Die Ethnologie und die Politik des Raums: Bedeutungsproduktion im ethnographischen Film [1. Aufl.] 9783839426371

The ratio of representation and otherness and the problem of space in colonial and postcolonial contexts are the focus o

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Die Ethnologie und die Politik des Raums: Bedeutungsproduktion im ethnographischen Film [1. Aufl.]
 9783839426371

Table of contents :
Inhalt
Einleitung
1. Verraumlichung der Macht
1.1 Konstruktionen des kolonialen Raums
1.1.1 Eigene und andere Raume
1.1.2 Die Konstruktion raumlicher Distanz und raumlicher Isolation
1.2 Ethnologische Konstruktionen des kolonialen Raums
1.2.1 Krise der Wissenschaftlichkeit
1.2.2 Feldforschungen im kolonialen Raum
1.3 Die filmische Bemachtigung des kolonisierten Subjektes
1.3.1 Raumillusionen im ethnographischen Film
1.3.2 Der ethnographische Film als Instrument kultureller und raumlicher Bemachtigung
2. Umbruche und Aufbruche - Die Krise der REPRASENTATION
2.1 Dekolonisierungsprozesse und die Neugestaltung kolonialer Raume
2.2 Antworten auf und Auswege aus der Krise der Reprasentation?
2.2.1 Reformulierung der ethnologischen Begegnungen
2.2.2 Umkehrung und die Pluralitat von Ethnologien
2.3 Die Dekolonisierung der Leinwande
2.3.1 Die filmische Ermachtigung des kolonisierten Subjektes?
2.3.2 Dekolonisierung und Wiederaneignungen des (filmischen) Raums
3. Die Entraumlichung von Kultur
3.1 Verortungen im Globalisierungsdiskurs
3.1.1 Was ist Globalisierung? - Oder die Abkehr von einem undifferenzierten Globalisierungsbegriff
3.1.2 Die kulturellen Konsequenzen von Globalisierung
3.2 Die Re-Konzeptualisierung von Raum. De- und Reterritorialisierungsprozesse und die Gleichzeitigkeit alter und neuer Raummodelle
3.2.1 Globalisierung oder das Ende vom Raum?
3.2.2 ,Reinvention of anthropology'. Globalisierung als Herausforderung fur die Ethnologie
3.3 Neue Raumdimensionen. Die Rolle des ethnographischen Films
4. Zwischen Heimat und Feldforschung. Raumubergreifende Bedeutungsproduktionen im ethnographischen Film i
4.1 En Route - ,Pan-African cinema of exile‘
4.1.1 Auswahl der Filme und Erkenntnisinteresse
4.1.2 Filmbeschreibungen
4.1.2.1 Jean-Marie Tenos Vacances au pays (2000)
4.1.2.2 Samba Felix Ndiayes Questions a la terre natale (2006)
4.1.2.3 Manthia Diawaras In Search of Africa (1998)
4.1.2.4 Abderrahmane Sissakos Rostov-Luanda (1997)
4.1.2.5 Abderrahmane Sissakos La vie sur terre (1998)
4.1.3 Vorgehensweise und Analyseaspekte
4.2 Vom ,Verlust des exotischen Feldes‘ und jenseits einer territorialen Isolation
4.3 Verwurzelt in der Entwurzelung. Postkoloniale Identitatssuche und .Migrating Identities‘
4.4 ,Reco(r)ding Reality‘: Machtverhaltnisse und .Cinema of Montage‘
Schlussbetrachtung
Literaturverzeichnis
Verzeichnis der angefuhrten Filme
Sequenzprotokolle
Danksagung

Citation preview

Carena Brenner Die Ethnologie und die Politik des Raums

Postcolonial Studies | Band 17

Carena Brenner (Dr. phil.) ist Kulturwissenschaftlerin und freie Kulturschaffende. Ihre Forschungsschwerpunkte liegen an der Schnittstelle von Transkulturalismus, kultureller Globalisierung und Ethnologie.

Carena Brenner

Die Ethnologie und die Politik des Raums Bedeutungsproduktion im ethnographischen Film

Zgl.: Lüneburg, Leuphana Universität, Dissertation 2011

Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. © 2014 transcript Verlag, Bielefeld

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