am u

an

Riv

Ja

Yellow Sea

Yangtze

as

East China Sea

p Honshu

Kyushu Ryukyu Islands

Philippine Bay of Bengal

Andaman Islands Sri Lanka Nicobar Islands

Basin

Cape of Good Hope

Yello

Taiwan

Maldive Islands

en

Dr

Hokkaido

Plain

er

Arabian

ft Ri

Gre

at on g o

Basin

Lake Nyasa

alay

Sea of Japan (East Sea)

Manchurian

Mount Everest Ga nges 8848m

Thar Desert

Somali Lake Victoria

i

b

Deccan

Mo

Ridge

antic

t

-Atl

Kalahari Desert

r ese ib D

Mid

mbezi Za

ey

all

B a sin

Cape

Tristan da Cunha

im

Basin

Lake Tanganyika

A ng o la

Nam

4

tains oun Kunlun M K2 Pl a tea u 8611m o f Ti bet H

Sakhalin

South China Sea

Malay Peninsula

va

Tr

enc

Mariana Islands

Challenger Deep -10,920m

M

e

Kerguelen

u

East Indies h

Mount Wilhelm 4509m

Timor Sea

Arafura Sea

Great Sandy Desert

AUSTRALIA

O C E A N

Bass Strait

t h e a s t

I n d i a n

R i d g e

Limit of summer pack ice

A N T A R C T I C A A

8

B

C

g

Tasmania

South Indian Basin

S O U T H E R N

a

New Guinea

Java Sea

Java

Limit of winter pack ice

5

l

Celebes

Great Victoria Desert or Plain llarb Nu

o

M

Caroline

Borneo

e dg

S

Sea

ef iding Range Re Div er at rri re t Ba G Grea

iftV

St Helena

Kush

tra ma Su Ja

C

Ascension Island

OCEAN

du

Arabian Sea

Kilimanjaro 5895m

GreatR

ATLANTIC

in

s

Ethiopian Highlands Horn of y Africa le

Congo Basin

G

Shan

o

go

r

A

ine

r ige

Gulf of Guinea

H

den f of A Gul

a aw ds am lan d A igh H

3

I

g

N

Cape Verde Islands

Iranian Plateau

Arabian Peninsula

Lake Chad

ou ltai nt ain s

ko

Sea of Okhotsk

Trench ppine Phili s Island

e

rs

a

p ilip Ph

h

A

kon Me

a

Sea

A F R I C A

Pa m i rs

ats Western Gh

rt

Red

Dese

Tibesti

il

S

Lake Balkhash

Tien

Sea

Persian Gulf

i

na Tr ench

a

r

ch

r

A

s Caspian

nta in

e

Da rli n

Syrian Desert

b

Lake Baikal

Aral Sea

ro sM ou

-427m

Plain

i

en Bonin Tr

a

an Sea

Ahaggar

S

asu

g Za

h

ne

ya n

a

ra

Lib

S

Cau c

Anatolia

N

Mediter

Black Sea

s Mts

S

Gh ats

Bal kan

Mount El’brus 5642m

Ob ’

Ninetyeast R idge

Volga

ts

anu be

las ns At ntai ou M

Canary Islands

an

he

Siberian

M

l

D

A

I be ri a n P en i ns u l a

Madeira

th

pe

Siberian Plateau

ari a

s

Nor

ro Eu

Central

West

Ural Mounta in

lti

Ba

Pl

E R CO P arpath E Up s ian M

Bay of Biscay

Azores

n

c Sea

Sc North Sea

British Isles

ai

Le n a

via

tC

an

na

di

w

B a r e nts Sea No r w e g i a n Sea

2

Laptev Sea K ar a Se a

be

D

pack ic e

it

Iceland

New Siberian Islands

Novaya Zemlya

re

en

k

winter

Kh

ar

Limit of

ey Yenis

m

ra St

Franz Josef Land

Spitsbergen

Greenland Sea

1

D

pack ice

E as ter n

er mm f su

Indu s

to mi Li

C

D

E

F

A R C T I C

G

Eli en ue

O C E A N Q

H

nds th Isla Ellesmere Island

zabe

Greenland Beaufort Sea Baffi

Chukchi Sea

nI

Brooks Range

ds

Mid

P A C I F I C

ia

ch l

dle

nt Basin

Am

Mi

Gulf of Mexico

G Yucatan Peninsula

eri

ca

re

ate W e s t I n d i e s r An tilles

en

n

Tropic of Cancer

Le s s e r A nt ille s

OCEAN 3

Guiana Highlands

e

Equator

Li

ne

n

s

nd hla

Hig

lian

azi Br

co Cha ná

4

m

pa s A r ge nt ine

ni

a

Global features

Bas in

go

Largest continent: Asia 17,521,750 sq miles (45,381,300 sq km)

Campbell Plateau

Gran

Cerro Aconcagua 6959m

Juan Fernandez Islands

Bas in Tropic of Capricorn

ta

New Zealand

South Island

A n d e s

North Island

Easter Island

Br azil

Pa

Tasma n Sea

Southwest Pacific Basin

Pa

Ker mad ec Tre

nch

s

Planalto de Mato Grosso

ile Trench - Ch

nd

Peru Basin

s

Tuamotu Islands

ru

la

SOUTH AMERICA

e

New Caledonia

Is

Pe

o

Tonga

Amazon Basin

d

Co

Vanuatu

k

Fiji

East Pacific Rise

a

a

Samoa

a

C o ral S ea

A n

i

ds

Marquesas Islands

i

ds an

i

Amazon

Para

s

Galápagos Islands

an

Phoenix Islands

s

Isl

s

Isl

e

e

mo n

ge

ch

o

Sol o

id

ATLANTIC

Caribbean Sea Tr

ic

R

la

North American

O C E A N

r

n

2

n

M

Grand Banks of Newfoundland

ts

la

ns ai Pl

Ca

Hawai‘i

Marshall Islands

at

a nt rie eO adr tal Sierra M en cid Oc dre Ma a ni or lif

er

c

Islands

an

y

i

Isl

l

M

an

Laurentian Mountains

rra

o

Cen tra l P aci fic B asin

ai‘i

Sie

Low

P

Mi Mo d-Pa un cifi tai c ns

Sea

ield

ri ou ss Mi

es

Haw

Sh

Labrador

Great Lakes

re

ng

e acture Zon ray Fr Mur

n

Péninsule d'Ungava

NORTH AMERICA

G n s a i nt

Ra

ture Zone

Arctic Circle

pa

ou Coast

unts Seamo

ocino Frac

nd

Ap

Tr en ch ril

M

ns

Ku

d

ai

Vancouver Island

Mend

Hudson Bay

Lake Winnipeg

y

nt

r Empero

Nort h w est P a c i fic Basi n

k

en

ou

Gulf of Alaska

ch

ia

c

Tr

ian

M

ian

Aleut

ds

n

o

a Isl

Al eu tia n B a s in

Great Slave Lake

R

oa

ppi

ice

Bering Sea Aleut

C

na

pack

Mount McKinley (Denali) 6194m

Mississi

inter

st

Kam cha tka

t of w

Ca

Limi

ie

g rin Be

sla

Great Bear Lake

nz

St rai

t

M ac ke

1

B a ffin Bay

At

Limit of summer pack ice

d-

East Siberian Sea

Smallest continent: Australasia 3,376,700 sq miles (8,745,750 sq km)

Falkland Islands

Cape Horn

Largest lake: Caspian Sea, Asia 143,243 sq miles (371,000 sq km)

ss Drake Pa

Longest river: Nile, Africa 4160 miles (6695 km)

South Georgia

Tierra del Fuego

age

South Sandwich Islands

5

Antarctic Peninsula

Limit of winter pack ice

Antarctic Circle

Highest point: Mt. Everest, China/Nepal 29,029 ft (8848 m)

E

F

G

,SL]H[PVU -6000m

Below sea level 0 -4000m

-2000m -1000m

-500m

-250m

-1640ft

-820ft

250m 820ft

-19,658ft -13,124ft -6562ft

-3281ft

-328ft/-100m 0

H

500m

1000m

2000m

3000m

4000m

6000m

1640ft

3281ft

6562ft

9843ft 13,124ft 19,685ft

9

NORWAY

JAN MAYEN (to Norway)

+2

+2

EST.

FINLAND

+1

SVALBARD (to Norway)

+1

+1

+4

+3

RUSS. LAT. European UNITED DEN. FED. LITH. Russia KINGDOM BELA. IRELAND 0 NETH. POLAND +3 SLVK. BELG. UKRAINE E R CZ.REP. LUX. G

FAROE ISLANDS (to Denmark)

0

ICELAND

–1

0

+5

0

-1

MA

O

UR

0

0

Greenwich Meridian

+1

ZIMB.

+2

BOTS.

IA E

LESOTHO

+4

+3

Laccadive Islands (to India)

S KI PA

REUNION (to France)

MAURITIUS

MAYOTTE (to France)

BANG.

(BURMA)

+6

+8

TAIWAN

PALAU

+9

S. KOREA

+91/2

EAST TIMOR

+10

SAMOA

TONGA

+12

Hawaii (to US)

–91/2 –10

C

–8

PITCAIRN GROUP OF ISLANDS (to UK)

A

N

–6

A

–4

D

BERMUDA (to UK)

–1

–2

0

Arctic Circle

ATLANTIC OCEAN

-3

GREENLAND (to Denmark)

–3

ST PIERRE –3 & MIQUELON (to France)

–31/2

–4

–4

–6 Easter Island (to Chile)

ECUADOR

U

–5

Juan Fernandez Island (to Chile)

–3

–3

–4 FALKLAND ISLANDS (to UK)

URUGUAY

PARAGUAY

BOLIVIA

–4

Graham Land –3

–3

B R A Z I L

SURINAME

A N TA RCTI CA

CHILE

–4

San Felix Island (to Chile) San Ambrosia Island (to Chile) CHILE

(to Ecuador)

DOM. REP. TURKS & CAICOS IS. (to UK) CAYMAN IS. THE (to UK) BAHAMAS –5 HONDURAS CUBA BELIZE O HAITI

–2

Antarctic Circle

Tropic of Capricorn

PUERTO RICO (to US) BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS (to UK) VIRGIN ISLANDS (to US) ANGUILLA (to UK) Tropic of Cancer ST KITTS & NEVIS ANTIGUA & BARBUDA IC MONTSERRAT (to UK) GUADELOUPE (to France) DOMINICA JAM AICA CURAÇAO MARTINIQUE (to France) GUATEMALA ARUBA (to Neth.) ST LUCIA –4 EL SALVADOR BARBADOS (to Neth.) NICARAGUA ST VINCENT & THE GRENADINES GRENADA COSTA RICA VENEZUELA TRINIDAD & TOBAGO –41/2 PANAMA FRENCH GUIANA COLOMBIA (to France) Equator GUYANA Galápagos Islands

–5

A

Baffin Island

–5

THE INTERNATIONAL DATELINE The International Dateline is an imaginary line from pole to pole that roughly corresponds to the 180° longitudinal meridian. It is an arbitrary marker between calendar days. The dateline is needed because of the use of local times around the world rather than a single universal time.

PACIFIC OCEAN

–8

–6

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

–7

–7

Queen Elizabeth Islands

CLIPPERTON ISLAND (to French Polynesia)

Îles Marquises

JARVIS ISLAND (to US)

FRENCH POLYNESIA (to France) NIUE (to NZ) AMERICAN SAMOA (to US) WALLIS & FUTUNA (to France)

–10

COOK ISLANDS (to NZ)

B A T I +13 +14

PALMYRA ATOLL (to US)

–8

–9

The numbers at the top of the map indicate how many hours each time zone is ahead or behind Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). The row of clocks indicate the time in each zone when it is 12:00 noon UTC.

KINGMAN REEF (to US)

Chatham Island (to NZ)

+123/4

Kermadec Island (to NZ)

Campbell Island (to NZ)

NEW ZEALAND

+111/2

I TOKELAU (to NZ)

R

–11

BAKER & HOWLAND ISLANDS (to US)

F I J I +13

I

–10 JOHNSTON ATOLL (to US)

MIDWAY ISLANDS (to US)

–11

PACIFIC OCEAN

)

Alaska (to US)

–9

–10

COORDINATED UNIVERSAL TIME (UTC) Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is a reference by which the local time in each time zone is set. UTC is a successor to, and closely approximates, Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). However, UTC is based on an atomic clock, whereas GMT is determined by the Sun’s position in the sky relative to the 0° longitudinal meridian, which runs through Greenwich, UK.

ANTARCTICA (except for Graham Land, Antarctica is not subject to any time zone)

Macquarie Island (to Australia)

Tasmania

+101/2

–10

lD

NORFOLK ISLAND (to Australia)

NEW CALEDONIA (to France)

+11

VANUATU

SOLOMON ISLANDS

K TUVALU

+12

MARSHALL ISLANDS

NAURU

na

e in el at

US Aleutian Islands (to

io at rn te In

–11

OCEAN

+12 –12

WAKE ISLAND (to US)

Kuril Islands (to Russ. Fed.)

+12

+11

CORAL SEA ISLANDS (to Australia)

PAPUA NEW GUINEA

+10

AUSTRALIA

+8

ASHMORE & CARTIER ISLANDS (to Australia)

GUAM (to US)

+11

ARCTIC

NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS (to US)

MICRONESIA

+9

JAPAN

+11

N. KOREA

+10

+11

+10

PHILIPPINES

+8

+10

New Siberian Islands

+9

I N D O N E S I A +8

MALAYSIA

BRUNEI

CAMB.

+7

CHRISTMAS ISLAND (to Australia)

COCOS (KEELING) ISLANDS (to Australia)

+61/2

SINGAPORE

Andaman Islands (to India) SRI LANKA

+7

THAI.

LAOS

HEARD & MCDONALD ISLANDS (to Australia)

+5

+8

MONGOLIA

+9

C H I N A

INDIAN OCEAN

+6

+53/4

+8 Asiatic Russia

BRITISH INDIAN OCEAN TERR. (to UK)

+51/2

+7

F E D E R A T I O N

Severnaya Zemlya

+6

I N D I A +6 +61/2 +51/2 MYANMAR

FRENCH SOUTHERN & ANTARCTIC LANDS (to France)

+4

T

MALDIVES

+4

SEYCHELLES COMOROS

SO

SWAZILAND

Prince Edward Islands (to S.Africa)

SOUTH AFRICA

+1

NAMIBIA

ANGOLA ZAMBIA

MALAWI

+2

DEM. REP. CONGO

UGANDA RWANDA KENYA BURUNDI

OM

U.A.E.

DJIBOUTI

YEMEN

SAUDI ARABIA

SOUTH ETHIOPIA C.A.R. SUDAN +3

+3

CHAD SUDAN

ERITREA

EGYPT

KUWAIT

BAHRAIN +3 QATAR

JORDAN

A N

TIME ZONES Because Earth is a rotating sphere, the Sun shines on only half of its surface at any one time. Thus, it is simultaneously morning, evening, and night time in different parts of the world. Because of these disparities, each country or part of a country adheres to a local time. A region of the Earth’s surface within which a single local time is used is called a time zone.

Gough Island (to Tristan da Cunha)

0

TRISTAN DA CUNHA (to UK)

ATLANTIC OCEAN

ST HELENA (to UK)

BU

+2

LIBY A

MALI NIGER

A LGERIA

SENEGAL INA GAMBIA RK SO GUINEA-BISSAU GUINEA NIGERIA FA SIERRA BENIN LEONE LIBERIA EQ .G CÔTE D’IVOIRE GHANA UINE (IVORY COAST) A TOGO 0 GABON SAO TOME & PRINCIPE ASCENSION Cabinda ISLAND 0 (to Angola) (to UK)

CAPE VERDE

WESTERN SAHARA

Canary Islands (to Spain)

O

M

IT

AN

IA

R

SWITZ. ANDORRA MON.

CA M

ER OON

O

NG

O

C

IA

AL

M

FRANCE

MB IQ U

N MOZA

AN

NEPAL BHUTAN

+7 +6 KAZAKHSTAN

+6

R U S S I A N

Novaya Zemlya

Franz Josef Land

+4

+2 LIECH. MOLD. AUT.HUNG. SLVN. ROM. SER. CRO. S.M. B.&H. KOS. +1 VAT. BULG. MON. UZBEK. GEORGIA KYRG. ARMENIA +4 AZERB. ALB. CITY PORTUGAL +5 +4 SPAIN Azores I T A L Y MACED. TURKEY TURKMEN. +5 TAJ. 0 AZ. -1 (to Port.) +2 GREECE -1 GIBRALTAR SYRIA TUNISIA MALTA CYPRUS (to UK) AFGH. LEBANON IRAN O Madeira +5 C 1 ISRAEL C +4 /2 (to Portugal) +31/2 IRAQ

M

0

–1

N

DE

SWE

Y

AN

–2

Standard Time Zones

ZA A

T AN AG

NA M

AD

ET

M

VI

SC A R

X

A

E

R

ARG EN TI N

10 M

PE

The

WORLD

AT L A S

THE MAPS IN THIS ATLAS ARE ARRANGED CONTINENT BY CONTINENT, STARTING FROM THE INTERNATIONAL DATE LINE, AND MOVING EASTWARD. THE MAPS PROVIDE A UNIQUE VIEW OF TODAY’S WORLD, COMBINING TRADITIONAL CARTOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES WITH THE LATEST REMOTE-SENSED AND DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY.

A

l

t eu

s

n

Population

below 50,000

50,000 to 100,000

100,000 to 500,000

National capital

above 500,000

Ca

ge

M o M

cle

C

Calgary

Regina

lle

ra

Winnipeg

hia

en

Na

D

Belcher Islands

Ba rd

Is

A L

Péninsule d’Ungava

Hu d so n St rait

fin

le ra

e

SVALBARD (to Norway)

Land

Christian X

Kong

JAN MAYEN (to Norway)

G reen l a n d S ea

ia nt

n

Mo

No rth

Gulf of St.Lawrence

un

r

Lim it

At lan tic

Iceland

58

E U R O P E idO

cea n

Ca n

y

Grand Banks of Newfoundland

St. John's

Newfoundland

M

i

Reykjanes Basin

ck of winter pa

Labrador Basin

s tain

do

Land

NUUK

Labrador Sea

ra

Kong Christian IX

(to Denmark)

Land

E

Ba ren ts S ea

GREENLAND

Smallwood Reservoir

r au

Kong Frederik VIII

Wa nde l Se a

il

sin

90

Baffin Bay

Li ncol n Se a

Foxe Basin

Baf

Hudson Bay

en

Co

ns

D

Kap Morris Jesup

Ellesmere Island

Southampton Island

Thunder Bay

Lake Winnipeg

ns

North Pole

Na

Lancaster Sound

h

Lake Nipigon

Prince of Wales Island

A

Reindeer Lake

N

di

Makarov Basin

et izab l E n Quee l ands Is

dge

Victoria Island

Lake Athabasca

Great Slave Lake

Great Bear Lake

Banks Island

Canad a B asin

P l ateau

Saskatoon

A

c bas

Lap t ev Sea

O CEAN leyev Ri

C hukc hi

B eaufort Sea

G

r e

o

u

n

Snake

Boise

a sc

M

Eugene

an

Ch ukch i Sea

C

ARCTIC

Mende

East Siberian Sea Wrangel Island

Edmonton Vancouver

y

Victoria Cascadia Basin Seattle Mount Rainier 4392m

k

Vancouver Island

Mount Logan 5959m

c

OCEAN

Juneau Alexander Archipelago

Gulf of Al a sk a

91

Mount McKinley (Denali) 6194m

(to US)

o

Queen Charlotte Islands

en

Anchorage

n Range

ch

utia

Kodiak Island

Tr

Ale

Bristol Bay

Alaska

n Yuko

Norton Sound

Bering Strait

ASIA

Alaska R

Saint Lawrence Island

Bering Sea

Nunivak Island

ia

R

PA C I F I C

131

A

d a

nge

4

3

2

1

i

ut

le

sin

Ba

an

B

R

es

1000

e ck ic

Jam

ng

1000

n sla s oot

b

R

12 ok ir cC

nd

La

on

Ra

o Br cti Ar

it

de

Aleutian I of summer pa

tains

it Lim

Gulf of B

la

ra

Moun

r

t is S v a D

yst

Coas t

Co

IK rik V Kong Frede

e

Alp

ha

k Strait

an g

n

nmar

a u cken n ta zie Ma i n s ckenzie

o o

De

a

0 miles

m s ge id

Ridge

At ha

0 km

L

o o

v

R

hns

U ng Bay ava

Mo ce

A

4

3

2

1

North & Central America

es B ay

A

Lowest point: Death Valley, California, USA 282 ft (86 m) below sea level

Highest point: Mt. McKinley (Denali), Alaska, USA 20,322 ft (6194 m)

Longest river: Mississippi-Missouri, USA 3710 miles (5969 km)

Largest lake: Lake Superior, Canada/ USA 32,151 sq miles (83,270 sq km)

P hy s i c al f e at u r e s

Smallest country: St. Kitts and Nevis 101 sq miles (261 sq km)

Largest country: Canada 3,854,085 sq miles (9,984,670 sq km)

Equa tor

id dl

Guadalajara

M

Country with highest population density: Barbados 1807 people per sq mile (698 people per sq km)

Largest city with population: Mexico City, Mexico 22.2 million

Total population: 560 million

Total number of countries: 23

Low

nia l i f o r ia a C n of lifor Gulf er Ca

Total area: 9,400,000 sq miles (24,346,000 sq km)

Phoenix

o Gr an Ca n d yo n

Lake Saint Paul Superior Lake Michigan

Great OTTAWA L a k e s Lake Huron

Denver

A

O

ic

a T re

B

c Co

(to Ecuador)

C

Galápagos Islands

CAYMAN ISLANDS (to UK)

os

R

SAN JOSÉ

G

Georges Bank

ST PIERRE & MIQUELON (to France)

ATLANTIC

Halifax

otia Sc a v

Antilles

TURKS & CAICOS ISLANDS (to UK)

ic Trop

of

Antilles

cer Can

S ea

Nares Plain

sso

OCEAN

PANAMA

PANAMA CITY

Colom bian Basin

D

34

(to Neth.) (to Neth.)

AMERICA

SOUTH

BONAIRE

E

PORT-OF-SPAIN

ST LUCIA ST VINCENT & THE GRENADINES GRENADA CURAÇAO

ARUBA (to Neth.)

Caribbean Sea

Equato

44

r

TRINIDAD & TOBAGO

BARBADOS

VIRGIN ISLANDS (to US) BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS PUERTO (to UK) ANGUILLA (to UK) RICO DOMINICAN Guantanamo ANTIGUA & BARBUDA Bay (to US) HAITI REPUBLIC (to US) GUADELOUPE PORT-AU-PRINCE SANTO (to France) DOMINGO ST KITTS & NEVIS KINGSTON DOMINICA JAMAICA MONTSERRAT (to UK) Lesser MARTINIQUE (to France)

COSTA RICA

Panama Basin

NASSAU

THE BAHAMAS

C Ur e a B A t e r

Lake Nicaragua

NICARAGUA

TEGUCIGALPA

MANAGUA

Miami HAVANA

HONDURAS

BELIZE

BELMOPAN

EL SALVADOR

SAN SALVADOR

GUATEMALA CITY

n c h GUATEMALA

Guatemala Basin

er

Colón Ridge

m

C Yucatan Peninsula

Gulf of Mexico

MEXICO CITY Volcán Pico de Orizaba 5700m Acapulco

OCEAN 131

Chicago

OF AMERICA

Des Moines Lincoln

PACIFIC

e

e

Lake Ontario Albany

c Québec ren Montréal

No

Lansing Niagara Detroit Falls Boston Cape Cod Lake Erie Cleveland New York Kansas City u r i Columbus Indianapolis Philadelphia Baltimore o i h O M WASHINGTON D.C. Springfield n Richmond Oklahoma City a i Nashville Arkansa h c s Raleigh la Little Rock El Paso Memphis pa Re Dallas p Columbia A BERMUDA i se Atlanta (to UK) aR d Jackson mu Austin Montgomery Ber San Antonio Houston Baton Rouge Jacksonville Blake New Orleans M S a rg a Plateau issi ss i p pi Delta e Tampa Monterrey

Madison

U N I T E D S T A T E S Milwaukee Toronto

Salt Lake City

Mental X

I

8

N

San Diego

P ol i t i ca l f e at u r es

Tr op ic of Ca nce r 131

Coast

Los Angeles

Death Valley -86m

Mount Whitney 4418m

Great Basin

id e Occ Sierra Madr

E l

7

6

5

y

Sacramento San Francisco San Jose

o

lorida

ra

sissipp i

Mis

Color ad

aw

ai

ur

re nt a

R i s e

ad Sierra M

ie Or

P a c i f i c

nd

ge

Gra

id

Ri o

Stra its of F

s

A

ne

un t

Zo

s n

d

n i

n

tu

ns

ac

i a

s

Fr

re

l

e

rra Sie vada e N

in

a P

r

E a s t

t d R i ve

s P la

t St .L

a Misso

Hatt era

M

8

7

6

5

NORTH & CENTRAL AMERICA

13

Western Canada & Alaska A

B

tka

93

Ostrov Vrangelya

RUSSIAN F E D E R AT I O N

1

D

cle c Cir Arcti

Poluostrov Kamcha

C

A R C T I C Chukchi Sea

Near s Island

Attu Island

B e r i n g

vi

Alakanuk

A

le u

Is

nd

3

Platinum

Ku

s

iver

s

im M kw ko

ks

Ran

la

(to US)

ska

Alaska Peninsula Shumagin Islands

Kaktovik

ge

Kokrines Fort Yukon

Range

Fairbanks

Mount McKinley McKinley Park Susitna (Denali) Anchorage 6194m

A

Iliamna Lake

B ri stol B ay

Belkofski

oo

Prudhoe Bay

Umiat

A tsL A S K A

Kwigillingok

Umnak Island Dutch Harbor Unalaska Island Unimak Island

d

R iver

Kodiak

Kodiak Island

Hope Valdez Cordova Katalla

Fort McPherson

YUKON Ma ck

Gulkana

R

k y

Kake

I

F

I

C

BRITISH

Port Alexander

s i n t a u n M o

der xan o Ale ipelag ch Ar

t a s C o

Juneau

C

Ketchikan

Prince Rupert

O

C

E

A

Queen Charlotte Islands

N

Kitimat

Ocean Falls

Queen Mount Charlotte Waddington Sound 4016m

N

5

c

Atlin

Gustavus

131

P A

o

Mount Logan 5959m Whitehorse

Port Hardy Campbell River

Vancouver Island Nanaimo

Victoria

131

A 0 km

14

0 miles

B 400

C Population

400

below 50,000

D Internal administrative capital

50,000 to 100,000

ie

Haines

Alaska 4

e nz

TERRITORY

Chitina

Yakutat

Gulf of

Aklavik

iver

la

Sou n

Br

lle

R Yukon

a re nd an A Isl

Pribilof Islands

a

Deering

on R Grayling Yuk

Nunivak Island

d s n o Atka n f

Wales

Gambell

Norto n

ti

Barrow

Kivalina l

Amchitka Island

ing St ait r

Saint Lawrence Island

S e a

Rat Islands

Point Lay

Wevok

Co

130

2

Ber

100,000 to 500,000

above 500,000

NORTH & CENTRAL AMERICA E

F

G

H

Alert 133

Isachsen

Amund Ringnes Island

Q Prince Patrick

Bathurst Devon Island Cornwallis Island

Melville Island

o un er S t s a c Lan

Resolute (Qausuittuq)

M ’ C li n

Somerset Island

Vict o ria I sla n d

Gulf

Inuvik Paulatuk

el

Boothia Peninsula

Bo

oth

ken ac

zie

M ou

nt

ain

s

t a M o u n

Fort St. John

A

ALBERT Grande Prairie

Athabasca

habasc At

i

3

H u d s o n B a y Belcher Islands

Southern Indian Lake

A

Ne

D

A

4

16

James Bay

Thompson

s

Estevan

D

S

T

E

A

T

E

Melita

S

O

F

A

-2000m -1000m

-500m

-250m

-1640ft

-820ft

250m 820ft

-19,658ft -13,124ft -6562ft

-3281ft

M

E

R

uper

ior Lake

I

Lake Michigan

C

G Below sea level 0

-4000m

S ke La

23

F ,SL]H[PVU -6000m

Lake of the Woods

-328ft/-100m 0

on ur

E

5

Winnipeg

H

Lethbridge

T

O N T A R I O

Saskatoon

Milk River

I

it

P éni nsul e d’ Ungava

Mansel Island

Reindeer Lake

Lake Kindersley Yorkton Manitoba Regina Qu'Appelle Brandon Medicine Hat Weyburn

Kelowna Vancouver Cranbrook N

ra Hudson St

QUÉBEC

Prince Albert

an

n

Leduc

Red Deer Kamloops Calgary

U

Coats Island

Flin Flon n The Pas Lake Winnipeg ew a t Sa s k a MANITOBA

North Sask atc hew

Edmonton Mount Robson 3954m

nd Sound

SASKATCHEWAN

a

Prince George

it

Coral Harbour

Churchill

N

ra

Iqaluit (Frobisher Bay)

Amadjuak Lake

Southampton Island

Arviat

Fort Lynn Lake McMurray Buffalo A Narrows

St

2

ch

C

Foxe B asi n

Whale Cove

Dubawn t

Wollaston Lake

Fort Vermilion

Ware

Melville Peninsula

Rankin Inlet

COLUMBIA

60

d

Baker Lake

Hay River Fort Smith Lake Athabasca

Fort Nelson

an

is

Nettilling Lake

Garry Lake

k Bac

Edzo Yellowknife Reliance Fort Simpson Great Slave Îutselk'e (Snowdrift) Lake Fort Providence

Isl

av

Cumb erla

Repulse Bay

NORTHWEST TERRITORIES

Fort Liard

ia

N U N AV U T

ns Bur

Tungsten

in

Igloolik

Kugaaruk (Pelly Bay)

Gjoa Haven (Uqsuqtuuq)

ide

Kugluktuk (Coppermine) Fort Good Hope Great M Bear Lake Echo Bay

an n

King William Island

Cambridge Bay (Ikaluktutiak)

Baff

f

Ch

k

Holman

D

fo

toc

Tuktoyaktuk Amundsen

B a y

d

Gul

Prince of Wales Island

Sachs Harbour (Ikaahuk)

(to Denmark)

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15

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