Databook of curatives and crosslinkers [1st edition] 9781523124558, 1523124555, 9781927885505, 1927885507, 9781927885499

Table of contents :
Content: Front Cover
atabook of Curatives & Crosslinkers
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Chapter 1. Introduction
Chapter 2. Information on data fields
Chapter 3. Curatives and Crosslinkers
Table of Contents --
Chemical type
Table of Contents --
Polymer application
Table of Contents --
Product application

Citation preview

 



Published by ChemTec Publishing 38 Earswick Drive, Toronto, Ontario M1E 1C6, Canada © ChemTec Publishing 2019 ISBN 978-1-927885-49-9 (hard copy); 978-1-927885-50-5 (epub) Cover design: Anita Wypych

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form or by any means without written permission of copyright owner. No responsibility is assumed by the Author and the Publisher for any injury or/and damage to persons or properties as a matter of products liability, negligence, use, or operation of any methods, product ideas, or instructions published or suggested in this book.

Library and Archives of Canada Cataloguing in Publication Hanson, Malgorzata, 1962-, author Databook of curatives and crosslinkers / Malgorzata Hanson and Anna Wypych. -- 1st edition. Includes bibliographical references and index. Issued in print and electronic formats. ISBN 978-1-927885-49-9 (hardcover).--ISBN 978-1-927885-50-5 (PDF) 1. Polymers--Additives. 2. Curing--Equipment and supplies. 3. Crosslinked polymers. 4. Curing. 5. Crosslinking (Polymerization). I. Wypych, Anna, 1937-, author II. Title. TP1142.H359 2019

668.9

C2018-904001-7 C2018-904002-5

Printed in Australia, United Kingdom, and the United States of America

1 Introduction In the standard defini on, the crosslinker is an addi ve which links two polymer chains by the covalent or ionic bond. In polymer chemistry, the curing reac on changes mechanical proper es or viscosity by increasing molecular weight of a polymer by reac ng two different components. Components can be polymers, prepolymers, oligomers, or monomers. If the components to be linked are polymers, there is no visible difference between curing or crosslinking. For this reason, both terms are frequently interchangeable in meaning and applica on. If the components have lower molecular weight (e.g., monomer, oligomer) then two different kinds of cura ves are typically used, namely chain extenders and/or crosslinkers. The chain extender has two func onal groups divided by a spacer which may be used to regulate hardness of the resultant material, and the crosslinker has the func onality of three or more by which it can react with more than two monomers or prepolymers thus forming a crosslink. Polyurethane chemistry provides s ll another useful example. Typically, hydroxyl or amine groups react with the isocyanate groups to build a high molecular weight polymer. But in this case, either group may become crosslinker (either isocyanate, or amine, or hydroxyl containing moiety may have more than two func onal groups thus playing a role of crosslinker). The above reasons suggest that dis nguishing between cura ves and crosslinkers does not provide any benefits for the selec on of these addi ves. Mainly, the reac vity of components (the material to be cured and the curing moiety) has the primary importance in their choice. For this reason, throughout this book, the terms cura ve and crosslinker are used interchangeably mostly to reflect the naming system adopted by the addi ve manufacturer. The cura ves/crosslinkers are organized in the book according to the alphabe c order of their commercial or chemical names. To improve naviga on through the book, four indices have been generated, as follows, the index of cura ves names is placed just before this chapter. Indices of the chemical composion of cura ves/crosslinkers, their applica on for different polymers, and product applicaons can be found at the end of this book. The data for each cura ve/crosslinker are presented in a separate table. The informa on in the table is divided into five sec ons, including General, Physical proper es, Health & safety, Ecological, and Use. The contents of these five sec ons is given below. General sec on contains the following fields: name, CAS #, acronym, acrylamide content, ac ve content, ac ve oxygen content, amine value, amine equivalent weight, assay, aziridine content, bio-based composi on, borate content, chemical class, chemical composi on, common name, cure schedule, EC number, empirical formula, formula, func onality, hydroxyl number, IUPAC name, moisture content, molecular mass, NCO content, RTECS #, SiH content, solvent, solids content, sulfur content, Ti content, water content, and Zr content. Physical sec on contains the following fields: acid #, ac va on energy, alkalinity, ash content, boiling point, color (descrip on, Gardner, pla num-cobalt scales), density, dimer acids, freezing/mel ng point, gel me, glass transi on temperature, half-life, kinema c viscosity, monomer acids, odor, par cle size, pH, polymer acids, pot life, refrac ve index, solubility (in solvents and water), specific gravity, state, storage, surface tension, thin film set me, vapor density, vapor pressure, and viscosity. Databook of Curatives & Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

1

Health & safety sec on contains the following fields: ADR/RID class, autoigni on temperature, HMIS (fire, health, reac vity), inventory status, carcinogenicity, DOT class, explosive LEL & UEL, eye irrita on, flash point and method, first aid (eye, skin, inhala on), hazardous thermal decomposi on products, ICAO/IATA class, IMDG class, inges on, inhala on (rat LC50), LD50 (dermal rat and rabbit, and oral rat), mutagenicity, NFPA (flammability, health, reac vity), self-accelera ng decomposi on temperature, skin irrita on, teratogenicity, TLV (ACGIH, NIOSH, OSHA), UN risk and safety phrases, and UN/NA class. Ecological sec on contains the following fields: aqua c toxicity (NOEC), LC50 (Bluegill sunfish, Daphnia magna, Fathead minnow, Rainbow trout, Zebra fish), bioaccumula on, bioconcentra on factor, biodegrada on probability, and par on coefficients. Use sec on contains the following fields: crosslinking process, crosslinking target, dose, food contact, formula on examples, manufacturer, op onal curing me, outstanding proper es, problems to avoid, reac ve groups, recommended for products, recommended for resins, spacer arm length, suggested curing temperature, suggested maximum compounding temperature, and ps for applica on. The above informa on is beneficial if compiled for all addi ves in a comparable format. We use the same set of units to achieve the compa bility of data. At the same me, data can only be made available if they are provided by the manufacturing companies which is frequently not the very common case. The next chapter contains a defini on of all fields which have been listed above and included in the descrip on of addi ves.

Databook of Curatives & Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

2

2 Information on data fields The fields used in the databook are listed in alphabetical order. The information on data in a particular field includes glossary of term, unit of measurement, typical methods used to measure quantities available in the databook. A Twenty-five grams of a additive is placed in 125 ml Erlenmeyer flask and 50 ml alcohol is added to dissolve the sample. If the sample is not completely soluble, 50 ml of equal amounts of alcohol and acetone are used. This sample is titrated with 0.01N NaOH or KOH in the presence of bromothymol blue used as an indicator. ISO standard uses a method of titration similar to just described ASTM standard but phenolphthalein is used as an indicator and 0.1 N NaOH is used as a titrating agent. The results are expressed in mg KOH per 1 g of sample. A Abbreviations of additive names can be found in the standard terminology (ASTM D160014 Standard Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics). ISO standard has a separate section for symbols used for additives (ISO 1043-3:1996 Plastics -- Symbols and abbreviated terms -- Part 3: Additives). In addition to the abbreviations for individual additives, Annex A contains a list of symbols for additive components (alcohol part, acid part, and other elements of composition). Abbreviations of additives used in rubber are given in a separate standard (ISO 6472:2010 Rubber compounding ingredients -- Abbreviations). A The content of acrylamide binder in the composition of the curing agent. A The energy required for reactants to undergo a chemical reaction. A The content of active component (curing agent) in the composition of additive. A The content of active oxygen (e.g., in peroxide curing agents) in the composition of the curing additive. ADR/RID A number corresponding to one of the eight classes of cargo defined in the European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR) or the International Regulations concerning the Transport of Dangerous goods by Rail (RID). A Alkalinity expressed in units of meq/L corresponds to the amount of monoprotic acid added as a titrant in millimoles per liter.

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

3

A An amine hardener has reactive NH groups than can react with an epoxy group. The equivalent weight of an amine may be expressed by an amine equivalent weight in g/eq. This means that x number of g of the material has one NH group. A The hydrogen equivalent is the result of the calculation of the molecular weight of the polymanine divided by the amount of the active hydrogen atom. Active hydrogen atom is the one which is connected to a nitrogen. A The amine value is determined by titration of the amine by a dilute, typically 1N HCl solution. For pure material, the amine number can be calculated using the molecular weights of the pure compound and KOH. A , Acute toxicity describes the adverse effects resulting from a single exposure to a substance. Typical methods of measurement include LD50 which is the amount of a solid or liquid material that is required to kill 50% of test animals in one dose. A The adverse effects to marine life (aquatic organisms) that result from exposure to a toxic substance. Aquatic toxicity can be expressed as the lethal concentration of a chemical substance in milligrams per liter that caused death to 50% population of aquatic species (LC50) during the time of experiment (usually 24, 48 or 96 hours). A Percentage of ash in the additive. A Determination of quantity. A Concentration of aziridine functional group in curative. A The lowest temperature at which a material will ignite and sustain combustion in the absence of a spark or flame. The properties of liquid can be tested by standardized methods (ASTM E659-14 Standard Test Method for Autoignition Temperature of Liquid Chemicals). The ignition temperature is the temperature in degrees Centigrade at which the substance shows spontaneous combustion when touching hot bodies. B Bioaccumulation occurs when an organism absorbs a substance at a rate faster than that at which the substance is lost by catabolism and excretion.

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

4

B It is the ratio of a substance’s concentration in tissue of an aquatic organism to its concentration in the ambient water, in situations where the organism is exposed through the water only and the ratio does not change substantially over time. B The probability that an organic substance will biodegrade under aerobic conditions. This field includes the general statements regarding biodegradation probability of additives. Experimental data are included in the following fields: Biological Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand, and Theoretical Oxygen Demand. B The boiling point is the temperature in degrees Centigrade at which the substance undergoes transition from the liquid into the gaseous phase under normal pressure.

B In order to assess bioaccumulation of substance, a test organism such as Bluegill sunfish, Daphnia magna, Fathead minnow, Rainbow trout, or other is selected. The test substance is administered as a suspension directly into the water. A test organism is observed by a specified number of hours. If deleterious effects, due either to toxicity or pathogenicity are observed, sequentially lower doses should be tested. The experiment should establish LC50 value for a particular substance and a test organism (LC50 is a dose required to kill 50 percent of the test organisms). B Concentration of borate group in the curative. C Molecular weight of active carbodiimide C A carcinogenic material is one that is known to cause cancer. The process of forming cancer cells from normal cells or carcinomas is called carcinogenesis. A summary of findings included in this field is based on general principles of material assessment, which includes: a  There is limited evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in humans. A cause and effect interpretation is credible, but that alternative explanations such as chance, bias, other variables etc. cannot be ruled out. Again, science can never prove a hypothesis, only disprove one. Scientific “facts” are established only when a preponderance of the evidence supports a hypothesis and there is 1) no evidence to disprove it and 2) no equally viable alternative hypotheses. b  There is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals, which indicates there is an increased incidence of malignant and/or a combination of malignant and benign tumors (1) in multiple species or at multiple tissue sites, or (2) by multiple routes of exposure, or (3) to an unusual degree with regard to incidence, site, or type of tumor, or age at onset. c  There is less than sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in humans or laboratory animals; however, the substance is structurally related to other materials that are either human carcinogens or reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogens. d  There is convincing relevant information that the material acts through mechanisms that are likely to cause cancer in humans. Carcinogenicity lists are maintained by NTP, IARC, and OSHA. Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

5

CAS A number assigned by the Chemical Abstracts Service that uniquely identifies a chemical substance. C Non-systematic classification of additives based on their main component. C Components of formulated products are given if available. C This field gives a description of color that is typical of commercial product or pure specimen. C ,G The Gardner Scale was developed in the 1920s to classify the color of drying oils, varnishes, fatty acids, polymerized fatty acids, and resin solutions. The scale originally consisted of 18 liquid standards composed of potassium dichromate, ferric chloride, cobaltous chloride, and potassium chloroplatinate for visual comparison, ranging from light yellow (1) to dark brown (18). The solutions were replaced by glass filters in 1958 in an attempt to enhance precision. C , The Platinum-Cobalt Scale is a color scale that was introduced in 1892 by chemist Allen Hazen (1869–1930). The index was developed as a way to evaluate pollution levels in waste water. It has since expanded to a common method of comparison of the intensity of yellowtinted samples. It is also known as APHA scale. C Many additives have commercial names (see under label – Name). This frequently does not permit to recognize chemical composition of the additive. Common name helps in recognition of chemical nature of material. C Common synonym has similar application as the Common name. It is used to help in identification of chemical nature of the product. C , , Concentration in percents of dimer, monomer, and polymeric acids in fatty acids compositions as determined by gas chromatography.

D In order to assess bioaccumulation of substance, a test organism such as Bluegill sunfish, Daphnia magna, Fathead minnow, Rainbow trout, or other is selected. The test substance is administered as a suspension directly into the water. A test organism is observed by a specified number of hours. If deleterious effects, due either to toxicity or pathogenicity are observed, sequentially lower doses should be tested. The experiment should establish LC50 value for a particular substance and a test organism (LC50 is a dose required to kill 50 percent of the test organisms). Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

6

D The mass per unit volume. DOT Transportation instructions require DOT Hazard Class in which materials are divided into the following classes: 1 – Explosives, 2 – Gases, 3 – Flammable and combustible liquids, 4 – Flammable spontaneously combustible solids, 5 – Oxidizers & organic peroxides, 6 – Poisonous & infectious materials, 7 – Radioactive materials, 8 – Corrosives, 9 – Miscellaneous. In addition UN number and packaging group is also given. EC Number assigned by the EU commission to a substance (previously EINECS and ELINCS) which to identify a compound. E The empirical formula is the molecular formula of a chemical compound. The order of atoms follows the Hill system which is utilized by the Chemical Abstracts Services and by the Beilstein Institute. Within the empirical formula C is the first element symbol, H is the second, the other element symbols are added in alphabetical order. The empirical formula does not take into account of any crystal water content. Using this field for searches requires that the above guidelines are strictly followed. E , , LEL The explosion limits are the lower and the upper border concentration in volume percent of a flammable gas or vapor mixed with air between which the mixture can be made to explode by heating or by a spark. E , , UEL The explosion limits are the lower and the upper border concentration in volume percent of a flammable gas or vapor mixed with air between which the mixture can be made to explode by heating or by a spark. E The information included in this field comes from existing human experience, animal observations related to the potential irritation of human eye, and in vitro studies.

F In order to assess bioaccumulation of substance, a test organism such as Bluegill sunfish, Daphnia magna, Fathead minnow, Rainbow trout, or other is selected. The test substance is administered as a suspension directly into the water. A test organism is observed by a specified number of hours. If deleterious effects, due either to toxicity or pathogenicity are observed, sequentially lower doses should be tested. The experiment should establish LC50 value for a particular substance and a test organism (LC50 is a dose required to kill 50 percent of the test organisms). F Emergency treatment administered to an injured or sick person before professional medical care is available.

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

7

F The flash point is the lowest temperature in degrees Centigrade at which so much vapor develops under normal pressure that it results in a flammable mixture together with the air over the liquid level. Different methods are used in the test with Cleveland cup being the most suitable method for testing additives. Cleveland open cup is used to determine flash and fire points of liquids with flash point above 79oC and below 400oC, such as additives (ASTM D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup). Standard gives the methods of determination using manual and automatic Cleveland open cup apparatus. About 70 ml of test liquid is heated first rapidly then slowly on approaching an expected flash point. Test flame is applied to surface to ignite vapors. Test flame is natural or bottled gas flame (full description included in the standard). Test flame is applied first when the temperature is 28oC below expected flash point and then in 2oC intervals. The flash point is the lowest temperature at which vapors are ignited by the test flame. F The following abbreviations are used to describe the method that was used for the data included in the field “Flash point”: CC – closed cup, CCTC – closed cup tag closed, COC – Cleveland open cup, OC – open cup, PMCC - Pensky-Martens closed cup, TCC- tag closed cup, TOC – tag open cup F The overall regulatory status of a food contact material is dictated by the regulatory status of each individual substance as per Title 21 Code of Federal Regulations. F / The temperature at which the liquid and solid phases of a substance of specified composition are in equilibrium at atmospheric pressure. F The average functionality of mixture of curing agents. G Gel time is the time it takes for a mixed resin system of certain weight to gel or become highly viscous. G The glass transition temperature is the temperature region where the polymer transitions from a hard, glassy material to a soft, rubbery material. H The hydroxyl number is measured in milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize free hydroxyl groups. HMIS A rating system (HMIS - Hazardous Materials Identification System) has been devised by The National Paint Coatings Association to assist emergency responders. The following are the simple explanations of numerical symbols. Health: 0 – Like ordinary material,

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

8

1 – Slightly hazardous, 2 – Hazardous – use breathing apparatus, 3 – Extremely dangerous – use full protective clothing, 4 – Too dangerous to enter – vapor or liquid. Flammability: 0 – Will not burn, 1 – Must be preheated to burn, 2 – Ignites when moderately heated, 3 – Ignites at normal temperature, 4 - Extremely flammable. Reactivity: 0 – Normally stable, 1 – Unstable if heated – use normal precaution, 2 – Violent chemical change possible – use hose from distance, 3 – Strong shock or heat may detonate – use monitors, 4 – May detonate – evacuate area if materials are exposed to fire. ICAO/IATA Classification for transport by cargo aircraft. The statements are based on the Dangerous Goods Regulation issued by IATA (International Air Transport Association). The class and the packaging group are stated. No account is taken of special regulations stipulated by individual countries or airlines. IMDG This field contains the hazard classification for transport by sea. I Ingestion is the act of taking something (food, medicine, liquid, poison, etc.) into a body through the mouth. Synonyms include “swallowing”, “taking internally”, or “eating”. I Inhalation is the drawing of air or other substances (fumes, mists, vapor, dust, etc.) into lungs (the respiratory system). Common synonym is “breathing in”. I Component was listed on inventories of countries named in the field. IUPAC International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, IUPAC, standardized names of organic compounds and created a systematic naming system which is given here. K Kinematic viscosity is the ratio of absolute (or dynamic) viscosity to density. LC50 Lethal Concentration 50, LC50, is the concentration of a chemical which kills 50% test animal population. This measure is generally used when test animals are exposed to a test chemical in form of gas or mist. LD50 Lethal Dose 50, LD50, is the dose of a chemical which kills 50% of a sample population. In full reporting, the dose, treatment and observation period should be given. Further, LD50, LC50, ED50 and similar figures are strictly only comparable when the age, sex and nutritional state of the animals is specified. M The name of manufacturer is given for commercial additives having a particular brand name. For generic compounds the name of manufacturer(s) is also frequently suggested. Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

9

M Information helps to distinguish between additive composed of a single component or mixture of chemical compounds. M Moisture concentration in a commercial additive as declared by its manufacturer. M Indicated whether substance is included or not in Montreal protocol to be eliminated. M The sum of the atomic weights of all the atoms in a molecule. The weight of a molecule of any gas or vapor as compared with the hydrogen atom as a standard. M The capacity of a chemical or physical agent to cause permanent alteration of the genetic material within living cells. Tests of chemical substances and physical agents for mutagenic potential include microbial, insect, mammalian cell, and whole animal tests. N A proper name is used, which, in the case of commercial product, is a brand name given by manufacturer, and the most commonly used name in the case of generic compounds. NCO The content of isocyanate group in isocyanate or polyurethane prepolymer. NFPA classification A rating system has been devised by the National Fire Protection Association, NFPA, to assist emergency responders. The following are the simple explanations of numerical symbols. Health: 0 – Like ordinary material, 1 – Slightly hazardous, 2 – Hazardous – use breathing apparatus, 3 – Extremely dangerous – use full protective clothing, 4 – Too dangerous to enter – vapor or liquid. Flammability: 0 – Will not burn, 1 – Must be preheated to burn, 2 – Ignites when moderately heated, 3 – Ignites at normal temperature, 4 - Extremely flammable. Reactivity: 0 – Normally stable, 1 – Unstable if heated – use normal precaution, 2 – Violent chemical change possible – use hose from distance, 3 – Strong shock or heat may detonate – use monitors, 4 – May detonate – evacuate area if materials are exposed to fire. NIOSH-IDHL Concentration Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health, defined by the NIOSH as follows: “that poses a threat of exposure to airborne contaminants when that exposure is likely to cause death or immediate or delayed permanent adverse health effects or prevent escape from such an environment.” IDLH values are often used for the selection of breathing apparatus that must be available to workers or firefighters in a given situation. NIOSH REL National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, NIOSH, recommended exposure limits (RELs) will be based on risk evaluations using human or animal health effects data, and on an assessment of what levels can be feasibly achieved by engineering controls and measured by analytical techniques. The RELs are given in either mg/m3 or ppm. Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

10

NOEC No Observed Effect Concentration. O Any property detected by the olfactory system. In the case of chemical materials and particularly additives it helps to distinguish different materials and select non-intrusive materials for application. OSHA PEL A Permissible Exposure Limit, PEL, is the maximum amount or concentration of a chemical that a worker may be exposed to under the U.S. Occupational Health and Safety Administration, OSHA, regulations. The PELs are given mg/m3 or ppm. O The most important properties, which may help in selection for application. P The organic carbon adsorption coefficient, Koc, is only applicable for individual substances. The Koc can generally be calculated from the octanol/water partition coefficient, Kow. The following equation can be used: log Koc = 0.937 (log Kow) - 0.006. The log Kow is determined in a laboratory without the use of organisms. It is a measure of how polar the substance is by determining whether the substance partitions primarily to water or to octanol. Substances that partition primarily to octanol are likely to bioaccumulate in the fat of organisms. The log Pow is defined as the ratio of the equilibrium concentration of a dissolved substance in a two-phase system comprising two largely immiscible solvents, such as n-octanol and water. pH The pH value is the negative decadic logarithm of the concentration of hydrogen ions (dimensionless). P Pot life is the amount of time it takes for an initial mixed viscosity to double.

R In order to assess bioaccumulation of substance, a test organism such as Bluegill sunfish, Daphnia magna, Fathead minnow, Rainbow trout, or other is selected. The test substance is administered as a suspension directly into the water. A test organism is observed by a specified number of hours. If deleterious effects, due either to toxicity or pathogenicity are observed, sequentially lower doses should be tested. The experiment should establish LC50 value for a particular substance and a test organism (LC50 is a dose required to kill 50 percent of the test organisms). R Manufacturers recommendations are given as to the product application for manufactured goods. R R Manufacturers recommendations are given in this field.

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

11

R The ratio of the velocity of propagation of an electromagnetic wave in vacuum to its velocity in the medium. It is a parameter that helps to identify chemical compounds and means of their selection for use in compositions having predesigned optical properties. Refractive index has been measured at two temperatures 20 and 25oC unless otherwise indicated. RTECS The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS®) is a comprehensive database of basic toxicity information for over 150,000 chemical substances including: prescription and non-prescription drugs, food additives, pesticides, fungicides, herbicides, additives, diluents, chemical wastes, reaction products of chemical waste, and substances used in both industrial and household situations. Reports of the toxic effects of each compound are cited. In addition to toxic effects and general toxicology reviews, data on skin and/or eye irritation, mutation, reproductive consequences and tumorigenicity are provided. Federal standards and regulations, NIOSH recommended exposure limits and information on the activities of the EPA, NIOSH, NTP, and OSHA regarding the substance are also included. The toxic effects are linked to literature citations from both published and unpublished governmental reports, and published articles from the scientific literature. The database corresponds to the print version of the Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances, formerly known as the Toxic Substances List started in 1971. Originally prepared by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), the RTECS® database is now produced and distributed by MDL Information Systems, Inc. SH Content of SiH in (poly)siloxane component. S Although several mammalian species may be used, the albino rabbit is the preferred species. Exposure duration normally is four hours. S t The concentration of solid material in solution weight percent. S Information on solubility of additive in water. S Spacer arm length refers to the molecular span of a crosslinker (i.e., the distance between conjugated molecules). A related consideration is whether the arm is cleavable (i.e., whether the linkage can be reversed or broken when desired). “Zero-length crosslinkers” do not add any extra atoms. S Several methods are used to determine specific gravity of the additives, such as hydrometer, digital density meter, displacement, and pycnometer methods. S State of additives at room temperature are contained in this field.

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

12

STEL A Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL) is defined by ACGIH as the concentration to which workers can be exposed continuously for a short period of time without suffering from irritation, chronic or irreversible tissue damage, or narcosis of sufficient degree to increase the likelihood of accidental injury, impair self-rescue or materially reduce work efficiency. S The force acting on the surface of a liquid, tending to minimize the area of the surface; quantitatively, the force that appears to act across a line of unit length on the surface. Also known as interfacial force; interfacial tension; surface tensity. S Chemical or common name of the same product T The property or capability of producing congenital malformations. T A time required for setting a thin film (usual thickness 6-20 mils). TLV-TWA 8h The time-weighted average concentration for a conventional 8-hour workday and 40-hour workweek exposure to a substance, to which it is believed that nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed, day after day, without adverse health effects. The data are given after American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, ACGIH, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, NIOSH, and Occupational Safety & Health Administration, OSHA. UN A list of numbers of risk phrases compiled by UN which characterize behavior of a particular compound UN A list of numbers of safety phrases compiled by UN which should be followed during transportation of a particular compound UN/NA A four digit number representing a particular chemical or group of chemicals. These numbers are assigned by the United Nations (UN Numbers), the U.S. Department of Transportation (NA Numbers), or Transport Canada (NA Numbers). These numbers are commonly used throughout the world to aid in the quick identification of the materials contained within bulk containers (such as rail cars, semi-trailers and intermodal containers). V The density of a gas relative to the density of air.

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

13

V Vapor pressure is a fundamental thermodynamic property of a solid or liquid. It is the pressure generated at a particular temperature by pure component which has liquid (or solid) and vapor in equilibrium in a closed vessel. Its units are the usual units of pressure (e.g., kPa). The vapor pressure of a liquid increases with temperature between the triple point and the critical point. V It is a ratio of shear stress and shear strain expressed in mPa s.

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

14

1,2,3,4-Butanetetracarboxylic acid PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

1,2,3,4-Butanetetracarboxylic acid

CAS #

-

Common name

Butane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid

Acronym

-

BATCA

Empirical formula

-

C8H10O8

1703-58-8

Formula

O

HO

O

HO

OH O

O

OH

Molecular mass

g mol-1 (daltons)

234.16

RTECS number

-

EK6100000

EC number

-

216-938-0

Assay

%

99

State

-

solid/crystalline powder

Color

-

beige

Melting/Freezing point

o

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

C

195-197

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

HMIS classification

Carcinogenicity

Flammability

0

Health

2

Reactivity

0

Flammability

0

Health

2

Reactivity

0

IARC, OSHA, NTP: No component of this product present at levels greater than or equal to 0.1% is identified as probable, possible or confirmed human carcinogen.

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Millipore Sigma

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

15

1,2,3,4-Butanetetracarboxylic acid PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Outstanding properties

BTCA has been the most effective crosslinking agent for fabrics from cotton and silk. Cottons treated with BTCA have shown superior durable press performance with high levels of laundering durability. The fabric quality can reach the accomplishment of traditional DP finishing agent with formaldehyde and liquid ammonia. Furthermore, the technique is simple and does not create pollution. Therefore, BTCA is a perfect substitute for DP finishing agent of formaldehyde.

Recommended for resins

Cellulosic fibers. BTCA used as a coadditives in the prepation of lightweight flame resistant cellulose nanofibril sponge-like aerogels via an eco-friendly freeze-drying and post crosslinking method.

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

16

Addolink 30-10 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Addolink 30-10

CAS #

-

IUPAC name

2,2'-(1,4-phenylenedioxy)diethanol

Acronym

-

104-38-1 HQEE

Formula

O HO

OH

O

Chemical category

-

Chemical composition

Hydroquinone (2-hydroxyethyl) ether

difunctional alcohol

Hydroxyl number

mg KOH g-1

580

State

-

solid, powder

Odor

-

odorless

Color

-

greyish white

Boiling point

o

C

Melting/Freezing point

o

C

Density at 20 C

kg m

Particle size

m

up to 3% of particles bigger than 125 μm

-

4-7

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

o

pH

194 99 -3

1140

Solubility in water at 25 C

gl

Storage

20-25°C in originally closed, moisturetight containers. Shelf life 24 months.

o

-1

13.1

Vapor pressure at 50oC

kPa

2500

Acute toxicity, Rat dermal LD50

mg kg-1

>2500

Acute toxicity, Rat inhalation, LC50

mg l-1

>2.3/4H

>500 215

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

19

Addolink 1604 PARAMETER

UNIT

Ingestion

Ingestion may result in cyanosis

Skin irritation

May cause skin irritation. Skin absorption may result in cyanosis.

Eye irritation

May cause eye irritation.

Inhalation

May cause respiratory track irritation. Inhalation may result in cyanosis

First aid: eyes

Rinse opened eye for several minutes under running water.

First aid: skin

Wash with plenty of soap and water. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash contaminated clothing thoroughly with water before removing it.

First aid: inhalation

Move person into fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. Consult a physician.

Carcinogenicity

NTP, IARC, OSHA; Not considered to be carcinogen.

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Aquatic toxicity, Daphnia magna, 48-h LC50 Aquatic toxicity, Zebra fish, 96-h LC50

VALUE

mg l-1

10-32/24H

mg l-1

30-56

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Rhein Chemie Rheinau GmbH/Lanxess

Outstanding properties

Provides physical properties that exceed DETDA, DMTDA, and MOCA. Specifically, Addolink 1604 produces a harder elastomer with enhanced tear strength, tensile strength, and elongation at break.

Recommended for resins

Recommended for heat curing polyurethane (PU) prepolymers

Recommended for products

Pipe coatings, efficient pigs for pipeline cleaning, hard-wearing rollers and cylinders for technical applications, coatings for corrosion and wear protection, insulation, highly-elastic rollers for skates and skateboards, strainers for gravel sorting and separation

Tips for application

Addolink crosslinking agents can both shorten and lengthen casting and demolding times. This enables you to optimize molded part properties and work processes.

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

20

Addolink 1604 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Crosslinking process

Provides extended cure time (~ 3 times longer) compared with conventional amines such as DMTDA

Optional curing time

min

7

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

21

Addolink 1701 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Addolink 1701

Acronym

-

Molecular mass

g mol (daltons)

178

Chemical category

-

aromatic diamine

DETDA -1

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES State

-

liquid

Color

-

light

Boiling point

o

C

Melting/Freezing point

o

C

Density at 25oC

kg m-3

1020

Solubility in water at 20oC

g l-1

miscible

Storage

Addolink 1701 is hygroscopic and thus to be stored in a dry as well as cool place. When is stored in firmly closed original containers at dry conditions at approx. 20°C, a shelf-life of 12 months from manufacturing date can be expected.

Viscosity at 20oC

mPas (cP)

308.3 -6/pour point

286

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Rhein Chemie Rheinau GmbH/Lanxess

Outstanding properties

Coating formulations with Addolink 1701 are not sensitive to blistering caused by side reactions with moisture. It shows a higher reactivity than Addolink 1708 and glycolic crosslinkers and can be blended with Addolink 1708 to adjust reactivity.

Recommended for resins

Recommended for: preferred crosslinker for self-releasing RIM 2K PUR, PUR and PU spray coatings, PUR One Shot systems

Recommended for products

Pipe coatings, efficient pigs for pipeline cleaning, hard-wearing rollers and cylinders for technical applications, coatings for corrosion and wear protection, insulation, highly-elastic rollers for skates and skateboards, strainers for gravel sorting and separation

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

22

Addolink 1701 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Tips for application

Addolink crosslinking agents can both shorten and lengthen casting and demolding times. This enables you to optimize molded part properties and work processes.

Optional curing time

min

0.3

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

23

Addolink 1705 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Addolink 1705

Acronym

-

Molecular mass

g mol (daltons)

214

Chemical category

-

aromatic diamine

-

liquid

DMTDA -1

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES State

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Rhein Chemie Rheinau GmbH/Lanxess

Recommended for resins

Recommended for hot and cold cast of elastomers

Recommended for products

Pipe coatings, efficient pigs for pipeline cleaning, hard-wearing rollers and cylinders for technical applications, coatings for corrosion and wear protection, insulation, highly-elastic rollers for skates and skateboards, strainers for gravel sorting and separation

Tips for application

Addolink crosslinking agents can both shorten and lengthen casting and demolding times. This enables you to optimize molded part properties and work processes.

Optional curing time

min

0.3

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

24

Addolink 1780 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Addolink 1708

Common name

Aromatic diamine

Acronym

-

DMDA

Chemical category

-

diamine

Amine value

mg KOH g-1

531

State

-

solid

Color

-

opaque, amber

Melting/Freezing point

o

Density at 20oC

kg m-3

Storage

20-25°C in originally closed, moisturetight containers. Shelf life 6 months.

Viscosity at 20oC

mPas (cP)

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

C

>104 1230

700

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Biodegradation probability

Readily

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Rhein Chemie/Lanxess

Outstanding properties

Eliminates air-bubbles and ensure pinhole free surfaces. Addolink 1708 can reduce transparency.

Recommended for resins

Used as a chain extender/crosslinker for the production of high-quality PUR (polyurethane) and PU (polyurea) elastomers. Addolink 1708 can also be used as a curative for modern epoxy resins. Addolink 1708 is especially suitable for the production of bubble-free polyurethane and epoxy coatings.

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

25

Addolink 3530 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Addolink 3530

Common name

Polyester polyol

Chemical category

-

Chemical composition

1,1,1-trimethylolpropane

diol

Hydroxyl number

mg KOH g-1

245

-

liquid

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES State Color

-

colorless to yellow

Density at 20 C

kg m

Viscosity at 25oC

mPas (cP)

o

-3

1220 300

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Rhein Chemie/Lanxess

Outstanding properties

Best low temperature flexibility & low volatility

Recommended for resins

PUR elastomers, hot-casted

Crosslinking process

Glycol crosslinking.

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

26

Addolink B PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Addolink B

CAS #

-

110-63-4

Formula

HO

OH

Chemical category

-

diol

Chemical composition

95-100% 1,4 butanediol

Hydroxyl number

mg KOH g-1

1245

State

-

liquid

Color

-

clear, colorless

Boiling point

o

C

Melting/Freezing point

o

C

Density at 20oC

kg m-3

1017

Solubility in water at 20oC

g l-1

miscible, hygroscopic

Storage

At 25oC in firmly closed original containers. Shelf life 24 months from manufacturing date. If stored at lower temperatures the product may thicken, become cloudy or solidify at the pour point. This process can be reversed by liquefying the product, e. g. for as short time at max. 50°C, or for several days at 30oC

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

228 19.5/pour point

Vapor pressure at 25oC

kPa

0.001

Viscosity at 20 C

mPas (cP)

72

Flammability

1

Health

1

Reactivity

0

Flammability

1

Health

1

Reactivity

0

o

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

HMIS classification

DOT class

Not regulated

ICAO/IATA class

Not regulated

IMDG class

Not regulated

Autoignition temperature

o

C

Flash point

o

C

Acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg

385 135 -1

>2000/ 1.4-butanediol

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

27

Addolink B PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Acute toxicity, Rat dermal LD50

mg kg-1

>2000/ 1.4-butanediol

Acute toxicity, Rat inhalation, LC50

mg l-1

>5.1/4H/dust and mists/ 1.4-butanediol

Ingestion

Harmful if swallowed. May cause drowsiness and dizziness. May cause damage to organs through prolonged exposure

Skin irritation

No known significant effects or critical hazards

Eye irritation

No known significant effects or critical hazards

Inhalation

Can cause central nervous system (CNS) depression

First aid: eyes

Rinse opened eye for several at least 15 minutes, under running water. Remove any contact lenses. Get medical attention.

First aid: skin

Wash with plenty of soap and water. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash contaminated clothing thoroughly with water before removing it.

First aid: inhalation

Move person into fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. Consult a physician.

Carcinogenicity

NTP, IARC, OSHA not considered to be carcinogen.

Mutagenic properties

Negative

Teratogenicity

No teratogenicity effect observed

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Aquatic toxicity, Algae, NOEC Aquatic toxicity, Daphnia magna, 48-h LC50

mg l-1

>500/72H

mg l

813

-1

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Rhein Chemie/Lanxess

Outstanding properties

Addolink B also affects the physical properties of the finished product. It increases the material's hardness and improves the abrasion and heat resistance.

Recommended for resins

PUR elastomers, hot and cold cast.

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

28

Addolink B PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Tips for application

Addition of Addolink B depends on the demands to be made on the finished product and can be varied between 2 and 10 parts by weight 100 parts by weight polyol. As the pour point of Addolink B is relatively high, temperatures above 22°C are needed for satisfactory processing.

Crosslinking process

Glycol crosslinking. The reaction between Addolink B and isocyanates leads to the formation of the hard polyurethane segments. The speed with which these hard segments are formed in the reaction mixture reduces the demolding time.

Dose

phr

2-10

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

29

Addolink H PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Addolink H

Chemical category

-

Chemical composition

>99% 1,4-Butanediol with special activator

Hydroxyl number

mg KOH g-1

1245

State

-

liquid

Color

-

colorless

Melting/Freezing point

o

Density at 20oC

kg m-3

Storage

At 20-25oC in firmly closed original containers. Shelf life 24 months from manufacturing date. If stored at lower temperatures the product may thicken, become cloudy or solidify at the pour point. This process can be reversed by liquefying the product, e.g. for as short time at max. 50°C or for several days at 30oC

Viscosity at 20oC

mPas (cP)

diol

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

C

18/pour point 1020

72

HEALTH & SAFETY Flash point

o

C

135

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Rhein Chemie/Lanxess

Outstanding properties

Non-toxic, low temperature flexibility, heat stability. Addolink H extends the casting and demolding time

Recommended for resins

PUR elastomer, hard hot-casted

Tips for application

Used particularly for hard hot cast elastomers which casting times would be too short owing to the presence of a high proportion of crosslinking agent. As Addolink H is miscible at all ratios with Addolink B, optimal casting times can be obtained. Addolink H contains an acidic retarder and may corrode pumps and piping.

Crosslinking process

Glycol crosslinking.

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

30

Addolink R PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Addolink R

Chemical category

-

Chemical composition

1,4-Butanediol with special activator

Hydroxyl number

mg KOH g-1

diol 1245

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES State

-

liquid

Color

-

clear, colorless

Melting/Freezing point

o

C

18

Density at 20 C

kg m

Solubility in water at 20oC

g l-1

Storage

At 20-25oC in firmly closed original containers. Shelf life 24 months from manufacturing date. If stored at lower temperatures the product may thicken, become cloudy or solidify at the pour point. This process can be reversed by liquefying the product, e.g. for as short time at max. 50°C or for several days at 30oC

Viscosity at 20oC

mPas (cP)

o

-3

1020 miscible with water, hygroscopic

72

HEALTH & SAFETY Flash point

o

C

135

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Rhein Chemie/Lanxess

Recommended for resins

PUR elastomer, soft hot-casted

Tips for application

Addolink R gives shorter casting and demolding times than Addolink B. It is used particularly in the production of soft hot-curing cast elastomers whose casting times would be too long if Addolink B were used. The accelerating effect of Addolink R is so strong, however, that this product is always mixed with Addolink B, with which it is miscible at all ratios. The most suitable Addolink R/Addolink B ratio for the system in question should be determined in advance

Crosslinking process

Glycol crosslinking.

Dose

phr

2-10

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

31

Addolink TR PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Addolink TR

Acronym

-

TMP

Chemical category

-

diol

Chemical composition

1,1,1-trimethylolpropane

Hydroxyl number

mg KOH g-1

1235

State

-

solid

Color

-

colorless

Melting/Freezing point

o

Density at 20oC

kg m-3

1120

Solubility in water at 20oC

g l-1

miscible with water, hygroscopic

Storage

At 25oC in firmly closed original containers. Shelf life 24 months from manufacturing date.

Viscosity at 25oC

mPas (cP)

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

C

58.5

230

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Rhein Chemie/Lanxess

Outstanding properties

Resistance to heat & light, low temperature flexibility. Reduces the Shore hardness of soft elastomers. It also improves their resistance to swelling, but reduces their tear strength. In hard elastomers it reduces shrinkage phenomena and stress cracking.

Recommended for resins

PUR elastomers, hot and cold cast

Tips for application

Addolink TR is miscible with Addolink B and Addolink® R at all ratios. The reaction between Addolink TR and polyisocyanates leads to three-dimensional crosslinking of the hard segments, which reduces the segregation of the hard and soft segments in the elastomer.

Crosslinking process

Glycol crosslinking.

Dose

phr

2-10

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

32

Addolink TT PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Addolink TT

CAS #

-

26747-90-0

Chemical category

-

isocyanate

Chemical composition

98% Dimeric toluene-2,4-diisocyanate, 140

Solubility in water at 25 C

gl

Storage

under cool and dry conditions and in firmly closed original containers. Shelf life 24 months.

o

Insoluble

-1

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

HMIS classification

Flammability

1

Health

1

Reactivity

0

Flammability

1

Health

1

Reactivity

0

DOT class

Not regulated

ICAO/IATA class

Not regulated

IMDG class

Not regulated

Flash point

o

C

>300

Flash point method

-

Maximum concentration, 15 min., ACGIH

mg m-3

CC 0.02

Acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg

-1

>5000

Acute toxicity, Rabbit dermal LD50

mg kg-1

>9400

Acute toxicity, Rat inhalation, LC50

mg l

236.5/4H/ dust and mists

Ingestion

No known significant effects or critical hazards

-1

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

33

Addolink TT PARAMETER

UNIT

Skin irritation

No known significant effects or critical hazards. Persons previously sensitized can experience allergic skin reaction with symptoms of reddening, itching, swelling, and rash.

Eye irritation

No known significant effects or critical hazards

Inhalation

No known significant effects or critical hazards.

First aid: eyes

Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Check for and remove any contact lenses. Get medical attention if irritation occurs.

First aid: skin

Flush contaminated skin with plenty of water. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Get medical attention if symptoms occur.

First aid: inhalation

Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. Get medical attention if symptoms occur.

Carcinogenicity

Toluene diisocyanate dimer: NTP, IARC, OSHA; Not classified. Toluene diisocyanate mxed Isomers: NTP anticipant, IARC 2B possibility carcinogenic to humans, OSHA not classified

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Aquatic toxicity, Algae, NOEC Aquatic toxicity, Daphnia magna, 48-h LC50

VALUE

mg l-1

3230/96H

mg l-1

12.5

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Rhein Chemie/Lanxess

Outstanding properties

Improves the adhesion of polyester, polyamide or aramide fabrics to plasticized PVC, improves the adhesion of polyester, polyamide or aramide fabric to rubber.

Recommended for resins

Bonding agent to improve the adhesion of fabrics (polyester, polyamide, aramide) to plasticized PVC or rubber and for the manufacture of 1 K-PUR micro-encapsulated adhesive-sealant systems. PUR elastomers, hot and cold cast.

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

34

Addolink TT PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Tips for application

Used to improve the adhesion of polyester, polyamide or aramide fabric to rubber. For this, the fabric must be pretreated with a special spin finish. For this application, Addolink TT should be made up into a 50 % aqueous dispersion. The following latices have proven particularly suitable for pretreating the fabric in combination with: Pyratex 221, Pyratex 240, Pyratex 241. The aqueous impregnating mixture required for the spin finish should contain formaldehyde and thixotropic agents besides products such as Bunatex VP PU 2110 and Addolink TT. After the fabric has been impregnated, it is dried and condensed at 225 - 240 °C.

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

35

Ajicure PN-23 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Ajicure PN-23

Chemical category

-

imidazole

State

-

solid

Color

-

pale yellow

Melting/Freezing point

o

Density at 20oC

kg m-3

1210

Gel time 100oC

min.

4

Glass transition temperature

o

Particle size

m

10-12

month

1

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Pot life at 40 C o

C

C

100 (soft. point)

140

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Ajinomoto Fine-Techno Co., Inc.

Outstanding properties

Fine particles may disperse easily in epoxy resin, high safety, high reactivity, making the resin possible to cure at 80ºC, high storage stability and longer pot life, superior heat and water resistance of applied materials

Recommended for resins

Used for multi-functional one-component epoxy resin as hardeners and accelerators.

Recommended for products

Electronic components and parts, civil engineering and construction, automobiles, composite materials

Tips for application

When Ajicure PN-23 is formulated into epoxy resin (DGEBA) at a level of 20 phr, the mixture obtained has a long pot life and is stable for a month or over even at 40oC In addition to the long pot life, the mixture can be cured at 80120oC in 30-60 min. providing a high Tg and good mechanical properties.

Dose, phr

15-25/curing; 1-5 accelerator

Optional curing time

min.

Reactive groups

Amine adduct

Suggested curing temperature

o

C

30 80

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

36

Ajicure UDH PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Ajicure UDH

CAS #

-

72940-70-3

Acronym

-

UDH

Molecular mass

g mol-1 (daltons)

366

Chemical category

-

imidazole

Amine equivalent weight

g eq.

-1

91.5

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES State

-

Melting/Freezing point

o

Density at 20oC

kg m-3

1150

Solubility in water at 20oC

g l-1

50

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

160

Carbodilite V-02 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Carbodilite V-02

Acronym

-

CDI

Chemical category

carbodiimide (non-ionic)

Carbodiimide equivalent

g mol-1

Chemical composition

40% polycarbodiimide resin, 60% deionized-water

Solvent content

%

40

State

-

liquid

Color

transparent, pale yellow

590

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

pH Viscosity at 20 C o

-

9-12

mPas (cP)

30

HEALTH & SAFETY International chemical inventories

RECH Europe, TSCA USA, MITI Japan, ECL Korea

Acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg-1

>2000

Acute toxicity, Rat dermal LD50

mg kg

>2000

Eye irritation

Non irritant

Mutagenic properties

Negative

-1

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Nisshinbo Chemicals Inc.

Outstanding properties

Non toxic, and environment friendly (VOC free). Provides water/chemical resistance, adhesion, excellent flexibility, excellent alkali resistance. Long pot life.

Recommended for resins

Acrylics, acrylic copolymers, polyuretanes (PU), polyurethane dispersion (PUD)

Recommended for products

Crosslinking agent for waterborne resins, paints, inks, adhesives and coatings

Crosslinking target

Coupling with activates carboxyl groups

Dose

phr

Reactive groups

primary amines

Suggested curing temperature

o

C

3-7 >80

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

161

Carbodilite V-02-L2 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Carbodilite V-02-L2

Acronym

-

CDI

Chemical category

carbodiimide (non-ionic)

Carbodiimide equivalent

g mol-1

Chemical composition

40% polycarbodiimide resin, 60% deionized-water

Solvent content

%

40

State

-

liquid

Color

transparent, pale yellow

385

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

pH Viscosity at 20 C o

-

8-11

mPas (cP)

100

HEALTH & SAFETY International chemical inventories

RECH Europe, TSCA USA, MITI Japan, ECL Korea

Acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg-1

>2000

Acute toxicity, Rat dermal LD50

mg kg

>2000

Eye irritation

Non irritant

Mutagenic properties

Negative

-1

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Nisshinbo Chemicals Inc.

Outstanding properties

High-NCN. Non-toxic, and environment friendly (VOC free). Provides water/ chemical resistance, adhesion, excellent flexibility.

Recommended for resins

Acrylics, acrylic copolymers, polyuretanes (PU), polyurethane dispersion (PUD)

Recommended for products

Crosslinking agent for waterborne resins, paints, inks, adhesives and coatings

Crosslinking target

Coupling with activates carboxyl groups

Dose

phr

Reactive groups

primary amines

Suggested curing temperature

o

C

3-7 >80

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

162

Carbodilite V-04 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Carbodilite V-04

Acronym

-

CDI

Chemical category

carbodiimide (non-ionic)

Carbodiimide equivalent

g mol-1

Chemical composition

40% polycarbodiimide resin, 60% deionized-water

Solvent content

%

40

State

-

liquid

Color

transparent, pale yellow

335

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

pH Viscosity at 20 C o

-

6-9

mPas (cP)

150

HEALTH & SAFETY International chemical inventories

RECH Europe, TSCA USA, MITI Japan, ECL Korea

Acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg-1

>2000

Acute toxicity, Rat dermal LD50

mg kg

>2000

Eye irritation

Non irritant

Mutagenic properties

Negative

-1

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Nisshinbo Chemicals Inc.

Outstanding properties

Anti-hydrolysis and adhesion. Non toxic, and environment friendly (VOC free).

Recommended for resins

Acrylics, acrylic copolymers, polyuretanes (PU), polyurethane dispersion (PUD)

Recommended for products

Crosslinking agent for waterborne resins, paints, inks, adhesives and coatings

Crosslinking target

Coupling with activates carboxyl groups

Dose

phr

Reactive groups

primary amines

Suggested curing temperature

o

C

3-7 >20

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

163

Carbodilite V-10 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Carbodilite V-10

Acronym

-

CDI

Chemical category

carbodiimide (non-ionic)

Carbodiimide equivalent

g mol-1

Chemical composition

40% polycarbodiimide resin, 60% deionized-water

Solvent content

%

40

State

-

liquid

Color

transparent, pale yellow

410

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

pH Viscosity at 20 C o

-

9-12

mPas (cP)

100

HEALTH & SAFETY International chemical inventories

RECH Europe, TSCA USA, MITI Japan, ECL Korea

Acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg-1

>2000

Acute toxicity, Rat dermal LD50

mg kg

>2000

Eye irritation

Non irritant

Mutagenic properties

Negative

-1

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Nisshinbo Chemicals Inc.

Outstanding properties

Fast cure.Non toxic, and environment friendly (VOC free). Provides water/ chemical resistance, adhesion, excellent flexibility.

Recommended for resins

Acrylics, acrylic copolymers, polyuretanes (PU), polyurethane dispersion (PUD)

Recommended for products

Crosslinking agent for waterborne resins, paints, inks, adhesives and coatings

Crosslinking target

Coupling with activates carboxyl groups

Dose

phr

Reactive groups

primary amines

Suggested curing temperature

o

C

3-7 >20

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

164

Compimide MDAB PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Compimide MDAB

CAS #

-

Common name

1,1′-(Methylenedi-4,1-phenylene) bismaleimide

Acronym

-

Formula

13676-54-5

BMI or BDM O

O

N

N

O

O

Chemical category

-

bismaleimide

EC number

-

237-163-4

Assay

%

>94

Chemical composition

4,4’-Bismaleimidodiphenylmethane

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES State

-

Boiling point

o

C

solid 157-163

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Evonik

Outstanding properties

Compimide bismaleimide matrix resins are characterized by high glass transition temperature (Tg) and they improved high temperature performance over epoxies and cyanate esters.

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

165

Compimide TM123 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Compimide TM123

CAS #

-

Common name

4,4′-Bis[2-(1-propenyl)phenoxy]benzophenone, mixture of cis and trans

109423-33-8

Formula

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES State

-

Boiling point

o

C

solid 118-123

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Evonik

Outstanding properties

Toughening modifiers are designed to be used with Compimide bismaleimide monomers, primarily to improve the processing and the toughness of cured composites.

Recommended for products

Used in adhesives

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

166

Coupling Agent Si-69 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Coupling Agent Si-69

CAS #

-

Common name

Bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl] tetrasulfide

Empirical formula

-

40372-72-3 C18H42O6S4Si2

Formula

Molecular mass

g mol-1 (daltons)

538.95

Chemical category

-

silane

EC number

-

254-896-5

State

-

liquid

Color

-

clear, light yellow

Melting/Freezing point

o

Density at 20oC

kg m-3

Storage temperature

o

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

C

-80

C

1100 10-40 (12 months)

Vapor pressure at 20 C

kPa

0.001

Viscosity at 20oC

mPas (cP)

12

Flammability

0

Health

1

Reactivity

0

o

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

International chemical inventories

ELINCS Europe, TSCA USA, AICS Australia, DSL Canada, ENCS Japan, IECSC China, KECI Korea, PICCS Philippines, TECSI Taiwan

Autoignition temperature

o

C

240

Flash point

o

C

>94

Flash point method

-

Hazardous thermal decomposition products

Carbon oxides (CO, CO2), hydrogen sulfide, ethanol

MCC

Acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg-1

>17500

Acute toxicity, Rabbit dermal LD50

mg kg-1

>2000

Acute toxicity, Rat inhalation, LC50

mg l

7.967/4H/dust/mist

-1

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Aquatic toxicity, Algae, NOEC

mg l-1

1000/96H

Aquatic toxicity, Daphnia magna, 48-h LC50

mg l

10

-1

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

167

Coupling Agent Si-69 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Evonik

Recommended for resins

Used in almost all fields of rubber industry when silanol group containing white fillers are used and optimum technical properties are required

Spacer arm length

Å (angstrom)

3.7/average sulfur chain length

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

168

Crosslinker 100 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Crosslinker 100

Common name

Polydimethylsiloxane

Chemical category

-

Chemical composition

Dimethyl siloxane-methyl hydrogen siloxane copolymer

silane

SiH content

mmol g-1

7.8

-

clear, colorless

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Color Refractive index at 20 C

-

1.402

Density at 25oC

kg m-3

~1000

Storage temperature

o

Viscosity at 25oC

mPas (cP)

o

C

up to 30°C in sealed containers 45

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Evonik

Recommended for resins

Vinyl-functional silicone polymers

Recommended for products

Adhesives, sealants

Reactive groups

terminal SiH groups

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

169

Crosslinker 110 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Crosslinker 110

Common name

Polydimethylsiloxane

Chemical composition

Dimethyl siloxane-methyl hydrogen siloxane copolymer

SiH content

mmol g-1

3.8

-

clear, colorless

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Color Refractive index at 20 C

-

o

1.403

Density at 25 C

kg m

Storage temperature

o

Viscosity at 25oC

mPas (cP)

o

-3

C

~1000 up to 30°C in sealed containers 100

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Evonik

Recommended for resins

Vinyl-functional silicone polymers

Recommended for products

Adhesives, sealants

Reactive groups

terminal SiH groups

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

170

Crosslinker 120 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Crosslinker 120

Common name

Polydimethylsiloxane

Chemical category

-

Chemical composition

Dimethyl siloxane-methyl hydrogen siloxane copolymer

silane

SiH content

mmol g-1

1.1

-

clear, colorless

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Color Refractive index at 20 C

-

1.4045

Density at 25oC

kg m-3

~1000

Storage temperature

o

Viscosity at 25oC

mPas (cP)

o

C

up to 30°C in sealed containers 500

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Evonik

Recommended for resins

Vinyl-functional silicone polymers

Recommended for products

Adhesives, sealants

Reactive groups

terminal SiH groups

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

171

Crosslinker 180 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Crosslinker 180

Common name

Polydimethylsiloxane

Chemical category

-

silane

SiH content

mmol g-1

1.9 clear, colorless

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Color

-

Refractive index at 20oC

-

Density at 25 C

kg m

Storage temperature

o

Viscosity at 25oC

mPas (cP)

o

1.4035 -3

C

~1000 up to 30°C in sealed containers 50

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Evonik

Recommended for resins

Vinyl-functional silicone polymers

Recommended for products

Adhesives, sealants

Reactive groups

terminal SiH groups

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

172

Crosslinker 190 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Crosslinker 190

Common name

Polydimethylsiloxane

Chemical category

-

silane

SiH content

mmol g-1

16 clear, colorless

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Color

-

Refractive index at 20oC

-

Density at 25 C

kg m

Storage temperature

o

Viscosity at 25oC

mPas (cP)

o

1.3975 -3

C

~1000 up to 30°C in sealed containers 20

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Evonik

Recommended for resins

Vinyl-functional silicone polymers

Recommended for products

Adhesives, sealants

Reactive groups

terminal SiH groups

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

173

Crosslinker AC 10 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Crosslinker AC 10

CAS #

-

Common name

Oxime silane

Common synonym

Ethyltriacetoxysilane

Acronym

-

ETAS

Chemical category

-

silane

17689-77-9

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Boiling point

o

Refractive index at 20 C o

C

-

180 1.412

HEALTH & SAFETY Flash point

o

C

>106

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Evonik

Recommended for resins

Elastomer, silicone. hydroxyfunctionalized silicone polymers (polymer OH) are crosslinked to obtain silicone elastomers under the effect of a catalyst and moisture.

Recommended for products

Moisture-curing silicone sealants

Formulation examples

Evonik offers both pure acetoxy silanes which can be employed either in pure form or in mixtures with other components and mixtures of different acetoxy silanes which can be used directly in corresponding formulations.

Crosslinking process

AC 10 has lowest reactivity

Crosslinking target

Hydroxyl functionalized group

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

174

Crosslinker AC 30 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Crosslinker AC 30

CAS #

-

Common name

Oxime silane

Common synonym

Methyltriacetoxysilane

Acronym

-

MTAS

Chemical category

-

silane

4253-34-3

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Boiling point

o

Refractive index at 20 C o

C

-

87 at 0.267 kPa 1.454

HEALTH & SAFETY Flash point

o

C

82

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Evonik

Recommended for resins

Elastomers, silicone

Recommended for products

Moisture-curing silicone sealants

Formulation examples

Evonik offers both pure acetoxy silanes which can be employed either in pure form or in mixtures with other components and mixtures of different acetoxy silanes which can be used directly in corresponding formulations.

Crosslinking process

AC10175 (decomp.) -30 -3

1070-1080

Kinematic viscosity at 20 C

cSt

Solubility in solvents

acetone, xylene, isopropanol, n-butyl acetate, carbitol, and butyl carbitol.

o

185

Vapor pressure at 20oC

kPa

99 -1

6.77

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

o

Viscosity at 25 C o

C

-15 -3

1100

HEALTH & SAFETY Flash point

o

C

>100

Flash point method

-

Hazardous thermal decomposition products

Carbon oxides (CO, CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx)

Acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg-1

Carcinogenicity

IARC, OSHA, NTP: No component of this product present at levels greater than or equal to 0.1% is identified as probable, possible or confirmed human carcinogen.

TCC

980

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

180

Crosslinker HD105 PARAMETER

UNIT

UN risk phrases, R

R22,R36/37/38

VALUE

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Shanghai Holdenchem Co.,Ltd.

Outstanding properties

Improves strength and flexibility, solvent resistance, alcohol and water resistance, hardness and adhesion to difficult substrates.

Recommended for resins

Acrylic, PE

Recommended for products

Crosslinker for textile and leather coatings, industrial coatings, inks, adhesives and films to improve strength and flexibility, solvent resistance, alcohol and water resistance, hardness and adhesion to difficult substrates.

Tips for application

Polyfunctional aziridine crosslinker, HD-105, is added to water based acrylic emulsions or polyurethane dispersions

Crosslinking process

HD105, is added slowly, to formulated systems at pH 8 to 9.5

Dose

%

Suggested curing temperature

Cured at room temperature; 60-80oC heating gives better crosslinking performance

1-3

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

181

Crosslinker HD110 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Crosslinker HD110

CAS #

-

IUPAC name

[2,2-bis[3-(aziridin-1-yl) propanoyloxymethyl]-3-hydroxypropyl] 3-(aziridin-1-yl)propanoate

Common name

Pentaerythritol tris(3-(1-aziridinyl)propionate)

Acronym

-

TAZO

Empirical formula

-

C20H33N3O7

57116-45-7

Formula

N

O OH N

O O

O O

O

N

Molecular mass

g mol-1 (daltons)

427.5

Chemical category

-

aziridine

EC number

-

260-568-2

Assay

%

Aziridine content

meq g

Solids content

%

>99

State

-

liquid

Color

clear, pale yellowish

>99 -1

6.74

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

C

-10

Melting/Freezing point

o

Density at 25 C

kg m

Solubility in solvents

common organic solvents

Solubility in water at 20oC

g l-1

miscible

Vapor pressure at 20 C

kPa

0.0133 4000

o

o

-3

1180-1200

Viscosity at 25 C

mPas (cP)

Eye irritation

Causes serious eye damage.

Inhalation

May cause respiratory irritation.

Mutagenic properties

Suspected of causing genetic defects

o

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Shanghai Holdenchem

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

182

Crosslinker HD110 PARAMETER

UNIT

Outstanding properties

Imparts strength, flexibility, improves the solvent resistance, alcohol and water resistance. It increases the hardness, and upgrades adhesion to difficult substrate. Improves adhesion to varied substrates, increases scuff resistance and chemical resistance. Offers faster cure time. Also improves black heal resistance, abrasion resistance and wear resistance.

Recommended for resins

Acrylics, acrylic copolymers, polyuretanes

Recommended for products

Used in printing inks, wood coatings, leather and textile coatings.

Crosslinking process

pH 8-9.5 at temperature 60-80oC, heating can get better crosslinking performance

Dose

phr

Suggested curing temperature

o

C

VALUE

1-3 60-80

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

183

Crosslinker OX 10 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Crosslinker OX 10

CAS #

-

Common name

Oxime silane

Common synonym

Methyltris(methylethylketoxime)silane

Acronym

-

MOS

Chemical category

-

silane

22984-54-9

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Color

clear, colorless to yellowish

Boiling point

o

Refractive index at 20oC

-

1.455-1.483

Density at 25oC

kg m-3

980

Storage temperature

o

C

up to 30°C in sealed containers

o

C

>95

C

>200

HEALTH & SAFETY Flash point

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Evonik

Outstanding properties

Crosslinking agent. Sealing compounds based on Crosslinker OX can be used even on sensitive substrates such as marble.

Recommended for resins

Silicones

Recommended for products

Sealants: used for the manufacture of neutral curing silicone sealants for interior construction applications. Offers low odor. Possesses low reactivity, moderate skin formation time and curing rate and no early stress resistance.

Crosslinking process

Using Crosslinker OX silane compounds, hydroxy-functionalized silicone polymers are crosslinked to obtain a silicone elastomer under the effect of a catalyst and moisture. No acetic acid or amine is released in contrast to acid or alkaline crosslinking systems

Dose

phr

Reactive groups

hydroxyl

4-6

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

184

Crosslinker OX 20 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Crosslinker OX 20

CAS #

-

Common name

Oxime silane

Common synonym

Vinyltris(methylethylketoxime)silane

Acronym

-

VOS

Chemical category

-

silane

-

liquid

Odor

-

low odor

Color

clear, colorless to yellow

Boiling point

o

2224-33-1

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES State

C

113 at 0.0133 kPa

Refractive index at 20 C

-

1.455-1.483

Density at 25oC

kg m-3

980

Storage temperature

o

C

up to 30°C in sealed containers

o

C

>95

o

HEALTH & SAFETY Flash point

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Evonik

Recommended for resins

Silicones

Recommended for products

Used for the manufacture of neutral curing silicone sealants for exterior and window joints.

Formulation examples

Mixing different Crosslinker OX types enables setting the rate of a formulation precisely, i. e. skin-over time, curing rate and time to first elastic recovery.

Crosslinking process

Mixing different Crosslinker OX types enables setting the rate of a formulation precisely, i. e. skin-over time, curing rate and time to first elastic recovery.

Dose

phr

Reactive groups

amine, carboxyl, hydroxyl, and thiol functionality

4-6

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

185

Crosslinker OX 30 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Crosslinker OX 30

Common name

Oxime silane

Acronym

-

TOS

Chemical category

-

silane

State

-

liquid

Color

clear, colorless to yellow

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Refractive index at 20oC

-

Density at 25 C

kg m

Storage temperature

o

o

1.455-1.483 -3

C

980 up to 30°C in sealed containers

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Evonik

Recommended for resins

Silicones

Recommended for products

Pre-formed tape, gasket

Crosslinking process

Mixing different Crosslinker OX types enables setting the rate of a formulation precisely, i. e. skin-over time, curing rate and time to first elastic recovery.

Dose

phr

Reactive groups

amine, carboxyl, hydroxyl, and thiol functionality

4-6

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

186

Cymel 303 LF PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Cymel 303 LF

Chemical category

-

melamine

Assay

%

98

Chemical composition

>98% Highly methylated, monomeric melamine, (impurities: 2000

>93 PMCC

-1

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Aquatic toxicity, Bluegill sunfish, 4-d LC50

mg l-1

>603

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Allnex Belgium SA/NV

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

187

Cymel 303 LF PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Outstanding properties

Excellent compatibility with water-soluble backbone polymers and provides very good stability in amine-stabilized waterborne formulations. Solvent free, excellent balance of hardness and flexibility, fast catalyzed cure response, excellent stability, low free formaldehyde.

Recommended for resins

Highly effective crosslinker for backbone polymer resins containing hydroxyl, carboxyl, or amide functional groups such as acrylic resins, alkyd resins, polyester resins, epoxy resins

Recommended for products

Effective crosslinking agent for a broad range of applications such as can, container, automotive, coil coatings, can and container coatings, automotive finishes, high solids and waterborne coatings, general industrial finishes, inks.

Dose

%

Optional curing temperature

o

C

15-20

Suggested curing temperature

o

C

120-150

0.5-1.0 on total resin solids

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

188

Cymel NF 2000 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Cymel NF 2000

Chemical category

-

melamine

Assay

%

48-52

Chemical composition

48-52% Isobutoxymethyl methylol melamine in butanol

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES State

-

liquid

Color, platinum-cobalt scale

-

Density at 20 C

kg m

Solubility in solvents

Butanol, xylene

Solubility in water at 20oC

g l-1

insoluble

Viscosity at 25 C

mPas (cP)

10-50

o

o

98% Adipic dihydrazide

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES State

-

solid/crystalline

Color

-

white

Melting/Freezing point

o

C

177-184

o

C

>150

HEALTH & SAFETY Flash point

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Eutec Chemical Co. Ltd.

Recommended for resins

Used as a epoxy curing agent

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

289

Eutomer DAAM PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Eutomer DAAM

CAS #

-

Common name

Diacetone acrylamide

Acronym

-

DAAM

Empirical formula

-

C9H15NO3

2873-97-4

Formula

H N O

O

Chemical category

-

acrylamide

EC number

-

220-713-2

Assay

%

>99

Chemical composition

>99% Diacetone acrylamide

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES State

-

solid/crystalline

Color

-

white to yellow

Melting/Freezing point

o

C

54 (softening point)

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Eutec Chemical Co. Ltd.

Recommended for resins

Useful as a curing agents for polyfunctional epoxy compound, and as reforming agents for synthetic resins and synthetic fibers. Due to its difunctional property, it is also used for production of polymers.

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

290

Eutomer SDH PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Eutomer SDH

CAS #

-

Common name

Succinic dihydrazide

Common synonym

Butanediohydrazide

Acronym

-

Empirical formula

-

4146-43-4

SDH C4H10N4O2

Formula

H H2N

O

N

N

NH2

H

O

RTECS number

-

WM7500000

Chemical category

-

hydrazide

Assay

%

>98

Chemical composition

>98% Succinic dihydrazide

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES State

-

solid/crystalline

Color

-

white

Melting/Freezing point

o

Ash content

%

C

167-170 96

Chemical composition

>96% Di(tert-butylperoxyisopropyl) benzene

C20H34O4 -1

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES State

-

solid

Color

-

light yellow

Melting/Freezing point

o

Density at 20 C

kg m

Half-life time

h, min

10 h/114oC; 1 h/134; 1 min/156

pH

-

7

Solubility in solvents

Soluble in most organic solvents

Solubility in water at 20oC

g l-1

Storage temperature

o

C

90% Di(tert-butylperoxyisopropyl)benzene ) 5.2

ICAO/IATA class

Organic peroxide type D, solid (>90% Di(tert-butylperoxyisopropyl)benzene ) 5.2

IMDG class

Organic peroxide type D, solid (>90% Di(tert-butylperoxyisopropyl)benzene ) 5.2

Self-accelerating decomposition temperature

o

C

80

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

359

Perkadox 14S-FL PARAMETER

UNIT

Hazardous thermal decomposition products

CO2, Carbon monoxide, Methane, tertButanol, Acetone, Bis(2-hydroxyisopropyl)benzene, Diacetylbenzene

Acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg-1

>5000

Acute toxicity, Rat dermal LD50

mg kg-1

>2000

Acute toxicity, Rat inhalation, LC50

mg l

>1.2

Carcinogenicity

Not listed: ACGIH, IARC, OSHA, NTP

UN/NA hazard class

3107

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Aquatic toxicity, Zebra fish, 96-h LC50

mg l-1

Biodegradation probability

Not readily biodegradable

-1

VALUE

750

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Akzo Nobel

Outstanding properties

Excellent scorch safety. Enhance better than other foamed materials in lightweight, coloration and abrasionresistance.

Recommended for resins

Crosslinking agent for natural synthetic rubbers, and thermoplastics polyolefines (NR, IR, BR, SBR, NBR, HNBR, AU (ester type), EPM, EPDM, PE, CM, EVA)

Recommended for products

Wire and cable (PE, EVA, EPT, XLPE, SEBS), sandals, slippers and shoe soles (EVA, DCP).

Tips for application

Avoid contact with reducing agents, (e.g. amines), acids. Alkalines and havy metal compounds (e.g. acceletators, driers, metal soaps)

Dose in phr

1.3 -2.5/NR, IR, 0.5-1.2/BR, 0.6-17/ CR; 1.1-2.3/SBR, 1.5-2.5/NBR, 3.8-6.3/ HNBR, 3.0-5.1/ AU (ester type), 3.8-6.3/ EPM, 3.8-6.3/EPDM, 0.8-4.2/PE, 3.85.9/CM,1.3-3.0/EVA, 0.4-0.8/Q

Suggested curing temperature

o

C

135

Suggested maximum compounding temperature

o

C

175

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

360

Perkadox BC-FF PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Perkadox BC-FF

CAS #

-

Common name

Peroxide, bis(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)

Empirical formula

-

80-43-3 C18 H22O2

Formula O

O

Molecular mass

g mol-1 (daltons)

270.4

Chemical category

-

peroxide

EC number

-

202-279-3

Active component content

%

5.86

Active oxygen content

%

5.92

Assay

%

99

Chemical composition

99% Dicumyl peroxide

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES State

-

solid

Color

-

white

Melting/Freezing point

o

Density at 25oC

kg m-3

Half-life time

10 h/112oC; 1 h/132; 1 min/154

C

39.5 1100

pH

-

7

Solubility in water at 20oC

g l-1

Immiscible

Storage temperature

o

C

4000

108

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Akzo Nobel

Recommended for resins

Crosslinking agent for natural and synthetic rubbers, and thermoplastics polyolefines (ABS, EVA, PA, PBT, PC, PE, PP, PS, EPDM, natural rubber, QM, VQM, silicone rubber, SBR, PSU, PEEK, PEKK, HIPS, PPE, PPS)

Recommended for products

Wire and cable.

Suggested curing temperature

o

C

130

Suggested maximum compounding temperature

o

C

170

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

362

Perkadox PM-50S-P PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Perkadox PM-50S-P

CAS #

-

Common name

Peroxide, bis(4-methylbenzoyl)

Formula

895-85-2 O O

O O

Molecular mass

g mol-1 (daltons)

270.4

Chemical category

-

peroxide

Active component content

%

2.09-3.02

Active oxygen content

%

5.91

Chemical composition

49-51% Di(4-methylbenzyol)peroxide in silicone oil

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES State

-

paste

Color

-

off-white

Storage temperature

o

C

5000

Carcinogenicity

None of the ingredients is listed.

Mutagenic properties

None of the ingredients is listed.

-1

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

495

Tyzor TE PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Teratogenicity

None of the ingredients is listed.

UN/NA hazard class

1993

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Dorf Ketal

Recommended for resins

Reacts with multifunctional polymers such as carbohydrates (e.g., cellulose, starch and guar gum), strong gels may be formed by crosslinking

Recommended for products

Effective crosslinking agent for dispersions of guar and its derivatives to form high-viscosity aqueous gels used in oil well fracturing applications. Effective cross-linking agent of carbohydratecoated latex particles for highly viscous thixotropic paints and for the pigments and binders in waterborne paints, such as acrylic paints.

Reactive groups

Reacts with water by hydrolysis to form a reactive hydroxy titanium chelate, which is stable in water for extended periods. The original or hydrated chelate can form complexes with organic -OH or -COOH groups

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

496

Unidyme 14 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Unidyme 14

CAS #

-

61788-89-4

Acronym

-

UVCB

Empirical formula

-

C36H64O4

Formula

O OH 2

Chemical category

-

dibasic acid

EC number

-

500-148-0

Chemical composition

100% Dimer fatty acid

Moisture content

wt%

1000

Ingestion

Harmful if swallowed

Skin irritation

Moderate skin irritant

C

>149 TOC -1

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

499

Vanax 808 HP PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Eye irritation

Irritating to the eyes.

Inhalation

May cause respiratory tract irritation.

First aid: eyes

Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Check for and remove any contact lenses. Continue to rinse for at least 10 minutes. Get medical attention.

First aid: skin

Wash with plenty of soap and water. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash contaminated clothing thoroughly with water before removing it, or wear gloves. Continue to rinse for at least 10 minutes. Get medical attention.

First aid: inhalation

Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. If not breathing, if breathing is irregular or if respiratory arrest occurs, provide artificial respiration or oxygen by trained personnel.

Carcinogenicity

No known significant effects or critical hazards

Mutagenic properties

No known significant effects or critical hazards.

Teratogenicity

No known significant effects or critical hazards.

UN risk phrases, R

R21/22; R36/38

UN safety phrases, S

S26

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Partition coefficient

log Kow

6.58

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Vanderbilt Chemicals

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

500

Varox 130-XL PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Varox 130-XL

CAS #

1068-27-5; 471-34-1; 7631-86-9

Acronym

-

DMBPHy

Chemical category

-

peroxide

Active oxygen content

%

5.03-5.36

Chemical composition

40-45% 2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-di-(tert-butyl peroxy) hexane-3; 35-39% carbonic acid calcium salt (1:1); 15-19% amorphous silica

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES State

-

solid, powder

Odor

-

mild

Color

-

off-white

Density at 20oC

kg m-3

1260

Flammability

2

Health

1

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

HMIS classification

Reactivity

3

Flammability

1

Health

2

Reactivity

3

DOT class

Organic peroxide type D, solid (45% 2, 5-Dimethyl-2,5-di-(tertbutylperoxy) hexyne-3), 5.2

ICAO/IATA class

Organic peroxide type D, solid (45% 2, 5-Dimethyl-2,5-di-(tertbutylperoxy) hexyne-3), 5.2

IMDG class

Organic peroxide type D, solid (45% 2, 5-Dimethyl-2,5-di-(tertbutylperoxy) hexyne-3), 5.2

International chemical inventories

EINECS Europe, DSL Canada, AICS Australia, IECSC China, MITI Japan, KECI Korea, NZIoC New Zealand, PICCS Philippines, TCSI Taiwan

Flash point

o

Flash point method

-

Acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg-1

>2000

Acute toxicity, Rat inhalation, LC50

mg l

>3/4H

C

88 OC -1

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

501

Varox 130-XL PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Ingestion

No known significant effects or critical hazards

Skin irritation

"No known significant effects or critical hazards. "

Eye irritation

Exposure to airborne concentrations above statutory or recommended exposure limits may cause irritation of the eyes.

Inhalation

Exposure to airborne concentrations above statutory or recommended exposure limits may cause irritation of the nose, throat and lungs.

First aid: eyes

Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Check for and remove any contact lenses. Continue to rinse for at least 10 minutes. Get medical attention

First aid: skin

Flush contaminated skin with plenty of water. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Continue to rinse for at least 10 minutes. Get medical attention. Wash clothing before reuse. Clean shoes thoroughly before reuse.

First aid: inhalation

Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. If not breathing, if breathing is irregular or if respiratory arrest occurs, provide artificial respiration or oxygen by trained personnel. It may be dangerous to the person providing aid to give mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Get medical attention if adverse health effects persist.

Carcinogenicity

No known significant effects or critical hazards.

Mutagenic properties

No known significant effects or critical hazards.

Teratogenicity

No known significant effects or critical hazards.

UN/NA hazard class

3106

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Vanderbilt Chemicals

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

502

Varox 130-XL PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Outstanding properties

Varox 130 not much sensitive to acidic materials

Recommended for resins

Crosslinking agent for PE and EVA.

Tips for application

If the use of acidic fillers is necessary, it is advisable to neutralize the compound with small quantities of basic metallic oxides (MgO, ZnO), or with amines (DPG, hexamethylene, tetramine, triethanolamine).

Crosslinking process

Organic peroxides work by decomposing to form free radicals when heated. These radicals then couple to create carbon-carbon bonds across polymer chains.

Dose

phr

0.4-1.5

Suggested curing temperature

o

C

138-182

Suggested maximum compounding temperature

o

C

103

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

503

Varox 230-XL PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Varox 230-XL

CAS #

995-33-5

Empirical formula

C17H34O6

Formula O O

O

O

O O

Molecular mass

g mol-1 (daltons)

334

Chemical category

-

peroxyketal

Active oxygen content

%

3.68-3.97

Chemical composition

38.5-41.53% n-Butyl 4,4di(t-butylperoxy)-valerate

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES State

-

Boiling point

o

solid

C

363.9

Melting/Freezing point

o

C

146

Refractive index at 20 C

-

1.4336

Density at 20oC

kg m-3

1410

o

HEALTH & SAFETY DOT class

Organic peroxide type E, solid, (40% n-butyl-4,4-bis(t-butylperoxy)valerate), 5.2, PG II

Flash point

o

C

151.9

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Vanderbilt Chemicals

Recommended for resins

CPE, CR, EPM/EPDM, EVA, HNBR, LDPE, NBR, NR or IR, SBR

Dose in %

7.5-14/CPE, 1.1-3.5/CR, 7.5-15/EPM/ EPDM, 3.5-6.5EVA, 7.5-15/HNBR, 3-5.5/ NBR, 2.5-5/NR or IR, 2-4.5/SBR

Suggested curing temperature

o

C

130-175

Suggested maximum compounding temperature

o

C

110

Food contact

177.26

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

504

Varox 231 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Varox 231

CAS #

6731-36-8

Formula

O

O O

Chemical category

t-Bu O

t-Bu

-

peroxide

Active oxygen content

%

9.18

Chemical composition

97% α, α'-Di(t-butylperoxy)diisopropylbenzene

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES State

-

Density at 25 C o

kg m

solid -3

935

HEALTH & SAFETY DOT class

Organic peroxide type F, solid (~90% 1, 1-di-(tert-butylperoxy) -3,3, 5-trimethylcyclohexane) 5.2

ICAO/IATA class

Organic peroxide type F, solid (~90% 1, 1-di-(tert-butylperoxy) -3,3, 5-trimethylcyclohexane) 5.2

IMDG class

Organic peroxide type F, solid (~90% 1, 1-di-(tert-butylperoxy) -3,3, 5-trimethylcyclohexane) 5.2

Acute toxicity, Rat inhalation, LC50

mg l-1

>800

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Vanderbilt Chemicals

Outstanding properties

Faster curing. Lower temperatures. No bloom

Tips for application

Varox 231 are perhaps the most sensitive to acidic materials

Suggested curing temperature

o

C

138-182

Suggested maximum compounding temperature

o

C

105

Food contact

177.26

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

505

Varox DBPH PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Varox DBPH

CAS #

78-63-7

IUPAC name

(1,1,4,4-tetramethyl-1,4-butanediyl) bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)

Acronym

-

DMBPHa

Chemical category

-

peroxide

Active oxygen content

%

10.25-10.47

Chemical composition

>90% 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(t-butylperoxy) hexane

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES State

-

liquid

Odor

-

ether-like

Color

-

colorless

Melting/Freezing point

o

C

8

Density at 20 C

kg m

Solubility in water at 20oC

g l-1

insoluble

Vapor density

air=1

>1

o

-3

880

Vapor pressure at 50 C

kPa

0.8 at 0.79 kPa

Viscosity at 20oC

mPas (cP)

8

Flammability

2

Health

2

Reactivity

2

Flammability

2

Health

2

Reactivity

2

o

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

HMIS classification

ADR/RID class

Organic Peroxide Type C, Solid (90% 2, 5-dimethyl-2,5-di-(tertbutyl peroxy) hexane), 5.2

DOT class

Organic Peroxide Type C, Solid (90% 2, 5-dimethyl-2,5-di-(tertbutyl peroxy) hexane), 5.2

ICAO/IATA class

Organic Peroxide Type E, Solid (90% 2, 5-dimethyl-2,5-di-(tertbutyl peroxy) hexane), 5.2

IMDG class

Organic Peroxide Type E, Solid (90% 2, 5-dimethyl-2,5-di-(tertbutyl peroxy) hexane), 5.2

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

506

Varox DBPH PARAMETER

UNIT

International chemical inventories

EINECS Europe, MITI Japan, KECI Korea, NZIoC New Zealand Inventory, PICCS Philippines, TCSI Taiwan

Flash point

o

Flash point method

-

Self-accelerating decomposition temperature

o

C

VALUE

74 OC

C

86

Acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg

-1

>2000

Acute toxicity, Rabbit dermal LD50

mg kg-1

>4100

Ingestion

No known significant effects or critical hazards

Skin irritation

Causes skin irritation.

Eye irritation

Causes serious eye irritation

Inhalation

Not know significant effect or critical hazard

First aid: eyes

Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Check for and remove any contact lenses. Continue to rinse for at least 10 minutes. Get medical attention.

First aid: skin

Flush contaminated skin with plenty of water. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Continue to rinse for at least 10 minutes. Get medical attention. Wash clothing before reuse. Clean shoes thoroughly before reuse.

First aid: inhalation

Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. If not breathing, if breathing is irregular or if respiratory arrest occurs, provide artificial respiration or oxygen by trained personnel.

Carcinogenicity

No known significant effects or critical hazards

Mutagenic properties

No known significant effects or critical hazards

Teratogenicity

No known significant effects or critical hazards

UN/NA hazard class

3108

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Aquatic toxicity, Algae, NOEC Aquatic toxicity, Daphnia magna, 48-h LC50

mg l-1

6.17/72H

mg l-1

>0.0065/504H

Bioconcentration factor

-

839

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

507

Varox DBPH PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Partition coefficient

log Kow

7.34

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Vanderbilt Chemicals

Outstanding properties

Maximize resistance to heat aging and compression set. No odor. No bloom. Varox DBPH not much sensitive to acidic materials. Characterized by high thermal stability. Complies with FDA 21 CFR 177.2600. Liquid at room temperature does not present any dispersion problems in silicone compounds. Has excellent scorch stability and is recommended for applications where UV stability and transparency are required.

Recommended for resins

Excellent crosslinking agent that can be used to vulcanize most elastomers and polyolefins such as PE, EPDM, EPM, and NBR.

Tips for application

If the use of acidic fillers is necessary, it is advisable to neutralize the compound with small quantities of basic metallic oxides (MgO, ZnO), or with amines (DPG, hexamethylene, tetramine, triethanolamine).

Crosslinking process

Organic peroxides work by decomposing to form free radicals when heated. These radicals then couple to create carbon-carbon bonds across polymer chains.

Dose

phr

0.4-1.5

Suggested curing temperature

o

C

160-205

Suggested maximum compounding temperature

o

C

145

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

508

Varox DBPH-50 SG PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Varox DBPH-50 SG

CAS #

78-63-7; 63148-62-9; 68083-19-2; 112926-00-8

IUPAC name

(1,1,4,4-tetramethyl-1,4-butanediyl) bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)

Acronym

-

DMBPHa

Chemical category

-

peroxide

Active oxygen content

%

4.56-5.2

Chemical composition

40-46% 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butylperoxy)hexane; 19-28% silicone oil; 16-25 silicone gum (dimethyl polymer); 5-13% silica gel, precipitated, crystalline free

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES State

-

solid/paste

Odor

-

menthol-like

Color

-

white to off-white

Density at 20oC

kg m-3

1090

Vapor density

air=1

>1

Flammability

1

Health

2

Reactivity

1

Flammability

1

Health

2

Reactivity

1

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

HMIS classification

ADR/RID class

Organic Peroxide Type E, Solid (50% 2, 5-dimethyl-2,5-di-(tertbutyl peroxy) hexane), 5.2

DOT class

Organic Peroxide Type E, Solid (50% 2, 5-dimethyl-2,5-di-(tertbutyl peroxy) hexane), 5.2

ICAO/IATA class

Organic Peroxide Type E, Solid (50% 2, 5-dimethyl-2,5-di-(tertbutyl peroxy) hexane), 5.2

IMDG class

Organic Peroxide Type E, Solid (50% 2, 5-dimethyl-2,5-di-(tertbutyl peroxy) hexane), 5.2

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

509

Varox DBPH-50 SG PARAMETER

UNIT

International chemical inventories

EINECS Europe, DSL Canada, AICS Australia, MITI Japan, KECI Korea, NZIoC New Zealand Inventory, PICCS Philippines, TCSI Taiwan

Self-accelerating decomposition temperature

o

Acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

C

VALUE

89

mg kg

-1

>2000

Acute toxicity, Rabbit dermal LD50

mg kg

-1

4100

Ingestion

Irritating to mouth, throat and stomach

Skin irritation

Skin corrosion/irritation - Category 2

Eye irritation

Serious eye damage/eye irritation Category 2A

Inhalation

No known significant effects or critical hazards

First aid: eyes

Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Check for and remove any contact lenses. Continue to rinse for at least 10 minutes. Get medical attention.

First aid: skin

Flush contaminated skin with plenty of water. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Continue to rinse for at least 10 minutes. Get medical attention. Wash clothing before reuse. Clean shoes thoroughly before reuse.

First aid: inhalation

Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. If not breathing, if breathing is irregular or if respiratory arrest occurs, provide artificial respiration or oxygen by trained personnel.

Carcinogenicity

IARC 3/2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butylperoxy)hexane

UN/NA hazard class

3108

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Aquatic toxicity, Algae, NOEC

mg l-1

6.17/72H

Aquatic toxicity, Daphnia magna, 48-h LC50

mg l

>0.0065/504H

Bioconcentration factor

-

839

Partition coefficient

log Kow

7.34

-1

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Vanderbilt Chemicals

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

510

Varox DBPH-50 SG PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Outstanding properties

Eliminates dust production during mixing and allows this material to be used in transparent silicone compounds

Recommended for resins

Silicone and fluorosilicone polymer formulations.

Tips for application

Peroxide systems are more versatile since they can be used to crosslink both saturated and unsaturated polymers, thereby providing a wider selection of elastomers, and more opportunities for cost savings.

Crosslinking process

Organic peroxides work by decomposing to form free radicals when heated. These radicals then couple to create carbon-carbon bonds across polymer chains.

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

511

Varox DBPH-P20 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Varox DBPH-P20

CAS #

9010-79-1; 78-63-7

IUPAC name

(1,1,4,4-tetramethyl-1,4-butanediyl) bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)

Acronym

-

DMBPHa

Chemical category

-

peroxide

Active oxygen content

%

2.09-2.31

Chemical composition

80% Ethylene-propylene copolymer, 19-21% 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(tertbutylperoxy)hexane

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES State

-

solid

Odor

-

mild

Color

-

white

Melting/Freezing point

o

Solubility in water at 20oC

g l-1

insoluble

Flammability

1

Health

2

Reactivity

1

Flammability

1

Health

2

Reactivity

1

C

160

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

HMIS classification

ADR/RID class

Organic Peroxide Type E, Solid (20% 2, 5-dimethyl-2,5-di-(tertbutyl peroxy) hexane), 5.2

DOT class

Organic Peroxide Type E, Solid (20% 2, 5-dimethyl-2,5-di-(tertbutyl peroxy) hexane), 5.2

ICAO/IATA class

Organic Peroxide Type E, Solid (20% 2, 5-dimethyl-2,5-di-(tertbutyl peroxy) hexane), 5.2

IMDG class

Organic Peroxide Type E, Solid (20% 2, 5-dimethyl-2,5-di-(tertbutyl peroxy) hexane), 5.2

International chemical inventories

EINECS Europe, DSL Canada, AICS Australia, MITI Japan, KECI Korea, NZIoC New Zealand, PICCS Philippines, TCSI Taiwan

Self-accelerating decomposition temperature

o

C

82

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

512

Varox DBPH-P20 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50

mg kg-1

>2000

Acute toxicity, Rabbit dermal LD50

mg kg-1

4100

Ingestion

No known significant effects or critical hazards

Skin irritation

Causes skin irritation.

Eye irritation

Exposure to airborne concentrations above statutory or recommended exposure limits may cause irritation of the eyes.

Inhalation

Exposure to airborne concentrations above statutory or recommended exposure limits may cause irritation of the nose, throat and lungs.

First aid: eyes

Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Check for and remove any contact lenses. Continue to rinse for at least 10 minutes. Get medical attention.

First aid: skin

Flush contaminated skin with plenty of water. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Continue to rinse for at least 10 minutes. Get medical attention. Wash clothing before reuse. Clean shoes thoroughly before reuse.

First aid: inhalation

Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. If not breathing, if breathing is irregular or if respiratory arrest occurs, provide artificial respiration or oxygen by trained personnel.

Carcinogenicity

No known significant effects or critical hazards

Mutagenic properties

No known significant effects or critical hazards

Teratogenicity

No known significant effects or critical hazards

UN/NA hazard class

3108

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Aquatic toxicity, Algae, NOEC

mg l-1

Aquatic toxicity, Daphnia magna, 48-h LC50

mg l

Bioconcentration factor

-

839

Partition coefficient

log Kow

7.34

-1

6.17/72H >0.0065/504H

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

513

Varox DBPH-P20 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Vanderbilt Chemicals

Recommended for resins

EPDM, EPM (or EVM), PE

Crosslinking process

Organic peroxides work by decomposing to form free radicals when heated. These radicals then couple to create carbon-carbon bonds across polymer chains.

Suggested curing temperature

o

C

160-204

Suggested maximum compounding temperature

o

C

145

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

514

Varox DCP PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Varox DCP

CAS #

80-43-3

Common name

Bis(α,α-dimethylbenzyl) peroxide

Acronym

-

Empirical formula

[C6H5C(CH3)2]2O2

DCUP

Formula O

O

Molecular mass

g mol-1 (daltons)

270.37

Chemical category

-

peroxide

EC number

-

201-279-3

Active oxygen content

%

5.8-5.92

Chemical composition

>99% Dicumyl peroxide

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES State

-

solid, crystalline

Color

-

white

Melting/Freezing point

o

Density at 20oC

kg m-3

C

38 1040

HEALTH & SAFETY Flash point

o

Flash point method

-

C

Self-accelerating decomposition temperature

o

First aid: eyes

Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Check for and remove any contact lenses. Continue to rinse for at least 10 minutes. Get medical attention

First aid: skin

Flush contaminated skin with plenty of water. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Continue to rinse for at least 10 minutes. Get medical attention. Wash clothing before reuse. Clean shoes thoroughly before reuse.

C

>200 OC 91

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

515

Varox DCP PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

First aid: inhalation

Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. If not breathing, if breathing is irregular or if respiratory arrest occurs, provide artificial respiration or oxygen by trained personnel. It may be dangerous to the person providing aid to give mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Get medical attention if adverse health effects persist.

Mutagenic properties

No known significant effects or critical hazards.

Teratogenicity

No known significant effects or critical hazards.

UN/NA hazard class

3110

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Vanderbilt Chemicals

Outstanding properties

Organic peroxides that are thermally decomposed generate free radicals that consequently create an active site on a polymer backbone. The reaction between two active sites creates a strong link between the polymer chains, forming a polymer network exhibiting very desirable mechanical properties, particularly excellent heat resistance and compression set. Another advantage of using a peroxide cure instead of sulfur vulcanization is the wide range of polymers that can be crosslinked (unsaturated polymers as well as saturated polymers like polyethylene). Due to the nature of the strong carbon-carbon crosslink bond created by the use of organic peroxides, it is possible to use the full engineering capabilities of these peroxide crosslinkable polymers.

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

516

Varox DCP PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Recommended for resins

AEM Poly(ethylene-co-methylacrylate) (Vamac); AU/EU Polyurethane Rubber; BIIR bromobutyl; Rubber BR Polybutadiene Rubber; CM Chlorinated Polyethylene (Tyrin); CR Polychloroprene Rubber (Neoprene); CSM Chlorosulfonyl Polyethylene (Hypalon); EBA Ethylene Butylacrylate Copolymer; EEA Ethylene Ethyl Acrylate; EPM Ethylene Propylene Copolymer (Vistalon); EPDM Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer (Vistalon); EVA Ethylene Vinylacetate Copolymer; FKM Fluoroelastomers (Viton); HNBR Hydrogenated Acrylonitrile-butadiene Rubber; IR Polyisoprene Rubber; NBR Acrylonitrile-butadiene Rubber (Nitrile Rubber); NR Natural Rubber; PE Polyethylene (includes high, low and linear low density); POE Polyolefi n Elastomer (Exact); SBR Styrene-butadiene Rubber; T Polysulfi de Rubber MQ (MQ); Silicone Rubber; FVMQ Fluorosilicone Rubber

Tips for application

Polymers not crosslinkable with organic peroxides include: ACM Polyacrylate Rubber; CIIR Chlorobutyl Rubber; CO Epichlorohydrin Rubber; ECO Epichlorohydrin Copolymer; IIR Butyl Rubber; PB Polybutene; PIB Polyisobutylene (Vistanex); PP Polypropylene; PVC Polyvinylchloride.

Crosslinking process

Extremely effective organic peroxide has a crosslinking temperature above 160°C, with no premature crosslinking (scorch) below 135°C.

Dose in phr

3.4-3.8/CPE; 0.8-1.6/CR; 2.4-5.4/EPM; 0.2-2/EVA; 2.2-4.2/HNBR; 1.5-2.5/ LDPE; 0.9-1.7/NBR; 0.8-1.6/NR; 0.40.8/Q; 0.7-1.5/SBR

Suggested curing temperature

o

C

154-199

Suggested maximum compounding temperature

o

C

130

Food contact

175.105(c)(5); 175.300(b)(3)(xxxii); 175.390(b)(2); 177.2420(b)3; 177.2600(c)(4)(ii)(b)

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

517

Vanax MBM PWDR PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Vanax MBM PWDR

Common name

N,N'-1,3-Phenylenedimaleimide

Acronym

-

m-PBM

State

-

solid

Color

-

yellow to light brown

Density at 25oC

kg m-3

1440

Ash content

%

2000

Acute toxicity, Rabbit dermal LD50

mg kg-1

moderate irritant

Acute toxicity, Rat dermal LD50

mg kg

>2000

Acute toxicity, Rat inhalation, LC50

mg l-1

Ingestion

Harmful if swallowed.

Skin irritation

Harmful if inhaled.

Eye irritation

No known significant effects or critical hazards

First aid: eyes

Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Check for and remove any contact lenses. Continue to rinse for at least 10 minutes. Get medical attention

First aid: skin

Flush contaminated skin with plenty of water. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Continue to rinse for at least 10 minutes. Get medical attention. Wash clothing before reuse. Clean shoes thoroughly before reuse.

First aid: inhalation

Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. If not breathing, if breathing is irregular or if respiratory arrest occurs, provide artificial respiration or oxygen by trained personnel. It may be dangerous to the person providing aid to give mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Get medical attention if adverse health effects persist.

Carcinogenicity

No known significant effects or critical hazards.

Teratogenicity

No known significant effects or critical hazards.

UN/NA hazard class

3103

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Aquatic toxicity, Daphnia magna, 24-h LC50 Aquatic toxicity, Zebra fish, 96-h LC50

mg l-1

11

mg l

1.6

Biodegradation probability

72%/28 days

Partition coefficient

log Kow

-1

-1

1.01/4H

3

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Vanderbilt Chemicals

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

520

Varox TBPB PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Outstanding properties

Excellent processing safety. Used where scorch resistance is required.

Recommended for resins

Crosslinking agent for silicone and other elastomers

Recommended for products

For use as a catalyst for epoxy resin in side seam cements product.

Tips for application

Used as a catalyst in the production of crosslinked polyester resins for repeated contact with food; total catalysts not to exceed 1.5-4%. Used as a vulcanization accelerator in rubber articles for repeated contact with food; total vulcanizing accelerators not to exceed 1.5% weight of rubber product.

Crosslinking process

Effective in the temperature range 132173°C

Dose in phr

0.3-0.6

Suggested curing temperature

o

C

129-174.8

Suggested maximum compounding temperature

o

C

125

Food contact

175.300(b)(3)(xxxii); 175.390(b)(2)

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

521

Varox VC-R PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Varox VC-R

CAS #

25155-25-3

Formula O

O

O

Chemical category

-

peroxide

Active oxygen content

%

9.18

Chemical composition

97% α, α'-Di(t-butylperoxy) diisopropylbenzene

O

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES State

-

solid

Color

-

yellow

Density at 25oC

kg m-3

952

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Vanderbilt Chemicals (discontinued)

Outstanding properties

Very efficient. No odor.

Recommended for resins

EPDM, EPM (or EVM), PE

Tips for application

Example: 90% of the crosslinking density of an EPDM compound cured with Varox VC-R at 170°C will be obtained after 9 minutes. It takes 3 minutes at 185°C to obtain the same result.

Formulation examples

Example: When curing EPDM at 185°C, data suggest that only 2.6 phr of pure Varox VC-R are required to provide the same level of crosslink density as 4.3 phr of pure Varox DCUP

Dose in phr

0.3-0.9

Suggested curing temperature

o

C

160-204

Suggested maximum compounding temperature

o

C

139

Food contact

177.26

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

522

Vestagon B 1400 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Vestagon B 1400

Chemical category

-

Chemical composition

є-Caprolactam-blocked TMP-polyisocyanate

NCO content

%

polyisocyanate

12.5-14.0

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Glass transition temperature

o

C

52

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Evonik

Outstanding properties

Good chemical resistance, excellent choice for most industrial applications, branched.

Recommended for resins

PUR powder coatings

Recommended for products

Used in both exterior and interior applications such as: motor vehicle parts; fittings; bicycle frames; fork lift trucks; exterior furniture and lawn equipment; agricultural machinery; appliances; and telephone booths.

Tips for application

Due to the ε-caprolactam blocked NCOgroups, it is stable during processing up to the unblocking temperature of more than 160°C.

Suggested curing temperature

o

C

160

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

523

Vestagon B 1530 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Vestagon B 1530

Chemical category

-

Chemical composition

є-Caprolactam-blocked polyisocyanate

NCO content

%

polyisocyanate 14.8-15.7

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Glass transition temperature

o

C

48

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Evonik

Outstanding properties

Excellent durability and chemical resistance, branched

Recommended for resins

PUR powder coatings

Recommended for products

Used in both exterior and interior applications such as: motor vehicle parts; fittings; bicycle frames; fork lift trucks; exterior furniture and lawn equipment; agricultural machinery; appliances; and telephone booths.

Tips for application

Due to the ε-caprolactam blocked NCOgroups, it is stable during processing up to the unblocking temperature of more than 160°C.

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

524

Vestagon BF 1320 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Vestagon BF 1320

Chemical category

-

Chemical composition

Uretdione polyisocyanate adduct

NCO content

%

polyisocyanate 13.5-15.0

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Melting/Freezing point

o

Density at 25oC

kg m-3

C

105-125

Glass transition temperature

o

C

75

o

C

230

1120

HEALTH & SAFETY Flash point

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Evonik

Outstanding properties

Highly reactive

Recommended for resins

PUR powder coatings

Tips for application

Due to the ε-caprolactam blocked NCOgroups, it is stable during processing up to the unblocking temperature of more than 160°C.

Optional curing temperature

o

C

5-20

Suggested curing temperature

o

C

170-210

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

525

Vestagon BF 1540 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Vestagon BF 1540

Chemical category

-

Chemical composition

Uretdione polyisocyanate adduct

NCO content

%

polyisocyanate 15.2-17.0

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Glass transition temperature

o

C

84

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Evonik

Outstanding properties

Weather-resistant decorative powder coatings with excellent physical properties

Recommended for resins

PUR powder coatings

Tips for application

Due to the ε-caprolactam blocked NCOgroups, it is stable during processing up to the unblocking temperature of more than 160°C.

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

526

Vestagon EP-BF 1350 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Vestagon EP-BF 1350

Chemical category

-

Chemical composition

Uretdione polyisocyanate adduct

NCO content

%

polyisocyanate 12.5-14.0

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Glass transition temperature

o

C

61

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Evonik

Outstanding properties

Experimental Product. Yields polyurethane coatings with Class A surfaces

Recommended for resins

OH-terminated polyester and acrylics can be used to achieve weather-resistant decorative powder coatings with excellent physical properties.

Recommended for products

Tape, electrical insulation, upholstery

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

527

Vicura MC-31 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Vicura MC-31

CAS #

-

Common name

2-Phenyl-2-imidazoline

Common synonym

2-Phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole

Empirical formula

-

936-49-2

C9H10N2

Formula

N N H

Molecular mass

g mol (daltons)

146.19

Chemical category

-

amine

EC number

-

213-313-4

Assay

%

>98

State

-

solid/crystalline powder

Color

-

off-white

Melting/Freezing point

o

-1

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

C

98-102

Solubility in water at 20 C

gl

Storage temperature

Store in a cool, dry and well-ventilated area

Vapor pressure at 20oC

kPa

0.0001

log Pow

2.45 at 25oC

o

-1

11

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Partition coefficient

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Vesta Intracon B.V.

Recommended for resins

Crosslinker for epoxy system

Recommended for products

Highly reactive epoxy powder coatings

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

528

Vicura MC-68 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Vicura MC-68

CAS #

-

Common synonym

Pyrromellitic acid diphenyl imidazoline salt

Empirical formula

-

54553-90-1

C19H16N2O8

Molecular mass

g mol (daltons)

400.34

Chemical category

-

amine

EC number

-

259-224-2

-1

Assay

%

>99

Moisture content

wt%

>0.5 solid/fine powder

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES State

-

Boiling point

o

C

Melting/Freezing point

o

C

>201 210-235

Solubility in water at 20 C

gl

Vapor pressure at 20 C

kPa

o

o

-1

3 at 20oC/pH 2.9 0.0001

HEALTH & SAFETY Flash point

o

C

>200

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Partition coefficient

log Pow

1 at 25oC

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Vesta Intracon B.V.

Outstanding properties

Low gloss level 10 (Gardner 600) can be obtained in formulating matt epoxy powder coatings. In polyester/epoxy powder coatings the gloss level in the range of 10-70 (Gardner 600) is controlled by replacing part of the polyester with Vicura MC-68, while at the same time increasing the amount of epoxy resin.

Recommended for resins

Crosslinker for epoxy system and polyester/epoxy

Recommended for products

Used as a crosslinker in manufacturing of matt epoxy and polyester/epoxy hybrid powder coatings.

Suggested curing temperature

o

C

>180

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

529

VulCup R U PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

VulCup R U

CAS #

-

Common name

[1,3(or 1,4)-Phenylenebis(1-methylethylidene)]bis[tert-butyl] peroxide

Acronym

-

BIPB

Empirical formula

-

C20H34O4

25155-25-3

Formula O

O

O

O

Molecular mass

g mol-1 (daltons)

338

RTECS number

-

SD8431900

Chemical category

-

peroxide

EC number

-

246-678-3

Active oxygen content

%

9

Assay

%

>95

Chemical composition

>90% Peroxide [1,3(or 1,4)-phenyl enebis(1methylethylidene)]bis[(1,1dimethylethyl), Hazardous impurities : 2000

Acute toxicity, Rabbit dermal LD50

mg kg

>5000

UN safety phrases, S

S36/39,S25

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Aquatic toxicity, Bluegill sunfish, 4-d LC50 Aquatic toxicity, Daphnia magna, 48-h LC50

mg l-1

>1000

mg l

>1000

C

>110

-1

-1

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Western Reserve Chemicals

Outstanding properties

Replacement for hexamethylenetetramine due to lower toxicity and less effect on scorch times.

Recommended for resins

Used as a crosslinking agent with resorcinol or a novolac resin.

Databook of Curatives and Crosslinkers/Copyrights 2019; ChemTec Publishing

532

Xiameter OFS-6011 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Xiameter OFS-6011

CAS #

-

Common name

(3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane

Common synonym

γ-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane

Acronym

-

APTES

Empirical formula

-

C9H23NO3Si

919-30-2

Formula O

O NH2

Si O

Molecular mass

g mol-1 (daltons)

221.37

Chemical category

-

silane

Assay

%

>98.5

Color

-

colorless to very pale yellow

Color, platinum-cobalt scale

-