Decorative plasterwork in Great Britain 9781317742876, 1317742877, 9781317742883, 1317742885

Table of contents :
1. Magnificent building --
2. Materials and methods --
3. Wrought with plaster, 1500-1600 --
4. The beste masters, 1660-1702 --
5. Adorned with stucco, 1702-1760 --
6. Classical composition, 1760-1830 --
9. Plasterwork in Scotland.

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DECORATIVE PLASTERWORK IN GREAT BRITAIN Geoffrey Beard

Foreword: Jeff Orton Preface: Geoffrey Beard Introduction: Richard Ireland

First Edition published in 1975 by Phaidon Press Limited Published  by  Donhead  Publishing  Ltd  2011 Published  2015  by  Routledge   2  Park  Square,  Milton  Park,  Abingdon,  Oxon  OX14   4RN  711  Third  Avenue,  New  York,  NY  10017,  USA   Routledge  is  an  imprint  of  the  Taylor  &  Francis  Group,   an  informa  business  

New Foreword to this edition © 2010 Jeff Orton. New Preface © 2010 Geoffrey Beard. New Introduction © 2010 Richard Ireland ©  Taylor  &  Francis  2011   All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised  in  any  form  or  by  any  electronic,  mechanical,  or  other  means,   now  known  or  hereafter  invented,  including  photocopying  and  recording,   or  in  any  information  storage  or  retrieval  system,  without  permission  in   writing from the publishers.   Product  or  corporate  names  may  be  trademarks  or  registered   trademarks,  and  are  used  only  for  identification  and  explanation  without   intent  to    infringe.  

ISBN  13:  978-­‐‑1-­‐‑873394-­‐‑91-­‐‑5  (hbk)  

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Beard, Geoffrey W. Decorative plasterwork in Great Britain. 1. Plasterwork, Decorative--Great Britain--History. 2. Country homes--Decoration--Great Britain--History. I. Title 729.5'0941-dc22

FOREWORD to the 2011 edition

It is very fortunate for the art and craft of plastering that Donhead has chosen to produce this reprint of Geoffrey Beard’s Decorative Plasterwork in its entirety. It is without question the best account of the history of decorative plasterwork in this country so far recorded, and is a monument to Geoffrey’s patience and dedicated research over many years. It was first published in 1975, and up until then the only two historical books that had appeared on this subject were Laurence Turner’s major work of the same name and Margaret Jourdain’s English Decorative Plasterwork of the Renaissance; these both appeared in the 1920s. Much later, in 1976, Stagg & Pegg produced Plastering, A Craftsman’s Encyclopaedia, a purely technical treatise aimed at educating and encouraging the plastering student and older craftsmen to understand their trade. When I finished my apprenticeship in the late 1960s, I was eager to discover everything about the origins of this craft and the people who created the work. I was particularly keen to buy all the old books available on the subject. My first purchases were Millar’s first and fourth editions of Plastering Plain and Decorative, and a copy of Margaret Jourdain’s book. Then I found Decorative Plasterwork in Great Britain by Geoffrey Beard, and this filled a very important gap. It provided a valuable insight into the different styles, and their periods of execution, this being a real bonus for a practical plasterer, interested in old work. The format in which the text was structured offered a very different perspective from the previous two books of the 1920s. Margaret Jourdain split her chapters into styles – for instance, ‘The Naturalistic School’ (the latter part of the seventeenth century). Laurence Turner’s book was defined by the period of the current reigning monarch. This had some merit for quite distinct timescales, such as the Elizabethan and Jacobean periods, but was less successful and more complicated for the Georgian

period which extended over a period of a hundred years. Also, these two volumes were more limited as their coverage didn’t extend beyond the eighteenth century, whereas Geoffrey’s more clearly structured text ventures into the early nineteenth century and beyond. It shows that it contributed some wonderful decorative plasterwork that was a genuine continuation and evolution on what had gone before. Although a few major restoration projects such as Uppark, Prior Park and Windsor Castle at the end of the last century have kept some of the traditional skills alive, we cannot rely on major fires to perpetuate the tradition that has been with us for half a millennium. The fact that we sometimes have to repair, restore, conserve, even recreate these many years of craftsmanship, has meant that there is a vital need for an understanding of the changes that have taken place over the centuries. We need to understand the differences in styles, techniques and period fashion that dictate how the materials were used to achieve the desired results, both from an aesthetic and technical perspective. It is true that today, anything can be copied in whatever material, but to repair a very important historical building or object in a correct and sensitive manner requires some knowledge of these stylistic changes. Jeff Orton November 2010

Jeff Orton (Plasterer) C.R.P., A.P.C., M.P.C.G. Jeff Orton served a full plastering apprenticeship from 1963 to 1968 with a traditional family firm, and gained a 'First Class' in the Craft level City and Guilds, followed by a 'Distinction' in the Advanced Craft City and Guilds Final Examination. He is a Freeman of the Worshipful Company of Plaisterers (C.R.P.) and is also an associate of the Worshipful Company (A.P.C.). In 1981 he attended the San Servolo Architectural Conservation Course for Craftsmen in Venice. He is a member and past chairman of the Plasterers Craft Guild, and is currently a committee member of the Building Limes Forum. Following a bad fall from a scaffold in 2005, he has been unable to work, but remains committed to encouraging a better understanding of traditional plastering skills through lectures, demonstrations and training, all on a voluntary basis. In 2009 he visited both the American College of the Building Arts and the Island of St Helena in the South Atlantic, where he and his son were involved in a craft skills training project.

PREFACE to the 2011 Edition

It is over thirty-five years since the first edition of Decorative Plasterwork in Great Britain (1975) appeared, and in the time that has elapsed I have been delighted by the response it has received. While there are still no major new monographs on the subject and much still remains to be done, definite progress has been made over the last few decades. The key pieces are listed below. If Decorative Plasterwork had a fault it was that it lacked any pretension to practical matters on restoration of original surfaces. That is put right in the present book by a new Introduction written by Richard Ireland, a University graduate, with experience of restoring plasterwork at, for example, Uppark and in Ireland. More recently, the establishment of the Building Limes Forum has created an arena for the discussion and publication of practical and art historical articles relating to the use of lime plaster in its journal and at its annual ‘gatherings’. I travelled in 1974 to the hill villages above Lake Lugano, near the Swiss and Italian borders, in the company of Guiseppe Martinola, of the Historical Cantonal Commission in Lugano. Our purpose was to examine parish registers in the hope that it would prove possible to isolate the stuccoists who worked in England and Ireland. We had some success, although much remains to be done. The Dublin International Conference in April 2010 (organised superbly by Christine Casey of the Art History and Architecture Department of Trinity College, the proceedings of which are to be published in 2011) contained a paper by Andrea Spiriti on ‘Stuccoes of the masters of the Lombard lakes’, which underlined the point of Martinola’s and my research. I was excited as a young man by the results of our researches, not just because they related to the eighteenth century – my preferred period – but also because they expanded the picture of Italian stucco in the Protestant north. I shall long remember the work by the Artaris, father and sons, in the church at Arogno, which may have been far removed

from the stucco practised in England, being more suited to a Catholic setting. It also helped to have someone who spoke fluent Italian, and could read the entries in often untidy parish registers. I was excited, too, at the thought that I was being something of a pioneer in seeking out the stuccoists who worked far away from their native setting. David Bostwick traced the career of John Johnson of York, who was engaged to work for the King at Edinburgh Castle in 1617, as I state, and traced the Rose family of plasterers, of Norton, near Sheffield, back to the seventeenth century. Richard Hewlings (English Heritage), used this when completing research on Wentworth Woodhouse in South Yorkshire, having established that members of the Rose family worked there in the 1720s, some thirty years before that of Joseph and Jonathan Rose, the celebrated neo-classical plasterers, which later resulted in the ‘Whistle-jacket’ room after the famous painting of the racehorse. The Raynham House archives have recently become available. Plate 71 attributes the work at this Norfolk house to Isaac Mansfield. The archives do show that, indeed, Mansfield did the plasterwork there, assisted by Giovanni Bugatti, the Swiss-Italian, who came on to Raynham from nearby Houghton. Now to published works that reflect the continuing interest in plasterwork since I wrote this book. Pride of place must go to the late Professor Carlo Palumbo-Fossati’s Gli Stu[u]ccatori Ticinesi in Lafrachini in Inghilterra e in Irlanda nel Secolo XVIII, published in Lugano in 1982 by Fondazione Ticino Nostro, with a useful Foreword by Martinola. Whilst the Professor was kind enough to acknowledge my earlier work, he took knowledge of the brothers much further, and assigned much work to them (with documentation) principally in the north of England and Ireland. He established, for example, that the work at Lumley Castle, Wallington and Fenham Hall was by them. My own Stucco and Decorative Plasterwork in Europe was published by Thames and Hudson in 1983. Then there are local studies: Monica Puloy, ‘Decorative Plasterwork in Hertfordshire’, Herts Archaeology, 8 (1980–82); John and Jane Penoyre, Decorative Plasterwork in the Houses of Somerset, 1500–1700, published by Somerset County Council in 1994, my own Italian Stuccoists in Yorkshire, published by Fairfax House, York, in 1986; John Thorp on Wall Painting and Lime Plaster Decorations in Peter Beacham’s Devon Building, 1990. Totnes Heritage Group, in Devon, published a booklet in 2009, on plasterwork ceilings around Totnes. Historic Scotland Technical Advice Note No. 26 Care and Conservation of 17th Century Plasterwork in Scotland, 2004 with its glossary of Scottish plasterwork.

Ireland, as a country, has been well served by recent research – C. P. Curran’s book, Dublin Decorative Plasterwork of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries, 1967, Joseph McDonnell’s Irish Eighteenth Century Stuccowork and its European Sources, published in 1991 by the National Gallery of Ireland and Richard Ireland’s work. There are also valuable chapters in Anthony Wells-Cole, Art and Decoration in Elizabethan and Jacobean England, 1997. Two buildings that are renowned for their plasterwork have received particular attention. Professor Martin Biddle has published several articles on Nicholas Bellin and the stuccoes of Nonsuch, most recently in Plaster Casts – Making, Collecting and Displaying from Classical Antiquity to the Present, ed. Frederiksen and Marchand, 2010. Christopher Rowell, Uppark Restored, 1996, covers the recreation of the plasterwork following the fire that all but destroyed it. Three theses deserve a special mention. Claire Gapper studied architectural history and completed a doctoral thesis at the Courtauld Institute of Art in 1998, ‘Plasterers and Plasterwork in City, Court and Country, c.1530 – c.1640’. She continues to research, publish and lecture on this subject, which spans academic and conservation issues. David Bostwick likewise lectures on his subject. He submitted a doctoral thesis to the University of Sheffield, in 1992, entitled ‘Decorative Plasterwork in the Yorkshire Region, 1570–1670’ which surveyed plasterwork in the northern area. Tara Hamling M. Phil thesis, Decoration and Devotion – Religious Representation in West Country Decorative Plasterwork c.1590 – c.1660, University of Birmingham, 1998. This was the beginning of research that is included in Decorating the ‘Godly’ Household – Religious Art in PostReformation Britain, published in 2010. I am indebted to Jeff Orton, a plasterer with vast experience who has provided a Foreword to this book, to Richard Ireland for his extensive Introduction and to Jill Pearce of Donhead Publishing, who has published what, to many, is still a minority interest, apart from guiding me in the intricacies of issuing this book. Also, my thanks to my wife, Margaret, are many and varied. Geoffrey Beard Bath, November 2010

Page Intentionally Left Blank

INTRODUCTION to the 2011 edition

Dr Geoffrey Beard’s extensive career has incorporated several overlapping subjects producing a significant contribution to our understanding of the decorative arts. His intensive and systematic scholarship commenced with a study of nineteenth-century cameo glass, before expanding his research into Georgian Craftsmen and their Work (1966). This research built on and extended that of Laurence Turner’s Decorative Plasterwork in Great Britain (1927) and Margaret Jourdain’s English Decorative Plasterwork of the Renaissance (1926), and was to eventually be developed into a comprehensive gazetteer of many of the previously unknown craftsmen, their methods and the practices that fashioned the fabulous finished works that had hitherto been the principal focus of scholars’ attention. He was co-founder of the Furniture History Society in 1964, editing its journal for the first ten years (1964–73) and frequently contributing himself. Following a career in museums, he became Director of the Visual Arts at Lancaster University 1972–82, during which time he published many seminal books including Decorative Plasterwork in Great Britain (1975). He was Director of the Attingham Summer School for the Study of Historic Houses and Collections from 1986–94. His books on furniture include The National Trust Book of English Furniture (1985), Dictionary of English Furniture Makers 1660–1840 (1986) co-authored with Christopher Gilbert and English Furniture 1500–1840 (1987). His published works on interiors have included Craftsmen and Interior Decoration in England 1660–1820 (1981), Robert Adam’s Country Houses (1981), The National Trust Book of the English House Interior (1990) and Upholsterers and Interior Furnishing in England 1530–1840 (1997). He has also published books on selected architects including The Work of Robert Adam (1978), The Work of Christopher Wren (1982), The Work of John Vanbrugh (1986), as well as that of the outstanding wood carver in The Work of Grinling Gibbons (1990) and a wide-ranging study, The

Compleat Gentleman: Five Centuries of Aristocratic Life (1993). In 1982 Geoffrey took early retirement from Lancaster University and moved to Bath, where he and his wife still live. He was awarded the OBE in the New Year’s honours list for services to Heritage in 2008. One of his earliest and most significant achievements, long acknowledged as a pioneering study in the field of plasterwork, is his landmark Decorative Plasterwork in Great Britain (1975) which has left him inseparably associated with plasterwork. This was joined by Stucco and Decorative Plasterwork in Europe (1983). The quality and extent of research filled a gaping void in the literature that had not hitherto been addressed. The body of earlier studies principally concentrated on stylistic developments. Plasterwork as a material had been minutely observed and examined. Stylistic changes and developments had been tracked – historic fabric meticulously plotted and every element of plaster enrichment recorded. Nearly every facet had been explored to determine the ‘what’ of plaster. Geoffrey’s scholastic scalpel cut deep beneath the decorative surface to explore the ‘why’ and the ‘how’ of plaster. For the first time the many and varied complex mechanisms and relationships that had harnessed and developed such creativity and dramatic displays from such inert base materials were explored. As is evident from the rich selection of works, his expertise and scholarship is extensive indeed, with his published books on English furniture sharing as important a position as that of his plasterwork in his oeuvre. As Geoffrey noted in the opening line of the original preface to this book, ‘It should not be claimed for plasterwork that it is as important a decorative medium as painting.’ This might offer some explanation as to why the subject matter had attracted less scholarly attention than it might merit. However, this can only be part of the story. The decorative arts are awash with attractive subjects with more readilymined rich seams of documentary evidence. Plasterwork is at once of simple stuff and simple to grasp, yet as opaque and unyielding as the material itself. What Geoffrey applied was the systematic, relentless pursuit of documentary evidence into often pioneering research archives of banks as well as the more conventional repositories such as Parish registers and private and international archives. In a period where footwork was yet to be eased by the explosion of rapid and effective mass communication and distribution of information, his determination to unearth and pursue the bleakest of clues cannot be underestimated. It is surely the difficulty of unearthing and substantiating such a mindnumbing scope of buried evidence that had previously screened plaster from such a deep and incisive exploration of its craftsmen.

The ‘Select List of Plasterers’ is the core resource at the heart of

Decorative Plasterwork. It traces bills and all manner of documentary evidence to ascertain the intricacies of patronage, craftsmen and provenance – to name but a trio of elements, disentangled from the dense web of lists and registers. In this book Geoffrey owns, ‘it has not been possible to publish every name in my files. Thousands of names…would have to be added. The list which does appear includes most of the plasterers who are likely to have worked in the great country houses.’ He goes on to state ‘it is difficult for one person to issue a complete dictionary. A dictionary of craftsmen is needed, and all of us would be royally served if only three or four of us would compile it.’ In later works Geoffrey adds and extends his list of craftsmen across furniture and interiors and royally these lists have certainly served. Geoffrey’s very particular brand of systematic detective work and scholarship laid a foundation for the understanding of this plastic and versatile material as enduring as the plaster itself. It has been paramount for the depth and merit of the research that has followed since. It is this relentless pursuit of the understanding of the craftsmen and the manner in which they worked that singles out Decorative Plasterwork in Great Britain as such a pioneering and ground-breaking work. At last, scholars had a work worthy of the subject matter. The devastating fire at Uppark House of 1989 proved to be a significant turning point in the UK for the practical archaeological research of eighteenth-century plasterwork and the subsequent conservation, repair and reinstatement of in situ freehand modelled decorative plaster. Ultimately, the National Trust’s resolve to restore, coupled with the insurance position for total reinstatement, was crucial. This provided the catalyst to stimulate further scholarly research drawing upon the resources that historians, archaeology and scientific analysis could employ to shed new light upon the subject. Previously, where such wholesale reinstatement was ordered, it would typically be carried out using plaster of Paris and moulds to fabricate a cast replacement. Such methods provide a very poor aesthetic substitute to the freedom, individuality and three-dimensional expression of the original in situ freehand lime plaster modelling techniques. Geoffrey’s book was my first call in the 1980s when setting about studying the information then available to gain the wider understanding necessary for the conservation of decorative plasterwork in historic buildings. His book provided an invaluable source of documentary research with which to help illuminate archaeological evidence in the search to untangle the many myths that surrounded the physical practice of modelling and plastering. Uppark provided a unique opportunity to research

the surviving salvaged eighteenth- and nineteenth-century decorative plasterwork enabling the methods and materials used to be more fully understood. Together with technical studies undertaken at English Heritage by John and Nicola Ashurst, the information gleaned enabled craftsmen to learn anew the forgotten materials and methods largely unused for more than a century. The legacy of the Uppark House restoration, finally re-opened to the public in 1995, continued to resonate throughout the UK. The lime plastering and modelling expertise acquired at Uppark found an all too early new project after the devastating 1991 fire at the 1742 Palladian mansion at Prior Park in Bath. Following extensive works, including restoration of the decorative plasterwork, the building was open once again in 1994. The benefits of collaboration across the traditionally often separate scientific, archaeological and art historical fields has continued to advance and stimulate our study and understanding of many aspects of the historic built environment. This constantly leads to the uncovering of new discoveries and adds vastly to our overall understanding of the subject. In turn, this has led to an increased awareness of the value of a holistic approach and resulted in a more sympathetic and appropriate treatment across all aspects of the manner of conservation and restoration of historic plasterwork. The modern scholar owes more than just a debt to Decorative Plasterwork; rather, it has laid the foundation for modern research of the subject. Whilst advances in knowledge relating to the material aspects of plaster have been made, at the core of the book lies the list of craftsmen which has provided the stimulus and inspiration for all that has followed. Geoffrey never set out to produce a technical manual of the physical aspects of historic plasterwork and this introduction seeks to provide a basic understanding of the materials and methods used that has come to light in the intervening years of research and practical application.

Materials

Terminology In a study of plaster it is essential to have an understanding of the materials. Historic literature is riddled with confusion and conflicting interpretations as a result of a limited technical vocabulary. For an

excellent paper on the issues and misconceptions that surround ‘stucco’, consult Dr Claire Gapper What is ‘Stucco’? English interpretations of an Italian Term, Architectural History, Vol 42, (1999) pp. 333-343. From the earliest times the term has been confusingly applied to internal lime plaster, gypsum (commonly referred to as plaster of Paris), through to external cement render. At best the term has been loosely used to describe decorative plasterwork but without any specific connotation of the material substance. The word ‘stucco’ is best left alone to avoid perpetuating further confusion. Where a generic term is required, the material is better described simply as plaster. Where the composition of the plaster is of key importance it should be described as such using the chief defining ingredient such as lime plaster or plaster of Paris. A brief technical description is outlined below. For a comprehensive technical treatment, the reader is directed to the forthcoming English Heritage publication expected in 2011 of the new edition of Practical Building Conservation which includes Mortars Plasters and Renders. Plaster is an incredibly versatile material. Once a cheap and simple means of simply ‘ceiling’ internal and external architectural surfaces, it was to develop to reach its artistic apotheosis in the eighteenth century across Europe. Applied to all kinds of architectural surfaces, it can be manipulated by skilled modellers to form breathtakingly rich and varied three-dimensional enrichment. It could dramatically frame ceiling and wall paintings or provide the standalone architectural enrichment. Compared with the expense of carving in stone or timber, plaster provided a very economical form of decorative enrichment. Plastering materials and methods remained largely unchanged over several centuries in Europe. In the UK and Ireland decorative run mouldings added to the normal flatwork treatment from the early sixteenth century were generally executed in lime. The greater brilliance and smoothness of plaster of Paris was exploited on occasion for high status use, particularly as a more suitable ground for decorative wall painting. The older methods were gradually ousted during the nineteenth century by faster setting alternatives including sand and cement based plasters and latterly ‘fibrous plaster’ (gypsum). These new technologies were coupled with the use of cast gypsum plaster enrichment, which was ushered in during the late eighteenth century for the rapid replication of decorative enrichment from pre-carved moulds. Two distinctive material types are generically termed ‘plaster’: lime, and gypsum, commonly referred to as ‘plaster of Paris’. Broadly, until the latter part of the eighteenth century, it was lime plaster that predominated.

Lime Lime is produced by the calcination of limestone rock CaC03 (calcium carbonate) at temperatures in excess of 1,000°C forming quick lime Ca0 (calcium oxide). Slaking with water (Ca0 + H20) produced a nonhydraulic lime putty – that is, a form of lime Ca(0H)2 (calcium hydroxide) which does not set on contact with water. The lime reverts to a chemically identical material as its parent rock by slow absorption of carbon dioxide during carbonation. Lime cycle: 1) CaC03 + 1,000°C = Ca0 + C02 2) Ca0 + H20 = Ca(0H)2 3) Ca(0H)2 + atmospheric absorption of C02 & evaporation of H20 = CaC03 The addition of set-enhancing pozzolans such as crushed brick to nonhydraulic lime plasters reduces setting time at the expense of malleability, as does the use of naturally hydraulic lime. Lime was common on building sites. It was used for mortar, external renders and for internal plastering. Ultimately artificial cements made pure limes all but redundant in new building construction, and gypsum-based plasters emerged as the predominant finish for interior walls and ceilings, but this change was surprisingly late and limes were still commonly used on building sites up until the Second World War. The unique qualities of lime plasters, when intimately combined with aggregates such as sand, include plasticity and controlled setting. These selfsame traits restrict maximum coat thickness to some ¾ in. (18 mm) and necessitate several days between applications to allow for shrinkage and development of adequate strength. The inclusion of differing grades of aggregate and of organic ingredients such as cattle hair, modify and adjust performance to suit the work in hand. The resulting mixture may be used to render walls and ceilings, run mouldings, press ornament and model in situ. A lengthy tending period is required for pure lime and sand plasters to ensure suitable setting conditions and to guard against too rapid drying which could lead to failure through excessive shrinkage, distortion and cracking. This led to the gauging of plasters with gypsum (plaster of Paris or casting plaster) towards the latter part of the eighteenth century. Its purpose was to provide a more rapid set and thus control shrinkage and reduce the excessive care otherwise required.

Gypsum (‘Plaster of Paris’) While lime is inherently weather-resistant and could be used inside or outside, the same is not true of gypsum (CaS04 2H20, calcium sulphate), otherwise known as ‘plaster of Paris’ or ‘casting plaster’. Mined in England from natural gypsum deposits like alabaster, it is most often referred to as ‘plaster of Paris’ due to the large deposits found in Montmartre in Paris from where it was imported. Calcined at no more than 120°C to produce a white powder, it typically sets rapidly and rigidly within fifteen minutes of mixing with water. This is a material for internal use only: it rapidly loses strength on contact with water. Gypsum was used in England from the sixteenth century and is occasionally mentioned in accounts for a variety of uses. It is not clear how widespread its use was in seventeenth-century plasterwork, as superficially it looks the same as lime plaster and it is only with chemical testing that the presence of gypsum can be confirmed. However, analysis of eighteenthcentury plasterwork at Uppark and elsewhere shows that lime plaster predominated. From the latter half of the eighteenth century gypsum was often used as an admixture combined with lime plaster to achieve an earlier set and to counteract shrinkage. Its other chief use was for the casting of decorative ornament like medallions and runs of enrichment such as egg and dart, a practice continuing today. By the twentieth century, wall plasters for internal use were increasingly formulated from gypsum mixed with different aggregates from lightweight expanded minerals, such as perlite, or heavier and denser aggregates to suit, from bonding to hardwall finishes. Indeed gypsum plasters so dominated the market that by the second half of the twentieth century very few plasterers had any experience of mixing or working with lime plasters, which had almost entirely disappeared from regular use.

Additives Numerous historical references are made to the use of organic additives to enhance and modify the performance and characteristics of lime plasters. The most commonly recurring references to additives are milk and cheese, eggs, blood, animal fat, animal glues, oil, beeswax, resin, beer, urine and dung. Some of these are highly questionable, for instance the use and benefits of urine. It is almost impossible to tell from surviving

material how frequently they were used due to the difficulties of tracing and appropriate analysis.

Aggregates Aggregates are vital and act as fillers in the plaster mix adding bulk and strength, reducing the amount of binder needed, and also help to reduce shrinkage as the plaster dries out. Sand is one of the most common aggregates for plasters, though crushed old lime plaster could also be added. It was usual from the eighteenth century onwards to wash sands, especially for better quality work. Angular sands, referred to as ‘sharp’, were traditionally used for superior performance and were obtained from quarries and pits. River sands were also good and widely used and were characterized by more rounded particles. Sea sands were also used in the past, though not without problems due to their more rounded particle size and contamination by sea salt that could have a deleterious effect on the finish and durability. In all cases, plastering required a wellgraded particle size which may not always have been readily obtainable. Crushed marble was not used extensively in Britain. It was an expensive commodity north of the Alps where sand was much more readily available and it was not the essential ingredient – a myth that some of the historic literature perpetuated. Other crushed rocks such as limestone and granite were also a regular addition.

Methods Materials and methods were widely adapted to suit local circumstances. Accumulation of experience and dissemination of knowledge incorporated and refined local variations. This led to the establishment and adoption of best practice that provides the core of the methods outlined below.

Flatwork Wattle and daub techniques have been used for at least 6,000 years and predominantly formed the basis of earlier flatwork in the UK and Ireland. Panel grounds were formed from woven thin branches and daubed with mixtures that might include principal binders of clay and lime with tensile reinforcement provided by materials such as straw and

animal hair. From the seventeenth century onwards wattle and daub was ousted by lath and plaster. Internal flatwork on walls and ceilings in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries was mostly composed of only two layers, with a base coat of coarse stuff keyed into the laths, which was covered with a finer layer and finished with white distemper. By the eighteenth century it was traditionally comprised of three layers: a render or pricking-up coat, floating coat and setting coat. The render or pricking-up coat was applied to solid or lathed backgrounds respectively. Laths would be hand-riven sweet chestnut or oak until the introduction of sawn softwood in the midnineteenth century. Because the lathwork affected the stability and form of the finished product, plasterers were traditionally responsible for fixing laths to structures provided by the carpenter. Lime plaster was made with sand and often had hair added. The use of coarse sharp sands reduced the effects of shrinkage whilst the inclusion of hair was typical for internal plastering to lathwork. A physical key for the following coat was formed by scratching the partially set surface with a rake assembled from a fan of three sharpened laths. The floating coat was usually formulated and applied in the same way as the pricking-up coat but with more attention paid to its ‘straightening’. Keying for the next coat was shallower and less vigorous using a devil float formed with three nails projecting Ƥ in. (3 mm) or so through the sole. The setting coat was formulated with much finer softer sands using a higher ratio of lime to sand and could exceed 1:1. Where hair was included it was finer and shorter – usually goat hair. Applied only to a maximum thickness of Ƥ in. (3 mm), considerable skill and attention was required to form fine surfaces. External rendering was usually carried out without hair and a coarser finish left on the surface usually by rubbing up with a wooden float. The final coats would have a similar ratio of binder to aggregate as internal render and float till the nineteenth century. Subsequently experimentation led to the common use of very dense hard finishes often over softer coarser textured base coats. By the beginning of the twentieth century, fibrous plaster casting of large flat and curved plain-faced sections became increasingly economical and heralded today’s extensive use of the techniques from domestic interiors through to the largest shopping malls. Cast slabs include woven hessian and sawn timber laths to enable lightweight sections and provide a strong internal framework for fixing to the desired

structures. Plain flat plasterboard developed from its invention in 1894 by Augustine Sackett, marketed as ‘Sackett Board’, before it evolved into ‘Gypsum Board’ around 1910 and subsequently further developed into the plasterboard in use today.

Run Mouldings Architectural topography such as changes of plane, downstands and ribs would typically be reflected in the underlying structure to minimize the weight and thickness of plaster required to form a feature. Run mouldings are so called because they were produced by the craftsman repeatedly passing a pre-cut metal profile (originally just wooden) of the desired shape across a surface whilst adding plaster. The profile was mounted on a timber frame known as a horse and was run against timber rails temporarily affixed, as appropriate, to the flatwork. By this means, continuous constant profile features, such as ribs, were formed in situ following the existing surface undulations. Features were built up layer by layer in the same manner as flatwork. Depressions and quirks would be incorporated in the profile, if desired, which allowed for the subsequent planting of separately formed units of decorative enrichment. These might take the form of small tiles of intertwining leaves, egg and dart or indeed all manner of low relief enrichment.

‘Press’ Moulding ‘Press’ moulded enrichment is a technique quite distinct from the pouring of gypsum casting plaster into moulds that started in the late eighteenth century and continues today. In this early technique, shallow low relief decorative elements were produced by the ‘pressing’ (beating) of a stiff, near dry lime plaster mix into reverse carved timber moulds. This was especially popular as a method to form decorative ‘tiles’ and ‘plates’ commonly employed as enrichment in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Flat-backed press-moulded enrichment would be used from simple embellishments and decorative relief applied to run moulded ribs or would be set in to ceiling flatwork, as at Knole House, Kent (early seventeenth century). This method was also used to form entire elaborate ceilings such as found, for instance, in the barrel-vaulted gallery at Chastleton, Buckinghamshire (1607–12), and window soffits and friezes of Dorton House, Buckinghamshire (1626).

The constraints of a solid and unyielding and inflexible timber mould resulted in the production of enrichment of characteristically low relief without undercut. Lime plaster press moulded enrichment is also characterized by warping and unevenness resulting from shrinkage of the lime as it dried. The method was not particularly efficient though appears to have been a common enough practice for repetitive embellishment in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. In the eighteenth century, the method continued to be used for the pressing of elements such as modillions and paterae, which were typically affixed by a combination of plaster and a large nail securing the ornament to the timber sub-structure. This was observed in the 1740s decorative plasterwork at Uppark for modillions, sections of egg and dart and paterae.

Freehand Modelling Modelling of lime plaster is an additive process by which material is gradually added and built up from the surface by the craftsman. It is important to distinguish this method from that of other sculptural materials as it is fundamental to the methods and techniques of its creation. Lime is not carved like the subtractive process used for carving timber or stone where material is progressively removed by the craftsman to reveal the piece within. Nor is lime as pliant a medium as clay, which benefits from both additive and subtractive methods. The modelling of lime requires the individual hand-working of each element from the surface outwards. The introduction of small corrections and surface indentations are only possible as the material is actually applied. The nature of the lime does not allow for a later return to create recesses, indentations and undercut, for instance. Instead, the craftsman must work up and introduce detail as he adds new material a little at a time. It is by this means that the freehand lime plaster modeller is able produced the deep undercut and layering which has so enriched the many buildings of the late seventeenth and eighteenth century. It is this characteristic, in particular, that distinguishes such vibrant and individual work from the minimal undercut of the later technically and precise mechanical repetition of cast plaster produced from rigid moulds. In the UK and Ireland, freehand modelling predominantly used slow-setting mixtures of non-hydraulic lime plaster. This meant that the modelling of a highly decorative ceiling might be measured in several months. This circumstance is quite different to the speed of some conti-

nental work, where the incorporation of gypsum plaster with its rapid setting qualities vastly accelerated production, and enabled several rooms to be completed in a few months. Lime, without set-enhancing additives, carbonates and hardens only very slowly and over many weeks. It remains malleable and soft for a considerable amount of time and thus requires some degree of support where great thickness or relief is required. Large projections such as limbs, wings, foliage or instruments required the use of a supporting armature. These could be ferrous: typically wrought iron wire, nails and lead, or organic: such as wood, leather and bone – indeed anything capable of providing suitable support for the carbonating plaster was used and often became a significant element in later deterioration. Highly-skilled labour-intensive hand modelling and press moulding of lime common up to the end of the eighteenth century, was gradually superseded by the ‘mechanical’ casting of ornament, poured in gypsum plaster, as the quest for economy and taste for less symmetrical voluptuous high relief was supplanted by the new wave of taste and economy of repetition.

Casting The shrinkage of lime plaster and comparatively slow set could be exploited to create flat surfaces, beaten into shallow reverse cut moulds to form ‘press’ moulded enrichment and manipulated or modelled in situ by those adept in the ‘plastic art’. However, the rapid setting time of gypsum (around fifteen minutes from mixing with clean water) lent itself to the more efficient casting of low relief repetitive architectural ornament. This typically used reverse carved hardwood moulds for durability and higher volume replication as well as less durable wax and clay moulds for comparatively small runs of enrichment. These methods became obsolete with the introduction of flexible moulding materials which were introduced and developed from the mid nineteenth century. To cast ‘in the round’ or with any degree of undercut, required complex piece moulds prior to flexible moulding technology. However, reverse carved timber or wellhardened plaster master moulds were sufficient for gypsum poured models without undercut. Artists’ studios used more technical moulding and casting techniques to form complex models in the round using interlocking piece moulds that located in a larger case for the production of cast statuary and similarly complicated subjects.

Mixed on its own with water to a creamy consistency, gypsum is particularly suited to pouring into low relief moulds with an absence of undercut. Exploitation of these attributes in the late eighteenth century, together with the rise in popularity of the Neoclassical style, enabled large quantities of repetitive low relief ornament to be churned out in a fraction of the time taken to model lime in situ. This led to the rapid decline of the lime plaster modeller as artist craftsman and ushered in the decorative plasterer as more of a technician. By the mid-nineteenth century, flexible gelatine moulding materials allowed a degree of undercut to be achieved in a single cast. Casts could be large or small, plain-faced or decorative. Sections would be made up of several smaller items if a large degree of undercut for the completed enrichment was required. Finished cast sections were then affixed to a latticework of timber joists or metal struts and all joins and gaps filled and made good using gypsum plaster. Moulds today are generally formed from cold cure silicone rubber supplanting mouldable thermoplastics in use post 1950 such as Vinamold. Pourable moulding materials are initially applied in a thin layer over a model typically of clay, timber or plaster and left until set. A hard cased backing is then formed over the rubber in plaster or glass reinforced plastic (G.R.P.) to give structural support when stripped from the model. Once stripped, and placed in its hard case, liquid plaster of Paris is poured into the mould and allowed to set – an operation of around half an hour. The mould is stripped off the set plaster to reveal the cast copy. This form of decorative plasterwork is not to be confused with the freehand in situ modelling of lime plaster that characterizes the outstanding undercut and relief of plaster decoration typical up until the late eighteenth century and surviving beyond in local areas.

Current Best Practice

Restoration and Conservation Conservation of decorative plaster, as opposed to restoration or reinstatement, is museum type application of processes requiring a deep understanding of a wide array of subjects including historic and modern materials where the use of the traditional materials and methods is not always in the best interest of preserving delicate and often very fragile surviving fabric.

For the replication and reinstatement of decorative lime plaster, the same techniques that were used in the past are used today. The great advances in understanding of the materials and methods traditionally employed in lime plastering generated from Uppark and other projects since, have enabled craftsmen to undertake work in a more historically sympathetic and appropriate manner. The work of English Heritage and organizations such as the Building Limes Forum continue to add to our practical knowledge. More importantly, a new generation has been able to acquire the necessary skills to undertake both reinstatement as well as new work in freehand-modelled decorative plaster, and are once more worthy of the appellation artist craftsman.

Rise and Fall From lowly beginnings, the humble plasterer had metamorphosed by degrees to skilled modeller able to fashion material from plain cornices to the most sculptural gods and goddesses peering from ceilings above, and all formed using the same basic mixture of inert plaster. The rise of the plasterer to artist craftsman was reflected in a similar rise for the best of them through the ranks of society to gain some prominence. But from the latter part of the eighteenth century the situation changed, and Turner laments the decline of the art and craft of the plasterer whose materials and methods were gradually made obsolete by the inexorable rise of faster-setting modern substitutes. Combined with the changing of fashions, this ultimately subjugated the plasterer to the role of technician and mechanic consigned to the production of innumerable repetitive casts from single moulds. Turner effectively dismisses what follows in the ‘Adam’ style and beyond as he sees the loss of such individually hand modelled artistry. The statement has great validity in regard of in situ freehand-modelled decorative plaster, but that is not to say that all subsequent interior ornamentation is any less skilled – it is different, and each forms a reflection of the tastes, styles and materials of the period. Some stand the test of time whilst others sink into obscurity. At the heart of any of these stylistic expressions still lies the craftsmen, designers and patrons – and more importantly, the money to fund such projects. As the taste for low relief and linear neo-classical ornament developed, so it exploited the unique characteristics of plaster of Paris, whose rapid and solid set was better suited for the infinite replication of repetitive low relief ornament such as bands of guilloche and yards

upon yards of egg and dart. This enrichment could be produced off site and brought in for application and fixing at a convenient time rather than being tied to working on site and in situ. Rapid developments occurred in the patenting of various cements from the late eighteenth century that likewise heralded the acceleration of productivity. Soon lime plaster modelling was too expensive a means of enrichment and so that particular means of decoration fell out of practice. Decorative Plasterwork in Great Britain (1975) remains one of the most important works on plastering published in the last two hundred years. It has been inspirational to a generation of craftsmen and scholars working in the decade since its publication, and one hopes its reprinting here by Donhead will reintroduce this wonderful book to a whole new generation, and continue to provide information and enjoyment for all those interested in our built heritage. Richard Ireland November 2010

Richard Ireland BA(Hons) FRSA Richard Ireland is a conservation consultant and practitioner for the repair, conservation and restoration of decorative plaster, architectural paintwork, wall and ceiling paintings. Clients include: English Heritage, The National Trust, Historic Royal Palaces Agency, Office of Public Works in Ireland, ecclesiastical and private clients. He is the recipient of the City and Guilds première Silver Medal for Advanced Decorating and also lectures widely on the subject.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am indebted to Dr Claire Gapper for her assistance in reading and commenting on drafts of the Introduction. I am particularly grateful for her generosity in sharing her deep knowledge on early plasterwork and their sources together with helpful suggestions of material. My gratitude is also due to Dr James Campbell for his guidance and comments. My greatest debt is to Dr Geoffrey Beard whose generosity, encouragement and support enabled the pursuit of a career and interest in all aspects of the understanding and conservation of decorative plaster.

Page Intentionally Left Blank

@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

'Decorative GJ>lasterwork in Great Britain

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Geoffrey Beard

'Phaidon

CONTENTS

I

Preface

XXlX

Acknowledgments

XXXl

I

MAGNIFICENT BUILDING

The Urge to Build, 2 Income and Costs, 3 Sources of Income, 5

II

9

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Raw Materials and Equipment: Plaster, 9; Hair, 10; Sand, u; Laths, 12; Stucco, 12; Armatures, 13; Tools, 13; Moulds, 16 Methods of Work, 17 Guilds, Apprentices and Craftsmen, 20

III

WROUGHT WITH PLASTER,

IV

THE BESTE MASTERS,

I 500- I 600

I 660- I 702

23 33

The Office of Works: The Principal Officers, 34; The Master Plasterer, 36 Official Projects: Whitehall to 1685, 36; Newmarket, 37; Windsor Castle, 37; The City Churches, 38; St Paul's Cathedral, 39; Winchester, 40; Whitehall: the Chapel, 41; Hampton Court, 42; Kensington Palace, 43; Greenwich Palace, 43 Private Patronage, 45

V

VI

VII

ADORNED WITH STUCCO, CLASSICAL COMPOSITION,

I702-I760 I 760- I 8 30

53 70

PLASTERWORK IN SCOTLAND

80

Notes

93

PLATES

IOI

SELECT LIST OF PLASTERERS

I99

Bibliography

253

Index of Places

254

Index of Persons

259

Frontispiece. 1\J.ereworth Castle, Kent: The Entrance Vestibule leading to circular·Hall under the dome. Stuccoist: Giovanni Bagutti, c. 17231 working for the architect Colin Campbell

Preface

I

T should not be claimed for plasterwork that it is as important a decorative medium as painting. Few publishers are prepared therefore, in present-day concerns with international editions, to issue a book dealing with plasterwork in Great Britain. It is to the credit of the Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art that I have been allowed adequate space and enough illustrations to survey the present state of knowledge and to publish a detailed list of plasterers and their work. What, however, we have not been able to do is to allocate the vast number of photographs to the subject which Laurence Turner used in his Country Life book on plasterwork in 1927. There has been no conscious effort on my part to outdo or replace Turner's book, for the aim of anyone undertaking architectural research in the I97DS needs to be substantially different in emphasis from what was needed forty years ago. There is a concern now for names and details of work with the supporting references. We have tried within the economic framework for this book to give as much of this sort of evidence as possible. It must be ov;rned, howeve.r, that it has not been possible to publish every name in my files. Thousands of names from the records of the Worshipful Company of Plaistcrcrs of London alone would have to be added. The list which does appear includes most of the plasterers who are likely to have worked in the great country houses. My ovm personal view, in any case, is that (one or two notable exceptions apart) it is difficult for one person to issue a complete dictionary. A dictionary of craftsmen 'is needed, and all of us would be royally served if only three or four of us would compile it. Plasterwork is anonymous stuff, rarely signed, and few plasterers' names appear in the conventional, or unconventional, literature of art history about it. Thus the attribution of plastcrwork to particular dates and craftsmen is a more than usually hazardous task. It has to be made against too sketchy a framework with appalling gaps in its structure, against the use of the same moulds and sources by many hands, and against the scant dependence of the plasterers on the usual pattern-books for their motifs. Patient research seems to add little to the existing books on the subject, except that, at the time when they were written, forty and seventy years ago, their authors were more concerned with the appearance of plasterwork rather than the why and wherefore of it all. I began this study because the late Margaret Jourdain, who had written a book on plasterwork in 1926, urged me in 1953 to give some substance to her earlier words 'the names of a few plasterers are recorded ... ' We know now that there were perhaps too many who were mediocreJ and few who were talented. In contriving and maintaining enchanted palaces 'of solidityj conveniency and ornament', as Sir Balthazar Gerbier has it, many noble patrons over the last 400 years have frequently met problems in balancing income and expenditure and almost beggared themselves. Plasterwork does not take kindly to having an inadequate roof over its head and is liable to crumble into subjection almost without a struggle or adequate warning. In all its complex parts, therefore, the one problem is created by the other, and the economic history of the country house, although imperfect1y studied, is of vital concern. As in the study of decorative painting, attention must be devoted to the small groups of foreigners-the stuccatori in this case-who left their homes, whether in Switzerland or in Denmark, early in the eighteenth century to come and work in England. There are slight clues, followed up in later pages, to suggest that one or two of them (Charles Stanley and Francesco Vassalli, for example) may have worked as masters or partners of English plasterers. Whilst my own researches, and those of others, have clarified the

role of architect and craftsmen, these aspects of collaboration, as well as the domination of the scene in tht: seventeenth century by the Office of \X-'orks:~ have still to be fully resolved. Plasterers were concerned more with doing than recording, although the appearance of one letter from a S\viss stuccoist, Francesco Vassalli, leads one to hope that more documentation of this kind will come to light. Such prolonged studies as those being made by Dr A. A. Tait in Scotland, by Dr Andar Gomme on Midland houses md Dr Ivan Hall an those in east Yorkshire, may finally unearth the evidence which is always needed to give a finn basis for further attribution-the chance mention in a leLLer and the recornrnendation of good craftsmen to a relative or friend. \Vhilst it has been my good fortune to unravel a few problems in this book:~ I am only too aware that in trying to follow the advice of Edward Stillingfieet not to neglect 'those who have written before me' but to deliver when possible my own judgments, I may have made errors. I shall be grateful to those who point them out. G.B.

Acknowledgments

I

might have been easier for me, and more informative to the reader, if this book had been prepared for publication in 1977, fifty years after Laurence Turner had issued his Decorative Plasterwork in Great Britain. By then2 however, I should have been an tunconscionable time' in writing it. I was also inveigled into delightful conversations with friends-sirens to the unwary-in which unique knowledge was imparted~ but at which everyone agreed that I should write it all down and give, if possible, the footnotes to the conjecture. 1\:ly principal debt of gratitude is to Professor Giuseppe Martinola of Lugano who guided me through the churches and parish registers of the Tidno, the home of the stuccatori who came to England in the eighteenth century. J.lrofessor l:>eter lviurray led me to consider the possibilities of research there, and Mr F. S. Stych helped with the many conversations \vith parish priests and stucco-workers and restorers, which took place in an Italian too fluent for me to do more than flounder behind. Professor E. K. Waterhouse and Mr Anthony M. Clark gave me the benefit of their extensive knowledge of the decoration and contents of churches and houses in Rome. The writings of Professor Henry-Russell Hitchcock and Mr Nicolas Powell helped me to examine fOr myself the activities of stuccoists in the German baroque and rococo churches. Nearer home, in Scotland, I should not have found much without the invaluable help of Mr David Walker, lv1r John Dunbar, Mr Andrew Broom, Miss Catherine Cruft and Miss Mary Cosh. By suggesting houses I should visit, ceilings and documents at which I should peer, and photographs it was necessary to know of~ they have given some balance to a study which purports to be about plasterwork in Great Britain. Boundaries on research are not easy to erect. Dr Bernard Watney pointed out to me that certain Irish stucco-work by Bartholomew Cramillion was similar to figures in the 'girl in a swing' ceramic groups made probably at the Chelsea factory. Despite much assistance from Dr C. P. Curran, Dr Maurice Craig, the Hon Desmond Guinness and the Knight of Glin I have not, however, felt myself qualified to write of plasterwork in Ireland other than to discuss work by the Franchini brothers. They left England in the 1730s and stayed away for many years enjoying the enchantments of that hospitable land across the water \Vhich were similarly extended to me. My former colleagues at the Manchester College of Art and Design did much over many years to provide help and information when I flagged and to temper my enthusiasm when it was misguided. By undertaking some of my duties they allowed me to accept a Harvard research fellowship in 1969. Although awarded for work on another subject, this took me to many museums and libraries in America, \Vhose resources added snippets of information to this study. Similar help was generously extended by John Harris and Mrs Margaret Richardson at the Royal Institute of British Architects Library, by .i\tlorrison Heckscher at the 1\ietropolitan Museum, New York, and by M.iss Jean Preston and Miss Haydee Noya at the Henry Huntington Library in California. lviy further obligation divides neatly into two groups-to those owners who kindly allowed me to see their houses and examine documents in their possession, and to everyone who provided references and services of many kinds. In the first category I am indebted to the Duke of Devonshire, the late Duke of Norfolk, the Duke of Northumberland, the Marquess of Exeter, the Marquess of Lansdowne, the late Earl of Bradford, the Earl of Coventry, the Earl of Egremont, the Earl of Scarbrough, Viscount Scarsdale, Sir Ralph Anstruther, Bt, Sir Gyles Isham, Bt, Sir Richard Sykes, Bt, the late Sir William T

Worsley, Bt, Lord BroV 1957-8, pp. 193-6. 2 5. T. S. Ashton, Economic Fluctuations in England, noo-r8oo, Ch. II, 'Building', 1959; Habbakuk, 'Daniel Finch .. .' op. cit.; J. H. Habbakuk, 'Economic Functions of English Landowners in the 17th and r8th Centuries', Explorations in Entrepreneurial History, VI, pp. 92ror. 26. Godfrey Davis, 'The Seamy Side of Marlborough's War', Huntington Library Quarterly, xv, No. 1, November 1951, pp. 2I-44. 27. J.H.Habbakuk, 'Daniel Finch .. .' op. cit., p. 145· 28. Kenneth Darwin, 'John Aislabie, r6701742', Transactions, Yorkshire Archaeological Society, XXXVII, Pt. 147, 1950, pp. 318-19. 29. London County Council, Survey of London, XXXII, 1964. The author has also examined the private account-book and financial books of L ord Burlington in the Chatsworth archives. 30. Hoare's Bank, A Record, 1955, p. 26; A. W. B. Simpson discusses the complications of mortgages in An Introduction to the Hisrory of the Land Law, 1961, pp. 226-9. 31. C. L. Ewen, Lotteries and Sweepstakes in the British Isles, 1932. 32. P.M. G.Dickson, The Financial Revolution in England, 1688-1756, 1967, pp. 79-80.

94

Notes

33. D.M.Joslin, 'London Private Bankers, 1720-85', Economic History Review, vu, No. 2, 1955, pp. 167-86. 34· Bank of England, Ledger 45 (r718-2o), 21 May 1720. 35· David Green, Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough, 1967, pp. 263-4. 36. Geoffrey Beard, C. Lzfe, 10 August rg6r, based on Studley Royal MSS., Leeds Reference Library; Dickson, op. cit., p. 173· 37· Martin's Bank, London, Letter Book (1714-21), 30 June 1720. 38. Inventories and Particulars of the Late Directors of the South Sea Company, 2 vols., 1721, gives bills from craftsmen which were at that date unpaid. 39. Horace Walpole, Letters (Toynbee edition) XIII, p. 77· 40. Rae Blanchard, 'Richard Steele and the Status of Women', Studies in Philology, XXVI (1929), p. 343; J.H.Habbakuk, 'Marriage Settlements in the Eighteenth Century', Transaaions, Royal Historical Society, XXXII, 1950; R.Halsband Life of Lady Mary Montagu, rg6o. 41. J.Hurstfield, The Queen's Wards: Wardship and Marriage under Elizabeth I, 1958; H. E. Bell, An Introduction to the History and Records of the Court of Wards and Liveries, 1953. 42. Eric Mercer, English Art, 1553-1625, 1962, pp. 12-16; Lawrence Stone, The Crisis of the Aristocracy, 1558-1641, 1965. 43· A. F. Upton, Sir Arthur Ingram, rg6r. 44. D. C. Coleman, Sir John Banks, Baronet and Businessman, 1963. 45· G.E.Mingay, English Landed Society in the Eighteenth Century, 1963, p. 26. 46. F. Thompson, History of Chatsworth, 1949, Ch. rx; David Spring, The English Landed Estate in the Nineteenth Century: Its Administration, I 963; E. M. L. Thompson, English Landed Society in the Nineteenth Century, 1963. 47· The author is indebted to Mr W. Salter of Leeds, a practising plasterer with great experience of period work, for details of this analysis and for much advice on methods and materials. 48. Restored by G.Jackson & Sons Ltd. in 1960. Information kindly communicated by Mr C. W. Symonds. 49· We have no contemporary evidence, only the estimate made in 1897 by William Millar in Plastering, Plain & Decorative, 1897, p. 297. 50. Blair Atholl MSS., 40 II D(4) 32. 51. Millar, op. cit., p. 106.

52. Melbourne MSS., Thomas Coke's Garden Notebook, 1706, 'Prices of building a tt wrest in Bedfordshire, Duke of Kent'. 53· M. R. Apted, Painted Ceilings of Scotland, 1550-1650, rg66, Plates 93, 94· 54· Duchy of Cornwall Office, Vouchers, IV, 1733-4, p. 229. 55· Blair Athol! MSS., 40 II D(4) 37· 56. Information kindly communicated by Mr W. Salter of Leeds, who restored the ceiling, c. 1950. 57· R. T. Gunther, The Architecture of Sir Roger Pratt, 1928, pp. 80-r. 58. See note 62 below. 59· Millar, op. cit., pp. 87-9, Plates en, em. Millar's basic tool-kit in 1893 consisted of 58 items. 6o. Holyroodhouse, 4 September 1674, 'To Andrew Paterson, wright, for several plaister molds, £ror', R. S. Mylne, The Master Masons to the Crown of Scotland and their Works, Edinburgh, 1893, p. 195· 6r. About eighty of these moulds, including the signed one, were sold by B. T. Batsford Ltd., in 1960. There is a small collection of moulds at the Geffrye Museum, London. 62. Christie's catalogue of the Joseph Rose sale, ro, 12 April 1799· 63. Damie Stillman, The Decorative Work of Robert Adam, 1966, pp. 34-6; C. Life, 22 September 1966, p. 703. 64. Millar, op. cit., p. 217. 65. R. T. Gunther, The Architecture of Sir Roger Pratt, 1928, pp. 58, 67. 66. The ribs of the ceilings of the Banqueting House, Whitehall, the Queen's House, Greenwich, and the Queen's Chapel, St James's, were entirely made of carved wood. The author is indebted to Dr Maurice Craig for this information. 67. Illustrated in J. R. Martin, The F arnese Gallery, 1965, Plate 45· The Clandon ceiling is illustrated in the present author's Georgian Craftsmen and their Work, I 966, Plate 5 I. 68. Damie Stillman, The Decorative Work of Robert Adam, 1966, Plates n8, IIg. 69. Stillman, op. cit., Plates 46, 47· 70. Gervase Jackson-Stops, 'French Ideas for English Houses, The Influence of Pattern Books 1660-1700', C. Lzje, 29 January 1970, pp. 261-6. 71. Lancashire County Record Office, Towneley MSS., (DDTO/Qro). 72. Edoardo Arslan (ed.), Arte e Artisti dei Laghi Lombardi, II, 1964; Henry-Russell Hitchcock, Rococo Architecture in Southern Germany, 1968.

Notes 73· 74· 75· 76.

77· 78. 79· 8o. 81. 82.

83. 84. 85. 86.

87. 88.

89. 90.

151 Received £15840 12s 8d. Lit: Blair Castle Archives, 40 11 D(4) 31-39, 40 in , 39-40 (letters). 1753-4 ST ANDREW’ S CHURCH, GLASGOW T o be finished by January 1754. Clayton to ‘find stucco, lime, sand, hair, carriages and all other materialls necessary’ for £487. Lit: Glasgow, City Minute Book, 9 March 1753; James Thomson, History of St Andrew’s Parish Church, Glasgow, 1905. Attributed works: C. 1750 GLENDOICK, PERTHSHIRE Plate 148 Drawing Room ceiling; staircase. Lit: David Walker ‘Glendoick’, C. Life, 30 March 1967, pp. 706-12.

1793)

C. 1 7 5 2 I 3 0 CLYDE STREET, GLASGOW

I f Thomas Varsallis Clayton is the same person as the ‘Thomas Clayton, plasterer, Edinburgh’, father of Isabella Clayton, then account needs to be taken of Thomas’s brother, Francis, a merchant in North and South Carolina. Research may eventually prove that, as with the Rose family, there were several relatives, all plasterers, and all bearing the same Christian name.

(Information from M r David Walker.) 1754 HOPETOUN HOUSE, WEST LOTHIAN Plate JJO Architect: William Adam and his sons. Yellow and Red Drawing Rooms. Lit: John Fleming, Robert Adam and his Circle . . ., i960, p. 332; C. Life, 12 January 1956. Note should also be taken of the stuccoist John Dawson (q.v.) who was working at Hopetoun House in 1757. Lit: Hopetoun House, Building accounts, 1757. (The author is indebted to M r John Dunbar for this information.) C. 1756 DUMFRIES HOUSE, AYRSHIRE Architects: John and Robert Adam. Lit: Sir John Stirling Maxwell, Shrines and Homes of Scotland, 1938, pp. 193-4. C. 1760 YESTER HOUSE, EAST LOTH IAN , Plate 141 Architect: Robert Adam. Saloon. Noted by D r Richard Pococke in 1760 as C.

Isabella = (married 3 September 1788)

Reverend John Reston (ordained 1783; sometime minister at Alnwick, Biggar, Kilsyth and Bridgeton, Glasgow. See William Hunter, Biggar and the House of Fleming, 1867)

Select List o f Plasterers

| 211

having unfinished ornamentation. The painted panels by William Delacour are dated 1761. Lit: Pococke, cited by John Swarbrick, Robert Adam and his Brothers, 1915* p. 220. 1771-2 36 ST ANDREW SQUARE, EDINBURGH Architect: Sir William Chambers. House for Sir Lawrence Dundas. Worked with Coney (q.v.). Lit: B.M. Add. M S., 41133, f. 53; George Richard­ son, Book of Ceilings . . ., 1776, p. 4. Clayton or his descendants probably also worked at Pollok House, Glasgow; Touch, Stirlingshire; and Oxenfoord (Fleming op. cit., p. 333). In 1745-6 he submitted an estimate for work at Minto House (National Library of Scotland, Minto Papers, Box 2). This gives the prices charged for various kinds of work.

1773 MELBOURNE HOUSE, PICCADILLY, LONDON Architect: Sir William Chambers. Lit: B.M. Add. M S., 41133, 14 August 1773. 1773 STRATTON STREET, LONDON Received £764 is 2fd for work at Lord Fitzwilliam’s house. Lit: Northants County Record Office, Milton Archives, Vouchers, 114, and letter from Collins. 1774 DRAPERS’ COMPANY HALL, LONDON Worked with Joseph Rose. Cost of work £1,384 6s 7d. Lit: Bill preserved at the Worshipful Company of Drapers. 1777 PEPER HAROW, SURREY Architect: Sir William Chambers. Lit: Bill of June, 1777; C. Life, 26 December 1925.

C obbe, John (.fl. 1601) 1601 s t Jo h n ’ s c o l l e g e , C a m b r i d g e Cobbe was responsible for the Trettishing of the ceiling of the great chamber and long gallery’. Lit: Jourdain, 1926, pp. 22-3.

Architect: Sir William Chambers. Work divided between Collins and Thomas Clark (q.v.) with Collins doing the modelling ‘under the pretence of his being more used to Sir William’s manner’ . Collins was paid £1,990 2s od and, from 1784, in company with John Papworth (q.v.), £7,915 2s 8d. Lit: Accounts, RIBA, Library; P.R.O. A.O.3/1244. Other work: Collins was also listed in the Somerset House accounts for ceilings at the Royal Academy (1780), the Royal Society Meeting Rooms (1783) and for other work jointly with Papworth.

I7 8 O SOMERSET HOUSE, LONDON

C ole, J. (fl. 1708-10) I 7 0 8 - I O ST PAUL’ S CATHEDRAL, LONDON

Worked under Chrysostom Wilkins. Lit: Wren Soc., xv, pp. 169, 196. C ollins, Thomas (1735-1830) Apprenticed in 1750 to William Wilton (q.v.). Married 17 November 1761, Henrietta Patterson at St Mary le Bone, Middlesex. Had a bank account (Drummonds) with Sir William Chambers, and also developed various properties while his partner. In 1796 he was appointed an executor and trustee at the death of Sir William Chambers. Portraits of Collins by von Breda, the Swedish artist, and Beechey exist in the D r J. Gurney Salter Collection and at Marylebone Town Hall. He died on 3 M ay 1830. Lit: A detailed account of Collins’s long career was prepared, 1965-6, by Colonel J.H. Busby (copy RIBA, Library). 1 7 6 5 WALCOT, SHROPSHIRE

Worked with William Wilton. Lit: Bills at house. I765-6 45 BERKELEY SQUARE, LONDON Lit: India Office Library, Clive Papers. 1 7 7 1 M ILTON HOUSE, NORTHAMPTONSHIRE

Work under Sir William Chambers for Lord Fitzwilliam. Received £301 18s 6d. Lit: B.M. Add. M S., 41133, 9 November 1771.

C ollin s, William (1721-93) For details of Collins’s career as a sculptor see Gunnis, p. 111. A pupil of Sir Henry Cheere, he was much employed in providing Classical statues and bas-reliefs. There is little doubt that many of the features in houses designed by Robert Adam were from his hand, and are documented as such at Kedleston. Collins, who died on 24 M ay 1793, is buried in the old cemetery at King’s Road, Chelsea. Subscriber to James Paine’s Plans . . . of Noblemen and Gentlemen's Houses, 1767, Vol. 1. 1756

MAGDALENE COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE

Chapel: Altarpiece in plaster of Paris, now in the College Library. Subject: The Three Marys by the Holy Sepulchre. Lit: Cambridge Depict a, 1764, p. 77; Gunnis, p. 111; N .B . Pevsner, Cambridgeshire, 1954, p. 96, repr. PI. 40. 1760 HAREWOOD HOUSE, YORKSHIRE Architect: Robert Adam. Various medallions including figures of Mars and Neptune for the Great Hall.

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| Select List o f Plasterers

Lit: Hargrave, History of Knaresborough, p. 157; Richard Buckle, Guidebook to Harewood House, 1959; Mary Mauchline, Harewood House, 1974. 1763 KEDLESTON, DERBYSHIRE Architect: Robert Adam. Statues in the Great Hall and medallions. Lit: Curzon Archives, Kedleston; James LeesMilne, The Age of Adam, 1947, p. 122; Geoffrey Beard, Connoisseur Yearbook, 1958, p. 26. 1 7 6 9 BURTON CONSTABLE, YORKSHIRE

Medallions in the Dining Room, one depicting Pan and the Graces. The stucco frame is the work of Giuseppe Cortese (q.v.). Lit: Georgian Soc., East Yorkshire, iv, Pt. 1 (19531955), P- 45; C. Life, 3 September 1932; 10 Sep­ tember 1959, repr. p. 256; Collins’s bill of 10 Sep­ tember 1769 (£21 plus half the cost of travelling from London: £3 3s od) is cited by D r Ivan Hall in William Constable as Patron, Hull Art Gallery Exhibition Catalogue, 1970, No. 46. See also T .F . Friedman, Sculpture by John Cheere Temple Newsam House, Leeds, Exhibition Catalogue, Summer

Coombs, — (f l. early eighteenth century) Paid £13 by James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos for unspecified work, presumably at Cannons. Possibly ‘Coombs’ was John or Thomas Combes (q.v.). Lit: Baker, Brydges, p. 199. Coney, — (fl. 1771-83) A Stephen Coney worked at Powderham, Devon, c. 1765 (Plate 94). Lit: C. Life, 11 July 1963, p. 83. 1771-2 36 ST ANDREW SQUARE, EDINBURGH Architect: Sir William Chambers. House for Sir Lawrence Dundas. Worked with Thomas Varsallis Clayton (q.v.). Lit: B.M. Add. M S., 41133, f. 53; George Richard­ son, Book of Ceilings, 1776, p. 4. 1783 SOMERSET HOUSE, LONDON Architect: Sir William Chambers. Worked under Charles Clarke (q.v.). Lit: Charles Clarke, The Plaisterers’ Bill for Works done a t . . . Somerset House . . ., 1783.

1974.

Colombani, Placido (f l. 1744-80) 1775

DOWNHILL, CO. ANTRIM, N . IRELAND

Lit: C. Life, 6 January 1950 C. 1780 MOUNT CLARE, SURREY. Lit: Hussey, E.C.H.: Mid-Georgian, p. 240. C. 1797 ICKWORTH, SUFFOLK Lit: C. Life, 7 November 1925; Hussey, op. cit., p. 240. Combes, John (fl. 1681-1709) Official of the Worshipful Company of Plaisterers. 1701 Master (succeeded Henry Doogood). 1709 One of the Company Auditors. Lit: London, Guildhall, Library, M S., 6122/3 (29 September). 1681-7 ST AUGUSTINE, W ATLING STREET, LONDON Worked with Henry Doogood (q.v.) He received £98. Lit: Wren Soc., xn, p. 44. Combes, Thomas (jfl. 1695-1719) Apprentice of John Combes (q.v.). Free of the Worshipful Company of Plaisterers by 25 July 1702. In 1718 he was Upper Warden and in 1719 Master of the Company. In 1709 some £50 was still owed to him for unspecified work for the Duke of Montagu. Lit: London, Guildhall Library, M S., 6122/3; Boughton House (Northants), Executors’ Accounts, of the estate of Ralph, Duke of Montagu.

Consiglio, Francesco (fl. 1734-9) 1734 LYME PARK, CHESHIRE Architect: Giacomo Leoni. Staircase Hall. Lit: C. Life, 26 December 1974. 1739 EUXTON HALL, LANCASHIRE Lit: C. Life, 6 February 1975. Cook, John (fl. 1748-63) In 1763 Cook was apprenticed, presumably at the age of fourteen, to George Fewkes (q.v.). Lit: London, Guildhall Library, M S., 6122/4. Cooper, Charles (fl. 1683) In 1683 Cooper signed a receipt on behalf of John Grove (q.v.). Lit: Wren Soc., xiii, p. 176. Cordey, John (fl. 1710 -n ) Official of the Worshipful Company of Plaisterers. 1710 Upper Warden. 1711 Master. Lit: London, Guildhall Library, M S., 6122/3. Corlett, Richard (fl. 1804-13) Worked on two recorded occasions for Lord Grosvenor: 1804-12 EATON HALL, CHESHIRE Architect: William Porden. 1809-13 ECCLESTON CHURCH, CHESHIRE Lit: Grosvenor Archives, Eaton Hall, Cheshire.

Select List o f Plasterers (The author is indebted to M r Howard Colvin for this information.) C ortese, Giuseppe (fl. c. 1725-78) Presumably of the family of stuccoists long-settled at Mendrisio, near Lugano. The first mention of his name seems to be ‘For M r Cortesy’ on a plan in the Colin Campbell collection, RIBA, Library, perhaps by William Wakefield and intended for Gilling Castle, Yorkshire, c. 1725. Cortese lived for a time at Whitby, had an assistant named Taddei (possibly the Michel Angelo or Francesco Taddei who worked later at Augustenborg in Denmark), and had an extensive practice in the north working mainly for the architect John Carr. He died at York in 1778, his executors being the Wakefield cabinet-maker Edward Elwick and the York plasterer James Henderson (q.v.). Lit: York Courant, cited in ‘York Georgian Society Report’, 1955-6, p. 58. 1739 NEWBURGH PRIORY, YORKSHIRE Cortese’s name first appears in the accounts in July 1739. He did other work in 1743, 1744, 1745, and later in 1764-67. Lit: Archives at house; Geoffrey Beard, Georgian Craftsmen and their work, 1966, PI. 109; C. Life, 7 March 1974, p. 484. 1745-52

STUDLEY ROYAL, RIPON, YORKSHIRE

Destroyed by fire in 1945. Main rooms of the house for William Aislabie. Received, in all, £409. His measurement of 28 December 1751, and several bills survive. His work in the Temple also survives. Lit: Studley Royal Archives, Parcel 286; C. Life, 25 July, 1 and 8 August 1931; 10 September 1959. 1747-9 BRANDSBY HALL, YORKSHIRE Worked for Francis Cholmely. House attributed to John Carr. Received £328. Lit: Archives at house, cited by John Cornforth in C. Life, 2-9 January 1969. C. 1750 GILLING CASTLE, YORKSHIRE Plasterwork of the Great Hall, etc. Cortese also worked for the Fairfax family at Newburgh Priory, Coxwold (below) as early as December 1744, when he was paid for drawing-paper, and in 1765. Lit: Leeds, Yorkshire Archaeological Society, Library, Newburgh Archives; Thorold Rogers, History of Agricultural Prices, v i i , p. 452— ‘Dec. 1744, Coxwold. 2 sheets of drawing paper for Mr. Cortese, is.’ 1752 and 1757 ELEMORE HALL, DURHAM Plate $0 Various ceilings; one uses the same Neptune motif as the ceiling at Lytham Hall, Lancs. (Plates 88, 89)

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Lit: Durham C .R .O . Baker-Baker papers. (The author is indebted to M r Neville Whittaker for this information.) 1757 HARDWICK PARK, DURHAM Architect: James Paine, Garden Temple Lit: As for Elemore Hall, above. Cortese’s 1757 letters to George Baker of Elemore were written while working at Hardwick. This work under Paine’s supervision may imply that Cortese also worked at St Helen’s Hall, St Helen Auckland, Durham, although Thomas Perritt (q.v.) and Joseph Rose senior are other possible contenders. The work is however not close to the style of either and it is necessary to remember work by the Franchini family of stuccatori for the architect Daniel Garrett (cf. C. Life, 12 March 1970; 19 September 1974). 1762 GUILDHALL, BEVERLEY Cortese’s work in the Court Room is recorded: 15 November 1762: ‘Ordered that the sum of Forty Guineas be laid out in Ornamenting the Town’s Hall, lately Rebuilt, by Erecting on The Inside thereof the King’s Arms in Plaister or Stukoe for which the Corporation have this day agreed with M r Courtezie to be by him finished for the above sum’. 24 October 1763: ‘Ordered that M r Cortese’s bill of twenty-five pounds and five shillings as a present be paid by the Town’s Receiver’. Lit: Beverley Corporation Minute Books (Yorks. Arch. Soc. Record Series, cxxn, ed. K .A .M acmahon, 1958, pp. 42-3 (extracts quoted above); R.H.W hiteing, Trans., East Yorks., Georgian Soc., ii (Pt. 4), 1950, P- 62; C. Life, 19 April 1956, p. 808. 1 7 6 9 BURTON CONSTABLE, YORKSHIRE

The stucco frame to the panel of the Three Graces by William Collins (q.v.) in the Dining Room. Lit: William Constable as Patron, Hull Art Gallery Exhibition Catalogue, 1970, No. 46. 1772 KILNW ICK HALL, YORKSHIRE Architect: John Carr. Worked with Addinal, and for Colonel Condon. Lit: Edward Ingram, Leavesfrom a Family Tree, 1952. Attributed work: Arncliffe Hall, Yorkshire, c. 1753-4; Escrick, York­ shire; Bedale Hall, Yorkshire; Rievaulx Temple, Duncombe Park, Yorkshire; Somerset House, George Street, Halifax (Plate 100); Lytham Hall, Lancashire, same motif as Elemore. C ra b tree, Ely (,fl. 1760-1803) O f York, where he lived for a time in Lendal. Worked in liaison with John Carr for many years. In 1803 he did the apsidal staircase at Wentworth Woodhouse to Carr’s design. He had already worked

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| Select List o f Plasterers

there in 1783 with Thomas Henderson (q.v.) at the Mausoleum. Lit: R.B.Wragg* York Georgian Society* Report* 1955-6* p. 60; C. Life* 19 October 1957* p. 719* The York firm of Crabtree worked at Everingham Roman Catholic Church* Yorkshire. Lit: Arch. Rev., September 1957* pp. 198-200. Crisp, William (f l. 1719-20) 1719-20 PURLEY HALL* BERKSHIRE Received £4 9s od from Francis Hawes for work at this house. Lit: Particulars and Inventories of the Late Directors of the South Sea Company* 1721* Vol. 2. Cromwell, Henry (fl. 1698) Official of the Worshipful Company of Plaisterers. 1698 Master. Lit: London Guildhall Library* MS.* 6122/3. Crouch, John {fl. late seventeenth century-1715) Official of the Worshipful Company of Plaisterers. 1714 Upper Warden. 1715 Master. Lit: London Guildhall Library* MS.* 6122/3. 1714 ST STEPHEN, WALBROOK* LONDON Unspecified work. Lit: Wren Soc.* x* pp. 115 and 124. Cryer, Clement (fl. c. 1769-1800) The Christie’s sale catalogue of Joseph Rose junior’s effects* 1st day* 10 April 1799* states: ‘Clement Cryer* Plasterer Humbly solicits the Favours of the Employers of M r Joseph Rose of Queen Anne Street E a st. . . as he has permission of the Executor to make this Application and flatters himself that a servitude of near thirty years as Apprentice and Assistant* under the inspection of his late Ingenious Master . . . He has engaged part of the premises in which the trade was carried on. Orders for present to 18 Edward St* Queen Anne Street East.’ He presumably worked on most Rose junior’s commissions and is specifically mentioned at Packington Hall* Warwickshire* 1785-6. Lit: C. Life* 16 July 1970* p. 229. Curryer, Thomas (fl. 1730-2) 1730-2 ST BARTHOLOMEW’ S HOSPITAL* Lit: Hospital Archives* Ha 19/5/2-3.

Dawson, John {fl. 1750-65) Apprenticed in 1738 to Charles Stanley (q.v.) but most of the recorded mentions of him depict him as a wood-carver. However when John Adam was preparing designs at Yester House* East Lothian in 1751 he told Lord Tweeddale that he was proposing to employ as stuccoist ‘the person who did the two glass frames for my Lady Marchioness* who works also in stucco. He is a Scotch lad, but served his time in London.’ He has been identified fairly positively as the ‘M r Dawson’ who was employed as a carver by the Adam brothers at Lord Tweeddale’s Edinburgh home in the early 1750s. He also worked at Inveraray Castle* Argyll, and in 1757 at Hopetoun House. A ‘John Dawson* plasterer’ was also married in Edinburgh in 1773. Lit: Information from M r John Dunbar; Geoffrey Beard* Georgian Craftsmen and their work* 1966* р. 175; Mary Cosh* Inveraray* 1973; John Dunbar* ‘The Building of Yester House’ Transactions* East Lothian Antiquarian Society* Xlii* 1972* p. 41 fn. 72. Dawson, Robert {fl. 1742-51) 1742-51 17 ARLINGTON STREET* LONDON Architect: William Kent. Received £779 13s 4\d for work at the house of the Rt Hon Henry Pelham. Also worked on the ‘New Building next the Park att M r Pelham’s House in Arlington Street’* received £253 16s 7d. Lit: London* RIBA* Library, MSS.* 728.3(42.13)A. It was presumably Robert Dawson who was fore­ man to Isaac Mansfield (q.v.). He was described as such and made ‘Master Plaisterer to his Majesty’s Palaces in the room of his said deceas’d Master’. Lit: London Daily Post and General Advertiser* Monday* 21 January 1739-40* No. 1635. 1743 44 BERKELEY SQUARE* LONDON Architect: William Kent. Lit: Sir John Soane’s Museum* accounts; Margaret Jourdain* The work of William Kent* 1948* p. 55. Denis, Thomas {fl. late eighteenth century) Son of John Denis of Bristol* tiler. с. 1780 Made apprentice to Thomas Stocking* senior (q.v.). Lit: Bristol City Archives, Apprentices’ Book* 17771786* p. 369.

LONDON

Daves, Charles {fl. 1655) Official of the Worshipful Company of Plaisterers. 1653 Master. Lit: London Guildhall Library* MS.* 6122/2.

Dens ton (Dens tone), family of {fl. eighteenth century) Joseph Denston* a plasterer of Derby was buried at All Saints Church there is 1728. His son Abraham was a plasterer and his grandson* also named Abraham* worked extensively at Kedleston for

Select List o f Plasterers Robert Adam. This Abraham had a son, James, and at least two brothers, Thomas, a plasterer like him­ self, and James, a masonry contractor who sometimes styled himself architect. Thomas tendered for the plasterwork at Yoxall Lodge, Derbyshire, but little else. Abraham died at his home in St M ary’s Gate, Derby on 24 March 1779. He was buried on 27 March in All Saints Churchyard. W. Millar, Plastering Plain and Decorative, 1897, p. 20, states that Denston ‘a Derbyshire plasterer’ assisted Artari and Bagutti. This must have been in 1725-6 on The Senate House, Cambridge; architect: James Gibbs. 1759-64 KEDLESTON, DERBYSHIRE Plain plastering, the main decorative work being by Joseph Rose (q.v.). Received £412 5s 9jd. Lit: Kedleston, Curzon Archives, Book 3R, pp. 6063; Bills, 1759. 1773-4 THE ASSEMBLY ROOMS, DERBY (demolished) Lit: Kedleston archives, letters from James Adam to Lord Scarsdale; photographs, Derby Borough Library; will of Abraham Denstone, 1779 (filed at Lichfield). The author is indebted to M r Edward Saunders for information about the Denston family. D ew , John (f l. 1664-80) 1664 SHELDONIAN THEATRE, OXFORD Lit: V.C.H.: Oxfordshire, in, p. 51. 1680

OLD ASHMOLEAN MUSEUM, OXFORD

Lit: Ibid.3 p. 48. D ew ick, Petty (f l. 1697) 1697 SIR JOHN MOORE’S SCHOOL,

APPLEBY, LEICESTER­

SHIRE

Architects: Sir Christopher Wren; Sir William Wilson. Received £23 15s 6d. Lit: Wren Soc., xi, p. 100. D ibb in s, Edward {fl. 1775) Listed in Sketchley’s 1775 Bristol Directory as living at 14 Tower Street, Bristol. Dodgson, John (fl. 1762-69) 1762-67 HAREWOOD HOUSE, YORKSHIRE Bricklaying and plain plastering. L it. Mary Mauchline, Harewood House, 1974, p. 48. D oegood, Joseph ( ?- i 692) 1692 His Will is P.C.C., 1692, fol. 165.

Master of the Worshipful Company of Plaisterers (London Guildhall Library, M S., 6122/3). He died in 1707. 1663 PEMBROKE COLLEGE CHAPEL, CAMBRIDGE Lit: Willis & Clark, 1, p. 147; Wren Soc., vi, pp. 27-9, pi. xi; N .B . Pevsner, Cambridgeshire, 1954, p. 27, PI. 58. C. l 6 8 l ST MARY ALDERMARY, LONDON Plate S3 Architect: Sir Christopher Wren. Lit: Wren Soc., x, p. 13; A.E.Daniell, London City Churches, 1896, p. 233. 1670-94 C ITY CHURCHES, LONDON Architect: Sir Christopher Wren. The following alphabetical list is based on Wren Soc., Vol. x i i . A useful summary with further information is given by Colvin, pp. 709-15. ST ALBAN, WOOD s t r e e t , 1682-5. With John Grove. Destroyed 1940. a l l h a l l o w s , l o m b a r d s t r e e t , 1686-94. Demo­ lished 1939. ALL HALLOWS THE GREAT, UPPER THAMES STREET,

1677-83. With John Grove and Thos. Sherwood. Demolished 1893-4. ALL HALLOWS, WATLING STREET, 1 677-84. With John Grove. Demolished 1876-7. ST ANDREW b y t h e w a r d r o b e , 1685-93. Destroyed 1940. s t a n t h o l i n , w a t l i n g s t r e e t , 1678-82. Demo­ lished 1875. ST AUGUSTINE, WATLING STREET, 1680-83. With John Combes. Partly destroyed 1941. ST BARTHOLOMEW EXCHANGE, 1674-9. With John Grove. Demolished 1840-1. ST BENET, GRACECHURCH STREET, l68l-6. With John Grove. Demolished 1867-8. s t BENET, PAUL’ S w h a r f (now the Welsh Church),

1677-83. CHRIST

CHURCH,

NEWGATE

STREET,

1677-87.

Destroyed 1940. ST

CLEMENT,

eastch eap,

1683-7. With John

Grove. ST DIONIS BACKCHURCH, FENCHURCH STREET, 1 6 7 0 -

1674. With John Grove. Demolished 1878-9. 167I-4. With John Grove. Demolished 1903-4. s t JAMES, GARLICK h i l l , 1676-83. With John Grove. ST GEORGE, BOTOLPH LANE,

ST MAGNUS, MARTYR, LOWER CHURCH STREET, 1 6 7 1 -

1676. With John Grove. 1686-90. 1684-7. With John Grove. 1677-84. With John Grove. 1681-6. With John Grove.

ST MARGARET, LOTHBURY,

D oogood, Henry {fl. 1663-1707) Doogood, with John Grove II, was employed very extensively by Sir Christopher Wren and worked at thirty-two City churches. In 1700 he was made

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ST MARGARET, st

patten s,

MARTIN, LUDGATE,

ST MARY

abch urch ,

Damaged 1940.

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| Select L ist o f Plasterers

ST m a r y a t h i l l , 1670-6. Doogood whitewashed the church for £18, Wren Soc., xix, p. 32. ST MARY MAGDALEN, OLD FISH STREET, 1683-5. Demolished 1887. ST MARY SOMERSET, THAMES STREET, 1 6 8 6 -9 5 . ST MARY LE BOW, CHEAPSIDE,

1670-3. With John

Grove. Damaged 1941. ST MATTHEW, FRIDAY STREET,

1681-5. With John

Grove. Demolished 1881. ST MICHAEL, CROOKED LANE,

one of five contestants for the job of Plaisterer to Christ’s Hospital (Wren Soc., xi, p. 70). The others were Thomas Burton, John Eales, Jerome Hall and William Smith. Attributed work: 1688 5 MARKET HILL, CAMBRIDGE Ceiling dated 1688. Lit: Sir Alfred Clapham, Cambridge Antiquarian Society, 1943-7, x l i , p p . 56-9.

1684-8. With John Doogood, Ralph (fl. 1708-10)

Grove. Demolished 1831. ST MICHAEL, PATERNOSTER ROYAL, COLLEGE HILL,

I 7 0 8 - I O ST PAUL’ S CATHEDRAL, LONDON

I 6 8 6 -9 4 .

Worked under Chrysostom Wilkins. Lit: Wren Soc., xv, pp. 169, 196.

ST MICHAEL,

QUEENHITHE,

1676-87. With John

Grove. Demolished 1876. 1677-83. With John Grove. Destroyed 1941. s t M i l d r e d , p o u l t r y , 1670-6. With John Grove. Demolished 1872. s t p e t e r , c o r n h i l l , 1677-81. With John Grove. s t St e p h e n , w a l b r o o k , 1672-9. With John Grove. s t s w i t h i n , c a n n o n s t r e e t , 1677-85. Destroyed 1941. ST MILDRED, BREAD STREET,

1 6 8 1 WESTMINSTER ABBEY CLOISTERS, LONDON

House of D r Richard Busby. Received £43 15s od for ‘fretwork, plastering, &c.\ Lit: Wren Soc., x, p. 22. 1682

a n d 16 9 0 ST CHARLES THE MARTYR, TUNBRIDGE

WELLS, KENT

Dated ceilings by Doogood. Received £190. L it: Marcus Whiffen, Stuart and Georgian Churches, 1947. P- 971686-7 TRINITY COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE See entry for John Grove. 1689 BISHOP’ S PALACE, LICHFIELD, STAFFORDSHIRE Architect: Edward Pearce. Doogood’s work no longer survives. Lit: H .M . Colvin and Arthur Oswald, C. Life, 30 December 1954, citing Church Commissioners M S., 123828. 16 8 9 MONTAGU HOUSE, LONDON

Received £826 in 1689-90. Doogood also worked on the New Chapel in White­ hall, at Boughton House, Northants (1694-6 and 1701), Geddington, Weekley Church, and Ditton Park. The total of his bills submitted to the exe­ cutors of the Duke of Montagu was £2,027. Lit: Boughton House, Duke of Montagu’s Exe­ cutors’ Accounts, Vol. 2, ff. 609-24. (The author is indebted for information to M r Patrick King, M r John Cornforth and Sir David Scott.) 1 6 9 5 CHRIST’ S HOSPITAL, LONDON

Received £33 18s 6d. Lit: Wren Soc., xi, p. 75. In 1698 Doogood was

Dugdale, James {fl. 1675) C. 1675 CLIFTON HALL, NOTTINGHAMSHIRE Lit: C . Life, 25 August 1923. Duking, Francis (f l. 1697) 1697 SIR JOHN MOORE’ S SCHOOL,

APPLEBY, LEICESTER­

SHIRE

Architects: Sir Christopher Wren; Sir William Wilson. Supplied plaster. Lit: Wren Soc., xi, p. 99. Dungan, Richard (,fl. 1605-9) 1605-7 KNOLE, KENT Plate p Dungan’s work at Knole is recorded in the accounts: ‘August 5. Paid to Richard Dungan the H. Plaisterer the some of One hundred and fortie poundes in part paiement of a bill of— cciiii xviii in for ffresse and plaistering work paid to him upon yor lo; warrant dated 4 August 1607, being performed by him at yor lo: house at Knoll September 10. Paid to M r Richard Dungan plais­ terer for half a form of plaister of Paris sent to Knoll and for the charges of water carriage in all December 8. Paid to Richard Dungan Plaisterer in discharge of ii bills for work done for yor lo: between the monthes of March 1605 and 1 July 1607 the some of ciiii xix vj viz in full dis­ charge of a bill of cxl xiiii vi in full for fretts & other worke done at Knoll and for worke done about mr Thoms Sackville stable in all’ Lit: Kent County Record Office, M S. no. U 269 A 1/1, ‘A Booke of severall Accompts of Tho: Earle

Select L ist o f Plasterers of Dorsett L d High Treasurer of England’* 1607* No. 22. (The author is indebted to M r Edward Croft-Murray for this reference.) 1606-9 WHITEHALL PALACE* LONDON Received £303 6s od for plastering the ceiling of the old Banqueting House. Lit: Archaeological Journal^ cx* 1953* p. 151. Dunn* Richard (f l. 1775) Mentioned as a tiler and plasterer in Sketchley’s 1775 Bristol Directory. Dunsterfield* George {fl. 1660-75) Possibly to be identified with ‘George Dunstervile’ who worked at Whitehall in November 1660. Lit: P.R.O.* Works* 5/1* September 1660. ‘George Dunstervile xxii dayes* is . . . ’. In 1674 he was sent north with John Houlbert by the Earl of Lauderdale to work for Sir William Bruce at Balcaskie* at Thirlestane and Holyroodhouse. 1673- 4 BALCASKIE HOUSE* FIFE Plates 12 Si 126 Architect: Sir William Bruce. Worked in most of the rooms of the house. He was paid at the daily rate of 3s 6d. Probably assisted by William Lindores (q.v.). Lit: Scottish Record Office* Kinross House MSS.* cited in Sir William Bruce* 1630-1710* Scottish Arts Council exhibition catalogue* 1970. No. 77. 1674- 6 THIRLESTANE CASTLE* BERWICKSHIRE Plate 128 Signed receipts 10 July 1674* and 6 March 1676* for plastering. Lit: Thirlestane Castle MSS.* Scottish Record Office. 1674-9 HOLYROODHOUSE* EDINBURGH Plates 133*134 Assisted John Houlbert (q.v.). Lit: R.S.Mylne* The Master Masons to the Crozvn of Scotland* 1893* p. 197. Eales* John {fl. 1698) 1698 One of five contestants for the job of Plaisterer to Christ’s Hospital* London. Lit: Wren Soc.* xi* p. 70. Earl, James {fl. 1791-2) A ‘James Earle’ plasterer* appears in 1789 in the York Freeman’s Roll. 1791 Living at Trinity House Lane, Kingstonupon-Hull. There is a counterpart of a lease in the Civic Records of a messuage in High Street* at the south end of the town. 1792 Living at ‘ Southend’* Kingston-upon-Hull. Lit: Kingston-upon-Hull* Civic Records M843; 1791 Directory.

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Eastbourne* Martyn {fl. 1650-2) Official of the Worshipful Company of Plaisterers. 1650-2 Master. Lit: London Guildhall Library* M S. 6122/2. Eaton, — {fl. 1615) 1 6 1 5 CHANTMARLE* DORSET

Chapel ceiling. Finished 2 December 1615. Received £6 16s od for his work and £5 os od for materials. Lit: Dorset County Record Office* Sir John Strode’s notebook; Hutchins* History of Dorset* 3rd ed.* 1873. Vol. iv* p. 5. (The author is indebted to M r Howard Colvin and M r Arthur Oswald for this information.) Edisbury* Kenridge {fl. 1685) 1685 ST PAUL’ S CATHEDRAL* LONDON Glacis paving. Lit: Wren Soc.* xm* p. 201; xvi* pp. 20-1. Edmonson* John {fl. 1694-1704) Master of Worshipful Company of Plaisterers* 1704. 1694-5 ST SWITHIN* CANNON STREET* LONDON Received £20. Lit: Wren Soc.* xix* p. 56* citing the church­ wardens’ accounts at the Guildhall Library. Edwin* Francis {fl. 1760) 1760 Fined 40s for bad materials used in a ‘new house in New London Street* Crutched Fryers* London’ . Lit: Guildhall Library* London* MS.* 6126* 7 August 1760. Elliot* Charles {fl. 1689) 1689 HAMPTON COURT* MIDDLESEX Worked under John Grove (q.v.). Lit: P.R.O.* Works* 5/55* April 1689. Ellis, James {fl. 1703-58) O f ‘Watling Street in Parish of St Antholin* London’ . In partnership with James Hands (q.v.). Dismissed from the ‘Livery’ of the Plaisterers’ Company in 1711 for ‘disturbing the good order and government of the said Company’. He did* however* get re­ admitted to office in 1715 and 1719 and at his death in 1758 left a gift of money to the Company to distribute ‘40 Bushells of Coal at the discretion of the Company’s Renter-Warden’. He took an apprentice* John Wright of Southwark* in 1703. Lit: Guildhall Library* London* MS.* 6122/3. 1712-14 ST ALPHEGE* GREENWICH* LONDON Architect: Nicholas Hawksmoor.

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Lit: Colvin, p. 43; Arch, Rev., March 1950. C. I 7 1 5 ST PAUL, DEPTFORD, LONDON

Architect: Thomas Archer. Worked with his partner James Hands (q.v.). The church was under construction from 1712 to 1730. Lit: Colvin, p. 43; Arch. Rev., March 1950. E lsey, Richard (fl. 1707-8) Official of the Worshipful Company of Plaisterers. 1707 Upper Warden. 1708 Master. Lit: London Guildhall Library, M S., 6122/3. Elson, James (fl. c. 1765) 1765 POWDERHAM, DEVON Lit: C. Life, 11 July 1963, p. 83. C.

E ngleh eart, Francis (1713-73) Bom in Germany in 1713 and is traditionally sup­ posed to have to come to England about 1721-2. He settled in Kew and married Ann, the daughter of the parish clerk of Kew in 1734. Either he or his wife was a nephew or niece of John Dillman, also a German, who worked at Kew Gardens for Fred­ erick, Prince of Wales. He had ten sons, five of whom survived infancy. The two elder, John Dillman Engleheart (1735-1810) and Paul Engle­ heart (d 1774) were also plasterers. In his will of 1772 he left his ‘moulds and scaffolding’ to these two eldest sons. Francis Engleheart is mentioned from time to time in Sir William Chambers’s letters and in James Paine’s bank account. He worked consistently at Kew in the employment of the Princess Dowager and was said by his grandson, Nathaniel, writing about 1850, to have ‘with his own hands fabricated some of the admirably ornamental ceilings at Hampton Court, and some other Royal Palaces . . . ’. John Dillman Engleheart seems to have been the plasterer at 356 and 358 Kew Road, houses he built and owned in 1776. No. 21 Kew Green and 352 K ew Road also have good ceilings. Lit: Letter Books of Sir William Chambers, B.M. Add. M S., 41133 (13 May 1770; 12 March 1772); Paine’s Bank Account (Messrs Coutts & Company); Duchy of Cornwall Office, Vouchers x l i , 1757, p. 63; information kindly communicated by Mrs J.Wilners and M r John Harris and particularly by his descendant H. F. A. Engleheart of Stoke by Nayland, Suffolk. E n zer (Enzier), Joseph (fl. c. 1725-43) Known for his work at Arniston and Yester, Enzer is said to have been Dutch. He married ‘Helen

Arskin’ (Erskine) on 22 July 1738, at Edinburgh, and on 18 May 1739 a daughter Susan was bom. Enzer was then described as ‘plaisterer at Yester’, and ‘John Adams son to Wm Adams (sic) architect’ was one of the two witnesses. William, John and Robert Adam had known Enzer, and William, in a letter of 5 July 1743, informed the Marquess of Tweeddale, their patron at Yester House, East Lothian, that ‘poor Joseph Enzer died last week’ . The testaments made at the time of Enzer’s death were not proved until 1745. Lit: Edinburgh, Register of Marriages, Canongate (Scottish Record Society, 1915); Commissariat of Edinburgh, printed lists, 30 April 1745 (copy Scottish Record Office); information from Miss C. H. Cruft (National Monuments Record of Scot­ land). C. 1730 ARNISTON HOUSE, MIDLOTHIAN Plates 137,138 Architect: William Adam. Lit: Jourdain, 1926, p. x; C. Life, 9 October 1915; Burlington Magazine, March 1969, pp. 132-140. 1736-9 YESTER HOUSE, EAST LOTHIAN Plate 141 Architect: William Adam. Great Staircase and Dining Room. Assisted by Philip Robertson, Francis Nicols, Daniel Ross and Abraham Lester. Lit: Enzer’s account-book, Yester House archives, National Library of Scotland; John Dunbar, Transactions, East Lothian Antiquarian Society, xm , 1972, p. 28; C. Life, 16 August 1973, p. 432. C. I7 4 O ROYAL INFIRMARY, EDINBURGH

Architect: William Adam. In the Testament made at the time of Enzer’s death in 1743 a sum of £230 was due ‘as part of a greater sum for work done by the defunct upon the sd. Infirmary’. Other work: There is little doubt that with Samuel Calderwood (q.v.) Enzer shared the task of providing plasterwork at William Adam houses. These are discussed by Fleming, Robert Adam and his Circle . . ., 1962, and may have included Dun House, Montrose; D uff House, Banffshire; Lawers, Perthshire, c. 1725; and Fullarton House, Troon (Plates 139, 140). The emblematic heads in the cove of the Old Library ceiling at Touch, Stirlingshire (C. Life, 2 September 1965, Figs. 2-3) are similar in treatment to work at Dun House. His work at Yester House, East Lothian, being documented, provides a reliable point for future comparisons. The Yester accounts show that Enzer’s apprentices, Philip Robertson and Daniel Ross went ‘on to Leslie’ which may imply work at Leslie Castle, Aberdeenshire, or elsewhere.

Select L ist o f Plasterers Fewkes, George (fl. c. 1750-63) 1760 Appointed by Worshipful Company of Plaisterers as one of the assessors for bad work. 1763 Takes an apprentice, John Cook. Lit: London Guildhall Library, M S., 6122/4; 6126. C. I 7 5 0 MANSION HOUSE, LONDON

Architect: George Dance, senior. Worked with Humphrey Wilmott. First floor: received £905. Second floor and attic: received (with Wilmott) £750. Egyptian Hall: Wilmot received £600. Total of £2,255. Lit: N .B . Pevsner, Buildings of England^ London Pt. j,' 1957 P- I7^ PI- 68b. F ifield , David (fl. 1690) 1690 Makes oath that Henry Margetts (q.v.) was to do work for Sir George Downing, then deceased, at East Hattley, Cambridgeshire, 1684. Lit: Castle Howard Archives, Executors’ accounts, Sir George Downing. 1 7 1 2 CLARENDON BUILDING, OXFORD

Lit: V.C.H ., Oxfordshire,

III, p p . 5 5 n ,

140.

F lu d yer, William (fl. 1691) 1691 His will is P.C .C ., 1691, fol. 5. F ly , J.

(fl.1710)

I 7 I O ST PAUL’ S CATHEDRAL, LONDON

Worked under Chrysostom Wilkins. Lit: Wren Soc., xv, p. 196. Foote, Edmond (fl. 1660) 1660 THE TOWER, LONDON Worked under John Grove I. Lit: P.R.O., Works, 5/1. F oster, — (fl. 1737) 1 7 3 7 CAVENDISH SQUARE, LONDON

Architect: Edward Shepherd. End house, north side. Staircase for James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos. Received £70. Lit: Baker, Brydges, pp. 199 and 285; Colvin, p. 539. F ran ceys, Samuel (fl. 1760) Possibly of Liverpool and connected with the statuaries of this name. 1 7 6 0 MELBOURNE H ALL, DERBYSHIRE

Decorative work. Lit: Melbourne Archives, cited by Gunnis, p. 156.

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F ra n ch in i (Francini), Paul and Philip (fl. 1730-60) As with all the Italian-speaking Swiss stuccatori working in England, exact identification is not possible. It has been suggested that they came from Modena but in view of the births of those stuccatori working in England being recorded in the vicinity of Lake Lugano the village of Mendrisio near there appears most likely. The parish archives there record the baptism on 3 May 1694 of ‘Jacobus Philipus’, son of Filippo Franchini and Anna Maria. One of the godparents was the well-known stuccatore Giovanni Battista Clerici. No trace has been found of Paul Franchini’s birth. There may well have been two or even three of the family at work in England and particularly Ireland. Their work in both these countries is obscure, with little documentation. Two payments in James Gibbs’s bank account at Drummonds show he had some association with one of them. 1731 December 20 Paid la Franchino £10.10.— . 1736 August 4 T o ditto paid M r La Fran­ chino £95. While their work in Ireland is beyond the scope of this book I have had the opportunity of discussing their activities with D r C. P. Curran (see his Dublin Decorative Plasterwork of the 17th & 18th Centuries, London, Tiranti, 1967) and with M r Edward Murphy, who is (1974-6) writing a thesis on their work. M r Peter Leach has also noted their con­ nections with the northern architect, Daniel Garrett, and Professor Giuseppe Martinola of Lugano has discussed their origins with me and in his various publications on Mendrisio and the stuccatori of the Ticino. It should be noted that he refers to the births of four members of the family: Cosimo, Pietro Antonio, Giovanni Battista and Giuseppe in addition to Paul and Philip (see G. Martinola Le Maestranze d’Arte del Mendrisiotto in Italia nei Secoli X V I - X V I I I , 1964, P. 62). 1740-1 W ALLIN G TO N , NORTHUMBERLAND Plate 66 Dining Room. Received £23 19s 6d. Saloon. Received £44 19s 4d. The Dining Room chimneypiece has affinities with that in the Garter Room, Lumley Castle, Durham (below). Lit: House archives, Wallington; Countess of Northumberland’s Diary, Alnwick Castle M SS., cited in C. Life, 12 March 1970; 23 April 1970; 19 September 1974. 1748 FENHAM H ALL, NORTHUMBERLAND Received £60. Lit: C. Life3 19 September 1974, p. 767. 1750 L o n d o n , House for Duke of Cleveland Received £31 10s.

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Lit: C. Life, above. 1750-4 LONDON, NORTHUMBERLAND HOUSE ( d e m o ­ lis h e d 1874) Received £830 in several payments. Lit: C. Life, 12 March 1970, p. 635. Work attributed: Work in Bath (15 Queen Square) and at St M ary’s Chapel, Queen Square (demolished c. 1875) has in my opinion been erroneously attributed to the Franchinis by G .N . Wright who did Guides to both Bath and Dublin in the 1820s. In the Dublin one he makes attributions to them which are very doubtful. The Franchinis obviously became his favourite citation. John Wood in his Description of Bath, 1743 makes no reference to them. A panel at Fairfax House, Castlegate, York is identical with one in the President’s House, Phoenix Park, Dublin, taken as a cast from one formerly at Riverstown House where the brothers worked. There is how­ ever no need to credit the York panel to them. The most likely further attribution is work in the Garter Room, Lumley Castle, Durham (Plate 61). It compares well with their work in Ireland (par­ ticularly Castletown, Co. Kildare). There is use of an identical medallion at Lumley and the Music or Muses Room, Lancaster (Plates 63, 64). As noted above they had association with the architects James Gibbs and Daniel Garrett. As knowledge of the work of both, and particularly the latter, emerges it seems likely more commissions will be recorded for these talented stuccatori.

Stroud, Henry Holland, 1950, pp. 37, 49 and frontis. G ering, Giles (fl. 1541-4) Worked with William Kendall at Nonsuch Palace. Lit: John Dent, The Quest for Nonsuch, 1962, p. 49. G ill, E. (fl. 1697) I 6 9 6 - 7 PETWORTH, SUSSEX

Received £10 in 1696, £89 15s od in 1697. Lit: Petworth Archives, William Miller’s Account Rolls, 1696-7 See also Edward Goudge and David Lance. G ill, Robert (fl. 1718-29) Presumably of Liverpool. 1718-29 KNOWSLEY, LANCASHIRE Lit: Lancs. County Record Office, Derby (Knowsley) Archives. (The author is indebted to M r S. A. Harris for this information.) G inks, C. (fl. 1708) 1708 ST PAUL’ S CATHEDRAL, LONDON Worked under Chrysostom Wilkins. Lit: Wren Soc., xv, p. 169. G inks, T . (fl. 1710) 1710

ST PAUL’ S CATHEDRAL, LONDON

Worked with C. Ginks under Chrysostom Wilkins. Lit: Wren Soc., xv, p. 169. G lynn, — (fl. 1707)

F rith , Robert (fl. 1719-21) 1719-21 LEICESTER HOUSE, LONDON Lit: Windsor, Royal Household Accounts, Estab­ lishment Book, 1719-21, p. 5.

I 7 0 7 ST JAMES, GARLICK H ILL, LONDON

Small payment made to Glynn. Lit: Wren Soc., x, p. 124; xix, p. 22. G o d frey, T . (fl. 1710)

F ry , Alexander {ft. 1775) Mentioned as a ‘tiler and plasterer’ in Sketchley’s 1775 Bristol Directory. G ard, Philip (,fl. 1730-2) 1730-2 CHILSTON HOUSE, DEVON Lit: Exeter City Library, Mallock M SS., 208590. G a rra rd , George (1760-1826) Born 31 May 1750. Studied as a boy under Sawrey Gilpin. After attending the Royal Academy Schools, 1778-c. 1795 he deserted painting for sculpture. ‘He became well known for his reliefs and accurate small-scale models of animals in plaster and bronze.’ Lit: Gunnis, pp. 163-4 for a full biography; Dorothy

1 7 1 0 ST PAUL’ S CATHEDRAL, LONDON

Worked under Chrysostom Wilkins. Lit: Wren Soc., xv, p. 196. Godwin, James (fl. 1775) Mentioned as a ‘tiler and plasterer’ in Sketchley’s 1775 Bristol Directory. Good, William (fl. 1720-1) 1720-1 PURLEY HALL, BERWICKSHIRE Received £1 4s iod. Lit: Typewritten sheet of Building Accounts of 17201721 (source unspecified) preserved at Purley Hall. (The author is indebted to D r Peter Willis for this reference.) The source may be The Particulars and Inventories of the . . . Late Directors of the South Sea Company, 1721.

Select List o f Plasterers Goodenough, Edward (f l. 1656) Official of the Worshipful Company of Plaisterers. 1656 Master. Lit: London* Guildhall Library* MS.* 6122/2. Goudge (Gouge), Edward {fl. late seventeenthearly eighteenth centuries) One of the most talented of ‘late Renaissance’ plasterers* Goudge seems to have had an early connection with Hawksmoor. Vertue says that Goudge did ‘some frettwork ceilings’ at Justice Mellust’s house in Yorkshire. This was probably Samuel Mellish of Doncaster* Deputy Lieutenant for Yorkshire* who died in 1707 (Colvin* p. 272). Vertue says that Hawksmoor was ‘Clerk to Justice Mellust’* and it seems probable that Goudge intro­ duced him to London circles. It is* however* with the architect Captain William Winde that Goudge’s name is generally connected* and we owe it to Winde’s letters on occasion to indicate works by Goudge. Writing on 8 February 1690* to Lady Mary Bridgeman* Winde says that ‘M r Goudge will undoughtedly have a goode deall of worke for hee is now looked on as ye beste master in England in his profession as his worke att Combe* Hampstead* & Sr John Brownlowe’s will Evidence’. It is this statement which not only suggests that Goudge was the plasterer at Belton but that Winde may have been the architect. The mason contractor was William Stanton. Goudge also worked for Thomas Coke at his London house and was also engaged to work at Hampton Court. It is not known whether he was the ‘M r Edward Goudge’ granted a pass to go to Harwich and Holland in 1693. (Calendar* State Papers* Domestic. [1693] p. 37.) See chapter IV for a further discussion of his career. 1682-3 COMBE ABBEY, WARWICKSHIRE Architect: William Winde. Lit: Bodleian Library* MS.* Gough Warwickshire* 1. 5 February 1682-3; 1 October 1683. 1684-8 SESSIONS HOUSE* NORTHAMPTON Received £150 and £5 as a gratuity. Lit: Arch. Jnl.* cx* 1953* p. 181. C. 1688 HAMPSTEAD MARSHALL, BERKSHIRE Plate 38 Architect: William Winde. House completed for Lord Craven by Winde. Goudge was also said by Winde (18 August 1688) to have worked ‘in a late building att Drury House’. This Drury House was also owned* as was Combe Abbey (below), by Lord Craven. Lit: Weston Hall* Staffordshire* Earl of Bradford’s Archives* Winde letters* Box 18/4; Geoffrey Beard* C. Life* 9 May 1952.

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1688 BELTON* LINCOLNSHIRE Plates 40-2 Architect: William Winde. Goudge’s work at Belton is referred to in Winde’s words: ‘. . . as his worke a t . . . Sr John Brown­ lowe’s will Evidence.’ Lit: See notes above* and letters of William Winde to Lady Bridgeman* Earl of Bradford’s Archives; Geoffrey Beard* C. Life* 12 October 1951* p. 1157. 1688-90 CASTLE BROMWICH* WARWICKSHIRE Plate 36 Architect: William Winde. Lit: Geoffrey Beard* C. Life* 9 May 1952* citing Winde and Goudge letters in Earl of Bradford’s Archives. 1690- 1 SWALLOWFIELD* BERKSHIRE Architect: William Talman. Winde’s letter to Lady Bridgeman 8 February 1690* states: ‘M r Goudge is employed by ye Earle of Clarendone att his house at Swallowfield where I believe hee will have above a 12 monthes worke’. Lit: Earl of Bradford’s Archives* as above. 16 91-

2 PETWORTH* SUSSEX

Chapel ceiling and Hall of State. Received £49. His assistant David Lance was also there. Lit: Petworth Archives* Richard Stiles’s Account Rolls* 1691-2 (The author is indebted to Miss G .M .A.Beck* and M r G .H . Kenyon for much assistance at Petworth.) 1696-7 CHATSWORTH* DERBYSHIRE Gallery ceiling. Received £155 in four payments. Lit: Chats worth* Devonshire Archives. James Whildon’s Account 1685-99* pp. 121* 123* 125* 135; Francis Thompson* History of Chatsworth, 1949* pp. 56* 166-8. Grainger, Ambrose (fl. 1688) 1688 His will is P.C.C.* 1688* f. 15. Green, Charles (,fl. 1723) 1723 GUILDHALL* WORCESTER Architect: Thomas White. ‘Agreed with Charles Green and Samuel Robinson to plaster all Worcester Guildhall including all the mouldings with the ornaments belonging to the same and to find all materials for £180 allowing them the thirty barrells of lime* eighty strikes of haire* six cords of sand and 3000 of lath nails and the white hare already used. And they doe hereby promise to doe all the said work with the best sand* lime* lath nails* haire and white haire for the second coate* and to be done in the best workman­ ship like manner.’ Lit: Worcester City Archives* Guildhall Building Accounts* 29 April 1723.

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Greenhough, William {fl. 1768-70) I 7 6 8 - 7 O BOYNTON CHURCH, YORKSHIRE

Architect: attributed to John Carr. Lit: C. Life, 22 July 1954, p. 283; Colvin, p. 125. G reenough, James {fl. 1791) Living in 1791 at Eastgate, Beverley, Yorks. Lit: Battle, Hull and Beverley Directory, 1791. G riffin , John {fl. 1742) 1 7 4 2 EXCHANGE, BRISTOL

Architect: John Wood the elder. Ornamental plasterer. Lit: Bristol City Archives, Exchange Building Book; John Wood, A Description of the Exchange of Bristol, 1743 (list of subscribers). G riffin , William {fl. 1690) 1690 KENSINGTON PALACE, LONDON Worked under Henry Margetts (q.v.). Lit: P.R.O., Works, 19, 48/1, f. 108. G rilten , R. {fl. 1710) I 7 I O ST PAUL’ S CATHEDRAL, LONDON

Worked under Chrysostom Wilkins. Lit: Wren Soc., xv, p. 196. G rinsell, John {fl. 1712-13) Official of the Worshipful Company of Plaisterers. 1712 Upper Warden. 1713 Master. Lit: London, Guildhall Library, M S., 6122/3. G riven s, R. {fl. 1708) 1708 ST PAUL’ S CATHEDRAL, LONDON Worked under Chrysostom Wilkins. Lit: Wren Soc., xv, pp. 169, 196. G room e, Richard {fl. 1780) 1780- ? SOMERSET HOUSE, LONDON Architect: Sir William Chambers. Ornamental plasterer working under Charles Clarke (q.v.). Lit: Charles Clarke, The Plaisterers’ B ill for Works done . . . Somerset House, 1783. G rove, John I ( ?-i 676) John II ( ?-I7 o8) During their careers both John Grove and his son became Master Plasterers to the Office of Works, John II succeeding his father in 1676. John I’s will, proved P.C .C ., 29 March 1676, shows that his mother had remarried, her second husband being a member of the Tucke family of plasterers, possibly Anthony. His daughter Patience was

married to the master carpenter Matthew Bankes. John I left to Bankes his ‘modell or Draught of St Pauls Church together with all the drawings & draughts hereunto belonging’. He left to his sons John II and James (another Master carpenter) his library of books and in addition to John II his ‘Scaffolding Boards & poles’ . In 1657 Grove, senior, was Renter Warden of the Worshipful Company of Plaisterers. His son John II frequently worked with Henry Doogood, and a list of their joint work on the City churches is given in the entry on Doogood. The work prior to 1676 in the following list is by Grove, senior, possibly assisted by his son. John Grove II’ s will is P.C.C., Barrett, 39. He left property to his wife and his brother James. The overseers were James and the ‘Queen’s Carpenter’, John Churchill. 1 6 6 1 QUEEN’S HOUSE, GREENWICH

Ceiling, East Bridge Room, under the super­ intendence of John Webb. Lit: Survey of London, xiv, pp. 72, 74, repr. pi. 65-7. 1662 Worked in ‘the Queen’s Privy Chamber, Secretary Bennett’s Lodgings &c’. Received £67 18s od. Lit: P.R.O. E351/3276. 1664-7 CLARENDON HOUSE, PICCADILLY, LONDON (demolished 1683) Architect: Sir Roger Pratt. Received £2,082 14s od ‘whereof the fret ceilings came to about £820 besides “ bracketting” which I conceive came almost to as much more’ . Lit: R .T . Gunther, The Architecture of Sir Roger Pratt, 1928. 1675 EMMANUEL COLLEGE CHAPEL, CAMBRIDGE Architect: Sir Christopher Wren. Lit: Willis & Clark, 11, pp. 703-9; Wren Soc., v, pp. 29-31; N .B . Pevsner, Cambridgeshire, 1943, р. 27. C. 1678 ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS, LONDON (demolished 1879) Architect: Sir Robert Hooke. Dining Room. Lit: H .W . Robinson & W. Adams, The Diary of Robert Hooke, 1935. с. 1681 and 1687 W i n d s o r c a s t l e Minor works. Paid £18 1 is 4d in 1681 and £31 9s 6d in 1687. Lit: W. St John Hope, Windsor Castle, pp. 321 and 329. 1682-3 BADMINTON HOUSE, GLOUCESTERSHIRE 7 March. ‘Paid Mr Groves, Plasterer, £ 115.’ Lit: Child’s Bank (Glyn Mills). Account of the 1st Marquess of Worcester.

Select List o f Plasterers 168 5-

7 WHITEHALL PALACE, LONDON

Chapel, Privy Gallery, etc. Lit: P.R.O., Works, 5/54. 1686- 7 TR IN ITY COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE Staircase to Library. Lit: Willis & Clark, 11, pp. 533-51, esp. p. 540; Wren Soc., v, pp. 32-44. Attributed work: C. 1660 COLESHILL, BERKSHIRE Plate 24 1664 CORNBURY PARK, OXFORDSHIRE Architect: Hugh May. Chapel for the Earl of Clarendon.

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The Church was under reconstruction from 1712 to 1730. Lit: Colvin, p. 43; Arch. Rev., March 1950. Hanwell, W. (fl. 1780-90) 1786 ARBURY HALL, WARWICKSHIRE Colour Plate II Saloon, based on Henry V II Chapel, Westminster Abbey. Assisted by G. Higham and Robert Hodgson. Lit: Warwicks. County Record Office, Newdigate Archives; Hussey, E.C.H.: Mid-Georgian., p. 47; C. Life, 29 October 1953, p. 1415.

C. 1 6 9 0 EASTON NESTON, NORTHAMPTONSHIRE

Grove’s relative, the Master Carpenter James Grove, worked at the house. It may be assumed, therefore that work was kept in the family. Lit: B.M . Add. M S., 30092. The author is indebted to M r H .M . Colvin for this reference. C. Life, 15 October 1970, p. 969. Gum, Richard (f l. 1670-1) 1670-1 W HITEHALL PALACE, LONDON Worked under John Grove. Lit: P.R.O., Works, 5/15, June 1670. Hale, Joseph (fl. 1775) Mentioned as a ‘tiler and plasterer’ in Sketchley’s 1775 Bristol Directory. Hall, Jerome (fl. 1698) 1698 One of five contestants for the job of Plaisterer to Christ’s Hospital, London. Lit: Wren Soc., xi, p. 70. Handley, Francis (fl. 1708-9) Official of the Worshipful Company of Plaisterers. 1708 Upper Warden. 1709 Master. Lit: London, Guildhall Library, M S., 6122/3. Hands, James (fl. 1712-18) O f ‘Wild Street’. Partner to James Ellis (q.v.). Was described as ‘late’ in the minutes of the Worshipful Company of Plaisterers, 25 July 1718. (London, Guildhall Library, M S., 6122/3.) 1694 QUEEN’ S COLLEGE, OXFORD Library ceiling. Altered in 1756 by Thomas Roberts (q.v.). Lit: V.C.H. Oxfordshire, ill, p. 138. 17 1 2 - 14 ST ALPHEGE, GREENWICH, LONDON Architect: Nicholas Hawksmoor. Lit: Colvin, p. 43; Arch. Rev., March 1950. C. I 7 1 5 ST PAUL, DEPTFORD, LONDON

Architect: Thomas Archer.

Harrod, Robert (ft. 1670-80) 1670-80 W IM BLEDON, SURREY Worked for the Marquis of Carmarthen. Lit: B .M . A d d . M S ., 28094, f. 139. Hawkins, James (fl. 1775) Mentioned as a ‘tiler and plasterer’ in Sketchley’s 1775 Bristol Directory. Hayes, William (fl. 1713-14) Official of the Worshipful Company of Plaisterers. 1713 Upper Warden. 1714 Master. Lit: London, Guildhall Library, M S., 6122/3. Hebberd, — (fl. c. 1780) 1780- ? SOMERSET HOUSE, LONDON Architect: Sir William Chambers. Worked under Charles Clarke (q.v.). Lit: Charles Clarke, The Plaisterers’ Bill for Works done . . . Somerset House, 1783. Hefford, Thomas (fl. c. 1760) Presumably the plasterer ‘Heafford’ who was paid for work at Northumberland House, London, in 1752-3 (Alnwick Castle M SS., U-1-25). One of thirteen figures in a picture by Robert Pyle, 1760, which was destroyed by fire in 1940. Lit: C. Life, 30 March 1945, repr. p. 556; Colvin, P- 334. Henderson, James (fl. c. 1755-87) This York plasterer is best known for his association with the architect John Carr. M r R.B.W ragg has suggested that he probably did not come of a York family because, when taking up the Freedom of York in 1764, Henderson paid the levy of £25 rather than claiming free entry by patrimony. He was established near Bootham Bar in York and in 1755 advertised in the York Courant for an ap­ prentice.

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In 1765 he took William Holliday of Byland as an apprentice ‘to be taught, learned and informed in the five orders of the Inrichment of Architecture & whatever mouldings may occur5. A year later he took Thomas Nicholson of Richmond ‘to learn the art, trade or mystery of a Plaisterer as to Mouldings in general5. His own son, Thomas, was apprenticed to him in 1764. Henderson was then living at Gillygate, York. Wragg assumes that Henderson was the plasterer at most of Carr’s ventures, and the liaison may be compared to that between Robert Adam and Joseph Rose (q.v.). There was a strong connection between Henderson and Cortese, and Henderson was executor at Cortese’s death in 1778. Lit: R.B. Wragg, York Georgian Society Report, 1955-6; York Reference Library, Register of Apprentice Indentures, D14, 1766, f. 93. 1762 FAIRFAX HOUSE, CASTLEGATE, YORK Lit: Leeds, Yorkshire Archaeological Society Library, Newburgh Archives. 1765 HAREWOOD HOUSE, YORKSHIRE Plastering other than State Rooms (Joseph Rose, q.v.) with a partner, Rothwell (q.v.). 1766-7 CANNON HALL, BARNSLEY, YORKSHIRE John Carr wrote to his client Spencer Stanhope: T am at a loss how to advise you as to the Execution of it [the Dining Room ceiling], as I assure you we have no person in the county that can execute it but Henderson and if you do not chuse to have him Imploy’ d some person must be sent from London.5 Henderson did the Library ceiling in 1766 and the Drawing Room ceiling in 1767. The latter was destroyed c. 1956. Lit: R.B.W ragg, York Georgian Society Report, *955-6* p. 59; Geoffrey Beard, Cannon Hall Guide­ book, 1966. 1767 KIRKLEATHAM HALL, n e a r REDCAR, YORKSHIRE Lit: R. B. Wragg, op. cit. Saloon, coved ceiling. 1771 TEMPLE NEWSAM HOUSE, LEEDS, YORKSHIRE Minor alterations. Lit: R.B.W ragg, op. cit. 1771 GILLING CASTLE, YORKSHIRE Minor alterations to the ‘Gothic Temple5. Lit: R.B.W ragg, op. cit. 1773 THIRSK HALL, YORKSHIRE Architect: John Carr. Lit: Bills at the County Record Office, Northallerton. Henderson, Thomas (f l. c. 1749-c. 1790) Son of James Henderson above. Apprenticed to his father for seven years on 13 June 1764. He took

over the business in Blake Street, York, in about 1785, and ‘continued the relationship with Carr at Wentworth Woodhouse, particularly on the Mauso­ leum, in company with Ely Crabtree5 (q.v.). Sub­ mitted a specification for a mathematic instrument in January 1787, when he was described as a ‘Stucco Plaisterer5. Lit: R.B.W ragg, York Georgian Society Report, 1955-6* p. 60; York Reference Library, Register of Apprentice Indentures, D 14, 1764, f. 73; Deputy Keeper of the Public Records, 6th Report, A p ­ pendix 11, p. 177. Higginson, — (fl. 1 7 7 1 - 2 ) 1771-2 SOHO WAREHOUSE, BIRMINGHAM Work for Matthew Boulton. Lit: Birmingham Assay Office, John Scale Box 9. The author is indebted to M r Nicholas Goodison for this information. Higham, G. (fl. 1779) ARBURY HALL, WARWICKSHIRE

Dining Room. Worked with Robert Hodgson. Lit: Hussey, E.C.H.: Mid-Georgian, p. 44. Hill, Richard (fl. 1775) Mentioned as a ‘tiler and plasterer5 in Sketch ley’s 1775 Bristol Directory. Hillam, James and John (fl. c. 1780) 1780- ? SOMERSET HOUSE, LONDON Architect: Sir William Chambers. Ornamental plasterers working under Charles Clarke (q.v.). Lit: Charles Clarke, The Plaisterer’s B ill for Works done . . . Somerset House, 1783. Hindle, James (fl. 1587-8) 1587-8 HARDWICK HALL, DERBYSHIRE Various works in the Great Chamber and the rooms under the Gallery. Lit: Basil Stallybrass, ‘Bess of Hardwick’s Buildings and Building Accounts’, Archaeologia, l x i v , 1913, p p . 364-97Hodgson, Robert {fl. 1780-90) I7 8 0 -9 O ARBURY HALL, WARWICKSHIRE

Worked with G. Higham and W. Hanwell. Lit: C. Life, 29 October 1953, p. 1415. Holliday, William (fl. 1750-78) O f Byland, Yorks. Apprenticed for seven years in 1765 to James Henderson of York (q.v.). Admitted as a Freeman of York in 1778.

Select List o f Plasterers

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Lit: York Reference Library, Register of Apprentice Indentures, D14, 1766, f. 93.

plasterers to do decorative work. For a full dis­ cussion of this matter see chapter V.

Hollingshead, William {fl. 1683) His will is P.C.C., 1687, f. 49.

Huish, John {fl. 1775) Mentioned as a ‘tiler and plasterer’ in Sketchley’s 1775 Bristol Directory.

Hollins, William (fl. 1660) Official of the Worshipful Company of Plaisterers. 1660 Master. Lit: London, Guildhall Library, M S., 6122/2. Hooper, William (fl. 1775) Mentioned as a ‘tiler and plasterer’ in Sketchley’s 1775 Bristol Directory.

Hurst,— {fl. early eighteenth century) Worked at Greenwich Hospital, and corresponded with Sir James Thornhill. Provided Derbyshire lime for plasterwork. Lit: Wren Soc., vi, pp. 67-8. Huss, Richard {fl. 1710-20) 1 7 1 0 ST PH ILIP’ S CHURCH, BIRMINGHAM

Horton, Robert {fl. 1672-9) 1672-9 ST STEPHEN, COLEMAN STREET, LONDON Architect: Sir Christopher Wren. Worked with Thomas Burton (q.v.). Their bill totalled £136. Lit: Wren Soc., x , p p . 53, 124; x i i , p . 53; x i x , P. 53. Houlbert (Hulbert), John {fl. 1674-9) A London plasterer, known for his work for the Earl of Lauderdale and for the Crown in Scotland. 1674- 7 THIRLESTANE CASTLE, BERWICKSHIRE Plate 128 Signed receipts on 15 November 1674, and 31 August 1677. Lit: Thirlestane Castle M SS., Scottish Record Office. 1675- 8 HOLYROODHOUSE, EDINBURGH Plates I 33 >134 s 136 Worked with George Dunsterfield (q.v.). Received £1*564 2s 6d (1675); £2,406 9s 9d (1677); £1,996 2s od (1679). Lit: R. S.Mylne, The Master Masons to the Crown of Scotland, 1893, p. 197. Hughes, John {fl. 1718-29) 1 7 1 8 THE ROLLS HOUSE, CHANCERY LANE, LONDON

Architect: Colin Campbell. Lit: P.R.O., A .0 .1/2494/407. 1719-21 BURLINGTON HOUSE, PICCADILLY, LONDON Architect: Lord Burlington. Worked with Isaac Mansfield (q.v.). Received £230 in six instalments between 24 Sep­ tember 1719, and 26 January 1721. Lit: Chats worth, Burlington account-book (the author is indebted to M r John Harris for this reference). 1729 COMPTON PLACE, EASTBOURNE, SUSSEX Presumably the ‘M r Hewes/Hughes’ who died in November 1729, and who employed three ‘German’

Architect: Thomas Archer. Lit: Marcus Whiffen, Thomas Archer,

19 5 0 , p . 1 5 .

1 7 2 0 WENTWORTH CASTLE, YORKSHIRE

Unspecified work. Lit: B.M . Add. M S., 22241. Hutchison, James {fl. 1782) 1782 INVERARAY CASTLE, ARGYLLSHIRE Unspecified work. Received £7 10s od. Lit: Inveraray M SS., Chamberlain’ s Accounts, 1781/2. Jackson, Amos {fl. 1660) 1660 THE TOWER, LONDON Worked under John Grove I. Lit: P.R.O., Works, 5/1, November 1660. Jackson, George (1756-1840) When George Jackson & Sons, Ltd., the firm of plasterers and modellers, advertised in the R IB A Exhibition Catalogue ‘One Hundred Years of British Architecture 1851-1951’, they proudly stated that ‘When Robert Adam bought the famous recipe for composition from John Liardet, George Jackson made reverse moulds in boxwood and pressed out the ornament in this material. This laid the foundation in 1780 at 49 Rathbone Place, London, of the present firm of G. Jackson & Sons Ltd. Their collection of moulds is now unrivalled and numbers many thousands’. George Jackson’s son, John, brought the CartonPierre process from France, and his son introduced ‘fibrous plaster’. Jemmett, Thomas {fl. 1689-1710) 1689 HAMPTON COURT, MIDDLESEX Worked under John Grove (q.v.). Lit: P.R.O., Works, 5/55, May 1689. I 7 IO ST PAUL’ S CATHEDRAL, LONDON

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Worked under Chrysostom Wilkins. Lit: Wren Soc., xv, p. 196.

K idgell, Henry (ft. 1686) His will is P.C.C., 1686, f. 32.

Jenkins, John (ft. 1755) C. 1755 POWDERHAM CASTLE, DEVON Plate 94 Staircase (assisted by William Brown). Lit: C. Life, n July 1963, p. 80.

K ilm in ster, — (ft. 1772) 1772 CHIRK CASTLE, DENBIGHSHIRE Saloon ceiling. Lit: C . Life, 12 October 1951.

Jenset, T . {ft. 1708) 1708 ST PAUL’S CATHEDRAL, LONDON Worked under Chrysostom Wilkins. Lit: Wren Soc., xv, p. 169.

K insm an, Joseph (ft. 1637-55) Official of the Worshipful Company of Plaisterers. Fined for bad work 9 October 1655, the year he was appointed Master of the Company. Lit: London, Guildhall Library, M S., 6122/2; 6126. 1637-8 HAM HOUSE, SURREY Staircase (£38 17s od); North Drawing Room (£35 4S od); Hall. Lit: Ralph Edwards, Victoria & Albert Museum Guide to Ham House, 1950, p. 36.

Johnstoun (Johnston ?), John {ft. 1617) Travelled from York, his home town, to work in Scotland. 1617 EDINBURGH CASTLE Ttem. to Johne Johnstoun and his man plaisteris in consideratioun of his paynes in comeing fra york to his work, xlib.’ Lit: Accounts, Masters of Works, Edinburgh Castle, Vol. 2, p. 79 (kindly shown to the author in page-proof by M r John G. Dunbar in 1967). There is reason to think that Johnston worked at Kellie Castle as some of the moulds employed at Edinburgh were brought from Kellie (ibid., 9 June 1617). A John Johnston worked at Inveraray Castle, Argyllshire (kitchen etc.) in 1757 (information from Miss M ary Cosh). K en dall, Robert (ft. 1660) Possibly a grandson of William (see below). 1660 THE TOW ER, LONDON Worked under John Grove I in November. Lit: P.R.O., Works, 5/1. K en d all, William (ft. 1541) 1541 NONSUCH PALACE, SURREY Plates 2, 3 Lit: John Dent, The Quest for Nonsuch, 1962, p. 49. K ibblew hite, — (ft. 1774-7) 1774-7 REDBOURNE HALL, LINCOLNSHIRE ‘ 1774, 14 June. T o the Plaisterers 5s. 20 Oct. Kibblewhite, Plasterer in full of £39 .3 .0 . £ 1 9 .3 .0 .

1775, Nov. Kibblewhite, Plaisterer. £15.16.0. 1776, Dec. Kibblewhite, Plaisterer. £44.1.0. 1777, 16 July. Kibblewhite, Stuccoing chancel aisles. £14.3.0’ Lit: Lincolnshire County Record Office, Red. 3/1/4/6/2, pp. 34, 36, 44, 51. (The author is in­ debted to Mrs Joan Varley for this information.)

K ip lin g, John (fl. 1761) 1761 Freeman of York. Lit: Surtees Society, Vol. 102. L am b , William (fl. 1775) Mentioned as a ‘tiler and plasterer’ in Sketchley’s 1775 Bristol Directory. L ance, David (ft. 1691-1724) Lance may have been a son of Nicholas Lance, a plasterer who worked under John Grove at White­ hall in June 1670 (P.R.O., Works, 5/15). In the late seventeenth century he worked for Edward Goudge. Captain William Winde, writing to his cousin Lady Mary Bridgeman on 27 April 1691, indicated that ‘M r Lance is at the Duke of Summersetts at Pettworth in Sussex’ . Lance was presumably present on most of the commissions in which Edward Goudge was involved. He was appointed Master Plasterer to the Office of Works in succession to John Grove II (q.v.) on 27 May 1708 (P.R.O., Works, 6/14, fi7 i) . His appointment was reconfirmed by George I, 27 May 1715 (Works, 6/11, £41). In his capacity as Master Plasterer Lance sub­ mitted many proposals for work. With Robert Wetherill he shared certain work at Hampton Court in 1716 (P.R.O., Works, 4/1, 6 March 1716). Lit: P.R.O., Works, as cited; Post Boy, 27 December 1712 cited by David Green, Blenheim, 1951, p. 305; Wren Soc., vi, p p . 58, 62, 63; v i i , p p . 201-2, 214, 222-4, 228; Calendar of Treasury Papers, xxix, Pt. 2, p. 102.

Select List o f Plasterers L an gley, Thomas (fl. 1660) 1660 THE TOWER, LONDON Worked under John Grove. Lit: P.R.O., Works, 5/1, November 1660. Lee, Francis ( ?-163 8/9) L it: Yorks. Arch. Soc., Journal, xxvi, p. 144.

[ 227

1659 Master. Lit: London, Guildhall Library, M S., 6122/2. M abbs, Robert {fl. 1715-16) Official of the Worshipful Company of Plaisterers. 1715 Upper Warden. 1716 Master. Lit: London, Guildhall Library, M S., 6122/3.

Lee, James {fl. c. 1611) C. 1 6 1 1 HATFIELD HOUSE, HERTFORDSHIRE

Unspecified plastering. Lit: Lawrence Stone, Arch Jnl., cxn, 1955, p.

M ab yn , Lawrence {fl. late seventeenth century) Apprentice to John Abbott (q.v.). Lit: C. Life, 2 March 1950, p. 222.

12 1.

L indores, William {fl. 1667-72) 1667 Apprenticed to Thomas Alborn of Glasgow (q.v.) 1672 WEMYSS CASTLE, FIFE Worked with John Nicoll (q.v.). Lit: C. Life, 6 January 1966, p. 23. Lock, — {fl. c. 1770-80) Worked for Sir William Chambers. Lit: Laurence Turner, Decorative Plasterwork in Great Britain, 1927, p. 249. L ou d er, James {fl. 1715) Worked at Whitehall Palace, London. Lit: P.R.O., Works, 4/1, f6o. L ovell, James {fl. 1750-80) Worked at Norfolk House, London in the 1750s; also at Waldershare, Kent, Wroxton Abbey, Oxford­ shire and at Stowe, Buckinghamshire, 1754-77, in plaster and papier-mache. He was also a sculptor and worked extensively for the Lyttelton circle at Hagley and elsewhere. Lit: D.Fitz-Gerald, The Norfolk House Music Room (Victoria & Albert Museum publication, 1973). Lun dy, William {fl. 1731) Brought up by Lord and Lady Lundy and recom­ mended by Lady Lundy and William Adam to Sir John Clerk. 1 7 3 1 MAVISBANK, M IDLOTHIAN

Dining Room and Summer-house; other work by Samuel Calderwood (q.v.). Lit: John Fleming, Robert Adam and his Circle . . ., 1962, p. 332; Roxburghe Club, 1895, Memoirs of Sir John Clerk. Lycense, Thomas {fl. 1659) Official of the Worshipful Company of Plaisterers.

M a cC lu re, John {fl. c. 1777) After 1777 c u l z e a n c a s t l e , Ay r s h i r e Architect: Robert Adam. M acG lash an , — {fl. 1770-80) c. 1770-80 worked for Sir William Chambers. Lit: Charles Clarke, The Plaisterers’ Bill for Work done . . . Somerset House, 1783. M cQ u een , Alexander {fl. 1820-40) 1823-? M ILLEARNE, PERTHSHIRE Lit: C. Life, 2 March 1972, p. 429. M ah atloe, Richard {fl. 1669) 1669 CONVOCATION HOUSE YARD Work in one room. Lit: Wren Soc., x i i i , p. 58. M alin gs, Thomas {fl. 1634) 1634 UNIVERSITY COLLEGE West range. Lit: V.C.H.y Oxfordshire, ill, p. 75, n. 31. M an sfield, Isaac {fl. before 1697-1739) Isaac Mansfield may have been bom at Derby. His father Samuel (q.v.) was a plasterer and was living at Derby at the time of his death. We first hear of Isaac when on 4 October 1704, ‘Isaac Mansfield of London* was admitted a Freeman of York on payment of £25. He seems to have alternated between York and London, being described as ‘of York* in 1713 when he took an apprentice Charles Carlile, and of ‘St. James, Westminster* in 1724, when he took Samuel Smith. M r Derek Sherborn points out that Mansfield had a house in Henrietta Street, a few doors away from Gibbs. Mansfield was Sheriff of York in 1728-9. He subscribed to the 3rd volume of Vitruvius BritannicuSy 1725, and together with Isaac Mansfield, junior, to Gibbs’s Book of Architecture, 1728. He did unspecified work (£68) for James Brydges, 1st

22 8

| Select List o f Plasterers

Duke of Chandos. At the end of his life he became bankrupt (see chapter V). Lit: Surtees Society, Vol. 102, p. 186, York Refer­ ence Library, Sessions Book, 1728-44; Baker, Brydgesy p. 199. His death is recorded in The Daily Post 4 January 1739-40, No. 6341 and The London Daily Post and General Advertiser, 5 January 17391740, No. 1621— ‘Yesterday Morning died at his Lodgings at Charing Cross, Isaac Mansfield, JointPlaisterer with Geo. Worrall to his Majesties Palaces, and likewise Plaisterer to his Royal High­ ness the Prince of Wales’. 1710 CASTLE HOWARD, YORKSHIRE Architect: Sir John Vanbrugh. Assisted Bagutti and Plura and did the following: ‘ 1710 June. Pd. Is. Mansfield for wha he did & pd upon Acct £2 13s od.’ He worked in the Library (£3 is n d ); M y Lady’s Closett (£1 5s 3d); M y Lady’s Dressing Room (£1 4s 5d); in the Bedchamber (£3 is iod and £2 16s 6d); Withdrawing roome (two payments of £1 n s 6d); lath work (£9 10s od); in all he received £105 2s 6d. Lit: Castle Howard Archives, Building Books. LONDON CHURCHES I 7 2 3 - 9 CHRISTCHURCH, SPITALFIELDS

For Nicholas Hawksmoor. 1712-24 ST GEORGE, HANOVER For John James. 1714-28

SQUARE

ST JOHN, WESTMINSTER

For Thomas Archer. 1727-33 ST LUKE, OLD STREET For Wren and Hawksmoor. 1720-30 ST GEORGE, BLOOMSBURY For Hawksmoor. Lit: H .M . Colvin, Arch .Rev.> March 1950. 1720-1 BURLINGTON HOUSE Architect: Lord Burlington. Worked with John Hughes (q.v.). Received £220 in seven instalments between 4 July 1720, and 23 January 1721. Lit: Chatsworth, Burlington account-book. (The author is indebted to M r John Harris for this information.) C. 1 720-1 CHICHELEY HALL, BUCKINGHAMSHIRE Hall and Staircase. Received £108 Lit: C. Life, 20 February 1975, p. 437 1721 LANGLEYS, ESSEX Received £85 on 14 June 1721 for plastering the Hah. Lit: Essex County Record Office, Samuel Tufnell’s accounts. Connoisseur, December 1957, p. 211. 1725 BLENHEIM PALACE, OXFORDSHIRE Plate 49 Architect: Nicholas Hawksmoor.

Long Library; Chapel. T presume M r Mansfield has near upon furnished great part of the Gallery by this time and I hope to your satisfaction . . . I suppose the Chapel will not be taken in hand till the Gallery is quite done . . . ’. Lit: Blenheim M S., E47, Hawksmoor to Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough, 23 December 1725, cited by David Green, Blenheim Palace, 1951, pp. 310-1. 1725 SENATE HOUSE, CAMBRIDGE Architect: James Gibbs. Plain plasterwork (decorative work by Bagutti and Artari). Received £315. Lit: Little, Gibbs, 1955, pp. 60-1. 1730 KEW PALACE, SURREY Architect: William Kent. Work for Frederick, Prince of Wales. Received £625 8s 9jd (see chapter V). Lit: Duchy of Cornwall Office, Vouchers, IV, p. 229. Attributed work: C. 1730 RAYNHAM HALL, NORFOLK Plate 71 Lit: M. Jourdain, The Work of William Kent, 1948, p. 65. M ansfield, Samuel (fl. 1672-97) Father of Isaac Mansfield (q.v.). Samuel lived at Derby. His will (at Lichfield) is dated 20 April 1697, and was proved on 8 October 1697. In it he leaves to his wife Hannah his cottages ‘near to St Mary’s Gate in Derby for life and then the same to my six daughters, Elizabeth, Anne, Mary, Sarah, Hannah and Rebecca’ and to his son ‘Isaac Mans­ field, one shilling’. He left the residue to his wife, who was appointed as executrix. 1672-5 SUDBURY HALL, DERBYSHIRE Mansfield agreed with George Vernon in 1672 to ‘fretworke my roome w th archa: frieze & comishe’, and did the plain plastering throughout the house. In 1675 he agreed to ‘frettworke the greate staire heade chamber, £20’. This refers to the Queen’s Room. Lit: C. Lifes 22-9 June 1935. M antle, William (fl. 1726-9) 1726 Subscriber to Leoni’s Alberti. Noted in Vol. 3. He is presumably the ‘Mantle’ who worked further for Leoni at Moulsham. M antle, — (fl. 1729) I729 MOULSHAM HALL, ESSEX Architect: Giacomo Leoni. Interior work on south range. Received £74 15s od. Decorative plasterwork by Artari and Bagutti. Lit: Essex County Record Office, D/DM A5. (The

Select List o f Plasterers author is indebted to M r Arthur C. Edwards for this information.) M argetts, Henry {fl. 1684-1704) Worked on Office of Works Contracts under John Grove II. 1684 EAST HATTLEY* CAMBRIDGESHIRE Work with two labourers at Sir George Downing’s. Received £12 14s 7d* paid in 1690 by Sir George’s executor* the 2nd Earl of Carlisle. Lit: Castle Howard Archives* Executor’s Accounts* Sir George Downing. 1690 KENSINGTON PALACE* LONDON Outworks* stables* etc.* received about £40. Also worked in Palace. Lit: P.R.O.* Works* 19/48/1. f.108. ? - i 6 9 5 CH A TS W O R T H * D E R B Y S H IR E

As Master Plasterer. Lit: Francis Thompson* Chatsworth* 1949, pp. 36* 59, 67. C. 1700 KIVETON* YORKSHIRE. Architect: William Talman. Received £372 16s od. The house was under construction 1694-1704. Lit: Yorkshire Archaeological Society* Leeds* Duke of Leeds Archives* Box 33. M ark er, John {fl. 1595) 1595 HARDWICK HALL* DERBYSHIRE Employed for work at both the old and the new Hall* generally on plain work* but he did the ceiling and cornice in the Long Gallery of the new Hall* M ay 1595. His daily rate was 6d. Lit: Basil Stallybrass* ‘Bess of Hardwick’s Buildings and Building Accounts’* Archaeologia, l x i v * 1913* pp. 381* 397. M a rtin (Martyn)* Edward {fl. 1648-99) Son of John Martin (see below). Made free o f the Worshipful Company of Plaisterers* 21 September 1655. Fined for arrears* 25 January 1657. Beadle of the Company* 1660* and Master* 1699. Fined for bad work in 1671 and 1685. His name appears in the 1668-1724 Contracts Book of the Office of Works (P.R.O.* Works* 5/145* f. 13) for work at ‘The great foott Guard in Scotland Yard’ . Both Edward and John worked at The Tower* November* 1660. Lit: Guildhall Library* London* MS.* 6122/2; MS.* 6126 (12 May 1671; 27 April 1685). P.R.O.* Works 5/i. 1671 31 ST JAMES’S SQUARE* LONDON This work has since been destroyed. Martin was fined for bad work at the house. Lit: As above* entry of 2 M ay 1671; Survey of London, xxix* i960* p. 198* for description of house

| 229

in 1671 when owned by Thomas Belasyse (Lord Fauconberg). 1671-81 ST NICHOLAS COLE ABBEY* QUEENHITHE* LONDON

Worked with John Sherwood (q.v.). Lit: Wren Soc.* x* p. 73. 1678 ARBURY* WARWICKSHIRE Plate 30 Chapel ceiling. The agreement also mentions doing ‘my wife’s closet fretworke* hee is to have £48 besides comeing and going and goate’s haire’ . Lit: Warwicks. County Record Office* Newdigate Archives; Wren Soc.* x* p. 22; L. Turner* Decorative Plasterwork in Great Britain* 1927* p. 142. 1682 BURGHLEY HOUSE* NORTHAMPTONSHIRE Plate 32 Received £150* but this probably represents only a portion of his full bill. Lit: Exeter Bank Account* Child’s (Glyn Mills). Entries dated 1 July 1682* 14 February 1682/3. 1682 NORTHUMBERLAND HOUSE* LONDON Received £21 10s od for ‘whiteing’. Lit: Alnwick Castle MSS.* U-1-17* 18 December* 1682. M artin , John {fl. 1660-82) 1660 WHITEHALL and THE TOWER* LONDON Worked under John Grove I. Lit: P.R.O.* Works, 5/1, September* November 1660. 1676-82 WINDSOR CASTLE Lit: W. H. St John Hope* Windsor Castle* Vol. I* 1911* pp. 314. 32L 485M asters, John {fl. late seventeenth century) 1680 ST CLEMENT DANES* OLD CHURCH* LONDON Lit: Wren Soc.* x* p. 109. M athew s, John {fl. 1689-1710) 1689 HAMPTON COURT* MIDDLESEX One of the plasterers working under John Grove II (q.v.). Lit: P.R.O.* Works* 5/55* April 1689. I 7 I O ST PAUL’S CATHEDRAL* LONDON

Worked under Chrysostom Wilkins. Lit: Wren Soc.* xv* p. 196. M eade, Thomas {fl. late seventeenth century) Mentioned in Robert Hooke’s Diary* 1935 ed.* p. 60. 1678 ST LAWRENCE JEW RY* LONDON Architect: Sir Christopher Wren. Meade agreed to do the ceiling for the Vestry Room to Wren’s design. Received £26* on 1 October 1678. Lit: Wren Soc.* xix* pp. 24-6.

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1685 ST M ARY ABCHURCH, LONDON Lit: Wren Soc., x, p. 124. M edcalfe, — (.fl. 1613) 1613 WADHAM COLLEGE, OXFORD For work in the Hall, Medcalfe received £ 2 16 15s od. Lit: V.C.H ., Oxfordshire, in , p. 284. M ines, John (.fl. 1726-30) 1726 WESTMINSTER SCHOOL, LONDON New Dormitory. Charged £220 13s od. Received £186 in November 1726. Lit: Westminster Abbey Archives, M S. 35394; Wren Soc., xi, p. 45. 1730 W OLTERTON, NORFOLK Worked for Sir Robert Walpole. Lit: C. Life, 25 July 1957, p. 168. M oor (Moore), Robert (fl. 1754-70) C. I 7 4 5 RADW AY, WARWICKSHIRE

Architect: Sanderson Miller. In Sanderson Miller’s account-books (Warwick­ shire County Record Office) there are occasional payments to ‘M r Moor’, which may indicate the employment of Robert Moor at the ruinated castle Miller built at Radway. It is just possible that Moor came from Banbury, as Miller refers on occasion to ‘the Banbury plasterer and his man’ . 1 7 5 0 - 2 ALSCOT, WARWICKSHIRE

Staircase (1750-2); Great Hall ceiling (c. 1763). ‘I have not seen Mr. Moore for some time but his man has finished the first coat on the Great Hall ceiling’. Lit: C. Life, 22 May 1958, p. 1126, citing a letter at Alscot from the steward M r Allen to his master James West, M .P. 1755 ARBURY, WARWICKSHIRE Library. Lit: Warwicks. County Record Office, Newdigate Archives cited in Hussey, E.C.H .: Mid-Georgian, P. 43C. 1 7 6 0 STONELEIGH, WARWICKSHIRE

Received £75. Lit: Shakespeare’s Birthplace Trust, Stratfordupon-Avon, Leigh Archives. M oore, Edward (fl, 1660) 1660 THE TOWER, LONDON Worked under John Grove. Lit: P.R.O., Works, 5/1, November 1660. M ore, T . (fl. 1708) 1708 s t P a u l ’ s c a t h e d r a l , L o n d o n Worked under Chrysostom Wilkins. Lit: Wren Soc., xv, p. 169.

M orison, Alexander (fl. 1757-62) 1 7 5 7 - 8 PIRN HOUSE, PEEBLESSHIRE

Received £25 12s 8d. Lit: Hist. Monumts. Comm. Peeblesshire, II, 1967, pp. 303-5. Morison was also working at Pirn in 1761-2. (The author is indebted to M r John G. Dunbar for infor­ mation on the Morison family.) M orison, John (fl. 1761) 1761 RUCHLAW, LANARKSHIRE Lit: H.M. Register House, Edinburgh, Misc. Papers, Room 12, Bundle 201. Either Alexander or John worked c. 1761 at Paxton House, Berwickshire (Plate 154). Lit: C. Life, 17 August 1967, p. 367. M orison, Thomas (fl. 1734-48) Probably the father of Alexander and John Morison. He died in Edinburgh on 4 February 1748. Lit: Register of Testaments, in, 1701-1800 (Scottish Record Society, 1899). 1734 DONIBRISTLE HOUSE, FIFE Architect: Alexander Macgill. Lit: Darnaway Castle, Murray M SS., Vols 4-6. M orris, Daniel (d 1697/8) Plaisterer to Christ’s Hospital, Newgate Street. Succeeded by James Pettifer after his death on 10 December 1697/8. Lit: Wren Soc., xi, p. 70. 16 7 5

ST

EDMUND

THE

K IN G ,

LOMBARD

STREET,

LONDON

Worked with John Sherwood. Received £85. Lit: Wren Soc., x i i , p. 44. ST MICHAEL, WOOD STREET, LONDON

Worked with John Sherwood. Received £81. Lit: Wren Soc., x i i , p. 44. M oss, T . (fl. 1710) 1710 ST PAUL’ S CATHEDRAL, LONDON Worked under Chrysostom Wilkins. Lit: Wren Soc., xv, p. 196. M ott, Richard (fl. 1752-99) Came from Martin, Lincolnshire. Apprenticed in 1752 to Joseph Rose, senior. He worked for the Rose firm and is mentioned in Rose’s will in 1780. In 1799 he bought items at Joseph Rose junior’s sale (Christie’s, 10,12 April 1799). He must have worked at most of Rose’s commissions and certainly at Kedleston in 1775, where he did the Hall frieze. Lit: Rose sketchbook; Guildhall Library, London, Boyd’s Index to Apprenticeship Registers.

Select L ist o f Plasterers Nadue, — (f l. late seventeenth century) 1698 HAMPTON COURT, MIDDLESEX Lit: Wren Soc., iv, p. 25, where Nadue is errone­ ously listed under the name ‘Medoe’. He appears as ‘Nadue’ in the account-books of the Office of Works. Needham, Joshua (fl. 1725-5) C. 1720 CHICHELEY HALL, BUCKINGHAMSHIRE Lit: C. Life, 27 February 1975, p. 499 1724 SUTTON SCARSDALE, DERBYSHIRE Architect: Francis Smith. Name appears on lead rising-plate (now lost) for­ merly at house. Lit: C. Life, 15 February 1919. 1724 DITCHLEY, OXFORDSHIRE Architect: Francis Smith; built by James Gibbs. Plain work: see p. 201 for work by Artari and others. Lit: Oxford County Record Office, Dillon papers. 1725 GUILDHALL, WORCESTER Architect: Thomas White. Received £77 2s od; ‘Needham the Plasterer at several times as pr. Receipts.’ Lit: Worcester Guildhall, Building Accounts, 20 April 1725. Nelthorpe, Richard (f l. 1724-31) 1724 NEWBY PARK, YORKSHIRE Architect: Colin Campbell. Lit: Leeds Reference Library, Vyner letters, 13595. 1731 YORK MANSION HOUSE, SALOON Nicholson, Thomas {fl. 1754-74) O f Richmond, Yorkshire. Apprenticed on 24 Feb­ ruary 1766, at York to James Henderson (q.v.) for seven years ‘to learn the art, trade or Mystery of a Plaisterer as to Mouldings in general’ . In 1774 became a Freeman of York. Lit: York Reference Library, Apprenticeship Reg­ ister 1756-86; Surtees Society, Vol. 102. Nicoll, John {fl. 1672-3) Said to be Danish. 1672-3 WEMYSS CASTLE, FIFE Lit: David, Earl of Wemyss Minute Book, Wemyss Castle (the author is indebted to M r John Hunt for this information). Nicols, Francis {fl. 1736-9) 1736-9 YESTER HOUSE, EAST LOTHIAN Worked at the house for 611 days, 1736-9, as apprentice to Joseph Enzer (q.v.). Lit: Enzer’s account-book, Yester House archives, Scottish Record Office.

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Noble, Henry {fl. 1668-9) Worked under John Grove II at Whitehall. Lit: P.R.O., Works, 5/12. Nollekens, Joseph (1737-1823) Well-known sculptor (cf. Gunnis). George Richard­ son in his Book of Ceilings, 1776, p. 3, records that the bas-reliefs of the two ceilings in the Drapers’ Company, London, are said to have been ‘ex­ cellently modelled by the ingenious Joseph Nolle­ kens’ . Work for this Company was also done by Joseph Rose, junior, and Thomas Collins (q.v.). Oliver, Thomas ( P-1776) O f Warrington. His will, of 1776, is filed at Chester. 1762-7 TABLEY HOUSE, CHESHIRE Dining Room and other rooms. Lit: Hussey, E.C.H.: Mid-Georgian, p. 58. 1763 CHIRK CASTLE, DENBIGHSHIRE New Drawing Room. Lit: C. Life, 12 October 1951. Oram, William {fl. 1713) 1713 Worked at Royal Palaces. Lit: Wren Soc., xvm , p. 164. Page, Joseph ( P-1775) Bom in Lincolnshire, Page completed his appren­ ticeship at Hull in 1740 and worked extensively with the bricklayer-plasterers, Aaron Pycock, Thomas Scott and Charles Mountain the elder {c. 1743-1805). In 1743 he was designing the Maister’s house in Hull. His proposals were scrutinized by Lord Burlington. The gallery was plastered in 1744. In about 1750 Henry Maister the younger wrote to John Grimston: ‘Page the Man who was employed to do the stucco in my house will be with you today’— presumably a reference to work for Grimston at Kilnwick. He may have done the work c. 1760 at No. 6 High Street, Hull. Lit: Edward Ingram, Leaves from a Family Tree, 1952, p. 177; Georgian Soc., E. Yorks, Trans., 1952-33 Vol. 3, Pt 3, pp. 56-7; V.C.H., East Riding, 1969, pp. 445-6; information from Dr Ivan Hall. Pap worth, John (1750-99) O f Italian origin. Apprenticed to Joseph Rose & Co and became a leading stuccoist in the second half of the eighteenth century. Employed many times by Sir William Chambers. He married Catherine Searle, daughter of the potter, Robert Searle and had at least two sons, Thomas (below) and John Buonarotti Pap worth (1775-1847), an architect and friend of James and Matthew Cotes Wyatt. He

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worked at Greenwich Hospital Chapel, the Royal Academy of Arts and Somerset House. Here he collaborated (1784) with Thomas Collins (q.v.) whose business he may have carried on. They received jointly £7,915 2s 8d. At Inveraray Castle, Argyllshire, he worked under the architect Robert Mylne (1781-2). His account reads: ‘Plaster work in casts, models and moulds for ornamented ceilings and walls of hall and the dining-room by M r Papworth £150 os 6d.’ Pap worth was rated for a house in Wells Street, Marylebone, 1778-91. At his death his business was carried on by his eldest son Thomas. Lit: R. S.Mylne, The Master Masons to the Crown of Scotland, 1893, p. 277; Wyatt Papworth, John B. Papworth, 1879, pp. 4-5; RIBA, Library, Somerset House Accounts; C. Life, 25 June 1953* p. 2061; Jourdain, 1926, p. xii; information from Colonel J.H. Busby and Miss Mary Cosh. P ap w orth , Thomas (1773-1814) Son of John Papworth (see above). Owner of the last stucco and plastering business (Jackson’s apart) carried on in London on a large scale. Plasterer to the Office of Works. Subscribed to George Richard­ son’s Vitruvius Britannicus, 1802. Lit: Wyatt Papworth, John B.Papworth, 1893, p. 3; J.M .Cook and M .H .Port, History of the King's Works, Vol. vi, 1782-1851, 1974. P a rk er, William (f l. 1677-96) Mentioned in the records of the Worshipful Com­ pany of Plaisterers (London, Guildhall Library). 1691-5 DENHAM PLACE, BUCKINGHAMSHIRE Plates 4346

Chapel (1692); Tapestry Room (1693) etc. Received £274 n s od. Lit: Archives at house (the author is indebted to M r John Harris for this information). A William Parker worked in 1764-7 at Shardeloes, Buckinghamshire and in the 1770s at West Wycombe Park, Buckingham. Lit: Tyrwhitt-Drake M SS., Bucks County Record Office, Hussey, E.C.H.: Early Georgian, p. 239. P arkin , Robert {fl. 1791) In 1791 Parkin was living at Kelgate, Beverley, Yorks. Lit: Battle, Hull and Beverley Directory, 1791. P a tro li (jfl. late eighteenth century) cAn Italian artist of great ingenuity’ long employed at Claydon, Buckinghamshire, late eighteenth cen­ tury. He would work here to the supervision of the

Rose firm and is perhaps to be identified with the ‘Signor Pedrola’ who worked with Joseph Rose, senior, at Ormsby Hall, Lincolnshire, c. 1755. Lit: Lipscombe, Buckinghamshire, 1, p. 186; N. Pevsner and John Harris, Buildings of England: Lincolnshire, 1964, p. 370. P ea rce (Pierce), Edward (c. 1635-95) Talented carver in wood and stone. It is suggested in Wren Soc., x, p. 93, that ‘he may also have been a modeller in plaster, if the profuse ornamentation of St Clement Danes is due to his large share in that work’. Pearce’s father, also named Edward {fl. 1630-58), issued a Book of Freeze work in 1640 (reissued in a second edition) which may have been used by plasterers. Lit: Wren Soc., as cited; Croft-Murray, 1962, p. 206, Guildhall Miscellany, 1, 1952, pp. 10-18 (article on Pearce by June Seymour). P ea rce, William {fl. 1762-72) In Sir John Soane’s Museum is a quarto notebook with the name ‘R. Pearce’ on the first page. It contains accounts for plasterwork by William Pearce, many of the projects being for the archi­ tect Henry Holland. 1762-76 BOWOOD, WILTSHIRE Architect: Robert Adam. Pearce worked with Joseph Rose and William Snow (q.v.). Lit: Bowood, Lansdowne Archives. (The author is indebted to M r J.R.Hickish, the Bowood agent, for this information.) 1772 CLAREMONT, SURREY Lit: Hussey, E.C.H.: Mid-Georgian, p. 135. Attributed work: BERRINGTON HALL, HEREFORDSHIRE

May have worked here under Henry Holland. P ea rt, Charles (1759-98) 1790

STOWE, BUCKINGHAMSHIRE

Queen’s Temple. Three panels, signed and dated 1790. Lit: Gunnis; C. Life, 9 January 1969, p. 79. P e rritt, Thomas (1710-59) When Perritt’s father, Jonathan, a well-known York bricklayer, died in 1741, he left three sons, William, John and Thomas, the subject of this note. Trained by his father, Perritt dominated plastering in York­ shire until his death in 1759. He was made a Free­ man of York (1737-8) and took his first apprentice, Joseph Rose, senior, in 1738. He married twice— firstly Ann Etty (presumably a daughter of William

Select List o f Plasterers Etty* the York joiner) at the Minster on 8 December 1739, and secondly Grace Perritt of York at Hampsthwaite* on 8 July 1749. In 1742 he took another apprentice* William Whatson. Perritt lived in York in the Mint Yard and at his death was stated to be of ‘Bederns in the City of York’. He died intestate and the letters of adminis­ tration were granted to the guardians of Anne and Dorothy Perritt* minors. Anne had been baptized at St Michael-le-Belfrey* York* on 3 March 17411742. Perritt was made Chamberlain of York in 1753. Lit: Skaife MSS.* York Reference Library; Yorks. Parish Register Society Vol. 11* p. 196; Surtees Society* Vol. 102* p. 246; Borthwick Institute* York* Wills and Administrations* 13 December 1759. 1738-53 RABY CASTLE, DURHAM Architect: James Paine. Various work* some in company with Joseph Rose* senior (q.v.). Lit: C. Life* 1 January 1970* pp. 20-1. 1741-7 TEMPLE NEWSAM HOUSE* LEEDS Plates 76* 77 Long Gallery (£190 10s 9d)* Library (£130), and other principal rooms. Received a total sum of £419 16s id. Lit: Leeds Reference Library* Temple Newsam Archives* EA 12/10. Jacob Simon in Leeds Arts Calendar* No. 74* 1974* identifies the thirteen medallions as George I* George II* his Queen* children and children-in-law. 1744 ASSEMBLY ROOMS* YORK ‘June 16* 1744. ‘Ordered that M r Thos Perritt do clean the weekly Assembly Room* the Cube Room and the Circular Room* and Colour the Stucco with a good Stone Colour sized* and white wash the Ceilings before the next Assizes . . .’ October 17* 1744. ‘T o M r Thos Perritt. £8.5.0.’ Lit: York Reference Library* York Assembly Room Minute Book* entries as above* and similar ones for 5 June 1751* 12 July 1753. 1745 MANSION HOUSE* DONCASTER Architect: James Paine. Lit: J.Paine* Plans, Elevations* Sections and other Ornaments of the Mansion House at Doncaster* 1751I749

KILNWICK HALL* YORKSHIRE

Received £53 18s n f d . Lit: Edward Ingram* Leaves from a Family Tree* 1952. Attributed work: c. 1740 NOSTELL PRIORY, YORKSHIRE Plates 78-80 Architect: James Paine. Dining Room; Music Room; North and South

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Staircase; medallions similar to those at Temple Newsam (see above). Lit: C. Life* 23 May 1952* pp. 1573-4. Perritt, William (,fl. 1724-c. 1770) Presumably William was a son of Jonathan Perritt of York* and elder brother of Thomas Perritt (see above). 1724-8 BALDERSBY* NEWBY PARK* YORKSHIRE Lit: Leeds Reference Library* Newby Archives; L .O .J . Boynton* ‘Newby Park* the first Palladian Villa in England’ in The Country Seat: Studies presented to Sir John Summerson, 1970* pp. 97-105* where Perritt is referred to in the archives quoted as ‘Jon Perrott and young Perrott’ . 1728 STUDLEY ROYAL* YORKSHIRE ‘Oct ye 15* 1728. A Mesurement of ye Plastering Woork don for John Aislabie by Wm Perritt.’ Received £22 5s 8d. John Aislabie of Studley Royal was related to Sir William Robinson* who em­ ployed Perritt at Baldersby. Lit: Studley Royal Archives* Parcel 286. 1 7 4 1 -2 RANELAGH AMPHITHEATRE* CHELSEA* LONDON

Lit: P.R.O.* C/105/37/32. 1750

FARNBOROUGH, WARWICKSHIRE

Received £434 4s 4d. Work measured by James Morris. Lit: C. Life* 18 February 1954; Bill at house. 1755

BLAIR CASTLE* PERTHSHIRE

Estimate for work done in various rooms— ‘to be done like that at the Duke of Argyle’s at Whitton’* presumably work by Perritt. Lit: Blair Castle M SS., Box 40 (iv)* 91. 1 7 6 1 - 3 GROSVENOR SQUARE* LONDON

Received £98 os 8|d. Lit: Compton Place* Eastbourne* Northampton Archives* Box Q. 1761-68 GLYNDE CHURCH* SUSSEX Architect: Sir Thomas Robinson. Coved ceiling. Joseph Rose* senior (?)* was paid 4 guineas ‘for fruitless designs’. Lit: Sussex Arch. Soc.* Collections* Vol. 20; C. Life, 28 April 1955. Perwick, Edmund (fl. 1661-2) 1661-2 Alaster* Worshipful Company of Plaisterers. Lit: Guildhall Library* London* MS.* 6122/2. Petiver, James (fl. 1658-89) Son of William Petiver, a Northampton shire yeoman. Apprenticed to Arthur Toogood (q.v.) on 23 April 1658* for seven years. His will is filed in P.C.C. (1689* folio 85). Lit: Guildhall Library* London* MS.* 6122/2.

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Pettifer, James (fl. 1685-98) Fined in 1685 for bad work at two houses in Red Lion Fields, London. He succeeded Daniel Morris as Plasterer to Christ’s Hospital, Newgate Street, London, in 1698. Lit: Guildhall Library, London, M S., 6216, 27 April, 1685; Wren Soc. xi, p. 70. 1675-6 SUDBURY, DERBYSHIRE Plates 2 7-9 Worked with Robert Bradbury (q.v.). Lit: C. Life, 22-9 June 1935. 1702 ST BRIDE’ S, FLEET STREET, LONDON Received £2 18s 6d. Lit: Wren Soc., xix, p. 14. 1702

ST JAMES, PICCADILLY, LONDON

16 9 4 DYRHAM, GLOUCESTERSHIRE

Architects: William Talman and Samuel (?) Hauduroy. Great Hall, Staircase, etc. Lit: Dyrham Archives, B13/2; B/15/5; C. Life, 15 February 1962, p. 338. Powell, Robert (fl. 1680-1706) Master of the Worshipful Company of Plaisterers, 1706. 1680-8 ST CLEMENT DANES, LONDON Received £450. Lit: Wren Soc., x, p. 111; Guildhall Library, London, M S., 6122/3.

Lit: Wren Soc., x, p. 124. Piggott, — (fl. 1665) 1665 COBHAM HALL, KENT Architect: Peter Mills. Several ceilings. Lit: P.R.O., c 108/53, cited by H .M . Colvin in ‘Peter Mills and Cobham Hall, Kent’ in The Country Seat: Studies presented to Sir John Summerson, 1970, p. 45. Plura (fl. 1711-12) Possibly connected with J. Plura, who died in 1756 (Gunnis). See also John Fleming in The Con­ noisseur, November 1956, writing of the Plura family of Turin and Bath. 17 I O - 12 CASTLE HOWARD, YORKSHIRE Plate JI Assisted Giovanni Bagutti (q.v.) with the stucco fireplace and scagliola niche in the Great Hall. ‘ 1710 June. Given M r Plewra 34. 8. o. March 1711 Given M r Plewra when went to London 10.15. o. Given M r Plura 34.11. 6. Aug. 1712. Pd M r Plura & Bargote in full of all work done to this day 156. o. 0.’ With Bagutti’s work the full bill came to £ 3 2 117s od Lit: Castle Howard Archives, Building Books. Pope, William (fl. 1719-20) 1719-20 Upper Warden and Master, Worshipful Company of Plaisterers. Lit: Guildhall Library, London, M S., 6122/3. Porter, Thomas (fl. 1683-1703) A London plasterer. 1683 ST PAUL’ S CATHEDRAL, LONDON Paid for a model. Lit: Wren Soc., xm , p. 168.

Powell, Thomas (fl. 1668-9) Worked under John Grove II at Whitehall. Lit: P.R.O., Works, 5/12. Pritchard, William (fl. c. 1780) C. 1 7 8 0 NORTHUMBERLAND HOUSE, LONDON

Architect: Robert Adam. Worked with Joseph Rose, junior. Received £62 14s 7fd. Lit: Alnwick Castle Archives, U .III.7. Puttenham, Richard (fl. 1749) 1749

BURLINGTON GARDENS, LONDON

‘Plaisterers work done for Mr. Robinson att his House in Burlington Gardens. By order of M r Bradshaw’ [William Bradshaw], Received £4 5s 9d on 26 September 1749. Lit: Leeds Reference Library, Newby Hall Archives 2277/20/4. Randal, J. (fl. 1710) ST PAUL’ S CATHEDRAL, LONDON

Worked under Chrysostom Wilkins. Lit: Wren Soc., xv, p. 196. Rhodes, William (fl. 1771-4) Subscribed to George Richardson’s Book of Ceilings, 1776. 1 7 7 1 -2 DRAYTON HOUSE, NORTHAMPTONSHIRE Plate 114

Dining Room. Charged £304 7s 6d. Drawing Room £125 13s iod. Lit: N. V. Stopford Sackville, Drayton, 1939, pp. 33-5; G. W. Whiteman, Some Famous English Country Homes, 1951, p. 100. Richardson, George (c. 1736-c. 1813) Accompanied James Adam on the Grand Tour and

Select List of Plasterers was employed as a draughtsman and designer by the Adam brothers. Lived in Great Titchfield Street, London. Important mainly for his published works (Colvin gives a list in his biography of Richardson), which included A Book of Ornamental Ceilings, in the style of the Antique Grotesque, 1776, 1781, 1793 and Iconology, or a collection of Emble­ matical Figures, 2 vols., 1779-80. These circulated widely among plasterers (both, for example, were in the possession of Joseph Rose, junior). Lit: John Fleming, Robert Adam and his Circle . . ., 1962, pp. 368-9. 1759

KEDLESTON, DERBYSHIRE

Architect: Robert Adam. Marble Hall, Ceiling. Bills from George Richardson and Catherine Richardson appear as early as 1759 in the bills preserved at the house. The Hall ceiling appears in Richardson’s Book of Ceilings, which is dedicated to Lord Scarsdale. The other decorative plasterwork at Kedleston is by Joseph Rose, but he only charged £29 os 6d for work in the Hall, which strengthens the theory that the ceiling is by Richardson. Lit: Kedleston Archives. Bills and account-book, 3R. R id ley, William {fl. 1661) O f Elvett, near Durham. 1661 DURHAM CASTLE 20 November 1661. Agreement with Bishop John Cosins ‘to lath, plaister and seale all and every the roomes and chambers in the Castle of Durham, and the several walles thereof. Sealing of the said severall upper rooms, eleaven shillings the roode, the walls playstring after the rate of seaven shillings the roode.’ Lit: Surtees Society, 1872, Vol. 55, p. 356. R oane, Thomas (d 1690) O f Southwark. His will is P.C.C., 1690, fol. 61. R oberts, James (f l. 1745-79) Roberts came of an Oxford family and was nephew of Thomas Roberts (q.v.). Advertised in Jackson’s Oxford Journal, 14 January 1776, ‘James Roberts, stucco-plasterer, instructed by the late Thos Roberts over 30 years in Oxford has dissolved partnership with his cousin, William Roberts. Each continues on his own account.’ Roberts centred his business ‘near Carfax Church’, and in the Journal for 27 April 1776, he denied responsi­ bility for confusion among patrons between the two businesses.

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R oberts, Nicholas {fl. 1711-12) No known connection with the Roberts family of Oxford. Upper Warden and Master, Worshipful Company of Plaisterers, 1711-12. Lit: Guildhall Library, London, M S., 6122/3. R o b erts, Thomas (1711-71) O f Oxford. Roberts was the uncle of James Roberts (q.v.) and had an extensive practice in the Oxford area. He may well have been in active collaboration with the Danish stuccoist Charles Stanley (q.v.). A fire broke out in his workshop in 1761 {Jackson’s Oxford Journal, 16 February 1761). For a time his son William and his nephew James assisted him. They then set up on their own at Thomas’s death but finally, in 1775, dissolved the partnership. Thomas’s death on 21 February 1771, is recorded in Jackson’s Oxford Journal, 22 February 1771— ‘Thomas Roberts, fretwork plasterer died. Some striking work of his in a room at Lord Shrewsburys, Heythrop. Succeeded in business by only son William.’ 1738 MAGDALEN COLLEGE, OXFORD Decorated colonnade of New Buildings. Lit: W .G.Hiscock, A Christ Church Miscellany, 1946, pp. 68-71. 1742 ST JOHN’S COLLEGE, OXFORD Ceiling of the Senior Common Room. Lit: Historical Monuments Commission, Survey of City of Oxford^ 1939, p. 106. 1744 RADCLIFFE CAMERA, OXFORD Architect: James Gibbs. Assisted Charles Stanley (q.v.) to do eight ceilings. Witnessed the receipt by Stanley of £232 18s iod on 18 February 1744/5. Lit: Oxford Historical Society, Vol. xm , 1953-4 (1958). 1749, 1760 DITCHLEY, OXFORDSHIRE Dining Room ‘at I7d per yard for plain floating and 2/6d per yard for modillion cornice fully enriched.’ Received £33 12s 3d. Roberts also worked at Ditchley in 1760 in the Library, temple in park, etc. Received £24 18s 6d. Lit: Oxford County Record Office, Dillon M SS., i/p/3 ab, am. 1750 ALL SOULS, OXFORD Codrington Library. Lit: Hiscock, A Christ Church Miscellany, 1946. 1752-62 CHRIST CHURCH LIBRARY, OXFORD In 1752 the work in the Library was entrusted to Roberts and he worked on the ceiling of the Upper Library for fifteen months. He received £663. His

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name appears in the Building Account in 1759 when he was paid £260 for carving. From 1759 to 1762 he was constantly employed, receiving £537 ‘for stucco work and carving’. Lit: Hiscock, A Christ Church Miscellany, 1946. 1753

BODLEIAN LIBRARY, OXFORD

Ceiling in the Tower Room. This ceiling is now transferred to the Upper Archive Room. Lit: Bodleian Library Record, October 1956. 1756 q u e e n ’ s c o l l e g e , o x f o r d Library ceiling. He added ‘new ornaments in the Oval Space in the Middle and the Compartments at the Ends’. Lit: J.R.Magrath, Queen's College. 1760 d i t c h l e y , Ox f o r d s h i r e (see e n t r y fo r 1749) I76 4

HARTWELL, BUCKINGHAMSHIRE

Lit: Hussey, E.C.H.: Early Georgian, p. 201. 1764 ROUSHAM, OXFORDSHIRE Great Parlour (£170) and other work. Received in all £266 is 6d. Lit: C. Life, 24 May 1946, p. 949; Hussey, E.C.H.: Early Georgian, p. 160. HEYTHROP HALL, OXFORDSHIRE

Interior, destroyed by fire, 1831. Credited with work here on the authority of Mrs Lybbe Powys, writing in 1778. ‘In the arches over the doorways’, she adds, are ‘Fables of Aesop, finely executed in stucco, with wreathes of vine leaves.’ Lit: Passages from the Diary of Mrs Lybbe Powys, 1899, p. 200; Jackson's Oxford Journal, cited at head of these notes. Attributed work: C. 1745 KIRTLINGTON, OXFORDSHIRE Plates J2> J3 May have worked here with Charles Stanley. The Aesop’s Fables medallions are a prominent feature. C. 1750 GREY’ S COURT, HENLEY, OXFORDSHIRE

Lit: C. Life, 30 June 1944. This is not a convincing attribution. The work is mechanical and does not compare in quality with that in Christ Church Library. It does compare with work at Watlington Park nearby by — Swan (q.v.). (The author is in­ debted to M r J. A. Kenworthy-Browne for help in this matter.) C. 1753-8 HONINGTON HALL, WARWICKSHIRE Hiscock, loc. cit.y notes that the entrance hall con­ tains a symbolic design of sunlight which appears to be a replica of the design used by Roberts under­ neath the gallery of the Upper Library at Christ Church, Oxford. Furthermore, his radiating centre oranment of Queen’s College Library ceiling is a variation of the same idea. Roberts and Charles Stanley (q.v.) collaborated at the Radcliffe Camera and possibly at Kirtlington,

and the work at Honington (Plate 69) has long been credited, somewhat casually in view of the lack of documentation, to Charles Stanley. 1754 NUTHALL TEMPLE, NOTTINGHAMSHIRE Rococo plasterwork with Aesop’s Fables motifs. Destroyed in 1929. Lit: C. Life, 18 April, 5 May 1923. Roberts, William (f l. 1760-84) Son of Thomas Roberts (see above). A series of advertisements in Jackson's Oxford Journal is all that is known of him. He presumably helped his father from his teens, and at Thomas’s death in 1771 it was announced he had succeeded to the business. On 8 April 1772, he announced in the Journal that he continued to do carving and gilding. By 1775 he had dissolved partnership with his cousin James (q.v.), and on 27 April 1776, he inserted an advertisement advising customers to be sure of his address (nr. Worcester College) to avoid confusion with James. By 23 October 1779, he was advertising as a ‘stucco plasterer and slater of High Street’ and denying a malicious rumour of his quitting the business. He did, however, leave Oxford soon after. His goods were sold on 7 December 1779, and he took over the licence of the Red Lion, Hounslow. On 22 May 1784, the faithful Journal inserted his advertisement announcing his return to Oxford. Robertson, Philip (,fl. 1736-61) 1736-9 YESTER HOUSE, EAST LOTHIAN Plate 141 Worked at the house for 544 days, 1736-9, as apprentice to Joseph Enzer (q.v.). Lit: Enzer’s account-book, Yester House archives. 1759-61 INVERARAY CASTLE, ARGYLLSHIRE Lit: National Library of Scotland, Saltoun Papers, 1759-60, Box 420. (The author is indebted to Miss Mary Cosh for this information.) Robinson, John (f l. 1724) O f Malton, Yorkshire. 1724 CASTLE HOWARD, YORKSHIRE Plain plastering. Lit: Castle Howard Archives, Building Books. Robinson, Peter (fl. 1768) 1768 THORNDON HALL, ESSEX Architect: James Paine. Received £931 3s od by 1768. Lit: Essex County Record Office, Petre M SS. (D/DPA58). (The author is indebted to Miss Nancy Briggs for this reference.)

Select L ist of Plasterers Robinson, Thomas (fi. 1689) 1689 HAMPTON COURT, MIDDLESEX One of the plasterers working under the super­ vision of John Grove II. Lit: P.R.O., Works, 5/55, April, 1689. Rose, Jacob (alive in 1738) O f Norton, near Sheffield. Stated by Lord Mansfield to have been a plasterer. Father of Joseph Rose, senior. Living at Norton, near Sheffield, in 1738 when his son was put apprentice to Thomas Perritt. Lit: Liardetv. Johnson, 1778, law-suit text, cited by Geoffrey Beard, Georgian Craftsmen and their Work, 1966, p. 73. Rose, Jonathan (c. 1772-after 1780) Father of Joseph Rose, junior, and brother of Joseph Rose, senior. Worked with his brother at Wentworth Woodhouse, 1751-63.

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In 1768 the architect Sir Thomas Robinson (c. 1700-77), of Rokeby, Yorkshire, described Rose as ‘the first man in the Kingdom as a plasterer’. Robinson was presumably referring to Rose, senior, as the latter’s nephew would have been only twentytwo at this time, and Robinson, as a Yorkshireman, presumably knew the firm of Perritt and Rose very well. 1741-7 TEMPLE NEWSAM HOUSE, LEEDS Plates j6> 77

Worked with his master, Thomas Perritt. Receipted bill on 27 June 1745. Lit: Leeds Reference Library, Temple Newsam Archives, E A 12/10. 1745 MANSION HOUSE, DONCASTER Architect: James Paine. Lit: J.Paine, Plans, Elevations, Sections and other Ornaments of the Mansion House at Doncaster, 1751. I 7 5 2 CUSWORTH HALL, YORKSHIRE

Rose, Jonathan (alive in 1799) Brother of Joseph Rose, junior. Worked with his father, brother and uncle in the family firm. Rose, Joseph (c. 1723-80) Son of Jacob Rose. Born probably in Yorkshire; living at Norton, near Sheffield, in 1738. Appren­ ticed on 16 October 1738, for seven years to Thomas Perritt of York (1710-59), with whom he worked on several commissions. Perritt died intes­ tate, and Rose does not seem to have inherited his business. At Doncaster in 1752-3, where he took two apprentices, Richard Mott and John Wright. At this time he collaborated with his brother Jonathan and after about 1760, with his nephews Joseph and Jonathan. Together they monopolized all important commissions, particularly those from Robert Adam (these for convenience are listed under Joseph Rose, junior). Rose was buried at Carshalton, Surrey, on 11 September 1780. He had presumably been living in retirement with his son, William Rose, who was Rector of Carshalton for fifty-two years. His will is P.C.C. 449 Collins, and from a codicil (not executed) we surmise that he was in a position to leave £6,000 to each of his nephews. He left his business to Joseph Rose, junior. There is no positive evidence that Rose visited Italy, but in the sale of his son William’s collection of pictures at Christie’s on 30 M ay 1829, there was a view by Richard Wilson of the Ruins of the Temple of Venus, Tainted for William Rose’s father by Wilson’, and it is stated that Joseph Rose was there at the occasion of its painting (W .G. Constable, Richard Wilson, 1953, pp. 196-7.)

Architect: James Paine. Received £226 8s 2d. Lit: Leeds Reference Library, Battie-Wrightson M SS., A/30; Geoffrey Beard, Georgian Craftsmen and their Work, 1966. 1751-63 WENTWORTH WOODHOUSE, YORKSHIRE Plate 97

The following entries are from the Wentworth Woodhouse Account Books and Estate Accounts at Sheffield Reference Library. (The author is indebted for this information to M r R.B.W ragg.) Account Books: 1751 Mr. Jos Rose p o ste r­ ing & whitewashing Dec. 22. 1753. Mr. Joseph Rose upon Accot Plaistering 60. o. o. Mar 12. 1754. Mr. Joseph Rose Great Hall 30. o. o. Jan. 1755. Mr. Joseph Rose upon Acct. Ceiling of Grand Hah July 17 1758. By Mr. Rose in full for Stucco work done in the Great Hall £76.11. 3}. and another payment of 12.12. o. Jan. 3 1761. T o Rose the Plaisterer a Bill. Estate Accounts: 1760 Aug. 14. 50. 2.11J. By M r Jo Rose on Accot for Stucco Work etc. 10. o. o.

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| Select List o f Plasterers

1762 Jan. 24.

1763 March 28.

1763 Dec. 26.

By M r Jo Rose in full for Plaisterers work done in the Dining Room at Wentworth & in the Drawings Supping & Writing Rooms 24. 1. 7. By M r Rose on Accot for Stucco work in the Cliffords Lodg­ ings & M r. Green. £31.10. o. By Mr. Rose on Acct & his Bror. Mr. Jonathon Rose 7. 7. o.

C. 1752 FELBRIGG HALL, NORFOLK Architect of eighteenth-century work: James Paine. Lit: Letters and accounts at house cited by R.W . Ketton-Cremer, Felbrigg: The Story of a House, 1962.

1755

ORMESBY HALL, LINCOLNSHIRE

Architect: James Paine. Worked with an Italian, Pedrola (Patroli, q.v.). Lit: N. Pevsner and John Harris, Buildings of England: Lincolnshire, 1964, p. 370. I 7 6 0 - I GLENTWORTH HOUSE, LINCOLNSHIRE

Architect: James Paine. Lit: Letter from Rose at Sandbeck Park, Yorkshire (see below). Attributed work: c. 1740 NOSTELL PRIORY, YORKSHIRE Plates j880

North and South staircase, Dining Room, Music Room. The medallions are very similar to those at Temple Newsam House (see above), and as James Paine had a share in the design of the house he presumably used his favourite stuccoists. 1758 HEATH HALL, WAKEFIELD, YORKSHIRE Architect: John Carr. Drawing Room. Lit: C. Life, 3 October 1968, p. 817. C. 1766 SANDBECK PARK, YORKSHIRE Plate 107 Architect: James Paine. Lit: C. Life, 14 October 1965, p. 966. Rose, Joseph (1745-99) Son of Jonathan Rose (see above). Born at Norton, Derbyshire, on 5 April 1745. His father and brother (both named Jonathan) and his uncle, Joseph, were all plasterers and they formed the firm of Joseph Rose & Co., which monopolized the most important plasterwork commissions of the Adam period. The archives of the Worshipful Company of Plaisterers yield the following information:

1765 November 9.

Admitted Joseph Rose by Re­ demption. Company £1.6.6. Fine 2.2.0. £3.8.6.

As the means of admission was neither servitude nor patrimony this reduced the chance of finding details of his forbears in the Plaisterers’ records, and only details of uncle Joseph’s apprenticeship are recorded at York. Joseph, junior, was admitted ‘into the same livery’ in 1766, in which year two apprentices, Bartholomew Bullivant and James Price, were bound to him for seven years. Rose was admitted into the Court of Assistants. In 1767 he took another apprentice, William Smith, and at the meeting of 5 July 1774, was elected Upper Warden. A year later on 4 July 1775, he was appointed Master of the Worshipful Company of Plaisterers. T o some extent it may be true that this informa­ tion relates to uncle Joseph, who was more likely, at the age of fifty-one, to be elected Master than his nephew, who at this time was only twentyeight. Indeed, their careers can hardly be separated, and at uncle Joseph’s death in 1780, Joseph, junior, succeeded to the business. The present author has assumed that Joseph, junior, married Mary Richmond on 15 December 1774, at St Mary le Bone, Middlesex. The wit­ nesses were Edward Webster and Joseph Rose. The family were to be long associated with Middle­ sex; their premises were in Queen Anne Street East, Middlesex (now London). It has been shown (Walpole Society, xxxvi, p. 58, fn. 16; confirming Richard Hayward’s M S., list, Department of Prints & Drawings, British Museum) that Rose was in Rome in 1768. He gained a classical education which was to stand him in good stead when he worked in the Neo-Classical style for Robert Adam. He subscribed, with his uncle and father, to George Richardson’s Ceilings in the Antique and Grotesque Tastes, 1776. Rose’s will instructs that £500, a life interest in the residue of his estate and a choice of furniture should go to his wife, and the rest of the furniture should be sold with all ‘Books, Moulds, Models, Casts, Scaffolding and every implement which belongs to my business’ . The remaining bequests were to his mother, sisters, nieces and nephews. This will was proved on 16 February 1799, five days after his death. The present writer has not traced where he was buried: there is no entry regarding him in the Carshalton, Surrey, parish register, but his uncle and wife were buried there.

Select L ist o f Plasterers Sketch-books (a) Book, 26 x 16*51 cm (10J x 6\ in), in the possession of the Earl of Harewood. Described in an appendix to Margaret Jour dam, English Decorative Plasterwork, 1926, pp. 251-3, although some details are omitted. The present writer has re-examined the book and refers to it where rele­ vant. (b) Book of 331 friezes, RIBA Library, M S., 729.56, presented anonymously in 1836. The title page reads: ‘ Sketches of Ornamental Friezes From Original Models in the Possession of Joseph Rose. Many of the Models were made from the designs of the most eminent Architects and the whole executed in stucco work by Joseph and Joseph Rose, London. Sketched by Joseph Rose, m d c c l x x x i i ’ . The book is indexed and designs are noted as the work of Robert Adam, Rose, senior, Rose, junior, James Wyatt, James Stuart, Sir William Chambers, Henry Keene and ‘Yeman’, possibly John Yemens or Yeomans, but more likely John Yenn (17501821), a pupil of Sir William Chambers. (c) Two volumes of sketches, 78*74x60*96 cm (31 x 24 in), for his decoration of Sledmere, York­ shire, are at the house. The author is indebted to Sir Richard Sykes for letting him examine them. No. 1 contains thirty-seven plans and elevations which do not appear to be by Rose, followed by ten, nearly all of which are signed by him. No. 2 contains twenty plans which are not identifiable and twenty-four by Rose. Portrait Self-portrait in crayons, 60*9 x 45*7 cm at Sledmere House, Yorkshire. It was engraved by Bartolozzi, and the engraving is inscribed: Joseph Rose Esqr. Ob. Feb. 11, 1779. A Etatis Suae 53. From a Drawing in Crayons by himself. Letters Preserved at Nostell, Sledmere, Sandbeck and Castlecoole (N. Ireland). Sale of his Collections Christie’ s, 10, 12 April 1799. Lit: London, Guildhall Library; Worshipful Com­ pany of Plaisterers, M S. 6122/3; Parish Registers of Norton, Co. Derby, ed. L .L . Simpson (Derby, 1908); Harleian Society, ‘Parish Registers of St. Mary le Bone, Middlesex’; Rose’s will, P.C.C. 138 Howe; British Museum, Department of Prints and Draw­ ings, Richard Hayward, A 59 S.C. M S., containing list of English visitors to Italy. In view of the many overlapping dates the following list of work is arranged alphabetically: ALNWICK CASTLE, NORTHUMBERLAND

In a letter of 1763 c ?) to Robert Adam, the Duke

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of Northumberland writes: ‘I propose Mr. Rose should do the plaistering’. Lit: Alnwick Castle Library, Vol. 94 (Shelf 22/1), fol. 31, Muniment Room U.I.46 (letter referred to above). In a ‘list of bills and receipts found on the death and in the possession of the late Duke’ Joseph Rose is noted as due for £145 10s id (23 January 1779) and £56 n s 4d (6 April 1780). On 29 M ay 1779, Rose received £3 4s 4d for two half-capitals in the Briesley Tower at Alnwick, but also mentioned an earlier bill of £53 7s od. Also received £3 18s od from the duke’s agent, M r Butler, for work at the ‘House of Messrs Hill and Pitter’ (29 September 1761). Lit: John Fleming, ‘Robert Adam’s Gothick’, The Connoisseur, c x lii , October 1958, pp. 75-9; Alnwick Castle Muniment Room, U.I.41; U.I.46. 1769 AM PTH ILL, BEDFORDSHIRE Architect: Sir William Chambers. Drawing Room ceiling ‘by M r Rose’ (from a letter of Sir William Chambers referred to below). Lit: 5 December 1769, B.M . Add. M S., 41,133. AUDLEY END, ESSEX

From 19 July 1763 to 2 February 1765, Rose re­ ceived some £450, and payments to him continued until 1786. Payments were also made in 1769-73 to William Rose (q.v.). Rose also worked for Sir John Griffin Griffin in London, at 10 New Burling­ ton Street. Lit: Essex County Record Office, Braybrooke Archives D/DBy A 27; J.D . Williams, Audley End, Restoration of 1762-97 (Essex County Record Office, Publication 45, 1968). BEAUDESERT, STAFFORDSHIRE

The Rose sketch-book contains: 1. An entablature entitled ‘Ld. Pagets’ . 2. ‘Dineing-room and cove att Ld. Pagets. M r. Wyatt’s desine Aug. 18 1771’. 3. ‘Staircase. Beaudesert. Mr. Wyatt’s design 1771’. 4. ‘Suffeat under the Gallery and string of Great Stairs Beaudesert’. BOWOOD, WILTSHIRE

Architect: Robert Adam. Several of the Adam rooms and fittings were sold by auction on 30 June 1955. The details of Rose’s work given below include the lot numbers of this sale. The auction preceded the demolition of the Big House at Bowood (Architect: Henry Keene). Rose received £498 and worked here with William Snow and William Pearce. c. 1763-4 Staircase well, ceiling of room 31 (Lot 42, unsold), destroyed, 6*25 x 5*33 m (20 ft 6 in x 17 ft 6 in).

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West Bow Corridor. Ceiling of Room 41 (Lot 75, unsold), 2*69 x 1*52 m (8 ft 10 in x 5 ft). Corridor ceiling (Lot 82, unsold), 10-36 x 1-83 m (34 ft x 6 ft). Entrance Hall ceiling (Lot 128, unsold), 9-9 x 6-4 m (32 ft 6 in x 21 ft). Gallery Lobby (Lot 148, unsold), 2-55 x 1-47 m (8 ft 5 in x 4 ft 10 in). Dining Room ceiling (Lot 183), 12-19x9-14 m (40 ft x 30 ft) and wall panels (Lots 184-9), bought for Lloyd’s of London. The Cube Room ceiling (Lot 198), 5-08 x 5-03 m (16 ft 8 in x 16 ft 6 in). The King’s Room ceiling (Lot 204, unsold), 8-954 x 6-09 m (29 ft 6 in x 20 ft). Staircase Hall, spandrels (Lot 207), 3-35 x 1-52 m (11 ft x 5 ft). Corridor, Room 73, ceiling (Lot 284, unsold), 8-3 x 3-35 m (27 ft 3 in x 11 ft). Lit: Bo wood Archives. 1792-7

CASTLECOOLE, N . IRELAND

Seven letters from Rose to the 1st Viscount Belmore are preserved at Castlecoole, together with his ‘Estimate of Ornamented Ceilings . . . made from Mr. J. Wyatt’s designs’. (The plain ceilings are not included in the estimate.) In all, Rose received £2,249 6s 4 jd for his work between 1794 and 1797. He sent plasterers to Ire­ land (Robert Shires, Robert Peterson, William Hartley, Thomas Fitzgerald and Thomas Spence were employed), together with eight packing-cases of casts and moulds for the capitals and frieze in the Saloon. Rose visited Castlecoole twice in 1792 and 1794. Lit: R. Charles Lines, ‘Castlecoole, Co. Fermanagh’, Connoisseur Year book, 1956, p. 17, where one of Rose’s bills is illustrated. CHATSWORTH, DERBYSHIRE

Received £44 3s 3d. Lit: Building Account, 22 January 1763. CLAPTON, MIDDLESEX

The Rose sketch-book contains ‘Cornices at Mr. Hollis, Solly House, Clapton, Middx. Nov. 22 1813’. This was presumably drawn by a son of Joseph or of Jonathan Rose, junior. 1767-8 CLAYDON HOUSE, BUCKINGHAMSHIRE Architect: Sir Thomas Robinson. Sir Thomas Robinson’s statement about Rose being ‘the first man in the Kingdom as a plasterer’ has been mentioned. In July 1768, Rose is reported as saying that he ‘can finish the staircase and two ceilings by Xmas’. The walls of the staircase are decorated in Neo-Classical style. Robinson, who was working at Claydon for the

2nd Earl Vemey, wrote in July that Rose was ‘better suited to Mr. Lightfoot’s work’ in the ceiling. Lightfoot is also said to have ‘retarded the staircase by not sending [to Rose] the instructions wanting’ . ‘The staircase’, he continues, ‘will be very noble and great, Mr. Rose’s part very beautiful indeed, and will be one of the great works of Claydon’ . Lit: Robinson’s letters were published in Archi­ tectural Review, June-September 1926, quoted by Christopher Hussey, E.C.H.: Early Georgian, 1955, p. 244. 1 7 6 2 CROOME COURT, WORCESTERSHIRE Plates I O 4 - I O 5 The Adam accounts preserved at the Coventry Estate Office, Earl’s Croome, mention Rose’s work with ‘Hopcraft’ at Croome d’Abitot Church. This is presumably John Hobcroft (or Hobcraft), the carpenter and builder (H.M . Colvin, A Bio­ graphical Dictionary of English Architects, 1954, p. 289). ‘May 1762— To mouldings at full size for the different cornices and mouldings of the ceiling for Messrs. Hopcraft & Rose’ . Lit: Geoffrey Beard, ‘Robert Adam at Croome Court’, The Connoisseur, cxxxn, October 1953, pp. 73-6; ‘The Croome Court Tapestry Room’, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York Bulletin, xvm , No. 3, November 1959, pp. 79-93. 1770-1 FISHERWICK, STAFFORDSHIRE Architect: Lancelot ‘Capability’ Brown. Destroyed in 1814. The Rose sketch-book contains: ‘North tower room at Lord Donegalls at Fisherwick 1770’ ‘Lord Donegall’s’ ‘Anty Room, Fisherwick. Staffs. Mr. Rose’s desine’ ‘South Tower Room, Fisherwick’ (coloured) ‘Dressing Room, 1771’ ‘Staircase ceiling, Mr. Rose’s desine’. Lit: Rose’s sketch-book. For Fisherwick see D. Stroud, Capability Brown> 1959; copy of 1814 Sale Catalogue, Birmingham Reference Library. 1765-70 HAREWOOD HOUSE, YORKSHIRE The Rose sketch-book contains: ‘April 16 1769— Sketch of part of ceiling and cover in the second drawing room att Harewood House’ ‘Best room ceiling, east end of Harewood House’ ‘Dining room ceiling, Harewood House, 1766’ ‘Room next dressing room, Harewood House’ ‘Dressing Room at East end of Harewood House’ ‘French couch room, Harewood House’ ‘A stone landing in the staircase at Harewood House, with plaister ornaments’

Select List o f Plasterers *1770- Part of Gallery ceiling at Harwood.5 ‘Room long 77 by 24’. (There is an Adam drawing of 1769 in the Soane Museum for this last ceiling.) Rose’s detailed account survives. He received a total sum of £2,829 17s od. The account (examined by Robert Adam) is signed by Joseph Rose, junior, ‘for the use of my uncle Joseph Rose’ on 7 August 1770. It reads:

| 241

By cash on acct reed of Mr. Popplewell 2085.13. 1770. July 13. By Mr. Lascelles Draught 300. Balance

2385.13. 444. 4.

2829.17 Plate I I I Architect: Robert Adam. Rose received £1,107 16s 8fd, as follows: Music room 192.19. 8. Drawing room 345. 6. 5J. Library 212. 7. i j . Portico 22.12. s b Hall 29. o. 6. Saloon 35. 7. 3^. Dining Room 270. 3. 3b Lit: Kedleston Archives Book 3 R fol. 64; The Rose sketch-book contains ‘Executed att Lord Scarsdales att Kedleston in the Hall, Deer 1775 by R. M ott’ (q.v.), Rose’s apprentice; ‘Hall frieze, K ed­ leston’; Connoisseur Yearbook, 1958. KENWOOD, MIDDLESEX Plate I I 2 Payments of £200 (4 August 1769) and £276 8s od (14 August 1772) are recorded in the 1st Earl of Mansfield’s account at Hoare’s Bank. It is, however, likely that Rose’s work at Kenwood amounted to much more than this but no plasterwork accounts survive (unless at Scone Palace?). The author is indebted to the Earl of Mansfield for kindly dis­ cussing with him the possibility of manuscripts surviving at Scone Palace. KEDLESTON, DERBYSHIRE

Stucco work done for Edward Lascelles Esq. p. Jos Rose. Jan/24th 1766 to March 10 1770 vizt. Dining room

224. 8.

Musick room Add to ditto extra work not in the first Estimate viz ornament panels over two doors & two ditto next Picture Frames

130. 3.

Library Great Hall Great staircase Mr. Lascelles Dressing Room 49 Mr. Lascelles Bed­ chamber 34 Lady’s dressing room 42 Occasional Dressing or Lodging Room 38 Study Portico ceiling Circular room exclusive of glass frames State bedchamber Principal Dressing room Ceiling & Cove of Salon Entablature & sides of ditto Drawing room next salon Second or great drawing room Great Gallery

221. 9. 333 206

35- 5-

165. 8.

163

53 20.10. 125.0. 128 152 158] 325 167 J 171.10.

KNIGHT HOUSE, WOLVERLEY, WORCESTERSHIRE

‘ 17 Jan., 1782. Jos Rose on Stucco work £50. 22 October, i782.Roseplaisteringinfull£3o8 Iis6d. 6 Sept., 1786. Jos. Rose on acct of Stuccoing £150/ Lit: Kidderminster Public Library, Knight Archives, Edward Knight notebooks, nos. 289-90. LONDON HOUSES AUDLEY SQUARE

235 335 2858. 5

8. 8

The Rose sketch-book contains: ‘Done at Lord Dam ley’s and Lord Delaware Audley Square.’ House for Lord Percy. Bill from Joseph Rose & Co., to Duke of Northumberland, detailed room by room. Received £145 10s ifd . Receipted 23 July 1779. Lit: Alnwick Castle, Muniment Room, U.I.46. BERKELEY SQUARE

20. 0 0° 00

Deduct from Honey­ suckles in the Great Drawing room from the Gallery the finishing over the Chimney not done

224. 8.

2829.17

The Rose sketch-book contains: ‘ 1781. M r. Thornhills in Berkley Square.’ ‘Lord Darnley in Berkley Square.5 1786-7 BURLINGTON GARDENS Rose replaced a plasterer called Pritchard.

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Lit: Survey of London, xxxn, 1963, pp. 463-6. CHANDOS STREET

The Rose sketch-book contains: Tn Chandos Street, Cavendish Square, Mr. Rose’s design.’ 1771-2 30 CURZON STREET Architect: Robert Adam for Hon. H .F.Thynne. The Rose sketch-book contains: ‘Domed ceiling at M r. Thyn’s in Curzon Street, Octob. 26 1772’. dr aper s’ c o m p a n y h a l l

Five drawings for ceilings were among Rose’s effects at his death and were sold at Christie’s on 12 April 1799, Lot 67. 19 (now 30) DOVER STREET Architect: Robert Adam. The Rose sketch-book contains: ‘Lord Ashbumham’s, Hay Hill.’ The house was altered for Lord Ashbumham, 1773-6.

1769: receipt signed John Bullivant, presumably a relative of Bartholomew Bullivant (q.v.) who was apprenticed to Rose in 1766. 11 July 1778-13 February 1779: received £239 14s 2^d for work done under Robert Adam. Receipts signed by Joseph Rose, junior, on 27 March and 24 April 1779. Lit: Essex County Record Office, Braybrooke Archives, D/DBy. NORTHUMBERLAND HOUSE

Architect: Robert Adam. The Rose sketch-book contains: ‘Dining Room at Northumberland House.’ The house was decorated for the Duke of Northum­ berland in 1770; it was destroyed in 1874. Payments to Rose occur in the archives at Alnwick Castle (MSS., U-I-25). THE PANTHEON

The Rose sketch-book contains: ‘ Sir George Warens in Grafton Street, Rose’s design.’

Architect: James Wyatt. The Rose sketch-book contains coloured sketches described as: ‘ornament above ye Pannells in ye Pantheon, att London, June 1770. Burnt in 1792.’ ‘Cottillion— Room in ye Pantheon 1770.’

GROSVENOR SQUARE

PORTLAND PLACE

The Rose sketch-book contains: ‘Lord Grimstons in Grosvenor Square, Mr. Rose’s design.’ ‘Groynd Ceiling. Ld. Stanleys.* ‘ Two ceilings at Ld. Stanleys, Grosvenor Square. July 1774. Adam’s design.’ In 1773-4 Adam built 23 (later 26) Grosvenor Square (Derby House) for Lord Stanley, later Earl of Derby; the house was destroyed in 1862. One of the six drawings in the Sir John Soane’s Museum for ceilings in this house has a note on it: ‘this is drawn at large and ready for M r. Rose’ . C. 1773-5 GROSVENOR SQUARE Architect: James Wyatt. Work for William Drake. Rose’s charge of £224 16s 7d is included in Wyatt’s ‘Abstract of Sundry Bills for Alteration and Repair done to a House in Grosvenor Square for Wm. Drake Esq’. Lit: Buckinghamshire. County Record Office; G. Eland (ed.) Shardeloes Papers, 1937, p. 135.

The Rose sketch-book contains: ‘Black Drg Room 16 Portland Place, M r. R ’s design. Done 1780.’ ‘No. 4 Portland Place, Rose’s design.’ No. 10 ‘At L d Stormont’s Portd Place 1776.’ ‘Done in several houses in Portland Place.’ 1776 20 PORTMAN SQUARE L it: Countess of Home’s account, Hoare’s Bank. (The author is indebted to D r Margaret Whinney for this information.) 3 st ja m e s’s sq u are House for the Marquess of Donegall. The Rose sketch-book contains: ‘At Lord Donegall in St. James Square. Mr. Roses desine.’ ‘Ld Donegall’s dineing room, St. James’s Square, Mr. Rose’s desine.’ ‘Pannell in drawing room ceiling, L d Donegalls, St. James Square.’ ‘Mr. Hobert’s Front Drawing room, St. James Square.’

GRAFTON STREET

MANSFIELD STREET

Architect: Robert Adam. The Rose sketch-book contains: ‘ Sir Edward Deerings, Mansfield Street.’ ‘at Lord Scarsdale, Mansfield Street.’ ‘Mr. Hobcraft’s desine done in Mansfield Street.’ 10

NEW BURLINGTON STREET

20 October 1764-8 March 1766: general repairs and plastering. Received £3 18s 4d. 9 July-20 August 1768: received £3 18s 4d. 26 August-2 September

15

ST JAMES’ S SQUARE

Architect: James Stuart. Rose worked here for Thomas Anson, for whom Stuart was working at his Staffordshire house, Shugborough. Lit: Survey of London, xxix, i960, p. 143. 20

ST JAMES’ S SQUARE

Architect: Robert Adam.

Select List o f Plasterers For work at the town house of Sir Watkin Williams Wynn in 1776-7 Rose received £2,684. The Rose sketch-book contains: ‘Groynd Ceiling at Sir Watkin William Wynn in St. James’s Square.’ ‘For Drawing room, Sir W .W . Wynn’s.’ ‘Back Drawing room at Sir W. Wynn.’ ‘Library, Sir W. Wynn.’ Lit: Wynn Archives, National Library of Wales; Connoisseur Yearbook, 1959. s t m a r t i n ’s l a n e

The Rose sketch-book contains: ‘Groynd ceiling and alcove head of window done for Mr. Hamilton, St. Martin’s Lane.’ SOMERSET HOUSE

1786-91 Received £1,188 4s 8d. Jobs as various as plastering apartments belonging to the Stamp Office ‘& Plaistering to the East Water Gate’. Lit: RIBA, Library, N S., 725.3; P.R.O., A.O.3/ 1244. SOUTHAMPTON ROW

The Rose sketch-book contains: ‘Duke of Bolton’s Southampton Row, London.’ OTHER WORK IN LONDON

The Rose sketch-book contains: ‘Done at Chelsea by W. end of Battersea Bridge for Mr. Hatchet.’ 1766 MERSHAM LE HATCH, KENT Architect: Robert Adam. Adam paid Rose direct for work at this house and then charged the sum in his own account to Sir Edward Knatchbull. In January 1766, Rose pre­ pared an estimate ‘for the Stucco, work of the Ceiling & sides of rooms on the Principal Story at Hatch House . . . made from Mr. Adam’s de­ signs’ . The estimate is detailed, and in reference to the Hall is as follows: ‘T o finish the Plain work ornaments & Mouldings in the Ceiling after the Design except within the small circle in the centre where instead of the Rose drawn is to be Sir Edwards Arms & instead of the roses in the small circles in the end panels is to be Sr Edwards crest— for the sum of £77.18.9.’ The Adam design (English Houses vi, Fig. 192) shows the roses which were changed finally for the Knatchbull heraldry. Below the ceiling the ‘full enrich’d Dorick Entablature as drawn at Large’ is to cost £49 14s 8d and those parts of doorcases and the upper part of chimneypieces not of wood but of composition are to be done for £54 15s 6d. The Great Drawing Room ceiling (English Homes vi, Fig. 198) is to cost £ 111 4s 8d. The frieze below it and the floating of the walls ‘for hangings or Paper’ come to £68 13s 6d. The work of the

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Great Dining Room (so called in the original plan, but ‘eating room’ in that of 1763) is estimated at £141 7s 3d. At the end of the estimate Sir Edward adds the note ‘sent by Mr. Adam’. The first pay­ ment to Rose was £50 on account in the following December. Lit: Kent County Record Office, Sir Edward Knatchbull’s account book, 1762-84. Included are five payments to ‘Mr. Rose. Plaisterer’. One is listed as ‘The Remnant’, the other four total £351 7s od. The dates are 11 December 1766; 2 and 9 November 1770; 15 November 1771; 1 April 1773. M ILTON ABBEY, DORSET

Lit: C. Life, 28 July 1966, p. 209. 1771 NEWBY, YORKSHIRE The Rose sketch-book contains: ‘Dining Room at Wm Weddles Esq., at Newby.’ ‘Hall ceiling Mr. Weddle at Newby.’ The date 1771 is incorporated in the plasterwork on the west wall of the Entrance Hall. Lit: Hugh Honour, ‘Newby Hall, Yorkshire’, Con­ noisseur, cxxxn, December 1954, pp. 246-51. 1766-77 NOSTELL PRIORY, YORKSHIRE Plate 106 Architect: Robert Adam. The statement of accounts which Rose sent to Sir Rowland Winn covers forty-nine pages. He received £1,822 3s od. On 25 March 1777, he was paid a first instalment of £1,013 12s 6d, and after much argument about an allowance to be made by Rose for the ‘outside Stucco on Riding House etc. which gave way’ he received a further £679 6s 9fd. Lit: For an analysis of Rose’s accounts and letters see The Nostell Collections. . . M.Brockwell, 1915, pp. 24-30, based on the Nostell Archives, C3/1/5, 4/2 and 4/9. PACKINGTON HALL, WARWICKSHIRE

Architect: Joseph Bonomi. Received £107. Lit: C. Life, 16 July 1970, p. 229. PADWORTH HOUSE, BERKSHIRE

This house was rebuilt in 1769 for Christopher Griffith by John Hobcroft (or Hobcraft). Hobcroft and Rose have been mentioned in connection with Croome Court, and in Rose’s sketch-book some of the designs are stated to be after Hobcroft. Sir William Mount and Air Robin Mount have kindly provided information about Padworth and Wasing Place (three miles away) built for John Mount in 1760. This latter house was badly destroyed by fire in the Second World War. Sir William re­ members that the bills were destroyed in the fire. We may reasonably assume that Rose did the plasterwork at these two houses.

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| Select List of Plasterers

RIDGELEY, STAFFORDSHIRE

Architect: James Wyatt. The Rose sketch-book contains: ‘Done at Ashton Curzon [Asheton Curzon] Esq., Ridgley, Staffs. Mr. Wyatt’s desinge in 1771/ 1792

SAFFRON WALDEN CHURCH, ESSEX

Between 31 May 1792 and December of the same year Rose was paid £96 12s 6d for work in the chancel. Lit: Braybrooke Papers, Essex County Record Office. SHARDELOES, BUCKINGHAMSHIRE

Architect: Robert Adam. Between 10 October 1761 and 19 February 1763, Rose received £1,139 18s od, receipted 10 August 1764. The account is detailed room by room and includes references to ‘An Ornamd. Ceiling as p. Estimate delivered to Mr. Adam’. Lit: Shardeloes Archives, Bucks., County Record Office; G. Eland, ed., Shardeloes Papers, 1937. SHUGBOROUGH, STAFFORDSHIRE

In a letter of 1766 at Shugborough, James Stuart says: ‘Rose thanks you for the money’. Hussey ascribes work in the Drawing Room and Library to Rose and notes that the coved ceiling of the Great Drawing Room was done under Samuel Wyatt c. 1795 by Rose for £800. It has now been established from documentation that some of the work here was done by Francesco Vassalli (q.v.), as attributed in the present author’s ‘Italian Stuccoists in England’, Apollo, July 1964, l x x x , p. 56. Lit: Christopher Hussey, E.C.H .: Early Georgian, 1955, p. 81. SLEDMERE, YORKSHIRE

As a result of Rose’s friendship with the Sykes family— his Self-portrait is still at the house— he assisted in designing the decorative work for Sir Christopher Sykes at Sledmere (1788-90) and carried out the plasterwork. Tw o volumes of his sketches are preserved at Sledmere. The plasterwork was destroyed by fire in 1911 and was subse­ quently restored by G. Jackson & Sons, Ltd., to Rose’s original designs. 1762 and after s y o n h o u s e , M i d d l e s e x Architect: Robert Adam. No bill has been traced, but the earl of Northumber­ land (as he then was) wrote to Adam on 4 November 1763: ‘I am glad you have altered some of the Brass mouldings for the Drawing Room chimney piece which I expect will now be finished in a short time and that Mr. Rose will get the ceiling of that room complete before the Frost comes on, so that it may have Time to dry fit to be gilt early in the

spring, by which Time I hope the Paintings will be ready to be fixed up’. Lit: Northumberland Archives, Alnwick Castle, Library, Vo. xciv, pp. 44-5, rough draft of the letter. Work unexecuted: The Rose sketch-book contains: ‘ 1779 Mr. Rose’s design for Judge Wills but not executed.’ Work unspecified: 9 March 1777: ‘To Rose, Plaisterer £ 114.’ Lit: Earl of Harrowby Archives, account-book 337. Work attributed: C. I 7 7 O ROKEBY, YORKSHIRE

Dining Room for Sir Thomas Robinson, who employed the Rose firm at Claydon. FARNLEY HALL, YORKSHIRE

Family tradition ascribes the plasterwork here to Rose. John Carr added a new wing to the house for Walter Fawkes in 1786, and by this time both Carr’s favourite plasterers, Giuseppe Cortese and James Henderson, were dead. Lit: Christopher Hussey, E.C.H.: Mid-Georgian, 1956, p. 217. C. I79O WOOLLEY PARK, YORKSHIRE Lit: Leeds Arts Calendar, no. 68, 1971, p. 12. Rose, William (d 10 April 1829) Submitted bills at Audley End, Essex (see list above). If this is William, the son of Joseph Rose, senior, he entered the Church and was for fifty-two years Rector of Carshalton, Surrey. There is a monumental tablet in the church. Ross, Daniel (fl. 1738-9) 1738-9 YESTER HOUSE, EAST LOTHIAN Worked at the house for 161 days, 1738-9, as apprentice to Joseph Enzer (q.v.). Lit: Enzer’s account-book, Yester House archives. Rothwell, James (fl. 1765-87) 1787 MARINE PAVILION, BRIGHTON Received £272. Lit: Henry Roberts, Royal Pavilion, Brighton, 1939, p. 28. Rothwell, Thomas (fl. 1765-69) 1765-9 HAREWOOD HOUSE, YORKSHIRE Assisted by his son James. They were in partnership with James Henderson (q.v.). Lit: R. B. Wragg, York Georgian Society Report, 1:955-6, p. 59; Mary Mauchline, Harewood House, 1974 PPo 68-9.

Select List o f Plasterers Rowe (Widow) {fl. 1681-2) 1681-2 ST BRIDE’ S, FLEET STREET, LONDON Vestry Minutes: 7 March 1681/2. ‘Churchwardens to employ a Plasterer for the plasterwork of the New Gallery and to let Widow Rowe who is an inhabitant of the Parish with her assistants and servants to have the doing of the same.’ Lit: Wren Soc., xix, p. 13. Rule, John {fl. 1830-99) O f a firm established in Sunderland in 1830. Worked in fibrous plaster and also did granolithic and fireproof floors and scagliola. A M r Rule of Durham mastered the method of Gothic plasterwork at Ravensworth Castle, Durham, designed in 1808 by John Nash. Lit: W. Millar, Plastering, Plain and Decorative, 1899, p. 141 and adverts p. vi. St Michele, John Baptist {fl, 1734) 1734

ST BARTHOLOMEW’ S HOSPITAL, LONDON

Architect: James Gibbs. St Michele received £160 for the Great Hall, and a further £32 16s od. Lit: Hospital Archives, Ha, 19/5/1. Sampson, John {fl, 1673-71) 1 6 7 3 THIRLESTANE CASTLE, BERWICKSHIRE

Received £229 for work at various of the Earl of Lauderdale’s Scottish properties. Lit: Thirlestane Castle M SS., Scottish Record Office. l 6 8 l YESTER HOUSE, EAST LOTHIAN

Unspecified work, for which he received £13 17s 4d. Lit: Yester House M SS., Scottish Record Office. Sefton, Thomas {fl. mid-eighteenth century) ‘Thomas Sefton, plasterer at Newcastle, the same man who did Mr. M ill’s house lately and is recom­ mended by him as a very honest careful man.’ Lit: Harrowby Archives (Sandon), Nathaniel Ryder’s notebooks, No. 67.

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Lit: A. Leinhard-Riva, Armoriale Ticinese, Lausanne, 1945, PP. 441-2. 1727-8 BRAMHAM PARK, YORKSHIRE Mentioned in the owner Robert Benson’ s bank account (Hoare’s Bank) as ‘Carlo Sereney’. Lit: C. Life, 27 February 1958, p. 401; bank account cited. Serena, Francesca Leone (1700-after 1729) Born at Arogno, near Lugano, Switzerland, on 5 November 1700, and baptized there on 6 November. One of three sons of Domenico Serena and Giulia Cozzi. There is no record of his death. His son ( ?) Giovanni Battista Serena died at Arogno on 28 October 1774, aged forty-seven and is described as ‘son of the late Francesco Serena’ . Lit: A. Leinhard-Riva, Armoriale Ticinese, 1945; Registers at Arogno, 6 November 1700, and 28 October 1774. Serena is said to have worked at the Abbey of Ottobeuren, presumably under the stuccoist Joseph Anton Feuchtmayer (1696-1770), and at the Landhaus, Innsbruck. Lit: Thieme-Becker; Hugo Schnell, Ottobeuren, Munich, 1950, p. 22. 1725

DITCHLEY, OXFORDSHIRE

Worked with Giuseppe Artari and Francesco Vassalli. Lit: Oxford County Record Office, Dillon M SS., I/p/3h. 1 7 2 9 CAVENDISH SQUARE, LONDON

Received £30 for a knot-work ceiling done for James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos. Lit: Baker, Brydges, pp. 199, 277 fn. Shann, Robert {fl. 1709-10) Official o f the Worshipful Company of Plaisterers. 1709 Upper Warden. 1710 Master. Lit: London, Guildhall Library, M S., 6122/3. Shepherd, Edward ( ?-i747) According to Vertue (111, p. 51), Shepherd began his working life as a plasterer. Better known as an architect (Colvin).

Sellar, — {fl. 1710) 1710

CASTLE HOWARD, YORKSHIRE

Acted as labourer to Bagutti and Plura (q.v.). Lit: Castle Howard Archives, Building Book, 17021720. Serena, Carlo Ferdinando {fl. 1727-8) Worked in England with his brother Francesco (see below).

Shepherd, John {fl. 1720-30) Brother of Edward, above. Subscribed to 2nd edition of Leoni’s Palladio. 1720

HANOVER SQUARE, LONDON

Sir Theodore Janssen’s House. Received £26 7s od. Lit: Inventories of the South Sea Company, Vol. 2, 1721.

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| Select L ist of Plasterers

1728 Employed by James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos in London. Lord Chandos accused him in 1730 of being ‘drunk from morning to night5 and said that he had ‘never minded the workmen5 at Shaw Hall, Berkshire. Lit: Baker, Brydges, p. 370. A John Shepheard worked under John Grove II during the Office of Works preparations for William I l l ’s Coronation. L it: P.R.O., Works, 5/43. Sherw ood, John {fl. late seventeenth century) Worked extensively in the Wren City churches. See the list in Wren Soc., x. Mentioned in Robert Hooke’s Diary (1935 ed.), pp. 14-15, 180, 229, 320, 338, 401. Sherw ood, Thomas {fl. late seventeenth century)

Sm ith , William {fl. 1698) One of the contestants for the job of Plaisterer to Christ’s Hospital, Newgate Street, 1698. Lit: Wren Soc., xi, p. 70. Sn are, Quintin {fl. c. 1730) A York bricklayer and plasterer mentioned in the 1730s in the Ordinance Book of the Bricklayers’ Tilers and Plasterers, 1721-52 (York Minster Library, BB5). 1732-3 ASSEMELY ROOMS, YORK Received £8 n s od for Stucco modillions flowered with Roses for the Entablature of the Circular Room (June 1732). Plain stuccoed the front of the building and under the portico at 8d a yard (23 June 1733). Lit: York Reference Library, Assembly Room Minute Book, 1729-58, pp. 58-9.

ALL HALLOWS THE GREAT, LONDON

Lit: Wren Soc., x, p. 47. Sim m on s, Robert {fl. 1660) 1660 THE TOWER, LONDON Worked under John Grove. Lit: P.R.O., Works, 5/1, November 1660. Sm ith , Abraham {fl. 1581-99) O f some twenty-one plasterers who worked on the old Chatsworth and the old and new Hardwick Halls, Derbyshire, Smith was the most talented. He probably came from Ashford in the same county and worked continuously over almost twenty years for Elizabeth, Countess of Shrewsbury, ‘Bess of Hardwick5. He was responsible for the frieze and cornice in the Great Chamber at Hardwick, 1599 (Plates 1, 6). Lit: Basil Stallybrass, ‘Bess of Hardwick’s Buildings and Building Accounts’, Archaeologia, l x i v , 1913, pp. 376, 377, 397. C. Life, 22 November 1973, p. 1670. Sm ith , Samuel {fl. 1710-24) In 1724, at the age of fourteen, Smith was ap­ prenticed to Isaac Mansfield (q.v.) ‘of St James, Westminster, Plasterer’ in the sum of £ 10. Lit: London, Guildhall Library, Boyd’s Index to Apprenticeship Registers. Another plasterer named Samuel Smith was work­ ing in 1720-1 at Pur ley Hall, Berkshire, and was paid 10 guineas. Lit: Typewritten sheet of Building Accounts, 17201721 (source unspecified) preserved at Purley Hall. (The author is indebted to D r Peter Willis for this information.)

Snow, William {fl. 1762-6) 1762-6 BOWOOD, WILTSHIRE Architect: Robert Adam. Received £294. Some work in Cube Room; sub­ contractor for Henry Holland. Lit: Bowood Archives. (The author is indebted to M r J.R.Hickish, the Bowood Agent, for this information.) Stanley, Charles (Simon Carl) (1703-61) Born in Copenhagen of English parents on 12 December 1703. In 1718 he joined the sculptorstuccoist J. C. Sturmberg and worked at Fredensborg Castle. In 1727, after study in Amsterdam under Jan van Logteren, he left for England and joined the sculptors Peter Scheemakers and Laurent Delvaux. He signed monuments to Thomas Maynard at Hoxne, Suffolk (1742) and the Maynard family at Little Easton, Essex (1746). He married firstly Mrs Anne Allen on 21 May 1730, at East­ bourne Parish Church, and secondly Magdalene Margrethe Lindemann on 2 August 1737. He worked until the summer of 1746 in England and then left hastily for Denmark where he had been invited by Frederick V to become Court Sculptor, a post he held until his death on 17 Feb­ ruary 1761. His second wife outlived him (d 1763), and his son by this marriage, Carl Frederick Stanley, a sculptor by profession, died at Copenhagen in 1813. His plasterwork in England presents a confused story. An attempt to explain his career here will be found in chapter V. Lit: A. F. Biisching, Nackrichten von den Kilnsten, ill, 1757, pp. 193-200: Ogveke Helsted

Select List o f Plasterers Wellbachs Kunstlerlexikon, ill, 1952, pp. 262-4, and entries cited therein; Gunnis, pp. 365-6; K .A . Esdaile, C. Life, 2 October and 11 December 1937; Times Literary Supplement, 3 April 1937. C. 1740 LANGLEY PARK, NORFOLK Plate 7 5 ‘ Saloon, Alto Relievo in Stucco, Stanley.3 Lit: Neale’s Seats . . ., in, 1823. 1744

RADCLIFFE CAMERA, OXFORD

Architect: James Gibbs. On 5 March 1744, Stanley received £232 18s iod. The bill was witnessed by Thomas Roberts (q.v.) and is headed ‘Plaisterers work done for the Honble Trustees at Dr Radcliffe’s Library, Per Charles Stanley & Thos Roberts’ . Lit: ‘The Building Accounts of the Radcliffe Camera, Oxford’, ed, S .G . Gillam, Oxford His­ torical Society, xiii, i953-4> (1958). C. 1745 OKEOVER, STAFFORDSHIRE Plate 74 ‘One thing we must allow of him [Stanley] is your ceiling is well done and cheap.’ Lit: Letter from Joseph Sanderson to Leak Okeover, 9 December 1746 (House archives). Attributed work: 1728-9 COMPTON PLACE, EASTBOURNE, SUSSEX Plates 68, 70 Architect: Colin Campbell. Stanley was presumably one of four plasterers working under the supervision of John Hughes (q.v.). Lit: Geoffrey Beard, Georgian Craftsmen and their Work, 1966, pp. 32-3; see also chapter V. C. 1745 KIRTLINGTON, OXFORDSHIRE Plates 72> 73 Lit: Geoffrey Beard: Georgian Craftsmen and their Work, 1966, p. 34; Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, Bulletin, March 1956; K.A.Esdaile, C. Life, 2 October and 11 December 1937. Stanley is also said to have worked at Barnsley Park, Gloucestershire; Hall Place, Maidenhead; Honington Hall, Warwickshire; Easton Neston, Northamptonshire; and Stratton Park, Hampshire. There is no exact evidence to connect him with any of these houses. The panels at Honington are ad­ mittedly similar to those at Langley Park, and Stratton was originally designed by John Sanderson, a possible relative of the Joseph Sanderson who wrote to Leak Okeover (see above). Stanyon, Abraham {ft, 1657-8) Fined for taking the work of a carpenter, 13 October 1657. Master of the Worshipful Company of Plaisterers, 1657-8. Lit: Guildhall Library, London, M SS., 6122/2; 6126.

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S ta vea cre, J. {ft, 1708-10) 1 7 0 8 - 1 0 ST PAUL’ S CATHEDRAL, LONDON

Worked under Chrysostom Wilkins. Lit: Wren Soc., xv, pp. 169, 196. Steede, Miles {ft. 1654) Official of the Worshipful Company of Plaisterers. 1654 Master. Lit: London, Guildhall Library, M S., 6122/2. Stevenson, John (d 1692) His will is P.C.C. 1692, fol. 118. Stocking, Thomas, senior (1722-1808) Practised in Bristol and the south-west, where his reputation was equal to that of the Rose family. He applied for permission as a free burgess at Bristol on 29 September 1762, and became one on 20 July 1763, by vote of the Common Council and the payment of eight guineas. He may have been influenced by Joseph Thomas (q.v.). It has perhaps not been previously noted that his son Thomas was apprenticed to him. ‘Thomas Stocking, son of Thomas Stocking of Bristol. Tyler & Plaister put to his said father and Mary his wife for 7 years. 21 Janry 1765.’ (Bristol Apprentices Book, 1764-77, p. 23). He was joined in about 1790 by Robert Harding, who carried on the business when Stocking retired. He died on 10 September 1808. Felix Farley's Bristol Journal, 17 September 1808, records in its obituaries: ‘ Same day [i.e, 10 September] having borne with fortitude a lingering and painful illness, M r Thomas Stocking of this city, aged 86; a man greatly esteemed and respected by all who knew him.’ Apart from his son, Stocking had another apprentice, Thomas Dennis, who was put to him for the usual seven years on 31 May 1786. Stocking did the plasterwork at The Royal Fort, Arno’s Court and St Nicholas’s Church. His most important commission was, however, at Corsham Court, Wiltshire. M r Methuen’s Day Book shows that between 1763-6 Stocking was paid £ 570. It is possible that £390 of this wTas for the very fine Long Gallery ceiling, completed in about 1765. Stocking must have been responsible for much work in the south-west, and work at Midford Castle, Somerset (C. Life, 3-10 March 1944), is attributed to him. Lit: W .Ison, Georgian Buildings of Bristol, pp. 44-5; Bristol Apprentices Book, 1764-77. S to rey, — {ft, 1710) 1710 CASTLE HOWARD,

YORKSHIRE

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Labourer to Bagutti and Plura (q.v.). Lit: Castle Howard Archives, Building Books. Summers, — (,fl. 1670) 1670 ST MICHAEL, CORNHILL, LONDON Lit: Wren Soc., xix, p. 46; x, p. 124. Sw an, — (fl. c. 1755) C. 1755 WATLINGTON PARK, OXFORDSHIRE

free of the Worshipful Company of Plaisterers, 23 April 1658. Arthur was Master of the Company in 1663. Lit: Guildhall Library, London, M SS., 6122/2. Tooley, John (fl. 1702-3) Official of the Worshipful Company of Plaisterers. 1702-3 Master. Lit: Guildhall Library, London, 6122/3.

Lit: Information from M r J. A. Kenworthy-Browne. Symonds, Richard (fl. 1705) 1705 HILL COURT, HEREFORDSHIRE Lit: C. Life, 27 January 1966. Bills at house. Tenton, Henry (fl. 1670-1) 1670 WHITEHALL PALACE, LONDON Worked under John Grove II. Lit: P.R.O., Works, 5/15, June 1670. Thackham, James (fl. 1689) 1689 HAMPTON COURT, MIDDLESEX One of the plasterers working under John Grove II. Lit: P.R.O., Works, 5/55, April-May 1689. Thomas, Joseph (before 1730-77) Tiler and plasterer of Bristol. Admitted a free burgess on 21 September 1730, being the son of a freeman. In September 1740, was living at 5 Guinea Street, Bristol. The ceiling of 15 Orchard Street may be by Thomas. He died on 6 May 1777. His name does not appear in the Bristol Apprenticeship Books. 1748-50 CLIFTON HILL HOUSE, BRISTOL Received £406. Lit: W .Ison, Georgian Buildings of Bristol, I952. P198. Attributed work: 1752 UPTON, TETBURY, GLOUCESTERSHIRE; Hall Thompson, J. (fl. 1708-10) 1708-10 ST PAUL’ S CATHEDRAL, LONDON Worked under Chrysostom Wilkins. Lit: Wren Soc., xv, pp. 169, 196. Thorpe, James (fl. 1788-9) 1788-9 SOMERSET HOUSE, LONDON Provided composition ornaments for chimneypieces at Somerset House. Received £61 9s iod. Lit: London, RIBA, Library M S., 725.121 (B3); P.R.O. AO3/1244. Toogood, Arthur (fl. 1650-63) His son Henry was apprenticed to him and was

Tucke, Anthony (fl. 1665) Possibly father or brother of Richard Tucke (see below). May have been the second husband of John Grove’s mother. 1665 He worked under John Grove I at Hampton Court, Middlesex. Lit: P.R.O., Works, 5/7, September 1665-6. W ill of John Grove I, P.C.C. 29 March 1676. Tucke, Richard (fl. 1668-1700) Tucke’s name appears frequently in the AccountBooks of the Office of Works as one of the plasterers working under the supervision of John Grove II. He is noted in 1668 at Whitehall, in 1680 at The Tower and in 1689 at Hampton Court, and in 1689 he was one of the plasterers engaged by Grove to prepare work for the coronation of William III. Lit: P.R.O., Works, 5/12; 5/33; 5/43; 5/55. etc. Vassalli, Francesco (fl. 1724-63) One of a family long settled at Riva St Vitale, near Lugano. Although little is known of him, and whilst it is difficult to decide if his late work was done by, or in collaboration with ‘John Vassalli’, there is little doubt of his talent. There seems to have been a connection with Thomas Clayton (see chapter VII). 1 724 SUTTON SCARSDALE, DERBYSHIRE Architect: Francis Smith. Destroyed c. 1919. Lit: Rising-plate at house; text in Colvin, p. 552; C. Life, 15 February 1919, p. 171. 1725 DITCHLEY, OXFORDSHIRE Architect: James Gibbs. Lit: Oxford County Record Office, Dillon M SS., I/p/3h. 1 7 3 0 ASKE HALL, RICHMOND, YORKSHIRE

The Hall and five other rooms. Lit: Letter from Vassalli 7 December 1730 (see chapter V). 1730-1 TOWNELEY HALL, BURNLEY, LANCASHIRE Plate 54 This example, documented as Vassali’s work, is also in other northern houses and suggests that the

Select List o f Plasterers stuccoist moved from one house to the other. Great Hall, Assisted by Martino Quadry. Received £126. Staircase. Received £21. Lit: Lancashire County Record Office, M S., D D T O Q/10. 1736-7 CASTLE HOWARD, YORKSHIRE Temple of the Four Winds. ‘ Given to Varcelli for drawing a design for ye finishing ye Temple in Stuco & artificial Marble [scagliola] £ 2.02.0.’ Lit: Castle Howard Archives, 3rd Earl of Carlisle’s Notebook, 1736. 1737 May. To M r Vasally on A ccot of working at y e inside of ye Temple by recept. 42. 0. 0. T o Do on the same Accot 3i-io. 0. T o Do 5- 5- 0. T o Do 5- 5- 0. 1738-9 To M r Vassalli ye Ballance of his Acct for work done at ye Temple as by Receipt M r Vasallei Agremt 36.15. 0. for finishing ye inside of ye Temple 141.15. 0. Pd at London 21. 0. 0. 120.15. o. Pd at Castle Howard Dec. 1737 84. o. o. Pd Balance to Vassali by rect. 36.15. o. 1751-2 TRENTHAM, STAFFORDSHIRE Now destroyed. Work in ‘M y Lords DrawingRoom’ . Received £57 2s od. Lit: Staffs County Record Office, Trentham M SS.; C. Life, 25 January 1968, p. 178. 1753

PETWORTH, SUSSEX

Unspecified work. Lit: House archives (listed by National Register of Archives). 1758 HAGLEY HALL, WORCESTERSHIRE Plate 98 Architect: Sanderson Miller. White Hall. Panel over fireplace, signed bottom left by Vassalli. Salon, now Dining Room. Ceiling and walls, roundels, swags and trophies emblematical of the interests of Sir George Lyttel­ ton, for whom the house was built and decor­ ated. 1758-9 CROOME COURT, WORCESTERSHIRE A ‘John Vassalli’, who may be the same as or a relative of Francesco, received various sums in 17581759, the work being measured in October, 1760. There are two receipts at the Estate Office signed by Vassalli (28 July 1758, £50; 8 October 1759, £50). The measured work amounted to £247 10s 4£d, and special work in addition, including ornaments

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in the stone staircase and ‘y e Salon according to my desinge, £47 15s.’. There is another bill, un­ signed, but in a very similar hand which reads: ‘Stucco work by hand & Plaisterers work done for y e Rt Honble Earl of Coventry at Croom, Worcester­ shire, 1761. Measured work £247. 4. 7J. Ornaments by hand ceiling of drawing-room £40. o. o. ceiling of dining-room £36. o. 0. wall, ornaments, dining-room 44. o. o. ceiling of vestibule, passage 19.10. o. other 159.10. o 299. o. o.’ This work would have been largely swept away by Joseph Rose, junior, (1746-99) when working for Robert Adam. (The author is indebted to Dr Damie Stillman for some of this information.) 1763 SHUGBOROUGH, STAFFORDSHIRE Plate 99 Dining Room; Library. Lit: ‘Versalli’s Stucco here is twice as good as his Performances at Hagley not to mention the Superi­ ority of the Designs . . .’ Philip Yorke, later 2nd Earl of Hardwicke, to his father, 20, 21 August 1763, B.M . Add. M S., 35351, f.406. Attributed work: In view of Vassalli’s work in Lancashire it is possible that he was responsible for work at Knowsley; Burrow Hall; Croxteth; the Music Pavilion, Sim Street, Lancaster (Plates 63, 64), and for the vanished Leoni houses, Bold Hall and Lathom, completed in about 1731. The Ballroom at Lumley Castle, Co. Durham (Plate 61), has similarities with his style. The Hagley trophies (Plate 98) bear resemblance to those at Hatton Grange, Shropshire (C. Life, 29 February 1968, p. 467), and Highnam Court, Gloucestershire (C. Life, 12 M ay 1950). The late Sir Charles Trevelyan maintained that Vassalli worked at Wallington, Northumberland, but confirmation has now been found that the Wallington work is by the Franchini brothers (q.v.). W alker, Thomas (fl. 1705) Official of the Worshipful Company of Plaisterers. 1705 Master. Lit: London, Guildhall Library, M S., 6122/3. W ard, Matthew (fl. 1762) 1762 FAIRFAX HOUSE, YORK ‘For 9 roses under the stairs. 1762. £2.0.6.’ Lit: Leeds, Yorkshire Archaeological Society Library, Newburgh Archives.

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W atson, Grace (fl. 1775) 1775

BERKELEY SQUARE, LONDON

House of Robert Child. General Plastering. Received £6.7.6. Lit: Victoria & Albert Museum (Dept, of Furniture and Woodwork), Osterley Archives. W eath erill (Wetherill), Robert (fl. late seventeenth century-1717) 1682, 1690 ST CHARLES THE MARTYR, TUNBRIDGE WELLS

Worked with Henry Doogood (q.v.). Together they received £190. Lit: Marcus Whiffen, Stuart and Georgian Churches, 1952, p. 143GREENWICH HOSPITAL, LONDON

Asked to be employed on work there. Lit: Wren Soc., vi, pp. 31, 56, 58, 62, 63. BLENHEIM PALACE, OXFORDSHIRE

Lit: David Green, Blenheim Palace, 1951, pp. 61,104, 128. 1716 HAMPTON COURT, MIDDLESEX Submitted proposals with David Lance to carry out work in certain apartments. Lit: P.R.O., Works, 4/1, 6 March 1716. W ellings, — (fl. 1775) Refused admission to the Painter Stainers’ Company in February 1775. Lit: W. A.D.Englefield, History of the Painter Stainers’ Company of London, 1923, p. 175, fn. W enham , William (fl. 1808-9) 1808-9 CLIFTON CASTLE, YORKSHIRE Architect: John Foss. Lit: Sir John Cowell’s notes about the building. (The author is indebted to M r Howard Colvin for this information.) W eston, Ned (fl. 1738-43) Assistant to John Woolston (q.v.). Fell from scaffolding while working on the plaster royal arms at the 1738-43 restoration of Lamport Church, Northamptonshire. Lit: C. Life, 10 October 1952, p. 1108. W harton, Thomas (fl. 1660) 1660 THE TOWER, LONDON Worked under John Grove. Lit: P.R.O., Works, 5/1, November 1660. W hatson, William (fl. c. 1728-42) 1742 Apprenticed at the age of fourteen to Thomas Perritt (q.v.) of York.

Lit: York Reference Register, 1721-56.

Library,

Apprenticeship

W hite, Alexander (fl. 1620-30) C. 1630 THE BINNS, LINLITHGOW Plate 124 Lit: Bills at house. W hite, John (fl. 1627) £100 was paid to ‘John Quhytte’ in 1627 at Winton Castle, East Lothian. He is also credited with work at Moray House, Canongate, Edinburgh. Lit: Jourdain, 1926, p. 35. W hite, Thomas (fl. 1764-9) O f London. 1764-9 MANOR HOUSE, M ILTON, BERKSHIRE Entries from surviving account-book. Lit: C . Life, 24 December 1948. W hitehead, James (fl. 1773-80) 1773-80 BARNS HOUSE, PEEBLESSHIRE Lit: Scottish Record Office, Burnet of Barns M SS., Box 17, Bundle 40. (The author is indebted to M r John G. Dunbar for this information.) W hitehead, John (fl. 1750s) 1753 EDGECOTE, NORTHAMPTONSHIRE Received £581 17s 6d. Lit: Tipping, Early Georgian, p. 298; Jourdain, 1926, p. xiii. 1754-6 BRAXTED LODGE, ESSEX Received £88. Lit: Essex County Record Office, D /D D CA 13, f.118. (The author is indebted to Miss Nancy Briggs for this reference.) 1758-9 SOHO SQUARE, LONDON Architect: Thomas Dade. Worked for Sir William Robinson at two houses. His detailed bill shows he received £466 9s ojd. Lit: Leeds Reference Library, Newby Hall Archives, 2785A. W ilkins, Chrysostom (fl. early eighteenth century) Was in charge of many plasterers at St Paul’s Cathedral. He was fined in 1700 for arrears of quarterage by the Worshipful Company of Plaisterers. His name appears in the subscribers’ list to the 2nd edition of Leoni’s Palladio. He worked for Nicholas Hawksmoor at St Anne, Limehouse; St George, Wapping; St Mary, Woolnoth; and for Gibbs at St Mary le Strand. He worked at St John Horsley down, which was gutted in 1940 and partly demolished in 1948. He was at St Martin-in-the-

Select L ist o f Plasterers Fields where Bagutti was the stuccoist. In 1709 he was fined for bad materials and workmanship. Lit: Colvin, p. 231; Colvin, Arch. Rev., March 1950; London, Guildhall Library (Worshipful Company of Plaisterers), M S., 6122/3; 6126, 8 August 1709.

| 251

1722 STANMER, SUSSEX Architect: Nicholas Dubois. Entrance Hall. Lit: Hussey, E.C.H.: Early Georgian, p. 56. C. I7 4 O FOUNDLING HOSPITAL, LONDON

Lit: L.T urner, Decorative Plasterwork in Great Britain, 1927, p. 224, pi 299. Wilkins, John 1765 LINLEY HALL, SHROPSHIRE Was employed with his brother ( ?) Chrysostom by Worked with Thomas Collins (q.v.), his apprentice. Gibbs. Lit: Bill at house. (The author is indebted to M r 1714- 17 ST MARY LE STRAND, LONDON Howard Colvin and Colonel J.H.Busby for this Lit: Colvin, p. 231. Little, Gibbs, p. 37. information.) 1715- 23 s t g e o r g e , w a p p i n g , L o n d o n (St George Attributed work: in the East) C. 1750 FIRLE PLACE, SUSSEX Architect: Nicholas Hawksmoor. Library. Lit: Colvin, Arch. Rev., March 1950. Lit: C. Life, 3 March 1955, pp. 621-2. Wilkins, William O f St Benedict’s Parish, Norwich. His son was William Wilkins (1751-1815), the architect. Lit: Colvin, p. 673. Wilkinson, Richard (fl. 1767) 1767 Subscribed to James Paine’s Plans. . . of Noblemen and Gentlemen's Houses. . . . Williams, — QH. 1726) 1726 CANNONS, MIDDLESEX Worked for James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos. Lit: Baker, Brydges, p. 149 fn. Williams, Charles (fl. late sixteenth century) See chapter III for mentions of him in letters at Longleat. Wilmott, Humphrey (fl. 1750-73) C. 1750 MANSION HOUSE, LONDON Worked with George Fewkes (q.v.). 1761 In this year Wilmott was fined 42s ‘for bad and imperfect workmanship in the Cleansing and Whitening of the plaisterers work by him done . . . [at] the Guildhall of the City of London.’ Lit: Guildhall Library, London, M S. 6126, 5 August 1761. 1767 His son John was bound to him as an ap­ prentice. Lit: Guildhall Library, Boyd’s Index to Apprentice­ ship Registers. 1772-3 Wilmott was Upper Warden and Master of the Worshipful Company of Plaisterers. Wilton, William (fl. 1722-65) Father of the sculptor. He died on 27 January 1768, and is buried at Wanstead, Essex. Lit: Parish Registers. Information from Colonel J.H. Busby.

Wolstenholme, Thomas (c. 1759-1812) O f York. His nephew John was a wood-carver who worked extensively at York Minster. Thomas made his name as a maker of composition plaster. His houses at 3/5 Gillygate, York (built in 1797) have the ornament in most rooms and on the facade. The composition has been found in several houses in York and district, such as 53/5 Micklegate and Ripley Castle. Lit: David Black in York Georgian Society Report, 1968-9; R.C.H .M . volume City of York, vol. I l l , 1972, p . l x x x v . The author is indebted to M r Black, Major J.D . Williams, M r John Harvey and D r Eric Gee for sharing the result of their researches made on behalf of the Royal Commission on His­ torical Monuments. Wood, John (fl. 1782) 1782 COURT HOUSE, NORTHALLERTON Architect: John Carr. Lit: R.B.W ragg, York Georgian Society Report, 1955-6. p. 60. Wood, Joseph (fl. 1778) Freeman of York, 1778. Lit: Surtees Society, Vol. 102. Woolston, John (fl. 1738-40) O f Northampton. Became an Alderman of the town. 1738 LAMPORT, NORTHAMPTONSHIRE Plasterwork in the Music Hall and over the stair­ case; Library ceiling. Lit: Northants County Record Office, Isham Archives, M .D.W hinney, Arch. Jnl., 1953, cx, p. 205: C. Life, 3 October 1952, p. 1023.

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| Select L ist o f Plasterers

1740 LAMPORT CHURCH, NORTHAMPTONSHIRE Interior classicised to designs of William Smith. Lit: Whinney, Arch. Jnl., 1953* cx, p. 206. Attributed work: EASTON NESTON, NORTHAMPTONSHIRE

Dining Room. Lit: Whinney, Arch. Jnl., 1953, cx, p. 210. ALTHORP, NORTHAMPTONSHIRE

Work in the Entrance Hall, c. 1733. W orrall, George (fl. 1724-61) Possibly the son of William Worrall (see below). Was Master Plasterer, Office of Works, from 17 March 1724/5-1761. DRAYTON HOUSE, NORTHAMPTONSHIRE

Chapel. Lit: Drawing with attached bill (Coke M SS. Melbourne, Derbyshire.) The author is indebted to M r Edward Saunders and M r Gervase JacksonStops for this reference; C. Life, xxxi, p. 944; N. Stopford Sackville, Drayton, 1949. W orrall, William ( ?-c. 1690) O f St Giles, Cripplegate without London. During his lifetime accumulated enough money to purchase estates and endow by will a London charity. Lit: East Sussex County Record Office, Add. M S., 3573.

W right, John, and others A John Wright of Southwark was apprenticed to James Ellis (q.v.) on 2 April 1703 (Guildhall Library, M S., 6122/3), and another of this name was apprenticed to Joseph Rose, senior, in 1753 for seven years. Rose was then living at Doncaster. Lit: London, Guildhall Library, Boyd’s Index to Apprenticeship Registers.

The John Wright who worked at Stanford Hall, Leicestershire, in 1743 and received £270 12s id may have been a relative. It is difficult to believe they were the same in view of the apprenticeship dates. Lit: C. Life> 11 December 1958, p. 1410. A John Wright worked for John Thorold at Syston Hall, Lincolnshire, and received £391 16s 9d, although he charged £398 17s 6d. Lit: Lincolnshire County Record Office, Thorold Archives, VI/III/5. A ‘M r Wright’ described as ‘the ornament man’, ‘ornament plasterer’ and ‘Stocco’ was employed by James Paine at Thorndon Hall, Essex, in 1768, and Thomas Wright was fined for using bad material at the Grocers’ Hall in 1771. Lit: Essex County Record Office, Petre Archives, D/DPA58 (the author is indebted to Miss Nancy Briggs for the Thorndon information); Guildhall Library, London, M S., 6122/3; 6126, 5 August illi. W right, Thomas {fl. 1657-62) 1662 LONDON ‘Mended the frett ceding in the Queen’s Chappell’, etc. Received £67 9s od. Lit: Public Record Office, E351/3276; P.R.O., Works, 5/3. Wright was fined in September 1657, for keeping four apprentices instead of two, as the Worshipful Company of Plaisterers rules decreed. Lit: Guildhall Library, London, M S., 6126. Y eap e, William {fl. 1660) 1 6 6 0 THE TOWER, LONDON

Worked with John Grove I. Lit: P.R.O., Works, 5/1, November 1660.

Bibliography T he following is a list o f books and articles on plasterwork. Reference should also be made to articles cited in the Select List of Plasterers and the notes to the text. ----- ‘ Symbols on ceilings’, ibid., 1 May 1958, p. 935----- Letter (commenting on the article ‘A 17th century Plasterer, John Abbot of Barnstaple), C. Life, 19 January 1956, p. 116. Jack, J.F. S. ‘Notes on the repair and preservation o f decorated plaster ceilings’, R IB A , Jnl., v. 57, Sep­ tember 1950, pp. 416-9. Jourdain, Margaret. English Decorative Plasterwork of the Renaissance, 1926. Longfield, A. K . ‘The manufacture of “ Raised Stucco” or “ Papier-Mache” papers in Ireland’, Jnl., Royal Antiq. Soc., of Ireland, l x x v i i i , 1948, I. Lyman, D. ‘Examples of ornamental plasterwork of the English lowlands’, Architectural Record, v. 32, September 1912, pp. 251-5. Millar, W. Plastering, Plain and Decorative, 1897. Raley, Robert L. ‘Early Maryland piasterwork and stuccowork’, Society of Architectural Historians Journal, v. 20, No. 3, October 1961, pp. 131-5. (Useful for lists of plasterers, mainly Irish, who worked in the eastern part of the United States in the late eighteenth century.) Stebbing, W .P .D . ‘The Adam brothers and their plaster’, R IB A Jnl., 12 September 1938, Ser. 3, x l v , p. 991. Thorpe, W. A. ‘Portrait of a Roaring Girl’. Article on the plaster panels c. 1632 from Hilton Hall, now in the Victoria and Albert Museum, London, repre­ senting Mary Frith, the heroine of Middleton and Dekker’s play, The Roaring Girl, in C. Life, 6 December 1946, pp. 1070-2. Turner, Laurence. ‘Plasterwork’, R IB A Jnl., Ser. 3, v. 13, 1905-6, pp. 317-34----- Decorative Plasterwork in Great Britain, 1927.

Adderley, J. ‘The Pargetter’s craft in Essex’, C. Life. 1914, Vol. 34,11,167-9. Ayscough, A., Jourdain, M ., and Sitwell, S. Country House Baroque, 1940. (Contains excellent detail photographs by Ayscough, an introduction by Sitwell and notes on the plates by Jourdain.) Bankart, G .P . The Art of the Plasterer, 1908. Beard Geoffrey, ‘Italian Stuccoists in England’, Apollo, July 1964, pp. 4856. ----- ‘Italian Masters of Stucco, C. Life, 24 November i960. ----- ‘A family’s 50 year supremacy’ (the Rose family of Plasterers), C. Life, 8 December i960. ----- ‘The Rose Family of Plasterers, with a catalogue of Yorkshire work’, Leeds Art Calendar, No. 54, 1964. ----- ‘The Rose Family, with a catalogue of their work’, Apollo, April 1967. ----- ‘Plasterers in 17th century Scotland’, C. Life, 10 April 1969, p. 909. Bassey, G .E . ‘The maintenance and repair of Regency painted stucco finishes’, R IB A ,J n l, v. 57, pp. 143-5 (February 1950). Brooke, Iris. ‘Riddle o f the Devon plasterers’, C. Life, 29 December 1950, pp. 2214-16. Curran, C .P. ‘ Dublin Plasterwork’ in Jnl. of the Royal Society of Ireland, Vol. l x x , Part 1, 1940. ----- Dublin Decorative Plasterwork in the 17th and 18th Centuries, 1967. Deveboise, N. C. ‘The origin of decorative stucco’, American Journal of Archae­ ology>v. 45, January-March 1941, pp. 45-61. French, Cecil. ‘Plaster ceilings in Devon’, C. Life, 15 March 1956, pp. 468-9. ----- ‘West Country plasterers’, ibid., 8 December 1955, p. 1386. 253

Index of Places Aachen Cathedral* West Germany* 201 Achnacarry House* Inverness* 92 Alnwick Castle* Northumberland*

239

Alscot* Warwickshire* 67* 230 Althorp* Northants.* 252 Ampthill Park* Beds.* 49-50* 239 Appleby* Leics.* Sir John M oore’s School* 215* 216 Appuldurcombe* Isle o f Wight* 5 Arbury Hall* Warwickshire* 8* 46* 66, 223* 224* 229, 230; Colour Plate II* Plate 30 Arbuthnott House* Kincardineshire, 83; Plate 135 Ardkinglas House* Argyll* Plate 157 Arncliffe Hall* Yorks.* 213 Arniston House, Midlothian* 84,218; Plates 137* 138 Arogno, Switzerland* 105* 200-1 Ashburnham Place* Sussex, 206* 209 Ashridge Park, Herts., 206 Aske Hall* Yorks.* 56-7* 248 Astley Hall* Lancs., 8* 13* 52; Plate 26 Auchleeks, Perthshire, House of* 92 Auchterhouse* Angus, Mansion House* 81 Audley End, Essex* 31* 36* 66* 239* 244; Plate 101 Aylesford Priory* Kent* 8 Aynhoe Park* Northants.* 209 Badminton House* Glos., 4* 206, 222 Balcarres House* Fife* 16* 30* 80 Balcaskie House, Fife, 82, 83, 217; Plates 125, 126 Baldersby* N ewby Park* Yorks.* 233 Bams House* Peeblesshire* 250 Barnsley Park* Glos.* 58* 60* 247; Plates 58* 59* 60 Bath* Queen Square (no. 15)* 220 St M ary’s Chapel* Queen Square* 220 Beaudesert* Staffs.* 239 Beckett Park, Berks.* 60 Bedale Hall* Yorks.* 202* 213 Belton House* Lines.* 48* 51, 221; Plates 40* 41* 42 Belvedere* Kent* 65 Berrington Hall* Herefordshire* 232 Beverley* Yorks.* Guildhall* 213 T he Binns* West Lothian* 81, 250; Plates 122, 124 Birmingham* St Philip’s Church, 225 Soho House, 76 Soho Warehouse* 224 Bishop Auckland, Durham* Bishop’s Palace, Plate 62 Castle* 57

Blair Castle* Perthshire* 11* 12* 84* 86* 87* 88, 89* 92* 210* 233; Plates 145* 146* 147* 149* 151 Blenheim Palace* Oxon.* 2* 5, 54* 61* 72, 228, 250; Plate 49 Blickling Hall, Norfolk* 30; Plate 11 Blithfield* Staffs.* 206 Bold Hall* Lancs.* 57* 249 Bolsover Castle* Derbyshire* 11* 30; Plate 15 Boston Manor* Middx.* 29* 30; Plates 11* 12* 14* 16 Boughton House* Northants.* 216 Bowood* W ilts., 17, 232* 239-40,246 Boynton Church* Yorks.* 222 Bramham Park* Yorks.* 24$ Bramshill* Hants.* 25 Brandsby Hall* Yorks.* 213 Braxted Lodge* Essex* 250 Brighton* Marine Pavilion, 244 Bristol* A m o ’s Castle* 71 A m o ’s Court* 247 Assembly Rooms, 71 Exchange* 222 Royal Fort* 71* 247; Plates 83* 91* 92 St Nicholas Church* 71* 247 Brockhall* Northants., Plate 119 Brodick Castle* Bute* 92 Brodie Castle* Moray* 83; Plates 131* 132 Burghley House* Northants.* 8, 41, 46* 229; Plate 32 Burley-on-the-Hill* Rutland* 51 Burrow Hall* Lancs.* 249 Burton Constable* Yorks.* 71* 212, 213; Plate 102 Cambridge* Emmanuel College Chapel* 222 Magdalene College* 211 Market Hill (no. 5), 216 Old University Library* 209 Pembroke College Chapel* 39* 215 St John’s College* 211 Senate House* 55* 61, 201* 204* 215, 228 T rinity College* 39* 216* 223 Cannon Hall* Yorks.* 8* 224 Cannons, M iddx., 13* 54, 55, 58, 203, 212, 251 Canons Ashby* Northants.* 31 Cardiff Castle, Glam., 20 Carshalton* Surrey* 207 Carstairs* Lanarkshire* 92 Cassiobury Park* Herts.* 45, 204 Castle Bromwich Hall* Warwicks. 10* 42, 47* 48* 221; Plate 36 Castle Hill* Devon* 67* 202 Castle Howard* Yorks., 2* 19* 35* 51* 53-4* 61* 67* 68* 77, 86* 202* 203, 208* 228* 234? 236* 2455 247-8* 249; Plates 47* 48

254

Castlecoole* Co. Fermanagh* 20* 77* 240 Castletown* Co. Kildare* 220 Chantmarle* Dorset* 217 Charlton House, W ilts., 25 Chatelherault* Hamilton Palace* Lanarkshire, 85-6* 210; Plates 143* 144 Chatsworth, Derbyshire* 2* 6* 8* 27* 28* 41* 46* 47* 49* 50* 206, 221* 229, 240, 246 Chicheley Hall* Bucks.* 228, 231 Chicksands Priory* Beds.* 206 Chilston House* Devon* 220 Chirk Castle* Denbighs.* 226* 231 Chiswick House* Middx.* 6* 62 Clandon Park* Surrey* 13* 18* 19* 54, 202* 204; Plate 67 Clapton* Middx.* 240 Claremont, Surrey* 232 Clarke Hall* Yorks.* 52; Plate 35 Clausholm* Denmark* 58 Claydon* Bucks.* 78, 232* 240* 244 Clenston Manor* Dorset* Plate 8 Clifton Castle* Yorks.* 250 Clifton Hall* Notts.* 216 Clifton Hill House* Somerset* 248 Cluny Castle* Angus* 92 Cobham Hall* Kent, 205* 234 Coleshill* Berks.* 13* 31, 45, 223; Plates 24* 25 Combe Abbey* Warwickshire, 47, 49* 221 Compton Place* Sussex* 59* 60* 205, 206* 208* 225* 247; Plates 68, 70 Copped Hall, Essex* 206 Cornbury Park, Oxon., 223 Corsham Court, Wilts.* 71* 247 Cortachy Castle* Angus* 81 Cowick Hall, Yorks., 64 Craighall* Fife* 200 Craigievar Castle* Aberdeenshire* 16* 81 Crathes* Kincardineshire, 81 Croft Castle* Herefordshire* 76 Croome Court, Worcs.* 68* 70* 74* 86* 240* 243* 249; Plates 104* 105 Croxdale* Durham* 57 Croxteth* Lancs.* 249 Culzean Castle* Ayrshire* 227 Cusworth Hall* Yorks.* 64 Deene Park* Northants.* Plate 10 Denham Place* Bucks.* 5* 51-2* 63, 232; Plates 43, 44, 4b Denton Park, Yorks.* 64 Derby, Assembly Rooms, 215 Ditchley, Oxon., 13* 54 > 55-6, 57* 58* 62* 201* 204, 205, 231* 235* 236* 245* 248; Plates 52* 53 Ditton Park* Bucks.* 216 Dodington Park* Glos., 206

Index o f Places Doncaster, Yorks., Mansion House, 64. 233, 237 Donibristle House, Fife, 230 Down Hall, Essex, 55, 204 Downhill, Co. Antrim, 212 Drayton House, Northants., 3, 17, 51, 76, 234, 252; Plate 114 Duchal House, Renfrewshire, 91 D u ff House, Banffshire, 91, 218 Dumfries House, Ayrshire, 86, 8990, 91, 210 D un House, Angus, 84, 218 Duncombe Park, Yorks., Rievaulx Tem ple, 213 Dunrobin Castle, Sutherland, 92 Durham, Castle, 235 Dyrham, Glos., 50-1, 234 East Hattley, Cambs., 219, 229 East Knoyle Church, Wilts., 207 Eastnor Castle, Herefordshire, 91-2, 206 Easton Neston, Northants., 60, 61, 223, 247, 252 Eaton Hall, Cheshire, 206, 212 Eccleston Church, Cheshire, 212-13 Edgecote, Northants., 250 Edinburgh, Calton Hill Terrace scheme, 92 Castle, 81, 226 Drum House, 83, 84, 85, 208, 210; Plate 142 Holyroodhouse, 10, n , 37, $2, 82-3, 85, 86, 200, 210, 217, 225; Plates 133, 134, 136 Merchiston Castle, 16 M oray House, Canongate, 250 M oray Place, 92 Register House, 90, 91, 210 Royal Infirmary, 218 St Andrew Square, house for Sir Lawrence Dundas, 2 11, 212 Ednam House, Berwickshire, 17 Elemore Hall, Durham, 213; Plates 89, 90 Emral Hall, Flintshire, 30; Plate 18 Escrick, Yorks., 213 Eton College, Bucks., Chapel, 23 Euxton Hall, Lancs., 212 Everingham, Yorks., Roman Cath­ olic Church, 214 Exeter, Devon, Custom House, 200 Eye Manor, Herefordshire, 8, 52; Plate 31 Fairlawne, Kent, 55, 202 Falkenlust, Briihl, West Germany, 202 Falkland, House of, Fife, 92 Farnborough, Warwickshire, 233 Farnley Hall, Yorks., 244 Fawley Court, Bucks., 52 Felbrigg Hall, Norfolk, 17, 64, 90, 238 Fenham Hall, Northumberland, 219 Firle Place, Sussex, 251 Fisherwick, Staffs., 240

| 255

Floors Castle, Roxburgh, 57, 92 Holdenby Hall, Northants., 1 Fontainebleau, France, 23, 25 Holkham Hall, Norfolk, 18, 65, 209; Fonthill Abbey, W ilts., 77 Plate 95 Forde Abbey, Dorset, 31; Plates 21, Holme Lacy, Herefordshire, 52 22, 23 Honington Hall, Warwickshire, 50, Forde House, Devon, 30 60, 236, 247; Plate 69 Fredensborg Castle, Denmark, 58-9, Hopetoun House, West Lothian, 246 83, 86, 88-9, 91, 210, 214; Frithelstock Church, Devon, 200 Plate 150 Fullarton House, Ayrshire, 218; Horseheath Hill, Cambs., 13, 52 Plates 139, 140 Horton Court, Glos., 25 Gam ons, Herefordshire, 206 Houghton Hall, Norfolk, 7, 62, 66 Gateley Hall, Norfolk, Plate 93 202 Gawthorpe Hall, Lancs., 29 Hoxne, Suffolk, 59, 246 Geddington, Northants., 216 Hutton, Durham, 57 Gilling Castle, Yorks., 67, 68, 213, Hylton Castle, Sunderland, 57 224 Ickworth House, Suffolk, 208, 212 Glamis Castle, Angus, 16, 81 Innsbruck, Landhaus, 245 Glasgow, Clyde Street (no. 130), Inveraray Castle, Argyll, 86, 89, 90, 87-8, 210 91, 208, 210, 214, 225, 232, 236; Laureston House, Carlton Place, 92 Plate 152 Pollok House, 211 Kedleston, Derbyshire, 69, 74, 75, St Andrew ’s Church, 87-8, 210 212, 215, 230, 23$, 241; Plate Glendoick House, Perthshire, 90, hi 210; Plate 148 K eir House, Perthshire, 92 Glentworth House, Lines., 238 Kellie Castle, Fife, 81, 226; Plates G lynde Church, Sussex, 233 129, 130 Gorhambury House, Herts., 8 Kelmarsh Hall, Northants., 202 Great W itley Church, Worcs., 13 Kenilworth Castle, Warwickshire, G rey’s Court, Oxon., 236 4. 28 Grimsthorpe Castle, Lines., 61 Kentchurch, Herefordshire, 52; Gubbins, Herts., 55; Plate 51 Plate 118 G wydir Castle, Caernarvonshire, 27 Kenwood, M iddx., 73,241; Plate 112 Hagley Hall, Worcs., 3, 19, 66, 68, K ew House, Surrey, 61, 66 70, 71, 76, 227, 249; Plate 98 K ew Palace, Surrey, 228 Hall Place, Berks., 60, 247 Kilnwick Hall, Yorks., 200, 213, 233 Ham House, Surrey, 33, 81, 226 Kimbolton Castle, Hunts., 53 Hamilton Palace, Lanarkshire, 85, K in g’s House, Newmarket, Suffolk, 86, 210 37 Hampstead Marshall, Berks., 47, 48, Kingston Lacy, Dorset, 13 221; Plate 38 Kinross House, Kinross-shire, 82, Hampton Court, M iddx., 36, 42-3, 83, 200; Plate 127 4 5.4 9 .5 1.6 6 ,2 0 5 ,2 17,2 18 ,2 2 1, Kippencross House, Perthshire, 92 225, 226, 229, 231, 237, 248, K irby Hall, Yorks., 25 250; Plates 4, 39 Kirkleatham Hall, Yorks., 224 Hardwick Hall, Derbyshire, 10, 13, Kirtlington, Oxon., 19, 63, 236, 17, 25, 27, 28, 224, 229, 246; 247; Plates 72, 73 Plates 1, 6 Kiveton, Yorks., 5, 43, 50, 229 Hardwick Park, Durham, 213 Knole, Kent, 29, 216-17; Plate 9 Harewood House, Yorks., 75 ,2 11-12 , Knowsley, Lancs., 57, 220, 249 215, 224, 240-1, 244 Lamport, Northants., 251 Harlaxton M anor, Lines., Plate 120 Lam port Church, Northants., 250, Hartlebury Castle, Worcs., 76,207 252 Hartwell, Bucks., 236; Plate 82 Lancaster, M usic Pavilion, Sun Hatchlands, Surrey, 19; Plate 103 Street, 16, 57, 249; Plates 63, 64 Hatfield House, Herts., 25, 29, 227 Langley Park, Norfolk, 60, 247; Hatton Grange, Salop, 76, 249 Plate 75 Heath Hall, Yorks., 238 Langleys, Essex, 29, 228 Heathfield House, Staffs., 76 Lanhydrock, Cornwall, 30; Plate 17 Heaton Hall, Lancs., 76 Lathom House, Lancs., 57, 249 Heringston, Somerset, 30 Lawers, Perthshire, 218 Hesleyside, Northumberland, 208 Lee Priory, Kent, 77; Plate 117 Heythrop House, Oxon., 63, 236 Leith, Midlothian, 12, 20 Highnarn Court, Glos., 249 Leslie Castle, Aberdeenshire, 218 Hill Court, Herefordshire, 248 Leuchie, East Lothian, 91

256

| Index o f Places

Lichfield, Staffs., Bishop’s Palace, 216 Lilleshall Hall, Salop., 206 Linley Hall, Salop, 251 Little Easton, Essex, 59, 246 Little Moreton Hall, Cheshire, 30 London, Arlington Street, house for Lord Pelham, 62, 214 Audley Square, house for Lord Darnley, 241; Lord Delaware, 241; Duke of Northumber­ land, 241 Berkeley House, 4 Berkeley Square (no. 45), 211; house for Robert Child, 250; Lord Darnley, 241; Lady Isabella Finch (no. 44), 62, 214; A ir Thornhill, 241 British Museum, 78 Buckingham House, 8 Buckingham Palace, 206 Burlington Gardens, 241-2; house for M r Robinson, 234 Burlington House, 6, 61, 225, 228 Burlington Street, house for Sir Richard Lyttelton, 209 Canonbury House, 30 Carlton House, 205 Cavendish Square, 202; house for James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos, 219, 245 Chandos Street, 242 Chesterfield House, 65 Christ’s Hospital, 46, 208, 216, 217, 223, 230, 234, 246 Churches, All Hallows, Lom bard Street, 215 A ll Hallows, Watling Street, 215 A ll Hallows the Great, Upper Thames Street, 215, 246 Christ Church, Newgate Street, 215 Christchurch, Spitalfields, 228 St Alban, W ood Street, 215 St Alphege, Greenwich, 217-18, 223 St Andrew by the Wardrobe, 215 St Andrew’s, Holborn, 83 S t Anne, Limehouse, 250 St Antholin, Watling Street, 215 St Augustine, Watling Street, 212, 215 St Bartholomew Exchange, 215 St Benet, Gracechurch Street, 215 St Benet, Paul’s Wharf, 215 St Bride’s, Fleet Street, 234, 245 St Clement, Eastcheap, 215 St Clement Danes, 229, 232, 234 St Dionis Backchurch, Fenchurch Street, 215

St Edmund the King, Lombard Street, 230 St George, Bloomsbury, 228 St George, Botolph Lane, 215 St George, Hanover Square, 228 St George, Wapping, 250, 251 St James, Garlick Hill, 215, 220 St James, Piccadilly, 234 St John, Westminster, 228 St John Horsleydown, 250 St Lawrence Jewry, 229 St Luke, Old Street, 228 St Magnus, Martyr, Lower Church Street, 215 St Margaret, Lothbury, 215 St Margaret, Pattens, 215 St Martin, Ludgate, 215 St Martin-in-the-Fields, 54, 55, 201, 204, 250-1 St M ary Abchurch, 215, 230 St M ary Aldermary, 215; Plate 33

St M ary at Hill, 216 St M ary le Bow, Cheapside, 38, 39, 216 St M ary le Strand, 250, 251 St M ary Magdalen, Old Fish Street, 216 St M ary Somerset, Thames Street, 216 St M ary Woolnoth, 250 St M atthew, Friday Street, 216 St M ichael, Cornhill, 248 St M ichael, Crooked Lane, 216 St M ichael, Paternoster Royal, College Hill, 216 St Michael, Queenhithe, 216 St Michael, Wood Street, 230 St M ildred, Bread Street, 216 St M ildred, Poultry, 216 St Nicholas Cole Abbey, Queenhithe, 46, 229 St Paul, Deptford, 218, 223 St Paul’s Cathedral, 38, 39-40, 45, 47. 52, 53. 72, 200, 205, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 216, 217, 219, 220, 222, 225-6, 229, 230, 234, 247, 248, 250 St Peter, Cornhill, 216 St Peter’s, Vere Street, 54, 201, 204 St Sepulchre’s, Holborn, 207 St Stephen, Coleman Street, 208, 225 St Stephen Walbrook, 38, 214, 216 St Swithin, Cannon Street, 216, 217 Westminster Abbey, 205, 216, 223 Clarendon House, 4, 31, 36, 45, 222 Convocation House Yard, 227 Curzon Street, house for H. F. Thynne (no. 30), 242

Dover Street, house for Lord Ashburnham (no. 19), 242 Drapers’ Company Hall, 2 11, 242 Drury House, 221 Foundling Hospital, 65, 251 Grafton Street, house for Sir George Warren, 242 Greenwich Hospital, 225,232,250 Greenwich Palace, 43-5 Grosvenor House, 205-6 Grosvenor Square, 233; house for William Drake, 242; Lord Grimston, 242; Lord Stanley (no. 23), 242 Guildhall, 251 Hanover Square, house for Sir Theodore Janssen, 245 Henrietta Place, St Marylebone (no. n ) , 202 Horse Guards, Whitehall, 209 Kensington Palace, 43, 51, 205, 206, 222, 229 K ew Green (no. 21), 218 K ew Road (nos. 352, 356, 358), 218 Lansdowne House, 20 Leicester House, 220 Mansfield Street, house for Sir Edward Deering, 242; Lord Scarsdale, 242 Mansion House, 219, 251 Melbourne House, Piccadilly, 211 Montagu House, 216 N ew Burlington Street (no. 10), 242 Norfolk House, 17, 64, 65, 89,209, 227; Plates 85, 86 Northumberland House, 67, 220, 223, 229, 234, 242 Old Palace, Bromley-by-Bow, 16, 29-30, 80 Orchard Street (no. 15), 248 Pantheon, 77, 242 Portland Place (nos. 4, 16), 242; house for Lord Stormont (no. 10), 242 Portman Square (no. 20), 242 Queen’s House, Greenwich, 31, 43, 222 Ranelagh Amphitheatre, Chelsea, 233

T he Rolls House, Chancery Lane, 225 Royal Academy, 2 11, 232 Royal College o f Physicians, 45, 222 Royal Society Meeting Rooms, 211 St Bartholomew’s Hospital, 214, 245

St James’s Palace, 41, 65, 209 St James’s Square, house for Thomas Anson (no. 15), 70, 242; Thomas Belasyse (no. 31), 46, 229; Marquess of Donegall (no. 3), 242; Earl

Index o f Places de Grey, 206; Sir Rowland Winn (no. n ) , 74-5; Sir Watkin Williams Wynn (no. 20), 74, 242-3 St Martin’ s Lane, house for M r Hamilton, 243; Repository, 206 Soho Square, houses for Sir William Robinson, 250 Somerset House, 75, 209, 211, 212, 222, 223, 224, 232, 243, 248 Southampton Row, house for the Duke o f Bolton, 243 Stafford House, 206 Stratton Street, house for Lord Fitzwilliam, 211 T h e Tower, 200, 205, 207, 219, 225, 226, 227, 229, 230, 246, 2483 250, 252 Westminster Palace, 78 Westminster School, 230 Whitehall, 229, 248; Banqueting House, 1, 29, 36, 41, 64; Chapel, 41-2, 216; Palace, 29, 36, 3 7 ,4 1, 203, 206, 209, 217, 223, 227, 248 Longleat, Wilts., 8, 25, 26, 206, 251 Loseley, Surrey, 27, 207-8; Plate 5 Lowther Castle, Cumberland, 206 Lum ley Castle, Durham, 16, 57,219, 220, 249; Plates 61, 63, 65 Lym e Park, Cheshire, 57, 212 Lytham Hall, Lancs., 213; Plates 88, 89 Mavisbank House, Midlothian, 83, 208, 227 M awley Hall, Salop., 16, 57, 58, 84; Plates 55, 56 Melbourne Hall, Derbyshire, 219 Mellerstain, Berwickshire, 89, 90, 210; Plates 153, 155 Melton Constable Hall, Norfolk, 52; Plate 34 Mereworth Castle, Kent, 13, 59-60, 203; Frontispiece Mersham le Hatch, Kent, 243 Midford Castle, Somerset, 247 Millearne, Perthshire, 227 Milton, Berks., Manor House, 250 Milton Abbey, Dorset, 17, 77, 243; Plates 113, 115 M ilton House, Northants., 209, 211 Minto House, Roxburgh, 86, 87, 203, 208, 211 M oor Park, Herts., 13, 55, 202, 204; Plate 57 Moulsham Hall, Essex, 54, 55, 202, 204, 228-9 Mount Clare, Surrey, 212 Muchall Castle, Kincardineshire, 81 T he Mynde, Herefordshire, 54,204; Plate 50 Nettlecombe Court, Somerset, 31

N ew Hailes, Midlothian, 84, 208 Newburgh Priory, Yorks., 213 N ew by Park, Yorks., 207,231,243 Nonsuch Palace, Surrey, 24-5, 27, 29, 52, 220, 226; Plates 2, 3 Northallerton, Yorks., Court House, 251 Northampton, Sessions House, 221 Nostell Priory, Yorks., 13, 17, 63-4, 7 4 j IS3 2 33 } 238, 2431 Plates 78, 79, 80, 106 Nuthall Tem ple, N otts., 63, 236 Oakley Park, Salop., 207 Octagon House, Twickenham, M iddx., 54, 201, 203 Okeover Hall, Staffs., 60, 247; Plate

74

Ormesby Hall, Lines., 68, 238 Osterley Park, M iddx., 17, 19, 203; Plates i o 8 3 109, n o Ottobeuren Abbey, West Germany 245

Oxenfoord, Midlothian, 211 Oxford, A ll Souls, 235 Bodleian Library, 236 Christ Church, 65, 71 Christ Church Library, 235-6 Clarendon Building, 219 Magdalen College, 235 Old Ashmolean Museum, 215 Queen’s College, 223, 236 Radcliffe Camera, 60, 62,201,202, 235, 236, 247 St John’s College, 63, 71, 235 Sheldonian Theatre, 39, 215 T rinity College, 47 University College, 227 Wadham College, 230 Packington Hall, Warwickshire, 214, 243 Padworth House, Berks., 243 Paxton House, Berwickshire, 60, 230; Plate 154 Penrhyn Castle, Caernarvonshire, 206 Peper Harow, Surrey, 211 Petworth House, Sussex, 49, 68, 70, 220, 221, 226, 249 Phoenix Park, Dublin, 220 Pinkie House, Midlothian, 81 Pirn House, Peeblesshire, 90, 230 Pitfour Castle, Perthshire, 91 Plas M awr, Caernarvonshire, 27 Poppelsdorf Palace, West Germany, 202 Powderham Castle, Devon, 17, 207, 218, 226; Plates 87, 94 Powis Castle, Montgomery, 51 Purley Hall, Berks., 207, 214, 220, 246 Raby Castle, Durham, 233 Radway, Warwickshire, 230 Ragley Hall, Warwickshire, 68-9, 202; Plates 84, 96 Ravensworth Castle, Durham, 245

| 257

Raynham Hall, Norfolk, 62, 228; Plate 71 Redboume Hall, Lines., 226 Ridgeley, Staffs., 244 Rievaulx Temple, Duncombe Park, Yorks., 213 Ripley Castle, Yorks., 251 Riverstown House, Co. Cork, 220 Rokeby, Yorks., 244 Rome, Vatican, 23 Villa Madama, 18, 19, 23 Villa Pamphili, 19 Rousham, Oxon., 71, 236 Rovio, Switzerland, 107 Ruchlaw, Lanarkshire, 230 Rushton Hall, Northants., 31 Saffron Walden Church, Essex, 244 St Helen’s Hall, St Helen Auckland, Durham, 57, 213 Salisbury, Wilts., T he Close, 67 Sandbeck Park, Yorks., 238; Plate 107 Sandleford Priory, Berks., 77 Schloss Briihl, Cologne, West Germany, 202 Scotstoun, Peeblesshire, 91 Shardeloes, Bucks., 232, 244 Shaw Hall, Berks., 209 Sheffield Park, Surrey, 77 Sheriff Hutton Hall, Yorks., 9-10, 30, 208; Plate 13 Shrewsbury, St Alkmund’s Church, 207 Lion Inn, 76, 207 Shugborough Hall, Staffs., 68, 69, 70- i 3 73s 76-75 205, 242, 244, 249; Plate 99 Sizergh Castle, Westmorland, 27 Sledmere, Yorks., 239, 244 Somerset House, Halifax, Yorks., 213; Plate 100 South Wraxall Manor, Wilts., 27 Speke Hall, Lancs., Plate 7 Stanford Hall, Leics., 252 Stanmer, Sussex, 251 Staunton Harold Church, Leics.,

3i

Stirling, Castle, 82, 200 Palace, 82, 200 Stockton House, Wilts., 27 Stoke Edith House, Herefordshire, 8, 51 Stoneleigh Abbey, Warwickshire, 57, 58, 230 Stowe House, Bucks., 55, 64-5,204, 227, 232 Strathcathro, Angus, 92 Stratton Park, Hants., 60, 247 Strawberry Hill, M iddx., 66 Studley Royal, Yorks., 6, 7, 67-8, 2135 233 Sudbrook, Surrey, 202 Sudbury Hall, Derbyshire, 18, 45-6, 60, 207, 228, 234; Plates 27, 28,

29

258

| Index o f Places

Sutton Scarsdale, Derbyshire* 13* 17* 55i 56, 57} 58, 201* 231* 248 Swallowfield* Berks., 48, 221 Syon House, M iddx., 8, 18, 74, 244 Syston Hall, Lines., 252 Tabley House, Cheshire, 76, 231 Tatton Park, Cheshire, 76 Taymouth Castle, Perthshire, 91, 92, 206; Plate 156 Temple Newsam House, Yorks., 8, 16, 63, 64, 203, 224, 233, 237, 238; Plates 76, 77 Theobalds Park, Herts., 8 Thirlestane Castle, Berwickshire, 82, 83, 200, 217,225, 245; Plate 128 Thirsk Hall, Yorks., 224 Thoresby House, Notts., 50 Thorndon Hall, Essex, 236, 252 Thorpe Hall, Northants., 31 Tong Castle, Salop., 76 Tottenham, M iddx., Vicarage, 30 Tottenham House, Wilts., 8 Touch House, Stirlingshire, 92, 2 11, 218 Towneley Hall, Lancs., 16, 56-7, 58, 86, 248-9; Plate 54 Trentham Hall, Staffs., 57-8, 67, 68, 202, 249 Tunbridge Wells, Kent, St Charles the M artyr, 216, 250

T wickenham, M iddx., Octagon House, 54, 201, 203 Upton, Tetbury, Glos., 248 Walcot, Salop., 211 Waldershare, Kent, 227 Wallington, Northumberland, 57,67, 219, 249; Plate 66 Wardour Castle, Wilts., 68 Wasing Place, Berks., 243 Watlington Park, Oxon., 248 W eekley Church, Northants., 216 Wemyss Castle, Fife, 83, 227, 231 Wentworth Castle, Yorks., 54, 225 Wentworth Woodhouse, Yorks., 1617, 64, 213-14, 224, 237; Plate

97

West Wycombe Park, Bucks., 232 W him, Peeblesshire, 208 Whittingehame Tower, East Lothian, 83 Whitton (Park), Twickenham, M iddx., 233 W ilton House, W ilts., 31; Plates 19, 20 Wimbledon, Surrey, 207, 223 Wimpole Hall, Cambs., 67, 202, 206 Winchester Palace, Hants., 40-1 Windsor Castle, Berks., 37-8, 40, 205, 222, 229

Winton Castle, East Lothian, 81, 250; Plates 121, 123 Wiveliscombe, Somerset, Golden Farm, 30 Wollaton Hall, Notts., 1 Wolterton, Norfolk, 230 Wolverley, Worcs., Knight House, 241 Woodcote Park, Herts., 65 Woolley Park, Yorks., 244 Worcester, Guildhall, 221, 231 Worksop Manor, Notts., 64 Wormleybury, Herts., 20 Wotton House, Bucks., 204 Wrest Park, Beds., 11, 206 Wroxton Abbey, Oxon., 66, 227; Plate 81 Wynnstay, Denbighs., 207 Yester House, East Lothian, 84-5, 210-11, 214, 218, 231, 236, 244, 245; Plate 141 York, Assembly Rooms, 63, 86, 203, 233, 246 Fairfax House, 220, 224, 249 Gillygate (nos. 3, 5), 251 Mansion House, 231 Mickelgate (nos. 53, 55), 251 Minster, 205 Yoxall Lodge, Derbyshire, 215

Index of Persons A b b o t , J o h n I , 30, 3 1 , 200, 2 2 7 A b b o t , J o h n I I , 30 A b b o t t , R ic h a r d , 30, 3 1 , 200 A d a m , J a m e s, 69 , 7 2 , 7 3 , 8 5 . 8 8 -9 , 90, 2 1 4 , 2 1 5 ,

2 3 4 s 235 A d a m , Joh n , 72 , 73 , 83, 84 , 86, 8 8 -9 , 90, 2 10 , 2 1 4 , 2 18 , 235 A d a m , R o b e r t, 1 8 , 1 9 , 66 , 68 , 6 9 , 7 0 , 7 1 ,

74, 91, 20, 72,

7 3 , 7 4 . 7 6 3 7 7 . 8 3, 84, 8 5 , 86 , 8 8 -9 , 90, 9 1 , 2 10 , 2 1 1 , 2 1 2 ,2 1 4 , 2 15 , 2 18 , 224, 225, 2 27, 232, 234, 235, 237, 238, 239, 2 4 1 , 2 4 2 , 2 4 3 , 2 4 4 , 24 6 , 2 4 9 ; P la te s 10 3 , 10 4 , 10 6 , 10 8 , 10 9 A d a m , W illia m , 83, 84, 8 5 , 86, 8 7, 88, 89, 90, 9 1 , 9 2 , 208, 2 1 0 , 2 l 8 , 2 2 7 ; P la te s 13 4 , 14 2 A d d i n a l, 20 0 , 2 1 3 A f f le t t , W . , 200 A ile s b u r y , 1 s t M a r q u e s s o f, 8 A is c o u g h , R o b e r t, 48 A is la b ie , J o h n , 5 - 6 , 7 , 6 7 , 233

A is la b ie , W illia m , 6 7 - 8 , 2 13 A lb e m a r le , D u k e o f, 5 A l b e r t i , L e o n B a ttis ta , 1 1 ,

72 A l b o m , T h o m a s , 8 2 ,2 0 0 , 2 2 7 ; P la te 12 8 A l c o c k , N ic h o la s , 43 A l c o t t , J o s e p h , 205 A l l e n , A n n e , 60, 2 4 6 A l l e n , A n t o n y , 200 A llis o n , J o h n , 200 A n g e lis , P e te r d e, 7 4 A n g e l is , P ie t e r , 59 A n n e , Q u e e n , 35, 49 , 50,

53 A n s o n , T h o m a s , 70 , 73 , 242 A rch er, Thom as, 218, 2 2 3 , 2 2 5 , 228 A r g y l l , 3 rd D u k e o f, 89,

233 A r ta r i, A d a lb e r t u s , 55, 5 6 , 68 , 7 0 , 200, 2 0 1 A r ta r i, B a r to lo m e a , 200 A r ta r i, D o m e n ic o , 200 A r ta r i, G io v a n n i B a ttis ta , 5 5 , 2 0 0 -1 A r ta r i, G u is e p p e , 5 3 , 5 4 , 5 5 - 6 , 5 7 , 5 8 , 6 2 , 6 7 , 68, 6 9 , 7 0 , 2 0 0 -1 , 2 0 3 , 2 0 4 , 2 0 6 ,2 1 5 ,2 2 8 ,2 3 1 ,2 4 5 ; P la te s 5 0 , 5 2 , 5 3 , 6 7 , 8 4 ,

96

A r ta r i, J e c o m m a , 200 A r ta r i, J o s e p h , 200 A r ta r i, M a r y G e r t r u d e , 2 0 1 , 202 A r t im a , B a lta sa r, 203 A r u n d e ll, H en ry, 8 th L o r d , 68 A s h b u m h a m , L o r d , 24 2 A s h b u rn h a m , John, 1st B a r o n , 49 A th e rto n , C h a r le s , 4 1, 203 A t h o l l , J a m e s, 2 n d D u k e o f, 86, 8 7 , 88, 89

A t h o ll, 3 rd E a r l o f, 87 A t k in s o n , 'W illia m , 92 A u d s l e y , D a v i d , 203 A u s t e n , C o r n e liu s , 39 A v e l in g , H u g h , 68 B a c o n , G e o r g e , 203 B a g le y , T h o m a s , 36 B a g n a ll, J o h n , 5 3 , 6 3 , 8 6 8 7 3 2 0 3 , 208 B a g o t , L o r d , 206 B a g o t , R ic h a r d , 7 7 B a g o t f a m ily , 7 7 B a g u t t i, A b b o n d i o , 203 B a g u tt i, A n d r e a , 53 B a g u t t i, A n g e la M a r ia , 203 B a g u tt i, B e r n a r d , 203 B a g u tt i, C a t e r in a , 203 B a g u t t i, G io v a n n i, 1 3 , 5 3 , 5 4 . 5 5 ) 5 ^ ) 5 7 . 5 8 , 60, 6 1 , 7 7 , 200, 2 0 1 , 2 0 2 , 2 0 3 -4 , 2 1 5 , 2 2 8 , 2 3 4 , 2 4 5 , 2 4 8 , 2 5 1 ; F r o n t is ­ p ie c e , P la te s 4 7 , 4 8 ,

50, 57. 67 B a g u t t i, P ie t r o M a r t ir e , 203 B a illie , L a d y G r is e l, 90 B a ily , J o h n , 7 8 , 2 0 4 , 2 0 5 B a ily , J o s e p h , 20 4 B aker, G e o rg e , 2 13 B a k e r , T h o m a s , 20 4 B a n k a r t, G . P ., 80 B an kes, M a tth e w , 38, 4 1 , 222 B a n k e s , P a tie n c e , 2 2 2 B a n k s , S ir J o h n , 8 B a n k s , S ir J o s e p h , 7 1 B a r b a r o , 18 B a r b o n , N ic h o la s , 4 B a r d w e ll, T h o m a s , 87, 8 8 ; P la te 1 5 1 B a r h a m , A . G . , 78 B a rk e r , R o b e r t, 5 1 B a r le y , R o b e r t, 28 B a r lo w , F r a n c is , 1 9 , 5 1 , 6 3 ; P la te s 4 5 , 93 B a r n e s , J a m e s, 20 4 B a r r e tt, T h o m a s , 7 7 B a r r in g to n , 2 n d V is c o u n t , 60 B a r r y , S ir C h a r le s , 5 7 - 8 ,

92 B a r to li, D o m e n ic o , 7 7 B a r to li, G iu s e p p e , 7 7 - 8 B a r t o lo z z i, F r a n c e s c o , 239 B a s il, S im o n , 3 7 B a te s , W . , 205 B a x te r , J o h n , 205 B a y le y , J o h n , 20 4 , 205 B a y ly , A b r a h a m , 205 B e a le , H e n r y , 205 B e d d in g t o n , E d w a r d , 205 B e d w e ll, C h a r le s , 205 B e e c h e y , S ir W illia m , 2 1 1 B e la y s e , T h o m a s , L o r d F a u co n b erg , 46, 229 B e lle , R a lp h , 2 7 B e ilin , N i c o lo , 2 4 , 2 5 , 2 7 B e llu c c i, A n t o n io , 2 0 2 , 203 B e lm o n t, E a r l o f, 7 7 B e lm o r e , 1 s t V i s c o u n t , 2 0 , 24 0 B e n n e t t, R ic h a r d , 205 B e n s o n , B e n ja m in , 35 B e n s o n , R o b e r t, 2 4 5 B e n s o n , W illia m , 3 5 B e r k e le y , J o h n , B a r o n , 4

B e r k e le y , L a d y , 4 B e r n a s c o n i, B a r t h o lo ­ m e w , 205 B e r n a s c o n i, B e r n a to , 7 8 , 205 B e r n a s c o n i, F r a n c is , 20,

77

) 7 8 , 9 L 92, 2 0 5 -6 ; P la te 1 5 6 B e r n a s c o n i, F r a n c is , ju n io r , 7 8 B e r n a s c o n i fa m ily , 78 B e r r ill, J e r e m ia h , 20 6 B eery, M a ry , 77 B e s s o f H a r d w ic k , se e S h r e w s b u r y , E liz a b e t h , C o u n te ss o f B e t le y , A r t h u r , 206 B e t s o n , T h o m a s , 206 B e t t in g t o n , J o s e p h , 206 B e v e r , 2 0 6 - 7 , 209 B ie le f e ld , C . F . , 7 8 B ir c h , J o h n , 2 0 7 B la c k le y , S . , 2 0 7 B la t h w a y t , W illia m , 50,

51

B lin c o e , C h r is t o p h e r , 2 0 7 B lin c o e , J o h n , 2 0 7 B lo o m , H a n s , 2 1 B lo u n t , 2 0 7 B o ld , P e te r, 5 7 B o lt o n , D u k e o f, 2 4 3 B o n o m i, J o s e p h , 2 4 3 B o o t le , W ilb r a h a m , 7 6 B o r g h e s e fa m ily , 19 B o r r a , G i o v a n n i B a t tis ta , 6 4 -5 B oscaw en , A d m ir a l E d w a r d , P la te 10 3 B oson, John, 61 B o u lto n , M a tth e w , 76, 224 B o u v e r ie , J o h n , 6 5 B o y s e , W illia m , 2 0 7 B r a d b u r y , R o b e r t, 4 5 -6 , 2 0 7 , 2 3 4 ; P la te s 2 7 , 29 B r a d s h a w , W illia m , 2 3 4 B ra m a n te , D o n a to , 23 B r a n d , D a n ie l, 50 B reda, C . F . vo n , 2 1 1 B r e n n o , C a r lo E n r ic o , 5 8 -

59

^ B r e n t, P e te r , 36 B r e t t in g h a m , M a tth e w , se n io r, 6 4 , 6 5 , 209 B r e t t in g h a m , M a tth e w , ju n io r , 20 9 B r ic e , R o b e r t , 2 0 7 B r id g e m a n , C h a r le s , 7 B r id g e m a n , L a d y M a r y , 4 2, 48, 49, 2 2 1 , 226 B r id g e m a n f a m ily , 4 7 B r ig g e , R ic h a r d , 2 7 B r is t o l, E a r l o f, 208 B ro c k w a y , R ., 207 B r o m fie ld , J o s e p h , 7 6 ,2 0 7 B r o v a l, T h o m a s , 58 B r o w n , L a n c e lo t ‘C a p ­ a b il i t y ’, 6 6 , 7 1 , 2 4 0 B row n , John, 24 B row n, T h om as, 27 B r o w n , W illia m , 1 7 , 2 0 7 , 2 2 6 ; P la te 94 B r o w n e , P a tr ic k , 2 7 B r o w n e , W illia m , 2 0 7 -8 B r o w n lo w , S ir J o h n , 4 8 , 221 B r o w n r ig g , G . , 208 B r u c e , S ir W illia m , 8 1 - 2 , 8 3 , 88, 2 0 0 , 2 1 7 ; P la te s 12 5, 126, 12 7

259

B r u n e tt i, G a e t a n o , 1 9 , 63 B ru yn , A b rah am de, 30; P la te s 1 2 , 14 B r u y n , N ic h o la s d e , 28, 2 9 ; P la te 16 B u c h a n , C o u n t e s s o f, 8 1 B u c h a n , E a r l o f, 81 B u c h a n , R o b e r t, 9 1 , 208 B u c k e , J o h n , 29 B u lliv a n t , B a r th o lo m e w , 238, 242 B u lh v a n t , J o h n , 2 4 2 B u n c e , J o h n , 208 B u r g e s , W illia m , 20 B u r g h le y , L o r d , 8 B u r lin g t o n , 3 rd E a r l o f, 3, 6 , 1 8 , 5 9 , 6 1 , 6 2 , 6 5 , 84, 203, 2 2 5 , 228, 2 3 1 B u r n , W illia m , 9 2 ; P la te 12 0 B u r n e t, S ir T h o m a s , 8 1 B u r n e t fa m ily , 81 B u r n e tt , J o h n , 5 9 , 208 B u r n o p , W illia m , 208 B u r r id g e , J o h n , 30, 2 0 8 ; P la te 13 B u rto n , Th om as, 208, 2 16 , 225 B u s b y , R ic h a r d , 2 1 6 B u s c h in g , A . F . , 5 9 , 60 B u tle r , M r , 2 3 9 C a ld e r w o o d , S a m u e l, 8 3 , 84, 8 5 , 20 8 , 2 1 8 , 2 2 7 ; P la te 1 4 2 C a m p b e ll, C o li n , 3, 6 , 18 , 3 5 . 5 4 . 5 5 . 5 9 . 60, 6 1 , 6 7 , 2 0 2 , 2 0 3 , 2 0 7 , 20 8 , 2 2 5 , 2 3 1 , 2 4 7 ; F r o n t is ­ p ie c e , P la te 7 0 C a m p e lm a n , R a lp h , 208 C ap p , H u gh , 27 C a r a b e lla s , 208 C a r lile , C h a r le s , 20 8 , 2 2 7 C a r lis le , 2 n d E a r l o f, 2 2 9 C a r lis le , 3 r d E a r l o f, 3 5 ,

53. 202 C a r m a r t h e n , M a r q u is o f, 223 C a r m ic h a ll, J a m e s, 8 6 ,8 7 , 2 0 8 -9 C a r o lin e , Q u e e n , P la te 7 7 C a rr , Jo h n , 8 ,6 8 ,2 1 3 ,2 2 2 , 2 2 3 ,2 2 4 ,2 3 8 ,2 4 4 ,2 5 1 C a rte r, T h o m a s , 87; P la te 14 5 C a s e ll, R . , 209 C a s s , C h r is t o p h e r , 6 1 C a s t e lli b r o th e r s , 202 C a te n a r o , 40 C a te z z i, 5 7 C a v e n d is h , S ir C h a r le s , P la te 15 C a v e n d is h , E liz a b e t h , se e S h r e w s b u r y , E liz a b e t h , C o u n te ss o f C a v e n d is h , S ir W illia m , 2 6 , 2 8 ; P la te 15 C e c il, R o b e r t, 1st E a r l o f S a lis b u r y , 29 C h a m b e r s , S ir W illia m , 1 9 . 20, 7 3 . 7 5 - 6 . 7 8 , 90, 2 0 9 ,2 1 1 ,2 1 2 ,2 1 8 , 222, 223, 224, 2 2 7, 2 3 1, 239 C h a n d o s , Jam es B r y d g e s , 1 st D u k e o f, 5 , 1 3 , 5 4 , 5 5. 58. 203, 204, 209, 2 1 2 , 2 1 9 , 2 2 7 -8 , 2 4 5 , 246, 251 C h a r le s I , 2 , 3, 3 6 ; P la te 12 3

C h a r le s I I , 2, 3 , 4 , 8, 3 3 ,

34. 36, 37. 40, 42. 43.

44. 81

C h e e k , T h o m a s , 209 C h e e r e , S ir H e n r y , 7 4 , 7 5 , 2 11 C h e r o n , L o u i s , 40 C h i ld , R o b e r t, 2 50 C h illin g w o r t h , W illia m , 209 C h ip p in e , H e n r y , 209 C h is lo , 209 C h o lm e ly , F r a n c is , 2 1 3 C h u r c h ill, J o h n , 2 2 2 C h u t e , J o h n , 66 C i b b e r , G a b r ie l, 43 C ip r ia n i, G io v a n n i B a t ­ tista , 7 4 C la r e n d o n , E d w a r d , 1 s t E a r l o f, 4 -5 , 223 C la r e n d o n , H e n r y , 2 n d E a r l o f, 4 8 , 2 2 1 C la r k , T h o m a s , 1 7 , 18 , 64. 6 5 .7 5 .8 9 .2 0 9 ,2 1 1 ; P la te s 85, 86, 95 C la r k e , C h a r le s , 7 5 , 2 0 7 , 209, 2 1 2 , 22 2 , 2 2 3 , 2 24 C la r k e , R o b e r t , 209 C la r k e , S a m u e l, 2 1 0 C l a y , C h a r le s , 78 C la y t o n , A r c h i b a l d , 8 5 , 210 C la y t o n , E liz a b e t h , 85 C la y t o n , F r a n c is , 2 1 0 C la y t o n , I s a b e lla , 2 1 0 C la y t o n , J a m e s, 8 5 , 8 6 , 210 C la y t o n , T h o m a s , 1 0 - 1 1 , 1 2 , 83, 84, 8 5 , 86, 8 7 - 8 , 8 9 -9 0 , 208, 2 10 -11, 2 4 8 ; P la te s 1 4 4 , 1 4 5 , 14 8 , 1 4 9 , 1 5 0 , 1 5 1 C la y t o n , Thom as V arsa llis, 8 5 , 90, 9 1 , 2 1 0 , 2 1 2 ; P la te 1 5 2 C le e r e , W illia m , 39 C le m e n s A u g u s t , E le c t o r o f C o lo g n e , 20 2 C le r ic i, G i o v a n n i B a t tis ta , 219 C le r k , S ir J o h n , 5 7 , 83, 227 C le v e la n d , D u k e o f, 2 1 9 C l o w , J a m e s, 88 C l o w , W illia m , 87 C o b b , John, 7 1 , 74 C o b b , M ary, 74 C o b b e, John, 2 11 C o c k e r e ll, C . R . , 205 C o ke, T h o m as, 49, 221 C o le , J ., 2 1 1 C o llin s , T h o m a s , 7 5 , 2 1 1 , 2 3 1, 232, 251 C o llin s , W illia m , 6 4 , 7 3 , 75 , 2 1 1 -1 2 , 213 C o lo m b a n i, P la c id o , 2 1 2 C o m b e s , Jo h n , 38, 44 , 2 12 , 2 15 C om bes, T h o m as, 212 C o n d o n , C o lo n e l, 2 1 3 C o n e y , S t e p h e n , 90, 9 1 , 2 1 1 , 2 1 2 ; P la te 94 C o n s ig lio , F r a n c e s c o , 5 7 , 2 12 C o n s t a b le , W illia m , 7 1 C o o k, John, 2 12 , 2 19 C o o m b s, 2 12 C o o p e r , C h a r le s , 2 1 2 C o rd e y, Joh n , 2 12 C o r le tt , R ic h a r d , 2 1 2

260

I Index o f Persons

C o m e r * I s a a c , 36 C o m fo r th , Joh n , 67 C o rtese , G iu s e p p e , 5 7 , 6 7 - 8 , 200, 20 2 , 2 1 2 , 2 1 3 , 2 2 4 , 2 4 4 ; P la te s 88, 89, 90, 100 C o s in s , J o h n , 2 3 5 C o v e n t r y , 6 th E a r l o f, 86, 249 C o w c h a r , J o h n , 87 C o z z i , G iu lia , 245 C ra b tre e , E ly , 2 1 3 -1 4 ,2 2 4 C r a c e fa m ily , 92 C r a g g s , J a m e s, 7 C r a v e n , W illia m , 1 s t E a r l o f, 4 7 , 2 2 1 C r is p , W illia m , 2 1 4 C r itz , E m m a n u e l de, 3 1 C r o m w e ll, H e n r y , 4 7 , 2 1 4 C r o m w e ll, O liv e r , 46 C r o o k , J o n a th a n , 62 C ro u ch , John, 2 14 C r u f t , C a th e r in e H . , 85, 90 C r y e r , C le m e n t , 2 1 4 C u n e o t , J o h n , 6 4 ; P la te

85

C urryer, T h o m as, 2 14 C u v illie s , F r a n c o is de, 202 D a d e , T h o m a s , 250 D a lt o n , R ic h a r d , 7 4 D a lt o n , M r s R ic h a r d , 7 4 D a l y e l l , S ir T h o m a s , 81 D a n c e , G e o rg e , 7 3 , 206, 219 D a n ie lli, P h ilip , 5 7 D a r n le y , L o r d , 2 4 1 D a v e n p o r t, Jo h n , 36 D a v is , R o g e r, 4 1 D a w e s , C h a r le s , 2 1 4 D a w k in s , J a m e s, 6 5 D a w s o n , John, 2 10 , 2 14 D a w s o n , R o b e r t, 6 2 , 2 1 4 D e a n e , A n th o n y , 52 D e e r in g s , S ir Ed w ard , 242 D e f o e , D a n ie l, 203 D e la c o u r , W illia m , 89, 211 D e l a n y , M r s , 86 D e la w a r e , L o r d , 2 4 1 D e l v a u x , L a u r e n t , 5 9 ,2 4 6 D e n h a m , S ir J o h n , 3 4 ,

36

D e n is , J o h n , 2 1 4 D e n is , T h o m a s , 2 1 4 , 2 4 7 D e n s t o n , A b r a h a m , 69 ,

D o rse t, R ic h a r d Sackv ille , E a r l o f, 29 D o rse t, Thom as Sackv ille , E a r l o f, 2 9 , 2 1 6 217 D o w n e s , D r K e r r y , 61 D o w n in g , S ir G eorge, 2 1 9 , 22 9 D r a k e , W illia m , 2 4 2 D r e g h o r n , A lla n , 87 D u b o i s , N ic h o la s , 3 5 , 2 5 1 D u g d a l e , J a m e s, 2 1 6 D u k i n g , F r a n c is , 2 1 6 D im , D a v id E r s k in e , L o r d , 84 D u n d a s , S ir L a w r e n c e , 90, 2 1 1 , 2 1 2 ; P la te 1 3 7 D ungan, R ic h a r d , 29, 2 1 6 - 1 7 ; P la te 9 D u n n , R ic h a r d , 2 1 7 D u n s t e r f ie ld , G e o r g e , 3 7 , 5 2 , 8 2 , 200, 2 1 7 , 2 2 5 ; P la te 128 D y e r , R o b e r t , 3 8 , 8 3 , 208 D y s a r t , L a d y E liz a b e t h , 81 E a le s , J o h n , 2 1 6 , 2 1 7 E a r l, J a m e s, 2 1 7 E a stb o u r n e , M a r ty n , 2 1 7 E a to n , 2 1 7 E d is b u r y , K e n r i d g e , 2 1 7 E d k in s , M ic h a e l, P la t e 83 E d m o n d so n , John, 2 17 E d w a r d I I , 78 E d w a r d V I , 24 E d w i n , F r a n c is , 2 1 7 E g e r t o n , S ir T h o m a s , 7 6 E lio t , A r c h ib a ld , 9 1 , 9 2 E liz a b e t h 1 , 1 , 4 , 7 , 2 4 , 2 7 , 28, 29 E llio t , C h a r le s , 2 1 7 - 1 8 E llis , J a m e s, 4 4 , 2 1 7 , 2 2 3 , 252 E ls e y , R ic h a r d , 2 1 8 E ls o n , J a m e s, 2 1 8 E lw i c k , E d w a r d , 2 1 3 E m b o le , J o h n , 3 4 E m m e t t , M o r r is , 4 1 E m m e t t , W illia m , 4 1 , 43 E n g le h e a r t , A n n , 2 1 8 E n g le h e a r t , F r a n c is , 2 1 8 E n g le h e a r t , John D illm an, 218 E n g le h e a r t , N a t h a n ie l, 218 E n g le h e a r t , P a u l, 2 1 8 E n z e r , J o s e p h , 83, 84, 89, 2 18 , 2 3 1, 236, 244 ; P la te s 1 3 7 , 1 3 9 , 14 0 , 14 1 E n z e r , S u s a n , 84, 2 1 8 E r s k in e , H e le n , 84 , 2 1 8 E s s e x , J a m e s, 66 E s s e x , L o r d , 20 4 E tty , A n n , 232 E t t y , W illia m , 2 3 2 -3 E v e ly n , J o h n , 4 , 2 2 , 2 5 ,

2 1 4 - 15 D e n s t o n , J a m e s, 2 1 5 D e n sto n , Joseph , 2 14 D e n sto n , T h o m a s , 2 15 D erby, Lord, 57 D e s g o d e t z , 65 D e v a ll , J o h n , 7 3 D e v o n s h ir e , 6 th D u k e o f, 8, 46 D e w , Joh n , 2 1 5 3 6 , 4 0 , 4 1 , 4 4 , 45a 5 2 D e w ic k , P e t t y , 2 1 5 E x e t e r , 4 t h E a r l o f, 46 E x e t e r , 5 t h E a r l o f, 4 6 D ib b in s , E d w a rd , 2 15 F a ir f a x , B r ia n , 49 D ic k in s , L ilia n , 70 F a ir f a x , L o r d , 68 D ie tt e r lin , W e n d e l, 2 9 F a ir f a x fa m ily , 2 1 3 D illm a n , J o h n , 2 1 8 F a r in g t o n , J o s e p h , 78 D i x o n , J o s e p h , 78 F a w k e s , W a lt e r , 2 44 D o d g so n , Joh n , 2 15 F e llo w e s , S ir J o h n , 2 0 7 D o e g o o d , Joseph , 2 15 D o n e g a ll, M a r q u e s s o f, F e n t o n , J o s e p h , 30 F e u c h tm a y e r, Jo sep h 242 A n t o n , 2 45 D o o g o o d , H e n r y , 38, 39 , 4 0 ,4 1 ,4 4 ,4 9 ,2 0 0 , 2 12 , F ew kes, G eo rge, 2 12 , 2 19 251 2 1 5 - 16 , 2 2 2 , 2 5 0 ; P la te F ifie ld , D a v i d , 2 1 9 D o o g o o d , R a lp h , 2 1 6 F i n c h , L a d y I s a b e lla , 62 D o rch e ste r, L o r d , 7 F it z g e r a ld , T h o m a s , 24 0

F it z w illia m , 3 r d E a r l, 2 1 1 F le m i n g , J o h n , 88 F lo r is , C o r n e lis , 25 F l u d y e r , W illia m , 2 1 9 F l y , J., 2 1 9 F o l e y , P a u l, 8, 5 1 F o le y , T h o m a s , 8 F o o te , E d m o n d , 2 19 F o r b e s , J a m e s, 68 F o r b e s , W illia m , 81 F o r r e s te r , J a m e s, 7 4 F o r t , A le x a n d e r , 43 F o s s , J o h n , 2 50 F o ste r, 2 19 F o u r d r in ie r , P a u l, 65 F r a n c e y s , S a m u e l, 2 1 9 F r a n c h in i, A n n a M a r ia , 2 19 F r a n c h in i, C o s im o , 2 1 9 F r a n c h in i, F i lip p o , 2 1 9 F r a n c h in i, G i o v a n n i B a t ­ tis ta , 2 1 9 F r a n c h in i, G iu s e p p e , 2 1 9 F r a n c h in i, P a u l, 5 7 , 6 7 , 2 1 9 - 2 0 , 2 4 9 ; P la te 66 F r a n c h in i, P h ilip , 5 7 , 6 7 , 2 1 9 - 2 0 , 2 4 9 ; P la te 66 F r a n c h in i, P ie tr o A n t o n io , 2 1 9 F r a n c h in i f a m ily , 2 1 3 F r a n c is I , K i n g o f F r a n c e ,

2 3 -4 F r a n c o n i, se e F r a n c h in i F r e d e r ic k , P r in c e of W a le s , 61, 62, 2 18 , F r e d e r ic k V, K in g of D e n m a r k , 246 F r i t h , R o b e r t , 22 0 F r y , A le x a n d e r , 2 2 0 F u lc h e r , 208 G a r d , P h ilip , 2 2 0 G a r d o m , J o h n , 50 G a r r a r d , G e o r g e , 220 G a r r e tt , D a n ie l, 6 7 , 2 1 3 , 2 1 9 , 2 2 0 ; P la te 66 G e n o n e , G i a n B a ttis ta , 201 G e o r g e I, 3, 6, 7 , 3 5, 45,

4 9 a 63, 233 G e o r g e I I , 6 3 , 2 3 3 , P la te 76 G e o rg e I I I , 73 , 74 G e o r g e I V , 8, 3 7 G e r b ie r , S ir B a lth a z a r , 1 2 , 1 9 , 4 7 j 48 G e r i n g , G i l e s , 2 5 , 22 0 G e r m a in , Lady B e tty ,

5i

G e r m a in , S ir J o h n , 5 1 G i b b o n s , G r in lin g , 3 5 ,3 8 ,

3 9 , 4 L 4 3 j 475 5 2 G i b b s , J a m e s, 18 , 1 9 , 5 3 , 54-55 575 6 1 , 6 2 , 68 , 69, 8 3 , 2 0 1 , 2 0 2 , 2 0 3 , 20 4 , 2 1 5 , 2 1 9 , 22 0 , 2 2 7 , 2 2 8 , 2 3 1 ,2 3 5 5 2 4 5 ,2 4 7 ,2 4 8 , 2 5 0 ; P la te s 5 1 , 5 2 G ib s o n , J o h n , 4 1 G i l l , E . , 220 G i l l , R o b e r t, 22 0 G ille s p ie , J a m e s, 92 G i l p i n , S a w r e y , 22 0 G i n k s , C . , 220 G i n k s , T . , 22 0 G l y n n , 22 0 G o d fr e y , T . , 220 G o d w i n , J a m e s, 22 0 G o o d , W illia m , 220 G oodenou gh, E d w ard, 221 G o r g e s , F e r d in a n d o , 8 G o u d g e , E d w a r d , 10 , 1 9 , 33, 35, 42, 47, 48- 9, 50,

6 1 , 2 2 1 , 2 2 6 ; P la te s 3 6 ,

37, 38, 40, 41, 42 G r a h a m , J o h n G ille s p ie ,

92 G r a in g e r , A m b r o s e , 2 2 1 G r a v e lo t, H u b e r t , 6 3 , 73 G r e e n , C h a r le s , 2 2 1 G r e e n , G e o r g e , 64 G r e e n , L u k e , 64 G r e e n h o r n , R o b e r t, 10 , 82 G reen hou gh , W illia m , 222 G r e e n h o u g h , J a m e s, 2 2 2 G r e s h a m , S ir T h o m a s , 2 9 G r e y , E a r l d e , 206 G r iffin , J o h n , 2 2 2 G r iffin , S ir J o h n G r iffin ,

239 G r iffin , W illia m , 222 G r iffith , C h r is t o p h e r , 243 G r ig n io n , 19 G r ilte n , R . , 22 2 G r im s t o n , J o h n , 2 3 1 G r im s t o n , L o r d , 2 4 2 G r in s e ll, J o h n , 2 2 2 G r iv e n s , R . , 2 2 2 G r o o m e , R ic h a r d , 2 2 2 G ro sven o r, L o r d , 2 12 G r o v e , J a m e s, 4 1 , 2 2 2 , 22 3 G ro v e , John I, 3 1, 33, 35, 3 6 , 375 3 8 3 395 455 82, 2 0 0 ,2 0 5 , 206, 2 0 7 , 20 9 , 2 1 9 , 2 2 2 -3 , 2 2 5 , 2 2 6 , 2 2 7 , 2 2 9 , 2 3 0 , 2 4 6 , 24 8 , 2 5 0 , 2 5 2 ; P la te s 2 4 , 2 5 G r o v e , J o h n I I , 3 6 , 38,

395 40a4L 42-35 445 455 49, 52, 205, 2 1 2 , 2 1 5 , 2 1 6 , 2 1 7 , 2 2 2 -3 , 2 2 5 , 2 2 6 ,2 2 9 ,2 3 1 ,2 3 4 , 237, 2 4 6 , 248 G u m , R ic h a r d , 22 3 G u n b y , F r a n c is , 30 G u n n i n g , E liz a b e t h , 86 G u n n in g , M a r ia , 86 H a le , J o s e p h , 223 H a lk e t t , M a r y , P la te 1 2 5 H a ll, J e r o m e , 2 1 6 , 223 H a lle y , E d m u n d , 7 2 H a m ilt o n , 243 H a m ilt o n , D a v i d , 9 1 , 9 2 H a m ilt o n , 5 th D u k e o f, 85, 86 H a m ilt o n , 6 th D u k e o f,

86 H a m ilt o n , G a v i n , 7 4 H a n d le y , F r a n c is , 223 H a n d s , J a m e s, 2 1 7 , 2 1 8 , 223 H a n w e ll, W . , 2 2 3 , 2 2 4 ; C o lo u r P la te I I H a r d in g , R o b e r t , 2 4 7 H a r d w ic k e , P h ilip Y o r k e , 2 n d E a r l o f, 7 0 - 1 , 2 4 9 H a rris , J a m e s, 6 6 , 6 7 H a r r o d , R o b e r t, 22 3 H a rro w b y, L o r d , 76 H a r t le y , W illia m , 24 0 H a r v e y , W illia m , 53 H a s w e ll, G e o r g e , 89 H a tc h e t, 243 H a t to n , S ir C h r is t o p h e r ,

1

H a u d u r o y , L o u i s , 50 H a u d u r o y , S a m u e l,

50,

5 L 234 H a w e s , F r a n c is , 2 0 7 , 2 1 4 H a w k in s , J a m e s, 2 2 3 H aw ksm oor, N ic h o la s , 3 5 , 4 2 , 49 , 6 1 , 6 6 , 2 1 7 , 2 2 1 ,2 2 3 ,2 2 8 ,2 5 0 ,2 5 1 ; P la te 49

H a y e s , W illia m , 22 3 H a y m a n , F r a n c is , 7 3 H e b b e r d , 223 H e f fo r d , T h o m a s , 2 2 3 H en d erso n , Jam es, 68 , 2 1 3 , 2 2 3 -4 , 2 3 1 , 2 4 4 H en d erson , T h o m a s , 2 14 , 224 H e n r y V I I , 23, 24 H e n r y V I I I , 24, 25 H e n t z n e r , P a u l, 2 5 H e r b e r t, L o r d , 6 - 7 H e r tfo r d , 1st E a r l o f, 6 8 -9 , 20 2 H e w i t t , S ir T h o m a s , 3 5 H ig g in s o n , 2 2 4 H ig h a m , G . , 2 2 3 , 2 2 4 ; C o lo u r P la te I I H i l l , R ic h a r d , 2 2 4 H i l l , S ir R o g e r , 5 1 H illa m , J a m e s, 2 2 4 H illa m , J o h n , 2 2 4 H in d le , J a m e s, 2 8 , 2 2 4 H io r n e fa m ily , 65 H it c h in s , 7 9 H o a r e , R ic h a r d , 6 H o b c r o ft, Jo h n , 240, 24 2 , 243 H o d g s o n , R o b e r t, 2 2 3 , 2 2 4 ; C o lo u r P la te I I H o g a r th , W illia m , 7 3 H o lla n d , H e n r y , 7 8 , 2 3 2 , 2 46 H o lla r , W e n c e s la u s , 1 9 , 5 1 , 6 6 ; P la te s 4 3 , 4 5 , 9 3 H o llin g s h e a d , W illia m , 225 H o llin s , W illia m , 2 2 5 H o o k e , S ir R o b e r t , 4 5 203, 2 2 2 , 229 H o o p e r , W illia m , 2 2 5 H o p e , C h a r le s , E a r l o f H o p e to u n , 83, 88, 89 H o r to n , R o b e r t , 3 8 , 20 8, 225 H o u lb e r t , J o h n , 5 2 , 8 2 -3 , 20 0 , 2 1 7 , 2 2 5 ; P la te s 12 8 , 1 3 3 , 13 4 H o w it t , W illia m , 5 7 H u g h e s , J o h n , 5 9 ,6 0 ,2 0 8 , 2 2 5 , 2 2 8 , 2 4 7 ; P la te 68 H u is h , J o h n , 2 2 5 H u ls b e r g h , 3 9 -4 0 H u m e , S ir A b r a h a m , 2 0 H u rst, 44 , 2 25 H u sban d s, W a lt e r , 13, 203 H u s s , R ic h a r d , 6 6 , 2 2 5 ; P la te s 8 1 , 82 H u t c h is o n , Jam es, 9 1, 225 I n g r a m , S ir A r t h u r , 8, 208 I r e la n d , W illia m , 4 1 I r w in , 7 t h V i s c o u n t , 63 J a ck so n , A m o s , 2 2 5 J a ck so n , B e n ja m in , 5 1 J a c k so n , G e o r g e , 2 2 5 J a ck so n , J o h n , 2 7 , 2 2 5 Jacq u es, M r , 91 Ja m es I , 8, 30, 4 5 Jam es I I , 3 7, 4 1 , 42, 5 1 J a m e s E d w a r d , P r in c e , 4 2 J a m e s, J o h n , 3 5 , 4 4 , 2 0 3 , 228 J a n ss e n , S ir T h e o d o r e , 6, 20 7, 245 J e lfe , A n d r e w s , 6 1 J e m m e tt, T h o m a s , 2 2 5 -6 J e n k in s, J o h n , 2 0 7 , 2 2 6 ; P la te 94 J e n s e t, T . , 2 2 6 J o a c h in o , G io a n , 2 4 Joh n son , 79

Index o f Persons Jo h n so n , Joh n , 73 J o h n s o n , S a m u e l, 7 5 , 78 J o h n s to n e , J o h n , 8 1 , 89 J o h n s to u n , J o h n , 8 1 , 2 2 6 J o n e s , I n ig o , 1 , 3, 1 7 , 18 , 29. 3 L 34 . 36, 3 7 . 4 L 43) 6 4 , 65 Jonson, B en , 1 J u liu s I I , P o p e , 23 K a u ffm a n , A n g e lic a , 7 4 K a y , J o sia h , 53 K e a t i n g , 78 K e e n e , H e n r y , 66, 239 K e m p ste r, C h r is t o p h e r ,

38

K e n d a ll, R o b e r t, 22 6 K e n d a ll, W illia m , 2 5 ,2 2 0 , 226 K e n t , W illia m , 4 3 , 4 5 , 6 1 , 6 2 , 6 5 , 6 6 , 2 0 2 , 209, 2 1 4 , 2 2 8 ; P la te 7 1 K i b b l e w h i t e , 226 K id g e ll, H e n ry , 226 K ilm in s te r , 2 2 6 K i n g h o m e , 2 n d E a r l o f, 81 K i n g w o o d , T h o m a s , 36 K in s m a n , J o s e p h , 3 1 , 3 3, 226 K ip lin g , Joh n , 226 K n a t c h b u l l, S ir E d w a r d ,

L o u is X IV , K in g of F r a n c e , 3 7 , 53 L o v e ll , J a m e s, 2 2 7 L u m le y , J o h n , 4 9 L u m le y , L o r d R ic h a r d ,

57 L u n d y , L a d y , 227 L u n d y , L o rd , 227 L u n d y , W illia m , 2 2 7 L y b b e P o w y s , M r s , 63, 236 L ycen se, T h o m as, 227 L y t t e lt o n , S ir G e o r g e , 6 6 , 70 , 2 2 7 , 2 49 L y t t e lt o n , S ir R ic h a r d , 209 L y t t e lt o n , S ir T h o m a s , 3 M a b b s , R o b e r t, 2 2 7 M a b y n , L a w r e n c e , 200, 227 M a c C lu r e , Joh n , 2 2 7 M c C o n n ie , 91 M a c G i b b o n , 80 M a c g i l l , A le x a n d e r , 84 90, 23 0 M a c G la s h a n , 2 2 7 M a c k r e t h , J o h n , 62 M a c k y , J o h n , 84 M c Q u e e n , A le x a n d e r , 2 2 7 M a h a t lo e , R ic h a r d , 2 2 7 M a in e , J o n a th a n , 3 8 , 4 7 ,

M e d i c i , G i u l i o d e ’ , 23 M e ije r s , J a c q u e s , 7 2 M e l l i s h , S a m u e l, 4 9 , 2 2 1 M e t h u e n , P a u l, 7 1 , 2 4 7 M ic h e la n g e l o , 23 M i l d m a y , L o r d , 54 M i l h u m , A l i c e , 62 M il l e r , S a n d e r s o n , 6 6 , 7 0 , 2 3 0 , 2 4 9 ; P la te s 8 1 , 82 M ills , 245 M ills , P e te r , 3 1 -2 , 234 M in e s , J o h n , 230 M i n t o , L o r d , 86 M o n ta g u , C h a r le s , 1st D u k e o f M a n ch e ste r,

53 M o n ta g u , M r s , 70 M o n ta g u , R a lp h , 1st D u k e o f, 2 1 2 , 2 1 6 M o o r , R o b e r t, 66, 230 M o o r e , E d w a r d , 230 M o r e , T . , 230 M o r is o n , A le x a n d e r , 90, 2 3 0 ; P la t e 14 8 M o r is o n , J o h n , 2 3 0 ; P la te

154

O r a m , W illia m , 2 3 1 O s g o o d , R o b e r t, 43 O x f o r d , C o u n t e s s o f, 88 P a g e , Joseph, 23 1 P a in e , J a m e s, 1 7 , 1 9 , 5 7 , 63 . 6 4 , 7 3 , 7 5 , 90, 2 0 9 , 2 1 1 , 2 13 , 2 18 , 233, 236, 237, 238, 2 5 1, 2 52 ; P la te 80 P a in e , J o s e p h , 73 P a lla d io , A n d r e a , 3 , 18 ,

21,38 P a lm e r , J a m e s, 7 1 P a p w o r th , J o h n , 7 5 , 9 1 , 2 1 1 , 2 3 1-2 P a p w o rth , Jo h n B u o n a r o tti, 2 3 1 P a p w o rth , T h o m a s , 2 3 1 , 232 P a r k e r , W illia m , 5 1 - 2 , 6 3 , 7 8 , 2 3 2 ; P la te s 4 4 , 46 P a r k in , R o b e r t, 2 3 2 P a r lb y , 78 P a te r s o n , A n d r e w , 82 P a t e y , T h o m a s , P la te 83 P a tr ic k , W illia m , 85 P a tr o li, 2 3 2 , 238 P a tte r s o n , H e n r ie t t a , 2 1 1 P each am , H en ry, 30; P la te 1 1 P earce, E d w a rd , 4 7 , 52, 2 16 , 232 P e a r c e , W illia m , 2 3 2 , 2 3 9 P e a r t, C h a r le s , 2 3 2 P e lh a m , L o r d H e n r y , 6 2 , 2 14 P e lle g r in i, G i o v a n n i A n ­ to n io , 4 0 , 53 P e n n i, G i o v a n n i F r a n c e s c o , 23 P e p y s , S a m u e l, 4 , 16 P ercy, L o rd , 241 P e r r itt, A n n e , 2 3 3 P e r r it t , D o r o t h y , 2 3 3 P e r r itt, G r a c e , 23 3 P e r r itt, J o h n , 2 3 2 P e r r itt, J o n a th a n , 6 3 ,2 3 2 , 23 3 P e r r it t , T h o m a s , 1 3 , 1 6 1 7 . 5 7 . 6 3 -4 , 2 1 3 , 2 3 2 2 3 3 . 2 3 7 .2 5 0 i P la te s 7 6 , 7 7 . 78, 79 P e r r itt, W illia m , 2 3 2 , 2 3 3 P e r r o t, H e n r y , 58 P e r u z z i, B a ld a s s a r e , 23 P e r w ic k , E d m u n d , 2 3 3 P e te rb o ro u g h , H e n r y , 2 n d E a r l o f, 3, 5 1 P e te r s o n , R o b e r t, 240 P e t iv e r , J a m e s, 4 6 , 2 3 3 P e t iv e r , W illia m , 23 3 P e t tif e r , J a m e s, 4 5 - 6 , 2 0 7 , 2 3 0 , 2 3 4 ; P la te s 2 7 , 2 9 P h illip s , H e n r y , 3 6 , 38 P h illip s , J o h n , 6 7 P h illip s , L e o n a r d , 62 P ie r c e , E d w a r d , 3 1 P ie r r e p o in t, L a d y M a r y , 7 P ig g o tt, 2 34 P ir a n e s i, G io v a n n i B a t ­ tis ta , 18 , 19 P la y f a ir , W . H . , 9 1 , 9 2 P le y d e ll, S ir M a r k , 3 1 P lu m b , J. H . , 62 P lu r a , 5 4 , 6 1 , 2 0 3 , 2 2 8 , 2 3 4 , 2 4 5 , 2 4 8 ; P la te s

M o r is o n , Thom as, 90, 230 M o r r is , D a n i e l , 4 6 , 2 3 0 , 234 M o r r is , J a m e s, 2 3 3 M o r r is , R o g e r , 6 - 7 , 6 7 , 89 K n e lle r , S ir G o d f r e y , 7 3 M a i n i , C a t h e r in a d e , 200 M o r s e g n o , C a r lo P ie t r o , K n i g h t , W illia m , 2 5 202 M a is t e r , H e n r y , 2 3 1 L a g u e r r e , L o u i s , 4 6 , 48, M a lin g s , T h o m a s , 2 2 7 M o s s , T . , 230 M o t t , R ic h a r d , 6 4 , 2 3 0 , 4 9 , 50 S P la te 28 M a n s f ie ld , A n n e , 228 L a m b , W illia m , 22 6 237, 241 M a n s f ie ld , E liz a b e t h , 2 2 8 L a n c e , D a v i d , 4 4 , 4 5 , 50, M a n s f ie ld , H a n n a h , 228 M o u n t , J o h n , 2 43 6 1 , 2 2 1 , 2 2 6 , 2 50 M a n s f ie ld , I s a a c , 1 2 , 3 3 , M o u n t a i n , C h a r le s , t h e L a n c e , N ic h o la s , 2 2 6 e ld e r , 2 3 1 5 4 , 6 0 -2 , 6 6 , 7 4 , 20 4 , L a n e , J o h n , 59 13 -1 5 , 208, 2 1 4 , 2 2 5 , 2 2 7 -8 , M o x o n , J o s e p h , L a n g l e y , B a t t y , 66 2 1 -2 2 4 6 ; P la te s 4 9 , 7 1 L a n g le y , T h o m a s , 2 2 7 M a n s f ie ld , Is a a c , ju n io r , M u r r a y , J a m e s, 1 6 , 81 Lan scroon , G erard , 51 6 1, 62, 227 M y l n e , R o b e r t , 7 3 , 89 , L a s c e lle s , E d w a r d , 2 4 1 9 1, 232 M a n s f ie ld , 1 s t E a r l o f , 7 3 , L a u d e r d a le , J o h n M a i t ­ N a d u e, 43, 231 237, 241 la n d , D u k e o f, 8 1 - 2 , 83, M a n s f ie ld , M a r y , 228 N ash , John, 78, 245; 2 1 7 , 2 2 5 , 2 45 P la t e 1 1 8 M a n s f ie ld , R e b e c c a , 228 L e e , F r a n c is , 2 2 7 M a n s f ie ld , S a m u e l, 60, N e a l e , J o h n P r e s to n , 60 L e e , J a m e s, 2 9 , 2 2 7 N e e d h a m , Josh ua, 5 6 ,2 3 1 2 2 7 , 228 N e lt h o r p e , R ic h a r d , 2 3 1 L e e d s , T h o m a s O s b o r n e , M a n s f ie ld , S a r a h , 228 1 s t D u k e o f, 5 , 50 N e v il l e , C h a r le s , 7 2 M a n t l e , W illia m , 2 2 8 -9 L e g h , P e te r, 5 7 N e w d i g a t e , S ir R ic h a r d , M a r a t ti, C a r lo , 19 L e ic e s t e r , T h o m a s C o k e , M a r g e t t s , H e n r y , 4 3 , 50, 8, 46 1 st E a r l o f, 4 , 65 N e w d i g a t e , S ir R o g e r , 66 205, 2 19 , 222, 229 L e M u e t , P ie r r e , 82 M ark er, John, 13 , 229 N ic h o ls o n , P e te r, 5 7 , 7 8 , L e n s , B ern ard , 22 92 M a r lb o r o u g h , Sarah, L e o X , P o p e , 23 D u c h e s s o f, 6 - 7 , 6 1 , 7 2 N i c h o ls o n , T h o m a s , 2 2 4 , 231 L e o n i , G ia c o m o , 1 1 , 18 , M a r lb o r o u g h , J o h n , 1 s t N i c o ll , J o h n , 8 3 , 2 2 7 , 2 3 1 D u k e o f, 6 1 5 4 . 5 7 . 6 0 , 7 2 , 2 0 2 , 20 3 , 2 0 4 , 2 1 2 , 2 2 8 , 2 4 5 , 2 4 9 , M a r o t , D a n i e l, 7 2 ; P la te N i c o ls , F r a n c is , 84 , 2 1 8 , 250 231 39 L e P a u tr e , A n t o in e , 19 N o b le , H e n ry , 23 1 M a r s h a ll, E d w a r d , 36 L e R o y , J u li e n - D a v i d , 18 M a r t in , E d w a r d , 3 7 , 4 5 , N o lle k e n s , Joseph, 74, L e s te r , A b r a h a m , 84, 2 1 8 4 6 - 7 , 2 2 9 ; P la te s 3 0 , 3 2 231 L ia r d e t , J o h n , 7 2 - 3 , 7 4 M a r t in , J o h n , 3 7 , 4 6 , 2 2 9 N o r f o lk , D u c h e s s o f, 6 4 225 N o r f o lk , 9 t h D u k e o f, 64 M a r t in , T h o m a s , 7 L ic h f ie ld , 2 n d E a r l o f, M a r y , Q u e e n o f S c o t s , 28 N o r m a n , S a m u e l, 7 4 M a r y I , 24 N orm an by, L o rd , 5 55 L ig h t f o o t , L u k e , 240 N o r t h a m p t o n , E a r l o f, 7 7 M a r y I I , 4 2 , 43 L ig h t o le r , T h o m a s , 65 N o r t h u m b e r l a n d , M a s o n , G i l b e r t , 20 L in d e m a n n , M a g d a le n e M a s te r s , J o h n , 2 2 9 D u c h e s s o f, 6 7 M a rg re th e , 246 N o r th u m b e r la n d , 1 s t M a th e w s , Jo h n , 229 L in d o r e s , W illia m , 82, M a x w e ll , S ir John D u k e o f, 8, 6 7 , 2 3 9 , 2 0 0 , 2 1 7 , 2 2 7 ; P la te 12 5 2 4 1, 242, 244 S t ir lin g , 90 L i n g e n fa m ily , 8 M a y , H u g h , 32, 34, 36, N o r w ic h , E a rl o f, 3 L o b b , H e n r y , 43 N o s t , J o h n v a n , 48 3 7 , 4 5 j 523 22 3 L o ck , 227 M a y n a r d , T h o m a s , 5 9 , N o t t i n g h a m , 2 n d E a r l o f, P lu r a fa m ily , 2 3 4 L o c k e , John, 57 P o c o c k e , R ic h a r d , 68 , 8 4 2 46 5 . 43 85, 202, 2 1 0 -1 1 L o g t e r e n , J a n v a n , 5 9 , M a y n a r d , fa m ily , 5 9 , 2 4 6 O k e o v e r , L e a k , 6 0 , 2 4 7 P o lla r d , W illia m , 5 7 2 46 M e a d e , T h o m a s , 3 8 , 2 2 9 - O ld e lli, A lf o n s o , 2 0 1 P o p e , A le x a n d e r , 1 , 62 L o r im e r , S ir R o b e r t, O ld e lli, G i o v a n n i , 2 0 1 230 P la te 1 5 7 P o p e , W illia m , 2 3 4 O l ip h a n t , J o h n , 88 M e d c a lf e , 230 P o p p le w e ll, 2 4 1 L o u d e r , J a m e s, 2 2 7 O l i v e r , T h o m a s , 7 6 , 2 3 1 M e d i c i , G i o v a n n i d e ’ , 23

50

47,48

| 261

P o r d e n , W illia m , 2 0 6 , 2 1 2 P o r te r , T h o m a s , 5 1 , 2 3 4 P ovey, John, 51 P o w e ll, R o b e r t , 2 3 4 P o w e ll, T h o m a s , 2 3 4 P r a tt, G e o r g e , 3 1 P r a t t, S ir R o g e r , 4 , 1 3 , 1 8 , 20, 3 1 . 32, 36, 3 7 . 3 9 . 4 5 , 5 2 , 8 2, 2 2 2 P r ic e , J a m e s, 238 P r ic e , J o h n , 58 P r im a t ic c io , 25 P r it c h a r d , 2 4 1 P r itc h a r d , T h o m a s F a r n o lls , 7 6 P r it c h a r d , W illia m , 2 3 4 P u tt e n h a m , R ic h a r d , 2 3 4 P yco ck , A a ro n , 231 P y k e , Isaac, 72 P y l e , R o b e r t , 22 3 Q u a d r y , M a r t in o , 5 6 , 5 8 ,

249 Q u e llin , A r n o ld , 4 1 R a m s a y , A l l a n , 86 R a n d a l, J ., 2 3 4 R a p h a e l, 23 R e a d , 30 R e a d e , S ir W illia m , 2 9 R e n i, G u i d o , 1 9 R e sto n , Jo h n , 2 10 R e y n o ld s , S . W ., 206 R h o d e s , W illia m , 5 1 , 7 6 , 2 3 4 ; P la te 1 1 4 R ic c i, M a r c o , 53 R ic h a r d s , J a m e s, 6 0 , 6 1 R ic h a r d s o n , C a t h e r in e ,

235 R ic h a r d s o n , G e o r g e , 6 9 , 9 0 -1, 20 7, 2 3 1, 2 3 2 ,

234-5,238

R ic h m o n d , M a r y , 238 R ic h t e r , J o h n , 7 7 - 8 R i d , W i l l , 88 R i d le y , W illia m , 2 3 5 R o an e, T h o m a s , 235 R o b e r ts , J a m e s, 7 1 , 2 3 5 , 236 R o b e r ts , N ic h o la s , 2 3 5 R o b e r ts , T h o m a s , 60, 6 2 63. 6 5 .6 8 ,7 1 ,2 2 3 , 2 3 5 236, 247 R o b e r t s , W illia m , 7 1 , 2 3 5 , 236 R o b e r ts o n , G e o r g e , 7 4 R o b e r ts o n , P h ilip , 84, 8 9 , 2 18 , 236 R o b in s o n , 2 3 4 R o b in s o n , J o h n , 2 3 6 R o b in s o n , M is s , 7 4 R o b in s o n , P e t e r , 2 3 6 R o b in s o n , S a m u e l, 2 2 1 R o b in s o n , T h o m a s , 2 3 7 R o b in s o n , S ir T h o m a s ,

2 3 3 . 2 3 7. 240, 244 R o b in s o n , S ir W i llia m , 2 3 3 . 250 R o ch e ste r, Jo h n W ilm o t, 2 n d E a r l o f, 2 R o m a n o , G iu lio , 23, 25 R ose, Jacob, 237 R o s e , J o n a th a n , 6 4 , 2 3 7 , 2 3 8 , 2403 P la te 9 7 R o s e , J o s e p h , se n io r, 1 3 , 1 6 - 1 7 , 5 7 . 6 3 -4 . 68 , 6 9 , 7 3 . 7 4 . 90. 2 1 3 , 23 0 , 2 3 2 , 2 3 3 , 2 3 7 -8 . 2 3 9 , 2 4 1 , 2 4 4 , 2 5 2 ; P la te s 7 6 , 7 7 . 78 3 7 9 . 97 R o s e , J o s e p h , ju n io r , 1 6 1 7 , 2 0 , 6 8 , 69 , 7 4 , 7 5 , 7 6 -7 . 9 0 .2 1 1 ,2 1 4 , 2 1 5 , 224, 2 3 0 ,2 3 1 ,2 3 2 , 2 3 4 , 2 3 5 . 2 3 7 . 2 3 8 -4 4 , 2 4 9 ; P la te 1 1 2

262

| Index o f Persons

R o se , J o sep h , & C o ., 7 3 , 76, 2 3 1, 232, 238; P la te s 1 0 5 , 1 0 7 , 10 9 ,

hi R o s e , W illia m , 2 3 7 , 2 3 9 , 244 R o s e fa m ily , 68 , 7 1 , 7 4 , 247 R o s s , D a n ie l, 80, 84, 2 1 8 , 244 R o s s o F io r e n tin o , 25 R o t h w e ll, J a m e s, 2 4 4 R o t h w e ll, T h o m a s , 2 2 4 , 244 R o u b ilia c , L o u i s F r a n ­ c o is , 73 R o w e , W id o w , 3 8 , 2 4 5 R u d d e r , S a m u e l, 58 R u le , J o h n , 7 8 , 2 4 5 R y s b r a c k , M ic h a e l , 6 1 , 89 S a b b a t in i, A n d r e a , P la te 20 S a c k v ille fa m ily , 29 S t L o e , E liz a b e t h , se e S h r e w s b u r y , E liz a b e t h , C o u n te ss o f S t L o e , S ir W illia m , 2 6 , 28, S t M ic h e le , J o h n B a p t is t , 2 45 S a m p so n , J o h n , 245 S a m w e ll, W illia m , 3 7 San d b y, T h o m as, 73 S a n d e r s o n , J o h n , 60, 6 3 , 247 S a n d e r s o n , J o s e p h , 60, 247 S c a r s d a le , L o r d , 6 9 , 2 1 5 , 2 3 5 , 2 4 1 , 242 Sch eem a k ers, P e te r, 59 , 246 S c h la u n , J. C . , 202 S c o tt, T h o m a s , 2 3 1 S c u d a m o r e fa m ily , 5 2 S e a rle , C a t h e r in e , 2 3 1 S e a rle , R o b e r t, 2 3 1 S e f to n , T h o m a s , 2 4 5 S e lla r , 2 4 5 S e r e n a , C a r l o F e r d in a n d o , 2 4 5 S e r e n a , D o m e n ic o , 2 4 5 Seren a, F ra n cesco L e o n e , 55s 563 5 7 j 2 0 1 , 2 0 2 , 2 4 5 Seren a, G io v a n n i B a t­ t is ta , 2 45 S e r lio , S e b a s tio n , 2 1 Sh akesp ear, G e o r g e , 6 7 S h a n n , R o b e r t, 245 S h e ffie ld , L a d y , 2 7 Sh eph erd , E d w a rd , 2 19 , 245 S h e rw o o d , Joh n , 38, 46, 2 2 9 , 2 3 0 , 2 4 5 -6 S h erw ood , T h o m a s , 2 15 , 246 S h ir e s , R ic h a r d , 20 S h ir e s , R o b e r t , 240 S h ir le y , S ir R o b e r t, 3 1 Sh rew sbury, E liz a b e t h , C o u n t e s s o f, 1 0 , 1 3 , 2 6 2 7 , 28, 246

Sh rew sbu ry, G eorge T a l b o t , E a r l o f , 28 S h rew sb u ry, Jo h n T a lb o t, E a r l o f, 20 S im m o n s, R o b e r t, 246 S im o n , J a c o b , 63 S im p s o n , A r c h i b a l d , 9 1 , 92 S le t e r , F r a n c e s c o , 60, 20 4 S m ir k e , S ir R o b e r t , 7 8 , 9 1 , 9 2 , 206 S m i t h , A b r a h a m , 10 , 2 8 , 246 S m i t h , F r a n c is , 5 4 , 5 6 , 5 7 , 5 8 , 2 0 1 , 2 0 2 , 2 3 1 , 248 S m ith , Jam es, 8 3 , 84, 208 S m ith , J o h n , 92 S m it h , S a m u e l, 2 2 7 , 2 4 6 S m i t h , W i llia m , 6 3 , 2 1 6 , 238, 246, 252 S m y t h s o n , R o b e r t , 28 S n are, Q u in tin , 246 S n o w , W illia m , 2 3 2 , 2 3 9 , 246 S o a n e , S i r J o h n , 7 8 , 204, 2 0 5 , 209 S o m e r s e t , C h a r le s , 6 th D u k e o f, 4 9 , 2 2 6 S o m e r v ille , M a r y , 12 S p e n c e , T h o m a s , 24 0 Spen cer S ta n h o p e , W a lt e r , 8, 2 2 4 S ta n h o p e , L a d y M a r y , 49 S t a n le y , C a r l F r e d e r ic k , 246 S t a n le y , C h a r le s , 5 8 - 9 ,6 0 , 6 2 -3 , 68, 7 1 , 2 1 4 , 2 3 5, 2 3 6 , 2 4 6 - 7 ; P la te s 68,

6 9 > 7 ° s 7 4 * 75 S t a n le y , L o r d , 2 4 2 S t a n to n , M a r y , 7 0 S t a n to n , W illia m , 4 8 , 5 1 , 221 S ta n y o n , A b r a h a m , 2 4 7 S t a v e a c r e , J ., 2 4 7 S t e e d e , M il e s , 2 4 7 S te e le , R ic h a r d , 7 S te e r , F r a n c is , 64 S te v e n s o n , Jo h n , 2 4 7 S t o c k in g , M a r y , 2 4 7 S t o c k in g , T h o m a s , se n io r, 7 1 , 2 14 , 247 S t o c k in g , T h o m a s , ju n io r , 7

L 247

S to r e y , 2 4 7 -8 S to rm o n t, L o r d , 242 S t o t h a r d , T h o m a s , 206 S tr e e te r , R o b e r t , 3 6 , 4 1 S tro n g , T h o m a s , 38, 4 7 S tu a rt, Ja m es, 70 , 7 1 , 73 , 239, 2 42, 244 S t u a r t , W illia m , 5 9 S t u b b s , G e o r g e , P la te 9 7 S t u r m b e r g , J. C . , 5 8 , 2 4 6 S u m m e r s , 248 S w a n , 2 3 6 , 2 48 S y k e s , S ir C h r is t o p h e r , 244 S y k e s fa m ily , 2 4 4 S y m o n d s , R ic h a r d , 248

T a d d e i, 2 13 T a d d e i,

F rancesco, M ic h e l

67,

A n g e lo ,

67a 2 1 3 T a l m a n , W illia m , 5 , 3 5 , 4 2 , 4 3 , 46 , 48, 50, 5 1 , 2 2 1, 229, 234 T a y lo r , S ir R o b e r t, 7 3 T e n t o n , H e n r y , 248 T h a c k h a m , J a m e s, 248 T h a n e t , E a r l o f, 3 T h o m a s , Joseph , 7 1 , 247, 248 T h o m p s o n , J ., 2 48 T h o m s o n , 91 T h o r n h i l l, S ir J a m e s, 40, 44 -53 513 723 733 2 2 5 , 241 T h o r o ld , Joh n , 252 T h o r p e , F a t h e r , 68 T h o r p e , J a m e s, 7 5 , 248 T h y n n e , H . F ., 242 T h y n n e , S ir J o h n , 8, 26 T i j o u , Je a n , 4 9 , 50, 5 1 T itia n , 59 T o o g o o d , A r t h u r , 4 5 ,2 3 3 , 248 T o o g o o d , H e n r y , 248 T o o l e y , J o h n , 248 T o r r ig ia n o , P ie tr o , 2 4 T o w n e l e y , R ic h a r d , 19 ,

56

T o w n s h e n d , C h a r le s , 2 n d V is c o u n t , P la te 7 1 T r e v e ly a n , S ir C h a r le s ,

249 Tu cke, A n th o n y, 222, 248 T u c k e , R ic h a r d , 248 T u c k e fa m ily , 2 2 2 T u r n e r , L a u r e n c e , 4 6 , 80 T w e e d d a l e , M a r q u e s s o f, 84, 2 1 4 , 2 1 8 U d i n e , G io v a n n i B a ttis ta d a , 23 V a le n t in e , W . H . , 81 V a n b r u g h , S ir J o h n , 3 5 ,

443 5 L 5 2 , 533 543 6 1 , 66 , 7 2 , 83, 9 2 , 2 0 3 , 2 2 8 ; P la te 4 7 V a r d y , 65 V a s a r i, G i o r g io , 1 2 , 1 3 , 16 , 23 V a s s a lli, F r a n c e s c o , 1 6 , 193 553 5 6 -73 583 66 , 6 7 , 68 , 7 0 - 1 , 7 6 - 7 , 7 8 , 84, 8 5 -6 , 2 0 1 , 2 0 2 , 2 0 5 , 2 4 4 , 2 4 5 , 2 4 8 -9 ; P la te s 543 553 6 1 , 6 5 , 98 , 99 V a s s a lli, J o h n , 6 7 , 68 , 6 9 , 7 0 , 8 5, 8 6 ,2 4 8 ; P la te 99 V e r n e y , 2 n d E a r l, 240 V e m e y f a m ily , 2 V e r n o n , G e o r g e , 4 5 , 228 V e r n o n , M a r y , 45 V e r o n e s e , P a o lo , 38 V e r r io , A n t o n io , 3 7 - 8 , 4 1 ,

423 433 5i V e rtu e , G e o rg e , 49, 2 2 1,

24 5 V e r u la m , E a r l o f, 8

V ig n o la , G ia c o m o B a r o z z i da, 21 V in c e n t , H . , 1 7 V o s , M a r t in d e , 28 V r ie s , Ja n V r e d e m a n d e ,

29 W a k e fie ld , W illia m , 2 1 3 W a lk e r , D a v i d , 90 W a lk e r , T h o m a s , 2 4 9 W a lp o le , H o r a c e , 7 , 4 7 , 65, 66, 68, 7 7 , 2 0 2 , 204 W a lp o le , S ir R o b e r t, 7 , 62, 23 0 W a r d , M a tth e w , 249 W a r e , I s a a c , 6 5 , 78 W ark, D a v id , 72 , 73 W a r r e n , S ir G e o r g e , 2 4 2 W a ts o n , G r a c e , 250 W a t t , J a m e s, 7 6 W a u g h , G ilb e r t , 8 6 -7 W e a th e r ill, R o b e r t, 2 5 0 W e b b , J o h n , 3 1 , 3 2 , 34 , 36, 43, 44, 65, 2 22; P la te 19 W e b s t e r , E d w a r d , 238 W e d d le ( W e d d e ll) , W i l ­ lia m , 243 W e llin g s , 2 5 0 W e m y s s , D a v i d , E a r l o f, 231 W e n h a m , W illia m , 2 5 0 W e s t , J a m e s, 6 7 W e s t m o r la n d , 2 n d E a r l

of, 3 W e s t m o r la n d , J o h n F a n e , 7 t h E a r l o f, 5 9 -6 0 W e sto n , N e d , 250 W e t h e r id , F r a n c is , 36 W e t h e r ill, R ic h a r d , 4 4 ,4 5 W e t h e r ill, R o b e r t , 2 2 6 ; P la te 33 W h a rto n , T h o m a s , 250 W h a t s o n , W illia m , 2 3 3 , 250 W h it e , A le x a n d e r , 8 1, 2 5 0 ; P la te 12 4 W h it e , J o h n , 8 1 , 2 5 0 ; P la te 1 2 3 W h it e , T h o m a s , 2 2 1 , 2 3 1 , 250 W h ite h e a d , J a m e s, 2 5 0 W h ite h e a d , J o h n , 2 5 0 W h it n e y , G e o ffr e y , 30 W ilc o x , E d w a r d , 5 0 -1 W i lc o x , J o n a th a n , 4 8 , 5 1 W ilk e s , J o h n , 58 W ilk in s , C h r y s o s t o m , 40 , 4 4 , 20 0 , 2 0 5 , 2 0 7 , 2 0 8 , 209, 2 1 1 , 2 1 6 , 2 1 9 , 2 2 0 , 2 2 2 ,2 2 6 ,2 2 9 ,2 3 0 ,2 3 4 , 2 4 7, 248, 2 5 0 -1 W ilk in s , J o h n , 2 5 1 W ilk in s , W illia m , 2 5 1 W ilk in s o n , R ic h a r d , 2 5 1 W ila r d , T h o m a s , 5 9 W illia m I I I , 6 , 3 3 , 4 2 , 4 3 , 483 503 513 2 4 6 , 248 W illia m s , 2 5 1 W illia m s , C h a r le s , 26, 251

Willis, William, 57

W ills , J u d g e , 2 4 4 W ilm in g t o n , L o r d , 5 9 , 60 W ilm o tt, H u m p h r e y , 2 1 9 , 251 W ilm o tt, Jo h n , 2 5 1 W ils o n , E liz a b e t h , 2 1 0 W ils o n , R ic h a r d , 2 3 7 W ils o n , S ir W illia m , 2 1 5 , 216 W i lt o n , J o s e p h , 7 5 W ilt o n , W illia m , 6 2 , 6 5 , 75, 2 11, 251 W i n d e , W illia m , 1 9 , 4 2 , 473 48 -93 503 513 2 2 1 , 2 2 6 ; P la te 38 W in d h a m , W i llia m , 1 7 , 64 W i n n , S ir R o w la n d , 7 4 - 5 , 2 4 3 ; P la te 10 6 W in te r b u r n e , J o h n , 83 W is e , T h o m a s , 4 1 W o lf e , R e y n o l d , 30 W o l s e y , C a r d in a l, 2 4 W o ls t e n h o lm e , J o h n , 2 5 1 W o ls t e n h o lm e , T h o m a s , 251 W o o d , John, 2 51 W o o d , J o h n , t h e e ld e r , 220, 222 W o o d , Joseph, 2 5 1 W o o d , R o b e r t, 1 7 , 1 8 , 65, 7 6 , 8 8 ; P la t e 1 1 4 W o o ls t o n , J o h n , 2 5 0 , 2 5 1 2 52 W o r c e s te r , M a r q u e s s o f,

4

W o r r a ll, G e o r g e , 5 1 , 6 1 , 65, 228, 252 W o r r a ll, W illia m , 2 5 2 W o r tle y , E d w a r d , 7 W o t t o n , S ir H e n r y , 2 1 , 2 9 W r a g g , R . B ., 2 2 3 , 2 2 4 W r e n , S ir C h r is t o p h e r , 3 , 18 , 2 2 , 3 2 , 3 3 , 34-53 363

373 383 393 403 4 1-2 3 4 3 ,

44, 453 463 473 483 493 6 6 , 723 833 853 2 0 7 , 2 1 5 , 2 1 6 ,2 2 2 ,2 2 5 , 2 2 8 ,2 2 9 , 246 W r ig h t, G . N ., 220 W r ig h t, J o h n , 64, 2 1 7 , 23 7, 252 W r ig h t, T h o m a s , 252 W y a t t , B e n ja m in , 7 6 W y a t t , J a m e s, 1 9 , 6 6 , 6 9 , 733 7 6 -7 3 783 2 0 6 , 2 3 1 , 239, 240, 242, 2 4 4 ; P la te s 1 1 5 , 1 1 6 , 1 1 7 W y a tt, M a tth e w C o te s , 231 W y a t t , S a m u e l, 7 6 - 7 , 2 4 4 W y a t t fa m ily , 7 6 W y a t v i l l e , S ir J e ffr y , 3 7 , 2 0 5 , 20 6 W y n n , S ir W a t k in W i l ­ lia m s , 2 43 Y e a p e , W illia m , 2 5 2 Y em en s, John, 239 Y e n n , Jo h n , 239 Y ou n g, Th om as, 47 Z u c c a r e lli, F r a n c e s c o , 7 4