DevOps with Kubernetes: Accelerating software delivery with container orchestrators [2 ed.] 1789533996, 9781789533996

Table of contents :
Cover
Title Page
Copyright and Credits
About Packt
Contributors
Table of Contents
Preface
Chapter 1: Introduction to DevOps
Software delivery challenges
Waterfall and static delivery
Agile and digital delivery
Software delivery on the cloud
Continuous integration
Continuous delivery
Configuration management
Infrastructure as code
Orchestration
The microservices trend
Modular programming
Package management
The MVC design pattern
Monolithic applications
Remote procedure call
RESTful design
Microservices
Automation and tools
Continuous integration tools
Configuration management tools
Monitoring and logging tools
Communication tools
The public cloud
Summary
Chapter 2: DevOps with Containers
Understanding containers
Resource isolation
Linux containers
Containerized delivery
Getting started with containers
Installing Docker for Ubuntu
Installing Docker for CentOS
Installing Docker for macOS
The life cycle of a container
The basics of Docker
Layers, images, containers, and volumes
Distributing images
Connecting containers
Working with a Dockerfile
Writing your first Dockerfile
The syntax of a Dockerfile
Organizing a Dockerfile
Multi-stage builds
Multi-container orchestration
Piling up containers
An overview of Docker compose
Composing containers
Summary
Chapter 3: Getting Started with Kubernetes
Understanding Kubernetes
Kubernetes components
Master components
API server (kube-apiserver)
Controller manager (kube-controller-manager)
etcd
Scheduler (kube-scheduler)
Node components
Kubelet
Proxy (kube-proxy)
Docker
The interaction between the Kubernetes master and nodes
Getting started with Kubernetes
Preparing the environment
kubectl
Kubernetes resources
Kubernetes objects
Namespaces
Name
Label and selector
Annotation
Pods
ReplicaSet
Deployments
Services
ClusterIP
NodePort
LoadBalancer
ExternalName (kube-dns version >= 1.7)
Service without selectors
Volumes
Secrets
Retrieving secrets via files
Retrieving secrets via environment variables
ConfigMap
Using ConfigMap via volume
Using ConfigMap via environment variables
Multi-container orchestration
Summary
Chapter 4: Managing Stateful Workloads
Kubernetes volume management
Container volume life cycle
Sharing volume between containers within a pod
Stateless and stateful applications
Kubernetes' persistent volume and dynamic provisioning
Abstracting the volume layer with a persistent volume claim
Dynamic provisioning and StorageClass
Problems with ephemeral and persistent volume settings
Replicating pods with a persistent volume using StatefulSet
Submitting Jobs to Kubernetes
Submitting a single Job to Kubernetes
Submitting a repeatable Job
Submitting a parallel Job
Scheduling running a Job using CronJob
Summary
Chapter 5: Cluster Administration and Extension
Kubernetes namespaces
Context
Creating a context
Switching the current context
Kubeconfig
Service account
Authentication and authorization
Authentication
Service account token authentication
User account authentication
Authorization
Role-based access control (RBAC)
Roles and ClusterRoles
RoleBinding and ClusterRoleBinding
Admission control
NamespaceLifecycle
LimitRanger
ServiceAccount
PersistentVolumeLabel
DefaultStorageClass
ResourceQuota
DefaultTolerationSeconds
PodNodeSelector
AlwaysPullImages
DenyEscalatingExec
Other admission controller plugins
Dynamic admission control
Admission webhook
Custom resources
Custom resources definition
Summary
Chapter 6: Kubernetes Network
Kubernetes networking
Docker networking
Container-to-container communications
Pod-to-pod communications
Pod communication within the same node
Pod communication across nodes
Pod-to-service communications
External-to-service communications
Ingress
Network policy
Service mesh
Summary
Chapter 7: Monitoring and Logging
Inspecting a container
The Kubernetes dashboard
Monitoring in Kubernetes
Monitoring applications
Monitoring infrastructure
Monitoring external dependencies
Monitoring containers
Monitoring Kubernetes
Getting monitoring essentials for Kubernetes
Hands-on monitoring
Getting to know Prometheus
Deploying Prometheus
Working with PromQL
Discovering targets in Kubernetes
Gathering data from Kubernetes
Visualizing metrics with Grafana
Logging events
Patterns of aggregating logs
Collecting logs with a logging agent per node
Running a sidecar container to forward written logs
Ingesting Kubernetes state events
Logging with Fluent Bit and Elasticsearch
Extracting metrics from logs
Incorporating data from Istio
The Istio adapter model
Configuring Istio for existing infrastructure
Mixer templates
Handler adapters
Rules
Summary
Chapter 8: Resource Management and Scaling
Scheduling workloads
Optimizing resource utilization
Resource types and allocations
Quality of Service (QoS) classes
Placing pods with constraints
Node selector
Affinity and anti-affinity
Node affinity
Inter-pod affinity
Prioritizing pods in scheduling
Elastically scaling
Horizontal pod autoscaler
Incorporating custom metrics
Managing cluster resources
Resource quotas of namespaces
Creating a ResourceQuota
Request pods with default compute resource limits
Node administration
Pod eviction
Taints and tolerations
Summary
Chapter 9: Continuous Delivery
Updating resources
Triggering updates
Managing rollouts
Updating DaemonSet and StatefulSet
DaemonSet
StatefulSet
Building a delivery pipeline
Choosing tools
End-to-end walk-through of the delivery pipeline
The steps explained
env
script
after_success
deploy
Gaining a deeper understanding of pods
Starting a pod
Liveness and readiness probes
Custom readiness gate
init containers
Terminating a pod
Handling SIGTERM
SIGTERM isn't sent to the application process
SIGTERM doesn't invoke the termination handler
Container life cycle hooks
Tackling pod disruptions
Summary
Chapter 10: Kubernetes on AWS
Introduction to AWS
Public cloud
API and infrastructure as code
AWS components
VPC and subnet
Internet gateways and NAT-GW
Security group
EC2 and EBS
ELB
Amazon EKS
Deep dive into AWS EKS
Launching the EKS control plane
Adding worker nodes
Cloud provider on EKS
Storage class
Load balancer
Internal load balancer
Internet-facing load balancer
Updating the Kubernetes version on EKS
Upgrading the Kubernetes master
Upgrading worker nodes
Summary
Chapter 11: Kubernetes on GCP
Introduction to GCP
GCP components
VPC
Subnets
Firewall rules
VM instances
Load balancing
Health check
Backend service
Creating a LoadBalancer
Persistent Disk
Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE)
Setting up your first Kubernetes cluster on GKE
Node pool
Multi-zone clusters
Cluster upgrade
Kubernetes cloud provider
StorageClass
L4 LoadBalancer
L7 LoadBalancer (ingress)
Summary
Chapter 12: Kubernetes on Azure
Introduction to Azure
Resource groups
Azure virtual network
Network security groups
Application security groups
Subnets
Azure virtual machines
Storage account
Load balancers
Azure disks
Azure Kubernetes service
Setting up your first Kubernetes cluster on AKS
Node pools
Cluster upgrade
Monitoring and logging
Kubernetes cloud provider
Role-based access control
StorageClass
L4 LoadBalancer
Ingress controller
Summary
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