Databook of Antioxidants 1927885531, 9781927885536

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Databook of Antioxidants
 1927885531, 9781927885536

Table of contents :
Cover
Databook of Antioxidants
Copyright
Table of Contents
1 Introduction
2 Information on data fi elds
3 Antioxidants
Back Cover

Citation preview

Databook of Antioxidants Anna & George Wypych

Toronto 2020

Published by ChemTec Publishing 38 Earswick Drive, Toronto, Ontario M1E 1C6, Canada © ChemTec Publishing 2020 ISBN 978-1-927885-53-6 (hard copy); 978-1-927885-54-3 (epub) Cover design: Anita Wypych

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form or by any means without written permission of copyright owner. No responsibility is assumed by the Author and the Publisher for any injury or/and damage to persons or properties as a matter of products liability, negligence, use, or operation of any methods, product ideas, or instructions published or suggested in this book.

Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Title: Databook of antioxidants / Anna Wypych, George Wypych. Other titles: Antioxidants Names: Wypych, Anna, author. | Wypych, George, author. Description: Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: Canadiana (print) 20190144998 | Canadiana (ebook) 20190145013 | ISBN 9781927885536 (hardcover) | ISBN 9781927885543 (PDF) Subjects: LCSH: Antioxidants. Classification: LCC TP159.A5 W97 2020 | DDC 660/.28443—dc23

Printed in Australia, United Kingdom, and the United States of America

Table of Contents 1 Introduction

1

2 Information on data fields

3

3 Antioxidants

15

2,6-di-tert-butylphenol

15

6-Hydroxymelatonin

17

ABTS Diammonium Salt

18

AC Cinnamon Liposome

19

AC Vitamin ACE Liposome PF

20

Additin RC 3580

21

ADK STAB 1178

23

ADK STAB 1500

24

ADK STAB 3010

25

ADK STAB A-611/ADK STAB A-611RG

26

ADK STAB AO-30

27

ADK STAB AO-40

28

ADK STAB AO-80

29

ADK STAB AO-503

30

ADK STAB C

31

ADK STAB HP-10

32

ADK STAB PEP-8

33

ADK STAB PEP-36 / 36A

34

Agerite MA

35

Agerite Resin D Pastilles

37

Agerite Stalite S

39

Agerite Superflex Solid G

41

Aloe Vera Extract

42

Amiox

43

Angoroside CR

44

Anox 20

45

Anox 29

47

Anox 330

48

Anox 1315

50

Anox IC-14

52

Anox PP18

53

Antioxidant 58

55

Antioxidant 60

56

Antioxidant 702

57

AO-4720

59

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

Apigenin

60

Arganyl LS 9781

62

Arganyl LS 9830

63

Ascorbic Acid

64

Ascorbic Acid

66

Ascorbyl Dipalmitate

68

Ascorbyl Linoleate

69

Ascorbyl palmitate

70

Ascorbyl Stearate

72

Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate

73

Astaxanthin

75

Barley Bio-extract

77

Biocell SOD

78

Black Garlic Extract Powder

79

Blurhd CQ U/A

80

Butylated HydroxyToluene

81

Caffeic Acid

83

Caffeic Acid

84

Calcium Ascorbate

85

Carnosic acid

86

Carrot CO2-to extract (organic), with sunflower oil

87

Carrot Oil & Beta-Carotene

88

Cinnamtannin B-1

90

Coenzyme Q10 (with Vitamin E & C)

92

Coenzyme Q10 + Vitamin E

93

Coenzyme Q10 + Vitamin E

94

Copper Peptide (GHK)2-CU

95

Copper Tripeptide-1

96

Creanatural Wasabi Extract

97

β-Cryptoxanthin

98

C-TEC 558 - Dinonyl

99

Curcumin

100

Cyanox 425

102

Cyanox 1790

103

Cyanox 2246

105

Danshensu Powder

106

Delphinidin chloride

107

Deox 112

109

Deox 115

110

Deox 520

111

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

Deox 565

112

Deox 604

114

Deox 726

115

Deox 1412

116

Deox 1790

118

Deox 3114

120

Deox BS-1000

121

Deox BS-1500

122

Deox MD-1012

123

Deox MD-1024

124

Deox MD-1060

125

Deox MD-1072

127

Deox SP-3000

128

DL-alpha Tocopherol Acetate

129

DL-alpha-Tocopherol

131

DL-alpha-Tocopherol

133

DL-alpha-Tocopherol Acetate

134

DPPH radical

136

Ebselen

138

Ellagic Acid

139

Epigallocatechin gallate

141

Eriodictyol

143

Erythorbic Acid

145

Esculetin

146

Etiolifotine

148

Evernox 10

149

Evernox 76

152

Evernox 565

154

Evernox 1098

156

Evernox 1135

157

Evernox 1330

159

Evernox 2246

161

Evernox 3114

163

Evernox MD1024

165

Ferulic Acid

167

Flavoxan 14

169

Flexamine

170

Florasun 90

171

FSS Vitamin ACE-BC Liposome PF

172

FSS Vitamin C Liposome PF

173

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

FSS Wasabi Extract PF

174

Gallic Acid

176

Gallocatechin gallate

177

Gardenia Extract

178

Genistein

179

Genox EP

181

Gingerol

182

Ginkgo Biloba Extract

183

Glutathione

184

Glutathione, reduced

185

Goji Berry extract

186

Green coffee extract

188

HiTEC 4705E

189

Horseradish Oil Natural

190

Hydroxytyrosol acetate

191

Hydroxytyrosols

192

Idebenone

194

Inoveol PHLO

196

IONOL BF200

197

IONOL K72

198

Irgafos 126

199

Irgafos 168

201

Irgafos P-EPQ

203

Irgafos TNPP

204

Irgalube F 10 A

205

Irganox 245

206

Irganox 245 DW ED

208

Irganox 245 FF

209

Irganox 259

211

Irganox 412s

213

Irganox 565

214

Irganox 1010

216

Irganox 1035

219

Irganox 1076

220

Irganox 1098

223

Irganox 1135

225

Irganox 1330

227

Irganox 1425

229

Irganox 1425 WL

231

Irganox 1520L

233

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

Irganox 1726

235

Irganox 3052

237

Irganox 3114

238

Irganox 5057

240

Irganox B215

242

Irganox B220

244

Irganox B225

245

Irganox B900

247

Irganox B1171

248

Irganox E 201

249

Irganox HP-136

251

Irganox HP-2225

252

Irganox L 06

253

Irganox L 55

255

Irganox L 57

256

Irganox L 64

258

Irganox L 74

259

Irganox L 101

260

Irganox L 107

261

Irganox L 109

263

Irganox L 150

264

Irganox MD 1024

265

Irganox PS 800 FL

268

Irganox XP 420 FD

270

Irgastab FS 210 FF

271

Irgastab FS 301 FF

273

Irgastab FS 811 FF

274

Isochlorogenic acid

276

Isoflavone

277

Isoflavone, NanoActive Soy isoflavones

278

Kerobit TP 26

279

Kerobit TP 26 P

280

Kojic Acid

281

L-Ergothioneine

283

Lipoic acid

284

Liposomal Encapsulated Vitamin C

286

Lowinox 22IB46

288

Lowinox 22M46

289

Lowinox 44B25

292

Lowinox 1790

295

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

Lowinox AH25

297

Lowinox CA22

299

Lowinox CPL

300

Lowinox GP45

301

Lowinox HD98

302

Lowinox MD24

303

Lowinox WSP

304

Lubio MD 3

306

Lubio MD 5

307

Lupeol

308

Lutein

309

Luteolin

311

Lycium chinense leaf extract

313

Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate

314

Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate

316

Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate

318

MegaRed Krill Oil

319

Melatonin

320

Methyl cis-10-heptadecenoate

322

Methyl Paraben

323

Mito-TEMPO

325

MitoCII Rejuvenate

326

Mitoquinol

327

Mitoquinone mesylate

328

MitoTEMPO

330

MitoTEMPO (hydrate)

331

Molyvan 807

332

Molyvan 855

333

Molyvan 2000

334

Molyvan A

335

Molyvan L

336

Morin anhydrous

338

N,N’-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine

339

NA-LUBE ADTC

341

NA-LUBE AO-130

343

NA-LUBE AO-210

344

NA-LUBE AW-6330

346

NanoActive Resveratrol (Res)

347

NanoActiveALA

349

Naringenin

351

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

Naugalube 438L

353

Naugalube 750

355

Naugalube APAN

357

Naugalube PANA

358

Naugalube TMQ

360

Naugard 412S

362

Naugard 445

363

Naugard Foamplus LE 5

364

Naugard PS48

366

Naugard XL-1

368

Neochlorogenic acid

370

Nordihydroguaiaretic acid

371

Novatol 5-67

372

Octopol AD

373

Octopol AZ

375

p-Coumaric acid

376

Palmitate Ascorbate

377

Pelargonidin chloride

379

Phloridzinyl glucoside

380

Phytol KARIT

382

Potassium Ascorbate

383

Propyl Galate

384

Propyl Paraben

386

Q-Max

387

Quercetin

388

R-(+)-alpha-Lipoic acid

390

R-alpha-Lipoic acid sodium

391

R-alpha-Lipoic acid tromethamine salt

392

Red Wine Extract Powder

393

Resveratrol

394

Revonox 310

395

Revonox 405

396

Revonox 420

397

Revonox 420V

398

Revonox 501

399

Revonox 608

400

Revonox 7000

401

Rosemary Antioxidant extract 25

402

RRR-alpha-Tocopherol

403

Rutin

405

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

Rutin trihydrate

406

Sage Antioxidant extract 25

407

Sage Triloba (syn. Fruticosa) CO2-to extract

408

Salvianolic Acid B

409

Sepivinol R

410

Smartvector UV CE

411

Sodium Ascorbate

412

Sodium Benzoate 20M

413

Sodium Erythorbate

415

Sodium Erythorbate

417

Sodium Erythorbate

418

Sodium Methyl Paraben

419

Songnox 1035

420

Songnox 1162 FF

421

Songnox 1680

422

Songnox 2500

424

Songnox 4120

426

Songnox 5057

427

Songnox 6260

428

Songnox 6280

429

Songnox DHOP

430

Songnox DLTDP

431

Songnox DMTDP

433

Songnox DPDP

434

Songnox DSTDP

436

Songnox DTDTP

437

Songnox EHDPP

438

Songnox PQ

439

Songnox TDP

441

Songnox TPP

442

Succinobucol

444

Superoxide dismutase

445

Superoxide dismutase SOD2

446

Superoxide dismutase SOD1

447

Taxifolin

448

Tenox 21

449

Tenox BHA

451

Tenox BHT

453

Tenox TBHQ

455

Tertiary Butylhydroquinone

457

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

Tinogard DA

459

Tinogard NOA

461

Tinogard TS

463

Tinogard TT or TT DD

465

Tiron

467

Trolox

468

Tyrosol

469

Ubidecarenone

471

Ubiquinone

473

Vanlube 887

474

Vanlube 7723

475

Vanlube RD

477

Vanlube RD-HT

478

Vanox 1001

479

Vanox CDPA Solid

480

Vanox MBPC

481

Vanox ZMTI

482

Vanox ZMTI Slurry

484

Vitamin A (Retinol)

485

Vitamin A-Palmitate 1.0 Mio IU/G stabilized with Tocopherol

487

Vitamin E-Acetate SD 50

489

Vulkanox ZMB2/C-5

490

Vulkanox HS/LG

492

Vulkanox MB2

493

Vulkanox MB2/MG-C

494

Weston 705

495

Wild Jujube extract BG-J

496

Z-BOT-GARDENIA-01

497

Zeaxanthin

498

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

1 Introduction In general terms, the an oxidants are expected to protect status quo by preven on of oxidaon. Oxida on is a chain reac on involving free radicals and hydroperoxide intermediates. An oxidants act by reac ng and decomposing free radicals and hydroperoxide intermediate species. In polymeric materials the oxida ve changes may lead to a number of undesirable effects, including discolora on, changes in melt viscosity, and deteriora on of mechanical properes, impac ng useful life of a polymer or a final ar cle. Plas cs are suscep ble to oxida ve degrada on during high-temperature melt processing opera ons and their end-use, as well as during long-term storage. Also, the oxida on processes are accelerated by exposure to UV radia on of sunlight. An oxidants are likely to form the most crucial protec ve barrier for cells of living organisms against the effects of free radicals. If these processes are not adequately controlled, they lead to outcomes dangerous to wellbeing because the cancerous cells mul ply with accelera ng rates. Radical forma on on ultraviolet light exposure leads to changes in human skin such as the forma on of dark spots, lesions, and frequently skin cancer if radical processes are not stopped by preven ve measures, such as UV radia on filtra on and use of an oxidants. In similar reac ons to oxida on, food and pharmaceu cal products deteriorate faster, which can be prevented by small addi ons of an oxidants. Food products lose their nutri ve value and may dras cally change color and flavor. Pharmaceu cal products become inac ve and poten ally toxic. In summary, the an oxidants form the most important group of compounds aiming at retarda on of deteriora on of organic materials and keeping living cells in their original condions, which is the most common means to a healthy life. An oxidants are typically divided into primary and secondary an oxidants. Primary an oxidants, such as hindered phenols, func on mainly by scavenging the peroxy radical intermediates formed in the oxida on processes. They are effec ve over a wide temperature range, improving both the processing and long-term thermal stability of materials. Secondary an oxidants, such as phosphites and thioethers, func on by decomposi on of hydroperoxides. Phosphites are most effec ve at the high temperatures of melt processing opera ons, while thioethers operate best in the solid phase at long-term use temperatures. In modern applica ons, synthe c an oxidants are gradually being replaced by products obtained from renewable resources, mostly of plant origin. This conversion in the area of cosme cs, medicine, pharmacy, food addi ves, and food protec on is very advanced. In polymer processing, applica on of natural an oxidants is s ll on the development stage. Considering the importance of an oxidants in medicine, cosme cs, pharmacy, food processing, this book gives the selec on of both important synthe c and natural products, stressing on the commercially viable addi ves and most recent interest in the applica on and use of natural products. Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

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The an oxidants included in this book belong to many groups of chemical products including acids and their esters, amines, anthocyanidines, ascorbates, benzofuranones, benzoimidazoles, benzoquinones, biopolyphenols, carotenoids, coumarines, enzymes, flavonoids, hydrazide metal deac vators, hydroquinidines, hydroquinones, hydroxylamines, isoflavones, lignanamides, liposomes, pep des, phenolics, phosphites, phospholipides, polyphenols, polysaccharides, sterically hindered phenolics, sulfur-containing compounds, tannin derivaves, terpenoids, thioethers, tocopherols, and quinolines. This shows that there is a wide variety of op ons and applica ons, which are emphasized in this book. The data for each an oxidant are presented in a separate table. The informa on in the table is divided into five sec ons, including General, Physical proper es, Health & safety, Ecological, and Use. The contents of these five sec ons is given below. General sec on contains the following fields: product name, CAS #, EC number, acronym, chemical name, chemical synonym, chemical formula, molecular weight, chemical class, moisture contents, bio-origin, mixture, product contents, other proper es, concentra on of arsenic, heavy metals, molybdenum, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and zinc, and RTECS #. Physical sec on contains the following fields: acid #, ash, acid dissocia on constant, base dissocia on constant, boiling point, bulk density, color (descrip on, Hazen scale), density, freezing/mel ng point, kinema c viscosity, maximum UV absorbance, odor, par cle size, pH, refrac ve index, solubility in solvents, specific gravity, state, specific op cal rota on, thermogravimetric analysis, total plate count, transmi ance, vapor density, vapor pressure, viscosity, vola lity, and yeast & molds. Health & safety sec on contains the following fields: ADR/RID class, autoigni on temperature, HMIS (fire, health, reac vity), carcinogenicity, chronic effects, DOT class, explosive LEL & UEL, eye irrita on, flash point and method, first aid (eye, skin, inhala on), ICAO/IATA class, IMDG class, inges on, inhala on (rat LC50), LD50 (dermal rat and rabbit, and oral rat), mutagenicity, NFPA (flammability, health, reac vity), proper shipping name, reproduc on/developmental toxicity, route of entry, skin irrita on, target organs, teratogenicity, TLV (ACGIH, NIOSH, OSHA), UN packaging group, UN risk and safety phrases, and UN/NA class. Ecological sec on contains the following fields: aqua c toxicity algae, LC50 (Bluegill sunfish, Daphnia magna, Fathead minnow, Rainbow trout, Zebra fish), bioaccumula ve and toxic assessment, bioconcentra on factor, biodegrada on probability, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, hydroxyl rate constant, and par on coefficient. Use sec on contains the following fields: manufacturer, outstanding proper es, poten al subs tute, recommended for products, recommended for resins, processing methods, concentra ons used, guidelines for use, E-number, food approval, and costabilizers enhancing light stability. We use the same set of units to achieve the compa bility of data. At the same me, data can only be made available if the manufacturing companies provide them. The defini ons of all fields which have been listed above and included in the descrip on of addi ves are given in the next chapter. Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

2

2 Information on data fields The fields used in the databook are listed in alphabetical order. The information on data in a particular field includes glossary of term, unit of measurement, typical methods used to measure quantities available in the databook. A Acid dissociation constant is a quantitative measure of the strength of an acid in solution. It is the equilibrium constant of dissociation. A Twenty-five grams of an additive is placed in 125 ml Erlenmeyer flask, and 50 ml alcohol is added to dissolve the sample. If the sample is not completely soluble, 50 ml of equal amounts of alcohol and acetone are used. This sample is titrated with 0.01N NaOH or KOH in the presence of bromothymol blue used as an indicator. ISO standard uses a method of titration similar to just described ASTM standard but phenolphthalein is used as an indicator, and 0.1 N NaOH is used as a titrating agent. The results are expressed in mg KOH per 1 g of sample. A Abbreviations of additive names can be found in the standard terminology (ASTM D160014 Standard Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics). ISO standard has a separate section for symbols used for additives (ISO 1043-3:1996 Plastics -- Symbols and abbreviated terms -- Part 3: Additives). In addition to the abbreviations for individual additives, Annex A contains a list of symbols for additive components (alcohol part, acid part, and other elements of composition). Abbreviations of additives used in rubber are given in a separate standard (ISO 6472:2010 Rubber compounding ingredients -- Abbreviations). ADR/RID A number corresponding to one of the eight classes of cargo defined in the European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR) or the International Regulations concerning the Transport of Dangerous goods by Rail (RID). A The algal growth inhibition test (OECD TG 201) is typically used to determine an acute EC50 for algae. A , Acute toxicity describes the adverse effects resulting from a single exposure to a substance. Typical methods of measurement include LD50, which is the amount of a solid or liquid material that is required to kill 50% of test animals in one dose. A The concentration of arsenic in the additive. A The adverse effects on marine life (aquatic organisms) that result from exposure to a toxic substance. Aquatic toxicity can be expressed as the lethal concentration of a chemical substance in milligrams per liter that caused death to 50% population of aquatic species (LC50) during the time of the experiment (usually 24, 48 or 96 hours).

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

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A Percentage of ash in the additive. A Determination of quantity. A The lowest temperature at which a material will ignite and sustain combustion in the absence of a spark or flame. The properties of liquid can be tested by standardized methods (ASTM E659-14 Standard Test Method for Autoignition Temperature of Liquid Chemicals). The ignition temperature is the temperature in degrees Centigrade at which the substance shows spontaneous combustion when touching hot bodies. B The base dissociation constant measures the basicity, or strength of the base. The constant is related to the acid dissociation constant (base dissociation constant = 14  acid dissociation constant). B (PBT) An organic substance is regarded as a PBT/vPvB (Persistent, Bioaccumulative and Toxic/ very Persistent and very Bioaccumulative) when test data show that the inherent properties of the substance fulfill the criteria for P, B, and T. See criteria at https://www.kemi.se/en/ prio-start/criteria/the-criteria-in-detail/pbtvpvb B Differentiation between synthetic and natural products. B It is the ratio of a substance’s concentration in the tissue of an aquatic organism to its concentration in the ambient water, in situations where the organism is exposed through the water only, and the ratio does not change substantially over time. B The probability that an organic substance will biodegrade under aerobic conditions. This field includes the general statements regarding biodegradation probability of additives. Experimental data are included in the following fields: Biological Oxygen Demand and Chemical Oxygen Demand. B Biochemical Oxygen Demand is the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic biological organisms to break down organic material present in a given water sample at a certain temperature over a specific time period.

B In order to assess bioaccumulation of substance, a test organism such as Bluegill sunfish, Daphnia magna, Fathead minnow, Rainbow trout, or other is selected. The test substance is administered as a suspension directly into the water. A test organism is observed by a specified number of hours. If deleterious effects, due either to toxicity or pathogenicity are observed, sequentially lower doses should be tested. The experiment should establish LC50 Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

4

value for a particular substance and a test organism (LC50 is a dose required to kill 50 percent of the test organisms). B The boiling point is the temperature in degrees Centigrade at which the substance undergoes a transition from the liquid into the gaseous phase under normal pressure. B Mass of sample divided by total volume occupied by the uncompacted specimen. C A carcinogenic material is one that is known to cause cancer. The process of forming cancer cells from healthy cells or carcinomas is called carcinogenesis. A summary of findings included in this field is based on general principles of a material assessment, which includes: a  There is limited evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in humans. A cause and effect interpretation is credible, but that alternative explanations such as chance, bias, other variables, etc. cannot be ruled out. Again, science can never prove a hypothesis, only disprove one. Scientific “facts” are established only when a preponderance of the evidence supports a hypothesis, and there is 1) no evidence to disprove it and 2) no equally viable alternative hypotheses. b  There is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals, which indicates there is an increased incidence of malignant and/or a combination of malignant and benign tumors (1) in multiple species or at multiple tissue sites, or (2) by multiple routes of exposure, or (3) to an unusual degree with regard to incidence, site, or type of tumor, or age at onset. c  There is less than sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in humans or laboratory animals; however, the substance is structurally related to other materials that are either human carcinogens or reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogens. d  There is convincing relevant information that the material acts through mechanisms that are likely to cause cancer in humans. Carcinogenicity lists are maintained by NTP, IARC, and OSHA. CAS A number assigned by the Chemical Abstracts Service that uniquely identifies a chemical substance. C Non-systematic classification of additives based on their main component. C The empirical formula is the molecular formula of a chemical compound. The order of atoms follows the Hill system which is utilized by the Chemical Abstracts Services and by the Beilstein Institute. Within the empirical formula, C is the first element symbol, H is the second; other element symbols are added in alphabetical order. The empirical formula does not take into account any crystal water content. Using this field for searches requires that the above guidelines are strictly followed. C The chemical oxygen demand is a measure of the amount of oxygen that can be consumed by the reaction. It is expressed in the mass of oxygen consumed over volume.

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

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C Many additives have commercial names (see under label – Name). This frequently does not permit to recognize the chemical composition of the additive. The common name helps in recognition of chemical nature of the material. C This field gives a description of color that is typical of a commercial product or pure specimen. C ,H The Platinum-Cobalt Scale is a color scale that was introduced in 1892 by chemist Allen Hazen (1869–1930). The index was developed as a way to evaluate pollution levels in wastewater. It has since expanded to a standard method of comparison of the intensity of yellow-tinted samples. It is also known as APHA scale. C A chronic health effect is an adverse health effect resulting from long-term exposure to a substance.

D To assess bioaccumulation of substance, a test organism such as Bluegill sunfish, Daphnia magna, Fathead minnow, Rainbow trout, or other is selected. The test substance is administered as a suspension directly into the water. A test organism is observed by a specified number of hours. If deleterious effects, due either to toxicity or pathogenicity are observed, sequentially lower doses should be tested. The experiment should establish LC50 value for a particular substance and a test organism (LC50 is a dose required to kill 50 percent of the test organisms). D The mass per unit volume. DOT Transportation instructions require DOT Hazard Class in which materials are divided into the following classes: 1 – Explosives, 2 – Gases, 3 – Flammable and combustible liquids, 4 – Flammable spontaneously combustible solids, 5 – Oxidizers & organic peroxides, 6 – Poisonous & infectious materials, 7 – Radioactive materials, 8 – Corrosives, 9 – Miscellaneous. In addition the UN number and packaging group is also given. E Code for a substance that is permitted to be used as food additives for use within the European Union. EC The number assigned by the EU commission to a substance (previously EINECS and ELINCS) which to identify a compound. E , , LEL The explosion limits are the lower and the upper border concentration in volume percent of flammable gas or vapor mixed with air between which the mixture can be made to explode by heating or by a spark. Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

6

E , , UEL The explosion limits are the lower and the upper border concentration in volume percent of flammable gas or vapor mixed with air between which the mixture can be made to explode by heating or by a spark. E The information included in this field comes from existing human experience, animal observations related to the potential irritation of the human eye, and in vitro studies.

F Tto assess bioaccumulation of substance, a test organism such as Bluegill sunfish, Daphnia magna, Fathead minnow, Rainbow trout, or other is selected. The test substance is administered as a suspension directly into the water. A test organism is observed by a specified number of hours. If deleterious effects, due either to toxicity or pathogenicity are observed, sequentially lower doses should be tested. The experiment should establish LC50 value for a particular substance and a test organism (LC50 is a dose required to kill 50 percent of the test organisms). F The emergency treatment administered to an injured or sick person before professional medical care is available. F The flashpoint is the lowest temperature in degrees Centigrade at which so much vapor develops under normal pressure that it results in a flammable mixture together with the air over the liquid level. Different methods are used in the test with Cleveland cup being the most suitable method for testing additives. Cleveland open cup is used to determine flash and fire points of liquids with flashpoint above 79oC and below 400oC, such as additives (ASTM D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup). Standard gives the methods of determination using manual and automatic Cleveland open cup apparatus. About 70 ml of test liquid is heated first rapidly then slowly on approaching an expected flashpoint. Test flame is applied to the surface to ignite vapors. Test flame is natural or bottled gas flame (full description included in the standard). Test flame is applied first when the temperature is 28oC below expected flashpoint and then in 2oC intervals. The flashpoint is the lowest temperature at which vapors are ignited by the test flame. F The following abbreviations are used to describe the method that was used for the data included in the field “Flashpoint”: CC – closed cup, CCTC – closed cup tag closed, COC – Cleveland open cup, OC – open cup, PMCC - Pensky-Martens closed cup, TCC- tag closed cup, TOC – tag open cup F The overall regulatory status of a food contact material is dictated by the regulatory status of each individual substance as per Title 21 Code of Federal Regulations. F / The temperature at which the liquid and solid phases of a substance of specified composition are in equilibrium at atmospheric pressure. Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

7

G Additional information on the best methods of additive use. H The concentration of heavy metals in the additive. HMIS A rating system (HMIS - Hazardous Materials Identification System) has been devised by The National Paint Coatings Association to assist emergency responders. The following are the simple explanations of numerical symbols. Health: 0 – Like ordinary material, 1 – Slightly hazardous, 2 – Hazardous – use breathing apparatus, 3 – Extremely dangerous – use full protective clothing, 4 – Too dangerous to enter – vapor or liquid. Flammability: 0 – Will not burn, 1 – Must be preheated to burn, 2 – Ignites when moderately heated, 3 – Ignites at normal temperature, 4 - Extremely flammable. Reactivity: 0 – Normally stable, 1 – Unstable if heated – use normal precaution, 2 – Violent chemical change possible – use the hose from a distance, 3 – Strong shock or heat may detonate – use monitors, 4 – May detonate – evacuate the area if materials are exposed to fire. H The reaction rate constant of additive with hydroxyl radicals. ICAO/IATA Classification for transport by cargo aircraft. The statements are based on the Dangerous Goods Regulation issued by IATA (International Air Transport Association). The class and the packaging group are stated. No account is taken of special regulations stipulated by individual countries or airlines. IMDG This field contains the hazard classification for transport by sea. I Ingestion is the act of taking something (food, medicine, liquid, poison, etc.) into a body through the mouth. Synonyms include “swallowing”, “taking internally”, or “eating”. I Inhalation is the drawing of air or other substances (fumes, mists, vapor, dust, etc.) into the lungs (the respiratory system). A common synonym is “breathing in”. K Kinematic viscosity is the ratio of absolute (or dynamic) viscosity to density. LC50 Lethal Concentration 50, LC50, is the concentration of a chemical which kills 50% test animal population. This measure is generally used when test animals are exposed to a test chemical in the form of gas or mist.

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

8

LD50 Lethal Dose 50, LD50, is the dose of a chemical which kills 50% of a sample population. In full reporting, the dose, treatment, and observation period should be given. Further, LD50, LC50, ED50, and similar figures are strictly only comparable when the age, sex and nutritional state of the animals are specified. M The name of the manufacturer is given for commercial additives having a particular brand name. For generic compounds, the name of manufacturer(s) is also frequently suggested. M UV Maximum absorbance wavelength in UV range by the additive. M The information helps to distinguish between additive composed of a single component or mixture of chemical compounds. M Moisture concentration in a commercial additive as declared by its manufacturer. M The sum of the atomic weights of all the atoms in a molecule. The weight of a molecule of any gas or vapor as compared with the hydrogen atom as a standard. M The concentration of molybdenum in the additive. M The capacity of a chemical or physical agent to cause a permanent alteration of the genetic material within living cells. Tests of chemical substances and physical agents for mutagenic potential include microbial, insect, mammalian cell, and whole animal tests. N A proper name is used, which, in the case of a commercial product, is a brand name given by manufacturer, and the most commonly used name in the case of generic compounds. NFPA classification A rating system has been devised by the National Fire Protection Association, NFPA, to assist emergency responders. The following are the simple explanations of numerical symbols. Health: 0 – Like ordinary material, 1 – Slightly hazardous, 2 – Hazardous – use breathing apparatus, 3 – Extremely dangerous – use full protective clothing, 4 – Too dangerous to enter – vapor or liquid. Flammability: 0 – Will not burn, 1 – Must be preheated to burn, 2 – Ignites when moderately heated, 3 – Ignites at normal temperature, 4 - Extremely flammable. Reactivity: 0 – Normally stable, 1 – Unstable if heated – use normal precaution, 2 – Violent chemical change possible – use the hose from a distance, 3 – Strong shock or heat may detonate – use monitors, 4 – May detonate – evacuate the area if materials are exposed to fire.

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

9

NIOSH REL National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, NIOSH, recommended exposure limits (RELs) will be based on risk evaluations using human or animal health effects data and on an assessment of what levels can be feasibly achieved by engineering controls and measured by analytical techniques. The RELs are given in either mg/m3 or ppm. N The concentration of nitrogen in the additive. O Any property detected by the olfactory system. In the case of chemical materials and particularly additives, it helps to distinguish different materials and select non-intrusive materials for the application. OSHA PEL A Permissible Exposure Limit, PEL, is the maximum amount or concentration of a chemical that a worker may be exposed to under the U.S. Occupational Health and Safety Administration, OSHA, regulations. The PELs are given mg/m3 or ppm. O Filed contains descriptive information on additive which was not included in any other field. O The most important properties, which may help in selection for the application. P The D50 is the diameter of the particle that 50% of a sample’s mass is smaller than that. P The organic carbon adsorption coefficient, Koc, is only applicable to individual substances. The Koc can generally be calculated from the octanol/water partition coefficient, Kow. The following equation can be used: log Koc = 0.937 (log Kow) - 0.006. The log Kow is determined in a laboratory without the use of organisms. It is a measure of how polar the substance is by determining whether the substance partitions primarily to water or to octanol. Substances that partition primarily to octanol are likely to bioaccumulate in the fat of organisms. The log Pow is defined as the ratio of the equilibrium concentration of a dissolved substance in a two-phase system comprising two largely immiscible solvents, such as n-octanol and water. pH The pH value is the negative decadic logarithm of the concentration of hydrogen ions (dimensionless). P The concentration of phosphorus in the additive. P List of processing methods in which the additive is typically used.

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10

P Components of formulated products are given if available. P Proper shipping name is the standard technical name which describes the hazard properties and the composition of dangerous goods.

R To assess bioaccumulation of substance, a test organism such as Bluegill sunfish, Daphnia magna, Fathead minnow, Rainbow trout, or other is selected. The test substance is administered as a suspension directly into the water. A test organism is observed by a specified number of hours. If deleterious effects, due either to toxicity or pathogenicity are observed, sequentially lower doses should be tested. The experiment should establish LC50 value for a particular substance and a test organism (LC50 is a dose required to kill 50 percent of the test organisms). R Manufacturers recommendations are given in this field. R Manufacturers recommendations are given as to the product application for manufactured goods. R The ratio of the velocity of propagation of an electromagnetic wave in avacuum to its velocity in the medium. It is a parameter that helps to identify chemical compounds and means of their selection for use in compositions having predesigned optical properties. Refractive index has been measured at two temperatures 20 and 25oC unless otherwise indicated. R / The effects of an additive on male and female reproductive performance as tested according to OECD guidelines. RTECS The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS®) is a comprehensive database of basic toxicity information for over 150,000 chemical substances including: prescription and non-prescription drugs, food additives, pesticides, fungicides, herbicides, additives, diluents, chemical wastes, reaction products of chemical waste, and substances used in both industrial and household situations. Reports of the toxic effects of each compound are cited. In addition to toxic effects and general toxicology reviews, data on skin and/or eye irritation, mutation, reproductive consequences, and tumorigenicity are provided. Federal standards and regulations, NIOSH recommended exposure limits and information on the activities of the EPA, NIOSH, NTP, and OSHA regarding the substance are also included. The toxic effects are linked to literature citations from both published and unpublished governmental reports, and published articles from the scientific literature. The database corresponds to the print version of the Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances, formerly known as the Toxic Substances List, started in 1971. Originally prepared by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), the RTECS® database is now produced and distributed by MDL Information Systems, Inc. Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

11

S Although several mammalian species may be used, the albino rabbit is the preferred species. Exposure duration normally is four hours. S Information on the solubility of additive in solvents. S Several methods are used to determine the specific gravity of the additives, such as hydrometer, digital density meter, displacement, and pycnometer methods. S The change in orientation of monochromatic plane-polarized light, per unit distance–concentration product, as the light passes through a sample of a compound in solution. S State of the additive at room temperature is given in this field. S The concentration of sulfur in the additive. S The chemical or common name of the same product. T Specific organs on which a hormone, drug, or other substance act. T The property or capability of producing congenital malformations. T Percentage of the sample which remains after its exposure to a particular temperature during testing by TGA. TLV-TWA 8h The time-weighted average concentration for a conventional 8-hour workday and 40-hour workweek exposure to a substance, to which it is believed that nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed, day after day, without adverse health effects. The data are given after the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, ACGIH, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, NIOSH, and Occupational Safety & Health Administration, OSHA. T A total number of colony-forming units (cfu) per gram of sample is a unit used to estimate the number of viable bacteria or fungal cells in a sample. T The transmittance of radiation in the percentage of a particular wavelength.

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12

UN/NA A four-digit number is representing a particular chemical or group of chemicals. These numbers are assigned by the United Nations (UN Numbers), the U.S. Department of Transportation (NA Numbers), or Transport Canada (NA Numbers). These numbers are commonly used throughout the world to aid in the quick identification of the materials contained within bulk containers (such as rail cars, semi-trailers, and intermodal containers). UN A list of numbers of risk phrases compiled by UN which characterize the behavior of a particular compound UN A list of numbers of safety phrases compiled by UN which should be followed during transportation of a particular compound V The density of a gas relative to the density of air. V Vapor pressure is a fundamental thermodynamic property of a solid or liquid. It is the pressure generated at a particular temperature by the pure component which has a liquid (or solid) and vapor in equilibrium in a closed vessel. Its units are the usual units of pressure (e.g., kPa). The vapor pressure of a liquid increases with a temperature between the triple point and the critical point. V It is a ratio of shear stress and shear strain expressed in mPa s. Z To assess bioaccumulation of substance, a test organism such as Bluegill sunfish, Daphnia magna, Fathead minnow, Rainbow trout, or other is selected. The test substance is administered as a suspension directly into the water. A test organism is observed by a specified number of hours. If deleterious effects, due either to toxicity or pathogenicity are observed, sequentially lower doses should be tested. The experiment should establish LC50 value for a particular substance and a test organism (LC50 is a dose required to kill 50 percent of the test organisms). Y A total number of colony-forming units (cfu) per gram of sample is a unit used to estimate the number of viable yeast and mold cells in a sample.

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13

3 Antioxidants 2,6-Di-tert-butylphenol PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

2,6-Di-tert-butylphenol

CAS #

-

128-39-2

EC number

-

204-884-0

Chemical name

2,6-di-tert-butylphenol

Synonym

phenol, 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)

Acronym

-

Category

phenols

2,6-DTBP

Chemical formula

-

C14H22O

Structural formula

OH t-Bu

Molecular mass

-

t-Bu

206.32

Mixture

-

N

Biobased

-

N

Other properties

2

40

Agerite Superflex Solid G PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Agerite Superflex Solid G

CAS #

-

68412-48-6

EC number

-

270-192-0

Chemical name

acetone diphenylamine

Synonym

propan-2-one-N-phenylaniline (1:1)

Category

amines

Chemical formula

-

C15H17NO

Molecular mass

-

C15H17NO

Mixture

-

N

Biobased

-

N

Product contents

assay 72-78%

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

Density at 20 C

kg m

o

Solubility in solvents at 20 C o

solid, powder -3

1330

acetone, chloroform, carbon disulfide, slightly in hexane and gasoline

HEALTH & SAFETY Flash point

o

C

96.1

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Vanderbilt Chemical Co. Ltd.

Outstanding properties

antioxidant, provides good low-cost protection, inhibits oxygen attack and cracking, improves heat aging

Recommended for polymers

NR, SR, CR, SBR, IR

Recommended for products

tires, automotive, wire, cable, appliance and mechanical goods where staining is not objectionable

Concentration used

phr

Guideline for use

used in conjunction with Vanox ZMTI and MTI

Food approval, FDA

21 CFR Part 177.2600, rubber articles for repeated use (in contact with food) and/or 21 CFR Part 178.2010 antioxidants and/or stabilizers for polymers

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

2

41

Aloe Vera Extract PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Aloe Vera Extract

CAS #

-

1415-73-2

EC number

-

215-808-0

Chemical name

1,8-dihydroxy-10-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)3-(hydroxymethyl)-9(10H)-anthracenone

Synonym

2-(1,1-d+Q87imethylethyl)-1,4-benzenediol

Product contents

20% aloin (A+B), 20% aloin A

RTECS number

-

LZ6520000

State

-

solid, powder, fine

Color

-

green/yellow

Boiling point

o

C

Freezing point

o

C

Density at 20 C

kg m

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

o

456 (estimate) 148 -3

1300 (estimate)

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Shaanxi Haokang Bio-technology Co., Ltd.

Outstanding properties

antioxidant, anti-aging, resist bone aging

Recommended for products

cosmetics, food, pharmaceutical

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

42

Amiox PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Amiox

CAS #

8001-21-6, 84604-14-8

EC number

232-273-9, 283-291-9

Chemical name

helianthus annuus (sunflower) seed oil + rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) leaf extract

Category

bio-tocopherols, triglyceride/main component linoleic acid

Biobased

-

Y/plant extracts

State

-

liquid, viscous

Color

-

brown

Refractive index at 20oC

-

Density at 20 C

kg m

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

o

1.450-1.500 -3

880-980

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

-

Outstanding properties

very powerful antioxidant, unique rosemary extract that is a potent antioxidant. By adding only two drops (or 0.05%) of Amiox to every 100 ml of vegetable oil, the oil will be protected against rancidity for up to twice as long as normal, protected from oxidation even exposed to the bright light of bathrooms or beauty institutes.

Recommended for products

multi-functional cosmetic active ingredient for personal care product such as lip balms or make-up products

Concentration used

wt%

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

Alban Muller

0.01-0.15

43

Angoroside CR PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Angoroside CR

CAS #

-

Chemical name

β-D-glucopyranoside, 2-(3-Hydroxy4-methoxyphenyl)Ethyl O-α-Larabinopyranosyl-(1-→6)-O-[6deoxy-α-L-mannopyranosyl-(1-→3)]-, 4-[(2E)-3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)2-propenoate

Category

phenylpropanoid glycoside

Chemical formula

-

115909-22-3

C36H48O19

Structural formula

OH HO

OH O

O

O O

OH

O

O O

HO HO

O

O

OH O OH

OH

Molecular mass

-

784.8

Mixture

-

N

Biobased

-

Y

Product contents

assay ≥98% (HPLC)

Other properties

isolated from the root of Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl (Figwort)

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

Color

white to pale yellow

Solubility in solvents at 20oC

methanol

solid, powder

HEALTH & SAFETY Flash point

o

C

301.70 (est)

Flash point method

-

TCC ENZO

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

-

Outstanding properties

powerful antioxidative activity in reducing the oxidized OH adducts of dAMP and dGMP. Reveals some trypanocidal potential.

Recommended for products

cosmetics: skin conditioning

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

44

Anox 20 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Anox 20

CAS #

-

6683-19-8

EC number

-

229-772--6

Chemical name

tetrakismethylene (3,5-di-t-butyl-hydroxyhydrocinnamate) methane

Category

phenolic, primary antioxidant

Chemical formula

-

C73H108O12

Structural formula HO

O O O

O

O O OH

O O

OH

OH

Molecular mass

-

1178

Mixture

-

N

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

solid, powder or granules

Odor

-

odorless

Color

-

white to off-white

Freezing point

o

Bulk density at 20oC

kg m-3

650/powder, 570/granules

Specific gravity

-

1.15

Thermogravimetric analysis in air, %/oC

5/350; 10/365; 25/387

C

110-125

HEALTH & SAFETY Autoignition temperature

o

C

DOT class

-

not regulated

TDG class

-

not regulated

ICAO/IATA class, packaging group

-

not regulated

IMDG class, packaging group

-

not regulated

Flash point

o

Flash point method

-

CC

LD50, oral, rat

mg kg-1

>5000

C

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420

298

45

Anox 20 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

NFPA classification

Flammability

1

Health

1

HMIS classification

Reactivity

0

Flammability

1

Health

1

Reactivity

0

Route of entry

Skin, Eye, Inh

Ingestion

Not expected to be a hazard in normal industrial use.

Skin irritation

May cause mechanical skin irritation. May cause slight skin irritation.

Eye irritation

May cause mechanical eye irritation. May cause slight eye irritation.

Inhalation

May cause mechanical irritation to respiratory system.

First aid: eyes

Rinse immediately with plenty of water, also under the eyelids, for at least 15 min. If symptoms persist, call a physician.

First aid: skin

Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately. Wash off immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. If symptoms persist, call a physician.

First aid: inhalation

Remove to fresh air. Assist in breathing if necessary. Consult a physician.

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Aquatic toxicity, Algae, EC50

mg l-1

>100/72

Aquatic toxicity, Daphnia magna, 48-h LC50

mg l-1

>86/24H

Aquatic toxicity, Zebra fish, 96-h LC50

mg l

>100

Partition coefficient

logKow

23

Manufacturer

-

Addivant

Outstanding properties

cost-effective, high purity liquid phosphite blends based on Weston TNPP

Potential substitute for

Irganox 1010

-1

USE & PERFORMANCE

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

46

Anox 29 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Anox 29

CAS #

-

35958-30-6

EC number

-

252-816-3

Chemical name

2,2'-ethylidenebis(4,6-di-t-butylphenol)

Category

phenolic, primary antioxidant

Chemical formula

-

C30H46O2

Structural formula

OH

OH

Molecular mass

-

438

Mixture

-

N

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

solid, free flowing powder

Color

-

Freezing point

o

C

Bulk density at 20 C

kg m

Specific gravity

-

o

white to off-white 162-166 -3

560 1.01

Solubility in solvents at 20 C

>100% in acetone, 27% in cyclohexane, 6% in ethanol, 18% in heptane, 44% in toluene

Thermogravimetric analysis in air, %/oC

5/220; 10/233; 25/253

o

HEALTH & SAFETY Flash point

o

C

>193

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

-

Outstanding properties

highly effective, enhance thermal aging properties of PP, protect against thermooxidative degradation during processing

Recommended for polymers

PP, PE, PVC(flexible), PUR, PA, PS, EPDM, SBS and rubber blends

Recommended for products

adhesives

Food approval, FDA

Y

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

Addivant

47

Anox 330 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Anox 330

CAS #

-

1709-70-2

EC number

-

216-971-0

Chemical name

1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris (3,5-di-tertbutyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) benzene

Synonym

1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)mesitylene

Category

phenolic, primary antioxidant

Chemical formula

-

C54H78O3

Structural formula

t-Bu OH t-Bu t-Bu

H 3C

CH3

t-Bu

HO t-Bu

OH CH3

Molecular mass

-

750

Mixture

-

N

-

t Bu

Product contents

assay >99%

Moisture

%

100 48

Anox 330 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Hydroxyl rate constant

cm3 molecule-1 s-1

150.13E -12

Partition coefficient

logKow

>6 Addivant

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

-

Outstanding properties

resistance to water and solvent extraction, excellent dielectric properties

Potential substitute for

Irganox 1330

Recommended for polymers

PE, PP, styrene homo-and copolymers, PVC, PU

Recommended for products

synthetic fibers, pipes, molded articles, wires and cables, dielectric films, adhesives

Food approval, FDA

Y

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

49

Anox 1315 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Anox 1315

CAS #

-

171090-93-0

EC number

-

413-750-2

Chemical name

3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid, C13-15 branched and linear alkyl esters

Synonym

benzenepropanoic acid, 3,5-bis(1,1dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy- C13-15 branched and linear alkyl esters

Category

phenolic, primary antioxidant

Structural formula HO

CH2CH2CO(CH2)12-14CH3

Molecular mass

-

485

Mixture

-

N

Product contents

assay 99%

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

liquid, viscous

Color

-

clear to yellow

Freezing point

o

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

C C

-56 0.94 20

Thermogravimetric analysis in air, %/ C

5/219; 10/230; 25/268

Viscosity

mPa.s

Viscosity temperature

o

C

30

o

C

229

o

200

HEALTH & SAFETY Flash point

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

-

Outstanding properties

highly effective, non-discoloring

Recommended for polymers

PVC, PU, PE, ABS, SBR, BR, NBR, lubricating oil

Recommended for products

sealants, seals, gaskets, packagingfood-closures (lids, cap), PU foams for storage and scorch protection

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

Addivant

50

Anox 1315 PARAMETER

UNIT

Food approval, FDA

Y, 98%

RTECS number

-

SL9650000

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

solid, powder

Color

-

white or light yellow

Ash

%

0.1

Freezing point

o

C

>155

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

HMIS classification

Flammability

0

Health

1

Reactivity

0

Flammability

0

Health

1

Reactivity

0

UN risk phrases, R

R36/37/38

US safety phrases, S

S26,S36

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Dongguan Baoxu Chemical Technology

Outstanding properties

antioxidant, non-staining, low volatility, good thermal oxidation stability, used with synthetics

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57

Antioxidant 702 PARAMETER

UNIT

Recommended for polymers

petroleum hydrocarbon resins and polyolefins

Recommended for products

excellent oil antioxidant, (lubricating, turbine, transformer, hydraulic oils), other application adhesives

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

VALUE

58

AO-4720 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

AO-4720

CAS #

-

101-96-2

EC number

-

202-992-2

Chemical name

N, N ́-dibutyl-p-phenylenediamine

Synonym

Du Pont Gasoline Antioxidant No 22

Category

amine

Chemical formula

-

C14H24N2

Structural formula

H N N H

Molecular mass

-

220.36

Mixture

-

N

Biobased

-

N

Product contents

assay >97%

Other properties

1,4-benzenediamine

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

liquid

Odor

-

odorless

Color

-

red to brown

Ash

%

99.5%

RTECS number

-

GO7875000

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

solid, powder, crystalline or granular

Odor

-

slight phenolic

Color

-

white

Boiling point

o

C

265

Freezing point

o

C

69-70

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

1.048

C

20

Solubility in solvents at 20 C

acetone, methanol, toluene

Viscosity, kinematic

cSt

3.47 at 80oC, 1.54 at 120oC

Vapor density, air=1

-

7.6

Vapor pressure

kPa

2.36E-04

Vapor pressure temperature

o

C

25

Autoignition temperature

o

C

425

UN packaging group

-

Proper shipping name

Environmentally hazardous substance, solid, n.o.s (2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol)

Flash point

o

Flash point method

-

LD50, dermal, rabbit

mg kg-1

LD50, oral, rat

mg kg

NFPA classification

Flammability

1

Health

2

Reactivity

0

o

HEALTH & SAFETY III

C

114-127 TCC -1

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

2100 >2000

81

Butylated HydroxyToluene PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

HMIS classification

Flammability

1

Health

1

Reactivity

0

Ingestion

May cause gastrointestinal (digestive) tract irritation.

Skin irritation

May cause skin irritation.

Eye irritation

May cause eye irritation.

Inhalation

May cause respiratory tract irritation.

UN number

-

UN risk phrases, R

R50/53

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Aquatic toxicity, Daphnia magna, 48-h LC50

mg l-1

3077

0.48

Bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) assessment

BHT meets the persistence criteria for PBT and vPvB substances.

Bioconcentration factor

646L/kg wet wt (est)

Partition coefficient

logKow

5.1

Manufacturer

-

generic

Outstanding properties

antioxidants and texture stabilizer in food industries, chemopreventive against a variety of carcinogens, as a control against the antioxidant activity of methanol extracts of flowers, fruits and seeds

Recommended for products

used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, rubber, electrical transformer oil (at 0.35%), and embalming fluid. In the petroleum industry, where BHT is known as the fuel additive AO-29, it is used in hydraulic fluids, turbine and gear oils, and jet fuels.

E number, permission by EU as a food additive

-

USE & PERFORMANCE

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

E321

82

Caffeic Acid PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Caffeic Acid

CAS #

-

331-39-5

EC number

-

206-361-2

Chemical name

3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid

Synonym

3,4-dihydroxy-cinnamic acid

Category

polyphenolic

Chemical formula

-

C9H8O4

Structural formula

O OH HO OH

Molecular mass

-

180.16

Mixture

-

N

Biobased

-

Y

Other properties

found naturally in a wide range of plants

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

solid, prisms, plates or granules

Odor

-

characteristic

Color

-

yellow to tan

Acid dissociation constant

pKa

4.62 at 25oC

Freezing point

o

Density at 20 C

kg m

o

C

223-225 -3

1478

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

-

Outstanding properties

antioxidant, outperformed the other antioxidants, reducing aflatoxin production by more than 95%, susceptible to autoxidation. Have many health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antiviral abilities.

Recommended for products

pharmaceuticals, supplements for boosting athletic performance

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

generic

83

Caffeic Acid PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Caffeic Acid

CAS #

-

331-39-5

EC number

-

206-361-2

Chemical name

3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid

Synonym

GD8950000

Category

polyphenolic

Chemical formula

-

C9H8O4

Structural formula

O OH HO OH

Molecular mass

-

180.16

Mixture

-

N

Biobased

-

N

Product contents

assay >98%

RTECS number

-

GD8950000

State

-

solid, powder

Odor

-

characteristic

Boiling point

o

C

416.8 (est)

Freezing point

o

C

211-213

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Refractive index at 20 C

-

1.71

Density at 20oC

kg m-3

1500 (est)

Solubility in solvents at 20oC

DMSO (40 mg/mL), ethanol (25 mg/ mL warm), DMF (7 mg/mL), PBS, ethyl acetate, chloroform, hexane, methanol.

o

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.,

Outstanding properties

antioxidant, outperformed the other antioxidants, reducing aflatoxin production by more than 95%, susceptible to autoxidation. Have many health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antiviral abilities.

Potential substitute for

pharmaceuticals, supplements for boosting athletic performance

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

84

Calcium Ascorbate PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Calcium Ascorbate

CAS #

-

5743-27-1

EC number

-

227-261-5

Chemical name

calcium 5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]3-hydroxy-4-oxofuran-2-olate

Category

ascorbate

Chemical formula

-

Structural formula

C12H14CaO12 HO

OH O O

HO

OH HO

O Ca O

OH

Molecular mass

-

Product contents

assay >99%

390.3

Other properties

calcium salt of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), one of the mineral ascorbates.

Arsenic

%

8)-epicatechin

Synonym

A-type proanthocyanidin

Category

condensed tannin

Chemical formula

-

Structural formula

88082-60-4

C45H36O18 HO O

HO

OH

HO H HO OH

OH O OH

HO

O

OH

OH OH

OH

OH

Molecular mass

-

864.75

Mixture

-

N

Biobased

-

Y

Product contents

assay ≥95%

Other properties

isolated from Laurus nobilis L. Originally isolated from cinnamon bark. Contained in several plant species such as Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Parameria laevigata, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Lindera umbellata, Metaxya rostrata.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

solid

Color

-

brown

pKa

8.75 (est)

Acid dissociation constant Refractive index at 20 C

-

1.84 (est)

Density at 20oC

kg m-3

1800 (est)

Solubility in solvents at 20oC

100% ethanol, methanol, mixture of DMSO and water

o

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

ENZO, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

90

Cinnamtannin B-1 PARAMETER

UNIT

Outstanding properties

powerful antioxidative, protective agent against oxidative stress and apoptosis in human platelets, inhibitory activity against cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in vitro.

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

VALUE

91

Coenzyme Q10 (with Vitamin E & C) PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Coenzyme Q10 (with Vitamin E & C)

CAS #

8002-43-5, 303-98-0, 183476-82-6, 7616-22-0, 8043-29-6, 7789-20-0, 6585-0, 307-95-0, 59-02-9

Chemical name

IINCI: lecithin, ubiquinone, ascorbyl tetraisopalmitate, tocopherol, vegetable oil, glycerin, water, benzoic acid

Category

bio-benzoquinone

Chemical formula

-

C59H90O4

Biobased

-

Y

Product contents

4.7% cas 8002-43-5, 7% cas 307-950 (Q10 is encapsulated in nano-sized liposomes), 0.2% cas 183476-82-6, 0.4% cas 7616-22-0, 60% cas 8043-296, 0.8% vegetable oil, deionized water (Aqua) add to 100% cas 7789-20-0, cas 65-85-0, cas 307-95-0, cas 59-02-9

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

liquid, viscous

Odor

-

characteristic

Color

orange, transparent

pH

4-6 (5% aqua solution)

Density at 20oC

kg m-3

Solubility in solvents at 20 C o

1120-1160

cosmetic oil like triglycerides and waxes, esters, synthetic oils and mineral oils

HEALTH & SAFETY LD50, oral, rat

mg kg-1

5000

Ingestion

May cause eye irritation.

Skin irritation

Not irritant

Eye irritation

May cause eye irritation.

Inhalation

May be irritating to mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

MakingCosmetics Inc supplier of cosmetic ingredients

Outstanding properties

powerful antioxidant.

Recommended for products

multi-functional cosmetic active ingredient for personal care products

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

92

Coenzyme Q10 + Vitamin E PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Coenzyme Q10 + Vitamin E

CAS #

303-98-0, 7695-91-2, 68411-27-8

EC number

206-147-9, 231-710-0, 270-112-4

Chemical name

INCI: ubiquinone, tocopheryl acetate, alkyl benzoic acid ester(carrier)

Category

bio-benzoquinone

Chemical formula

C59H90O4, C31H52O3, C12-C15 alkyl benzoate

Biobased

-

Product contents

>7.5% cas 303-98-0, 98%

Sulfur

%

>10

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

solid, powder, crystalline

Color

-

Ash

%

white

Acid number

mg KOH g

Freezing point

o

Density at 20oC

kg m-3

1000

Specific gravity

-

0.89

Specific gravity temperature

o

Volatility

wt%

10 g/100 ml), styrene >10 g/100 ml)

C

158-162

HEALTH & SAFETY Flash point

o

C

276

Skin irritation

Causes skin irritation

Eye irritation

Causes eye irritation

UN risk phrases, R

R36/37/38

US safety phrases, S

S26,S36

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

-

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

Chitec

118

Deox 1790 PARAMETER

UNIT

Outstanding properties

high antioxidant performance as well as very good anti-NOX function, highly compatible with a wide range of organic substrates, resistant to gas fading

Recommended for polymers

PUR, PE, PP, spandex

Recommended for products

fiber, film, sheet

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

VALUE

119

Deox 3114 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Deox 3114

CAS #

-

27676-62-6

EC number

-

248-597-9

Chemical name

1,3,5-tri(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) isocyanurate

Synonym

tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) isocyanurate

Category

hindered phenolic

Chemical formula

-

C48H69N3O6

Structural formula O HO

N O

N N

OH O

OH

Molecular mass

-

784

Mixture

-

N

Biobased

-

N

Product contents

assay >98%

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

solid, powder, crystalline or pellets

Color

-

white

Ash

%

98%

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

liquid

Color

colorless to slightly yellow

Boiling point

o

C

>200

Freezing point

o

C

50% in ethyl acetate, ethanol, MEK, PEG(Mn=400)

Volatility

wt%

98%

OH

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

solid, powder

Odor

-

odorless

Color

-

white

Freezing point

o

Bulk density at 20oC

kg m-3

Solubility in solvents at 20oC

4% methanol, 4% acetone

Volatility

wt%

98%

OH

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

solid, powder

Color

-

white

Freezing point

o

C

>170

Bulk density at 20 C

kg m

Specific gravity

-

0.88

Volatility

wt%

200

o

-3

420

HEALTH & SAFETY Flash point

o

Skin irritation

Causes skin irritation.

Eye irritation

Causes serious eye irritation.

Inhalation

May cause respiratory irritation.

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

-

Outstanding properties

antioxidant, metal deactivator

Recommended for polymers

engineering plastics

Recommended for products

wire, cables

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

Chitec

127

Deox SP-3000 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Deox SP-3000

Mixture

-

Y

Biobased

-

N

Product contents

assay >95%

Other properties

synergistic blend of a sterically hindered phenolic antioxidant, a phosphite stabilizer and a proprietary carbon-centered radical scavenger

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

solid, powder, granules or crystalline

Color

-

Bulk density at 20 C o

kg m

white -3

480-570

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

-

Outstanding properties

multipurpose antioxidant, improved MFR control, good color maintenance, and long-term thermal stabilization

Recommended for polymers

PP, PE, PB, ABS, SEBS, HIPS

Concentration used

wt%

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

Chitec

0.075-0.5

128

DL-alpha Tocopherol Acetate PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

DL-alpha Tocopherol Acetate

CAS #

-

7695-91-2

EC number

-

231-710-0

Chemical name

2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)chroman-6-yl acetate

Synonym

Vitamin E acetate

Category

tocopherol acetate

Chemical formula

-

C31H52O3

Structural formula

O

O O

Molecular mass

-

472.74

Biobased

-

N

Product contents

assay 98%

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

liquid, viscous

Odor

-

almost odorless

Color

-

colorless to amber

Boiling point

o

C

Freezing point

o

C

>300 10000

NFPA classification

Flammability

1

Health

0

Reactivity

0

o

-3

980 5706

HEALTH & SAFETY

C

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

257 CC

129

DL-alpha Tocopherol Acetate PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

HMIS classification

Flammability

1

Health

0

Reactivity

0

Aquatic toxicity, Daphnia magna, 48-h LC50

mg l-1

> 20.6

Partition coefficient

logKow

12.25 at 25oC

Manufacturer

-

BASF

Outstanding properties

antioxidant, one of the most potent antioxidants.

Recommended for products

cosmetics

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

USE & PERFORMANCE

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

130

DL-alpha-Tocopherol PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

DL-alpha-Tocopherol

CAS #

-

Chemical name

3,4-dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)2h-1-benzopyran-6-ol

Synonym

Vitamin E

10191-41-0

Structural formula

O OH

Molecular mass

-

430.71

Product contents

assay 80-100%

Other properties

Dl-alpha-tocopherol is a synthetic form of alpha-tocopherol

RTECS number

-

GA8746000

State

-

liquid, viscous

Odor

-

mild, oily

Color

-

light yellow

Boiling point

o

C

200-220 at 0.0133 kPa

Freezing point

o

C

2.5-3.5

pH

-

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

5-9

Density at 20 C

kg m

Viscosity

mPa.s

Viscosity temperature

o

C

20

Autoignition temperature

o

C

420

Flash point

o

C

LD50, oral, rat

mg kg

>9000

NFPA classification

Flammability

1

Health

2

Reactivity

0

Flammability

1

Health

2

Reactivity

0

o

950

-3

4200

HEALTH & SAFETY

HMIS classification

260 -1

Skin irritation

May cause an allergic skin reaction

Target organs

skin

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

131

DL-alpha-Tocopherol PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

US safety phrases, S

S26,S37/39

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Aquatic toxicity, Daphnia magna, 48-h LC50

mg l-1

Biodegradation probability

70-80 % BOD of the ThOD (63 days)

Partition coefficient

logKow

>6 BASF

>500

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

-

Outstanding properties

antioxidant, protection against free radicals, molecules that can damage cells, including brain cells, tissues and organs.

Recommended for products

cosmetics

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

132

DL-alpha Tocopherol Acetate PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

DL-alpha Tocopherol Acetate

CAS #

-

EC number

231-710-0 or 257-757-7

Chemical name

2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)chroman-6-yl acetate

Synonym

vitamin E acetate

Category

tocopherol acetate

Chemical formula

-

7695-91-2

C31H52O3

Structural formula

O

O O

Molecular mass

-

472.74

Biobased

-

N

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

liquid, viscous

Color

-

colorless to amber

Boiling point

o

C

Freezing point

o

C

Density at 20oC

kg m-3

980 generic

343 26.5-27.5 (lit.)

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

-

Outstanding properties

one of the most potent antioxidants

Recommended for products

cosmetics, supplement and antioxidant for foodstuff

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

133

DL-alpha-Tocopherol PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

DL-alpha-Tocopherol

CAS #

-

10191-41-0

EC number

-

233-466-0

Chemical name

3,4-dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol

Synonym

DL-all-rac-α-Tocopherol

Category

tocopherol

Chemical formula

-

C29H50O2

Structural formula

O OH

Molecular mass

-

430.7

Biobased

-

N

Product contents

assay 90-100%

Other properties

Dl-alpha-tocopherol is a synthetic form of alpha-tocopherol, synthetic vitamin E is esterified to form eight isomers, only one of which has the identical chemical makeup of natural vitamin E.

RTECS number

-

GA8746000

-

liquid, viscous

Odor

-

characteristic

Color

colorless to yellow to brown

Boiling point

o

C

200-220 at 0.0133 kPa

Freezing point

o

C

2-5

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

Refractive index at 20 C

-

1.506

Density at 20oC

kg m-3

950

-

0.95

o

Specific gravity Solubility in solvents at 20 C

miscible with: ethanol, DMSO, DMF

Viscosity

mPa.s

Viscosity temperature

o

Vapor pressure

kPa

Vapor pressure temperature

o

o

C C

4200 20 0.186651 25

HEALTH & SAFETY Carcinogenicity IARC

-

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

N 134

DL-alpha-Tocopherol PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Carcinogenicity NTP

-

N

Carcinogenicity OSHA

-

N

Mutagenicity

no mutagenic effects reported

Flash point

o

Flash point method

-

C

210 TCC >3000

LD50, oral, rat

mg kg

Skin irritation

May cause an allergic skin reaction

Target organs

skin

-1

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Aquatic toxicity, Daphnia magna, 48-h LC50

mg l-1

>100

Aquatic toxicity, Rainbow trout, 96-h LC50

mg l

>100

Biological oxygen demand

30-40% BOD of the ThOD (28 days)

Partition coefficient

logKow

-1

10.962 (est)

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Cayman Chemical, SigmaAldrich

Outstanding properties

synthetic form of vitamin E is esterified to form eight isomers, only one of which has the identical chemical makeup of natural vitamin E. The remaining seven isomers have limited bioactivity in your body and have about half the function of natural vitamin E. In supplements and fortified foods'

Recommended for products

cosmetics

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

135

DPPH radical PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

DPPH radical

CAS #

-

1898-66-4

EC number

-

217-591-8

Chemical name

2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl

Synonym

2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) hydrazyl

Acronym

-

Chemical formula

-

DPPH C18H12N5O6

Structural formula

O2N N

NO2

N NO2

Molecular mass

-

394.3

Mixture

-

N

Product contents

assay >99%

RTECS number

-

MW3250000

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

solid, powder, crystalline

Freezing point

o

Solubility in solvents at 20 C o

C

130

ethanol, DMF

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

HMIS classification

Flammability

1

Health

2

Reactivity

0

Flammability

1

Health

2

Reactivity

0

Ingestion

Harmful if swallowed.

Skin irritation

Causes skin irritation.

Eye irritation

Causes serious eye irritation.

Inhalation

May cause respiratory irritation.

UN number

-

UN risk phrases, R

R28,R36/37/38

US safety phrases, S

S22,S24/25,S26,S28,S36/37/39,S45 ,S60

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

2811

136

DPPH radical PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Cayman Chemical Co.

Outstanding properties

used to evaluate the ability of compounds to act as free radical scavengers or hydrogen donors and to measure the antioxidant activity of tissue extracts. The reaction of DPPH with an antioxidant or reducing compound produces the corresponding hydrazine DPPH2, which can be followed by color change from purple to yellow

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

137

Ebselen PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Ebselen

CAS #

-

Chemical name

2-phenyl-1,2-benzisoselenazol-3(2H)one

Synonym

Harmokisane

Chemical formula

-

60940-34-3

C13H9NOSe

Structural formula

N Se

Molecular mass

-

274.2

Mixture

-

N

RTECS number

-

DE4140750

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

solid

Color

-

white to off-white

Freezing point

o

Solubility in solvents at 20 C o

C

180-181

100% ethanol, DMSO

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

ENZO, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.

Outstanding properties

anti-inflammatory antioxidant

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

138

Ellagic Acid PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Ellagic Acid

CAS #

-

476-66-4

EC number

-

207-508-3

Chemical name

2,3,7,8-tetrahydroxy-[1] benzopyrano[5,4,3-cde][1]benzopyran-5,10-dione

Synonym

benzoaric acid

Acronym

-

Category

polyphenols

Chemical formula

-

TBBD C14H6O8

Structural formula

OH O

O

HO

OH

O

O

OH

Molecular mass

-

302.2

Mixture

-

N

Biobased

-

Y

Product contents

assay >99% (HPLC)

Other properties

found in oak species such as the North American white oak (Quercus alba), European red oak (Quercus robur), Highest levels of ellagic acid are found in walnuts, pecans, cranberries, raspberries, strawberries, grapes, also found in peaches and pomegranates.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

solid, powder, crystalline C

300

Freezing point

o

Density at 20 C

kg m

Maximum UV absorbance

nm

256, 365

-

generic

o

-3

1670

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

139

Ellagic Acid PARAMETER

UNIT

Outstanding properties

potent antioxidant, that has ability to fight cancer and other diseases. It may bind to chemicals that cause cancer, and it may prevent the growth of cancer cells. However, ellagic acid is poorly absorbed and is also eliminated quickly from the body. These characteristics may limit its usefulness as a medicine.

Recommended for products

cosmetics as a skin lightening agent

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

VALUE

140

Epigallocatechin gallate PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Epigallocatechin gallate

CAS #

-

989-51-5

EC number

-

479-560-7

Chemical name

epigallocatechin-3-gallate

Synonym

(2R,3R)-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)3,4dihydro-1(2H)-benzopyran-3,5,7-triol 3-(3,4,5trihydroxybenzoate)

Acronym

-

Category

polyphenolic

Chemical formula

-

EGCG C22H18O11

Structural formula

OH OH HO

OH O OH

OH O OH OH

Molecular mass

-

458.375

Mixture

-

N

Biobased

-

Y

Product contents

assay >98%

Other properties

found in high content in the dried leaves of green tea, white tea, and in smaller quantities, black tea

RTECS number

-

KB5200000

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

solid, powder, crystalline

Color

-

Freezing point

o

Solubility in solvents at 20 C o

C

off-white 218

ethanol, DMSO

HEALTH & SAFETY Flash point

o

C

Flash point method

-

Skin irritation

Causes skin irritation.

Eye irritation

Causes serious eye irritation.

Inhalation

May cause respiratory irritation.

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

320 TCC

141

Epigallocatechin gallate PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Manufacturer

-

generic

Outstanding properties

natural antioxidants, help prevent cell damage, can reduce the formation of free radicals in the body, protecting cells and molecules from damage

Recommended for products

cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, dietary supplements,

USE & PERFORMANCE

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

142

Eriodictyol PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Eriodictyol

CAS #

-

552-58-9

EC number

-

209-016-4

Chemical name

(S)-3′,4′,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavanone

Synonym

4H-1-benzopyran-4-one,2-(3,4dihydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-5,7dihydrox

Category

flavanone

Chemical formula

-

C15H12O6

Structural formula

OH

HO

O

OH

O

OH

Molecular mass

-

288.5

Mixture

-

N

Biobased

-

Y

Product contents

assay >95%

Other properties

found in yerba santa (Eriodictyon californicum), fruits of citrus sinensis, rose hips (Rosa canina)

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

solid, powder

Odor

-

characteristic

Color

-

off-white to beige

Freezing point

o

C

262-270

Refractive index at 20 C

-

1.725

Density at 20oC

kg m-3

1586

Flammability

0

Health

2

Reactivity

0

Flammability

0

Health

2

Reactivity

0

o

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

HMIS classification

Ingestion

Harmful if swallowed.

Skin irritation

May cause skin irritation.

Eye irritation

Causes serious eye irritation.

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

143

Eriodictyol PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Inhalation

May cause respiratory track irritation.

UN risk phrases, R

R36/37/38

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

-

Outstanding properties

exhibits activities of antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant.

Recommended for products

pharmaceuticals as an expectorant.

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generic

144

Erythorbic Acid PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Erythorbic Acid

CAS #

-

89-65-6

EC number

-

201-928-0

Chemical name

d-erythro-hex-2-enoic acid γ-lactone

Synonym

D-araboascorbic acid

Chemical formula

-

C6H8O6

Structural formula

OH

HO H HO

O

O

OH

Molecular mass

-

Product contents

assay >99%

176.12

Other properties

stereoisomer of ascorbic acid

RTECS number

-

KF3015000

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

solid, powder, crystalline

Odor

-

odorless

Color

-

white to off-white

Boiling point

o

C

227.71 (estimate)

Freezing point

o

C

169-172

Particle size, D50

98%

Other properties

isolated from the peel of Aesculus hippocastanum L.

RTECS number

-

GN6382500

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

solid, powder, crystalline

Odor

-

characteristic

Color

-

white to light yellow

Acid dissociation constant

pKa

7.74

Boiling point

o

C

Freezing point

o

C

Refractive index at 20oC

-

1.69 (est)

Density at 20oC

kg m-3

1560

Solubility in solvents at 20 C o

469.7 (est) 273 (lit.)

DMSO, DMF, slightly soluble in glacial acetic acid, and hot ethanol

HEALTH & SAFETY Flash point

o

Flash point method

-

TCC

NFPA classification

Flammability

1

Health

2

Reactivity

0

Flammability

1

Health

2

Reactivity

0

HMIS classification

C

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

201.5

146

Esculetin PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Skin irritation

Causes skin irritation.

Eye irritation

Causes serious eye irritation.

Inhalation

May cause respiratory irritation.

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.

Outstanding properties

antioxidant, reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and modulate oxidantsensitive enzymes

Recommended for products

cosmetics, skin conditioning

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

147

Etiolifotine PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Etiolifotine

CAS #

-

Chemical name

(5-methyl-2-propan-2-ylphenyl) (E)3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate

Synonym

thymyl 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamate

Category

phenolic

Chemical formula

-

504394-57-4

C22H26O5

Structural formula O O

O

O O

Molecular mass

-

370.45

Biobased

-

N

Product contents

assay ≥95%

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

solid, powder

Color

-

white to off-white

Freezing point

o

C

170-174

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

-

Outstanding properties

antioxidant, exhibits free radical scavenging activity 5 times higher than vitamin E

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

Inabata

148

Evernox 10 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Evernox 10

CAS #

-

6683-19-8

EC number

-

229-722-6

Chemical name

tetrakis [methylene (3,5-di-tert-butyl4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate)] methane

Category

phenolic, primary antioxidant

Chemical formula

-

C73H108O12

Structural formula HO

O O O

O

O O OH

O O

OH

OH

Molecular mass

-

1178

Mixture

-

N

Product contents

assay 100%

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

solid, free-flowing powder or granular

Odor

-

odorless

Color

-

white

Hazen color value

-

86/24H

Aquatic toxicity, Zebra fish, 96-h LC50

mg l-1

Bioconcentration factor

100

23

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Everspring Chemical Co., Ltd.

Outstanding properties

provides long term thermal stabilization, high resistance to extraction, low volatility

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

150

Evernox 10 PARAMETER

UNIT

Recommended for polymers

PE, PP, EVA, PA, POM, PUR, PET, PVC, styrenic like IBS, ABS, elastomers like SBS, SEBS, EPM

Costabilzers enhancing light stability

synergy with Everfos 168

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

VALUE

151

Evernox 76 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Evernox 76

CAS #

-

2082-79-3

EC number

-

218-216-0

Chemical name

octadecyl-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionate

Category

phenolic, primary antioxidant

Chemical formula

-

C35H62O3

Structural formula

O OCH2(CH2)16CH3 HO

Molecular mass

-

531

Mixture

-

N

Product contents

assay >99%

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

solid, free-flowing powder or granular

Odor

-

odorless

Color

-

white

Hazen color value

-

100

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Everspring Chemical Co., Ltd.

Outstanding properties

highly effective, non-discoloring, odorless, good compatibility with most substrates, high resistance to extraction

Recommended for polymers

PE, PP, PBT, PUR, IPS, ABS, MBS, SBS, SBR, BR

Costabilzers enhancing light stability

synergy with Everfos 168

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

153

Evernox 565 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Evernox 565

CAS #

-

991-84-4

EC number

-

213-590-1

Chemical name

2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-[[4,6-bis(octylthio)1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]phenol

Category

phenolic

Chemical formula

-

C33H56N4OS2

Structural formula

H N HO

N N

S N S

Molecular mass

-

589

Mixture

-

N

Product contents

assay >98%

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

Color

white to slightly yellow

Freezing point

o

C

solid, powder 91-96

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

Solubility in solvents at 20oC

20% in acetone, 43% in benzene, 39% in chloroform, 46% in ethyl acetate, 6% in n-hexane, 1.4% in methanol

Volatility

wt%

98%

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

solid, free-flowing powder or granular

Color

-

Freezing point

o

C

white 156-162

Specific gravity

-

Specific gravity temperature

o

Solubility in solvents at 20oC

2% in acetone, 6.6% in chloroform, 1.2% in ethyl acetate, 0.01% in n-hexane, 6% in methanol

Thermogravimetric analysis in air, %/oC

1/280;10/340

Vapor pressure

kPa

Vapor pressure temperature

o

C

C

1.04 20

1.30E-14 20

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Everspring Chemical Co., Ltd.

Outstanding properties

excellent compatibility with PA, high resistance to extraction, low volatility, excellent processing and long-term thermal stability

Potential substitute for

Irganox 1098

Recommended for polymers

PA, PU

Recommended for products

polyamid molded parts, fibers, films

Costabilzers enhancing light stability

synergy with Everfos 168

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

156

Evernox 1135 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Evernox 1135

CAS #

-

125643-61-0

EC number

-

406-040-9

Chemical name

octyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl1-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate

Category

phenolic, primary antioxidant

Chemical formula

-

C25H42O3

Structural formula HO O O

Molecular mass

-

390

Mixture

-

N

Product contents

assay >98%

Moisture

%

200

Freezing point

o

C

50% in acetone, >50% in benzene, >50% in ethyl acetate, >50% in chloroform, 50% in 1,1-dichloromethane, >50% in methanol

C

0.95-1.0 20

Viscosity

mPa.s

Viscosity temperature

o

Vapor pressure

kPa

Vapor pressure temperature

o

C

20

o

C

210

C

220 20 1.50E-05

HEALTH & SAFETY Flash point

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Everspring Chemical Co., Ltd.

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

157

Evernox 1135 PARAMETER

UNIT

Outstanding properties

provides long term thermal stabilization, prevents formation of peroxides and scorching during foaming

Potential substitute for

Irganox 1135

Recommended for polymers

TPE, PUR, PMMA, PVB

Concentration used

wt%

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

VALUE

0.15-0.5

158

Evernox 1330 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Evernox 1330

CAS #

-

1709-70-2

EC number

-

216-971-0

Chemical name

3,3’,3’,5,5’,5’-hexa-tert-butyl-a,a’,a’(mesitylene-2,4,6-triyl)tri-p-cresol

Category

phenolic, primary antioxidant

Chemical formula

-

C54H78O3

Structural formula

t-Bu OH t-Bu t-Bu

H 3C

CH3

t-Bu

HO t-Bu

OH CH3

Molecular mass

-

775

Mixture

-

N

Product contents

assay >99%

RTECS number

-

-

t Bu

DC3750000

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

solid, free-flowing powder or granular

Color

-

white

Ash

%

100/72H

Aquatic toxicity, Daphnia magna, 24-h LC50

mg l

-1

15

Aquatic toxicity, Zebra fish, 96-h LC50

mg l

-1

>100

Bioconcentration factor

6

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Everspring Chemical Co., Ltd.

Outstanding properties

long-term thermal stabilization

Potential substitute for

Irganox 3114

Recommended for polymers

PE, PP, PS, PVC (rigid), HIPS, TPE

Recommended for products

fibers, textiles, carpets fibers,

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

164

Evernox MD1024 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Evernox MD1024

CAS #

-

32687-78-8

EC number

-

251-156-3

Chemical name

2',3-bis[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionyl] propionohydazide

Category

phenolic, primary antioxidant

Chemical formula

-

C34H52N2O4

Structural formula HO

H N O

O N H

Molecular mass

-

552.8

Mixture

-

N

Product contents

assay >99%

OH

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

solid, powder

Ash

%

2000

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Aquatic toxicity, Daphnia magna, 24-h LC50

mg l-1

15

Aquatic toxicity, Zebra fish, 96-h LC50

mg l-1

>100

Bioconcentration factor

3.1-8.4/ 60 days

Biodegradation probability

not readily biodegradable

Partition coefficient

logKow

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

380

>6

165

Evernox MD1024 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Everspring Chemical Co., Ltd.

Outstanding properties

antioxidant and metal deactivator for polyolefins and some thermoplastic elastomers and as primary insulation in contact with copper

Potential substitute for

Irganox MD 1024

Recommended for polymers

TPE, TPV

Recommended for products

wire and cable, fuel hoses

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

166

Ferulic Acid PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Ferulic Acid

CAS #

-

1135-24-6

EC number

-

214-490-0

Chemical name

4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid

Synonym

3-methoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid

Acronym

-

Category

polyphenols

FA

Chemical formula

-

C10H10O4

Structural formula

O OH HO OCH3

Molecular mass

-

194.18

Mixture

-

N

Biobased

-

Y or synthetic

Product contents

assay 90-100%

Other properties

present in the cell walls of plants such as wheat, rice, peanuts, coffee, oranges, apples

RTECS number

-

UD3365500

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

solid, powder, crystalline

Color

-

light brown

Acid dissociation constant

pKa

4.61

Freezing point

o

C

168-172

HEALTH & SAFETY NFPA classification

HMIS classification

Flammability

0

Health

2

Reactivity

0

Flammability

0

Health

2

Reactivity

0

Ingestion

Harmful if swallowed.

Skin irritation

Causes skin irritation

Eye irritation

Causes serious eye irritation

Inhalation

May cause respiratory track irritation.

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

167

Ferulic Acid PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Manufacturer

-

generic

Outstanding properties

potent antioxidant capacity attributed to its phenolic nucleus and extended side chain conjugation. Exhibits a wide range of therapeutic properties like anti-inflammatory, antiatherogenic, antidiabetic, antiaging, neuroprotective, radioprotective and hepatoprotective effects.

Recommended for products

herbal antioxidant formula, vitamin and herbal health supplements, act synergistically with vitamins C and E, reducing thymine dimer formation in skin exposed to UVB irradiation

USE & PERFORMANCE

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

168

Flavoxan 14 PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Flavoxan 14

CAS #

8001-21-6, 84604-14-8, 8002-43-5, 59-02-9

EC number

232-273-9, 283-291-9, 232-307-2, 200-412-2

Chemical name

INCI (CTFA): helianthus annuus (sunflower) seed oil + rosmarinus oficinalis (rosemary) leaf extract + sunflower lecithin + tocopherol

Mixture

-

Y

Biobased

-

Y/plant extracts

Product contents

7-9 % total antioxidative phenolic diterpenes (calc. as carnosic acid) with carnosic acid as main component; sunflower oil (organic), sunflower lecithin, residual content of ethanol < 2 %, 0,5 - 0,7 % natural mixture of GMO free tocopherols.

Moisture

g cm-3

1

State

-

liquid, viscous

Color

-

brown

Solubility in solvents at 20oC

< 4% ethyl alcohol

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

HEALTH & SAFETY Flash point

o

Flash point method

-

C

>100 Abel-Pensky

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Flavex Naturextrakte GmbH

Outstanding properties

antioxidant, stabilization of fatty oils, carotenoids, essential oil against oxidation

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

169

Flexamine PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

Flexamine

Chemical name

diarylamine-ketone reaction product and N,N’-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine

Synonym

1,4-bis(phenylamino)benzene

Category

secondary amine

Mixture

-

Y

Biobased

-

N

Product contents

65% diarylamine-ketone reaction product + 35% N,N’-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

solid, powder or granules

Color

brown to dark brown

Freezing point

o

C

87

Specific gravity

-

Solubility in solvents at 20oC

acetone, ethylene dichloride, benzene

1.17

HEALTH & SAFETY Chronic effects

skin, respiratory tract

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

Crompton/Uniroyal Chemical

Outstanding properties

antioxidant, protects natural and synthetic rubbers from deterioration initiated by copper or manganese, heat, flexing fatigue, and oxygen.

Recommended for polymers

natural rubber, PA

Recommended for products

wire insulation, linesmen’s blankets, gloves

Concentration used

rubber articles intended for repeated Use 260

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Partition coefficient

USE & PERFORMANCE Manufacturer

-

Outstanding properties

antioxidant properties, provides excellent emollient and conditioning, low in odor, nearly colorless and biodegradable.

Recommended for products

multi-functional cosmetic active ingredient for personal care product

Databook of Antioxidants/Copyrights 2020; ChemTec Publishing

171

FSS Vitamin ACE-BC Liposome PF PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

GENERAL INFORMATION Name

FSS Vitamin ACE-BC Liposome PF

CAS #

7732-18-5, 123465-35-0, 1686112-106 (or) 84775-94-0, 79-81-2, 137-66-6, 7695-91-2, 7235-40-7

EC number

231-791-2, N/A, N/A or 283-918-6, 201228-5, 205-305-4, 231-710-0, 230-636-6

Chemical name

aqua, phospholipids, retinyl palmitate, ascorbyl palmitate, tocopheryl acetate, beta-carotene

Category

liposomes

Biobased

-

Product contents

84% cas 7732-18-5, 10% cas 12346535-0, 2% cas 1686112-10-6 (or) cas 84775-94-0, 1% cas 79-81-2, 1% cas 137-66-6, 1% cas 7695-91-2, 1% cas 7235-40-7

Y

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State

-

liquid

Odor

-

characteristic

Color

-

opaque milky

Boiling point

o

C

100

Freezing point

o

C

0

Total plate count

cfu g-1