Diplomacy of Hope: Canada and Disarmament, 1945-1988 9780773563506
A Diplomacy of Hope is the first comprehensive survey of the history of Canadian diplomacy in the area of arms control a
136 106 32MB
English Pages 696 [694] Year 1991
Table of contents :
Contents
Tables and Figures
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
Acronyms
1 The Bees and the Ants
Good and Bad Marriages: Policy and Strategy
The Bees and the Ants
Psychological Make-Up and Strategies of Negotiation
Policy Coordination between the Bees and the Ants
The Lazy Ant
The Absent-Minded Bee
The Centralizing Bee
The Ant Goes to War
2 Canada Caught in the Squall, 1945–1952
The Major Transformations
Controlling the Atom
The Atomic Energy Commission
Control of Armed Forces and Weapons Reductions
The Commission for Conventional Armaments
Canadian Diplomatic Actions
Foundations
Canada and the Atomic Energy Commission
Canada and the Commission for Conventional Armaments
Atoms for War or for Peace?
3 The Pilgrim's Staff and the Blind Man's Cane
The Disarmament Commission and Its Subcommittee
Canada and the Disarmament Commission
Canada's Overall Position
Canadian Reaction to the Tripartite Proposal
The Canadian Proposal for a New Approach
The French Compromise Formula of 24 June 1952
Canada and the Subcommittee of Five
The Question of Canada's Participation in the Subcommittee
Canada and the Proposals Discussed in 1954 and 1955
The "Open Skies" Proposal and the Canadian Arctic
Canada and the Proposals Discussed in 1956 and 1957
4 Things Told and Things Untold
"Open Skies" over the Canadian Arctic
The Rapacki Plan
The Burns Plan
5 The Catechesis of Perseverance: Canada and the Ten-Nation Committee on Disarmament
The Preliminary Talks
Dynamics of the Negotiations
The Canadian Position
Areas of Canadian Diplomatic Intervention
6 The Nuclear Threat: From Dread to Denial
Origin and Evolution of the Eighteen-Nation Committee
Continuity of Canadian Policy (1962–1969)
Areas of Canadian Intervention in the Eighteen-Nation Committee
General and Complete Disarmament
Partial Measures of Disarmament
7 Canada and the Non-Proliferation Treaty
Growing Civil and Military Importance of the Atom
Brief History of Negotiations
Evolution of International Nuclear Safeguards
Canada and Nuclear Non-Proliferation
Canada, the MLF and Non-Proliferation
Canada's Input to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
Canadian Application of Nuclear Safeguards
The Three Review Conferences on the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
8 Canada's Position on Chemical and Biological Weapons
General Considerations
Legal Considerations
Military Considerations
Canadian Experience in Chemical Weapons
The Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention
Canada's Position from 1966 to 1972
The Chemical Weapons Convention
Negotiations on Chemical Weapons
Canadian Policy on Chemical Weapons
9 A Comprehensive Test Ban: In Search of the Grail
General Considerations
Ionizing Radiation
Nuclear Tests and the Arms Race
Seismic Detection
International Efforts in Seismic Detection
Negotiations Leading to the Partial Test Ban Treaty of 1963
Historical Review of Negotiations
Canada's Position between 1956 and 1963
The Elusive CTB Treaty
Overview of Negotiations
Canada's Position between 1963 and 1978
Unwavering Canadian Support (1978–1988)
10 Canada and Outer Space
Space Law
Space Law and Arms Control
Arms Control and Space
Overview of Negotiations
Negotiations on ASAT (1978–1985)
The NST and the ABM Treaty
The ASAT-ABM Linkage
The Canadian Position
Canada and ASAT Weapons
Canada, SDI and the ABM Treaty
Canada and Verification from Space
11 Of Turtles and Tanks: Canada and the MBFR Negotiations
MBFR Origins and Canada
The Beginnings of the MBFR
MBFR Origins in the West
Warsaw Pact Reactions
The Final Stages
Canada's Position During the Preparatory Phase of Negotiations (1966–1973)
The Vienna Marathon: MBFR Proposals 1973–1986
Framework of the Negotiations
Initial Positions
The Long March (1974–1979)
Demise of the Negotiations
Analysis of Negotiations: The MBFR and Canada's Role
Canada's Role in the Vienna Negotiations
12 A Matter of Confidence: Canada and the Military Aspects of the CSCE
Finding the Key in Helsinki
Origins of the Notion of CBMS: An Idea in Search of a Theory
The Development of CBMS following the Harmel Report (1968–1971)
The Emergence of CBMS in the CSCE (1971–1972)
The Multilateral Preparatory Talks at Dipoli (November 1972–June 1973)
From Helsinki to Helsinki: Negotiations on CBMS (1973–1975)
The Final Act of Helsinki: Assessment from a CBM Standpoint
Hopes Fade in Belgrade
A New Bid in Madrid
The French Initiative for a Conference on Disarmament in Europe (1977–1979)
The Work of the Atlantic Alliance in Preparation for the Madrid Negotiations (1979–1980)
The Madrid Conference and the CDE Mandate
Appendix I: The 25 CBMS Studied by NATO
Appendix II: Package of Western CBMS in Summer 1980
Appendix III: Package of Measures for a CDE Mandate
13 From the Megaphone to the Boudoir: Canada and the Stockholm Conference (1983–1986)
Prelude to Stockholm: The Positions of the Participants during the Summer and Fall of 1983
The Plenary Phase: January to December 1984
Exchange of Proposals
The Nature of the Problem
The Working Group Phase: January to December 1985
Information Measures
Calendars
Notification Measures
Observation Measures
Execution and Verification
Development of Means of Communication
The Drafting Phase: January to September 1986
The Stockholm Accord: A Summary
Conclusion
Appendix A: Primary Sources
Appendix B: Main Topics Discussed by the Canadian Representatives before the Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee, the Conference of the Committee on Disarmament, the Committee on Disarmament and the Conference on Disarmament
Appendix C: Texts and Documents submitted by Canada before the Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee, the Conference of the Committee on Disarmament, the Committee on Disarmament and the Conference on Disarmament
Notes
Bibliography
Index
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