DATABOOK OF GREEN SOLVENTS 9781927885437, 1927885434, 9781927885444, 0107081997

Table of contents :
Content: 1. What does make solvent green? 2. Information on the data fields 3. Solvents 3.1 Biodegradable solvents 3.2 Biorenewable solvents 3.3 Deep eutectic solvents 3.4 Esters 3.5 Fatty acid methyl esters 3.6 Generally recognized as safe, GRAS, solvents 3.7 Generic solvents 3.8 Hydrofluoroethers 3.9 Ionic liquids 3.10 Perfluorocarbons 3.11 Siloxanes 3.12 Sulfoxides 3.13 Supercritical fluids 3.14 Terpenes

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 



Published by ChemTec Publishing 38 Earswick Drive, Toronto, Ontario M1E 1C6, Canada © ChemTec Publishing, 2014, 2019 ISBN 978-1-927885-43-7 (hardcover).--ISBN 978-1-927885-44-4 (PDF) Cover design: Anita Wypych

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form or by any means without written permission of copyright owner. No responsibility is assumed by the Author and the Publisher for any injury or/and damage to persons or properties as a matter of products liability, negligence, use, or operation of any methods, product ideas, or instructions published or suggested in this book.

Library and Archives of Canada Cataloguing in Publication Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Wypych, Anna, 1937-, author Databook of green solvents / Anna & George Wypych. -2nd edition. Includes bibliographical references and index. Issued in print and electronic formats. ISBN 978-1-927885-43-7 (hardcover).--ISBN 978-1-927885-44-4 (PDF) 1. Solvents--Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Green chemistry-Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Wypych, George, author II. Title. III. Title: Green solvents. TP247.5.W93 2019

661’.807

C2018-904003-3 C2018-904004-1

Printed in United States, United Kingdom, France, and Australia

1 What does make solvents green? Green Chemistry can be defined as the design, manufacture, and application of chemical products and processes aiming at reducing or eliminating the use and generation of hazardous substances. The term “hazardous” includes physical hazards such as explosiveness, flammability, volatility, health hazards such as acute and chronic toxicity, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, reproduction/developmental toxicity, ecological toxicity, and biodegradability. Paul Anastas formulated 12 principles of green chemistry, some of which have relevance to the selection of processes including application of solvents. The most relevant points of these principles include: - prevention of wastes - energy efficiency - renewable feedstock - benign chemistry - pollution prevention (design for degradation) The above points coincide with denominators of hazardous substances listed in the first paragraph. Search for replacement of the toxic materials by more benign alternatives has been a goal from the beginning of chemistry, but it has become the priority in the last decades. Solvents are volatile organic compounds, and as such, they are very useful in industrial applications, but at the same time they increase the risk of fire and explosion and are frequently released to the atmosphere where they may act as air pollutants, cause ozone depletion, photochemical smog, and global warming. Toxicity of many commercial solvents is common knowledge as it is their negative effect on plants and animals. Some of the most toxic solvents have already been eliminated, and solvent toxicity is closely monitored and regulated by such organizations as ACGIH, NIOSH, IARC, NTP, OSHA, WHO, and many others to propose proper measures of their safer use. Many commercial solvents are products of the petrochemical industry, and these are also under scrutiny because of their use of nonrenewable resources. Many avenues are explored to replace them with products that can be manufactured from the agricultural stock. This book contains data on 14 groups of green solvents. Biodegradable solvents answer the need for pollution prevention. Natural attenuation is the most desirable process for contaminated site remediation. It requires proper conditions and solvents which biodegrade under these conditions. The biodegradable solvent is considered an environmentally-friendly product, capable of decomposing back into simple elements. Bio-derived chemicals are frequently environmentally benign, and they have short regeneration cycles which meet the demands of a sustainable chemical industry. The biggest challenge in the design is to match properties of presently used solvents from non-renewable stock.

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Deep eutectic solvents consist subgroup of eutectic solvents that is now under excessive studies. The studies aim at their application in solar cells, metal cleaning prior to electroplating, lithium-ion batteries, electric double layer capacitors, etc. Some deep eutectic solvents are known from nature (e.g., glucose or fructose combined with malic, maleic or citric acids).

Many esters are considered as the green solvents. They are either obtained by synthetic pathways from various substrates that can be obtained by biosynthesis or from fatty acids by methylation. Especially the last group becomes popular because it targets replacement of particular commercial solvents. Their properties are specifically targeted to mimic some physical properties of hazardous solvents. Some chemical compounds which can be used as the green solvents can be added to foods and for this reason, they are known as “generally recognized as safe”. Acids, esters, water and some other compounds belong to this group. There is also a long list of generic solvents that are considered as the green solvents. This group includes alcohols, esters, ethers, glycols, hydrocarbons, lactones, and a few other compounds. This list is changing rapidly in the last five years (from the previous edition) 19 solvents were dropped from this list. Hydrofluoroethers are being used as the third-generation replacements to chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, and perfluorocarbons because of their nearly zero stratospheric ozone depletion and relatively low global warming potential. They are cleaning solvents, blowing agents, refrigerants, and dry-etching agents in semiconductor manufacture. Ionic liquids are the most published about a group of solvents. There is a lot of information on their various potential applications, but surprisingly few commercial products, which are all included for reference in the book. They are salts in a liquid state, made of ions or ion pairs. Perfluorocarbons are made of carbon and fluorine. They are commonly used in electronics, refrigeration, fire extinguishing, cosmetics and medical applications. The main issue with their use is their very high global warming potential (5,000-10,000 times higher than carbon dioxide), for this reason, they are controlled under Kyoto Protocol. Some siloxanes found applications as niche solvents in cosmetics, medicine, cooking oils, drycleaning, and many other products. These siloxanes are non-toxic, but they are not biodegradable. They are absorbed in water treatment facilities. Sulfoxides are non-toxic, easily biodegradable, common laboratory solvents. They are also used in electronics and liquid-vapor extraction. There are quite a few supercritical fluids which can be used as solvents but only carbon dioxide has found applications. It is an exemplary green solvent since it is available in abundance and non-toxic. Its only drawback is its participation in global warming. Group of terpenes contains many natural products readily available in citrus fruits. They have found numerous applications as cleaners and degreasers.

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It is quite apparent that many new green solvents are not as well studied as their traditional commercial counterparts. Not only their health effects but also an environmental impact were not carefully studied before implementation. Many were introduced based on premises that because they are naturally occurring materials usually coming from plants they are familiar to bioflora and agreeable with living things. It is known from many previous studies that this is not a correct assumption because the impact of material is controlled by its concentration, its own properties, and properties of its degradation products. For example, perfluorocarbons have very high global warming potential but they are released in such small quantities that their impact is negligible as compared with carbon dioxide. Also, many compounds in their original form are non-toxic to people and environment but their degradation products are. For example, ionic liquids are well known for their low volatility but they can enter the environment by other means. Ecotoxicity studies have shown that some ionic liquids are toxic to the environment.1 In the green ionic liquids, long hydrophobic alkyl chains and polar functional groups in substituent are not recommended for toxicity and biodegradability reasons.2 Imidazolium cores are also not suitable for green applications.2 Similarly, fluorinecontaining ionic liquid anions should not be used for toxicity and biodegradability reasons.2 Also, their corrosivity is regarded as an important issue, and chemical incompatibilities are evaluated.3 It can be easily predicted from the properties of solvents included in this book and a few examples given above that for any given solvent it will be still difficult to fulfill all requirements of the green material listed in the second paragraph of this chapter. Therefore, some ranking of the greenness of solvents is required. Such attempt is referred elsewhere.4 In this proposal, solvent ranking is based on five categories: environmental waste, environmental impact, health, safety, life cycle assessment. Environmental health and safety ranking including water hazard, air hazard, persistence, chronic toxicity, irritation, acute toxicity, reaction/decomposition, fire/explosion, and release potential were used to generate the most recent green solvent list applied in the revision of this edition.5 The field of green solvents changes rapidly and continuously. It can be well evidenced from the turnover of solvents in this book. Forty-five solvents included in the previous edition are not produced or considered green anymore and they are replaced in the book by about 70 new solvents considered as green replacements of the presently used products.

References 1 2 3 4 5

Zhao, D, Liao, Y, Zhang, Z, Clean - Soil, Air, Water, 35, 1, 42-48, 2007. Bubalo, M C, Rodoseic, K, Redovnikovic, I R, Halamber, J, Srcek, V G, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety, 99, 1-12, 2014. Diallo, A O, Len, C, Morgan, A B, Marlair, G, Separation Purification Technol., 97, 228-34, 2012. Weis, D C, Visco, D P, Computers Chem. Eng., 34, 1018-29, 2010. Byrne, F P, Jin, S, Paggiola, G, Petchey, T H M, Clark, J H, Farmer, T J, Hunt, A J, McElroy, C R, Sherwood, J, Sustain.Chem. Process., 4, 7-24, 2016.

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2 Information on data fields The fields used in the databook are listed in alphabetical order. The information on data in a particular field includes glossary of term, unit of measurement, typical methods used to measure quantities available in the databook. A Acceptor number, AN, is a quantitative measure or Lewis acidity as devised by Gutmann. A A specific type of equilibrium constant that indicates the extent of dissociation of hydrogen ions from an acid. While strong acids dissociate practically completely in solution and consequently have large acidity constants, weak acids do not fully dissociate and generally have acidity constants far less than 1. A Twenty-five grams of a solvent is placed in 125 ml Erlenmeyer flask and 50 ml alcohol is added to dissolve the sample. If the sample is not completely soluble, 50 ml of equal amounts of alcohol and acetone are used. This sample is titrated with 0.01N NaOH or KOH in the presence of bromothymol blue used as an indicator. ISO standard uses a method of titration similar to just described ASTM standard but phenolphthalein is used as an indicator and 0.1 N NaOH is used as a titrating agent. The results are expressed in mg KOH per 1 g of sample. A Abbreviations of solvent names can be found in the standard terminology (ASTM D160014 Standard Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics). ISO standard has a separate section for symbols used for additives (ISO 1043-3:1996 Plastics -- Symbols and abbreviated terms -- Part 3: Additives). In addition to the abbreviations for individual additives, Annex A contains a list of symbols for solvent components (alcohol part, acid part, and other elements of composition). Abbreviations of solvents used in rubber are given in a separate standard (ISO 6472:2010 Rubber compounding ingredients -- Abbreviations). A Method of solvent application (e.g., spraying, dipping, etc.). ADR/RID A number corresponding to one of the eight classes of cargo defined in the European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR) or the International Regulations concerning the Transport of Dangerous goods by Rail (RID). A , Acute toxicity describes the adverse effects resulting from a single exposure to a substance. Typical methods of measurement include LD50 which is the amount of a solid or liquid material that is required to kill 50% of test animals in one dose.

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A The minimum temperature for complete miscibility of equal volumes of aniline and the sample under test. Products containing aromatics or naphthenes have lower aniline points than products containing paraffins. A A constant of Antoine equation: log10(P) = A − [B / (T + C)], where P is vapor pressure in bars, T is temperature in Kelvin, and A, B, C are constants. The Antoine equation is a simple 3-parameter fit to experimental vapor pressures measured over a restricted temperature range. Sublimation and vaporization of the same substance have separate sets of Antoine coefficients, as do components in mixtures. The Antoine equation is accurate to a few percent for most volatile substances (with vapor pressures over 10 Torr). A The range of temperatures in which given set of constants gives correct values. A The adverse effects to marine life (aquatic organisms) that result from exposure to a toxic substance. Aquatic toxicity can be expressed as the lethal concentration of a chemical substance in miligrams per liter that caused death to 50% population of aquatic species (LC50) during a time of experiment (usually 24, 48 or 96 hours). A The time required for the concentration of a pollutant or reactant to fall to one-half of its initial value. A The lowest temperature at which a material will ignite and sustain combustion in the absence of a spark or flame. The properties of liquid can be tested by standardized methods (ASTM E659-14 Standard Test Method for Autoignition Temperature of Liquid Chemicals). The ignition temperature is the temperature in degrees Centigrade at which the substance shows spontaneous combustion when touching hot bodies. B It is the ratio of a substance’s concentration in tissue of an aquatic organism to its concentration in the ambient water, in situations where the organism is exposed through the water only and the ratio does not change substantially over time B The probability that an organic substance will biodegrade under aerobic conditions. This field includes the general statements regarding biodegradation probability of solvents. Experimental data are included in the following fields: Biological Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand, and Theoretical Oxygen Demand. B O D The biological oxygen demand, BOD, is the mass concentration of dissolved oxygen consumed under specific conditions in a given time (e.g., BOD-5 stands for 5 days test) by the aerobic biological oxidation of a chemical or organic matter in water. BOD is an empirical test, which evaluates the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of organic compounds in water. Databook of Green Solvents, 2nd Edition/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

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The following ISO standards can be applied: ISO 10708:1997 Water quality -- Evaluation in an aqueous medium of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of organic compounds -- Determination of biochemical oxygen demand in a two-phase closed bottle test and ISO 58151:2003 Water quality -- Determination of biochemical oxygen demand after n days, BODn. B The boiling point is the temperature in degrees Centigrade at which the substance undergoes transition from the liquid into the gaseous phase under normal pressure.

B In order to assess bioaccumulation of substance, a test organism such as Bluegill sunfish, Daphnia magna, Fathead minnow, Rainbow trout, or other is selected. The test substance is administered as a suspension directly into the water. A test organism is observed by a specified number of hours. If deleterious effects, due either to toxicity or pathogenicity are observed, sequentially lower doses should be tested. The experiment should establish LC50 value for a particular substance and a test organism (LC50 is a dose required to kill 50 percent of the test organisms). C A carcinogenic material is one that is known to cause cancer. The process of forming cancer cells from normal cells or carcinomas is called carcinogenesis. A summary of findings included in this field is based on general principles of material assessment, which includes: a  There is limited evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in humans. A cause and effect interpretation is credible, but that alternative explanations such as chance, bias, other variables etc. cannot be ruled out. Again, science can never prove a hypothesis, only disprove one. Scientific “facts” are established only when a preponderance of the evidence supports a hypothesis and there is 1) no evidence to disprove it and 2) no equally viable alternative hypotheses. b  There is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals, which indicates there is an increased incidence of malignant and/or a combination of malignant and benign tumors (1) in multiple species or at multiple tissue sites, or (2) by multiple routes of exposure, or (3) to an unusual degree with regard to incidence, site, or type of tumor, or age at onset. c  There is less than sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in humans or laboratory animals; however, the substance is structurally related to other materials that are either human carcinogens or reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogens. d  There is convincing relevant information that the material acts through mechanisms that are likely to cause cancer in humans. Carcinogenicity lists are maintained by NTP, IARC, and OSHA. CAS A number assigned by the Chemical Abstracts Service that uniquely identifies a chemical substance. C Non-systematic classification of solvents based on their main component. C Amount of oxygen required for the chemical oxidation or decomposition of compounds in water.

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C A chronic health effect is an adverse health effect resulting from long-term exposure to a substance. The effects could be a skin rash, bronchitis, cancer or any other medical condition. The term is also applied to a persistent (months, years or permanent) adverse health effect resulting from a short-term (acute) exposure. C The ratio of the weight of an object being moved along a surface and the force that maintains contact between the object and the surface. C The coefficient of thermal expansion is a fractional increase in volume per unit rise in temperature. C () Concentration of pure sovent used for a particular purpose. C This field gives a description of color that is typical of commercial product or pure specimen. C Many solvents have commercial names (see under label – Name). This frequently does not permit to recognize chemical composition of the solvent. Common name helps in recognition of chemical nature of material. C Common synonym has similar application as the Common name. It is used to help in identification of chemical nature of the product. C Aqueous material that has a pH less than or equal to 2 or greater than or equal to 12.5, meets the definition of “characteristic of corrosivity” as defined in 40 CFR 261.22. A material with a pH below 2 is strongly acidic, while a material with a pH above 12.5 is strongly basic. Liquid material that corrodes steel at a rate greater than 6.35 mm (0.250 inch) per year is also defined as corrosive.

D In order to assess bioaccumulation of substance, a test organism such as Bluegill sunfish, Daphnia magna, Fathead minnow, Rainbow trout, or other is selected. The test substance is administered as a suspension directly into the water. A test organism is observed by a specified number of hours. If deleterious effects, due either to toxicity or pathogenicity are observed, sequentially lower doses should be tested. The experiment should establish LC50 value for a particular substance and a test organism (LC50 is a dose required to kill 50 percent of the test organisms).

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D Davies scale or the hydrophile-lipophile balance, HLB, is an empirical, parameter. HLB number = (hydrophilic groups) + (lipophilic groups) + 7. The HLB was originally developed as a scale to classify the relative effectiveness of nonionic surfactants at forming stable emulsions at room temperature. Surfactants with HLB values between 0 and 4 are water/oil emulsifiers, surfactants with HLB values between 6 and 10 are wetting agents, and surfactants with HLB values between 12 and 18+ are oil/water emulsifiers. D Donor number, DN, is a qualitative measure of Lewis basicity. A donor number is defined as the negative enthalpy value for the 1:1 adduct formation between a Lewis base and the standard Lewis acid SbCl5 (antimony pentachloride), in dilute solution in the noncoordinating solvent 1,2-dichloroethane with a zero DN. The units are kilocalories per mole for historical reasons. The donor number is a measure of the ability of a solvent to solvate cations and Lewis acids. The method was developed by Gutman. DOT Transportation instructions require DOT Hazard Class in which materials are divided into the following classes: 1 – Explosives, 2 – Gases, 3 – Flammable and combustible liquids, 4 – Flammable spontaneously combustible solids, 5 – Oxidizers & organic peroxides, 6 – Poisonous & infectious materials, 7 – Radioactive materials, 8 – Corrosives, 9 – Miscellaneous. In addition UN number and packaging group is also given. EC Number assigned by the EU commission to a substance (previously EINECS and ELINCS) which to identify a compound. E A measure of the ability of a material to conduct an electric current between electrodes placed in it. It is usually expressed in microsiemens or picosiemens per centimeter. E The empirical formula is the molecular formula of a chemical compound. The order of atoms follows the Hill system which is utilized by the Chemical Abstracts Services and by the Beilstein Institute. Within the empirical formula C is the first element symbol, H is the second, the other element symbols are added in alphabetical order. The empirical formula does not take into account of any crystal water content. Using this field for searches requires that the above guidelines are strictly followed. E Enthalpy is a thermodynamic function of a system, equivalent to the sum of the internal energy of the system plus the product of its volume multiplied by the pressure exerted on it by its surroundings. Conversion into vapor, requires the absorption of the enthalpy of vaporization. E Internal energy of the system changes with temperature therefore the value of enthalpy of evaporation also depends on temperature.

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E An evaporation rate is the rate at which a material will vaporize (evaporate, change from liquid to vapor) compared to the rate of vaporization of a specific known material (butyl acetate and ether typical reference liquids). This quantity is a ratio, therefore it is unitless. E , , LEL The explosion limits are the lower and the upper border concentration in volume percent of a flammable gas or vapor mixed with air between which the mixture can be made to explode by heating or by a spark. E , , UEL The explosion limits are the lower and the upper border concentration in volume percent of a flammable gas or vapor mixed with air between which the mixture can be made to explode by heating or by a spark. E The information included in this field comes from existing human experience, animal observations related to the potential irritation of human eye, and in vitro studies.

F In order to assess bioaccumulation of substance, a test organism such as Bluegill sunfish, Daphnia magna, Fathead minnow, Rainbow trout, or other is selected. The test substance is administered as a suspension directly into the water. A test organism is observed by a specified number of hours. If deleterious effects, due either to toxicity or pathogenicity are observed, sequentially lower doses should be tested. The experiment should establish LC50 value for a particular substance and a test organism (LC50 is a dose required to kill 50 percent of the test organisms). F A list of features provided by an solvent and benefits of its use as suggested in manufacturer’s literature. F Emergency treatment administered to an injured or sick person before professional medical care is available. F The flash point is the lowest temperature in degrees Centigrade at which so much vapor develops under normal pressure that it results in a flammable mixture together with the air over the liquid level. Different methods are used in the test with Cleveland cup being the most suitable method for testing solvents. Cleveland open cup is used to determine flash and fire points of liquids with flash point above 79oC and below 400oC, such as solvents (ASTM D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup). Standard gives the methods of determination using manual and automatic Cleveland open cup apparatus. About 70 ml of test liquid is heated first rapidly then slowly on approaching an expected flash point. Test flame is applied to surface to ignite vapors. Test flame is natural or bottled gas flame (full description included in the standard). Test flame is applied first when the temperature is 28oC below expected flash point and then in 2oC intervals. The flash point is the lowest temperature at which vapors are ignited by the test flame. Databook of Green Solvents, 2nd Edition/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

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F The following abbreviations are used to describe the method that was used for the data included in the field “Flash point”: CC – closed cup, CCTC – closed cup tag closed, COC – Cleveland open cup, OC – open cup, PMCC - Pensky-Martens closed cup, TCC- tag closed cup, TOC – tag open cup F The temperature at which the liquid and solid phases of a substance of specified composition are in equilibrium at atmospheric pressure. G The ratio of the warming caused by a substance to the warming caused by a similar mass of carbon dioxide. H The total Hildebrand solubility parameter is obtained by addition of the three types of polar interactions: dispersion, polar and hydrogen interactions. Hansen determined the numerical values for the three parameters in the following way: First, the dispersion force is calculated using the homomorph method. The homomorph of a polar molecule is the non-polar molecule most closely resembling it in size and structure. The Hildebrand value for the nonpolar homomorph is assigned to the polar molecule as its dispersion component value. This dispersion value is then subtracted from the Hildebrand value and the remainder designated as a value representing the total polar interaction of the molecule. Through trial and error experimentation on numerous solvents and polymers, Hansen separated the polar value into polar and hydrogen bonding component parameters best reflecting empirical evidence. H It is the quantity of heat liberated per unitary weight when a substance undergoes complete oxidation. It is expressed in MJ per kg. H ’ The solubility of a gas in a liquid is proportional to the pressure of the gas over the solution. Henry law constant is a proportionality factor of this relationship. H The square root of the cohesive energy density as a numerical value indicating the solvency behavior of a specific solvent. HMIS A rating system (HMIS - Hazardous Materials Identification System) has been devised by The National Paint Coatings Association to assist emergency responders. The following are the simple explanations of numerical symbols. Health: 0 – Like ordinary material, 1 – Slightly hazardous, 2 – Hazardous – use breathing apparatus, 3 – Extremely dangerous – use full protective clothing, 4 – Too dangerous to enter – vapor or liquid. Flammability: 0 – Will not burn, 1 – Must be preheated to burn, 2 – Ignites when moderately heated, 3 – Ignites at normal temperature, 4 - Extremely flammable. Reactivity: 0 – Normally stable, 1 – Unstable if heated – use normal precaution, 2 – Violent chemical change possible – use hose from distance, 3 – Strong shock or heat may detonate – use monitors, 4 – May detonate – evacuate area if materials are exposed to fire. Databook of Green Solvents, 2nd Edition/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

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H It is hydroxyl rate constant of reaction with ozone in the atmosphere. ICAO/IATA Classification for transport by cargo aircraft. The statements are based on the Dangerous Goods Regulation issued by IATA (International Air Transport Association). The class and the packaging group are stated. No account is taken of special regulations stipulated by individual countries or airlines. IMDG This field contains the hazard classification for transport by sea. I Ingestion is the act of taking something (food, medicine, liquid, poison, etc.) into a body through the mouth. Synonyms include “swallowing”, “taking internally”, or “eating”. I Inhalation is the drawing of air or other substances (fumes, mists, vapor, dust, etc.) into lungs (the respiratory system). Common synonym is “breathing in”. IUPAC International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, IUPAC, standardized names of organic compounds and created a systematic naming system which is given here. K The Kauri-butanol number, KB, is defined as the number of milliliters of a liquid at 20°C required to reach the cloud point when titrated against 20 gram of a standard 20% Kauri resin (polar nature) solution. LC50 Lethal Concentration 50, LC50, is the concentration of a chemical which kills 50% test animal population. This measure is generally used when test animals are exposed to a test chemical in form of gas or mist. LD50 Lethal Dose 50, LD50, is the dose of a chemical which kills 50% of a sample population. In full reporting, the dose, treatment and observation period should be given. Further, LD50, LC50, ED50 and similar figures are strictly only comparable when the age, sex and nutritional state of the animals is specified. M The name of manufacturer is given for commercial solvents having a particular brand name. For generic compounds the name of manufacturer(s) is also frequently suggested. M Information helps to distinguish between solvent composed of a single component or mixture of chemical compounds.

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M Moisture concentration in a commercial solvent as declared by its manufacturer. M Molar volume is equal to the atomic weight divided by the density. M Indicated whether substance is included or not in Montreal protocol to be eliminated. M The sum of the atomic weights of all the atoms in a molecule. The weight of a molecule of any gas or vapor as compared with the hydrogen atom as a standard. M The capacity of a chemical or physical agent to cause permanent alteration of the genetic material within living cells. Tests of chemical substances and physical agents for mutagenic potential include microbial, insect, mammalian cell, and whole animal tests. N A proper name is used, which, in the case of commercial product, is a brand name given by manufacturer, and the most commonly used name in the case of generic compounds. NFPA classification A rating system has been devised by the National Fire Protection Association, NFPA, to assist emergency responders. The following are the simple explanations of numerical symbols. Health: 0 – Like ordinary material, 1 – Slightly hazardous, 2 – Hazardous – use breathing apparatus, 3 – Extremely dangerous – use full protective clothing, 4 – Too dangerous to enter – vapor or liquid. Flammability: 0 – Will not burn, 1 – Must be preheated to burn, 2 – Ignites when moderately heated, 3 – Ignites at normal temperature, 4 - Extremely flammable. Reactivity: 0 – Normally stable, 1 – Unstable if heated – use normal precaution, 2 – Violent chemical change possible – use hose from distance, 3 – Strong shock or heat may detonate – use monitors, 4 – May detonate – evacuate area if materials are exposed to fire. NIOSH-IDHL Concentration Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health, defined by the NIOSH as follows: “that poses a threat of exposure to airborne contaminants when that exposure is likely to cause death or immediate or delayed permanent adverse health effects or prevent escape from such an environment.” IDLH values are often used for the selection of breathing apparatus that must be available to workers or firefighters in a given situation. NIOSH REL National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, NIOSH, recommended exposure limits (RELs) will be based on risk evaluations using human or animal health effects data, and on an assessment of what levels can be feasibly achieved by engineering controls and measured by analytical techniques. The RELs are given in either mg/m3 or ppm.

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O Any property detected by the olfactory system. In the case of chemical materials and particularly solvents it helps to distinguish different materials and select non-intrusive materials for application. O Odor threshold is a mean detection threshold, which identifies the concentration at which 50 percent of a human (or animal) panel can identify the presence of an odor or odorant without characterizing the stimulus. OSHA Occupational Safety & Health Administration, OSHA, provided a definition of hazardous and non-hazardous substances as per OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1200. OSHA PEL A Permissible Exposure Limit, PEL, is the maximum amount or concentration of a chemical that a worker may be exposed to under the U.S. Occupational Health and Safety Administration, OSHA, regulations. The PELs are given mg/m3 or ppm. O Any properties which may be useful in evaluation or application of material O The most important properties, which may help in selection for application. O Ozone depletion potentials (ODPs) provide a relative measure of the expected impact on stratospheric ozone per unit mass emission of a gas, as compared to that expected from the same mass emission of CFC-11 integrated over time. O The rate constant for the reaction of ozone with an organic compound. P The organic carbon adsorption coefficient, Koc, is only applicable for individual substances. The Koc can generally be calculated from the octanol/water partition coefficient, Kow. The following equation can be used: log Koc = 0.937 (log Kow) - 0.006. The log Kow is determined in a laboratory without the use of organisms. It is a measure of how polar the substance is by determining whether the substance partitions primarily to water or to octanol. Substances that partition primarily to octanol are likely to bioaccumulate in the fat of organisms. pH The pH value is the negative decadic logarithm of the concentration of hydrogen ions (dimensionless). P An empirical scale of solvent polarity, which includes meanwhile a large number of molecular solvents and solvent mixtures. Polarity parameter is determined by the position of the maximum absorption band of the betaine dye in the presence of tested substance. Databook of Green Solvents, 2nd Edition/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

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P This field is used primarily in the case of solvents to suggest substitutes having lower toxicity, being more friendly to environment, lowering energy use, or coming from sources which do not deplete resources P Manufacturers recommendations are given. P Components of formulated products are given if available. P A shipping name of product as defined by the US Department of Transportation, which can be found in Hazardous Materials Table (Title CFR49).

R In order to assess bioaccumulation of substance, a test organism such as Bluegill sunfish, Daphnia magna, Fathead minnow, Rainbow trout, or other is selected. The test substance is administered as a suspension directly into the water. A test organism is observed by a specified number of hours. If deleterious effects, due either to toxicity or pathogenicity are observed, sequentially lower doses should be tested. The experiment should establish LC50 value for a particular substance and a test organism (LC50 is a dose required to kill 50 percent of the test organisms). R Manufacturers recommendations are given as to the product application for manufactured goods. R Manufacturers recommendations are given in this field. R The ratio of the velocity of propagation of an electromagnetic wave in vacuum to its velocity in the medium. It is a parameter that helps to identify chemical compounds and means of their selection for use in compositions having predesigned optical properties. Refractive index has been measured at two temperatures 20 and 25oC unless otherwise indicated. R The dielectric constant is a measure of the behavior of the substance when introduced into an electric field (it indicates the multiple to which the capacity of a condenser increases if the substance is between the plates instead of vacuum). R / Reproduction toxicity represents any effect on fertility and reproduction that can adversely affect the continuation of the species. Developmental toxicity is any adverse effect induced during the developmental period, i.e. from conception through puberty. The major manifestations of developmental toxicity include death of the developing organism, structural

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15

abnormalities, altered growth and functional deficiencies. Developmental toxicity can be considered a component of reproductive toxicity, and sometimes it is difficult to distinguish between effects mediated through the parents versus direct interaction with developmental processes. R The method by which a material enters the body; includes absorption (eye or skin contact), ingestion, and inhalation. RTECS The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS®) is a comprehensive database of basic toxicity information for over 150,000 chemical substances including: prescription and non-prescription drugs, food additives, pesticides, fungicides, herbicides, solvents, diluents, chemical wastes, reaction products of chemical waste, and substances used in both industrial and household situations. Reports of the toxic effects of each compound are cited. In addition to toxic effects and general toxicology reviews, data on skin and/or eye irritation, mutation, reproductive consequences and tumorigenicity are provided. Federal standards and regulations, NIOSH recommended exposure limits and information on the activities of the EPA, NIOSH, NTP, and OSHA regarding the substance are also included. The toxic effects are linked to literature citations from both published and unpublished governmental reports, and published articles from the scientific literature. The database corresponds to the print version of the Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances, formerly known as the Toxic Substances List started in 1971. Originally prepared by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), the RTECS® database is now produced and distributed by MDL Information Systems, Inc. S Although several mammalian species may be used, the albino rabbit is the preferred species. Exposure duration normally is four hours. S It is a constant of absorption rate of chemical material by soil. Sometimes it is called a constant of Freundlich equation. S t The concentration of solid material in solution weight percent. S Information on solubility of solvent in water. S Several methods are used to determine specific gravity of the solvents, such as hydrometer, digital density meter, displacement, and pycnometer methods. S The temperature in which specific gravity was determined.

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S The amount of heat in Jules needed to raise the temperature of one mol of a substance by one degree of Kelvin. S State of solvents at room temperature are contained in this field. STEL A Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL) is defined by ACGIH as the concentration to which workers can be exposed continuously for a short period of time without suffering from irritation, chronic or irreversible tissue damage, or narcosis of sufficient degree to increase the likelihood of accidental injury, impair self-rescue or materially reduce work efficiency. S The force acting on the surface of a liquid, tending to minimize the area of the surface; quantitatively, the force that appears to act across a line of unit length on the surface. Also known as interfacial force; interfacial tension; surface tensity. S Chemical or common name of the same product T Most chemicals that produce systemic toxicity do not cause a similar degree of toxicity in all organs but usually produce the major toxicity to one or more organs. These are referred to as target organs of toxicity for that chemical. TDG Any class as defined by Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulations (federal) and associated provincial/territorial legislation of Canada. T Calculated amount of oxygen required to oxidize a compound to its final oxidation products. However, there are some differences between standard methods that can influence the results obtained: for example, some calculations assume that nitrogen released from organics is generated as ammonia, whereas others allow for ammonia oxidation to nitrate. Therefore in expressing results, the calculation assumptions should always be stated. T The thermal conductivity, λ, is the quantity of heat transmitted, due to unit temperature gradient, in unitary time under steady conditions in a direction normal to a surface of unit area, when the heat transfer is dependent only on the temperature gradient. TLV-TWA 8h The time-weighted average concentration for a conventional 8-hour workday and 40-hour workweek exposure to a substance, to which it is believed that nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed, day after day, without adverse health effects. The data are given after American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, ACGIH, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, NIOSH, and Occupational Safety & Health Administration, OSHA. Databook of Green Solvents, 2nd Edition/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

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UN The UN number is a four-digit number assigned to a potentially hazardous material. These numbers are used by firefighters and other emergency response personnel for identification of materials during transportation emergencies. UN (United Nations) numbers are internationally recognized. UN A list of numbers of risk phrases compiled by UN which characterize behavior of a particular compound UN A list of numbers of safety phrases compiled by UN which should be followed during transportation of a particular compound UN/NA A four digit number representing a particular chemical or group of chemicals. These numbers are assigned by the United Nations (UN Numbers), the U.S. Department of Transportation (NA Numbers), or Transport Canada (NA Numbers). These numbers are commonly used throughout the world to aid in the quick identification of the materials contained within bulk containers (such as rail cars, semi-trailers and intermodal containers). U Ozone formation potential by a chemical material assuming that C2H2 has potential equal 1. UV Major absorption peaks in the UV range are listed. V The density of a gas relative to the density of air. V Vapor pressure is a fundamental thermodynamic property of a solid or liquid. It is the pressure generated at a particular temperature by pure component which has liquid (or solid) and vapor in equilibrium in a closed vessel. Its units are the usual units of pressure (e.g., kPa). The vapor pressure of a liquid increases with temperature between the triple point and the critical point. V The temperature at which vapor pressure was measured. V It is a ratio of shear stress and shear strain expressed in mPa s. V The temperature at which given value of viscosity was measured.

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3. Solvents 3.1 Biodegradable Solvents. Glycerol formal PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Glycerol formal

CAS #

-

Empirical formula

-

C4H8O3

Molecular mass

daltons

104.11

Chemical category

biodegradable solvent

68442-91-1

Mixture

-

Y

Moisture content

wt%

99%

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Odor

-

characteristic

Color

-

colorless

Boiling point

o

C

180.5

Freezing point

o

C

-58.10

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

Vapor density

air=1

0.01333

Vapor pressure

kPa

20

pH

-

Solubility in water at 20 C o

0.835

C

mg kg

20

slightly alkaline -1

not miscible

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

HMIS classification

UN number

Flammability

2

Health

0

Reactivity

0

Flammability

2

Health

0

Reactivity

0

-

1993

UN/NA hazard class

not regulated

UN packaging group

III

DOT class

UN 1993 combustible liquid, n.o.s (dibutoxymethane), III (for quantities of 450 liters or more)

TDG class

not regulated

ICAO/IATA class, packaging group

not regulated

IMDG class, packaging group

not regulated

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SolvonK4 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Proper shipping name

combustible liquid, n.o.s (dibutoxymethane)

Autoignition temperature

o

C

Flash point

o

C

Flash point method

-

PMCC

Explosion limit, lower

wt%

0.63

Explosion limit, upper

wt%

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg

First aid: eyes

Rinse with running water whilst keeping the eyes wide open (at least 15 min). If eye irritation persists, consult a physician

First aid: skin

Wash contact areas with soap and water. Remove contaminated clothing. Launder contaminated clothing before reuse.

not self-igniting 62.0

23.60 -1

6,000

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Chemische Fabrik Kreussler & Co. GmbH

Recommended for products

drycleaning

Features & benefits

halogen-free

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Steposol C-65 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Steposol C-65

CAS #

-

Chemical category

biodegradable solvent

Mixture

-

Properties

methyl palmitate/oleate ester derived from coconut oil. RCH2-CO2CH3/R=C12. C14,C16,C18 (0.5%,2.5%,45%,52%)

Product contents

fatty acids C16-18 and C18-unsatd. methyl esters >=90%

67762-38-3 Y

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Color

-

clear

Boiling point

o

C

260.0

Freezing point

o

C

10.0

Refractive index at 20 C

-

1.4450

Specific gravity

-

0.862

Specific gravity temperature

o

Vapor density

air=1

heavier than air

Evaporation rate

ether=1

estimated slower than ethyl ether

Kauri butanol number

-

68

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

7

o

C

25

C

25

Viscosity temperature

o

Surface tension at 20oC

mN m-1

30.80

Solubility in water at 20 C

mg kg

insoluble

o

-1

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

HMIS classification

Flammability

1

Health

1

Reactivity

0

Flammability

1

Health

1

Reactivity

0

Flash point

o

Flash point method

-

C

93.9 PMCC

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg

-1

5,000

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rabbit dermal LD50

mg kg-1

5,000

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Steposol C-65 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Route of entry

Skin, Eye, Inh

Ingestion

Ingestion of large amounts may produce gastrointestinal disturbances including irritation, nausea, diarrhea.

Skin irritation

Contact with skin may cause irritation.

Eye irritation

Irritating to eyes.

Inhalation

Inhalation of vapors or mists of the product may be irritating to the respiratory system.

First aid: eyes

Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. Get medical attention if irritation persists after washing.

First aid: skin

Rinse skin with water/shower. Get medical attention if irritation develops and persists.

First aid: inhalation

Remove to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. Call a physician if symptoms develop or persist.

Carcinogenicity IARC

N

Carcinogenicity NTP

N

Carcinogenicity OSHA

N

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Biodegradation probability

readily biodegradable

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

-

Stepan Company

Recommended for products

all purpose cleaning, hard surface care, industrial cleaning, oil field solvent, co-solvent or lubricity additive

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3.2 Biorenewable Solvents. Alkonat L 10 L PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Alkonat L 10 L

CAS #

-

Common name

decaethylene glycol monododecyl ether

Empirical formula

-

Formula

9002-92-0 C32H66O11 CH3(CH2)11(OCH2CH)nOH

Molecular mass

daltons

626.86

Chemical category

-

biorenewable

Moisture content

wt%

0.1

Properties

alcohol ethoxylate obtained from the reaction of lauryl alcohol derived from natural and renewable sources with ethylene oxide (EO)

Product contents

ethoxylated lauryl alcohol (1EO)

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Color

-

clear

pH

-

6-8

HEALTH & SAFETY Route of entry

Skin, Inh

Skin irritation

May cause skin irritation.

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

-

Recommended for products

cosmetics

Oxiteno (Brasil)

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Augeo SL 191 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Augeo SL 191

CAS #

-

100-79-8

IUPAC name

2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methanol

Common name

isopropylidene glycerol

Formula

O HO

O

Molecular mass

daltons

Chemical category

biorenewable

Mixture

-

Product contents

racemic mixture (+/-)-2,2-dimethyl4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane

Y

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Odor

-

odorless

Color

-

colorless

Boiling point

o

C

191.0

Freezing point

o

C

-26.40

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

Evaporation rate

butyl acetate=1

0.03

Solubility in water at 20oC

mg kg-1

complete

C

1.069 20

HEALTH & SAFETY Flash point

o

Route of entry

Skin, Inh

C

91.0

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

-

Outstanding properties

is a slow-evaporating solvent based on renewable source: glycerin

Solvay/Rhodia

Potential substitute for

alternative for glycol ethers

Recommended for products

the formulation for coatings, inks and printing, thinners and leather industries

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Bio-Solv PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Bio-Solv

Chemical category

-

biorenewable

Mixture

-

Y

Properties

ethyllactate blend

Product contents

ethyl lactate (CAS: 97-64-3) 10-90%, proprietary co-solvent 10-90%, inhibitor 25,600

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Mouse oral LD50

mg kg

-1

>25,600

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat dermal LD50

mg kg-1

>22,000

C

227 COP

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BioSustane SAIB PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

First aid: eyes

Any material that contacts the eye should be washed out immediately with water. If easy to do, remove contact lenses. Get medical attention if symptoms persist.

First aid: skin

Wash with soap and water. Get medical attention if symptoms occur.

First aid: inhalation

Move to fresh air. Treat symptomatically. Get medical attention if symptoms persist

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Aquatic toxicity, Daphnia magna, 48-h LC50

mg l-1

Aquatic toxicity Fathead minnow, 96-h LC50

mg l

Montreal protocol

-

N

Partition coefficient

logKow

6 Eastman

-1

1.11 1.82

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

-

Potential substitute for

bio-adhesive properties, wide compatibity

Recommended for products

dental gels, drug carrier, pharmaceutical excipient, transdermal patches, hair care

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Diamosolv 323 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Diamosolv 323

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Odor

-

mild

Boiling point

o

C

275

Freezing point

o

C

-1.8

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

C

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

Viscosity temperature

o

C

0.855-0.87 20 3.2 25

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

-

Recommended for products

paint strippers, concrete cleaning, graffiti remover, ink cleaner, household/industrial cleaners

DOW

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Dimethyl propylene urea PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Dimethyl propylene urea

CAS #

-

IUPAC name

1,3-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2(1H)pyrimidinone

Common name

N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-trimethyleneurea

Common synonym

1,3-Dimethyl-2-oxohexahydropyrimidine

Acronym

-

DMPU

Empirical formula

-

C6H12N2O

7226-23-5

Formula

N N

CH3 O

CH3

Molecular mass

daltons

128.17

RTECS number

-

UW7582500

Chemical category

-

heterocyclic

EC number

-

230-625-6

Moisture content

wt%

0.1

Product contents

N,N′-dimethylpropylene urea, 98 wt%

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Color

-

colorless

Boiling point

o

C

Freezing point

o

C

Refractive index at 20oC

-

1.4890

Specific gravity

-

1.070

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

Viscosity temperature

o

C

230.0 -24.0

1.955 25

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

Flammability

1

Health

3

Reactivity

0

UN risk phrases, R

R22,R41,R62

US safety phrases, S

S26,S36/37/39

Autoignition temperature

o

C

Flash point

o

C

Flash point method

-

CC

Explosion limit, lower

wt%

1.60

255 121

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Dimethyl propylene urea PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Explosion limit, upper

wt%

9.20

Ingestion

Harmful if ingested.

Skin irritation

Causes skin irritation.

Eye irritation

Can cause irritation, redness, and pain.

Inhalation

Causes respiratory tract irritation.

First aid: eyes

Check for and remove any contact lenses. Immediately flush eyes with running water for at least 15 minutes, keeping eyelids open. Do not use an eye ointment. Seek medical attention.

First aid: skin

Immediately flush skin with plenty of water. Cover the irritated skin with an emollient. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Get medical attention

First aid: inhalation

Remove person to fresh air. If you feel unwell, get medical attention. If victim's breathing is difficult, administer oxygen.

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Partition coefficient

logKow

0.90

Manufacturer

-

BASF

Recommended for products

versatile solvent. It is mainly applied in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals also used in the electronics industry.

USE & PERFORMANCE

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Hallcomid 1025 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Hallcomid 1025

Common name

N,N-dimethyl-9-decenamide

Chemical category

-

amides

-

L

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State Odor

-

mild

Color

-

colorless

Boiling point

o

C

Freezing point

o

C

Refractive index at 20oC

-

1.46

Specific gravity

-

0.89

Specific gravity temperature

o

Kauri butanol number

-

>1,000

pH

-

7-9

297 -16

C

25

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

Viscosity temperature

o

Relative permittivity

-

C

4 25 16.1

HEALTH & SAFETY DOT class

not regulated as dangerous goods

ICAO/IATA class, packaging group

not regulated as dangerous goods

IMDG class, packaging group

not regulated as dangerous goods

Autoignition temperature

o

C

Flash point

o

C

Flash point method

-

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg-1

550

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rabbit dermal LD50

mg kg

>2,000

First aid: eyes

Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. Get medical attention if irritation develops and persists.

First aid: skin

Wash with plenty of soap and water. If skin irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention. Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.

240 134 PMCC -1

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Hallcomid 1025 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

First aid: inhalation

Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. Oxygen or artificial respiration if needed. Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim inhaled the substance. Induce artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a oneway valve or other proper respiratory medical device. Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.

Carcinogenicity IARC

N

Carcinogenicity NTP

N

Carcinogenicity OSHA

N

Reproduction/developmental toxicity

N

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Aquatic toxicity, Daphnia magna, 48-h LC50

mg l-1

2.8

Manufacturer

-

Stepan

Outstanding properties

Nobel Prize-winning metathesis technology

Recommended for products

adjuvants, concentrated emulsions, emulsifiable concentrates, fumigants, microemulsions, solvents, suspoemulsions

Features & benefits

renewable sourcing

USE & PERFORMANCE

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Hallcomid M-8-10 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Hallcomid M-8-10

CAS #

1118-92-9; 14433-76-2

Chemical category

-

biorenewable

Mixture

-

Y

Moisture content

wt%

0.4

Product contents

N, N-dimethyloctanamide (N, N-dimethylcaprylamide) 40-70% and N,N-dimethyldecanamide (N, N-dimethylcapramide) 30-60%

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Color

-

clear, amber

Boiling point

o

C

240-260

Freezing point

o

C

-34.0

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

C

0.880 25

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

Viscosity temperature

o

Relative permittivity

-

17.0

Flammability

1

Health

2

Reactivity

0

Flammability

1

Health

2

Reactivity

0

C

11 25

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

HMIS classification

DOT class

not regulated

Flash point

o

C

118

Flash point method

-

PMCC

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg-1

1,750

Route of entry

Eye, Skin

Ingestion

May be harmful if swallowed.

Skin irritation

May be severely irritating to the skin.

Eye irritation

Can cause moderate to severe irritation and possible injury to the eyes.

Inhalation

Inhalation of vapors or mists of the product may be irritating to the respiratory system.

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Hallcomid M-8-10 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

First aid: eyes

Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Get medical attention.

First aid: skin

Immediately take off all contaminated clothing. Flush skin with large amounts of water. Get medical attention if irritation develops or persists.

First aid: inhalation

Remove to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. Call a physician if symptoms develop or persist.

Carcinogenicity IARC

N

Carcinogenicity NTP

N

Carcinogenicity OSHA

N

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

-

Recommended for products

agricultural formulations, coating, and industrial cleaning

Stepan Company

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Hallcomid M-10 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Hallcomid M-10

CAS #

-

Common name

N,N-dimethylcapramide

Empirical formula

-

14433-76-2 C12H25NO

Formula

CH3 CH3(CH2)8CNCH3 O

Molecular mass

daltons

199.3

Chemical category

-

biorenewable

Mixture

-

N

Moisture content

wt%

0.4

Product contents

N,N-dimethyl-decanamide 97 - 100%

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Odor

-

mild

Color

-

amber

Boiling point

o

C

278.0

Freezing point

o

C

-17.0

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

pH

-

7.4

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

9

Viscosity temperature

o

Relative permittivity

-

15.76

Flammability

1

Health

2

Reactivity

0

Flammability

1

Health

2

Reactivity

0

C

C

0.874 25

25

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

HMIS classification

DOT class

not regulated

Flash point

o

Flash point method

-

C

120 PMCC

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Hallcomid M-10 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rabbit dermal LD50

mg kg-1

2,000

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg-1

1,750

Route of entry

Skin, Eye, Inh

Ingestion

May be harmful if swallowed.

Skin irritation

May cause severe skin irritation.

Eye irritation

May cause severe eye irritation.

Inhalation

May cause irritation of respiratory tract.

First aid: eyes

Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Get medical attention.

First aid: skin

Immediately take off all contaminated clothing. Flush skin with large amounts of water. Get medical attention if irritation develops or persists.

First aid: inhalation

Remove to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. Call a physician if symptoms develop or persist.

Carcinogenicity IARC

N

Carcinogenicity NTP

N

Carcinogenicity OSHA

N

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Aquatic toxicity, Daphnia magna, 96-h LC50 Aquatic toxicity, Rainbow trout, 96-h LC50

mg l-1

7.7

mg l

21.1

Biodegradation probability

readily biodegradable

-1

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

-

Recommended for products

agricultural formulations, coatings, and industrial cleaning

Stepan Company

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Hallcomid M-12-14 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Hallcomid M-12-14

CAS #

3007-53-2; 3015-65-4

Formula

O R

N

R = C11 or C13 Mixture

-

Product contents

N,N-dimethyldodecanamide (70-80%) and N,N-dimethyltetradecamide (2030%)

0.1

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Odor

-

mild

Color

-

colorless to yellow

Boiling point

o

C

Freezing point

o

C

Refractive index at 20oC

-

1.45

Specific gravity

-

0.87

Specific gravity temperature

o

Kauri butanol number

-

>220

pH

-

4-9

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

8

Viscosity temperature

o

Surface tension at 20 C

mN m

Relative permittivity

-

12.9 3082

o

285 7-14

C

25

C

25 -1

26

HEALTH & SAFETY UN number

-

UN/NA hazard class

9

UN packaging group

III

DOT class

not regulated as dangerous goods.

ICAO/IATA class, packaging group

Environmentally Hazardous Substance, Liquid, N.O.S. (N, N-dimethylodecanamide)

IMDG class, packaging group

Environmentally Hazardous Substance, Liquid, N.O.S. (N, N-dimethylodecanamide), MARINE POLLUTANT

Databook of Green Solvents, 2nd Edition/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

65

Hallcomid M-12-14 PARAMETER

UNIT

Flash point

o

Flash point method

-

PMCC

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg-1

>2,000

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rabbit dermal LD50

mg kg-1

>5,000

First aid: eyes

Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention.

First aid: skin

Wash off with soap and water. Get medical attention if irritation develops and persists.

First aid: inhalation

Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. Oxygen or artificial respiration if needed. Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim inhaled the substance. Induce artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device. Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.

Carcinogenicity IARC

N

Carcinogenicity NTP

N

Carcinogenicity OSHA

N

C

Mutagenic properties

N

Reproduction/developmental toxicity

N

VALUE 166

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

-

Stepan

Recommended for products

adjuvants, concentrated emulsions, emulsifiable concentrates, microemulsions, oil dispersants, ready-to-use, suspension concentrates, suspoemulsions, water dispersible granules, wettable powders

Databook of Green Solvents, 2nd Edition/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

66

Myrifilm Zero-VOC Coalescing Solvent PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Myrifilm Zero-VOC Coalescing Solvent

Molecular mass

daltons

342.5

Chemical category

-

biorenewable

Moisture content

ppm

99%

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Odor

-

low

Color

-

clear, colorless

Boiling point

o

Specific gravity

-

0.934

Flammability

1

Health

0

Reactivity

0

C

358.9

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

UN/NA hazard class

not regulated

DOT class

not regulated

Flash point

o

Route of entry

Skin, Inh

Eye irritation

Causes eye irritation.

First aid: eyes

Flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Then get immediate medical attention.

First aid: skin

Wash skin with soap and water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Get medical attention.

First aid: inhalation

Remove to uncontaminated area. Give artificial respiration if not breathing. Get immediate medical attention

Carcinogenicity IARC

N

Carcinogenicity NTP

N

Carcinogenicity OSHA

N

Mutagenic properties

no data available

C

158

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Myriant Corporation

Recommended for polymers

performs in wide range of resins

Databook of Green Solvents, 2nd Edition/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

67

Myrifilm Zero-VOC Coalescing Solvent PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Recommended for products

a wide range of waterborne coating formulations especially acrylic, styreneacrylic and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers

Features & benefits

high-efficiency

Databook of Green Solvents, 2nd Edition/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

68

SAIB-100 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

SAIB-100

CAS #

126-13-6 or 27216-37-1

Common name

sucrose acetate isobutyrate

Common synonym

sucrose diacetate hexaisobutyrate

Acronym

-

HSDB, SAIB

Empirical formula

-

C40H62O19

Formula

Product contents

90% by weight SAIB and 10% denatured ethyl alcohol

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Color

-

clear

Boiling point

o

C

105

Refractive index at 20 C

-

1.454

Specific gravity

-

1.1

Specific gravity temperature

o

Vapor density

air=1

1.5

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

700

Viscosity temperature

o

o

C

C

25

25

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

UN number

Flammability

2

Health

3

Reactivity

0

-

1993

UN/NA hazard class

3

UN packaging group

II

DOT class

UN 1993 Flammable liquids, n.o.s. (ethanol,methanol) 3 II

ICAO/IATA class, packaging group

UN 1993 Flammable liquids, n.o.s. (ethanol,methanol) 3 II

IMDG class, packaging group

UN 1993 Flammable liquids, n.o.s. (ethanol,methanol) 3 II

Autoignition temperature

o

C

402

Flash point

o

C

17.1

Databook of Green Solvents, 2nd Edition/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

69

SAIB-100 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg-1

>25,600

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Mouse oral LD50

mg kg-1

>25,600

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat dermal LD50

mg kg

>22,000

Inhalation

Move to fresh air. Treat symptomatically. Get medical attention.

First aid: eyes

Immediately flush with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. If easy to do, remove contact lenses. Get medical attention. In case of irritation from airborne exposure, move to fresh air. Get medical attention if symptoms persist.

First aid: skin

Wash with soap and water. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Get medical attention if symptoms occur. Wash contaminated clothing before reuse. Destroy or thoroughly clean contaminated shoes.

First aid: inhalation

Move to fresh air. Treat symptomatically. Get medical attention if symptoms persist.

-1

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Aquatic toxicity, Daphnia magna, 48-h LC50 Aquatic toxicity Fathead minnow, 96-h LC50

mg l

Montreal protocol

-

N

Partition coefficient

logKow

6

Manufacturer

-

Eastman

Outstanding properties

changing viscosity abruptly upon the addition of solvent or increasing temperature

Recommended for products

pigments, printing inks, nail polish lacquers, coatings

Features & benefits

good thermal, hydrolytic, and color stability

mg l-1 -1

1.11 1.82

USE & PERFORMANCE

Databook of Green Solvents, 2nd Edition/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

70

SAIB-90EA PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

SAIB-90EA

CAS #

126-13-6 or 27216-37-1

Common name

sucrose acetate isobutyrate

Common synonym

sucrose diacetate hexaisobutyrate

Acronym

-

HSDB, SAIB

Empirical formula

-

C40H62O19

Formula

Product contents

90% by weight SAIB and 10% ethyl acetate

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Odor

-

ester

Odor threshold

ppm

3.9

Color

-

yellow

Boiling point

o

C

78

Melting point

o

C

-83

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

C

1.11 25

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

Viscosity temperature

o

Solubility in water at 20oC

mg kg-1

slightly soluble

Flammability

1

Health

3

C

935 25

HEALTH & SAFETY HMIS classification

Reactivity

0

UN number

-

1173

UN/NA hazard class

3

UN packaging group

II

DOT class

UN 1173 Ethyl acetate solution 3 II

ICAO/IATA class, packaging group

UN 1173 Ethyl acetate solution 3 II

IMDG class, packaging group

UN 1173 Ethyl acetate solution 3 II

Flash point

o

Flash point method

-

C

21.5 TCC

Databook of Green Solvents, 2nd Edition/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

71

SAIB-90EA PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg-1

>25,600

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Mouse oral LD50

mg kg-1

>25,600

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat dermal LD50

mg kg

>22,000

First aid: eyes

Any material that contacts the eye should be washed out immediately with water. If easy to do, remove contact lenses. In case of irritation from airborne exposure, move to fresh air. Get medical attention if symptoms persist.

First aid: skin

Wash with soap and water. Get medical attention if symptoms occur.

First aid: inhalation

Move to fresh air. Treat symptomatically. Get medical attention if symptoms persist.

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Aquatic toxicity, Daphnia magna, 48-h LC50 Aquatic toxicity Fathead minnow, 96-h LC50

-1

mg l-1

1.11

mg l-1

1.82

Manufacturer

-

Eastman

Outstanding properties

changing viscosity abruptly upon the addition of solvent or an increase in temperature

Recommended for products

coatings, lacquers, nail care, pigments, textiles

Features & benefits

soluble in most alcohols, vegetable oils, flavoring oils, animal fats, and vegetable-based waxes. It has light color and good thermal stability. Its also has good color stability to heat and UV light.

USE & PERFORMANCE

Databook of Green Solvents, 2nd Edition/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

72

SAIB-100 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

SAIB-100

CAS #

126-13-6 or 27216-37-1

Common name

sucrose acetate isobutyrate

Common synonym

sucrose diacetate hexaisobutyrate

Acronym

-

HSDB, SAIB

Empirical formula

-

C40H62O19

daltons

832-856

State

-

L

Color

-

clear

Refractive index at 20oC

-

1.454

Specific gravity

-

1.146

Specific gravity temperature

o

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

Viscosity temperature

o

Relative permittivity

-

3.2

Flammability

1

Health

1

Reactivity

0

Formula

Molecular mass

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

C

25

C

100,000 30

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

DOT class

not regulated

ICAO/IATA class, packaging group

not regulated

IMDG class, packaging group

not regulated

Flash point

o

Flash point method

-

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg-1

>25,600

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Mouse oral LD50

mg kg

-1

>25,600

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat dermal LD50

mg kg-1

>22,000

First aid: eyes

Any material that contacts the eye should be washed out immediately with water. If easy to do, remove contact lenses. Get medical attention if symptoms persist.

C

277 TCC

Databook of Green Solvents, 2nd Edition/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

73

SAIB-100 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

First aid: skin

Wash with soap and water. Get medical attention if symptoms occur.

First aid: inhalation

Move to fresh air. Treat symptomatically. Get medical attention if symptoms persist.

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Aquatic toxicity, Daphnia magna, 48-h LC50 Aquatic toxicity Fathead minnow, 96-h LC50

mg l-1

1.11

mg l-1

1.82

Montreal protocol

-

N

Partition coefficient

logKow

6

Manufacturer

-

Eastman

Recommended for products

coatings, consumer electronics, electrical, hot-melt coatings, lacquers, printing inks, waterproofing compounds, wire and cable

Features & benefits

odorless and tasteless, thermally stable

USE & PERFORMANCE

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74

SC-ActiSolv PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

SC-ActiSolv

Chemical category

-

Product contents

fatty alcohol renewable plant-based resources

biorenewable

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Odor

-

slight detergent

Color

-

clear, pale yellow

Boiling point

o

C

120.0

Freezing point

o

C

-50

Specific gravity

-

1.06

pH

-

9.7

Surface tension at 20oC

mN m-1

39.0

Solubility in water at 20oC

mg kg-1

complete

Relative permittivity

-

13.60

HEALTH & SAFETY Flash point

o

C

Route of entry

Skin, Inh

78.9

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Gemtek Products, LLC

Potential substitute for

xylene, toluene, methyl benzene, methyl chloride, Stoddard, glycol ethers, butyl cellosolve

Recommended for products

a variety of cleaning applications including soy and water based printing inks, may also be used as a co-solvent or solvent additive in non-ionic surfactant solutions for heavy -duty degreasing

Processing methods

spray or applied with a sponge or cloth on surface

Databook of Green Solvents, 2nd Edition/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

75

Steposol CITRI-MET PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Steposol CITRI-MET

CAS #

1356964-77-6; 5989-27-5

Water content

wt%

Product contents

N,N-dimethyl 9-decenamide  10-20%, (d)-limonene  5-10%

36

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Odor

-

citrus, orange

Color

-

light yellow

Boiling point

o

C

>94

Freezing point

o

C

-16 to -19

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

pH

-

1.08

C

25 10.4-11.5

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

Viscosity temperature

o

Surface tension at 20oC

mN m-1

31.8

UN number

-

3082

UN/NA hazard class

9

UN packaging group

III

DOT class

not regulated as dangerous goods

ICAO/IATA class, packaging group

Environmentally Hazardous Substance, Liquid, N.O.S. ((d)-limonene)

IMDG class, packaging group

Environmentally Hazardous Substance, Liquid, N.O.S. ((d)-limonene), MARINE POLLUTANT

Flash point

o

Flash point method

-

C

25-26 25

HEALTH & SAFETY

C

57.5 PMCC

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg

-1

2,703

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rabbit dermal LD50

mg kg-1

2,162

First aid: eyes

Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. Get medical attention immediately

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76

Steposol CITRI-MET PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

First aid: skin

Remove contaminated clothing immediately and wash skin with soap and water. In case of eczema or other skin disorders: Seek medical attention and take along these instructions. Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse

First aid: inhalation

Move to fresh air. Call a physician if symptoms develop or persist.

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Aquatic toxicity, Daphnia magna, 48-h LC50 Aquatic toxicity Fathead minnow, 96-h LC50

mg l-1

69.6

mg l-1

0.619-0.796

Biodegradation probability

readily biodegradable

Montreal protocol

-

N

Partition coefficient

logKow

4.2 Stepan

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

-

Outstanding properties

Nobel Prize-winning metathesis chemistry, ecologically responsible citrus terpenes and emulsifiers

Recommended for products

aircraft cleaning, all purpose cleaning, degreasers, floor cleaning, hard surface care, heavy duty cleaning, industrial cleaning, industrial cleaning - cip, industrial cleaning - ink, industrial cleaning - metal, light duty cleaning, solvent replacements, solvents, vehicle care, graffiti removal, paint strippers, deinking agents, paper, paper deinking, paper flotation deinking, paper processing, pigment dispersants, pulp deresination, plastics, synthetic coatings, textile and synthetic fibers, textile dispersant

Features & benefits

low VOC of just 0.5% at a 1:14 dilution level and active ingredients are derived from bio-based sources to give it a greener profile

Databook of Green Solvents, 2nd Edition/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

77

Steposol M-8-10 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Steposol M-8-10

CAS #

1118-92-9, 14433-76-2

Chemical category

-

Properties

base material coconut oil: N,N-dimethyloctanamide, N,N-dimethyldecanamide

biorenewable

Product contents

N,N-dimethyloctanamide 40-70%, N,N-dimethyldecanamide 30-60%

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Odor

-

mild

Color

-

clear, amber

Boiling point

o

C

260.0

Freezing point

o

C

-34.0

Refractive index at 20 C o

-

1.4520

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

0.881

Evaporation rate

ether=1

estimated slower than ethyl ether

Kauri butanol number

-

300

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

11

C

25

C

25

Viscosity temperature

o

Surface tension at 20oC

mN m-1

30.9

Solubility in water at 20 C

mg kg

partially soluble

o

-1

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

HMIS classification

Flash point

Flammability

1

Health

2

Reactivity

0

Flammability

1

Health

2

Reactivity

0

o

C

118

Flash point method

-

Threshold limiting value – TWA 8h, ACGIH

ppm

PMCC

Threshold limiting value – TWA 8h, OSHA

mg m

Threshold limiting value – TWA 8h, OSHA

ppm

200 (methanol)

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg-1

1,750

Route of entry

Eye, Skin, Inh

200 (methanol) -3

260 (methanol)

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Steposol M-8-10 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Ingestion

May be harmful if swallowed.

Skin irritation

May be severely irritating to the skin.

Eye irritation

May cause severe irritation to eyes and possible injury to the eyes.

Inhalation

Inhalation of vapors or mists of the product may be irritating to the respiratory system.

First aid: eyes

Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation persists get medical attention

First aid: skin

Flush with large amounts of water. Immediately take off all contaminated clothing. If irritation persists get medical attention.

First aid: inhalation

Remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Consult a physician.

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Biodegradation probability

-

63.6% 28 days

Manufacturer

-

Stepan

Recommended for products

biodegradable solvent that can be used in a variety of household and institutional application

Features & benefits

penetrating power of a solvent, excellent solvency

Processing methods

spray on soiled surface. Wipe clean with a sponge or cloth

USE & PERFORMANCE

Databook of Green Solvents, 2nd Edition/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

79

Steposol M-10 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Steposol M-10

CAS #

-

Common name

N,N-dimethylcapramide

Empirical formula

-

14433-76-2 C12H25NO

Formula

CH3 CH3(CH2)8CNCH3 O

Molecular mass

daltons

199.33

Chemical category

-

biorenewable

Properties

base material coconut oil

Product contents

N,N-Dimethyldecanamide 97-100%

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Odor

-

mild

Color

-

clear, amber

Boiling point

o

C

278

Freezing point

o

C

-17

Refractive index at 20 C

-

1.453

Specific gravity

-

0.878

Specific gravity temperature

o

Evaporation rate

ether=1

estimated slower than ethyl ether

Kauri butanol number

-

300

o

C

25

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

Viscosity temperature

o

Surface tension at 20oC

mN m-1

31.1

Solubility in water at 20 C

mg kg

partially soluble

o

C

9 25

-1

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

HMIS classification

Flash point

Flammability

1

Health

2

Reactivity

0

Flammability

1

Health

2

Reactivity

0

o

C

120

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80

Steposol M-10 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Flash point method

-

PMCC

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg-1

1,750

Route of entry

Eye, Skin, Inh

Ingestion

May be harmful if swallowed.

Skin irritation

May be severely irritating to the skin.

Eye irritation

May cause severe irritation to eyes and possible injury to the eyes.

Inhalation

Inhalation of vapors or mists of the product may be irritating to the respiratory system.

First aid: eyes

Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation persists get medical attention

First aid: skin

Flush with large amounts of water. Immediately take off all contaminated clothing. If irritation persists get medical attention.

First aid: inhalation

Remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Consult a physician.

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Biodegradation probability

-

63.6% 28 days

-

Stepan

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

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Steposol MET-10U PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Steposol MET-10U

CAS #

-

Common name

N,N-dimethyl 9-decenamide

1356964-77-6

Formula

O N

Moisture content

wt%

2,000

240 134 PMCC -1

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Steposol MET-10U PARAMETER

UNIT

First aid: eyes

Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. Get medical attention if irritation develops and persists

First aid: skin

Wash with plenty of soap and water. If skin irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention. Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse

First aid: inhalation

Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. Oxygen or artificial respiration if needed. Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim inhaled the substance. Induce artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a oneway valve or other proper respiratory medical device. Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.

Carcinogenicity IARC

N

Carcinogenicity NTP

N

Carcinogenicity OSHA

N

Mutagenic properties

N

Reproduction/developmental toxicity

N

VALUE

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Biodegradation probability

readily biodegradable

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

-

Stepan

Recommended for products

aircraft cleaning, all purpose cleaning, degreasers, floor cleaning, hard surface care, heavy duty cleaning, industrial cleaning, industrial cleaning - cip, industrial cleaning - ink, industrial cleaning - metal, light duty cleaning, solvent replacements, solvents, vehicle care, graffiti removal, paint strippers, deinking agents, paper, paper deinking, paper flotation deinking, paper processing, pigment dispersants, pulp deresination, plastics, synthetic coatings, textile and synthetic fibers, textile dispersant

Databook of Green Solvents, 2nd Edition/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

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SAIB CO PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

SAIB CO

CAS #

126-13-6 or 27216-37-1

Common name

sucrose acetate isobutyrate

Common synonym

sucrose diacetate hexaisobutyrate

Acronym

-

HSDB, SAIB

Empirical formula

-

C40H62O19

Formula

Properties

food grade

Product contents

citrus oil terpenes 9-11%

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Odor

-

orange

Color

-

yellow

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

C

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

Viscosity temperature

o

C

1.11 25 3,280 25

HEALTH & SAFETY HMIS classification

UN number

Flammability

2

Health

2

Reactivity

0

-

1993, 3082

UN/NA hazard class

9

UN packaging group

III

DOT class

Class combustible liquid, Packing group III for quantities of 450 liters (119 gallons) or more; not regulated for smaller quantities

ICAO/IATA class, packaging group

UN 3082 Environmentally hazardous substance, liquid, n.o.s. (ORANGE TERPENE CITRUS OIL) 9 III

IMDG class, packaging group

UN 3082 ENVIRONMENTALLY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE, LIQUID, N.O.S. (ORANGE TERPENE CITRUS OIL) 9 III

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SAIB CO PARAMETER

UNIT

Flash point

o

Flash point method

-

SCC

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg-1

>25,600

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Mouse oral LD50

mg kg-1

>25,600

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat dermal LD50

mg kg

>22,000

First aid: eyes

Any material that contacts the eye should be washed out immediately with water. If easy to do, remove contact lenses. Get medical attention if symptoms persist.

First aid: skin

Immediately remove contaminated clothing and shoes and wash skin with soap and plenty of water. If skin irritation or an allergic skin reaction develops, get medical attention. Wash contaminated clothing before reuse. Destroy or thoroughly clean contaminated shoes.

First aid: inhalation

Move to fresh air. Treat symptomatically. Get medical attention if symptoms persist.

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Aquatic toxicity, Daphnia magna, 48-h LC50 Aquatic toxicity Fathead minnow, 96-h LC50

C

VALUE 70

-1

mg l-1

1.11

mg l

1.82

-1

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

-

Recommended for products

beverage

Eastman

Databook of Green Solvents, 2nd Edition/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

85

SAI ET-10 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

SAIB ET-10

CAS #

126-13-6 or 27216-37-1

Common name

sucrose acetate isobutyrate

Common synonym

sucrose diacetate hexaisobutyrate

Acronym

-

HSDB, SAIB

Empirical formula

-

C40H62O19

Formula

Product contents

Food Grade SAIB and about 10% ethanol

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Odor

-

sweet

Color

-

colorless

Boiling point

o

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

Vapor density

air=1

4.6

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

1,000

Viscosity temperature

o

C C

C

150 1.11 25

25

HEALTH & SAFETY HMIS classification

UN number

Flammability

3

Health

2

Reactivity

0

-

1170

UN/NA hazard class

3

UN packaging group

II

DOT class

UN 1170 Ethanol solutions 3 II

ICAO/IATA class, packaging group

UN 1170 Ethanol solutions 3 II

IMDG class, packaging group

UN 1170 Ethanol solutions 3 II

Autoignition temperature

o

C

Flash point

o

C

Flash point method

-

SCC

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg-1

>25,600

354 28

Databook of Green Solvents, 2nd Edition/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

86

SAI ET-10 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Mouse oral LD50

mg kg-1

>25,600

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat dermal LD50

mg kg-1

>22,000

First aid: eyes

Any material that contacts the eye should be washed out immediately with water. If easy to do, remove contact lenses. Get medical attention if symptoms persist.

First aid: skin

Wash with soap and water. Get medical attention if symptoms occur.

First aid: inhalation

Move to fresh air. Treat symptomatically. Get medical attention if symptoms persist

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Aquatic toxicity, Daphnia magna, 48-h LC50

mg l-1

1.11

Aquatic toxicity Fathead minnow, 96-h LC50

mg l

1.82

Montreal protocol

-

N

Partition coefficient

logKow

0.56 Eastman

-1

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

-

Outstanding properties

pourable liquid that can be added directly to flavoring oil without heating

Recommended for products

beverages, color cosmetics, fragrance fixative

Processing methods

the concentration of Eastman SAIB ET10 in the beverage emulsion is typically 5%-10%, diluted to give a SAIB concentration of 300 ppm or less in the finished beverage.

Databook of Green Solvents, 2nd Edition/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

87

SAIB MCT PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

SAIB MCT

CAS #

126-13-6 or 27216-37-1

Common name

sucrose acetate isobutyrate

Common synonym

sucrose diacetate hexaisobutyrate

Acronym

-

HSDB, SAIB

Empirical formula

-

C40H62O19

Formula

Product contents

medium chain (caprylic/capric) triglycerides: 18-22%

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Specific gravity

-

1.1

Specific gravity temperature

o

C

25

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

Viscosity temperature

o

C

5,000 25

HEALTH & SAFETY HMIS classification

Flammability

1

Health

1

Reactivity

0

DOT class

not regulated

ICAO/IATA class, packaging group

not regulated

IMDG class, packaging group

not regulated

Flash point

o

Flash point method

-

TCC

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg-1

>25,600

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Mouse oral LD50

mg kg-1

>25,600

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat dermal LD50

mg kg

>22,000

First aid: eyes

Any material that contacts the eye should be washed out immediately with water. If easy to do, remove contact lenses. Get medical attention if symptoms persist.

First aid: skin

Wash with soap and water. Get medical attention if symptoms occur.

C

246

-1

Databook of Green Solvents, 2nd Edition/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

88

SAIB MCT PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

First aid: inhalation

Move to fresh air. Treat symptomatically. Get medical attention if symptoms persist

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Aquatic toxicity, Daphnia magna, 48-h LC50

mg l-1

1.11

Aquatic toxicity Fathead minnow, 96-h LC50

mg l

1.82

-1

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

-

Recommended for products

beverages, color cosmetics, hair care, skin care

Eastman

Features & benefits

blend of food grade medium chain triglycerides (MCT) and SAIB that pours readily at room temperature and increases the flavor stability and cloudy appearance of the beverage

Databook of Green Solvents, 2nd Edition/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

89

Ultrasolve M 1200 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Ultrasolve M 1200

CAS #

-

105-46-4

Empirical formula

-

C6H12O2

Chemical category

-

biorenewable

EC number

-

203-300-1

Product contents

sec-butyl acetate

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Boiling point

o

C

112.0

Freezing point

o

C

-73.5

Specific gravity

-

0.8748

Vapor density

air=1

4.00

Vapor pressure

kPa

2.266

Vapor pressure temperature

o

Evaporation rate

butyl acetate=1

1.95

Surface tension at 20 C

mN m

23.30

Solubility in water at 20oC

mg kg-1

slightly soluble 1123

o

C

20 -1

HEALTH & SAFETY UN number

-

UN/NA hazard class

3

UN packaging group

III

DOT class

3, III

TDG class

3, III

ICAO/IATA class, packaging group

3, III

IMDG class, packaging group

3, III

Proper shipping name

sec-butyl acetate

Flash point

o

Flash point method

-

OC

Explosion limit, lower

wt%

1.70

Explosion limit, upper

wt%

9.80

Threshold limiting value – TWA 8h, OSHA

ppm

200

Maximum concentration, any time, NIOSH

ppm

1,700

C

31.0

Route of entry

Skin

Ingestion

May cause anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and gastrointestinal bleeding.

Skin irritation

May cause dryness, redness, irritation and dermatitis.

Databook of Green Solvents, 2nd Edition/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

90

Ultrasolve M 1200 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Eye irritation

Irritating to eyes, may cause conjunctivitis damage.

Inhalation

Central nervous system depressants and are narcotic in high concentrations.

First aid: eyes

Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses. Get medical attention.

First aid: skin

Immediately take off all contaminated clothing. Flush skin with large amounts of water. Get medical attention if irritation develops or persists.

First aid: inhalation

Remove to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. Call a physician if symptoms develop or persist.

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

-

Recommended for products

used for thinners, automotive, industrial, wood coatings and paints formulations

Oxiteno (Brasil)

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91

VertecBio 5516 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

VertecBio 5516

Chemical category

-

Product contents

ethyl lactate solvent blend

biorenewable

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Odor

-

sweet pleasant

Boiling point

o

Specific gravity

-

0.988

Vapor density

air=1

4.60

Vapor pressure

kPa

0.07198

Vapor pressure temperature

o

C

20

Flash point

o

C

65.0

Flash point method

-

C

148.9

HEALTH & SAFETY TCC

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Biodegradation probability

100% biodegradable

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Vertec Biosolvents, Inc.

Potential substitute for

n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP)

Recommended for polymers

polyurethanes

Recommended for products

cleaning solvent

Databook of Green Solvents, 2nd Edition/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

92

VertecBio DLR PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

VertecBio DLR

Chemical category

-

Product contents

ethyl lactate solvent blend

biorenewable

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Odor

-

fruity

Boiling point

o

Specific gravity

-

0.874

Vapor pressure

kPa

0.3999

Vapor pressure temperature

o

pH

-

C

C

130.0

20 4

HEALTH & SAFETY Flash point

o

C

Flash point method

-

42.2 TCC

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Biodegradation probability

100% biodegradable

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Vertec Biosolvents, Inc.

Potential substitute for

replacement for citrus based d-limonene

Recommended for products

ideal for cleaning oily materials, adhesives and inks

Databook of Green Solvents, 2nd Edition/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

93

VertecBio EL PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

VertecBio EL

CAS #

-

97-64-3

IUPAC name

ethyl lactate

Common name

ethyl alpha-hydroxy propionate

Formula

O H3CCHCOCH2CH3 OH

Molecular mass

daltons

118.13

Chemical category

-

biorenewable

Mixture

-

N

EC number

-

202-598-0

Properties

manufactured by fermentation from corn derived stock

Product contents

99%

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Odor

-

distinctive

Odor threshold

ppm

0.180

Color

-

clear, colorless

Boiling point

o

C

153.9

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

Vapor density

air=1

4.07

Vapor pressure

kPa

0.2266

Vapor pressure temperature

o

Evaporation rate

butyl acetate=1

C

C

1.031 25

20 0.22

pH

-

4

Solubility in water at 20oC

mg kg-1

infinite

Flammability

2

Health

1

Reactivity

0

UN number

-

1192

UN/NA hazard class

3

UN packaging group

III

HEALTH & SAFETY HMIS classification

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VertecBio EL PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

DOT class

3, III

TDG class

3, III

ICAO/IATA class, packaging group

3, III

IMDG class, packaging group

3, III

Proper shipping name

ethyl lactate

Autoignition temperature

o

C

400

Flash point

o

C

56.1

Flash point method

-

CC

Explosion limit, lower

wt%

1.60

Explosion limit, upper

wt%

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg

4,090

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat inhalation, LC50

ppm

5,400/4H

Ingestion

May cause irritation of the digestive tract.

Skin irritation

Not an irritant.

Eye irritation

Irritant to eye.

Inhalation

May cause irritation of mucous membranes.

First aid: eyes

Immediately flush with water for at least 15 minutes. See a medical doctor immediately.

First aid: skin

Wash affected area with soap and water.

First aid: inhalation

Remove person to fresh air. If discomfort occurs and persists, obtain medical attention.

Carcinogenicity IARC

N

Carcinogenicity NTP

N

Carcinogenicity OSHA

N

10.60 -1

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Biodegradation probability

100% biodegradable

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Vertec Biosolvents, Inc.

Outstanding properties

allowed as food additive by FDA and FAO/WHO

Potential substitute for

halogenated hydrocarbons

Recommended for products

specialty coatings, inks, cleaners, excellent for vessel cleaning-tank trucks, ISO tanks, semi-bulk bins, reactors, storage tanks.

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95

VertecBio ELSOL-AR PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

VertecBio ELSOL-AR

Molecular mass

daltons

65.78

Chemical category

-

biorenewable

Moisture content

wt%

0.2

Properties

blend of bio-based solvents derived from corn, soybeans, citrus fruits and other renewable feedstocks

Product contents

purity 99.5 wt%

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Color

-

clear

Boiling point

o

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

Vapor pressure

kPa

Vapor pressure temperature

o

Evaporation rate

butyl acetate=1

C C C

71.1-155.6 0.857 20 9.99 20 2.84

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

Viscosity temperature

o

C

20

0.6

Hansen solubility parameters, (MPa)1/2

dD

7.7

dP

3.4

dH

6.1

HEALTH & SAFETY Flash point

o

Flash point method

-

C

Setaflash

3.9

Biodegradation probability

-

biodegradable

Ozone depletion potential

zero ozone depletion

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Vertec Biosolvents, Inc.

Potential substitute for

acetone

Recommended for products

paint and coatings, adhesives and inks

Features & benefits

high performance, versatile solvent blend for formulations

Databook of Green Solvents, 2nd Edition/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

96

VertecBio ELSOL-BCR PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

VertecBio ELSOL-BCR

Molecular mass

daltons

112.85

Chemical category

-

biorenewable

Moisture content

wt%

0.2

Properties

blend of biobased solvents derived from corn, soybeans, citrus fruits and other renewable feedstocks

Product contents

purity 99.5 wt%

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Color

-

clear

Boiling point

o

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

Vapor pressure

kPa

Vapor pressure temperature

o

Evaporation rate

butyl acetate=1

C C C

153.9-157.2 0.960 20 0.2666 20 0.11

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

Viscosity temperature

o

C

20

3.3

Hansen solubility parameters, (MPa)1/2

dD

7.5

dP

3.8

dH

6.1

HEALTH & SAFETY Flash point

o

Flash point method

-

C

Carcinogenicity IARC

N

Carcinogenicity NTP

N

Carcinogenicity OSHA

N

61.1 Setaflash

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Biodegradation probability

-

Ozone depletion potential

zero ozone depletion

biodegradable

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Vertec Biosolvents, Inc.

Potential substitute for

butyl cellosolve

Databook of Green Solvents, 2nd Edition/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

97

VertecBio ELSOL-BCR PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Recommended for products

industrial coatings applications, primarily in coil, extrusion, wood furniture and fixtures, containers and closures, automotive finishes

Features & benefits

high performance, versatile solvent blend for formulation

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VertecBio ELSOL Clean ECO-Solv PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

VertecBio ELSOL Clean ECO-Solv

Molecular mass

daltons

52.47

Moisture content

wt%

0.2

State

-

L

Color

-

colorless

Boiling point

o

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

C

77-154

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

Evaporation rate

butyl acetate=1

1.24

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

0.75-0.91

Viscosity temperature

o

C

20

Hansen solubility parameters, (MPa)1/2

dD

7.7

dP

4.2

Flash point

C

8.33 25

dH

8.8

C

17

o

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Biodegradation probability

readily biodegradable

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

-

Vertec Biolvents

Outstanding properties

high solvating power of ethyl lactate without the odor

Potential substitute for

isopropyl alcohol

Recommended for products

lacquers, cleaning, inks, paints, coatings

Features & benefits

20-30 percent more efficient in viscosity reduction than isopropyl alcohol

Databook of Green Solvents, 2nd Edition/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

99

VertecBio ELSOL-CXR PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

VertecBio ELSOL-CXR

Molecular mass

daltons

105.6 biorenewable

Chemical category

-

Properties

blend of biobased solvents derived from corn, soybeans, citrus fruits and other renewable feedstocks

Product contents

purity 99.5 wt%

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Color

-

clear

Boiling point

o

C

111.1-154.4

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

Vapor pressure

kPa

Vapor pressure temperature

o

Evaporation rate

butyl acetate=1

0.18

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

0.8

Viscosity temperature

o

C

20

Hansen solubility parameters, (MPa)1/2

dD

7.7

dP

3.5

dH

6.4

C

41.7

C C

0.973 20 0.5065 20

HEALTH & SAFETY Flash point

o

Flash point method

-

Carcinogenicity IARC

N

Carcinogenicity NTP

N

Carcinogenicity OSHA

N

Setaflash

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Biodegradation probability

-

biodegradable

Ozone depletion potential

zero ozone depletion

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Vertec Biosolvents, Inc.

Potential substitute for

cyclohexanone

Recommended for products

industrial coatings application

Features & benefits

high performance, versatile solvent blend for formulation

Databook of Green Solvents, 2nd Edition/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

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VertecBio ELSOL KTR PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

VertecBio ELSOL KTR

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

Boiling point

o

Specific gravity

-

0.88

Evaporation rate

butyl acetate=1

3.4

pH

-

4

C

L 71

HEALTH & SAFETY Flash point

o

C

-2

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Biodegradation probability

readily biodegradable

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

-

Outstanding properties

100 percent biodegradable to carbon dioxide and water

Vertec Biosolvents

Potential substitute for

petroleum-based ketone solvents

Recommended for products

inks, paints and coatings, cleaning

Features & benefits

dries completely and leaves no residue

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VertecBio ELSOL-KTR1 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

VertecBio ELSOL-KTR1

Molecular mass

daltons

65.78

Chemical category

-

biorenewable

Moisture content

wt%

0.2

Properties

blend of bio-based solvents

Product contents

purity 99.5 wt%

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Color

-

clear

Boiling point

o

Specific gravity

-

0.857

Vapor pressure

kPa

9.997

Vapor pressure temperature

o

Evaporation rate

butyl acetate=1

C

C

160.0

20 2.84

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

Viscosity temperature

o

C

20

0.6

Hansen solubility parameters, (MPa)1/2

dD

7.7

dP

3.4

dH

6.1

HEALTH & SAFETY Flash point

o

Flash point method

-

C

Carcinogenicity IARC

N

Carcinogenicity NTP

N

Carcinogenicity OSHA

N

3.9 Setaflash

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Biodegradation probability

-

biodegradable

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Vertec BioSolvents, Inc.

Potential substitute for

MEK

Recommended for products

precision cleaning solvent, excellent solvency for paint, coating and ink formulations

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VertecBio ELSOL-KTR2 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

VertecBio ELSOL-KTR2

Molecular mass

daltons

81.52

Chemical category

-

biorenewable

Moisture content

wt%

0.2

Properties

blend of bio-based solvents

Product contents

purity 99.5 wt%

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Color

-

clear

Boiling point

o

Specific gravity

-

0.920

Vapor pressure

kPa

9.064

Vapor pressure temperature

o

Evaporation rate

butyl acetate=1

C

C

160.0

20 1.38

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

Viscosity temperature

o

C

20

1.2

Hansen solubility parameters, (MPa)1/2

dD

7.7

dP

3.4

dH

5.7

HEALTH & SAFETY Flash point

o

Flash point method

-

C

Carcinogenicity IARC

N

Carcinogenicity NTP

N

Carcinogenicity OSHA

N

5 Setaflash

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Biodegradation probability

-

biodegradable

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Vertec Biosolvents, Inc.

Potential substitute for

MIBK

Recommended for products

precision cleaning solvent, excellent solvency for paint, coating and ink formulations

Databook of Green Solvents, 2nd Edition/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

103

VertecBio ELSOL-LQ PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

VertecBio ELSOL-LQ

Molecular mass

daltons

66.29

Chemical category

-

biorenewable

Moisture content

wt%

0.2

Properties

blend of bio-based solvents derived from corn, soybeans, citrus fruits and other renewable feedstocks

Product contents

purity 99.5 wt%

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Color

-

clear

Boiling point

o

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

Vapor pressure

kPa

Vapor pressure temperature

o

Evaporation rate

butyl acetate=1

C C C

77.2-151.7 0.896 20 5.06 20 0.74

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

Viscosity temperature

o

C

20

1.4

Hansen solubility parameters, (MPa)1/2

dD

7.7

dP

4.0

dH

5.4

HEALTH & SAFETY Flash point

o

Flash point method

-

C

Carcinogenicity IARC

N

Carcinogenicity NTP

N

Carcinogenicity OSHA

N

18.9 Setaflash

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Biodegradation probability

-

Ozone depletion potential

zero ozone depletion

biodegradable

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Vertec Biosolvents, Inc.

Potential substitute for

butyl acetate

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104

VertecBio ELSOL-LQ PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Recommended for products

industrial coatings applications, primarily in coil, extrusion, wood furniture and fixtures, containers and closures, automotive finishes

Features & benefits

high solvating power

Processing methods

ideal wipe solvent

Databook of Green Solvents, 2nd Edition/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

105

VertecBio ELSOL-MAKR PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

VertecBio ELSOL-MAKR

Molecular mass

daltons

98.78

Chemical category

-

biorenewable

Moisture content

wt%

0.2

Properties

blend of bio-based solvents derived from corn, soybeans, citrus fruits and other renewable feedstocks

Product contents

purity 99.5 wt%

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Color

-

clear

Boiling point

o

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

Vapor pressure

kPa

Vapor pressure temperature

o

Evaporation rate

butyl acetate=1

C C C

43.9-67.8 0.939 20 0.853 20 0.25

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

Viscosity temperature

o

C

20

2.7

Hansen solubility parameters, (MPa)1/2

dD

7.7

dP

3.4

dH

6.7

HEALTH & SAFETY Flash point

o

Flash point method

-

C

Carcinogenicity IARC

N

Carcinogenicity NTP

N

39.4 Setaflash

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Biodegradation probability

-

biodegradable

Ozone depletion potential

zero ozone depletion

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Vertec Biosolvents, Inc.

Potential substitute for

ethyl amyl ketone MAK

Recommended for products

coating formulations and cleaning applications

Features & benefits

high performance, versatile solvent blend for formulations

Databook of Green Solvents, 2nd Edition/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

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VertecBio ELSOL-NMPR PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

VertecBio ELSOL-NMPR

Chemical category

-

biorenewable

Moisture content

wt%

0.2

Properties

blend of bio-based solvents derived from corn, soybeans, citrus fruits and other renewable feedstocks

Product contents

purity 99.5 wt%

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Odor

-

sweet pleasant

Color

-

clear

Boiling point

o

Specific gravity

-

0.963

Vapor density

air=1

4.50

Vapor pressure

kPa

0.0719

Vapor pressure temperature

o

Evaporation rate

butyl acetate=1

0.12

Kauri butanol number

-

600

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

2.4 27.0

C

148.9

C

20

Surface tension at 20 C

mN m

Solubility in water at 20oC

mg kg-1

miscible

Hildebrand solubility parameter

(MPa)

20.1

o

Hansen solubility parameters, (MPa)

1/2

-1

1/2

dD

7.7

dP

2.9

dH

5.4

C

63.9

HEALTH & SAFETY Flash point

o

Flash point method

-

Carcinogenicity IARC

N

Carcinogenicity NTP

N

Carcinogenicity OSHA

N

CC

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Biodegradation probability

-

biodegradable

Ozone depletion potential

zero ozone depletion

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Vertec Biosolvents, Inc.

Databook of Green Solvents, 2nd Edition/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

107

VertecBio ELSOL-NMPR PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Potential substitute for

n-methyl pyrrolidone NMP

Recommended for polymers

ideal for cleaning polyurethanes

Recommended for products

coating formulations and cleaning applications

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108

VertecBio ELSOL NMPR3 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

VertecBio ELSOL NMPR3

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Boiling point

o

C

189

Freezing point

o

C

-42

Specific gravity

-

1.01

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

7

Manufacturer

-

Vertec Biosolvents

Potential substitute for

N-methyl pyrrolidone

Recommended for products

solvent blend for formulations, paint, coating and resin formulations, formulating Isocyanate.

USE & PERFORMANCE

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109

VertecBio ELSOL-PMAR PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

VertecBio ELSOL-PMAR

Molecular mass

daltons

106.43

Chemical category

-

biorenewable

Moisture content

wt%

0.2

Properties

blend of bio-based solvents derived from corn, soybeans, citrus fruits and other renewable feedstocks

Product contents

purity 99.5 wt%

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Color

-

clear

Boiling point

o

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

Vapor pressure

kPa

Vapor pressure temperature

o

Evaporation rate

butyl acetate=1

C C C

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

Viscosity temperature

o

C

45.6-78.9 0.960 20 0.666 20 0.27 2.4 20

pH

-

4

Hansen solubility parameters, (MPa)1/2

dD

7.7

dP

3.1

dH

6.2

C

40.5

HEALTH & SAFETY Flash point

o

Flash point method

-

Carcinogenicity IARC

N

Carcinogenicity NTP

N

Carcinogenicity OSHA

N

Setaflash

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Vertec Biosolvents, Inc.

Potential substitute for

PM acetate

Recommended for products

industrial coatings application

Features & benefits

high performance, versatile solvent blend for formulation

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VertecBio ELSOL-XTR PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

VertecBio ELSOL-XTR

Molecular mass

daltons

99.66

Chemical category

-

biorenewable

Moisture content

wt%

0.2

Properties

blend of bio-based solvents derived from corn, soybeans, citrus fruits and other renewable feedstocks

Product contents

purity 99.5 wt%

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Color

-

clear

Boiling point

o

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

C

20

Vapor pressure

kPa

4.8

Vapor pressure temperature

o

C

20

Evaporation rate

butyl acetate=1

C

80.0-160 0.886

0.89

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

Viscosity temperature

o

C

20

1.1

Hansen solubility parameters, (MPa)1/2

dD

7.7

dP

2.9

dH

5.4

HEALTH & SAFETY Flash point

o

Flash point method

-

C

Carcinogenicity IARC

N

Carcinogenicity NTP

N

Carcinogenicity OSHA

N

12.8 Setaflash

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Biodegradation probability

-

Ozone depletion potential

zero ozone depletion

biodegradable

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Vertec Biosolvents, Inc.

Potential substitute for

xylene, toluene

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VertecBio ELSOL-XTR PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Recommended for products

industrial coatings applications, primarily in coil, extrusion, wood furniture and fixtures, containers and closures, automotive finishes

Features & benefits

high performance, versatile solvent blend for formulations

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VertecBioCitrus-120 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

VertecBioCitrus-120

Chemical category

-

biorenewable

Mixture

-

Y

Product contents

corn and citrus fruit derived solvent

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

Boiling point

o

L

Specific gravity

-

0.910

Vapor pressure

kPa

0.533

Vapor pressure temperature

o

Evaporation rate

butyl acetate=1

0.30

Flammability

2

Health

1

Reactivity

0

C

107.7

C

20

HEALTH & SAFETY HMIS classification

Flash point

o

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat inhalation, LC50

ppm

Ingestion

May cause irritation of the digestive tract.

Skin irritation

Not an irritant.

Eye irritation

Irritant to eye.

Inhalation

May cause irritation of mucous membranes.

Chronic effects

May cause irritation of mucous membranes.

C

52.8 -1

4,090 5,400/4H

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Biodegradation probability

100% biodegradable

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Vertec Biosolvents, Inc.

Potential substitute for

halogenated hydrocarbons, NMP

Recommended for polymers

PU, epoxy

Recommended for products

specialty coatings, inks, cleaners, paint and coatings removal, pesticides

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3.3 Deep eutectic solvents (range) PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Deep eutectic solvent

Common name

quaternary ammonium salt derivatives

Common synonym

sugar-choline chloride (natural deep eutectic solvents)

Acronym

-

NADES, DES

Molecular mass

daltons

84-185

Chemical category

deep eutectic solvents

Properties

eutectic solvent: mixtures of quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) and hydrogen bond donors (HBD)

Product contents

Example of eutectic solvent: Choline chloride and urea, molar ratio of choline chloride to urea is 1:2

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

Freezing point

o

S, L

C

-72 to 21

Refractive index at 20 C

-

1.33-1.66

Specific gravity

-

0.99-1.457

pH

-

4.5-7.2

o

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

1.4-3250 47-76

Surface tension at 20 C

mN m

Solubility in water at 20oC

mg kg-1

soluble

Electrical conductivity

mS cm

0.11-28.4

o

-1

-1

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Biodegradation probability

-

biodegradable

USE & PERFORMANCE Recommended for products

dye-sensitized solar cells, metal cleaning prior to electroplating, lithium ion batteries, electric double layer capacitors

Features & benefits

excellent electrolyte, stability, negligible volatility at room temperature, high solubilization ability, non-toxic

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3.4 Esters. Coasol PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Coasol

Molecular mass

daltons

244

Chemical category

-

ester

Mixture

-

Y

Product contents

diisobutyl adipate: 15-25%, diisobutyl glutarate: 55-65%, diisobutyl succinate: 12-25%

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Odor

-

low

Color

-

colorless

Boiling point

o

C

280.0

Freezing point

o

C

-61.0

Refractive index at 20 C o

-

1.4270

Specific gravity

-

0.960

Vapor pressure

kPa

0.0004

Vapor pressure temperature

o

Evaporation rate

butyl acetate=1

< 0.001

Corrosivity

-

N

C

20

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

Viscosity temperature

o

Surface tension at 20oC

mN m-1

27.20

Solubility in water at 20 C

mg kg

10,000

o

C

5.3 25

-1

HEALTH & SAFETY Autoignition temperature

o

C

400

Flash point

o

C

131

Biological oxygen demand, 5 days

g g-1

0.60

Montreal protocol

-

N

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Chemoxy International

Outstanding properties

non-VOC, low odor, extended open time

Potential substitute for

pentanediol and benzoic acid esters, butyldiglycol acetate, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, ethyl ethoxy propionate, terpenes, high-boiling glycol ethers, isophorone, high-boiling ketones, high boiling aromatics

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3.4 Esters. Coasol PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Recommended for polymers

unsaturated polyester, epoxy

Recommended for products

safe coalescing agent for water-based coatings, paint strippers, graffiti removers, carpet shampoos, industrial cleaners, oil field chemicals, textile chemicals

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Coasol 290 Plus PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Coasol 290 Plus

Common name

mixture of diester oils

Moisture content

wt%

Product contents

min. 99% diester

0.2

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Color

-

colorless

Boiling point

o

C

290-310

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

Vapor pressure

kPa

Vapor pressure temperature

o

Evaporation rate

butyl acetate=1

99 wt%

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Odor

-

fruity, rum

Color

-

colorless

Boiling point

o

C

99.1

Freezing point

o

C

-73.85

Refractive index at 20 C o

-

1.3810

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

0.884

Vapor density

air=1

3.50

Vapor pressure

kPa

4.97

Vapor pressure temperature

o

C

25

C

25 33.88

Enthalpy of vaporization

kJ mol

Enthalpy of vaporization temperature

K

Acceptor number

-

Donor number

kcal mol

Corrosivity

-

N

Molar volume

cm3 mol-1

115.6

Coefficients of Antoine equation

coefficient A

4.14526

coefficient B

1274.735

coefficient C

-64.218

K

306.9 to 371.5

Temperature range of Antoine equation

-1

372.2 6.7 -1

17.1

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Ethyl propionate PARAMETER

UNIT

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

Viscosity temperature

o

Surface tension at 20oC

mN m-1

24.27

Solubility in water at 20oC

mg kg-1

22,000

Heat of combustion at 25 C

MJ kg

Specific heat at 25 C

kJ K mol

Coefficient of thermal expansion

10-4 oC-1 (K-1)

12.60

Hildebrand solubility parameter

(MPa)1/2

17.18

dD

15.5

dP

6.1

o

o

Hansen solubility parameters, (MPa)

VALUE 30

28.58

-1

-1

1/2

0.473

C

196.23

-1

dH

4.9

Henry’s law constant

atm/m -mol

Relative permittivity

-

5.65

Flammability

3

Health

1

Reactivity

0

3

-1

2.53E-04

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

UN risk phrases, R

R11

US safety phrases, S

S2,S16,S23,S24,S29,S33

UN number

-

1195

UN/NA hazard class

3

UN packaging group

II

DOT class

UN 1195 flammable liquid, n.o.s. (ethyl propionate), 3, II

ICAO/IATA class, packaging group

UN 1195 ETHYL PROPIONATE, 3, II

IMDG class, packaging group

UN 1195 ETHYL PROPIONATE, 3, II

Proper shipping name

flammable liquid, n.o.s. (ethyl propionate)

Autoignition temperature

o

C

440

Flash point

o

C

12

Flash point method

-

TCC

Explosion limit, lower

wt%

1.90

Explosion limit, upper

wt%

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

11.00 -1

mg kg

8,732

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rabbit dermal LD50

mg kg

-1

14,256

Route of entry

Con, Ing Eye

Skin irritation

May cause skin irritation.

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Ethyl propionate PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Eye irritation

May cause serious eye irritation

Inhalation

May cause respiratory tract irritation.

First aid: eyes

Flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid.

Carcinogenicity IARC

N

Carcinogenicity NTP

N

Carcinogenicity OSHA

N

Mutagenic properties

Y

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Theoretical oxygen demand

g g-1

2.04

Bioconcentration factor

-

0.69

Biodegradation probability

-

days-weeks

Hydroxyl rate constant

cm3 molecule-1 s-1

2.10E-12

Montreal protocol

-

N

Partition coefficient

logKow

1.21

Urban ozone formation potential

C2H4=1

0.04

Soil absorption constant

-

1.07

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Graham Chemical, Parchem

Recommended for products

Perfumery and fragrance

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Ethylene glycol methyl ether acetate PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Ethylene glycol methyl ether acetate

CAS #

-

110-49-6

IUPAC name

2-methoxyethyl acetate

Common name

methyl cellosolve acetate

Common synonym

methyl glycol acetate

Empirical formula

-

Formula

C5H10O3

H3CCOCH2CH2OCH3 O

Molecular mass

daltons

118.15

RTECS number

-

KL5950000

Chemical category

-

ester

Mixture

-

N

EC number

-

203-772-9

Product contents

ethylene glycol methyl ether acetate >98 wt%

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Odor

-

mild, ether

Color

-

colorless

Boiling point

o

C

145

Freezing point

o

C

-65

Refractive index at 20 C o

-

1.402

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

Vapor density

air=1

4.1

Vapor pressure

kPa

0.27

Vapor pressure temperature

o

Evaporation rate

butyl acetate=1

0.35

Corrosivity

-

N

Molar volume

cm3 mol-1

121.6

Coefficients of Antoine equation

coefficient A

4.40619

coefficient B

1545.712

coefficient C

-66.676

Temperature range of Antoine equation

K

343 to 417

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

1.06

Viscosity temperature

o

C

C

C

1.01 20

20

25

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Ethylene glycol methyl ether acetate PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Surface tension at 20oC

mN m-1

34.0

Solubility in water at 20 C

mg kg-1

miscible

Heat of combustion at 25 C

MJ kg

23.42

Hildebrand solubility parameter

(MPa)1/2

18.82

dD

15.9

dP

5.5

o

o

Hansen solubility parameters, (MPa)

1/2

-1

dH Henry’s law constant

11.6

atm/m -mol 3

-1

2.73E-06

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

HMIS classification

Flammability

2

Health

1

Reactivity

1

Flammability

2

Health

1

Reactivity

1

UN risk phrases, R

R60,R61,R20/21/22

US safety phrases, S

S53,S45

UN number

-

UN/NA hazard class

3

UN packaging group

III

1189

DOT class

3, III

ICAO/IATA class, packaging group

UN 1189 ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOMETHYL ETHER ACETATE, 3, III

IMDG class, packaging group

UN 1189 ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOMETHYL ETHER ACETATE, 3, III

Proper shipping name

ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate

Autoignition temperature

o

C

Flash point

o

C

Flash point method

-

CC

Explosion limit, lower

wt%

1.5

Explosion limit, upper

wt%

12.3

Threshold limiting value – TWA 8h, ACGIH

mg m-3

24

Threshold limiting value – TWA 8h, ACGIH

ppm

5

392 45

Threshold limiting value – TWA 8h, NIOSH

mg m

0.5

Threshold limiting value – TWA 8h, NIOSH

ppm

0.1

Threshold limiting value – TWA 8h, OSHA

mg m-3

120

Threshold limiting value – TWA 8h, OSHA

ppm

25

-3

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Ethylene glycol methyl ether acetate PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Maximum exposure concentration NIOSH-IDLH

ppm

200

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg-1

3,390

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rabbit dermal LD50

mg kg

5,250

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat inhalation, LC50

ppm

Route of entry

Inh, Abs, Ing, Con

First aid: eyes

Flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid.

Target organs

Kdny,Brain,CNS,PNS

Carcinogenicity IARC

N

Carcinogenicity NTP

N

Carcinogenicity OSHA

N

Mutagenic properties

Y

-1

7,000/4H

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Biological oxygen demand, 5 days

g g-1

0.49

Chemical oxygen demand

gg

-1

1.60

Theoretical oxygen demand

g g-1

1.63

Bioconcentration factor

-

-0.10

Biodegradation probability

-

days-weeks

Hydroxyl rate constant

cm3 molecule-1 s-1

9.09E-12

Montreal protocol

-

N

Partition coefficient

logKow

0.10

Urban ozone formation potential

C2H4=1

0.24

Soil absorption constant

-

0.05

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Celanese GmbH, Sigma-Aldrich

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Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate

CAS #

-

112-07-2

IUPAC name

2-butoxyethyl acetate

Common name

butyl glycol acetate

Common synonym

acetic acid 2-butoxyethyl ester

Empirical formula

-

Formula

C8H16O3

H3CCO(CH2)2O(CH2)3CH3 O

Molecular mass

daltons

160.24

RTECS number

-

KJ8925000

Chemical category

-

ester

Mixture

-

N

EC number

-

203-933-3

Product contents

ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate >99 wt%

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Odor

-

fruity

Color

-

colorless

Boiling point

o

C

194

Freezing point

o

C

-64

Refractive index at 20 C

-

1.4142

Specific gravity

-

0.941

Specific gravity temperature

o

Vapor density

air=1

5.5

Vapor pressure

kPa

0.0386

Vapor pressure temperature

o

Evaporation rate

butyl acetate=1

0.03

Evaporation rate

ether=1

403.4

o

C

20

C

20

Molar volume

cm mol

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

Viscosity temperature

o

3

C

-1

171.2 1.7 25

Surface tension at 20 C

mN m

Solubility in water at 20oC

mg kg-1

17,000

Heat of combustion at 25 C

MJ kg

29.52

o

o

-1

-1

30.3

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Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate PARAMETER

UNIT

Hildebrand solubility parameter Hansen solubility parameters, (MPa)

1/2

VALUE

(MPa)1/2

17.18

dD

15.3

dP

7.5

dH Henry’s law constant

6.8

atm/m -mol 3

-1

6.38E-06

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

Flammability

2

Health

1

Reactivity

0

UN risk phrases, R

R20/21

US safety phrases, S

S2,S24

UN/NA hazard class

not regulated

DOT class

not regulated

Autoignition temperature

o

C

Flash point

o

C

Flash point method

-

CC

Explosion limit, lower

wt%

0.88

Explosion limit, upper

wt%

8.54

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg-1

2,400

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rabbit dermal LD50

mg kg-1

1,500

Route of entry

Ing, Con

Ingestion

May cause irritation of the digestive tract

Skin irritation

Causes mild skin irritation

Eye irritation

May cause eye irritation

Inhalation

May cause respiratory tract irritation

First aid: eyes

Flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the eyelids. Get medical aid

First aid: skin

Get medical aid. Flush skin with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 min, seek medical advice

First aid: inhalation

Remove from exposure to fresh air immediately, If not breathing, give artificial respiration

Carcinogenicity IARC

N

Carcinogenicity NTP

N

Carcinogenicity OSHA

N

340 71

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Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Theoretical oxygen demand

g g-1

1.30

Bioconcentration factor

-

1.07

Biodegradation probability

-

days

Hydroxyl rate constant

cm3 molecule-1 s-1

2.09E-11

Montreal protocol

-

N

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

Partition coefficient

logKow

1.57

Urban ozone formation potential

C2H4=1

0.26

Soil absorption constant

-

0.85

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Eastman Chemical Company

Outstanding properties

Slow evaporation rate

Recommended for products

High-bake coatings, epoxy coatings

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GEM 2-ethylhexyl palmitate PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

GEM 2-ethylhexyl palmitate

CAS #

-

29806-73-3

IUPAC name

2-ethylhexyl hexadecanoate

Common name

2-ethylhexyl palmitate

Common synonym

2-Ethylhexyl hexadecanoate

Empirical formula

-

C24H48O2

Formula

O O

Molecular mass

daltons

Product contents

min. 97%

368.646

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Odor

-

slight

Color

clear nearly colorless

Refractive index at 20oC

-

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

1.4455 0.859

C

25

HEALTH & SAFETY HMIS classification

Flammability

1

Health

1

Reactivity

0

DOT class

not regulated

ICAO/IATA class, packaging group

not regulated

IMDG class, packaging group

not regulated

Flash point

o

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg

First aid: eyes

Any material that contacts the eye should be washed out immediately with water. If easy to do, remove contact lenses. Get medical attention if symptoms persist.

First aid: skin

Wash with soap and water. Get medical attention if symptoms occur.

First aid: inhalation

Move to fresh air. Treat symptomatically. Get medical attention if symptoms persist

C

>93 -1

>5,000

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GEM 2-ethylhexyl palmitate PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Manufacturer

-

Eastman

Outstanding properties

sustainable manufacturing, guided by the U.S. EPA’s Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry. GEM™ technology significantly reduces energy, CO2 emissions, waste, and water usage compared to conventional processes

Recommended for products

color cosmetics, skin care

Features & benefits

sustainable manufacturing, guided by the U.S. EPA’s Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry

USE & PERFORMANCE

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GEM retinyl linoleate PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

GEM retinyl linoleate

Moisture content

wt%

Properties

biobased content 48%

Product contents

at least 80% retinyl oleate

0.5

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Odor

-

low

Color

-

light gold

Specific gravity

-

0.9

Flammability

1

Health

2

Reactivity

0

Flammability

1

Health

2

Reactivity

0

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg-1

>2,000

First aid: eyes

Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.

First aid: skin

Wash off with soap and plenty of water. Wash contaminated clothing before re-use. In the case of skin irritation or allergic reactions see a physician. Thoroughly clean shoes before reuse.

First aid: inhalation

Move to fresh air. Call a physician or poison control center immediately.

Carcinogenicity IARC

N

Carcinogenicity NTP

N

Carcinogenicity OSHA

N

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

HMIS classification

UN risk phrases, R US safety phrases, S

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Aquatic toxicity, Daphnia magna, 48-h LC50

mg l-1

>100

Manufacturer

-

Eastman

Outstanding properties

liquid form without added solvents, oils or diluents

USE & PERFORMANCE

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GEM retinyl linoleate PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Recommended for products

anti-aging preparations, body care, facial care, facial cleansing, facial treatment, foundation, hand cream, lip balm, lipstick, skin care

Features & benefits

sustainable manufacturing, guided by the U.S. EPA’s Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry

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Glycerol triacetate PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Glycerol triacetate

CAS #

-

102-76-1

IUPAC name

1,3-diacetyloxypropan-2-yl acetate

Common name

triacetin

Common synonym

triacetyl glycerine

Empirical formula

-

C9H14O6

Formula

O

O H3C

O

O O

CH3

CH3 O

Molecular mass

daltons

218.21

RTECS number

-

AK3675000

Chemical category

-

ester

Mixture

-

N

EC number

-

203-051-9

Product contents

glycerol triacetate 100%

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Color

-

colorless

Boiling point

o

C

258

Freezing point

o

C

-37

Refractive index at 20 C

-

1.431

Specific gravity

-

1.16

Specific gravity temperature

o

Vapor density

air=1

7.52

Vapor pressure

kPa

0.00033

Vapor pressure temperature

o

Corrosivity

-

N

Molar volume

cm3 mol-1

189.0

o

C

20

C

25

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

Viscosity temperature

o

Solubility in water at 20oC

mg kg-1

Heat of combustion at 25 C

MJ kg

Coefficient of thermal expansion

10-4 oC-1 (K-1)

o

C

3.54 25

-1

moderate 19.86 8.42

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147

Glycerol triacetate PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Hansen solubility parameters, (MPa)1/2

dD

16.5

dP

4.5

Relative permittivity

dH

9.1

-

6.0

Flammability

1

Health

1

Reactivity

0

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

UN number

-

UN/NA hazard class

not regulated

DOT class

not regulated

Autoignition temperature

o

C

430

Flash point

o

C

138

Flash point method

-

CC

Explosion limit, lower

wt%

1.1

Explosion limit, upper

wt%

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg

Carcinogenicity IARC

N

Carcinogenicity NTP

N

Carcinogenicity OSHA

N

7.7 -1

3,000

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Montreal protocol

-

N

Partition coefficient

logKow

0.25

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Eastman, Merck Schuchardt OHG, Spectrum Laboratory Products

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148

Isopropyl lactate PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Isopropyl lactate

CAS #

-

617-51-6

IUPAC name

propan-2-yl 2-hydroxypropanoate

Empirical formula

-

C6H12O3

Formula

OH H3CCHOCCHCH3 CH3 O

Molecular mass

daltons

132.16

Chemical category

-

ester

Mixture

-

N

State

-

L

Boiling point

o

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES C

157 0.99

C

20

Molar volume

cm mol

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

Viscosity temperature

o

Hansen solubility parameters, (MPa)

3

1/2

C

-1

132.4 2.9 25

dD

16.0

dP

6.7

dH

13.4

HEALTH & SAFETY Flash point

o

C

57

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

-

Outstanding properties

high solvency, readily biodegradable

Dow/Haltermann

Potential substitute for

chlorinated solvents in degreasing and ethyl glycols in coatings and inks

Recommended for products

printing ink cleaning and ink formulations; industrial coatings, agrochemicals, oil field chemicals, adhesives

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149

Jeffsol AG-1555 carbonate PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Jeffsol AG-1555 carbonate

CAS #

-

Common name

4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one

Common synonym

propylene glycol carbonate

108-32-7

Formula

H3C

O O O

RTECS number

-

FF9650000

Chemical category

-

ester

Mixture

-

N

EC number

-

203-572-1

Moisture content

wt%

0.1

State

-

L

Odor

-

low odor

Color

-

clear

Boiling point

o

C

242

Freezing point

o

C

-48

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

Vapor density

air=1

0.004

Vapor pressure

kPa

20

Evaporation rate

butyl acetate=1

Molar volume

cm mol

Hansen solubility parameters, (MPa)1/2

dD

20.0

dP

18.0

dH

4.1

Flammability

1

Health

1

Reactivity

0

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

1.206

C

20

3

-1

0.005 85.2

HEALTH & SAFETY HMIS classification

Flash point

o

Flash point method

-

C

135 PMCC

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150

Jeffsol AG-1555 carbonate PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Manufacturer

-

Huntsman

Recommended for products

agricultural pesticide formulations, veterinary topical formulations, minimal risk solvent, component of tank mix adjuvants

Features & benefits

high solvency

USE & PERFORMANCE

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151

Jeffsol EC-25 ethylene carbonate PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Jeffsol EC-25 ethylene carbonate

CAS #

-

108-32-7, 96-49-1

Acronym

-

EC/PC

Molecular mass

daltons

98.18

Chemical category

-

ester

Mixture

-

Y

Moisture content

wt%

0.1

Product contents

25:75 blend of ethylene and propylene carbonates

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Color

-

clear

Boiling point

o

C

243.0

Freezing point

o

C

-25.8

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

Vapor pressure

kPa

Vapor pressure temperature

o

Evaporation rate

butyl acetate=1

C C

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

Viscosity temperature

o

Surface tension at 20oC

mN m-1

C

1.240 25 0.0267 20 0.005 2.52 25 43.20

HEALTH & SAFETY Flash point

o

C

140.6

Flash point method

-

PMCC

Manufacturer

-

Huntsman

Recommended for products

excellent solvent for organic and inorganic materials in such applications as surface cleaners, degreasers, dyes, fibers, plastics, batteries, aromatic hydrocarbons, and natural gas

USE & PERFORMANCE

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Jeffsol EC-50 ethylene carbonate PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Jeffsol EC-50 ethylene carbonate

CAS #

-

108-32-7, 96-49-1

Acronym

-

EC/PC

Chemical category

-

ester

Mixture

-

Y

Moisture content

wt%

0.1

Product contents

50:50 blend of ethylene and propylene carbonates

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Color

-

clear

Boiling point

o

C

244

Freezing point

o

C

4

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

Vapor pressure

kPa

Vapor pressure temperature

o

Evaporation rate

butyl acetate=1

0.005

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

2.52

Viscosity temperature

o

Surface tension at 20oC

mN m-1

C C

C

1.27 20 0.004 20

25 45.9

HEALTH & SAFETY Flash point

o

Flash point method

-

C

PMCC

154

Manufacturer

-

Huntsman

Recommended for products

excellent solvent for organic and inorganic materials in such applications as surface cleaners, degreasers, dyes, fibers, plastics, batteries, aromatic hydrocarbons, and natural gas

USE & PERFORMANCE

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153

Jeffsol EC-75 ethylene carbonate PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Jeffsol EC-75 ethylene carbonate

CAS #

-

108-32-7, 96-49-1

Chemical category

-

ester

Mixture

-

Y

Moisture content

wt%

0.1

Product contents

75:25 blend of ethylene and propylene carbonates

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Color

-

clear

Boiling point

o

C

246.0

Freezing point

o

C

22.0

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

Vapor pressure

kPa

Vapor pressure temperature

o

Evaporation rate

butyl acetate=1

0.005

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

2.55

Viscosity temperature

o

Surface tension at 20 C

mN m

o

1.30

C

20 0.004

C

20

C

25 -1

48.50

HEALTH & SAFETY Flash point

o

C

132-160

Flash point method

-

PMCC

Manufacturer

-

Huntsman

Recommended for products

excellent solvent for organic and inorganic materials in such applications as surface cleaners, degreasers, dyes, fibers, plastics, batteries, aromatic hydrocarbons, and natural gas

USE & PERFORMANCE

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154

Propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate

CAS #

-

IUPAC name

1-methoxypropan-2-yl acetate

Common name

methoxypropyl acetate

Common synonym

1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate

Empirical formula

-

Formula

108-65-6

C6H12O3

CH3COCHCH2OCH3 O

Molecular mass

daltons

132.16

RTECS number

-

AI8925000

Chemical category

-

ester

Mixture

-

N

EC number

-

203-603-9

Product contents

1-methoxypropan-2-yl acetate >99.5 wt%

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Odor

-

fruity ester

Color

-

colorless

Boiling point

o

C

Freezing point

o

C

Refractive index at 20oC

-

146 -67 1.400

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

Vapor density

air=1

4.6

Vapor pressure

kPa

0.37

Vapor pressure temperature

o

Evaporation rate

butyl acetate=1

0.4

Evaporation rate

ether=1

30.2

Molar volume

cm3 mol-1

137.1

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

1.17

Viscosity temperature

o

Corrosivity

-

N

Surface tension at 20oC

mN m-1

26.0

Solubility in water at 20oC

mg kg-1

198,000

C

C

C

0.968 20

20

20

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155

Propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate PARAMETER

UNIT

Heat of combustion at 25oC Hansen solubility parameters, (MPa)

1/2

VALUE

MJ kg-1

25.68

dD

15.6

dP

5.6

dH Henry’s law constant

9.8

atm/m -mol 3

-1

3.62E-06

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

Flammability

2

Health

0

Reactivity

0

UN risk phrases, R

R10,R36

US safety phrases, S

S25

UN number

-

UN/NA hazard class

3

UN packaging group

III

3272

DOT class

3, III

ICAO/IATA class, packaging group

UN 3272 ESTERS, N.O.S. (1-METHOXY-2-PROPYLACETATE), 3, III

IMDG class, packaging group

UN 3272 ESTERS, N.O.S. (1-METHOXY-2-PROPYLACETATE), 3, III

Proper shipping name

1-methoxy-2-propylacetate

Autoignition temperature

o

C

Flash point

o

C

Flash point method

-

CC

Explosion limit, lower

wt%

1.5

Explosion limit, upper

wt%

7.0

Threshold limiting value – TWA 8h, ACGIH

mg m-3

275

Threshold limiting value – TWA 8h, ACGIH

ppm

50

354 42

Threshold limiting value – TWA 8h, OSHA

mg m

137

Threshold limiting value – TWA 8h, OSHA

ppm

25

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg-1

8,532

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rabbit dermal LD50

mg kg-1

5,000

-3

Route of entry

Inh, Con

Eye irritation

Irritating to eyes.

Target organs

RspSys,Eye,CNS,Lvr,Kdny

Carcinogenicity IARC

N

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Propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate PARAMETER

UNIT

Carcinogenicity NTP

N

Carcinogenicity OSHA

N

Mutagenic properties

N

VALUE

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Biological oxygen demand, 5 days

g g-1

0.36

Chemical oxygen demand

gg

-1

1.11

Theoretical oxygen demand

gg

-1

Bioconcentration factor

-

0.01

Biodegradation probability

-

days-weeks

Hydroxyl rate constant

cm3 molecule-1 s-1

1.20E-11

Montreal protocol

-

N

1.82

Partition coefficient

logKow

0.56

Urban ozone formation potential

C2H4=1

0.25

Soil absorption constant

-

0.36

Manufacturer

-

Eastman Chemical

Recommended for products

Effective retarder solvent for use in lacquers, thinners, and baking enamels, can also be used in edge bead removal after spin coating processes.

USE & PERFORMANCE

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157

Propylene glycol monostearate PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Propylene glycol monostearate

CAS #

-

1323-39-3

IUPAC name

2-hydroxypropyl octadecanoate

Common name

1,2-propanediol monooctadecanoate

Common synonym

2-hydroxypropyl stearate

Empirical formula

-

Formula

C21H42O3

CH3(CH2)16COCH2CHOH O

Molecular mass

CH3

daltons

342.56

RTECS number

-

WI4550000

Chemical category

-

ester

Mixture

-

N

EC number

-

215-354-3

Product contents

propylene glycol monostearate (contains ca. 35% monopalmitate)

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

S

Color

-

almost white

Freezing point

o

Molar volume

cm3 mol-1

378.1

dD

16.3

dP

3.5

dH

6.3

Flammability

1

Health

1

Reactivity

0

Hansen solubility parameters, (MPa)

1/2

C

35

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

UN/NA hazard class

not regulated

DOT class

not regulated

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg-1

3,000

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Mouse oral LD50

mg kg

26,000

Ingestion

May cause irritation of the digestive tract.

Skin irritation

May cause mild skin irritation.

Eye irritation

May cause eye irritation.

-1

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Propylene glycol monostearate PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Inhalation

May cause respiratory tract irritation. The toxicological properties of this substance have not been fully investigated.

First aid: eyes

Immediately wash affected eyes for at least 15 minutes under running water with eyelids held open, consult an ophthalmologist.

First aid: skin

Remove contaminated clothing. Wash the skin immediately with soap and water. Get medical attention if any discomfort continues.

First aid: inhalation

Remove to fresh air and seek medical attention.

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

-

Parchem, Hallstar

Recommended for products

medical, pharmaceutical

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159

SkyKleen 1000 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

SkyKleen 1000

Mixture

-

Product contents

dimethyl glutarate - 55-75%, dimethyl succinate - 15-35%, dimethyl adipate - 5-25%

Y

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Odor

-

low odor

Color

-

clear, water white

Boiling point

o

C

200-220

Freezing point

o

C

-40

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

Vapor pressure

kPa

Vapor pressure temperature

o

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

Viscosity temperature

o

Surface tension at 20 C

mN m

Solubility in water at 20oC

mg kg-1

55,000

Flammability

1

Health

1

Reactivity

0

o

1.086

C

20 0.008

C

20

C

3.88 25

-1

35.4

HEALTH & SAFETY HMIS classification

UN/NA hazard class

not regulated

DOT class

not regulated

Autoignition temperature

o

C

Flash point

o

C

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Mouse oral LD50

438 102

mg kg

-1

500

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rabbit dermal LD50

mg kg

-1

5,000

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat inhalation, LC50

ppm

Ingestion

No more than slightly toxic if swallowed. Significant adverse health effects are not expected to develop if only small amounts (less than a mouthful) are swallowed.

Skin irritation

No more than slightly irritating to skin.

10,700/1H

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SkyKleen 1000 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Eye irritation

Moderately irritating to eyes.

Inhalation

Moderately irritating if inhaled. No more than slightly toxic if inhaled.

First aid: eyes

Immediately flush with plenty of water. If easy to do, remove any contact lenses. Get medical attention if irritation persists.

First aid: skin

Immediate first aid is not likely to be required. This material can be removed with water. Wash heavily contaminated clothing before reuse.

First aid: inhalation

Remove patient to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult give oxygen. Remove material from eyes, skin and clothing.

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Biodegradation probability

Inherently biodegradable

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Solutia Inc./Eastman Chemical

Outstanding properties

environmentally friendly characteristics, non-ozone depleting

Potential substitute for

MEK, acetone, freon, 1-1-1 trichloroethane, stoddard solvent, mineral spirits

Recommended for products

aviation solvent; removal of polysulfide sealant, RTV, carbon (brakes and piston housing), fiberglass resin, epoxy adhesive; degreasing; and engine, and general surface cleaning

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SkyKleen 2000 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

SkyKleen 2000

Product contents

dimethyl ester  91%, amorphous fumed silica  9%

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

paste

Odor

-

sweet

Color

-

white

Boiling point

o

C

169-226

Freezing point

o

C

-40

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

Vapor pressure

kPa

Vapor pressure temperature

o

Solubility in water at 20 C

mg kg

o

1.086

C

20 0.008

C

20 -1

9% insolubles

HEALTH & SAFETY HMIS classification

Flammability

1

Health

1

Reactivity

0

UN risk phrases, R DOT class

not regulated

ICAO/IATA class, packaging group

not regulated

IMDG class, packaging group

not regulated

Autoignition temperature

o

C

Flash point

o

C

Flash point method

-

TCC

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg-1

>5,000

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rabbit dermal LD50

mg kg-1

>5,000

First aid: eyes

Immediately flush with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. If easy to do, remove contact lenses. Get medical attention if symptoms occur.

First aid: skin

Wash skin with soap and water. Get medical attention if symptoms occur. Wash contaminated clothing before reuse. Destroy or thoroughly clean contaminated shoes.

438 102

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162

SkyKleen 2000 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

First aid: inhalation

Move into fresh air and keep at rest. For breathing difficulties, oxygen may be necessary. Consult a physician for specific advice. Persons who have inhaled vapors or smoke fumes have to be put under medical observation for at least 48 hours, due to the delayed appearance of poisoning.

Carcinogenicity IARC

N

Carcinogenicity NTP

N

Carcinogenicity OSHA

N

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Aquatic toxicity, Daphnia magna, 48-h LC50 Aquatic toxicity Fathead minnow, 96-h LC50

mg l-1

136

mg l-1

>18

Biodegradation probability

readily biodegradable

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Solutia (Eastman subsidiary)

Outstanding properties

a new generation aviation solvent that combines excellent cleaning performance with environmentally friendly characteristics

Recommended for products

aviation solvent, adhesive/epoxy removal, carbon epoxy composite surface cleaning, carbon removal (brake and piston housings), degreasing, engine cleaning, fiberglass resin removal, final cleaning prior to painting and bonding, general surface cleaning, polysufide sealant removal (cured/uncured), RTV removal, skydrol removal

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Solvent DBE PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Solvent DBE

Chemical category

-

ester

Mixture

-

Y

Product contents

dimethyl glutarate 55-75%, dimethyl adipate 10-25%, dimethyl succinate 19-26%, methanol 2,000

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rabbit dermal LD50

mg kg

>5,000

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat inhalation, LC50

ppm

First aid: eyes

Wash affected eyes for at least 15 minutes under running water with eyelids held open, consult an eye specialist.

First aid: skin

Wash thoroughly with soap and water.

-1

3.55/4H

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3.5 Fatty Acid Esters. Agnique AMD 10 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

First aid: inhalation

Keep patient calm, remove to fresh air, seek medical attention.

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Biodegradation probability

readily biodegradable

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

-

BASF

Potential substitute for

NMP, DMF, xylene

Recommended for products

solvent for pesticides

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170

Agnique ME 18 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Agnique ME 18

Common name

rapeseed oil fatty acid methyl ester

Common synonym

distillate of methyl ester of soybean oil

Moisture content

wt%

Product contents

fatty acid methyl ester

up to 0.05

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Odor

-

odorless

Color

pale greenish to yellow

Boiling point

o

C

351-360

Melting point

o

C

15.6-16.9

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

0.87-0.89

Acid number

mg KOH/g

max. 0.5

Iodine number

g/100 g

100-120

Vapor pressure

kPa

0.42

C

20

C

25

Vapor pressure temperature

o

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

Viscosity temperature

o

Solubility in water at 20 C o

C

mg kg

6 20

-1

5,000

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rabbit dermal LD50

mg kg-1

>2,000

First aid: eyes

Wash affected eyes for at least 15 minutes under running water with eyelids held open.

First aid: skin

Wash thoroughly with soap and water.

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Agnique ME 18 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

First aid: inhalation

Keep patient calm, remove to fresh air.

Reproduction/developmental toxicity

no indication

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Aquatic toxicity, Daphnia magna, 48-h LC50

mg l-1

Biodegradation probability

readily biodegradable

Montreal protocol

-

N

Partition coefficient

logKow

6.2

Manufacturer

-

BASF

Recommended for products

crop protection products, adjuvants

no toxicity

USE & PERFORMANCE

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Agsoy ME PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Agsoy ME

CAS #

-

Common name

methyl ester, soybean oil

Product contents

100% soybean oil base, 98% methyl ester purity

67784-80-9

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Odor

-

vegetable oil

Color

-

light yellow

Boiling point

o

C

351

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

pH

-

6.5-7

Flammability

1

Health

1

Reactivity

0

Flammability

1

Health

1

Reactivity

0

C

0.88 20

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

HMIS classification

DOT class

non-regulated material

ICAO/IATA class, packaging group

non-regulated material

IMDG class, packaging group

non-regulated material

Flash point

o

Flash point method

-

First aid: eyes

Rinse opened eye for at least 15 minutes under running water. If symptoms persist, consult a doctor.

First aid: skin

If irritation occurs, wash area with soap and water.

Carcinogenicity IARC

N

Carcinogenicity NTP

N

Carcinogenicity OSHA

N

C

>130 PMCC

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

-

Outstanding properties

biodegradable

Recommended for products

herbicides

Ag Processing Inc.

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Agsoy ME PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Features & benefits

1 bushel of soybeans to make every 1.5 gallons of Agsoy ME

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Arachidonic acid methyl ester PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Arachidonic acid methyl ester

CAS #

-

IUPAC name

5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid methyl ester

Common name

methyl arachidonate

Common synonym

methyl eicosatetraenoate

Empirical formula

-

Formula

2566-89-4

C21H34O2 O OCH3

CH3

Molecular mass

daltons

318.49

Chemical category

-

fatty acid ester

EC number

-

219-900-1

Product contents

arachidonic acid methyl ester 90-100%

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Odor

-

characteristic

Color

colorless to very faint yellow

Boiling point

o

C

404

Specific gravity

-

0.901

Vapor pressure

kPa

5.73

Solubility in water at 20oC

mg kg-1

insoluble

Flammability

1

Health

1

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

HMIS classification

Reactivity

2

Flammability

1

Health

1

Reactivity

2

UN risk phrases, R

R19

US safety phrases, S

S3/9

UN number

-

UN/NA hazard class

4.2

3183

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175

Arachidonic acid methyl ester PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

UN packaging group

III

DOT class

not regulated

ICAO/IATA class, packaging group

UN 3183 SELF-HEATING LIQUID, TOXIC, N.O.S. (Methyl (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoate) 4.2, III

IMDG class, packaging group

UN 3183 SELF-HEATING LIQUID, TOXIC, N.O.S. (Methyl (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoate) 4.2, III

Autoignition temperature

o

C

363

Flash point

o

C

102

Route of entry

Inh, Skin, Eye, Ing

Ingestion

May be harmful if swallowed.

Skin irritation

May cause skin irritation and/or dermatitis

Eye irritation

Causes eye irritation.

Inhalation

Causes respiratory system irritation.

First aid: eyes

Immediately flush with water for at least 15 minutes. See a medical doctor immediately.

First aid: skin

Immediately remove all contaminated clothing, including footwear. Wash affected area with soap and water. Get medical attention.

First aid: inhalation

Remove from exposure and move to fresh air immediately. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. Get medical attention.

Target organs

Skin

Carcinogenicity IARC

N

Carcinogenicity NTP

N

Carcinogenicity OSHA

N

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

MP Biomedicals, LGC Standards GmbH, Sigma-Aldrich

Recommended for products

used for laboratory research only

Databook of Green Solvents, 2nd Edition/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

176

Butyl stearate PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Butyl stearate

CAS #

-

123-95-5

IUPAC name

butyl octadecanoate

Common name

n-butyl octodecanoate

Common synonym

stearic acid butyl ester

Empirical formula

-

C22H44O2

Formula

O O

Molecular mass

daltons

340.6

RTECS number

-

WI2900000

Chemical category

-

ester

Mixture

-

N

EC number

-

204-666-5

State

-

L

Odor

-

odorless

Color

-

colorless

Boiling point

o

C

343

Freezing point

o

C

27

Refractive index at 20oC

-

1.433

Specific gravity

-

0.86

Vapor density

air=1

11.4

Corrosivity

-

Molar volume

cm mol

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

N 3

-1

399.3

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

Viscosity temperature

o

Heat of combustion at 25oC

MJ kg-1

41.22

dD

14.5

dP

3.7

Hansen solubility parameters, (MPa)

Relative permittivity

1/2

C

9.7 25

dH

3.5

-

3.1

Flammability

1

Health

1

Reactivity

0

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

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177

Butyl stearate PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

HMIS classification

Flammability

1

Health

2

Reactivity

0

UN risk phrases, R

R36/35

UN safety phrases, S

S24/25,S37/39,S46

ICAO/IATA class, packaging group

not regulated

IMDG class, packaging group

not regulated

Autoignition temperature

o

C

Flash point

o

C

Flash point method

-

CC

Explosion limit, lower

wt%

0.3

Explosion limit, upper

wt%

2.3

Maximum concentration, any time, ACGIH

mg m-3

10

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg-1

32,000

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rabbit dermal LD50

mg kg

500

355 160

-1

Route of entry

Skin, Eye

Skin irritation

May cause skin irritation

Eye irritation

May cause eye irritation

Carcinogenicity IARC

N

Carcinogenicity NTP

N

Carcinogenicity OSHA

N

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Montreal protocol

-

N

Partition coefficient

logKow

9.7

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Cognis, Unichem Chem. Ltd., Alfa Aesar Gmbh

Recommended for products

textiles, cosmetics, coatings, inks, food, pharmaceuticals

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178

CanolaGold 110 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

CanolaGold 110

Common name

fatty acid methyl ester

Common synonym

methyl ester of canola oil

Molecular mass

daltons

Chemical category

-

fatty acid ester

Mixture

-

Y

-

L

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State Odor

-

faint fatty

Color

-

light yellow

Boiling point

o

C

337.8

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

Vapor pressure

kPa

Vapor pressure temperature

o

Evaporation rate

butyl acetate=1

0.002

Kauri butanol number

-

56

Hansen solubility parameters, (MPa)1/2

dD

7.9

dP

2.4

dH

2.9

Flammability

1

Health

0

Reactivity

0

C C

0.876 25 0.08 20

HEALTH & SAFETY HMIS classification

UN/NA hazard class

not regulated

DOT class

not regulated

Proper shipping name

fatty acid ester

Flash point

o

Flash point method

-

Ingestion

No significant adverse effects are expected upon ingestion of the product.

Skin irritation

Not classified as skin irritant or a corrosive material.

Eye irritation

Not classified as eye irritant.

Inhalation

Exposure via inhalation not likely.

C

148.9 PCMM

Databook of Green Solvents, 2nd Edition/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

179

CanolaGold 110 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

First aid: eyes

Flush eyes with cool water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation persists to get medical attention.

First aid: skin

Wash affected area with soap and water. If irritation persists get medical attention.

First aid: inhalation

If symptoms are experienced, remove source of contamination or move victim to fresh air. If symptoms persist get medical attention.

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Ag Processing Inc.

Outstanding properties

low VOC, high flash

Potential substitute for

d-limonene, naphtha, mineral spirits

Recommended for products

hand cleaner, cosolvent in graffiti removal, paint removal formulations, automotive products, metal cutting, adhesive removal, petroleum degreasing, cleaning, printing, mold release

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180

Estisol 170 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Estisol 170

CAS #

-

Common name

coconut oil acids, methyl esters

Chemical category

-

fatty acid ester

EC number

-

262-988-1

State

-

L

Boiling point

o

C

180-300

Pour point

o

C

-20

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

61788-59-8

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

C

0.873 20

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

Viscosity temperature

o

C

25

4

o

C

78

HEALTH & SAFETY Flash point

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

-

Esti Chem A/S

Potential substitute for

traditional hydrocarbon solvents

Recommended for products

industrial cleaners, degreasers, blanket & roller washes, oilfield chemicals, and printing inks

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181

Estisol 242 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Estisol 242

Common name

coconut oil acids, methyl esters

Chemical category

-

fatty acid ester

State

-

L

Boiling point

o

C

270-280

Pour point

o

C

-12

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Refractive index at 20 C o

-

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

Kauri butanol number

-

C

1.429 0.854 20 66

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

Viscosity temperature

o

C

25

3

Aniline point

o

C

-17

o

C

138

HEALTH & SAFETY Flash point

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Esti Chem A/S, Haltermann Products

Potential substitute for

traditional hydrocarbon solvents

Recommended for products

industrial cleaners, degreasers, blanket & roller washes, oilfield chemicals, and printing inks

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182

Estisol 295 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Estisol 295

Chemical category

-

fatty acid ester

State

-

L

Boiling point

o

C

300-360

Pour point

o

C

9

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

Kauri butanol number

-

66

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

7

Viscosity temperature

o

C

25

o

C

180

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

C

0.874 20

HEALTH & SAFETY Flash point

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

-

Esti Chem A/S

Potential substitute for

traditional hydrocarbon solvents

Recommended for products

industrial cleaners, degreasers, blanket & roller washes, oilfield chemicals, and printing inks

Databook of Green Solvents, 2nd Edition/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

183

Estisol 300 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Estisol 300

Chemical category

-

Product contents

fatty acid ester rapeseed derivative

fatty acid ester

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

Boiling point

o

C

320-355

Pour point

o

C

-9

Refractive index at 20oC

-

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

Kauri butanol number

-

C C

L

1.456 0.878 20 61 10

Aniline point

o

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

Viscosity temperature

o

C

25

o

C

180

6

HEALTH & SAFETY Flash point

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Esti Chem A/S, Haltermann Products

Potential substitute for

traditional hydrocarbon solvents

Recommended for products

industrial cleaners, degreasers, blanket & roller washes, oilfield chemicals, and printing inks

Databook of Green Solvents, 2nd Edition/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

184

Estisol 390 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Estisol 390

Chemical category

-

Product contents

fatty acid ester vegetable derivative

fatty acid ester

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

Boiling point

o

C

350

Pour point

o

C

-12

Refractive index at 20 C o

-

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

C

L

1.456 0.864 20

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

Viscosity temperature

o

14

C

25

o

C

190

HEALTH & SAFETY Flash point

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

-

Potential substitute for

traditional hydrocarbon solvents

Esti Chem A/S

Recommended for products

industrial cleaners, degreasers, blanket & roller washes, oilfield chemicals, and printing inks

Databook of Green Solvents, 2nd Edition/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

185

Methyl canolate PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Methyl canolate

CAS #

-

Common name

methyl 9-octadecenoate

Chemical category

-

fatty acid ester

Moisture content

wt%

0.1

Properties

mixed methyl esters

Product contents

C16-C18 fatty acid methyl ester >95%, glycerine 95%, methyl alcohol 1

Vapor pressure

kPa

1.333

Vapor pressure temperature

o

Evaporation rate

butyl acetate=1

1 -1

negligible

HEALTH & SAFETY HMIS classification

Flammability

1

Health

0

Reactivity

0

UN/NA hazard class

not regulated

DOT class

not regulated

Flash point

o

Flash point method

-

Ingestion

May cause gastrointestinal discomfort. Based on the available data not considered to be acutely toxic when swallowed

Skin irritation

Prolonged or repeated contact is not likely to cause significant skin irritation. Elevated temperatures may cause thermal burns.

Eye irritation

May cause irritation.

Inhalation

Exposure to vapors from overheated product may produce mild irritation.

C

179 OC

Databook of Green Solvents, 2nd Edition/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

208

Methyl tallowate PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

First aid: eyes

Immediately flush with water for at least 15 minutes. See a medical doctor immediately.

First aid: skin

Immediately remove all contaminated clothing, including footwear. Wash affected area with soap and water.

First aid: inhalation

Remove from exposure and move to fresh air immediately. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. Get medical attention.

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Chemical Associates, Imperial Western Products

Databook of Green Solvents, 2nd Edition/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

209

SoyClear 1500 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

SoyClear 1500

Common name

fatty acid methyl ester

Common synonym

methyl ester of soybean oil

Chemical category

-

fatty acid ester

Mixture

-

Y

State

-

L

Odor

-

faint fatty

Color

-

water white

Boiling point

o

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

C

334.4

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

Vapor pressure

kPa

Vapor pressure temperature

o

Evaporation rate

butyl acetate=1

0.106

Kauri butanol number

-

56

dD

7.9

dP

2.4

dH

2.9

Flammability

1

Health

0

Reactivity

0

Hansen solubility parameters, (MPa)

1/2

0.876

C

25 0.005

C

20

HEALTH & SAFETY HMIS classification

UN/NA hazard class

not regulated

DOT class

not regulated

Proper shipping name

fatty acid ester

Flash point

o

Flash point method

-

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg

C

182.2 PMCC -1

17,400

Route of entry Ingestion

No significant adverse effects are expected upon ingestion of the product.

Skin irritation

Not classified as skin irritant or a corrosive material.

Eye irritation

Not classified as eye irritant.

Inhalation

Exposure via inhalation not likely.

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210

SoyClear 1500 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

First aid: eyes

Flush eyes with cool water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation persists to get medical attention.

First aid: skin

Wash affected area with soap and water. If irritation persists get medical attention.

First aid: inhalation

If symptoms are experienced, remove source of contamination or move victim to fresh air. If symptoms persist get medical attention.

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Biodegradation probability

-

95% 28 days in soil

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Ag Processing Inc.

Outstanding properties

low VOC, high flash

Potential substitute for

d-limonene, naphtha, mineral spirits

Recommended for products

hand cleaner, cosolvent in graffiti removal, paint removal formulations, automotive products, metal cutting, adhesive removal, petroleum degreasing, cleaning, printing, mold release

Databook of Green Solvents, 2nd Edition/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

211

SoyGold 1000 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

SoyGold 1000

Common name

fatty acid methyl ester

Common synonym

methyl ester of soybean oil

Chemical category

-

fatty acid ester

Mixture

-

Y

State

-

L

Odor

-

faint fatty

Color

-

light yellow

Boiling point

o

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

C

334.4

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

Evaporation rate

butyl acetate=1

0.005

-

61

dD

7.9

dP

2.4

dH

2.9

Flammability

1

Health

1

Kauri butanol number Hansen solubility parameters, (MPa)

1/2

C

0.882 25

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

HMIS classification

UN/NA hazard class

Reactivity

0

Flammability

1

Health

0

Reactivity

0

not regulated

DOT class

not regulated

Proper shipping name

fatty acid ester

Flash point

o

Flash point method

-

PMCC

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg-1

17,400

Ingestion

No significant adverse effects are expected upon ingestion of the product.

Skin irritation

Not classified as skin irritant or a corrosive material.

Eye irritation

Not classified as eye irritant.

Inhalation

Exposure via inhalation not likely.

C

171

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212

SoyGold 1000 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

First aid: eyes

Flush eyes with cool water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation persists to get medical attention.

First aid: skin

Wash affected area with soap and water. If irritation persists get medical attention.

First aid: inhalation

If symptoms are experienced, remove source of contamination or move victim to fresh air. If symptoms persist get medical attention.

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Biodegradation probability

-

95% 28 days in soil

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Ag Processing Inc.

Outstanding properties

low VOC, high flash

Potential substitute for

d-limonene, naphtha, mineral spirits

Recommended for products

hand cleaner, cosolvent in graffiti removal, paint removal formulations, automotive products, metal cutting, adhesive removal, petroleum degreasing, cleaning, printing, mold release

Databook of Green Solvents, 2nd Edition/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

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SoyGold 1100 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

SoyGold 1100

Common name

fatty acid methyl ester

Common synonym

methyl ester of soybean oil

Chemical category

-

fatty acid ester

Mixture

-

Y

State

-

L

Odor

-

faint fatty

Color

-

light yellow

Boiling point

o

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

C

336.7

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

Vapor pressure

kPa

Vapor pressure temperature

o

Kauri butanol number

-

56

Hansen solubility parameters, (MPa)1/2

dD

7.9

dP

2.4

dH

2.9

Flammability

1

Health

1

Reactivity

0

Flammability

1

Health

0

Reactivity

0

C C

0.88 25 0.18662 20

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

HMIS classification

UN/NA hazard class

not regulated

DOT class

not regulated

Proper shipping name

fatty acid ester

Flash point

o

Flash point method

-

PMCC

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg-1

17,400

Ingestion

No significant adverse effects are expected upon ingestion of the product.

Skin irritation

Not classified as skin irritant or a corrosive material.

Eye irritation

Not classified as eye irritant.

Inhalation

Exposure via inhalation not likely.

C

171

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214

SoyGold 1100 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

First aid: eyes

Flush eyes with cool water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation persists to get medical attention.

First aid: skin

Wash affected area with soap and water. If irritation persists get medical attention.

First aid: inhalation

If symptoms are experienced, remove source of contamination or move victim to fresh air. If symptoms persist get medical attention.

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Biodegradation probability

-

95% 28 days in soil

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Ag Processing Inc.

Outstanding properties

low VOC, high flash

Potential substitute for

d-limonene, naphtha, mineral spirits

Recommended for products

hand cleaner, cosolvent in graffiti removal, paint removal formulations, automotive products, metal cutting, adhesive removal, petroleum degreasing, cleaning, printing, mold release

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SoyGold 1500 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

SoyGold 1500

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Odor

-

low

Color

-

water white

Boiling point

o

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

Evaporation rate

butyl acetate=1

0.005

Kauri butanol number

-

56

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

4.5

Viscosity temperature

o

C

25

Hansen solubility parameters, (MPa)1/2

dD

2.9

dP

2.4

dH

7.9

Flammability

1

Health

0

Reactivity

0

C

344 0.876

C

25

HEALTH & SAFETY HMIS classification

Flash point

o

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg

C

>149 -1

17,400

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Biodegradation probability

95% degraded in soil in 28 days

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

-

Outstanding properties

5.5% VOC

Potential substitute for

limonene

Recommended for products

chemical solvent

Processing methods

double distillation

Ag Processing

Databook of Green Solvents, 2nd Edition/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

216

SoyGold 2000 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

SoyGold 2000

Common name

fatty acid methyl ester

Common synonym

methyl ester of soybean oil

Chemical category

-

fatty acid ester

Mixture

-

Y

State

-

L

Odor

-

faint fatty

Color

-

light yellow

Boiling point

o

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

C

334.4

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

Vapor pressure

kPa

Vapor pressure temperature

o

Kauri butanol number

-

61

Flammability

1

Health

1

Reactivity

0

Flammability

1

Health

0

Reactivity

0

C C

0.882 25 0.005 20

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

HMIS classification

UN/NA hazard class

not regulated

DOT class

not regulated

Proper shipping name

fatty acid ester

Flash point

o

Flash point method

-

Ingestion

No significant adverse effects are expected upon ingestion of the product.

Skin irritation

May cause mild skin irritation.

Eye irritation

Direct eye contact may cause severe irritation

Inhalation

Exposure via inhalation not likely.

First aid: eyes

Flush eyes with cool water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation persists to get medical attention.

C

162.7 PMCC

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217

SoyGold 2000 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

First aid: skin

Wash affected area with soap and water. If irritation persists get medical attention.

First aid: inhalation

If symptoms are experienced, remove source of contamination or move victim to fresh air. If symptoms persist get medical attention.

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Biodegradation probability

-

95% 28 days in soil

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Ag Processing Inc.

Outstanding properties

low VOC, high flash

Potential substitute for

d-limonene, naphtha, mineral spirits

Recommended for products

hand cleaner, cosolvent in graffiti removal, paint removal formulations, automotive products, metal cutting, adhesive removal, petroleum degreasing, cleaning, printing, mold release

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218

SoyGold 2500 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

SoyGold 2500

Common name

fatty acid methyl ester

Common synonym

methyl ester of soybean oil

Chemical category

-

fatty acid ester

Mixture

-

Y

Product contents

C16-C18, C18 unsaturated ethoxylated methyl ester/surfactant blend

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Odor

-

faint fatty

Color

-

light yellow

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

Vapor pressure

kPa

Vapor pressure temperature

o

C C

0.93 25 0.005 20

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

HMIS classification

Flammability

1

Health

1

Reactivity

0

Flammability

1

Health

0

Reactivity

0

UN/NA hazard class

not regulated

DOT class

not regulated

Flash point

o

Flash point method

-

Ingestion

No significant adverse effects are expected upon ingestion of the product.

Skin irritation

May cause mild skin irritation.

Eye irritation

May cause eye irritation.

Inhalation

Exposure via inhalation not likely.

First aid: eyes

In case of contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. If easy to do, remove contact lenses, if worn. If irritation persist get medical attention.

C

190.5 PMCC

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219

SoyGold 2500 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

First aid: skin

In case of contact, immediately flush skin with plenty of water. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. If irritation persists get medical attention. Wash clothing before reuse.

First aid: inhalation

No need for first aid is anticipated not likely exposure route.

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Ag Processing Inc.

Outstanding properties

low VOC, high flash

Potential substitute for

d-limonene, naphtha, mineral spirits

Recommended for products

hand cleaner, cosolvent in graffiti removal, paint removal formulations, automotive products, metal cutting, adhesive removal, petroleum degreasing, cleaning, printing, mold release

Databook of Green Solvents, 2nd Edition/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

220

Stepan 108 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Stepan 108

CAS #

-

73398-61-5

Chemical category

-

fatty acid ester

Mixture

-

Y

Properties

caprylic/capric triglyceride

Product contents

triglycerides, mixed decanoate and octanoate 100%

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Odor

-

bland

Color

-

water white

Boiling point

o

C

375

Freezing point

o

C

-5

Refractive index at 20oC

-

1.447

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

Evaporation rate

ether=1

estimated slower than ethyl ether

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

23

Viscosity temperature

o

Surface tension at 20oC

mN m-1

30.0

Solubility in water at 20 C

mg kg

insoluble

o

0.945

C

25

C

25 -1

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

HMIS classification

Flammability

1

Health

1

Reactivity

0

Flammability

1

Health

1

Reactivity

0

UN/NA hazard class

not regulated

DOT class

not regulated

Flash point

o

Flash point method

-

PMCC

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg-1

5,000

C

260

Route of entry

Skin, Eye

Ingestion

No significant adverse effects are expected upon ingestion of the product.

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221

Stepan 108 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Skin irritation

Not expected to be a primary skin irritant. Prolonged or excessive skin contact with this product may cause mild skin irritation.

Eye irritation

Mildly irritating to eyes.

Inhalation

Exposure via inhalation not likely. Inhalation of vapors or mists of the product may be irritating to the respiratory system.

First aid: eyes

Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses. Get medical attention.

First aid: skin

Immediately take off all contaminated clothing. Flush skin with large amounts of water. Get medical attention if irritation develops or persists.

First aid: inhalation

Remove to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. Call a physician if symptoms develop or persist.

Carcinogenicity IARC

N

Carcinogenicity NTP

N

Carcinogenicity OSHA

N

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

-

Stepan Company

Recommended for products

used as either a solvent or cosolvent and a mold release agent, lubricant for fiber production/processing

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222

Stepan C-25 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Stepan C-25

CAS #

-

68937-83-7

Chemical category

-

fatty acid ester

EC number

-

Y

Moisture content

wt%

0.1

Properties

fatty acids, C6-10, methyl esters (alt CAS's 110-42-9 & 111-11-5)

Product contents

C8 methyl caprylate 60%, C10 methyl caprate 37%, C6 methyl caprylate 2%, other methyl esters 1%

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Color

-

clear

Boiling point

o

C

100

Freezing point

o

C

-37.0

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

Evaporation rate

ether=1

estimated slower than ethyl ether

pH

-

5-9

0.870

C

25

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

Viscosity temperature

o

Solubility in water at 20oC

mg kg-1

insoluble

Flammability

2

Health

2

C

2 25

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

HMIS classification

Reactivity

0

Flammability

2

Health

2

Reactivity

0

DOT class

not regulated

Proper shipping name

combustible liquid, n.o.s.

Flash point

o

Flash point method

-

C

78 PMCC

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg

-1

2,000

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rabbit dermal LD50

mg kg-1

2,000

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223

Stepan C-25 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Route of entry

Skin, Eye, Inh

Ingestion

Ingestion of large amounts may produce gastrointestinal disturbances including irritation, nausea, diarrhea.

Skin irritation

Irritating to skin.

Eye irritation

Causes eye irritation.

Inhalation

Inhalation of vapors or mists of the product may be irritating to the respiratory system.

First aid: eyes

Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses. Get medical attention.

First aid: skin

Immediately take off all contaminated clothing. Flush skin with large amounts of water. Get medical attention if irritation develops or persists.

First aid: inhalation

Remove to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. Call a physician if symptoms develop or persist.

Carcinogenicity IARC

N

Carcinogenicity NTP

N

Carcinogenicity OSHA

N

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Biodegradation probability

readily biodegradable

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

-

Stepan Company

Recommended for products

used as either solvents or cosolvents

Databook of Green Solvents, 2nd Edition/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

224

Stepan C-42 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Stepan C-42

CAS #

-

67762-40-7

Chemical category

-

fatty acid ester

EC number

-

Y

Moisture content

wt%

0.1

Properties

fatty acids, C12-14, methyl esters (alt CAS's 111-82-0 & 124-10-7)

Product contents

C12 methyl laurate 72%, C14 methyl myristate 26%, other methyl esters 2%

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Color

-

clear

Boiling point

o

C

274

Freezing point

o

C

-5

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

Vapor density

air=1

estimated heavier than air

Evaporation rate

ether=1

estimated slower than ethyl ether

C

0.865 25

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

Viscosity temperature

o

Solubility in water at 20oC

mg kg-1

insoluble

Flammability

1

Health

1

C

2 25

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

HMIS classification

UN number

Reactivity

0

Flammability

1

Health

1

Reactivity

0

-

3082

UN/NA hazard class

9

UN packaging group

III

DOT class

not regulated

ICAO/IATA class, packaging group

UN 3082 Environmentally Hazardous Substance, Liquid, N.O.S., (Methyl Dodecanoate), 9, III

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225

Stepan C-42 PARAMETER

UNIT

IMDG class, packaging group

UN 3082 Environmentally Hazardous Substance, Liquid, N.O.S., (Methyl Dodecanoate), 9, III

Proper shipping name

environmentally hazardous substance, liquid, n.o.s

Flash point

o

Flash point method

-

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg-1

5,000

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rabbit dermal LD50

mg kg

2,000

Route of entry

Skin, Eye, Inh

Ingestion

Ingestion of large amounts may produce gastrointestinal disturbances including irritation, nausea, diarrhea.

Skin irritation

May cause skin irritation.

Eye irritation

Causes eye irritation.

Inhalation

Inhalation of vapors or mists of the product may be irritating to the respiratory system.

First aid: eyes

Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses. Get medical attention.

First aid: skin

Immediately take off all contaminated clothing. Flush skin with large amounts of water. Get medical attention if irritation develops or persists.

First aid: inhalation

Remove to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. Call a physician if symptoms develop or persist.

C

VALUE

93 PMCC -1

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Aquatic toxicity, Daphnia magna, 48-h LC50 Aquatic toxicity, Rainbow trout, 96-h LC50

mg l-1

0.255

mg l-1

1

Biodegradation probability

readily biodegradable

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

-

Stepan Company

Recommended for products

used as either solvents or cosolvents

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226

Steposol C-25 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Steposol C-25

CAS #

-

Common name

methyl laurate/methyl myristate

Chemical category

-

fatty acid ester

Mixture

-

Y

Properties

base material coconut oil: methyl caprylate/caprate

Product contents

fatty acids, C6-12, methyl esters (alt cas's 110-42-9 & 111-11-5) >=90%

68937-83-7

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Color

-

clear, colorless

Boiling point

o

C

200

Freezing point

o

C

-49.3

Refractive index at 20 C

-

1.420

Evaporation rate

ether=1

estimated slower than ethyl ether

Kauri butanol number

-

112

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

2

Viscosity temperature

o

Surface tension at 20 C

mN m

Solubility in water at 20oC

mg kg-1

insoluble

Flammability

2

Health

2

Reactivity

0

Flammability

2

Health

2

Reactivity

0

o

o

C

25 -1

27.7

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

HMIS classification

C

Flash point

o

Flash point method

-

94 PMCC

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg

-1

2,000

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rabbit dermal LD50

mg kg-1

2,000

Route of entry

Skin, Eye, Inh

Ingestion

Ingestion of large amounts may produce gastrointestinal disturbances including irritation, nausea, diarrhea.

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Steposol C-25 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Skin irritation

Causes skin irritation.

Eye irritation

Causes eye irritation.

Inhalation

Inhalation of vapors or mists of the product may be irritating to the respiratory system.

First aid: eyes

Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. Get medical attention if irritation persists after washing.

First aid: skin

Flush with large amounts of water. Immediately take off all contaminated clothing. If irritation persists get medical attention.

First aid: inhalation

Remove to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. Call a physician if symptoms develop or persist.

Carcinogenicity IARC

N

Carcinogenicity NTP

N

Carcinogenicity OSHA

N

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Biodegradation probability

-

biodegradable

Manufacturer

-

Stepan Company

Recommended for products

oil field solvent, solvent replacements, solvents, all purpose cleaning, industrial cleaning

USE & PERFORMANCE

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228

Steposol C-42 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Steposol C-42

CAS #

-

67762-40-7

Chemical category

-

fatty acid ester

Mixture

-

Y

Moisture content

wt%

0.1

Properties

base material coconut oil: methyl laurate (cas 111-82-0), methyl myristate (cas 124-10-7)

Product contents

C12 (methyl laurate) 72%, C14 (methyl myristate) 26%, other methyl esters, 2%

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Color

-

clear, colorless

Boiling point

o

C

274

Freezing point

o

C

-5

Refractive index at 20oC

-

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

Kauri butanol number

-

C

1.43 0.865 25 112

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

Viscosity temperature

o

Surface tension at 20oC

mN m-1

29.4

Solubility in water at 20oC

mg kg-1

insoluble

Flammability

1

Health

1

Reactivity

0

Flammability

1

Health

1

Reactivity

0 3082

C

7 25

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

HMIS classification

UN number

-

UN/NA hazard class

9

UN packaging group

III

DOT class

not regulated

ICAO/IATA class, packaging group

UN 3082 Environmentally Hazardous Substance, Liquid, N.O.S., Methyl Dodecanoate, 9, III

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229

Steposol C-42 PARAMETER

UNIT

IMDG class, packaging group

UN 3082 Environmentally Hazardous Substance, Liquid, N.O.S., Methyl Dodecanoate, 9, III

Flash point

o

Flash point method

-

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg-1

5,000

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rabbit dermal LD50

mg kg

2,000

C

VALUE

93.9 PMCC -1

Route of entry

Eye, Skin, Inh

Ingestion

Ingestion of large amounts may produce gastrointestinal disturbances including irritation, nausea, diarrhea.

Skin irritation

May cause skin irritation.

Eye irritation

Causes eye irritation.

Inhalation

Inhalation of vapors or mists of the product may be irritating to the respiratory system.

First aid: eyes

Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. Get medical attention if irritation persists after washing.

First aid: skin

Flush with large amounts of water. Immediately take off all contaminated clothing. If irritation persists get medical attention.

First aid: inhalation

Remove to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. Call a physician if symptoms develop or persist.

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Aquatic toxicity Fathead minnow, 96-h LC50

mg l-1

1

Biodegradation probability

-

biodegradable

Manufacturer

-

Stepan Company

Recommended for products

used as either solvents or cosolvents

USE & PERFORMANCE

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230

Steposol C-48 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Steposol C-48

CAS #

-

61788-59-8

Chemical category

-

fatty acid ester

Mixture

-

Y

Moisture content

wt%

0.1

Properties

base material coconut oil: methyl laurate

Product contents

C6 (methyl caproate) 2%, C8 (methyl caproate) 60%, C10 (methyl caproate) 37%, other methyl esters, 1%

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Color

-

clear, colorless

Boiling point

o

C

276

Freezing point

o

C

-2

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

0.86

C

25

Refractive index at 20 C

-

1.437

Kauri butanol number

-

75

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

11

o

C

25

Viscosity temperature

o

Surface tension at 20oC

mN m-1

29.6

Solubility in water at 20 C

mg kg

insoluble

o

-1

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

Flammability

2

Health

2

Reactivity

0

C

94

Flash point

o

Flash point method

-

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg-1

2,000

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rabbit dermal LD50

mg kg

2,000

Route of entry

Eye, Skin, Inh

Ingestion

Ingestion of large amounts may produce gastrointestinal disturbances including irritation, nausea, diarrhea.

Skin irritation

Causes skin irritation.

Eye irritation

Causes eye irritation.

PMCC -1

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Steposol C-48 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Inhalation

Inhalation of vapors or mists of the product may be irritating to the respiratory system.

First aid: eyes

Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. Get medical attention if irritation persists after washing.

First aid: skin

Flush with large amounts of water. Immediately take off all contaminated clothing. If irritation persists get medical attention.

First aid: inhalation

Remove to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. Call a physician if symptoms develop or persist.

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Biodegradation probability

-

biodegradable

Manufacturer

-

Stepan Company

Recommended for products

used as either solvents or cosolvents

USE & PERFORMANCE

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232

Steposol ME PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Steposol ME

CAS #

-

67784-80-9

Chemical category

-

fatty acid ester

Mixture

-

Y

Moisture content

wt%

0.1

Properties

C16 (methyl palmitate) 11%, C18:0 (methyl stearate) 4%, C18:1 (methyl oleate) 21%, C18:2 (methyl linoleate) 56%, C18:3 (methyl linoleate) 8%

Product contents

methyl ester, soybean oil (alt cas 68919-53-9) >=90 %

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Odor

-

mild

Color

-

amber

Boiling point

o

C

315.6

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

Evaporation rate

ether=1

estimated slower than ethyl ether

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

12

Viscosity temperature

o

Solubility in water at 20 C o

0.88

C

25

C

mg kg

25 -1

insoluble

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

HMIS classification

Flammability

1

Health

1

Reactivity

0

Flammability

1

Health

1

Reactivity

0

UN/NA hazard class

not regulated

DOT class

not regulated

Flash point

o

Flash point method

-

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg-1

5,000

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rabbit dermal LD50

mg kg

2,000

C

93.9 PMCC -1

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233

Steposol ME PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Route of entry

Eye, Skin, Inh

Ingestion

Ingestion of large amounts may produce gastrointestinal disturbances including irritation, nausea, diarrhea.

Skin irritation

May cause skin irritation.

Eye irritation

May cause slight irritation to the eyes.

Inhalation

Inhalation of vapors or mists of the product may be irritating to the respiratory system.

First aid: eyes

Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. Get medical attention if irritation persists after washing.

First aid: skin

Flush with large amounts of water. Immediately take off all contaminated clothing. If irritation persists get medical attention.

First aid: inhalation

Remove to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. Call a physician if symptoms develop or persist.

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

-

Stepan Company

Recommended for products

used as either solvent or cosolvent

Databook of Green Solvents, 2nd Edition/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

234

Steposol ROE-W PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Steposol ROE-W

CAS #

-

Common name

canola oil methyl ester

Chemical category

-

fatty acid ester

Mixture

-

Y

Moisture content

wt%

0.1

Properties

base material: canola oil

Product contents

fatty acids, C16-18, C18-unsatd., methyl esters >=90%, methanol 0.1-15

67762-38-3

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Odor

-

mild

Color

-

clear, yellow

Boiling point

o

C

Freezing point

o

C

Refractive index at 20oC

-

361 -24.5 1.456

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

Vapor density

air=1

estimated heavier than air

Evaporation rate

ether=1

estimated slower than ethyl ether

Kauri butanol number

-

55

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

10

Viscosity temperature

o

Surface tension at 20 C

mN m

Solubility in water at 20oC

mg kg-1

insoluble

Flammability

1

Health

1

Reactivity

0

Flammability

1

Health

1

Reactivity

0

o

0.88

C

25

C

25 -1

31.4

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

HMIS classification

UN/NA hazard class

not regulated

Flash point

o

Flash point method

-

C

93.9 PMCC

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235

Steposol ROE-W PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg-1

5,000

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rabbit dermal LD50

mg kg-1

2,000

Route of entry

Eye, Skin, Inh

Ingestion

Ingestion of large amounts may produce gastrointestinal disturbances including irritation, nausea, diarrhea.

Skin irritation

May cause slight skin irritation.

Eye irritation

May cause slight irritation to the eyes.

Inhalation

Inhalation of vapors or mists of the product may be irritating to the respiratory system.

First aid: eyes

Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. Get medical attention if irritation persists after washing.

First aid: skin

Flush with large amounts of water. Immediately take off all contaminated clothing. If irritation persists get medical attention.

First aid: inhalation

Remove to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. Call a physician if symptoms develop or persist.

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Aquatic toxicity, Rainbow trout, 96-h LC50

mg l-1

100

Biodegradation probability

-

63.6% 28 days

Manufacturer

-

Stepan Company

Recommended for products

biodegradable solvent that can be used in a variety of household and institutional application

USE & PERFORMANCE

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236

Steposol SB-D PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Steposol SB-D

CAS #

-

Common name

canola oil methyl ester

Chemical category

-

fatty acid ester

Mixture

-

Y

Moisture content

wt%

0.1

Properties

base material: canola oil

Product contents

methyl ester, soybean oil >99%

67784-80-9

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Odor

-

mild

Color

-

clear, light yellow

Boiling point

o

C

341

Freezing point

o

C

-7.7

Refractive index at 20 C

-

1.4580

Specific gravity

-

0.877

Specific gravity temperature

o

Vapor pressure

kPa

Vapor pressure temperature

o

Kauri butanol number

-

59

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

15

Viscosity temperature

o

Surface tension at 20 C

mN m

Solubility in water at 20oC

mg kg-1

insoluble

Flammability

1

Health

1

Reactivity

0

Flammability

1

Health

1

Reactivity

0

o

o

C

25 0.0067

C

20

C

25 -1

31.5

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

HMIS classification

UN/NA hazard class

not regulated

Flash point

o

Flash point method

-

PMCC

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg-1

5,000

Route of entry

Eye, Skin, Inh

C

93.9

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237

Steposol SB-D PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Ingestion

Ingestion of large amounts may produce gastrointestinal disturbances including irritation, nausea, diarrhea.

Skin irritation

May cause slight skin irritation.

Eye irritation

May cause slight eye irritation.

Inhalation

Inhalation of vapors or mists of the product may be irritating to the respiratory system.

First aid: eyes

Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. Get medical attention if irritation persists after washing.

First aid: skin

Flush with large amounts of water. Immediately take off all contaminated clothing. If irritation persists get medical attention.

First aid: inhalation

Remove to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. Call a physician if symptoms develop or persist.

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Biodegradation probability

-

biodegradable

Manufacturer

-

Stepan Company

Potential substitute for

replacement for solvents such as naphtha, d-limonene, kerosene, mineral spirits

Recommended for products

lacquer thinners, hood/grill cleaner, ink remover

USE & PERFORMANCE

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238

Steposol SB-W PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Steposol SB-W

CAS #

-

Common name

canola oil methyl ester

Chemical category

-

fatty acid ester

Mixture

-

Y

Moisture content

wt%

0.1

Properties

base material soybean oil: methyl ester (alt cas 68919-53-9)

Product contents

methyl ester, soybean oil >=90%

67784-80-9

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Odor

-

mild

Color

-

clear, amber

Boiling point

o

C

Freezing point

o

C

Refractive index at 20oC

-

352 -5.7 1.457

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

0.877

Vapor pressure

kPa

Vapor pressure temperature

o

Kauri butanol number

-

38

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

7

C

25 0.4158

C

20

C

25

Viscosity temperature

o

Surface tension at 20oC

mN m-1

31.5

Solubility in water at 20 C

mg kg

insoluble

o

-1

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

HMIS classification

Flammability

1

Health

1

Reactivity

0

Flammability

1

Health

1

Reactivity

0

C

93.9

Flash point

o

Flash point method

-

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg

Route of entry

Eye, Skin, Inh

PMCC -1

5,000

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239

Steposol SB-W PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Ingestion

Ingestion of large amounts may produce gastrointestinal disturbances including irritation, nausea, diarrhea.

Skin irritation

May cause slight skin irritation.

Eye irritation

May cause slight eye irritation.

Inhalation

Inhalation of vapors or mists of the product may be irritating to the respiratory system.

First aid: eyes

Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. Get medical attention if irritation persists after washing.

First aid: skin

Flush with large amounts of water. Immediately take off all contaminated clothing. If irritation persists get medical attention.

First aid: inhalation

Remove to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. Call a physician if symptoms develop or persist.

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Biodegradation probability

-

biodegradable

Manufacturer

-

Stepan Company

Potential substitute for

many solvents such as naphtha and mineral spirits

Recommended for products

extender or co-solvent, metal cleaning, adhesives removal, ink and paint removal, lacquer thinner

USE & PERFORMANCE

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240

Steposol SC PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Steposol SC

CAS #

67784-80-9, 97-64-3

Chemical category

-

fatty acid ester

Mixture

-

Y

Product contents

ethyl lactate 40-70%, methyl ester, soybean oil 40-70%

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Odor

-

pungent

Color

-

yellow

Boiling point

o

C

Freezing point

o

C

Refractive index at 20oC

-

1.435

Specific gravity

-

0.946

Specific gravity temperature

o

Evaporation rate

ether=1

0.2

Kauri butanol number

-

318

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

10

Viscosity temperature

o

Surface tension at 20 C

mN m

Solubility in water at 20oC

mg kg-1

insoluble

Flammability

2

Health

1

Reactivity

0

Flammability

2

Health

1

Reactivity

0

o

163 -15.1

C

25

C

25 -1

30.1

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

HMIS classification

C

69

Flash point

o

Flash point method

-

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg-1

5,000

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rabbit dermal LD50

mg kg

2,000

Route of entry

Eye, Skin, Inh

Ingestion

Ingestion of large amounts may produce gastrointestinal disturbances including irritation, nausea, diarrhea.

PMCC -1

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Steposol SC PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Skin irritation

May cause slight skin irritation.

Eye irritation

May cause slight irritation to the eyes.

Inhalation

Inhalation of vapors or mists of the product may be irritating to the respiratory system.

First aid: eyes

Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. Get medical attention if irritation persists after washing.

First aid: skin

Flush with large amounts of water. Immediately take off all contaminated clothing. If irritation persists get medical attention.

First aid: inhalation

Remove to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. Call a physician if symptoms develop or persist.

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Biodegradation probability

-

biodegradable

Manufacturer

-

Stepan Company

Recommended for products

extender or co-solvent for traditional solvents such as NMP and d-limonene, cleaners, industrial paint stripper, graffiti removal, adhesive cleaner for PVC sheets

Features & benefits

excellent solvency

USE & PERFORMANCE

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VertecBioGold PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

VertecBioGold

CAS #

97-64-3, 67784-80-9 or 67762-38-3

Common name

ethyl lactate/methyl soyate

Common synonym

ethyl hydroxy propionate/fatty acid methyl esters

Chemical category

-

fatty acid ester

Mixture

-

Y

Product contents

blend of VertecBio EL and ester of natural soybean oil

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Odor

-

distinctive

Color

-

light yellow

Boiling point

o

C

144.4

Specific gravity

-

0.946

Vapor density

air=1

4.1

Vapor pressure

kPa

0.13

Vapor pressure temperature

o

Evaporation rate

butyl acetate=1

0.12

pH

-

4.6

Flammability

2

Health

1

C

20

HEALTH & SAFETY HMIS classification

Reactivity

0

UN number

-

1993

UN/NA hazard class

not regulated

DOT class

not regulated

Flash point

o

Flash point method

-

CC

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg-1

4,090

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat inhalation, LC50

ppm

5,400/4H

Ingestion

May cause irritation of the digestive tract.

Skin irritation

Not an irritant.

Eye irritation

Irritant to eye.

C

65.6

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VertecBioGold PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Inhalation

May cause irritation of mucous membranes.

Chronic effects

May cause irritation of mucous membranes.

Carcinogenicity IARC

N

Carcinogenicity NTP

N

Carcinogenicity OSHA

N

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Biodegradation probability

100% biodegradable

Ozone depletion potential

CFC11=1

not ozone depleting

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Vertec Biosolvents, Inc.

Potential substitute for

halogenated hydrocarbons

Recommended for products

graffiti and paint removal, heavy asphalt cleaners, degreasers

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3.6 Generally Recognized as Safe Acetic acid PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Acetic acid

CAS #

-

Common name

acetic acid

Common synonyms

ethanoic acid, ethylic acid, methanecarboxylic acid

Empirical formula

-

64-19-7

C2H4O2

Formula

O H3C

OH

Molecular mass

daltons

60.06

RTECS number

-

AF1225000

Chemical category

-

acid

Mixture

-

N

EC number

-

200-580-7

State

-

L

Odor

-

vinegar-like

Odor threshold

ppm

0.48

Color

-

colorless

Boiling point

o

C

Freezing point

o

C

Refractive index at 20oC

-

1.366-1.377

Specific gravity

-

1.044

Specific gravity temperature

o

Vapor density

air=1

2.10

Vapor pressure

kPa

2.093

Vapor pressure temperature

o

C

25.0

Evaporation rate

butyl acetate=1

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

118 16.66

C

Enthalpy of vaporization

kJ mol

Enthalpy of vaporization temperature

K

Acceptor number

-

25

1.34 23.70

-1

391.1 52.9

Donor number

kcal mol

-1

20.0

Polarity parameter, ET(30)

kcal mol-1

55.2

Acid dissociation constant

-

4.76

Corrosivity

-

Y

Molar volume

cm3 mol-1

57.6

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3.6 Generally Recognized as Safe Acetic acid PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Coefficients of Antoine equation

coefficient A

4.68206

coefficient B

1642.54

coefficient C

-39.764

Temperature range of Antoine equation

K

290.3 to 391.0

pH

-

2.4 to 3.4

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

Viscosity temperature

o

Surface tension at 20oC

mN m-1

27.42

Solubility in water at 20 C

mg kg

infinite

Heat of combustion at 25oC

MJ kg-1

Specific heat at 25 C

kJ K mol

Coefficient of thermal expansion

10

Hildebrand solubility parameter

(MPa)1/2

20.66

dD

14.5

dP

8.0

o

o

Hansen solubility parameters, (MPa)

25 -1

-1

1/2

1.13

C

-4 o

15.50 123.09

-1

C (K ) -1

-1

dH

9.90

13.5

Henry’s law constant

atm/m -mol

Relative permittivity

-

6.17

Flammability

2

Health

3

Reactivity

0

Flammability

2

Health

3

Reactivity

0

3

-1

4.42E-05

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

HMIS classification

UN risk phrases, R

R34;R42;R35;R10;R36/38

US safety phrases, S

S26,36/37/39; 45;23; 24/25

UN number

-

Autoignition temperature

o

C

463

Flash point

o

C

40

Flash point method

-

CC

Explosion limit, lower

wt%

5.4

Explosion limit, upper

wt%

2789/2790

16.0

Threshold limiting value – TWA 8h, ACGIH

mg m

25

Threshold limiting value – TWA 8h, ACGIH

ppm

10

Threshold limiting value – TWA 8h, NIOSH

mg m-3

25

Threshold limiting value – TWA 8h, NIOSH

ppm

10

-3

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3.6 Generally Recognized as Safe Acetic acid PARAMETER

UNIT

Threshold limiting value – TWA 8h, OSHA

mg m-3

25

Threshold limiting value – TWA 8h, OSHA

ppm

10

Maximum exposure concentration NIOSH-IDLH

mg m-3

123

Maximum exposure concentration NIOSH-IDLH

ppm

50

Maximum concentration, any time, NIOSH

mg m-3

25

Maximum concentration, any time, NIOSH

ppm

10

Maximum concentration, any time, OSHA

mg m-3

25

Maximum concentration, any time, OSHA

ppm

10

Maximum concentration, 15 min., ACGIH

mg m

Maximum concentration, 15 min., ACGIH

ppm

15

Maximum concentration, 15 min., NIOSH

mg m-3

37

Maximum concentration, 15 min., NIOSH

ppm

15

Maximum concentration, 15 min., OSHA

mg m-3

24.6

Maximum concentration, 15 min., OSHA

ppm

10

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rabbit dermal LD50

mg kg-1

500 24H Mild

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat inhalation, LC50

mg m-3

16,000 4H

-3

-1

VALUE

37

6,750

Route of entry

Skin, Eye, Inh

Ingestion

May be harmful if swallowed

Skin irritation

Causes skin burns

Eye irritation

Causes eye burns. Causes severe eye burns

Inhalation

May be harmful if inhaled, extremely destructive to the tissue of membranes and upper respiratory tract.

First aid: eyes First aid: skin

Immediately flush skin with soap and plenty of water

First aid: inhalation

Remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration

Target organs

RspSys,Skin,Eye,Teeth

Carcinogenicity IARC

N

Carcinogenicity NTP

N

Carcinogenicity OSHA

N

Mutagenic properties

N

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Biological oxygen demand, BOD: 5-days test

g g-1

0.65

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3.6 Generally Recognized as Safe Acetic acid PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Biodegradation probability

-

days

Chemical oxygen demand

g g-1

Theoretical oxygen demand

gg

Bioconcentration factor

-

-0.4

Hydroxyl rate constant

cm3 molecule-1 s-1

7.40E-13

-1

Montreal protocol

1.09 1.07

N

Partition coefficient

logKow

-0.17

Urban ozone formation potential

C2H4=1

0.02

Soil absorption constant

-

0.01

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Adipic acid PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Adipic acid

CAS #

-

Common name

hexanedioic acid

Common synonym

1,4-butanedicarboxylic acid

Acronym

-

ADIPA

Empirical formula

-

C6H10O4

Formula

124-04-9

HOC(CH2)4COH O

O Molecular mass

daltons

146.14

RTECS number

-

AU8400000

Chemical category

-

GRAS

Mixture

-

N

EC number

-

204-673-3

Product contents

adipic acid >98 wt%

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

S

Odor

-

odorless

Color

-

white

Boiling point

o

C

337.7

Freezing point

o

C

151

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

Vapor density

air=1

5.04

Vapor pressure

kPa

0.0097

Vapor pressure temperature

o

C

C

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

Viscosity temperature

o

C

1.36 25

18.5 4.54 160

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

Flammability

1

Health

1

Reactivity

0

UN risk phrases, R

R36

DOT class

not regulated

Autoignition temperature

o

C

420

Flash point

o

C

196

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Adipic acid PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE CC

Flash point method

-

Explosion limit, lower

wt%

0.035 (dust) 5

Threshold limiting value – TWA 8h, ACGIH

mg m

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg-1

3,600

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Mouse oral LD50

mg kg

-1

1,900

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rabbit dermal LD50

mg kg

-1

7,940

Route of entry

Inh, Eye, Skin

Skin irritation

Dust /solid causes skin irritation. may accentuate any pre-existing dermatitis condition.

Eye irritation

Dust /solid causes eye irritation. Moderate inflammation may be expected with redness; conjunctivitis may occur with prolonged exposure

Inhalation

Dust /solid causes throat irritation.

First aid: eyes

Flush with large amounts of water. Remove contact lenses if easy to do. Continue rinsing. If signs/symptoms persist, get medical attention

First aid: skin

Wash with soap and water. If signs/ symptoms develop, get medical attention.

First aid: inhalation

Remove person to fresh air. If you feel unwell, get medical attention. If victim's breathing is difficult, admInister oxygen.

Carcinogenicity IARC

N

Carcinogenicity NTP

N

Carcinogenicity OSHA

N

Mutagenic properties

N

-3

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Aquatic toxicity, Bluegill sunfish, 96-h LC50

mg l-1

330/24H

Aquatic toxicity, Daphnia magna, 48-h LC50

mg l

-1

86

Aquatic toxicity Fathead minnow, 96-h LC50

mg l

-1

97

Partition coefficient

logKow

0.08

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Adipic acid PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Recommended for products

pharmaceuticals, perfume fixative, tanning agent for pre-treatment of leather, in the production of detergents and cleaning agents also important intermediated for plasticizers, polyesters, and polyurethanes, most important field of application of adipic acid is the manufacture of polyamide 66

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Caprylic acid PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Caprylic acid

CAS #

-

124-07-2

IUPAC name

octanoic acid

Common name

octanoic acid

Common synonym

enantic acid

Empirical formula

-

C8H16O2

Formula

O

H

O Molecular mass

daltons

144.214

Mixture

-

N

EC number

-

204-677-5

State

-

L

Odor

-

faint, fruity

Odor threshold

ppm

0.0008

Color

colorless to light yellow

Boiling point

o

C

237-239

Freezing point

o

C

16.5

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Refractive index at 20 C o

-

1.4285

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

Acid dissociation constant

-

4.89

Corrosivity

-

Y

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

5.74

Surface tension at 20 C

mN m

23.7

Solubility in water at 30 C

mg kg

Heat of combustion at 25oC

MJ kg-1

47.9 3265

o

o

0.91

C

20

-1 -1

789

HEALTH & SAFETY UN number

-

Flash point

o

Flash point method

-

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rabbit dermal LD50

mg kg-1

C

130 OC -1

1,410-14,700 >5,000

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Caprylic acid PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Bioconcentration factor

-

3

Montreal protocol

-

N

Partition coefficient

logKow

3.05

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

USE & PERFORMANCE Recommended for products

adhesives, sealants, processing aids, viscosity adjustors, agriculture

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Ethyl formate PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Ethyl formate

CAS #

-

109-94-4

IUPAC name

ethyl formate

Common name

ethyl ester of formic acid

Empirical formula

-

C3H6O2

Formula

CH3CHOCH O

Molecular mass

daltons

74.1

RTECS number

-

LQ8400000

Chemical category

-

GRAS

Mixture

-

N

EC number

-

203-721-0

Product contents

ethyl formate >98 wt%

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Odor

-

characteristic

Color

-

colorless

Boiling point

o

C

54.3

Freezing point

o

C

-80

Refractive index at 20 C

-

1.360

Specific gravity

-

0.92

Specific gravity temperature

o

Vapor density

air=1

2.55

Vapor pressure

kPa

25.6

Vapor pressure temperature

o

Evaporation rate

butyl acetate=1

6.93

Enthalpy of vaporization

kJ mol-1

29.91

Enthalpy of vaporization temperature

K

327.5

Polarity parameter, ET(30)

kcal mol-1

40.9

Molar volume

cm mol

80.9

Coefficients of Antoine equation

coefficient A

7.00375

coefficient B

1121.33

coefficient C

217.96

o

C

20

C

20

3

-1

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

Viscosity temperature

o

C

0.412 20

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Ethyl formate PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Surface tension at 20oC

mN m-1

24.0

Solubility in water at 20 C

mg kg-1

105,000

Heat of combustion at 25 C

MJ kg

Coefficient of thermal expansion

10-4 oC-1 (K-1)

14.1

Hildebrand solubility parameter

(MPa)1/2

20.52

dD

15.5

dP

8.4

o

o

Hansen solubility parameters, (MPa)

1/2

21.74

-1

dH

8.4

Henry’s law constant

atm/m -mol

Relative permittivity

-

7.1

Flammability

3

Health

2

Reactivity

0

3

-1

2.20E-04

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

UN risk phrases, R

R11,R20/22,R36/37

US safety phrases, S

S9,S16,S24,S26,S33

UN number

-

1190

UN/NA hazard class

3

UN packaging group

II

DOT class

3, II

ICAO/IATA class, packaging group

UN 1190 ETHYL FORMATE, 3, II

IMDG class, packaging group

UN 1190 ETHYL FORMATE, 3, II

Proper shipping name

ethyl formate

Autoignition temperature

o

C

455

Flash point

o

C

-20

Flash point method

-

CC

Explosion limit, lower

wt%

2.7

Explosion limit, upper

wt%

16.5

Threshold limiting value – TWA 8h, ACGIH

mg m

303

Threshold limiting value – TWA 8h, ACGIH

ppm

100

Threshold limiting value – TWA 8h, NIOSH

mg m-3

300

Threshold limiting value – TWA 8h, NIOSH

ppm

100

Threshold limiting value – TWA 8h, OSHA

mg m-3

300

-3

Threshold limiting value – TWA 8h, OSHA

ppm

100

Maximum exposure concentration NIOSH-IDLH

ppm

1,500

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg-1

1,850

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Ethyl formate PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rabbit dermal LD50

mg kg-1

20,000

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat inhalation, LC50

ppm

8,000/4H

Route of entry

Ing, Inh, Skin, Subcutaneous

Ingestion

Harmful if swallowed. May cause irritation of the digestive tract.

Skin irritation

Causes skin irritation.

Eye irritation

Causes eye irritation.

Inhalation

Harmful if inhaled. Causes respiratory tract irritation

First aid: eyes

Flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid.

First aid: skin

Flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes.

First aid: inhalation

Remove from exposure and move to fresh air immediately. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical attention.

Chronic effects

Causes blood effects.

Target organs

Kdny, CNS, Blood

Carcinogenicity IARC

N

Carcinogenicity NTP

N

Carcinogenicity OSHA

N

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Montreal protocol

-

N

Partition coefficient

logKow

0.23

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Formic acid PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Formic acid

CAS #

-

64-18-6

IUPAC name

azane; formic acid

Common name

methanoic acid

Common synonyms

aminic acid, formylic acid

Empirical formula

-

CH2O2

Formula

HCOOH

Molecular mass

daltons

46.03

RTECS number

-

LQ4900000

Chemical category

-

GRAS

Mixture

-

N

EC number

-

200-579-1

State

-

L

Odor

-

pungent

Odor threshold

ppm

49.0

Color

-

colorless

Boiling point

o

C

Freezing point

o

C

Refractive index at 20oC

-

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

100.6 4.00 1.369

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

1.214

Vapor density

air=1

1.6

Vapor pressure

kPa

5.68

Vapor pressure temperature

o

C

25.0

Evaporation rate

butyl acetate=1

C

25

Enthalpy of vaporization

kJ mol

Enthalpy of vaporization temperature

K

Acceptor number

-

1.14 20.08

-1

298.2 83.6

Donor number

kcal mol

-1

19.0

Polarity parameter, ET(30)

kcal mol-1

57.7

Acid dissociation constant

-

3.75

Corrosivity

-

Molar volume

cm mol

Y 3

-1

7.9

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Formic acid PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Coefficients of Antoine equation

coefficient A

2.00121

coefficient B

515

coefficient C

-139.408

Temperature range of Antoine equation

K

273.6 to 307.3

pH

-

2.3

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

Viscosity temperature

o

Surface tension at 20oC

mN m-1

37.58

Solubility in water at 20 C

mg kg

infinite

Heat of combustion at 25oC

MJ kg-1

Specific heat at 25 C

kJ K mol

o

o

C

1.966 25

-1

6.02

-1

-1

99.04

Thermal conductivity at 25 C

Wm K

0.269

Coefficient of thermal expansion

10-4 oC-1 (K-1)

10.01

Hildebrand solubility parameter

(MPa)1/2

24.75

dD

14.6

dP

10.0

o

Hansen solubility parameters, (MPa)

-1

1/2

-1

dH

14.0

Henry’s law constant

atm/m3-mol-1

1.67E-07

Relative permittivity

-

58.0

Flammability

2

Health

3

Reactivity

0

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

UN risk phrases, R

R10,R35

US safety phrases, S

S1/2,S23,S26,S45

UN number

-

UN/NA hazard class

8

UN packaging group

II

1779

DOT class

8, II

ICAO/IATA class, packaging group

UN 1779 FORMIC ACID, 8, II

IMDG class, packaging group

UN 1779 FORMIC ACID, 8, II

Proper shipping name

formic acid

Autoignition temperature

o

C

Flash point

o

C

Explosion limit, lower

wt%

Explosion limit, upper

wt%

Threshold limiting value – TWA 8h, ACGIH

mg m

480 48 12.0 38.0 -3

9.4

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Formic acid PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Threshold limiting value – TWA 8h, ACGIH

ppm

5

Threshold limiting value – TWA 8h, NIOSH

mg m-3

9

Threshold limiting value – TWA 8h, NIOSH

ppm

5

Threshold limiting value – TWA 8h, OSHA

mg m-3

9

Threshold limiting value – TWA 8h, OSHA

ppm

5

Maximum exposure concentration NIOSH-IDLH

mg m

Maximum exposure concentration NIOSH-IDLH

ppm

30

Maximum concentration, 15 min., ACGIH

mg m-3

19

Maximum concentration, 15 min., ACGIH

ppm

10

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg-1

730

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat inhalation, LC50

ppm

7,968/15M

Route of entry

Inh, Ing, Con

Skin irritation

Highly corrosive! Causes severe skin burns

Eye irritation

Highly corrosive! Causes severe eye damage

Target organs

RspSys,Skin,Kdny,Lvr,Eye

Carcinogenicity IARC

N

Carcinogenicity NTP

N

Carcinogenicity OSHA

N

Mutagenic properties

Y

-3

57

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Biological oxygen demand, 5 days

g g-1

0.20

Biological oxygen demand, 20 days

g g-1

0.25

Chemical oxygen demand

gg

-1

0.35

Theoretical oxygen demand

gg

-1

Bioconcentration factor

-

-0.60

Biodegradation probability

-

days

Hydroxyl rate constant

cm3 molecule-1 s-1

4.50E-13

Montreal protocol

-

N

0.35

Partition coefficient

logKow

-0.54

Urban ozone formation potential

C2H4=1

0.0

Soil absorption constant

-

-0.4

UV absorption

nm

205

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Formic acid PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

BASF AG, Mallinckrodt Baker Inc/ Avantor Performance Materials

Recommended for products

coatings industry, formic acid is also used in cleaning agents, bleaching agent and tanning agent

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Glycerol PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Glycerol

CAS #

-

56-81-5

IUPAC name

propane-1,2,3-triol

Empirical formula

-

C3H8O3

Formula

HOCH2CHCH2OH OH

Molecular mass

daltons

92.09

RTECS number

-

MA8050000

Chemical category

-

GRAS

Mixture

-

N

EC number

-

200-289-5

State

-

L

Odor

-

odorless

Color

-

colorless

Boiling point

o

C

171

Freezing point

o

C

18.2

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Refractive index at 20 C

-

1.473

Specific gravity

-

1.26

Specific gravity temperature

o

Vapor density

air=1

1.0

Vapor pressure

kPa

0.0001

Vapor pressure temperature

o

Acceptor number

-

Donor number

kcal mol-1

Polarity parameter, ET(30)

kcal mol

Acid dissociation constant

-

Corrosivity

-

Molar volume

cm mol

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

Viscosity temperature

o

Solubility in water at 20oC

mg kg-1

Heat of combustion at 25 C

MJ kg

Coefficient of thermal expansion

10

Hildebrand solubility parameter

(MPa)1/2

o

C

20

C

40 46.6 57.0 14.1 N 3

o

19.0

-1

73.4

-1

945

C

25

-4 o

miscible 18.21

-1

C (K ) -1

-1

4.64 33.10

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261

Glycerol PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Hansen solubility parameters, (MPa)1/2

dD

17.4

dP

11.3

Relative permittivity

dH

27.2

-

42.50

Flammability

1

Health

1

Reactivity

0

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

UN/NA hazard class

not regulated

DOT class

not regulated

Autoignition temperature

o

C

Flash point

o

C

Flash point method

-

OC

Explosion limit, lower

wt%

0.9

Explosion limit, upper

wt%

19.0

Threshold limiting value – TWA 8h, ACGIH

mg m-3

10

Threshold limiting value – TWA 8h, OSHA

mg m-3

20

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg

12,600

Route of entry

Subcutaneous

Carcinogenicity IARC

N

Carcinogenicity NTP

N

Carcinogenicity OSHA

N

400 177

-1

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Biological oxygen demand, 5 days

g g-1

0.82

Biological oxygen demand, 20 days

g g-1

0.94

Chemical oxygen demand

gg

-1

1.16

Theoretical oxygen demand

gg

-1

Montreal protocol

-

N

Partition coefficient

logKow

-1.76

1.22

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Dow, Merck Schuchardt OHG, Chemische Werke Hommel GmbH & Co. KG

Databook of Green Solvents, 2nd Edition/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

262

Lactic acid PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Lactic acid

CAS #

-

50-21-5

IUPAC name

2-hydroxypropanoic acid

Common name

2-hydroxypropanoic acid

Empirical formula

-

C3H6O3

Formula

CH3CHCOOH OH

Molecular mass

daltons

90.08

RTECS number

-

OD2800000

Chemical category

-

GRAS

Mixture

-

N

EC number

-

200-018-0

Product contents

lactic acid > 85%; water 96 wt%

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Color

-

colorless

Boiling point

o

C

Freezing point

o

C

Refractive index at 20oC

-

1.251

Specific gravity

-

1.69

Vapor pressure

kPa

29.2

Vapor pressure temperature

o

Molar volume

cm mol

60 -88

C

25 3

-1

201.2

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

Viscosity temperature

o

Hildebrand solubility parameter

(MPa)1/2

11.88

Hansen solubility parameters, (MPa)1/2

dD

12.1

dP

0.0

Henry’s law constant

C

0.66 25

dH

0.0

atm/m3-mol-1

1.84E+04

Flammability

0

Health

2

Reactivity

0

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

Databook of Green Solvents, 2nd Edition/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

492

Perfluorohexane PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

HMIS classification

Flammability

0

Health

2

Reactivity

0

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg-1

5,000

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat inhalation, LC50

ppm

40,000/6H

Route of entry

Inh, Eye, Ing

Ingestion

May cause gastrointestinal irritation with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.

Skin irritation

May cause skin irritation.

Eye irritation

May cause eye irritation.

Inhalation

May cause respiratory tract irritation.

Carcinogenicity IARC

N

Carcinogenicity NTP

N

Carcinogenicity OSHA

N

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Partition coefficient

logKow

6.02

Manufacturer

-

TCI America

Recommended for products

In the electronics industry

USE & PERFORMANCE

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493

Perfluoromethylcyclohexane PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Perfluoromethylcyclohexane

CAS #

-

IUPAC name

1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6-undecafluoro6-(trifluoromethyl)cyclohexane

Common name

trifluoromethylundecafluorocyclohexane

Common synonym

tetradecafluoromethylcyclohexane

Empirical formula

-

355-02-2

C7F14

Formula

F

F

F F

F CF3

F F

F F F F

Molecular mass

daltons

350.05

RTECS number

-

GV7610000

Chemical category

-

perfluorocarbon

Mixture

-

N

EC number

-

206-573-5

Product contents

perfluoromethylcyclohexane, >95 wt%

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Color

-

colorless

Boiling point

o

C

76

Freezing point

o

C

-38

Refractive index at 20 C

-

o

1.278

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

Vapor pressure

kPa

Vapor pressure temperature

o

Molar volume

cm3 mol-1

196.0

Coefficients of Antoine equation

coefficient A

3.94685

C C

1.803-1.806 20 14.1 25

coefficient B

1132.558

coefficient C

-62.077

Temperature range of Antoine equation

K

305.8 to 384.2

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

0.87

Viscosity temperature

o

Hansen solubility parameters, (MPa)

1/2

C

25

dD

12.4

dP

0.0

dH

0.0

Databook of Green Solvents, 2nd Edition/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

494

Perfluoromethylcyclohexane PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Flammability

0

Health

0

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

HMIS classification

Reactivity

0

Flammability

0

Health

0

Reactivity

0

US safety phrases, S

S24/25

UN number

-

UN/NA hazard class

8

UN packaging group

II

1760

DOT class

UN 1760 Corrosive liquid, n.o.s., 8, II

ICAO/IATA class, packaging group

UN 1760 Corrosive liquid, n.o.s., 8, II

IMDG class, packaging group

UN 1760 Corrosive liquid, n.o.s., 8, II

Proper shipping name

corrosive liquid, n.o.s.

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat inhalation, LC50

ppm

Ingestion

May cause gastrointestinal irritation with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.

Skin irritation

May cause skin irritation.

Eye irritation

May cause eye irritation.

Inhalation

May cause respiratory tract irritation.

First aid: eyes

Rinse eyes immediately with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the eyelids

First aid: skin

Wash off with plenty of water. Remove contaminated clothing. If irritation persists, get medical attention.

First aid: inhalation

Remove to fresh air. If rapid recovery does not occur, transport to nearest medical facility for additional treatment.

Carcinogenicity IARC

N

Carcinogenicity NTP

N

Carcinogenicity OSHA

N

825/14H

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Partition coefficient

logKow

4.04

-

TCI America

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Databook of Green Solvents, 2nd Edition/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

495

Perfluoropentane PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Perfluoropentane

CAS #

-

IUPAC name

1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5dodecafluoropentane

Common name

duodecafluoropentane

Empirical formula

-

678-26-2

C5F12

Formula

CF3(CF2)3CF3

Molecular mass

daltons

288.04

Chemical category

-

perfluorocarbon

Mixture

-

Y

EC number

-

211-647-5

Product contents

perfluoro-n-pentane, min. 96% (85% n-isomer), mixture of isomers

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

L

Color

-

colorless

Boiling point

o

C

Freezing point

o

C

Refractive index at 20oC

-

1.256

Specific gravity

-

1.63

Specific gravity temperature

o

Molar volume

cm3 mol-1

176.7

Coefficients of Antoine equation

coefficient A

4.38423

29 -120

C

25

coefficient B

1257.758

coefficient C

-13.231

Temperature range of Antoine equation

K

300.0 to 421.8

Hansen solubility parameters, (MPa)

dD

11.3

dP

0.0

dH

0.0

1/2

HEALTH & SAFETY Maximum concentration, any time, ACGIH

mg m-3

2.5 (as F)

Maximum concentration, any time, OSHA

mg m

2.5 (as F)

-3

Route of entry

Inh, Eye, Ing

Skin irritation

Irritating to skin. Causes slight to mild irritation of the skin. May cause redness, itching and pain.

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Perfluoropentane PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Eye irritation

Causes slight to mild irritation of the eyes.

Inhalation

Irritating to respiratory tract, nose, mucous membranes

Carcinogenicity IARC

N

Carcinogenicity NTP

N

Carcinogenicity OSHA

N

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Partition coefficient

logKow

4.4

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Strem Chemicals, Inc

Databook of Green Solvents, 2nd Edition/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

497

Tetrafluoromethane PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Tetrafluoromethane

CAS #

-

75-73-0

IUPAC name

tetrafluoromethane

Common name

carbon tetrafluride

Common synonym

Freon 14

Empirical formula

-

CF4

Formula

CF4

Molecular mass

daltons

88.01

RTECS number

-

FG4920000

Chemical category

-

perfluorocarbon

Mixture

-

N

EC number

-

200-896-5

Product contents

tetrafluoromethane 100%

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

G

Odor

-

odorless

Color

-

colorless

Boiling point

o

C

Freezing point

o

C

Refractive index at 20oC

-

-127.8 -183.6 1.1510

Specific gravity

-

1.890

Vapor density

air=1

3.03

Vapor pressure

kPa

0.17

Vapor pressure temperature

o

Enthalpy of vaporization

kJ mol-1

Enthalpy of vaporization temperature

K

Molar volume

cm mol

Coefficients of Antoine equation

coefficient A

3.32027

coefficient B

376.716

C

-60 11.81 145.1 3

-1

66.1

coefficient C

-31.901

K

121.6 to 135.4

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

0.17

Viscosity temperature

o

Surface tension at 20oC

mN m-1

4.0

Solubility in water at 20oC

mg kg-1

16

Temperature range of Antoine equation

C

-60

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498

Tetrafluoromethane PARAMETER

UNIT

Hildebrand solubility parameter Hansen solubility parameters, (MPa)

1/2

VALUE

(MPa)1/2

13.83

dD

11.6

dP

4.9

dH

1.4

Henry’s law constant

atm/m -mol

Relative permittivity

-

1.0

Flammability

0

Health

2

Reactivity

0

UN number

-

1982

UN/NA hazard class

2.2

DOT class

UN 1982 Tetrafluoromethane, 2.2

IMDG class, packaging group

UN 1982 Tetrafluoromethane, 2.2

Proper shipping name

tetrafluoromethane

Maximum concentration, any time, ACGIH

mg m-3

2.5

Maximum concentration, any time, OSHA

mg m

3

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat inhalation, LC50

ppm

Route of entry

Inh, Ing, Con

Skin irritation

On contact with liquid - frostbite.

Inhalation

Inhalation causes dizziness, drowsiness, headache.

First aid: skin

Wash with plenty of soap and water. If irritation persists, get medical attention.

First aid: inhalation

Remove to fresh air. Respiratory support. Call for prompt medical attention.

Target organs

CVS,RspSys,CNS,Lvr,Kdny

Carcinogenicity IARC

N

Carcinogenicity NTP

N

Carcinogenicity OSHA

N

3

5.15E+00

-1

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

-3

89,500/15M

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Theoretical oxygen demand

g g-1

0.0

Bioconcentration factor

-

0.67

Biodegradation probability

-

Hydroxyl rate constant

cm molecule s

4.00E-16

Montreal protocol

-

N

Partition coefficient

logKow

1.18

days-weeks 3

-1

-1

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499

Tetrafluoromethane PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Urban ozone formation potential

C2H4=1

0.0

Soil absorption constant

-

1.69

UV absorption

nm

5,000

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat inhalation, LC50

ppm

First aid: eyes

In case of contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. If easy to do, remove contact lens, if worn. Get medical attention.

First aid: skin

In case of contact, immediately flush skin with plenty of water. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Get medical attention. Wash clothing before reuse. Thoroughly clean shoes before reuse.

First aid: inhalation

If inhaled, remove to fresh air. Get medical attention if symptoms occur

Carcinogenicity IARC

N

Carcinogenicity NTP

N

Carcinogenicity OSHA

N

Reproduction/developmental toxicity

N

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Aquatic toxicity, Bluegill sunfish, 96-h LC50 Aquatic toxicity, Daphnia magna, 48-h LC50

mg l-1 mg l

-1

-1

Global warming potential

95.4/4H

135 220 148

Partition coefficient

logKow

2.06

Ozone depletion potential

CFC11=1

0

Manufacturer

-

Chemours

Outstanding properties

excellent solvency power

Recommended for products

soil removal, silicone deposition, precision cleaning, carrier fluid

Features & benefits

residue-free cleaning

USE & PERFORMANCE

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507

Vertrel SMT PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Vertrel SMT

CAS #

138495-42-8,156-60-5, 67-56-1

Molecular mass

daltons

128

Chemical category

-

perfluorocarbon

Mixture

-

Y

Product contents

1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentane 49-55 %, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene 40-46 %, methanol 2-6%, nitromethane 0.05-0.7%

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

Boiling point

o

L

C

37

Freezing point

o

C

-50

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

Vapor density

air=1

4.4

Vapor pressure

kPa

64.7

Vapor pressure temperature

o

Viscosity

mPas (cP)

Viscosity temperature

o

Surface tension at 20 C

mN m

Solubility in water at 20oC

mg kg-1

o

1.37

C

25

C

25

C

0.47 25

-1

15.5 3,400

HEALTH & SAFETY Flash point

o

Explosion limit, lower

wt%

C

7.0

none

Explosion limit, upper

wt%

15.0

Maximum concentration, any time, ACGIH

ppm

200 (trans-dichloroetylene), 250 (methanol)

Maximum concentration, any time, OSHA

ppm

200 (trans-dichloroetylene), 200 (methanol)

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg-1

5,000

Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rabbit dermal LD50

mg kg-1

5,000

Skin irritation

Causes skin irritation.

Eye irritation

May cause eye irritation.

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Vertrel SMT PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Inhalation

May cause CNS depression with dizziness, confusion, incoordination, drowsiness or unconsciousness

First aid: eyes

Hold eyelids apart flush thoroughly with water. Call a physician.

First aid: skin

Take off all contaminated clothing immediately. Wash off with warm water.

First aid: inhalation

Move person into fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If symptoms persists, call physician.

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Aquatic toxicity, Bluegill sunfish, 96-h LC50

mg l-1

74.0 (156-60-5)

Aquatic toxicity Fathead minnow, 96-h LC50

mg l

27.2 (138495-428), 28100(67-56-1)

Biodegradation probability

readily biodegradable (138495-42-8), 95% (156-60-5)

-1

Global warming potential

688

Montreal protocol

-

N

Ozone depletion potential

CFC11=1

0

Manufacturer

-

Chemours

Recommended for polymers

compatible with most polymers and rubbers

Recommended for products

light soil removal, oxygen system cleaning, oil and grease wastewater analysis, cleanliness verification

USE & PERFORMANCE

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509

Vertrel XE PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Vertrel XE

CAS #

138495-42-8,64-17-5, 67-56-1

Molecular mass

daltons

214

Chemical category

-

perfluorocarbon

Mixture

-

Y

Product contents

1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentane 95-97%, ethanol 3-5%, methanol