An Enlightening Commentary to the Holy Quran - EC_TLHQ_vol_9_sura_18_through_Sura_20_complete 9645691028

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Imam All Library and Research Centre for Islamic and Scientific Studies ISFAHAN IRAN

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Contents

Page 143-144 145-149

Explanations Commentary, verse 82 The story of Moses and Khidr and its facts Section 11: Zulqarnayn, The Gog and Magog, the Barrier Commentary, verse 83 150-151 Commentary, verses 84-85 152-153 Zulqarnayn was not a prophet but Allah loved him Commentaiy, verse 86 154-155 Commentary, verses 87-88 156-157 Commentaiy, verses 89-91 158-159 Commentary, verses 92-93 160-161 Zulqarnayn found a people who knew no language Commentary, verse 94 162-163 Some points about Gog and Magog Commentary, verses 95-97 164-166 Commentaiy, verse 98 167-170 Some of the lesson that this story teaches us Who Gog and Magog were Commentary, verses 99-101 171-173 Section 12: The Words of Allah Inexhaustible ... 174 Commentaiy, verse 102 174-175 Commentary, verses 103-104 176-177 The greatest losers in their deeds Commentary, verses 105-106 178-179 Those whose good deeds become null Commentaiy, verses 107-108 180-181 Commentary, verse 109 1’82-184 The occasion ofrevelation upon Allah’s infinite knowledge Commentary, verse 110 185-188

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Page 189 189-190 .... 191 191-193

Sura Maryam No. 19 (98 verses)........ Introduction to the Sura Section 1: Zechariah and John............ Commentary, verses 1-3 The abbreviated letters of the Qur’an Commentary, verses 4-5 194 Explanations 195 Commentary, verses 6-8 196-199 Fatimah (a.s.) reasoned to this verse for claiming Fadak Commentary, verses 9-10 200-202 Commentary, verse 11 203 Some traditions ...............................................204 The importance of the hymns of Fatimah (a.s.) after every prayer 205-207 Commentary, verses 12-13 208-209 Commentary, verses 14-15 .... Obeying parents is obligatory Some points upon John’s Martyrdom 209-210 Section 2: Mary and Jesus 211 Commentary, verses 16-17 4................... 211-213 Jesus was appointed to prophethood in childhood Commentary, verses 18-20 214-215 Commentary, verses 21-23 216-220 Some of the hardships that Mary tolerated .. 221-223 Commentary, verses 24-25 ...... .. 224-225 Commentary, verse 26.............. .. 225-226 Some points............. ............. 226 Why Mary asked for death 2 227 An answer to a question..... ... 227-228 The Silence Fasting..... — . 228-229 A nutritive food.................. zx

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Commentary, verses 27-28 Some verses and traditions upon calumny Commentary, verses 29-30 ............. 232-233 Commentary, verses 31-32 234-235 Traditions upon prayer, almsgiving and kindness to parents 235-237 238 Commentary, verse 33 The most horrible days of a man are three days 239-240 Commentary, verses 34-35 The epithets of the Jesus (a.s.) 241-242 The Qur’an and the Christ 243-244 Commentary, verse 36 Commentary, verses 37-38 245-247 The Christians differed about the Christ Section 3: Abraham preaches Unity of Allah .... .. 251 Commentary, verse 41 .... .. 251 Commentary, verse 42 ... .. 252 Explanations................ 253 Commentary, verses 43-44 ...254-255 Commentary, verse45 ... .. 256-257 Commentary, verse 46 ... .. 258-259 Commentary, verse 47 ... .. 260-261 Commentary, verse 48 ... .. 262 Explanations.............. .. 262-263 Commentary, verse 49 ... .. 264 The feature of Abraham .. 265-266 Commentaiy, verse 50.... 267-268 . ...................................... •>.v — '— Section 4: References to other prominent Apostles of Allah

...................................... Commentaiy, verse 51 Explanations * A‘y

269 269-270

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Page Commentary, verses 52-53 ........ 271-272 The difference between a Messenger and a prophet 273-274 Commentary, verses 54-57 .................... 277 Commentary, verse 58............................................. 279-281 Commentary, verses 59-60...................................... 282-284 Repentance and the Qur’an................................... 284-286 Commentary, verses 61-63...................................... 287-290 Occasion of Revelation, verse 64 .................... 291 Commentary, verse 64............................................. 291-292 Commentary, verse 65 ..................... 293-294 Section 5: The Resurrection Certain............................. 295 Occasion of Revelation, verse 66 ............................... .... 295 Commentary, verses 66-67...................................... 295-297 Commentary, verses 68-70 .......... .......................... 298-299 Commentary, verses 71-72...................................... 300-301 Some Islamic traditions........................................ 301-303 Commentary, verses 73-74...................................... 304-305 Explanations............................................................... 305 Commentary, verse 75 ............................................306-307 Commentary, verse 76............................................. 308-309 Commentary, verses 77-80...................................... 310-312 Commentary, verses 81-82...................................... 313-314 Section 6: Intercession.................................................... 315 Commentaiy, verses 83-84 .......... 315-316 Commentary, verses 85-86 ........... 317-321 Commentary, verse 87 ..............................................322-323 Commentaiy, verses 88-89...................................... 324-325 Commentary, verses 90-92 ...... 326-327 Commentaiy, verse 93 ................................................... 328 Commentaiy, verses 94-95 ........................... • • • • •, 329 Commentary, verse 96............................. 330-333

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Contents Commentary, verse 97 Commentary, verse 98 Supplication .

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Page 334-335 336 .. 337

Sura TaHa 338 Introduction to the Surai A tradition from Imam Sadiq upon recitation of TaHa P. 338 Section 1: Moses commissioned with Apostleship 339 Commentary, verses 1-4 340-341 Some meanings upon TaHa 342-345 Commentaiy, verses 5-7 Four attributes of Allah 345-350 Commentary, verse 8 Commentary, verses 9-12 351-352 353 Explanations....................................... Commentaiy, verses 13-14 354-355 Commentary, verses 15-16 356-357 Commentary, verses 17-18..................... 358 Moses’ Rod and White Hand 358-359 Commentary, verses 19-21 360- 361 Explanations ............................... 361- 362 Commentary, verse 22 363-364 White Hand as His Power and His Sign Explanations........................................ 364 Section 2: The Ministry of Moses............. .... 315 Commentary, verses 24-28 ......... 365-367 The command of Moses’ Messengership He demanded 4 things from Allah 367 Commentaiy, verses 29-32 368-371 The Prophet asked Allah that All (a.s.) to be his assistant 369 Tradition of Rank

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Commentary, verses 33-35 Commentary, verses 36-37 ............................ The request of Moses is granted Commentary, verses 38-39 374-376 Moses’ mother cast him in a chest into the sea Commentary, verse 40 377-380 Pharaoh and his wife found Moses in the chest Commentary, verses 41-44 381-383 Allah trained Moses for Messengership Explanations ................................ 383 Commentary, verses 45-46 384-385 Allah revealed Moses to answer Pharaoh’s questions... 385 Commentary, verses 47-48 386-387 Commentary, verses 49-51 ........................... 388-389 Commentary, verse 53 390 Section 3: Moses’ encounter with Pharaoh 392 Commentary, verses 54-55 392-393 Some divine bounties 394-395 Commentary, verses 56-57 The miracles of Rod and White Hand 396-397 Commentary, verses 58-60 Moses defined a day to challenge 398-399 Commentary, verses 61-62 400-401 Commentaiy, verses 63-64 402-404 Commentary, verses 65-67 405-407 Commentaiy, verses 68-70 408-409 Commentary, verse 71 410-412 Commentary, verses-72-73 ... Sorcerers believed in the Lord 413-414 Commentary, verses 74-76

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^>*5 Contents Page Sorcerers who were infidels in the morning became believers in that evening Section 4: The Children of Israel follow Moses 415 Commentary, verses 77-79 415-417 The Children of Israel rescued from being drowned Commentary, verse 80 418-419 Manna and quails were sent down for the Children of Israel Commentary, verse 81 420 Commentary, verse 82 ................ 421-423 Commentary, verses 83-85 424-425 The Children of Israel worshipped Calf ' VI Commentary, verse 86 426-427 People disobeyed Aaron by Calf worship Commentary, verse 87 .......................... 428 Samiri suggested them to worship Calf j Commentary, verses 88-89 .................... 429-430 Samiri himself was more worthy to be worshipped that Calf Section 5: Children of Israel decided by Samiri 431 & Commentary, verses 90-91 431-433 Children of Israel had been slaves before Allah made them

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Commentary, verse 104 445-446 Section 6: Intercession......... .... 447 Commentary, verses 105-107 447-448 Commentary, verse 108...... 449 Commentary, verse 109 450-451 Commentary, verses 110-111 452-453 Inequity is a great burden Commentary, verse 112 454-455 A righteous deed originated from Faith may be performed continuously Commentary, verses 113 .......... 456 The Qur’an expresses one subject in the frame of different statements 457-459 Commentary, verses 114 The different meanings of ‘haste’ 460 Section 7: Stan, a declare enemy of Mankind 460-462 Commentary, verses 115-116 Adam did not commit any sin 463-464 Commentary, verses 117-119 Four essential necessities of man Commentary, verses 120-121 465-466 Satan came to Adam with the claim of guidance 467-468 Commentary, verses 122-123 The repentance of Adam was accepted 469-470 Commentary, verses 124-125 He who has Faith is safe from anxieties 471-472 Commentary, verses 126-127 The Immaculate Imams are Signs of Allah 473-475 Commentary, verses 128-129 There would be a respite for the sinners 476-477 Commentary, verse 130

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Contents Page The Prophet has been enjoined to patience in 19 places of the Qur’an 478-479 Commentary, verse 131 Allah has provided bounties with mankind 480-481 Commentary, verse 132 ........ Commentary, verse 133............................. 482 483 Commentary, verse 134............................. Commentary, verse 135 484-485 Supplication................................................ .. 485 The End of Part 16 References 486-488 Index ........................................................... 489 The List of Publications of the Library.......... 508

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In the Name of Allah, The Beneficent, The Merciful.

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Introduction

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As it was mentioned in the introduction of book No. 3, every volume of this series was decided to be compiled rather concisely, containing two parts of the Qur’an. This decision was followed up to book No. 6, which went beyond two parts in order that Sura At-Taubah to be completed and then the substitutive volume could begin with Sura Yunus. In this course, unfortunately the translation, pubheation and distribution of books 7 and 8, because of some reasons, one of which was given a hint through the abovementioned introduction, postponed and, now, fortunately this book, No. 9, containing parts 15 and 16, has been prepared to be offered to you, the dear eager reader of the commentary of the Holy Qur’an. We also hope, with the help of Allah, that those couple of books to be available in the market soon in near feature to fill this undesirable gap. As usual, again and again we ask Allah, the Exalted, that He helps us, as ever before, and assists us to complete this .sacred endeavour successfully. May He (s.w.t.) guide and assist all of us by the light of the Qur’an to pave its Straight Path further and further, for we are always in need of His favours.

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The scientific and Religious Research Center Amir-ul-Mu’mineen Ali (a.s.) Public Library Sayyid ‘Abbas Sadr-‘AmilI The Translator

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17. “ And (had you been there) you might have seen the sun when it rose, declining from their Cave towards the right, and when it set, leaving them away unto the left, and they were in a wide space thereof. This is of the Signs of Allah, whomever Allah guides, he is rightly guided, and whomever He leaves to stray, you shall never find for him any guiding friend.”

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Section 3 The Sure Coming of the Resurrection Proved

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From the sleep for centuries together caused to fall upon the Companions of the Cave which period they felt to be a day or a part of a day was proved how the dead would pass the time unfelt for its length and how they will be raised on the Resurrection.

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18. “ And you might think them awake while they were asleep, and We turned them unto the right and unto the

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Sura Al-Kahf, No. 18

left (sides), and their dog stretching out his paws on the threshold. If you looked at them you would certainly turn back from them in flight and you would certainly be filled with terror of them.” Commentary: Through these holy couple of verses, the Qur’an has A A - of— ................. - of the Companions referred to the details the wonderful life of the Cave where it has mentioned six specialties: 1. The doorway of the Cave was set toward the north, and since its location had certainly been in the northern hemisphere, the sun did not shine directly inside the Cave, as the holy verse says: /v 7 “ And (had you been there) you might have seen the sun when it rose, declining from their Cave towards the right, ' and when it set, leaving them away unto the left,...” Thus, the direct sunshine, whose continuation might cause V their bodies to decay, did not meet them, but there was enough ‘ i sun. indirect light there from the 2. The verse continues saying: “ ...and they were in a wide spacfc thereof....” This part of the verse is an indication that the arrival of the Cave, which is usually strait, was not their dwelling-place, but they had chosen the middle parts of the Cave to be both out of sight and out of direct shining of the sun. ‘ r Here, the Qur’an ceases the thread of the current speech and pays to a spiritual conclusion, because it is the main aim of the statement of all these events. It says: “ ...This is of the Signs of Allah, whomever Allah guides, he is rightly guided, and whomever He leaves to stray, you shall never find for him any guiding friend.” '■■•A

Sura Al-Kahf, No. 18

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Yes, those who step in the way of Allah and struggle for Him, Allah will help them with His Grace in every single of their steps. It is not only for the basis of their work, but His Grace encompasses them in all their affairs, too. 3. Their sleep was not an ordinary sleep, because if you looked at them you might think that they were awake, but they had been sleeping. The verse says: u And you might think them awake while they were asleep,...” This exceptional case, perhaps, had been for the sake that harmful animals would not approach them, or for the sake that their view might become so dreadful that none would dare approach them, in a manner that this circumstance could work as a protective shield for them. 4. In order that their bodies would not decay as a result of passing a long time of years when they were in their sleep, they were turned unto the right and unto the left sides, so that their bodies could remain sound. They were turned this side and that side for that the blood of their bodies might not concentrate in one point of the body, and the pressure and the height, which were on those muscles that were on the ground for a long time, would not affect on the body harmfully. The verse continues saying: “ ...and We turned them unto the right and unto the left (sides),...” 5. Their dog had stretched forth his two fore-legs on the threshold of the Cave, guarding them. The verse continues saying: “ ... and their dog stretching out his paws on the threshold.... ” 6. Another fact about them was that they had a dreadful ’ight, so that:

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Sura Al-Kahf, No. 18

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“ ... If you looked at them you would certainly turn back from them in flight and you would certainly be filled with terror of them.” Explanations:

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1. The cave of < the Companions of the Cave geographically was neither toward ;ard the East nor toward the West, but it was /k /’ toward the North-eastern, where the sun would not shine into the depth of it in any season. The ideas are divided upon the sight of the Cave. Some commentators say that it had been in the mountains around pa Syria which is now known as ‘the cave of the Companions of the Cave’. Some others believe that it had been located around Omman, the capital of Jordan, where several ancient graves a:.. ; are found and an engraving of a dog is carved on the wall, $ ;< upon which there is an old monastery, and Muslims have built a mosque thereabout, too. vj? However, the peculiarities of the Cave are some examples $ of the grace of Allah which were promised to in the previous verse 2. The Divine protection is not always seen in the form of a : k'-- miracle, but sometimes the natural factors work as a means of 1 protection. 3. The succour of Faith, leaving the people of polytheism, A-A and taking refuge to a Cave, with those peculiarities, may not • happen save by the guidance of Allah.

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Sura Al-Kahf, No. 18

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Explanations: 1. In the text of the verse the conjunction ‘and’ has not been mentioned upon the phrases “fourth of them” and “sixth of them”, but with the phrase “the eighth of them” the conjunction ‘and’ has been mentioned. It is, perhaps, for the reason that the attitude of their number being ‘three’ or ‘five’ had been offered by some ungodly people that Allah has rendered it into: “ guessing at the unseen ”. But the attitude of their number being ‘seven’ is from the side of the believers, the people of attention. (This recent meaning is narrated from Amir-ul-Mu’mineen Ah (a.s.) by the way of Ibn-‘Abbas). That is why for these groups of people the Qur’an does not say “gussing at the unseen”, but, in order to respect them, between the number of: ‘the Companions of the Cave’ and

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Sura Al-Kahf, No. 18 $ &

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‘their dog’ there has occurred the conjunction ‘and’ in order to separate them from each other. 2. If the activities be valuable and human beings be with aim, their dependents and their belongings, even the animals accompanied them, should be counted, too, since being an animal and being unclean (najis) is not a reason for them to be counted valueless. In this verse, the word ‘dog’ has been mentioned in three occurrences. The positive function of the ‘dog’ of the Companions of the Cave has been referred to in verse No. 18 of the current Sura. ****

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Sura Al-Kahf, No. 18

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Section 4

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To always depend upon Allah’s Will To make Allah’s Will a condition in promises- The choice of believing or disbelieving in the Qur’an left to every individual’s own decision.

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23. “ And do not say, regarding anything, ‘I will do that tomorrow,’ ” 24. “ Save (say): ‘If Allah pleases’, and remember your Lord when you forget, and say: ‘It may be that my Lord will guide me to a nearer way to the right than this’. ”

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Section 5

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The Parable of an Ungrateful and a Grateful Man

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How ingratitude draws the deprivation of the blessings of Allah and how gratitude increases the bounties of the Lord. ■

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42. “ And his fruits were enwrapped (into destruction), so he began wringing his hands for what he had expended in it, and it was fallen down upon its trellises, and he was saying: ‘Alas me! Would I had not associated with my Lord any one!’ ” 43. “ And he had no troop to help him as against (the wrath of) Allah, nor could he help himself.” 44. “ Thereover protection belongs only to Allah, the True; He is best rewarding, and best for consequence.”

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1 Like what is seen in televisions and satellites today. Thus, Allah Who is the creator of man is powerful to make present his deeds and show them in Hereafter.

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