Contemporary African Politics and Development: A Comprehensive Bibliography, 1981-1990 9781685854850

Table of contents :
CONTENTS
Expanded Contents
Acknowledgments
Map of Africa
Introduction
THE BIBLIOGRAPHY
AFRICA
ALGERIA
ANGOLA
BENIN
BOTSWANA
BURKINA FASO
BURUNDI
CAMEROON
CAPE VERDE
CENTRAL AFRICA
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
CHAD
COMOROS
CÔTE D'IVOIRE
DJIBOUTI
EAST AFRICA
EQUATORIAL GUINEA
ETHIOPIA
GABON
GAMBIA
GHANA
GUINEA
GUINEA-BISSAU
KENYA
LESOTHO
LIBERIA
LIBYA
MADAGASCAR
MALAWI
MALI
MAURITANIA
MAURITIUS
MOROCCO
MOZAMBIQUE
NAMIBIA
NIGER
NIGERIA
NORTH AFRICA
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA
REUNION
RWANDA
SAO TOMÉ AND PRÍNCIPE
SENEGAL
SEYCHELLES
SIERRA LEONE
SOMALIA
SOUTHERN AFRICA
SUDAN
SWAZILAND
TANZANIA
TOGO
TUNISIA
UGANDA
WEST AFRICA
WESTERN SAHARA
ZAIRE
ZAMBIA
ZIMBABWE
Appendix 1 : Subject and Topic Headings
Appendix 2: Frequently Used Acronyms
Appendix 3: Changes in Country Names
Appendix 4: Journals Referenced
AUTHOR/EDITOR INDEX
KEYWORD INDEX

Citation preview

CONTEMPORARY AFRICAN POLITICS AND DEVELOPMENT • A Comprehensive Bibliography, 1981-1990

Project Staff EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

Vijitha Mahadevan PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Michael F. Lofchie ASSOCIATE EDITOR

Wendy Belcher ASSISTANT EDITORS

Katherine Sadler Todd Heller Hamidou Soumah CORE PROJECT STAFF

Wendy Belcher, Eric Birn, Todd Heller, Terry O'Sullivan, David Patrow, Katherine Sadler, Hamidou Soumah OTHER CONTRIBUTORS

Agbenyega Adedze, Geoffrey Bergen, Bonnie Cordes, Julita De Leon, Asamenew Gebeyhu, Mark Gordon, James Hall, Janna Halverson, Kate Hemion, James Hudgens, Maudelyn Johnson, Moussa Konate, Gregory Larkin, Niels Miller, Kanan Patel, Carol Turpen, Sharifa Zuhur COMPUTER SUPPORT

Peter Bodner, Melinda Chesbro, Kyriakes Kyriakides, Ed Pai, Gene Sheppard

CONTEMPORARY AFRICAN POLITICS AND DEVELOPMENT A Comprehensive Bibliography, 1981-1990

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

Vijitha Mahadevan ASSOCIATE EDITOR

Wendy Belcher ASSISTANT EDITORS

Katherine Sadler Todd Heller Hamidou Soumah

LYN NE RIENNER PUBLISHERS

BOULDER LONDON

To my parents —V.M.

Published in the United States of America in 1994 by Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc. 1800 30th Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301 and in the United Kingdom by Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc. 3 Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, London WC2E 8LU ©1994 by Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Contemporary African politics and development: a comprehensive bibliography, 1981-1990 / editor-in-chief Vijitha Mahadevan Includes bibliographical references and indexes. ISBN 1-55587-334-0 (alk. paper) 1. Africa—Economic conditions—1960- Bibliography. 2. Africa—Economic policy— Bibliography. 3. Africa—Social conditions—1960- Bibliography. 4. Africa—Politics and government—1960- Bibliography. I. Mahadevan, Vijitha. II. Belcher, Wendy Laura. Z7165.A4C66 1994 [HC800] 016.3396—dc20 94-3602 CIP British Cataloguing in Publication Data A Cataloguing in Publication Record for this book is available from the British Library. Printed and bound in the United States of America ^

The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials Z39.48-1984.

CONTENTS Expanded Contents, vii Acknowledgments, xvii Map of Africa, xviii Introduction, xix

THE BIBLIOGRAPHY, 1 Appendix Appendix Appendix Appendix

1: Subject and Topic Headings, 1141 2: Frequently Used Acronyms, 1147 3: Changes in Country Names, 1149 4: Journals Referenced, 1151

AUTHOR/EDITOR INDEX, 1155 KEYWORD INDEX, 1221

EXPANDED CONTENTS Acknowledgments, xvii Map of Africa, xviii Introduction, xix THE BIBLIOGRAPHY, 1 AFRICA, 1

Agriculture 1, Class 22, Colonialism 23, Economics 26, Education 58, Environment 64, Foreign Relations 68, General 93, Health 126, Household and Family 130, Human/Civil Rights 132, Industry 135, Labor 140, Legal System 142, Media and Culture 146, Migration 150, Military Affairs 152, Planning and Development 160, Politics 166, Population 194, Private Sector 197, Race Relations 198, Regionalism/Nationalism 199, Religion 206, Rural Development 209, Social Movement 212, Socioeconomic Analysis 213, Technology 215, Trade 217, Urban Development 220, Women and Gender 223 ALGERIA, 2 3 1

Agriculture 231, Class 232, Colonialism 232, Economics 232, Education 233, Foreign Relations 234, General 234, Household and Family 239, Industry 239, Labor 240, Legal System 240, Media and Culture 240, Military Affairs 241, Planning and Development 241, Politics 241, Population 243, Private Sector 243, Regionalism/Nationalism 243, Religion 244, Rural Development 244, Social Movement 245, Socioeconomic Analysis 245, Technology 245, Urban Development 245, Women and Gender 245 ANGOLA, 2 4 6

Agriculture 246, Class 246, Colonialism 246, Economics 246, Foreign Relations 247, General 248, Human/Civil Rights 250, Industry 250, Labor 250, Migration 250, Military Affairs 250, Planning and Development 251, Politics 251, Population 252, Regionalism/Nationalism 252 , Social Movement 252 BENIN, 2 5 3

Agriculture 253, Class 253, Economics 253, Education 253, Environment 253, Foreign Relations 253, General 254, Health 255, Industry 255, Legal System 255, Military Affairs 255, Planning and Development 255, Politics 255, Population 256, Regionalism/Nationalism 256, Rural Development 256, Socioeconomic Analysis 256, Urban Development 256, Women and Gender 257 BOTSWANA, 2 5 7

Agriculture 257, Class 258, Colonialism 258, Economics 258, Education 260, Environment 260, Foreign Relations 260, General 261, Household and Family 264, Industry 264, Labor 264, Legal System 265, Migration 265, Military Affairs 266, Planning and Development 266, Politics 266, Population 268, Private Sector 268, Regionalism/Nationalism 268, Rural Development 268, Socioeconomic Analysis 268, Trade 268, Urban Development 269, Women and Gender 269

vii

viii

• Expanded Contents

BURKINA FASO, 2 6 9

Agriculture 269, Class 270, Colonialism 271, Economics 271, Education 271, Environment 271, Foreign Relations 271, General 271, Health 273, Household and Family 274, Industry 274, Labor 274, Legal System 274, Migration 274, Military Affairs 275, Politics 275, Population 277, Private Sector, 277, Regionalism/Nationalism 277, Religion 277, Rural Development 278, Socioeconomic Analysis 278, Trade 278, Urban Development 278, Women and Gender 278 BURUNDI, 2 7 9

Agriculture 279, Economics 279, Education 279, Environment 280, General 280, Human/Civil Rights 281, Migration 281, Military Affairs 281, Politics 281, Population 281, Regionalism/Nationalism 281, Rural Development 281 CAMEROON, 2 8 2

Agriculture 282, Class 284, Colonialism 284, Economics 284, Education 285, Foreign Relations 286, General 286, Health 290, Household and Family 291, Industry 291, Labor 291, Legal System 292, Media and Culture 292, Migration 293, Military Affairs 293, Planning and Development 293, Politics 293, Population 296, Private Sector 297, Regionalism/Nationalism 297, Religion 297, Rural Development 297, Socioeconomic Analysis 298, Technology 298, Trade 298, Urban Development 298, Women and Gender 299 CAPE VERDE, 2 9 9

Agriculture 299, Colonialism 300, Economics 300, Foreign Relations 300, General 300, Planning and Development 300, Politics 300, Population 300, Social Movement 300, Women and Gender 300 CENTRAL AFRICA, 301

Agriculture 301, Class 301, Economics 301, Education 301, Environment 301, Foreign Relations 301, General 301, Industry 303, Legal System 303, Media and Culture 303, Military Affairs 303, Planning and Development 303, Politics 303, Population 303, Regionalism/Nationalism 303, Religion 304, Social Movement 304, Socioeconomic Analysis 304, Urban Development 304, Women and Gender 304 CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC, 3 0 4

Agriculture 304, Economics 305, Education 305, Foreign Relations 305, General 305, Industry 306, Legal System 306, Media and Culture 306, Politics 306, Population 307, Private Sector 307, Religion 307, Urban Development 307 CHAD, 3 0 7

Agriculture 307, Economics 307, Education 307, Environment 308, Foreign Relations 308, General 308, Health 309, Legal System 309, Media and Culture 310, Military Affairs 310, Planning and Development 311, Politics 311, Population 312, Regionalism/Nationalism 312, Rural Development 312, Social Movement 313, Women and Gender 313

Expanded Contents • ix COMOROS, 3 1 3

Agriculture 313, Colonialism 313, Economics 313, Education 313, General 313, Military Affairs 314, Politics 314, Population 314, Religion 314 CONGO, 3 1 4

Agriculture 314, Colonialism 315, Economics 315, Education 315, Foreign Relations 316, General 316, Health 317, Household and Family 318, Industry 318, Legal System 318, Military Affairs 319, Planning and Development 319, Politics 319, Population 320, Religion 320, Rural Development 320, Social Movement 320, Socioeconomic Analysis 320, Urban Development 320, Women and Gender 320 CÔTE D'IVOIRE, 321

Agriculture 321, Class 324, Colonialism 324, Economics 324, Education 328, Environment 328, Foreign Relations 328, General 329, Health 332, Household and Family 332, Industry 333, Labor 333, Legal System 333, Media and Culture 333, Migration 334, Military Affairs 334, Planning and Development 334, Politics 334, Population 337, Private Sector 337, Regionalism/Nationalism 337, Religion 338, Rural Development 338, Socioeconomic Analysis 338, Trade 338, Urban Development 338, Women and Gender 339 DJIBOUTI, 3 3 9

Agriculture 339, Colonialism 339, Economics 339, General 339, Industry 340, Military Affairs 340, Population 340, Regionalism/Nationalism, 340, Religion 340, Women and Gender 340 EAST AFRICA, 3 4 0

Agriculture 340, Colonialism 341, Economics 341, Education 342, Environment 343, Foreign Relations 343, General 344, Health 347, Household and Family 348, Human/Civil Rights 348, Industry 348, Legal System 348, Media and Culture 348, Migration 348, Military Affairs 348, Planning and Development 349, Politics 349, Population 349, Regionalism/Nationalism 349, Religion 350, Rural Development 350, Social Movement 350, Socioeconomic Analysis 350, Technology 351, Trade 351, Urban Development 351, Women and Gender 351 EQUATORIAL GUINEA, 3 5 1

Colonialism 351, Economics 351, Education 352, General 352, Human/Civil Rights 352, Politics 352, Religion 353 ETHIOPIA, 3 5 3

Agriculture 353, Class 358, Colonialism 358, Economics 359, Education 360, Environment 361, Foreign Relations 362, General 363, Health 369, Human/Civil Rights 370, Industry 370, Labor 370, Legal System 370, Media and Culture 371, Migration 371, Military Affairs 371, Planning and Development 372, Politics 373, Population 375, Regionalism/Nationalism 376, Religion 376, Rural Development 376, Social Movement 377, Socioeconomic Analysis 378, Technology 378, Urban Development 378, Women and Gender 378

x

• Expanded Contents

GABON, 3 7 9

Agriculture 379, Colonialism 379, Economics 379, Education 380, Environment 380, Foreign Relations 380, General 380, Industry 380, Legal System 381, Military Affairs 381, Planning and Development 381, Politics 381, Population 382, Urban Development 382 GAMBIA, 3 8 2

Agriculture 382, Colonialism 382, Education 382, Foreign Relations 383, General 383, Household and Family 383, Industry 384, Labor 384, Migration 384, Planning and Development 384, Politics 384, Regionalism/Nationalism 384, Religion 384, Socioeconomic Analysis 384, Trade 385, Urban Development 385, Women and Gender 385 GHANA, 3 8 5

Agriculture 385, Class 387, Colonialism 388, Economics 388, Education 392, Environment 392, Foreign Relations 392, General 393, Health 398, Household and Family 399, Human/Civil Rights 399, Industry 399, Labor 400, Legal System 400, Media and Culture 401, Migration 401, Military Affairs 401, Planning and Development 402, Politics 403, Population 407, Private Sector 408, Regionalism/Nationalism 408, Religion 408, Rural Development 408, Social Movement 409, Socioeconomic Analysis 409, Technology 409, Trade 409, Urban Development 409, Women and Gender 410 GUINEA, 4 1 1

Agriculture 411, Colonialism 411, Economics 411, Foreign Relations 412, General 412, Human/Civil Rights 412, Industry 413, Legal System 413, Military Affairs 413, Politics 413, Private Sector 413, Regionalism/Nationalism 413, Rural Development 413 GUINEA-BISSAU, 4 1 4

Agriculture 414, Colonialism 414, Economics 414, Education 414, Foreign Relations 414, General 414, Health 415, Media and Culture 415, Military Affairs 415, Planning and Development 415, Politics 416, Rural Development 416, Social Movement 416, Women and Gender 416 KENYA, 4 1 7

Agriculture 417, Class 425, Colonialism 426, Economics 426, Education 429, Environment 431, Foreign Relations 432, General 433, Health 443, Household and Family 444, Human/Civil Rights 444, Industry 444, Labor 446, Legal System 447, Media and Culture 447, Migration 448, Military Affairs 448, Planning and Development 448, Politics 451, Population 454, Private Sector 455, Regionalism/Nationalism 455, Religion 455, Rural Development 455, Socioeconomic Analysis 456, Technology 457, Trade 457, Urban Development 457, Women and Gender 458 LESOTHO, 4 6 0

Agriculture 460, Economics 461, Education 462, Environment 462, Foreign Relations 462, General 463, Health 465, Household and Family 465, Human/Civil

Expanded Contents • xi Rights 465, Industry 465, Labor 466, Legal System 466, Migration 467, Military Affairs 467, Planning and Development 467, Politics 468, Population 469, Regionalism/Nationalism 469, Religion 469, Rural Development 469, Social Movement 469, Socioeconomic Analysis 469, Women and Gender 469 LIBERIA, 4 7 0

Agriculture 470, Colonialism 470, Economics 470, Education 471, Foreign Relations 471, General 471, Health 473, Industry 473, Labor 473, Media and Culture 473, Military Affairs 473, Planning and Development 473, Politics 474, Population 474, Regionalism/Nationalism 475, Rural Development 475, Urban Development 475 LIBYA, 4 7 5

Agriculture 475, Colonialism 476, Economics 476, Education 477, Environment 477, Foreign Relations 477, General 479, Industry 482, Labor 483, Legal System 483, Media and Culture 483, Migration 483, Military Affairs 483, Planning and Development 484, Politics 484, Population 486, Regionalism/Nationalism 486, Religion 486, Social Movement 486, Trade 486, Urban Development 486, Women and Gender 487 MADAGASCAR, 4 8 7

Agriculture 487, Colonialism 487, Economics 487, Education 488, Foreign Relations 488, General 488, Human/Civil Rights 490, Legal System 490, Media and Culture 490, Military Affairs 490, Planning and Development 490, Politics 490, Population 491, Private Sector 491, Religion 491, Rural Development 491, Socioeconomic Analysis 492, Trade 492, Urban Development 492 MALAWI, 4 9 2

Agriculture 492, Colonialism 493, Economics 493, Education 494, Environment 494, Foreign Relations 494, General 495, Health 496, Human/Civil Rights 496, Industry 497, Labor 497, Legal System 497, Military Affairs 497, Planning and Development 497, Politics 497, Population 498, Private Sector 498, Regionalism/Nationalism 498, Religion 498, Rural Development 498, Socioeconomic Analysis 499, Women and Gender 499 MALI, 4 9 9

Agriculture 499, Class 500, Economics 500, Education 501, Environment 501, Foreign Relations 501, General 501, Health 503, Household and Family 504, Industry 504, Legal System 504, Media and Culture 504, Military Affairs 505, Planning and Development 505, Politics 505, Population 505, Private Sector 506, Religion 506, Rural Development 506, Socioeconomic Analysis 506, Technology 506, Urban Development 506, Women and Gender 507 MAURITANIA, 5 0 7

Agriculture 507, Colonialism 507, Economics 508, Environment 508, Foreign Relations 508, General 508, Health 509, Industry 509, Legal System 509, Migration 509, Military Affairs 509, Planning and Development 509, Politics 510, Population 510, Regionalism/Nationalism 510, Religion 510, Urban Development 510, Women and Gender 510

xii

• Expanded Contents

MAURITIUS, 511

Agriculture 511, Economics 511, Education 511, General 511, Health 512, Industry 512, Labor 512, Legal System 512, Planning and Development 513, Politics 513, Population 513, Religion 513 MOROCCO, 5 1 3

Agriculture 513, Class 515, Economics 515, Education 517, Foreign Relations 517, General 518, Health 521, Household and Family 521, Human/Civil Rights 521, Industry 522, Labor 522, Legal System 522, Media and Culture 523, Migration 523, Military Affairs 523, Planning and Development 524, Politics 524, Population 526, Private Sector 527, Regionalism/Nationalism 527, Religion 527, Socioeconomic Analysis 527, Trade 528, Urban Development 528, Women and Gender 528 MOZAMBIQUE, 5 2 9

Agriculture 529, Class 530, Colonialism 530, Economics 530, Education 531, Foreign Relations 531, General 532, Health 536, Household and Family 536, Human/Civil Rights 536, Industry 536, Labor 537, Legal System 537, Migration 537, Military Affairs 537, Planning and Development 538, Politics 538, Population 540, Race Relations 540, Regionalism/Nationalism 540, Rural Development 540, Social Movement 540, Urban Development 540, Women and Gender 541 NAMIBIA, 5 4 1

Agriculture 541, Class 542, Colonialism 542, Economics 542, Education 543, Environment 544, Foreign Relations 544, General 546, Health 552, Human/Civil Rights 552, Industry 553, Labor 553, Legal System 554, Migration 554, Military Affairs 554, Planning and Development 555, Politics 555, Race Relations 556, Regionalism/Nationalism 556, Religion 556, Social Movement 557, Trade 558, Women and Gender 558 NIGER, 5 5 8

Agriculture 558, Class 560, Economics 560, Education 560, Environment 561, Foreign Relations 561, General 561, Health 562, Household and Family 562, Industry 562, Labor 562, Legal System 562, Planning and Development 563, Politics 563, Population 563, Private Sector 563, Regionalism/Nationalism 564, Religion 564, Rural Development 564, Urban Development 564, Women and Gender 564 NIGERIA, 5 6 4

Agriculture 564, Class 574, Colonialism 576, Economics 576, Education 603, Environment 610, Foreign Relations 612, General 620, Health 634, Household and Family 636, Human/Civil Rights 637, Industry 637, Labor 642, Legal System 646, Media and Culture 649, Migration 651, Military Affairs 652, Planning and Development 653, Politics 660, Population 688, Private Sector 689, Regionalism/Nationalism 690, Religion 692, Rural Development 693, Social Movement 695, Socioeconomic Analysis 695, Technology 697, Trade 698, Urban Development 698, Women and Gender 702 NORTH AFRICA, 7 0 6

Agriculture 706, Class 706, Colonialism 706, Economics 707, Education 707,

Expanded Contents • xiii Environment 707, Foreign Relations 708, General 708, Health 712, Industry 713, Labor 713, Media and Culture 713, Military Affairs 713, Planning and Development 714, Politics 714, Population 714, Regionalism/Nationalism 714, Religion 715, Trade 715, Urban Development 715, Women and Gender 716 REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA, 7 1 6

Agriculture 716, Class 722, Colonialism 723, Economics 723, Education 733, Environment 739, Foreign Relations 740, General 754, Health 794, Household and Family 797, Human/Civil Rights 798, Industry 802, Labor 805, Legal System 813, Media and Culture 821, Migration 823, Military Affairs 825, Planning and Development 831, Politics 833, Population 847, Private Sector 848, Race Relations 849, Regionalism/Nationalism 853, Religion 854, Rural Development 856, Social Movement 857, Socioeconomic Analysis 860, Trade 867, Urban Development 867, Women and Gender 870 REUNION, 8 7 2

General 872, Politics 872, Population 873, Religion 873, Women and Gender 873 RWANDA, 8 7 3

Agriculture 873, Colonialism 874, Economics 875, Education 875, Environment 875, General 876, Health 877, Household and Family 877, Industry 877, Labor 877, Legal System 878, Media and Culture 878, Migration 878, Military Affairs 878, Planning and Development 878, Politics 879, Population 879, Private Sector 879, Religion'S79, Trade 879, Urban Development 879, Women and Gender 880 SAO TOMÉ AND PRÍNCIPE, 8 8 0

Agriculture 880, Economics 880, General 880, Politics 880, Population 880 SENEGAL, 881

Agriculture 881, Class 883, Economics 883, Education 884, Environment 885, Foreign Relations 885, General 885, Health 890, Household and Family 890, Human/Civil Rights 890, Industry 890, Labor 891, Legal System 891, Media and Culture 892, Migration 892, Military Affairs 893, Planning and Development 893, Politics 893, Population 895, Private Sector 895, Regionalism/Nationalism 896, Religion 896, Rural Development 897, Socioeconomic Analysis 897, Trade 897, Urban Development 897, Women and Gender 898 SEYCHELLES, 8 9 9

Agriculture 899, Economics 899, Education 899, Foreign Relations 899, General 900, Health 900, Household and Family 900, Military Affairs 900, Politics 900 SIERRA LEONE, 9 0 0

Agriculture 900, Class 901, Colonialism 901, Economics 901, Education 902, Foreign Relations 902, General 902, Health 904, Household and Family 904, Industry 904, Labor 904, Legal System 905, Media and Culture 905, Planning and Development 905, Politics 905, Population 906, Regionalism/Nationalism 906, Rural Development 906, Socioeconomic Analysis 907, Technology 907, Urban Development 907, Women and Gender 907

xiv • Expanded Contents SOMALIA, 9 0 8

Agriculture 908, Economics 909, Education 909, Environment 910, Foreign Relations 910, General 910, Health 911, Human/Civil Rights 912, Industry 912, Migration 912, Military Affairs 912, Politics 912, Population 913, Regionalism/Nationalism 913, Rural Development 913, Trade 913, Urban Development 913, Women and Gender 913 SOUTHERN AFRICA, 9 1 4

Agriculture 914, Class 917, Colonialism 917, Economics 917, Education 919, Environment 920, Foreign Relations 920, General 924, Health 933, Human/Civil Rights 934, Industry 934, Labor 934, Legal System 934, Migration 935, Military Affairs 935, Planning and Development 937, Politics 937, Race Relations 938, Regionalism/Nationalism 938, Religion 941, Rural Development 941, Social Movement 941, Socioeconomic Analysis 941, Technology 942, Trade 942, Urban Development 942, Women and Gender 942 SUDAN, 9 4 3

Agriculture 943, Class 947, Colonialism 948, Economics 948, Education 949, Environment 949, Foreign Relations 951, General 951, Health 958, Household and Family 958, Human/Civil Rights 959, Industry 959, Labor 959, Legal System 960, Media and Culture 960, Migration 960, Military Affairs 961, Planning and Development 962, Politics 962, Population 965, Private Sector 965, Regionalism/Nationalism 965, Religion 965, Rural Development 966, Socioeconomic Analysis 966, Trade 967, Urban Development 967, Women and Gender 967 SWAZILAND, 9 6 8

Agriculture 968, Economics 968, Education 968, Environment 969, Foreign Relations 969, General 969, Legal System 970, Migration 970, Planning and Development 970, Politics 970, Population 971, Private Sector 971, Regionalism/Nationalism 971, Rural Development 971, Trade 971, Women and Gender 971 TANZANIA, 9 7 2

Agriculture 972, Class 978, Colonialism 978, Economics 979, Education 983, Environment 985, Foreign Relations 986, General 987, Health 994, Household and Family 994, Human/Civil Rights 994, Industry 995, Labor 996, Legal System 997, Media and Culture 997, Migration 997, Military Affairs 998, Planning and Development 998, Politics 998, Population 1002, Regionalism/Nationalism 1003, Religion 1003, Rural Development 1003, Socioeconomic Analysis 1005, Technology 1005, Trade 1005, Urban Development 1005, Women and Gender 1006 TOGO, 1007

Agriculture 1007, Colonialism 1008, Economics 1008, Education 1008, Foreign Relations 1008, General 1008, Health 1010, Household and Family 1010, Industry 1010, Labor 1010, Legal System 1010, Media and Culture 1011, Military Affairs 1011, Planning and Development 1011, Politics 1011, Population 1012, Private Sector 1012, Regionalism/Nationalism 1012, Religion 1012, Socioeconomic Analysis 1012, Urban Development 1012, Women and Gender 1013

Expanded Contents • xv TUNISIA, 1013

Agriculture 1013, Colonialism 1013, Economics 1014, Education 1014, Environment 1014, Foreign Relations 1015, General 1015, Health 1017, Human/Civil Rights 1017, Industry 1017, Labor 1017, Legal System 1017, Media and Culture 1017, Migration 1017, Military Affairs 1017, Planning and Development 1017, Politics 1018, Population 1018, Private Sector 1019, Regionalism/Nationalism 1019, Religion 1019, Rural Development 1019, Socioeconomic Analysis 1019, Urban Development 1019, Women and Gender 1020 UGANDA, 1020

Agriculture 1020, Class 1021, Colonialism 1021, Economics 1021, Education 1022, Environment 1022, Foreign Relations 1023, General 1023, Health 1025, Household and Family 1026, Human/Civil Rights 1026, Industry 1026, Legal System 1027, Migration 1027, Military Affairs 1027, Planning and Development 1028, Politics 1029, Population 1031, Private Sector 1031, Regionalism/Nationalism 1031, Religion 1031, Social Movement 1031, Trade 1031, Urban Development 1031, Women and Gender 1031 W E S T AFRICA, 1032

Agriculture 1032, Colonialism 1036, Economics 1036, Education 1039, Environment 1039, Foreign Relations 1040, General 1041, Health 1048, Household and Family 1048, Human/Civil Rights 1048, Industry 1048, Labor 1049, Legal system 1049, Media and Culture 1049, Migration 1050, Military Affairs 7050, Planning and Development 1050, Politics 1051, Population 1052, Private Sector 1052, Regionalism/Nationalism 1053, Religion 1056, Rural Development 1057, Socioeconomic Analysis 1057, Technology 1057, Trade 1057, Urban Development 1058, Women and Gender 1058 WESTERN SAHARA, 1059

Colonialism 1059, Economics 1059, Foreign Relations 1059, General 1059, Human/Civil Rights 1061, Military Affairs 1061, Politics 1062, Regionalism/Nationalism 1062, Women and Gender 1062 ZAIRE, 1063

Agriculture 1063, Class 1064, Colonialism 1065, Economics 1065, Education 1068, Environment 1069, Foreign Relations 1069, General 1070, Health 1077, Household and Family 1077, Industry 1077, Labor 1078, Legal System 1078, Media and Culture 1079, Migration 1079, Military Affairs 1080, Planning and Development 1080, Politics 1080, Population 1084, Private Sector 1085, Regionalism/Nationalism 1085, Religion 1085, Rural Development 1086, Social Movement 1086, Trade 1086, Urban Development 1086, Women and Gender 1087 ZAMBIA, 1088

Agriculture 1088, Class 1091, Colonialism 1092, Economics 1092, Education 1094, Environment 1095, Foreign Relations 1095, General 1096, Health 1101, Household and Family 1101, Human/Civil Rights 1102, Industry 1102, Labor 1103, Legal System 1103, Media and Culture 1103, Migration 1104, Military Affairs 1104, Planning and Development 1104, Politics 1105, Population 1107, Private Sector 1108, Regionalism/Nationalism 1108, Religion 1108, Rural

xvi

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Development 1108, Socioeconomic Analysis 1109, Technology 1109, Trade 1109, Urban Development 1109, Women and Gender 1109 ZIMBABWE, 1 1 1 1

Agriculture 1111, Class 1115, Colonialism 1115, Economics 1115, Education 1118, Environment 1119, Foreign Relations 1119, General 1120, Health 1127, Human/Civil Rights 1128, Industry 1128, Labor 1129, Legal System 1129, Media and Culture 1130, Migration 1130, Military Affairs 1130, Planning and Development 1131, Politics 1132, Population 1135, Private Sector 1135, Race Relations 1136, Regionalism/Nationalism 1136, Religion 1136, Rural Development 1137, Social Movement 1138, Socioeconomic Analysis 1138, Technology 1139, Urban Development 1139, Women and Gender 1139

Appendix Appendix Appendix Appendix

1 : Subject and Topic Headings, 1141 2: Frequently Used Acronyms, 1147 3: Changes in Country Names, 1149 4: Journals Referenced, 1151

AUTHOR/EDITOR INDEX, 1155 KEYWORD INDEX, 1221

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This bibliography is the product of the labor of so many individuals that it is impossible, within the space of a brief acknowledgment, to thank them all by name. We are grateful to the dozens of people who volunteered time and expertise to the project because they believed in the importance of making scholarly information about Africa more widely available. The principal funding for the work was provided by the Department of Defense, Defense Academic Research Support Program (DARSP). Our contract officer, Dr. Robert Slater, consistently showed concern and understanding for the academic environment and worked tirelessly to explain and defend its commitments to his own colleagues. Without his support, the bibliography would never have been completed. We are indebted to the database design team, who developed a retrieval system in advance of its time and enabled us to implement a bibliography of this magnitude and complexity: Ed Pai, Gene Sheppard, Melinda Chesbro, and Kyriakes Kyriakides. Peter Bodner deserves special mention for supporting the program where the previous team left off and doing the programming necessary to produce this printed version of the database. The bibliographic and data compilation skills of the UCLA University Research Library (URL) staff have been indispensable. Among those we would like to thank are Africana bibliographers Ruby Bell-Gam and Joseph Lauer, as well as Miki Goral and Judy Nye. Our Faculty Advisory Committee provided invaluable academic guidance to the project, especially during its early stages; the committee included Professor Robert Hayes, dean of the Graduate School of Library and Information Sciences (GSLIS), Professor Mary Maack of GSLIS, and Dr. Lauer. In addition to a base of financial support from DARSP, we have also received generous financial assistance from a variety of on-campus sources. These include the project's parent program, the International Studies and Overseas Programs (ISOP); the University Research Library; the Graduate School of Library and Information Sciences; and the James S. Coleman African Studies Center. The African Bibliography Project is administratively housed within ISOP, and ISOP's staff—in particular Janet Bardin, Mary Garrett, and Germán Esparza— have been an integral part of the project's smooth operation. We would also like to especially thank ISOP's Dean John Hawkins and Vice Chancellor Emeritus Elwin Svenson for providing a generous and timely subsidy to support the publication of this volume. Most of all, our gratitude goes to the research assistants who worked with us, most of whom were UCLA African Studies Program master's students. These researchers treated this project as something far more than mere casual employment. They invested themselves intellectually and emotionally in the goals of this endeavor, often working under difficult conditions to enable us to meet deadlines and finally complete the work. Vijitha

Mahadevan

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

Michael

Lofchie

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

xvii

INTRODUCTION The goal of the African Bibliography Project was to create a comprehensive, fully annotated research tool for students, scholars, policy analysts, and others who might be interested in access to the academic literature on contemporary African political affairs and socioeconomic development. This publication, which represents more than four years of research, has its historical roots in a three-volume bibliographic series on African political affairs begun during the 1960s by Professor Richard L. Sklar. That early series, whose compilers included Sklar, Robert Shaw, Alan Solomon, and Eric R. Siegel, includes materials about African political affairs published from the early independence era through 1980. Our bibliography begins where the Sklar series left off, covering materials published from 1981 through 1990. It contains nearly 17,000 English- and Frenchlanguage citations of scholarly materials found in the libraries of the University of California at Los Angeles and published as monographs, articles in academic journals, edited volumes (whose individual chapters are treated as separate entries), reference works, and government documents. The principle of selection was to cite materials that pertained to some aspect of contemporary African politics or development. Two exceptions to this should be noted: materials without bibliographic references or notes were excluded, as were, regrettably, materials about Egypt. It should be noted, also, that every item cited in this bibliography was physically reviewed by a researcher.

Thesaurus of Terms Among the earliest challenges of the project was the development of a method of vocabulary control. Initially, the project's advisers had hoped to use a global political science thesaurus, the 1979 edition of the Political Science Thesaurus II, developed at the University of Pittsburgh by Carl Beck, Thomas McKechnie, and Paul Evan Peters. As the project evolved, however, it became apparent that a bibliography focused specifically on Africa had special requirements of its own. A refined thesaurus of about 550 terms was created that, while drawing on the political science vocabulary of the Political Science Thesaurus II, also drew on a list of terms that appeared frequently in our own database. This thesaurus, which is a controlled vocabulary, is intended to be helpful as a topical guide to the subject matter of the political and developmental literature on Africa.

Organization and Use In addition to standard bibliographic data, each citation in this bibliography includes a list of general subject terms, followed by significant keywords noting important themes, geographic locations, political actors, conflicts, organizations, development projects, and so forth. The entries incorporate the following: • Name(s) of the author/editor • Title of the work • Title of the source publication (journal or book) xix

xx • Introduction • • • • •

Publisher's name and location Date of publication Volume and issue number Page count Country/region (one to three terms, representing the areas addressed)

• Subjects (one to seven terms from our thesaurus, representing the theme or emphasis of the work) • Keywords (one to five terms more specifically significant to the work) • Notation of special features, such as maps, tables, bibliographies, or other documents • A concise, paragraph-length description of the work for materials published from 1986 through 1990. The researcher can search for citations by referring either to the general subject or country headings (which constitute the first part of the bibliography) or to the two indexes (author/editor and keyword). A listing of general subject headings and the topics within each subject appears as Appendix 1. Citations in the bibliography are arranged geographically (by country/ region); within each country/region, topically (by main subject); and under each subject, alphabetically by author/editor. Thus, if you are looking for information on agricultural production in Kenya, look in the country section "Kenya" under the main subject heading "Agriculture." At the end of many subject sections, you will find a listing of cross-references headed "SEE ALSO." This refers you to other citations about the same subject and country. For instance, a book about agricultural production in Ghana and K e n y a m i g h t be f o u n d in either t h e " G h a n a / A g r i c u l t u r e " or the "Kenya/Agriculture" section. That is, full citations about more than one country are not repeated under both nation's headings; rather, the full citation is listed under the first country heading and cross-referenced under the other country heading^). The general subjects addressed by this bibliography are agriculture, class, colonialism, economics, education, environment, foreign relations, health, household and family, human/civil rights, industry, labor, legal system, media and culture, migration, military affairs, planning and development, politics, population, private sector, race relations, regionalism/nationalism, religion, rural development, social movements, socioeconomic analysis, technology, trade, urban development, and women and gender. The bibliography has two indexes, which assure multiple avenues of access: the author/editor index and the keyword index. The entries within the author index are arranged alphabetically by last name. The treatment of authors' names is taken directly from the source document, so some names appear in various forms throughout the bibliography, such as D. B. Ndlela, Daniel Ndlela, Daniel B. Ndlela, and Daniel Boda Ndlela. The keyword index lists proper names; documents (e.g., reports, plans, projects); events (e.g., wars, famines); places (e.g., regions, rivers, mines, prisons); relationships between countries (e.g., "US-Somalia relations"); organizations (e.g., governmental bodies, political parties, economic cooperatives); peoples; ethnic groups; languages; and specific miscellaneous terms such as "agroindustry," "cocoa," and "structural adjustment." Spelling throughout has been standardized to conform to US English spelling, though we have, of course, kept British spellings for appropriate proper nouns. In the case of transliteration from Arabic, we have followed the style of the source, resulting in variations in the way the same name is transliterated; therefore,

Introduction • xxi authors with Arabic names may be alphabetized differently depending on the transliteration method used in the source. Many organizations are alphabetized by acronym (a list of frequently used acronyms appears as Appendix 2). If you cannot find a Francophone organization under its French name, look for it under the English version of its name. Some East African organizations are listed under the Swahili versions of their names.

Caveats In this age of information science, it is important to state a caveat about the subjectivity of the information you will find in this bibliography. Although the following pages are standard and uniform, they are the result of individual work and thought. The multiplicity of perspectives that researchers brought to reading and citing materials is both the strength and the weakness of this or any bibliography. As you use it for your research, keep in mind that this bibliography represents the work of dozens of people across half a decade. If you look for your topic (e.g., draft animals) and you do not find anything under that heading, think of it another way (e.g., animal traction). We have made a very intensive effort to produce a bibliography that is as comprehensive and inclusive as possible; for example, we have treated individual chapters in edited volumes as separate entries. Despite our best efforts, however, much vital and relevant information has inevitably eluded our grasp. To those whose important scholarly work on Africa does not appear in this bibliography, we apologize.

AFRICA Agriculture

to face the crisis. 5 Adams, W. M., and A. T. Grove, eds. Irrigation in Tropical Africa: Problems and Problem Solving. Cambridge, UK: University of Cambridge, African Studies Centre, 1983. 154 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria, Madagascar. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Irrigation, Cash crop production, Food production, Water supply.

1 Abdi, Nourredine. "Epoque progressive et période décadente de la formation commerçante arabe." In: Structures et cultures précapitalistes: Actes du colloque tenu à l'université Paris VII, edited by René Gallissot. Paris: Anthropos, 1981. 183-196 pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Commercial sector, Islamic society, Economic development, Pastoralism, Marketing.

6 Adams, W. M., and A. T. Grove. "Perspectives on irrigation in tropical Africa." In: Irrigation in Tropical Africa: Problems and Problem Solving, edited by W. M. Adams and A. T. Grove. Cambridge, UK: African Studies Centre, University of Cambridge, 1983.142-148 pp. SUBJECTS: Irrigation, Project design, Appropriate technology, Agricultural production. KEYWORDS: project evaluation.

2 Aboyade, Ojetunji. "Growth strategy and the agricultural sector." In: Accelerating Food Production in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by John W. Mellor, Christopher L. Delgado, and Malcolm J. Blackie. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987.241-252 pp. SUBJECTS: Food production, Agricultural policy, Agricultural sector, Rural development, Peasant economy, Food policy, Decentralization. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; Ujamaa ideology, Tanzania. States that in order to have a more viable food policy analysis and design, special attention to structural linkages and shifts inside and outside the domestic economy is necessary. Also states that part of the problem of African food production is due to excessive exposure to distorting international developments.

7 Adedeji, Adebayo, and Timothy Shaw, eds. Economic Crisis in Africa: African Perspectives on Development Problems and Potentials. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1985.290 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Technology, Self-sufficient economy, Economic crisis, Foreign aid, Agricultural production, Industrial development, Food policy. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980. 8 Adekanye, Tomilayo O. "African women in agriculture: Problems and policies for development." Présence africaine 141 (1987): 7-14. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Food production, Agricultural development, Agricultural cooperatives. Appraises the role of women in agriculture and Africa's rural economies, using Nigeria as a case study. Stresses the role that women's cooperatives play in agricultural production, processing, and distribution. Argues that it is wasteful for agricultural development projects to continue to ignore women.

3 Academy Science. Environmental Crisis in Africa: Scientific Response. Proceedings of the International Conference on Drought, Desertification, and Food Deficit in Africa. Nairobi, Kenya: Academy Science, 1989. 130 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Kenya. SUBJECTS: Drought, Desertification, Food production, Natural resource management, Livestock production, Agricultural research. KEYWORDS: tea; conservation; agroforestry. Presents some of the African progress in research and management of the environmental crisis in Africa. Addresses in particular progress in pest and disease management, tea growing, livestock production, and agroforestry.

9 Agbonyitor, Alberto D. K. Central government expenditure allocation for agriculture in the sub-Saharan African economics. African Studies Association Papers 26, no. 5 (December 1983): 1-25. tables. SUBJECTS: Private investment, Resource distribution, Agricultural p r o d u c t i o n , C o r r u p t i o n , Food scarcity, Military budget. KEYWORDS: urban bias; education financing.

4 ACARTSOD (African Centre for Applied Research in Social Development), ed. Understanding Africa's Food Problems: Social Policy Perspectives. London: Hans Zeli, 1990. 259 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Food scarcity, Rural development, Food production, Food policy, Famine, Socioeconomic analysis. Addresses the food scarcity and crisis in Africa and examines its socioeconomic causes. Provides strategies, incentives, and economic development policies in terms of improvement of rural development

10 Alibert, Jacques. "Problèmes socio-économiques de l'autosuffisance et de l'alimentation des villes en Afrique noire." Afrique contemporaine 140 (October/December 1986): 40-50. SUBJECTS: Mass communica-

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tion, Food policy, Subsistence farming, Agrarian reform, Economic development, Migration, Transportation system. KEYWORDS: ORSTOM (Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique d'Outre-Mer). Addresses the disequilibrium between food supply and population growth in the cities and towns of sub-Saharan Africa. Examines different causes and insists upon the role of transport and communication. 11 Amara, Hamid Ait, and Bernard Founou-Tchuigoua, eds. African Agriculture: The Critical Choices. Tokyo, Japan: UN University Press, 1990. 227 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Agricultural policy, Economic dependency, Peasant economy, Price policy, Wage policy, Cash crop production. KEYWORDS: cocoa; coffee; cotton; peanuts; wheat. Addresses the relationship of agriculture and industry, food self-sufficiency and dependency, as well as pastoralism, commercial agriculture, state-peasant relations, and rural development. Explores commercial agriculture as a development method and efforts to delink. 12 Amara, Hamid Ait, and Bernard Founou-Tchuigoua, eds. L'Agriculture africaine en crise dans ses rapports avec l'état, l'industrialisation et la paysannerie. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1989. 319 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Economic crisis, Agricultural development, State intervention, Industrial development, Peasant class, Selfreliance, Agricultural policy. Addresses the crisis of agricultural development in Africa through socioeconomic analysis. Examines the origins, causes, and reasons for the failure of different political and economic attempts at agricultural development in particular and at economic development in general in Africa. 13 Ampakeni, James Kady. "Pricing policies in Africa with special reference to agricultural development in Malawi." World Development 16, no. 11 (November 1988): 1299-1315. tables. ALSO COVERS: Malawi. SUBJECTS: Agricultural marketing, Agricultural development, Market economy, Export policy, Price policy, Ruralurban relations, Smallholder agriculture. KEYWORDS: ADMARC (Agricultural Development and Marketing Corporation). Surveys role of price incentives in many failures and one success in agricultural development in sub-Saharan Africa. Offers a number of postulates about factors of agricultural development in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly stressing the central role of the domestic balance in the terms of trade. 14 Anaman, Kwabena Asomanin. African Farm Management: Principles and Applications with Examples. Accra, Ghana: Ghana Universities Press, 1988. 268 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Agrarian economy, Food production, Management, Livestock production, Economic planning, Development planning, Agricultural cooperatives. KEYWORDS: traditional agriculture. Introduces the general idea of farm management, applying it in a variety of settings. Provides analytical economic tools for reviewing the effectiveness of farm management. 15 Arhin, Kwame, Paul Hesp, and Laurens van der Laan, eds. Marketing Boards in Tropical Africa. Boston, Massachusetts: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1985. 208 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Ghana, Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Trade relations, Agricultural marketing, Market system, State-owned enterprise, Agricultural development, Cash crop production. KEYWORDS: ONCAD (Office National de Coopération et d'Assistance pour Développement); National Milling Corporation; CSPPA (Caisse de Stabilisation des Prix des Produits Agricoles); ADMARC (Agricultural Development and Marketing Corporation); National Agricultural Production Board. 16 Asante, S. K. B. "Africa's food crisis." Journal of Third World Studies 3, no. 1 (Spring 1986): 51-57. SUBJECTS: Population growth,

Food scarcity, Food policy, Agricultural production, Agricultural policy, Famine, Population growth. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980. Discusses possible causes of the African food crisis, including lingering colonial influence, governmental instability, poor government policies, natural causes, and population pressures. Outlines policy reforms recommended in the Lagos Plan of Action. 17 Atwood, David A. "Land registration in Africa: The impact on agricultural production." World Development 18, no. 5 (May 1990): 659-671. SUBJECTS: Land tenure system, Agricultural production. KEYWORDS: land acquisition. Challenges conventional belief in land title as a prerequisite to development. Suggests that the costs of land titling in Africa are very high and discourage farmers from the process. Offers alternatives that provide for protection of property without excess costs. 18 Bachelet, Michel. "Réformes agro-foncières et développement." In: Systèmes fonciers à la ville et au village: Afrique Noire francophone, edited by Raymond Verdier and A. Rochegude. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1986.125-155 pp. SUBJECTS: Land reform, Land-use policy, Legislative action, Rural development, Agrarian reform, Land distribution. KEYWORDS: expropriation of land. Analyzes land reform in Africa. Distinguishes between agrarian reform and agroland reform. Claims the former represents an attempt to define a better system of social justice through land redistribution. Claims the latter results in the same principal effects as agrarian reform but includes both the restructuring of legal land appropriation and exploitation processes. 19 Badouin, Robert. "L'Analyse économique du système productif en agriculture." Cahiers des sciences humaines 23, no. 3/4 (1987): 357-375. SUBJECTS: Farming system, Agricultural production, Agricultural development. KEYWORDS: cropping system. Discusses three aspects of the agricultural production system: cropping, farming, and managing. Notes how a change in one of the elements of the system affects other factors. 20 Badouin, Robert. "Les systèmes d'exploitation du sol en Afrique sub-saharienne." In: Systèmes fonciers à la ville et au village: Afrique noire francophone, edited by Raymond Verdier and A. Rochegude. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1986. 165-199 pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural labor, Agricultural production, Rural development, Land use policy. KEYWORDS: SAED (Société d'Aménagement et d'Exploitation des Terres du Delta); agroindustry. Analyzes African agricultural exploitation systems. Looks at the changes in the modes of disposition of productive resources, the evolution of the functions of the units of production, and the implementation of new exploitation systems. 21 Badouin, Robert. "Politique agricole et politique de l'eau en Afrique." In: Les Politiques de l'eau en Afrique: développement agricole et participation paysanne, edited by Gérard Conac, Claudette Savonnet-Guyot, and Françoise Conac. Paris: Economica, 1985. 3539 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Agricultural policy, Water supply, Irrigation. 22 Bahati, Midagu. "Une Nouvelle forme d'exploitation agraire: le 'Kindugu Agricole,' une coopérative à visage local." In: Problèmes fonciers et politiques agricoles en Afrique centrale, edited by Lapika Dimomfu. Kinshasa, Zaire: CERDAS, 1988. 192-206 pp. SUBJECTS: Cooperatives, Agricultural production, Law, Agricultural cooperatives. KEYWORDS: kindugu agriculture; modes of production. Claims that an East African mode of production known as "kindugu agriculture" could lead countries out of their current state of agrarian crisis. Describes kindugu agriculture as a legal cooperative consisting of several farm enterprises or households that decide to pool

AFRICA/Agriculture • 3 their resources in their own interest. 23 Baker, Doyle C., Eric Crawford, and Carl Eicher. "Agricultural technology in sub-Saharan Africa: A critical assessment." African Studies Association Papers 25, no. 8 (November 1982): 1-25. SUBJECTS: Livestock production, Food scarcity, Irrigation, Technology, Agricultural technology. KEYWORDS: fertilization; nomadic people; agricultural mechanization. 24 Bamisaiye, E. A. "Solving the food crisis in Africa: The role of higher education." African Studies Association Papers 26, no. 15 (December 1983): 1-25. tables. SUBJECTS: Basic needs, Agricultural production, Population growth, Import policy, Technical training, Commercial agriculture. KEYWORDS: food security; land grant college system. 25 Barampama, Angelo. "Potentialités de la culture du manioc, lutte contre la faim et développement en Afrique." Genève AfriquelGeneva Africa 24, no. 1 (1986): 123-134. tables. SUBJECTS: Food production, Food s c a r c i t y , A g r i c u l t u r a l d e v e l o p m e n t , Famine. KEYWORDS: cassava. Suggests that cassava production throughout Africa should be encouraged and can go a long way toward alleviating hunger on the continent. 26 Barker, Jonathan, ed. The Politics of Agriculture in Tropical Africa. Beverly Hills, California: Sage, 1984. 320 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Agrarian reform, State politics, Capital accumulation, Peasant economy, Resistance movement, Transnational corporations. KEYWORDS: World Bank; USAID; CIDA (Canadian International Development Agency). 27 Barrows, Richard, and Michael Roth. "Land tenure and investment in African agriculture: Theory and evidence." The Journal of Modern African Studies 28, no. 2 (June 1990): 265-297. ALSO COVERS: Zimbabwe, Uganda. SUBJECTS: Land tenure system, Agricultural production, Property rights. Examines the argument of neoclassical economists that farmers with private landholdings are more efficient and invest more than those farming communal land. Asserts that this issue is not as important as the available technologies and state agricultural policies. 28 Bates, Robert. 'The political basis for agricultural policy reform." In: Africa's Development Challenges and the World Bank: Hard Questions, Costly Choices, edited by Stephen K. Commins. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1988. 115-132 pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Food production, Commercial agriculture, Agrarian reform, Agricultural policy, Taxation policy. Summarizes the role of politics in promoting the formation of urban elites and in undermining the welfare of the small-scale farmer in Africa. Asks what is to be done to promote agricultural development in light of the political origins of Africa's farm problems. 29 Bates, Robert H. Essays on the Political Economy of Rural Africa. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1983. 178 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Commercial agriculture, Historical analysis, Colonialism, Agricultural development, Agricultural policy, Centralized authority, Traditional society. KEYWORDS: rural politics. 30 Bates, Robert H. Essays on the Political Economy of Rural Africa. reprint. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1987. 178 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural policy, Agricultural development, Agrarian economy, Political economy studies, Colonialism. Discusses the political importance of the rural sector in African nations by analyzing the formation of agricultural policy during and before the colonial era. Examines the interplay between economic activity and state formation and what role the countryside has played in this process.

31 Bates, Robert H. Markets and States in Tropical Africa: The Political Basis of Agricultural Policies. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, 1981.178 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural marketing, Price policy, Industrial sector, Cash crop production. 32 Bates, Robert H. "The politics of agricultural pricing in subSaharan Africa." In: The African State in Transition, edited by Zaki Ergas. London: Macmillan, 1987. 237-262 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural policy, Price policy, Food production, Export policy. Discusses the role of politics in pricing policy for agricultural products. Examines the high degree of state intervention in agricultural markets and the economically negative impact of this intervention. Suggests possible changes that might increase the economic viability of government agricultural policy. 33 Bates, Robert H. The Regulation of Rural Markets in Africa: A Report Prepared for the United States Agency for International Development. Pasadena, California: California Institute of Technology, 1982. 35 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic management, Agrarian economy, Intervention policy, Market system, Marketing boards, Cash crop production, Export policy. 34 Bembridge, T. J. "Problems and lessons from irrigation projects in less developed countries of Africa." Development Southern Africa 3, no. 4 (November 1986): 600-618. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Irrigation, Technical training, Agricultural production, Land tenure system, Division of labor, Human resources development, Smallholder agriculture. KEYWORDS: Transkei homeland, RSA; Ciskei homeland, RSA; farmers' organization. Reviews important constraints on the development of smallholder irrigation schemes in less-developed areas of Africa. Based on two case studies from the RSA and experiences elsewhere on the continent. Discusses the institutional and human development considerations required for successful projects. 35 Benzine, Marie-Hélène, and Jean-Claude Roget. Transformation et commercialisation des produits vivriers en Afrique. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: EC A, 1981.81 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Agricultural marketing, Food production, Bibliography, Cooperatives, Credit policy, Commercial agriculture. KEYWORDS: food preservation; transport. 36 Berry, Sara. "Concentration without privatization? Some consequences of changing patterns of rural land control in Africa." In: Land and Society in Contemporary Africa, edited by R. E. Downs and S. P. Reyna. Hanover, New Hampshire: University Press of New England, 1988.53-75 pp. SUBJECTS: Privatization, Land tenure system, Rural p o p u l a t i o n , T r a d i t i o n a l legal system, Land distribution. KEYWORDS: land concentration. Explores the significance of the persistence of indigenous land tenure systems for rural land concentration. Argues relevancy of two aspects of customary law: that the same plot of land frequently has multiple holders who enjoy multiple rights, and that access to land under such tenure regimes is regulated through social identity. 37 Berry, Sara. Coping with Confusion: African Farmers' Responses to Economic Instability in the 1970's and 1980's. Boston, Massachusetts: African Studies Center, Boston University, 1989. 24 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Behavioral analysis, Agricultural production, Agricultural economics. KEYWORDS : off-farm income. Describes recent patterns and sources of instability in rural income-earning opportunities. Discusses the longer-term dynamic of struggle over access to the means of agricultural production in subSaharan Africa. Examines both farmers' strategies for coping with destabilization and the implications of individuals' coping strategies for agricultural performance.

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38 Berry, Sara. "Food crisis and agrarian change in Africa: A review essay." The African Studies Review 27, no. 2 (June 1984): 59-112. biblio. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Agricultural policy, Malnutrition, Agricultural development, Food scarcity, Agrarian reform. 39 Berry, Sara S. Agrarian Crisis in Africa? A Review and an Interpretation. Social Science Research Council, 1983.106 pp. SUBJECTS: Cash crop production, Agricultural production, Policy analysis, Rural-urban relations, Agrarian reform, Farming system. KEYWORDS: modes of production. 40 Berthélemy, J. C., and C. Morrisson. Agricultural Development in Africa and the Supply of Manufactured Goods. Paris: OECD, 1989. 129 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Cash crop production, Economic analysis, Manufacturing sector. Summarizes case studies that have examined the importance of supplies of manufactured goods in assuring productive farming. States that successful farming can put a country on the road to self-sustaining development. Concludes that traditional structural adjustment is unhelpful in circumstances where the agricultural sector needs an infusion of foreign-made goods. 41 Bessis, Sophie. "Le scandale des cultures de 'contre-saison.'" In: La France contre l'Afrique, edited by François Maspero. Paris: F. Maspero, 1981. 159-171 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Cash crop production, Agricultural development, Food policy, Development planning, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: food self-sufficiency. 42 Binswanger, Hans P. "Evaluating research system performance and targeting research in land-abundant areas of sub-Saharan Africa." World Development 14, no. 4 (April 1986): 469-475. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural research, Agricultural production, Technical training. KEYWORDS: pesticides. Discusses limited success of agricultural research in raising production. Argues that limitations from the demand side for innovation are as important as other issues and that where land is abundant there is little demand for yield-raising innovation. 43 Bisilliat, Jeanne, Georges Courade, Yveline Diallo-Leguen, and Agnes Morel, eds. Femmes et politiques alimentaires. Actes du Séminaire International sur la Place des Femmes dans L'autosuffisance et les Stratégies Alimentaires. Paris: ORSTOM, 1985. 741 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Cash crop production, Food production, Agricultural development, Agricultural marketing, Peasant economy, Food policy, Women's economic role. 44 Biswas, Asit K. "Irrigation in Africa." Land Use Policy Special Issue: Land Use in Africa 3, no. 4 (October 1986): 269-285. tables. SUBJECTS: Irrigation, Food production, Water supply, Rural development. KEYWORDS: small-scale projects. Analyzes how the African environment affects the development of irrigation projects and describes the potential of irrigated agriculture. Examines the economics of irrigation and lists constraints such as cost, technology, maintenance, management, research, international agreements, and evaluation techniques. 45 Bjornerstedt, Jonas. "Drought aid and interdisciplinary research." In: Land Management and Survival, edited by Anders Hjort. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1985. 27-33 pp. SUBJECTS: Drought, Famine, Agricultural policy, Agricultural research. 46 Blanc-Pamard, Chantai, Joël Bonnemaison, Jean Boutrais, and Véronique Lassailly-Jacob, eds. Le Développement rural en questions: paysages, espaces ruraux, systèmes agraires: Maghreb—Afrique noire-^Aélanésie. Paris: ORSTOM, 1984. 505 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Environmental degradation, Agricultural develop-

ment, S o c i o e c o n o m i c analysis, Agricultural production. KEYWORDS: ORSTOM (Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique d'Outre-Mer). 47 Blanc-Pamard, Chantai, and Pierre Milleville. "Pratiques paysannes, perception du milieu et système agraire." In: A travers champs, agronomes et géographes: dynamique des systèmes agraires, edited by ORSTOM, Laboratoire de Sociologie et Géographie Africaines. Paris: ORSTOM, 1985.101-138 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Peasant economy, Farming system, Livestock production. 48 Borton, John, and Edward Clay. "The African food crisis of 1982-1986: A provisional review." In: Rural Transformation in Tropical Africa, edited by Douglas Rimmer. London: Belhaven, 1988. 140-167 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Botswana, Ethiopia. SUBJECTS: Food scarcity, Food production, Statistical analysis, Economic crisis, Water supply, Drought, Environmental degradation. KEYWORDS: food imports; FAO; Botswana Relief Programme; early warning system; disaster relief. Surveys the literature on the African food crisis. Discusses the food crisis of the 1980s as a consequence of drought and unstable internal political and economic environments. States that rural development cannot be sustained without a system of food security. Considers Ethiopia, Kenya, and Botswana, specifically. 49 Boutrais, Jean. "Derrière les clôtures... Essai d'histoire comparée de ranchs africains." Cahiers des sciences humaines 26, no. 1/2 (1990): 73-95. SUBJECTS: Pastoralism, Livestock production, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: SODEPA (Société de Développement et d'Exploitation des Productions Animale), ranching. Examines African livestock production in terms of animal ranching. Looks at similarities and differences in the general notion of ranching as opposed to the African variant. Analyzes several private ranching enteiprises. 50 Brauman, Rony. "Le tiers-mondisme contre le Tiers-Monde." Géopolitique africaine no. 2 (June 1986): 7-20. SUBJECTS: Modernization, Food scarcity, North-South relations, International cooperation, Economic dependency, Famine, Population growth. KEYWORDS: New International Economic Order. Explores major development issues and suggests that the central problem surrounding food scarcity in Africa centers on the West's attitude toward the Third World. Addresses the questions of ineffective rule, the new international economic order, modernization, population growth, and political and economic liberty. 51 Bricas, N., G. Courade, J. Coussy, and Ph. Hugon, eds. Nourrir les villes en Afrique sub-saharienne. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1985. 421 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Food production, Agrarian economy, Rural-urban relations, Appropriate technology, Commercial agriculture, Women and development, Self-sufficient economy. KEYWORDS: Shaba region, Zaire; Dakar, Senegal; Agboville Province, Côte d'Ivoire; rice; Yaoundé, Cameroon. 52 Brown, Lester R. "Soils and civilisation: The decline in food security." Third World Quarterly 5, no. 1 (January 1983): 103-119. tables. SUBJECTS: Irrigation, Food policy, Food scarcity, Land use policy, Environmental degradation. KEYWORDS: soil analysis; India-Africa relations; US-Africa relations. 53 Bruce, John W. "A perspective on indigenous land tenure systems and land concentration." In: Land and Society in Contemporary Africa, edited by R. E. Downs and S. P. Reyna. Hanover, New Hampshire: University Press of New England, 1988. 23-52 pp. SUBJECTS: Land tenure system, Commercial agriculture, Land reform, Resource distribution. KEYWORDS: land concentration; Tribal Grazing Land Policy. Reviews literature concerning the nature of African indigenous

AFRICA/Agriculture land tenure systems. Discusses changes that have occurred over the last century, paying close attention to the effects on indigenous tenure systems of colonialism, commercialization, population growth, changing local institutions, and postindependence land law reforms. 54 Brunei, Sylvie, ed. Asie-Afrique: greniers vides, greniers pleins. Paris: Economica, 1986. 192 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Food production, Agricultural policy, Agricultural technology, Technology transfer. KEYWORDS: Asia-Africa relations; food self-sufficiency; White Volta Valley, Burkina Faso. Presents several essays intended to research the possibility of African countries' duplicating the recent agricultural progress made by Asian countries. Analyzes the situation reversal of food production difficulties from the standpoint that Africa had few problems in the 1960s compared to Asia. Questions the recent agricultural degradation in Africa and indicates answers. 55 Bunting, A. H., and Edward Bunting, eds. The Future of Shifting Cultivation in Africa and the Task of the Universities: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Shifting Cultivation: 4-9 July 1982, Ibadan,Nigeria. Rome, Italy: FAO, 1985.192 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Agricultural extension service, Agricultural technology, Higher education. KEYWORDS: University of Ibadan, Nigeria; FAO; cropping system; agrisilviculture. 56 Burki, Shahid J. "The African food crisis: Looking beyond the emergency." Journal of Social Development in Africa 1, no. 2 ( 1986) : 5-22. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Food scarcity, Foreign aid, Agricultural production, Poverty. KEYWORDS: food self-sufficiency. Assesses the severity of the African food crisis, categorizes it as a productivity crisis, describes the three stages of disinvestment among people affected by drought, and examines possible solutions to the crisis. 57 Byerlee, D., and M. L. Morris. 'The political economy of wheat consumption and production with special reference to sub-Saharan Africa." In: Southern Africa: Food Security Policy Options, edited by Mandivamba Rukini and Richard H. Bernstein. Harare, Zimbabwe: University of Zimbabwe, 1988. 361-388 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Behavioral analysis, Import policy, Food aid, Food policy. KEYWORDS: wheat. Describes major changes in wheat production and consumption in tropical countries where wheat is not a traditional staple. Provides a general framework for analyzing changing dietary patterns with respect to wheat, and applies this framework to a cross-sectional analysis of wheat consumption in tropical countries. 58 Charmes, Jacques. "Genèse de la rente foncière et du capitalisme agraire." In: Enjeux fonciers en Afrique noire, edited by E. Le Bris, E. Le Roy, and F. Leimdorfer. Paris: Karthala, 1982.155-163 pp. ALSO COVERS: Madagascar. SUBJECTS: Land tenure system, Capitalist development, Agricultural production, Traditional society, Colonialism, Agrarian reform. KEYWORDS: land acquisition; rent policy. 59 Chazan, Naomi, and Timothy M. Shaw, eds. Coping with Africa's Food Crisis. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1988.250 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Cameroon, Ghana." SUBJECTS: Crisis management, Food policy, Food scarcity, Agricultural production. Discusses the political economy of food in Africa using country studies to analyze the impact of the crisis. 60 Chazan, Naomi, and Timothy M. Shaw. 'The political economy of food in Africa." In: Coping with Africa's Food Crisis, edited by Naomi Chazan and Timothy M. Shaw. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1988. 1-37 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Political economy studies, Food scarcity, Export policy, Population distribution,

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Resource distribution, Food production, Food policy. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; parallel economy. Analyzes political causes, manifestations, responses, and outcomes of the food crisis in Africa; discusses ranges of possibilities for its resolution. 61 Chazan, Naomi, and Timothy M. Shaw. 'The political economy of food in Africa: Contradiction, crisis or collapse." African Studies Association Papers 26, no. 29 (December 1983): 1-27. tables. SUBJECTS: Political economy studies, Export policy, Food scarcity, Resource distribution, Population distribution, Food policy, Food production. KEYWORDS: parallel economy; Lagos Plan of Action 1980. 62 Christensen, Cheryl, Arthur Dommen, Nadine Horenstein, and Shirley Pryor. Food Problems and Prospects in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Decade of the 1980s. Washington, DC: US Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 1981. 310 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Food production, Food scarcity, Food policy, Foreign aid, Price policy, Agricultural marketing, Trade policy. 63 Christiansen, Robert, Cheryl Christensen, and Beatrice Edwards. "Issues of political economy in formulating donor policy toward sub-Saharan Africa." In: Africa's Development Challenges and the World Bank: Hard Questions, Costly Choices, edited by Stephen K. Commins. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1988.91-114 pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Export policy, Political economy studies, Commercial agriculture. KEYWORDS: World Bank; IMF. Identifies the reasons for greater emphasis on agricultural exports as a development strategy. Outlines some of the criticisms of that approach and examines two problems with the export-oriented strategy that policymakers have not addressed. Makes recommendations for modifications of current policy. 64 Clay, Edward, and Susan York, eds. Information and Emergencies: A Report on the 5th IDS Food Aid Seminar, 21-24 April 1987. Brighton, UK: Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, October 1987. 59 pp. SUBJECTS: Nongovernmental organization, Food policy, Food scarcity. KEYWORDS: donor agency. 65 Cliffe, Lionel. "Rural political economy of Africa." In: Political Economy of Contemporary Africa, edited by Peter C. W. Gutkind and Immanuel Wallerstein. Beverly Hills, California: Sage, 1985.117-143 pp. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Political economy studies, Underdevelopment, Agricultural production, Agricultural development. 66 Clute, Robert E. "The role of agriculture in African development." The African Studies Review 25, no. 4 (December 1982): 1-20. tables. SUBJECTS: Cash crop production, Rural development, Development policy, Economic development, Agrarian economy. 67 Cohen, Ronald, ed. Satisfying Africa's Food Needs: Food Production and Commercialization in African Agriculture. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1988. 244 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Kenya, Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Food production, Hunger, Drought, Famine, Structural adjustment, Commercial agriculture, Cash crop production. KEYWORDS: World Bank; China; Carter, Gwendolyn M.; monocrop economy. Addresses the problem of food security. Stresses the importance of priority setting, the monoculture legacy, lessons from China, food production strategies, and the effects of structural adjustment. Focuses on two countries with long commercial and agricultural histories: Nigeria and Kenya. 68 Collinson, Michael. Farm Management in Peasant Agriculture: A Handbook for Rural Development Planning in Africa. 2nd ed. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1983. 454 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural sector, Agricultural policy, Peasant economy,

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Rural development, Farming system. KEYWORDS: traditional agriculture. 69 Conac, Gérard, Claudette Savonnet-Guyot, and Françoise Conac, eds. Les Politiques de l'eau en Afrique: développement agricole et participation paysanne. Paris: Economica, 1985. 767 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Irrigation, Water supply, Rural development, Peasant society. KEYWORDS: peasant participation. 70 Cook, Richard C. "Farmers and the state." In: Rural Transformation in Tropical Africa, edited by Douglas Rimmer. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 1988. 116-139 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Agrarian economy, Government analysis, Policy analysis, State intervention, Market system, Agricultural policy. KEYWORDS: urban bias; Berg Report 1981 ; Bates, Robert H. Claims that both market and state explanations of Africa's decline in agriculture are insufficient. Argues that the state is likely to continue to be intimately involved in the agrarian economy and that therefore a better understanding of their relationship is needed. Surveys works published in the 1980s. 71 Corbett, Jane. "Famine and household coping strategies." World Development 16, no. 9 (September 1988): 1099-1112. SUBJECTS: Household analysis, Migration pattern, Labor migration, Subsistence fanning, Famine. Reviews evidence of household strategies for coping with famine in Africa and identifies some distinctive patterns in these strategies that can be used to examine household objectives at times of crisis, the management of resources to meet these objectives, and limits to the effectiveness of coping strategies. 72 Cour, Jean-Marie. "Réponse de Jean-Marie Cour à Gilles Duruflé: L'ILTA, une occasion manquée ou un exercise salutaire?" Afrique contemporaine 146 (1988): 69-75. tables. SUBJECTS: Capital accumulation, Agricultural production, Demographic analysis, Rural population, Urban population, Food production, Migration pattern. Provides a response to Gilles Duruflé's critique of Jean-Marie Cour's analysis of the 1983ILTA study. States that while population increases provide a great challenge to agricultural productivity, the challenge cannot be understood outside of the context of capital accumulation and the agricultural performance of African farmers. 73 Cour, Jean-Marie. "Une image à long terme de l'Afrique (ILTA) au sud du Sahara." Afrique contemporaine 146 (1988): 50-60. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Agricultural development, Demographic analysis, Rural population, Urban population, Food production, Migration pattern. Discusses food production and rising populations in Africa and the implications for food scarcity on the continent. Examines a 1983 ILTA study that states that with proper development planning and infrastructural changes, there is hope for food security in Africa. 74 Courade, Georges. "Peut-il avoir des politiques d'autosuffisance alimentaire?" Politique africaine no. 39 (September 1990): 79-97. SUBJECTS: Self-sufficient economy, Food policy, Agricultural production, Export policy. Examines agricultural policy, particularly food self-sufficiency, in Africa. Looks at increases in food imports, domestic food deficits, and the failure of agricultural export policies to redress this situation. Suggests policy reforms that might be followed with success in order to reduce the food deficit. 75 Courade, Georges. "Une révolution verte pour l'Afrique." Politique africaine no. 26 (June 1987): 102-109. tables. SUBJECTS: Food production, Green Revolution, Agricultural production, Agricultural development. KEYWORDS: rice; food dependency; food self-sufficiency.

Assesses the successes and drawbacks of the Green Revolution in India and how the lessons learned there can be applied in Africa to alleviate food scarcity. 76 Couty, Philippe. "La Production agricole en Afrique subsaharienne: manières de voir et façons d'agir." Cahiers des sciences humaines 23, no. 3/4 (1987): 391-408. biblio. SUBJECTS: Farming system, Agricultural production, Agricultural development. KEYWORDS: cropping system. Suggests that a successful development strategy in Africa must take into account a great diversity of farming systems. 77 Couty, Philippe. "Vingt-cinq ans de recherche sur les agricultures africaines: Cahiers ORSTOM, Série Sciences Humaines, 1963-1987." Cahiers des sciences humaines 26, no. 3 (1990): 343-363. biblio. SUBJECTS: Scientific research, International cooperation, Technological development, Agricultural research, Agricultural production. KEYWORDS: ORSTOM (Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique d'Outre-Mer). Analyzes twenty-five years of ORSTOM research on African agriculture. Examines a selection of eighty-six articles that have appeared in Cahiers des sciences humaines from 1965 to 1986 that addressed African agricultural production systems. 78 Cummings, Robert J. "Internal factors that generate famine." In: Drought and Hunger in Africa: Denying Famine a Future, edited by Michael H. Glantz. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1987. 111-126 pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Food production, Population growth, Cash crop production. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; food imports. Provides a critique of the importance of internal factors that generate famine in African nations. States that African governments and the international community must adopt a development strategy that is based on environmental rather than economic goals. 79 Curtis, Donald, Michael Hubbard, and Andrew Shepherd. "Emergency measures for food security: How relevant to Africa is the South Asian Model?" In: Preventing Famine: Policies and Prospects for Africa, edited by Donald Curtis, Michael Hubbard, and Andrew Shepherd. London: Routledge, 1988. 141-170 pp. SUBJECTS: Famine, Drought, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: disaster relief; food security; South Asia model. States that South Asia (i.e., India) can prevent an agricultural crisis such as mass starvation but not widespread malnutrition. Suggests that after acknowledging this failure, South Asia's experience can yet prove useful to Africa. Examines the problems associated with the food wage. 80 Curtis, Donald, Michael Hubbard, and Andrew Shepherd. "Famine and the national and international economy." In: Preventing Famine : Policies and Prospects for Africa, edited by Donald Curtis, Michael Hubbard, and Andrew Shepherd. London: Routledge, 1988. 11-27 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Famine, Drought, Food scarcity, Poverty, International economic system, Commodity production. KEYWORDS: food imports. Examines the role of world recession, falling commodity prices, severe debt, and government policy in causing famine. Assesses resources for famine prevention and discusses countries that most need famine assistance. 81 Curtis, Donald, Michael Hubbard, and Andrew Shepherd, eds. Preventing Famine: Policies and Prospects for Africa. London: Routledge, 1988. 250 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Famine, Food scarcity, Drought, Foreign aid, Agricultural development, Livestock production, Export economy. KEYWORDS: disaster relief. A collection of articles that examine famine prevention strategies. Emphasizes the importance of administrative capacity, sound finance, and democratic institutions in famine avoidance. Describes emergen-

AFRICA/Agriculture cy measures, lessons from other continents, livestock survival techniques, technological solutions to famine, and state policies toward agriculture and food. 82 Curtis, Donald, Michael Hubbard, and Andrew Shepherd. 'The roles of government, aid agencies, and local NGO's in famine prevention." In: Preventing Famine: Policies and Prospects for Africa, edited by Donald Curtis, Michael Hubbard, and Andrew Shepherd. London: Routledge, 1988. 215-241 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Famine, Nongovernmental organization, Government analysis, Drought, Conflict resolution, Pastoralism, Research and development. KEYWORDS: Tragedy of the Commons; state analysis. Analyzes a number of famine prevention strategies and assesses the ability of governments and nongovernmental organizations to carry them out. States that a major problem in preventing famine is the inability of governments to control pastoralists' behavior. 83 D'Souza, Frances, and Jeremy Shoham. "The spread of famine in Africa: Avoiding the worst." Third World Quarterly 7, no. 3 (July 1985): 515-531. tables. ALSO COVERS: Sudan. SUBJECTS: Famine, Hunger, Foreign aid, Agricultural production, Drought, Desertification. KEYWORDS: Kordofan region, Sudan. 84 Daddieh, C. Kofie. "Production and reproduction: Women and agricultural resurgence in sub-Saharan Africa." In: Women and Development in Africa: Comparative Perspectives, edited by Jane L. Parpart. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1989.165193 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Agricultural production, Food production, Agricultural technology. Highlights the centrality of women's contribution to food and agricultural growth in Africa. Emphasizes that women contribute equally to cash crop production and food production. Notes the resilience of women in the face of crisis. Argues that changes in technology are essential for the improvement of women's lives. 85 Daddieh, Cyril Kofie. "Reflections on recovering Africa's selfsufficiency in food and agriculture." In: Lagos Plan of Action and Africa's Future Economic Relations: Conference Proceedings, edited by ECA-Dalhousie Conference. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada: ECADalhousie Conference, 1984. 1-23 pp. SUBJECTS: Self-reliance, Food production, Agricultural production, Agrarian reform. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980. 86 Daddieh, Cyril Kofie. "The future of food and agriculture, or the 'Greening of Africa'—Crisis projections and policies." In: Africa Projected: From Recession to Renaissance by the Year 2000? edited by Timothy M. Shaw and Olajide Aluko. London: Macmillan, 1985. 151-169 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Food scarcity, Agricultural production. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; FAO Regional Food Plan for Africa 1978, food imports. 87 Davison, Jean. "Land and women's agricultural production: The context." In: Agriculture, Women, and Land: The African Experience, edited by Jean Davison. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1988.1-32 pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Women's economic role, Land t e n u r e system, R e s o u r c e d i s t r i b u t i o n , G e n d e r relations. KEYWORDS: relations of production. Proposes a theoretical framework from which to view gender relations to land. Emphasizes women's productive-reproductive role. Describes economic and social contexts in which case studies representing various regions in Africa are set. 88 de Vries, Firts W. T. Penning, and Cornelis T. de Wit. "Identifying technological potentials." In: Accelerating Food Production in SubSaharan Africa, edited by John W. Mellor, Christopher L. Delgado, and Malcolm J. Blackie. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987. 109-117 pp. SUBJECTS: Food production, Food scarcity, Technology, Agricultural production.

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Discusses the need for agricultural research to develop new techniques that offer farmers better means of production. Stresses that efficiency and progress of agricultural research can be improved if research is based on a careful and systematic analysis of current biological and physical data. 89 Delgado, Christopher L. "Setting priorities for promoting African food production." In: Satisfying Africa's Food Needs: Food Production and Commercialization in African Agriculture, edited by Ronald Cohen. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1988. 3146 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Food production, Smallholder agriculture, Infrastructure. States that the "prices right" faction has realized the importance of cutting agricultural production costs by providing public goods such as roads, agricultural research, extension, inputs supply systems, etc. Suggests priority areas for research attention along regional, commodity, and functional lines. 90 Delgado, Christopher L., and Chandrashekhar G. Ranade. "Technological change and agricultural labor use." In: Accelerating Food Production in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by John W. Mellor, Christopher L. Delgado, and Malcolm J. Blackie. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987. 118-134 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Division of labor, Smallholder agriculture, Agricultural technology, Women's economic role, Household economy, Agricultural labor, Agricultural production. Shows that although innovations in seed fertilizer have typically increased the demand for labor input in critical periods, this was likely to cut into farm profitability because of Africa's sharply rising labor supply schedules. Concludes that the most efficient means of raising labor productivity will involve raising yields per hectare. 91 Desai, Gunvant M., Abiodun O. Falusi, Michael Schluter, and Robinson L. Gapare. "Commentaries on marketing systems." In: Accelerating Food Production in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by John W. Mellor, Christopher L. Delgado, and Malcolm J. Blackie. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987.199-209 pp. ALSO COVERS: Zimbabwe. SUBJECTS: Agricultural marketing. States that agricultural growth in sub-Saharan Africa has been constrained by the many deficiencies in agricultural output marketing and input supply systems. 92 Dinham, Barbara, and Colin Hines. Agribusiness in Africa. London: Earth Resources Research, 1983. 224 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Kenya, Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Commercial agriculture, Economic analysis, Agricultural economics, Transnational corporations, Case study, Food policy. KEYWORDS: World Bank; Brooke Bond Ltd.; Tate and Lyle Company; Unilever. 93 Dittok, Saa. "Green revolution or revolution? The case of independent African countries." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 6, no. 3 (1981): 48-62. tables. SUBJECTS: Plantation economy, Green Revolution, Agricultural production. KEYWORDS: agricultural mechanization. 94 Dommen, Arthur J. Innovation in African Agriculture. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1988. 140 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Farming system, Agricultural technology, Agricultural labor, Population density, Agricultural production. KEYWORDS: agricultural innovation; soil analysis. States that low-resource agriculture relies more on internal inputs such as manure and family labor than on external outputs such as chemical fertilizer and hired labor. Describes the African agricultural system as flexible, conservationist, and oriented toward diversity. Focuses on how to assist the millions of low-resource African farmers to raise their output without a major transformation of the environment. 95 Donders, J. G., ed. Bread Broken: An Action Report on the Food

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Crisis in Africa. Eldoret, Kenya: Gaba, AMECEA Pastoral Institute, 1984.56 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Famine, Food aid, Foreign aid, Development policy. KEYWORDS: EEC. 96 Dongmo, Jean Louis. "Essai d'application de la méthode typologique des codes-modèles à l'agriculture de l'Afrique intertropicale en vue de l'élaboration d'une carte mondiale des types d'agriculture: l'exemple du Cameroun." Revue de géographie du Cameroun 6, no. 1 (1986): 1-16. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Cameroon. SUBJECTS: Commercial agriculture, Agricultural development, Local development, Research methodology. Provides a theory of African agricultural development and explores the application of the theory to Cameroon's development. 97 Dumont, René. "Impérialisme français et sous-développement africain." In: La France contre l'Afrique, edited by François Maspero. Paris: F. Maspero, 1981. 29-37 pp. SUBJECTS: Imperialism, Underdevelopment, International relations, Economic dependency, Hunger, Agricultural development, Natural resource management. 98 Dupriez, Hugues. Agriculture tropicale en milieu paysan africain. Nivelles, Belgium: Terres et Vie, 1983. 280 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Agricultural technology, Water supply, Geographical analysis, Agricultural policy. KEYWORDS: legumes; fertilizer. 99 Duruflé, Gilles. "L'ILTA, une occasion manquée." Afrique contemporaine 146 (1988): 60-69. tables. ALSO COVERS: Côte d'Ivoire. SUBJECTS: Food production, Agricultural production, Demographic analysis, Rural population, Migration pattern, Debt crisis. KEYWORDS: EEC; Cour, Jean-Marie; Image à Long Terme de l'Afrique au Sud du Sahara 1983. Responds to an essay by Jean-Marie Cour on the 1983 study. Suggests that the study is too optimistic about the economic well-being of Africa. States that productivity cannot be turned around unless certain conditions are met. Discusses Africa's dependence upon food imports and its external debts. 100 EEC. Figures for Food in Africa: Proceedings of the Workshop "Statistics in Support of African Food Policies and Strategies," Brussels, 13 to 16 May 1986. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1988. 370 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Food policy, Agricultural sector, Development policy, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: F AO; World Food Council. Collection of papers from the workshop focusing on three themes: the need to bridge the communication gap between statisticians and planners, the need for simplified and more cost-effective statistical approaches, and the importance of adapting and improving the coordination of donor policies to support changing policy-oriented data requirements. 101 Eicher, Carl. "Facing up to Africa's food crisis." Foreign Affairs 61, no. 1 (Fall 1982): 151-174. SUBJECTS: Food scarcity, Agricultural production, Foreign aid, Crisis management, Food policy. KEYWORDS: Berg Report 1981; Lagos Plan of Action 1980; Amin, Samir. Looks at the agricultural sector and the food crisis situation in Africa. Discusses steps to resolve the crisis and food policy strategies, with an analysis of the role and implications of foreign aid. 102 Eicher, Carl. International Technology Transfer and the African Farmer: Theory and Practice. Harare, Zimbabwe: University of Zimbabwe, 1984. 34 pp. SUBJECTS: Famine, Technology transfer, Agricultural production, Agricultural research, Agricultural technology103 Eicher, Carl. Transforming African Agriculture. San Francisco, California: Hunger Project Papers, 1986.34 pp. SUBJECTS: Agricul-

tural development, Education system, Development planning, Rural development, Economic aid, Agricultural research. Argues that while Africa has the potential for food self-sufficiency, a lack of empirical, localized research hinders development efforts. Proposes a research agenda addressing priorities needed to strengthen the knowledge base concerning African agriculture. Maintains that research priorities need to guide public investment and foreign aid. 104 Eicher, Carl K., and John M. Staatz, eds. Agricultural Development in the Third World. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1984. 491 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural policy, Agricultural development, Rural planning policy, Food scarcity. 105 Eicher, Carl K. "Facing up to Africa's food crisis." In: Africa in Economic Crisis, edited by John Ravenhill. London: Macmillan, 1986.149-180 pp. SUBJECTS: Food policy, Agricultural production, Food scarcity, Foreign aid, Crisis management. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; Berg Report 1981. Looks at the agricultural sector and the food crisis situation in Africa. Discusses steps to meet the crisis and food policy strategies, with an analysis of the role and implications of foreign aid. 106 Eicher, Carl K. "Facing up to Africa's food crisis." In: Agricultural Development in the Third World, edited by Carl K. Eicher and John M. Staatz. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1984. 453-479 pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Food scarcity, Foreign aid, Crisis management, Food policy. KEYWORDS: Berg Report 1981; Lagos Plan of Action 1980. 107 Eicher, Carl K., and Doyle C. Baker. Research on Agricultural Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Critical Study. East Lansing, Michigan: Michigan State University, 1982. 335 pp. biblio, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural policy, Colonialism, Historical analysis, Agricultural development, Rural development, Smallholder agriculture, Food scarcity. 108 Eicher, Carl K. "Strategic issues in combatting hunger and poverty in Africa." In: Strategies for African Development, edited by Robert J. Berg and Jennifer Seymour Whitaker. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1986. 242-275 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Senegal, Zimbabwe. SUBJECTS: Hunger, Poverty, Food production, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: India-Africa relations. States that it is not food supply but poverty that causes hunger in Africa. Discusses mid- and long-range strategies for combating hunger in Africa, the role of agriculture in macroeconomic strategies, and the prime movers of agriculture, such as human capital, agricultural research, biophysical capital, and rural institutions. 109 Eicher, Carl K. Sustainable Institutions for African Agricultural Development. The Hague, Netherlands: International Service for National Agricultural Research, 1989. 38 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural sector, Agricultural development. KEYWORDS: World Bank; institutional development. Proposes that after a third of a century of independence, many African states are several generations behind Asia and Latin America in scientific, political, and institutional development. Suggests that projects for Africa may need to be designed differently than those in Asia or Latin America. 110 El-Ashry, Mohamed T., and Dorsey Burger. "Population, resources, and famine in sub-Saharan Africa." In: Africa in the 1990s and Beyond: U.S. Policy Opportunities and Choices, edited by Robert I. Rotberg. Algonac, Michigan: Reference Publications, 1988. 112137 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Population growth, Famine, Policy analysis, Environmental degradation, Agricultural production. Discusses how population growth, environmental degradation, and food scarcity do and do not interact. Examines agricultural production systems and their relation to famine. Suggests policy reform to

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reverse degradation and improve agricultural productivity. 111 FAO. Agricultural Market Intervention and Pricing Policies in Africa. Rome, Italy: FAO, 1989. 241 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Agricultural policy, Food production, Agricultural development, Agricultural marketing, State-owned enterprise, Economic analysis, Credit policy. KEYWORDS: rice; cotton; cocoa. Addresses a variety of issues dealing with the African agricultural sector. Examines agricultural production, marketing, and policymaking. 112 FAO. "Dimensions socio-économiques et politiques de la crise agricole en Afrique." Zaïre-Afrique 209/210 (November/December 1986): 519-547. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Economic crisis, Natural resource management, Agricultural policy, Foreign aid, Demographic analysis, Political crisis. KEYWORDS: FAO. Examines the implications of agricultural crisis in African development. Assesses the crises in population, natural resources, development planning, economics, and politics as they affect the agricultural sector.

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Plan for the Economic Recovery of Africa, based on foreign aid. Explains this shift as due to the food and agricultural policies of the developed countries. 119 Founou-Tchuigoua, Bernard. "Limite des alternatives capitalistes d'état ou privées de la crise agricole africaine." Africa Development/Afrique et développement 10, no. 3 ( 1 9 8 5 ) : 1 0 0 - 1 1 1 . SUBJECTS: Private sector, Economic development, Agricultural development, Agricultural policy. KEYWORDS: Berg Report 1981. 120 Franke, Richard W. "Power, class, and traditional knowledge in Sahel food production." In: Studies in Power and Class in Africa, edited by Irving Leonard Markovitz. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1987. 257-285 pp. maps. ALSO COVERS: Niger, Mali. SUBJECTS: Agricultural sector, Class analysis, TraditionaÎSociety, Livestock production. KEYWORDS: Sahel; Fulani people; Dogon people; Bouzou people; Acacia albida. Outlines important features of Sahelian farming and animal herding in order to establish that traditional farmer-herder interaction led to ecologically sound productive systems. Examines how class inequality undermines the fruitful farmer-herder system and concludes with possible development implications of the findings.

113 FAO. Food, Nutrition, and Agriculture: Guidelines for Agricultural Training Curricula in Africa. Rome, Italy: FAO, 1982. 205 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Nutrition, Agricultural extension service, Agricultural technology, Nonformal education, Food production. KEYWORDS: curriculum.

121 Gakou, Mohamed Lamine. Crise de Vagriculture africaine. Paris: Silex, 1984. 193 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Agrarian reform, Rural development, Famine. KEYWORDS: IMF; World Bank.

114 FAO. Irrigation in Africa South of the Sahara. Rome, Italy : FAO, 1986. 175 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Irrigation, Water supply, Food production, Environmental analysis. KEYWORDS: FAO; EEC. Reviews the state of irrigated agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa, in particular its contribution to food production. Considers the implications for African governments, financing and technical assistance agencies, and donors. Draws heavily on unpublished data and personal contacts.

122 Gakou, Mohamed Lamine. The Crisis in African Agriculture, translated by A. M. Berrett. London: Zed, 1987.112 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Agrarian reform, Agricultural production, Smallholder agriculture, Export economy. KEYWORDS: rice. Demonstrates that the crisis in African agriculture affects the entire continent. Assesses precolonial societies to see if their organization and development could have subverted the capitalist mode of production.

115 FAO. Commodities and Trade Division. Roots, Tubers and Plantains in Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa, in Latin America and the Caribbean, in the Pacific. Rome, Italy: FAO, 1989. 54 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural sector, Consumption pattern, Trade policy, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: food security; FAO. Reviews the role of roots, tubers, and plantains in the food security of sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, the Caribbean, and the Pacific. Discusses the constraints on increasing the contribution of these crops to food security and possible lines of action to overcome these constraints.

123 Gallais, Jean. "Milieu naturel et action de l'état au Sahel." In: Asie-Afrique: greniers vides, greniers pleins, edited by Sylvie Brunei. Paris: Economica, 1986. 121-145 pp. SUBJECTS: Water supply, Rural development, Drought, Agricultural policy. KEYWORDS: Sahel. Looks at the relationship between the natural environment and state agricultural intervention in Sahelian countries. Includes discussion of state inadequacies, the constant search for water supplies, migration, and drought.

116 FAO. Forestry Department. Changes in Shifting Cultivation in Africa: Seven Case Studies. Rome, Italy: FAO, 1985. 185 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Case study, Agricultural sector, Integrated rural development, Ecological analysis, Smallholder agriculture. 117 Faucher, Jean-Jacques. "Agricultural crisis: Structural constraints, prices and other policy issues." In: Crisis and Recovery in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Tore Rose. Paris: OECD, 1985. 50-65 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural policy, Price policy, Export policy, Agricultural economics. 118 Founou-Tchuigoua, Bernard. "Food self-sufficiency: Crisis of the collective ideology." In: African Agriculture: The Critical Choices, edited by Hamid Ait Amara and Bernard Founou-Tchuigoua. Toyko, Japan: UN University Press, 1990. 30-39 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Food production, Self-reliance, Food policy. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; Priority Plan for the Economic Recovery of Africa 1985; UN; OAU. Details the retreat of African countries from the Lagos Plan of Action, based on self-sufficiency, and their embrace of the Priority

124 Gasc, Jacques. L'Afrique aux pieds nus. Paris: Berger-Levrault, 1988. 187 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Agricultural development, Underdevelopment, Nutrition, Food production, Green Revolution. KEYWORDS: agroindustry. Analyzes concrete underdevelopment issues and problems. Illustrates the "Third Worldist" philosophy, its medications and strategies, and claims that these are less than ever adapted to structural constraints in Africa today. Describes difficulties of African agricultural production. 125 Gataoullin, M. F., V. P. Morozov, and I. A. Svanidze. "Agriculture." Africa inSovietStudies(19S2): 65-76. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Food scarcity, Green Revolution, Self-sufficient economy, Subsistence farming. 126 Gephart, Martha. "African states and agriculture: Issues for research." Institute of Development Studies Bulletin 17,no. 1 (January 1986): 57-63. biblio. SUBJECTS: Agricultural research, Agricultural policy, State intervention. Suggests that the underlying process causing the agricultural crisis in Africa remains to be understood. Argues for a reexamination

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of data and frameworks based on an interdependent model of Africa. Addresses national agricultural policies, agricultural projects, as well as land law and systems. 127 Ghai, Dharam, and Samir Radwan. "Agrarian change, differentiation and rural poverty in Africa: A general survey." In: Agrarian Policies and Rural Poverty in Africa, edited by Dharam Ghai and Samir Radwan. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1983.1-29 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agrarian reform, Income distribution, Rural poverty, Land distribution, Malnutrition, Economic inequality. 128 Ghai, Dharam, and Samir Radwan, eds. Agrarian Policies and Rural Poverty in Africa. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1983. 320 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Kenya, Malawi. SUBJECTS: Agricultural policy, Rural poverty, Land reform, Agrarian reform, Development policy. 129 Ghai, Dharam, and Lawrence D. Smith. Agricultural Prices, Policy, and Equity in Sub-Saharan Africa. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1987. 174 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural policy, Price policy, Agricultural marketing, Food production. Analyzes the agricultural crisis in Africa in order to recommend policies. Explores the trends, determinants, and equity consequences of real agricultural prices in the 1970s and 1980s. Argues that there are limits to the use of prices as an agricultural policy instrument in Africa. 130 Gladwin, Christina H., and Delia McMillan. "Is a turnaround in Africa possible without helping African women to farm?" Economic Development and Cultural Change 37, no. 2 (January 1989): 345-369. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Agricultural production, Agricultural technology, Smallholder agriculture, Development planning. Asks whether the decline in African agriculture can be reversed without increasing women's access to resources and their incentives to produce. Insists that in the short run improvement cannot be had without helping women with hand-hoe farming, but that in the long run women farmers will be displaced. 131 Glantz, Michael H. "Drought and economic development in sub-Saharan Africa." In: Drought and Hunger in Africa: Denying Famine a Future, edited by Michael H. Glantz. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1987. 37-58 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Drought, Economic development, Cash crop production, Development planning. KEYWORDS: climate; food imports. Stresses the importance in development planning of considering drought as something more than a transient factor. Provides an overview of the African climate since independence and reviews some of the literature on climate and development. Identifies how drought affects food balance. 132 Glantz, Michael H., ed. Drought and Hunger in Africa: Denying Famine a Future. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1987. 457 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Food production, Drought, Famine, Hunger, Household economy. KEYWORDS: disaster relief; SADCC; food self-sufficiency. A general introduction to the problems and prospects for development in Africa, including an overview of drought that takes Ethiopia as a case study. Focuses on factors that can turn food production shortfalls into famine. Discusses the role of households in combating constraints on production. 133 Godfrey, Martin. "Trade and exchange rate policy: A further contribution to the debate." In: Crisis and Recovery in SubSaharan Africa, edited by Tore Rose. Paris: OECD, 1985.168-180 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Trade policy, Agricultural marketing, Food production, Self-sufficient economy, Monetary exchange.

KEYWORDS: exchange rate. 134 Godfrey, Martin. "Trade and exhange rate policy in sub-Saharan Africa." Institute of Development Studies Bulletin 16, no. 3 (July 1985): 31-38. tables. SUBJECTS: Trade relations, Monetary policy, Food production, Cash crop production. KEYWORDS: exchange rate. 135 Gourou, Pierre. "Les Problèmes agricoles de l'Afrique noire non-sahélienne: réflexions d'un géographie." Genève Afrique! Geneva Africa 26, no. 1 (1988): 7-48. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Geographical analysis, Irrigation, Agricultural technology, Technical training, Colonialism, Political instability, Agricultural production. States that it is easier to import food from abroad than to grow it in Africa. Suggests it is because of inadequate technologies, bad population distribution, and unnatural political divisions bom of colonialism, not poor land. Suggests that using farmers' know-how can increase African productivity. 136 Green, Reginald. "Consolidation and accelerated development of African agriculture: What agenda for action?" The African Studies Review 27, no. 4 (December 1984): 17-34. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Poverty, Peasant class, Private sector, Self-sufficient economy, Price policy, Agricultural policy. KEYWORDS: Berg Report 1981; Lagos Plan of Action 1980. 137 Green, Reginald. "Food policy, food production, and hunger in sub-Saharan Africa: Retrospect and prospect." International Journal 41, no. 4 (Autumn 1986): 768-801. SUBJECTS: Food production, Hunger, Food scarcity, Food policy, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: SADCC; World Bank; UNICEF. Examines the inadequate state of food production in the African countries and the consequent widespread hunger. Analyzes the causes, such as limited arable land, and the failure to implement necessary cropping systems. Advocates research into inexpensive and droughtresistant systems and seeds. 138 Green, Reginald Herbold. "Brandt on an end to poverty and hunger." Third World Quarterly 3, no. 1 (January 1981): 96-103. SUBJECTS: Poverty, Hunger, Food production, Agrarian reform, Agricultural labor, Malnutrition. KEYWORDS: Brandt, Willy; Brandt Commission Report 1980. 139 Griffin, Keith B. "World hunger and world economy." In: Pursuing Food Security: Strategies and Obstacles in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East, edited by W. Ladd Hollist and F. LaMond Tullis. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1987. 17-36 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Hunger, Agricultural production, Technology transfer, Capitalist development, International economic system, Economic growth rate. States that hunger is not caused primarily by inadequate production and therefore cannot be eliminated merely by increasing production. Argues that because the fundamental cause of hunger is poverty, poverty must be eliminated to combat hunger. Proposes that poverty is created by growth, not its lack. 140 Grivetti, L. E., C. J. Frentzel, K. E. Ginsberg, and K. L. Howell. "Bush foods and edible weeds of agriculture: Perspectives on dietary use of wild plants in Africa, their role in maintaining human nutritional status, and implications for agricultural development." In: Health and Disease in Tropical Africa: Geographical and Medical Viewpoints, edited by Rais Akhtar. London: Harwood, 1987. 51-82 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Nutrition, Food production. KEYWORDS: bush foods; weeds. Reviews the literature on bush foods in Africa and their nutritional uses. Gives the history of bush food use in ancient times and examines the current use patterns. Suggests the need for expanded research on additional sources of sound nutrition for Africans.

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141 Gutto, Shedrack. "Political mobilization through the land question." Journal of African Marxists no. 10 (June 1987): 43-49. SUBJECTS: Land tenure system, Political participation, Wealth redistribution, Land distribution. Asserts that Marxists in Africa need to focus on the land problem because farmers should have greater control of the land. 142 Guyer, Jane I., ed. Feeding African Cities: Studies in Regional Social History. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1987. 249 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Regional integration, Rural-urban relations, Food production, Price policy, Women's economic role, Household analysis, Agricultural policy. KEYWORDS: food imports. Explores the historical connections among three aspects of regional food supply systems: the income-price relationship between producers and consumers, organizational forms in production and trade, and the broader social dynamic resulting from the interface between regional organization and policy. 143 Gyimah-Brempong, Kwabena. "Agricultural development and the size distribution of personal income: The tropical African experience." World Development 16, no. 4 (April 1988): 483-488. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Income inequality, Labor force, Economic growth rate, Agricultural sector. Investigates the relationship between the growth rate of the agricultural sector and income inequality. States that increases in agricultural-sector income relative to nonagricultural-sector income decrease income inequality. Adds that the proportion of those in nonagricultural labor negatively correlates with income inequality. 144 Haeringer, Philippe. "Une Approche pragmatique des situations foncières." In: Enjeux fonciers en Afrique noire, edited by E. Le Bris, E. Le Roy, and F. Leimdorfer. Paris: Karthala, 1982. 84-90 pp. SUBJECTS: Land-use policy, Agricultural sector, Land distribution. 145 Halfani, Mohamed S., and Jonathan Barker. "Agribusiness and agrarian change." In: The Politics of Agriculture in Tropical Africa, edited by Jonathan Barker. Beverly Hills, California: Sage, 1984. 35-63 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: East Africa. SUBJECTS: Transnational corporations, Agrarian reform, Import substitution, Cash crop production. KEYWORDS: agribusiness; agroindustry; Unilever; Brooke Bond Ltd.; British American Tobacco Company. 146 Hallaire, Antoinette, and Georges Savonnet. "Le Terroir, une formule rigide, ses transformations, ses éclatements." In: A travers champs, agronomes et géographes: dynamique des systèmes agraires, edited by ORSTOM, Laboratoire de Sociologie et Géographie Africaines. Paris: ORSTOM, 1985. 31-48 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Farming system, Rural development, Agricultural policy, Agricultural labor. 147 Harrison, Paul. The Greening of Africa: Breaking Through in the Battle for Land and Food. New York: Penguin, 1987. 380 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Environmental analysis, Natural resource management, Population growth, Agricultural development, Irrigation, Food production, Livestock production. KEYWORDS: firewood; soil conservation; water conservation. Presents some of Africa's development success stories. Demonstrates in concrete and specific terms how human populations can live in balance with their natural habitat. Presents projects such as Zimbabwe's family planning program and Oxfam's water harvesting project in the Yatenga District of Burkina Faso. 148 Haubert, Maxime, Christiane Frelin, and Nam Tran Nguyen Trong, eds. Politiques alimentaires et structures sociales en Afrique noire. Paris: IEDES, 1985. 287 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: West Africa, Central Africa. SUBJECTS: Food policy, Self-sufficient economy, Commercial agriculture, Capitalist development. KEYWORDS: Office du Niger; grain; Centres d'Action Régionale

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pour le Développement Rural; IEDES (Instituí d'Etude du Développement Economique et Social). 149 Hawksworth, D. L., ed. Advancing Agricultural Production in Africa: Proceedings of CAB's Conference, Arusha, Tanzania, 12-18 February 1984. Slough, UK: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, 1984. 454 pp. other docs. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Agricultural economics, Environmental analysis, Livestock production, Natural resource management. KEYWORDS: CAB (Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux); Nyerere, Julius K.; IPC (Integrated Pest Control). 150 Hay, Roger W. Food Aid and Relief Development Strategies: WorldFoodProgramme. Rome, Italy: World Food Programme, 1986. 28 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Food aid, Famine, Household analysis, Employment. KEYWORDS: disaster relief; food for work. Explores the usefulness of using emergency food aid to stimulate development processes during a period when many people are hungry. States that we should concentrate less on declines in agricultural output and more on declines in household income, as it is the latter that most directly results in fluctuations in the household demand for food. 151 Hay, Roger W. "Food, aid, and relief development strategies." Journal of Social Development in Africa 4, no. 2 (1989): 7-25. tables. SUBJECTS: Famine, Food aid, Household economy, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: relief-development strategies. Analyzes current drought relief strategies adopted by international donor agencies and African governments. Maintains that these programs have been concerned with food aid, while a more effective method must deal with the long-term problems of income and employment. Presents some strategies for this method. 152 Hayden, Thomas, and Richard Massaro. Hunger and Starvation in Africa: A Revised Report. Washington, DC: Society of African Missions, 1985.19 pp. SUBJECTS: Hunger, Food scarcity, Food aid, Agricultural production, Appropriate technology. 153 Hedlund, Hans, ed. Cooperatives Revisited. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1988.223 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Kenya, Ethiopia. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Agricultural marketing, Agricultural cooperatives, Political economy studies. KEYWORDS: Sudanese Cooperative Development Bank; Kibirigwi Cooperative Society; Kenya Ministry of Cooperative Development; Tanzania Second Five-Year Development Plan 1969-1974; Agricultural Service Cooperative Societies. A collection of papers sponsored by the Cooperative Research Project at Lund University and the Scandinavian Institute of African Studies in Uppsala. Discusses how cooperative research, institutional change, and rural development in Africa have interacted and changed during this period. 154 Henault, Georges M. Marketing et développement du tiersmonde: quelques applications au secteur agro-alimentaire enAfrique. Paris: Economica/ACCT, 1987. 199 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Agricultural marketing, Basic needs, Technology transfer, Marketing boards. KEYWORDS: ACCT (Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique); gross national product. Analyzes the often neglected role of marketing in the Third World development process. Uses examples from the African agrofood sector to illustrate such concepts as micro- and macroagricultural marketing, state marketing enterprises, the preponderance of GNP as an economic indicator, and economic development. 155 Hesp, Paul, and Laurens van der Laan. "Marketing boards in tropical Africa: A survey." In: Marketing Boards in Tropical Africa, edited by Kwame Arhin, Paul Hesp, and Laurens van der Laan. , Boston, Massachusetts: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1985. 1-36 pp. SUBJECTS: Marketing boards, Food policy, Agricultural marketing,

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Taxation policy, Export policy. 156 Heyer, Judith, Pepe Roberts, and Gavin Williams. "Rural development." In: Rural Development in Tropical Africa, edited by Judith Heyer, Pepe Roberts, and Gavin Williams. New York: St. Martin's, 1981. 1-15 pp. SUBJECTS: Irrigation, Rural development, Agricultural policy, Agrarian reform. KEYWORDS: World Bank. 157 Heyer, Judith, Pepe Roberts, and Gavin Williams, eds. Rural Development in Tropical Africa. New York: St. Martin's, 1981. 385 pp. biblio, maps. ALSO COVERS: Sudan, Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Agrarian economy, Agricultural policy, Agrarian reform. KEYWORDS: World Bank. 158 Hinderink, J., and J. J. Sterkenburg. Agricultural Commercialization and Government Policy in Africa. London: KPI, 1987. 328 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural policy, Commercial agriculture, Development theory. KEYWORDS: World Bank; Lagos Plan of Action 1980. Discusses various interpretations of agricultural commercialization and their relation to development thinking. Presents fieldworkbased case studies to illustrate the complexities of commercialization. Contrasts the agendas of the World Bank and the Lagos Plan of Action. 159 Hoffmeyer, Birgit. The EEC's Common Agricultural Policy and the ACP States. Copenhagen, Denmark: Center for Development Research, 1982. 122 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural policy, International economic relations, Livestock production, Trade relations. KEYWORDS: EEC; sugar; oilseed; ACP (African, Caribbean, and Pacific Countries). 160 Hopkins, Raymond F. "Food, agriculture policies, and famine: Implications for African international relations." In: Africa in the Post-Decolonization Era, edited by Richard E. Bissell and Michael S. Radu. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Books, 1984. 59-81 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Food production, Agricultural policy, Famine, Food scarcity, International relations. KEYWORDS: food imports; Ujamaa ideology, Tanzania; IMF. 161 Hopkins, Raymond F. "Overburdened government and underfed populace: The role of food subsidies in Africa's economic crisis." In: The Crisis and Challenge of African Development, edited by Harvey Glickman. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood, 1988. 129-145 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Food aid, Food scarcity, Government economic management, Intervention policy, Agricultural marketing. KEYWORDS: World Bank; National Milling Corporation; food imports. Reviews criticisms of government consumer food subsidies and marketing controls. Offers an appraisal of such subsidies and the machinery required to provide them. 162 Horowitz, Michael M., and Peter D. Little. "African pastoralism and poverty: Some implications for drought and famine." In: Drought and Hunger in Africa: Denying Famine a Future, edited by Michael H. Glantz. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1987.59-82 pp. SUBJECTS: Livestock production, Rural poverty, Drought, Famine, Pastoralism, Environmental degradation, Privatization. Examines the complex relationship between pastoral poverty and ecology, with an emphasis on its implications for drought and famine. Confronts a number of the recurrent claims and assumptions about pastoralism that inform development thinking and interventions. Explores the mitigation of desertification. 163 Hyden, G. "La Crise africaine et la paysannerie non capturée." Politique africaine no. 18 (June 1985): 93-113. SUBJECTS: Subsistence farming, Peasant society, Rural development, Agrarian economy. 164 Hyden, Goran. "Beyond hunger in Africa—Breaking the spell

of mono-culture." In: Satisfying Africa's Food Needs: Food Production and Commercialization in African Agriculture, edited by Ronald Cohen. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1988. 47-78 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Food production, Hunger, Environmental analysis, Development theory. KEYWORDS: donor agency; monocrop economy. Critiques donor approaches to food security in Africa. Describes them as monocultural, that is, dominated by a single production strategy or technology. States why monocropping in agriculture, monoply in the institutional arena, and uniformity in values have been detrimental to African development. 165 Hyden, Goran. "The invisible economy of smallholder agriculture in Africa." In: Understanding Africa's Rural Households and Farming Systems, edited by Joyce Lewinger Moock. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1986. 11-35 pp. SUBJECTS: Smallholder agriculture, Agricultural production, Peasant economy, Rural development, Agricultural technology. KEYWORDS: farming systems research. Discusses constraints on African agricultural productivity. Highlights the historical specificity of African economic and political development. Addresses Africa's economy, its ambiguous role in development, and its need to adopt new agricultural strategies. 166 INADES. Petite bibliothèque agricole pour l'Afrique au sud du Sahara: accompagnée d'une brève analyse des ouvrages. Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: INADES, 1989. 55 pp. biblio, other docs. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Agricultural development, Livestock production. KEYWORDS: INADES (Institut Africain pour le Développement Economique et Social). Provides an annotated bibliography on agricultural development, livestock production, and related socioeconomic problems in Africa south of the Sahara. 167 INADES, ed. Systèmes agraires et droitfoncier en Afrique noire au sud du Sahara et Madagascar: Bibliographie. Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: INADES, 1981. 31 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Agrarian reform, Farming system, Land tenure system, Agricultural development, Pastoralism. KEYWORDS: INADES (Institut Africain pour le Développement Economique et Social); agricultural innovation. 168 International Livestock Centre for Africa and International Development Research Centre. Pastoral Systems Research in SubSaharan Africa: Proceedings of the IDRCÍILCA Workshop, held at ILCA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 21-24 March 1983. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: International Livestock Centre for Africa, 1983. 480 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Niger. SUBJECTS: Pastoralism, Livestock production, Household analysis, Rural development. KEYWORDS: plant resources. 169 International Society for Tropical Root Crops and E. R. Terry, eds. Tropical Root Crops: Production and Uses in Africa: Proceedings of the Second Triennial Symposium of the International Society for Tropical Roots Crops. Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre, 1984. 231 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Agricultural research, Ecological analysis. KEYWORDS: root crops; cassava; yams; cocoyams; sweet potatoes. 170 Jahnke, Hans E. Livestock Production Systems and Livestock Development in Tropical Africa. Kiel, West Germany: Kieler Wissenschaftsverlag Vauk, 1982. 253 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Livestock production, Pastoralism, Food production, Agricultural marketing. KEYWORDS: FAO. 171 Jeanguyot, Michelle. Action de la France en matière de développement vivrier en Afrique tropicale. Paris: Ministère de la Cooperation, 1981. 278 pp. SUBJECTS: Integrated rural develop-

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ment, Foreign aid, Food production, Agricultural development, Green Revolution, Agricultural technology, Research and development. KEYWORDS: France-Africa relations. 172 Johnston, Bruce F. "Governmental strategies for agricultural development." In: Strategies for African Development, edited by Robert J. Berg and Jennifer Seymour Whitaker. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, 1986.155-183 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Agricultural policy, Agricultural technology, Irrigation, Farming system. KEYWORDS: animal traction. States that there is a growing consensus that agricultural strategies should foster the progressive modernization of small farm units in countries where most are dependent on agriculture. Adds that technological progress and growth in production are constrained by the African environment. 173 Jones, William O. "Food-crop marketing boards in tropical Africa." The Journal of Modern African Studies 25, no. 3 (September 1987): 375-402. SUBJECTS: Marketing boards, Agricultural marketing, Food production, Free market. Reviews the evolution of food marketing boards in Africa. States that free-market conditions are more efficient but information blockages and entrepreneurial inexperience remain a barrier. Concludes that marketing boards should allow competitive trading and offer better information, training, and financial services. 174 Josserand, Henri P. Small Stock, Large Dividends: Sheep and Goats in Sub-Saharan Africa. Ann Arbor, Michigan: Center for Research on Economic Development, University of Michigan, 1983. 30 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Pastoralism, Livestock production, Food production, Agricultural development. KEYWORDS: small ruminants development; animal traction. 175 Kamwanya, Kalala. "Essai sur la contribution de Paul Richard á la comprehension de l'agriculture paysanne en Afrique." African Study Monographs 8, no. 3 (January 1988): 129-143. SUBJECTS: Smallholder agriculture, Development policy, Populism, Agricultural production, Peasant society. KEYWORDS: traditional agriculture; Richards, Paul. Critically analyzes Paul Richard's Indigenous Agricultural Revolution. 176 Karner, Harmut. 'The African food crisis: Another look beyond the emergency." Journal of Social Development in Africa 3, no. 1 (1988): 71-81. SUBJECTS: Food scarcity, Hunger, Green Revolution, Transnational corporations, Food aid, Peasant society. KEYWORDS: Burki, Shahid J. Discusses the causes of hunger and food shortage, the Green Revolution, and the situation of peasants in Africa. Reflects on an agricultural ecological renaissance and how this might be realized in Southern Africa. 177 Kirkpatrick, Colin, and Dimitris Diakosavvas. "Food insecurity and foreign-exchange constraints in sub-Saharan Africa." The Journal of Modern African Studies 23, no. 2 (June 1985): 239-250. tables. SUBJECTS: Food aid, Food scarcity, Malnutrition, Import policy. KEYWORDS: IMF. 178 Krenz, Maria E. "Drought and hunger in Africa: Denying famine a future." Africa Today 32, no. 4 (1985): 55-61. ALSO COVERS: Ethiopia. SUBJECTS: Environmental analysis, Food scarcity, Foreign aid, Drought, Famine. KEYWORDS: UN development programs; farmers' organization; voluntary organizations. 179 Krokfors, Christer. "Understanding African food situations." In: Land Management and Survival, edited by Anders Hjort. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1985. 16-26 pp.

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SUBJECTS: Food scarcity, Models, Food policy. KEYWORDS: poor-environmental model; space-territory model. 180 Kumar, Shubh K. "The nutrition situation and its food policy links." In: Accelerating Food Production in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by John W. Mellor, Christopher L. Delgado, and Malcolm J. Blackie. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987. 39-52 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Zambia. SUBJECTS: Nutrition, Malnutrition, Food policy, Agricultural production, Agricultural policy, Food production, Household analysis. Suggests that the decline in nutritional status in Zambia in poor crop years may result in increased urban migration and reduced availability of agricultural labor. Argues that this combination of factors lowers planting levels and production in succeeding years and establishes a vicious cycle: low labor productivity in food production results in poor nutritional status, reducing labor productivity. 181 La-Anyane, Seth. The Economics of Agricultural Development in Tropical Africa. New York: Wiley, 1985. 153 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural economics, Agricultural development, Agrarian economy, Economic integration, Agricultural sector. 182 Labonne, Michel. "L'Autosuffisance alimentaire en question." In: Nourrir les villes en Afrique sub-saharienne, edited by N. Bricas, G. Courade, J. Coussy, and Ph. Hugon. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1985. 357-366 pp. SUBJECTS: Food scarcity, Economic analysis, Agricultural development. KEYWORDS: food self-sufficiency. 183 Labonne, Michel. "Les politiques alimentaires à l'épreuve des faits." In: Asie-Afrique: greniers vides, greniers pleins, edited by Sylvie Brunei. Paris: Economica, 1986. 149-154 pp. SUBJECTS: Food policy, Famine, Intervention policy, Rural development. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; Sahel Club. Looks at various state agricultural intervention policies in Africa. Emphasizes a fusion of food and agricultural policies that is recognized in theory but not often in practice. 184 Laboratoire de S o c i o l o g i e et G é o g r a p h i e A f r i c a i n e s , ORSTOM, ed. A travers champs, agronomes et géographes: dynamique des systèmes agraires. Paris: ORSTOM, 1985. 297 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Farming system, Rural development, Livestock production, Agricultural technology. KEYWORDS: ORSTOM (Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique d'Outre-Mer). 185 Landais, Etienne, and Philippe LHoste. "L'Association agriculture-élevage en afrique intertropicale: un mythe techniciste confronté aux réalités du terrain." Cahiers des sciences humaines 26, no. 1/2 (1990): 217-235. biblio. SUBJECTS: Livestock production, Agricultural production. KEYWORDS: animal traction; agropastoralism. Analyzes the close relationship between agricultural vegetable and livestock production in Africa. Looks at essential relations among these types of production, animal traction, forage plant production, manure availability, and the importance of trees in the environment. 186 Lawrence, Peter. "Political economy of the 'Green Revolution' in Africa." Review of African Political Economy 42 (1988): 59-75. SUBJECTS: Green Revolution, Labor force, Agricultural research, Division of labor, Women's studies, Political economy studies, Agricultural labor. Surveys the extent to which new agricultural technologies associated with the Green Revolution have been introduced in Africa and attempts a preliminary assessment of their economic and social effects. Notes that there are many standard technical explanations associated with the adoption of new technologies in agriculture. 187 Leach, Gerald, and Robin Meams. Beyond the Woodfuel Crisis: People, Land, and Trees in Africa. London: Earthscan, 1988. 309 pp.

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biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Local planning policy, Management, Environmental analysis, Energy use, Agrarian economy, Plantation economy, Household economy. KEYWORDS: firewood. Covers the relations between fuel scarcity and human labor availability. Connects human perceptions of abundance and need to the actual physical energy spent obtaining fuel. Documents various rural and urban cases to sort out these relations.

development, Subsistence farming, Agricultural production. KEYWORDS: centralized physical grid infrastructure. Objects to the emphasis on central physical grid infrastructure. Argues that more attention should be focused on production-specific infrastructure, such as irrigation, within a well-defined technological context. Raises issues as to whether needed resources can be raised domestically and from foreign sources.

188 Lele, Uma. "Rural Africa: Modernization, equity, and long-term development." In: Agricultural Development in the Third World, edited by Carl K. Eicher and John M. Staatz. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1984. 436-452 pp. SUBJECTS: Farming system, Food scarcity, Foreign aid, Modernization, Peasant economy.

196 Lipton, Michael. "Research and the design of a policy frame for agriculture." In: Crisis and Recovery in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Tore Rose. Paris: OECD, 1985.78-93 pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural extension service, Farming system, Smallholder agriculture, Agricultural policy.

189 Lele, Uma, and Arthur A. Goldsmith. 'The development of national agricultural research capacity: India's experience with the Rockefeller Foundation and its significance for Africa." Economic DevelopmentandCulturalChange 37,no. 2 (January 1989): 305-343. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural research, Agricultural technology, Food production, Technical assistance, Nonformal education, National development. KEYWORDS: Rockefeller Foundation, India-Africa relations, institutional development. Examines the successful history of Indian efforts to promote technological change in agriculture. Details the important roles of the Rockefeller Foundation and the Indian government in this effort. Identifies the necessary conditions for recreating this success in Africa. 190 Leonard, David K. "Putting the farmer in control: Building agricultural institutions." In: Strategies for African Development, edited by Robert J. Berg and Jennifer Seymour Whitaker. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, 1986. 184-214 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Farming system, Irrigation, Infrastructure, Decentralization, Agricultural marketing, Agricultural research, Credit policy. Predicts a shift in the African agricultural structure of production because of land expansion limits and population growth. States that these pressures will cause an intensification of production and make land more valuable and labor more abundant. 191 Leonard, David K. The Political Realities of African Management. Binghamton, New York: Institute for Development Anthropology, 1984.39 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Agricultural sector, Agricultural policy, Administration, Management. 192 Levi, John, and Michael Havinden. The Economics of African Agriculture. Harlow, Essex, UK: Longman, 1982. 175 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Division of labor, Economic analysis, Agricultural economics, Agricultural policy, Capital accumulation, Agricultural production, Land tenure system. 193 Lipton, Michael. "African agricultural development: The EEC's newrol e." Institute of Development Studies Bulletin 14, no. 3 (1983): 21-31. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Foreign aid, Food policy. KEYWORDS: EEC. 194 Lipton, Michael, and Carol Heald. African Food Strategies and the EEC's Role: An Interim Review. Brighton, UK: Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, 1984. 104 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Kenya, Mali. SUBJECTS: Foreign aid policy, Food policy, Food scarcity, Agricultural development. KEYWORDS: EEC. 195 Lipton, Michael. "Agriculture and central physical grid infrastructure." In: Accelerating Food Production in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by John W. Mellor, Christopher L. Delgado, and Malcolm J. Blackie. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987. 210-226 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Infrastructure, Rural

197 Lipton, Michael. "Seasonality and ultrapoverty." Institute of Development Studies Bulletin 17, no. 3 (July 1986): 4-8. SUBJECTS: Rural poverty, Income distribution, Food scarcity, Agricultural policy. KEYWORDS: seasonality, climate. Addresses how seasons affect any analysis of the political and economic realities of agriculture, the rural economy, and the very poor. Suggests how the effects of seasonality can be mitigated. Defines the very poor as those who eat less than 80 percent of what they need while spending more than 80 percent of what they have. 198 Lipton, Michael. "The place of agricultural research in the development of sub-Saharan Africa." Institute ofDevelopment Studies Bulletin 16, no. 3 (July 1985): 14-23. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural research, Agricultural policy. 199 Livingstone, Ian D. Agricultural Economics for Tropical Africa. London: Heinemann, 1981. 304 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Standard of living, Agricultural development, Agricultural policy, Economic theory, International economic relations, Marketing boards. 200 Lofchie, Michael F. "Africa's agrarian malaise." In: African Independence: The First Twenty-Five Years, edited by Gwendolen M. Carter and Patrick O'Meara. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1985. 160-187 pp. SUBJECTS: Underdevelopment, Food scarcity, Environmental analysis, Price policy, Agrarian economy. KEYWORDS: World Bank; Bates, Robert H.; Berg Report 1981. 201 Lofchie, Michael F. "China's lessons for African agriculture." In: Satisfying Africa's Food Needs: Food Production and Commercialization in African Agriculture, edited by Ronald Cohen. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1988. 79-102 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Food production, Market system, State intervention, Price policy. KEYWORDS: China-Africa relations. States that despite the immense differences between China and Africa, China offers Africa several lessons. Describes these as treating agriculture as primary, providing farmers with incentives, combining state and market forces, reducing agricultural taxation, industrializing in the countryside, and pressing a comparative advantage in cash crops rather than food crops. 202 Lofchie, Michael F., and Stephen K. Commins. "Food deficits and agricultural policies in tropical Africa." The Journal of Modern African Studies 20, no. 1 (March 1982): 1-25. SUBJECTS: Development theory, Hunger, Food scarcity, Agricultural policy. KEYWORDS: Chenery, Hollis Bumby; Ricardo, David. 203 Lofchie, Michael F. "Food deficits in Africa: Causes and remedies." In: Agenda for Action: African-Soviet-U.S. Cooperation, edited by Anatoly A. Gromyko and C. S. Whitaker. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1990.13-25 pp. SUBJECTS: Food production, Environmental analysis, International cooperation, Food scarcity. KEYWORDS: US-USSR relations. Reviews the literature on why Africa experiences recurring food shortages. Describes the debate on the causes of and solutions to

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Africa's agricultural crisis, addressing the positions of those who emphasize recurring events, environmental degradation, the international economic environment, and government policy. 204 Lofchie, Michael F. "The external determinants of Africa's agrarian crisis." In: Pursuing Food Security: Strategies and Obstacles in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East, edited by W. Ladd Hollist and F. LaMond Tullis. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1987. 98-120 pp. SUBJECTS: Price policy, Export policy, Cash crop production, Foreign aid, Agrarian economy. Characterizes the food crisis in Africa in terms of plummeting per capita food production related to the way in which African governments' policies interface with international variables. States that the government-controlled pricing system has reinforced the export bias to the detriment of domestic food producers. 205 Lopatov, V. V. "The cooperation of Council for Mutual Economic Assistance with developing countries in agriculture." Africa in Soviet Studies (1983): 138-147. SUBJECTS: Fishing industry, Food scarcity, Water supply, Agricultural development, Agricultural production, Socialism, Food production. KEYWORDS: Council for Mutual Economic Assistance. 206 Lowe, R. G. Agricultural Revolution in Africa? Impediments to Change and Implications for Farming,for Education, and for Society. London: Macmillan, 1986. 295 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Land tenure system, Ecological analysis, Agrarian reform, Agricultural technology, Natural resource management. Takes a broad perspective on the status of agriculture in Africa. Covers topics including land tenure, ecological issues, the role of education, duties of government, and the need for technical assistance. Notes the influence of European agriculture on present agricultural thinking and the resulting influence on modem African agricultural transformation. 207 Mabbs-Zeno, Carl C. "Famine: Grasping the opportunities." African Studies Association Papers 29, no. 56 (October/November 1986): 1-12. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Famine, Food scarcity, Mortality rate, Malnutrition, Desertification. KEYWORDS: CILSS (Comité Permanent Inter-Etats de Lutte Contre la Sécheresse Sahel); agricultural history. Examines famine and the long-term environmental and population changes associated with it. States that modern famines can be anticipated since they are the result of social forces and that policies can thus be implemented to manipulate conditions during famine times. 208 Macgregor, Jenny. "The crisis in African agriculture." Africa Insight 20, no. 1 (1990): 4-16. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Food production, Population growth, Urbanization, Environmental analysis, Foreign aid, Agricultural policy, Price policy. Reviews the attempted solutions to Africa's agricultural crisis. Describes the constraints on realizing Africa's agricultural potential. Analyzes agricultural policies and foreign aid responses. Makes recommendations for increasing food production. 209 Mafeje, Archie. "African agriculture: The next 25 years—old problems, old solutions and scientific foibles." Africa DevelopmentlAfrique et développement 12, no. 2 (1987): 5-34. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Labor policy, Agricultural research, Foreign aid, Agricultural development. KEYWORDS: FAO; World Bank. Assesses the FAO's report on the plight of Africa over the next twenty-five years. Criticizes the report as favoring a capitalist mode of production. 210 Mars, Theo. "State and agriculture in Africa: A case of means and ends." Institute of Development Studies Bulletin 17, no. 1 (January 1986): 16-21. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Agricultural

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policy, Government analysis. Analyzes the relation of state capacity to Africa's agricultural crisis. Argues for an end to policy setting for its own sake and a move toward enabling the state apparatus to implement policies. Describes the problems of African state organization as those of any modern state. 211 Mathieu, Paul. "Usages de la loi et pratiques foncières dans les aménagements irrigués." Politique africaine no. 40 (December 1990) : 72-81. SUBJECTS: Irrigation, Land distribution. KEYWORDS: Senegal River Valley; land law. Examines the institutional and distributional difficulties that appear as a result of irrigation in Africa. Discusses methods for irrigated land distribution and the logic, strategies of actors, and role of the law in the parcel acquisition process. 212 McAlpin, Michelle B. "La Politique d'intervention d'urgence contre la famine en Inde: six leçons pour l'Afrique." In: Asie-Afrique: greniers vides, greniers pleins, edited by Sylvie Brunei. Paris: Economica, 1986. 79-97 pp. SUBJECTS: Famine, Agricultural policy, Food production, Intervention policy. KEYWORDS: India; CARE. Analyzes policies that increased agricultural production in India and applies six of these lessons to averting famine in Africa. Looks at practical policies such as dry season intervention, local condition studies, and other means of intervention. 213 McMaster, David Newcomb. Can Africa Feed Itself? Edinburgh, Scotland: Centre of African Studies, Edinburgh University, 1986. 42 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Food production, Agricultural production, Geographical analysis, Hunger, Agricultural development. Examines the role of food aid, internal and external investment, and internal programs and policies in improving the continent's ability to feed itself. 214 Meillassoux, Claude. "Paysans africains et travailleurs immigrés: de la surexploitation au génocide par la faim." In: La France contre l'Afrique, edited by François Maspero. Paris: F. Maspero, 1981. 38-53 pp. SUBJECTS: Informal sector, Agricultural development, Food scarcity, Economic dependency, Urban development, Ruralurban migration, Liberalism. 215 Mellor, John W., Christopher L. Delgado, and Malcolm J. Blackie, eds. Accelerating Food Production in Sub-Saharan Africa. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987.417 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Food production, Food scarcity, Food policy, Technological development, Foreign aid, National development. KEYWORDS: donor agency. Discusses food and nutritional problems facing Africa and the urgent need to increase agricultural production for future food security. Deals with food policy in the context of national development and foreign aid strategies. 216 Mellor, John W., Christopher L. Delgado, and Malcolm J. Blackie. "Priorities for accelerating food production growth in subSaharan Africa." In: Accelerating Food Production in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by John W. Mellor, Christopher L. Delgado, and Malcolm J. Blackie. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987. 353-375 pp. SUBJECTS: Food policy, Smallholder agriculture, Food production, Agricultural research, W o m e n ' s economic role, Commodity production. States that setting priorities for accelerating food production will be most vital in the public sector, that public institutions and government policy must play a critical role in getting the food sector moving, and that there is a consequent need to selectively expand the capacity of government to perform these functions. 217 Mellor, John W., and Malcolm J. Blackie. "Strategic issues in

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food production in sub-Saharan Africa." In: Accelerating Food Production in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by John W. Mellor, Christopher L. Delgado, and Malcolm J. Blackie. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987. 3-22 pp. SUBJECTS: Technological development, Food scarcity, Food policy, Food production. Discusses the food crisis in sub-Saharan Africa and stresses the need to accelerate food production for African development. Suggests technological change in combination with an adequate support system. 218 Mengisteab, Kidane. "Food shortages in Africa: A critique of existing agricultural strategies." Africa Today 32, no. 4 (1985): 39-52. tables. SUBJECTS: Environmental degradation, Agricultural sector, Food policy, Technology transfer, Division of labor.

225 Morgenthau, Ruth S. "Institutionalizing rural development: Lessons from evaluation." In: The Crisis and Challenge of African Development, edited by Harvey Glickman. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood, 1988. 146-175 pp. ALSO COVERS: Zimbabwe, Mali. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Food policy, Food scarcity, Agricultural production, Food aid. KEYWORDS: CILCA (Liaison Committee for Food Corps Programmes International). Discusses scarcity of food, food aid, and food production. Compares results of CILCA-sponsored projects and comments that reshaped policy and changes in practice are conducive to world food security.

219 Mengisteab, Kidane. "Political underdevelopment and food crisis in Africa." African Studies Association Papers 29, no. 62 (October/November 1986): 1-21. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Food scarcity, National planning policy, Agricultural development, Cash crop production, Food production, Marxism. Examines the weaknesses and strengths in both neo-Marxist theory and conventional theory regarding the food crisis in Africa. Concludes that deprivation can only be corrected by allocating resources to the production of food.

226 Moris, Jon R., and Derrick J. Thom. Irrigation Development in Africa: Lessons of Experience. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1990. 678 pp. tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Irrigation, Drought, Agricultural policy, Water supply, Agricultural production, Women's studies, Land tenure system. KEYWORDS: Bakolori Irrigation Project; USAID. Examines irrigation development in Africa, outlining the benefits and drawbacks. Touches upon various socioeconomic issues related to irrigation, such as women, pastoralism, and land tenure policy. Discusses irrigation management in Africa and the implications for donors.

220 Mignot, A. "Dynamique des structures de la production et modernité." In: Systèmes fonciers à la ville et au village: Afrique noire francophone, edited by Raymond Verdier and A. Rochegude. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1986. 225-255 pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Farming system, Social change, Traditional society. KEYWORDS: modernity. Analyzes social transformation in African history from the perspective of productive structures. Emphasizes agricultural production and land distribution while examining the impact of external structures on productive traditions. Explains preference for tradition and refusal of modernity as an alternative.

227 Moses, Yolanda R., ed. Proceedings: African Agricultural Development Conference: Technology,Ecology andSociety. Pomona, California: California State Polytechnic University, 1986. 203 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Appropriate technology, Self-reliance, Women's economic role, Environmental degradation, Agricultural marketing, Infrastructure. KEYWORDS: voluntary organizations; ecosystem. A collection of conference papers related to sustainable agriculture in Africa. Provides a multidisciplinary approach to key issues of agricultural development. Addresses agricultural self-reliance, technology, and education for development.

221 Miles, Henry L. "Obstacles to transferring technology to the African smallholder." African Studies Association Papers 25, no. 61 (November 1982): 1-19. SUBJECTS: Agricultural technology, Agricultural production, Corruption, Subsistence farming, Technical training, Cash crop production, Price policy.

228 Muller, Edward N., and Mitchell A. Seligson. "Inequality and insurgency." American Political Science Review 81, no. 2 (1987): 425-451. tables. SUBJECTS: Land distribution, Agrarian reform, Political violence, Income inequality, Income distribution. Proposes two hypotheses dealing with land distribution that may have significant implications for land reforms likely to reduce social conflict. Tests these hypotheses using cross-national data on land and income distribution.

222 Ministère du Développement Rural du Togo, ed. Première conférence de la recherche cotonnière africaine: Lomé, Togo, 31 Janvier-2 Février 1989. Vol. 1. Montpellier, France: Institut de Recherche du Coton et des Textiles Exotiques, 1989. 562 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Agricultural research, Agricultural technology, Agrarian economy, Economic analysis, Ecological analysis. KEYWORDS: cotton farming; CTA (Centre Technique de Coopération Agricole et Rurale). Addresses the productivity of cotton farming in Africa. Draws upon academic research to look at the ecological, technological, and economic parameters of cotton agriculture in several African countries. 223 Monu, Erasmus D. "Improving agricultural practices among African smallholders—The contribution of adoption and diffusion of innovation research to agricultural development in Africa." The African Studies Review 25, no. 4 (December 1982): 117-126. SUBJECTS: Agricultural labor, Agricultural technology, Agricultural research, Agricultural production, Agricultural extension service. 224 Morgenthau, Ruth S. "Agriculture and state formation in African states." African Studies Association Papers 26, no. 95 (December 1983): 1-60. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Smallholder agriculture, Food scarcity, Agricultural production, Education opportunity, Population growth, State formation, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: capital intensive.

229 Nair, Kusum. Transforming Traditionally: Land and Labor Use in Agriculture in Asia and Africa. Riverdale, Maryland: Riverdale, 1983.168 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Agricultural technology, Agricultural labor, Food production, Land use policy. KEYWORDS: traditional agriculture. 230 Ndagala, D. K. "Social science research on Africa: A review of methods and ethics." Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review 1, no. 1 (1985): 17-36. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Research methodology, Academic research, Pastoralism, Agricultural production. KEYWORDS: social science discipline; Hadzabe people; Rift Valley Project. 231 Ndegwa, Philip. "Drought and food policy in the African context." In: Coping with Drought in Kenya: National and Local Strategies, edited by Thomas E. Downing, Kangethe W. Gitu, and Crispin M. Kamau. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1989.369-378 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Drought, Food policy, Food production, Food aid. Reviews the experience in coping with drought in Africa in the 1980s and suggests policies to reduce long-term vulnerability. 232 Njoku, John E. Eberegbulam. Malthusianism, an African Dilem-

AFRICA/Agriculture ma: Hunger, Drought, and Starvation in Africa. Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow, 1986.181 pp. SUBJECTS: Hunger, Food production, Economic development, Population growth, Population policy. KEYWORDS: Malthus, Thomas Robert. Seeks a new theoretical base for approaching the problems of population and hunger in the African context. Examines past approaches, both theoretical and practical, and the causes of their failures. 233 Obibuaku, Lawrence O. Agricultural Extension as a Strategy for Agricultural Transformation. Nsukka, Nigeria: University of Nigeria, 1983. 119 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria, Zambia. SUBJECTS: Agricultural extension service, Agricultural development, Integrated rural development. 234 Oculi, Okello. Food and the African Revolution. Zaria, Nigeria: Vanguard, 1986. 215 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Hunger, Neocolonialism, Food production, Food policy. Discusses neocolonialism and food policy and how they relate to the current African food crisis. Claims that the roots of malnutrition and hunger are based in the colonial system and are still tied to the Western multinational corporations. Attempts to put the food crisis into an international context. 235 Odero-Ogwel, Lawi Andrew. The African Food Problem and the Challenge to the International Community. Kisumu, Kenya: Anyange, 1983. 23 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Smallholder agriculture, Food production, Foreign aid, Hunger, Policy recommendation, Population density. KEYWORDS: donor agency; climate. 236 OECD, ed. Répertoire, projets de recherche en matière de développement en AfriqueIRegister of Development Research Projects in Africa. Paris: OECD, 1986. 523 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Urban development, Farming system, Agricultural production, Agricultural development, Traditional society, Economic development. KEYWORDS: CODESRIA (Council for Development of Economic and Social Research in Africa). Provides detailed English and French descriptions of 1,109 development research projects recently carried out in forty-four African countries. Published simultaneously with an information directory of497 development research and training institutes in Africa. 237 Okoth-Ogendo, H. W. O. "Some issues of theory in the study of tenure relations in African agriculture." African Studies Association Papers 29, no. 72 (October/November 1986): 1-31. SUBJECTS: Property rights, Resource distribution, Land tenure system, Human rights, Agricultural development. Presents problem issues related to land tenure and African agrarian systems. States that knowledge of a society's philosophy of property and ownership must first be understood in order to make sense of production structures in that society and to draw appropriate analyses based on the social philosophy of the people. 238 Okoth-Ogendo, H. W. O. "Some issues of theory in the study of tenure relations in African agriculture." Africa: Journal of the International African Institute/Revue de L'Institut Africain International 59, no. 1 (1989): 6-17. SUBJECTS: Land tenure system, Natural resource management, Agricultural sector. Heralds the renewed interest in interdisciplinary cooperation in the study of African agrarian systems. Develops a framework for analyzing the structures by which rural communities gain access to and control over natural resources. Claims that resource control is central to agrarian dynamics. 239 Oloko, Olatunde. The Dilemma of African Modernisation. Lagos, Nigeria: University of Lagos Press, 1981.54 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Food production, Modernization,

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Economic relations, Agricultural sector, Urbanization, Drought. KEYWORDS: Parsons, Talcott; Hobbes, Thomas. 240 Osaghae, Eghosa E. "The African food crisis and the crisis of development in Africa: A theoretical exploration." Africa Quarterly 24, no. 3/4 (1985): 34-51. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Food scarcity, Food policy, Foreign aid, Underdevelopment, Food production. KEYWORDS: food security. 241 Oyejide, R. Ademola. "Food policy and the choice of trade regime." In: Accelerating Food Production in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by John W. Mellor, Christopher L. Delgado, and Malcolm J. Blackie. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987. 257-273 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Food production, Food policy, Import substitution, Agricultural development, Economic growth rate, Monetary exchange. Shows how the trade regimes of African countries have prejudiced not only the agricultural export sector but food production for domestic consumption. Looks at the way that the presence of a dominant nonagricultural export sector can discourage agricultural activity. 242 Pallangyo, E. P., and L. A. Odero-Ogwel. "The persistence of food and agricultural crisis in Africa and the role of the international community." In: Lagos Plan of Action and Africa's Future Economic Relations: Conference Proceedings, edited by ECA-Dalhousie Conference. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada: ECA-Dalhousie Conference, 1984. 1-28 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Food scarcity, Food production, International cooperation, Agricultural production, Crisis management. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980. 243 Palmer-Jones, Richard. "Economic aspects of participation in irrigation schemes." In: Les Politiques de l'eau en Afrique: développement agricole et participation paysanne, edited by Gérard Conac, Claudette Savonnet-Guyot, and Françoise Conac. Paris: Economica, 1985. 212-221 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Irrigation, Agricultural development, Peasant society, Government bureaucracy. KEYWORDS: peasant participation. 244 Paulino, Leonardo A. 'The evolving food situation." In: Accelerating Food Production in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by John W. Mellor, Christopher L. Delgado, and Malcolm J. Blackie. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987. 23-38 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: West Africa, Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Agricultural sector, Food production, Population growth. KEYWORDS: FAO; food self-sufficiency. Views food production outcomes over the 1960s and 1970s, documenting a markedly poor production record. Demonstrates the weight of West Africa in the overall results, suggesting the importance of a regional perspective in the formation of food policy. 245 Pehaut, Yves. "Les Difficultés agricoles et alimentaires en Afrique noire." Année africaine (1981): 321-342. SUBJECTS: Food production, Agricultural production, Urbanization, Demographic analysis, Development policy, Peasant society. 246 Perez de Arce, Diego. Marché mondial des oléoprotéagineux: Perspectives pour les pays africains producteurs d'arachides. Paris: République Française, Ministère des Rélations Extérieures, 1983.130 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: International economic relations, Cash crop production, Agricultural production, Agricultural marketing. KEYWORDS: vegetables; peanuts; EEC. 247 Pingali, Prabhu, Yves Bigot, and Hans Binswanger. Agricultural Mechanization and the Evolution of Farming Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987. 224 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Food production, Agricultural development, Agricultural policy, Agricultural technology, Farming

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system. KEYWORDS: agricultural mechanization. Identifies more clearly the conditions under which societies evolve from shifting cultivation to permanent cultivation of land. Analyzes the way agroclimatic, soil, and infrastructural constraints accelerate or retard this evolution of farming systems. 248 Plit, Florian. "L'Elevage sahélien pendant les sécheresses." Africana Bulletin 36 (1990): 109-135. other docs. SUBJECTS: Livestock production, Drought, Ecological analysis, Pastoralism, Migration pattern. KEYWORDS: Sahel. Examines the tragic effects of the 1968-1973 drought on the livestock production in Sahelian countries. Analyzes the reasons for these effects in terms of environmental degradation and changes in socioeconomic and political factors in the region. 249 Racine, Jean. "Autosuffisance alimentaire et transition nutritionelle." In: Asie-Afrique: greniers vides, greniers pleins, edited by Sylvie Brunnel. Paris: Economica, 1986. 37-50 pp. SUBJECTS: Food production, Self-sufficient economy, Nutrition, Irrigation. KEYWORDS: Asia-Africa relations, nutritional transition. Compares African and Asian agricultural policies to attain food self-sufficiency. Looks at extensive and intensive cultivation methods, administrative competency, and nutrition. Introduces the concept of nutritional transition as a point at which food is plentiful enough to satisfy demand but not nutritional requirements. 250 Raikes, Philip. "Flowing with milk and money: Food production in Africa and the policies of the EEC." In: World Recession and the Food Crisis in Africa, edited by Peter Lawrence. London: James Currey, 1986.160-176pp. SUBJECTS: Food production, Foreign aid, International economic relations, Food policy. KEYWORDS: EEC; cereals; CAP (common agricultural policy). Looks at general factors affecting food production and security, trends within tropical Africa, and relevant international processes. Considers the EEC and CAP protection in that context. Discusses various forms of aid, such as is given by the EEC, and their interplay with local state policy. 251 Raikes, Philip. Modernising Hunger: Famine, Food Surplus and Farming Policy in the EEC and Africa. London: Catholic Institute for International Relations, 1988. 280 pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural policy, Foreign aid, Food aid, Hunger. KEYWORDS: EEC; food security; CAP (Common Agricultural Policy); Lomé conventions. Focuses on the policies of the EEC and how they affect events in Africa. Looks at the conventional wisdom on the food and economic crisis in Africa, demonstrating that in several respects it is either wrong or oversimplified. Discusses project aid, including aid to Africa under the Lomé conventions. 252 Raison, J. P. "De la Prééminence de l'usage du sol à l'émergence d'une question foncière." In: Systèmes fonciers à la ville et au village: Afrique noire francophone, edited by Raymond Verdier and A. Rochegude. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1986. 27-51 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Land tenure system, Land-use policy, Farming system. KEYWORDS : land law. Analyzes land tenure and land-use systems of several African peoples. Examines traditional policies versus modem legal impositions and their intentions. Claims that traditional land management systems were better suited to the fragile agricultural environment in Africa. 253 Rakodi, Carole. "Self-reliance or survival? Food production in African cities, with particular reference to Zambia." African Urban Studies 21 (Spring 1985): 53-63. ALSO COVERS: Zambia. SUBJECTS: Self-sufficient economy, Food policy, Food scarcity, Food production. KEYWORDS: food security; urban agriculture. 254 Rau, Bill. Feast to Famine: The Course of Africa's Under-

development. Washington, DC: Africa Faith and Justice Network, 1985. 62 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Food scarcity, Food production, Drought, Crisis management, Self-reliance. 255 Raulin, Henri. "Techniques agraires et instruments aratoires au sud du Sahara." Cahiers des sciences humaines 20, no. 3/4 (1984): 339-358. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural technology, Agricultural production, Subsistence farming, Peasant economy. KEYWORDS: rice; Hausaland; plows. 256 Ravenhill, John, ed. Africa in Economic Crisis. London: Macmillan, 1986. 359 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Kenya, Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Crisis management, International relations, Agricultural production, Food scarcity. KEYWORDS: World Bank; ECA; OAU; Berg Report 1981; Lagos Plan of Action 1980. Assesses the various proposals that have been put forward as solutions to Africa's economic crisis. Examines key areas such as agriculture, industry, and finance, as well as case studies. Concludes that Africa needs policy reform accompanied by substantial external assistance. 257 Rimmer, Douglas, ed. Rural Transformation in Tropical Africa. London: Belhaven, 1988. 177 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Rural-urban relations, Population growth, Health care system, Water supply, Energy use, Food p r o d u c t i o n , Agrarian r e f o r m . KEYWORDS: disease. Explores research that would enable rural transformation in the areas of population growth, primary health care, domestic water supply, energy, rural-urban interaction, farmer-state relations, and the food crisis. 258 Robertson, A. F. The Dynamics of Productive Relationships: African Share Contracts in Comparative Perspective. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1987. 321 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Ghana, Sudan. SUBJECTS: Farming system, Agricultural sector, Labor migration. KEYWORDS: sharecropping; peanuts; cocoa; cotton. Argues that sharecropping is not the backward agricultural system it is believed to be. Analyzes theoretical debates in reference to African cases. Examines the domestic career of the farm owner and worker, the domestic farm cycle, and sharecroppers' access to land, labor, and resources. 259 Robson, T. O., and H. R. Broad, eds. Striga, Improved Management in Africa: Proceedings of the FAOIOAU All-Africa Government Consultation on Striga Control, Maroua, Cameroon, 20-24 October 1988. Rome, Italy: FAO, 1989. 205 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural research, Agricultural extension service, Food production. KEYWORDS: Striga hermonthica. A collection of papers from a conference designed to sensitize African governments and donors to the problem of striga. Includes information on crop losses and the state of research, extension, and training. Proposes the development of an action program for striga control. 260 Roux, Christian. "Alimentation et industrialisation: des rapports qu'entretiennent la technologie, les besoins alimentaires et les modes d'industrialisation (Première partie)." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 192/193 (1982): 63-96. SUBJECTS: Industrialization, Technology, Food policy, Market system, Development planning, Food production, Basic needs. 261 Roux, Christian. "Alimentation et industrialisation: des rapports qu'entretiennent la technologie, les besoins alimentaires et les modes d'industrialisation (Suite et fin)." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 194/195 (1982): 96117. t a b l e s . ALSO C O V E R S : T a n z a n i a . S U B J E C T S :

AFRICA/Agr¡culture • 19 Industrialization, Food production, Basic needs, Technology, Development planning, Health care policy, Smallholder agriculture. KEYWORDS: food self-sufficiency. 262 Sahli, Zoubir. 'The phenomenon of marginalisation in underdeveloped rural communities." Third World Quarterly 3, no. 3 (July 1981 ): 489-498. SUBJECTS: Food scarcity, Ecological analysis, Land distribution, Agricultural labor, Rural-urban migration. 263 Savane, Marie- Angelique. "Femmes, production et crise alimentaire en Afrique au sud du Sahara: les origines de la faible productivité des femmes." In: Femmes et politiques alimentaires: Actes du Séminaire International sur la Place des Femmes dans l'Autosuffisance et les Stratégies Alimentaires, edited by Jeanne Bisilliat, Georges Courade, Yveline Daillo-Leguen, and Agnes Morel. Paris: ORSTOM, 1985. 280-291 pp. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Agricultural production, Women's studies, Food production, Self-sufficient economy, Raw materials, Drought. 264 Scherpereel, Olivier. "Le Développement spontané dans le monde rural africain." In: Le Développement spontané: les activités informelles en Afrique, edited by Marc Penouil and Jean-Pierre Lachaud. Paris: A. Pedone, 1985. 195-223 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Informal sector, Rural development, Land tenure system, Agrarian economy, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: Southwest region, Côte d'Ivoire. 265 Schubert, James N. "Impact of food aid on world malnutrition." International Organization 35, no. 2 (1981): 303-354. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Population growth, Food policy, Infant mortality, Malnutrition, Food production. Challenges the argument that food aid depresses local food production, is maldistributed, and is therefore responsible only for decreasing the death rate rather than the overall mortality rate. Shows that food aid is significantly related to improving overall nutritional status. 266 Scott, Michael F. 'The role of non-government organizations in famine relief and prevention." In: Drought and Hunger in Africa: Denying Famine a Future, edited by Michael H. Glantz. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1987. 349-366 pp. SUBJECTS: Food aid, Nongovernmental organization, Famine, Drought, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: humanitarian aid; US-Africa relations; food security. Reviews the range of activities nongovernmental organizations undertake to fight famine, discussing their comparative advantages. Addresses the question of drought and famine, differentiating areas of chronic and periodic famine. Discusses the obstacles and difficulties NGOs encounter. 267 Sebillotte, Michel. "La Jachère. Eléments pour une théorie." In: A travers champs, agronomes et géographes: Dynamique des systèmes agraires, edited by ORSTOM, Laboratoire de Sociologie et Géographie Africaines. Paris: ORSTOM, 1985. 175-229 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Farming system, Agricultural technology, Rural development. 268 Sedov, P. 'The Soviet economy and the developing countries (Critique of bourgeois concepts)." In: The USSR and Africa, edited by Anatoly Gromyko. Moscow, USSR: Social Sciences Today Editorial Board, USSR Academy of Sciences, 1983. 150-166 pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural cooperatives, Socialism, Literature review, Industrialization, Agricultural development. 269 Seebohm, Frederic. "World hunger." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 83, no. 330 (January 1984): 3-9. SUBJECTS: Food aid, Food scarcity, Malnutrition, Population growth. KEYWORDS: ODI (Overseas Development Institute); EEC; Com-

monwealth Development Corporation. 270 Seeley, J. A. Famine in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Select Bibliography (Excluding the Sahel) from 1978. Cambridge, UK: African Studies Centre, University of Cambridge, 1986. 176 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Famine, Desertification, Drought, Food production, Civil war, Environmental degradation. Includes index by author, region, and topic under the general subject of food supply in Africa. 271 Sen, Amartya. "Food problem: Theory and policy." Third World Quarterly A, no. 3 (July 1982): 447-459. ALSO COVERS: Ethiopia. SUBJECTS: Food scarcity, International economic system, Food policy. KEYWORDS: Malthus, Thomas Robert. 272 Shapiro, Kenneth. "The limits of policy reform in African agricultural development: A comment on the World Bank's agenda." Rural Africana no. 19/20 (Spring/Fall 1984): 63-68. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Economic development, Agricultural policy. KEYWORDS: World Bank; Berg Report 1981. 273 Siann, J. M. "Labour constraints in the implementation of irrigation projects." In: Irrigation in Tropical Africa: Problems and Problem Solving, edited by W. M. Adams and A. T. Grove. Cambridge, UK: African Studies Centre, University of Cambridge, 1983. 86-95 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria, Madagascar. SUBJECTS: Irrigation, Labor policy, Labor force, Agricultural development, Water supply. 274 Simpson, James R., and Gregory M. Sullivan. "Planning for institutional change in utilization of sub-Saharan Africa's common property range resources." The African Studies Review 27, no. 4 (December 1984): 61-78. tables. SUBJECTS: Livestock production, Development planning, Population growth, Land tenure system, Property rights, Food production, Pastoralism. 275 Singh, Harjinder. "Agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa— Problems, progress and prospects." Africa Quarterly 28, no. 1/2 (1988): 35-51. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural sector, Food production, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: devaluation; food imports. Examines the agricultural crisis in Africa in terms of growth rates, food production, agricultural exports, food imports, and consumption patterns. Evaluates the causes for slow growth and structural adjustment as a response to this crisis, in particular the policy of devaluation. 276 Singh, Inderjit, Lyn Squire, and James Kirchner. Agricultural Pricing and Marketing Policies in an African Context: A Framework for Analysis. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1985. 106 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural marketing, Agricultural sector, Agrarian economy, Economic development, Price policy. 277 Singh, Ram D. Economics of the Family and Farming Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa: Development Perspectives. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1988. 208 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Women's economic role, Agricultural sector, Agricultural research, Family, Children, Farming system. KEYWORDS: polygamy; child labor. Presents an integrated analysis of the dynamics of the economics of households and farm production in polygynous family structures and traditional agriculture in rural Africa. Includes estimates of the economic contribution of women and children through home production and a critical evaluation of the economics of the farm. 278 Spencer, Dunstan S. C. "Agricultural research: Lessons of the past, strategies for the future." In: Strategies for African Development, edited by Robert J. Berg and Jennifer Seymour Whitaker. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, 1986. 215-241 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Academic research, Agricultural

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production, Colonialism, Farming system, Models, Agricultural research. Reviews strategies for African development and the performance of earlier agricultural systems; concludes with a critical evaluation of modern agricultural research strategies.

285 Timoshenko, V. N„ M. F. Gataulin, A. V. Nikiforov, and V. P. Morozov. "World food problem and Africa." Africa in Soviet Studies (1984): 100-113. tables. SUBJECTS: Food aid, Food scarcity, Hunger, Malnutrition, Agricultural production. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; ECA; New International Economic Order.

279 Sutlive, Vinson, Nathan Altshuler, and Mario Zamora, eds. Contemporary Nomadic and Pastoral Peoples: Africa and Latin America. Williamsburg, Virginia: Dept. of Anthropology, College of William and Mary, 1982. 154 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Pastoralism, Economic analysis, Migration pattern, Migration policy, Agrarian economy. KEYWORDS: nomadic people; range management.

286 Torry, William I. "The evolution of food rationing systems with reference to African group farms in the context of drought." In: Drought and Hunger in Africa: Denying Famine a Future, edited by Michael H. Glantz. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1987. 323-348 pp. SUBJECTS: Food scarcity, Drought, Farming system. KEYWORDS: food rationing systems. Explores the validity of the assumptions that "primitive rationing" affords broad-based insurance against food emergencies and that the modern state lacks this capacity. Discusses emergency food rationing systems evolved by the modern state to assess advantages over "primitive rationing" modes.

280 Swindell, Ken. "Agrarian change and peri-urban fringes in tropical Africa." In: Rural Transformation in Tropical Africa, edited by Douglas Rimmer. London: Belhaven, 1988. 98-115 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Land distribution, Urban population, Rural-urban relations, Household analysis, Food production, Commercial agriculture, Migration pattern. KEYWORDS: Hausa-Fulani people; Northern Nigeria; urban bias. Identifies urban fringes and the hinterlands of African towns as an interface where urban and rural interests meet in diverse forms of agricultural production and exchange. Notes a shift toward capitalist production that marginalizes the urban and rural poor. Analyzes the activities of farmers in these areas. 281 Tabatabai, Hamid. Food Crisis and Development Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1984. 66 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Food scarcity, Colonialism, Price policy, Development theory, Historical analysis, Agricultural policy, Policy analysis. KEYWORDS: World Bank; Lofchie, Michael. 282 Taylor, T. Ajibola, Robbie M. Mupawose, and Michael Collison. "Commentaries on technology." In: Accelerating Food Production in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by John W. Mellor, Christopher L. Delgado, and Malcolm J. Blackie. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987. 161-170 pp. SUBJECTS: Research and development, Agricultural production, Agricultural research. KEYWORDS: farming systems research. Assesses the importance of farming systems research with a discussion on the major shortcomings of the traditional top-down organization of research. 283 ter Kuile, Coenrad H. H. "The humid and subhumid tropics." In: Accelerating Food Production in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by John W. Mellor, Christopher L. Delgado, and Malcolm J. Blackie. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987. 97-108 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Natural resource management, Drought, Subsistence farming, Agricultural technology, Food production, Agricultural production. States that ecological and natural resource constraints impose severe limitations on the food crop potential of the African humid tropics. Proposes that sustained increases in food production will depend greatly on the adoption of environmentally sound farm and land management practices coupled with low-cost energy and lowcost, labor-saving equipment for on-farm use. 284 Timberlake, Lloyd. "Guarding Africa's renewable resources." In: Strategies for African Development, edited by Robert J. Berg and Jennifer Seymour Whitaker. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, 1986.111-128 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Farming system, Environmental analysis, Pastoralism. KEYWORDS: soil analysis; sustainable development. States that domestic spending on agriculture in Africa has dropped steadily. Argues that poor people overuse the land and the unproductive land further impoverishes the people. Comments that in Africa the environmental crisis and the agricultural crisis are the same.

287 Toulmin, Camilla. Economic Behaviour Among Livestockkeeping Peoples: A Review of the Literature on the Economics of Pastoral Production in the Semi-arid Zones of Africa. Norwich, UK: School of Development Studies, University of East Anglia, 1983.117 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Pastoralism, Livestock production, Drought, Rural planning policy. 288 Turner, Beryl. "The importance of dambos in African agriculture." Land Use Policy: Special Issue: Land Use in Africa 3, no. 4 (October 1986): 343-347. tables. SUBJECTS: Water supply, Irrigation, Agricultural development. KEYWORDS: dambos (waterlogged areas). Defines dambos as seasonally waterlogged, shallow, grassy depressions found at the head of drainage systems. Suggests that their use in grazing and irrigation has been overlooked. 289 Ugonis, Muriel. "Afrique: la crise de l'autosuffisance alimentaire." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 219/220 (1984): 67-77. SUBJECTS: Food aid, Food policy, Agricultural production, Agricultural development, Development planning, Food production. KEYWORDS: state farms. 290 Union Générale des Travailleurs Sénégalais. "Fleuve Sénégal: une population menacée." In: La France contre l'Afrique, edited by François Maspero. Paris: F. Maspero, 1981. 183-196 pp. ALSO COVERS: Senegal. SUBJECTS: Fishing industry, International relations, Migration, Agricultural development, Livestock production. 291 US Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Africa and Hunger: Prospects for Sustainable Development in SubSaharan Africa, Ninety-ninth Congress, First Session, 1985. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1985. 980 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Natural resource management, Drought, Famine, Development policy, Research and development. KEYWORDS: US-Africa relations. 292 US Congress. House. Select Committee on Hunger. Africa: Famine Relief and Rehabilitation: Hearing Before the Select Committee on Hunger, Ninety-ninth Congress, First Session, 1985. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1985. 129 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Famine, Food aid, Food scarcity, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: disaster relief. 293 US Congress. House. Select Committee on Hunger. Family Food Production in Africa: Sustainable Agriculture through Extension and Appropriate Technology: Hearing Before the Select Committee on Hunger, Ninety-ninth Congress, Second Session. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1986. 124 pp. SUBJECTS: Appropriate technology, Agricultural extension service, Food production, Agricultural development. KEYWORDS: US-Africa relations.

AFRICA/Agiiculture

294 US Congress. House. Select Committee on Hunger. Population Growth and Hunger: Hearing Before the Select Committee on Hunger, Ninety-ninth Congress, First Session, 1985. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1985. 118 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Food production, Nutrition, Agricultural research, Environmental analysis, Demographic analysis. 295 US Congress. Office of Technology Assessment. Enhancing Agriculture in Africa: A Role for U.S. Development Assistance. Washington, DC: US Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, 1988. 328 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Agricultural sector, Foreign aid, Agricultural technology, Livestock production, Water supply, Irrigation, Farming system. KEYWORDS: soil analysis; pest management; animal traction. Examines low-resource agriculture and how it makes the most of modest resources. Explores information on agricultural production, specifically, such techniques as agroforestry, small-scale irrigation, soil and water management, and the improved use of animals. 296 US Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. The Famine Effects on African Refugees: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Immigration and Refugee Policy of the Committee on the Judiciary, Ninety-ninth Congress, First Session, 1985. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1985.148 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Food production, Food aid, Land use policy, Demographic analysis. 297 US General Accounting Office. Africa's Agricultural Policies: A More Concerted Effort Will Be Needed If Reform Is Expected: Report to the Administrator, Agency for International Development. Washington, DC: US General Accounting Office, 1983. 25 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Reform, Food production, Agricultural policy, G o v e r n m e n t analysis, Government economic management. KEYWORDS: USAID. 298 Vallaeys, Guy, Pierre Silvestre, Malcolm J. Blackie, and Christopher L. Delgado. "Development and extension of agricultural production technology." In: Accelerating Food Production in SubSaharan Africa, edited by John W. Mellor, Christopher L. Delgado, and Malcolm J. Blackie. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987. 148-160 pp. ALSO COVERS: Senegal, Mali. SUBJECTS: Technology transfer, Agricultural production, Smallholder agriculture, Agricultural extension service, Agricultural research. KEYWORDS: researcher-farmer relations. Examines institutional problems of successfully generating a sustained flow of appropriate innovations that will be adopted by smallholder farmers. Defines the nature of the complexities that research and extension systems in Africa must face using a brief overview of issues observed in the successful adoption of agricultural technology. 299 van der Laan, Laurens. "The selling policies of African export marketing boards." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 85, no. 340 (July 1986): 365-383. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Marketing boards, Export market, Cash crop production. Examines the role of marketing boards throughout sub-Saharan Africa. Analyzes the selling policies of these boards and the strategies used to maximize profits. Suggests that new standards be set by which marketing boards are analyzed and further research be undertaken on their role throughout Africa. 300 van Zyl, Johan. "The price of determinate solutions: A call for methodological pluralism in agricultural economics." Development Southern Africa 6, no. 1 (February 1989): 6-13. SUBJECTS: Agricultural economics, Research methodology, Agricultural research. Considers the costs inherent in choosing certain scientific approaches over others. Describes the failure of agricultural science to consider the costs in producing determinate solutions to economic

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questions. 301 Vergopoulos, Kostas. "La Transnationalisation des aliments." AfricaDevelopment/Afriqueetdeveloppement 9, no. 1 (1984): 99-112. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Agricultural production, Food policy, Self-sufficient economy, Transnational corporations. 302 von Blanckenburg, Peter. Agricultural Extension Systems in Some African and Asian Countries: An Analysis of Country Reports. Rome, Italy: FAO, 1984. 75 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Project design, Agricultural extension service, Technology transfer, Agricultural development, Agricultural research. 303 Walker, Brian. "African environment and the aid process." International Journal 41, no. 4 (Autumn 1986): 734-747. ALSO COVERS: Sudan. SUBJECTS: Green Revolution, Agricultural production, Hunger, Market economy, Export economy, Famine. KEYWORDS: OXFAM. Examines the aid and development process of Western nations as it relates to African countries, utilizing Sudan as an example. Argues that the aid process must change to meet new crisis conditions and that Africans at village and community levels must be brought into a redesigned aid program. 304 Wangwe, Samuel M. Strategic Issues in Economic Development: An African Perspective. Boston, Massachusetts: African Studies Center, Boston University, 1983. 23 pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural extension service, Economic policy, Agricultural development, Industrial development, Political instability, Marketing, Price policy. KEYWORDS: energy policy. 305 Wanmali, Sudhir, and Francis S. Idachaba. "Commentaries on infrastructure." In: Accelerating Food Production in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by John W. Mellor, Christopher L. Delgado, and Malcolm J. Blackie. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987.227-238 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Infrastructure, Agricultural production, Agricultural development, Rural population, Economic integration. KEYWORDS: SADCC. Raises issues about how to allocate infrastructural expenditures among functions and locations over time. Stresses the linkage effects of government investment in infrastructure beyond just roads and other grid elements. Argues for support of massive investment in infrastructure. 306 Williams, Gavin. "Rural development—partners and adversaries." African Studies Association Papers 25, no. 122 (November 1982): 1-18. ALSO COVERS: Zimbabwe, Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Irrigation, Smallholder agriculture, Agricultural production, Resource distribution, Export policy, Rural development, Commercial agriculture. KEYWORDS: World Bank. 307 Wolde-Mariam, Mesfin. "The socioeconomic consequences of famine." In: Challenging Rural Poverty, edited by Fassil Kiros. Trenton, New Jersey: Africa World, 1985. 10-19 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Famine, Food scarcity, Subsistence farming, Drought. 308 Yahya, Saad S. "Nongovernmental organizations and land for the homeless." African Urban Quarterly 3, no. 1/2 (January/May 1988): 12-14. SUBJECTS: Environmental degradation, Foreign aid policy, Land tenure system, Development planning, Land distribution, Nongovernmental organization. KEYWORDS: homelessness. Examines ways that nongovernmental organizations could work together in order to help make land more available to more people at lower costs. 309 Zeleza, Tiyambe. "The current agrarian crisis in Africa: Its history and future." Journal of Eastern African Research and Development 16 (1986): 151-186. tables. SUBJECTS: Infrastructure,

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AFRICA/Agriculture

Hunger, Food scarcity, Food policy, Rural development. KEYWORDS: IMF; World Bank. Asserts that the isssues of food scarcity in sub-Saharan Africa do not stem from environmental factors but from political ones and that for Africa to feed itself, major changes need to be implemented both in African nations and by the West. SEE ALSO 3683, 5291, 5307, 6191, 8205, 8215, 10470, 13138, 13704, 13709, 14924.

Class

310 Barker, Jonathan. "Beyond the peasant principle: The state of the art of the political economy of rural Africa." In: Into the 80s: Proceedings of the Eleventh Conference of the Canadian Association ofAfrican Studies, edited by Donald Ray, Peter Shinnie, and Donovan Williams. Vancouver, Canada: Tantalus Research, 1981. 6-18 pp. SUBJECTS: State government, Political economy studies, Peasant class, Rural development, Class analysis, Household economy, Kinship. 311 Berry, Sara S. "Work, migration, and class in Western Nigera: A reinterpretation." In: Struggle for the City: Migrant Labor, Capital, and the State in Urban Africa, edited by Frederick Cooper. Beverly Hills, California: Sage, 1983. 247-273 pp. SUBJECTS: Labor migration, Class analysis, Class formation, Capital accumulation, Social stratification. KEYWORDS: Yoruba people. 312 Cohen, Dennis L. "Class and the analysis of African politics: Problems and prospects." In: Political Economy of Africa: Selected Readings, edited by Dennis L. Cohen and John Daniel. London: Longman, 1981. 85-111 pp. SUBJECTS: Bourgeoisie, Peasant class, Class analysis. 313 Cohen, Dennis L. 'The internal structures of dependency: Introduction and a select bibliography." In: Political Economy of Africa: Selected Readings, edited by Dennis L. Cohen and John Daniel. London: Longman, 1981. 75-84 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Social stratification, Class analysis, State formation, Dependency theory. 314 Diamond, Larry. "Class formation in the swollen African state." The Journal of Modern African Studies 25, no. 4 (December 1987): 567-596. SUBJECTS: Class formation, Corruption, Government analysis, Elite analysis. Argues that the African state is the locus of class formation and domination. Observes this in four distinct processes: the state's activities as employer and consumer, its role as social architect, political corruption, and ethnic patronage. Describes the parasitic African political class as the bane of development. 315 Fatton, Robert, Jr. "Bringing the ruling class back in: Class, state, and hegemony in Africa." Comparative Politics 20, no. 3 (April 1988): 253-264. SUBJECTS: Class analysis, State power, Hegemony, Ruling class, Political violence. KEYWORDS: patron-client relations. Contends that the state defends the underdeveloped ruling class, which fails to achieve hegemony, making the state authoritarian, unstable, and violent. Argues that patron-client networks create factional divisions and exacerbate dependence on external actors, the lack of ruling-class hegemony causing the state to remain defensive, coercive, and corrupt. 316 Fatton, Robert, Jr. "Gender, class, and state in Africa." In: Women and the State in Africa, edited by Jane L. Parpart and Kathleen

A. Staudt. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1989. 47-66 pp. SUBJECTS: Gender relations, Class analysis, State power, Ruling class, Hegemony. Looks at relations of class power, the process of class formation, and the hegemonic propensity of the ruling class in order to understand the role of the state. Argues that the ruling class controls the state and excludes most women. 317 Friedman, L. A., and S. V. Voronin. "Emergent countries' proletariat: Structure, composition and social development." Africa in Soviet Studies (1986): 58-74. tables. SUBJECTS: Working class, Class formation, Industrial development, Labor force. Examines the sociopolitical role the working class plays in the struggle for social restructuring. Analyzes the current nature of the proletariat in Africa and Asia and looks at the trends toward class formation in developing countries. 318 Friedman, L. A. "Hired labour and the working class in developing countries." In: Socio-economic Problems of Asian and African Countries, edited by Marcela Kubesova and Vladimir Pavlov. Prague, Czechoslavakia: Charles University, 1984. 47-98 pp. SUBJECTS: Working class, Class formation, Marxist analysis, Statistical analysis, Labor market. KEYWORDS: wage labor. 319 Institute for African Alternatives. Africa's Crisis. London: Institute for African Alternatives, 1987. 95 pp. ALSO COVERS: RSA, Zaire. SUBJECTS: Liberation movement, Nationalism, Class analysis. KEYWORDS: ANC; SACP; Freedom Charter 1955; Cabral, Amilcar; Lumumba, Patrice. Discusses conditions on the continent in the context of the current world crisis, with contributions by African scholars from Nigeria, Ghana, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Sudan, Senegal, Zaire, and the RSA. Traces the roots of Africa's problems and how contemporary governments have failed to deliver on promises made. 320 Kasfir, Nelson. "Class, political domination and the African state." In: The African State in Transition, edited by Zaki Ergas. London: Macmillan, 1987. 45-60 pp. SUBJECTS: Social stratification, Class analysis, Political power, Nation-state. Discusses the formation of a dominant class in African society through control of government. Suggests that these classes are made possible by foreign patronage. 321 Kasfir, Nelson, ed. State and Class in Africa. London: Frank Cass, 1984. 125 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria, Zaire. SUBJECTS: Class analysis, State intervention, Class formation, Elite analysis, Warfare, Dependency theory. KEYWORDS: patrimonial system. 322 Kilson, Martin. "Anatomy of African class consciousness: Agrarian populism in Ghana from 1915 to the 1940s and beyond." In: Studies in Power and Class in Africa, edited by Irving Leonard Markovitz. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1987.50-66 pp. ALSO COVERS: Ghana. SUBJECTS: Agrarian reform, Traditional society, Populism, Class analysis, Class formation. KEYWORDS: Kwahu people; restorationist rebellion; Asafo market, Kumasi; proxy rebellion. Analyzes the difficulties involved in the development of class consciousness. Describes African populism and how it can be diverted from revolution to rebellion. Argues that populism in Africa lacks system-changing capability. 323 Kosukhin, N. D. Revolutionary Democracy in Africa: Its Ideology and Policy, translated by Glenys Kozlov. Moscow: Progress, 1985.166 pp. SUBJECTS: Socialist revolution, Bourgeoisie, Peasant class, Working class, Class struggle, Economic policy. KEYWORDS: African socialism. 324 Kubesova, Marcela, and Vladimir Pavlov, eds. Socio-economic

AFRICA/Colonialism Problems of Asian and African Countries. Prague, Czechoslovakia: Charles University, 1984. 230 pp. SUBJECTS: Management, Class formation, Economic development, Bourgeoisie, Class analysis, Marxist analysis. 325 Lubeck, Paul M. "The future of the African bourgeoisie." In: The African Bourgeoisie: Capitalist Development in Nigeria, Kenya, and the Ivory Coast, edited by Paul M. Lubeck. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1987. 383-401 pp. SUBJECTS: Class analysis, Bourgeoisie, Class formation, State intervention, Privatization. Comments on the need for the indigenous bourgeoisie to ally itself with representatives of a mobilized popular sector to avert the contemporary crisis in African society. 326 M a g u b a n e , B e r n a r d , and N z o n g o l a - N t a l a j a , eds. Proletarianization and Class Struggle in Africa. San Francisco, California: Synthesis, 1983. 182 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: RSA, Zaire. SUBJECTS: Class struggle, Class formation, Revolutionary movement, Liberation movement. KEYWORDS: proletarianization. 327 Magubane, Bernard. "The evolution of the class structure in Africa." In: Political Economy of Contemporary Africa, edited by Peter C. W. Gutkind and Immanuel Wallerstein. Beverly Hills, California: Sage, 1985. 198-227 pp. SUBJECTS: Class analysis, Peasant class, Working class, Political economy studies, Class formation, Nationalism. 328 Martin, Guy. "Actualité de Fanon: convergences dans la pensée politique de Frantz Fanon et de Thomas Sankara." Genève Afrique/Geneva Africa 25, no. 2 (1987): 103-122. ALSO COVERS: Burkina Faso. SUBJECTS: Neocolonialism, Political ideology, Liberation movement, Class analysis, Class conflict. KEYWORDS: Sankara, Thomas; Fanon, Franz. Examines Thomas Sankara's political beliefs and concludes that Franz Fanon's ideas remain just as powerful today as they were in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Utilizes Burkina Faso's 1983 revolution as an example of Fanon's ideals in practice. 329 McFadden, Patricia. The Role of the African Intellectual. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: University of Swaziland, 1981. 11 pp. SUBJECTS: Imperialism, Bourgeoisie, Historical analysis, Class analysis, Higher education, Mass media. 330 Metuge, Wang. "Class interests in the teaching of political science in African universities." In: Political Science in Africa: A Critical Review, edited by Yolamu R. Barongo. London: Zed, 1983. 48-55 pp. SUBJECTS: Bourgeoisie, Higher education, Research methodology, Class analysis, Academic research. KEYWORDS: political science discipline. 331 Nnoli, Okwudiba. "Ethnicity and the working class in Africa: Consciousness and praxis." Ufahamu 10, no. 1/2 (Fall/Winter 1980/1981): 61-88. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Working class, Ethnicity, Elite analysis, Class analysis.

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and Iris Berger. New York: Africana, 1986.197-215 pp. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Division of labor, Class analysis, Class formation, Social stratification. KEYWORDS: Western Province, Kenya. Reviews studies of women's politics in Africa to determine the consequences of both class and gender stratification for the effectiveness of political action and for the probability of articulating and realizing redistributive goals. Includes a case study from the Kakamega District of Kenya. 335 Teodorovich, T. V. "Petty-bourgeois and pauper-lumpen strata in the liberation movement of African countries." Africa in Soviet Studies (1985): 72-92. SUBJECTS: Revolutionary movement, Marxist analysis, Bourgeoisie, Liberation movement, Working class, Smallholder agriculture, Social stratification. 336 Van Parys, Jean-Marie. "Travail, justice, société." In: Philosophie africaine: paix, justice, travail. Actes de la lOème Semaine Philosophique de Kinshasa 1986, edited by Faculté de Philosophie. Kinshasa, Zaire: Facultés Catholiques de Kinshasa, 1988. 177-183 pp. SUBJECTS: Political theory, Social development policy, Labor force, Class analysis, Working class. KEYWORDS: African philosophy. Analyzes the distorted social stature of the working class. Claims that certain societies view the work most necessary to society's progress and survival with less social consideration and remuneration than such work merits. States that among these occupations are educators and agriculturalists. 337 Waterman, Peter. "The 'labour aristocracy' in Africa: Introduction to an unfinished controversy." In: Political Economy of Africa: Selected Readings, edited by Dennis L. Cohen and John Daniel. London: Longman, 1981. 119-129 pp. SUBJECTS: Working class, Class analysis, Labor union, Political analysis. 338 Waterman, Peter. 'The concept of the 'semiproletarianized peasantry': An empirical and theoretical note." In: Proletarianization and Class Struggle in Africa, edited by Bernard Magubane and Nzongola-Ntalaja. San Francisco, California: Synthesis, 1983.172-182 pp. SUBJECTS: Leadership analysis, Class analysis, Peasant class, Literature review. KEYWORDS: peasant resistance. SEE ALSO 14176.

Colonialism

332 Ologoudou, Emile. "Les fondements économiques de l'état: La stratification et les classes sociales en Afrique indépendante." Présence africaine 127/128 (1983): 215-239. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Benin. SUBJECTS: Class analysis, Social stratification, Traditional political system, State formation.

339 Abernethy, David B. "European colonialism and post colonial crises in Africa." In: The Crisis and Challenge of African Development, edited by Harvey Glickman. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood, 1988. 3-23 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Imperialism, State power, Nationalist movement, Indirect rule, Colonialism, Political crisis. Discusses the performance crisis in Africa; analyzes the colonial policies and practices still retained by indigenous elites and discusses the role of the state in this context.

333 Shaw, Timothy M. Towards a Political Economy for Africa: The Dialectics of Dependence. London: Macmillan, 1985. 134 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Uneven development, Class formation, Class analysis, Crisis management, Economic inequality, Economic development. KEYWORDS: OAU; World Bank.

340 Ake, Claude. The Political Economy of Africa. Harlow, Essex, UK: Longman, 1981. 196 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Imperialism, Trade relations, Historical analysis, Socioeconomic analysis, Colonialism, Capitalism. KEYWORDS: modes of production.

334 Staudt, Kathleen. "Stratification: Implications for women's politics." In: Women and Class in Africa, edited by Claire Robertson

341 Anglin, Douglas. "Independent Black Africa: Retrospect and prospect." International Journal 39, no. 2 (Spring 1984): 481-504.

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AFRICA/Colonialism

SUBJECTS: Neocolonialism, Economic system, Economic dependency, Colonialism, Imperialism, Pan-Africanism. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; OAU; African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 1980. Examines the state of the African continent on the 100th anniversary of the Conference of Berlin. Notes that African economies are both highly dependent on the global economic climate and vulnerable to deliberate external manipulation. Considers possible strategies African states could adopt in dealing with the global economy.

Paris: L'Harmattan, 1987.186 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Colonialism, National liberation movement, Urban growth, International cooperation, Decolonization. A historical survey of such issues as power and precolonial states in Africa, the Berlin conference of 1885 and its impacts in Africa, and theories of colonization. Examines such themes as the national liberation movement, the impact of World War II, and the socioeconomic and urban development problems of independent Francophone countries such as Benin (formerly Dahomey), Zaire, and Madagascar.

342 Atta-Mills, Cadman. "Models of industrialization in Africa." In: Technologie et Industrialisation en Afrique/Technology and Industrialization in Africa, edited by F. Yachir. Dakar, Senegal: CODESRIA, 1981. 39-48 pp. SUBJECTS: Transnational corporations, Industrialization, Decolonization, Imperialism, Agricultural development, Export economy.

349 Cornell, Margaret, ed. Europe and Africa: Issues in Postcolonial Relations. London: Overseas Development Institute, 1981. 106 pp. biblio, tables. S U B J E C T S : M i n i n g , C o l o n i a l i s m , Neocolonialism, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: Lomé conventions; ACP (African, Caribbean, and Pacific Countries); OAU.

343 Biarnes, Pierre. Les Français en Afrique noire. De Richelieu à Mitterrand: 350 ans de présence française au Sud du Sahara. Paris: A. Colin, 1987. 447 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Economic relations, Colonialism, Decolonization. KEYWORDS: France-Africa relations; Francophone Africa; Brazzaville Conference. Analyzes four major periods of French relations with subSaharan Africa. Examines the precolonial, colonial, decolonial, and postcolonial periods in terms of commerce, politics, cooperation, conquest, and aid. 344 Boahen, A. Adu. African Perspectives on Colonialism. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987. 133 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Ghana, Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Historical analysis, Resistance movement, Decolonization. KEYWORDS: missionaries. Argues that most of the literature on colonialism in Africa is Eurocentric. Sets out to define how Africans perceived colonialism, what initiatives and responses Africans displayed in the face of the colonial challenge, and how Africans reacted after colonialism. 345 Bustin, Edouard. The Limits of French Intervention in Africa: A Study in Applied Neo-colonialism. Boston, Massachusetts: African Studies Center, Boston University, 1982. 27 pp. SUBJECTS: Neocolonialism, Intervention policy, Economic relations, International relations, Military intervention, Imperialism. KEYWORDS: France-Africa relations. 346 Centre Culturel Africain, ed. La Décolonisation de l'Afrique, vue par des africains: Colloque du 14 décembre 1985. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1987. 171 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Decolonization, Historical analysis, Political analysis, Independence movement, W o m e n ' s political role, Youth issues, Neocolonialism. KEYWORDS: IMF. Presents articles concerning the African political perspective on decolonization. Considers Western neocolonialism as an extension of imperial colonialism or as part of an incomplete decolonization process, by using financial institutions and development models. Claims recognition of recolonization would represent a first step toward complete decolonization. 347 Chalendar, Pierette, and Gerard Chalendar. "La Coopération entre le Portugal et ses anciennes colonies."Le M o « en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 184/185 (1981): 62-88. ALSO COVERS: Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique. SUBJECTS: International relations, Colonialism, Decolonization, Socialist revolution, Liberation movement. KEYWORDS: Portugal-Mozambique relations; Machel, Samora; Portugal-Guinea-Bissau relations. 348 Coquery-Vidrovitch, Catherine, ed. Autour de la conférence de Berlin: recherches diverses. Enseignement de recherches 1984-1985.

350 Darkoh, M. B. K. "The contemporary political map and African unity." Présence africaine 126 (1983): 58-98. biblio, maps. SUBJ E C T S : International relations, Nation-state, Colonialism, Decolonization, Ethnicity, Political independence, Political integration. 351 deSchutter,René. "Quelques réflexions sur l'impérialisme technologique Belge." Les cahiers du CEDAF no. 5/6 (1981): 41-44. ALSO COVERS: Zaire. SUBJECTS: Technology, Neocolonialism, Decolonization, Economic policy, Imperialism. KEYWORDS: Belgium-Africa relations; GRESEA (Groupe de Recherche pour une Stratégie Economique Alternative). 352 François Maspero, ed. La France contre l'Afrique. Paris: F. Maspero, 1981. 271 pp. SUBJECTS: Neocolonialism, International relations, Foreign aid, Military aid, Economic dependency, Imperialism. KEYWORDS: France-Africa relations. 353 Gardinier, David E. "Decolonization in French, Belgian, Portuguese, and Italian Africa: Bibliography." In: Decolonization and African Independence: The Transfers of Power, 1960-1980, edited by Prosser Gifford and Wm. Roger Louis. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1988. 573-635 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Decolonization, Colonialism. Includes works in European languages and English that have been published since 1974 and contribute to an understanding of decolonization in French, Belgian, Portuguese, and Italian Africa. 354 Gifford, Prosser, andWm. Roger Louis, eds. Decolonization and African Independence: The Transfers of Power, 1960-1980. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1988. 651 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Decolonization, Political independence, Neocolonialism, Independence movement. Analyzes the origins of power and its transfer in the transition from the colonial to the postcolonial era, focusing on the 1960s and 1970s. Uses several individual country studies as a basis for exploring the consequences of decolonization. 355 Gifford, Prosser, and Wm. Roger Louis, eds. The Transfer of Power in Africa: Decolonization, 1940-1960. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1982. 654 pp. biblio, maps. SUBJECTS: Imperialism, Political independence, Decolonization, Political history. 356 Goncharov, V. I. "Economic problems of African countries." Africa in Soviet Studies (1988): 6-26. SUBJECTS: Imperialism, Socioeconomic analysis, Neocolonialism, Capitalism, Transnational corporations. KEYWORDS: USSR-Africa relations; CPSU (Communist Party of the Soviet Union). Analyzes the results of two and a half decades of African decolonization, and the economic, social, and political achievements of African peoples during that time. Examines foreign interference in

AFRICA/Colonialism the decolonialization process and Africa's international role. 357 Goudou, Thomas. "L'OUA: rétrospective et perspective politiques (deuxieme partie)." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 229/230 (1985): 3-22. SUBJECTS: International relations, Colonialism, Decolonization, Neocolonialism, Human rights, Regional development, Regional economics. KEYWORDS: O AU. 358 Goudou, Thomas. "L'OUA: rétrospective et perspective politiques (première partie)." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 227/228 (1984): 37-54. SUBJECTS: International relations, Colonialism, Decolonization, Regional development, Economic cooperation, Pan-Africanism. KEYWORDS: OAU; OCAMM (Organisation Commune Africaine, Malgache, et Mauricienne); Toure, Ahmed Sekou. 359 Guillemin, Jacques. "L'Importance des bases dans la politique militaire de la France en Afrique noire francophone et à Madagascar." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 188/189 (1981): 31-44. ALSO COVERS: Madagascar. SUBJECTS: Military policy, Neocolonialism, Decolonization. KEYWORDS: Francophone Africa; French military bases. 360 Hargreaves, John D. Decolonization in Africa. London: Longman, 1988. 263 pp. maps. ALSO COVERS: Zimbabwe, Sudan. SUBJECTS: Warfare, Decolonization, National liberation movement, Nationalism, Neocolonialism. An historical account of decolonization in Africa. Focuses on the peaceful transfer of power. Reviews the historical legacy of colonialism and its present counterpart, neocolonialism. 361 Harshe, Rajen. "French neo-colonialism and development in sub-Saharan Africa." In: Development Issues in Africa, edited by Priya Mutalik-Desai. Bombay, India: Himalaya Publishing House, 1982. 263-288 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Colonialism, Neocolonialism, Foreign aid. 362 Jackson, Robert H. "Negative sovereignty in sub-Saharan Africa." Review of International Studies 12, no. 4 (1986): 247-264. SUBJECTS: Decolonization, Race relations, Nationalism, Colonialism, Self-determination. KEYWORDS: legitimacy theory. Examines self-determination of nation-states in sub-Saharan Africa. Determines popular legitimacy based on national self-determination to be a misleading characterization of international legitimacy. 363 Jaffe, Hosea. History of Africa. London: Zed, 1985. 172 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Economic development, Historical analysis, Imperialism, Class struggle. 364 Lazarus, Neil. Resistance in Postcolonial African Fiction. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1990. 262 pp. SUBJECTS: Arts, Ideologies, Decolonization, Literature review, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: African literature; Armah, Ayi Kwei. Investigates the ways in which African writers tended to view the postcolonial situation in the 1960s and early 1970s. Examines radical African intellectualism and the forms of African fiction in the postcolonial era in general and the work of Ayi Kwei Armah in particular. 365 Leplaideur, Alain, and François Ruf. "Quelques éléments sur l'évolution historique des économies de plantation en zone forestière Africaine." CIRES: Cahiers Ivoiriens de recherche économique et sociale 30 (September 1981): 51-63. tables. ALSO COVERS: Côte d'Ivoire. SUBJECTS: Plantation economy, Natural resource management, Rural d e v e l o p m e n t , C o l o n i a l i s m , D e c o l o n i z a t i o n . KEYWORDS: modes of production, Mossi people.

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366 Letnev, A. B. 'The influence of the October Revolution in Russia on Africa and the policy of British colonialism." Africa in Soviet Studies (1989): 32-44. ALSO COVERS: Kenya, Gambia. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Socialist revolution, Mass communication, Imperialism. KEYWORDS: USSR-Africa relations; UK-Africa relations. Examines how African countries under the British learned about socialist ideas and assimilated them. Argues that as a result many African countries are today adherents of Marxist philosophy. 367 Low, Anthony. "The end of the British empire in Africa." In: Decolonization and African Independence: The Transfers of Power, 1960-1980, edited by Prosser Gifford and Wm. Roger Louis. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1988. 33-72 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Indirect rule, Nationalist movement, Independence movement, Colonialism. Examines the process of British decolonization; looks specifically at nationalist movements that accelerated the transfer of power. 368 Mbefo, Luke Nnamdi. The Reshaping of African Traditions. Enugu, Nigeria: Spiritan, 1988. 109 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Liberation movement, Traditional society, Decolonization. KEYWORDS: OAU. Concentrates on the modern African as a "cultural hybrid" between the West and African tradition. Discusses how colonialism affects modern African identity and political movements and processes. Concludes that Africans of today must work out what they will take from the West and what they will keep from their own tradition. 369 McHenry, Donald F. "The United Nations: Its role in decolonization." In: African Independence: The First Twenty-Five Years, edited by Gwendolen M. Carter and Patrick O'Meara. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1985. 31-44 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Colonialism, Independence movement, Decolonization, Economic development. KEYWORDS: UN; League of Nations; UN Declaration on Granting Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples. 370 Midiohouan, Guy Ossito. "Le Phénomène des 'littératures nationales' en Afrique." Peuples noirs; peuples africains 5, no. 27 (May/June 1982): 57-70. SUBJECTS: Literature review, Nationalism, Decolonization, Colonialism, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: fiction. 371 Mutahaba, Gelase. "Ecology and public administration in Africa: A review of their relationships since independence." In: The Ecology of Public Administration and Management in Africa, edited by the African Association for Public Administration and Management. New Delhi, India: Vikas, 1986. 1-18 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Public administration, Government bureaucracy, Administration, Decolonization, Ecological analysis. Reviews the relationship between the African administrative system and its ecology as it has changed since independence. Contends that the adverse effects that ecological variables have on the performance of administrative organizations in Africa have been exaggerated. 372 Nzongola-Ntalaja. Class Struggles and National Liberation in Africa: Essays on the Political Economy of Neocolonialism. Boston, M a s s a c h u s e t t s : O m e n a n a , 1982. 125 pp. S U B J E C T S : Neocolonialism, Marxist analysis, Political history, National liberation movement, Decolonization, Case study. 373 Okolo, Amechi. "Dependency: The highest stage of capitalist domination in Africa." In: The Future of Africa and the New International Economic Order, edited by Ralph I. Onwuku and Olajide Aluko. London: Macmillan, 1986. 296-320 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: International relations, Historical

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AFRICA/Colonialism

analysis, Imperialism, Colonialism, Neocolonialism, Economic dependency. KEYWORDS: capitalist domination. Discusses different stages and forms of Western domination in Africa and concludes that Africa must disengage from the international political system for real development to take place. 374 Onyejekwe, Okey. "Decolonization and recolonization in Africa: The trend for the 1980s?" Journal of African Studies 11, no. 3 (Fall 1984): 110-116. S U B J E C T S : International relations, Decolonization, Self-determination, Neocolonialism. KEYWORDS: Africanization. 375 Palmberg, Mai. The Struggle for Africa, translated by E. M. K. Andree, Mai Palmberg, and Howard Simson. London: Zed, 1983.286 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Apartheid, Colonialism, Nationalist movement, Neocolonialism, Liberation movement. KEYWORDS: Unilateral Declaration of Independence 1965; FRELIMO; SWAPO. 376 Panter-Brick, Keith. "Independence, French style." In: Decolonization and African Independence: The Transfers of Power, 1960-1980, edited by Prosser Gifford and Wm. Roger Louis. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1988. 73-104 pp. SUBJECTS: Independence movement, Decolonization, Nationalist movement, Colonialism. KEYWORDS : France-Africa relations; de Gaulle, Charles. Examines the process of decolonization in French-Africa, which occurred as the result of a combination of political factors within France as well as overseas. Claims the independence of Morocco and Tunisia played a large role by influencing the liberation struggle in other African countries. 377 Pascal, Roger. "Le Paternalisme! Voila l'ennemi!" Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 247/248 (1986): 42-51. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Decolonization, F o r e i g n aid, D e v e l o p m e n t policy, I n t e r n a t i o n a l relations. KEYWORDS: France-Africa relations; paternalism. States that development came with colonialism, but development brought loss of autonomy, poverty, and, finally, insolvency. Argues that development also brought increased urbanization without a corresponding agricultural revolution. Claims that Western paternalism is creating a powder keg in Africa. 378 Rathmann, Lothar, Gert Kiick, Klaus Hutschenreuter, and Albin Kress, eds. Colonialism, Neocolonialism, and Africa's Path to a Peaceful Future. Berlin, East Germany: Akademie-Verlag, 1985.200 pp. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Neocolonialism, Apartheid, Imperialism. 379 Sekgoma, Gilbert A. "Decolonization: Towards a global perspective, 1940-1978." In: Africa and the International Political System, edited by Timothy M. Shaw and 'Sola Ojo. Washington, DC: University Press of America, 1982. 41-67 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Decolonization, Colonialism, Nationalism. KEYWORDS: Pax Americana; UN Monetary and Financial Conference 1944; Colonial Development and Welfare Act; IMF. 380 Semi-Bi, Zan. "Il y a trente ans: décolonisation de l'Afrique noire francophone." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines no. 253/254 (February/March 1987): 7-27. tables. SUBJECTS: Decolonization, Political development, Independence movement, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: Francophone Africa; France-African Community; Loi-Cadre. Looks at the process of decolonization in the French African overseas colonies. Questions how and why this process took place, emphasizing the major actors and their accomplishments. Examines African political formations and the acceleration of the movement. 381 Shaw, Timothy. "Africa and the new international division of

labour: Inheritance, innovation and inevitability." In: Lagos Plan of Action and Africa's Future Economic Relations: Conference Proceedings, edited by ECA-Dalhousie Conference. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada: ECA-Dalhousie Conference, 1984. 1-37 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Development theory, Division of labor, Decolonization, Neocolonialism. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; World Bank. 382 Sklar, Richard L. "The colonial imprint on African political thought." In: African Independence: The First Twenty-Five Years, edited by Gwendolen M. Carter and Patrick O'Meara. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1985. 1-30 pp. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Colonialism, Indirect rule, Neocolonialism. KEYWORDS: Blyden, Edward Wilmot; Francophone Africa. 383 Wallerstein, Immanuel. "Africa and the world system: How much change since independence?" In: African Independence: The First Twenty-Five Years, edited by Gwendolen M. Carter and Patrick O'Meara. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1985.330338 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: International relations, Colonialism, Neocolonialism, National liberation movement. KEYWORDS: Cohen, Felix S.; Nkrumah, Kwame. 384 Wamba-dia-Wamba, E. History of Neo-colonialism or Neocolonialist History?: Self-determination and History in Africa. Trenton, New Jersey: Africa Research and Publications Project, 1983. 20 pp. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Neocolonialism, Historical analysis, Higher education, Socialism, Academic research, Self-determination, Imperialism. KEYWORDS: social science discipline; Eurocentric theory. 385 Young, Crawford. "Africa's colonial legacy." In: Strategies for African Development, edited by Robert J. Berg and Jennifer Seymour Whitaker. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, 1986. 25-51 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Decolonization, Government analysis. States the need to recognize the historical roots of Africa's development problems. Argues that patterns of state behavior and structure arise out of the character of the colonial state and the way the postcolonial state adapted to its colonial legacy. 386 Young, Crawford. "The colonial state and post-colonial crisis." In: Decolonization and African Independence: The Transfers of Power, 1960-1980, edited by Prosser Gifford and Wm. Roger Louis. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1988. 1-31 pp. ALSO COVERS: Congo. SUBJECTS: International relations, Colonialism, Crisis management, Decolonization. KEYWORDS: Mobutu Sese Seko. Examines the period of decolonization with a specific look at the Belgian Congo. States that Zaire's present crisis has resulted from a combination of colonial rule and poor policies of the Mobutu government. SEE ALSO 6110.

Economics

387 No Author. "Africa and world crisis." Journal of African Marxists no. 4 (September 1983): 2-4. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Poverty, Economic recession, Marxism-Leninism. KEYWORDS: OAU. 388 No Author. "Les institutions financières internationales de développement (IFID)." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance

AFRICA/Economics • 2 7 et coopération 40, no. 1/2 (Januaiy/June 1986): 16-36. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Foreign aid policy, Banking policy, Development policy, Developmentplanning. KEYWORDS: WorldBank; IMF; USAID. Explores how international financial institutions emerged and the role that they play in the international scene. 389 Abdallah, Ahmed. "A challenge to central banking in Africa." Africa and the World 1, no. 2 (January 1988): 35-44. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Debt crisis, Debt financing, Banking, Development financing. KEYWORDS: ADB (African Development Bank); donor agency. Examines measures undertaken by African banks—specifically the Central Bank—in development financing. Calls for a more active, aggressive, and forward-looking role by the Central Bank to help Africa achieve sustainable growth. 390 Abegunrin, 'Layi. "The Lagos Plan of Action versus Brandt Commission Report: An appraisal." In: African Development: The OAU/ECA Plan of Action and Beyond, edited by Ralph I. Onwuka, 'Layi Abegunrin, and Dhanjoo N. Ghista. Lawrenceville, Virginia: Brunswick, 1985. 70-86 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic inequality, International relations, North-South relations. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; Brandt Commission Report 1980; OAU. 391 Abernethy, David B. "Bureaucratic growth and economic decline in sub-Saharan Africa." African Studies Association Papers 26, no. 3b (December 1983): 1-33. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Cash crop production, Government expenditure, Education opportunity, Nationalism, Civil service, State-owned enterprise, Public sector. KEYWORDS: minerals. 392 Abidogun, Ayo. "Deriving the internal rate of return from production function estimates: An alternative procedure in investment evaluation." The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies 24, no. 3 (November 1982): 373-378. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development. KEYWORDS: internal rate of return; capital flow. 393 Aboagye, A., K. Gozo, and I. Ahmed. "Sub-Saharan Africa." African Environment 25/28 (1990): 53-80. tables. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Economic recession, Employment, Poverty, Debt crisis. Considers the impact of structural adjustment on many African countries. Describes several national adjustment programs in detail, as well as changes in employment and income in those countries. States that the poor countries have seen their circumstances worsen. 394 Abubakar, Ahmad. Africa and the Challenge of Development: Acquiescence and Dependency Versus Freedom and Development. New York: Praeger, 1989. 152 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic crisis, Self-reliance, Economic development, Technological development, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: OAU. Proposes three requirements for Africa's development: a concrete commitment to development, a concrete effort to end dependence on the global economic system, and a people-oriented and self-reliant development strategy. 395 Adebe, Adera. "Financial repression and its impact on financial development and economic growth in the African least developed countriesSavings and Development 14, no. 1 (1990): 55-87. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Financial system, Banking, Investment policy, Credit policy, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: savings. Examines the savings and investment process in Africa, exploring how mobilized funds are used for investment. Suggests reforms to the banking system and interest rate policy so that African countries rely less on foreign aid and more on their own resources. 396 Adedeji, Adebayo. "Administrative adjustments and responses

to changes in the economic environment." In: The Ecology of Public Administration and Management in Africa, edited by the African Association for Public Administration and Management. New Delhi, India: Vikas, 1986.105-121 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic management, Economic development, Government economic management, Centrally planned economy. KEYWORDS: ECA. Discusses the economic and social problems that face Africa as a continent, and the administrative and managerial responses needed to reverse the negative trends of the 1980s. Focuses on economic management issues and planning strategies for development. 397 Adedeji, Adebayo. "Development and economic growth in Africa to the year 2000: Alternative projections and policies." In: Alternative Futures for Africa, edited by Timothy M. Shaw. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1982. 279-304 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Development policy, Economic planning, Economic system, Self-reliance. 398 Adedeji, Adebayo. "Economic progress: What Africa needs." TransAfrica Forum 7, no. 2 (Summer 1990): 11-26. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Structural adjustment, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: World Bank; IMF. Holds the governments and financial institutions of the West responsible for the failure of structural adjustment policies in Africa. States that structural adjustment is a flawed policy and must be eliminated from development programs. 399 Adedeji, Adebayo. "Foreign debt and prospects for growth in Africa during the 1980s." The Journal of Modern African Studies 23, no. 1 (March 1985): 53-74. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Credit policy, International economic relations, Debt financing. 400 Adedeji, Adebayo. "Historical and theoretical background." In: Indigenization of African Economies, edited by Adebayo Adedeji. London: Hutchinson, 1981. 29-41 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Historical analysis, Economic theory, Indigenization, Capitalism, Nationalization. 401 Adedeji, Adebayo. "La Situation économique de l'Afrique: vers une reprise?" Politique étrangère 53, no. 3 (1988): 621-638. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Underdevelopment, Development theory, Political instability, International economic system, Banking, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: UN; Lagos Plan of Action 1980. Examines the impact of the 1980 Lagos Plan of Action. Calls for the continuation of vigorous domestic policies and the creation of an economic environment that enables growth. 402 Adedeji, Adebayo. "Monrovia strategy and the Lagos Plan of Action: Five years after." In: Economic Crisis in Africa: African Perspectives on Development Problems and Potentials, edited by Adebayo Adedeji and Timothy M. Shaw. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1985. 9-34 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic crisis. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; Monrovia Declaration 1979; ECA. 403 Adedeji, Adebayo. "Problems and limitations of indigenization." In: Indigenization of African Economies, edited by Adebayo Adedeji. London: Hutchinson, 1981. 383-394 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, International economic relations, Industrial development, Economic integration, Economic development policy, Indigenization, Self-reliance. KEYWORDS: ECA; OAU. 404 Adedeji, Adebayo, Sadiq Rasheed, and Melody Morrison, eds. The Human Dimension of Africa's Persistent Economic Crisis: Selected Papers from the United Nations International Conference on the Human Dimension of Africa's Economic Recovery and Development. London: Hans Zell, 1990. 391 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development,

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Human resources development, Structural adjustment, Labor force, Nongovernmental organization, Private sector. KEYWORDS: World Bank; ECA. A selection of papers intended to highlight the theme of a 1988 conference in Khartoum. Includes essays on recovery and development, the economic crisis, structural adjustment, and labor development. 405 Adedeji, Adebayo, ed. The Indigenization ofAfrican Economies. London: Hutchinson, 1981. 413 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic dependency, Historical analysis, Economic analysis, Foreign investment, Indigenization, Industrial policy. 406 Adera, Abebe. "Agricultural credit and the mobilization of resources in rural Africa." Savings and Development 10, no. 1 (1987): 29-73. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Investment policy, Commercial banking, Agricultural policy, Credit policy, Smallholder agriculture. Notes the food production crisis in Africa and its links to government policy, as well as lack of savings and credit. Asks what resources are available to farmers and under what conditions. Recommends more support of informal lending, which plays an essential role in agriculture. 407 African Development Bank and Economic Commission for Africa. Economic Report on Africa, 1988: A Report of the Staff of the African Development Bank and Economic Commission for Africa. Abdijan, Côte d'Ivoire: African Development Bank and Economic Commission for Africa, 1988. 100 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Economic analysis, National planning policy, Environmental degradation, Agricultural sector. The fifth annual economic report on Africa; analyzes the state of the African economy, recent economic performances, and the future of development in Africa. States that inadequate rains, low commodity prices, debt servicing, and foreign exchange rates have all played a role in the low economic growth rate. 408 Aguirre, Carlos A., Peter S. Griffith, M. Zuehtue Yuecelik, and Vito Tanzi. Taxation in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, DC: Fiscal Affairs Department, IMF, 1981.79 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Import policy, Financial system, Taxation policy. KEYWORDS: consumption tax; income tax. 409 Ajakaiye, D. Olu. "The short run effects of devaluation on balance of payments: The influence of import structures." The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies 27, no. 1 (March 1985): 1-10. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Trade balance, Trade policy, Monetary exchange, Import policy, Monetary policy. KEYWORDS: devaluation. 410 Akagha, Fidelis S. E. "Economic growth and capital requirements—A macromodel: The African case." African Studies Association Papers 25, no. 3 (November 1982): 1-24. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Human resources development, Resource distribution, Capital accumulation. KEYWORDS: World Bank; capital flow. 411 Akagha, Fidelis S. E. Strategies for Economic Development in Africa: Theory and Policies. New York: Vantage, 1985.149 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic policy, Development theory, Economic management, Development policy. 412 Akinrinade, Olusola, and J. Kurt Barling, eds. Economic Development in Africa: International Efforts, Issues and Prospects. London: Pinter, 1987. 276 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Regional security, Economic development, Technical assistance, Debt crisis. KEYWORDS: ECOWAS; South-South relations; EEC; Lomé conventions. Concerned with the contributions of the international environment to the development process in Africa. Takes into consideration efforts conceived within bilateral, multilateral, and regional frameworks. Highlights the need for greater efforts on the part of the

developed and developing world to improve the current outlook. 413 Alibert, Jacques. La Monnaie et le crédit en Afrique noire. Le Vesinet, France: EDITM, 1982.228 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Commercial banking, Banking policy, Credit policy, Monetary policy, Finance policy, Foreign aid policy. KEYWORDS : CFA monetary area; World Bank; IMF; EEC. 414 Alibert, Jacques. "La Privatisation des entreprises publiques en Afrique noire francophone." Afrique contemporaine 143 (July/September 1987): 35-50. ALSO COVERS: West Africa. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic crisis, Debt financing, Private sector, Privatization. KEYWORDS: Nairobi Declaration 1986. Considers three motivations for privatization in Africa: disillusion caused by the management of public enterprises, measures invoked due to structural adjustment policies, and a better perception of the private sector by African nations. 415 Alibert, Jacques. "La Zone Franc: intélligence et réalisme." Afrique contemporaine 126 (April/June 1983): 3-13. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Monetary policy, Financial system, Regional economics. KEYWORDS: CFA monetary area; UMOA; France-Africa relations. 416 Alibert, Jacques. "Les Echanges compensés et l'Afrique noire francophone: a-t-elle intérêt au troc?" Afrique contemporaine 138 (April/June 1986): 10-19. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic planning, Finance, Foreign trade. KEYWORDS: barter system. Examines the problem of barter trade between Africa and the developed world. 417 Amale, Steve Ayo. "Debt-securitisation in Africa: Prospects and problems." In: The African Debt Crisis, edited by G. O. Olusanya and A. O. Olukoshi. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 1989. 62-80 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Debt crisis, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: IMF. Examines debt-securitization as a component of structural adjustment programs being implemented by African countries; discusses the present character of the international environment within which it is being effected. 418 Amin, Samir. "A critique of the World Bank Report entitled 'Accelerated Development in Sub-Saharan Africa.'" Africa Development/Afrique et développement!, no. 1/2 (1982): 23-30. SUBJECTS: Economic development. KEYWORDS: Berg Report 1981; Lagos Plan of Action 1980; IMF; World Bank. 419 Anderson, Dennis. "Infrastructure pricing policies and the public revenue in African countries." World Development 17, no. 4 (April 1989): 525-542. tables. SUBJECTS: Infrastructure, Public policy, Economic reform, Price policy. Proposes changes in the revenue-collecting policies for users of public infrastructure in Africa. Suggests that cost-reflecting pricing policy would increase government revenue and decrease the burden of public support for infrastructure. 420 Anderson, Dennis. The Public Revenue and Economic Policy in African Countries: An Overview of Issues and Policy Options. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1987. 50 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic policy, Government expenditure, Taxation policy, Price policy, Education system, Health care system, Public sector. Reviews the literature on raising public revenue and financing social programs in Africa. Addresses tax reform, pricing policies, and financing education and health. States that governments do not have the revenue they need to finance social programs. 421 Anson-Meyer, Monique. La Nouvelle comptabilité des nations-

AFRICA/Economics • 29 unies en Afrique. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1982. 421 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Underdevelopment, Economic development, Price policy, A g r i c u l t u r a l p r o d u c t i o n , Industrial p r o d u c t i o n , M o d e l s . KEYWORDS: Keynes, John Maynard. 422 Armstrong, Adrienne. 'The political consequences of economic dependence." The Journal of Conflict Resolution 25, no. 3 (1981): 401-428. SUBJECTS: Economic development, International e c o n o m i c relations, Military aid, Economic dependency. KEYWORDS: balance of power theory. 423 Aschheim, Joseph, Massimo D' Angelo, James Elliot, and Dominick Salvatore. "Macro and sectoral policies for African development." In: African Development Prospects: A Policy Modeling Approach, edited by Dominick Salvatore. New York: Taylor and Francis, 1989.187-231 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Economic development policy, Socioeconomic analysis, Economic growth policy, Monetary policy, Fiscal policy. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980. Attempts an analysis of long-term development prospects for the entire African continent to the twenty-first century. Draws upon past historical trends and the Lagos Plan of Action to examine the range of broad long-term policies at the national and sectorial levels. 424 Asobie, H. A. 'The influence of multinational corporations on the management of public enterprises in Nigeria." Africa Development/Afrique et développement 8, no. 1 (1983): 5-30. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Transnational corporations, Underdevelopment, State-owned enterprise. KEYWORDS: Golden Guinea Breweries. 425 Atsain, Achi. "Modèles de croissance en économie ouverte." CIRES: Cahiers Ivoiriens de recherche économique et sociale 28/29 (March/June 1981): 115-146. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Export policy, Models, Investment policy, Import policy. 426 Austen, Ralph A. African Economic History: Internal Development and External Dependency. London: James Currey, 1987.303 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic integration, Economic analysis, Food production, International economic relations, Historical analysis, Economic history. Discusses the growth of production and exchange systems in Africa and their relationship to more developed economies outside Africa. Demonstrates the continuous expansion of African productive capacities and market integration, from the time of earliest domesticated food production through modem mechanization and electronic communication. 427 Austin, Dennis. "Things fall apart." Orbis 25, no. 4 (Winter 1982): 925-947. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic growth policy, International relations, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: USSR-Africa relations; Council for Mutual Economic Assistance; O AU. 428 Austin, Dennis. 'Things fall apart?" In: Africa in the PostDecolonization Era, edited by Richard E. Bissell and Michael S. Radu. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Books, 1984. 205-227 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic growth policy, International relations, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: OAU, USSR-Africa relations, Council for Mutual Economic Assistance. 429 Ayele, Negussay. "Prolegomena towards an appreciation for the political implications of the Lagos Plan of Action." In: Lagos Plan of Action and Africa's Future Economic Relations: Conference Proceedings, edited by ECA-Dalhousie Conference. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada: ECA-Dalhousie Conference, 1984. 1-25 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Policy analysis, Political development, Economic development, Economic crisis, Development theory. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980.

430 Baaklini, Abdo I. "Emerging patterns of economic relationships: The Middle East and Africa." Journal of African Studies 9, no. 2 (Summer 1982): 58-67. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, International economic system, Economic aid, Oil industry. KEYWORDS: Arab-Africa relations; Arab-Israeli relations. 431 Badibanga, André. "Ombres et lacunes de la planification á l'africaine." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 182/183 (1981): 84-94. ALSO COVERS: Zaire, Algeria. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Development planning, Food scarcity, Economic dependency, Civil service. 432 Baker, Donald G. "Development models and strategies: The problem of human motivation." Journal of Contemporary African Studies 1, no. 2 (April 1982): 211-240. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Decolonization, Economic dependency, Self-determination, Behavioral analysis. KEYWORDS: Nyerere, Julius K.; Nkrumah, Kwame. 433 Baker, Randall. "Linking and sinking: Economic externalities and the persistence of destitution and famine in Africa." In: Drought and Hunger in Africa: Denying Famine a Future, edited by Michael H. Glantz. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1987. 149168 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Famine, Poverty, Agricultural policy, Debt crisis. KEYWORDS: World Bank. Focuses on international debt and how it adversely affects Africa's chances to cope with its agrarian crisis. Calls on the IMF and other assistance agencies to increase the overseas development assistance for African states and to grant them a lengthy period of recovery and rehabilitation. 434 Balassa, Bela. "Structural adjustment policies in developing economies." World Development 10, no. 1 (January 1982): 23-38. SUBJECTS: Import substitution, Public investment, Foreign aid, Financial system, Trade policy, Import policy, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: labor intensive. 435 Balkenhol, Bemd. Technology Policy and Development Financing: Observations on Some Institutional Constraints in Africa. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1981. 24 pp. SUBJECTS: Development financing, Appropriate technology, Finance policy, Technology transfer, Investment policy. 436 Balogun, M. Jide, and Gelase Mutahaba, eds. Economic Restructuring and African Public Administration: Issues, Actions, and Future Choices. West Hartford, Connecticut: Kumarian, 1989.246 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: West Africa, Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Economic crisis, Management, Underdevelopment, Structural adjustment, Public sector, Foreign aid, Drought. KEYWORDS: World Bank; public services; villagization; ZIMCORD (Zimbabwe Conference on Reconstruction and Development 1981). Examines the socioeconomic crisis in Africa through a broadened empirical base. Includes a variety of issues covering policy, management, public service, labor power, and a number of case studies on Ethiopia, Senegal, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, and ECOWAS. 437 Baregu, Mwesiga L. "Reversing the partition of Africa: Imperatives of delinking from the capitalist world economy." African Studies Association Papers 27, no. 8 (October 1984): 1-27. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Indirect rule, Agricultural production, Economic dependency, Population growth, Free market, International economic relations. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980. 438 Barkan, Joel. "Development through self-help: The forgotten alternative." Rural Africana no. 19/20 (Spring/Fall 1984): 115-129. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Price policy, Peasant economy, Agricultural cooperatives, Self-help.

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439 Barker, Jonathan. "Politics and production." In: The Politics of Agriculture in Tropical Africa, edited by Jonathan Barker. Beverly Hills, California: Sage, 1984. 11-31 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Political economy studies, Development theory, Academic research, Economic crisis, Agricultural sector, Peasant economy, State intervention. KEYWORDS: World Bank; Berg Report 1981. 440 Barling, J. Kurt. "Aid and African development." In: Economic Development in Africa, edited by Olusola Akinrinade and J. Kurt Barling. London: Pinter, 1987. 19-51 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Development financing, Economic development, Foreign aid, Resource distribution. Surveys past aid and development efforts. Examines and isolates what can broadly be defined as their successes and limitations, and the responses of those governmental actors (recipients and donors) within the aid system to overcome past limitations as well as establish some prospects for foreign aid in the current agenda-setting environment. 441 Bartlett, Bruce R. "Capitalism in Africa: A survey." The Journal of Developing Areas 24, no. 3 (April 1990): 327-350. SUBJECTS: Capitalism, Political economy studies, Economic development. Summarizes the economic state of affairs and related government policy in thirty-four sub-Saharan nations. States the general tendency of African nations that previously espoused socialism to move toward capitalist policies after the failure of socialist planning. 442 Baskin, Vladimir. "Economic shackling disguised as aid." In: US Economic Expansion: Asia and Africa, edited by the Social Sciences Today Editorial Board. Moscow, USSR: Social Sciences Today Editorial Board, 1986. 51-67 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic aid, Food aid, Capital accumulation, Neocolonialism, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: US-Africa relations. Discusses the use of economic and food aid as a tool of economic imperialism by the industrialized nations. Focuses on the US, maintaining that development aid has been used to incorporate newly independent countries into the world capitalist system in a subservient role. 443 Bates, Robert H. "Capital, kinship and conflict: The structuring influence of capital in kinship societies." Canadian Journal of African Studies!Revue Canadienne des études africaines 24, no. 2 (1990): 151-164. biblio. SUBJECTS: Capitalist development, Marxist analysis, Domestic investment, Family. Claims that capital structures social and productive relations in all societies, including those dominated by the kinship system. Uses African social data to explore the impact of differences in investment opportunities and risk structures in order to explain differences in lineage systems. 444 Becker, Charles M., and Andrew R. Morrison. "The determinants of urban population growth in sub-Saharan Africa." Economic Development and Cultural Change 36, no. 2 (January 1988): 259-278. tables. SUBJECTS: Urbanization, Rural-urban migration, Economic growth rate, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: Harris-Todaro model. Attempts to ascertain if a formal economic model can explain urban population growth behavior in African countries. Examines the empirical performance of a model of a stereotypical African economy that incorporates many of the stylized facts from the development literature, including both rural "push" and "pull" factors. 445 Bender, Gerald J., ed. International Affairs in Africa. Newbury Park, California: Sage, 1987. 204 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, International relations, Foreign policy, Economic relations. KEYWORDS: Maghreb; France-Africa relations; Haile Selassie I; OAU; UNITA. Addresses foreign policies of African states, which revolve around the preservation of their sovereignty, independence, and pres-

tige against perceived internal, regional, and global challenges. States that ideology as an explanation of the international relations of African states has been grossly exaggerated. 446 Bendo-Soupou, Dominique. "L'Orientation de la stratégie de la Banque Africaine de Développement à travers son capital-actions." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 227/228 (1984): 55-99. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Regional economics, Banking policy, Economic integration. KEYWORDS: World Bank; EEC; US-Africa relations; USSR-Africa relations; ADB (African Development Bank). 447 B e n d o - S o u p o u , D o m i n i q u e . "Le F i n a n c e m e n t du développement en Afrique: le cas de la Banque Africaine de Développement (BAD) (première partie)."Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 235/236 (1985): 64-80. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Finance policy, Banking policy, Economic crisis. KEYWORDS: World Bank; ADB (African Development Bank). 448 B e n d o - S o u p o u , D o m i n i q u e . "Le F i n a n c e m e n t du développement en Afrique: le cas de la Banque Africaine de Développement (BAD) (deuxième partie)." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 237/238 (1985): 57-65. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Banking policy, Finance. KEYWORDS: AFDF (African Development Fund); Fonds du Nigeria. 449 Bennoune, Mahfoud. "Développement économique, transfert de technologie et conditions de vie des masses du Tiers-monde." In: Technologie et industrialisation en Afrique/Technology and Industrialization in Africa, edited by F. Yachir. Dakar, Senegal: CODESRIA, 1981. 73-105 pp. SUBJECTS: Debt crisis, Economic development, Industrial development, Technology transfer, Foreign aid, Banking, Development financing. 450 Bentil, Michael A. "Economic crisis, budgetary constraints, and effectiveness of government: A critical review." In: Economic Restructuring and African Public Administration: Issues, Actions, and Future Choices, edited by M. Jide Balogun and Gelase Mutahaba. West Hartford, Connecticut: Kumarian, 1989. 131-145 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Budget policy, Economic crisis, Corruption, Political instability. Examines the budgetary implications of the crisis. Identifies a number of factors influencing the effectiveness of government financial operations, especially corruption, indiscipline, and political instability. 451 Berg, Elliot. "The World Bank's strategy." In: Africa in Economic Crisis, edited by John Ravenhill. London: Macmillan, 1986. 44-59 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, E c o n o m i c crisis, Agricultural policy, Economic system. KEYWORDS: World Bank. Looks at the focal points of the report, "Accelerated Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Agenda for Action." Provides an overall picture of Africa's current economic crisis and discusses the main themes for recovery as recommended by the report. 452 Berg, Robert J., and Jennifer Seymour Whitaker, eds. Strategies for African Development. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, 1986. 603 pp. biblio, other docs. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Agricultural sector, Industrial sector, Human resources development, Structural adjustment, Debt financing, Foreign aid. A collection of papers that perceives a consensus among Western donors and the World Bank that agriculture is central; African governments must change their policies, reduce the state, and privatize; and donors should use their positions to get African governments to change.

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453 Berman, Bruce J. "The concept of articulation and the political economy of colonialism." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue Canadienne des études africaines 18, no. 2 (1984): 407-414. biblio. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Capitalist economy, Marxist analysis, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: modes of production. 454 Bernstein, Henry, and Bonnie Campbell, eds. Contradictions of Accumulation in Africa: Studies in Economy and State. Beverly Hills, California: Sage, 1985. 312 pp. SUBJECTS: Capital accumulation, Decolonization, Socialist development, Economic development, Political development. 455 Berry, Sara. "Macro-policy implications of research on rural households and fanning systems." In: Understanding Africa's Rural Households and Farming Systems, edited by Joyce Lewinger Moock. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1986. 199-215 pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Economic policy, Resource distribution, Economic development, Standard of living. KEYWORDS: social relations. Addresses how detailed studies of rural households and farming systems help elucidate the role of agriculture in economic development. Discusses how such studies clarify the impacts of macropolicies on agricultural production and rural standards of living, and how they explain Africans' increasing inability to feed themselves. 456 Berthelemy, J. C., and C. Morrison. "Manufactured goods supply and cash crops in sub-Saharan Africa." World Development 15, no. 10/11 (October/November 1987): 1353-1367. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Agricultural production, Subsistence economy, Foreign exchange, Industrial policy, Cash crop production. KEYWORDS: traditional industry. Deals with the impact of manufactured goods supply on cash crops expansion. Links agricultural performance and trends of manufactures supply through descriptive analysis of twelve African countries, confirmed by econometric assessment that includes a manufactures supply variable. 457 Bird, Graham. "Financing balance of payments deficits in developing countries: The roles of official and private sectors and the scope for cooperation between them." Third World Quarterly 3, no. 3 (July 1981): 473-488. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Debt financing, Balance of payments, Private sector. KEYWORDS: IMF. 458 Bird, Graham. "Low-income countries and international financial reform." The Journal of Developing Areas 18, no. 1 (October 1983): 53-76. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Balance of payments, Monetary policy, International finance, Economic aid. KEYWORDS: IMF. 459 Blauvelt, Euan, and Jennifer Durlacher, eds. Sources of African and Middle-Eastern Economic Information. 2 vols. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood, 1982. 581 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Economic analysis, Economic development. 460 Bobo, Benjamin F. "Multinational corporations in the economic development of Black Africa." Journal of African Studies 9, no. 1 (Spring 1982): 13-21. SUBJECTS: Taxation policy, Private investment, Raw materials, Neocolonialism, Transnational corporations, Foreign investment, Technology. 461 Bogdanowicz-Bindert, Christine. "Debt: Beyond the quick fix." Third World Quarterly 5, no. 4 (October 1983): 828-838. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Debt financing, International economic system, Economic history, Balance of payments. KEYWORDS: debt rescheduling; Latin America-Africa relations; IMF. 462 Bornschier, Volker. "Dependent industrialization in the world economy: Some comments and results concerning a recent debate."

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The Journal of Conflict Resolution 25, no. 3 (1981): 371-400. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Transnational corporations, Economic inequality, Statistical analysis, Economic growth rate, Economic dependency. 463 Bourgeot, Andre. "Nomadic pastoral society and the market: The penetration of the Sahel by commercial relations." Journal of Asian and African Studies 16, no. 1/2 (January/April 1981): 116-127. SUBJECTS: Drought, Economic analysis, Economic inequality, Development policy. KEYWORDS: Sahel. 464 Bourgoin, Henri. L'Afrique malade du management. Paris: Jean Picollec, 1984.216 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Côte d'Ivoire. SUBJECTS: Business administration, Capitalist economy, Management, Market economy. KEYWORDS: US economic model. 465 Brandt, Hartmut, Wilhelm Hummen, Gudrun Lachenmann, and Uwe Otzen. Poor Countries of Africa: Structural Problems and Development Crisis. Berlin, West Germany : German Development Institute, 1982. 196 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic d e v e l o p m e n t p o l i c y , Structural a d j u s t m e n t , E c o n o m i c aid, Development planning. 466 Brau, Eduard H., Ramgopal Agarwala, Delphin G. Rwegasira, and Reginald Herbold Green. "The demand for external finance." In: African Debt and Financing, edited by Carol Lancaster and John Williamson. Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics, 1986. 11-46 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Debt crisis, Debt financing. KEYWORDS: external finance. A discussion of the factors contributing to Africa's debt crisis from 1975 to 1985. Argues that before 1981 inefficient use of resources caused Africa's debt crisis, but since then lack of resources has been a serious problem. 467 Bressand, Albert. "Nord-sud: cessons d'attendre Godot." Politique étrangère 48, no. 1 (1983): 149-161. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic crisis, Economic dependency. KEYWORDS: GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade). 468 Brown, Robert S. "United States-African economic relations as reflected through the multi-lateral development banks." African Studies Association Papers 25, no. 14 (November 1982): 1-24. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Agrarian reform, Economic policy. KEYWORDS: ADB (African Development Bank); AFDF (African Development Fund); World Bank; Lagos Plan of Action 1980; USAfrica relations. 469 Browne, Robert. "Finance and resource mobilization for the Lagos Plan of Action." In: Lagos Plan of Action and Africa's Future Economic Relations: Conference Proceedings, edited by ECA-Dalhousie Conference. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada: ECA-Dalhousie Conference, 1984. 1-25 pp. SUBJECTS: Development planning, Finance policy, International finance, Development financing, Selfreliance. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980. 470 Browne, Robert S. "Dealing with Africa's massive external debt." Africa Today 32, no. 4 (1985): 3-6. SUBJECTS: International relations, Fiscal policy, Resource distribution, Government economic management, Economic relations, Debt crisis, Debt financing. KEYWORDS: Baker Debt Reduction Plan; Lagos Plan of Action 1980; economic stabilization. 471 Browne, Robert S. "Debt crises: The need for collective African action." TransAfrica Forum 3, no. 3 (Spring 1986): 9-20. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Finance, International finance, International economic system, Balance of payments. KEYWORDS: IMF. Examines IMF policies and their effects on various African

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countries. Urges African countries to make a concerted move to confront their creditor nations. 472 Browne, Robert S. "Stormy skies and fresh winds: Black world development in the 1980s." Trans Africa Forum 1, no. 4 (Spring 1983): 3-8. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Commodity production, Economic dependency. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; AEC (African Economic Community); ADB (African Development Bank); US-Africa relations. 473 Browne, Robert S., and Robert J. Cummings. The Lagos Plan of Action vs. the Berg Report: Contemporary Issues in African Economic Development. Lawrenceville, Virginia: Brunswick, 1984. 216 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Academic research, Economic development, Development theory, Economic policy, Self-reliance, Economic cooperation. KEYWORDS: Berg Report 1981; Lagos Plan of Action 1980; ECA; OAU; ADB (African Development Bank). 474 Callaghy, Thomas M. "Between Scylla and Charybdis: The foreign economic relations of sub-Saharan African states." The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 489 (January 1987): 148-163. SUBJECTS: International economic relations, Government borrowing, Political stability, Structural adjustment, Debt financing. KEYWORDS: IMF; World Bank. Analyzes external economic relations of African states. States that during the past decade their foreign policies have focused increasingly on their severe debt and economic crises. Concludes that these actions have been critical, impinging as they do on the central issues of sovereignty, political order, development, and socioeconomic welfare. 475 Callaghy, Thomas M. "Debt and structural adjustment in Africa: Realities and possibilities." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 16, no. 2 (1988): 11-18. ALSO COVERS: Zambia, Ghana. SUBJECTS: International relations, Debt financing, Government borrowing. KEYWORDS: World Bank; IMF. States that nonproductive use of funds and mismanagement are responsible for Africa's debt crisis. Concludes that debt relief and new resources should be effectively used to encourage economic reforms and to integrate Africa into the world economy. 476 Callaghy, Thomas M. "The state and the development of capitalism in Africa: Theoretical, historical, and comparative reflections." In: The Precarious Balance: State and Society in Africa, edited by Donald Rothchild and Naomi Chazan. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1988. 67-99 pp. SUBJECTS: Capitalism, Nation-state, Political economy studies, Economic crisis. KEYWORDS: Weber, Max. Analyzes the degree to which African economic systems operate under a traditional Western capitalist model. Notes the weakness of capitalist systems in Africa and discusses the impact upon Africans. Suggests that Africa's short-term development potential is poor and long-term plans are the best hope. 477 Camdessus, Michel. "La Facilité d'ajustement structurel du Fonds Monétaire International et l'Afrique." Zaïre-Afrique 224 (April 1988): 225-231. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Economic development, Development financing, Debt crisis. KEYWORDS: IMF. Examines the history and role of structural adjustment programs in Africa. Assesses the part that the IMF has played in developing and implementing structural adjustment policies. Suggests that in spite of its problems, structural adjustment will improve the standard of living for the average African. 478 Campbell, Bonnie K., and John Loxley, eds. Structural Adjustment in Africa. Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan, 1989. 277 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Economic develop-

ment policy, Monetary policy, Crisis management, Economic theory, International economic system. KEYWORDS: IMF; World Bank. Addresses the economic development crisis faced by postindependence African governments. Examines the economic failure of most African countries and their attempt to change the curve of the situation through a structural adjustment policy carried on mainly by such international institutions as IMF and World Bank. 479 Camus, Daniel. Les Finances des multinationales en Afrique. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1983. 434 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic management, Economic development, Finance, Local development. KEYWORDS: financial institution. 480 Carlsson, Jerker, ed. Recession in Africa. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1983. 214 pp. ALSO COVERS: Côte d'Ivoire, Malawi. SUBJECTS: Economic recession, Economic policy, National integration, Government borrowing, State intervention. KEYWORDS: World Bank. 481 Carlsson, Jerker. "The emergence of South-South relations in a changing world economy." In: South-South Relations in a Changing World Order, edited by Jerker Carlsson. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1982. 10-54 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic relations, Economic development, Economic growth rate. KEYWORDS: South-South relations; capital flow. 482 Caselli, Clara. "Aspects of financial evolution in the African countries." Savings and Development 8, no. 3 (1984): 217-242. SUBJECTS: Financial system, Investment policy, Monetary policy, Capital accumulation. KEYWORDS: savings. 483 Chaigneau, Pascal. "Vers un choc bancaire Africain?" L'Afrique et l'Asie modernes 152 (1987): 40-47. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Banking, Debt crisis. KEYWORDS: WorldBank; IMF; Paris Club. Explores the severity of Africa's economic crises and the solutions put forth by the World Bank, the IMF, and the French government. 484 Chaumeton, Jean-Paul. "La Réglementation des changes et la zone f r a n c . " Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 36, no. 2 (April/June 1982): 823-838. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Regional integration, Monetary policy. KEYWORDS: CFA monetary area. 485 Cherkasov, Yu. N. "Specifics of the accumulation process." Africa in Soviet Studies (1982): 114-131. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Capital accumulation, Standard of living, Division of labor, Economic policy, Self-sufficient economy. 486 Cheru, Fantu. "Debt and famine in Africa: The year of living dangerously." Africa and the World 1, no. 1 (October 1987): 1-9. ALSO COVERS: Sudan. SUBJECTS: Debt crisis, Smallholder agriculture, Foreign aid policy, Debt financing, Famine, Structural adjustment, Export economy. KEYWORDS: donor agency; IMF. States that African and Latin American debt threatens the US and the world economy, as well as the potential for economic growth in the Third World. Argues that Africa's export-orientation and importsubstitution industries caused peasant agriculture to decline. Suggests that farmers have withdrawn from the economy. 487 Cheru, Fantu. The Silent Revolution in Africa: Debt, Development, and Democracy. Harare, Zimbabwe: Anvil, 1989. 189 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Debt financing, Economic policy, National development, Democracy, Food production. KEYWORDS: IMF; WorldBank. States that the solutions for Africa's current economic and politi-

AFRICA/Economics • 3 3 cal crisis can be found only within Africa. Criticizes IMF and World Bank solutions as failing to reverse Africa's decline. 488 Chole, Eshetu. 'The African economic crisis." Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review 1, no. 2 (June 1985): 1-17. SUBJECTS: Economic crisis, Food production, Famine, Debt crisis, Balance of payments, Underdevelopment. Considers the interdependence of the factors on which Africa's underdevelopment are based. Addresses the declining per capita output crisis, the food crisis, the debt crisis, the world economy and the balance of payments crisis, as well as the interactions among these factors. 489 Chole, Eshetu. "The African economic crisis: Origins and impact on society." In: Economic Restructuring and African Public Administration: Issues, Actions and Future Choices, edited by M. Jide Balogun and Gelase Mutahaba. West Hartford, Connecticut: Kumarian, 1989. 3-27 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic crisis, Economic dependency, Underdevelopment. Discusses the crisis of production as it relates to the crisis of dependence, concluding that the cost of dependence has been very high. 490 Christensen, Cheryl. "Food security in sub-Saharan Africa." In: Pursuing Food Security: Strategies and Obstacles in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East, edited by W. Ladd Hollist and F. LaMond Tullis. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1987. 67-97 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic reform, Food production, Fiscal policy, Foreign aid, Debt financing. KEYWORDS: food security. Addresses reasons for the possible solutions to Africa's food crisis. Shows that African governments' fiscal, monetary, and pricing policies must change. Discusses whether such policy recommendations are politically possible.

Explores aspects of Africa's development problems as well as approaches suggested by the World Bank and other donors. Features the role of the state in economic development. Centers on the dilemmas facing donors in their relation to African states and on constraints facing African states. 495 Commins, Stephen K. "Facing Africa's development challenges." In: Africa's Development Challenges and the World Bank: Hard Questions, Costly Choices, edited by Stephen K. Commins. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1988. 1-15 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic policy, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: World Bank; IMF. Discusses the rethinking of Africa's economic strategies, outlining factors that contributed to the stagnation or decline of national economies. Looks at the relationship between the World Bank and African development. 496 Copans, Jean. "Du vin de palme nouveau dans de vieilles calebasses? Etat, marchés, paysans, crises et luttes populaires en Afrique." Genève Afrique/Geneva Africa 27, no. 1 (1989): 7-44. tables. SUBJECTS: Peasant economy, Economic development, Literature review, Economic crisis. KEYWORDS: Braudel, F.; Hydén, Góren. Looks at theories that address a new orientation in the analysis of development, the modern African state, market economies, and peasantries in Africa. Claims that theorists have underestimated the role of long secular trends in Africa and promoted confusing views of the market economy and the mechanisms of political representation.

491 Cobbe, James. "Employment and capital utilisation: The time aspect." The Journal of Modern African Studies 19, no. 3 (September 1981): 499-502. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Employment, Capital formation.

497 Coussy, Jean. "L'Avenir de l'Afrique sub-saharienne dans l'économie internationale." Afrique contemporaine 146 (1988): 2137. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Balance of payments, Economic dependency, Debt crisis, Foreign trade, Export policy, Structural adjustment. Examines the problem of deficit spending and debt on subSaharan countries as well as the potential impact of structural adjustment. Discusses effects in the form of tightening competition, upsetting structural adaptations, heightened instability, and increased disparity between the developed and developing countries.

492 Comeliau, Christian. "Développement et ajustement en Afrique: quelles transformations de structures? Observations sur deux rapports récents de la Banque Mondiale et de la Commission Economique pour l'Ainquz." Genève Afrique/Geneva Africa 28, no. 1 (1990): 137-146. tables. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Economic crisis. KEYWORDS: World Bank; ECA. Examines the 1989 World Bank report concerning structural adjustment programs and the ECA report concerning the "African alternative" to structural adjustment. Analyzes the originality and contents of each program.

498 Curry, Robert L. "The public sector's role in Africa's economic reconstruction and development: A review essay." Journal of African Studies 14, no. 4 (1987/1988): 190-198. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Public sector, Taxation policy, Modernization, Privatization. KEYWORDS: OAU. Assesses how the political nature of the OAU has given way to the problem of basic survival among African states. Stresses a greater role for the private sector in African economies. Examines the idea that governments need to pursue sound fiscal policy based upon a sound analytic framework.

493 Commander, Simon, ed. Structural Adjustment and Agriculture: Theory and Practice in Africa and Latin America. London: Overseas Development Institute, 1989. 250 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Agricultural policy, Economic analysis, Nutrition, Political economy studies, Rural poverty, Price policy. Addresses the central issues that determine both theoretically and practically the place of agriculture in the adjustment process. Provides case studies on Ghana, Morocco, Senegal, and Zambia that highlight the localized consequences of adjustment measures. Explores ways in which current inefficiencies in adjustment mechanisms can be explicitly incorporated in design terms and more effectively addressed.

499 Cutler, Robert M. "East-South relations at UNCTAD: Global political economy and the CMEA." International Organization 37, no. 1 (1983): 121-142. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Underdevelopment, International law, Trade policy, Economic policy. KEYWORDS: New International Economic Order; Council for Mutual Economic Assistance; UNCTAD; East-South relations.

494 Commins, Stephen K., ed. Africa's Development Challenges and the World Bank: Hard Questions, Costly Choices. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1988. 243 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania, Zambia. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Political economy studies, Food aid, Economic development, Rural development, Agrarian reform. KEYWORDS: World Bank; donor policy.

500 Danaher, Kevin. "Can the free market solve Africa's food crises?" TransAfrica Forum 4, no. 4 (Summer 1987): 3-15. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Free market, Economic development policy. KEYWORDS: IMF; US AID. Criticizes the free-market approach to analyzing privatization in capitalist countries and concludes that it will not promote equitable development in Africa. 501 Dangeard, Alain-Louis, and André Papon. "Les Perspectives de l'industrie minière de l'Afrique en développement." Afrique contemporaine 131 (July/September 1984): 3-18. tables. SUBJECTS:

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Economic development, Industrial sector, Finance, Economic planning, Mining. 502 Daniel, Philip. "Accelerated development in sub-Saharan Africa: An agenda for structural adjustment lending?" Institute of Development Studies Bulletin 14, no. 1 (1983): 11-17. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Policy analysis, Foreign aid, Finance policy. KEYWORDS: World Bank; IMF; Berg Report 1981. 503 Daniel, Philip. "Structural adjustment and policy dialogue." Institute ofDevelopment Studies Bulletin 17, no. 2 (April 1986): 46-57. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Foreign aid, Policy analysis, Economic policy. KEYWORDS: World Bank; IMF. Asks how policy dialogue—rather than conditionality and leverage—between donors and nations would help foreign aid effectiveness. Considers the policy dialogues of the IMF and the World Bank with Tanzania, Malawi, Mali, and Zambia. 504 David, Wilfred L. "Black world underdevelopment in comparative perspective." TransAfrica Forum 1, no. 3 (Winter 1983): 23-32. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Poverty, Capitalism, Racism, Economic inequality, Underdevelopment. 505 de Blij, Harm J., Esmond Martin, and Ali Memon, eds. African Perspectives: An Exchange of Essays on the Economic Geography of Nine African States. New York: Methuen, 1981.290 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: North Africa. SUBJECTS: Infrastructure, E c o n o m i c analysis, Export e c o n o m y , Economic system. KEYWORDS: economic geography. 506 de Miras, Claude. "De l'accumulation de capital dans le secteur informel." Cahiers des sciences humaines 23, no. 1 (1987): 49-74. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Capital accumulation, Government economic management, Fiscal policy, Informal sector. Evaluates the question of simple and extended reproduction in the sector of small urban activities that are little controlled by the state. Debates whether or not two distinct economic units make up the informal sector. 507 Deger, Saadet. "Human resources, government education expenditure, and the military burden in less developed countries." The Journal of Developing Areas 20, no. 1 (October 1985): 37-48. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Military budget, Education system, Fiscal policy, Human resources development, Resource distribution. 508 Deger, Saadet, and Ron Smith. "Military expenditure and growth in less developed countries." The Journal of Conflict Resolution 27, no. 2 (1983): 335-353. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic growth policy, Military budget, Underdevelopment, Resource distribution. 509 Desai, Meghnad. "Homilies of a Victorian sage: A review article on Peter Bauer." Third World Quarterly 4, no. 2 (April 1982): 291297. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic theory, Foreign aid, Market economy, Nationalism, Economic nationalism. KEYWORDS: Bauer, Peter. 510 Desta, Asayehgn. "Africa's external debt in perspective." Journal of African Studies 15, no. 1/2 (Spring/Summer 1988): 23-32. tables. SUBJECTS: Debt crisis, Statistical analysis, Economic policy. States that Africa's debt crisis is not due to bad lending. Argues that lenders should have regulated their lending better and borrowers should not have misused their funds. Attributes the debt crisis to bad economic management and floating—rather than fixed—interest rates. 511 Destexhe, Alain. "Crise économique et financement de la santé."

Politique africaine no. 28 (December 1987): 53-64. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic crisis, Health care policy, Budget policy, Economic planning. Discusses the impact of Africa's current economic crisis on Africa's health care system. Asserts that the effect has been disastrous and that health care seriously deteriorated during the 1980s. 512 Devarajan, Shantayanan, and Jaime DeMelo. "Evaluating participation in African monetary unions: A statistical analysis of the CFA Zones." World Development 15, no. 4 (April 1987): 483-496. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Banking, Resource distribution, Monetary policy, Employment policy. KEYWORDS: CFA monetary area. Discusses growth rate of CFA-zone countries relative to nonmember countries in 1960-1982. Focuses on thirteen African nations engaged in two monetary unions with France. Concludes that CFA countries grew significantly faster than other sub-Saharan African countries but significantly slower than other developing countries. 513 Dia, Amadou Lamine. "Reflexion sur la fonction objectifs de l'entreprise." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 13, no. 1 (1988): 87-106. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Capital accumulation, Fiscal policy. Examines economic objectives of businesses in Africa, including profit making, growth, business flexibility, and autonomy. Looks at social objectives such as salary increases, better working conditions, and external inputs from public authorities, banks, and consumers. 514 Diagne, Abdoulaye. "Firmes transnationales, institutions financières et la crise économique et sociale de l'Afrique." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 10, no. 3 (1985): 13-41. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Transnational corporations, Economic crisis, Agricultural development. 515 Diaku, I. "African Development Bank/African Development Fund: Problems and prospects." In: The Future of Regionalism in Africa, edited by Ralph I. Onwuka and Amadu Sesay. London: Macmillan, 1985. 36-57 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic aid, Regional integration, B a n k i n g policy, B a n k i n g , D e v e l o p m e n t f i n a n c i n g . KEYWORDS: ADB (African Development Bank); AFDF (African Development Fund). 516 Diejomaoh, Vremudia P. "The crisis of African development and the Lagos Plan of Action." In: The Crisis and Challenge of African Development, edited by Harvey Glickman. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood, 1988.44-61 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Capital formation, Finance, Investment policy, Foreign capital, Foreign investment. KEYWORDS: World Bank; ADB (African Development Bank); ECA; Lagos Plan of Action 1980. Examines the dimensions of the development crisis in Africa, showing the extent to which foreign investments have dominated the pattern and level of capital formation in African countries. 517 D i o u f , M a k h t a r . Intégration économique: perspectives africaines. Paris: Publisud, 1984. 281 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic integration, Capitalist economy, Socialist economy, Industrial development, Economic theory, Banking policy. KEYWORDS: ECOWAS ; East African Common Market; EEC; PTA (preferential trade area); UDEAC (Union Douanière et Economique d'Afrique Centrale). 518 Diouf, Makhtar. "Les Fondements théoriques des politiques d'ajustement du FMI dans les pays sous-développés." Africa Development/Afrique et développement 10, no. 1/2 (1985): 36-50. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Balance of payments, Underdevelopment, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: IMF. 519 Dixon, William J., and Bruce E. Moon. "Military burden and

AFRICA/Economics • 3 5 basic human needs." The Journal of Conflict Resolution 30, no. 4 (1986): 660-684. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Military government, Military budget, Political economy studies, Basic needs, Socioeconomic analysis. KEYWORDS: civil-military relations. Examines ways in which military factors influence the provision of basic human needs once the effects of aggregated social wealth and certain political aspects of the state are removed. Emphasizes the impact of military regimes in the Third World. 520 Donant, Françoise. Evolution de la fiscalité dans 13 pays d'Afrique noire francophone: incidence de la fiscalité sur le développement. Paris: République Française, Ministère des Relations Extérieures, 1982. 284 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: West Africa, Central Africa. SUBJECTS: Financial system, Taxation policy, Budget policy, Fiscal policy, Economic integration, Import policy, Export policy. KEYWORDS: UEAC (Union des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale); CEAO; revenue policy. 521 Duprat, Jean-Pierre. "L'Activité des cours et chambres des comptes africaines." In: Les Cours suprêmes en Afrique: II, La Jurisprudence: droit constitutionnel, droit social, droit international, droit financier, edited by Gérard Conac. Paris: Economica, 1988. 175-204 pp. SUBJECTS: Finance policy, Budget policy, Legal system, Government economic management, Law. Looks at the African practice of budgetary management in such countries as Côte d'Ivoire, Tunisia, Senegal, and Togo. Analyzes state judicial courts or organs established to regulate budgetary policy.

527 Efange, P. M., and M. Jide Balogun. "Economic crisis, organization, and structure of government for recovery and development: A comparative review of experiences and new perspectives." In: Economic Restructuring and African Public Administration: Issues, Actions and Future Choices, edited by M. Jide Balogun and Gelase Mutahaba. West Hartford, Connecticut: Kumarian, 1989. 51-65 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic crisis, Public administration, Structural adjustment. Examines the responses by African public services to the challenge of economic recovery and development. Looks at the future of African public administration, with specific reference to the ongoing crisis and the reform of governmental institutions. 528 Egbeto, Kofi Idao, and André Bender. "La Limitation des risques dans la pratique des crédits traditionnels en Afrique noire: quelques réflexions sur la base de l'expérience Togolaise." Genève AfriquelGeneva Africa 26, no. 2 (1988): 29-46. tables. ALSO COVERS: Togo. SUBJECTS: Credit policy, Colonialism, Traditional society, Finance policy. KEYWORDS: So-Dzodzo association. States that formal credit policies are too limited, especially toward the rural sector. Examines the potential of traditional credit policies in Togo as alternatives to the banking sector. Suggests that even though these traditional alternatives have limited cash and supplies, they can play a significant role.

522 Ebinger, Charles K., and James Hayes. "Africa and the energy crisis: Where do we go from here?" African Studies Association Papers 25, no. 28 (November 1982): 1-23. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Mining, Agricultural production, Oil industry, Private investment, Foreign investment. KEYWORDS: firewood; deforestation.

529 Elliott, Charles. "Structural adjustment in the longer run: Some uncomfortable questions." In: Africa's Development Challenges and the World Bank: Hard Questions, Costly Choices, edited by Stephen K. Commins. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1988. 215-233 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Balance of payments. KEYWORDS: World Bank; IMF. Highlights the complex dynamics that have shaped African state policies and that must be better understood in the planning of policy reforms. Warns that there are no quick or easy fixes to Africa's economic dilemmas.

523 ECA. Analysis of the Impact of Exchange Rate Fluctuations of the Major Currencies of the World on African Economies. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: ECA, 1986. 23 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Statistical analysis, Monetary exchange, Financial system, Monetary policy. Attempts to identify and analyze the effects of fluctuations in the exchange rates of the major world currencies on African economies. Seeks ways to minimize the negative effects. Analyzes past exchange rate fluctuations and their causes.

530 Else, John F., Zebbediah M Gamonya, and Kwanele O. Jorira. "Economic development in the African context: Opportunities and constraints." Journal of Social Development in Africa 1, no. 2 (1986): 75-87. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Colonialism, Debt crisis, Appropriate technology. KEYWORDS: New International Economic Order. Assesses the role of economic issues in social development in Africa. Asserts that while economics is not the sole factor of development, it does play an important role.

524 ECA-Dalhousie Conference, ed. Lagos Plan of Action and Africa's Future Economic Relations: Conference Proceedings. Vol. 1 of 2. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada: ECA-Dalhousie Conference, 1984. 695 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic relations, Economic policy, Economic development, Economic integration, Self-reliance. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; ECA.

531 Engberg, Holger L. "The International Monetary Fund, conditionality, and sub-Saharan Africa." African Studies Association Papers 26, no. 50 (December 1983): 1-22. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic development, Territorial sovereignty, Balance of payments, Foreign exchange, Monetary policy. KEYWORDS: devaluation; IMF.

525 Edokpayi, S. I. "Administrative and managerial implications." In: Indigenization of African Economies, edited by Adebayo Adedeji. London: Hutchinson, 1981. 353-380 pp. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria, Côte d'Ivoire. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Indigenization, Colonialism, Economic policy. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Enterprise Promotion Decree 1977; Nigerian Enterprise Promotion Decree No. 4, 1972.

532 Engelhard, Philippe, and Taoufick Ben Abdallah. "The African debt, Third World debt and world economic growth." African Environment 25/28 (1990): 309-334. tables. SUBJECTS: Debt crisis, Economic growth rate. Considers the dimensions of Africa's debt and reasons for its growth. Asks whether Africa will be able to repay its debts and at what cost. Explores solutions such as the Baker Plan and proposes a more realistic strategy yet expresses pessimism at the likelihood that any strategy will be adequate.

526 Edozien, E. C., and E. Osagie. "Economic integration in less developed countries: Theoretical considerations." In: Economic Integration of West Africa, edited by E. C. Edozien and E. Osagie. Ibadan, Nigeria: Ibadan University Press, 1982.1-15 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic integration, Economic analysis, Trade relations, Economic system. KEYWORDS: customs union; EEC; ECOWAS.

533 Ezeani, Eboh C. "An appraisal of the African debt burden." Africa and the World 1, no. 2 (January 1988): 24-34. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Debt crisis, Hunger, Foreign aid policy, Poverty, Economic crisis. KEYWORDS: IMF; Baker Debt Reduction Plan.

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States that the debt burden is becoming too great in African nations and that the IMF policy of structural adjustment is not helping the situation. Concludes that policies such as the Baker Plan and the 1982 world debt strategy are merely drawing out the problem rather than diffusing it. 534 Fearon, James D. "International financial institutions and economic policy reform in sub-Saharan Africa." The Journal of Modern African Studies 26, no. 1 (March 1988): 113-137. ALSO COVERS: Sierra Leone. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Industrial development, Agrarian reform, Balance of payments, Economic development policy. KEYWORDS: World Bank; IMF; Paris Club; market-oriented reforms. Offers an interpretation of international financial institutions policy and their new role in Africa, drawing implications for theories about African states and governance. Argues that even in worst-case countries, those in command of government have an interest in preventing complete disintegration of the modern economy and state. 535 Foaland, J. "Economic management in developed countries." In: Management for Development: Priority Themes in Africa Today, edited by P. Ndegwa, L. P. Mureithi and R. H. Green. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1987.160-167 pp. SUBJECTS: Government economic management, Economic policy, International economic system, Transnational corporations. KEYWORDS: OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). Reviews the development of government economic management in OECD countries since the early 1960s, while noting increases in the importance and share of national resources allocated to public expenditures. 536 Fontaine, Jean-Marc. "Evolving economic policies and disinvolving states: Notes in an African context." Institute of Development Studies Bulletin 18, no. 4 (October 1987): 17-22. ALSO COVERS: Burkina Faso, Cote d'lvoire. SUBJECTS: Economic policy, State power, Public investment. KEYWORDS: disinvolvement. Asks to what point state disinvolvement is justified by Africa's economic situation. Links state disinvolvement to recent economic evolution. Defines disinvolvement in the Burkina Faso and Cote d'lvoire contexts. Characterizes disinvolvement as the articulation between African states and the global economy. 537 Founou-Tchuigoua, Bernard. "Crise et recul du nationalisme économique d'état collectif en Afrique." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 13, no. 1 (1988): 51-70. SUBJECTS: Development theory, Market system, Self-sufficient economy, Marxist analysis, D e m o c r a c y , Structural adjustment, Economic nationalism. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; PPREA (Programme Prioritaire de Redressement Economique de 1'Afrique); World Bank; Berg Report 1981; OAU. Examines OAU policy, including its rejection of the Berg Report and then its shift in 1986 to a policy more supportive of World Bank and IMF positions favoring structural adjustment. Discusses the ideals of self-sufficiency and self-centered development. Argues that antiMarxist approaches are harmful to development. 538 Fransman, Martin, ed. Industry and Accumulation in Africa. London: Heinemann, 1982. 438 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Capital accumulation, Industrial development, State politics, Class formation, Agrarian economy, Private sector, Investment policy. 539 Fransman, Martin. "Introduction: Industry and Accumulation in Africa." In: Industry and Accumulation in Africa, edited by Martin Fransman. London: Heinemann, 1982. 1-21 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Capital accumulation, Economic policy, Industrial policy, Industrial development. KEYWORDS: small-scale industry.

540 Fransman, Martin. The Capital Goods Industry in Sub-Saharan Africa: Present Situation and Prospects. Edinburgh, Scotland: Centre of African Studies, Edinburgh University, 1985. 82 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Zimbabwe. SUBJECTS: Industrial development, Economic analysis, Capitalism, Formal sector, Investment policy, Export policy, Trade relations. 541 Freud, Claude. Quelle coopération? Un bilan de l'aide au développement. Paris: Karthala, 1988. 270 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Agricultural production, Industrial production, International cooperation, Economic aid, Economic development. Looks at development aid programs from the general standpoint of project evaluation. Demonstrates that the current economic crisis in Africa is also a crisis of cooperation. Explains why traditional development models are no longer viable and calls for policy changes on the part of Africans to deal with the new challenges. 542 Freund, Bill. ' T h e modes of production debate in African studies." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 19, no. 1 (1985): 23-29. SUBJECTS: Political economy studies, Research methodology, Marxist analysis, Development theory, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: modes of production. 543 Freund, Bill. "The modes of production debate in African studies." In: Mode of Production: The Challenge of Africa, edited by B. Jewsiewicki and J. Letourneau. Ste-Foy, Quebec, Canada: Safi, 1985. 23-29 pp. SUBJECTS: Academic research, Development theory, Economic theory, Agricultural production, Marxist analysis, Economic system. KEYWORDS: modes of production. 544 Froehlich, Willy, and Charles Good, trans. The African Market System. Vancouver, British Columbia: Tantalust Research, 1982.117 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Market system, Trade relations, Agricultural marketing, Market economy. KEYWORDS: marketplace. 545 Gagey, Frédéric, ed. Comprendre l'économie africaine. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1985. 566 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Foreign trade, Agricultural production, Industrial production, Budget policy, Monetary policy. 546 Galbis, Vicente. "Monetary and related policies in mini-states." Savings and Development 8, no. 3 (1984): 291-350. tables. ALSO COVERS: Cape Verde, Comoros. SUBJECTS: Monetary policy, Economic growth rate. KEYWORDS: exchange rate; littoral states. 547 Gallissot, René, ed. Structures et cultures précapitalistes: actes du colloque tenu à l'université Paris VIII. Paris: Anthropos, 1981.509 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Class analysis, Traditional society, Traditional political system, Economic development, Capitalist development. KEYWORDS: precapitalist society. 548 Gamble, Paul. Tourism and Development in Africa. London: John Murray, 1989. 58 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: National development, Regional development, Economic development, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: tourism; spatial analysis. Explores the economic and social reasons for travel to Africa and why African governments are trying to attract international tourists. Focuses on the experiences of five African countries with developed tourist industries, assessing their economic, social, and spatial impact. 549 Gautron, Jean-Claude. "La Convention de Lomé III." Année africaine (1986): 137-162. SUBJECTS: Economic development, International economic relations, Self-sufficient economy, Private investment, Food production, Regional cooperation. KEYWORDS: Lomé Convention 1984; STABEX (stabilization of export earnings from commodities).

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Examines the third Lomé Convention, signed in December 1984 after fourteen months of negotiation during a period of economic crisis and rising debt. Stresses the convention's approach to private investment, financial and technical cooperation, and its strategy for commodity exchange. 550 Gazzo, Yves. "Le Devenir des banques Arabes: l'impact des turbulences économiques, des influences extérieures et de l'Islam." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 25 (1988): 501-529. tables. SUBJECTS: Banking, Banking policy, Islamic society, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: Islamic banks. States that with the emergence of oil money, Islamic banks have begun to play an increasingly important role in the development process. Addresses the organization of the Islamic bank and its place in the Arab world. 551 Geschiere, Peter. "Applications of the lineage mode of production in African studies." In: Mode of Production : The Challenge of Africa, edited by B. Jewsiewicki and J. Letourneau. Ste-Foy, Quebec, Canada: Safi, 1985.80-90 pp. SUBJECTS: Academic research, Political economy studies, Economic analysis, Agricultural production, Development theory. KEYWORDS: modes of production. 552 Ghai, Y. "State and the market in the management of public enterprises in Africa: Reductionist ideology and false comparisons." In: Management for Development: Priority Themes in Africa Today, edited by P. Ndegwa, L. P. Mureithi, and R. H. Green. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1987. 72-89 pp. SUBJECTS: Government analysis, Market system, Intervention policy, State-owned enterprise, Management. KEYWORDS: World Development Report 1983. Focuses on the role of public enterprises in the management of national development. Reviews the reasons public enterprises have been established and the problems of improving managerial performance at the enterprise level. 553 Gibbon, Peter, and Michael Neocosmos. "Some problems in the political economy of 'African socialism.'" In: Contradictions of Accumulation in Africa: Studies in Economy and State, edited by Henry Bernstein and Bonnie Campbell. Beverly Hills, California: Sage, 1985. 153-206 pp. SUBJECTS: Political development, Political economy studies, Socialist development. KEYWORDS: African socialism. 554 Glickman, Harvey. "Accepting the challenge of the crisis of development in Africa: Conclusions and implications." In: The Crisis and Challenge of African Development, edited by Harvey Glickman. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood, 1988. 229-239 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic reform, Development theory, Economic policy, Crisis management, International politics. Sums up various views on the African crisis. Suggests that because the economic crisis has political undertones, economic development requires political power. Calls for alternative strategies, agricultural reform, production expansion, privatization, and program aid. 555 Godfrey, Martin. "Export orientation and structural adjustment in sub-Saharan Africa "Institute of Development Studies Bulletin 14, no. 1 (1983): 39-49. tables. ALSO COVERS: Kenya. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Export economy, Agricultural policy, Manufacturing sector, Economic policy. KEYWORDS: fallacy of composition; Berg Report 1981.

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critics: The case of sub-Saharan Africa." Rural Africana no. 19/20 (Spring/Fall 1984): 3-33. SUBJECTS: Economic development, E c o n o m i c aid, F o r e i g n aid policy, Structural a d j u s t m e n t . KEYWORDS: Berg Report 1981; World Bank; Berg, Elliot J. 558 Gould, David J. "Popular participation in African development planning and management." In: Public Participation in Development Planning and Management: Cases from Africa and Asia, edited by Jean-Claude Garcia-Zamor. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1985. 3550 pp. SUBJECTS: Development planning, Management, Capitalist development, Socialist development. 559 Gray, Clive. "On measuring the shadow price of uncommitted fiscal resources in Africa." World Development 17, no. 2 (February 1989): 213-221. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Budget policy. Analyzes the issue of the underevaluation of the opportunity cost of uncommitted fiscal resources. States that these underevaluations cause the eventual collapse of development projects when the required money for operation and maintenance does not materialize. 560 Green, R. H. "Budget management as economic management: Some key concerns." In: Management for Development: Priority Themes in Africa Today, edited by P. Ndegwa, L. P. Mureithi, and R. H. Green. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1987. 42-59 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Budget policy, Management, Taxation policy, Government economic management. Names the budget and the budgetary process as the strongest economic management instruments available to African states. Points to efficiency in both revenue collection and expenditure as an important managerial function. 561 Green, Reginald. "IMF stabilisation and structural adjustment in sub-Saharan Africa: Are they technically compatible?" Institute of Development Studies Bulletin 16, no. 3 (July 1985): 61-68. ALSO COVERS: Botswana. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: IMF. 562 Green, Reginald Herbold, and Stephany Griffith-Jones. "External debt: Sub-Saharan Africa's emerging iceberg." In: Crisis and Recovery in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Tore Rose. Paris: OECD, 1985. 211-230 pp. SUBJECTS: Debt crisis, Debt financing. 563 Green, Reginald Herbold, and Michael Faber. "Sub-Saharan Africa: Is it to be further economic deterioration or rehabilitation?" In: Africa in the 1990s and Beyond: U.S. Policy Opportunities and Choices, edited by Robert I. Rotberg. Algonac, Michigan: Reference Publications, 1988. 28-72 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Ghana. SUBJECTS: Economic recovery, Economic crisis, Structural adjustment, Government analysis, Policy analysis, Agricultural production, Price policy. KEYWORDS: Africa's Priority Program for Economic Rehabilitation and Development 1986; disaster relief; US-Africa relations. Analyzes the factors that have led to economic crisis in Africa. Questions conventional wisdom on solving this crisis; discusses structural adjustment, government policy, agriculture, pricing, imports, and aid funding. Makes recommendations for US foreign policy.

556 Goma, Pierre. "La Fiscalité locale africaine: quelle causalité?" Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 225/226 (1984): 55-78. SUBJECTS: Fiscal policy, Selfsufficient economy, Banking. KEYWORDS: OAU; local financing; revenue policy.

564 Green, Reginald Herbold. The IMF and Stabilisation in SubSaharan Africa: A Critical Review. Brighton, UK: IDS, 1986. 70 pp. A L S O C O V E R S : Tanzania, Ghana. SUBJECTS: Economic a n a l y s i s , Monetary policy. K E Y W O R D S : I M F ; e c o n o m i c stabilization. Reviews several aspects of IMF involvement in Africa, utilizing Tanzania and Ghana as examples. Concludes that criticisms directed at the inappropriateness of the IMF's basic model are valid.

557 Gordon, David, and Joan Parker. 'The World Bank and its

565 Grellet, Gérard. Les Structures économiques de l'Afrique noire.

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Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1982. 179 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Mining, Economic development, Demographic analysis, Agricultural development, Industrial development, Market economy, Capital accumulation. 566 Gromyko, Anatoli. "Economic factors in US African policy." In: US Economic Expansion: Asia and Africa, edited by the Social Sciences Today Editorial Board. Moscow, USSR: Social Sciences Today Editorial Board, 1986. 10-20 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic policy, Foreign policy, Economic aid, Natural resource management, Strategic policy. KEYWORDS: strategic minerals. Examines some of the economic factors behind US foreign policy objectives. Links strategic minerals, natural resources, and capitalist economies with the willingness of the US to give economic and military assistance.

East Africa, Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Economic crisis, Economic policy, Economic reform. KEYWORDS: World Bank; Official Development Assistance. Assesses the magnitude and scope of economic decline in Africa. Specifies the main causes of this predicament and discusses initial policy responses to the crisis, as well as the policy process. 574 Gulhati, Ravi. "Who makes economic policy in Africa and how?" World Development 18, no. 8 (August 1990): 1147-1161. SUBJECTS: Authoritarian government, Economic policy, Economic crisis. Discusses authoritarian African governments' overwhelming desire to survive as a causal factor in the inadequate response to the economic crisis of the 1980s. States that positive change occurred only under overwhelming pressure and even then at an unacceptably slow pace.

567 Gruhn, Isebill V. "The Economic Commission for Africa." In: African Regional Organizations, edited by Domenico Mazzeo. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1984.27-48 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Regional economics, Economic development, International economic relations, Economic policy. KEYWORDS: New International Economic Order; ECA; Adedeji, Adebayo; Gardiner, Robert.

575 Gutkind, Peter C. W., and Immanuel Wallerstein, eds. The Political Economy of Contemporary Africa. 2nd ed. Beverly Hills, California: Sage, 1985. 344 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa, Nigeria. SUBJECTS: International relations, Peasant economy, Rural development, Economic analysis, Political economy studies, Class formation, Economic system.

568 Gruhn, Isebill V. "The recolonization of Africa: International organizations on the march." Africa Today 30, no. 4 (1983): 37-48. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria, Senegal. SUBJECTS: International relations, Monetary policy, Credit policy, Fiscal policy, Debt crisis, Neocolonialism. KEYWORDS: intergovernmental organizations; IMF.

576 Hamalengwa, Munyonzwe. The Political Economy of Human Rights in Africa: A Framework of Analysis. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: African Human Rights Research Association, 1983. 11 pp. SUBJECTS: Political economy studies, Legal system, Human rights, Capitalist development. KEYWORDS: African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 1983.

569 Gueneau, Marie-Christine. Afrique: les petits projets de développement sont-ils efficaces? Paris: L'Harmattan, 1986. 230 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Economic development, Finance policy, Fishing industry, Nongovernmental organization. KEYWORDS: animal traction. Looks at the roles of nongovernmental organizations in Africa. Supports small-scale projects designed to reduce operation costs and less capitalistic project models. Proposes characteristics and qualities of small-scale development projects.

577 Hamilton, Andoh Issac. "Les Moyens de fonctionnement des organisations interétatiques africaines." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d"Afrique 91, no. 774 (October/December 1981): 23-43. SUBJECTS: Budget policy, Regional integration, Labor policy, Financial system, Economic integration. KEYWORDS: CEAO.

570 Guillaumont, Patrick. "External factors and economic policy in sub-Saharan Africa." In: Crisis and Recovery in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Tore Rose. Paris: OECD, 1985. 37-47 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic policy, Export policy, Economic relations. 571 Guillaumont, Patrick, Sylviane Guillaumont, and Patrick Plane. "Participating in African monetary unions: An alternative evaluation." World Development 16, no. 5 (May 1988): 569-576. tables. SUBJECTS: Monetary policy, Economic policy, National planning policy, Foreign exchange, Development theory. KEYWORDS: exchange rate; CFA monetary area. Addresses the development strategies and performances of twelve CFA-zone African countries. Considers growth rates measured as a residual of a regression on exogenous factors. Attributes the success of these countries to the influence of the CFA foreign exchange regime of the zone and its impact on economic policy. 572 Guillaumont, Patrick, and Sylviane Guillaumont. Zone franc et développement africain. Paris: Economica, 1984. 337 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: West Africa. SUBJECTS: Foreign investment, Monetary policy, Economic interdependence. KEYWORDS: Francophone Africa; UMOA; exchange rate; CFA monetary area. 573 Gulhati, Ravi, and Satya Yalamanchili. "Contemporary policy responses to economic decline in Africa." In: The Crisis and Challenge of African Development, edited by Harvey Glickman. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood, 1988. 86-116 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS:

578 Handwerker, W. Penn. "African marketing institutions and rural development policy." African Urban Studies 10 (Spring 1981): 5-20. tables. ALSO COVERS: Liberia. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Marketing, Market system, Rural development. KEYWORDS: producer-consumer. 579 Hardy, Chandra S. "Africa's debt: Structural adjustment with stability." In: Strategies for African Development, edited by Robert J. Berg and Jennifer Seymour Whitaker. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1986.453-475 pp. SUBJECTS: Structural a d j u s t m e n t , Debt f i n a n c i n g , G o v e r n m e n t borrowing. KEYWORDS: debt rescheduling; IMF. States that debt-service payments in Africa now account for 50 to 60 percent of export earnings. Argues that despite rescheduling, Africa's debt burden has increased rather than eased, suggesting that the problem is one of deep-rooted poverty and insolvency rather than temporary liquidity. Reviews the role of the IMF. 580 Hartman, John, and Pamela B. Walters. "Dependence, military assistance and development." Politics and Society 14, no. 4 (1985): 431-458. tables. ALSO COVERS: Ethiopia. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Military aid, Economic dependency, Land reform, Underdevelopment. 581 Harvey, Charles. "Non-marginal price changes: Conditions for the success of floating exchange rate systems in sub-Saharan Africa." Institute of Development Studies Bulletin 19, no. 1 (January 1988): 67-74. tables. SUBJECTS: Monetary policy, Foreign exchange, Inflation, Structural adjustment, Income distribution. KEYWORDS: devaluation; exchange rate. Asks whether the monetary policy of devaluation has had the

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expected effects on the recovery of exports, reduction in deficits, and control of inflation. Argues that they have worsened inflation and income distribution. 582 Havnevik, Kjell J., ed. The IMF and the World Bank in Africa: Conditionality, Impact, and Alternatives. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1987. 177 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic policy, Structural adjustment, Economic dependency, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: loan conditionality; IMF; World Bank. Presents various case studies in order to trace the impact of IMF/World Bank analyses and conditionality. Investigates the impact of IMF/World Bank policies on the development and debt policies of Western countries. Suggests alternative conditionality. 583 Hazoumé, Alain T., and Edgard G. Hazoumé. Afrique, un avenir en sursis. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1988. 214 pp. SUBJECTS: Political development, Economic development, Underdevelopment, Policy analysis, Sociological analysis, Economic reform. KEYWORDS: OAU. Explores the strengths and weaknesses of African society. Details the mechanisms of a necessary but painstaking economic therapy to escape from present impoverished conditions. Describes the enthusiasm at independence, subsequent degradation of the economy, and current stagnation. 584 Helleiner, G. K. "Economic crisis in sub-Saharan Africa: The international dimension." International Journal 41, no. 4 (Autumn 1986): 748-767. SUBJECTS: Economic crisis, Import policy, International economic relations, Economic relations. KEYWORDS: IMF; World Bank; IFAD (International Fund for Agricultural Development) ; OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development); Paris Club. Attributes African economic problems to resource constraints, domestic mismanagement, foreign exchange shortfalls, import strangulation, and severe external shocks. Claims that the crisis has exacerbated drought and famine conditions. Describes an institutional desertification. 585 Helleiner, G. K. "The IMF and Africa in the 1980s." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 8, no. 3 (1983): 43-61. tables. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Foreign aid, Development planning, Export policy, Balance of payments, Credit policy, Debt financing. KEYWORDS: IMF; World Bank; Berg Report 1981, loan conditionality. 586 Helleiner, G. K. "The IMF and Africa in the 1980s." African Studies Association Papers 25, no. 40 (November 1982): 1-28. tables. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Foreign aid, Export policy, Balance of payments, Credit policy, Development planning, Debt financing. KEYWORDS: IMF; World Bank; Berg Report 1981, loan conditionality. 587 Helleiner, G. K. "The IMF and Africa in the 1980s." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 17, no. 1 (1983): 17-33. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Foreign aid, Debt financing, Balance of payments, Export policy, Credit policy, Development planning. KEYWORDS: World Bank; loan conditionality; IMF, Berg Report 1981. 588 Helleiner, G. K. The IMF and Africa in the 1980s. Princeton, New Jersey: International Finance Section, Princeton University, 1983. 24 pp. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Foreign aid, Development planning, Balance of payments, Export policy, Credit policy, Debt financing. KEYWORDS: IMF; loan conditionality; World Bank, Berg Report 1981. 589 Helleiner, Gerald, ed. Africa and the International

Monetary

Fund. Washington, DC: IMF, 1986.277 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Malawi, Rwanda. SUBJECTS: Monetary exchange, Foreign exchange, Debt financing, Structural adjustment, Economic development policy, Economic aid, Economic policy. KEYWORDS: IMF. Proceedings of a symposium held in Nairobi, Kenya, on Africa and the IMF. Provides an overview of the economic realities facing Africa today and of the policies that would most appropriately address those realities. 590 Helleiner, Gerald K„ Charles Dallara, Elliot Berg, and Alwyn Beresford Taylor. "The question of conditionality." In: African Debt and Financing, edited by Carol Lancaster and John Williamson. Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics, 1986.63-105 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Monetary policy, Debt crisis, Policy analysis, Debt financing. KEYWORDS: loan conditionality; IMF; World Bank. Reviews short-term IMF approaches to Africa's problems and opinions on medium-term adjustment programs. Questions whether external conditionality helps Africa. Addresses the role of the IMF and the World Bank, as well as Africa's resource options. Offers a critique of the views expressed by Helleiner. 591 Helmboldt, Niles E., Tina West, and Benjamin H. Hardy. "Private investment and African economic policy." In: Strategies for African Development, edited by Robert J. Berg and Jennifer Seymour Whitaker. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, 1986. 331-357 pp. SUBJECTS: Private investment, Foreign investment, Economic policy, Smallholder agriculture, Foreign exchange. KEYWORDS: US-Africa relations. States that African governments' policies are primarily responsible for self-sustained economic development in Africa. Recommends practical steps to increase the benefits and diminish the ills of economic reform efforts. 592 Hirsch, Robert. "Ajustement structurel et politiques alimentaires en Afrique subsaharienne." Politique africaine no. 37 (March 1990): 17-31. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Food policy, Import policy, Economic policy. KEYWORDS: IMF. Looks at the effects of structural adjustment programs on food policies in Africa. Examines the meaning, in Africa, of "food policy" import policy, comparative advantage dictates, and price liberalization and assesses their effects on food access. 593 Hodd, Michael. "Africa: The IMF and the World Bank." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 86, no. 344 (July 1987): 331-342. tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign aid, Debt crisis, Credit policy. KEYWORDS: IMF; World Bank. Assesses the manner in which the World Bank and the IMF allocate money to Third World nations. Traces the history of the World Bank and the IMF and evaluates their relationship with African nations. 594 H o d d , Michael. African Economic Handbook. London: Euromonitor, 1986. 335 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Statistical analysis, Industrial development, Economic analysis. Considers the economic structure and performance of the fortyseven sub-Saharan nations since the mid-1970s and their prospects up to the mid-1990s. Compares Africa as a continent to the world at large. Examines their various income, political, and economic trends. 595 Hollist, W. Ladd, and F. LaMond Tullis, eds. Pursuing Food Security: Strategies and Obstacles in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1987. 369 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Fiscal policy, International economic relations, Food p r o d u c t i o n , Food scarcity, E c o n o m i c r e f o r m . KEYWORDS: terms of trade. Explores the arguments that the relationship of developing countries to the international economy severely strains their capacity

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to feed their poor and that the international economy has opened opportunities for them. 596 Hoogvelt, Ankie. "Debt and indebtedness: The dynamics of Third World poverty." Review of African Political Economy 47 (Spring 1990): 117-127. SUBJECTS: Debt crisis, Poverty, International economic system, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: deregulation. Argues that the international economic system uses Third World debt flows to manage the periphery and extract surplus from it. Criticizes "roundtripping," by which developed nations impoverish and then buy out Third World nations through debt. 597 Hoskins, Linus A. ' T h e dynamics of Third World 'basic needs' development strategy." TransAfricaForum5, no. 4 (Fall 1987): 57-69. SUBJECTS: Basic needs, Economic development policy, Models, Self-sufficient economy, Self-reliance, Economic growth policy. Argues that by adopting a basic human needs approach, Third World countries can extricate themselves from dependency into the path of self-sustained development. 598 Hugon, P. "Le Système financier mondial et l'endettement des états africains." In: Comprendre l'économie africaine, edited by Frédéric Gagey. Paris: Éditions L'Harmattan, 1985. 535-544 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Debt financing, Government economic management, Development planning, Foreign aid, International economic system. KEYWORDS: IMF; World Bank. 599 Hugon, Philippe. "Adjustment policies in developing countries." African Environment 25/28 (1990): 81-105. biblio. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Policy analysis, Economic reform. Describes the principles and objectives of adjustment policies. Addresses the effects of adjustment policies, including both the positive effects of a reduced money supply and reorientation toward the countryside and the negative effects of wage decreases, lowered welfare spending, and increased poverty. 600 Hugon, Philippe. "L'Afrique subsaharienne face au Fonds Monetaire International." Afrique contemporaine 139 (July/September 1986): 3-19. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic planning, Banking, Debt financing, Finance. KEYWORDS: IMF. Takes the position that models designed for the African continent ignore the important political and social structures of the countries concerned. Explores the limits of IMF policies in Africa. 601 H u g o n , Philippe. "Mythes et limites des prospectives économiques sur l'Afrique." Afrique contemporaine 146 (1988): 1220. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Development planning, Economic integration, Market system. KEYWORDS: Malthus, Thomas Robert. Discusses the uniformly pessimistic economic forecast for Africa, stating that no single economic remedy is correct for Africa. Concludes that regional and temporal differences need to be taken into account to promote development and growth. 602 Hugon, Philippe. "Quels avenirs économiques pour l'Afrique." Afrique contemporaine 146 (1988): 85-101. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Urban population, Demographic analysis, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: ecosystem. Discusses factors influencing Africa's development, including the international environment, internal factors related to demographic pressures, and the ecosystem. 603 Hutchful, Eboe. "Crisis of the new international division of labour, authoritarianism and the transition to free-market economies in Africa." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 12, no. 2 (1987): 35-57. SUBJECTS: Division of labor, Economic crisis,

Market economy, Structural adjustment, Authoritarian government. KEYWORDS: core-periphery relations; new international division of labor. Analyzes economic reform programs and the political power related to these reforms. Criticizes the statement that no African government with a structural adjustment program has been overthrown. Asserts that the governments that adhere to structural adjustment tend to be military regimes. 604 Hyden, Goran. "Problems and prospects of state coherence." In: State Versus Ethnic Claims: African Policy Dilemmas, edited by Donald Rothchild and Victor A. Olorunsola. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1983.67-84 pp. SUBJECTS: Government analysis, Political economy studies, Ethnicity, Market system, Self-determination. KEYWORDS: economy of affection; soft state. 605 Jacquemont, Pierre, Eisa Assidon, and Adrien Honvo Akanni. Politiques de change et ajustement en Afrique: /' experience de 16pays d'Afrique subsaharienne et de l'Océan Indien. Paris: Ministère de la Coopération et du Développement, 1988.218 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Social change, Trade policy, Finance policy, Economic reform, Foreign exchange. KEYWORDS: devaluation; World Bank; IMF; Indian Ocean. Examines foreign exchange policy experiments in sixteen African countries outside of the CFA zone. Appraises economic, financial, social, and trade effects of such policies. 606 Jacquemot, Pierre. "Le FMI et l'Afrique subsaharienne." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 211/212 (1983): 107-120. tables. ALSO COVERS: Madagascar. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic crisis, Debt financing, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: IMF; World Bank. 607 Jacquemot, Pierre. "Portée et limites des dévaluations en Afrique." Afrique contemporaine 149, no. 1 (1989): 5-24. tables. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Monetary policy, Finance policy, Economic reform. KEYWORDS: IMF. Analyzes the monetary experiments carried out in sixteen subSaharan African nations and in the Indian Ocean. Evaluates the effects of these exchange policies on the balance of trade, the financial variables, production, and social dynamics. Assesses policy limitations employed as development instruments. 608 Jaycox, Edward. "What can be done in Africa? The World Bank's response." In: Africa's Development Challenges and the World Bank: Hard Questions, Costly Choices, edited by Stephen K. Commins. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1988.19-52 pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Economic analysis, Structural adjustment, Environmental degradation, Industrialization. KEYWORDS: World Bank. Provides a succinct introduction to the analysis of the World Bank in relation to Africa's development problems. Notes that because of deteriorating living standards and declining per capita food production, Africa has become a World Bank priority. Argues that African states can protect their economies from external shocks by pursuing more appropriate policies. 609 Jewsiewicki, B., and J. Letourneau, eds. Mode of Production: The Challenge of Africa. Ste-Foy, Quebec, Canada: Safi, 1985. 174 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Political economy studies, Agricultural production, Economic analysis, Agrarian economy, Historical analysis. 610 Jobs and Skills Programme for Africa, and A. A. Aboagye, eds. The Impact of Recession on African Countries: Effects on the Poor. Vol. 1 of 3. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: International Labour Office, 1985. 165 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Debt financing, Poverty, Economic recession, Trade balance.

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611 Johns, R. A. "Transnational business, national friction structures and international exchange." Review of International Studies 10, no. 2 (1984): 125-142. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Foreign trade, International economic system, Transnational corporations, Taxation policy. KEYWORDS: free-trade zone. 612 Johnson, Robert H. 'The new position and the old: Demands for a New International Economic Order and American agrarian protest." International Organization 37, no. 1 (1983): 41-72. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic interdependence, Commodity production, Agrarian economy, Industrial development, Modernization. KEYWORDS: New International Economic Order; USAfrica relations. 613 Johnson, Willard R. "Afro-American and African links: Cooperation for our long-term economic empowerment." Trans Africa Forum 1, no. 4 (Spring 1983): 82-92. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic theory, Foreign capital, International economic system. KEYWORDS: African American-African relations; Commonwealth Development Corporation. 614 Johnson, Willard R. "Optimist and pessimist: Reflections on Africa's economic plight." TransAfrica Forum 5, no. 2 (Winter 1988): 56-67. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic dependency, Human resources development. Examines the ongoing debate in Western countries about Africa's economic crises and suggests that the industrialized West must change its attitude and allow Africa to build its capacities for equitable trade. 615 Johnson, Willard R. "The role of the Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa." The Journal of Modern African Studies 21, no. 4 (December 1983): 625-644. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Development financing, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: ArabAfrica relations; BADEA (Banque Arabe pour le Développement Economique en Afrique); OPEC; OAU. 616 Jones, R. J. Barry. "International political economy: Perspectives and prospects—Part II." Review of International Studies 8, no. 1 (1982): 39-52. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Division of labor, Political economy studies, International economic system, Underdevelopment, Economic interdependence. 617 Jones, R. J. Barry. "International political economy: Problems and issues—Part I." Review of International Studies 7, no. 4 (1981): 245-260. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Political economy studies, Underdevelopment, International economic relations, Transnational corporations. KEYWORDS: Law of the Sea Convention; New International Economic Order. 618 Jouve, Edmond. "L'OUA et la coopération économique de l'Afrique." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 221/222 (1984): 101-109. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic development, Agricultural production, Economic crisis. KEYWORDS: OAU; Lagos Plan of Action 1980. 619 Kabuya, Kalala. "Le 'Rapport Berg' et la stratégie africaine du développement." Zaïre-Afrique 163 (March 1982): 147-157. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Foreign aid, Development planning, Economic growth policy. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; Berg Report 1981. 620 Kabuya, Kalala. "Les Problèmes et la gestion du financement du développement en Afrique." Zaïre-Afrique 220 (December 1987): 617-26. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Development financing, Development policy. K E Y W O R D S : Banques Centrales Africaines; ADB (African Development Bank). A report on a symposium put forth by the major West and Central

African banks on development financing. Suggests countries need to restructure their economies to incorporate the informal into the formal sector and must work with external forces to solve the debt crisis. 621 K a l f l è c h e , J e a n - M a r c . " A f r i q u e n o i r e f r a n c o p h o n e : l'argumentaire menteur d ' u n e entreprise de déclassement." Géopolitique africaine 12 (October 1989): 5-91. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Corruption, Export policy, Cultural policy, Capital accumulation. KEYWORDS: Francophone Africa; FranceAfrica relations; CFA monetary area; cacao. Analyzes various aspects of French influence and policy in Africa. Looks at economic and cultural development ideas that are shaped indigenously and influenced by certain African states' close relations with France. 622 Kalflèche, Jean-Marc. "Le FMI et la Banque Mondiale sont-ils le diable?" Géopolitique africaine 6 (April 1987): 107-129. SUBJECTS: Development policy, Finance policy, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: IMF; World Bank. Looks at financial and structural adjustment policies of the World Bank and the IMF in Africa. Claims that IMF/World Bank policies are unavoidable for the indebted African countries, that the Bank is increasingly integrating social imperatives into its macropolicies, and that IMF World Bank policies do little to attract foreign capital into their countries. 623 Kalu, Viktor. "Soviet-African relations: A critique of the moving forces." In: The Soviet Union in World Politics: Essays in the Global Significance of the USSR and Issues in Soviet-African Relations, edited by Viktor Kalu. Enugu, Nigeria: Fourth Dimension, 1988. 73-123 pp. SUBJECTS: Neocolonialism, Foreign policy, Bourgeoisie, Marxist analysis, Capitalist development, Economic development, Socialist development. KEYWORDS: USSR-Africa relations. Covers USSR-Africa relations in global perspective using a Marxist class analysis. Discusses the relationships inherent in politics in neocolonial society. Concludes that anti-communist responses in developing nations grow out of the exploitive relations inherent in colonialism, which is today sustained by neocolonialism. 624 Kanaan, Taher Hamdi. "The economic dimension of contemporary Afro-Arab relations." In: The Arabs and Africa, edited by Khair El-Din Haseeb. Beirut, Lebanon: Centre for Arab Unity Studies, 1985. 391-424 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, International economic system, Economic development, Economic relations, Trade relations. KEYWORDS: Arab-Africa relations. 625 Karunaratne, Niel Dias. "Growth euphoria, academia and the development paradigm." Third World Quarterly 4, no. 2 (April 1982): 268-281. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic growth policy, Development policy, Higher education. KEYWORDS: ASEAN (Association of South East Asian Nations). 626 Kavoussi, Rostam M. "International trade and economic development: The recent experience of developing countries." The Journal of Developing Areas 19, no. 3 (April 1985): 379-392. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Trade policy, International economic relations, Export policy, Free market. 627 Kayembe, Ndia-Bintu. "Crise, emploi et éducation permanente: compte-rendu d'un atelier." Zaïre-Afrique 180 (December 1983): 609-617. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic crisis, Education policy, Labor force, Development policy. 628 Kessler, Richard J. "US policy towards Third World energy resource development: The African case." African Studies Association Papers 25, no. 49 (November 1982): 1-19. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Investment policy, Oil industry, Energy industry. KEYWORDS: World Bank; hydroelectric energy; coal;

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energy policy. 629 Kgathi, D. L. "Ergonomics of developing countries and economic development." Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies 4, no. 2 (November 1984): 79-82. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Labor force, Economic theory. 630 Khader, Bichara. "Le Transfert de technologie entre la réalité et l'illusion." Lei Cahiers du CEDAF no. 5/6 (1981): 4-12. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Technology transfer, Technological development, Market system. 631 Khan, Haider Ali. "Economic modeling of structural adjustment programs: Impact on human conditions." Africa Today 37, no. 4 (1990): 29-38. tables. ALSO COVERS: Kenya. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Economic analysis, Statistical analysis, Models. KEYWORDS: World Bank; IMF. Considers the analytical and empirical issues related to structural adjustment. Tests the IMF and World Bank economic models and policies, demonstrating that loan conditionalities have not aided countries in reaching targets. Notes the distribution concerns left out of the models. 632 Kibal, Naw-Ntal. "Le Tourisme international: un secteur économique?" Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 235/236 (1985): 97-99. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic development, Economic growth policy. KEYWORDS: tourism; IMF. 633 Kibuey, Mulambu F. "La Justice fiscale dans les pays en voie de développement." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 35, no. 2 (April/June 1981): 674-689. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Fiscal policy, Judicial system, Taxation policy. 634 Kinzounza, Firmin C. "Firmes transnationales (FTN) et développement." Peuples noirs; peuples africains 6, no. 36 (November/December 1983): 34-54. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Transnational corporations, Capital accumulation, Technology transfer, Capital formation. KEYWORDS: terms of trade. 635 Kitchen, Helen. Some Guidelines on Africa for the Next President. Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies, 1988. 48 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Angola, RSA. SUBJECTS: Economic relations, Strategic policy, Political analysis, Military intervention, Economic crisis. KEYWORDS: US-Africa relations; CubaAfrica relations. Proposes a US agenda for a coherent policy on Africa in relation to the Bush administration. Prioritizes areas and issues with which US policy should deal. Recommends how the new administration should look at Africa and with what it should be most concerned. 636 Kitching, Gavin. "The role of a national bourgeoisie in the current phase of capitalist development: Some reflections." In: The African Bourgeoisie: Capitalist Development in Nigeria, Kenya, and the Ivory Coast, edited by Paul M. Lubeck. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1987. 27-55 pp. SUBJECTS: Bourgeoisie, Capitalist development, Socialist development, Marxist analysis. KEYWORDS: Sutcliffe, Bob; Amin, Samir; Thomas, Clive. Looks at a variety of countries currently regarded as unambiguously part of the advanced capitalist world. Addresses attempts that have been made by Marxist theorists to outline the characteristics of independent capitalist development. Utilizes the views of three historical theorists: Bob Sutcliffe, Samir Amin, and Clive Thomas. 637 Kjellstrom, Sven B. "Rationalité économique et impératifs politiques en Afrique au Sud du Sahara." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 239/240 (1985):

69-80. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Self-reliance, Monetary policy. 638 Kokole, Omari. "African and Arab states and the call for a New International Economic Order." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 13 (1984): 14-19. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic relations, Islam, Arab nations, Economic aid. KEYWORDS: OPEC; Arab-Africa relations; New International Economic Order. 639 Kolesov, V. P. "The state as the motive force behind socioeconomic development." Africa in Soviet Studies (1982): 40-51. SUBJECTS: Economic development, State-owned enterprise, National planning policy, Traditional society, State intervention, Structural adjustment. 640 Kolodziej, Tadeusz. "Le Concours de la CEE à l'industrialisation des pays en voie de développement." Zaïre-Afrique 191 (January 1985): 43-60. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic development, Regional development, Economic integration, Development financing. KEYWORDS: Yaoundé Convention 1965; EEC; Lomé conventions. 641 Kotzé, D. A. "District administrator in rural development." Development Southern Africa 1, no. 3/4 (November 1984): 319-332. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Botswana, Zambia. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Rural development, Centrally planned economy, Local government, Administration. 642 Kouadio, François. "La Zone franc est-elle une zone de démonétisation?" Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 245/246 (1986): 104-108. SUBJECTS: International relations, Monetary policy, Financial system. KEYWORDS: CFA monetary area; UMOA. Explores relations between Africa and France and the implications that the CFA has for the development of the economies of French-speaking African countries. 643 Krasner, Stephen D. "Power structures and regional development banks." International Organization 35, no. 2 (1981): 303-328. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Banking, Underdevelopment, International finance, International politics, Regional development. KEYWORDS: ADB (African Development Bank). Examines the experience of developing nations in the three major regional financial institutions; the Inter-American, Asian, and African development banks. Concludes that the hegemonic structure of regional banks can offer weaker states both resources and influence provided that the goals of the dominant powers behind the banks are not violated. 644 Krasner, Stephen D. 'Third World vulnerabilities and global negotiations." Review of International Studies 9, no. 4 (1983): 235249. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Ideologies, Underdevelopment, Economic growth rate. KEYWORDS: New International Economic Order; UNCTAD. 645 Krogh, Desmond. "Africa's quest for economic development." Journal of Contemporary African Studies (October 1985): 47-59. tables. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Population density, Market system. KEYWORDS: IMF. 646 Krumm, Kathie. The External Debt of Sub-Saharan Africa: Origins, Magnitude and Implications for Action. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1985. 65 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Debt financing, Debt crisis, Economic crisis, Development financing, International finance. 647 Kuissu, Siméon. "Quelle alternative au plan d'ajustement structurel?" Peuples noirs ¡peuples africains 11, no. 63-66 (May/December

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1988): 148-158. ALSO COVERS: Cameroon. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Economic policy, Debt crisis. KEYWORDS: IMF. Claims that structural adjustment poicies as proposed by the IMF in Africa as a solution for economic difficulties have displayed ineffectiveness, unpleasantness, and insensitivity toward African economies. Proposes an alternative to structural adjustment and sets conditions for such an alternative. 648 Kwack, Sung Y., Dominick Salvatore, and Georges S. Tavlas. "Dynamic Policy Simulations." In: African Development Prospects: A Policy Modeling Approach, edited by Dominick Salvatore. New York: Taylor and Francis, 1989. 163-184 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Economic development policy, Monetary policy, Balance of payments, Price policy, Government expenditure. KEYWORDS: Policy simulations. Models the responses of ten African economies to changes in major domestic policy instruments. Examines such domestic and foreign variables as devaluation of national currency, decrease in government expenditure, and increase in net transfer payments, studying how these work in dynamic policy simulations. 649 Kwack, Sung Y., Dominick Salvatore, Umram Deminors, and Douglas O. Walker. "The prototype Model." In: African Development Prospects: A Policy Modeling Approach, edited by Dominick Salvatore. New York: Taylor and Francis, 1989.137-162 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Models, Trade policy, International economic relations, Price policy, Balance of payments, Investment policy. Provides a prototype framework for the development of economic models in African countries. Presents case studies and practical applications on government expenditure, international trade, and payments as well as investment finance and price policy. 650 Lachaud, J. P. "Les Activités informelles urbaines en Afrique sub-saharienne." In: Le Développement spontané: les activités informelles en Afrique, edited by Marc Penouil and Jean-Pierre Lachaud. Paris: A. Pedone, 1985. 104-147 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Informal sector, Economic analysis, Employment, Capital accumulation, Urban development. KEYWORDS: Bangui, Central African Republic; Abengourou, Côte d'Ivoire. 651 Lakroum, M. "Fonds d'emprunt, FIDES, FAC. Evolution des modèles et des pratiques de l'investissement public urbain (19301980: La période coloniale)." In: Les Investissements publics dans les villes africaines (1930-1980): Habitat et transports, edited by Sophie Dulucq and Odile Goerg. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1989.19-40 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Urban development, Finance policy, Investment policy. KEYWORDS: AOF (Afrique Occidentale Française). Explores the public investment subsidy policy for urban development undertaken by the French colonial power after World War II in West Africa. Analyzes the financial and economic planning used to meet the needs of the policy. 652 Lancaster, Carol. "Africa's economic crisis." Foreign Policy no. 52 (1983): 149-166. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Green Revolution, Foreign aid, Agricultural production, Economic crisis, Fiscal policy, Export policy. KEYWORDS: World Bank; US-Africa relations. 653 Lancaster, Carol, and John Williamson, eds. African Debt and Financing. Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics, 1986. 223 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: East Africa, Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Debt crisis, Commercial banking, Structural adjustment, Monetary policy, Policy analysis, Debt financing. KEYWORDS: loan conditionality ; IMF; World Bank; ADB (African Development Bank); external finance. Examines the African debt problem and suggests solutions. Addresses the demand for external finance, debt in Eastern and Southern

Africa, loan conditionality, and possible supplies of external financing, including bilateral aid, multilateral development banks, the IMF, and commercial banks. 654 Lancaster, Carol. "Aid debates and food needs." In: Coping with Africa's Food Crisis, edited by Naomi Chazan and Timothy M. Shaw. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1988.38-52 pp. SUBJECTS: Free market, Foreign aid, Food scarcity, Agricultural production, Economic crisis. KEYWORDS: structuralist theory. Discusses the role of foreign aid in addressing food needs. Deals with two basic approaches: the free market and structuralist. Concludes that foreign aid has not ensured agricultural progress in subSaharan Africa. 655 Lancaster, Carol, and John Williamson. "Concluding appraisal." In: African Debt and Financing, edited by Carol Lancaster and John Williamson. Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics, 1986. 201-215 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Debt crisis, Debt financing, Policy analysis, Economic reform. Reviews theories and opinions about African debt, including its unmanageable nature, the resource levels needed to overcome it, African policy deficiency, policy reform options, donor negotiations, and sources of financing. 656 Lancaster, Carol. "Foreign exchange and the economic crisis in Africa." In: The African State in Transition, edited by Zaki Ergas. London: Macmillan Press, 1987. 217-235 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign exchange, Economic crisis, Economic policy. KEYWORDS: IMF; World Bank. Discusses the issues surrounding the current shortage of foreign exchange in African countries. Notes problems of import dependency and failed government policy. Examines the expanding influence of the World Bank on the development agenda in Africa. 657 Lancaster, Carol. "Multilateral development banks and Africa." In: African Debt and Financing, edited by Carol Lancaster and John Williamson. Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics, 1986. 122-133 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Banking, Debt crisis, Debt financing. KEYWORDS: World Bank; ADB (African Development Bank); IMF; multilateral aid. Reviews the relationship of the World Bank and the ADB to Africa, as well as the future of these organizations. Evaluates the evolving role of both institutions, particularly in the context of IMF efforts to reduce its presence in Africa. 658 Lancaster, Carol. "Policy reform in Africa: How effective?" Issue: A Journal of Opinion 16, no. 2 (1988): 30-35. SUBJECTS: Economic reform, Foreign aid policy, Credit policy, Economic development policy, Reform, Trade policy. KEYWORDS: World Bank; IMF; US-Africa relations; USSR-Africa relations. Discusses reform strategies throughout Africa and reviews their effectiveness. Outlines possible types of reforms, pros and cons for each, and their past success and possible future impacts. Reviews US and USSR policy toward African nations and economic reform. 659 Langdon, Steven W. "Commentary on Africa and the world economy: Theoretical perspectives and present trends." African Studies Association Papers 24, no. 72 (October 1981): 1-14. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Marxism, Dependency theory, Capital accumulation, Resource distribution. 660 Lavoie, Jean-Yves. La Gestion étrangère du développement de l'Afrique. Sillery, Québec, Canada: Presses de l'Université du Québec, 1986.203 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Management, Economic aid, Economic development, Foreign aid policy, Development planning, Development policy. Presents views on the management of aid projects in Africa. Looks at the reality and experiences of foreign administrators working

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in African countries. Examines the conflict between African management rules, international development practices, and expert opinions on the one side and practical experience in development on the other. 661 Lawrence, Peter, ed. World Recession and the Food Crisis in Africa. London: James Currey, 1986. 314 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Food production, Economic recession, International finance, Finance, Famine, Food scarcity. KEYWORDS: IMF; World Bank. Examines the role of the IMF and the World Bank in the world economic recession, African food production, and underdevelopment. Discusses the character of the world economic system and the relationship between the world capitalist economy and African underdevelopment. 662 Le Masson, Hugues. "La France, 1' Afrique et la Banque Mondiale." Géopolitique africaine 8 (April/May 1988): 45-58. SUBJ E C T S : B a n k i n g policy, E c o n o m i c r e f o r m . K E Y W O R D S : France-Africa relations; World Bank; Francophone Africa; EEC. Reflects on future French policy in Francophone Africa. Claims that France will remain an internationally important power if it wishes to assume certain technical and financial responsibilities in Africa. 663 Leistner, G. M. E. "Black Africa in search of an appropriate development strategy." In: Southern Africa: Challenge of the Eighties, edited by G. M. E. Leistner, H. S. Schoeman, and Theo Malan. Pretoria, RSA: Africa Institute of South Africa, 1981. 65-83 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development policy, Development theory, Basic needs, Agricultural development, Regional cooperation, Centrally planned economy, Free market. 664 Leistner, G. M. E. "International aid and African development." Journal of Contemporary African Studies (October 1985): 61-76. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic aid, Government economic management, Modernization. KEYWORDS: SADCC; OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). 665 Lemarchand, René. "The state, the parallel economy, and the changing structure of patronage systems." In: The Precarious Balance: State and Society in Africa, edited by Donald Rothchild and Naomi Chazan. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1988. 149-170 pp. SUBJECTS: Nation-state, Economic dependency, Political economy studies, Corruption. KEYWORDS: patron-client relations; parallel economy. Analyzes the decline of electoral politics and the emergence of patronage systems in African governments. Outlines the historical development of the parallel economy and the extent to which it is now self-perpetuating. 666 Lewis, Stephen R., Jr. "Africa's trade and the world economy." In: Strategies for African Development, edited by Robert J. Berg and Jennifer Seymour Whitaker. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, 1986. 476-504 pp. SUBJECTS: Foreign trade, Capital formation, Price policy, International economic relations. States that despite the horrors international trade has brought to Africa, the small size of most African countries means foreign trade must play an important part in their development strategies, even for those countries whose long-term objective is to reduce their vulnerability to the international economy. 667 Liebenthal, Robert. Adjustment in Low-Income Africa, 19741978. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1981. 56 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Kenya, Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Trade relations, Government economic management, Foreign investment, Foreign exchange, Oil industry. KEYWORDS: terms of trade. 668 Liedholm, Carl, and Donald C. Mead. "Small scale industry in

Africa: An overview." African Studies Association Papers 28, no. 70 (November 1985): 1-22. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Ethiopia, Burundi. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Labor force, Economic growth rate, Employment. KEYWORDS: small-scale industry; labor intensive. 669 Ligeti, Sandor. "Development banks in the developing countries." Savings and Development 9, no. 3 (1985): 297-323. SUBJECTS: Banking, Development financing, Investment policy, Stateowned enterprise. 670 Lipson, Charles. "International organization of Third World debt." International Organization 35, no. 4 (1981): 603-631. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Nongovernmental organization, International economic relations, Banking. KEYWORDS: IMF. 671 Liser, Florizelle B., and E. Diane White. "African development and the elusiveness of basic human needs: Physical quality of life index and a case-study of Tanzania." In: Africa Projected: From Recession to Renaissance by the Year 2000, edited by Timothy M. Shaw and Olajide Aluko. London: Macmillan, 1985. 187-209 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Human rights, Economic crisis, Basic needs, Standard of living. KEYWORDS: Physical Quality of Life Index; Ujamaa ideology, Tanzania; Arusha Declaration 1967. 672 Lisevitch, A. M., and Yu. M. Osipov. "The place and role of public finance in the national economy." Africa in Soviet Studies (1982): 131-158. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Taxation policy, Defense policy, Economic management, National planning policy, Oil industry, Technological development. KEYWORDS: capital investment. 673 Lofchie, Michael F. "The decline of African agriculture: An internalist perspective." In: Drought and Hunger in Africa: Denying Famine a Future, edited by Michael H. Glantz. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1987. 86-109 pp. SUBJECTS: Import substitution, Agricultural sector, Agricultural policy, State-owned enterprise, Price policy, Monetary policy, Economic reform. Suggests that agricultural policies pursued by African governments have been of great importance in bringing about the widespread pattern of agricultural decline. States that until these policies are reformed, it will be impossible to gauge the effects of the international economic environment. 674 Lokadi, Longandjo, and Okitakekumba Longandjo. "Transferí de technologie et développement de 1'Afrique." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 243/244 (1986): 55-69. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Technology transfer, Development policy, Underdevelopment, Capitalist development. Traces the history of underdevelopment and the problem of development in Africa back to the Berlin Conference. Suggests that technological progress based on automation lies at the heart of the development problems facing Africa. 675 Lokadi, Longandjo, and Okitakekumba Longandjo. "Transfert de technologie et développement de l'Afrique." Les Nouvelles rationalités africaines 1, no. 3 (April 1986): 545-564. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Technology transfer, Development policy, Underdevelopment, Capitalist development. Traces the history of underdevelopment and the problem of development in Africa back to the Berlin Conference. Suggests that technological progress based on automation lies at the heart of the development problems facing Africa. 676 Loxley, John. "The IMF and World Bank conditionality and sub-Saharan Africa." In: World Recession and the Food Crisis in

AFRICA/Economics • 4 5 Africa, edited by Peter Lawrence. London: James Currey, 1986. 96-103 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, International economic system, Foreign aid, Debt crisis, Debt financing, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: IMF; World Bank. Examines the effect of IMF and World Bank loan conditionality on the effectiveness and implementation of loan programs. Seeks to understand the role of conditionality in the failure of various loan programs. 677 Loxley, John. 'The IMF, the World Bank and the economic crisis in Africa." African Studies Association Papers 27, no. 62 (October 1984): 1-21. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Population growth, Foreign aid, Food production, Structural adjustment, Import substitution. KEYWORDS: IMF; World Bank. 678 Loxley, John. "The IMF, the World Bank, and sub-Saharan Africa: Policies and politics." In: The IMF and the World Bank in Africa: Conditionality, Impact, and Alternatives, edited by Kjell J. Havnevik. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1987.47-63 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: RSA, Côte d'Ivoire. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Economic policy. KEYWORDS: IMF; World Bank; multilateral aid. Addresses the politics of conditionality, expressing that African countries are often reluctant to approach the IMF/World Bank for assistance. Points out that when African countries seek IMF/World Bank assistance, the manner in which they adjust to economic problems is out of the hands of those countries. 679 Loxley, John. "The World Bank and the model of accumulation." In: The Politics of Agriculture in Tropical Africa, edited by Jonathan Barker. Beverly Hills, California: Sage, 1984.65-76 pp. SUBJECTS: Development theory, Capital accumulation, Economic development, Policy analysis. KEYWORDS: World Bank; Berg Report 1981. 680 Luke, David Fashole. "Africa's development management crisis." African Studies Association Papers 29, no. 55 (October/November 1986): 1-7. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Private sector, Economic crisis, Authoritarian government, Development policy, Public sector. Characterizes the history of development management in Africa as a crisis. States that before other issues can be dealt with, good administration must be established; otherwise, continuing underdevelopment will occur. 681 Luke, David Fashole. "African development in the mid-1980s: The Lagos Plan of Action and the Lomé III Convention." In: Europe, Africa and Lomé III, edited by Robert Boardman, Timothy M. Shaw, and Panayotis Soldatos. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1985. 85-114 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Development policy, Economic cooperation, Economic relations, Trade policy. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; Lomé Convention 1984. 682 Luke, David Fashole. "African development in the mid-1980s: The Lagos Plan of Action and the Lomé III Convention." In: Lagos Plan of Action and Africa's Future Economic Relations: Conference Proceedings, edited by ECA-Dalhousie Conference. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada: ECA-Dalhousie Conference, 1984. 1-29 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Development theory, Development planning, Economic analysis, Policy analysis. KEYWORDS: Lomé Convention 1984; Lagos Plan of Action 1980. 683 Luke, David Fasholé. "Economic management in Africa: The reform of organization and process." In: Economic Restructuring and African Public Administration: Issues, Actions and Future Choices, edited by M. Jide Balogun and Gelase Mutahaba. West Hartford, Connecticut: Kumarian Press, 1989. 91-105 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Government economic management, Reform, Economic reform.

Examines emerging trends at the organizational level in the highest echelons of government. Focuses on the reform of organizational and managerial aspects of policy development and administration. 684 Lyman, Princeton. "Images and realities of responsibility toward Africa." In: The Crisis and Challenge of African Development, edited by Harvey Glickman. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood, 1988.117125 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Foreign aid, Economic policy. KEYWORDS: IMF; World Bank. Discusses the contrasting and overlapping images of Africa that shape popular perceptions and informed opinion. Suggests policy adjustment and reform. 685 Mackintosh, Maureen. "Economic tactics: Commercial policy and the socialization of African agriculture." World Development 13, no. 1 (January 1985): 77-96. SUBJECTS: Centrally planned economy, Price policy, Agricultural cooperatives, Agricultural marketing, Informal sector. 686 Magnard, Franck, and Nicolas Tenzer. La Crise africaine: quelle politique de coopération pour la France ? Paris : Presses Universitaires de France, 1988. 249 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Economic reform, Development policy, Debt financing, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: France-Africa relations; IMF; World Bank. Explores the diverse possibilities for Africa to escape the vicious circle of underdevelopment. Emphasizes cooperation among international institutions to this end. Looks at the special role that France should play as a result of its historical relationship and geographical proximity to Africa. 687 Mahjoub, Azzam, ed. Adjustment or Delinking? The African Experience. Tokyo, Japan: UN University Press, 1990.176 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Economic dependency, Development theory, S o c i a l i s m , International economic system. KEYWORDS: IMF; World Bank. Examines African attempts to develop in ways different from those of global capitalism. Addresses the socialist form in particular and the revolutionary experience in Burkina Faso and Ethiopia. Explores World Bank and IMF interaction with the continent. 688 Makidi, Ku-Ntima. "The OAU and the quest for the ever-elusive goal of economic development." Africa Today 35, no. 3/4 (1988): 36-48. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic crisis, Economic development policy, International finance, Food scarcity, Manufacturing sector. KEYWORDS: ECA; OAU. Describes the economic crisis in the world capitalist system and its effect on Africa. Discusses the manufacturing and agricultural sectors and the external debt as indicators of the depth of the African crisis. 689 Malan, Theo. "Wage control and minimum wages in Africa." In: Southern Africa: Challenge of the Eighties, edited by G. M. E. Leistner, H. S. Schoeman, and Theo Malan. Pretoria, RSA: Africa Institute of South Africa, 1981. 84-113 pp. SUBJECTS: Inflation, Wage policy, Income distribution, Economic growth rate. 690 Malan, Toit. "Comparative standards of living in African states." Africa Insight 17, no. 3 (1987): 159-167. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic growth rate, Standard of living, Income distribution. KEYWORDS: Physical Quality of Life Index. Examines several economic and social indicators to assess which countries throughout the continent have the highest and lowest standards of living. Asserts that cultural and religious factors seem to have the greatest impact on living standards while geographical factors and political ideology have a lesser impact. 691 Mamaty, Isabelle. "Devaluation experiments in sub-Saharan

46 • AFRICA/E co no mi es Africa." African Environment 25/28 (1990): 165-182. ALSO COVERS: Zaire, Ghana. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Policy analysis, Case study, Monetary policy. KEYWORDS: devaluation. Considers the effects of devaluation in Madagascar, Zaire, Tanzania, Ghana, and Nigeria. Describes the history of devaluation in each country and its effect on balance of payments, prices, inflation, production, and budget deficit. Concludes that devaluation has rarely had a positive effect. 692 Mandaza, Ibbo. "The adaptation of government to economic crisis: Philosophical and practical considerations on the role and scope of the state in society." In: Economic Restructuring and African Public Administration: Issues, Actions andFuture Choices, edited by M. Jide Balogun and Gelase Mutahaba. West Hartford, Connecticut: Kumarian Press, 1989. 29-47 pp. SUBJECTS: Neocolonialism, Economic dependency, Economic crisis. Discusses the transformation of the neocolonial state into an independent one. Concludes that without this transformation the existing structure of dependence would be maintained to the detriment of the growth and development of the various African countries. 693 Manning, Patrick. 'The prospects for African economic history: Is today included in the long run?" The African Studies Review 30, no. 2 (June 1987): 49-62. biblio. SUBJECTS: Economic history. KEYWORDS: Berg Report 1981. Criticizes the Berg Report and other economic analyses of Africa for their ahistorical understanding of African economies. Asserts the importance of Africa's economic history and compares current economic activity with that before the dividing year of 1960. 694 Mansilla, H. C. F. "Some introductory remarks and critical theory of m o d e r n i z a t i o n . " Africa Development!Afrique et développement 8, no. 2 (1983): 46-59. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic dependency, Modernization theory, Industrialization. 695 Marseilles, Jacques. "L'Investissement privé dans l'empire colonial: mythes et réalités." In: Actes du Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique: XIX et XX siècles, Vol. 1, edited by Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique, XIX et XX siècles. Paris : L'Harmattan, 1983. 43-60 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Private investment, Economic relations. KEYWORDS: France-Africa relations. 696 Martin, Guy. "African-European economic relations under the Lomé Convention: Commodities and the scheme of stabilization of export earning." The African Studies Review 27, no. 3 (September 1984): 41-66. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Geopolitics, Neocolonialism, Economic dependency, Trade relations. KEYWORDS: Lomé conventions; EEC; ACP (African, Caribbean, and Pacific Countries); STABEX (stabilization of export earnings from commodities). 697 Martin, Guy. "Zone franc, sous-développement et dépendence en Afrique noire francophone." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 12, no. 1 (1987): 55-100. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Monetary policy, Dependency theory. KEYWORDS: CFA monetary area. Evaluates the use of the CFA in French-speaking Africa. Suggests that the linked currency creates a strong dependence on France, thus hindering development. Analyzes degree to which monetary relations keep Africa in a perpetual and increasing state of dependency and underdevelopment. 698 Martin, Matthew. "Crisis management: Solving Africa's debt problem?" In: Economic Development in Africa, edited by Olusola Akinrinade and J. Kurt Barling. London: Pinter, 1987. 218-238 pp. SUBJECTS: International economic relations, Debt crisis, Debt

financing. KEYWORDS: London Club; Paris Club; World Bank; IMF. Examines the paralyzing impact of the now generally recognized debt crisis on the African development process. Argues that a precondition for the regeneration of the development process in Africa is an international solution to the debt problems encountered by nearly all of sub-Saharan Africa. 699 Masemola, N. M. "Comments on the New International Economic Order and the Lagos Plan of Action." In: New Perspectives and Conceptions of International Law: An Afro-European Dialogue, edited by K. Ginther and W. Benedek. Vienna, Austria: SpringerVerlag, 1983. 29-36 pp. SUBJECTS: International law, Economic dependency, International relations, Economic relations. KEYWORDS: New International Economic Order; Lagos Plan of Action 1980; ECA; OAU; PTA (Preferential Trade Area). 700 Masini, Jean. "Les Produits de base dans le nouvel ordre économique international." Revue canadienne d'études de développement/Canadian Journal of Development Studies 2, no. 1 (1981): 116-132. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Monetary policy, Oil industry, Raw materials. KEYWORDS: Lomé conventions; EEC. 701 Mathonnat, Jacky. 'The impact of external factors and of domestic policies on external debt." In: Crisis and Recovery in SubSaharan Africa, edited by Tore Rose. Paris: OECD, 1985. 231-240 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Debt financing, Debt crisis, Government economic management, International economic system. 702 Mawuli, Agogo. "Balance of payments problems as a consequence of rapid capital accumulation in developing countries." In: Trade and Development in Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), edited by Adeyinka Orimalade and R. E. Ubogu. New Delhi, India: Vikas Publishing House, 1984.435-458 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic dependency, Economic growth rate, Balance of payments. KEYWORDS: ECOWAS. 703 Mbuyinga, Elenga. 'The crisis of neo-colonialism in Africa and the prospects for the African Revolution." Journal ofAfrican Marxists no. 10 (June 1987): 29-36. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic crisis, Neocolonialism, Revolutionary movement. KEYWORDS: OAU. Reassesses the role that colonialism has played in African development since the late 1960s. Suggests that a Pan-African revolution that would end Western bourgeois influence is necessary in order to attack this crisis. 704 Meerman, Jacob. "Cost recovery in a project context: Some World Bank experience in tropical Africa." World Development 11, no. 6 (June 1983): 503-514. tables. SUBJECTS: Budget policy, Government economic management, Project design. KEYWORDS: World Bank. 705 Mehretu, Assefa. Regional Disparity in Sub-Saharan Africa: Structural Readjustment of Uneven Development. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1989. 202 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Geographical analysis, Economic analysis, Regional development, Free market. KEYWORDS: spatial analysis; regional inequality. Analyzes Africa's development from an economic geography perspective. Highlights the social and spatial constraints on development, particularly spatial antidevelopment biases (called structural hegemony), that work against the free market and political participation and create regional inequalities. 706 Meng, Werner. "Conditionality of IMF and World Bank loans: Tutelage of sovereign states?" Verfassung und Recht in Übersee/Law

AFRICA/Economics • 4 7 and Politics in Africa, Asia and, Latin America 21, no. 3 (1988): 263-277. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, International law, International finance, Debt financing, Development financing. KEYWORDS: World Bank; IMF. Describes basic features of the lending practices used by the IMF and World Bank and concentrates on the pertinent international law questions. Discusses the practice of conditionality with regard to its economic wisdom and lawfulness. Finds there are few international law constraints on conditionality. 707 Mentan, Ngek Tatah. "Monetary politics in franc zone Africa: The wolf-sheep game." AfricaDevelopmentlAfrique et développement 13, no. 4 (1988): 29-43. SUBJECTS: Monetary policy, International economic system, Neocolonialism, Financial system. KEYWORDS: Francophone Africa; CFA monetary area; France-Africa relations; Cooper, Richard N. Analyzes three dimensions of a monetary regime—exchange rates, reserve assets, and degree of control over international capital flow. Uses Richard N. Cooper's criteria for evaluating international monetary regimes. Argues that international monetary relations within the CFA zone are calculated to maintain French control, domination, and exploitation of African members. 708 Mettelin, Pierre. "Les Conflits d'interprétation." In: Le Développement spontané: les activités informelles en Afrique, edited by Marc Penouil and Jean-Pierre Lachaud. Paris: A. Pedone, 1985. 70-103 pp. SUBJECTS: Informal sector, Capitalist development, International economic system, Traditional society, Economic analysis. 709 Michailof, Serge. "Afrique subsaharienne: au delà du désastre un scénario de sauvetage." Géopolitique africaine 11 (April 1989): 57-79. SUBJECTS: Economic crisis, Ecological analysis, Peasant society, State intervention, Finance. KEYWORDS: World Bank; IMF. Examines financial, economic, demographic, peasant, and agricultural crises in Africa. Presents a scenario of public aid to ameliorate such crises. Programs include arresting poor investment choices, facing the cost of prior errors, and creating a secure economic environment and agricultural environment. 710 Miller, E. Willard, and Ruby M. Miller, eds. The Third WorldAfrica: Economic Aspects, A Bibliography. Monticello, Illinois: Vance Bibliographies, 1990. 41 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic relations, Economic policy, Industrial development, Regional development, International relations, Finance policy. KEYWORDS: rural economy. Provides a bibliography on the economic conditions in Africa. Focuses on economic development, economic policy, foreign relations, the rural economy and transportation conditions. Touches upon environmental policy. 711 Mingst, Karen A. "Inter-organizational politics: The World Bank and the African Development Bank." Review of International Studies 13, no. 4 (1987): 281-294. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Nongovernmental organization, Banking, International economic system, Economic dependency. KEYWORDS: World Bank; ADB (African Development Bank). Examines the interorganizational processes of the World Bank and the ADB and the circumstances under which two organizations with similar goals can clash as well as cooperate. 712 Mingst, Karen A. Politics and the African Development Bank. Lexington, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky, 1990. 204 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Banking policy, Banking, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: ADB (African Development Bank); World Bank; OAU; IMF. Analyzes changing political relationships in the ADB following

the adhesion of the extraregional member states. Outlines the lending process of the ADB. Examines the relationship between the ADB and the IMF, the World Bank, and the OAU. 713 Mireku, Ebenezer. "Sub-Saharan Africa: Debt crisis and its causes." Genève Afrique/Geneva Africa 28, no. 1 (1990): 91-104. biblio. SUBJECTS: Debt crisis, Economic crisis. Examines the debt crisis in Africa as an obstacle to the restoration of the conditions needed for growth and development. Suggests that greater intellectual and political flexibility, better management, and a return to African values will help overcome this problem. 714 Mkandawire, Thandika. "Le Plan d'Action de Lagos et la Banque Mondiale: étude comparative des deux points de vue sur l'alimentation et l'agriculture en Afrique." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 8, no. 4 (1983): 20-34. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Agricultural production, Foreign capital, Import substitution, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: World Bank; Berg Report 1981; Lagos Plan of Action 1980. 715 Mkandawire, Thandika. 'The road to crisis, adjustment and de-industrialisation: The African case." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 13, no. 1 (1988): 5-31. tables. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Industrial sector, Capitalist economy, Debt financing, Economic crisis, Import substitution, Industrialization. Examines the plight of Africa with regard to the world economic system and traces the various strategies that African nations have pursued before and after independence. 716 Monloubou, Jean-Marie. "Le Portugal postcolonial et ses rélations économiques avec l'Afrique au sud du Sahara." Année africaine (1984): 256-296. biblio, other docs. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic development policy, Import policy, Credit policy, Economic cooperation. KEYWORDS: Portugal-Africa relations; Lusophone Africa. 717 Moore, Mick. "Interpreting Africa's crisis: Political science versus political economy." Institute of Development Studies Bulletin 18, no. 4 (October 1987): 7-15. SUBJECTS: Political economy studies, Economic crisis, Political crisis, State power. KEYWORDS: political science discipline; Bates, Robert H.; Brett, E. A. Critiques previous issues of the bulletin. Asks whether the social sciences can ever deal satisfactorily with the decline of African nation-states. Describes ambiguities in the research on states. Compares the political economy approach to the political science approach and the appropriateness of each to the study of Africa. 718 Moose, Richard M. "Alternative sources of capital." In: African Debt and Financing, edited by Carol Lancaster and John Williamson. Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics, 1986. 147161 pp. SUBJECTS: Debt crisis, Debt financing. Outlines possibilities for African countries to build up their external resource flow, noting that these opportunities are not extensive outside of the traditional official agencies. Discusses rescheduling, decriminalizing the parallel market, domestic capital, direct investment, and privatization. 719 Moss, Joanna, and John Ravenhill. 'Trade development during the first Lomé Convention." World Development 10, no. 10 (October 1982): 841-856. tables. SUBJECTS: International economic relations, Economic development, Manufacturing sector, Taxation policy. KEYWORDS: EEC; ACP (African, Caribbean, and Pacific Countries); PTA (Preferential Trade Area); Lomé Convention 1975; most-favored-nation policy. 720 Mulumba, Lukoji. "La Situation économique critique de l'Afrique devant les Nations Unies." Zaïre-Afrique 205 (May 1986): 261-277. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic

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crisis, Agricultural production, Foreign aid, Development financing. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; OAU. Examines the scope of Africa's economic crisis and the manner in which African nations have sought to resolve it. Addresses measures put forth through the Lagos Plan of Action. 721 Murphy, Patrick J. Defense and Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: Codebook. SantaMonica, California: Rand Corporation, 1988. 68 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Social change, Military budget, Political analysis, Economic growth rate. KEYWORDS: IMF; World Bank. A descriptive guide to a larger statistical database on forty-one countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Provides information on military, political, economic, and social factors in these countries from 1970 to 1985. Sets the background for sources, terminology, and research variables for the database. 722 Murphy, Patrick J. Defense and Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: Database. Santa Monica, California: Rand Corporation, 1988. 459 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Social change, Political analysis, Military budget, Economic growth rate. KEYWORDS: IMF; World Bank. A database of statistics covering forty-one countries in subSaharan Africa from 1970 to 1985. Provides information on military, economic, political, and social factors for these countries. Accompanies a shorter codebook that sets out the study and lists sources and research variables. 723 Musambi Malongi, Ya Mona. "Une vision prospective du temps pour le développement de 1' Afrique." Zaire-Afrique 209/210 (November/December 1986): 549-558. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Development planning, Capitalist economy. Examines the implications of economic development in Africa during the 1980s. Assesses the recommendations for Africa's development policy. 724 Naanen, Ben. "Alternative theories of (under)development: How relevant to Africa?" Ufahamu 14, no. 2 (1985): 23-56. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Development theory, International economic system, Economic dependency, Underdevelopment. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; Berg Report 1981. 725 Ndegwa, P., R. H. Green, and L. P. Mureithi, eds. Development Options for Africa in the 1980's and Beyond. Nairobi, Kenya: Oxford International Press, 1985. 260 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Development theory, Economic development, Economic policy, Rural development, Urban development. 726 Ndegwa, P., L. P. Mureithi, and R. H. Green, eds. Management for Development: Priority Themes in Africa Today. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1987. 195 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic management, Finance policy, Budget policy, International economic relations, Management. KEYWORDS: donor agency; OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development); SADCC. Consists of papers discussed at a symposium, held in March 1985 by the Kenya chapter of the Society for International Development, on the subject of management in relation to development requirements. 727 Ndegwa, P., L. P. Mureithi, and R. H. Green. "Management priorities: Towards dialogue and practice." In: Management for Development: Priority Themes in Africa Today, edited by P. Ndegwa, L. P. Mureithi, and R. H. Green. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1987. 171-190 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Development planning, Economic crisis, Agricultural sector. KEYWORDS: World Bank. Discusses present limitations and implications for future

analysis; stresses the need for negotiation and action in the management of development in Africa. 728 Ndegwa, P., L. P. Mureithi, and R. H. Green. "Managing development: Human and political imperatives." In: Management for Development: Priority Themes in Africa Today, edited by P. Ndegwa, L. P. Mureithi, and R. H. Green. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1987. 6-14 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Development policy, Political economy studies. KEYWORDS: OAU; democratic socialism. Discusses what development should represent in terms of serving as a point of departure from which to elaborate managerial concepts, tools, and practices relevant to its attainment. 729 Ndegwa, P. "The role of political leadership in national economic management and development." In: Management for Development: Priority Themes in Africa Today, edited by P. Ndegwa, L. P. Mureithi, and R. H. Green. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1987. 27-37 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Policy analysis, Government economic management, Behavioral analysis, State-owned enterprise. Focuses on the overall interrelationship between the state and management in the process of development. Emphasizes the crucial role of political leaders as managers who must assume responsibility for basic decisions that affect the national economy and society as a whole. 730 Ndegwa, Philip. The African Challenge: In Search of Appropriate Development Strategies. Nairobi, Kenya: Heinemann Kenya, 1986.182 pp. biblio,tables. SUBJECTS:Debt financing,Food production, Economic development, Development theory, Development policy. Defines the "African challenge" as overcoming the various crises confronting the continent: economic development, food production, political instability, and growth. Addresses specifically mass unemployment, food shortages, population increases, and external indebtedness. 731 Ndeshyo, Rurihose, and Ntumba Luaba Luma. "La Commission Economique des Nations Unies pour l'Afrique: 25 ans d'activités au service de l'Afrique." Zaïre-Afrique 178 (October 1983): 501-509. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic development, Budget policy, Financial system, Regional development, Economic integration. KEYWORDS: ECA; UN. 732 Ndiaye, Babacar. "L'Endettement extérieur de l'Afrique et les tentatives d'allégement." Politique étrangère 53, no. 3 (1988): 639647. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Debt crisis, Banking, Foreign aid, Political stability. Examines the nature of the African debt crisis and analyzes the record of recent African economic performance and reasons for increasing indebtedness of African countries. Raises the possibility that without a comprehensive economic strategy, an orderly resolution to the problem will be impossible. 733 Neff, Stephen C. "The role of the developing countries in the international monetary system." Review oflnternational Studies 8, no. 2 (1982): 99-115. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Underdevelopment, Monetary exchange, Development planning, Inflation. KEYWORDS: IMF; devaluation. 734 Nempo, Gerard Djoumbissie. Franc-Contribuer: Epargne dans la société traditionelle africaine. Douala-Bassa, Cameroon: Editions Littéraires, 1985. 100 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Traditional society, Banking, Capital accumulation. KEYWORDS: savings. 735 Neurrisse, André. Le Franc C. F. A. Paris: Librarie Générale de Droit et de Jurisprudence, 1987. 275 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUB-

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JECTS: Banking policy, Financial system, Monetary policy. KEYWORDS: CFA monetary area; Francophone Africa; BEAC (Banque des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale); UMOA. Looks at the history and establishment of the CFA currency in West and Central Africa. Includes topics such as the CFA institutions, their organization, regional monetary integration, and the dynamic of the common currency. 736 N g a n d j e u , J e a n . L'Afrique contre son indépendance économique? Diagnostic de la crise actuelle. Paris: Editions L'Harmattan, 1988. 319 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic dependency, Foreign aid, Political analysis, International economic relations. KEYWORDS: UN; EEC; New International Economic Order. Looks at the future of Africa in the face of the current unprecedented economic crisis. Traces its origins to before the beginning of the twentieth century and the recent drought conditions in Africa. Believes that the continent is currently underdeveloped because of erroneous development strategy, archaic national divisions, wars, coups d'état, and ideological disagreement. 737 Ngango, Georges. "Politiques monétaires et fiscales des pays africains." Présence africaine 119 (1981): 3-28. SUBJECTS: Fiscal policy, Monetary policy, Regional integration, Banking policy, Credit policy. KEYWORDS: Francophone Africa; CFA monetary area.

Asks why the people of Africa are not healthier, wealthier, better educated, or in stronger control of their economies than before independence. States that a new kind of government is needed, one that is democratic and representative, in order to foster the conditions that enable people to enrich themselves. 743 Nnoli, Okwidiba. "Comparative development approaches in Africa: Lessons of experience and perspectives for new strategies." In :ASWEA4thConference on Social DevelopmentTraining in Africa: Experiences of the 1970's and Emerging Trends of the 1980's, edited by ASWEA. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: ASWEA, 1982.64-84 pp. SUBJECTS: Socialist development, Capitalist development, Self-reliance, Economic development. 744 North-South Institute, ed. Structural Adjustment in Africa: External Financing for Development. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: NorthSouth Institute, 1988. 46 pp. ALSO COVERS: Ghana, Zambia. SUBJECTS : Structural adjustment, Economic development, Research and development, Financial system, Development financing. KEYWORDS: UN; IMF. Summarizes the findings of the North-South Institute's conference on structural adjustment. Concentrates on the question of economic growth in Africa and possible external financial resources in the coming years. Addresses policy issues and the social sector.

738 Ngoma-Binda, P. "Démocratie et développement économique." Zaïre-Afriqueno. 247/248 (September/October 1990): 433-445. SUBJECTS: Democracy, Economic development, Underdevelopment, Capitalist development, Modernization. Develops ideas from a previous study on democracy. Recognizes a dialectic of democracy and economic development in which the former must precede the latter. Claims that an underdeveloped country runs the risk of giving birth to an underdeveloped democracy.

745 Nti, James. "The impact of the economic crisis on the effectiveness of public service personnel." In: Economic Restructuring and African Public Administration: Issues, Actions and Future Choices, edited by M. Jide Balogun and Gelase Mutahaba. West Hartford, Connecticut: Kumarian Press, 1989.121-129 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic crisis, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: public services. Focuses on the impact of the economic crisis on public service personnel. Offers suggestions for containing the adverse impact of the economic crisis.

739 Ngwenya, Martyn A. R. "The African debt crisis: The case of limited alternatives." In: Organization of African Unity: 25 Years On: Essays in Honour of Kwame Nkrumah, edited by Kwesi Krafona. London: Afroworld Publishing Company, 1988. 19-60 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Debt crisis, Economic crisis, Structural adjustment, Economic dependency, International economic system, Debt financing. KEYWORDS: devaluation; World Bank; IMF. Argues that Africa's external indebtedness has been transformed into a debt crisis. Examines the various solutions proposed to this crisis, including those of the IMF, the World Bank, and African nations. Suggests alternatives to structural adjustment in resolving the debt and development crisis.

746 Ntoutoume-Emane, J e a n - F r a n ç o i s . "Zones f r a n c h e s et développement." Géopolitique africaine 12 (October 1989): 163-174. ALSO COVERS: Mauritius, Senegal. SUBJECTS: Free market, Economic development, Export policy. KEYWORDS: free trade zone; ZFID (Zone France Industrielle de Dakar); MEPZ (Mauritius Export Processing Zone); export processing. Examines the concept of export-processing zones in Africa. Looks at the notion of EPZ and its application in Africa. Provides advantages and disadvantages in the context of the ZFID and the MEPZ.

740 Nkuete, Jean. Le Franc CFA face aux mutations des grandes unités de compte: Dollars-DTS-ECU. Yaounde, Cameroon: Clé, 1981. 174 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Monetary policy, International finance, Foreign exchange. KEYWORDS: CFA monetary area; France-Africa relations; ECU (European Currency Unit); UCA (Union des Compte Agricole). 741 Nkuhlu, W. L. "Economic empowerment in sub-Saharan Africa." Africa Insight 19, no. 4 (1989): 233-240. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Policy recommendation, Free market. Examines select initiatives to spark economic growth. Evaluates their impact, questions their success, and then asks how to revitalize these efforts. Considers African economies and then describes a policy framework that includes constitutional development, ends to price controls, and trade liberalization. 742 Nkuhlu, W. L. "Economic empowerment in sub-Saharan Africa during and after the colonial era." Development Southern Africa 7, no. 1 (February 1990): 3-15. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Economic policy, Poverty, Government analysis, Economic analysis.

747 Ntumba Luaba Lumu. "L'Europe de 1992 et l'Afrique." ZaïreAfrique no. 246 (June/July 1990): 313-325. SUBJECTS: Economic relations, International relations, Investment policy. KEYWORDS: Europe-Africa relations; EEC. Analyzes potential relations between Africa and the EEC after the completion of the single European market in 1992. Examines effects on trade, immigration, and investment. Looks at cooperation and new opportunities offered by the African, Caribbean, and Pacific states. 748 Nwankwo, G. O., and John Cass. "The prospects for private capital flows in the context of current debt problems in sub-Saharan Africa." Savings and Development 14 (1990): 35-49. tables. SUBJECTS: Debt crisis, Private investment, Foreign investment. KEYWORDS: capital flow. Describes African debt problems and the prospect for private capital flows such as export credits, international capital markets, and direct foreign private investment. Concludes that prospects are bleak and that this has implications for structural adjustment programs. 749 Nwokedi, E. "From co-operation to generalised co-development:

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Alternative models of Franco-African economic relations." The AfricanReview 10, no. 2 (1983): 52-62. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic dependency, Economic relations, Economic cooperation. KEYWORDS: France-Africa relations. 750 Nwokedi, Emeka. "France's Africa: A struggle between exclusivity and interdependence." In: Africa in World Politics: Into the 1990s, edited by Ralph I. Onwuka and Timothy M. Shaw. Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan, 1989. 180-197 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Neocolonialism, Economic relations, Economic interdependence. KEYWORDS: France-Africa relations; CFA monetary area. Examines the exclusive links between France and Africa. Analyzes the form and substance of the interdependent relationship. Addresses the likely future course of French African policy. 751 Nyang'oro, Julius E. The State and Capitalist Development in Africa: Declining Political Economies. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1989.178 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Capitalist development, Development theory, Historical analysis, Policy analysis, Political economy studies, State government, Dependency theory. KEYWORDS: IMF; ECA; corporatism. Draws upon modernization and dependency theories to understand current theorization about African economic development. Suggests that the problem in African development is that the political economy of the continent is fragmented and only marginally capitalist and as such capitalism as a development theory should be disaggregated. 752 Nyerere, Julius K. "Africa and the debt crisis." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 84, no. 337 (October 1985): 489-497. SUBJECTS: International relations, Debt crisis, Debt financing, Government borrowing, Foreign aid, Regional cooperation. KEYWORDS: OAU; IMF; ECOWAS. 753 Offiong, Daniel. Imperialism and Dependency: Obstacles to African Development. Washington, DC: Howard University Press, 1982. 304 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Capitalist development, Imperialism, Neocolonialism, Economic dependency, Dependency theory, Underdevelopment, Modernization theory. 754 Ogun, Oluremi. "A note on financial deepening and economic growth: Evidence from Africa." The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies 28, no. 2 (July 1986): 275-283. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Financial system, Monetary policy, Economic growth policy. Presents two major propositions from the literature on financial deepening. Attempts to bridge the gap by testing the two propositions stated in a cross-sectional analysis with respect to the African region for the period 1969-1983. Uses data from twenty African nations. 755 Ogundowole, E. Kola. "Developing under impossible conditions: An alternative path for Nigeria." In: Alternative Political Futures for Nigeria, edited by Stephen O. Olugbemi. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Political Science Association, 1987. 156-164 pp. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Development planning, Free market, Marxist analysis, Self-sufficient economy, Self-reliance. KEYWORDS: comparative advantage. Suggests that traditional economic approaches to development have not worked in developing countries. Assesses the impact of both capitalist and Marxist theories of development, asserting that neither provides much hope for developing nations. Recommends a program of self-reliance as a way out of underdevelopment. 756 Ohojie, Paul. "Africa and the famine movement." Journal of African Marxists no. 10 (June 1987): 80-89. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Foreign aid, Hunger, Debt crisis. KEYWORDS: World Bank; Live Aid; Sports Aid; Geldof, Bob;

World Bank. Criticizes the Live Aid famine movement of Bob Geldof, stating that it ignores the real problems behind famine in Africa. Asserts that such fund-raisers as Live Aid, Band Aid, and Sports Aid reinforce the ongoing problems behind hunger in Africa. 757 Ojo, Olatunde. "Africa and the global economy." In: African International Relations, edited by J. C. B. Olatunde, D. K. Orwa, and C. M. B. Utete. New York: Longman, 1985. 52-72 pp. SUBJECTS: Poverty, Underdevelopment, Economic relations, Economic analysis, International economic system. 758 Okolo, Amechi. "The role of international trade in the African political economy." In: Africa and the International Political System, edited by Timothy Shaw and 'Sola Ojo. Washington, DC: University Press of America, 1982. 68-103 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Underdevelopment, Economic analysis, Economic development, Foreign trade, Political economy studies, Development theory, Poverty. 759 Okore, A. O. "The dilemma of socioeconomic development in Africa with Nigeria as an example." In: African Development: The OAU/ECA Plan of Action and Beyond, edited by Ralph I. Onwuka, 'Layi Abegunrin, and Dhanjoo N. Ghista. Lawrenceville, Virginia: Brunswick, 1985. 40-52 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic inequality, International relations, Socioeconomic analysis. 760 Olofin, Sam. "Obstacles to African development." In: African Development Prospects: A Policy Modeling Approach, edited by Dominick Salvatore. New York: Taylor and Francis, 1989.97-115 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Economic development policy, International economic relations, Agricultural development, Investment policy, Trade balance. Examines the reasons and causes of the failure of the conscious and deliberate effort at development of postcolonial Africa. Analyzes such factors as the problems of a neglected agricultural sector, the limited savings and investment opportunities, and the unfavorable international economic environment with chronic balance of trade deficits. 761 Olopoenia, R. A. "Foreign investment and the growth rates of capital-importing countries: A technical note." The Nigerian Journal ofEconomics andSocial Studies 25, no. 2 (July 1983): 221-231. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Capital formation, Underdevelopment, Foreign investment, Economic growth rate. KEYWORDS: capital flow. 762 Olopoenia, R. A. "Some observations on the macro-economic implications of the budget in an oil-exporting developing economy." The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies 28, no. 3 (November 1986): 285-295. tables. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Oil industry, Balance of payments, Budget policy, Public sector, Foreign exchange. KEYWORDS: OPEC. States that in spite of the massive inflow of foreign exchange resources to OPEC during the 1970s and the first two years of the 1980s all of these countries are faced with varying degrees of balance of payments crises. 763 Olufokunbi, Banwo. "Pricing and operational efficiencies in poultry feed." The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies 23, no. 1 (March 1981): 53-80. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Price policy, Livestock production, Statistical analysis, Agricultural marketing. 764 Olukoshi, Adebayo O. 'The origins, nature and dimensions of the African debt crisis." In: The African Debt Crisis, edited by G. O. Olusanya and A. O. Olukoshi. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of

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International Affairs, 1989. 6-20 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic crisis, Debt crisis. KEYWORDS: IMF. Discusses the process of the formation of a debt crisis. Analyzes the nature and dimensions of Africa's foreign debt. Argues that only a fundamental restructuring away from dependence on imperialist powers will form a permanent solution to the problem.

Development Options for Africa in the 1980s and Beyond, edited by P. Ndegwa, L. P. Mureithi, and R. H. Green. Nairobi, Kenya: Oxford University Press, 1985. 213-222 pp. SUBJECTS: Development theory, Economic aid, International cooperation, Economic development, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: World Bank; IMF; Berg Report 1981.

765 Oluyemi-Kusa, Adedayo. "Structural adjustment and external debt management in Africa." In: The African Debt Crisis, edited by G. O. Olusanya and A. O. Olukoshi. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 1989. 49-61 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania, Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Government economic management, Budget policy. Provides a general assessment of structural adjustment programs in Africa, with case studies from Tanzania and Nigeria.

773 Onitiri, H. M. A. "Mobilising resources for the Lagos Plan of Action." In: Lagos Plan of Action and Africa's Future Economic Relations: Conference Proceedings, edited by ECA-Dalhousie Conference. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada: ECA-Dalhousie Conference, 1984. 1-11 pp. SUBJECTS: Development financing, Self-reliance, Economic crisis, Economic aid, Development policy. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980.

766 Ondo Ossa, Albert, and Alice Tshibuabua Lapiquonne. "Faut-il réformer la zone franc?" Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 215/216 (1983): 59-71. tables. ALSO COVERS: West Africa, Central Africa. SUBJECTS: M o n e t a r y policy, R e g i o n a l e c o n o m i c s , E c o n o m i c r e f o r m . KEYWORDS: Francophone Africa; CFA monetary area; UMOA. 767 Ondo Ossa, Albert. "La Problématique actuelle des taux d'intérêt dans le Tiers-Monde." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 225/226 (1984): 79-103. tables. SUBJECTS: Monetary policy, Debt crisis, Inflation, Debt financing. 768 Oni, J. A. "The African debt crisis: An annotated bibliography." In: The African Debt Crisis, edited by G. O. Olusanya and A. O. Olukoshi. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 1989.116-141 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Economic crisis, Debt crisis. An annotated bibliography, including papers, journal articles, books, and newspaper articles. 769 Onimode, Bade. A Political Economy of the African Crisis. London: Zed, 1988. 333 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Underdevelopment, Transnational corporations, Class formation, Industrialization, Foreign trade, Political economy studies, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: World Bank; IMF; capital flow. Documents decapitalization of Africa via capital export by transnational corporations. Discusses growing incongruity between development planning and the escalation of the African crisis. Outlines social and political failures of the African continent. 770 Onimode, Bade. ' T h e character of the crisis in Africa." Journal of African Marxists no. 10 (June 1987): 18-28. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Debt crisis, Agricultural production, Marxism, Dependency theory, Food policy. KEYWORDS: IMF; World Bank. Examines the external dimensions of the food and debt crisis in Africa. Suggests solutions, using Nigeria as a case study of how particular governments are responding to the crises. 771 Onimode, Bade. "The debt crisis: Imperialism's silent war of recolonisation in Africa." Journal of African Marxists no. 11 (February 1989): 8-23. tables. SUBJECTS: Marxist analysis, Imperialism, Debt financing, Economic crisis, International economic system, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: IMF; World Bank. Argues that Africa's debt crisis has led to the implementation of a number of structural adjustment programs that should be seen as new forms of imperialism. Maintains that the majority of Africans are unaware of the extent of the crisis and that political opposition must be organized to combat these programs. 772 Onitiri, H. M. A. "Foreign aid and African development." In:

774 Onoh, J. K. Money and Banking in Africa. London: Longman, 1982. 214 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Monetary policy, Monetary exchange, Banking policy, Financial system, Economic development, Finance policy. 775 Onwuka, Ralph I., 'Layi Abegunrin, and Dhanjoo N. Ghista, eds. African Development: The OAUIECA Lagos Plan of Action and Beyond. Lawrenceville, Virginia: Brunswick, 1985. 241 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic integration, International relations, Economic theory, Regionalism. KEYWORDS: OAU; Lagos Plan of Action 1980; ECA; ECOWAS. 776 Osipov, Yu. M. "Restructuring the international monetary order: Developing countries." Africa in Soviet Studies (1986): 25-42. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Monetary policy, Financial system. KEYWORDS: UN Monetary and Financial Conference 1948; special drawing rights; IMF; Bretton Woods. Calls for a restructuring of the international monetary system to assist in stabilizing prices and the debt crisis. Discusses the demonetarization of gold and the effect it would have on developing countries. Examines the role of special drawing rights in the financing of international debt and development. 777 Osoba, S. O. "OAU, the international community and the mortgaging of Africa's future development." In: African Development: The OAUIECA Plan of Action and Beyond, edited by Ralph I. Onwuka, 'Layi Abegunrin, and Dhanjoo N. Ghista. Lawrenceville, Virginia: Brunswick Publishing, 1985. 64-69 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic development, Finance. KEYWORDS: OAU; Lagos Plan of Action 1980. 778 Ossipov, Juri M. "The African debt crisis, structural adjustment, and economic development." In: Agenda for Action: African-SovietU.S. Cooperation, edited by Anatoly A. Gromyko and C. S. Whitaker. Boulder, Colorado: LynneRienner, 1990.77-85 pp. SUBJECTS: Debt crisis, Structural adjustment, Economic development, International cooperation. KEYWORDS: US-USSR relations. Describes Africa's debt problem and the internal and external factors causing it. Argues that structural adjustment based on the market must accommodate social realities. 779 Parkinson, F. "The International Monetary Fund in economic development: Equality and discrimination." Journal of African Law 26, no. 1 (Spring 1982): 21-48. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic aid, Economic policy. KEYWORDS: IMF. 780 Parkinson, John M., and Peter J. Rutherford. "Training the African manager: The role of the expatriate manager in Malawi." Journal of Contemporary African Studies 6, no. 1/2 (April/October 1987): 25-47. ALSO COVERS: Malawi. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Development policy, State-owned enterprise, Behavioral analysis, Management.

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Deals with the relationship between outside managerial trainers and Malawian managerial trainees in the larger picture of economic development in Malawi. 781 Patel, Surendra J. "Age of the Third World." Third World Quarterly 5, no. 1 (January 1983): 58-71. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic history, International economic system, Selfreliance. 782 Paye, Denis. "La Dette des pays en Afrique au sud du Sahara." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines241/242 (1986): 97-107. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Debt crisis, Economic development, Structural adjustment, Debt financing. KEYWORDS: IMF. Evaluates the evolution of the debt crisis from the 1960s to the mid-1980s. Assesses the degree to which liquid assets in the international community have contributed to the debt problem. Examines solutions to the debt crisis, including the IMF's structural adjustment program. 783 Pennant-Rea, Rupert. The African Burden. New York: Priority Press Publications, 1985. 55 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Debt financing, Debt crisis, Economic crisis, International finance. 784 Penouil, Marc. "Bilan des économies africaines au cours de la décennie 70." Année africaine (1981): 293-320. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Demographic analysis, Trade relations, Foreign trade, Debt crisis, Inflation. KEYWORDS: uneven trade. 785 Phiri, D. A. R. "The importance and role of effective private-sector management in the development of African countries." In: Management for Development: Priority Themes in Africa Today, edited by P. Ndegwa, L. P. Mureithi, and R. H. Green. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1987. 93-107 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Environmental analysis, Financial system, Industrial policy, Infrastructure, Price policy. Outlines the importance of effective private management in the African setting, its limitations at the time of independence, and the factors confronting management today. 786 Pickett, James. "The low-income economies of sub-Saharan Africa: Problems and prospects." In: Towards Economic Recovery in Sub-Saharan Africa: Essays in Honour of Robert Gardiner, edited by James Pickett and Hans Singer. London: Routledge, 1990. 215-266 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Ghana. SUBJECTS: Poverty, Income inequality, Economic growth rate, Government economic management, Economic policy. Documents poverty in Africa and Africa's failure to increase income. Seeks explanations for why Africa is poor and concludes that internal constraints in the form of government policy have been important inhibitors of growth. Uses the case of Ghana to support arguments. 787 Pinder, John. "Western Europe and the South: A question of political economy." Third World Quarterly 6, no. 1 (January 1984): 117-130. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic theory, International economic system, Economic management, Economic policy. KEYWORDS: EEC; UK-Africa relations; US-Africa relations. 788 Plane, Patrick. "Are sub-Saharan currencies overvalued?" In: Crisis and Recovery in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Tore Rose. Paris: OECD, 1985. 199-210 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Monetary policy, Foreign exchange. 789 Plane, Patrick. Exchange Rate Policies in Africa and the Requirements of Stabilization and Structural Adjustment. Ann Arbor, Michigan: Center for Research on Economic Development, Univer-

sity of Michigan, 1990.21 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign exchange, Monetary policy, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: exchange rate; devaluation. Reviews the exchange rate systems in Africa. Addresses exchange rate policy indicators. Evaluates the depreciation of African currencies and the impact on African economies, prices, account balances, and trade. 790 Plane, Patrick. "Financement des déséquilibres extérieurs: le cas de quatre économies sub-sahariennes." Afrique contemporaine 151, no. 4 (1989): 3-15. tables. SUBJECTS: Balance of payments, Economic management, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: CFA monetary area. Evaluates the extent of the structural imbalance in balance of payments financing in Kenya, Sudan, and two members of the CFAzone: the Côte d'Ivoire and Senegal. Claims that the monetary discipline attached to CFA zone membership has not precluded the emergence of imbalances as serious as those encountered in the other two countries with different exchange regimes. 791 Please, Stanley, and K. T. Amoaka. "World Bank's report on accelerated development in Sub-Saharan Africa: A critique of some of the criticism." The African Studies Review 27, no. 4 (December 1984): 47-58. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Poverty, Peasant class, Monetary policy, Self-sufficient economy, Price policy, Export policy. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; Berg Report 1981. 792 Poishikov, P. Capital Accumulation and Economic Growth in Developing Africa. Moscow; USSR: Progress, 1981. 206 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic analysis, Division of labor, Capitalism, Socialism, Capital accumulation, Foreign investment. 793 Rajana, Cecil. "Europe undermined: The Lomé response on evaluation of the EEC-ACP non-minerals arrangement." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 6, no. 2 (1981): 5-42. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic development, Mining, Economic dependency. KEYWORDS: Lomé Convention 1975; Lomé Convention 1979; ACP (African, Caribbean, and Pacific Countries); EEC. 794 Ramchandani, R. R. "Africa's debt problem and economic recovery programme: Some related issues." Africa Quarterly 27, no. 3/4 (1987/1988): 1-18. tables. SUBJECTS: Debt crisis, Structural adjustment, Dependency theory, Economic recovery, Debt financing. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980. States the severity of Africa's debt problem. Traces the causes of the crisis to economic programs that provide short-term solutions to internal, not external, problems. Explores alternative solutions. Recommends the Lagos Plan of Action as a model of development. 795 Ramchandani, R. R. "Breaking the bonds of dependence: LPA goals." Africa Quarterly 28, no. 3/4 (1988-1989): 1-13. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Economic theory, Economic dependency. KEYWORDS: African Priority Programme for Economic Recovery 1985; UN Programme of Action for African Economic Recovery and Development 1986; Lagos Plan of Action 1980; UN. States that economic recovery programs recommended by the World Bank, the IMF, the UN, and the OAU fail to address the structural bottlenecks of African economies the way the Lagos Plan of Action did. Describes the failures of the structural adjustment programs and recommends the Lagos Plan of Action again. 796 Ramchandani, R. R. "Internal factors of Africa's economic crisis." In: Africa: Dimensions of the Economic Crisis, edited by Shanti Sadiq Ali and Anirudha Gupta. London: Oriental University Press, 1987. 34-47 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Dependency theory, Economic development, Population growth,

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Economic crisis. KEYWORDS: OAU; Lagos Plan of Action 1980. Examines the important variables of the dependency syndrome: ecological constraints, population growth, neglect of agriculture, and preference for cash crops. Stresses the importance of collective selfreliance as a viable strategy for breaking Africa's colonial moorings. 797 Ravenhill, John. "Adjustment and growth: A fragile consensus." The Journal of Modern African Studies 26, no. 2 (June 1988): 179-210. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Plantation economy, Raw materials, Population growth, Export economy, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: OAU; World Bank; IMF. Discusses the nominal commitments by the international community to provide Africa with additional financial assistance and by African governments to implement reform programs. Concludes that adjustment with growth is a strategy that will be given only limited time to produce the desired results. 798 Ray, Donald I., Peter Shinnie, and Donovan Williams, eds. Into the 80s: The Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Conference of the Canadian Association of African Studies. Vol. 2 of 2. Vancouver, Canada: Tantalus Research, 1981.254 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Political economy studies, Urbanization, Capitalist economy, Women's studies, Health care system, Religion. KEYWORDS: human geography; social anthropology. 799 Rembe, N. S. "Prospects for the realization of the New International Economic Order: An African perspective." The Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa 17, no. 3 (November 1984): 322-339. SUBJECTS: Economic development, International economic relations, Capitalism, Economic relations. KEYWORDS: New International Economic Order; UN. 800 Rimmer, Douglas. "Africa's economic future." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 88, no. 351 (April 1989): 175185. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Economic development policy. Notes the difficulties of making any economic predictions, and the failures of past predictions. Names a few requirements for development in Africa. Argues that political remedies to Africa's problems are more necessary than economic ones, and thus recommends peace, security, and responsible government. 801 Rimmer, Douglas. "The politics of Africa's economic crisis." Africanus 19, no. 1/2 (1989): 14-33. tables. SUBJECTS: Political crisis, Economic crisis, Government economic management. Discusses why Africa is poorer than any other part of the world and what can be done to overturn this situation. Attends in particular to the crises of the 1980s. Stresses the importance of exports to Africa's future and explores government economic mismanagement. 802 Roemer, Michael. "Economic development in Africa: Performance since independence, and a strategy for the future." Dcedalus 111, no. 2 (1982): 125-148. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic growth policy, Export policy, Development planning, Import substitution, Entrepreneurship. KEYWORDS: African socialism. 803 Rose, Tore, ed. Crisis and Recovery in Sub-Saharan Africa. Paris: OECD, 1985. 335 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Agricultural development, Trade policy, Banking policy, Economic integration, Private sector, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). 804 Rotberg, Robert, ed. Africa in the 1990s and Beyond: U. S. Policy Opportunities and Choices. Algonac, Michigan: Reference Publications, 1988. 309 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, Debt crisis, Economic development, Ethnic conflict, Famine, Food aid. KEYWORDS: US-Africa relations; USSR-Africa relations; AIDS. Analyzes US policy toward Africa and suggests a US focus on

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the African problems of the debt crisis, the arms race, AIDS, food shortages, environmental degradation, and population pressures. 805 Roy, Sumit. "Structural adjustment programmes, the economy and the rural sector." Africa Quarterly 30, no. 1/2 (1990): 1-12. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Rural population, Economic recession. KEYWORDS: IMF; World Bank. Considers the origins of structural adjustment programs, their formulation by international agencies, their impact on the rural sector, and the questions they raise. 806 Rurihose, Ndeshyo, Ntumba Luaba, and Dhendonga Dheba. L'Antidérive de l'Afrique en désarroi. Kinshasa, Zaire: Presses Universitaires de Zaire, 1985. 473 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic dependency, National development, Regional cooperation. KEYWORDS: OAU; Lagos Plan of Action 1980; CEA (Communauté Economique Africaine); collective self-sufficiency. 807 Russett, Bruce. "Dimensions of resource dependence: Some elements of rigor in concept and policy analysis." International Organization 38, no. 3 (1984): 481-500. SUBJECTS: Economic development policy, Raw materials, Economic dependency. 808 Ruttan, Vernon W. "Integrated rural development programmes: A historical perspective." World Development 12, no. 4 (April 1984): 393-401. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Food scarcity, Human resources development, Income distribution, Integrated rural development, Basic needs, Economic growth rate. 809 Rwegasira, Delphin G. "Exchange rates and the management of the external sector in Sub-Saharan Africa." The Journal of Modern African Studies 22, no. 3 (September 1984): 451-467. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Balance of payments, Foreign exchange, A g r i c u l t u r a l sector, F o r e i g n trade, M a n u f a c t u r i n g sector. KEYWORDS: IMF; FAO; tourism. 810 Rycx, Jean François. "Les Rapports d'investissement entre les pays du Golfe et les états Arabes d'Afrique." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 24 (1987): 244-270. tables. ALSO COVERS: North Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Oil industry, Investment policy, Economic development, Development financing, Private investment, Arab nations. KEYWORDS: Pan-Arabism; Islamic banks; ArabAfrica relations; FADES (Fonds Arabe pour le Développement Economique et Social). States that 90 percent of oil revenues in 1980 fell to six nations who raised their aid to developing nations significantly. Examines the investment strategies of these nations. Considers public and private investment strategies and the role of development funds. Stresses investments in Arab enterprises and Arab-African states. 811 Saddy, Fehmy. "OPEC capital surplus funds and Third World indebtedness: The recycling strategy reconsidered." Third World Quarterly A, no. 4 (October 1982): 736-757. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Investment policy, International economic system, Debt financing, Oil industry. KEYWORDS: OPEC; US-Africa relations. 812 Sakbani, M. M. "Critique of the prevailing monetary system: Principal themes of a reformed system." Third World Quarterly 3, no. 3 (July 1981): 460-472. SUBJECTS: International relations, International economic system, Finance, Monetary policy, Banking. KEYWORDS: Bretton Woods. 813 Salvatore, Dominick, ed. African Development Prospects: A Policy Modeling Aproach. New York: Taylor and Francis, 1989. 476 pp. tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Development theory, Economic crisis, Political economy studies, Economic development, Agricultural economics, Development planning.

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Explores the crisis of development in postcolonial African countries. Examines the different factors, national as well as international, as explainable causes and origins of the failure of the development programs and the socioeconomic stagnation of almost all the African sub-Saharan countries.

Africa: Proletarian Internationalism vs. "Mutual Advantage." Boston, Massachusetts: African Studies Center, Boston University, 1985. 38 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Political economy studies, International relations, Diplomatic relations, Economic relations, Political theory. KEYWORDS: East Germany-Africa relations.

814 Salvatore, Dominick. "The African crisis." In: African Development Prospects: A Policy Modeling Approach, edited by Dominick Salvatore. New York: Taylor and Francis, 1989.15-35 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Economic crisis, Crisis management, Economic development, Food scarcity, Socioeconomic analysis. Addresses the desperate socioeconomic crisis in sub-Saharan African nations. Examines the origins and causes of the crisis as well as the inadequacy of development programs undertaken after independence.

822 Seidman, Ann. Money, Banking, and Public Finance in Africa. London: Zed, 1986. 363 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Finance, International finance, Banking, Socialism, Development financing, Monetary policy, Taxation policy. KEYWORDS: World Bank; IMF. Aims to provide a framework for analyzing the causes underlying the African financial crisis. Asserting that no theory can provide a blueprint to solve these crises, proposes a problem-solving methodology. Compares socialist versus capitalist development models, concluding that the socialist model can often look like the most appropriate model for Africa.

815 Samatar, Ahmed L. "Africa: Is there hope?" Ufahamu 14, no. 2 (1985): 9-20. biblio. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic system, Economic recession, Self-reliance. 816 Sandbrook, Richard. "State and economic stagnation in tropical Africa." World Development 14, no. 3 (March 1986): 319-332. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Self-reliance, Capital accumulation, Political instability, Free market, Authoritarian government, Colonialism. Analyzes the economically destructive tendency of personal rule, which results in the corrosion of bureaucratic and legal rationality and misallocation of scarce public resources. Concludes that this causes a downward political-economic spiral difficult to reverse. 817 Schatz, Sayre P. "African capitalism and African economic performance." In: The Crisis and Challenge of African Development, edited by Harvey Glickman. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood, 1988. 62-85 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Capitalist development. Examines the ability of African capitalism to generate the powerful development thrust needed to overcome unsatisfactory economic performance. 818 Schatz, Sayre P. "Funding the African-development multiplier." The Journal of Modern African Studies 26, no. 1 (March 1988): 132-150. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic dependency, Foreign aid, Trade policy, Manufacturing sector. KEYWORDS: ECA; IMF; devaluation. Deals with three funding-related topics: who is responsible for Africa's economic crisis, how much external financing Africa needs and should request, and what the probable productivity of such funding would be. Develops the concept of an African-development multiplier. 819 Schechter, Michael G. "Leadership in international organizations: Systemic, organizational and personality factors." Review of International Studies 13, no. 3 (1987): 197-220. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Underdevelopment, International finance, Banking, North-South relations. KEYWORDS: McNamara, Robert S.; UNESCO; World Bank; M'Bow, Amadou-Mahter. Addresses the sources of successful and unsuccessful international organization leadership in the 1970s and 1980s, using several cases, two of which include the tenures of Robert S. McNamara at the World Bank and Amadou-Mahter M'Bow at UNESCO. 820 Schoenholtz, Andrew. "The I.M.F. in Africa: Unnecessary and undesirable Western restraints on development." The Journal of Modern African Studies 25, no. 3 (September 1987): 403-433. SUBJECTS: Economic development. KEYWORDS: IMF. Urges IMF reforms, including a réévaluation of loan criteria and a greater sensitization of IMF staff to Third World realities. 821 Schulz, Brigitte. East German Relations with

Sub-Saharan

823 Sen, Yima. "The political factor in the Third World debt crisis." In: The African Debt Crisis, edited by G. O. Olusanya and A. O. Olukoshi. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 1989. 92-115 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Economic crisis, Debt crisis, Political economy studies. KEYWORDS: New International Economic Order. Uses a political economy approach to emphasize the political framework for the debt problem. Looks at options to indebtedness and proposes a radical approach for Nigeria. 824 Sender, John, and Sheila Smith. The Development of Capitalism in Africa. London: Methuen, 1986.177 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Capitalism, Capitalist development, Wage policy, Industrialization. Analyzes social and economic changes in Africa using the Marxist methodology concerning the analytical significance of internal as opposed to external forces. 825 Sender, John, and Sheila Smith. "What's right with the Berg Report and what's left of its criticisms?" In: World Recession and the Food Crisis in Africa, edited by Peter Lawrence. London: James Currey, 1986.114-128 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, International economic system, Monetary exchange, Trade policy, Debt financing. KEYWORDS: Berg Report 1981. Presents the major criticisms of the Berg report. Examines the points of the report that have proven themselves useful in policy development. 826 Shaw, Timothy M. "Africa and the environment: The political economy of resources." The African Review 9, no. 1 (1982): 104-124. SUBJECTS: Underdevelopment, Economic growth rate, Social change, Economic inequality, Mining, Economic dependency, PanAfricanism. 827 Shaw, Timothy M., and Don Munton. "Africa's futures: A comparison of forecasts." In: Alternative Futures for Africa, edited by Timothy M. Shaw. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1982. 37-92 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic inequality, Academic research, Foreign policy, Models. KEYWORDS: ForresterMeadows limits-to-growth model; Mesarovic-Pestel world model; Bariloche Latin American world model; Leontief UN model; ECA. 828 Shaw, Timothy M. "African crisis: Debates and dialectics over alternative development strategies for the continent." In: Africa in Economic Crisis, edited by John Ravenhill. London: Macmillan, 1986. 108-126 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic crisis, International relations. KEYWORDS: ECA; Lagos Plan of Action 1980; Berg Report 1981; World Bank. Analyzes the character of the current African crisis situation and examines the Lagos Plan of Action as well as the World Bank's

AFRICA/Economics • 5 5

"Accelerated Development" report as responses to the continental crisis. 829 Shaw, Timothy M., and Paul Goulding. "Alternative scenarios for Africa." In: Alternative Futures for Africa, edited by Timothy M. Shaw. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1982. 93-130 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic dependency, Economic development. KEYWORDS: EC A. 830 Shaw, Timothy M. "Are the 1980s characterised by crisis and/or conjuncture?" In: Africa Projected: From Recession to Renaissance by the Year 2000? edited by Timothy M. Shaw and Olajide Aluko. London: Macmillan, 1985. 3-13 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic crisis, Economic dependency, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; OAU; EC A; New International Economic Order. 831 Shepherd, George W. "The African right to development: World policy and the debt crisis." Africa Today 37, no. 4 (1990): 5-14. SUBJECTS: Debt crisis, Structural adjustment, Human rights, Research methodology, Project design. KEYWORDS: UN Declaration on the Right to Development 1986; University of Denver Center on Development Rights. Presents the research intentions of a project out of the University of Denver's Center on Development Rights. Describes the right to development approach and lists eight basic rights. Advances the project design and methodology for considering the right to development in Africa. 832 Sheth, N. R. "Concept of management for development: Flexibility and integration." In: Management for Development: Priority Themes in Africa Today, edited by P. Ndegwa, L. P. Mureithi, and R. H. Green. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1987. 38-41 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Transnational corporations, Economic policy, Management, Development policy. Discusses conceptual issues relating to management as a process of scarce resource procurement, allocation, and utilization. Focuses on the relationship between the state and government in the process of development. 833 Singh, Ajit. "A commentary on the IMF and World Bank policy programme." In: World Recession and the Food Crisis in Africa, edited by Peter Lawrence. London: James Currey, 1986. 104-113 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic crisis, Debt crisis, Debt financing, Economic recession, International economic system, Credit policy, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: IMF; devaluation; World Bank. Examines the validity of the IMF/World Bank programs for correcting external disequilibrium in relation to centrally planned economies. Specifically addresses the issue of currency devaluation. 834 Singh, Ajit. "Industrialization in Africa: A structuralist view." In: Industry and Accumulation in Africa, edited by Martin Fransman. London: Heinemann Educational Books, 1982. 24-37 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Industrialization, Industrial production, State-owned enterprise. KEYWORDS: ILO; UNCTAD; structuralist theory. 835 Singh, Harjinder. "Economic crisis in sub-Saharan Africa." Africa Quarterly 26, no. 2/4 (1986/1987): 52-69. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic crisis, Population growth, Food scarcity, Debt crisis. KEYWORDS: deforestation; minerals. Examines the factors of negative economic growth, economic stagnation, population explosion, food crisis, deforestation, and the mounting external debt in the economic crisis in Africa. Discusses the paradoxical relationship between Africa's great mineral wealth and its poverty. 836 Sklar, Richard L. "Beyond capitalism and socialism in Africa."

The Journal of Modern African Studies 26, no. 1 (March 1988): 1-21. SUBJECTS: Capitalist development, Marxism, Standard of living, Labor union, Socialist development, Mixed economy. KEYWORDS: S ACP; World Bank; public services; democratic socialism; COS ATU (Congress of South African Trade Unions). Discusses the great competition between capitalism and socialism in Africa. Concludes that African countries need private capital, purposeful state participation, powerful incentives, and public responsibility for general standard of living, which can be met only by a mix of capitalism and socialism. 837 Smith, Sheila. "Stories about the world economy: The quest for the grail." Third World Quarterly 4, no. 3 (July 1982): 492-501. SUBJECTS: International economic relations, Self-reliance, Economic dependency, Colonialism, Economic theory. KEYWORDS: technological dependency; supply-side economics. 838 Snider, Lewis W. "The political performance of Third World governments and the debt crisis." American Political Science Review 84, no. 4 (December 1990): 1263-1280. tables. SUBJECTS: Debt crisis, Structural adjustment, Foreign aid, Government economic management, Political analysis, Debt financing. Argues that political weakness and the politicization of economic policy have been the main causes of the debt crisis in Third World countries. Develops a model to show how political capability correlates with debt servicing and uses it to predict failures of debt servicing. 839 Soete, Luc. "Technological dependency: A critical review." Les Cahiers du CEDAF no. 5/6 (1981): 13-36. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Technology transfer, Economic dependency, North-South relations. 840 Sonko, Karamo N. M. "Debt in the eye of a storm: The African crisis in a global context." Africa Today 37, no. 4 (1990): 15-28. tables. SUBJECTS: Debt crisis, International economic system, Economic crisis. Analyzes the breadth and depth of the African debt crisis and its causes, context, and solutions. Demonstrates the costs of the debt burden for African countries. 841 Sparks, Donald L. "African parastatals: Public enemy or economic savior?" African Studies Association Papers 25, no. 109 (November 1982): 1-16. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Private sector, Political control, Civil service, Stateowned enterprise, Employment. KEYWORDS: OAU; South-South relations. 842 Sparks, Donald L. "Economic liberalization in Africa: A permanent condition or a passing fancy?" African Studies Association Papers 29, no. 94 (October/November 1986): 1-15. biblio. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic crisis, Economic policy, Agricultural development, Government economic management, Private sector. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; IMF; TAPO (Tanzanian Association of Parastatal Organizations). Discusses Africa's crisis in development since the 1970s, with a look to the recent trend of economic liberalization in some African countries. 843 Steel, William, and Jonathan Evans. Industrialization in SubSaharan Africa: Strategies and Performance. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1984. 91 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Economic development, Industrial development, Industrialization, Public investment. 844 Stewart, Frances. "Should conditionality change?" In: The IMF and the World Bank in Africa: Conditionality, Impact, and Alternatives, edited by Kjell J. Havnevik. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1987. 29-45 pp. SUBJECTS: Credit

56 •

AFRICA/Economics

policy, Foreign aid, Economic development, International economic system. KEYWORDS: IMF; World Bank. Assesses whether the influence of conditionality has been exerted in the best interest of individual countries and also of the world economy. Reviews aspects of conditionality in the 1980s and developments in countries experiencing conditionality. Questions whether preferable alternatives could be developed. 845 Sudrie, Olivier. "L'Apport des modéles prévisionnels dans l'étude des perspectives économiques de 1' Afrique á l'horizon 2000." Afrique contemporaine 146 (1988): 38-49. tables. SUBJECTS: Models, Economic policy, Economic development. KEYWORDS: economic projections. Examines a series of econometric models for Africa. Defines an ideal model for predicting the economic situation of Africa in the year 2000. Argues the importance of disassociating short-term problems from long-term prospects. Emphasizes crisis management and discourages a reliance on established theory. 846 Sutcliffe, Bob. "Africa and the world economic crisis." In: World Recession and the Food Crisis in Africa, edited by Peter Lawrence. London: James Currey, 1986. 18-28 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Economic crisis, Debt financing, Debt crisis. Maintains that the slow economic decline experienced by African nations since 1973 has been fundamentally different from the worldwide recession. Examines solutions to the problem and holds that internal reforms are more critical than international changes. 847 Tankoana, Amadou. "Les contraintes et entraves des relations interafricaines pour le développement." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique 98, no. 798 (October/December 1988): 483-495. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic development, Regional integration, Underdevelopment, Foreign trade, Uneven development, Development financing. KEYWORDS: balkanization. Explores the balkanization of the African continent since independence. Addresses the continuation of a system that perpetuated the development of underdevelopment throughout the continent. 848 T e d a j o , Joseph. "Commerce, change et regulation des économies africaines au suddu Saharaau cours des années 80 "Africa Development!Afrique et développement 7, no. 1/2 (1982): 60-77. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Foreign trade, Import policy, Monetary policy. KEYWORDS: Berg Report 1981; Lagos Plan of Action 1980. 849 Tovias, Alfred. The European Communities Single Market: The Challenge of1992 for Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1990. 65 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic interdependence, Trade policy, Export market, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: Europe-Africa relations. Analyzes the impact of the creation of the single European market on sub-Saharan Africa. Notes that more than half of Africa's trade is with the European Community and both the two are very closely linked economically. States that safer investment opportunities in southern Spain could divert investment away from Africa unless a more attractive investment climate is developed. 850 Toyo, Eskor. "Recovery from economic decline: Lessons for a developing economy." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 12, no. 3 (1987): 5-50. tables, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Capitalist economy, Oil industry, Centrally planned economy, Industrialization. KEYWORDS: IMF; Keynes, John Maynard. Assesses economic declines in capitalist developing countries with special reference to Nigeria. Asserts that a Keynesian approach to solving economic crises often does more harm than good, as does structural adjustment. Argues for reduction both of imports as well as of dependency upon the West.

851 Ubogu, Roland Ekotome. "Potency of monetary and fiscal policy instruments on economic activities of African countries." Savings and Development9, no. 4 (1985): 441-457. tables. SUBJECTS: Monetary policy, Fiscal policy, Statistical analysis. 852 UNIDO. External Indebtedness: Another Dimension of the African Debt. New York: UNIDO, 1985. 58 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic crisis, Debt financing, Debt crisis, Development financing, Economic analysis. 853 UNIDO. Industry and External Debt in Africa: A Preliminary Analysis. New York: UNIDO, 1985. 78 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Debt financing, Development financing, Industrial development, Statistical analysis, Development theory. 854 UNIDO. "Recent industrial development in Africa." In: Industry and Accumulation in Africa, edited by Martin Fransman. London: Heinemann, 1982. 386-415 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Statistical analysis, Economic analysis, Industrial production, Manufacturing sector. 855 US Congress. House. Committee on Banking, Financing, and Urban Affairs. To Provide for a United States Contribution to the Special Facility for Sub-Saharan Africa Administered by the International Development Association, Ninety-ninth Congress, First Session. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1985.142 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Government regulation, Private investment, Foreign aid, Economic development. KEYWORDS: USAfrica relations. 856 USSR Academy of Sciences, ed. US Economic Expansion: Asia and Africa. Moscow, USSR: Social Sciences Today Editorial Board, 1986.168 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Neocolonialism, Colonialism, International economic system, Economic inequality. KEYWORDS: US-Africa relations. Examines economic relations between the US and Africa. Discusses topics such as economic factors in US-African policy, Africa's penetration by US corporations, neocolonialism, and the exploitation of natural resources. 857 Vallee, Olivier. "LaDette africaine: á 1' aune du risque politique." Politique africaine no. 32 (December 1988): 98-104. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Debt crisis, Debt financing, Banking, International economic relations. KEYWORDS: World Bank; IMF. Traces Africa's debt trap, which increased at an alarming rate in the 1970s. Examines measures banks and African debtor nations have undertaken to resolving the debt crisis. Analyzes global policies that seek to restructure African economies. 858 Velayudham, T. K. "Development banking and African experience." In: Development Issues in Africa, edited by Priya MutalikDesai. Bombay, India: Himalaya Publishing House, 1982. 181-201 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Banking, Financial system, Economic growth rate. KEYWORDS: NDC (National Development Corporation); Tanzania Rural Development Bank. 859 Vergopoules, Kostao. "L'Agriculture périphérique dans le nouvel ordre international." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 6, no. 3 (1981): 74-98. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Transnational corporations, Economic theory. KEYWORDS: Keynes, John Maynard; core-periphery relations. 860 Vigand, V. K. "Africa's exploitation by foreign private capital." Africa in Soviet Studies (1987): 79-88. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Private investment, Foreign investment, Foreign capital, Natural resource management. KEYWORDS: capital flow. Examines the changes in the exploitation of Africa by private

AFRICA/Economics • 5 7 foreign capital, predetermined by the alterations in the structure of the export of capital to the continent. Looks at three periods of capital inflow: the opening of African economies to foreign capital, the growing dependence on this capital flow, and the beginning of the African debt crisis. 861 Vink, N. "Lifting physical and institutional barriers to development on a small-scale irrigation scheme." Development Southern Africa 1, no. 3/4 (November 1984): 439-449. biblio. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Development policy, Investment policy, Land tenure system, Market system, Irrigation, Agricultural cooperatives. 862 Vogel, Robert C., and Paul Burkett. "Deposit mobilization in developing countries: The impact of reciprocity in lending." The Journal of Developing Areas 20, no. 4 (July 1986): 425-438. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Credit policy, Finance, Monetary policy. KEYWORDS: postal savings; Rotating Savings and Credit Associations; credit associations. Using data from the RSA, Kenya, Sudan, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, and Gambia, asserts that access to credit may be an important determinant in the selection of deposit institutions by savers and especially by non weal thy households in developing countries. Notes the efficiency gains resulting from economies of scope and group effects involved in lending to depositors. 863 Vratusa, A. "Development process: The importance of publicenterprise management." In: Management for Development: Priority Themes in Africa Today, edited by P. Ndegwa, L. P. Mureithi, and R. H. Green. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1987. 63-71 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Women's studies, Economic policy, Management. KEYWORDS: International Centre for Public Enterprises. Comments on the inadequacy of future external resource flows and the need to raise levels of national and regional self-reliance. Analyzes public enterprises in developing countries, their structures, efficiency, and managerial processes. 864 Wad, Atul. "Science, technology and industrialization in Africa." Third World Quarterly 6, no. 2 (April 1984): 327-350. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Industrial development, Economic crisis, Research and development, Policy analysis. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; CODESRIA (Council for Development of Economic and Social Research in Africa). 865 Wagacha, Mbui. "Adjustment under crisis conditions in Africa: IMF views and the African Monetary Fund concept." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 10, no. 1/2 (1985): 5-35. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic crisis, Foreign aid, Balance of payments, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: IMF; African Monetary Fund. 866 Walter, H. -U. "The struggle of the young nation states of sub-Saharan Africa for economic sovereignty: Contradictions, trends, and prospects." In: African Studies: Afrika-Studien, edited by Gerhard Brehme and Thea Büttner. Berlin, Germany: Akademie-Verlag, 1983. 253-267 pp. SUBJECTS: International economic relations, Economic development, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: UN. 867 Wamalwa, William N. 'The impact of structural adjustment programs on the performance of Africa's public services." In: Economic Restructuring and African Public Administration: Issues, Actions and Future Choices, edited by M. Jide Balogun and Gelase Mutahaba. West Hartford, Connecticut: Kumarian, 1989.109-119 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Public administration, Government economic management. KEYWORDS: public services. Examines the main components of structural adjustment policies and the type of problems that the policies were meant to solve. Focuses

on the adverse consequences of structural adjustment on public administration and management. 868 Wangwe, S. M. "Sub-Saharan Africa: Which economic strategy TThirdWorld Quarterly 6, no. 4 (October 1984): 1033-1059. SUBJECTS: Economic development, International economic system, Agricultural development, Industrial development, Political instability, Economic policy. 869 Weede, Erich. "Political democracy, state strength and economic growth in LDCs: A cross national analysis." Review of International Studies 10, no. 4 (1984): 297-312. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Democratization, Economic growth rate, Political participation, Underdevelopment, Import substitution, Human resources development. 870 Weede, Erich. "Rent seeking, military participation, and economic performance in LDCs." The Journal of Conflict Resolution 30, no. 2 (1986): 291-314. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Resource distribution, Military policy, Income distribution, Economic growth policy. Discusses the effect of rent seeking, among them a distortion of incentives and prices, resulting in international rivalries and threats to national security. Includes regression analyses of cross-national data for the 1970s in thirty underdeveloped countries. 871 Weinert, Richard S. "International finance: Banks and bankruptcy." Foreign Policy no. 50 (1983): 138-149. SUBJECTS: Economic development, International economic relations, Banking, Development financing. KEYWORDS: World Bank; New International Economic Order. 872 Wessel, Robert H. 'The Morgan-Mexico and African Development Bank plans and the problem of sub-Saharan African debt." Savings and Development 12, no. 3 (1988): 235-248. SUBJECTS: Debt crisis, National planning policy, Development financing. KEYWORDS: ADB (African Development Bank); J. P. Morgan and Company. Argues that growth in Africa cannot be achieved without a reduction in debt. Addresses the plans to reduce debt burdens without reducing access to further financing, plans such as those of the African Development Bank. Suggests how the Morgan-Mexico plan might apply to African problems. 873 Wessel, Robert H. 'Toward an ultimate solution of sub-Saharan Africa's debt problem." Savings and Development 13 (1989): 109118. SUBJECTS: Debt crisis, Foreign aid, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: ADB (African Development Bank). Describes debt as one of Africa's three biggest problems. States that two-thirds of Africa's debt is owed to official rather than private banks. Insists that official debt be forgiven but with conditions attached. 874 Wickins, Peter Lionel. Africa, 1880-1980: An Economic History. Cape Town, RSA: Oxford University Press, 1986. 321 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Historical analysis, Economic history, Development policy. Examines the economic history of Africa from 1880 until the 1980s, broken down into ten-year periods. Discusses the partition and consolidation of colonial powers, the two world wars and the Great Depression, the period of decolonization, and the years since independence. 875 Williams, Gavin. "Les Contradictions de la Banque Mondiale et la crise de l'Etat en Afrique." In: L'Etat contemporain en Afrique, edited by Emmanuel Terray. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1987. 359-382 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Development financing, Development planning, Banking policy. KEYWORDS: World Bank; IMF.

58 • AFRIC A/Economic s Analyzes the World Bank as it presents itself in the role of an international development agency in Africa. Claims that despite such development-oriented activities, the World Bank remains a financial institution and has obligations as such. Looks at the historical involvement of the World Bank in Africa. 876 Williams, Gavin. "Rural development: Partners and adversaries." Rural Africana no. 25/26 (Spring/Fall 1986): 11-23. biblio. SUBJECTS: Centrally planned economy, Rural development, Economic management. Explains why failed policies continue to be imposed on peasants from outside. States that while peasants are usually more knowledgeable about local production conditions and assessing costs, risks, and benefits of technologies, they remain outside policymaking and administrative authority. 877 Williamson, John. "Prospects for the flow of IMF finance." In: African Debt and Financing, edited by Carol Lancaster and John Williamson. Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics, 1986. 134-141 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Banking, Debt crisis, Debt financing, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: IMF. Reviews the pattern of IMF lending to Africa and debt repayment by African countries. Projects financial flows between the IMF and Africa through the 1980s. Argues that it would be wrong for the IMF to withdraw from involvement in Africa. 878 Wilson, Ernest, in. "African governments between international and domestic markets." Rural Africana no. 19/20 (Spring/Fall 1984): 81-98. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic planning, Trade policy, Free market. 879 Wilson, Ernest, in. "Privatization in Africa: Domestic origins, current status and future scenarios." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 16, no. 2 (1988): 24-29. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic reform, Privatization, Political economy studies. KEYWORDS: economic liberalization. Focuses on the domestic political conditions in Africa in the 1960s and 1970s that made economic reform and privatization inevitable in the 1980s and 1990s. Provides selected illustrations of current privatization practices. 880 Wionczek, Miguel S. "The Brandt Report." Third World Quarterly 3, no. 1 (January 1981): 104-118. SUBJECTS: Economic development, International economic relations, Industrialization, Monetary policy, International finance. KEYWORDS: Brandt Commission Report 1980; energy policy. 881 Wodie, Francis. "The African Development Bank and the African Development Fund." In: African Regional Organizations, edited by Domenico Mazzeo. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1984. 85-102 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Investment policy, Regional integration, Economic development, Financial system. KEYWORDS: ADB (African Development Bank); AFDF (African Development Fund). 882 Wood, Robert E. "Debt crisis and North-South relations." Third World Quarterly 6, no. 3 (July 1984): 703-716. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, International economic system, Debt financing, Economic dependency, North-South relations. KEYWORDS: IMF; World Bank. 883 World Bank. Accelerated Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Agenda for Action. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1981. 198 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic policy, Agricultural development, Human resources development, Industrial development, Foreign aid, Population growth. KEYWORDS: World Bank. 884 World Bank. Making Adjustment

Work for the Poor: A

Framework for Policy Reform in Africa. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1990.141 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Poverty, Reform, Economic policy, Income distribution. KEYWORDS: SDA (Social Dimensions of Adjustment Program). An effort by the SDA aimed at integrating social issues into economic decisionmaking in Africa. Describes structural adjustment efforts and their negative effects on households. Makes specific recommendations sector by sector for a more poverty-sensitive adjustment program. 885 World Bank. Toward Sustained Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Joint Program of Action. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1984. 102 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Statistical analysis, Economic development, Foreign aid, Agricultural production, International cooperation, Economic interdependence, Debt financing. 886 Yachir, F., ed. Technologie et industrialisation en Afrique/Technology and Industrialization in Africa. Dakar, Senegal: CODESRIA, 1981. 332 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign investment, Economic development, Industrial development, Technology transfer, Economic dependency, Capitalist development. 887 Young, Frank W., and Timothy Nolan. "Exports and urban centers in sub-Saharan Africa: Subnational comparisions for 1900 data." African Urban Quarterly 1, no. 3/4 (August/November 1986): 166-175. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Urbanization, Export policy, Foreign exchange. KEYWORDS: comparative advantage; minerals. Examines statistically new data on exports and urbanization; asserts that exports do not have a significantly detrimental effect on the economy. 888 Zarour, Charbel. La Coopération arabo-africaine. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1989. 314 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: International economic relations, Trade relations, Investment policy, Financial system, Banking. KEYWORDS: Africa-Arab countries relations. Addresses the economic cooperation between the Arab countries (oil producers) and the African countries south of the Sahara. Examines the involvement of the different Arab financing and banking systems in helping the development of African countries. 889 Zulu, Justin B., and Saleh M. Nsouli. Adjustment Programs in Africa: The Recent Experience. Washington, DC: IMF, 1985. 37 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Somalia, Mali. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Case study, Economic analysis, Monetary policy, Export policy. KEYWORDS: IMF. SEE ALSO 4931, 5787, 5794, 5798, 6318, 8590, 10530, 12914, 15401.

Education

890 ACCT. Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique. Etudes africaines en Europe: bilan et inventaire. 2 vols. Paris: Karthala, 1981. 1369 pp. tables. SUBJECTS : Education policy, Research and development, Academic research. KEYWORDS: African studies. 891 Adams, Milton, and Susan Kruppenback. Some Issues of Access and Equity in the Education of African Females: Progress and Prospects. East Lansing, Michigan: Michigan State University, 1986. 30 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Women and development, Education opportunity, Primary education, Women's economic role, Education system. KEYWORDS: UN Decade for Women, Equality, Development, and Peace 1975-1985. Examines the status of women's participation in formal education

AFRICA/Education • 59 in Africa at the close of the International Decade for Women. Indicates that a growing number of women are getting access to primary education needed for general development but that this access is tied to national economic development.

901 Brann, Conrad B. Language Policy Planning and Management in Africa: A Select Bibliography. Quebec, Quebec, Canada: International Center for Research on Bilingualism, Laval University, 1983. 81 pp. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Language policy, Literacy.

892 Adams, Milton N. "Behavioral objectives, processes and outcomes in African traditional education." Présence africaine 125 (1983): 133-144. SUBJECTS: Informal education, Traditional society, Education system, Behavioral analysis. KEYWORDS: vocational education.

902 Bray, Mark. "Policies and progress towards Universal Primary Education." The Journal of Modern African Studies 19, no. 4 (December 1981): 547-563. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Education opportunity, Education system, Primary education. KEYWORDS: universal primary education.

893 Adepoju, Aderanti. "Education for development in Africa: Problems and prospects." In: Démocratisation of National Development in Africa, edited by Albert Tévoédjrè. Geneva, Switzerland: International Institute for Labour Studies, 1983. 75-84 pp. SUBJECTS: Women's rights, Education policy, Education opportunity, Education reform. KEYWORDS: education financing.

903 Bujra, Abdalla S., and Thandika Mkandawire. "The evolution of social science in Africa: Problems and prospects." In: Sciences Sociales en Afrique!Social Sciences in Africa, edited by Mbonigaba Mugaruka, Mutanda Ntumba, and Mugaruka Chibanguka. Kinshasa, Zaire: CERDAS, 1982.15-38 pp. SUBJECTS: Research and development, Education policy. KEYWORDS: social science discipline.

894 African Studies Program, University of Illinois. Curriculum Materials for Teachers: African Studies. Urbana, Illinois: African Studies Program, University of Illionois at Urbana, 1985. 353 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Research methodology, Primary education, Adult education, Appropriate technology, Human resources development. KEYWORDS: curriculum.

904 Cameron, J., and Paul Hurst, eds. International Handbook of Education Systems: Sub-Saharan Africa, North Africa and the Middle East. Vol. 2 of 3. Chichester, UK: Wiley, 1983. 896 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Education system, Historical analysis, Education policy.

895 Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique. (ACCT) Le formel et le non-formel dans l'éducation de masse: Session d'étude sur les interactions du formel et du non-formel dans le contexte d'une politique d'éducationde masse, Bamako 7-19mail984. Paris: Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique, 1985. 296 pp. SUBJECTS: Formal education, Nonformal education, Education policy, Language policy, Literacy. KEYWORDS: INAFA (Institut National pour l'Alphabétisation et la Formation des Adultes); curriculum. 896 Association Française des Arabisants. Dix ans de recherche universitaire française sur le monde arabe et islamique, de 1968-69 à 1979. Paris: Editions Recherche sur les Civilisations, 1982. 438 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Language policy, Islamic society, Geographical analysis, Political development, Legal system, Education policy, Academic research. KEYWORDS: sociology discipline. 897 Ayandele, Emmanuel A. "Africa: The challenge of higher education." Dcedalus 111, no. 2 (1982): 179-209. SUBJECTS: Population growth, Education policy, Academic research, Underdevelopment, Education opportunity, Formal education, Nation building. 898 Belloncle, Guy, Peter Easton, Paul Ilboudo, and Papa Sène. Alphabétisation et gestion des groupements villageois en Afrique sahélienne. Paris: Karthala, 1982. 269 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Mali, Senegal. SUBJECTS : Agricultural development, Rural development, Literacy, Education policy, Cooperatives. KEYWORDS: Sahel. 899 Bhola, H. S. "An overview of literacy in sub-Saharan Africa— images in the making." The African Studies Review 33, no. 3 (December 1990): 5-20. tables. SUBJECTS: Literacy, Economic development, Cultural policy, Education policy. KEYWORDS: UNESCO. Discusses the status of literacy in Africa, noting the cultural and historical factors that influence literacy. Claims that Africa has the highest illiteracy rate in the world. Concludes that literacy is essential for the improvement of living standards in the formal and informal sectors. 900 Brann, C. M. B. Trilingualism in Language Planning for Education in Sub-Saharan Africa. Maiduguri, Nigeria: University of Maiduguri, 1981. 58 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Education system, Language policy, Nonformal education, Education policy. KEYWORDS: trilingualism.

905 Chaytor, Daniel E. B. "Educating science and technology teachers for rural developmentRuralAfricana no. 28/29 (Spring/Fall 1987): 95-109. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Sierra Leone. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Education system, Technology, Technical training. KEYWORDS: teacher training; Bunumbu Teachers College. Examines a teacher training program in Sierra Leone that focused on reforming all subjects and the entire school program at one time. Claims that the program has been successful in producing teachers capable of promoting education for rural development. 906 Colloque Interafricain. Actes du colloque interafricain: alternatives à l'école traditionelle. Yaoundé, Cameroon: Saint-Paul, 1981. 272 pp. SUBJECTS: Religion, Education policy, Education system. KEYWORDS: Catholic Church. 907 Conférence Africaine sur l'Education, ed. Faut-il changer l'école africaine? Pourquoi? Comment? Morges, Switzerland: Confédération Mondiale des Organisations de la Profession, 1981. 228 pp. SUBJECTS: Education reform, Education policy, Traditional society, Cultural policy, Social development policy. KEYWORDS: curriculum. 908 Conférence des Ministères de l'Education, ed. Promotion et intégration des langues nationales dans les systèmes éducatifs: bilan et inventaire. Paris: Librairie Honoré Champion, 1986.600 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Education reform, Education policy, Language policy. KEYWORDS: CONFEMEN (Conférence des Ministères de l'Education Nationale); ACCT (Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique); AUDECAM (Association Universitaire pour le Développement de l'Enseignement); UNESCO. Examines and describes the different languages, sublanguages, and family languages in all Francophone Africa. Explores the education reform of introducing national languages in the education system of Francophone african countries. 909 Cornwell, Linda. "Education and development in Kinca" Africa Insight 18, no. 1 (1988): 6-13. SUBJECTS: Nonformal education, Education policy, Economic development, Development planning, Formal education. Suggests that there might not be as strong a correlation between formal education and development as has been believed and that education policies, especially those that favor urban areas, can also lead to further economic inequalities. 910 Court, David, and Kabiru Kinyanjui. "African education:

60 • AFRICA/Education Problems in a high-growth sector." In: Strategies for African Development, edited by Robert J. Berg and Jennifer Seymour Whitaker. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, 1986. 361-421 pp. SUBJECTS: Education system, Education policy, Foreign aid. States that the expansion of enrollments is threatening the quality of African education. Addresses what kind of education Africa needs, what policies would support this kind of education, and how to finance it. Diagnoses current problems and recommends policy. 911 Court, David. "Education and socioeconomic development in Africa: The search for the missing link." Rural Africana no. 28/29 (Spring/Fall 1987): 61-76. SUBJECTS: Education system, Socioeconomic analysis, Research methodology, Education policy. Examines learning and the ensuing behavior in development contexts. Charts a direction for research on understanding how education links to improved standards of living. Asks what factors in education influence development. 912 Craig, John. Comparative African Experiences in Implementing Educational Policies. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1990.91 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Education policy, Education system. Reviews the literature on education policy in Africa. Considers implementation issues and recent interest in these issues. Addresses implementation by country and policy type. Identifies theoretical frameworks. 913 Crowley, Jerry. Go to the People: An African Experiment in Development Education. Eldoret, Kenya: Gaba, AMECEA Pastoral Institute, 1985. 103 pp. SUBJECTS: Adult education, Development theory, Education policy, Education opportunity. 914 Datta, Ansu. Education and Society: A Sociology of African Education. New York: St. Martin's, 1984. 213 pp. tables, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Ghana, Kenya. SUBJECTS: Education system, Colonialism, Sociological analysis, Education policy. KEYWORDS: socialization; Sisala people. 915 Daun, Holger. Primary Learning Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa: Indigenous, Islamic and Western Education. Stockholm, Sweden: Institute of International Education, University of Stockholm, 1983.121 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Education system, Informal education, Formal education, Islam, Traditional society, Sociological analysis. KEYWORDS: Madrasa (Koranic school); Islamic education. 916 Dione, Saër. "Légitimité politique et socio-culturelle des langues nationales."Ethiopiques 2, no. 2/3 (1984): 93-104. SUBJECTS: Language policy, Education policy. 917 Fage, J. D. "British African studies since the Second World War: A personal account." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 88, no. 352 (July 1989): 397-413. SUBJECTS: Academic research, Biography. KEYWORDS: African studies; UK-Africa relations. Reviews the author's history in British African studies as well as the history of the field. Addresses the creation of African studies centers on the European continent and in the UK and the rationales given for their establishment. Concludes that support for African studies in the UK has been fitful. 918 Fitouri, Chadly. Biculturisme, bilinguisme et éducation. Neuchâtel, Switzerland: Delachaux et Niestle, 1983. 300 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Traditional society, Education policy, Language policy, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: bilingualism; French language; biculturalism. 919 Gasper, Des. Regional Planning and Planning Education: Im-

plications of Their Changing Environment and Practice: With Special Reference to Anglophone, Southern and Eastern Africa. The Hague, Netherlands: Publications Office, Institute of Social Studies, 1990.64 pp. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa, East Africa. SUBJECTS: Regional development, Education system, Technical training. KEYWORDS: curriculum. Examines the evolving organization and environment of regional and subnational planning and the related practice and requirements of education and training. Identifies and assesses present links between planning education, planning practice, and their environment, and considers alternatives. 920 Gilbert, A. J. A Socio-psychological Study of the Unrest in African Schools. KwaDlangezwa, RS A: University of Zululand, 1982. 56 pp. SUBJECTS: Student protest, Behavioral analysis, Education opportunity, Education policy. KEYWORDS: protest movements. 921 Gray, Beverly A. "Africana acquisitions at the Library of Congress." In: Africana Resources and Collections: Three Decades of Development and Achievement, edited by Julian W. Witherell. Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow Press, 1989. 62-76 pp. SUBJECTS: Academic research. KEYWORDS: Library of Congress. Provides a sketch of the Africana acquisitions at the Library of Congress from the early twentieth century to the creation of its Africana section in 1960. Discusses the methodology of its acquisitions procedures since the early 1960s. 922 Gruhn, Isebill V. "Towards scientific and technological independence." The Journal of Modern African Studies 22, no. 1 (March 1984): 1-17. tables. SUBJECTS: Technological development, Colonialism, Research and development, Education system. KEYWORDS: Vienna Conference 1979. 923 Hartwell, Ash. "Help for basic education in Africa: What donors can do." Rural Africana no. 28/29 (Spring/Fall 1987): 47-59. SUBJECTS: Education policy, Rural population, Foreign aid, Education system. KEYWORDS: donor agency; basic education. Examines the contribution of high-quality schooling to human resource development. Considers the implications for donor agency support of basic education. Recommends improving schools to enhance development, particularly among farm families, and reorientation toward basic skills. 924 Hesseling, Gerti. Etat et langue en Afrique: esquisse d'une étude juridique comparative. Leiden, Netherlands: African Studies Centre, University of Leiden, 1981. 37 pp. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania, Senegal. SUBJECTS : National integration, Language policy, Political development, Literacy, Judicial system. 925 HinchlifTe, Keith. Issues related to higher education in subSaharan Africa. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1985. 87 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Human resources development, Adult education, Higher education, Labor force, Employment opportunity. 926 Hountondji, Paulin J. "L'Appropriation collective du savoir: tâches nouvelles pour une politique scientifique." Genève Afrique/Geneva Africa 26, no. 2 (1988): 49-66. SUBJECTS: Infrastructure, Research and development, Education system. KEYWORDS: technological dependency. Suggests a manner in which economic development can make itself more self-reliant. 927 INADES, ed. L'Education des adultes peu ou pas lettrés en milieu rural (Africain): Bibliographie commentée. Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: INADES, 1986. 54 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Adult education, Mass media, Literacy, Nonformal education, Rural population. An annotated bibliography on adult education in African rural

AFRICA/Education • 61 areas. Discusses various means and ways to increase literacy. 928 Judge, Anthony. "African languages and African styles of organization: Beyond Eurocentrism and the Western organizational model." In: L'Identité associative en Afrique et la participation des ONG au développement en vue d'un nouvel ordre mondial: Actes du Colloque UA1,1984, edited by Paul Ghils. Brussels, Belgium: UAI, 1984. 278-282 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Management, Language policy, Community development, Informal education. KEYWORDS: communication. 929 Kajubi, W. Senteza. "Education for national integration and development in Africa with special reference to Uganda." The Uganda Quarterly Review 1, no. 3/4 (December 1981): 161-213. ALSO COVERS: Uganda. SUBJECTS: National integration, Education policy, Administration, Higher education. KEYWORDS: curriculum; brain drain; Makerere University, Uganda. 930 Kajubi, W. Senteza. "Higher education and the dilemma of nation building in Africa: A retrospective and prospective view." In: Insights into African Education: The Karl W. Bigelow Memorial Lectures, edited by Andrew Taylor. New York: Teachers College Press, 1984. 17-48 pp. SUBJECTS: Human resources development, Education policy, Nation building, Higher education, Political development, Education level, National integration. 931 Kasongo, Ibanda Ngozulu W. T. Le "Cinema pour africains", acte d'influence à visée persuasive. Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium: CIACO, 1989. 192 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Mass communication, Historical analysis, Sociological analysis, Nonformal education, Academic research. KEYWORDS: film. Addresses the "cinema made for Africans" by the colonial system. Explores the reasons and finalities underlying this type of cultural, communication, and education strategy. Analyzes the films themselves in the light of the cultural policy of their production. 932 Lahaye, Louise. "Le Rôle et les effets de l'éducation sur le développement." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 223/224 (1984): 109-117. SUBJECTS: Nonformal education, Education policy, Development planning, Economic development, Social change. 933 Lee, Kiong Hock. "Universal primary education: An African dilemma." World Development 16, no. 12 (December 1988): 14811491. tables. SUBJECTS: Education policy, Literacy, Economic growth rate. KEYWORDS: universal primary education; education financing. Examines prospects for achieving universal primary education in the sub-Saharan countries. Focuses on the accomplishments and failures of thirty-two sub-Saharan African countries with respect to universal primary education and their prospects for achieving universal primary education if present conditions prevail. 934 Lejeune, Agnes, and Michel Andrien. Communication et nutrition: naissance d'un réseau pour l'éducation nutritionelle en Afrique: RENA. Paris: ACCT (Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique), 1986.203 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Nutrition, Mass media, Education reform, Health education. KEYWORDS: RENA (Réseau pour l'Education Nutritionelle en Afrique); television; Francophone Africa. Analyzes RENA and its media objectives, which include helping lesser developed countries to attain food self-sufficiency and supporting the development of those countries' communications. Examines the means to these ends in the form of an African Educational Nutrition Network. Presents seven nutrition education programs. 935 Malamah-Thomas, David H. "Education for rural development in Africa: What education?" In: Sierra Leone Studies at Birmingham,

edited by Peter K. Mitchell and Adam Jones. Birmingham, UK: University of Birmingham, 1984. 237-251 pp. SUBJECTS: Development planning, Education policy, Nonformal education. 936 McBreen, Edna L. "Can agriculture be a key to African development?" Rural Africana no. 28/29 (Spring/Fall 1987): 19-27. tables. SUBJECTS: Nonformal education, Education reform, Agricultural extension service. KEYWORDS: agricultural education. Recommends a system of agricultural education based on the farm family as a solution to Africa's development problems. 937 McCarthy, Michael. Dark Continent: Africa as Seen by Americans. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1983. 192 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Academic research, Religion, Secondary education, Mass media, Racism, Behavioral analysis. KEYWORDS: USAfrica relations. 938 Mugaruka, Mbonigaba, Mutanda Ntumba, and Mugaruka Chibanguka. Sciences sociales en Afrique!Social Science in Africa. Kinshasa, Zaire: CERDAS, 1982. 245 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Research and development, Infrastructure, Education policy. KEYWORDS: social science discipline. 939 Mukene, Pascal. L'Ouverture entre /' école et le milieu en Afrique noire: Pour une question pertinant des connaissances. Fribourg, Switzerland: Editions Universitaires, 1988. 316 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Education system, Formal education, Primary education, Literacy. KEYWORDS: NEIDA (Network ofEducational Innovation for Development in Africa). Looks at the inability of formal education to penetrate the African social environment. Examines the deficiencies and possibilities to integrate the milieu and the school through resource and knowledge exchange. Claims that it is necessary to associate the sociocultural dimension with every action aimed at improving the conditions of African people. 940 Mulot, Francis. "En Afrique, les métamorphoses d'une école." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 190/191 (1981): 107-118. SUBJECTS: Elite analysis, Education policy, Education reform, Class formation, Education opportunity, Uneven development. 941 Mungala, A. S. "L'Education traditionelle en Afrique et ses valeurs fondamentales." Ethiopiques 29 (1982): 51-71. SUBJECTS: Informal education, Education policy, Traditional society. KEYWORDS: oral tradition; collective education. 942 Nasson, Bill, and John Samuel, eds. Education: From Poverty to Liberty. Cape Town, RSA: David Philip, 1990. 203 pp. tables, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Education policy, Formal education, Education opportunity. Addresses the broad themes of education, poverty, inequality, and development in Southern Africa (RSA, Tanzania, Zimbabwe). Looks at the relationship between the education opportunity and the unequal distribution of power and privileges in Southern Africa in general and the RSA in particular. 943 Ndagala, D. K. "Social sciences in policy making and implementation in the Third World with special reference to Tanzania." In: Sciences Sociales en Afrique!Social Sciences in Africa, edited by Mbonigaba Mugaruka, Mutanda Ntumba, and Mugaruka Chibanguka. Kinshasa, Zaire: CERDAS, 1982. 195-211 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Academic research, Education policy, Research and development. KEYWORDS: institutional development; research institution; research funding; social science discipline. 944 NEIDA Coordinating Unit. Education and Productive Work in

62

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Africa: ARegionalSurvey. Dakar, Senegal: UNESCO Regional Office for Education in Africa, 1982. 93 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Education system, Nonformal education, Industrial production, Case study. KEYWORDS: NEIDA (Network of Educational Innovation for Development in Africa). 945 Nwoboshi, L. C., E. E. Enabor, and E. O. Faturoti, eds. Forestry Education in Africa: The Ibadan Experiment After Twenty-five Years. Ibadan, Nigeria: University of Ibadan, 1988. 177 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria, Liberia. SUBJECTS: Education system, Education opportunity, Research and development, Economic development, Forestry industry. KEYWORDS: University of Ibadan, Nigeria; curriculum. Looks at the evolution of the Forestry Department at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Reviews its development, curriculum, impact on the continent, and research opportunities. Seeks to evaluate its influence on forestry practices throughout Africa. 946 Nwokah, O. D. I. "Critical mass and university research in a developing environment." In: African Development: The OAUIECA Plan ofAction and Beyond, edited by Ralph I. Onwuka, 'Layi Abegunrin, and Dhanjoo N. Ghista. Lawrenceville, Virginia: Brunswick Publishing, 1985. 53-62 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Research and development, Research methodology, Education system, Project design, Academic research. 947 O'Sullivan, Rita. "Non-formal education in Africa—Impact on health." African Studies Association Papers 24, no. 94 (October 1981): 1-20. SUBJECTS: Health care system, Adult education, Literacy, Women's studies, Rural population, Nonformal education, Traditional medicine. KEYWORDS: in-service training; apprenticeship. 948 Oculi, Okello. "Imperialism and the politics of area studies." In: Political Science in Africa: A Critical Review, edited by Yolamu R. Barongo. London: Zed, 1983.129-137 pp. SUBJECTS: Transnational corporations, Higher education, Education reform, Political theory, Rural development, Green Revolution, Imperialism. 949 Okonjo, Chukuka. On Maximizing the Contribution of African Universities to National Development. Legon, Ghana: University of Ghana, 1981. 56 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Higher education, National development, Education policy. KEYWORDS: Nyerere, Julius K.

Schools, United States. 953 Pearce, Carole. "Misconceptions on the role of the social sciences: A reply ."Journal of Social Development in Africa 4, no. 2 (1989): 59-70. SUBJECTS: Academic research. KEYWORDS: social science discipline. Examines the role of African social scientists as put forth in a previous issue by Leonard Bloom. Argues that the social sciences do not occupy a privileged position above politics and that advocating such a position could lead to greater government restrictions on academic research in Africa. 954 Pelissier, René. "Onze ans après, voyage à l'intérieur de l'africanisme portugais (1974-1985)." Année africaine (1984): 310344. SUBJECTS: Higher education, Colonialism, Decolonization, Academic research. KEYWORDS: Lusophone Africa; CEA (Centro de Estudos Africanos); African studies; Portugal-Africa relations. 955 Plevoets, Chanoine Maurice. "La Pédagogie de développement. Ses caractéristiques et ses exigences." Zaïre-Afrique no. 234 (April 1989): 143-161. SUBJECTS: Formal education, Education system, Technical training, Education reform. KEYWORDS: pedagogy. Looks at educational needs in Africa. Examines the relationship between higher education and society, educational objectives, training programs and strategies, educational evaluation, and teacher training in Africa. 956 Rathgeber, Eva-Maria. "Education and employment in the informal sector: A review of some recent African research." African Studies Association Papers 29, no. 79 (October/November 1986): 1-24. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria, Kenya. SUBJECTS: Informal sector, Employment, Education policy, Education system. KEYWORDS: skilled labor; apprenticeship; vocational education. Analyzes results of several African studies of employment and apprenticeship systems in the informal sector. Recommends that the formal education system be restructured to integrate formal and informal learning. Argues for adult education and for policymakers to recognize the legitimacy of the informal sector. 957 Ray, Donald I. "African studies in Canada." Revue canadienne d'études de développement!Canadian Journal of Development Studies 4, no. 1 (1983): 141-157. SUBJECTS: Education system, Academic research. KEYWORDS: CAAS (Canadian Association of African Studies).

950 Ouane, Adama, and Yvette Amon-Tamoh. "Literacy in Frenchspeaking Africa: A situational analysis." The African Studies Review 33, no. 3 (December 1990): 21-38. tables. SUBJECTS: Literacy, Formal education, Nonformal education. KEYWORDS: UNESCO; Francophone Africa. Addresses the state of education in French-speaking West Africa. Notes that West Africa has the lowest literacy rates on this continent. Recognizes the difficulties posed by the multilingual nature of African nations. Suggests that the immensity of the literacy education task requires a combination of government and private programs.

958 Renou, Gérard. "Coopération par projets ou les affres du changement." Peuples noirs; peuples africains 11, no. 59/62 (September/June 1987/88): 11-35. SUBJECTS: Language policy, Foreign aid, Education policy, International relations. KEYWORDS : Francophone Africa; France-Africa relations. Examines the role that the French language plays throughout French-speaking Africa, analyzing its economic, educational, and political implications.

951 Oxenham, John. Paper Qualification Syndrome (PQS) and Unemployment of School Leavers: A Comparative Sub-Regional Study. Geneva, Switzerland: ILO Publications, 1982. 227 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Education level, Unemployment, Education system. KEYWORDS: underemployment; school leavers; JASPA (Jobs and Skills Programme for Africa).

959 Renou, Gérard. "La coopération par projets ou les affres du changement." Géopolitique africaine 1 (February 1988): 63-84. SUBJECTS: International cooperation, Language policy, Education system. KEYWORDS: Francophone Africa; France-Africa relations. Examines France-Africa cooperation on the level of education and culture. Claims that the notion of a contract between France and its former colonies is essential to establish common ground in creating a partnership between the former adversaries.

952 Patton, Adell, Jr. "Howard University and Meharry Medical Schools in the Training of African Physicians, 1868-1978." In: Global Dimensions of the African Diaspora, edited by Joseph E. Harris. Washington, D.C.: Howard University Press, 1982.142-162 pp. SUBJECTS: Education opportunity, Public health, Formal education. KEYWORDS: Howard University, United States; Meharry Medical

960 R i c a r d , A l a i n . " L e s h u m a n i t é s p e u v e n t c o n t r i b u e r à l'humanisation. . . ." Politique africaine no. 39 (September 1990): 125-133. SUBJECTS: Arts, Literacy, Education policy. KEYWORDS: music; African studies. Encourages a greater role for the humanities in the current

AFRICA/E du cat ion • 6 3 technical rationality of economics and politics encompassing African studies and development. Presents a case for greater cooperation between academics of artistic and technical disciplines. 961 Rwomire, Apollo. "The role of the university in regional integration and cooperation: An African perspective." Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review 6, no. 1 (January 1990): 61-72. tables. SUBJECTS: Regional integration, Higher education, Academic research. Considers the contribution of education to regional development. Uses a functionalist perspective to examine the role of the university. 962 Samoff, Joel. "Expansion of access to education—What forms, whose benefit, and why?" African Studies Association Papers 27, no. 93 (October 1984): 1-25. tables. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Education opportunity, Secondary education, Higher education, Primary education, Unemployment. KEYWORDS: regional inequality; Tanzania Ministry of Education. 963 Schoeman, H. S. "Education and training in multicultural societies." In: Southern Africa: Challenge of the Eighties, edited by G. M. E. Leistner, H. S. Schoeman, and Theo Malan. Pretoria, RSA: Africa Institute of South Africa, 1981. 18-64 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Cameroon, Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Literacy, Education policy, Education reform. KEYWORDS: multicultural education. 964 Schoeman, Stan. "Education and training in multi-cultural societies: The feedback from Africa." Journal of Contemporary African Studies 1, no. 1 (October 1981): 41-80. tables. ALSO COVERS: Cameroon, Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Education system, Education reform, Literacy. KEYWORDS: IPAR (Institute of Rurally Oriented Applied Education); multicultural education. 965 Sherman, Mary Antoinette Brown. "Teacher education for women in rural development." Rural Africana no. 28/29 (Spring/Fall 1987): 111-120. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Women's studies, Education system, Agricultural production, Education reform. KEYWORDS: teacher training. Highlights the need to educate rural women if full development and use of human resources are to be achieved. Recommends changes in education to make the accomplishment. 966 Smyke, Raymond J. "African education and teacher organizations." Geneve Afriquel Geneva Africa 28, no. 2 (1990): 17-29. SUBJECTS: Education system, Civil service, Foreign aid, Education policy. KEYWORDS: teachers. Examines issues related to African education and traces implications of the growth in public education in terms of policy and practice. Examines education budgets and development assistance for education by the World Bank and other intergovernmental agencies and discusses why they have had little impact on African education since independence. 967 Sternberg, Ilse, and Patricia M. Larby. African Studies: Papers Presented at a Colloquium at the British Library, 7-9 January 1985. London: British Library and SCOLMA, 1986. 332 pp. biblio, other docs. SUBJECTS: Academic research. KEYWORDS: UNESCO. A collection of papers that directly and indirectly address the evolving policies of the British Library in collecting materials. Opens with several papers discussing' the development of the study of Africa in the West. 968 Taylor, Andrew, ed. Insights into African Education: The Karl W. Bigelow Memorial Lectures. New York: Teachers College Press, 1984.104 pp. SUBJECTS: Higher education, Education opportunity, Education policy, Nation building. KEYWORDS: teacher training. 969 Tedga, Paul John Marc. L'Enseignement supérieur en Afrique

noire francophone: La catastrophe? Paris: L'Harmattan, 1988. 223 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Higher education, Education system, Employment opportunity. KEYWORDS: France-Africa relations; UREF (Présentation de l'Université des Réseaux d'Expression Française). Employs interviews and statistics to demonstrate how higher educational cooperation between France and the "field countries" is extremely inadequate. Claims that if nothing is done to reorient educational conditions in French-speaking Africa, the continent will see its first unemployed Ph.D.'s before the year 2000. 970 Thompson, A. R. Education and Development in Africa. New York: St. Martin's, 1981. 358 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Education policy, Rural development, Urban development, Nonformal education, Education reform. 971 Tolmie, Penny. Higher Education in Anglophone Tropical Africa: List of Documents. Oxford, UK: Rhodes, 1985. 47 pp. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Higher education, Education system. KEYWORDS: Oxford Development Records Project; Anglophone Africa. 972 Touré, Sékou. Questions africaines: francophonie, langues nationales, prix littéraires, O.U.A. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1989. 81 pp. S U B J E C T S : L a n g u a g e p o l i c y , L i t e r a c y , Elite a n a l y s i s , Neocolonialism, Imperialism, Pan-Africanism. KEYWORDS: OAU; ADELF (Association des Ecrivains de Langue Française); FEANF (Fédération des Etudiants d'Afrique Noire en France). Explores the relationship between African countries and neocolonialism through language, politics, and culture. Looks at the role of African intellectual elite and OAU in the perpetuation of the neocolonial system. 973 Tshibangu, T. La Crise contemporaine, l'enjeu africain et l'université de l'an 2000. Kinshasa, Zaire: Presses Universitaires du Zaïre, 1982. 35 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Education policy, Higher education, Education reform. 974 Université Nationale de Côte d'Ivoire, ed. Séminaire de méthodologie de recherche et d'enseignement du conte africain (3-6 avril 1989). Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: AUPELF, 1990. 189 pp. biblio, other docs. SUBJECTS: Academic research, Education policy, Education reform, Literature review, Traditional society. A survey of a seminar on the methodology and teaching of African folktales. Draws upon literary criticism to examine the structure and form of the African tale. 975 Urevbu, Andrew O. Curriculum Innovations in Africa: Successes and Failures. Benin City, Nigeria: Uniben Press, 1990. 88 pp. SUBJECTS: Education system, Education policy. KEYWORDS: curriculum. Presents an analysis of curriculum innovations in Africa since 1970, viewed at two levels: that of schools and institutions and that of the community and the nation. 976 Van Dyken, Julia R. "The role of languages of minority groups for literacy and education in Africa." The African Studies Review 33, no. 3 (December 1990): 39-52. SUBJECTS: Literacy, Education opportunity, Language policy. KEYWORDS: International Literacy Year 1990; UNESCO. Notes that in the multilingual context of Africa, it is common for an official language to be a European one. Suggests that successful literacy campaigns require that people be taught in their mother tongue but that current policy does not support such instruction. 977 Wallerstein, Immanuel. "The evolving role of the Africa scholar in African studies." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue Canadienne des études africaines 17, no. 1 (1983): 9-16. SUBJECTS:

6 4 • AFRICA/E ducat ion

Academic research. KEYWORDS: African studies. 978 Williams, William G., and Bruce M. Mitchell. From Afghanistan to Zimbabwe: Gifted Education Efforts in the World Community. New York: Peter Lang, 1989. 178 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Education policy. KEYWORDS: gifted education; talented education. Surveys the availability of programs of gifted or talented education in various countries, including Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, the RSA, Africa generally, China, Japan, and the United States. 979 World Bank. Education in Sub-Saharan Africa: Policies for Adjustment, Revitalization, and Expansion. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1988. 185 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Education policy, Education reform, Structural adjustment, National development, Primary education. KEYWORDS: donor agency; World Bank. States that education is an essential ingredient to development and that the World Bank is therefore committed to expanding and improving education in sub-Saharan Africa. Analyzes the crisis in African education—both in funding and quality—and recommends policies governments should pursue to overcome this crisis. 980 World University Service International. Higher Education in Africa: Manual for Refugees. Geneva, Switzerland: World University Service International, 1986. 784 pp. SUBJECTS: Higher education, Refugees, Secondary education, Education opportunity. Lists secondary school certificates, higher education facilities, technical schools, agricultural colleges, and college applications in Africa. Includes information needed for the pursuit of educational opportunities for refugees in Africa. Details the higher institutions in each African country. 981 Wright, David R. "Africa in the school geography curriculum, 1820-1970." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 80, no. 321 (October 1981): 551-557. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Institutionalized racism, Education system, Geographical analysis, Education policy. 982 Yacine, Samba. Education in Africa in the Light of the Harare Conference (1982). Paris: UNESCO, 1986. 35 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Education system, Higher education, Literacy. KEYWORDS: Harare Declaration 1982. 983 Zunon, Denis. "New trends and practice in planning for effective utilization of human resources in the public services of Francophone African countries." In: Development Planning Priorities and Strategies in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), edited by Roland Ubogu, George Adamu, and T. A. C. Gogue. Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann, 1983.189-213 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Human resources development, Administration, Education policy, Education system, Neocolonialism, Public administration, Civil service. KEYWORDS: Francophone Africa; France-Africa relations. 984 Zymelman, Manuel, and Joseph DeStefano. Primary School Teachers' Salaries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1989. 54 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Education policy, Primary education, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: teachers. Analyzes factors affecting teachers' salaries in sub-Saharan Africa. Provides forecasts of teacher cost for the next two decades for twenty sub-Saharan countries and suggests steps to facilitate planning of teacher salaries. SEE ALSO 8742, 8748.

Environment

985 Adams, W. M. Green Development: Environment and Sustainability in the Third World. London: Routledge, 1990. 255 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Environmental analysis, Economic development, Desertification, Nongovernmental organization, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: World Commission on Environment and Development; donor agency; sustainable development; World Conservation Strategy 1980; Brundtland Report 1987. Discusses the greening of development theory through the concept of sustainable development. Argues that this concept is essentially reformist. Addresses the nature of environmental degradation and economic development impacts. Concludes that green development is in fact about the redistribution of power. 986 Adedeji, Adebayo. "Activities to foster environmental protection." In: Agenda for Action: African-Soviet-U.S. Cooperation, edited by Anatoly A. Gromyko and C. S. Whitaker. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1990.43-51 pp. SUBJECTS: Environmental analysis, Land use policy, Desertification, International cooperation. KEYWORDS: US-USSR relations; climate; meteorology. Praises US-USSR cooperation to help Africa rather than exploit it. Calls for comprehensive and integrated studies of the African environment in order to further management and desertification control. Suggests further work in meteorology. 987 Allan, T. G. "Land clearing in African savannas." In: Land Clearing and Development in the Tropics, edited by R. Lai, P. A. Sanchez, and R. W. Cummings, Jr. Rotterdam, Netherlands: A. A. Balkema, 1986. 69-80 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Natural resource management, Ecological analysis, Agricultural development, Appropriate technology. KEYWORDS: land clearing. Outlines the development of savanna land clearing for forestry or agricultural purposes, stressing the importance of preliminary surveys prior to clearing. Describes three main methods of land clearing and indicates the range of physical inputs required for a large-scale project within a set time frame. 988 Anderson, David, and Richard Grove, eds. Conservation in Africa: People, Policies and Practice. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1987. 355 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Natural resource management, Land-use policy, Pastoralism, Environmental analysis. Examines the issues of conservation, wildlife management, and development. Contains chapters written by experts in biology, the social sciences, and history. Includes sections on conservation ideologies, wildlife and parks, conservation ideologies, and consequences of development. 989 Anderson, David, and Richard Grove. "The scramble for Eden: Past, present and future in African conservation." In: Conservation in Africa: People, Policies, and Practice, edited by David Anderson and Richard Grove. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987. 1-12 pp. SUBJECTS: Natural resource management. Discusses the history behind African environmental issues of today and the role that Europeans have played in them. Proposes a role for social scientists in cooperating for further research and ensuring the participation of Africans. 990 Anderson, Dennis. "Declining tree stocks in African countries." World Development 14, no. 7 (July 1986): 853-863. SUBJECTS: Ecological analysis, Natural resource management, Public investment, Agricultural development, Forestry industry. KEYWORDS: firewood; deforestation; agroforestry.

AFRICA/Environment

Discusses evidence of loss of tree stocks in farming regions of African countries and the associated ecological changes. Examines the economic merits and limitations of two forms of public investment in afforestation. Presents an overview of recent reports on fuelwood consumption, land clearance, and policy options. 991 Biswas, Margaret R., and Asit K. Biswas. "Environment and sustained development in the Third World: A review of the past decade." Third World Quarterly 4, no. 3 (July 1982): 479-491. SUBJECTS: Environmental degradation, Environmental analysis. KEYWORDS: UNEP (UN Environment Programme); UN Conference on the Human Environment 1972. 992 Blaikie, Piers. "Environment and access to resources in Africa." African Studies Association Papers 29, no. 11 (October/November 1986): 1-33. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Ecological analysis, Agrarian economy, Agricultural development, Land use policy, Environmental analysis, Environmental degradation, Resource distribution. KEYWORDS: resource-based development. Urges a more "place-specific" approach to land use and management in Africa, linking land degradation issues and the changing agricultural economy. Concludes that analyses should consider the changing environment before engaging in development projects that will be ineffective. 993 Blaikie, Piers. "Environment and access to resources in Africa." Africa: Journal of the International African Institute/Revue de /'Institut Africain International 59, no. 1 (1989): 18-40. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Environmental analysis, Land-use policy, Ecological analysis, Agrarian economy, Agricultural development, Environmental degradation, Resource distribution. KEYWORDS: resource-based development. Proposes a dynamic resource-access environmental-change model linked to a decision-making model that focuses on land users' responses to environmental changes. Argues for a more place-specific approach to land degradation. Claims to be an ideological and quantitative approach to social change. 994 Brown, Lester, and Edward Wolf. Reversing Africa's Decline. Washington, DC: Worldwatch Institute, 1985. 81 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Environmental degradation, Fertility, Forestry industry, Environmental analysis. 995 Cline-Cole, R. A., H. A. C. Main, and J. E. Nichol. "On fuelwood consumption, population dynamics and deforestation in Africa." World Development 18, no. 4 (April 1990): 513-527. tables. SUBJECTS: Energy use, Population growth, Environmental degradation, Ecological analysis. KEYWORDS: deforestation; firewood. Discusses the interrelationships between fuelwood consumption, population growth, and deforestation. Notes that the orthodox view, which suggests excessive population growth is creating a fuelwood crisis, should be reexamined. Claims there is no conclusive evidence that the three variables have a linear relationship. 996 Crouzet, Etienne. "Les Barrages africains II: les centrales hydro-électriques les conditions de leur développement pétrole et hydro-électricite." Afrique contemporaine 129 (January/March 1984): 3-10. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Environmental analysis, Natural resource management. KEYWORDS: dams; hydroelectric energy. 997 Crouzet, Etienne. "Les Barrages africains." Afrique contemporaine 128 (October/December 1983): 23-40. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Environmental analysis, Natural resource management. KEYWORDS: dams; hydroelectric energy.

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998 Darkoh, M. B. K. "Desertification in Africa." Journal of Eastern African Research and Development 19 (1989): 1-50. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Desertification, Population growth, Agricultural sector, Colonialism, Rural poverty, Environmental degradation. KEYWORDS: grazing land policy; deforestation; UN Conference on Desertification August 29-September 9, 1977. Provides a broad overview of desertification on the African continent. States that although part of the problem can be seen as environmental, the majority of it is linked to human economic activities. Maintains that desertification is primarily a problem of underdevelopment and poverty. 999 Dejoux, Claude. La Pollution des eaux continentales africaines: expérience acquise, situation actuelle et perspectives. Paris: ORSTOM, 1988. 513 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Water supply, Environmental degradation, Demographic analysis, Public health, E c o n o m i c g r o w t h policy, Agricultural production. KEYWORDS: water pollution; pesticides; oceans. Summarizes current knowledge about the pollution of the continental waters around Africa. Claims the three main pollution sources are pesticides, demographic growth, and purposeful environmental interventions such as dams, which cause the growth of aquatic weeds. Proposes solutions to reduce pollution. 1000 Dévissé, Jean. "Les Africains et l'eau: la longue durée." In: Les Politiques de l'eau en Afrique: développement agricole et participation paysanne, edited by Gérard Conac, Claudette Savonnet-Guyot, and Françoise Conac. Paris: Economica, 1985. 120-131 pp. SUBJECTS: Water supply, Geographical analysis, Natural resource management. 1001 Doyen, A., and A. Tibesar, eds. Environnement et développement: éléments pour un débat. Journée mondiale de l'environnement-5 juin 1982. Dakar, Senegal: ISE/ENDA, 1983. 116 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Environmental analysis, Higher education, Research and development, Ecological analysis, Rural development, Urban development. KEYWORDS: ISE (Institut des Sciences de l'Environnement); ENDA (Environment and Development Activities). 1002 Doyen, A. "Forestry in Sahel countries." African Environment 23/24 (1989): 115-128. SUBJECTS: Forestry industry, Environmental degradation, Natural resource management. Considers the situation of forests in Sahelian countries. Describes the kind of forests that exist. 1003 Duhamel, Bernard. "Renewable energies in Africa: Examples of fuelwood and solar energy." African Environment 21/22 (1987): 43-68. tables. SUBJECTS: Energy use, Natural resource management, Consumption pattern, Urban population, Environmental degradation. KEYWORDS: firewood; solar energy; reforestation. Reviews types of alternative fuel sources in Africa, including reforestation, substitutes for fuelwood, and solar thermodynamics. Considers implementation methods. 1004 Edwards, K. A., G. A. Classen, and E. H. J. Schroten. The Water Resource in Tropical Africa and Its Exploitation. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: International Livestock Centre for Africa, 1983. 102 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Natural resource management, Water supply. 1005 FAO. Forest Resources of Tropical Africa: Part I: Regional Synthesis. Rome, Italy: FAO, 1981. 108 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Natural resource management, Forestry industry, Environmental analysis, Plantation economy, Land use policy. KEYWORDS: FAO; firewood. 1006 FAO. Forest Resources of Tropical Africa: Part II: Country

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Briefs. Rome, Italy: FAO, 1981. 586 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Environmental analysis, Natural resource management, Forestry industry, Plantation economy, Land use policy. KEYWORDS: FAO, firewood. 1007 FAO. Natural resources and the human environment for food and agriculture in Africa. Rome, Italy: FAO, 1986. 86 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Food production, Natural resource management, Environmental degradation, Ecological analysis, Rural development. Attempts to relate natural resource potential and the ecological limits to food and agricultural production with population. Identifies serious environmental and resource problems related to rural development and agricultural production. 1008 FAO. Committee for Inland Fisheries of Africa. Report of the Second Session of the Working Party on Pollution and Fisheries: Nairobi, Kenya, 23-27 October 1989. Rome, Italy: FAO, 1990.24 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Environmental degradation, Water supply. KEYWORDS: pollution. Includes a study on the scientific bases for the control of domestic and industrial organic pollution loads in African inland waters. 1009 Farmer, Graham. "Rainfall variability in tropical Africa: Some implications for policy ."Land Use Policy: Special Issue: Land Use in Africa 3, no. 4 (October 1986): 336-342. tables. ALSO COVERS: Kenya. SUBJECTS: Water supply, Environmental analysis, Agricultural policy, Desertification. KEYWORDS: rainfall; intertropical convergence zone; climate. Examines fluctuations in African rainfall since the mid-1930s and states that rainfall means in recent years are significantly different from pre-1961 rainfall means. Suggests policies according to this decreasing source of water. Concludes that climate is a variable, not a constant. 1010 Faure, H., L. Faure, and E. S. Diop, eds. Changements globaux en Afrique durant le quaternaire, passé-présent-futur. Dakar 21-28 avril, 1986. Paris: L'ORSTOM, 1986. 515 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Academic research, Scientific research, Ecological analysis, Environmental analysis, Environmental degradation. KEYWORDS: IUQUA (International Union for Quaternary Research); ASEQUA (Association Sénégalaise pour l'Etude du Quaternaire Africain). Presents annotated and referenced abstracts of papers presented at the International Symposium on Global Change in Africa During Quaternary Past-Present-Future. Includes subject topics on scientific research, technology, environment, geology, botany, ecology, and climate in Africa. 1011 Godana, Bonaya. Africa's Shared Water Resources: Legal and Institutional Aspects of the Nile, Niger, and Senegal River Systems. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1985.370 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Natural resource management, Law, Drought, Legal system, Water supply. KEYWORDS: Nile River; Niger River; Senegal River. 1012 Grove, A. T. "Some comments on the economics of dryland degradation and rehabilitation." In: Environmental Issues in African Development Planning, edited by J. A. Seeley and W. M. Adams. Cambridge,UK: African Studies Centre, 1988.71-79pp. SUBJECTS: Environmental analysis, Natural resource management, Desertification, Environmental degradation. KEYWORDS: dryland farming; UNEP (UN Environment Program). Discusses the role of economic assessments in arid land rehabilitation and development projects. Offers insights on a variety of issues, including the economic assessment of desertification. 1013 Grove, A. T., and W. M. Adams. "The implications of climatic variability for river regulation." In: Environmental Issues in African Development Planning, edited by J. A. Seeley and W. M. Adams.

Cambridge, UK: African Studies Centre, 1988. 5-14 pp. ALSO COVERS: Chad. SUBJECTS: Natural resource management, Environmental analysis, Drought, Water supply. KEYWORDS: Lake Chad; river regulation. Assesses the problems of river control in the context of drought and uncertainty about future environmental conditions. Questions the utility of technical methods used to predict these conditions, and the ability of anyone to predict the environmental impact of development projects. 1014 Helldén, Ulf. "Land degradation and land productivity monitoring—Needs for an integrated approach." In: Land Management and Survival, edited by Anders Hjort. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1985. 77-87 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Environmental degradation, Desertification. KEYWORDS: biomass. 1015 Hjort, Anders, ed. Land Management and Survival. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1985. 148 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania, Kenya. SUBJECTS: Natural resource management, Land use policy, Environmental d e g r a d a t i o n , Foreign aid, Desertification. K E Y W O R D S : Sukumaland, Tanzania; interdisciplinary research; firewood; Bura Irrigation Settlement Scheme. 1016 Horowitz, Michael M. "Donors and deserts: The political ecology of destructive development in the Sahel." African Environment 25/28 (1990): 185-209. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Senegal, Mali. SUBJECTS: Environmental degradation, Foreign aid, Project design, Pastoralism, Desertification. KEYWORDS: donor agency; World Bank; USAID; Diama Dam, Senegal; Manantali Dam, Mali. Explores why multilateral financial institutions fund development projects that sometimes often damage habitats and human beings and why national governments accept such projects. Demonstrates this by examining development activities among pastoralists and in river basins. Addresses the change in the World Bank to accommodate the environment. 1017 INADES, ed. L'Arbre et la forêt vitaux pour l'Afrique: Bibliographie commentée. Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: INADES, 1988. 44 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Environmental degradation, Desertification, Women's economic role, Natural resource management, Development policy, Forestry industry, Bibliography. KEYWORDS: reforestation; INADES (Institut Africain pour le Développement Economique et Social). Presents French bibliographie citations on forestry policy, deforestation, desertification, forestry techniques, and reforestation. Includes an acronym list and author index. 1018 Kotschi, Johannes, and Reinhard Adelhelm. Towards Control of Desertification in African Drylands: Problems, Experiences, Guidelines. Rossdorf, Germany: TZ-Verlagsgesellschaft, 1986. 241 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Ecological analysis, Environmental degradation, Drought, Famine, Natural resource management, Desertification. Discusses strategies for the control of desertification in Africa. Argues that large-scale, top-down programs have failed and the longterm solutions must be oriented from the bottom up and involve all the actors in the food production cycle. 1019 Laing, E. "Ecological constraints to food production." In: Towards Food Self-Sufficiency in West Africa, edited by Kodwo Ewusi. Tema, Ghana: Tema Publishing Corporation, 1984. 109-118 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Ecological analysis, Water supply. KEYWORDS: ecosystem; firewood. 1020 Le Roy, Etienne. "Les Politiques de l'eau en Afrique noire: deux ou trois choses queje sais d'elles." In: Les Politiques de l'eau en Afrique: développement agricole et participation paysanne, edited by

AFRICA/Environment Gérard Coñac, Claudette Savonnet-Guyot, and Françoise Coñac. Paris: Economica, 1985.176-194 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Water supply, Development policy, Traditional society, Appropriate technology, Natural resource management. KEYWORDS: Mossi people; SAED (Société d'Aménagement et d'Exploitation des Terres du Delta); Wolof people. 1021 L e n g , Gunter, ed. Desertification: A Bibliography with Regional Emphasis on Africa. Bremen, Germany: Universität Bremen, 1982. 177 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Environmental degradation, Natural resource management, Desertification. 1022 Lewis, Lawrence, and L. Berry. African Environments and Resources. Boston, Massachusetts: Unwin Hyman, 1988. 404 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Natural resource management, Environm e n t a l a n a l y s i s , W a t e r supply, Industrial d e v e l o p m e n t . KEYWORDS: ecosystem; environmental policy; minerals. States that Africa has real physical constraints on the productivity of the environment. Analyzes these constraints, identifies ecosystems, and addresses topics such as urban resource problems and river basin issues associated with mineral and industrial development. 1023 Macgregor, Jenny. "The paradoxes of wildlife conservation in Africa." Africa Insight 19, no. 4 (1989): 201-212. SUBJECTS: Natural resource management, Environmental analysis. KEYWORDS: ivory; game reserves; conservation. Notes the problems inherent in preserving "wilderness" in Africa in order to salve the consciences of Westerners who have destroyed their own wildernesses. States that the decline of African wildlife has to do with complex processes and that solutions often fail to account for political and social contexts. 1024 Mclntyre, A. D. "Africa, notes on fishery resources and marine pollution." In: Africa and the Sea: Proceedings of a Colloquium at the University of Aberdeen, March 1984, edited by Jeffrey C. Stone. Aberdeen, UK: Aberdeen University African Studies Group, 1985. 227-234 pp. SUBJECTS: Environmental degradation, Natural resource management, Environmental analysis, Ecological analysis, Fishing industry. KEYWORDS: pollution. 1025 Okidi, C. O. "Management of natural resources and the environment for self-reliance." Journal of Eastern African Research and Development 14 (1984): 92-111. tables. SUBJECTS: Natural resource management, Self-reliance, Raw materials, Environmental degradation. KEYWORDS: hydroelectric energy. 1026 Olsson, Lennart. "Integration of physical and human geography in a geographical information system." In: Land Management and Survival, edited by Anders Hjort. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1985. 88-97 pp. SUBJECTS: Environmental degradation, Natural resource management, Geographical analysis. KEYWORDS: human geography. 1027 Rapp, Anders. "Why do we need a scientific analysis of dryland degradation in Africa?" In: Land Management and Survival, edited by Anders Hjort. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1985. 109-118 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Environmental degradation, Rural development, Ecological analysis. KEYWORDS: salinization. 1028 Rasmussen, Kjeld. "A holistic view of ecological imbalance in drylands." In: Land Management and Survival, edited by Anders Hjort. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1985.119-127 pp. SUBJECTS: Ecological analysis. 1029 Rasmusson, Eugene M. "Global climate change and variability: Effects on drought and desertification in Africa." In: Drought and Hunger in Africa: Denying Famine a Future, edited by

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Michael H. Glantz. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1987. 1-22 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Desertification, Drought, Environmental analysis. KEYWORDS: climate. Presents a general description of the nature of African drought. Reviews the factors, both global and regional, that may play a significant role; assesses rainfall deficiency by using normalized departures from average rainfall over eighty years. 1030 Riley, Bernard, and David Brokensha. "Vegetation and development in Africa: An overview." African Studies Association Papers 24, no. 103 (October 1981): 1-20. tables. ALSO COVERS: Kenya. SUBJECTS: Forestry industry, Natural resource management, Traditional society, Foreign aid, Population growth, Environmental degradation, Integrated rural development. KEYWORDS: firewood; afforestation. 1031 Sandford, Stephen. Organisation and Management of Water Supplies in Tropical Africa. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: International Livestock Centre for Africa, 1983. 45 pp. tables, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Sudan. SUBJECTS: Livestock production, Water supply, Natural resource management, Rural planning policy. KEYWORDS: Kababish people; Berti people. 1032 Seeley, J. A. Conservation in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Introductory Bibliography for the Social Sciences. Cambridge, UK: African Studies Centre, 1985. 207 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Environmental degradation, Natural resource management, Ecological analysis, Environmental analysis. 1033 Seignobos, Christian. "Végétations anthropiques dans la zone soudano-sahélienne: la problématique des pares." Revue de géographie du Cameroun 3, no. 1 (1982): 1-23. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Geographical analysis, Natural resource management, Environmental degradation. KEYWORDS: trees; vegetation. 1034 Solovyov, A. K. "The ecological situation in Africa." Africa in Soviet Studies (1984): 130-140. tables. SUBJECTS: Capitalism, Environmental analysis, Natural resource management, Land use policy. KEYWORDS: erosion; forests. 1035 Sridhar, M. K. C. "African researches on pesticide use and poisoning." African Environment 23-24 (1989): 69-102. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Environmental degradation, Public health, Natural resource management. KEYWORDS: pesticides. Reviews literature on pesticides and their abuse, especially those articles on research carried out in Africa since 1980. Considers the uses and effects of pesticides, in particular on animals and human beings. Contains an extensive bibliography. 1036 Thomas, Gerald W. The SahelianlSudanian Zones of Africa: Profile of a Fragile Environment. Las Cruces, New Mexico: New Mexico State University,Centerfor International Programs, 1981.144 pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural policy, Environmental degradation, Natural resource management, Food production, Desertification, Infrastructure. 1037 Timberlake, Lloyd, and Jon Tinker. Africa in Crisis: The Causes, the Cures of Environmental Bankruptcy. Washington, DC: International Institute for Environment and Development, 1985. 232 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Natural resource management, Poverty, Environmental degradation, Crisis management, Political conflict. 1038 Timberlake, Lloyd. Africa in Crisis: The Causes, the Cures of Environmental Bankruptcy. 2nd ed. London: Earthscan, 1988.203 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Natural resource management, Famine, Energy use, Apartheid, Refugees, Environmental analysis, Environmental degradation. KEYWORDS: overgrazing; overcultivation. Demonstrates that long-term political and economic policies and

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systems lay behind Africa's environmental emergency of 1984-1985. Shows how policies have been depleting Africa's environment and how this makes development impossible, since three-quarters of Africa's population relies on some aspect of the environment for its livelihood.

SEE ALSO 10764.

Foreign Relations

1039 Tolba, Mostafa Kamal. "Desertification in Africa." Land Use Policy: Special Issue: Land Use in Africa 3, no. 4 (October 1986): 260-268. tables. SUBJECTS: Desertification, Drought, Environmental analysis. Examines the destruction of land potential by overuse. Details the effect of overuse on food supply. Recommends solutions to reverse desertification.

1046 Abu-Osba, Saleh K. A Centrist Theory of Afro-Arab Communication: A Model for Development. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Jerusalem International, 1982. 178 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Diplomatic relations, Mass communication, International relations, Cultural identity, Political development, Regional development.

1040 Tricart, Jean L. F. "Quelques réflexions écogéographiques sur le développement rural." In: Le Développement rural en questions: paysages, espaces ruraux, systèmes agraires, edited by Chantai Blanc-Pamard. Paris: ORSTOM, 1984. 1-14 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Natural resource management, Socioeconomic analysis, Appropriate technology, Research methodology, Environmental degradation.

1047 Adede, A. O. 'The legal framework for transnational investment and lending in sub-Saharan Africa." In: Interdependence in a World ofUnequals: African-Arab-OECD Economic Cooperation for Development, edited by Dunstan M. Wai. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1982. 197-231 pp. SUBJECTS: Foreign investment, Natural resource management, Transnational corporations, International law, Economic cooperation. KEYWORDS: OPEC.

1041 UN. River and Lake Basin Development: Proceedings of the United Nations Interregional Meeting on River and Lake Basin Development with Emphasis on the Africa Region. New York: UN, 1990. 428 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Somalia, Chad. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Water supply, Natural resource management. KEYWORDS: Senegal River Basin Development Authority; Lake Chad Basin Commission; Logone River Basin; Shabelle River; Middle Niger Basin. A report on the meeting and a collection of its papers on developing river and lake basins for economic and social development. Addresses the Senegal River, lakes and rivers in Chad, rivers in Somalia, and the Middle Niger Basin across several countries in the Sahel.

1048 Adedeji, Adebayo. "General background to indigenization: The economic dependence of Africa." In: Indigenization of African Economies, edited by Adebayo Adedeji. London: Hutchinson and Company, 1981. 15-28 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic dependency, Decolonization, Foreign aid, Economic development, Export economy, Technology transfer.

1042 UN Environment Program. Environment and Development in Africa: A Study. Oxford, UK: Pergamon, 1981. 86 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic dependency, Ecological analysis, Food scarcity, Environmental degradation, Basic needs. 1043 Vincke, Pierre Pol, and Michael Singleton. Gestion de la faune sauvage: facteur de développement: actes du colloque des 5,6, 7Mai 1982. Dakar, Senegal: Institut des Sciences de l'Environnement, 1982. 312 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Natural resource management, Development planning, Environmental analysis. 1044 Visser, Fritz. "Recent developments in the joint management of international non-maritime water resources in Africa." The Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa 22, no. 1 (1989): 59-92. SUBJECTS: International law, Economic development, Water supply, Natural resource management. KEYWORDS: Lesotho Highlands Water Project; Lake Chad Basin Commission; Niger Basin Authority. Examines the structures and power of existing water development organizations in Africa. Discusses the Lesotho Highlands Water Project as an example of one of the most recently established projects. 1045 Whitaker, C. S. "Addressing the crisis of desertification in Africa." In: Agenda for Action: African-Soviet-U.S. Cooperation, edited by Anatoly A. Gromyko and C. S. Whitaker. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1990. 61-69 pp. SUBJECTS: Environmental analysis, Desertification, International cooperation. KEYWORDS : US-USSR relations. Presents policy problems and options for reversing desertification. Recommends African-USSR-US cooperation at several levels to understand and stop desertification.

1049 Agbi, Sunday O. The Organization ofAfrican Unity and African Diplomacy, 1963-1979. Agodi, Ibadan, Nigeria: Impact Publishers Nigeria, Ltd., 1986. 166 pp. ALSO COVERS: Zimbabwe, Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Pan-Africanism, International relations, Border conflict, Colonialism, Diplomatic relations. KEYWORDS: OAU; Algeria-Morocco Dispute 1963-1970; Ethiopia-Somalia Dispute 1963-1979; Congo Crisis 1960-1965; Lusophone Africa. Discusses African boundary disputes caused by the legacies of colonialism, political instability, White rule in the RSA, and the Arab-Israeli conflict. Studies how the OAU has perceived and sought to solve problems such as these. 1050 Agovi, Kofi Ermeleh. "Consensual politics and development aid in Africa." Présence africaine 143 (1987): 141-149. SUBJECTS: Economic crisis, Foreign aid, Political instability, Corruption, Transnational corporations. KEYWORDS: OAU; African nationalism. Examines development aid that Africa has received, concluding that it has been concentrated on specific projects. Discusses political instability, corruption, the involvement of transnational corporations and banks, and the debt crisis, and their effects on the efficacy of development aid. 1051 Aicardi de Saint-Paul, Marc. La Politique africaine des EtatsUnis: mécanismes et conduite. Paris: Economica, 1984.348 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa, East Africa. SUBJECTS: International politics, International relations, Economic relations, Political ideology, Political conflict. KEYWORDS: Congo Crisis 1960-1965; Nigerian Civil War 1967-1970; Shaba invasions 1977-1978; USAfrica relations; Angolan Civil War 1975-present. 1052 Aicardi de Saint-Paul, Marc. "Les acteurs gouvernementaux dans la politique africaine des Etats-Unis." Afrique contemporaine 149, no. 1 (1989): 25-43. tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, International relations, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: US-Africa relations. Looks at the several US foreign policies toward Africa. Presents the decisionmaking mechanisms at a government level in a larger sense, whether they involve the president, the administration, or the Congress.

AFRICA/Foreign Relations • 69 1053 Aicardi de Saint-Paul, Marc. "Les présidentielles américaines et l'Afrique." Afrique contemporaine 148 (1988): 55-57. ALSO COVERS : Southern Africa. SUBJECTS : International relations, Elections, Foreign aid policy, Regional conflict, Economic development, Debt crisis. KEYWORDS: SADCC; regional destabilization. Examines differences in US political parties with regard to African aid and development, the question of debt, and regional conflicts. Discusses the impact on Africa of the 1988 US presidential elections. 1054 Akindele, R. A. "Africa and the great powers, with particular reference to the United States, the Soviet Union and China." Afrika Spectrum 20, no. 2 (1985): 125-151. tables. SUBJECTS: Superpower politics, Foreign policy, Foreign trade. KEYWORDS: US-Africa relations; USSR-Africa relations; China-Africa relations. 1055 Akinrinade, Olusola. "The Commonwealth and development efforts in Africa." In: Economic Development in Africa, edited by Olusola Akinrinade and J. Kurt Barling. London: Pinter, 1987. 149174 pp. S U B J E C T S : Technical assistance, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: Commonwealth FundforTechnical Cooperation; Special Commonwealth African Assistance Plan; Commonwealth Programme of Technical Assistance. Discusses the role of the Commonwealth in assisting the development of the former British colonies in Africa. Explores the promotion of technical cooperation through the CFTC and the manner in which it uses resources available within developing countries themselves. 1056 Akinyemi, A. Bolaji. "Africa—challenges and responses: A foreign policy perspective." Dœdalus 111, no. 2 (1982): 243-254. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa, Nigeria. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Political crisis, Political instability, Nationalism. KEYWORDS: OAU; UN. 1057 Albright, David E. Soviet Policy toward Africa Revisited. Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies, 1987. 76 pp. SUBJECTS: Socialism, Geopolitics, International relations, Military aid, Economic interdependence, Superpower politics. KEYWORDS: USSR-Africa relations. Tracks changes in USSR objectives, assumptions, and strategy from the late 1950s to the 1980s. Documents the extent to which the USSR has attempted to establish relations with the full spectrum of governments and movements in Africa. 1058 Aluko, Olajide. "Africa and the great powers." In: Africa and the International Political System, edited by Timothy Shaw and 'Sola Ojo. Washington, DC: University Press of America, 1982. 15-40 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Nation building, International relations, Foreign trade, Superpower politics, Political development, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization); OAU. 1059 Aluko, Olajide. "Ideology and the foreign policies of African states." The Jerusalem Journal of International Relations 9, no. 1 (1987): 121-134. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Ideologies, Pan-Africanism, Diplomatic relations. KEYWORDS: African Marxism. Discusses how ideology affects the way African countries align themselves in global politics, and their approaches to Pan-African and local interstate issues. Considers survival, economics, and historical legacies as more powerful than ideology in determining foreignpolicymaking and behavior. 1060 Amin, Samir. "Crisis: The Third World, North-South and EastWest." In: Africa: Perspectives on Peace and Development, edited by Emmanuel Hansen. London: Zed, 1987.27-33 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Capitalism, Economic development, International relations, Marxist analysis, National development. KEYWORDS: IMF.

Discusses the globalization of the world system using a Marxist analysis. States that the current period of crisis has revealed both the economic and political instability of national bourgeois development. 1061 Anafu, Moses. "Les relations soviéto-africaines: une perspective historique." Politique étrangère 53, no. 3 (1988): 719-728. SUBJECTS: International relations, Colonialism, Economic interdependence, Diplomatic relations, Conflict resolution. KEYWORDS: USSR-Africa relations. Provides an historical look at the relations between the USSR and a variety of African countries, focusing on Angola, Guinea Bissau, and Mozambique. 1062 Anise, Ladun. "Foreign military intervention in Africa: The new co-operative-competitive imperialism." In: Africa in World Politics: Into the 1990s, edited by Ralph I. Onwuka and Timothy M. Shaw. Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan, 1989. 152-179 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Military intervention, Decolonization, Transnational corporations. KEYWORDS: US-Africa relations. Analyzes the structure of past interventions in Africa, with special emphasis on military intervention up to the time of the US raid on Libya in 1986. Discusses emerging patterns in terms of both cooperative and competitive foreign intervention in African affairs. 1063 Anonymous. "La nouvelle politique de coopération du RPR." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 243/244 (1986): 3-33. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign aid, Cultural policy, Political development, Commercial sector. KEYWORDS: France-Africa relations; RPR (Rassemblement pour la République). Examines cooperation in France-Africa relations as opposed to confrontation, evident in each of the major economic sectors of African countries. 1064 Arlinghaus, Bruce E, ed. African Security Issues: Sovereignty, Stability, and Solidarity. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1984.229 pp. SUBJECTS: Superpower politics, National security, International politics, State politics, Liberation movement, Ethnicity, Religion. 1065 Asante, S. K. B. "Development and regional integration since 1980." In: Economic Crisis in Africa: African Perspectives on Development Problems and Potentials, edited by Adebayo Adedeji and Timothy M. Shaw. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1985. 79-99 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic integration, International cooperation, Economic development, Trade policy. KEYWORDS: SADCC; ECA; OAU; Lagos Plan of Action 1980; ECOWAS. 1066 Asante, S. K. B. "Expectations and reality: Transnational corporations and regional self-reliance objectives of the Lagos Plan of Action." In: AfricanDevelopment: The OAUIECA Plan of Action and Beyond, edited by Ralph I. Onwuka, 'Layi Abegunrin, and Dhanjoo N. Ghista. Lawrenceville, Virginia: Brunswick, 1985. 103-116 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, International politics, Economic development, Self-reliance, Transnational corporations. KEYWORDS: OAU; Lagos Plan of Action 1980. 1067 Asante, S. K. B. "International assistance and international capitalism: Supportive or counterproductive?" In: African Independence: The First Twenty-Five Years, edited by Gwendolen M. Carter and Patrick O'Meara. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1985. 249-274 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Somalia. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign aid, International finance, Economic development. KEYWORDS: Pearson Commission Report 1970; IMF; World Bank; EEC; Lagos Plan of Action 1980. 1068 Asante, S. K. B> "Lomé Convention: Towards perpetuation of dependence or promotion of interdependence?" Third World Quarter-

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ly 3, no. 4 (October 1981): 658-672. ALSO COVERS: Togo. SUBJECTS : International relations, International economic system, NorthSouth relations. KEYWORDS: ACP (African, Caribbean, and Pacific Countries); STABEX (stabilization of export earnings from commodities); EEC. 1069 Asante, S. K. B. 'The New International Economic Order and the problem of controlling multinational corporations in Africa." In: The Future of Africa and the New International Economic Order, edited by Ralph I. Onwuku and Olajide Aluko. London: Macmillan, 1986. 17-34 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Transnational corporations, Foreign trade, Economic integration. KEYWORDS: New International Economic Order; ECOWAS; Grupo Andino. Focuses on the role of the transnational corporation in Africa and argues that regional groupings in many cases may be able to control the activities of transnationals. Stresses the need for cooperation among African countries to achieve this. 1070 Azevedo, Mario J. "The Organization of African Unity and Afro-Arab cooperation." Africa Today 35, no. 3/4 (1988): 68-80. SUBJECTS: International relations, International cooperation, Conflict resolution, Oil industry. KEYWORDS: OAU; Arab-Africa relations; League of Arab States. Analyzes the evolution of Africa-Arab cooperation within the context of the OAU and the League of Arab States. Discusses the disruption of relations during the 1970s. Assesses the prospects for future mutual understanding. 1071 Bach, Daniel. La Politique africaine de Valéry Giscardd'Estaing : contraintes historiques et nouveaux espaces économiques. Bordeaux, France: Centre d'Etude d'Afrique Noire, 1984. 29 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, International relations, Military intervention, Intervention policy, Diplomatie relations. KEYWORDS: FranceAfrica relations; Giscard d'Estaing, Valéry. 1072 Bach, Daniel C. "La Politique française en Afrique après le 10 Mai 1981." Année africaine (1981): 236-253. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Geopolitics, Human rights, Development financing, Development policy. KEYWORDS: GUNT (Gouvernement d'Union Nationale Transitionnel); OAU; SWAPO; France-Africa relations. 1073 Bailleux, Aymeric. "La Communauté Economique Européenne et les pays en voie de développement." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 35, no. 4 (October/December 1981): 898-917. biblio. SUBJECTS: International relations, Development planning, Economic development, Regional development, Foreign aid policy, Foreign capital. KEYWORDS: EEC. 1074 Barnery, Jean. "De la solidarité au désenchantement." Géopolitique africaine no. 2 (June 1986): 157-173. ALSO COVERS: Côte d'Ivoire. SUBJECTS: International relations, Arab nations, Diplomatie relations, Oil industry, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: IsraelAfrica relations; Egypt-Israel Treaty 1979. Discusses Israel's relations with Africa and support for the Arab bloc. States that beginning with the Camp David accords, African nations began to renegotiate ties with Israel, severing bonds that were forming between the Arab bloc and Africa. 1075 Baskin, V. S. "Technical aid of capitalist states to African countries." Africa in Soviet Studies (1983): 169-181. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign aid, Foreign policy, Technical assistance, Capitalism. KEYWORDS: USSR-Africa relations. 1076 Bastiste, Angel D. "Technology transfer: U. S. private sector policies and practices." African Studies Association Papers 25, no. 10 (November 1982): 1-11. tables. SUBJECTS: Transnational corporations, Private investment, Foreign investment, Technology transfer,

Import policy, Manufacturing sector, Research and development. 1077 Bayart, Jean-François. La Politique africaine de François Mitterrand. Paris: Karthala, 1984. 149 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: International relations, Political ideology, Foreign policy, Diplomatic relations. KEYWORDS: France-Africa relations; Mitterrand, François. 1078 Belay, Leslie. 'The issue of brain drain from Africa." African Studies Association Papers 27, no. 9 (October 1984): 1-17. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria, Ghana. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Human resources development, Technical assistance, Foreign aid, Demographic analysis, Higher education, Migration. KEYWORDS: brain drain. 1079 Bender, Gerald J., James S. Coleman, and Richard L. Sklar, eds. African Crisis Areas and U.S. Foreign Policy. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, 1985. 373 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, International relations, Political analysis, Foreign aid, Political crisis. 1080 Bender, Gerald J., and Craig A. Johnson. "The modernizing link: Cooperation in telecommunications development in Africa." In: Agenda for Action: African-Soviet-U.S. Cooperation, edited by Anatoly A. Gromyko and C. S. Whitaker. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1990. 137-147 pp. SUBJECTS: Mass communication, Foreign aid, International cooperation. KEYWORDS: telecommunications; COPUOS (Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space); US-USSR relations. Emphasizes the need for improved telecommunications in Africa, as well as other basic services. Recommends directions for US-USSR cooperation to aid the provision of such services. 1081 Bendo-Soupou, Dominique. "La Politique des accords culturels de l'URSS envers les pays africains (première partie)." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 219/220 (1984): 3-24. SUBJECTS: International relations, Political culture, Foreign aid policy, Diplomatie relations. KEYWORDS: USSR-Africa relations; UNESCO; UN. 1082 Bendo-Soupou, Dominique. "La Politique des accords culturels de l'URSS envers les pays africains (deuxième partie)." Le Mois en Afrique : études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 221/222 (1984): 35-49. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: USSR-Africa relations; Déclarations sur les Principes des Relations d'Amitié et de Coopération 197; Traités d'Amitié et de Coopération 1971-1976; UN; UNESCO. 1083 Benoit, Jean-Paul. Indispensable Afrique. Paris: Mondes en Devenir, 1986.179 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, International cooperation, Foreign policy, Economic relations, Apartheid. KEYWORDS: France-Africa relations; Houphouët-Boigny, Félix; Senghor, Léopold Sédar; Bongo, Omar; Mobutu Sese Seko. Looks at the history of economic assistance and relations between France and the African areas it colonized. Assesses apartheid and its demise as well. Gives portraits of four African presidents who have figured strongly in Franco-African relations. 1084 Berg, Robert J. "Foreign aid in Africa: Here's the answer—Is it relevant to the question?" In: Strategies for African Development, edited by Robert J. Berg and Jennifer Seymour Whitaker. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, 1986. 505-543 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: donor agency; US-Africa relations; World Bank. Analyzes the effectiveness of aid to Africa and suggests how to increase the benefits aid can bring to Africa. 1085 B e r m e j o ,

Romualdo.

"Réflexions

sur

l'aide

au

AFRICA/Foreign Relations • 71 développement." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 40, no. 1/2 (January/June 1986): 37-62. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Foreign aid policy, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: CAD (Comité d'Aide au Développement); APD (Aide Publique au Développement). Examines the structure of aid directed at developing nations. Suggests industrialized nations need to follow certain ethical guidelines if their aid policies are going to be effective. 1086 Bermingham, Jack, and Edwin Clausen. "Sino-African Relations 1949-1976r Munger Africana Library Notes 59/60(July 1981): 9-44. maps. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania, Zaire. SUBJECTS: International relations, Colonialism, Political independence, Nationalism, Nonaligned nation, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS : China-Africa relations. 1087 Beshir, Mohamed Omer. Terramedia, Themes in Afro-Arab Relations. London: Ithaca, 1982.205 pp. SUBJECTS: Trade relations, Cultural identity, International relations, Arab nations, Regional integration, Decolonization, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: African nationalism; Arab-Africa relations. 1088 Beti, Mongo. "Carrefour du développement ou la déconfiture du national-Tiers-Mondisme mitterrandiste." Peuples noirs; peuples africains 9, no. 52 (July/August 1986): 4-20. SUBJECTS : International relations, Economic development, Corruption, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: French Socialist party; Mitterrand, François; FranceAfrica relations. Examines the development policies of President François Mitterrand and the French Socialist party. Addresses the attitudes of the French government toward the Third World. 1089 Bienen, Henry. "Soviet political relations with Africa." International Security 7, no. 4 (Spring 1983): 153-173. ALSO COVERS: Ethiopia, Angola. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic aid, Military aid, Strategic policy, Marxism-Leninism, North-South relations. 1090 Bird, Graham. "Financial flows to developing countries: The role of the International Monetary Fund." Review of International Studies7, no. 2 (1981): 91-105. SUBJECTS: Economic development, International economic system, Underdevelopment, Political stability, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: economic stabilization. 1091 Bissell, Richard E., and Michael S. Radu, eds. Africa in the Post-Decolonization Era. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction, 1984.263 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Decolonization, Military government, Agricultural policy, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: Pax Africana; US-Africa relations; African Marxism; US AID; OAU. 1092 Bissell, Richard E. "Introduction to the new Africa." In: Africa in the Post-Decolonization Era, edited by Richard E. Bissell and Michael S. Radu. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction, 1984. 1-13 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Decolonization, Independence movement, Transnational corporations, Political independence. KEYWORDS: OAU; New International Economic Order; SADCC.

Henriksen. Stanford, California: Hoover Institution Press, Stanford University, 1981. 1-22 pp. ALSO COVERS: Angola. SUBJECTS: International relations, Geopolitics, Technical assistance. KEYWORDS: USSR-Africa relations; USSR-Angola relations. 1095 Biyoya Makutu, B. K. "L'Intégration politique de l'Afrique à partir de l'OUA: notes sur le neo-panafricanisme." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 243/244 (1986): 46-54. SUBJECTS: International relations, Regional integration, Pan-Africanism, Superpower politics. KEYWORDS: OAU. Examines and accounts for the failure of political integration within Africa in light of the OAU. Concludes that the OAU needs to redefine its organization and African governments need to take a more active role in world politics. 1096 Boardman, Robert, Timothy M. Shaw, and Panayotis Soldatos, eds. Europe, Africa and Lomé III. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1985. 158 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic integration, International cooperation, North-South relations. KEYWORDS: ACP (African, Caribbean, and Pacific Countries) ; Europe-Africa relations ; Lomé con ventions ; Lagos Plan of Action 1980. 1097 Boardman, Robert. "Introduction." In: Europe, Africa and Lomé III, edited by Robert Boardman, Timothy M. Shaw, and Panayotis Soldatos. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1985. 3-12 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, North-South relations, Trade policy. KEYWORDS: EEC; Lomé conventions. 1098 Breen, Rita M., ed. Papers and Addresses Presented at the Harvard University Conference on United States Policy Toward Africa, April 1977. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Committee on African Studies, Harvard University, 1981. 379 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign aid, Foreign policy, International relations, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: US-Africa relations; African-Americans. 1099 Brodhead,Tim. "If Africa is the question, is NGO the answer?" International JournalAX,no. 4 (Autumn 1986): 869-881. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign aid, Economic aid, Famine, Resource distribution, Nongovernmental organization. KEYWORDS: CIDA (Canadian International Development Agency); MacDonald, David; Canada-Africa relations. Focuses on the period between 1984 and 1986, when nongovernmental organizations in Canada were spurred to provide economic relief to drought- and famine-stricken African nations. Credits continuing media attention on the crisis for generating donations that saved many thousands who would have perished without the aid. 1100 Browne, Robert S. "International resource mobilization for the Lagos Plan of Action: ADB and self-finance." In: Economic Crisis in Africa: African Perspectives on Development Problems and Potentials, edited by Adebayo Adedeji and Timothy M. Shaw. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1985. 155-165 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign aid, Financial system, Resource distribution. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; EEC; World Bank; SADCC; IFC (International Finance Corporation).

1093 Bissell, Richard E. "Soviet military aid to Africa." Journal of Contemporary African Studies 1, no. 1 (October 1981): 1-18. tables. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa, North Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Military aid, Civil war, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: USSR-Ethiopia relations; Cuba-Africa relations; USSR-Africa relations.

1101 Bush, Rod. 'The United States and South Africa in a period of world crisis." In: Proletarianization and Class Struggle in Africa, edited by Bernard Magubane and Nzongola-Ntalaja. San Francisco, California: Synthesis, 1983. 1-13 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Hegemony, Dependency theory, Class struggle, Socialism, International relations, Decolonization. KEYWORDS: US-RSA relations.

1094 Bissell, Richard E. "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics." In: Communist Powers and Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Thomas H.

1102 Camara, Sylvain. "La convention de Lomé et les investissements étrangers dans le tiers monde." Afrique contemporaine 132

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(October/December 1984): 3-9. ALSO COVERS: Togo. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign investment, Foreign trade, Foreign aid, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: Lomé Convention 1979; EEC. 1103 Carlsson, Jerker, ed. South-South Relations in a Changing World Order. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1982.166 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Geopolitics, International economic relations, Technology transfer, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS : Brazil-Africa relations ; Brazil-Nigeria relations; South-South relations. 1104 Chaigneau, Pascal, and Richard Sola. "La Corée du Nord, puissance africaine." L'Afrique et l'Asie modernes 146 (1985): 52-75. ALSO COVERS: Libya. SUBJECTS: International relations, Diplomatic relations, Power politics, Political alliance. KEYWORDS: North Korea-Africa relations. 1105 Chaigneau, Pascal. "La Stratégie soviétique en Afrique." L'Afrique et l'Asie modernes 143 (1984/1985): 99-115. ALSO COVERS: Mozambique. SUBJECTS: International relations, Socialist government, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: USSR-Mozambique relations; MPLA; USSR-Africa relations. 1106 Chaliand, Gerard. The Struggle for Africa: Conflict of the Great Powers. New York: St. Martin's, 1982. 157 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Superpower politics, Geopolitics, Foreign policy, Strategic policy, Regional security, Regional conflict. KEYWORDS: US-Africa relations; USSR-Africa relations. 1107 Chan, Stephen. Issues in International Relations: A View from Africa. London: Macmillan, 1987. 214 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Zambia. SUBJECTS: Military alliance, International relations, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: disarmament; New International Economic Order; South-South relations. Attempts to redress the imbalance perpetuated by works on international relations that involve Africa but provide an outsider's view. Describes major issues within the discipline with a view to facilitating discussion in universities in developing countries. 1108 Che-Mponda, Aleck Humphrey. "Charter of the Organization of African Unity and problems of African unity." African Study Monographs 5 (March 1987): 53-63. SUBJECTS: International relations, Decolonization, International politics. KEYWORDS: OAU. Examines the development of the OAU, its goals and objectives. 1109 Chikeka, Charles O. Britain, France, and the New African States: A Study of Post Independence Relationships, 1960-1985. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen, 1990. 244 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Trade relations, Foreign aid, Technical assistance, International relations, National security. KEYWORDS: UK-Africa relations; FranceAfrica relations. Focuses on Africa's postcolonial ties with the UK and France. Argues that the relationship has changed little in terms of trade, aid, and investment since colonialism. Examines Africa's increased dependence and recommends how it could be reduced. 1110 Clayton, Anthony. "Foreign intervention in Africa." In: Military Power and Politics in Black Africa, edited by Simon Baynham. London: Croom Helm, 1986. 203-258 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Military intervention, Historical, analysis, Arms industry, Marxism-Leninism. KEYWORDS: FROLLNAT (Front de Libération Nationale Tchadienne); FNLA (Frente Nacional de Libertaçâo de Angola). Analyzes foreign military intervention in Africa, dealing specifically with relations with France, the USSR, the US, and the UK. 1111 Clute, Robert E. "The American-Soviet confrontation in Africa: Its impact on the politics of Africa." Journal of Asian and African

Studies 24, no. 3/4 (July/October 1989): 159-169. tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Superpower politics, Military aid, Strategic policy, International relations. KEYWORDS: UNITA; SADCC. Examines US-USSR relations and their effects on Africa's political and economic development. States that US policy in the 1970s was geared toward economic aid and has become increasingly oriented toward strategic interests. Contends that support for the RS A has been an important part of this strategy. 1112 Codo, Leon Cesar. "Israel et l'Afrique noire (aspects récents): de l'ère des ruptures à l'heure du nouveau réalisme pro-Israélien (première partie)." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 233/234 (1985): 3-25. SUBJECTS: International relations, Arab nations, Foreign aid, Diplomatie relations, Economic cooperation. KEYWORDS: Israel-Africa relations; Arab-Africa relations; Egypt-Israel Treaty 1979. 1113 Codo, Leon Cesar. "Israel et l'Afrique noire (aspects récents): de l'ère des ruptures à l'heure du nouveau réalisme pro-Israélien (deuxième partie)." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 235/236 (1985): 36-51. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Diplomatie relations, Economic relations, Arab nations, Foreign aid policy. KEYWORDS: Israel-Africa relations. 1114 Codo, Leon Cesar. "L'Afrique noire et Israel: inversion d'une dynamique diplomatique." Politique africaine no. 30 (June 1988): 50-68. SUBJECTS: International relations, Diplomatic relations, Islamic society. KEYWORDS: Israel-Africa relations; Arab-Africa relations; Arab-Israeli relations; Pan-Arabism. Asserts that Israel's political comeback in Africa represents the reversal of a diplomatic offensive that united Africa and the Arab world in the 1970s. Suggests that the reestablishment of diplomatic relations with Israel by African states constitutes a strategy aimed at acquiring or enlarging external support needed to solve internal problems. 1115 Codo, Léon César. "Israel's return to sub-Saharan Africa." The Jerusalem Journal of International Relations 11, no. 1 (1989): 58-73. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign trade, Arms industry, International politics. KEYWORDS: Israel-Africa relations. Discusses the active trading relationship that Israel has maintained with many sub-Saharan nations despite the continued absence of formal diplomatic relations. Suggests that the continued expansion of such trade relations represents a normalization of relations even if they are not officially recognized. 1116 Coker, Christopher. "Neo-conservatism and Africa: Some common American fallacies." Third World Quarterly 5, no. 2 (April 1983): 283-299. ALSO COVERS: Namibia, Zimbabwe. SUBJECTS: International relations. KEYWORDS: Acheson, Dean; Ball, George; Kennan, George Frost; SWAPO. 1117 Colloque CHEAM, ed. Les pays du Pacifique et de l'Afrique: colloque organisé par le Centre des Hautes Etudes sur l'Afrique et l'Asie Moderne (CHEAM), l'Institut du Pacifique. Paris: CHEAM (Centre des Hautes Etudes sur l'Afrique et l'Asie Mod), 1988.179 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: International relations, International economic relations, Economic development, Regional development. KEYWORDS: CHEAM (Centre des Hautes Etudes sur l'Afrique et l'Asie Moderne). Provides an insightful analysis of the international and economic organization of African, Caribbean, and Pacific countries. Looks at their economic development program in terms of South-South and North-South flow. 1118 Constantin, François. "Les Relations politiques arabo-

AFRICA/Foreign Relations • 7 3 africaines contemporaines." Sociétés africaines, monde arabe et culture islamique 1 (1981): 323-353. SUBJECTS: International relations, Arab nations, Political ideology, International politics. KEYWORDS: Arab-Africa relations. 1119 Constantin, François, and Bernard Contamin. "Perspectives africaines et bouleversements internationaux." Politique africaine no. 39 (September 1990): 55-67. SUBJECTS: International cooperation, International economic relations, Economic reform. KEYWORDS: marginalization; clientelism; Afro-optimism. Analyzes the movement of African states toward the current level of internationalization. Claims that the current political situation in Africa resembles that of the immediate postcolonial one and that clientelism is thriving because of the uncompetitiveness of African economies. States that this situation has opened Africa up for international economic interventions. 1120 Coquery-Vidrovitch, Catherine. "The transfer of economic power in French-speaking West Africa." In: Decolonization and African Independence: The Transfers of Power, 1960-1980, edited by Presser Gifford and Wm. Roger Louis. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1988.105-134 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Decolonization, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: Francophone Africa; Lomé conventions; EEC. Discusses how a large portion of French-speaking Africa appears to continue to have strong economic as well as political ties with France, but does not seem to be any better off economically than other African countries. 1121 Crane, Barbara B. "Policy coordination by major Western powers in bargaining with the Third World: Debt relief and the Common Fund." International Organization 38, no. 3 (1984): 399428. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Debt crisis, Foreign aid policy, International economic relations, Debt financing, North-South relations, International cooperation. KEYWORDS: Common Fund. 1122 Culverson, Donald. 'The U.S. Information Agency in Africa." TransAfrica Forum 6, no. 2 (Winter 1989): 61-80. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, Mass communication, Power politics, International relations. KEYWORDS: USIA (US Information Agency). Summarizes the impact of a crisis-oriented US foreign policy on the operations of the USIA in Africa. Discusses the continual reversal of policies from one US administration to another. Notes the shift in the Nixon era to strong support of the RSA regime as a deterrant to Soviet expansionism. 1123 Cummings, Robert J. "La Politique américaine à l'égard de 1 ' Afrique : continuité et changement, 1958-1988." Politique étrangère 53, no. 3 (1988): 693-706. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Foreign trade, Economic development, Conflict resolution, Diplomatic relations, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: USAfrica relations. Examines continuity and change in Africa policies of the US. Shows how a lack of historical perspective and the notable ignorance of real US national interests has resulted in the inability of the US to form a coherent Africa-specific policy under any administration since 1958. 1124 Curry, Robert L. "African private sector and U.S. policy." The Journal of Modern African Studies 20, no. 3 (September 1982): 503-511. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: US-Africa relations; US AID. 1125 d'Adesky, Jacques. "Les Relations économiques Brésil-Afrique dans le contexte des rapports internationaux." Africa Development/Afrique et développement 9, no. 1 (1984): 31-39. SUBJECTS: International economic relations, Foreign policy, Division of labor. KEYWORDS: North-South relations; Brazil-Africa relations; New

International Economic Order. 1126 Daddieh, Cyril Kofie. "Recovering Africa's self-sufficiency in food and agriculture." In: Economic Crisis in Africa: African Perspectives on Development Problems and Potentials, edited by Adebayo Adedeji and Timothy M. Shaw. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1985.187-200 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Food scarcity, Agricultural production, Crisis management, International economic relations, Nongovernmental organization. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980. 1127 Dagut, Jean-Luc. "L'Afrique, la France et le monde dans le discours giscardien." Politique africaine 2, no. 5 (February 1982): 19-27. SUBJECTS: International relations, Hegemony, Regional security. KEYWORDS: Giscard d'Estaing, Valéry. 1128 Davidson, Basil. "Thirty years of liberation struggle." Africa Today 34, no. 4 (1987): 5-16. SUBJECTS: International relations, Intervention policy, Power politics, Decolonization, Political violence, Superpower politics. KEYWORDS: African nationalism. Discusses the years of political upheaval in Africa, accompanied by military intervention and East-West power politics. Analyzes the unrealized hopes of the African nations. Indicates that postindependence failures and setbacks have not been solely the result of external aggression and subversion. 1129 de Montferrand, Bernard. "L'Evolution des relations francoafricaines." Politique étrangère 53, no. 3 (1988): 681-692. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Economic development, Private investment, Military aid, Political conflict. KEYWORDS: France-Africa relations. Discusses French relations with Africa, a major preoccupation of French foreign policy, with special attention given to development assistance. 1130 de St. Jorre, John. "Africa: Crisis of confidence." Foreign Affairs 61, no. 3 (1982): 675-691. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign aid, Diplomatic relations, Imperialism. KEYWORDS: World Bank; POLISARIO; S ADR (Saharan Arab Democratic Republic); Moi, Daniel arap; Berg Report 1981. 1131 Decalo, Samuel. 'The rise, decline and rebirth of Afro-Israeli entente." Journal of Contemporary African Studies 8/9, no. 1/2 (1989/90): 3-25. SUBJECTS: International relations, Diplomatic relations. KEYWORDS: Israel-Africa relations; Yom Kippur War 1973. Provides an overview of Israel-Africa diplomatic relations since the 1950s. States that these relations were good until the Yom Kippur War of 1973, which turned most of the African countries against Israel. Maintains that relations have become better and are more on a countryby-country basis than before. 1132 Degtyar, Dimitri. "Economic, scientific and technical cooperation." In: The USSR and Africa, edited by Anatoly Gromyko. Moscow, USSR: Social Sciences Today Editorial Board, USSR Academy of Sciences, 1983. 92-107 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign aid, Economic cooperation. KEYWORDS: USSRAfrica relations; technical cooperation. 1133 DeLancey, Mark. African International Relations: An Annotated Bibliography. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1981. 380 pp. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Foreign policy, Economic relations, International conflict, International politics. KEYWORDS: USSR-Africa relations; US-Africa relations; UK-Africa relations; France-Africa relations; China-Africa relations. 1134 Dellums, Ronald V. "US military aid to the Third World." TransAfrica Forum 1, no. 3 (Winter 1983): 9-22. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Intervention policy,

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Colonialism, Superpower politics, Arms industry, National liberation movement, Foreign policy, Military aid. KEYWORDS: Monroe Doctrine 1823. 1135 Der Thiam, Iba. "Les Problèmes internationaux et régionaux de l ' A f r i q u e noire." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 194/195 (1982): 16-34. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: North-South relations, Development planning, Foreign aid, Regional development, Decolonization, Technology transfer, Food production. 1136 Desfosses, Helen. "USSR and Africa." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 16, no. 1 (1987): 3-10. SUBJECTS: International relations, Strategic policy, Foreign aid policy. KEYWORDS: Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich; Horn of Africa; USSR-Africa relations. States that the establishment of state-to-state relations, promotion of ideology, and furtherance of strategic interests are the goals of USSR Africa policy. Discusses USSR relations with a variety of African countries. 1137 Diagne, Pathé. "Mitterrand, la gauche, l'Afrique et le TiersMonde." Peuples noirs; peuples africains 5, no. 27 (May/June 1982): 5-20. SUBJECTS: International relations, Underdevelopment, Economic dependency, Trade policy, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: France-Africa relations. 1138 Diaz-Briquets, Sergio, ed. Cuban Internationalism in SubSaharan Africa. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Duquesne University Press, 1989.211 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa. SUBJECTS : International relations, Foreign policy, Military intervention, Technical assistance, Political history, Diplomatic relations, Bibliography. KEYWORDS: Cuba-Africa relations; Angola-Namibia relations; Tripartite Accord Among Angola, Cuba, and RSA 1988. Provides an assessment of what African involvement has meant to Cuba and how relations may evolve in the future. Contains contributions from Southern Africa and Cuban specialists who examine political, economic, social, and military ramifications of Cuba's involvement in Southern Africa. 1139 Diaz-Briquets, Sergio, and Jorge Pérez-Lopez. "International civilian assistance: The Cuban presence in sub-Saharan Africa." In: Cuban Internationalism in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Sergio DiazBriquets. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Duquesne University Press, 1989. 48-77 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign aid, Technical assistance, Public health, Education system. KEYWORDS: Cuba-Africa relations. Uses mainly Cuban sources, offers a selective examination of how Cuba was able to provide technical assistance to Cuba and reasons why it has chosen to do so. Focuses on the areas in which Cuban assistance has been concentrated. 1140 Dickson, David. United States foreign policy towards subSaharan Africa. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1985. 195 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: International politics, Foreign aid policy, International relations, Diplomatic relations. KEYWORDS: US-Africa relations. 1141 Diur, Katond. 'Théorie et pratique du dialogue Nord-Sud dans les relations internationales contemporaines." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 203/204 (1983): 66-99. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, NorthSouth relations, Foreign aid policy, Decolonization. KEYWORDS: New International Economic Order. 1142 Dubey, Ajay Kumar. "Indo-African economic relations (1651985): A case of South-South interaction." Africa Quarterly 27, no. 3/4 (1987/1988): 49-79. tables. SUBJECTS: Trade relations, International economic relations, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS : India-Africa relations; South-South relations.

Discusses economic relations between India and Africa, particularly Indian foreign policy and the role of its bureaucrats. Emphasizes trade and production cooperation. Argues that to develop genuine South-South cooperation, more attention and research are needed. 1143 Duhamel, Bernard. La Coopération trilaterale: les relations entre l'Europe, l'Afrique et le monde arabe. Paris: Sycomore, 1982. 108 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Arab nations, Import policy, Foreign aid, Islamic society, Export policy. KEYWORDS: EEC; OPEC; core-periphery relations; Europe-Africa relations; Arab-Africa relations. 1144 Duignan, Peter. "Africa from a globalist perspective." In: African Crisis Areas and U.S. Foreign Policy, edited by Gerald J. Bender, James S. Coleman, and Richard L. Sklar. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, 1985.291-307 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Superpower politics. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; ANC; MPLA; SWAPO; UNITA. 1145 Dujardin, Bruno. "Aide internationale: l'offre correspond-elle aux besoins?" Politique africaine no. 28 (December 1987): 65-80. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign aid, Health care policy, Sanitation, Nongovernmental organization. KEYWORDS: Francophone Africa. Suggests that the problem of managing aid money is complex and that the priorities of donor organizations often differ from those of the host country. Examines health care aid in Africa, specifically Francophone Africa. Asserts that there are several contradictions between foreign aid and health care. 1146 Editors of the Review of African Political Economy. 'The multinationals in Africa." In: Political Economy of Africa: Selected Readings, edited by Dennis L. Cohen and John Daniel. London: Longman, 1981. 67-84 pp. SUBJECTS: Transnational corporations, Capital accumulation, Underdevelopment, International economic system. 1147 Edoh, Tony. "Issues in OPEC's aid to developing countries: The general context." In: Nigerian Alternatives, edited by Okello Oculi. Zaria, Nigeria: Gaskiya Corporation, 1987.249-270 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Foreign aid, Oil industry, Development financing, Arab nations, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: OPEC; Saudi Arabia-Africa relations; Kuwait-Africa relations; United Arab Emirates—Africa relations. States that OPEC has begun to provide developing nations with a significant amount of development aid. Describes OPEC as originally favoring Arab nations, but today funding projects throughout the Third World. Provides an overview of OPEC's development assistance programs and problems. 1148 Edoh, Tony. "Western powers, the United Nations and decolonization in Africa." Nigerian Journal of Political Science 5, no. 1/2 (1987): 89-104. SUBJECTS: Decolonization, International relations, Diplomatic relations, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: UN; UN Charter; US-Africa relations; USSR-Africa relations. Examines the role of the UN in the decolonization of Africa. Demonstrates the complexity of the relationships between African states and the Western powers within the organization. Claims that African countries should continue to use the UN as a forum to mobilize world opinion against apartheid. 1149 Ehrlich, Thomas, and Catherine Gwin. "Third world strategy." Foreign Policy no. 44 (1981): 145-166. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Economic development, Population growth, National security, Private investment. 1150 El-Ayouty, Yassin. "Future of the OAU: As seen from its

AFRICA/Foreign Relations • 7 5 nineteenth summit." In: The OAU after Twenty Years, edited by Yassin El-Ayouty and I. William Zartman. New York: Praeger, 1984. 327354 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Political analysis, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: OAU; SADR (Saharan Arab Democratic Republic). 1151 Elias, T. O., and Richard Akinjide, eds .Africa and the Development of International Law. 2nd ed. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1988.297 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: International law, Human rights, Foreign investment, International relations. KEYWORDS: OAU; UN; International Court of Justice; Law of the Sea Convention 1982; African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 1981. Looks at Africa's contribution to the development of international law. Considers the development of legal institutions in Africa. Examines the evolution of various conventions on human rights and freedoms. Studies the participation of African states in communications law. 1152 Elyanov, A. Ya. 'The struggle for a new international economic order." Africa in Soviet Studies (1987): 89-103. SUBJECTS: Economic development, International cooperation, International economic relations, Decolonization, Transnational corporations. KEYWORDS: New International Economic Order. Argues for the need to restructure the current world economic system in order to address problems of dependence and underdevelopment in Third World economies. Outlines how restructuring would increase the modern productive forces in emerging nations. Discusses the activities of the Group of 77. 1153 Fajana, Olufemi. "Post-war international economic order: Development trends in the flow of trade, aid, loans and private foreign investment." In: Nigeria's Economic Relations with the Major Developed Market-Economy Countries, 1960-1985, edited R. A. Akindele and Bassey E. Ate. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 1988. 28-53 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign trade, Foreign investment, Foreign aid, Private investment, Monetary exchange. KEYWORDS: UN Monetary and Financial Conference 1944; GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade); New International Economic Order. Explores the relationship between the developed and developing world. Assesses general trends in world trade, the changing patterns of international financial flows, and demands for a New International Economic Order. 1154 Foltz, William J., and Henry S. Bienen, eds. Arms and the African: Military Influences on Africa's International Relations. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1985. 221 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Military policy, Power politics, Defense policy, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: USSR-Africa relations; France-Africa relations; militarization. 1155 Forrest, Tom. "Brazil and Africa: Geopolitics, trade and technology in the South Atlantic." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 81, no. 322 (January 1982): 3-20. tables. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria, Angola. SUBJECTS: International economic relations, Foreign policy, Foreign trade, Geopolitics. KEYWORDS: Portugal-RSA relations. 1156 Founou-Tchuigoua, Bernard, and Charbel Zarour. "Bilan d'une décennie de la coopération économique arabo-africaine: quelques points de repères analytiques." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 11, no. 2/3 (1986): 31-68. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign aid, Dependency theory. KEYWORDS: Arab bloc; BADEA (Banque Arabe pour le Développement Economique en Afrique). Analyzes Arab-Africa relations since the mid-1970s. Asserts that Arab aid to Africa actually tightened African dependence on the West.

1157 Founou-Tchuigoua, Bernard. "La coopération économique afro-arabe: nécessité d'une longue haleine." AfricaDevelopmentlAfrique et développement 11, no. 2/3 (1986): 69-88. SUBJECTS: International relations, Transnational corporations, Bourgeoisie, Marxism. KEYWORDS : Arab-Africa relations; ECOWAS ; core-periphery relations. Assesses the relationship between the Arab world and Africa, asserting that it is one of necessity since each region needs to protect itself against the West. 1158 Freeman, Linda. "Regional factors in Canada's involvement in Africa." In: Regional Development at the International Level: African and Canadian Perspectives, edited by Timothy M. Shaw and Yash Tandon. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1985. 185-218 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Tunisia, Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Trade policy, Regional development, International economic relations, International cooperation. KEYWORDS: Canada-Africa relations; Francophone Africa; CIDA (Canadian International Development Agency); ACCT (Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique). 1159 Frelin, Christiane, and Nam Tran Nguyen Trong. "Politiques alimentaires et stratégies internationales : quelques éléments d'analyse sur le cas de l'Afrique sub-saharienne." In: Nourrir les villes en Afrique sub-saharienne, edited by N. Bricas, G. Courade, J. Coussy, and Ph. Hugon. Paris: Éditions l'Harmattan, 1985.321-337 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Food policy, International politics, Foreign investment, Economic dependency. 1160 Gambari, Ibrahim A. "The OAU and Africa's changed priorities." TransAfrica Forum 6, no. 1 (Winter 1989): 3-14. SUBJECTS: Political analysis, International cooperation, Economic development, International relations. KEYWORDS: OAU; Lagos Plan of Action 1980. Examines the effectiveness of the OAU in pursuing policies of economic development and liberation from colonialism. Suggests that individual members of the OAU must make a greater commitment of resources to the stated policies of the OAU. 1161 Gann, Lewis H., and Peter Duignan. Africa Between East and West. Cape Town, RSA: Tafelberg, 1983. 132 pp. maps. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, Superpower politics, Strategic policy, International conflict. KEYWORDS: USSR-Africa relations; US-Africa relations. 1162 Gautron, Jean Claude. "Le Jeu africain des deux grands." Année africaine (1983): 149-169. SUBJECTS: Superpower politics, Investment policy, Communism, Foreign trade, Regional planning policy, International economic relations. KEYWORDS: USSR- Africa relations; US-Africa relations; globalist policy. 1163 Gavrilov, Nikolai. "Relations with countries of socialist orientation in tropical Africa." In: The USSR and Africa, edited by A. Kochin. Moscow, USSR: USSR Academy of Science, 1983. 50-57 pp. SUBJECTS: International cooperation, Socialist economy, International relations. KEYWORDS: Nyerere, Julius K.; CPSU Congress 1966; FRELIMO; MPLA. 1164 Gavshon, Arthur L. Crisis in Africa: Battleground of East and West. New York: Penguin, 1981. 320 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa, East Africa. SUBJECTS: Crisis management, Colonialism, Socialism, International relations, Military policy, Foreign policy, Superpower politics. KEYWORDS: US-Africa relations; USSR-Africa relations. 1165 Gherari, Habib. "Les Frontières maritimes des états africains." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 229/230 (1985): 23-36. SUBJECTS: International rela-

76 • AFRICA/Foreign Relations tions, National development, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: littoral states; maritime policy; border relations. 1166 Gilguy, Christine. "Partenariat industriel France-Afrique: qu'est-ce qui 'bloque' ? Une interview d'Emmanuel Jahan et de Gérard Egnell." Géopolitique africaine 12 (October 1989): 175-183. SUBJECTS: Industrial policy, International cooperation, Foreign investment. K E Y W O R D S : J a h a n , E m m a n u e l ; Egnell, Gérard; France-Africa relations. Analyzes the disinvestment of French foreign capital in African industry in the context of a conjunctural and structural crisis in Africa. Claims that concrete and psychological success has been impeded despite IMF, World Bank, and private attempts to stimulate the private sector. Searches for the nature of this impediment. 1167 Golan, Tamar. "A certain mystery: How can France do everything that it does in Africa—and get away with it?" African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 80, no. 318 (January 1981): 3-11. ALSO COVERS: Liberia. SUBJECTS: International relations, Neocolonialism, Military policy, Power politics, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: France-Africa relations; Dennis, Cecil. 1168 Green, Reginald Herbold. "Foreign direct investment and African political economy." In: Indigenization of African Economies, edited by Adebayo Adedeji. London: Hutchinson, 1981. 321-352 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign investment, Private investment, Investment policy, International politics. KEYWORDS: DAC (Development Association Committee). 1169 Gresh, A. "L'Arabie Saoudite et l'Afrique non arabe." Politique africaine no. 10 (June 1983): 55-74. maps. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic relations, Foreign investment, Diplomatie relations, Trade relations. KEYWORDS: Saudi Arabia-Africa relations. 1170 Grey, Robert D. "A balance sheet on external assistance: France in Africa." The Journal of Modern African Studies 28, no. 1 (March 1990): 101-114. tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign aid, Military intervention, Political stability, Economic development, International cooperation. KEYWORDS: France-Africa relations; Francophone Africa. Examines France's military and economic relations with its former colonies. Maintains that the presence of French troops has decreased the occurrence of coups; and close ties to France's economy have led to higher rates of economic growth and development in those countries. 1171 Grey, Robert D. "Soviet presence in Africa: An analysis of goals." The Journal of Modern African Studies 22, no. 3 (September 1984): 511-527. tables. SUBJECTS: Marxist analysis, Foreign policy, Military aid, International cooperation. KEYWORDS: USSR-Africa relations; arms sales. 1172 Gromyko, An. A. "The Soviet Union and African countries struggle for peace, cooperation and social progress." Africa in Soviet Studies (1987): 6-22. SUBJECTS: Foreign aid, International politics, Development policy, Imperialism. KEYWORDS: disarmament; USSR-Africa relations. Examines contemporary political, economic, and social situations in the world at large and in Africa in particular. Discusses how international tensions have been built up by imperialist forces. Analyzes the negative impact of the arms race on solving problems of underdevelopment in Africa. 1173 Gruhn, Isebill V. "New International Economic Order and the United States." In: The Future of Africa and the New International Economic Order, edited by Ralph I. Onwuku and Olajide Aluko. London: Macmillan, 1986. 42-63 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Economic reform. KEYWORDS: New Interna-

tional Economic Order; UNCTAD; ECA; US-Africa relations. Examines the UN role in the New International Economic Order, concluding that it has served reasonably well but needs to serve African demands more effectively. Argues that it is in African national interests for there to be a New International Economic Order and a more effective UN. 1174 Gupta, Vijay. "Superpowers in Africa—present and future." In: Development Issues in Africa, edited by Priya Mutalik-Desai. Bombay, India: Himalaya, 1982. 242-262 pp. SUBJECTS: Superpower politics, Development planning, Capitalist development, Selfreliance, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: ECA. 1175 Guth, Suzie. Exil sous contrat: les communautés de coopérants en Afrique francophone. Paris: Silex, 1984. 479 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign aid, Technical assistance, Economic cooperation, Community development. KEYWORDS: France-Africarelations; UNESCO; France Ministry of Cooperation; donor agency; foreign labor. 1176 Gutto, S. B. O. "Responsibility of states and transnational corporations for violation of human rights in the Third World within the context of the New International Economic Order." In: New Perspectives and Conceptions of International Law: An AfroEuropean Dialogue, edited by K. Ginther and W. Benedek. Vienna, Austria: Springer-Verlag, 1983. 37-58 pp. SUBJECTS: International law, International economic system, Human rights, Transnational corporations. KEYWORDS: World Bank; New International Economic Order. 1177 Hammad, Magdi. "Afro-Arab relations from the Western and Soviet perspectives." In: The Arabs and Africa, edited by Khair El-Din Haseeb. Beirut, Lebanon: Centre for Arab Unity Studies, 1985. 161198 pp. SUBJECTS: International politics, Diplomatic relations, Arab nations. KEYWORDS: Arab-Africa relations; USSR-Africarelations. 1178 Harrell-Bond, Barbara. "Humanitarianism in a straitjacket." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 84, no. 334 (January 1985): 3-13. ALSO COVERS: Uganda, Sudan. SUBJECTS: I n t e r n a t i o n a l relations, R e f u g e e migration, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: UNHCR (UN High Commission for Refugees); Second International Conference on Assistance to Refugees in Africa 1984. 1179 Harris, Laurence. "Conceptions of the IMF's role in Africa." In: World Recession and the Food Crisis in Africa, edited by Peter Lawrence. London: James Currey, 1986. 83-95 pp. SUBJECTS: International economic system, Foreign aid, Structural adjustment, Debt financing. KEYWORDS: IMF; loan conditionality. Concentrates exclusively on the conceptions of the IMF and its practice of attaching conditions to loans. Discusses the IMF's political influence when asserting these conditions and the possible expansion of this influence as Africa becomes more dependent on international financing. 1180 Haseeb, Khair El-Din, ed. The Arabs and Africa. Beirut, Lebanon: Centre for Arab Unity Studies, 1985. 717 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Diplomatic relations, Arab nations, Political history, International politics. KEYWORDS: Arab-Africa relations. 1181 Hassain, Kamal. "Financial flows from the Arab Middle East and the OECD nations to sub-Saharan Africa: An assessment and prospects." In: Interdependence in a World of Unequals: AfricanArab-OECD Economic Cooperation for Development, edited by Dunstan M. Wai. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1982. 157-180 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign aid, Foreign investment, Economic development. KEYWORDS: OPEC; OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development); Arab-Africa relations.

AFRICA/Foreign Relations • 7 7 1182 Heldman, Dan C. The USSR and Africa: Foreign Policy under Khrushchev. New York: Praeger, 1981. 203 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, Communism, Marxism-Leninism, National security, Socialist d e v e l o p m e n t , I n t e r n a t i o n a l relations. KEYWORDS: USSR-Africa relations; Khrushchev, Anatolii Timofeevich. 1183 Henriksen, Thomas H, ed. Communist Powers and SubSaharan Africa. Stanford, California: Hoover Institution Press, Stanford University, 1981. 137 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Geopolitics, Diplomatic relations, Military aid, Technical assistance, Military intervention, Communism. KEYWORDS: CubaAfrica relations; USSR-Africa relations; China-Africa relations; Eastern Europe-Africa relations; African communism. 1184 Herrmann, Richard K. "Analyzing Soviet images of the United States: A psychological theory and empirical study." The Journal of Conflict Resolution 29, no. 4 (1985): 665-697. tables. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa, Angola. SUBJECTS: International relations, Superpower politics, Foreign policy, Military aid, Military intervention, Intervention policy. KEYWORDS: social psychological theory. 1185 Hewitt, Adrian. "The Lomé conventions: Myth and substance of the 'partnership of equals'." In: Europe and Africa: Issues in Post-colonial relations, edited by Margaret Cornell. London: Overseas Development Institute, 1981. 21-42 pp. SUBJECTS: Trade policy, Foreign policy, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: Lomé Convention 1975; ACP (African, Caribbean, and Pacific countries); EEC; Lomé Convention 1979. 1186 Hitti, Nassif. 'The Arabs and Africans in a changing world." In: The Arabs and Africa, edited by Khair El-Din Haseeb. Beirut, Lebanon: Centre for Arab Unity Studies, 1985. 641-688 pp. SUBJECTS: Political history, International relations, Superpower politics, International politics, Political change. KEYWORDS: Arab-Africa relations. 1187 Hofmeier, Rolf. "Aid from the Federal Republic of Germany to Africa." The Journal of Modern African Studies 24, no. 4 (December 1986): 577-602. SUBJECTS: Foreign aid, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: West Germany-Africa relations. Reviews the development and bases for aid from the Federal Republic of Germany, one of the major donors to Africa. Concentrates on political debates within West Germany as they relate to aid. Describes Germany's aid as less concentrated, more technical, and pragmatic or fiscally conservative. 1188 Honadle, George, David Gow, and Jerry Silverman. "Technical assistance alternatives for rural development: Beyond the bypass model." Revue canadienne d'études de développement!Canadian Journal of Development Studies 4, no. 2 (1983): 221-240. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Development policy, Rural development, Technical assistance, Technical training, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: donor agency.

1988. 133-155 pp. SUBJECTS: Food aid, Structural adjustment, Foreign aid, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: World Bank. Shows how one specific donor resource can be used as an effective mechanism for encouraging or strengthening policy reforms. Argues that food aid can be used effectively as targeted support for policy reforms. Presents the potential weaknesses in utilizing food aid and offers some ways for using it better. 1191 Hoskins, Linus A. "New International Economic Order: A bibliographic essay." Third World Quarterly 3, no. 3 (July 1981): 506-527. biblio. SUBJECTS: Economic reform, International economic system, Underdevelopment, Capitalism, Socialism, NorthSouth relations. 1192 Houndjahoue, Michel. "A propos de la coopération dominante et marginale: la France et le Canada en Afrique francophone." Revue canadienne d'études de développement!Canadian Journal of Development Studies 4, no. 1 (1983): 164-173. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, International economic relations, Foreign aid policy, International cooperation. KEYWORDS: France-Africa relations; Canada-Africa relations. 1193 Houndjahoue, Michel. "Quelques caractéristiques de l'aide bilatérale du Canada à l'Afrique francophone: 1968-1980." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 38, no. 3 (September 1984): 821-832. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign aid policy, International cooperation. KEYWORDS: Canada-Africa relations; Francophone Africa. 1194 Howard, Rhoda. "Canadian government response to Africa's refugee problem." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 15, no. 1 (1981): 95-116. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Refugee migration, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: repatriation; UNHCR (UN High Commission for Refugees); Canada-Africa relations. 1195 Hugon, P. "L'Afrique noire francophone." Politique africaine 2, no. 5 (February 1982): 75-94. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign investment, Hegemony, Regional security, International economic relations. 1196 H u g o n , Philippe. "Le Système financier mondial et l'endettement des états africains." Afrique contemporaine 130 (April/June 1984): 21-30. tables. SUBJECTS: International economic system, Debt financing, Government borrowing, Development planning, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: IMF; World Bank. 1197 Ilyin, Yuri. "Soviet-African scientific cooperation." In: The USSR and Africa, edited by A. Kochin. Moscow, USSR: USSR Academy of Sciences, 1983. 108-130 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, International cooperation, Foreign aid, Technology transfer. KEYWORDS: USSR-Africa relations; CPSU (Communist Party of the Soviet Union).

1189 Hopkins, M. Justin. 'The international legal framework emerging from and advocated by the Third World in the North-South dialogue." The Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa 15, no. 3 (November 1982): 319-333. SUBJECTS: International law, North-South relations, International economic relations, Economic reform. KEYWORDS: New International Economic Order.

1198 INADES. Le Problème de la dette dans les pays de l'Afrique subsaharienne et le cas de la Côte d'Ivoire: Bibliographie commentée. Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: INADES Documentation, 1987.68 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: West Africa, Côte d'Ivoire. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Foreign investment, Foreign aid, Debt crisis, Economic development. An annotated bibliography which focuses on Africa's predicament as a debtor nation. Problems and solutions regarding the debt crisis are explored.

1190 Hopkins, Raymond. "Food aid and policy-based lending to Africa: Dilemmas for states and donors." In: Africa's Development Challenges and the World Bank: Hard Questions, Costly Choices, edited by Stephen K. Commins. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner,

1199 Ingram, Derek. 'The Commonwealth and Africa." In: Africa in World Politics: Changing Perspectives, edited by Stephen Wright and Janice N. Brownfoot. Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan, 1987. 74-82 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa, Zimbabwe. SUB-

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JECTS: Apartheid, International relations, Diplomatic relations. KEYWORDS: Commonwealth of Nations; UK-Africa relations. States that the Commonwealth has had more influence on the African political scene than on any other part of the world. Demonstrates that African leaders have been extremely supportive of the Commonwealth and vocal about its value, particularly as a diplomatic tool. 1200 Intriligator, Michael D. "From confrontation to cooperation: The possibilities." In: Agenda for Action: African-Soviet-U.S. Cooperation, edited by Anatoly A. Gromyko and C. S. Whitaker. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1990. 263-271 pp. SUBJECTS: International cooperation. KEYWORDS: US-USSR relations. Examines the possibilities for US-USSR cooperation given the two countries' history and interaction by using game theory. Argues that Africa is a powerful arena for the US and the USSR to begin to cooperate. 1201 Jackson, Jeffrey L. "US private sector activities in Africa." TransAfrica Forum 2, no. 3 (Fall 1984): 65-78. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Oil industry, Debt financing, Transnational corporations, Foreign aid, Commercial banking. KEYWORDS: US-Africa relations. 1202 Jallaud, Thomas. "La coopération militaire, outil de contrôle." In: La France contre l'Afrique, edited by François Maspero. Paris: F. Maspero, 1981. 105-114 pp. SUBJECTS: Intervention policy, International relations, Military alliance. KEYWORDS: France-Africa relations; Foccart, Jacques; Journiac, René. 1203 Jamal, Amir. "Self-reliance, international assistance, and managing the African economy." In: Economic Crisis in Africa: African Perspectives on Development Problems and Potentials, edited by Adebayo Adedeji and Timothy M. Shaw. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1985. 121-130 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic integration, Foreign aid, Regional development. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; OAU; ECA. 1204 Jentleson, Bruce W. "American commitments in the Third World: Theory vs. practice." International Organization 41, no. 4 (1987): 667-704. SUBJECTS: Military policy, Diplomatic relations, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: US-Africa relations; global commitments theory. Questions the fundamental validity of global commitments theory as it applies to the exercise of power and influence in the Third World. 1205 Jinyuan,Gao. "China and Africa: The development of relations over many centuries." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 83, no. 331 (April 1984): 241-250. SUBJECTS: International relations, Historical analysis, Trade policy, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: China-Africa relations. 1206 Johnson, Ampah G., and Adeyemi O. Lawson, eds. Growth, Equity, and Self Reliance: Private Enterprise and African Economic Development. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1987. 162 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: West Africa. SUBJECTS: Private sector, Transnational corporations, Debt crisis, Foreign investment, Socialism, Economic development. KEYWORDS: private enterprise. Collection of papers presented at a 1984 conference in Lomé, Togo, on private enterprise and African economic development. Designed to serve as a catalyst for thinking about the role of private enterprise in Africa's economic development. Attempts to present a positive case for the introduction of private enterprise systems in Africa. 1207 Johnson, Robert H. "Exaggerating America's stakes in Third World conflicts." International Security 10, no. 3 (Winter 1985/1986):

32-68. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Geopolitics, Superpower politics. KEYWORDS: US-Africa relations. 1208 Jones, D. "Involvement of aid donors in recipient country public-policy processes." In: Management for Development: Priority Themes in Africa Today, edited by P. Ndegwa, L. P. Mureithi, and R. H. Green. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1987. 133-144 pp. ALSO COVERS: Kenya. SUBJECTS: Foreign aid, Economic policy, International economic relations, Public policy, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: project aid; donor agency. Considers the management of interstate economic relations and the involvement of foreign aid in African public-policy process. 1209 Jordan, Donald. Changing American Assessments of the Soviet Threat in Sub-Saharan Africa: 1975-1985. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1987. 105 pp. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, International relations, National security, Superpower politics. KEYWORDS: USSR-Africa relations; US-Africa relations. Examines some of the images of the "Soviet threat" that are most widespread in the US. Shows that the alarmist and the regionalist assessments assume a constancy over time in the level of the threat the USSR poses to the US in Africa. 1210 Jouve, Edmond. "De Lomé I à Lomé III." L'Afrique et l'Asie modernes 153 (1987): 46-53. SUBJECTS: International relations, Regional integration. KEYWORDS: EEC; EAMA (Etats Africains et Malgache Associés); Lomé Convention 1975; Lomé Convention 1979; Lomé Convention 1984. Traces the development of economic cooperation leading up to and resulting from the first and second Lomé conventions. 1211 Jouve, Edmond. "France and crisis areas in Africa." In: African Crisis Areas and U.S. Foreign Policy, edited by Gerald J. Bender, James S. Coleman, and Richard L. Sklar. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, 1985. 308-320 pp. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, International relations. KEYWORDS: France-Africa relations; Mitterrand, François; Giscard d'Estaing, Valéry. 1212 Jouve, Edmond. "L'Afrique à L'ONU (1)." Afrique contemporaine 140 (October/December 1986): 51-57. SUBJECTS: International relations. KEYWORDS: UN; OAU. Reviews the role Africa plays in decisionmaking at the UN. Discusses certain issues critical to Africa that were resolved. 1213 Jouve, Edmond. "L'Afrique, enjeu mondial: le rôle de la France." In: La France contre l'Afrique, edited by François Maspero. Paris: F. Maspero, 1981. 80-93 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic dependency, International relations, Neocolonialism, Intervention policy. KEYWORDS: France-Africa relations; Giscard d'Estaing, Valéry. 1214 Jouve, Edmond. L'Organisation de l'Unité Africaine. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1984. 284 pp. biblio, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: International relations, Pan Africanism, Political conflict, International cooperation, Refugees. KEYWORDS: OAU; Lagos Plan of Action 1980; African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 1983. 1215 Kalala, Kabuya. "Aider ceux qui s'aident: une nouvelle conception de l'aide au développement." Zaïre-Afrique 156 (June/August 1981): 341-351. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign aid policy, Economic development, Development financing, Poverty. 1216 Kalb, Madeleine. The Congo Cables: The Cold War in Africa: From Eisenhower to Kennedy. New York: Macmillan, 1982. 466 pp. ALSO COVERS: Zaire. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, Diplomatic relations, Intervention policy, International politics, Superpower politics, Political instability. KEYWORDS: CIA; US-Zaire relations.

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1217 Kalfléche, Jean-Marc. "En France, la malfaisance du domaine réservé." Géopolitique africaine 10 (December 1988): 79-92. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, International cooperation, Diplomatic relations. KEYWORDS: France-Africa relations; Portugal-Africa relations; UK-Africa relations. Examineses the extent and nature of the Italian, French, Portuguese, British, and general European relationships with Africa. Presents the advantages and disadvantages of European aid and cooperation policies in Africa. Claims that French policy is always a step behind the others. 1218 Kalfléche, Jean-Marc. "France: pour redonner souffle á la coopération." Géopolitique africaine (March 1986): 5-26. ALSO C O V E R S : Chad, Libya. SUBJECTS: International relations, Colonialism, Development policy, Economic development, Foreign aid policy, Regional development. KEYWORDS: Maghreb. Assesses France' s role in the political and economic development of Africa. Examines several parts of French development, including its policy toward the use of the French language in its old colonies, economic reform, the Chad crisis, North Africa, and its function regarding development aid. 1219 K a l f l é c h e , J e a n - M a r c . " L ' A i g u i l l o n G o r b a t c h e v . " Géopolitique africaine 13 (March 1990): 7-35. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign aid, Political change, Democratization. KEYWORDS: World Bank; Europe-Africa relations. Discusses the new urgency for political change in Africa, including democratization and decentralization. Examines the distraction of the international community's emphasis on African development posed by recent changes in Eastern Europe, claiming that Africa's image as a good investment opportunity needs improvement and reform similar to that in Eastern Europe in order to recapture the spotlight. 1220 Kanet, Roger E. "East European states." In: Communist Powers and Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Thomas H. Henriksen. Stanford, California: Hoover Institution Press, Stanford University, 1981.23-56 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International economic relations, Trade relations, Diplomatic relations, Military aid. KEYWORDS: Council for Mutual Economic Assistance; Eastern Europe-Africa relations. 1221 Karp, Aaron. "Ballistic missiles in the Third World." International Security 9, no. 3 (Winter 1984): 166-195. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa, Algeria. SUBJECTS: International relations, International economic relations, Arms industry, Nuclear capability, Superpower politics. 1222 Katz, Mark N. "Gorbachev's Africa policy." In: Africa in the 1990s and Beyond: U.S. Policy Opportunities and Choices, edited by Robert I. Rotberg. Algonac, Michigan: Reference Publications, 1988. 189-203 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa, Libya. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, National security, Superpower politics, Economic aid. KEYWORDS: USSR-Africa relations; Horn of Africa; Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich; UNITA; RENAMO (Resistencia Nacional Mo§ambicana). Analyzes the basis of Reagan administration fears that USSR influence in Africa will spread and damage US security interests. Concludes that the USSR has little chance of doing this in the economic sphere but may in the political sphere in Southern Africa and Libya, where USSR and US policy are most at odds. 1223 Kauppi, Mark V. "The Soviet Union and Africa: The dynamics and dilemmas of involvement." In: The Soviet Impact in Africa, edited by R. Craig Nation and Mark V. Kauppi. Lexington, Massachusetts: Lexington Books, 1984.221-253 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Marxism, Political ideology, Military aid. KEYWORDS: USSR-Africa relations. 1224 Kenig, Maria Magdalena. "L'Organisation de l'unité africaine

et le règlement des différends internatinaux en Afrique." Africana Bulletin33 (1986): 7-35. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Regional i n t e g r a t i o n , I n t e r n a t i o n a l politics, I n t e r n a t i o n a l relations. KEYWORDS: OAU. Examines the UN charter, which set up the OAU. Assesses the impact and role of the OAU in regional cooperation. 1225 Kenig, Maria Magdalena. "Quelques aspects du processus juridico-politique de règlement des différends internationaux en Afrique." Africana Bulletin 34 (1987): 93-105. SUBJECTS: Diplomatie relations, Conflict resolution, International relations, Personalized leadership. KEYWORDS: OAU. Analyzes the process and forum of conflict resolution within and between African states. Claims that diplomatic tensions that impede diplomatic resolution of conflicts come about because Africa has not yet established norms of coexistence and cooperation between states with different political systems. Emphasizes the role of dominant personalities in the process of international réglementation. 1226 Kerdoun, Azzouz. La coopération arabo-africaine: Dimensions et perspectives. Paris: Berger-Levrault, 1987. 251 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: International cooperation, Foreign aid, Arab nations, Economic cooperation, Development financing. KEYWORDS: Arab-Africa relations; FADES (Fonds Arabe pour le Développement Economique et Social). Analyzes Arab-Africa cooperation as an original example of cooperation among Third World states. Looks at the multiple relations held between these two vast developing areas. Claims that this recent phenomenon is opening a new phase of South-South exchanges and international relations. 1227 Khapoya, Vincent B. "The rupture in African-Israeli relations." TransAfricaForumA, no. 1 (Fall 1986): 77-91. SUBJECTS: International relations, Diplomatic relations. KEYWORDS: OAU; IsraelAfrica relations. Examines Israel-Africa relations between 1967 and 1973 from the African perspective. Considers political and economic factors that led to the break in diplomatic relations. Takes into account the Arab oil crises, the role of the US and RS A, and the basis of Israel's relations with Africa. 1228 Kihulu Sompa, Florent. "Les Responsabilités occidentales dans l'avènement et le maintien des dictateurs en Afrique: l'exemple d'Amin Dada." Peuples noirs; peuples africains 4, no. 24 (November/December 1981): 52-65. ALSO COVERS: Uganda. SUBJECTS: International relations, Political repression, Military government, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: Amin, Idi. 1229 Kimani, George M. "Industry in Africa: Continental cooperation and the industrial development decade." In: Economic Crisis in Africa: African Perspectives on Development Problems and Potentials, edited by Adebayo Adedeji and Timothy M. Shaw. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1985. 219-248 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Industrial development, Foreign investment, Economic integration, Economic cooperation. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; Industrial Development Decade for Africa. 1230 Kirchherr, Eugene C. "Towards an explanation of the transitionary nature of the political map of Africa in the period 1950-1978." Africa Quarterly 21, no. 2/4 (1982): 5-22. maps. SUBJECTS: International relations, Border conflict, Geopolitics, Territorial sovereignty. KEYWORDS: political geography. 1231 Kirkpatrick, Colin, and Frederick Nixson. "Transnational corporations and economic development." The Journal of Modern African Studies 19, no. 3 (September 1981): 367-399. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Transnational corporations, Foreign investment, Manufacturing sector, Mining.

80 • AFRICA/Foreign Relations 1232 Kiros, Fassil G. The Least Developed Countries of Africa and the Prospects for a New International Economic Order. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Addis Ababa University, 1981. 37 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International economic system, Debt financing, Geopolitics. 1233 Kiros, Fassil G. "What is in a New International Economic Order for the least developed countries of Africa?" Africa Development/Afrique et développement 6, no. 3 (1981): 16-34. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Foreign aid, International economic system. KEYWORDS: New International Economic Order; UNCTAD. 1234 Kitchen, Helen. 'The making of U.S. policy toward Africa." In: Africa in the 1990s and Beyond: U.S. Policy Opportunities and Choices, edited by Robert I. Rotberg. Algonac, Michigan: Reference Publications, 1988. 14-27 pp. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, Foreign aid, Diplomatic relations, Superpower politics. KEYWORDS: USAfrica relations; strategic minerals; France-Africa relations; UKAfrica relations; US Congress. Analyzes US policymaking on Africa at the presidential, congressional, and departmental levels. Suggests that the brevity of US contact with Africa (when compared to Africa's colonizers, such as France and the UK) creates problems, as does the tendency to reinvent policy every time a new president is elected. 1235 Kitchen, Helen. US Interests in Africa. New York: Praeger, 1983. 106 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa, Mozambique. SUBJECTS: Superpower politics, National security, Military intervention, International relations. KEYWORDS: USSRAfrica relations; US-Africa relations; CIA; Cuba-Africa relations. 1236 Kochin, A., ed. The USSR and Africa. Moscow: USSR Academy of Sciences, 1983. 205 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Trade policy, National liberation movement. KEYWORDS: USSR-Africa relations; CPSU (Communist Party of the Soviet Union). 1237 Kokole, Omari H. "STABEX anatomised." Third World Quarterly 3, no. 3 (July 1981): 441-459. ALSO COVERS: Togo. SUBJECTS: International relations, Raw materials, North-South relations. KEYWORDS: Lomé conventions; ACP (African, Caribbean, and Pacific Countries); STABEX (stabilization of export earnings from commodities). 1238 Kornfeld-Ulmet, P. "Brandt, Lomé and Africa's economies: The limitations of systemic elixirs." In: Africa in World Politics: Changing Perspectives, edited by Stephen Wright and Janice N. Brownfoot. Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan, 1987. 51-64 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International economic relations, Foreign aid, Export policy. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; Lomé Convention 1984; EEC; ACP (African, Caribbean, and Pacific Countries). Provides an outline of the realities of economics in Africa in the mid-1980s. Focuses on systemic solutions, such as the Brandt Commission reports and the Lomé conventions, to show that there are limitations involved in relying too heavily on systemic options. 1239 Kouassi, E. Kwam. Organisations internationales africaines. Paris: Berger-Leverault, 1987. 485 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: International cooperation, Diplomatic relations, Political analysis, Regional integration. KEYWORDS: OAU; ECOWAS. Looks at the origins, formation, and maintenance of African international organizations. Examines the profound significance and real contributions of such organizations as the OAU and ECOWAS. 1240 Laidi, Z. "Comment les Américains perçoivent leurs intérêts en Afrique." Politique africaine 1, no. 2 (May 1981): 27-50. tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa, Nigeria. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign investment, Political opposition,

Foreign trade, International economic relations. KEYWORDS: USAfrica relations. 1241 Laidi, Z. "Contraintes et enjeux de la politique américaine." Politique africaine no. 12 (December 1983): 25-45. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Foreign aid, Foreign investment, Geopolitics. KEYWORDS: US-Africa relations. 1242 Laidi, Z. "Les Problèmes de consolidation de l'influence soviétique en Afrique." Politique africaine 2, no. 7 (September 1982): 82-90. SUBJECTS: International relations, Geopolitics, Foreign aid, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: USSR-Africa relations. 1243 Laidi, Zaki. Les Contraintes d'une rivalité: Les superpuissances et l'Afrique. Paris: La Découvert, 1986. 299 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Angola. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, Decolonization, International relations, Oil industry, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: US-Africa relations; USSR-Africa relations; Kissinger, Henry. Analyzes the history of superpower rivalry in Africa since the independence period. Examines issues such as apartheid, the Angolan civil war, desertification in the Sahel, famine in Ethiopia, false decolonization in Namibia, and other contradictions rooted in the African reality. 1244 Laidi, Zaki. "Les Contraintes de la rivalité soviéto-américaine en Afrique." Année africaine (1982): 308-331. ALSO COVERS: Namibia, Angola. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, Diplomatic relations, Military aid, Regional conflict, Political crisis, Superpower politics. KEYWORDS: IDA (International Development Association); constructive engagement; US-Africa relations; Horn of Africa. 1245 Laidi, Zaki. "Les Deux grandes puissances et l'Afrique: contraintes et articulations." In: Introductions à la coopération en Afrique noire, edited by BLACT, Antoine Bouillon, and François Devalière. Paris: Karthala, 1983. 63-76 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Military aid, Political alliance, Superpower politics, International politics. KEYWORDS: UN; US-Africa relations; USSR-Africa relations. 1246 Laidi, Zaki. "Les Etats-unis et l'Afrique: une stratégie d'influence croissante." Politique étrangère 49, no. 2(1984): 301-316. SUBJECTS: International relations, Diplomatie relations. KEYWORDS: US-Africa relations. 1247 Laidi, Zaki. The Superpowers and Africa: The Constraints of a Rivalry, 1960-1990, translated by Patricia Baudoin, Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press, 1990.232 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Superpower politics, International relations, Foreign policy, Decolonization, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: France-Africa relations; UN Monetary and Financial Conference 1944. Shows how the dialectical relationship between the superpowers and African actors has evolved. Examines the economic and social impact of aid policies, the importance of Bretton Woods institutions, and the decline of French influence in Africa. 1248 Lake, Anthony. "Africa: Do the doable." Foreign Policy no. 54 (1984): 102-121. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Apartheid, Foreign policy, Foreign aid policy, Sanctions. KEYWORDS: US-RSA relations; disinvestment; constructive engagement; antiapartheid movement. 1249 Lardner, G. E. A. "Beyond the neocolonial nexus: Inheritance, implementation, and implications of the Lagos Plan of Action." In: Economic Crisis in Africa: African Perspectives on Development Problems and Potentials, edited by Adebayo Adedeji and Timothy M. Shaw. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1985. 35-46 pp. SUBJ E C T S : I n t e r n a t i o n a l relations, E c o n o m i c d e v e l o p m e n t ,

AFRICA/Foreign Relations • 8 1 Neocolonialism, International finance. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; ECA; OAU. 1250 Lawson, Colin W. "Soviet economic aid to Africa." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 87, no. 349 (October 1988): 501-518. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, State power, Ideologies, Socialist government, National liberation movement, Technical assistance, Foreign aid policy. KEYWORDS: education financing; USSR-Africa relations; Council for Mutual Economic Assistance. Seeks to explore the motives behind economic aid by the Soviet bloc countries to African states. Examines which states receive aid and in what form this aid is allocated to the states. Concludes that little USSR aid has been sent to Africa and it has tended to be concentrated in only a few countries. 1251 Lawson, Colin W. "The future of East-South trade after UNCTAD VI." Third World Quarterly 6, no. 1 (January 1984): 145-154. SUBJECTS: International relations, International economic system, Economic relations, Centrally planned economy. KEYWORDS: Council for Mutual Economic Assistance; Group of 77; USSR-Africa relations; Eastern Europe-Africa relations; UNCTAD. 1252 Le Gloannec, A. M. "L'Allemagne et l'Afrique." Politique africaine no. 10 (June 1983): 7-23. maps. SUBJECTS: International relations, Diplomatic relations, Economic relations, Industrial relations. KEYWORDS: West Germany-Africa relations. 1253 Lea, John P. "Changing approaches towards tourism in Africa: Planning and research perspectives." Journal of Contemporary African Studies 1, no. 1 (October 1981): 19-40. tables. ALSO COVERS: Kenya, Swaziland. SUBJECTS: Economic development, International relations, Pan-Africanism, Transnational corporations. KEYWORDS: UNESCO; World Bank; core-periphery relations; tourism. 1254 Leguil, Edmond. "L'Action nuancée de l'Allemagne fédérale." Géopolitique africaine 9 (October 1988): 41-77. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Economic relations, Foreign investment, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS : GTZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit); Germany-Africa relations; KFW (Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau); Deutsche Finanzierungsgesellschaft für Beteiligungen in Entwicklungsländern. Examines German involvement in colonialism and subsequent contributions to African development. Looks at major German development agencies and their efforts at economic cooperation, relations with RSA, the reticence of the private sector in Africa. 1255 Legum, Colin. 'The Organisation of African Unity as an instrument of Africa's foreign policy." In: Africa in World Politics: Changing Perspectives, edited by Stephen Wright and Janice N. Brownfoot. Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan, 1987. 67-73 pp. SUBJECTS: International economic relations, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: OAU; EEC; Israel-Africa relations. Discusses primary objectives behind the formation of the OAU, which constitute the internal dimensions of Africa's foreign policy. States that its external dimension is determined by a different set of Pan-Africanist concepts, including a natural unity of people of color. 1256 Legum, Colin. 'The Soviet Union's encounter with Africa." In: The Soviet Impact in Africa, edited by R. Craig Nation and Mark V. Kauppi. Lexington, Massachusetts: Lexington, 1984. 9-26 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Marxist analysis, Political parties, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: USSR-Africa relations; FRELIMO; OAU. 1257 Lele, Uma. 'The growth of foreign assistance and its impact on agriculture." In: Accelerating Food Production in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by John W. Mellor, Christopher L. Delgado, and Mal-

colm J. Blackie. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987. 321-342 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Foreign aid, Technology transfer, Technical assistance, Food aid. KEYWORDS: donor agency. Raises the issue of the desirability of donors, focusing on attaining final growth or equity objectives in the short run as distinct from achieving them in the long run through the creation of institutions, trained labor, procedures, policy analysis, and information capacity. 1258 Lemarchand, René. "The CIA in Africa: How central? How intelligent?" In: American Policy in Southern Africa: The Stakes and the Stance, edited by René Lemarchand. Washington, DC: University Press of America, 1981. 375-413 pp. SUBJECTS: Political development, International relations, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: USAfrica relations; covert activity; CIA. 1259 LeMelle, Wilbert J. "The OAU and superpower intervention in Africa." Africa Today 35, no. 3/4 (1988): 21-26. SUBJECTS: International relations, Intervention policy, Political alliance, Nonaligned nation, Superpower politics. KEYWORDS: OAU. Examines the interventionist policies and strategies of the two superpowers as they operate in Africa. Assesses the impact of these interventions on the effectiveness of the OAU. Indicates that superpower intervention subverts the primary role of the OAU. Describes OAU's adherence to a nonaligned policy. 1260 Leslie, R. D. "Unrecognized governments in the conflict of laws: Lord Denning's contribution." The Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa 14, no. 2 (July 1981): 165-178. SUBJECTS : International relations, Diplomatic relations, International law. KEYWORDS: proxy governments; Unilateral Declaration of Independence 1965; political legitimacy. 1261 Liang-Tsai, Wei. Peking Versus Taipei in Africa, 1960-1978. Taipei, Taiwan: Asian and World Institute, 1982.457 pp. SUBJECTS: International conflict, Diplomatic relations, Political history, International relations. KEYWORDS: China-Africa relations. 1262 Lopatov, Vladimir. The Soviet Union and Africa. Moscow, USSR: Progress Publishers, 1987.191 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Foreign trade, Economic cooperation. KEYWORDS: USSR-Africa relations. Argues that USSR foreign policy is determined by a social system free of exploiter classes, which allows the USSR to establish ties of friendship and trust with African countries. Discusses USSR help to Africa in fighting imperialism, building trade, and pursuing peace. 1263 Luaba-Lumu, Ntumba. "La mise en oeuvre du Plan d'Action et de l'acte final de Lagos." Zaïre-Afrique 168 (October 1982): 453472. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic development, Development policy, Development financing, Regional integration, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: POT (Programme Opérationnel de Travail); OAU; Lagos Plan of Action 1980. 1264 Luckham, Robin. "Militarisation and the new international anarchy." Third World Quarterly 6, no. 2 (April 1984): 351-373. SUBJECTS: International economic relations, Military budget, Economic recession, Arms industry, Superpower politics, Capitalism. 1265 Lyall, Michael. "Arab aid to black Africa: Myth versus reality." In: Interdependence in a World of Unequals: African-Arab-OECD Economic Cooperation for Development, edited by Dunstan M. Wai. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1982.181-196 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign aid, Foreign investment, Import policy. KEYWORDS: OPEC ; OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development); Arab-Africa relations. 1266 MacQueen, Norman. "Portugal and Africa: The politics of

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re-engagement." The Journal of Modern African Studies 23, no. 1 (March 1985): 31-51. ALSO COVERS: Angola, Mozambique. SUBJECTS: International relations, Nationalization, Foreign policy, Decolonization. KEYWORDS: MNR (Mozambican National Resistance); Movimento das Forças Armadas; Portugal-Africa relations. 1267 Mailloux, Jos. "Un ministère sous la V République: le Ministère de la Coopération." Année africaine (1982): 218-235. SUBJECTS: Foreign aid, International economic relations. KEYWORDS: FranceAfrica relations; France Ministry of Cooperation. 1268 Marenin, Otwin. "United States' aid to African police forces: The experience and impact of the public assistance programme." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 85, no. 341 (October 1986): 509-544. tables. ALSO COVERS: Zaire. SUBJECTS: Law enforcement, Foreign aid, Foreign aid policy. KEYWORDS: Zaire Office of Public Safety; police; public safety; US-Africa relations. Examines the Public Safety Assistance program, other assistance programs, and their impact on society. Concludes that police assistance is just another resource in the local political struggle, not a key to the economic advancement of a country as has been suggested. Addresses the Office of Public Safety. 1269 Martin, Guy. "Historical, economic, and political bases of France's African policy." The Journal of Modern African Studies 23, no. 2 (June 1985): 189-208. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Neocolonialism, Racism, Economic policy. KEYWORDS: Francophone Africa; France-Africa relations. 1270 Martin, Guy. "Les Fondements historiques, économiques et politiques de la politique africaine de la France: du colonialisme au néo-colonialisme." Genève Afrique/Geneva Africa 21, no. 2 (1983): 39-68. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic dependency, Colonialism, Neocolonialism, Military intervention, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: France-Africa relations; CFA monetary area. 1271 Masquet, Brigitte. "France-Afrique: dépasser les contradictions." Afrique contemporaine 119 (January/February 1982): 9-24. SUBJECTS: Economic planning, Foreign investment, Foreign aid, International relations. KEYWORDS: Cheysson, Claude; Cot, JeanPierre; Penne, Guy; Mitterrand, François; France-Africa relations. 1272 Mayall, James. "Post-colonial Africa: A diplomatic malaise." In: Africa in WorldPolitics: Changing Perspectives, edited by Stephen Wright and Janice N. Brownfoot. Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan, 1987. 129-139 pp. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: International economic system, International relations, Diplomatic relations. KEYWORDS: intra-African relations; OAU. . Discusses three levels where postcolonial plans for the African continent went wrong. Describes these as the role of the state, intraAfrican arrangements for solidarity, and Africa's place in the wider international system. 1273 Mayer, Pierre. "Les Etats-Unis et l'Afrique subsaharienne en perspective des années 90." Géopolitique africaine 12 (October 1989): 101-126. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Diplomatie relations. KEYWORDS: US-Africa relations; US-USSR relations; Carter, Jimmy; constructive engagement. Analyzes the bases for US-Africa relations in the 1990s. Examines US-USSR rivalry in Africa, common US-African-West European issues, the consensus of opinion on Africa between the US Congress and the president, the RSA, and Africa under the shock of modernity versus legitimacy. 1274 Mazrui, Ali A. "Exit visa from the world system: Dilemmas of cultural and economic disengagement." Third World Quarterly 3, no. 1 (January 1981): 62-76. SUBJECTS: International relations, Nuclear

capability, Geopolitics, Technology, Marxism. Discusses the history and possibility of opting out of the dominant global system. Comments that while Marxism has been seen as an alternative to the capitalist global system, it is still a form of Western culture. Reviews Islam and China under Mao Tse-tung as radical approaches to exiting the world system. 1275 Mbaku, John M. "Political instability, flows of foreign development assistance, domestic savings and economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa." Asian and African Studies: Journal of the Israel Oriental Society 24, no. 2 (July 1990): 137-150. tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign aid, Political instability, Economic growth rate, Foreign capital, Statistical analysis, Military budget. KEYWORDS: savings. Examines whether official development assistance is positively related to economic growth in Africa and how political instability alters this relationship. Concludes that foreign aid has helped economic growth in Africa and that political instability has had a negative effect on growth. 1276 McNamara, Francis Terry. France in Black Africa. Washington, DC: National Defense University, 1989. 289 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Independence movement, Economic cooperation, Colonialism, Military aid, International relations, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: Francophone Africa; CAMA (Central African Monetary Area); Brazzaville Conference 1944; France-Africa relations. Traces the historical development and nature of the FranceAfrica relationship. Outlines France's acquisition and administration of its Black African empire and traces the former colonies' paths to independence. 1277 Mertz, Robert Anton, and Pamela MacDonald Mertz. Arab Aid to Sub-Saharan Africa. Munich, West Germany: Kaiser Gruenewald, 1983. 287 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: North Africa. SUBJECTS: Economic aid, Foreign aid policy, Islamic society, Foreign investment. KEYWORDS: Arab-Africa relations; SAAFA (Special Arab Aid Fund for Africa); AFTAAAC (Arab Fund for Technical Assistance to Arab and African Countries); BADEA (Banque Arabe pour le Développement Economique en Afrique); Islamic Development Bank. 1278 Miller, Ruby M., and E. Willard Miller. United States' Foreign Relations: Africa. Monticello, Illinois: Vance Bibliographies, 1987. 24 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, International relations, Public administration, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: US-Africa relations. A bibliography of works on US foreign policy toward Africa in the 1980s. States that the literature on US relations with Africa reflects the US focus on Libya and RSA, as there is very little literature about other regions and nations. 1279 Momba, J. C. "Soviet policies in Africa: A critical analysis." African Social Research 36 (December 1983): 475-492. SUBJECTS: International relations, Socialism, Strategic policy, Superpower politics, Liberation movement. KEYWORDS: Communist International; USSR-Africa relations; OAU. 1280 Momba, J. C. "Soviet policies in Africa: A critical analysis." Journal of African Studies 36 (December 1983): 475-492. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: USSRAfrica relations. 1281 Morantz, Aubrey L. "Canadian perspectives on Lomé." In: Europe, Africa and Lomé III, edited by Robert Boardman, Timothy M. Shaw, and Panayotis Soldatos. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1985. 115-126 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Trade policy, Regional cooperation, International economic relations. KEYWORDS: Lomé conventions; STAB EX (stabilization

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of export earnings from commodities). 1282 Mosley, Paul. "Aid-effectiveness: The micro-macro paradox." Institute of Development Studies Bulletin 17, no. 2 (April 1986): 22-27. ALSO C O V E R S : Kenya. SUBJECTS: Foreign aid, Statistical analysis, Foreign aid policy. States that statistics show that foreign aid is succeeding at the project level but failing at the national and continental levels. Points to possible biases, errors, and mismeasures in data. Considers macromeasures and micromeasures in Kenya and concludes that foreign aid cannot be demonstrated to be helping. 1283 Moss, Joanna, and John Ravenhill. The Emerging Japanese Economic Influence in Africa: Implications for the United States. Berkeley, California: Institute of International Studies, 1985. 150 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Trade policy, Investment policy, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: Japan-Africa relations. 1284 Moss, Joanna. The Lomé Conventions and Their Implications for the United States. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1982. 218 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Industrial development, International economic relations, Foreign investment. KEYWORDS: ACP-EEC relations; ACP (African, Caribbean, and Pacific Countries); CID (Center for Industrial Development); Lomé conventions; EEC. 1285 Mtiro, Cisco. Towards Understanding African Diplomacy: An Analysis of the Role of Ideology, Economics, and the Military in the Determination of Foreign Policy in African Countries. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Centre for Foreign Relations, 1981. 95 pp. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa, Congo. SUBJECTS: Diplomatic relations, Authoritarian government, Military policy, Foreign policy, Underdevelopment, Economic cooperation. KEYWORDS: Nkrumah, Kwame; Congo Crisis 1960-1965; New International Economic Order; intra-African relations. 1286 M u a k a , Angaluki. "The Gulf crisis and its implications for Africa." Ufahamu 18, no. 2 (Spring 1990): 32-40. SUBJECTS: Warfare, International relations, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: Gulf War 1991. Considers the military, political, cultural, and economic implications of the invasion of Kuwait by Iraq, as well as US involvement in the conflict. Concludes that the crisis has ominous implications for Africa. (Written just before the war.) 1287 Mudge, James. "Implications of the Agenda for aid policies and priorities in agriculture."RuralAfricana no. 19-20 (Spring/Fall 1984): 69-79. SUBJECTS: Development policy, Agricultural development, Foreign aid, Economic aid, Foreign aid policy. KEYWORDS: World Bank; USAID. 1288 Mulira, James. "Soviet policy in Africa: From Lenin to Andropov: An Afrocentric interpretation." Genève Afrique/Geneva Africa 21, no. 2 (1983): 69-87. SUBJECTS: International relations, Political ideology, Marxism-Leninism, Liberation movement, Foreign aid, Technical assistance, Nationalism. KEYWORDS: USSR-Africa relations; African communism; Lenin, Vladimir Il'ich. 1289 Mutalik-Desai, Priya, ed. Development Issues in Africa. Bombay, India: Himalaya Publishing House, 1982. 327 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: East Africa, Kenya. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Transnational corporations, Geopolitics, Rural development, Urbanization, Education system, Neocolonialism. KEYWORDS: India-Africa relations; France-Africa relations. 1290 Mutharika, Bingu Wa, and Symposium on the African Perspectives of the NIEO. The Changing Structure of Regional Integration in the New International Economic Order. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: UN University/Addis Ababa University, 1981. 38 pp. SUB-

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JECTS: North-South relations, Wealth redistribution, Capitalism, International economic system, Regional integration, Industrialization, Import substitution. KEYWORDS: New International Economic Order. 1291 Mwase, Ngila. "The ECA and Africa's development: 19832008: A policy study." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 9, no. 1 (1984): 82-98. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Socialism, International economic relations, International cooperation. KEYWORDS: ECA; Lagos Plan of Action 1980; OAU; New International Economic Order; World Bank. 1292 Mwayila, Tshiyembe. 'Théorie et pratique de la stratégie EstOuest en Afrique (première partie)." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 245/246 (1986): 3-22. SUBJECTS: International relations, Decolonization, Human rights, Superpower politics. KEYWORDS: US-Africa relations; Europe-Africa relations. Compares the political relations between Western and Eastern nations toward Africa since the independence movement in the early 1960s. Traces the development of US-Africa relations from independence to Reagan and suggests shifts in US emphasis. 1293 Mwayila, Tshiyembe. "Théorie et pratique de la stratégie EstOuest en Afrique (deuxième partie)." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 247/248 (1986): 29-41. SUBJECTS: International relations, Superpower politics, Socialist government, Liberation movement. KEYWORDS: USSRAfrica relations; China-Africa relations; OAU. Assesses relations between Africa and the USSR and China. Concludes that these relations are diplomatic and low-key. 1294 Nadelmann, Ethan A. "Israel and Black Africa: A rapprochement." The Journal of Modern African Studies 19, no. 2 (June 1981): 183-219. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Economic relations, Technical assistance. KEYWORDS: Arab-Africa relations; OAU; Israel-Africa relations. 1295 Nambudiri, C. N. S., O. Iyanda, and D. M. Akinnusi. "Third World firms in Third World countries." In: Management Problems in Africa, edited by Ukandi G. Damachi and Hans Dieter Seibel. New York: St. Martin's, 1986. 101-110 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Business administration, Economic analysis, Foreign investment, Trade policy, Trade relations, Transnational corporations. Examines the behavior and development of transnational corporations within Africa. Distinguishes between multinationals based in developed nations and those based in Africa itself. Discusses the latters' success and adaptation to the varying business environments. 1296 Nation, R. Craig. "Soviet engagement in Africa: Motives, means, and prospects." In: The Soviet Impact in Africa, edited by R. Craig Nation and Mark V. Kauppi. Lexington, Massachusetts: Lexington Books, 1984. 27-57 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Neocolonialism, Economic development, Strategic policy. KEYWORDS: USSR-Africa relations; OAU. 1297 Nation, R. Craig, and Mark V. Kauppi, eds. The Soviet Impact in Africa. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Lexington Books, 1984.271 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Zimbabwe, Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Revolutionary movement, Superpower politics, Liberation movement, Military policy, Political analysis, Conflict. KEYWORDS: Horn of Africa; USSR-Africa relations. 1298 Nation, R. Craig. "The Soviet impact in Africa." In: The Soviet Impact in Africa, edited by R. Craig Nation and Mark V. Kauppi. Lexington, Massachusetts: Lexington Books, 1984. 1-8 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: USSR-Africa relations.

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1299 Nazaria, Olga, and Juan F. Benemelis. "Cuba's relations with Africa: An overview." In: Cuban Internationalism in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Sergio Diaz-Briquets. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Duquesne University Press, 1989. 11-28 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Diplomatic relations, Export policy. KEYWORDS: Cuba-Africa relations. Briefly traces the evolution of the Cuban Revolution's Africa policy, emphasizing Cuba's formal relations with Africa. Reviews the early periods of Cuba's Africa involvement. 1300 Ndegwa, Philip. Philip Ndegwa on Africa's Development Crisis and Related International Issues. Nairobi, Kenya: Heinemann, 1985. 153 pp. ALSO COVERS: Kenya. SUBJECTS: International economic system, Development planning, Nationalism, Foreign aid, Public sector, Population growth, Family planning. KEYWORDS: World Bank. 1301 Ndoh, Michel. "Les réfugiés africains: statut juridique et réflexions politiques." Genève Afrique/Geneva Africa 20, no. 1 (1982): 9-38. SUBJECTS: Refugees, Foreign aid, Human rights, Foreign aid, International law. KEYWORDS: UNHCR (UN High Commission for Refugees); Tolbert, William R.; Geneva Convention 1951; BPERA (Bureau de Placement et d'Education des Réfugeés Africains); OAU. 1302 Nel, Philip R. "Soviet African policy: The role of the International Department." Africa Insight 12, no. 3 (1982): 132-136. tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: CPSU (Communist Party of the Soviet Union); AAPSO (Afro-Asian Peoples' Solidarity Organization); USSR-Africa relations. 1303 Nersesov, Georgi. 'Traditions of Soviet-African cooperation." In: The USSR and Africa, edited by A. Kochin. Moscow, USSR: USSR Academy of Sciences, 1983.167-190 pp. ALSO COVERS: Ethiopia. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Historical analysis, National liberation movement. KEYWORDS: USSR-Africa relations. 1304 Ngimbus-Ngimbus, Bodol. Les Relations Afrique-Europe: domination ou interdépendance. 1. Fribourg, Switzerland: Editions Internationales Pax-Sanaga and Rotex-Service, 1985. 286 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Historical analysis, Colonialism, Political independence, International politics. KEYWORDS: OCAM (Organisation Commune Africaine et Mauricienne); Strasbourg Conference 1961; Yaoundé Convention 1963; Europe-Africa relations. 1305 Nicol, Davidson. "The United States and Africa: Time for a new appraisal." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 82, no. 327 (April 1983): 159-167. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Superpower politics, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: constructive engagement; US-Africa relations; OAU. 1306 Nkashama, Pius Ngandu. "Les Rapports coopérants-africains." In: Introductions à la coopération en Afrique noire, edited by BLACT, Antoine Bouillon, and François Devalière. Paris: Karthala, 1983. 85-118 pp. SUBJECTS: International cooperation. KEYWORDS: intelligentsia; indigenous development. 1307 Noer, Thomas. Cold War and Black Liberation: The United States and White Rule in Africa, 1948-1968. Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press, 1985. 274 pp. SUBJECTS: Apartheid, International relations, Decolonization, National liberation movement, Diplomatic relations. 1308 Nwoke, Chibuzo N. "Conceptual perspectives on the periphery position of Third World countries in the international economic sys-

tem." In: Nigeria's Economic Relations with the Major Developed Market-Economy Countries, 1960-1985, edited by P. A. Akindele and Bassey E. Ate. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 1988. 1-27 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Market economy, Colonialism, Dependency theory, Self-sufficient economy, International economic system. KEYWORDS: core-periphery relations. Explores the relationship between Third World nations and the major Western market economies. Introduces the core-periphery model as an explanation of inequality between nations. Assesses the impact of investment and foreign aid on Third World nations. 1309 Nyang, Sulayman S. "Saudi Arabian foreign policy toward Africa." Horn of Africa 5, no. 2 (1982): 3-17. SUBJECTS: International relations, Diplomatic relations, Cultural policy, Economic relations. KEYWORDS: Saudi Development Fund. 1310 Nyang, Sulayman S. "Strength and challenges of French influence in Africa." TransAfrica Forum 5, no. 3 (Spring 1988): 61-79. SUBJECTS: International relations, Hegemony, Geopolitics, Neocolonialism. KEYWORDS: France-Africa relations; CFA (Communauté Financière Africaine). Examines France-Africa relations, including the role of the CFA and African intellectuals' bias toward the metropole. Discusses how superpower presence is gradually diminishing French and Islamic influence. 1311 Nyangoni, Wellington. Africa in the United Nations System. Rutherford, New Jersey: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1985. 285 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: International relations, International politics, Political history, Political development, Decolonization. KEYWORDS: OAU; UN. 1312 Obaseki, Nosakhare O, ed. Africa and the Superpowers: External Involvement in Regional Disputes. New York: International Peace Academy, 1983. 62 pp. ALSO COVERS: Angola, Sudan. SUBJECTS: International relations, Superpower politics, Conflict resolution, Economic integration, Intervention policy. KEYWORDS: OAU. 1313 Ochkov, Mikhail. "Africa's penetration by the US corporations." In: US Economic Expansion: Asia and Africa, edited by the Social Sciences Today Editorial Board. Moscow, USSR: Social Sciences Today Editorial Board, 1986. 21-37 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, International economic system, Transnational corporations, Neocolonialism, Economic integration. Examines the US policies of economic expansion and neocolonialist approaches to the newly independent nations in Africa. Maintains that the US foreign political and economic policy is geared toward consolidating control over these nations and their mineral and oil resources. 1314 Odada, Harry. "Afro-Arab relations since the 1973 Middle East war." TransAfrica Forum 4, no. 4 (Summer 1987): 61-71. SUBJECTS: International relations, Diplomatic relations, Foreign aid, Foreign trade. KEYWORDS: BADEA (Banque Arabe pour le Développement Economique en Afrique); Arab-Africa relations; Afro-Arab Conference 1977. Discusses the renewed strength of Arab-Africa ties following the Arab-Israeli War of 1973. Analyzes the role that Arab aid programs, multilateral joint conferences, and political institutions have played in this process. Argues that long-range common objectives need to be established or Arab-Africa relations will stagnate or worsen. 1315 Oded, Arye. Africa and Israel: African Attitudes toward Resumption of Diplomatic Relations. Jerusalem, Israel: Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 1986. 31 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Diplomatic relations, Political analysis, Political history, International politics. KEYWORDS: OAU; Israel-Africa relations.

AFRICA/Foreign Relations • 85 Discusses the issue of diplomatic relations with Israel in light of Israel's economic, political, and military ties with the RSA and the continuing question of a Palestinian homeland. Examines the political reaction to the renewal of ties with Israel by Zaire, Liberia, and Cote d'lvoire. 1316 Oded, Arye. Africa and the Middle East Conflict. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1987. 256 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Islam, Foreign aid, International relations, Christianity, Diplomatic relations. KEYWORDS: Saudi Arabia-Africa relations; Israel-Africa relations. Discusses the factors that strengthened the Arab position in Africa, enabling the Arabs in 1973 to induce most African countries to sever ties with Israel. Examines factors that have hampered Arab activities in Africa. Looks at Israeli activities between 1973 and 1985 and the factors that restricted Israel's ability to influence the diplomatic situation in its favor. 1317 Oded, Arye. "Africa, Israel and the Arabs: On restoration of Israeli-African diplomatic relations." The Jerusalem Journal of International Relations 6, no. 3 (1982/1983): 48-70. biblio. SUBJECTS: International relations, Diplomatic relations. KEYWORDS: ArabAfrica relations. 1318 Office of Technology Assessment. Grassroots Development: The African Development Foundation. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1988. 181 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Technical assistance, Case study, Foreign aid, Grassroots movement. KEYWORDS: ADF (African Development Foundation); Office of Technology Assessment; US Congress. Presents an overview of the ADF's organizational framework and project strategies since its founding in 1980. Presents twelve different case studies from throughout Africa. Includes a number of tools the ADF has used to evaluate project performance. 1319 Ofuatey-Kodjoe, W. "US economic policy towards Africa: Impact and implications." TransAfrica Forum 5, no. 2 (Winter 1988): 3-15. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic policy, Economic relations, International politics. KEYWORDS: US-Africa relations; Israel-Africa relations; USAID; Reagan, Ronald; Reaganomics. Analyzes US aid and economic policies toward Africa from the early 1950s to the late 1980s. Argues that these policies have been driven more by defense concerns and raw materials needs than to promote development. States that the US should promote economic aid directed toward economic growth in order to build more lasting ties between the regions. 1320 Ogene, F. Chidozie. Interest Groups and the Shaping of Foreign Policy: Four Case Studies of United States African Policy. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1983.224 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Congo, Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, Apartheid, Intervention policy, Government analysis, Legislative action. KEYWORDS: Congo Crisis 1960-1965; Nigerian Civil War 1967-1970; USRhodesian Chrome Crisis 1971-1973; SASA (South African Sugar Association); UN economic sanctions against Rhodesia 1968-1973. 1321 Ogumbambi, Rafiq O. A. "The politics of multipolar configuration in Africa: Changes for today's society." The African Review 9, no. 1 (1982): 85-103. SUBJECTS: International relations, Nonaligned nation, Liberation movement, Nationalism, Foreign policy, Hegemony. 1322 Ogunbadejo, Oye. "Africa and nuclear nonproliferation." In: Agenda for Action: African-Soviet-U.S. Cooperation, edited by Anatoly A. Gromyko and C. S. Whitaker. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1990. 169-178 pp. SUBJECTS: Nuclear capability, Foreign policy, International cooperation. KEYWORDS: US-USSR relations.

Asks how Africa can forge a nonnuclear continent when Israel and the RSA have nuclear capability. Examines the nonproliferation treaty and nonnuclear sources of energy. Recommends international cooperation. 1323 Ohaegbulam, F. Ugboaja. "Containment in Africa: From Truman to Reagan." TransAfrica Forum 6, no. 1 (Fall 1988): 7-33. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Leadership analysis, Communism, Superpower politics, Foreign policy, International relations. KEYWORDS: Reagan, Ronald; US-Africa relations; Nixon, Richard; Johnson, Lyndon B.; Kennedy, John F. States that containing communism has been the main engine of US foreign policy in Africa. Details the policies of each US administration since Truman, including Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon, Ford, Carter, and Reagan. Explains why the US policy achieved so little and did not increase US credibility. 1324 Ohaegbulam, Festus Ugboaja. "Africa and the superpower rivalry: Prospects for the future and possible remedies." Journal of African Studies 8, no. 4 (Winter 1981/1982): 163-175. SUBJECTS: International relations, Superpower politics, Imperialism, Diplomatic relations. KEYWORDS: US-Africa relations; USSR-Africa relations. 1325 Oja, Olusola. "Afro-Arab relations in the 1980s and beyond." The Jerusalem Journal of International Relations 7, no. 4 (1985): 105-118. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Diplomatic relations, Economic aid. KEYWORDS: B ADEA (Banque Arabe pour le Développement Economique en Afrique); SAAFA (Special Arab Aid Fund for Africa); League of Arab States; OAU; Arab-Africa relations. 1326 Ojo, Sola. "Arab-Israeli conflict and Afro-Arab relations." In: Africa and the International Political System, edited by Timothy M. Shaw and Sola Ojo. Washington, DC: University Press of America, 1982. 139-167 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Arab nations, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: Arab-Israeli relations; Arab-Africa relations; OAU; UN. 1327 Ojo, M. Adeleye. "Africa and the United Nations system: Decolonization and development." Présence africaine 119 (1981): 72-89. SUBJECTS: International relations, Colonialism, Diplomatic relations, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: UN General Assembly Resolution 154. 1328 Ojo, Olatunde. "The international actors." In: African International Relations, edited by J. C. B. Olatunde, D. K. Orwa, and C. M. B. Utete. New York: Longman, 1985. 18-42 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Political theory, Political culture, Political conflict. 1329 Ojo, Olatunde J. C. B., D. K. Orwa, and C. M. B. Utete, eds. African International Relations. London: Longman, 1985. 186 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic integration, Foreign p o l i c y , C o l o n i a l i s m , S u p e r p o w e r politics. KEYWORDS: OAU; ECOWAS; UN; US-Africa relations. 1330 Ojo, Olusola. "Africa and Israel: Time for rapprochement." In: Issues in the Administration of Nigeria's Public Sector, edited by A. O. Sanda and Olusola Ojo. Ile-Ife, Nigeria: University of Ife Press, 1986. 109-123 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Islam, Arab nations, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: Israel-Africa relations; OAU. Explores the relationship between African nations and Israel. Suggests that Africa's current anti-Israeli stance has hurt African nations and asserts that it is in such nations' interest to mend the rift between them and Israel. 1331 Ojo, Olusola. "Africa's food crisis and Afro-Arab relations." African Studies Association Papers 26, no. 103 (December 1983):

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1-26. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Agricultural production, Food scarcity, Population growth, Rural population, Foreign investment, Economic relations. KEYWORDS : food self-sufficiency; Lagos Plan of Action 1980.

by Bruce E. Arlinghaus. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1984.157-170 pp. ALSO COVERS: West Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, International cooperation, Military alliance, Economic integration. KEYWORDS: Congo Crisis 1960-1965; OAU.

1332 Ojo, Olusola. "Afro-Arab financial cooperation." African Studies Association Papers 24, no. 91 (October 1981): 1-22. SUBJECTS: International relations, Technical assistance, Economic aid, Religious conflict, Mining, Oil industry. KEYWORDS: Arab-Africa relations; OAU; OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development; SAAFA (Special Arab Aid Fund for Africa).

1340 Ostheimer, John M. "Cooperation among African states." AfricanStudies Association Papers 25, no. 81 (November 1982): 1-18. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic cooperation, Military alliance, Demographic analysis, International cooperation. KEYWORDS: SADCC; ECOWAS; OAU.

1333 Okpala, Don C. I. "The roles and influences of external assistance in the planning, development and management of African human settlement systems." Third World Planning Review 12, no. 3 (August 1990): 205-229. tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign aid, Development planning, Policy analysis, Technical assistance. KEYWORDS: UNCHS (UN Conference on Human Settlements). Argues that the current practices in external assistance to Africa are not properly adapted to the needs of the continent. Proposes that external assistance be designed to assure self-sustaining development that is focused on strengthening the capacity of local institutions. 1334 Oladé, Paraïso Jean-Yves. "La Politique africaine des gouvernements sociaux-démocrates Ouest-Allemands ( 1969-1982): un bilan critique." Peuples noirs;peuples africains 7, no. 39 (May/June 1984): 16-38. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign aid, Government analysis, Imperialism, Liberation movement. KEYWORDS: West GermanyAfrica relations; Brandt, Willy. 1335 Oneal, John R. "Foreign investments in less developed regions." Political Science Quarterly 103, no. 1 (1988): 131-148. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Imperialism, Transnational corporations, Foreign investment, Mining. KEYWORDS: capital flow; US-Africa relations. Examines the profitability of foreign investments for powerful states in developing countries. Concludes that despite what critics of capitalism might say, powerful states have not been able to reap consistent superprofits by exploiting their hegemonic advantage. 1336 Onwuku, Ralph I., and Olajide Aluko, eds. The Future of Africa and the New International Economic Order. London: Macmillan, 1986. 326 pp. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS : New International Economic Order; ECOWAS; IMF; UNCTAD; UN. States that the New International Economic Order would be detrimental to Africa's development. Advocates South-South cooperation, most importantly in trade and commodity bargaining, which could be employed as a bargaining factor in North-South relations. 1337 Orwa, D. K. "African states and the superpowers." In: African International Relations, edited by J. C. B. Olatunde, D. K. Orwa, and C. M. B. Utete. New York: Longman, 1985. 96-108 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Superpower politics, Foreign aid, Strategic policy. KEYWORDS: IMF; USSR-Africa relations; US-Africa relations. 1338 Osia, Kuirum. "Arab aid to Black African states and their relations with Israel." Journal of African Studies 10, no. 3 (Fall 1983): 109-115. SUBJECTS: International relations, Political history, Diplomatic relations, Foreign aid, Arab nations. KEYWORDS: ArabAfrica relations; BADEA (Banque Arabe pour le Développement Economique en Afrique). 1339 Ostheimer, John M. "Cooperation among African states." In: African Security Issues: Sovereignty, Stability and Solidarity, edited

1341 Otayek, René. "L'Egypte et l'Afrique: responsabilités continentales et contraintes géostratégiques."Afrique contemporaine 153, no. 1 (1990): 61-64. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Foreign policy, International relations. KEYWORDS: Egypt-Africa relations. Examines the relationship between Egypt and the rest of the continent of Africa. Presents analysis from Nasser to Mubarak. 1342 Otayek, René. "La Libye au sud du Sahara." Maghreb Machrek no. 93 (October/December 1981): 5-35. ALSO COVERS: Libya. SUBJECTS: International relations, Colonialism, Foreign aid, Economic dependency, Revolutionary movement. KEYWORDS: bilateral aid; USSR-Libya relations. 1343 Otayek, René. "Les Rélations arabo-africaines à l'épreuve de la paix entre Israël et l'Egypte." Année africaine (1981): 212-235. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, International cooperation, International finance, Arab nations. KEYWORDS: Israel-Egypt relations; Arab-Africa relations; OAU; OPEC. 1344 Owoeye, Jide. "Africa and Japan's search for resource security." Afrilca Spectrum 19, no. 3 (1984): 279-289. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, Raw materials, Energy use, Transportation system, Diplomatic relations. KEYWORDS: Japan-Africa relations; minerals. 1345 Owoeye, Jide. "The linkages between psycho-cultural perceptions and foreign policy behaviour: A study of Japanese images of Africa." Genève Afrique!Geneva Africa 24, no. 2 (1986): 119-136. SUBJECTS: International relations, Diplomatic relations, Cultural identity. KEYWORDS: Japan-Africa relations. Suggests that Japanese knowledge about Africa has improved but that conscious attempts must be made by both Africans and Japanese to establish cultural dialogue with each other. 1346 Oye, Kenneth A., Robert J. Lieber, and Donald Rothchild, eds. The Eagle Defiant: UnitedStatesForeignPolicy in the 1980s. Boston, Massachusetts: Little, Brown and Company, 1983. 404 pp. tables. SUBJECTS : International relations, Foreign policy, Economic policy, Defense policy, Regionalism. KEYWORDS: Carter, Jimmy; USAfrica relations; Reaganomics. 1347 Oyugi, Walter. "The impact of international environment on public administration and management systems in Africa." In: The Ecology of Public Administration and Management in Africa, edited by the African Association for Public Administration and Management. New Delhi, India: Vikas Publishing House, 1986. 267-88 pp. SUBJECTS: International economic relations, International relations, Development theory, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: donor agency; IMF; World Bank. Discusses the impact that the international economic and political environment have on the creation and modification of the African administrative sector. Outlines how the relationships between nations are connected to internal policy decisions. 1348 Pallangyo, E. P., and L. A. Odero-Ogwel. "The persistence of the food and agriculture crisis in Africa." In: Economic Crisis in Africa: African Perspectives on Development Problems and Potentials, edited by Adebayo Adedeji and Timothy M. Shaw. Boulder,

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Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1985. 169-186 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign aid, Food scarcity, Agricultural production. KEYWORDS: FAO; ECA; Lagos Plan of Action 1980. 1349 Payne, Richard J., and Jamal R. Nassar. "The New International Economic Order at sea." The Journal of Developing Areas 17, no. 1 (October 1982): 31-50. tables. ALSO COVERS: Zambia, Zaire. SUBJECTS: International relations. KEYWORDS: manganese; landlocked countries; Law of the Sea Convention 1982; New International Economic Order. 1350 Peixoto, A. C. "Le Brésil et l'Afrique." Politique africaine no. 10 (June 1983): 25-38. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Transnational corporations, International economic relations, Foreign trade. KEYWORDS: Brazil-Africa relations. 1351 Peters, Joel. "The quest for recognition: Israeli African relations in the 1980's." African Studies Association Papers 28, no. 100 (November 1985): 1-25. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Foreign aid, Military aid, Technical assistance, Diplomatic relations, Trade relations. KEYWORDS: Israel-Africa relations. 1352 Peters, Joel. 'The return of Israel to Africa: Israeli-African relations in the 1980s." In: Africa in World Politics: Changing Perspectives, edited by Stephen Wright and Janice N. Brownfoot. Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan, 1987. 181-193 pp. ALSO COVERS: Zaire, Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Technical assistance, Diplomatic relations, International relations, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: Israel-Africa relations. Provides a detailed insight into Israel's Africa policy. Shows how in recent years Israel has been attempting to reverse its fortunes in Africa, without much success. States that Israel's close association with the RSA continues to circumscribe its diplomatic endeavors on the continent. 1353 Potter, William C. "Cooperation for nonproliferation in Africa." In: Agenda for Action: African-Soviet-U.S. Cooperation, edited by Anatoly A. Gromyko and C. S. Whitaker. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1990. 179-185 pp. SUBJECTS: Nuclear capability, Foreign policy, International cooperation. KEYWORDS: US-USSR relations. Notes that the US and the USSR have cooperated through Republican and Democratic administrations in reducing nuclear weapons. Describes the history of their cooperation for nonproliferation in Africa as well. 1354 Qadeer, Mohammad A. "Paternalism or enlightenment: The purpose of Third World studies." Third World Quarterly 3, no. 4 (October 1981): 689-697. SUBJECTS: International relations, Higher education, North-South relations. 1355 Qadir, Shahid. "UN conference on the least developed countries: Neither breakthrough nor breakdown." Third World Quarterly A, no. 1 (January 1982): 125-143. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Underdevelopment, Foreign aid policy, Colonialism, International economic system, Poverty. KEYWORDS: UN. 1356 Quantin, P. "La Vision gaulliéne de l'Afrique noire." Politique africaine 2, no. 5 (February 1982): 8-18. SUBJECTS: International relations, Hegemony, Regional security, Leadership analysis. KEYWORDS: de Gaulle, Charles; France-Africa relations. 1357 Rajana, Cecil. "The Lomé Convention: An evaluation of EEC economic assistance to the ACP states." The Journal of Modern African Studies 20, no. 2 (June 1982): 179-220. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Development policy, Foreign aid, Economic dependency. KEYWORDS: Lomé Convention 1979; Yaoundé, Cameroon; ACP (African, Caribbean, and Pacific Countries); EEC.

1358 Rajana, Cecil. "The Lomé Convention: An evaluation of EEC economic assistance to the ACP states." Revue canadienne d'études de développement!Canadian Journal of Development Studies 2, no. 2 (1981): 301-340. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign aid, Development policy, Economic dependency. KEYWORDS: EEC; ACP (African, Caribbean, and Pacific Countries); Lomé Convention 1979; Yaoundé, Cameroon. 1359 Ramchandani, R. R., ed. India Africa Relations: Volume I: Issues and Policy Options. Delhi, India: Kalinga, 1990.405 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, International economic relations. KEYWORDS: India-Africa relations. A collection of papers published as the result of an international seminar organized by Bombay University, 3-5 February 1986. Relates political and foreign policy issues, economic perspectives, and specific economic issues. Offers historical and cultural dimensions. 1360 Ramchandani, R. R. "The role of regional organisations in promoting economic cooperation: The case of sub-Saharan Africa." Africa Quarterly 26, no. 1 (February 1988): 59-72. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, International economic relations, Regional conflict. KEYWORDS : ECOWAS ; PTA (Preferential Trade Area); SADCC. Suggests that weak regional organizations may invite neocolonialist penetration of industrialized capitalist countries. Concludes that the strong, large groupings in Africa, such as ECOWAS and SADCC, are important for establishing a more equitable world order. 1361 Ramchandani, R. R. "Towards rationalising India-Africa economic relations: The role of production cooperation." African Studies Association Papers 29, no. 77 (October/November 1986): 1-39. tables. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: International economic relations, Industrial production, Economic development, International cooperation. KEYWORDS: India-Africa relations; National Small Industries Corporation; ECA. Examines the relationship between India and Africa to determine the extent of their economic ties since the 1960s and in the future. States that some cooperative production ventures have taken place, but India and Africa should move toward a joint approach for economic gain that will enable both to compete in the global market. 1362 Rangarajan, L. N. "Commodity conflict revisited: From Nairobi to Belgrade." Third World Quarterly 5, no. 3 (July 1983): 586-609. ALSO COVERS: Kenya. SUBJECTS: International relations, International economic system, Commodity production, Development financing. KEYWORDS: IMF; compensatory financing facility; STABEX (stabilization of export earnings from commodities); international commodity agreement; ACP (African, Caribbean, and Pacific Countries). 1363 Rash, Yehoshua. "Les Années israéliennes en Afrique: un bilan." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 182/183 (1981): 28-42. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign aid, Arab nations, Diplomatie relations. KEYWORDS: Israel-Africa relations; Arab-Israeli War 1967; EgyptIsrael relations. 1364 Ratliff, William E. "People's Republic of China." In: Communist Powers and Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Thomas H. Henriksen. Stanford, California: Hoover Institution Press, Stanford University, 1981.85-110pp. SUBJECTS: Diplomatic relations, International economic relations, Military aid. KEYWORDS: ChinaAfrica relations. 1365 Ravenhill, John. Collective Clientelism: The Lomé Conventions and North-South Relations. New York: Columbia University Press, 1985.389 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: International relations,

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Economic integration, Economic cooperation, Trade relations, Foreign aid, North-South relations. KEYWORDS: EEC; STABEX (stabilization of export earnings from commodities); ACP (African, Caribbean, and Pacific Countries); Lomé conventions.

Assesses goals and priorities of the Bush administration's policy in Africa. Discusses policy options in the face of such constraints as Bush's links to the "globalism" of the preceding Reagan administration and his own administration's self-imposed austerity measures.

1366 Ravenhill, John, and Donald Rothchild. "Reagan's Africa policy: A new unilateralism." International Journal 38, no. 1 (Winter 1982/1983): 107-127. SUBJECTS: International relations, Regionalism, Ideologies, International economic relations, Human rights, Superpower politics. KEYWORDS: Reagan, Ronald; Carter, Jimmy. Contends that the Reagan administration policy toward the African continent reflects its understanding of the East-West conflict. Believes that the Reagan foreign policy's globalist perspective tends to produce unhelpful priorities for relations with African states involving objectives often not shared by states on the continent.

1373 Rothchild, Donald. "Subordinating African issues to global logic: Reagan confronts political complexity." In: Eagle Resurgent? The Reagan Era in American Foreign Policy, edited by Kenneth A. Oye, Robert J. Lieber, and Donald Rothchild. Boston, Massachusetts: Little, Brown, 1987. 393-429 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Superpower politics, Foreign trade, Economic policy, Economic development. KEYWORDS: Reagan, Ronald; Kissinger, Henry; Carter, Jimmy. Uses global and regional perspectives to discuss US foreign policy toward Africa, with an emphasis on the role of the Reagan administration.

1367 Rawkins, Phillip M. 'Technological sovereignty, economic nationalism and the world system: The impact of high technology." In: Regional Development at the International Level: African and Canadian Perspectives, edited by Timothy M. Shaw and Yash Tandon. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1985.145-183 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Technological development, Technology transfer, International politics. KEYWORDS: PanAfrican Telecommunications Network.

1374 Rothgeb, John M., Jr., "Trojan horse, scapegoat, or non-foreign entity: Foreign policy and investment penetration in poor countries." The Journal of Conflict Resolution 31, no. 2 (1987): 227-265. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Underdevelopment, Foreign capital, Foreign policy, International economic relations, Transnational corporations, Mining. Presents the results of an investigation into the relationship between direct foreign investments and foreign policy behavior in underdeveloped countries.

1368 Riddell, Roger C. Foreign Aid Reconsidered. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987. 309 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign aid, Economic aid. Discusses ethical and theoretical questions of foreign aid in its different forms and evaluates the various debates surrounding it. 1369 Rohr, Janelle, ed. Problems of Africa: Opposing Viewpoints. St. Paul, Minnesota: Greenhaven, 1986. 240 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Foreign investment, Foreign aid, Famine, Apartheid, Foreign policy, International relations, Economic system. Provides a political, economic, and historic context for events in Africa. Focuses on some current issues, such as foreign economic assistance, famine, apartheid, and foreign relations. Allows a wide range of opinions to be expressed. 1370 Roshchin, Georgi. "The USA—The leading force of neocolonialism." In: US Economic Expansion: Asia and Africa, edited by the Social Sciences Today Editorial Board. Moscow, USSR: Social Sciences Today Editorial Board, 1986. 38-50 pp. SUBJECTS: Neocolonialism, Economic aid, Foreign aid policy, Transnational corporations, International economic system. Maintains that the US is the leading actor in the neocolonialist move to control the labor and natural resources of Africa. Discusses the industrialized nations' foreign policy as a function of their goals toward this end. Concentrates on US economic aid and investment policy as the major tool of economic expansion and control. 1371 Rothchild, Donald, and John Ravenhill. "From Carter to Reagan: The global perspective on Africa becomes ascendant." In: The Eagle Defiant: United States Foreign Policy in the 1980s, edited by Kenneth A. Oye, Robert J. Lieber, and Donald Rothchild. Boston, Massachusetts: Little, Brown, 1983. 337-365 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Regionalism, Government analysis. KEYWORDS: Kissinger, Henry; Carter, Jimmy; Reagan, Ronald; Reaganomics; OAU. 1372 Rothchild, Donald. "Gorbachev's 'new thinking' and the options for President Bush on Africa." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 18, no. 1 (1989): 10-16. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, International relations. KEYWORDS: Crocker, Chester A.; US-Africa relations; Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich; Bush, George.

1375 Rothstein, Robert L. "Is the North-South dialogue worth saving?" Third World Quarterly 6, no. 1 (January 1984): 155-181. SUBJECTS: International relations, North-South relations, Economic relations. 1376 Rubinshtein, G. I. "General trends and developments in Africa's foreign trade." Africa in Soviet Studies (1982): 171-182. SUBJECTS: International economic relations, Foreign trade, Export policy, Colonialism, Foreign aid, Commodity production, Capitalism. 1377 Rupesinghe, Kumar. 'The Brandt Commission Report 1983: A blueprint for world recovery?" Bulletin of Peace Proposals 14, no. 3 (1983): 283-293. SUBJECTS: International economic relations, Foreign aid, Foreign capital. KEYWORDS: Brandt Commission Report 1983; IMF; World Bank. 1378 Rusk, John. "Africa rights monitor—Structures of neocolonialism: The African context of human rights." Africa Today 33, no. 4 (1986): 71-76. SUBJECTS: International relations, Imperialism, Economic development, Military policy, Intervention policy. KEYWORDS: African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 1983; OAU. Describes issues discussed during a conference on human rights in Africa. Examines the cases brought up about linkages between Third World political and economic imperialism on the one hand and political repression on the other hand. Compares the Western concept of human rights with the African concept of human rights. 1379 Salehizadeh, Mehdi. "Multinational companies and developing countries: A new relationship." Third World Quarterly 5, no. 1 (January 1983): 128-138. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Income distribution, Foreign trade, Transnational corporations, Foreign capital, Foreign investment. 1380 Santucci, Robert. "La Ligue Arabe et l'Afrique sudsaharienne." Sociétés africaines, monde arabe et culture islamique 1 (1981): 309-322. SUBJECTS: International relations, Arab nations, Regional integration, Diplomatie relations. KEYWORDS: League of Arab States; Arab-Africa relations. 1381 Sarfo, Kwasi. "US policy on African conflicts: Globalism vs.

AFRICA/Foreign Relations • 89 regionalism." Africa and the World 1, no. 1 (October 1987): 21-29. SUBJECTS: Superpower politics, Political system, Regional conflict, International politics, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: Reagan, Ronald; Carter, Jimmy; US-Africa relations. Examines US reaction toward different political conflicts throughout Africa, including conflicts in Angola, Chad, Southern Africa, and Western Sahara. 1382 Schulz, Brigitte, and William Hansen. "Aid or imperialism? West Germany in sub-Saharan Africa." The Journal of Modern African Studies 22, no. 2 (June 1984): 287-313. SUBJECTS: International relations, Neocolonialism, Raw materials, International economic system, Capitalism, Dependency theory. KEYWORDS: West Germany-Africa relations; EEC. 1383 Schulz, Brigitte, and William Hansen. Aid or Imperialism? West Germany in sub-Saharan Africa. Boston, Massachusetts: African Studies Center, Boston University, 1982. 30 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Neocolonialism, Raw materials, International economic system, Capitalism, Dependency theory. KEYWORDS: West Germany-Africa relations; EEC. 1384 Seidman, A., and R. B. Seidman. "On international law, political economy and the process of development." In: New Perspectives and Conceptions of International Law: An Afro-European Dialogue, edited by K. Ginther and W. Benedek. Vienna, Austria: Springer-Verlag, 1983. 12-28 pp. SUBJECTS: International law, Economic development, Research methodology, Transnational corporations, Poverty, International economic system. 1385 Sesay, Amadu, and Orobola Fasehun. "Possible futures for the OAU in the world system." In: Africa Projected: From Recession to Renaissance by the Year 2000? edited by Timothy M. Shaw and Olajide Aluko. London: Macmillan, 1985. 133-150 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Human rights, International economic relations, Decolonization, Economic development. KEYWORDS: OAU. 1386 Sewell, John W., and I. William Zartman. "Global negotiations: Path to the future or dead-end street?" Third World Quarterly 6, no. 2 (April 1984): 374-410. SUBJECTS: International relations, International economic system, North-South relations. KEYWORDS: Conference on International Cooperation; UN Committee of the Whole; Multifibre Arrangement; International Wheat Agreement. 1387 Shavit, David. The United States in Africa: A Historical Dictionary. New York: Greenwood Press, 1989. 298 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Ethiopia, Liberia. SUBJECTS: International relations, Biography. KEYWORDS: US-Africa relations; ABCFM (American Board of Commissions for Foreign Missions); Presbyterian Church; Monrovia, Liberia. Lists and defines the people, institutions, and events that have connected the US with Africa. Focuses on Ethiopia, Zaire, Liberia, Nigeria, and the RSA. 1388 Shaw, Timothy M., and Sola Ojo, eds. Africa and the International Political System. Washington, DC: University Press of America, 1982. 301 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Decolonization, Foreign trade, Economic development, Transnational corporations, Regional integration. KEYWORDS: OAU; Arab-Africa relations.

Eleventh Annual Conference of the Canadian Association of African Studies, edited by Donald Ray, Peter Shinnie, and Donovan Williams. Vancouver, BC: Tantalus, 1981. 19-37 pp. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, Class analysis, Political economy studies, International relations, Transnational corporations. KEYWORDS: ECA; alternative development. 1391 Shaw, Timothy M. "The future of a political economy of African foreign policy." In: The Political Economy of African Foreign Policy: Comparative Analysis, edited by Timothy M. Shaw and Olajide Aluko. Aldershot, UK: Gower, 1984. 372-379 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Economic inequality. 1392 Shaw, Timothy M., and Olajide Aluko, eds. The Political Economy of African Foreign Policy: Comparative Analysis. Aidershot, UK: Gower, 1984. 397 pp. biblio, maps. SUBJECTS: Political theory, Foreign policy, Political economy studies, Economic development, International relations, Indigenization. KEYWORDS: SADCC; ECOWAS; OAU. 1393 Shaw, Timothy M., and Olajide Aluko. 'Towards a political economy of African foreign policy." In: The Political Economy of African Foreign Policy: Comparative Analysis, edited by Timothy M. Shaw and Olajide Aluko. Aldershot, UK: Gower, 1984. 1-24 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Historical analysis, Economic development, Political economy studies. 1394 Shaw, Timothy M. "Towards a political economy of the African crisis: Diplomacy, debates and dialectics." In: Drought and Hunger in Africa: Denying Famine a Future, edited by Michael H. Glantz. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1987. 127-147 pp. SUBJECTS: Diplomatic relations, Political economy studies, Drought, Agricultural policy, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; OAU; ECA. States that the roots of the current Africa-wide crisis lie in Africa's inheritance of impoverished, extroverted, and underdeveloped economies compounded by adverse postindependence changes in the global division of labor. States that this situation makes Africa extremely vulnerable to drought, dependence, and dominance. 1395 Shearman, Peter. "Gorbachev and the Third World: An era of reform?" Third World Quarterly 9, no. 4 (October 1987): 1083-1117. tables. SUBJECTS: Superpower politics, International relations. KEYWORDS: USSR-Africa relations; Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich. Reviews recent USSR policy practices toward the Third World. States that while USSR policy is still formed in the context of EastWest relations, under Gorbachev it increasingly came to reflect his realization that the military instrument is no longer a useful means of gaining greater influence and leverage in the Third World. 1396 Shepherd, George W., Jr., "Dominance and conflict in the Horn." Africa Today 32, no. 3 (1985): 7-21. ALSO COVERS: Ethiopia, Sudan. SUBJECTS: International relations, Conflict, Superpower politics, Military aid, Civilian government. KEYWORDS: Horn of Africa.

1389 Shaw, Timothy M. Africa's International Affairs: An Analysis and Bibliography. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada: Centre for Foreign Policy Studies, 1983.102pp.biblio, maps. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, International relations, Foreign policy, Political economy studies.

1397 Shihata, Ibrahim F. I. "North-South dialogue revisited: Some personal reflections." Third World Quarterly 5, no. 3 (July 1983): 569-585. SUBJECTS: Economic development, International economic system, Arms industry, North-South relations, Foreign trade. KEYWORDS: IFAD (International Fund for Agricultural Development).

1390 Shaw, Timothy M. "Class, Country and Corporation: Africa in the Capitalist World System." In: Into the 80s: The Proceedings of the

1398 Shrestha, Bijoy C. "Foreign aid: Issues, realities and policy alternatives." Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review 2, no. 2

90 • AFRICA/Foreign Relations (June 1986): 108-133. SUBJECTS: Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: Brandt Commission 1980. Analyzes whether foreign aid is a help or hindrance to developing countries. Reviews the literature on foreign aid and concludes that foreign aid is not counterproductive but is unlikely to increase. Recommends that aid agencies get beyond "aid fatigue" and recognize what many countries have achieved. 1399 Sideri, Sandro. "East-West-South relations: The emergence of a more realistic international cooperation." Third World Quarterly 4, no. 2 (April 1982): 248-267. SUBJECTS: International relations, International economic system, Underdevelopment, Foreign aid, Transnational corporations. KEYWORDS: EEC; Council for Mutual Economic Assistance; USSR-Africa relations; OPEC. 1400 Sircar, Parbati K. "Second 'scramble for Africa.'" Africa Quarterly 22, no. 2 (1983): 45-64. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign aid, Economic growth policy, Import policy. 1401 Sithole, Masipula. "Black Americans and United States policy towards Africa." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 85, no. 340 (July 1986): 325-350. SUBJECTS: International relations, Pan Africanism, Marxism-Leninism, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: Garvey, Marcus; DuBois, W. E. B.; Carmichael, Stokley; Black consciousness. Traces the history of Black America's interest in Africa, and suggests how Black Americans can play a more important role in US policy toward Africa. 1402 Smaldone, Joseph P. "US arms transfers and security assistance programs in Africa: A review and policy perspective." African Studies Association Papers 24, no. 120 (October 1981): 1-24. SUBJECTS: International relations, Military aid, Technical assistance, Technical training, Economic aid, Arms industry. KEYWORDS: US-Africa relations. 1403 Smouts, Marie Claude. "La France et le tiers-monde ou comment gagner le sud sans perdre le nord." Politique étrangère 50, no. 2 (1985): 339-358. SUBJECTS: Geopolitics, Foreign aid policy, Decolonization, Development policy, Geopolitics. KEYWORDS: France-Africa relations; North-South relations. 1404 Snow, Philip. The Star Raft: China's Encounter with Africa. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1988.250 pp. biblio, maps. ALSO COVERS: Ethiopia, Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Foreign aid, International relations, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: ChinaAfrica relations; Chinese Communist Party; Mao Tse-Tung; UKAfrica relations; France-Africa relations. States that history is largely a story of how Asia and Africa have responded to the alien culture of the West. Details the contact between China and Africa back to the fourth century. Examines Africa's response to China as a source of alternative ideas, and the negative and positive aspects of their relations. 1405 Staniland, Martin. "Africa, the American intelligentsia, and the shadow of Vietnam." Political Science Quarterly 98, no. 4 (1983): 595-616. SUBJECTS : International relations, Foreign policy, Political culture. KEYWORDS: US-Africa relations. 1406 Stevens, Christopher. "Renegotiation of the Convention." In: Europe, Africa and Lomé III, edited by Robert Boardman, Timothy M. Shaw, and Panayotis Soldatos. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1985. 59-83 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic history, Trade policy, International cooperation. KEYWORDS: Lomé conventions; EEC-ACP Convention; STAB EX (stabilization of export earnings from commodities). 1407 Stewart, Frances. "Brandt II—The mirage of collective action

in a self-serving world." Third World Quarterly 5, no. 3 (July 1983): 640-649. SUBJECTS: International relations, International economic system, Foreign trade, North-South relations, Food scarcity. 1408 Stokeld, Frederick W. "Africa and foreign aid: Using scarce resources wisely." In: Africa in the Post-Decolonization Era, edited by Richard E. Bissell and Michael S. Radu. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction, 1984. 83-99 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign aid, Economic development, Foreign aid policy. KEYWORDS: World Bank; USAID; UN. 1409 Stokeld, Frederick W. "Africa and foreign aid: Using scarce resources wisely." Orbis 25, no. 4 (Winter 1982): 993-1009. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Government expenditure, Economic aid, Foreign aid, North-South relations. KEYWORDS: USAID. 1410 Subramanian, K. K., and P. Mohanan Pillai. "Multinational corporations and African development." In: Development Issues in Africa, edited by Priya Mutalik-Desai. Bombay, India: Himalaya Publishing House, 1982. 227-241 pp. ALSO COVERS: Kenya, Tanzania. SUBJECTS: International relations, Colonialism, Economic growth rate, Investment policy, Transnational corporations, Technology transfer. 1411 Suter, Keith D. "Australia and the Third World." Third World Quarterly 5, no. 4 (October 1983): 861-873. ALSO COVERS: Namibia. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Racism, Diplomatic relations. KEYWORDS: Australia-Africa relations; Australia-Namibia relations; diplomatic history. 1412 Sylvester, Anthony. Arabs and Africans: Cooperation for Development. London: Bodley Head, 1981. 251 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Islamic society, Development financing, International relations, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: BADEA (Banque Arabe pour le Développement Economique en Afrique); Arab-Africa relations. 1413 Szentes, Tamas. "Socioeconomic effects of two patterns of foreign capital investment." In: Political Economy of Contemporary Africa, edited by Peter C. W. Gutkind and Immanuel Wallerstein. Beverly Hills, California: Sage Publications, 1985.279-316 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign investment, Investment policy, Foreign trade, Private investment, Transnational corporations. 1414 Tandon, Yash. "Africa within the context of global superpower struggle." In: Africa: Perspectives on Peace and Development, edited by Emmanuel Hansen. London: Zed, 1987. 34-52 pp. ALSO COVERS : Southern Africa. SUBJECTS : International relations, Conflict, Class analysis, Superpower politics, Economic development. KEYWORDS: World Bank; SADCC; FRELIMO; MNR (Mozambican National Resistance); IMF. Examines the present-day African situation and stresses the weakness of African leadership, which stems from an ideological and power vacuum caused by colonialism. States that Africa's economic and political weakness makes it vulnerable to superpower intervention during situations of conflict within Africa. 1415 Tarabrin, E. "Problems of Africa in the 1980s." In: The USSR and Africa, edited by Anatoly Gromyko. Moscow, USSR: Social Sciences Today Editorial Board, USSR Academy of Sciences, 1983. 24-42 pp. SUBJECTS: Transnational corporations, Neocolonialism, National liberation movement, Superpower politics. KEYWORDS: USSR-Africa relations. 1416 Tarabrin, Ye. A. "Newly-free countries and international relations." Africa in Soviet Studies (1988): 5-15. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Neocolonialism, Economic dependency. KEYWORDS: CPSU (Communist Party of the Soviet Union); OAU;

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USSR-Africa relations; US-Africa relations. Examines the general and specific positions of African states in international relations. Seeks to determine how the policies of such countries are combined with their growing influence to oppose the social revenge politics practiced by former colonial metropoles and the US. 1417 Tarabrin, Ye. A. "US expansionist policy in Africa." Africa in Soviet Studies (1984): 27-38. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Military policy, Imperialism, National d e v e l o p m e n t , S o c i a l i s m , Racism, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: US-Africa relations; Pax Americana; expansionist policy. 1418 Tekle, Amare. "A tale of three cities: The OAU and the dialectics of decolonization in Africa." Africa Today 35, no. 3/4 (1988): 49-60. ALSO COVERS: Ethiopia. SUBJECTS: International relations, Ideological conflict, Superpower politics, Liberation movement, Neocolonialism. KEYWORDS: international organization; Coordinating Committee for the Liberation of Africa; OAU; Lusaka Manifesto on Non-Violent Revolution 1968. Traces the roots of the struggles for African liberation. Discusses the role of the OAU in the struggle against colonialism and racism. Addresses the symbiotic relationship that created alliances among contending forces in the struggle in colonial countries. 1419 Tekle, Amare. "The Organization of African Unity at twenty five years: Retrospect and prospect." Africa Today 35, no. 3/4 (1988): 7-19. SUBJECTS: International relations. KEYWORDS: OAU. Analyzes the impact of the OAU in forging an African bloc. Examines its effectiveness in dealing with critical issues, conflicts, and problems. 1420 Theodoropoulos, Christos. "NIEO and African relations with the centrally-planned economies." In: The Future of Africa and the New International Economic Order, edited by Ralph I. Onwuku and Olajide Aluko. London: Macmillan, 1986. 209-228 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, International cooperation, Socialist economy, Centrally planned economy. KEYWORDS: New International Economic Order; East-South relations; Council for Mutual Economic Assistance. Examines basic characteristics of centrally planned economies and principles of their international cooperation. Concludes that EastSouth relations have increased rapidly in the last few decades and prospects for their future expansion are good. 1421 Thomas, D. Babatunde. "Technology and industrial development in Africa." In: Economic Crisis in Africa: African Perspectives on Development Problems and Potentials, edited by Adebayo Adedeji and Timothy M. Shaw. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1985. 249-265 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Industrial d e v e l o p m e n t , T e c h n o l o g i c a l d e v e l o p m e n t , F o r e i g n aid. KEYWORDS: technological underdevelopment; Lagos Plan of Action 1980; Industrial Development Decade for Africa.

1424 Turner, J. Michael. "New perspectives on African-Latin American relations in 1980s." In: The Future of Africa and the New International Economic Order, edited by Ralph I. Onwuku and Olajide Aluko. London: Macmillan, 1986. 187-208 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Historical analysis, Geopolitics. KEYWORDS: Latin America-Africa relations; SouthSouth relations. Analyzes contemporary Africa-Latin America relations and discusses issues that could influence the future relationship in terms of terms of strengthening South-South interregional cooperation. 1425 Underwood, John. "The debt problem in sub-Saharan Africa: Causes, consequences, and possible solutions." In: Africa in the 1990s and Beyond: U.S. Policy Opportunities and Choices, edited by Robert I. Rotberg. Algonac, Michigan: Reference Publications, 1988.73-111 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Debt financing, Foreign policy, International economic relations. KEYWORDS: Baker Debt Reduction Plan; World Bank; Baker, James; Paris Club; US-Africa relations. Reviews the history of the debt crisis, examines the current debt situation, and weighs the advantages and disadvantages of solutions developed for the debt crisis. Makes recommendations for US policy on debt financing and aid. 1426 Ungar, Sanford J. Africa: The People andPolitics of an Emerging Continent. 5th ed. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1985. 527 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Liberia, Nigeria. SUBJECTS: International relations, Historical analysis, Political participation, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: ECOWAS; OAU. 1427 Utete, C. M. B. "Africa and the former colonial powers." In: African International Relations, edited by J. C. B. Olatunde, D. K. Orwa, and C. M. B. Utete. New York: Longman, 1985. 109-118 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Decolonization, International relations, Political development, Diplomatic relations, International economic relations. KEYWORDS: STAB EX (stabilization of export earnings from commodities); ACP (African, Caribbean, and Pacific Countries); EEC. 1428 Utete, C. M. B. "Africa and the United Nations." In: African International Relations, edited by J. C. B. Olatunde, D. K. Orwa, and C. M. B. Utete. New York: Longman, 1985.119-128 pp. SUBJECTS: Superpower politics, International relations, Decolonization, Diplomatic relations, International politics. KEYWORDS: UN; OAU; UNCTAD. 1429 Utete, C. M. B. "Foreign policy and the developing state." In: African International Relations, edited by J. C. B. Olatunde, D. K. Orwa, and C. M. B. Utete. New York: Longman, 1985. 43-51 pp. SUBJECTS: Political development, Economic development, International relations, Foreign policy, Development theory. 1430 Vakhrushev, V. V. "Some aspects of neocolonial policy." Africa in Soviet Studies (1983): 148-168. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Socialism, Capitalism, International economic system. KEYWORDS: Brandt Commission Report 1980; UN; New International Economic Order.

1422 Thompson, W. Scott. "U.S. policy toward Africa: At America's service?" In: Africa in the Post-Decolonization Era, edited by Richard E. Bissell and Michael S. Radu. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction, 1984. 123-136 pp. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa, East Africa. SUBJECTS: Intervention policy, Foreign policy, Strategic policy, National security. KEYWORDS: US-Africa relations; Reagan, Ronald; Carter, Jimmy; UNITA; SWAPO.

1431 Vale, Peter C. J. North-South Relations and the Lomé Conventions: Treating the Symptoms and Not the Causes. Braamfontein, RSA: South African Institute of International Affairs, 1981. 13 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, International economic relations, International politics. KEYWORDS: Lomé Convention 1975; Lomé Convention 1979; New International Economic Order.

1423 Thompson, W. Scott. "U.S. policy toward Africa: At America's service?" Orbis 25, no. 4 (Winter 1982): 1011-1024. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa, East Africa. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, Intervention policy, Strategic policy, National security. KEYWORDS: Carter, Jimmy; Reagan, Ronald; US-Africa relations; UNITA; SWAPO.

1432 Vallin, Paul. "La France en Afrique." L'Afrique et l'Asie modernes no. 167 (Winter 1990-1991): 24-51. maps. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic development, Foreign policy, Military intervention. KEYWORDS: France-Africa relations. Looks at the recent past and present relations between Africa and

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France, including foreign and military policies. Examines Africa's development potential and French aid policies for Africa. 1433 Vengroff, Richard. "Food and dependency: P. L. 480 aid to Black Africa." The Journal of Modern African Studies 20, no. 1 (March 1982): 27-43. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign aid, Dependency theory, Food aid. KEYWORDS: US Agricultural Trade and Assistance Act 1954. 1434 Vengroff, Richard, and Mei Tsai Yung. "Food, hunger and dependency: PL480 aid to the Third World." Journal of Asian and African Studies 17, no. 3/4 (July/October 1982): 250-65. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Food aid, Dependency theory, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: USAID; US Agricultural Trade and Assistance Act 1954. 1435 Viaud, Maurice. "La caisse central de coopération économique et les nouvelles orientations de la politique française d'aide au développement." Afrique contemporaine 130 (April/June 1984): 3-20. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign aid, Foreign investment, Foreign policy, Military aid. KEYWORDS: France-Africa relations. 1436 Vigand, V. K., and G. E. Roshchin. "The problem of utilizing and displacing foreign enterprise capital." Africa in Soviet Studies (1982): 158-170. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign capital, Resource distribution, Socialism, Capitalism, Imperialism. KEYWORDS: capital flow. 1437 Vittin, Théophile E. "Zone Franc: les prémisses d'un autre débat." Géopolitique africaine 12 (October 1989): 93-100. SUBJECTS: Monetary policy, Foreign policy, International cooperation, International economic relations. KEYWORDS: Francophone Africa; CFA monetary area; France-Africa relations. Examines the realtionship between France and the CFA zone countries. Analyzes the political and economic ties of the CFA zone countries to the French franc and hence to France. Looks at contemporary evolution of the relationship, the corresponding risks, and resistance to change by African countries. 1438 Volsky, George. "Cuba." In: Communist Powers and SubSaharan Africa, edited by Thomas H. Henriksen. Stanford, California: Hoover Institution Press, Stanford University, 1981. 57-83 pp. ALSO COVERS: Angola. SUBJECTS: Technical assistance, International relations, Military aid, Military intervention. KEYWORDS: CubaAfrica relations; Castro, Fidel; Cuba-Angola relations. 1439 Vysotskaya, Natalya. "USSR and strengthening of unity of African peoples." In: The USSR and Africa, edited by A. Kochin. Moscow, USSR: USSR Academy of Sciences, 1983. 58-66 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, International cooperation, Economic integration, Neocolonialism. KEYWORDS: OAU; USSR-Africarelations. 1440 Wai, Dunstan M. "African-Arab relations: Interdependence or misplaced optimism." The Journal of Modern African Studies 21, no. 2 (June 1983): 187-213. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, International conflict, Pan-Africanism, International politics. KEYWORDS: Arab-Africa relations; Pan-Arabism; OAU; League of Arab States. 1441 Wai, Dunstan M., ed. Interdependence in a World ofUnequals: African-Arab-OECD Economic Cooperation for Development. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1982. 252 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Geopolitics, Natural resource management, Trade relations, Oil industry, Economic cooperation, Economic relations, International relations. KEYWORDS : OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development).

1442 Wallerstein, Immanuel Maurice. Africa and the Modern World. Trenton, New Jersey: Africa World, 1986.209 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International economic system, International politics, Political analysis, Political development, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: Kissinger, Henry; US-Africa relations. Discusses how Africa was incorporated into the capitalist world economy, how it developed within that framework, and what interpretation might be given to the interwoven fabric of race, class, and nation in contemporary Africa. 1443 Wauthier, Claude, and Pierre Wauthier. "La Politique économique de l'URSS en Afrique." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 180/181 (1981): 43-52. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Colonialism, Foreign aid, Socialist government, Military aid, Technology transfer. KEYWORDS: USSR-Africa relations; China-Africa relations. 1444 Whiteman, Kaye. "President Mitterrand and Africa." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 82, no. 329 (July 1983): 329-343. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic development, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: France-Africa relations; Concerted Action for Development in Africa; Cot, Jean-Pierre; Mitterrand, François. 1445 Wilkins, Gregory L. African Influence in the United Nations, 1967-1975: The Politics and Techniques of Gaining Compliance to UN Principles and Resolutions. Washington, DC: University Press of America, 1981. 263 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Decolonization, International relations, Economic development, Geopolitics. KEYWORDS: minority rule; UN; Middle East conflict. 1446 Williams, Marc A. "Africa and the international economic system: Dependency or self-reliance?" In: Africa in World Politics: Changing Perspectives, edited by Stephen Wright and Janice N. Brownfoot. Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan, 1987. 35-50 pp. SUBJECTS: Debt crisis, International economic system, Oil industry, International economic relations. KEYWORDS: UN Monetary and Financial Conference 1944; OAU; Group of 77; Bretton Woods. Focuses on postindependent Africa's involvement in the international economy. Explores the extent to which the formal granting of sovereignty has changed Africa's position in the international economic system. Covers the period of the Bretton Woods and postBretton Woods eras. 1447 Williams, Marc A. 'Third world and global reform." Review of International Studies 10, no. 1 (1984): 79-88. SUBJECTS: Economic development, North-South relations, Ideologies, Underdevelopment, International economic relations, Liberalism. KEYWORDS: New International Economic Order. 1448 Winrow, Gareth M. The Foreign Policy of the GDR in Africa. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1990. 287 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, Military aid, International economic relations. KEYWORDS: East Germany-Africa relations. Gives a comprehensive account of East German foreign policy toward Africa since the early 1950s. Argues that East German foreign policy toward African in particular should be understood as a strategy for closer ties with the USSR and for international recognition and legitimacy. 1449 Wright, John B. Francophone Black Africa Since Independence. London: Institute for the Study of Conflict, 1981. 32 pp. maps. ALSO COVERS: West Africa, Central Africa. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: France-Africa relations; USSR-Africa relations; China-Africa relations; Libya-Africa relations; Francophone Africa. 1450 Wright, Stephen, and Janice N. Brownfoot, eds. Africa in

AFRICA/General World Politics: Changing Perspectives. Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan, 1987. 230 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Zimbabwe, Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic interdependence, Women's political role, International politics, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: OAU; Lomé Convention 1984. Based on papers originally presented at a conference called "Africa in World Politics" held in May of 1984. Focuses on Africa's position in the global system by examining the interrelationship of global, continental, and domestic affairs. 1451 Yablochkov, L. "The Soviet Union and the liberated countries: Principles of relations." In: The USSR and Africa, edited by Anatoly Gromyko. Moscow, USSR: Social Sciences Today Editorial Board, USSR Academy of Sciences, 1983.43-49 pp. SUBJECTS: Socialism, Colonialism, Superpower politics, International relations. KEYWORDS: USSR-Africa relations. 1452 Yakemtchouk, Romain. "La Coopération militaire de l'Afrique noire avec les puissances—avec la France." Afrique contemporaine 127 (July/September 1983): 3-18. SUBJECTS: International relations, Military intervention, Foreign aid, Neocolonialism. KEYWORDS: France-Africa relations. 1453 Yakemtchouk, Romain. "La Coopération militaire de l'Afrique noire avec les puissances—avec l'URSS et les Etats-unis." Afrique contemporaine 128 (October/December 1983): 3-22. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign aid, Foreign trade, Military aid, Neocolonialism. KEYWORDS: US-Africa relations; USSR-Africa relations. 1454 Young, Andrew. "US and Africa: Victory for diplomacy." Foreign Affairs 59, no. 3 (Spring 1981): 648-666. ALSO COVERS: Zimbabwe, Angola. SUBJECTS: International relations, Geopolitics. KEYWORDS: OAU. Examines the state of relations between the US and several key African states at the start of the 1980s. Poses the successful resolution of the Zimbabwean conflict, resulting in the establishment of Black majority rule, as a model for effective Western diplomacy on the continent. 1455 Young, Crawford. "African relations with the major powers." In: African Independence: The First Twenty-Five Years, edited by Gwendolen M. Carter and Patrick O'Meara. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1985.218-248 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, State government, Economic development, Superpower politics. KEYWORDS: Nyerere, Julius K.; US-Africa relations; USSR-Africa relations; US-USSR relations. 1456 Young, Crawford. "United States policy towards Africa: Silver anniversary reflections." The African Studies Review 27, no. 3 (Sepetember 1984): 1-27. SUBJECTS: International relations, Political ideology, Public investment, Superpower politics. KEYWORDS: US-Africa relations; constructive engagement; US-USSR relations. 1457 Zarour, Charbel. "Mécanismes financiers de la coopération Arabo-Africaine." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 11, no. 2/3 (1986): 89-136. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign aid, Banking policy, Foreign investment. KEYWORDS: BADEA (Banque Arabe pour le Développement Economique en Afrique); FATAA (Federation of Arab Travel Agents' Associations). Discusses the relationship that emerged between the Arab aid organizations after the oil boom of the mid-1970s. Examines specific features of Arab banks that invest in Africa, as well as aid policies of Arab nations. 1458 Zartman, I. W. "Issues of African diplomacy in the 1980s." In: Africa in the Post-Decolonization Era, edited by Richard E. Bissell

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and Michael S. Radu. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction, 1984.137-155 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS : International relations, Economic crisis, Diplomatic relations, Economic integration, Superpower politics. KEYWORDS: OAU; SADCC; ECOWAS; CEAO. 1459 Zartman, I. W. "The future of Europe and Africa: Decolonization or dependency?" In: Alternative Futures for Africa, edited by Timothy M. Shaw. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1982. 259-277 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic dependency, International economic relations, Economic integration, Neocolonialism. KEYWORDS: Europe-Africa relations; OAU; STABEX (stabilization of export earnings from commodities). 1460 Zartman, I. William. "Africa and the West: The French Connection." In: African Security Issues: Sovereignty, Stability and Solidarity, edited by Bruce E. Arlinghaus. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1984. 39-58 pp. ALSO COVERS: Central African Republic. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Geopolitics. KEYWORDS: France-Africa relations; POLISARIO. 1461 Zhonggui, Zhu, and Yan Xuetong. "The Sino-African relations and China's present policy in Africa." African Studies Association Papers 29, no. 109 (October/November 1986): 1-16. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Economic relations, Diplomatic relations. KEYWORDS: China-Africa relations; GPCR (Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution). Exposits the relationship between China and Africa since World War II, with a focus on the present relationship. States that diplomatic ties have been renewed with the mutual values of independence, equality, respect, and noninterference in each other's internal affairs as guidelines to the relationship. 1462 Zins, M.-J. "L'Inde et l'Afrique." Politique africaine no. 10 (June 1983): 39-53. SUBJECTS: International relations, Nonaligned nation, Foreign trade, International e c o n o m i c relations. KEYWORDS: India-Africa relations. SEE ALSO 3717, 3923, 6116, 7017, 8901, 8945, 10894, 10910, 10927,12927,13429, 14298.

General

1463 Abamby, Alpha Nationy Zentho. "Problèmes juridiques du panafricanisme: la réforme de l'O.U.A." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 44, no. 3 (October/December 1990): 413-424. SUBJECTS: Pan-Africanism, International cooperation. KEYWORDS: OAU; institutional development. Claims that the OAU has become inefficient and inoperative in addressing its original goals from the 1960s. Examines the need for modifications in the organization at the institutional and juridical levels. 1464 Abdallah, May. "L'Information de la Ligue des Etats Arabes." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 231/232 (1985): 141-153. SUBJECTS: International relations, Arab nations, Political system. KEYWORDS: League of Arab States; Palestinians. 1465 Abernethy, David B. "Reflections on a continent in crisis." In: African Crisis Areas and U.S. Foreign Policy, edited by Gerald J. Bender, James S. Coleman, and Richard L. Sklar. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, 1985.321-339 pp. SUBJECTS: Political crisis, Economic crisis, Foreign policy, Crisis

9 4 • AFRICA/General management. 1466 Abraham, Kinfe. From Race to Class: Links and Parallels in African and Black American Protest Expression. London: Grassroots, 1982. 258 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Repression, Class analysis, Literature review, Race relations, Resistance movement, Arts. KEYWORDS: African Americans; Black consciousness. 1467 Abraham, W. Emmanuel. "Libération sans liberté ou les raisons d'un fourvoiement." Politique étrangère 53, no. 3 (1988): 581-588. SUBJECTS: Territorial sovereignty, Colonialism, Nation building, Civil rights. Considers how the African continent's liberation from colonial rule has neither created nor allowed the growth of conditions for the political freedom of individuals. Analyzes problems of social justice and economic inequities. 1468 Adamolekun, Ladipo. "Public sector management improvement in sub-Saharan Africa: The World Bank experience." In: Economic Restructuring and African Public Administration: Issues, Actions and Future Choices, edited by M. Jide Balogun and Gelase Mutahaba. West Hartford, Connecticut: Kumarian, 1989. 67-89 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Public sector, Foreign aid, Management. KEYWORDS: World Bank. Provides a brief survey of the World Bank's involvement in public-sector management improvement during 1983-1989. Assesses World Bank efforts against the backdrop of the public service reform agenda articulated in the 1983 World Development Report. Evaluates the impact of the World Bank's interventions on the African countries involved. 1469 Addo, Nelson O. "Government-induced transfer of foreign nationals." In: Redistribution of Population in Africa, edited by John I. Clarke and Leszek A. Kosinski. London: Heinemann, 1982. 31-38 pp. SUBJECTS: Migration policy, Demographic analysis. KEYWORDS: forced relocation. 1470 Adejuyigbe, O. "Identification and characteristics of borderlands in Africa." In: Borderlands in Africa: A Multidisciplinary and Comparative Focus on Nigeria and West Africa, edited by A. I. Asiwaju and P. O. Adeniyi. Lagos, Nigeria: University of Lagos Press, 1989.27-36 pp. SUBJECTS: Territorial sovereignty, Border conflict, Geographical analysis. Discusses ways to identify borderlands and examines their geographic characteristics within the framework of political units. Uses examples from the borderlands of both intrastate political units and the sovereign states in Africa to illustrate the main geographic characteristics of borderlands. 1471 Adeniyi, PeterO."Somequestionsand'sky' solutions to border resource management." In: Borderlands in Africa: A Multidisciplinary and Comparative Focus on Nigeria and West Africa, edited by A. I. Asiwaju and P. O. Adeniyi. Lagos, Nigeria: University of Lagos Press, 1989. 363-374 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Technological development, Territorial sovereignty. KEYWORDS: aerial photography. Discusses the use of remote-sensing techniques to collect and collate data for transborder planning and development. Raises some fundamental questions about boundary demarcation/adjustment and associated border areas. 1472 Aderibigbe, D. A. "Boundary problems and the policies of African nations: A materials engineering approach." In: Borderlands in Africa: A Multidisciplinary and Comparative Focus on Nigeria and West Africa, edited by A. I. Asiwaju and P. O. Adeniyi. Lagos, Nigeria: University of Lagos Press, 1989. 161-177 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic policy, Industrial policy, Conflict, Territorial sovereignty. KEYWORDS: materials systems theory. Provides a specialized discussion of the concept of border in the

world of matters and the factor of materials in intra-African and world conflicts. Notes the potential for regional and global integration and development. 1473 Adjalla, Adrien, Dominique Zidouemba, William Moutchia, and S.A. Amu Djoleto. Regional Meeting of Experts on National Book Strategies in Africa (Dakar, Senegal, 2-5 February 1981): Report. Paris: UNESCO, 1981. 102 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Benin, Ghana. SUBJECTS: Industrial development, National development. KEYWORDS: publishing industry. 1474 African Studies Association of Australia and the Pacific. Papers Presented at the Sixth Annual Conference of the African Studies Association of Australia and the Pacific, Monash University, Victoria Australia, August, 1983. Victoria, Australia: African Studies Association of Australia and the Pacific, 1983. 250 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Political analysis, Historical analysis, Economic analysis, Class formation, Refugees. KEYWORDS: UN; World Bank. 1475 Agadzi, V. K. AIDS: The African Perspective of the Killer Disease. Accra, Ghana: Ghana Universities Press, 1990. 206 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Health education, Public health. KEYWORDS: AIDS; prostitution. Provides an overview of the causes and spread of AIDS in Africa. Discusses various aspects of the disease as well as the measures that African governments should take to limit its spread. 1476 Agbodan, Mavor. "Transfert et maîtrise de technologie en milieu hétérogène. L'approche 'TMT' et son impact sur l'innovation en Afrique." In: Trade and Development in Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), edited by Adeyinka Orimalade and R. E. Ubogu. New Delhi, India: Vikas, 1984. 320-331 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Technology transfer. KEYWORDS: UMOA; ECOWAS. 1477 Agere, S. "Participation in social development and integration in Sub-Saharan Africa." Journal of Social Development in Africa 1, no. 1 (1986): 93-110. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Community development, Social development policy, Peasant society. KEYWORDS: social integration. Assesses the manner in which various African governments promote social development. 1478 Agoui, K. E. "The African writer and the phenomenon of the nation state in Africa." Ufahamu 18, no. 1 (Winter 1990): 41-62. biblio. SUBJECTS: Arts, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: Achebe, Chinua; Armah, Ayi Kwei; Soyinka, Wole; Ngugi wa Thiong'o; political literature. Focuses on four contemporary writers, who address the strengths and weaknesses of modern African states by way of their writings: Chinua Achebe, Ayi Kwei Armah, Wole Soyinka, and Ngugi wa Thiong'o. 1479 Ahanhanzo Glege, Maurice. "Pour une OUA opérationnelle." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 241/242 (1986): 24-42. SUBJECTS: International relations, Regional integration, Pan-Africanism, Human rights. KEYWORDS: OAU; African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 1983. Examines the internal politics of the OAU. Assesses its goals in the realm of human rights and political integration. Analyzes the degree to which the OAU risks becoming a small clique of political leaders disassociated from the aspirations of the average African. 1480 Aicardi de Saint-Paul, Marc. "L'Ombudsman en Afrique." Afrique contemporaine 156, no. 4 (1990): 226-230. SUBJECTS: Judicial system, Civil rights. KEYWORDS: ombudsman. Examines the creation, introduction to Africa, nomination,

AFRICA/Gen eral • 95 and role of an ombudsman. 1481 Ajaegbo, D. I. "The United Nations Development Decade in Africa, 1960-1970: A political and socio-cultural analysis." Journal ofEastern African Research andDevelopment 14 (1984): 1 -18. ALSO COVERS: Namibia. SUBJECTS: Political analysis, Apartheid. KEYWORDS: UN Development Decade 1960-1970; sociocultural analysis. 1482 Ajala, Adekunle. 'The nature of African boundaries." Afrika Spectrum 18, no. 2 (1983): 177-189. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Border conflict, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: OAU. 1483 Ajayi, J. F. Ade. "Expectations of independence." Dcedalus 111, no. 2 (1982): 1-9. SUBJECTS: Modernization, Political independence, Economic development, Elite analysis, Education policy. 1484 Ajomo, M. A. "Legal perspective on border issues." In: Borderlands in Africa: A Multidisciplinary and Comparative Focus on Nigeria and West Africa, edited by A. I. Asiwaju and P. O. Adeniyi. Lagos, Nigeria: University of Lagos Press, 1989. 37-43 pp. SUBJECTS: International law, Border conflict. KEYWORDS: OAU. Points out the essentially historical relationship between borders and borderlands. Argues both for a full explanation of borderlands in international law and for reorientation of African states toward transborder cooperation. 1485 Akatch, Samuel O. "Multinational corporations' aided development paradigm and the plight of developing countries." African Urban Quarterly 3, no. 3/4 (August/November 1988): 204210. SUBJECTS: Transnational corporations, Economic development. KEYWORDS: free trade zone. Analyzes the performance of less-developed countries that rely on transnational corporations as economic aids to the process of change and development. Assesses the operational nature of transnational, taking into account their profit maximization objectives. 1486 Ake, Claude. "The state in contemporary Africa." In: The Political Economy of Nigeria, edited by Claude Ake. Essex, UK: Longman, 1985. 1-8 pp. SUBJECTS: Class conflict, Political economy studies, Marxist analysis. 1487 Akinrinade, Olusola. "Associates and associables: The failure of Commonwealth bridge-building, 1971-3." The Journal of Modern African Studies 27, no. 2 (June 1989): 177-199. SUBJECTS: International relations, Regional cooperation. KEYWORDS: EEC; Commonwealth of Nations; Yaounde Conventions; AAMS (Associated African and Malagasy States). Examines various positions adopted by African Commonwealth countries in response to Britain's bid to join the EEC in the early 1970s. Argues that lack of unity reduces the ability of these countries to negotiate their new economic position. 1488 Akinsanya, Adeoye A. "Economic nationalism in Africa: Illusion and reality." TransAfrica Forum 6, no. 1 (Winter 1989): 49-60. SUBJECTS: Transnational corporations, Economic development policy. Discusses the role of transnational corporations in Africa. Notes the struggle between African governments and transnational corporations for control of corporate practices. 1489 Akintola-Bello, O. "The political economy of artificial boundaries." In: Borderlands in Africa: A Multidisciplinary and Comparative Focus on Nigeria and West Africa, edited by A. I. Asiwaju and P. O. Adeniyi. Lagos, Nigeria: University of Lagos Press, 1989. 331-337 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Political economy studies, Border conflict, International economic relations. KEYWORDS: smuggling. Provides an economic analysis of some of the problems that arise

from the existence of artificial boundaries in Africa. Demonstrates that because of the special characteristics of border areas, routine economic analyses may be of limited value. 1490 Akinyemi, Bolaji. "Cooperation for Africa as a confidencebuilding measure." In: Agenda for Action: African-Soviet-U.S. Cooperation, edited by Anatoly A. Gromyko and C. S. Whitaker. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1990. 253-261 pp. SUBJECTS: International cooperation, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: US-USSR relations. Highlights arenas for US-USSR cooperation in Africa. Argues that the African agenda must be directed by Africans but that the attitude and stances of the superpowers have powerful effects. Recommends that the US and the USSR adopt African-oriented positions. 1491 Ako, Sewa Emmanuel. "Endogenous structures for the management of society in a spirit of solidarity." In: Towards Solidarity in the Management of African Societies: Misgivings and Certitudes, edited by the International Institute for Labour Studies. Geneva, Switzerland: International Institute for Labour Studies, 1984. 59-82 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Management, Development theory, Sociological analysis, Cultural policy. 1492 Albright, David E. "Cooperation on arms transfers to Africa." In: Agenda for Action: African-Soviet-U.S. Cooperation, edited by Anatoly A. Gromyko and C. S. Whitaker. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1990.193-200 pp. SUBJECTS: Arms industry, International cooperation. KEYWORDS: arms sales; US-USSR relations. Describes the possibilities for US-USSR cooperation on arms transfers to Africa. Notes the obstacles to such cooperation and what such cooperation will not do for the continent. 1493 Ali, Shanti Sadiq. "The OAU and the United Nations." Africa Quarterly 27, no. 1/2(1987): 1-19. ALSOCOVERS: Southern Africa, Western Sahara. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, International relations, Economic development. KEYWORDS: OAU; UN. Discusses relations between the UN and African countries from the period of decolonialization to the present. Focuses on OAU efforts to influence UN policy on Namibia, South Africa, pre-1980 Zimbabwe, Congo, Angola, and Western Sahara. 1494 Allen, Chris. "A bibliographical guide to the study of the political economy of Africa." In: Political Economy of Contemporary Africa, edited by Peter C. W. Gutkind and Immanuel Wallerstein. Beverly Hills, California: Sage, 1985. 317-340 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Political economy studies, Underdevelopment, Social change, Class formation, Socialism. 1495 Allen, Chris, and Gavin Williams, eds. Sociology of Developing Societies: Sub-Saharan Africa. New York: Monthly Review, 1982. 217 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Liberation movement, Decolonization, Women's economic role, Peasant economy, Bourgeoisie, Capital accumulation, Urban poverty. 1496 Allen, Christopher. A Bibliographical Guide to the Study of the Political Economy of Contemporary Africa. Edinburgh, Scotland: Centre of African Studies, Edinburgh University, 1984.41 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Political economy studies, Socialism, Underdevelopment, Social change, Class analysis, Gender relations. 1497 Allison, Caroline. "Health and education for development: African women's status and prospects." In: Crisis and Recovery in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Tore Rose. Paris: OECD, 1985. 111123 pp. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Public health, Education opportunity. 1498 Aluko, Olajide. "Alliances within the OAU." In: The OAU after Twenty Years, edited by Yassin El-Ayouty and I. William Zartman.

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New York: Praeger, 1984. 67-84 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Political alliance. KEYWORDS: OAU; SADCC; Frontline states; Arab-Africa relations. 1499 Amat, T., and A. Girard. "Education et santé: un exemple de formation à la lutte contre les maladies de l'eau en Afrique noire." In: L'Eau: quels enjeux pour les sociétés rurales, edited by Dominique Desjeux. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1985. 179-192 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Public health, Health education, Water supply. 1500 Amin, Samir. "Afro-Arab cooperation: The record and the prospects." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 11, no. 2/3 (1986): 5-17. SUBJECTS: International relations, Decolonization. KEYWORDS: Arab-Africa relations; UN. Overview of Arab-Africa relations from the 1960s to the 1980s. 1501 Amin, Samir. "Pour une stratégie alternative de développement, l'industrialisation au service de l'agriculture." Africa Development/Afrique et développement 6, no. 3 (1981): 116-126. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Capitalism, Self-sufficient economy, Agricultural production, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: coreperiphery relations; Sahel Club. 1502 Amselle, Jean Loup. "Beyond Marxist anthropology." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 19, no. 1 (1985): 99-105. biblio. SUBJECTS: Literature review, Marxist analysis. KEYWORDS: historiography; dialectical theory of value; Rey, P. P.

Demonstrates how the works of Cheikh Anta Diop constitute a rupture in and development from colonial historiography in method and content. Establishes that the accomplishment of Diop's theoretical project imposes a particular critical mediation according to epistemological necessity. 1509 Andreyev, I. L. "'Left-wing' radicalism in the African liberation movement: Gnosiological and social-class aspects." Africa in Soviet Studies (1989): 91-108. SUBJECTS: Radical movement, Class analysis,Religion. KEYWORDS: SACP; AZAPO (AzanianPeople's Organization); fetishism; magic. Notes problems rising from the contradiction between progressive forces in African countries and their lack of adequate class bases. Discusses Lenin's conception of "leftism" and the behavior of the ultra-left in Africa, with particular attention to the role of fetishism and magic. Concludes that radical left organizations are not capable of leading national liberation. 1510 Anikpo, Mark O. C. "Human rights and self-reliance in Africa." In: Emerging Human Rights: The African Political Economy Context, edited by George W. Shepherd, Jr., and Mark O. C. Anikpo. New York: Greenwood, 1990. 209-221 pp. SUBJECTS: Human rights, Self-reliance, Political theory. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 1983; Berg Report 1981. Focuses on how, through intellectual subversion, neocolonial imperialism undermines Africa's efforts at a self-reliant development strategy. Shows that the conflict of interest that results in human rights violations is necessary for the intensification of the struggle for global social justice by the oppressed African people.

1503 Amselle, Jean-Loup, and Elikia M'Bokolo, eds. Au Coeur de l'ethnie: ethnies, tribalisme et état en Afrique. Paris: La Découvert, 1985. 225 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Ethnicity, Ethnie politics, Anthropological analysis. KEYWORDS: Bambara people; Hutu people; Tutsi people.

1511 Anyanwu, K. Chukwulozie. The African Experience in the American Marketplace. Smithtown, New York: Exposition, 1983.127 pp. SUBJECTS: Religion, Academic research, Literature review.

1504 Amselle, J e a n - L o u p . "Ethnies et espace: pour une anthropologie topologique." In: Au coeur de l'ethnie: ethnies, tribalisme et état en Afrique, edited by Jean-Loup Amselle and Elikia M'Bokolo. Paris: La Découverte, 1985.11-48 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Ethnicity, Anthropological analysis, Ethnic politics. KEYWORDS: spatial analysis.

1512 Araszkiewicz, Halina. "The economic and scientific-technological cooperation between East European and African states: Does it support self-determined development?" Afrika Spectrum 20, no. 2 (1985): 153-166. SUBJECTS: Technology transfer, Industrial policy, Military aid, Political independence. KEYWORDS: Eastern Europe-Africa relations; Council for Mutual Economic Assistance.

1505 Amselle, Jean-Loup, and Emile Le Bris. Quelques réflexions sur la notion de "Petites productions marchandes." Paris: Centre d'Etudes Africaines/Ecole des Hautes Etudes, 1981. 12 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Informal sector, Economic analysis, Historical analysis, Rural-urban relations.

1513 Arunachalam, B. "Economic development and resource endowment in tropical Africa." In: Development Issues in Africa, edited by Priya Mutalik-Desai. Bombay, India: Himalaya, 1982. 1-29 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Natural resource management, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: spatial analysis; economic geography.

1506 Amvrosova, M. N. "Pressing problems of inter-African relations." Africa in Soviet Studies (1985): 133-156. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Colonialism, Marxist analysis, Economic development, National liberation movement. KEYWORDS: OAU; PAYM (Pan-African Youth Movement); ECOWAS. 1507 Andemicael, Berhanykun, and Davidson Nicol. "The OAU: Primacy in seeking African solutions within the UN Charter." In: The OAU after Twenty Years, edited by Yassin El-Ayouty and I. William Zartman. New York: Praeger, 1984. 101-119 pp. SUBJECTS: Conflict resolution, Economic development, Decolonization. KEYWORDS: OAU; S ADR (Saharan Arab Democratic Republic); UN-OAU relations. 1508 Andjembe, Léonard. "Sur la rupture opérée par Cheikh Anta Diop dans l'historiographie négro-africaine." Présence africaine no. 149/150 (1989): 10-19. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Ideological conflict, Cultural identity. KEYWORDS: Diop, Cheikh Anta; NegroAfrican history.

1514 Asante, Molefi Kete. Kemet, Afrocentricity and Knowledge. Trenton, New Jersey: Africa World, 1990.214pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Academic research, Cultural identity. KEYWORDS: Afrocentricity; African studies. Examines the current academic methods used in the study of Africa. Proposes new methods, which reject the positivist traditions of Western scholars and concentrate on indigenous philosophies. Reviews a great number of books from a variety of periods on African civilizations and cultures. 1515 Ashiabor, Alex. "UNCTAD's agenda for the 1990s: The issues for Africa." Institute of Development Studies Bulletin 21, no. 1 (January 1990): 61-71. tables. SUBJECTS: Trade relations, Economic cooperation. KEYWORDS: UN Programme of Action for African Economic Recovery and Development 1986-1990; UNCTAD. Discusses UNCTAD's agenda for the 1990s. Notes the internal and external factors that are likely to affect African development. Describes the need for attention to policy reform, the external environment, financial resource flows, and regional integration.

AFRICA/General 1516 Asiwaju, A. I. "The global perspective and border management policy options." In: Partitioned Africans: Ethnic Relations across Africa's International Boundaries, 1884-1984, edited by A. I. Asiwaju. Lagos, Nigeria: University of Lagos Press, 1985. 233-251 pp. SUBJECTS: Decolonization, Ethnicity, Ethnic politics, International relations, Regional cooperation, Border conflict. 1517 Ayittey, George B. N. Restoring Africa's Free Market Tradition. Washington, DC: Heritage Foundation, 1988. 11 pp. SUBJECTS: Free market, Colonialism, Socialism, Foreign aid, Traditional society, Entrepreneurship, Village development. KEYWORDS: communalism. Claims that colonialism did not destroy what many imagine to be a communal African society and, therefore, that socialism in Africa is based on a faulty idea of the past. Insists that a return to indigenous institutions of free trade and democracy is necessary to Africa's progress. 1518 Ba, Abdoul, Bruno Koffi, and Fethi Sahli. L' Organisation de l'Unité Africaine: de la Charte d'Addis-Abéba à la Convention de l'Homme et des Peuples. Paris: Silex, 1984. 712 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic development, Border conflict, Refugees, Environmental degradation. KEYWORDS: OAU; Arab-Africa relations; African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 1981 ; Addis Ababa Charter 1963; navigation rights. 1519 Bahoken, J. C. "Universalité de la pensée philosophique africaine: l'apport de l'Egypte." Présence africaine no. 149/150 (1989): 41-50. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Ideologies, Academic research, Cultural identity. KEYWORDS: philosophy; Diop, Cheikh Anta. Examines the line of thought popularized by Cheikh Anta Diop, which claims that philosophy that emerged on the rest of the African continent was influenced by Egyptian philosophy. Compares the evolution of Greek philosophy into Western thought to the evolution of Egyptian philosophy into African thought. 1520 Balmond, Louis. "Le Cadre multilatéral de la coopération culturelle." Re vue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 37, no. 3 (June 1983): 617-628. SUBJECTS: Political culture, Cultural policy, Development planning. KEYWORDS: Lomé conventions; New International Economic Order. 1521 Bande, Tijjani M. "Nyerere's conception of the links between tradition and modernity." In: African Traditional Political Thought and Institutions, edited by John A. A. Ayoade and Adigun A. B. Agbaje. Lagos, Nigeria: Centre for Black and African Arts and Civilization, 1989. 79-88 pp. SUBJECTS: Ideologies, Traditional society, Modernization. KEYWORDS: Nyerere, Julius K.; Ujamaa ideology, Tanzania. Discusses the problems and ambiguities in Nyerere's arguments about traditional society and modern inputs. Concludes that Nyerere's assumption of a classless society is faulty but that his concern for justice has earned him admiration, and his examination of the connection between tradition and development must be seriously considered. 1522 Barrie, G. N. "Fisheries and the 1982 United Nations Law of the Sea Convention." Acta Juridica (1986): 43-49. tables. SUBJECTS: Natural resource management, Fishing industry, Territorial sovereignty, International law. KEYWORDS: Law of the Sea Convention 1982; exclusive economic zone. Outlines the major thrust of the provisions of the Law of the Sea Convention regarding fisheries on the high seas and in the exclusive economic zones. Discusses the issues facing nations that have coastal regions but no current capability to fish those regions. 1523 Barton, G. A. 'The United Nations Convention on contracts for the international sale of goods." The Comparative and International

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Law Journal of Southern Africa 18, no. 1 (March 1985): 21-35. SUBJECTS: Economic development, International economic relations, Foreign trade, Law. KEYWORDS: UN. 1524 Bauer, P. T. "Western guilt and Third World poverty." Africa Insight 14, no. 2 (1984): 86-94. SUBJECTS: International economic relations, Colonialism, Poverty, Centrally planned economy. 1525 Bell, Morag. Contemporary Africa: Development, Culture and the State. London: Longman, 1986.234 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Rural-urban relations, Class analysis, International relations, Migration, Cultural policy. KEYWORDS: spatial analysis; EEC. Examines the interplay between African politicoeconomic structure and culture to explain changes in spatial organization and development. 1526 Bell, R. H. V. "Conservation with a human face: Conflict and reconciliation in African land use planning." In: Conservation in Africa: People, Policies, and Practice, edited by David Anderson and Richard Grove. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987.79-109 pp. SUBJECTS: Natural resource management, Land-use policy. KEYWORDS: IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources); World Conservation Strategy 1980. Analyzes conservation trends in Africa by examining government policy toward national parks and wildlife preserves. Discusses the need for "conservation with a human face," meaning more local involvement in decision making. 1527 Bello, Emmanuel. 'The pursuit of rights and justice in international law by the developing countries." Verfassung und Recht in Ubersee/Law and Politics in Africa, Asia and Latin America 14, no. 2 (1981): 171-189. SUBJECTS: Diplomatic relations, Territorial sovereignty, International law. KEYWORDS: New International Economic Order. 1528 Bello, Toyidi. "Financement extérieur et développement: une nouvelle approche." CIRES: Cahiers ivoiriens de recherche économique et sociale 30 (September 1981): 97-126. tables. ALSO COVERS: Benin. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Foreign aid, Marxist analysis. 1529 Bellotteau, Jacques. "Développement: les 21 PMA d'Afrique Noire." Afrique contemporaine 119 (January/February 1982): 1-8. tables. SUBJECTS: Development planning, Economic development, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: UNDP (UN Development Program); UNCTAD. 1530 Benachenhou, A. "Division internationale du travail et formes de la consommation des techniques en Afrique." In: Technologie et industrialisation en Afrique/Technology and Industrialization in Africa, edited by F. Yachir. Dakar, Senegal: CODESRIA, 1981.49-59 pp. SUBJECTS: Technology, Economic development, Industrial development, Underdevelopment. KEYWORDS: textile industry. 1531 Benachenhou, A. "La Coopération Sud-Sud: le Plan de Lagos et l'indépendance de l'Afrique." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 7, no. 1/2 (1982): 7-22. SUBJECTS: Economic development, International economic relations. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; South-South relations; World Bank; Berg Report 1981. 1532 Benachenhou, A. "South South cooperation, the Lagos Plan of Action and Africa's independence." Africa Development/Afrique et développements, no. 4 (1983): 5-19. SUBJECTS: Economic development, International economic relations. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; South-South relations; World Bank; Berg Report 1981. 1533 Bender, Gerald J. "Ideology and ignorance: American attitudes

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towards Africa." The African Studies Review 31, no. 1 (April 1988): 1-7. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Higher education, Political ideology. KEYWORDS: USAfrica relations; constructive engagement. Critiques both right- and left-wing views of Africa as well as the growing US inclination to view Africa ideologically. Argues that dividing African countries into "good" and "bad" only helps Americans to justify their own position rather than expand their knowledge of Africa. Draws examples from Tanzania, the RSA, the frontline states, and Angola. 1534 Benedek, W. "Human rights in a multi-cultural perspective: The African Charter and the human right to development." In: New Perspectives and Conceptions of International Law: An AfroEuropean Dialogue, edited by K. Ginther and W. Benedek. Vienna, Austria: Springer-Verlag, 1983.147-161 pp. SUBJECTS: International law, Human rights, International economic system. KEYWORDS: African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 1983; Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948; OAU; African philosophy; UNESCO. 1535 Benoit-Cattin, Michel, and Jacques Faye. L'Exploitation agricole familiale en Afrique soudano-sahélienne. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1982.94 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Geographical analysis, Environmental analysis. KEYWORDS: Sine-Saloum Region, Senegal; Sonkorong village, Senegal. 1536 Bernardo, Bernardi, and David I. Kertzer, trans. Age Class Systems: Social Institutions and Polities Based on Age. Cambridgeshire, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1985. 191 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Women's rights, Economic analysis, Traditional society. KEYWORDS: age grades. 1537 Bernstein, Henry. "Agricultural 'modernisation' and the era of structural adjustment: Observations on sub-Saharan Africa." The Journal of Peasant Studies 18, no. 1 (October 1990): 3-29. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Agricultural development, Modernization, Imperialism. KEYWORDS: IMF. Critiques the IMF's policies of structural adjustment from a socialist perspective. States that these policies constitute an imperialist intervention that advances the position of the Western powers. Concludes by describing structural adjustment as a brutal and ineffective policy. 1538 Bernus, Edmond. "En guise de conclusion: les pasteurs nomades africains, du mythe étemel au réalités présentes." Cahiers des sciences humaines 26, no. 1/2 (1990): 267-280. biblio. SUBJECTS: Pastoralism, Historical analysis, Colonialism, State intervention. Examines the historical myth of the African pastoralist as an isolated, different social group. Analyzes value judgments of nonpastoralist city dwellers in terms of mythic and negative stereotypes of nomads as backward and incapable. 1539 Berthe, J. P., ed. Les Phénomènes de "frontière" dans les pays tropicaux. Paris: Centre de Recherche et Documentation sur l'Amérique Latine, 1981. 456 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Migration policy. KEYWORDS: South America; frontier movement. 1540 Betts, T. F., and Shelly Pitterman. "Evolution and promotion of the integrated rural development approach to refugee policy in Africa." Africa Today 31, no. 1 (1984): 7-24. SUBJECTS: International relations, Refugee migration. KEYWORDS: UNHCR (UN High Commission for Refugees); World Food Council; ILO; UN. 1541 Bicaba, François. "Crise alimentaire et problématique du

développement économique et social en Afrique au sud du Sahara." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 12, no. 1 (1987): 125161. tables. SUBJECTS : Economic development, Food policy, Import policy, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: agricultural exports; Lagos Plan of Action 1980. Analyzes problems associated with Africa's continuing importation of cheap food from the West. Asserts that African nations need to concentrate on food self-sufficiency. 1542 Bilolo, Mubabinge. " L ' A f r i q u e au seuil de grandes révolutions." Les Nouvelles rationalités africaines 2, no. 7 (April 1987): 487-501. SUBJECTS : Political ideology, Revolutionary movement, Peasant society, Education system. Examines African development and political ideology in light of the great world revolutions, exploring theoretical concepts as well as characteristics of revolution. Addresses the role that African revolutions play in world revolution. 1543 Binns, J. A. 'The resources of rural Africa: A geographical perspective." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 83, no. 330 (January 1984): 33-40. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Natural resource management, Resource distribution, Rural development, Development theory. 1544 Bisiliat, Jeanne. "Choix technologiques, emplois du temps, travail féminin: les femmes seraient-elles partie prenante dans l'independance alimentaire?" In: Nourrir les villes en Afrique subsaharienne, edited by N. Bricas, G. Courade, J. Coussy, and Ph. Hugon. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1985. 311-320 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Nutrition, Women and development, Socioeconomic analysis, Agricultural technology. 1545 BLACT, Antoine Bouillon, and François Devalière, eds. Introductions à la coopération en Afrique Noire. Paris: Karthala, 1983.118 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Peasant economy, Education reform, International cooperation, Appropriate technology. KEYWORDS: BLACT (Bureau de Liaison des Agents de la Coopération Technique); US-Africa relations; USSR-Africa relations; indigenous development. 1546 Blardone, Gilbert. "An examination of the sociocultural reference model taken from the Western industrialised countries." In: Towards Solidarity in the Management of African Societies: Misgivings and Certitudes, edited by the International Institute for Labour Studies. Geneva, Switzerland: International Institute for Labour Studies, 1984. 39-50 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Models, Sociological analysis, Development theory, Industrialization. 1547 Blay, S. Kwaw Nyameke. "Changing African perspectives on the right of self-determination in the wake of the Banjul Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights." Journal of African Law 29, no. 2 (Autumn 1985): 147-159. ALSO COVERS: Western Sahara. SUBJECTS: Legal system, International politics, Regional conflict, Human rights, Self-determination. KEYWORDS: OAU; S ADR (Saharan Arab Democratic Republic); African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 1983. 1548 Bloom, L. "Social science in Africa: Problems and prospects." Africalnsight 18, no. 4 (1988): 174-179. SUBJECTS: Social development policy, Political ideology, Academic research. KEYWORDS: social science discipline. Discusses the role of social scientists in African development. Concludes that they can advocate ways of liberating Africa from ignorance, disease, poverty, and conflict. 1549 Blunt, Peter. Organizational Theory and Behaviour, an African Perspective. London: Longman, 1983. 195 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Research methodology, Business administration, Management, Labor force, Behavioral analysis. KEYWORDS: systems theory.

AFRICA/G ene ral • 9 9 1550 Boirai, Pierre, Jean-François Lanteri, and Jean-Pierre Olivier de Sardan, eds. Paysans, experts et chercheurs en Afrique noire: sciences sociales et développement rural. Paris: Karthala, 1985. 224 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Nongovernmental organization, Research methodology, Peasant society, Agricultural production. KEYWORDS: peanuts; coffee; cocoa; rice. 1551 Bonnichon, Monique. "Bilan et perspectives des actions de formation en 1ST de l'OAA." Afrique contemporaine 151, no. 3 (1989): 232-238. biblio. SUBJECTS: Agricultural research, Mass communication, Technical training. KEYWORDS: information systems; FAO. Looks at the activities of the FAO concerning agricultural information systems and various methods of training FAO personnel. Assesses attributes of training programs. 1552 Bonte, Pierre. "Caractéristiques des formations économiques et sociales sahariennes." In: Structures et cultures précapitalistes: actes du colloque tenu à l'Université Paris VIII, edited by René Gallissot. Paris: Anthropos, 1981. 101-123 pp. ALSO COVERS: West Africa. SUBJECTS: Traditional society, Economic development, Social development policy, Class analysis, Traditional political system. KEYWORDS: Tuareg people. 1553 Borga, Charlotte. "La Communication associative interculturelle." In: L'Identité associative en Afrique et la participation des ONG au développement en vue d'un nouvel ordre mondial: Actes du Colloque UAI, 1984, edited by Paul Ghils. Brussels, Belgium: UAI, 1984. 290-291 pp. SUBJECTS: Language policy, International cooperation, Cultural policy. KEYWORDS: FMVJ (Fédération Mondiale des Villes Jumelées-cités unies; CMIEB (Centre Mondiale d'Information sur l'Education Bilingue). 1554 Bortot, Francesco. "ECA-OAU and World Bank analyses and strategies on African development: The converging alternatives." Savings and Development 14 (1990): 81-116. SUBJECTS: International cooperation, Development theory, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: ECA; OAU; World Bank; UN Programme of Action for African Economic Recovery and Development 1986-1990; New International Economic Order. Notes the convergence in alternative views since publication of the Lagos Plan of Action and the Berg Report. Describes the pattern and meaning of the convergence in order to suggest methods of cooperation between Africa and the international community. 1555 Bouquillion-Vaugelade, C l a u d i n e . "La M o d e r n i t é réinterprétée par la tradition." In: Vivre et survivre dans les villes africaines, edited by Isabelle Deblé and Philippe Hugon. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1982. 90-96 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Traditional society, Urban development, Commercial sector, Literacy, Modernization. KEYWORDS: small-scale industry. 1556 Bousso, Amadou A., and Julien T. Thompson. "L'Information pour le développement en Afrique: problématique." Afrique contemporaine 151, no. 3 (1989): 10-21. tables. SUBJECTS: Regional cooperation, Technical training, Development policy. KEYWORDS: PADIS (Pan-African Documentation and Information System); information systems. Analyzes the situation of information services at the level of development in Africa. Claims it is necessary to create conditions that would improve informational services on the level of management and circulation. Concludes that the existence of a solid web of national information institutions is the primordial condition for the regional exchange of information. 1557 Boyd, Jean, and Murray Last. "The role of women as 'agents religieux' in Sokoto." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 19, no. 2 (1985): 283-300. biblio.

SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Islamic society. KEYWORDS: Sokoto, Nigeria; Dan Fodio sisters; Yan Taru (women's pilgrimage association); Hausaland. 1558 Braghinsky, M. I. "Social structure in the emerging African states." Africa in Soviet Studies (1987): 104-117. tables. SUBJECTS: Agrarian economy, Employment, Class formation, Resource distribution. Discusses economic and social class formation under the socialist and capitalist systems. Outlines trends toward urbanization and the effects the urbanization on class formation. Analyzes the distribution of workers across various job classifications and access the rural-urban division. 1559 Brandt, Hartmut. 'The World Bank's proposal for the reorientation of development policy in sub-Saharan Africa." In: Poor Countries of Africa: Structural Problems and Development Crisis, edited by the German Development Institute. Berlin, West Germany: German Development Institute, 1982. 164-177 pp. SUBJECTS: Development policy, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: World Bank. 1560 Bratton, Michael. The Politics of Government-NGO Relations in Africa. Nairobi, Kenya: Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi, 1987. 42 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Kenya, Zimbabwe. SUBJECTS: Nongovernmental organization, Government analysis, Economic development. States that nongovernment organizations are leading the development efforts in Africa and that governments have valued those organizations' economic resources but resisted the political pluralization that develops from their popular action. Analyzes the interaction between the two. 1561 Breen, Rita M., and Kay Beers. Harvard Doctoral Dissertations on Sub-Saharan Africa, 1895-1982. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Committee on African Studies, Harvard University, 1983. 23 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Education system, Business administration, Legal system, Political system. 1562 Brett, E. A. "State power and economic inefficiency: Explaining political failure in Africa." Institute of Development Studies Bulletin 17, no. 1 (January 1986): 22-29. SUBJECTS: Nationalization, Privatization, Government economic management, State power, Agricultural development. Suggests that the agrarian crisis lies within institutions and not on farms. Focuses on the market-versus-the-state debate as a problem for political analysis, not economic analysis. Calls for the kind of political institutions that intervene in ways that meet the economic needs of peasant farmers. 1563 Bricas, Nicolas, and Jose Muchnik. 'Technologies autochtones et artisanat alimentaire urbain." In: Nourrir les villes en Afrique sub-saharienne, edited by N. Bricas, G. Courade, J. Coussy, and Ph. Hugon. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1985. 293-310 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Urbanization, Nutrition, Informal sector, Socioeconomic analysis, Food scarcity. KEYWORDS: artisans. 1564 Brooks, George E. Themes in African and World History. Bloomington, Indiana: African Studies Program, Indiana University, 1982. 59 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Political history, Economic development, Apartheid, Political development, Cultural identity. 1565 Browne, Robert S. "The IMF conditionalities and the African crisisEastern Africa Social Science Research Review 1, no. 2 (June 1985): 19-30. SUBJECTS: Foreign aid, Economic crisis. KEYWORDS: IMF; loan conditionality. Evaluates IMF performance in Africa, highlighting its purpose

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and history. Questions whether the IMF should be in Africa and asks what options are available. Faults the IMF for severe shock treatments and inflexible loan policies. 1566 Brownsberger, William N. "Development and governmental corruption: Materialism and political fragmentation in Nigeria." The Journal of Modern African Studies 21, no. 2 (June 1983): 215-233. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Corruption, Traditional society. 1567 Bukuku, Enos S., and Mahgoub El-Tigami Mahmoud. "Social Aspects of African Development." In: African Development Prospects: A Policy Modeling Approach, edited by Dominick Salvatore. New York: Taylor and Francis, 1989.117-133 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Socioeconomic analysis, Human resources development, Population growth, Labor force, Education system, Debt crisis. Draws upon sociodemographic and political analysis to explore the problem of development prospects in Africa. Examines the profile of African societies in order to address the problems of poverty, population dynamics, and the political environment as major obstacles to African development. 1568 Burton, M. A., and T. R. Franks. "Simulation and modelling for training." In: Irrigation in Tropical Africa: Problems and Problem Solving, edited by W. M. Adams and A. T. Grove. Cambridge, UK: African Studies Centre, University of Cambridge, 1983. 131-141 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Research methodology, Agricultural development, Management, Technical training, Irrigation. 1569 Carpentier, Dominique. Le Transfert enformation: expérience africaine et enjeux. Paris: La Sorbonne, 1984. 123 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Technology transfer, International relations, Development theory, Technical training, Research methodology. KEYWORDS: IPD (Institut Panafricain pour le Développement). 1570 Carr, Stephen J. Technology for Small-scale Farmers in SubSaharan Africa: Experience with Food Crop Production in Five Major Ecological Zones. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1989. 106 pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural technology, Smallholder agriculture, Ecological analysis, Project design. KEYWORDS: World Bank; maize; yams; peanuts; sorghum. Offers information on the technology available to small-scale farmers. Assesses its applicability for rural households. Analyzes the proposed technologies of twenty-five World Bank projects in five ecological zones. 1571 Cassese, Antonio. "Le Droit des peuples a l'autodétermination de la Charte de l'ONU à la déclaration d'Alger de 1976." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 190/191 (1981): 99-106. SUBJECTS: Human rights, Self-determination, Liberation movement. KEYWORDS: UN Charter Articles 1-55; Algerian Declaration 1976. 1572 CASTAFRICA II, ed. Science, technologie et développement endogène en Afrique: CASTAFRICA II: rapport de la conférence et analyse des tendances, problèmes et perspectives. Paris: UNESCO, 1988. 265 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Scientific research, Technological development, Rural development. KEYWORDS: CASTAFRICA II (Conference des ministres chargés de l'application de la science et de la technologie au devéloppment en Afrique; PSAA (Programme Spécial d'Aide à l'Afrique); Déclaration de Kilimandjaro 1987. Presents proceedings of the second Conference on the Application of Science and Technology to the Development of Africa in Arusha, Tanzania, in 1987. Contains the final report and the principal working paper of the CASTAFRICA II conference as well as the resolutions relating to its application as adopted by UNESCO in Paris in 1987.

1573 Chambers, Robert. "Bureaucratic reversals and local diversity." Institute of Development Studies Bulletin 19,no. 2(April 1988): 50-56. SUBJECTS: Government bureaucracy, Agricultural research. KEYWORDS: field bureaucracy. Defines bureaucracies as relying on hierarchy, standardization, and simplification. Notes bureaucracies contributions and defects, as well as the need to reverse the behaviors they rely on to further agricultural research, which depends on decentralization, diversification, and complexity. 1574 Charney, Craig. "Political power and social class in the neocolonial African state." Review of African Political Economy 38 (1987): 48-65. biblio. SUBJECTS: Marxist analysis, Neocolonialism, Capitalist economy, Hegemony. KEYWORDS: Poulantzas, Althusser Louis; Gramsci, Antonio. Applies Poulantzas's analysis in an attempt to identify the differences, but also linkages, between elites in the political center and in neocolonies. Predicts that the hegemonic alliance of local and central dominant classes will break down as the result of a future crisis. 1575 Charney, Craig. "Political power and social class in the neocolonial African state." African Studies Association Papers 29, no. 15 (October/November 1986): 1-31. biblio. SUBJECTS: Hegemony, Marxist analysis, Neocolonialism, Capitalist economy. KEYWORDS: Poulantzas, Althusser Louis; Gramsci, Antonio. Applies Poulantzas's analysis in an attempt to identify the differences, but also linkages, between elites in the political center and in neocolonies. Predicts that the hegemonic alliance of local and central dominant classes will break down as the result of a future crisis. 1576 Chatein, Bernard. "Artisanat traditionel et activités informelles." In: Le Développement spontané: les activités informelles en Afrique, edited by Marc Penouil and Jean-Pierre Lachaud. Paris: A. Pedone, 1985. 148-178 pp. SUBJECTS: Informal sector, Traditional society, Socioeconomic analysis. KEYWORDS: leather; small-scale industry; artisans. 1577 Chaytor, Daniel E. Babatunji. Building Indigenous Capacities for Development in Africa. Chicago, Illinois: University of Illinois African Studies Program, 1982. 39 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Technological development, Scientific research. 1578 Chege, Michael. "The African economic crisis and the fate of democracy in sub-Saharan Africa." In: Democratic Theory and Practice in Africa, edited by Walter O. Oyugi, E. S. Atieno Odhiambo, Michael Chege, and Afrifa K. Gitonga. Portsmouth, New Hampshire: Heinemann, 1988. 191-205 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic crisis, Democracy, Import policy, Food production. Outlines the extent, magnitude, and growth of the contemporary African economic crisis. Sketches the political consequences of the crisis and explains why democratic governments in Africa are so imperiled by parallel regimes of economic catastrophe. 1579 Chettle, John. "The politicization of the International Monetary Fund." South Africa International 14, no. 2 (October 1983): 371-390. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Foreign aid policy. KEYWORDS: World Bank; donor agency; Portugal-Africa relations; UN. 1580 Chindji-Kouleu, and Willard R. Johnson. Communication Process in the Changing Rural Areas of Africa, with Emphasis on the Case of Cameroon. Boston, Massachusetts: African-American Issues Center, 1984. 58 pp. biblio, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Cameroon. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Mass communication, Peasant class, Technology. KEYWORDS: communication; telecommunications; satellites; rural telephone development. 1581 Chinweizu, Onwuchekwa Jemie, and Ihechukwu Madubuike. Towards the Decolonization of African Literature. Washington, DC:

AFRICA/General • 101 Howard University Press, 1983. 336 pp. SUBJECTS: Literature review, Neocolonialism, Academic research, Hegemony, Political analysis, Arts. KEYWORDS: Achebe, Chinua; African literature; Tutuola, Amos; Soyinka, Wole. 1582 Chrétien, Jean-Pierre. Histoire rurale de I'Afrique des grands lacs: guide de recherches: bibliographie et textes. Paris: AFERA, 1983. 285 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: East Africa, Central Africa. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Historical analysis, Environmental analysis, Socioeconomic analysis, Demographic analysis, Colonialism, Peasant society. KEYWORDS: Great Lakes region, East Africa; ethnobotany. 1583 CIMADE, INODEP, MINK, eds., translated by Michael John. Africa's Refugee Crisis: What' sTo Be Done Totowa, New Jersey: Zed, 1986. 158 pp. biblio, other docs. SUBJECTS: Refugees, Ethnic politics, Regional conflict. KEYWORDS: US-Africa relations; USSR-Africa relations; France-Africa relations; African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 1979. Analyzes debate on African refugees from the standpoint of the antidemocratic and repressive policies of numerous African governments, wars supported by arms and foreign strategies of the superpowers, and the economic interests of both foreign and African countries. Claims that most of the causes of refugee problems are inherited from colonialism and prolonged by neocolonial structures. 1584 Clarence-Smith, Gervase. "Thou shalt not articulate modes of production." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des étudesafricaines 19, no. 1 (1985): 19-22. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Marxist analysis, Agricultural production, Development theory, Academic research. KEYWORDS: modes of production. 1585 Clarence-Smith, Gervase. "Thou shalt not articulate modes of production." In: Mode of Production: The Challenge of Africa, edited by B. Jewsiewicki and J. Letourneau. Ste-Foy, Quebec, Canada: Safi, 1985. 19-22 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Development theory, Agricultural production, Marxist analysis, Academic research. KEYWORDS: modes of production. 1586 Clarke,D. G., and W. Laufenberg. The Role of Telecommunications in Economic Development: With Special Reference to Rural Sub-Saharan Africa. Geneva, Switzerland: General Secretariat of the International Telecommunications Union, 1983.150 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Technology, Rural development, Income distribution. KEYWORDS: telecommunications. 1587 Cleland, Mike. "Towards self-reliance and development in Africa: The role of management training." In: Continental Crisis: The Lagos Plan of Action and Africa's Future, edited by David Fashole Luke and Timothy M. Shaw. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1984. 59-70 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Development policy, Resource distribution, Management, International relations, Self-reliance. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; Canada-Africa relations. 1588 Clementy, Alberto, Fred Campano, Giampaolo Calchi-Novatti, and K. C. Wang. "The political economy of African development." In: African Development Prospects: A Policy Modeling Approach, edited by Dominick Salvatore. New York: Taylor and Francis, 1989. 37-93 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Political economy studies, International economic relations, Political analysis, Urbanization, Income distribution. Examines the relative importance of Africa in the overall world economic system. Addresses issues about human and natural resources, the political environment, urbanization, and income distribution problems in relation to the development process undertaken. 1589 CODESRIA and Abdul Halim Reda. Symposium on Academic

Freedom Research and the Social Responsibility of the Intellectual in Africa. Kampala, Uganda: CODESRIA, 1990. 300 pp. ALSO COVERS: Uganda. SUBJECTS: Academic research, Freedom of expression. KEYWORDS: state-society relations. A collection of articles by such authors as Claude Ake and Samir Amin on academic freedom in Africa. Addresses the relationship of economic constraints, gender bias, and democracy to academic freedom. 1590 Cohen, Abner. The Politics of Elite Culture: Explorations in the Dramaturgy of Power in a Modern African Society. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, 1981.279 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Sierra Leone. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Behavioral analysis, Ethnicity, Government bureaucracy, Elite analysis. 1591 Cohen, Dennis L. "The development of dependency: Introduction and select bibliography." In: Political Economy of Africa: Selected Readings, edited by Dennis L. Cohen and John Daniel. London: Longman, 1981. 1-8 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Dependency theory. 1592 Cohen, Robin, ed. African Islands and Enclaves. Beverly Hills, California: Sage, 1983. 279 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Cape Verde, Mauritius. SUBJECTS: Government analysis, Economic dependency, Colonialism, Strategic policy. KEYWORDS: St. Helena; Canary Islands; Diego Garcia; Cabinda, Angola. 1593 Coing, Henri, Hélène Lamicq, Carlos Maldonado, and Christine Meunier. "Contradiction dans l'analyse ou dans la réalité." In: Vivre et survivre dans les villes africaines, edited by Isabelle Deblé and Philippe Hugon. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1982. 50-62 pp. SUBJECTS: Working class, Informal sector, Urban development, Underdevelopment, Economic dependency. 1594 Coker, Christopher. "The Western alliance and Africa 194981." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 81, no. 324 (July 1982): 319-335. ALSO COVERS: Zaire, Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Strategic policy. KEYWORDS: NATO; OAU. 1595 Colloque de Sociolinguistique, ed. Langage, espace, société. Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: Université de Ouagadougou, 1983. 314 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Burkina Faso. SUBJECTS: Traditional society, Language policy, Class analysis, Modernization. KEYWORDS: bilingualism. 1596 Conac, Gerard. "Continuité ou nouvelle donne en Afrique subsaharienne." Politique étrangère 49, no. 2 (1984): 265-285. SUBJECTS: International relations, Decolonization, Regional conflict, Political instability. KEYWORDS: US-Africa relations. 1597 Conac, Gérard, and Françoise Conac. "Le Processus de décision politique dans les états d'Afrique: exemple des politiques de l'eau." In: Les Politiques de l'eau en Afrique: développement agricole et participation paysanne, edited by Gérard Conac, Claudette Savonnet-Guyot, and Françoise Conac. Paris: Economica, 1985. 15-34 pp. SUBJECTS: Water supply, Government regulation, Rural development, Agricultural policy, Policy analysis. KEYWORDS: stateagriculture relations. 1598 Conference of African Planners and Statisticians. United Nations Technical Co-operation Relating to Development Planning, Statistics and Population in Africa, 1982-1983. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: ECA, 1984. 19 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Statistical analysis, Development planning, Technical assistance. KEYWORDS: UNDP (UN Development Program); DTCD (Department of Technical Co-operation for Development); UNFPA

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(UN Fund for Population Activities); student fellowships. 1599 Cook, Gillian Patricia. Development in Africa, South of the Sahara 1970-1980: A Select Annotated Bibliography. Cape Town, RSA: University of Cape Town Libraries, 1984. 410 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Economic development, Education system, Policy analysis, Rural population, Urban population. 1600 Coquery-Vidrovitch, Catherine, Africa: Endurance and Change South of the Sahara, translated by David Maisel. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, 1988.403 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Working class, Demographic analysis, Colonialism, Agricultural sector, Urbanization, Informal sector. States that Africa's crisis stems from the breakdown of social systems and the collapse of the system on which the people's existence was founded one hundred years ago. Attempts to explain African development by way of four settings: historical demography, government, rural life and economy, and the labor force. 1601 Coquery-Vidrovitch, Catherine. Afrique noire: permanences et ruptures. Paris: Payot, 1985. 440 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Peasant society, Political ideology, Demographic analysis, Resistance movement, Socioeconomic analysis, Urban development. KEYWORDS: AEF (Afrique Equatoriale Française); Mau Mau movement; Ashanti uprising 1896; Congo Crisis 1960-1965; Omar, El Hadj. 1602 Courade, Georges, and Michel Bruneau. "Développement rural et processus d'urbanisation dans le Tiers-Monde." Cahiers des sciences humaines 19, no. 1 (1983): 59-92. biblio. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Urban population, Plantation economy, Colonialism, Modernization, Rural-urban relations. KEYWORDS: contract farming. 1603 Coumanel, A. "L'Afrique et la déréglementation du transport aérien." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 14, no. 1 (1989): 49-85. tables. SUBJECTS: Transportation system, International economic relations, Industrial policy, Private sector. KEYWORDS: air transportation; deregulation. States that civil aviation in Africa during the 1980s saw a decrease in both traffic and freight. Evaluates the effect of US deregulation on African airlines and recommends that African airlines cooperate in order to develop. Suggests that individual governments liberalize their regulations that apply to airlines of other African countries. 1604 Cournanel, Alain. "L'Afrique et la déréglementation du transport aérien." Année africaine 34 (1989): 311-349. tables. SUBJECTS: Industrial policy, Transportation system, Private sector, International economic relations. KEYWORDS: air transportation; deregulation. States that civil aviation in Africa during the 1980s saw a decrease in both traffic and freight. Evaluates the effect of US deregulation on African airlines and recommends that African airlines cooperate in order to develop. Suggests that individual governments liberalize their regulations that apply to airlines of other African countries.

Nourrir les villes en Afrique sub-saharienne, edited by N. Bricas, G. Courade, J. Coussy, and Ph. Hugon. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1985. 367383 pp. SUBJECTS: Urbanization, Food production, Rural-urban relations, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: food self-sufficiency; protectionism. 1607 Coussy, Jean. "Les Importations alimentaires urbaines et l'ajustement structurel." Politique africaine no. 37 (March 1990): 45-56. tables. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Food policy, Import policy. KEYWORDS: food imports; IMF. Examines food imports both as a cause and a symptom of African economic crises, which aggravate an already problematic balance-ofpayments deficit in Africa. Analyzes the impact of structural adjustment in that domain. 1608 Couty, Philippe. "Un Itinéraire de recherche: Claude Robineau." Cahiers des sciences humaines 24, no. 4 (1988): 443-452. ALSO COVERS: Comoros, Congo. SUBJECTS: Academic research, Colonialism, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: sociology discipline; Robineau, Claude; ORSTOM (Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique d' Outre-Mer). Analyzes the ensemble of social science research performed for ORSTOM by Claude Robineau. Examines the scope of Robineau's research in economics, sociology, and social history from the Comoros and Congo Republic. 1609 Crane, Louise, Harvey Feinberg, Eleanor Berman, and Susan Hall. Africa: History, Culture, Geography. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Globe World Company, 1989. 282 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Geographical analysis, Colonialism, Independence movement. Provides a brief historical and geographical analysis of Africa in general. Presents the continent in the light of its cultural, social, and economic varieties and diversities. 1610 Cromwell, Adelaide M. 'The Fulbright program in Africa, 1946 to 1986." The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 491 (May 1987): 92-103. SUBJECTS: Higher education, Historical analysis, International relations. KEYWORDS: USAfrica relations; Hubert H. Humphrey fellowship; Fulbright fellowship. Provides a history of US scholarship programs for African study in the US and US study in Africa. Lists the accomplishments of the program and its long-term effects on the relationship between the continents. 1611 Cummings, Robert J. "Africa between the ages." The African Studies Review 29, no. 2 (September 1986): 1-26. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Islam, International relations, Self-determination. KEYWORDS: US-Africa relations; Europe-Africa relations. States that the two dominant themes throughout African history have been the process of self-definition and the establishment of economic and political systems. Examines African Islam, Africa's relationships with Europe and America, and Africa's role in world affairs.

1605 Cousin, Marie-Elisabeth. "La Stratégie internationale du développement (Ille décennie des Nations Unies 1980-1990)." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 35, no. 4 (October/December 1981): 883-897. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic development, Development planning, Industrialization, Agricultural development. KEYWORDS: UN; energy policy; transport.

1612 Curry, Robert L., Jr., "Basic human needs and the African state." In: The African State in Transition, edited by Zaki Ergas. London: Macmillan, 1987. 263-293 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Basic needs, Development policy. Advocates the use of the basic human needs approach to development planning, which focuses on assisting poor people in meeting their needs. Argues against those who view this approach as an inappropriate welfare system. Discusses specific needs for the effective implementation of the basic human needs approach.

1606 C o u s s y , J e a n . " C o û t s et c o n f l i t s d ' u n e p o l i t i q u e d'autosuffisance alimentaire en période d'urbanisation rapide." In:

1613 Daniel, John. "Strategies for development and change: Introduction and select bibliography." In: Political Economy of Africa:

AFRICA/General • 103 Selected Readings, edited by Dennis L. Cohen and John Daniel. London: Longman, 1981. 221-230 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, National development.

Examines the works of Cheik Anta Diop and his conception of African history. Locates Diop's sources for tracing African relations with Egypt.

1614 Davidson, Basil. "Conclusion." In: Decolonization and African Independence: The Transfers of Power, 1960-1980, edited by Prosser Gifford and Wm. Roger Louis. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1988. 505-514 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Decolonization, Independence movement, Nationalist movement. Discusses the nature and limits of the transfer of power and the consequences. Concludes that the myths and orthodoxies of decolonization need to be dispelled as Africa finds its own solutions.

1622 Dodelin-Jullien, Jacqueline. "Analyse juridique de la déclaration de Yamoussoukro." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 43, no. 1 (January/March 1989): 40-44. SUBJECTS: Transportation system, Industrial policy. KEYWORDS: air transportation; Yamoussoukro Conference 1988. Analyzes decisions taken at the 1988 Yamoussoukro Conference, where the goal was to elaborate an African policy for common airline transport.

1615 de Braganca, Aquino, and Immanuel Wallerstein, eds. The African Liberation Reader. Vol. 2 of 2. London: Zed, 1982. 196 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS : Bibliography, Political development, Historical analysis, Political analysis, Liberation movement. KEYWORDS: African nationalism. 1616 de Saivre, Denyse. "Recherche, pédagogy et culture: bilan de treize années de fonctionnement et réflexion prospective." Genève Afrique/GenevaAfrica 28, no. 2 (1990): 130-138. SUBJECTS: Literature review, Cultural policy, Academic research. KEYWORDS: pedagogy; Recherche, pédagogie et culture. Reviews thirteen years of publication of the journal Recherche, pédagogie et culture. 1617 Decraene, Philippe. "L'Afrique au seuil de la troisième décennie des indépendances." Afrique contemporaine 121 (May/June 1982): 23-29. SUBJECTS: Decolonization, Economic development, Traditional political system. 1618 Derman, William. "USAID in the Sahel: Development and poverty." In: The Politics of Agriculture in Tropical Africa, edited by Jonathan Barker. Beverly Hills, California: Sage, 1984. 77-97 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Senegal. SUBJECTS: Development theory, Smallholder agriculture, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: USAID; Sahel Club; US Foreign Assistance Act 1973; Sahel Development Program; CILSS (Comité Permanent Inter-Etats de Lutte Contre la Sécheresse Sahel). 1619 Diakite, Sidiki. Les Techniques de pointe et l'Afrique: preparer l'an 2001: contribution aux réflexions du groupe de Yamoussoukro. Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: Nouvelles Editions Africaines, 1988. 82 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Technological development, Management, Research and development. KEYWORDS: computers. Analyzes scientific and technological developments in Africa as they apply to managerial and policy strategies. Questions the application of general technology in African teaching and management. Refers to computer technology. 1620 Diawara, Maamdou. La Graine de la parole: dimension sociale et politique des traditions orales du royaume de Jaara (Mali) du XVème au milieu du XIXème siècle. Stuttgart, West Germany: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1990. 189 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Traditional society, Traditional political system, Women's studies. KEYWORDS: Jaara (Ancient Kingdom); Soninke people. Provides an in-depth analysis of the oral tradition as a tool for historical research. Examines the use, role, and social and political dimensions of oral traditions in the Kingdom of Jaara in West Africa from the fifteenth century to the mid-nineteenth century. 1621 Diop, Babacar. "L'Antiquité africaine dans l'oeuvre de Cheikh Anta Diop." Présence africaine no. 149/150 (1989): 143-149. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Cultural identity, Academic research. KEYWORDS: Diop, Cheikh Anta; Egypt-Africa relations.

1623 Doornbos, M. "Incorporation and cultural 'receptivity' to change." Les Cahiers du CEDAF no. 2/4 (July 1986): 349-368. SUBJECTS: Traditional society, Economic development, Regional development, Traditional political system, Social change. Examines the strategy undertaken by African governments in order to integrate traditional political structures with national government policy. Seeks to explain why individuals both accept and reject policies by their governments that undermine the traditional political and social structures. 1624 Doornbos, Martin. "The African state in academic debate: Retrospect and prospect." The Journal of Modern African Studies 28, no. 2 (June 1990): 179-198. SUBJECTS: Government analysis, Academic research, Nation-state. Examines recent scholarly approaches to the African nationstate. Contends that the state is increasingly in crisis and presents opportunities for actors within those countries to effect change. Maintains that activities outside the government present the best possibilities for initiating change. 1625 Dossou, Mathias. "L'Idéologie dans la littérature négroafricaine d'expression françaisede Guy Ossito Midiohouan." Peuples noirs; peuples africains 11, no. 63-66 (May/December 1988): 227237. SUBJECTS: Literature review, Ideologies, Arts. KEYWORDS: Francophone Africa; Midiohouan, Guy Ossito; African literature. A brief survey and literary review of how ideology functions in the literature of Francophone African countries. Provides a critical analysis of Western perspectives on African history. Proposes new African solutions and perspectives on African education and literary production. 1626 Dozon, Jean-Pierre. "Les Bété: une création coloniale." In: Au coeur de l'ethnie: Ethnies, tribalisme et état en Afrique, edited by Jean-Loup Amselle and Elikia M'bokolo. Paris: La Découverte, 1985. 49-85 pp. biblio, maps. ALSO COVERS: Côte d'Ivoire. SUBJECTS: Ethnicity, State power, Anthropological analysis. KEYWORDS: RDA (Rassemblement Démocratique Africain); Bété people. 1627 Drake, St. Clair. "Diaspora studies and Pan-Africanism." In: Global Dimensions of the African Diaspora, edited by Joseph E. Harris. Washington, DC: Howard University Press, 1982.341-402 pp. SUBJECTS: Pan-Africanism, Cultural identity, Academic research. KEYWORDS: African Diaspora; FESTAC (Festival of African and Black Arts and Culture); AMSAC (American Society for African Culture); FADSI (First African Diaspora Studies Institute). 1628 Dunbar-Ortiz, Roxanne, and Barbara E. Harrell-Bond. "Africa Rights Monitor—Who protects the human rights of refugees?" Africa Today 34, no. 1/2 (1987): 105-125. ALSO COVERS: Sudan. SUBJECTS: Human rights, Refugees, International law, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS : UNHCR (UN High Commission for Refugees) ; Africa Rights Monitor. Discusses the limited protection that international law and humanitarian law provide for refugees. Analyzes the failure of assis-

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tance policies. Describes the violence still suffered by refugees due to military incursions across borders and the alienation they experience in their new surroundings. 1629 Dupré, Georges. "Appréhender le réel à l'aide des concepts de mode de production lignager et d'articulation." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 19, no. 1 (1985): 46-50. SUBJECTS: Development theory, Models, Political theory, Academic research, Anthropological analysis. KEYWORDS: French Africanist anthropology; Meillassoux, Claude; Althusser, Louis; African studies; modes of production.

relevant political science." In: Political Science in Africa: A Critical Review, edited by Yolamu R. Barongo. London: Zed, 1983.17-26 pp. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Higher education, Political theory, Literature review. KEYWORDS: philosophy. 1637 Ekpenyong, Stephen, and Margaret Peil. "Old age in town: Implications for housing and services." African Urban Studies 21 (Spring 1985): 15-24. tables. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Housing, Household analysis, Rural-urban migration, Social welfare system. KEYWORDS: elderly.

1630 Dupré, Georges. "Une Mise en perspective." In: Mode of Production: The Challenge of Africa, edited by B. Jewsiewicki and J. Létourneau. Ste. Foy, Quebec, Canada: Safi, 1985. 46-50 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Women's economic role. KEYWORDS: modes of production.

1638 El Ouali, Abdelhamid. "'L'Uti possidetis' ou le non-sens du 'principe de base' de l'OUA pour le règlement des différends territoriaux." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 225/226 (1984): 3-19. SUBJECTS: International relations, International law, Human rights, Regional conflict, Regional integration. KEYWORDS: OAU.

1631 Easterbrook, David L. "The Archives-Libraries Committee and the Cooperative Africana Microform Project: A brief history." In: Africana Resources and Collections: Three Decades of Development and Achievement, edited by Julian W. Witherell. Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow, 1989. 18-38 pp. SUBJECTS: Academic research, Bibliography. KEYWORDS: ASA (African Studies Association); CAMP (Cooperative Africana Microform Project). Examines the highlights of the development of the ArchivesLibraries Committee of the ASA and CAMP and their contributions. Emphasizes the major events of these organizations.

1639 Ela, Jean-Marc. "Conscience historique et révolution africaine chez Cheikh Anta Diop." Présence africaine no. 149/150 (1989): 161-192. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Academic research, Cultural identity. KEYWORDS: Diop, Cheikh Anta. Analyzes the intellectual works, thought, and influence of Cheikh Anta Diop. Presents the reflections and opinions of Diop's colleagues and students in response to his work on the philosophical and political exchanges between Egypt and the rest of Africa. Examines Diop's work in terms of its revolutionary contribution and attack on Eurocentric views of Africa.

1632 EC A. Progress Towards the Implementation of the Substantial New Programme of Action in African Least Developed Countries. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: ECA, 1986.13 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic recovery, Agricultural sector, Industrial sector, Foreign aid, Literacy. KEYWORDS: SNPA (Substantial New Programme of Action). Looks at the progress achieved in implementing SNPA in the least developed countries in Africa during 1984-1985. Analyzes the trends in resource flows and how structural bottlenecks are being addressed. Highlights the conclusions of the midterm global review of the SNPA.

1640 Ela, Jean-Marc. "Développement agricole et structures non étatiques de participation en Afrique noire." In: Les Politiques de l'eau en Afrique: développement agricole et participation paysanne, edited by Gérard Conac, Claudette Savonnet-Guyot, and Françoise Conac. Paris: Economica, 1985.69-77 pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Informal sector, Self-reliance. KEYWORDS: peasant participation; Agricultural policy.

1633 Edwards, Michael. "The irrelevance of development studies." Third World Quarterly 11, no. 1 (January 1989): 116-135. SUBJECTS: Academic research, Development theory, Research methodology. KEYWORDS: participant observation. Argues that the 80,000 foreign advisers and $4 billion a year being deployed in Africa are not effective given the weak links between understanding and action in development theory. Examines development studies, underlines their failures, and proposes a restructuring based on participatory research. 1634 Eele, Graham. 'The organization and management of statistical services in Africa: Why do they fail?" World Development 17, no. 3 (March 1989): 431 -43 8. SUBJECTS : Management, National planning policy. KEYWORDS: data management. Argues that improving access to statistical information is essential for effective government planning and management. Suggests that these services have failed because of a failure of supply and demand. States that further investment in existing data management systems might be ineffective without a reappraisal of the proper uses of the data. 1635 Eisemon, Thomas Owen. "African science: Its development and prospects." In: Development Issues in Africa, edited by Priya Mutalik-Desai. Bombay, India: Himalaya, 1982. 170-180 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Scientific research. KEYWORDS: science; Lagos Conference 1964; UNESCO. 1636 Ejembi, Henry I. "Science vs. philosophy: The need for a

1641 Elsenhans, Hartmut. "Rising mass incomes as a condition of capitalist growth: Implications for today's world economy." International Organization 37, no. 1 (1983): 1-39. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Capitalism, North-South relations, Social change, Working class. 1642 Emmett, Tony. "Culture, structure and development: An alternative perspective." Development Southern Africa 6, no. 2 (May 1989): 147-160. biblio. SUBJECTS: Cultural identity, Poverty, Nationalism, Development theory, Industrialization. KEYWORDS: Gellner, Ernest; Lewis, O.; culture of poverty theory. Examines how culture is related to structure and poverty and thus how it influences development. Refers to the debate on the culture of poverty as a starting point in constructing a theoretical framework. Recommends increasing the access of the poor to the cultural resources of society. 1643 ENDA Third World Documents. ENDA at Work: Evaluation Reports on ENDA. Dakar, Senegal: ENDA, 1982. 82 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Appropriate technology, Development theory, Project design, Nonformal education. KEYWORDS: ENDA. 1644 Entin, L. M., and L. D. Yablochkov. "Society and state in tropical Africa." Africa in Soviet Studies (1982): 217-275. SUBJECTS: Social development policy, Economic planning, Economic development, Ethnicity, Religion, National liberation movement. KEYWORDS: civil-military relations. 1645 Eriksson, L. G., G. Melander, and P. Nobel, eds. An Analysing Account of the Conference on the African Refugee Problem, Arusha, May 1979. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African

AFRICA/General Studies, 1981. 233 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: National liberation movement, Refugees, Human rights, Ethnic conflict. KEYWORDS: OAU Council of Ministers; political asylum. 1646 Erny, Pierre. "Róle actuel de l'ethnopédagogie en Afrique noire." Genève Afrique/Geneva Africa 28, no. 2 (1990): 120-129. SUBJECTS: Education system, Ethnic politics. KEYWORDS: pedagogy; ethnopedagogy; Camilleri, C. Examines three different senses and several purposes of ethnopedagogy in African education systems. Includes analyses of colonial ethnopedagogy and the work of C. Camilleri and discusses the anthropological points of view concerning pedagogy. 1647 Etim, Ekei U. "ECA: Towards a sub-regional economic cooperation." In: Economic Development in Africa, edited by Olusola Akinrinade and J. Kurt Barling. London: Pinter, 1987. 77-98 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic cooperation. KEYWORDS: ECA; ECOWAS; UNIDAT (UN Multidisciplinary Development Advisory Team). Concerns the role of the ECA with regard to its promotion and facilitation of economic cooperation in Africa. Examines the ECA's efforts to become Africa's regional and subregional mechanism; reviews ECA subregional structures and intergovernmental machinery for the period 1960 to 1985. 1648 Evalds, Victoria K., ed. Censuses, Development Plans, and Statistical Abstracts: A Working List ofHoldings in the Boston University Documents Collection. Boston, Massachusetts: African Studies Center, Boston University, 1982. 49 pp. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Development planning, Population density, Economic policy, Statistical analysis. KEYWORDS: census. 1649 Fakolade, A. "Cosmopolitanism vs. provincialism: The dialectic of development of the nation-state." In: Borderlands in Africa: A Multidisciplinary and Comparative Focus on Nigeria and West Africa, edited by A. I. Asiwaju and P. O. Adeniyi. Lagos, Nigeria: University of Lagos Press, 1989. 353-360 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: National development, Territorial sovereignty, Border conflict. KEYWORDS: individualism. Examines the need of the nation-state to adopt a provincial perspective in dealing with issues of its survival and its development and the imperative to relate to the more cosmopolitan dimensions of contemporary reality. 1650 Fatton, Robert, Jr. 'The state of African studies and studies of the African state: The theoretical softness of the 'soft state.'" Journal of Asian and African Studies 24, no. 3/4 (July/October 1989): 170-187. SUBJECTS: Academic research, Class analysis, Government analysis, Repression. Analyzes the concept of the "soft state," which is currently popular among political scientists for describing African states. Argues that the concept is inaccurate because it promotes the belief that governments are not driven by class interests. Maintains that ruling class interests are in fact consolidated. 1651 Fenton, Thomas P., and Mary J. Heffron. Africa: A Directory of Resources. Maryknoll, New York: Orbis, 1987. 144 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Nongovernmental organization, Social change. Describes progressive organizations, books, periodicals, pamphlets, articles, and audiovisual resources about Africa that are available in the US. Includes annotated entries and a comprehensive index. 1652 Fitzpatrick, Peter. 'Traditionalism and traditional law." Journal ofAfrican Law 2%,no. 1/2 (1984): 20-27. ALSO COVERS: Kenya, Ghana. SUBJECTS: Traditional legal system, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: revisionist scholarship.

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1653 Fonkoué, Jean. Différence et identité: les sociologues africains face à la sociologie. Paris: Silex, 1985. 202 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Sociological analysis, Cultural identity, Capitalist development, Class analysis, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: Marx, Karl; Diop, Cheikh Anta. 1654 Forje, John W. Science and Technology for Development in Africa South of the Sahara: A Bibliography. Lund, Sweden: Research Policy Institute, University of Lund, 1982.105 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Agricultural technology, Technology transfer, Scientific research, Research methodology, Technological development, Agricultural research. 1655 Fredland, Richard A. A Guide to African International Organizations. London: Hans Zell, 1990. 316 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography. KEYWORDS: international organization; OAU; ECOWAS; SADCC; ADB (African Development Bank). A compilation of about 400 intergovernmental organizations that have existed in Africa. Offers a commentary about the institution of African international organizations and evaluates several of the major or recent ones. 1656 Gaillard, Jacques, and Roland Waast. "La Recherche scientifique en Afrique." Afrique contemporaine 147 (1988): 3-29. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural research, Scientific research, Health care system. KEYWORDS: research institution. States that scientific research is a growing preoccupation of sub-Saharan Africa. Provides a history of science in Africa and programs that have evolved to support research, specifically agricultural. Assesses structures and constraints, particularly on the formation of autonomous African scientific communities. 1657 Garcha, Rajinder. A Guide to Information Sources On African Studies: An Annotated Bibliography. Monticello, Illinois: Vance, 1990. 21 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Geographical analysis, Women's studies, International relations, Literature review, Political analysis. Provides an extensive bibliography in African studies areas. Gives information with abstracts on publications in various subjects on Africa. 1658 Garvey, Marcus, Jr. "Garveyism and African racial reconstruction." In: Organization of African Unity: 25 Years On: Essays in Honour of Kwame Nkrumah, edited by Kwesi Krafona. London: Afroworld, 1988.109-130pp. SUBJECTS: Pan-Africanism, Colonialism, Self-reliance, Cultural identity, Economic development, Religion. KEYWORDS: Garvey, Marcus; African nationalism; Nkrumah, Kwame; UNIA (Universal Negro Improvement Association); ACL (African Communities League). An introduction to the life and thought of Marcus Garvey, the Pan-African nationalist. Details his work through the UNIA and ACL. Describes the concepts underlying his Universal African Nationalism: African identity, African pride, African self-reliance, African economic power, and African unity. 1659 Geschiere, Peter. "Application of the lineage mode of production in African studies." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 19, no. 1 (1985): 80-90. biblio. S U B J E C T S : Capitalist development, Traditional society, Anthropological analysis, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: Coquery-Vidrovitch, Catherine; lineage mode of production; Rey, P. P.; labor control. 1660 Ghai, Dharam, and Lawrence Smith. "Food price policy and equity." In: Accelerating Food Production in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by John W. Mellor, Christopher L. Delgado, and Malcolm J. Blackie. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987. 278-289 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Food production, Rural population,

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Income inequality, Price policy. Examines the impact of high food prices on consumers. Argues that the assumption that all poor people are not sellers of food at all times is no longer valid. Focuses on the rapidly growing mass of unemployed poor in the cities. States that relative food prices have been on an upward trend in much of Africa. 1661 Ghils, Paul, ed. L'Identité associative en Afrique et la participation des ONG au développement en vue d'un nouvel ordre mondial: Actes du Colloque UA1,1984. Brussels, Belgium: Union des Associations Internationales, 1986. 417 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Nongovernmental organization, Human rights, Social development policy, Cultural policy, Technological development, Agricultural development, Women and development. KEYWORDS: New World Order; EEC; indigenous development organizations. 1662 Ghista, Dhanjoo N., and Ac. Krtashivananda Avt. "Towards African renaissance—an ideological society-building model for the OAU." In: African Development: The OAUIECA Plan of Action and Beyond, edited by Ralph I. Onwuka, 'Layi Abegunrin, and Dhanjoo N. Ghista. Lawrenceville, Virginia: Brunswick, 1985. 181-191 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic development, Colonialism, Liberation movement. KEYWORDS: OAU; Samaj movement. 1663 Ginther, K. "Liberation and development—guiding concepts of international law as an academic discipline." In: New Perspectives and Conceptions of International Law: An Afro-European Dialogue, edited by K. Ginther and W. Benedek. Vienna, Austria: Springer-Verlag, 1983. 234-240 pp. SUBJECTS: National liberation movement, Academic research, International law, Self-reliance. KEYWORDS: All-African Journal of International Law; African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 1983. 1664 Ginther, K. "Teaching of international law under a developmental aspect: The relevance of African cases and materials." In: New Perspectives and Conceptions of International Law: An AfroEuropean Dialogue, edited by K. Ginther and W. Benedek. Vienna, Austria: Springer-Verlag, 1983.216-224 pp. SUBJECTS: International law, Economic development, Academic research. KEYWORDS: New International Economic Order; Lagos Plan of Action 1980; OAU. 1665 Glushchenko, Ye. A. "African studies in Narody Azii I Afriki (.Peoples of Asia and Africa) magazine." Africa in Soviet Studies (1983): 79-89. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Political history, Economic history, Political ideology, Research methodology, Decolonization. KEYWORDS: Narody Azii I Afriki. 1666 Gorman, Robert F. "Soviet perspectives on the prospects for socialist development in Africa." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 83, no. 331 (April 1984): 163-187. SUBJECTS: Development theory, Socialist development, Ideological conflict. KEYWORDS: Lenin, Vladimir Il'ich; USSR-Africa relations; USSR African studies; Potekhin, Ivan Izosimovich. 1667 Gosebrink, Jean E. Meeh. African Studies Information Resources Directory. Oxford, UK: Hans Zell for the African Studies Association, 1986. 572 pp. biblio. S U B J E C T S : B i b l i o g r a p h y , Nongovernmental organization. KEYWORDS: churches; publishing industry. Provides a bibliography of materials related to Africa and African studies, as well as a listing of information sources and religious missions. 1668 Gould, W. T. S. "Rural-urban interaction and rural transformation in tropical Africa." In: Rural Transformation in Tropical Africa, edited by Douglas Rimmer. London: Belhaven, 1988.77-97 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Agrarian reform, Rural-urban relations, Migration pat-

tern, Household analysis, Trade relations. KEYWORDS: Preston, David; small towns; capital flow; Lipton, Michael; urban bias. Argues against the rural-urban dichotomy posited by Lipton and other urban bias theorists. Uses Preston's typology to describe five types of rural-urban interaction in Africa. Calls for an understanding of the role of the small town, household exchange, and regional variations in rural change. 1669 Gowan, Susan Jean. Portuguese-speaking Africa, 1900-1979: A Select Bibliography. Vol. 2 of 4. Braamfontein, RS A: South African Institute of International Affairs, 1982/1983. 281 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Independence movement, Economic development, International relations. KEYWORDS: Lusophone Africa. 1670 Graaf, Johann. "Why 'practical men' should know something about philosophy: The move from theory to metatheory in development studies." Africanus 19, no. 1/2 (1989): 3-13. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS : Development theory, Dependency theory, Research methodology. KEYWORDS: Booth, David; homelands policy. Addresses the trend of examining the methodology or philosophy of development theory. Takes issue with the arguments of David Booth, who sets out to abolish dependency theory. Concentrates on the issues raised by Marxist theories. 1671 Green, R. H. "Africa in the 1980's: What are the key issues?" In: Development Options for Africa in the 1980s and Beyond, edited by P. Ndegwa, L. P. Mureithi, and R. H. Green. Nairobi, Kenya: Oxford University Press, 1985. 28-49 pp. SUBJECTS: Development theory, Economic development, Project design, Rural development, Political development. KEYWORDS: World Bank; Berg Report 1981. 1672 Green, Reginald H., and Caroline Allison. "World Bank's agenda for accelerated development: Dialectics, doubts and dialogues." In: Africa in Economic Crisis, edited by John Ravenhill. London: Macmillan, 1986. 60-84 pp. SUBJECTS: Foreign aid, Economic development, Women's studies. KEYWORDS: World Bank; Berg Report 1981. Analyzes and assesses the World Bank's prescriptions for subSaharan Africa as contained in "Accelerated Development in SubSaharan Africa: An Agenda for Action," also known as the Berg Report. Discusses the extent to which the report directly addresses women's issues. 1673 Green, Reginald Herbold. '"Things Fall Apart': The world economy in the 1980s." Third World Quarterly 5, no. 1 (January 1983): 72-94. SUBJECTS: International economic system, Development policy, Economic crisis. KEYWORDS: UNCTAD. 1674 Gregory, J., and V. Piche. "Mode de production et régime démographique." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 19, no. 1 (1985): 73-79. biblio. SUBJECTS: Class analysis, Development theory, Historical analysis, Demographic analysis, Women's economic role. KEYWORDS: Meillassoux, Claude. 1675 Grier, Beverly. Underdevelopment, Social Relations and the State in Africa. Boston, Massachusetts: African Studies Center, Boston University, 1987. 22 pp. SUBJECTS: Capital accumulation, Women's economic role, Land tenure system, Underdevelopment, State intervention. KEYWORDS: core-periphery relations. Attempts to wed the literature on the social relations of capitalist development in Africa with the literature on the role of the state. Does this in order to come to a fuller understanding of underdevelopment. Argues that the state must be seen as an integral part of social relations. 1676 Gromyko, An. A. "Africa in world development and problems

AFRICA/General of Soviet African studies." Africa in Soviet Studies (1982): 8-24. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Neocolonialism, Socialism, Foreign policy, Industrial development, National liberation movement, Self-reliance. KEYWORDS: CPSU (Communist Party of the Soviet Union); USSR African studies. 1677 Gromyko, Anatoli Andreevich, ed. Les Relations interafricaines aujourd'hui. Moscow, USSR: Editions du Progrès, 1986. 318 pp. SUBJECTS: Regional cooperation, Diplomatic relations, Political i n t e g r a t i o n , E c o n o m i c d e v e l o p m e n t , R e f u g e e s . KEYWORDS: OAU; Arab-Africa relations; social democracy. Completes a collection of studies on inter-African relations undertaken by the African Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Retraces the struggle of ideas and social forces as well as the steps, tendencies, and particularities that were essential to the establishment of relations between African states. 1678 Gromyko, Anatoly. Africa: Progress, Problems, Prospects (an Analysis of the 1960s-1970s). Moscow, USSR: Progress, 1981. 253 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: National liberation movement, Socialism, C o l o n i a l i s m , Socialist e c o n o m y , Economic cooperation. KEYWORDS: USSR-Africa relations; US-Africa relations; OAU; USSR African studies. 1679 Gromyko, Anatoly. "The October Revolution and the destiny of Africa." In: The USSR and Africa, edited by Anatoly Gromyko. Moscow, USSR: Social Sciences Today Editorial Board, USSR Academy of Sciences, 1983.9-23 pp. ALSO COVERS: Mozambique. SUBJECTS: National liberation movement, Socialism. KEYWORDS: USSR-Africa relations; CPSU (Communist Party of the Soviet Union). 1680 Guichaoua, André. Destins paysans et politiques agraires en Afrique centrale: tome 1. L'Ordre paysan des hautes terres centrales du Burundi et du Rwanda. Vol. 1 of 2. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1989. 208 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Central Africa. SUBJECTS: Peasant society, Rural-urban migration, Agrarian economy, Regional development, Colonialism, Demographic analysis, Ecological analysis. Examines the relationship between the agrarian reforms and the socioeconomic conditions and stability of peasant societies in countries of Central Africa. Addresses such issues as migration and colonial policies, the influence of agrarian economy policies on demographic and ecological problems, and rural-urban migration. 1681 Haeringer, Philippe. La Recherche urbaine à l'ORSTOM: bibliographie analytique, 1950-1980. Paris: ORSTOM, 1983. 326 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Anthropological analysis, Economic development, Political development, Sociological analysis. KEYWORDS: ORSTOM (Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique d'Outre-Mer). 1682 Hailu, Michael, and Daouda Niang. "L'IST dans la recherchedéveloppement: l'action du CIPEA." Afrique contemporaine 151, no. 3 (1989): 211-216. biblio. SUBJECTS: Mass communication, Case study, Agricultural research. KEYWORDS: information systems; CIPEA (Centre International pour l'Elevage en Afrique). Presents the various operations of CIPEA, including data collection, bibliographic research, document distribution and publication, and training. 1683 Hamid, G. M. "Lagos Plan of Action and the development of mineral resources in Africa." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 7, no. 1/2 (1982): 149-165. tables. SUBJECTS: Natural resource management, Mining, Export policy. KEYWORDS: Monrovia Declaration 1979; Lagos Plan of Action 1980; minerals. 1684 Hannam, Harry. The SCOLMA Directory of Libraries and

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Special Collections on Africa in the United Kingdom and Western Europe. 4th ed. Munich, West Germany: Hans Zell, 1983. 183 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Academic research, Women's studies, Forestry industry, Trade union, Agricultural production. KEYWORDS: SCOLMA (Standing Conference on Library Materials on Africa); libraries; Portugal libraries; Netherlands libraries; Denmark libraries. 1685 Hansen, Emmanuel. "Economic Commission for Africa and African development." In: Africa: Perspectives on Peace and Development, edited by Emmanuel Hansen. London: Zed, 1987. 144-153 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Pan-Africanism, Economic integration, Economic policy. KEYWORDS: ECA; OAU. Discusses the function of the ECA in the economic and social development of the African continent, with emphasis on the ECA's role in promoting regional cooperation. 1686 Harris, Joseph E., ed. Global Dimensions of the African Diaspora. Washington, DC: Howard University Press, 1982. 419 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Cultural identity, Pan-Africanism, Sociological analysis. KEYWORDS: African Diaspora. 1687 Henderson, Robert D'A., and William A. Kerr. "The theory and practice of economic relations between CMEA member states and African countries." Journal of Contemporary African Studies 4, no. 1/2 (October 1984/April 1985): 3-35. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: International economic relations, Trade relations, Industrial sector, Economic policy. KEYWORDS: Council for Mutual Economic Assistance. 1688 Henige, David. A Union List of Africana Archival Materials in Microform. 2nd ed. Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin, 1984. 45 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography. KEYWORDS: UK libraries. 1689 Hill, P o l l y . Development Economics on Trial: The Anthropological Case for a Prosecution. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1986.198 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: West Africa, Ghana. SUBJECTS: Development theory, Anthropological analysis, Rural development, Economic inequality, Statistical analysis, Women's studies, Household economy. KEYWORDS: Berg Report 1981; traditional agriculture; cocoa. States that development economics is fundamentally flawed in assuming that farmers are docile, subservient, or irrationally angry and is based on bad official statistics, historical fallacies, and misunderstandings about the very communities to be developed. Recommends economic anthropology. 1690 Himmelstrand, Karin. "Swedish assistance to Third-World women." In: The Peripheral Centre: Swedish Assistance to Africa in Relation to Women, edited by Karin Himmelstrand and Noella Bickham. Stockholm, Sweden: Swedish International Development Authority, 1985. 14-18 pp. SUBJECTS: Women and development, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: SID A (Swedish International Development Authority). 1691 Himmelstrand, Karin, and Noella Bickham, eds. The Peripheral Centre: Swedish Assistance to Africa in Relation to Women. Stockholm, Sweden: Swedish International Development Authority, 1985. 202 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Women and development, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: SID A (Swedish International Development Authority). 1692 Hinjari, Wilberforce. "Organization, function, achievement and short-comings of the Organization of African Unity." In: Nigerian Alternatives, edited by Okello Oculi. Zaria, Nigiera: Gaskiya Corporation, 1987. 287-308 pp. SUBJECTS: Pan-Africanism, International economic system, Regional cooperation. KEYWORDS: OAU. Assesses the OAU and the role of international organizations in

108 • A F R I C A / G e n e r a l the maintenance of international order. Addresses the OAU in Africa and the international order. Suggests that Pan-Africanism can work both as an ideology and as a movement to fight against racism and the dehumanization of Africans. 1693 Holmén, Hans. State, Cooperatives and Development in Africa. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1990. 87 pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural cooperatives, Economic development, Decentralization. Summarizes the experiences of efforts to use agricultural cooperatives as instruments of development in Africa. Determines the conditions under which cooperatives can be suitable institutions for enhancement of development. 1694 Hoskins, Linus A. "Food, aid and health problems of Africa: The role of the United States." African Studies Association Papers 25, no. 43 (November 1982): 1-12. SUBJECTS: Foreign aid policy, Food scarcity, Public health, Population growth, Poverty. KEYWORDS: US-Africa relations. 1695 Hoth-Guéchot, Martin. Le Temps de l'espoir: le développement de l'Afrique noire et la condition d l'homme. Lille, France: L'Association des Amis du CPPS de Mom-Dibang, 1984.189 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Cameroon. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Economic inequality, Rural-urban migration, Nongovernmental organization. KEYWORDS: New International Economic Order; CPSS (Centre de Promotion Sanitaire et Sociale). 1696 Houbert, Jean. "Settlers and seaways in a decolonised world." The Journal of Modern African Studies 23, no. 1 (March 1985): 1-29. SUBJECTS: International relations, Colonialism, Nonaligned nation, Strategic policy. KEYWORDS: maritime policy; Israel-Africa relations; Suez Canal, Egypt; ANC. 1697 Huenu, Codjo. "La Question de l'état et de la nation en Afrique." Présence africaine 127/128 (1983): 329-347. SUBJECTS: State formation, Demographic analysis, Nation-state, Colonialism, Ethnicity. 1698 Hughes, Barry B., and Patricia A. Strauch. 'The future of development in Nigeria and the Sahel: Projections from the World Integrated Model (WIM)." In: Alternative Futures for Africa, edited by Timothy M. Shaw. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1982. 179-199 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Policy recommendation. KEYWORDS: World Integrated Model; Sahel. 1699 Hugon, Philippe. "Dépendance alimentaire et urbanisation en Afrique: un essai d'analyse méso dynamique en termes de filières." In: Nourrir les villes en Afrique sub-saharienne, edited by N. Bricas, G. Courade, J. Coussy, and Ph. Hugon. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1985. 23-46 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Food production, Urbanization, Agricultural technology, Socioeconomic analysis, Rural-urban relations. 1700 Hutchful, Eboe. "The limits of corporatism as a concept and a model." In: Corporatism in Africa: Comparative Analysis and Practice, edited by Timothy M. Shaw and Julius E. Nyang'oro. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1989.17-44 pp. SUBJECTS: Political analysis, Models, Ethnicity. KEYWORDS: corporatism. Argues that corporatist analysis can play only a limited role in African studies. States that the economic, political, and institutional context in most of Africa limits the possibilities for instituting corporatist frameworks on a large scale. 1701 Hyden, Goran. "African social structure and economic development." In: Strategies for African Development, edited by Robert J. Berg and Jennifer Seymour Whitaker. Berkeley and Los

Angeles, California: University of California Press, 1986. 52-80 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Appropriate technology, Bourgeoisie, Agricultural production, Urban planning policy. KEYWORDS: economy of affection; surplus labor. States that the years since independence were a period of shameful experimentation in Africa. Argues that the development agenda must be recast and existing paradigms abandoned. Examines those features peculiar to Africa's political economy and suggests how governments and agencies can be more attuned to local needs, capacities, and processes. 1702 Hyden, Goran. "Ideology and the social sciences: The African experience." Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review 5, no. 1 (January 1989): 50-65. tables. SUBJECTS: Academic research, Ideologies, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: social science discipline. Traces the relationship between ideology, foreign aid donors, and the social sciences. Considers, in particular, development theory, including trickle-down, basic needs, small-is-beautiful, and political environment. Argues that ideas must come before ideology and that researchers should shed developmentalist jackets. 1703 Ihonvbere, Julius, ed. The Political Economy of Crisis and Underdevelopment in Africa: Selected Works of Claude Ake. Lagos, Nigeria: JAD, 1989. 120 pp. SUBJECTS: Underdevelopment, Political economy studies, Unemployment, Human rights, Nonaligned nation, Basic needs. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; IMF; Ake, Claude; UNCTAD. A collection of works by Claude Ake representing his response to the need for a dialectical and holistic approach to the study of crisis in Africa. 1704 Ihonvbere, Julius O. "Underdevelopment and human rights violations in Africa." In: Emerging Human Rights: The African Political Economy Context, edited by George W. Shepherd, Jr., and Mark O. C. Anikpo. New York: Greenwood, 1990. 55-68 pp. SUBJECTS: Underdevelopment, Human rights, Economic crisis. Demonstrates the links between underdevelopment and human rights violations. Argues that underdeveloped and dependent conditions on the African continent generate crises that promote insecurity, conflict, and human rights violations. 1705 IN ADES, ed. Conséquences de la modernisation agricole pour l'économie paysanne en Afrique. Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: INADES, 1985. 23 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Modernization, Agricultural production, Peasant economy. KEYWORDS: animal traction; mechanization; INADES (Institut Africain pour le Développement Economique et Social). 1706 InterAction, and Homer Williams, eds. Diversity in Development: U.S. Voluntary Assistance to Africa: Project Descriptions by Country and Sector. Vol. 2 of 2. Washington, DC: InterAction, 1986. 620 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Development financing, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: voluntary organizations; US-Africa relations. Based on a survey, conducted by InterAction, of 150 private voluntary organizations. Includes data collected on more than 3,700 projects and programs in Africa, cross-indexed by organization and by country, presented without comment. 1707 International Labour Organisation, ed. Towards Solidarity in the Management of African Societies: Misgivings and Certitudes. Geneva, Switzerland: International Institutes for Labour Studies, 1984. 157 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Political economy studies, Social development policy, Development theory, Regional integration. 1708 Ishchenko, Ye. G. "Cooperation between the Soviet Union and developing countries of Socialist orientation." Africa in Soviet Studies (1989): 61-69. SUBJECTS: Socialist government, Economic cooperation, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: USSR-Africa relations.

AFRICA/General Discusses the USSR's aid to African countries in kind and scope. 1709 Islam, Nurul. "Economic interdependence between rich and poor nations." Third World Quarterly 3, no. 2 (April 1981): 230-250. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Natural resource management, Transnational corporations, Population growth, Self-reliance. KEYWORDS: trade liberalization; capital flow. 1710 Jackson, Michael. Paths Towards a Clearing: Radical Empiricism and Ethnographic Inquiry. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1989. 239 pp. biblio, other docs. SUBJECTS: Academic research, Anthropological analysis, Literature review. KEYWORDS: African philosophy; Kuranko people. Explores African epistemology, cosmology, and philosophy through anthropological and ethnographical study of the Kuranko people of West Africa. Addresses such themes as thought processes, identity problems, truth, and knowledge. 1711 Jackson, Robert H., and Carl G. Rosberg. "Pax Africana and its problems." In: Africa in the Post-Decolonization Era, edited by Richard E. Bissell and Michael S. Radu. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction, 1984. 157-182 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Conflict resolution, Economic integration. KEYWORDS: Pax Africana; OAU. 1712 Jagota, S. P. "Developments in the UN conference on the Law of the Sea: A Third World review." Third World Quarterly 3, no. 2 (April 1981): 287-319. SUBJECTS: International relations, Natural resource management. KEYWORDS: legal history; Law of the Sea Convention. 1713 Jamieson, Barbara. "Agricultural development and selfreliance." In: Continental Crisis: The Lagos Plan of Action and Africa's Future, edited by David Fashole Luke and Timothy M. Shaw. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1984. 13-31 pp. SUBJECTS: Self-reliance, Agricultural development. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; Berg Report 1981; OAU. 1714 Janne, Marc-Henri. "Identité culturelle, jeunesse et éducation permanente." In: L'Identité associative en Afrique et la participation des ONG au développement en vue d'un nouvel ordre mondial: Actes du Colloque UAI, 1984, edited by Paul Ghils. Brussels, Belgium: UAI, 1984. 288-290 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Cultural identity, Social development policy. KEYWORDS: Western education. 1715 Jekki, Kinyongo. "La Paix comme instance de développement dans l'Afrique contemporaine." In: Philosophie africaine: Actes de la lOème Semaine Philosophique de Kinshasa du 30 Novembre au 6 Décembre 1986, edited by Faculté de Philosophie. Kinshasa, Zaire: Facultés Catholiques de Kinshasa, 1988. 25-33 pp. SUBJECTS: Political theory, Cultural policy, Development theory. KEYWORDS: philosophy; peace studies. Addresses the role of philosophy and peace in national development. Analyzes the philosophical and literary origins of the word "peace" and looks for a dialectical relationship between peace and development. 1716 Jolly, Jean. Histoire du continent africain: des origines à nos jours Tome 2. Vol. 2 of 2. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1989. 191 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Colonialism, Independence movement, Political analysis. Presents the history of Africa from the nineteenth-century to the 1980s. Explores relations between Western Europe and Africa, from the nineteenth-century colonial invasion of the latter by the former, to the postindependence era of the 1980s. 1717 Jones, Ellen, and Fred W. Grupp. "Modernization and traditionality in a multiethnic society: The Soviet case." American

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Political Science Review 79, no. 2 (1985): 474-490. tables. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Modernization, Islamic society, Family, Sex role. KEYWORDS: patriarchy; USSR-Africa relations. 1718 Kabeya, Tshikala Luabeya. Contribution à la connaissance du conseil pour le développement de la recherche économique et sociale en Afrique. Kinshasa, Zaire: Institut de la Recherche Economique et Sociale, 1982. 38 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Academic research, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: CODESRIA (Council for Development of Economic and Social Research in Africa). 1719 Kalambay, E. "Comment sortir l'OUA de l'engrenage actuel?" Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 225/226 (1984): 3-14. SUBJECTS: International relations, Pan-Africanism. KEYWORDS: OAU. 1720 Kalflèche, Jean-Marc. "Un Dysfonctionnement mortel." Géopolitique africaine 8 (April/May 1988): 5-43. SUBJECTS: Economic cooperation, Industrial development, International cooperation. KEYWORDS: EEC; ACP (African, Caribbean, and Pacific Countries); France-Africa relations. Analyzes France-Africa versus Europe-Africa relations and economic cooperation. Claims that France will have to recognize the greater international community, and especially that of the EEC, in its relations with Africa. Examines the basis and organization of such cooperation. 1721 Kamara, Latyr. "L'O.U.A.: un départ fulgurant et prometteur: une vitesse de croisière ralentie." Présence africaine 146 (1988): 10-24. SUBJECTS: International relations, Regional development, Economic crisis. KEYWORDS: OAU. Contends that although it is doubtful the OAU will be able to resolve all of the problems by which Africa is confronted, the group can go a long way toward resolving the economic crisis facing Africa today if it restructures its own organization. 1722 Kanunk'a Tshiabo, Mampuya. Désuétude du système de sécurité collective. Kinshasa, Zaire: Presses Universitaires du Zaire, 1986. 287 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Regional cooperation, Sanctions, Military policy. KEYWORDS: collective security; UN; League of Nations. Examines case histories from the 1960s concerning the theory of collective security as it differs from the UN charter and practice. Looks at the failure of sanctions as a weapon, which indicates the failure of collective security in general as such security is outlined in the charter. Sketches characteristics of a new mechanism for collective security. 1723 Kaphagawani, Didier Njirayamanda. "The philosophical significance of Bantu nomenclature: A shot at contemporary African philosophy." In: Sage Philosophy: Indigenous Thinkers and Modern Debate on African Philosophy, edited by H. Odera Oruka. Leiden, Netherlands: E. J. Brill, 1990. 181-204 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Ideologies, Traditional society. KEYWORDS: African philosophy. Presents a general critique of African philosophy, followed by a discussion of the significance of Bantu proper names to philosophy in general and philosophy of language in particular. 1724 Keller, Edmond J. 'The state, public policy and the mediation of ethnic conflict in Africa." In: State Versus Ethnic Claims: African Policy Dilemmas, edited by Donald Rothchild and Victor A. Olorunsola. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1983. 251-280 pp. SUBJECTS: Ethnic conflict, Government analysis, Ethnicity, Wealth redistribution, Self-determination. KEYWORDS: pluralism. 1725 Ki-Zerbo, Lazare. "La Phénoménologie et les tâches critiques des sciences humaines en Afrique." Présence africaine 145 (1988): 71-85. S U B J E C T S : T r a d i t i o n a l society, Political crisis. KEYWORDS: Touré, Abdou; Hydén, Gôren; Black consciousness;

1 1 0 • AF RIC A/Gene rai phenomenology. Examines the crisis of phenomenology and African conscience in light of works by Abdou Touré on the Côte d'Ivoire and Gôren Hydén on Tanzania. 1726 Kikassa, Mwanalessa. "Les Intellectuels africains face au développement de leur continent." Zaïre-Afrique 187 (September 1984): 425-430. SUBJECTS: Social development policy, National planning policy, Cultural policy, Religion. 1727 Kim, Georgi. The Great October Socialist Revolution and the Destinies of the Peoples of Asia, Africa and Latin America. Moscow, USSR: Novosti Press Agency, 1987. 70 pp. SUBJECTS: Socialism, National liberation movement, Economic cooperation. KEYWORDS: USSR October Socialist Revolution 1917; New International Economic Order; USSR-Africa relations. Discusses USSR aid to and support of Africa. States that the socialist revolution of 1917 is the most important event of the twentieth century. Concludes that if the peoples of Africa are to defeat imperialism, they must combine their struggles with the proletariat in the West. 1728 Kimble, Judy. "A case for the defence." In: Mode ofOroduction: The Challenge ofAfrica, edited by B. Jewsiewicki and J. Letourneau. Ste-Foy, Quebec, Canada: Safi, 1985. 64-72 pp. SUBJECTS: Academic research, Economic analysis, Development theory, Marxist analysis, Agricultural production. 1729 Kirk-Greene, Anthony. "Anglophone Africa and the transfers of power: Bibliography." In: Decolonization and African Independence: The Transfers of Power, 1960-1980, edited by Prosser Gifford and Wm. Roger Louis. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1988. 515-572 pp. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Decolonization. KEYWORDS: Anglophone Africa. A bibliographic work that takes into account general studies of African decolonization published during roughly the forty years following World War II. 1730 Kitchen, Helen. "Africa: Year of ironies." Foreign Affairs 64, no. 3 (Spring 1986): 562-582. ALSO COVERS: Angola, Chad. SUBJECTS: Development planning, Democracy, Constitution, Economic development. KEYWORDS: Free South Africa Movement; US-RSA relations; Botha, Pieter W.; Savimbi, Jonas Malheiro. Assesses the political and economic states of the African continent at the end of 1985. Charts US-RSA relations, noting changes in leadership in several Africa countries. States that many governments removed price controls and subsidies in 1985. 1731 Koffi, Niamkey. "La Paix: image de méduse ou la fin de la domination?" In: Philosophie africaine: Actes de la lOème Semaine Philosophique de Kinshasa du 30 novembre au 6 décembre 1986, edited by Faculté de Philosophie. Kinshasa, Zaire: Facultés Catholiques de Kinshasa, 1988. 137-140 pp. SUBJECTS: Political theory, Liberation movement. KEYWORDS: philosophy; peace studies. Addresses the idea that the political concept of peace creates a cult of peace that actually prevents peace. Describes this idea as follows: peace becomes an antiphrase, which means the total alienation of the people within the conditions of state technocracy and bureaucracy. 1732 Lachaud, J. P. "Les Leçons de l'expérience: des possibilités à la mesure des espérances." In: Le Développement spontané: les activités informelles en Afrique, edited by Marc Penouil and JeanPierre Lachaud. Paris: A. Pedone, 1985. 249-275 pp. SUBJECTS: Informal sector, Economic analysis, Development planning. 1733 Lachaud, J. P. "Les Méthodes d'observation des activités informelles." In: Le Développement spontané: les activités informelles

en Afrique, edited by Marc Penouil and Jean-Pierre Lachaud. Paris: A. Pedone, 1985. 39-69 pp. SUBJECTS: Informal sector, Socioeconomic analysis, Research methodology. 1734 Le Roy, Etienne. "Le Justiciable africain et la redécouverte d'une voie négociée de règlement des conflits." Afrique contemporaine 156, no. 4 (1990): 111-120. SUBJECTS: Judicial system, Conflict resolution. Looks at negotiated conflict resolution in African society. Traces a comparative history ofjudicial institutions that leads judicial analysts to draw constant analogies with ancient Greece. 1735 Lecomte, Bernard. "Aid agency practices and self-reliance policies." In: Crisis and Recovery in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Tore Rose. Paris: OECD, 1985. 253-264 pp. SUBJECTS: Selfreliance, Foreign aid policy, Rural development. KEYWORDS : donor agency. 1736 Leistner, Erich. "Fuelwood: Energy crisis of the poor." Africa Insight 14, no. 2 (1984): 95-99. tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Natural resource management, Population growth, Land-use policy, Energy use. KEYWORDS: firewood; reforestation. 1737 Leistner, G. M. E. "African traditions and economic development." Africa Insight 13, no. 3 (1983): 191-196. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Technology transfer, Traditional society, Labor policy. 1738 Lemarchand, René. "The dynamics of factionalism in contemporary Africa." In: The African State in Transition, edited by Zaki Ergas. London: Macmillan, 1987. 149-190 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: State power, Geopolitics, Internal conflict. Defines the role of factions and factionalism in African government. Discusses the difficulties that factionalism creates and the destructive impact of foreign-supported factions. Notes the transitory nature of factions and the contingent relationship that often exists between factions and their allies. 1739 Leonard, David. "What is rational when rationality isn't?Comments on the administrative proposals of the Berg Report." Rural Africana no. 19/20 (Spring/Fall 1984): 99-113. SUBJECTS: Public sector, Administration. KEYWORDS: Berg Report 1981; World Bank. 1740 Lesthaeghe, Ron J., ed. Reproduction and Social Organization in Sub-Saharan Africa. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, 1989. 556 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS : Cultural policy, Sociological analysis, Women's studies, D e m o g r a p h i c analysis, Fertility, Labor policy, Kinship. KEYWORDS: WFS (World Fertility Survey); reproduction; PID (pelvic inflammatory disease). Describes the link between the characteristics of reproduction in sub-Saharan Africa and the particular patterns of social organization in the region. Draws attention to these links for understanding the continent's recent demographic history. Speculates about the future of demographic change in sub-Saharan Africa. Links the components of the spacing pattern of reproduction to indicators of both traditional social organization and recent socioeconomic change. 1741 Library of Congress. African and Middle Eastern Division: Library of Congress Staff Publications, 1978-1988. Washington, DC: Library of Congress, 1988. 9 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Arab nations. Lists articles, bibliographies, and reference aids written about Africa by Library of Congress members during the 1980s. 1742 Liser, Florizelle B. "Basic needs strategy and the Physical

AFRICA/General Quality of Life Index (PQLI): Africa's development prospects." In: Alternative Futures for Africa, edited by Timothy M. Shaw. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1982. 201-236 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Basic needs. KEYWORDS : Physical Quality of Life Index. 1743 Logan, Bernard I. "Reverse transfer of technology from subSaharan Africa to the United States." The Journal of Modern African Studies 25, no. 4 (December 1987): 597-612. SUBJECTS: Higher education, Technology transfer, Statistical analysis. KEYWORDS: brain drain; US-Africa relations. Examines the brain drain from Africa to the US. Concludes that immigrants to the US tend to be English speakers and that the countries they come from tend to have a large population, a pro-Western outlook, unstable economic conditions, good higher education, and a nondominant colonial legacy. 1744 Lonsdale, John. "Le Passé de l'Afrique au secours de son avenir." Politique africaine no. 39 (September 1990): 135-154. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Research methodology, Education policy, Religion, Class struggle. Examines African history as a positive force in the continent's future. Questions why African history should be studied and discusses the objectives of historical study, the applications of African custom, and the invention of tribalism. Claims social classes must be understood and presents religious ambiguities. 1745 Louve, Emond. "Où en est NOVA en 1985?" Afrique contemporaine 134 (April/June 1985): 21-34. SUBJECTS: International relations, Regional integration. KEYWORDS: OAU. 1746 Low, D. Anthony. "Development's contexts: Asia, Africa." Dœdalus 118, no. 1 (Winter 1989): 17-30. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Peasant society. Provides a general history of the intersection between government, history, global dynamics, and development in Asia and Africa, noting the differences between the continents. Analyzes state structures, how they operate, and the survival of peasants. 1747 Luce, Louise Fiber. "Neo-colonialism and Présence Africaine." The African Studies Review 29, no. 1 (March 1986): 5-11. SUBJECTS: Mass media, Political culture. KEYWORDS: journalism; Présence Africaine. Surveys the history of the journal Présence Africaine as an agent of change. Concludes that the journal has moved from a marginal position within Francophone literature to a mainstream, elite position, in the process abandoning its role as intellectual and political advocate. 1748 Luke, David Fashole, and Timothy M. Shaw, eds. Continental Crisis: The Lagos Plan of Action and Africa's Future. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1984. 231 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic development, Agricultural development, Gender relations, Political ideology, Self-reliance. KEYWORDS: ECA; Lagos Plan of Action 1980. 1749 Lukombo, Mukuama. "La Ville africaine et ses urgences vitales. IVe Séminaire Scientifique Régional de Philosophie, Kinshasa, 16-19 juin 1988." Zaïre-Afrique no. 233 (March 1989): 101-106. SUBJECTS: Ideologies, Urban development. KEYWORDS: philosophy; Séminaire Scientifique Régional de Philosophie. Examines the theme of risks for urban civilization in Africa. Looks at urban necessities and the numbers of people affected by them. Analyzes the most pressing needs and explores solutions in the works. 1750 Lynas, Matthew, and Trudi Hartzenberg. "Rural development interventions: The value of behavioural concepts." Journal of Contemporary African Studies 6, no. 1/2 (April/October 1987): 49-59. tables. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Intervention policy, Be-

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havioral analysis, Agricultural sector, Resistance movement. KEYWORDS: KwaZulu homeland, RSA. Focuses on the need to develop a practical awareness of motivational and change processes that may be useful in approaching rural development. Views the target community as potential collaborators rather than obstacles, taking into consideration their values and traditions while at the same time seeking to motivate them toward change. 1751 M'buyinga, Elenga, and Michael Pallis, trans. Pan Africanism or Neo-Colonialism? The Bankruptcy of the O.A.U. London: Zed, 1983. 236 pp. ALSO COVERS: Cameroon. SUBJECTS: Economic cooperation, Pan-Africanism, Neocolonialism. KEYWORDS: OAU; UPC (Union des Populations du Camerounaises); PAC. 1752 Mabogunje, Akin L. The Development Process: A Spatial Perspective. London: Unwin Hyman, 1989. 399 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Modernization, Rural development, National integration, Urban development. KEYWORDS: spatial analysis. Uses an economic geography approach to economic development. Proposes the use of spatial forms to encourage popular participation and further development. Provides brief case studies of Cameroon, Sudan, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Zambia, Senegal, Ghana, and Nigeria. 1753 MAECECD, ed. Une Siècle de documentation africaine. Brussels, Belgium: Ministère des Affaires Etrangères, 1985.79 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Urban growth, Public health, Transportation system. KEYWORDS: Belgium-Africa relations; Congo International Association; UROME (Union Royale Belge pour les Pays Outre-mer et l'Europe Unie); missionaries. 1754 Mailafia, Obed O. "The right to global distributive justice: An inquiry into the problems and prospects of creating an equitable world order." In: Emerging Human Rights: The African Political Economy Context, edited by George W. Shepherd, Jr., and Mark O. C. Anikpo. New York: Greenwood, 1990. 15-38 pp. SUBJECTS: Resource distribution, Political theory. KEYWORDS: New International Economic Order. Addresses whether poor countries have the right to demand from the rich a redistribution of the world's resources and power. Examines the place of moral norms in a competitive, sovereign states system. 1755 Manwana, Mungongo. "La Politique des négociations collectives dans les pays industrialisés et en Afrique." Zaïre-Afrique 190 (December 1984): 605-20. ALSO COVERS: Zaire. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic development, State intervention, Industrial development. KEYWORDS: collective negotiations. 1756 Marenin, Otwin. "Resolving epistemological contradictions in Marxist African studies." The Journal of Modern African Studies 27, no. 4 (December 1989): 641-669. SUBJECTS: Academic research, Marxist analysis. KEYWORDS: African studies. Presents a variety of recent Marxist approaches in academia. Maintains that African Marxists have been using positivist empirical methods to justify their theories. Argues that until they develop their own methods, existing epistemological arguments will remian deficient and unpersuasive. 1757 Markovitz, Irving Leonard, ed. Studies in Power and Class in Africa. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1987. 400 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Independence movement, Women's studies, Power politics, Class analysis. KEYWORDS: Encadrement. Describes the importance of class, the state, religion, ideology, gender, ethnicity, language, and international relations in policy determination and in the understanding of contemporary African politics. 1758 Martin, Denis. "Par delà le boubou et la cravate: pour une

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sociologie de l'innovation politique en Afrique noire." Canadian Journal ofAfrican Studies!Revue canadienne des études africaines 20, no. 1 (1986): 5-35. SUBJECTS: Sociological analysis, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: pluralism. States that theoretical perspectives that emphasize pluralism, dynamism, and multiple causality in African politics are leading to a new sociological approach. Argues that this new sociology of innovation puts emphasis on the originality of African political dynamics rather than using Western definitions. 1759 Marvin, Richard. "Social grading of occupations in subSaharan Africa, 1954-1974." The Journal ofDeveloping Areas 15, no. 4 (July 1981): 621-638. tables. SUBJECTS: Employment opportunity, Education system, Income distribution, Social stratification. 1760 Mascarenhas, Adolpho. "Issues in African rehabilitation." African Environment 23-24 (1989): 5-16. SUBJECTS: Environmental degradation, Poverty, Population growth, Agricultural development. Suggests that Africa's crisis is not only economic but also environmental. Calls for the end of the destruction of Africa's productive base. Recommends strategies for rehabilitation, including placing people's survival first and striving for specificity and positive thinking. 1761 Mathews, K. "OAU and political economy of human rights in Africa: An analysis of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights, 1981." Africa Today 34, no. 1/2 (1987): 85-103. SUBJECTS: International relations, Human rights, Political economy studies, Models. KEYWORDS: OAU; African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 1983. Analyzes human rights issues in Africa. Discusses the charter, concluding that human rights violations are not the only problems that face African countries but that basic economic necessities and development also pose acute problems. 1762 Mathews, K. "The OAU and the problem of African unity." Africa Quarterly 23, no. 1/2 (1984): 1-27. ALSO COVERS: Western Sahara, Angola. SUBJECTS: International relations, Political integration, Border conflict. KEYWORDS: OAU. 1763 Mathews, K. "The Organisation of African Unity in world politics." In: Africa in World Politics: Into the 1990s, edited by Ralph I. Onwuka and Timothy M. Shaw. Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan, 1989. 32-63 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Nonaligned nation. KEYWORDS: OAU; NAM (Non-Aligned Movement); New International Economic Order. Examines and analyzes the role and impact of the OAU in the international system given the background of the place Africa occupies in the wider international political economy. 1764 Matthews, Jacqueline. "The Third Lomé convention and its significance to Southern Africa." Africa Insight 15, no. 4 (1985): 262-270. tables. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic development, Trade policy. KEYWORDS: EEC; SADCC; Lomé Convention 1984. 1765 Maxwell, Margaret, ed. African Studies Handbook for Elementary and Secondary School Teachers. 3rd ed. Amherst, Massachusetts: Center for International Education, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, 1983. 235 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Liberia, Kenya. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Children, Women's rights, Economic development, Cultural identity, Academic research, International relations. KEYWORDS: African studies. 1766 Mazouz, Mohammed. "Développement et destin de la jeunesse: éléments pour une rédiscussion du concept de jeunesse." Cahiers des sciences humaines 21, no. 2/3 (1985): 181-185. SUBJECTS: Ruralurban migration, Youth issues, Population growth, Traditional society, Economic integration.

1767 Mazrui, Ali A. "Conflict resolution and social justice in the Africa of tomorrow: In search of new institutions." Présence africaine 127/128 (1983): 308-328. ALSO COVERS: Uganda. SUBJECTS: Conflict resolution, Judicial system, Administration, Diplomatic relations, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: OAU. 1768 Mazrui, Ali A. "Eurafrica, Eurabia, and African-Arab relations: The tensions of tripolarity." In: Interdependence in a World ofUnequals: African-Arab-OECD Economic Cooperation for Development, edited by DunstanM.Wai. Boulder,Colorado: Westview, 1982.17-46 pp. SUBJECTS: Islam, Social stratification, Race relations, International relations. 1769 Mazrui, Ali A. "Social participation and the culture of production: Africa between pastoralists and cultivators." In: The African Social Situation: Crucial Factors of Development and Transformation, edited by ACARTSOD (African Centre for Applied Research and Training in Social Development). London: Hans Zell, 1990.66-91 pp. SUBJECTS: Pastoralism, Women's studies, Water supply, Socialism, Social development policy, Islam. Describes the divide between cultures that focus on animals and cultures that focus on land. Argues that this cultural divide is part of the crisis of water and food. Considers the position of women and socialism. Addresses the importance of clean water, the crisis in water's supply, and ritual uses of water. 1770 Mbembe, J. A. Les Jeunes et l'ordre politique en Afrique noire. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1985. 247 pp. SUBJECTS: Youth issues, Education system, Political power, Social change. 1771 Médard, Jean-François. L'Etat sous-développé en Afrique noire: clientélisme politique ou néo-patrimonialisme. Bordeaux, France: Centre d'Etudes d'Afrique Noire, Institut d'Etudes Politiqu, 1982. 36 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Underdevelopment, Socioeconomic analysis, Political economy studies. 1772 Melville J. Herskovits Library of African Studies. Northwestern UNCAT Africana. Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University Library, 1981. 71 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Anthropological analysis, Geographical analysis, Historical analysis, Political analysis, Sociological analysis. 1773 Melville J. Herskovits Library of African Studies. Northwestern University Africana File Listing as of April 1988. Evanston, Illinois: Melville J. Herskovits Library of African Studies, 1988. 3748 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography. A file listing of the holdings of the Melville J. Herskovits Library of African Studies. 1774 Mengistu, Berhanu, and Yacob Haile-Mariam. "The status and future of privatization in sub-Saharan Africa." Journal of African Studies 15, no. 1/2 (Spring/Summer 1988): 4-9. SUBJECTS: Privatization, State-owned enterprise. KEYWORDS: USAID; IMF; World Bank. States that privatization has been used as a tool of conditionality. Argues that the purpose of privatization is not reversing losses, but changing the ownership of industrial property. Notes that few African countries have actually privatized. 1775 Mettelin, Pierre. "Activités informelles et économie urbaine: le cas de l'Afrique noire." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 223/224 (1984): 57-71. ALSO COVERS: Côte d'Ivoire, Central African Republic. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Informal sector, Technological development. KEYWORDS: apprenticeship. 1776 Midiohouan, Guy Ossito. "Portée idéologique et fondements politiques de la francophonie (vue d'Afrique)." Peuples noirs; peuples

AFRICA/General africains 8, no. 43 (January/February 1985): 12-36. SUBJECTS: Traditional society, Language policy. KEYWORDS: Francophone Africa; France-Africa relations. 1777 Midiohouan, Guy Ossito. "Portée idéologique et fondements politiques de la francophonie (vue d'Afrique)." Peuples noirs; peuples africains 11, no. 59/62 (September/June 1987/1988): 63-84. SUBJECTS: Imperialism, Language policy, Traditional society. KEYWORDS: Francophone Africa; linguistics. Examines the effects of the French language on various African cultures and societies. Addresses the imperialistic effects of the imposition of the French language. 1778 Mignon, Jean-Marie. "Les Mouvements de jeunesse dans l'Afrique de l'Ouest francophone de 1958 aux années 1970-1975." In: Le Mouvement associatif des jeunes en Afrique noire francophone au XXe siècle, edited by Hélène d'Almeida-Topor and Goerg Odile. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1989. 107-128 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Youth issues, Historical analysis, Colonialism. Draws on historical accounts to address youth organization issues in Francophone countries of West Africa. Examines the structure as well as the social and political orientation of the different types and forms of orgaanization that evolved in these countries from 1958 to the mid-1970s. 1779 Miller, E. Willard, and Ruby M. Miller. Africa: A Bibliography on the Third World. Monticello, Illinois: Vance, 1981. 32 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Government analysis, Military policy, Economic development, Natural resource management, Urbanization, Agricultural development. 1780 Miller, E. Willard, and Ruby M. Miller, eds. The Third WorldAfrica: Northern Desert Lands, Bibliography. Monticello, Illinois: Vance, 1990. 38 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Political analysis, Economic analysis, Foreign policy, Rural development, Sociological analysis, Agricultural policy. KEYWORDS: Sahel; Sahara Desert. Provides a bibliography on the political, social and economic conditions of the northern desert lands of Africa. Focuses on Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Chad, Sudan, and Ethiopia. 1781 Miller, Jake C. "The homeless of Africa." Africa Today 29, no. 2 (1982): 5-30. ALSO COVERS: Chad, Angola. SUBJECTS: Regional security, Refugee migration. KEYWORDS: UN. 1782 Minh, Tran Van. "Political and judicial sanctions against violations of human rights." In: Violations of Human Rights: Possible Rights of Recourse and Forms of Resistance, edited by UNESCO. Paris: UNESCO, 1981. 144-201 pp. SUBJECTS: Resistance movement, Human rights, Sanctions. KEYWORDS: UN; Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948. 1783 Ministère du Développement Rural du Togo, ed. Première conférence de la Recherche Cotonnière Africaine: Lomé, Togo, 31 Janvier-2 Février 1989. Vol. 2. Montpellier, France: Institut de Recherche du Coton et des Textiles Exotiques, 1989. 406 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Academic research, Agricultural production, Agricultural technology, Ecological analysis. KEYWORDS: cotton farming; CTA (Centre Technique de Coopération Agricole et Rurale). Draws on academic research to address cotton-farming productivity in Africa. Examines the botanical parameters as well as the mineral fertilization and insecticide protection problems in improving productivity. 1784 Mirel, Pierre. Département Afrique: bibliographie administrative. Paris: Institut International de l'Administration Publique, 1982. 123 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Public administration,

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Constitution, Administration, Public sector. 1785 Miserez, Marc-André, and Daniel Studer. "La Réalité africaine: eclairage par l'analyse politico-économique ou par le roman? Ebauche d'étude comparative." Les Cahiers du CEDAF no. 1/2/3 (March 1987): 159-179. SUBJECTS: Arts, Literature review, Socioeconomic analysis. KEYWORDS: African literature; Pleurer-Rire; Lopes, Henri; Bertrand, H. Questions whether political science analyses depend as much on fiction as the novel or whether each approach toward African reality disturbs the standard scholarly certainties of well-established models. Examines the respective contributions of both approaches through the novels Pleurer-Rire, by Lopes, and Le Congo, by Bertrand. 1786 Mitnik, T. A. "Works by researchers of the Africa Institute, USSR Academy of Sciences, published in foreign languages." Africa in Soviet Studies (1983): 334-372. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Socialism, International relations. KEYWORDS: USSR-Africa relations. 1787 Mkandawire, Thandika. "Lagos Plan of Action and the World Bank on food and agriculture in Africa: A comparison." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 7, no. 1/2 (1982): 166-177. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Agricultural production, Peasant class. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; FAO; Berg Report 1981. 1788 Mkandawire, Thandika. "Problems and prospects of the social sciences in Africa." Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review 5, no. 1 (January 1989): 1-17. SUBJECTS: Academic research, Development theory. KEYWORDS: social science discipline. Addresses the problems of the social sciences in Africa. Notes that indigenous social science is new, a result of colonial negligence. Analyzes the Africanist community, the problems of developmentalism, theorizing, funding, and "indigenisation." Offers reasons for hope about the future of the discipline. 1789 Mkandawire, Thandika. The New International Economic Order, Basic Need Strategies and the Future of Africa. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Addis Ababa University, 1981. 35 pp. SUBJECTS: Basic needs, International economic relations. KEYWORDS: New International Economic Order. 1790 Mohammed, Abdul. "Responses of non-govemmental organisations to conflict situations." In: Humanitarian Emergencies and Military Help in Africa, edited by Thomas G. Weiss. Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan, 1990. 94-109 pp. SUBJECTS: Nongovernmental organization, Conflict. Outlines aid approaches of nongovernment organizations in the context of conflict situations. 1791 Mohiddin, Ahmed. "Notes on the resurrection of Pan Africanism." Présence africaine 117/118 (1981): 190-203. SUBJECTS: Traditional society, Capitalist economy, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: African nationalism. 1792 Moitt, Bernard. "Cheikh Anta Diop and the African diaspora: Historical continuity and socio-cultural symbolism." Présence africaine no. 149/150 (1989): 347-360. SUBJECTS: Cultural identity, Historical analysis, Academic research. KEYWORDS: Diop, Cheikh Anta. Examines the response to Cheikh Anta Diop's thesis about the race of the ancient Egyptians and the cultural affinity between ancient Egyptian civilization and civilization in the rest of Africa. Shows how Diop's thesis is relevant to the study of the African diaspora, notably in the Caribbean. 1793 Moleur, Bernard. "La Loi coloniale: son idéologie, ses con-

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tradictions." In: Systèmes fonciers à la ville et au village: Afrique noire francophone, edited by Raymond Verdier and A. Rochegude. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1986.79-100 pp. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Law, Land reform. KEYWORDS: land law. Analyzes the history and evolution of state-institutionalized land law in Africa. Looks at the supposed inferiority of traditional land policies by the colonials and the imposition of foreign legal values. Looks forward to a synthesis of the two systems and a stronger legal system pertaining to land. 1794 Momoh, C. S. "A critique of borderland theories." In: Borderlands in Africa: A Multidisciplinary and Comparative Focus on Nigeria and West Africa, edited by A. I. Asiwaju and P. O. Adeniyi. Lagos, Nigeria: University of Lagos Press, 1989. 51-61 pp. SUBJECTS: Border conflict, Geographical analysis. KEYWORDS: border relations; maximal borderlands theory; zero borderlands theory. Considers the importance and relevance of border and boundary studies. Holds that there are three types of borderlands: zero, minimal, and maximal. Concludes that boundaries are artificial and are more political and fiscal than anything else. 1795 Monga Oliga, Mbambi. "Le Terrorisme comme défi à la justice." In: Philosophie africaine: paix, justice, travail. Actes de la lOème Semaine Philosophique de Kinshasa 1986, edited by Faculté de Philosophie. Kinshasa, Zaire: Facultés Catholiques de Kinshasa, 1988. 159-164 pp. SUBJECTS: Terrorism, Resistance movement, Political theory. Looks at terrorism as a challenge to justice. Defines reasons for terrorism and demonstrates that only ideals contained within the concept of justice permit a fair comprehension of terrorism, although such ideals may eliminate such violence altogether. Claims justice can diminish the impact of terrorism in the lives of civilized society. 1796 Morice, Alain. "L'Empire de l'empirisme." In: Vivre et survivre dans les villes africaines, edited by Isabelle Deblé and Philippe Hugon. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1982. 257-279 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Commercial sector. 1797 Morrison, Donald George, Robert Cameron Mitchell, and John Naber Paden. Black Africa: A Comparative Handbook. 2nd ed. New York: Paragon and Irvington, 1989.716 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Language policy, Demographic analysis, Political development, International relations, Political violence, Political conflict, Trade relations. Provides a survey of various areas of African society, including ethnic patterns, national integration and stability, language patterns, and political patterns. Concentrates on the economic and political development of Africa. 1798 Morrison, Donald George, Robert Cameron Mitchell, and John Naber Paden. Understanding Black Africa: Data and Analysis of Social Change and Nation Building. New York: Paragon and Irvington, 1989. 237 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Social change, Research methodology, Political development, Economic development, Urbanization, Religion, Nation-building. KEYWORDS: transport. Presents data on social, political, and economic development in Africa. Analyzes political development using the data. Touches on areas such as urbanization, education, communications, transport, religion, and foreign relations. 1799 Mostafa-Kamel, Taïmour. "La Protection du travail dans la Charia islamique." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 43, no. 3/4 (July/October 1989): 446-458. SUBJECTS: Islam, Civil rights, Labor policy. KEYWORDS: workers' rights; Sharia law. Examines Islamic legal interpretations and inspirations of worker's rights. Analyzes sexual roles in work according to Islam and the basis for female compensation as well.

1800 Mowoe, Isaac James, and Richard Bjomson, eds .Africa and the West: The Legacies of Empire. New York: Greenwood, 1986.274 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Decolonization, Academic research, Political development, Cultural identity, Social welfare system. Discusses the lingering effects of the colonial period on Africa on the social and cultural facets of African development. Examines the development of the African political and cultural philosophies that guide the politics of current nations. 1801 Mphahlele, Es'kia. "Africa in exile." Dcedalus 111, no. 2 (1982): 29-48. ALSO COVERS: Zaire. SUBJECTS: Refugees, Leadership analysis, Political repression, Political opposition. KEYWORDS: political literature; exile; intellectuals. 1802 Mpoyi-Buatu, Thomas. "Le Roman africain comme lieu stratégique de l'émergence du sujet."Les Cahiers du CEDAF no. 1/2/3 (March 1987): 36-47. SUBJECTS: Political power, Arts, Literature review. KEYWORDS: African literature. Examines the emergence of the subject in African novels. Discusses power figures in African novels, who often metamorphose into characters of horror. Claims that power engenders reactions of selfdefense and provokes resistance. 1803 Muhindi, J. "Du Séraphique au satanique: perspectives africaines sur 1' Amérique noire." Politique africaine no. 15 (September 1984): 65-78. SUBJECTS: Literature review, Pan-Africanism. KEYWORDS: Soyinka, Wole; Mwangi, Meja; Dongala, Emmanuel. 1804 Mujaju, Akiiki B. 'The recency and immediacy of political science: Some implications for research." Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review 1, no. 1 (1985): 37-51. ALSO COVERS: Uganda. SUBJECTS: Academic research, Rural development. KEYWORDS: political science discipline; UPC (Uganda People's Congress); PCRDP (Parliamentary Constituency Rural Development Programme). 1805 Murray, Jocelyn, ed. Cultural Atlas of Africa. New York: Facts on File, 1981.240 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Geographical analysis, Anthropological analysis, Political history, Arts. 1806 Mushtuk, O. Z. "The genesis of trade unions in Africa." Africa in Soviet Studies (1989): 109-118. SUBJECTS: Trade union, Historical analysis, Class struggle, Socialist revolution. Describes the political development of African trade unions and their contribution to liberation. Argues that these trade unions were not imported from Europe but rise from the African reality. 1807 Mwosa, J. L. "Concepts of development management: Some issues of entrepreneurship and style." In: Management for Development: Priority Themes in Africa Today, edited by P. Ndegwa, L. P. Mureithi, and R. H. Green. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1987. 108-121 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Management, Environmental analysis, Entrepreneurship, Models, Technical training. Discusses alternative concepts and models of management with an emphasis on style and entrepreneurship. Reviews the problems of management. 1808 Mytelka, Lynn Krieger. The Unfulfilled Promise of African Industrialization. Chicago, Illinois: African Studies Association, 1988. 92 pp. SUBJECTS: Industrialization, Technological development, Economic theory. Examines the theoretical debate over industrialization in Africa, excluding Southern Africa. Points out the broad similarities between the historical experiences of the countries discussed, regarding the process of industrialization and the role of technology in it. 1809 N'Zembele, Luftatchy. "L'Avenir d'une dérision: l'ordre du

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discours africain (Notes en marge de deux ouvrages récents)." Peuples noirs; peuples africains 6, no. 31 (January/February 1983): 107-138. SUBJECTS: Technology transfer, Scientific research, Research and development. 1810 Nadine, Fettweis. "Lecture sémiotique de l'ante-peuple de Sony Labou Tansi." Les Cahiers du CEDAF no. 4 (October 1989): 1-101. biblio. SUBJECTS: Literature review, Arts, Political power. KEYWORDS: African literature; Tansi, Sony Labou; semiotics; L'Anté-peuple. Proposes two critical analyses of Sony Labou Tansi's novel L'Anté-peuple, based on the semiotic method and an attempt to link the fictional story to reality. Analyzes the themes and their manifestations within the story as well as symbols and symbolization. 1811 Nafziger, E. Wayne. Inequality in Africa: Political Elites, Proletariat, Peasants, and the Poor. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1988. 204 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Labor force, Income distribution, Rural population, Economic growth rate, Neocolonialism, Capitalism, Education opportunity. KEYWORDS: urban bias; African socialism; regional inequality. Demonstrates that contemporary African political and economic elites use power and wealth to acquire education and investment opportunities to maintain their families' positions at the top of the class system. 1812 Nam, Charles B. "Special address: Factors related to mortality at the older ages: A cross-national analysis." In: Studies in African and Asian Demography, edited by Cairo Demographic Centre. Cairo, Egypt: Cairo Demographic Centre, 1983. 37-81 pp. tables. SUBJECTS : Household economy, Population density, Economic development, Income inequality, Research methodology. KEYWORDS: elderly; life expectancy. 1813 Natchaba, O. F. "Analyse et réflexions sur les votes émis par les états du conseil de l'entente à l'assemblée générale des NationsUnies." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique 95, no. 788/789 (July/September 1985): 310-346. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, International conflict. KEYWORDS: Congo Crisis 19601965; UN. 1814 Ndulu, Benno J. "Governance and economic management." In: Strategies for African Development, edited by Robert J. Berg and Jennifer Seymour Whitaker. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, 1986. 81-107 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Government economic management, Public sector, Resource distribution. KEYWORDS: aid agency reform; state marketing. Argues that economic structures can be strengthened by the effective use of resources. Examines the role of the public sector, its resource allocation, and economic policies. 1815 Ngango, Georges. "Les Dimensions économiques de la solidarité du monde noir." Présence africaine 117/118 (1981): 112122. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Pan-Africanism, Underdevelopment, Traditional society. 1816 Ngolu Tsasa, Mvumbi. "Travail et développement." In: Philosophie africaine: paix, justice, travail. Actes de la lOème Semaine Philosophique de Kinshasa 1986, edited by Faculté de Philosophie. Kinshasa, Zaire: Facultés de Kinshasa, 1988. 189-192 pp. SUBJECTS: Labor force, Social development policy. KEYWORDS: African philosophy. Claims that Africa should promote the work ethic in order to facilitate moral development. Urges Africa to promote scientific research in order to facilitate material and physical development and prescribes the promotion of good educational institutions to facilitate intellectual and spiritual development. 1817 Nicolai, Henri, and Guy Lasserre. "Les Systèmes de cultures

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traditionels et les phénomènes pionniers en Afrique tropicale." In: Les Phénomènes de "frontière" dans les pays tropicaux, edited by J. P. Berthe. Paris: Institut des Hautes Etudes de l'Amérique Latine, 1981. 95-115 pp. maps. ALSO COVERS: Rwanda, Burundi. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Migration. KEYWORDS: frontier movement; Koulango, Côte d'Ivoire; traditional agriculture. 1818 Nkingi, Mweze Ch. "L'Ethnocentrisme épistemologique mis à distance: approche archéologique des discours sur la gnose en Afrique." Les Nouvelles rationalités africaines 4, no. 13 (January/March 1989): 87-102. SUBJECTS: Political theory, Education policy. KEYWORDS: social history; Mudimbe, V. Y. Reviews V. Y. Mudimbe's recent book The Invention of Africa: Gnosis, Philosophy and the Order of Knowledge. Addresses European and other discourses on African history, society, and culture. Questions the methods, stategies, theoretical frameworks, and underpinnings of such discourses. 1819 Nkombe, Oleko. "Philosophie et développement: pour une axiomatique du développement." Les Nouvelles rationalités africaines 1, no. 1 (October 1985): 23-63. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Integrated rural development, Cultural policy. 1820 Nnoli, Okwudibia. "Revolutionary violence, development, equality, and justice in South Africa." In: Emerging Human Rights: The African Political Economy Context, edited by George W. Shepherd, Jr., and Mark O. C. Anikpo. New York: Greenwood, 1990. 109-128 pp. SUBJECTS: Revolutionary movement, Political violence, Apartheid, National development. KEYWORDS: justice. Examines the objective of revolutionary violence, arguing that it tends to move the socioeconomic and cultural systems toward confering an ever-larger measure of power to the people. Distinguishes between violence for oppression and violence for revolution. 1821 Nweke, G. Aforka. 'The Organization of African Unity and Intra-African Functionalism." The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 489 (January 1987): 133-147. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic relations, Technological development. KEYWORDS: OAU; Lagos Plan of Action 1980. Examines the role and record of the OAU, noting that the organization was the product of a compromise between African government leaders who wanted a political union of all independent Black states and those who preferred functional cooperation. Points out that practically no cooperation has taken place due to inherent contradictions in the ideas, behavior, and interests of OAU states. 1822 Nwokedi, Emeka. 'Theoretical foundations of the Lagos Plan of Action." In: African Development: The OAUIECA Plan of Action and Beyond, edited by Ralph I. Onwuka, 'Layi Abegunrin, and Dhanjoo N. Ghista. Lawrenceville, Virginia: Brunswick, 1985. 32-39 pp. SUBJECTS : Self-reliance, International relations, Economic development. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980. 1823 Nzongola-Ntalaja. "The national question and the crisis of instability in Africa." Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review 1, no. 2 (June 1985): 73-101. SUBJECTS: Nationalist movement, Political instability, Ethnicity. KEYWORDS: Ogaden War 1964; Ogaden War 1977-1978 ; Buganda, Uganda; Biafran war; South Kasai, Zaire. Considers nationalist movements that have resulted from the inadequate partitioning of Africa by colonial powers. Explores the literature on nation formation. Analyzes cases of nationalist movements in Somalia, Uganda, Nigeria, Zaire, Chad, Ethiopia, Sudan, the RSA, Namibia, and the Western Sahara. 1824 O'Kane, Rosemary H. T. "Probabilistic approach to the causes of coups d'état." British Journal of Political Science 11, no. 3 (1981): 287-308. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Coup d'etat,

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Political violence. KEYWORDS: causal theory. 1825 O'Reilly, F. D. Age and the Peasant Innovator. London: Department of Geography, University of London, 1983. 25 pp. SUBJECTS : Agricultural development, Demographic analysis, Traditional society, Peasant society. KEYWORDS: agricultural innovation. 1826 Obasanjo, Olusegun, and Hans d'Orville, eds. Challenges of Leadership in African Development. New York: Crane Russak, 1990. 258 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Leadership analysis, Economic reform, Private sector, Agricultural production, International relations, Trade relations, Apartheid. KEYWORDS: UK-Africa relations; China-Africa relations; Japan-Africa relations; World Bank; IMF. A collection of essays by African and international leaders, heads of banks, and directors of agencies. Addresses Africa's economic and social situations and makes recommendations for improving them. Considers agriculture and education as well. Provides two case studies on Nigeria. 1827 Octave, ed. Demain I'Afrique: de la prospective a la planification. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1981. 195 pp. SUBJECTS: Development planning, Anthropological analysis, Regional integration, Religion, Industrial development, Rural development, Transnational corporations. KEYWORDS: New International Economic Order. 1828 Oculi, Obello. "Food imperialism and African diplomacy in the 1980s." AfricaDevelopment/Afrique etdeveloppement 6, no. 3(1981): 63-73. tables. SUBJECTS: Transnational corporations, Colonialism, Economic dependency, Food policy. KEYWORDS: OAU. 1829 Odetola, T. O. Military Regimes and Development: A Comparative Analysis ofAfrican States. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1982. 200 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Ethiopia, Ghana. SUBJECTS: Military intervention, Military government, Economic development, Social development policy, Class analysis. 1830 Ogunbadejo, Oye. "Soviet policies in Africa." In: Exporting Apartheid: Foreign Policies in Southern Africa, 1978-1988, edited by Stephen Chan. Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan, 1990.329-363 pp. SUBJECTS: Political analysis, Economic analysis, Geopolitics. KEYWORDS: USSR-Africa relations. Examines the development of USSR-Africa relations. Discusses USSR policies on three levels: political, economic, and strategic. 1831 Ogundipe-Leslie, Molara. "African values and African life: An approach through political economy." In: Towards Solidarity in the Management of African Societies: Misgivings and Certitudes, edited by International Institute for Labour Studies. Geneva, Switzerland: International Institute for Labour Studies, 1984. 23-29 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Traditional society, Political economy studies, Sociological analysis, Development theory. 1832 Ohuche, R. Ogbonna, and Barnabas Otaala, eds. The African Child and His Environment. Oxford, UK: Pergamon for the United Nations Environment Programme, 1981.104 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: International cooperation, Children, Education policy. KEYWORDS: SEPA (Science Education Programme for Africa). 1833 Ojo, M. Adeleye. "The EC A and the food crisis in Africa." In: African Development: The OAUIECA Plan of Action and Beyond, edited by Ralph I. Onwuka, 'Layi Abegunrin, and Dhanjoo N. Ghista. Lawrenceville, Virginia: Brunswick, 1985. 174-180 pp. SUBJECTS: Crisis management, Food scarcity, International relations. KEYWORDS: ECA; FAO; UNCTAD; ECOWAS. 1834 Ojo, Olatunde J. B. "Towards a development oriented political

science curriculum." In: Political Science in Africa: A Critical Review, edited by Yolamu R. Barongo. London: Zed, 1983. 56-69 pp. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Political theory, Higher education. KEYWORDS: curriculum; University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. 1835 Okitakekumba, Longandjo. "Guerres de résistance paysannes et paix nationale." In: Philosophie africaine: paix, justice, travail: Actes de la lOème Semaine Philosophique de Kinshasa 1986, edited by Faculté de Philosophie. Kinshasa, Zaire: Facultés Catholiques de Kinshasa, 1988.41-55 pp. SUBJECTS: Resistance movement, Political theory, Peasant society. KEYWORDS: Diop, Cheikh Anta; peace studies; Béatrice, Dona. Claims that peasant wars of resistance constitute a veritable strong point in the process of renaturalization and rehumanization of Africans in the reconstruction of African community in diversity. Believes this is a question of the commonization of a certain state vision of African development. 1836 Okojie, Paul. "Africa and poverty." Journal ofAfrican Marxists no. 11 (February 1989): 33-53. tables. SUBJECTS: Poverty, Marxist analysis, Political repression, Class struggle, Debt crisis. KEYWORDS: Paris Club; IMF. Discusses the roots of Africa's subordinate position within the world economy. Maintains that this integration serves to keep the continent in a state of debt and underdevelopment. Promotes the delinking of the continent's economies and the establishment of Marxist-Leninist states as the path to development. 1837 Okoth, P. Godfrey. "OAU: Forces of destabilization." Ufahamu Fall 13, no. 1 (1983): 148-164. SUBJECTS: International relations, Liberation movement, Nationalism, Imperialism, Economic dependency, Pan-Africanism. KEYWORDS: OAU; POLISARIO; Nkrumah, Kwame. 1838 Oladé, Jean Yves. "Franz Josef Strauss et I'Afrique." Peuples noirs; peuples africains 6, no. 35 (September/October 1983): 7-23. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Neocolonialism. KEYWORDS: West Germany-Africa relations; CDU/CSU (Christian Democratic Union/Christian Social Union); Schmidt, Helmut; Strauss, Franz Josef; fascism. 1839 Oleko, Nkombe. "On apprend à danser en imitant le pas d'autrui: l'altérité comme moment de l'identité." Les Nouvelles rationalités africaines 4, no. 13 (January/March 1989): 43-60. SUBJECTS: Social change, Cultural policy, Technological development, Political development, International cooperation. KEYWORDS: cultural imitation. Examines the issue of cultural development and imitation of the West in Africa. Analyzes various development topics and the influences made on them by Western culture. Questions whether the theoretical bases of Western development are appropriate for Africa. 1840 Olorunsola, Victor A., and Dan Mukwezi. "Security and stability implications of ethnicity and religious factors." In: African Security Issues: Sovereignty, Stability and Solidarity, edited by Bruce E. Arlinghaus. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1984. 140-156 pp. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria, Sudan. SUBJECTS: Internal conflict, Ideological conflict, Ethnicity, Religion. KEYWORDS: NCNC (National Council of Nigerian Citizens). 1841 Oluyemi-Kusa, Dayo. "Nkrumah: Materialist theory and idealist practice." In: African Traditional Political Thought and Institutions, edited by John A. A. Ayoade and Adigun A. B. Agbaje. Lagos, Nigeria: Centre for Black and African Arts and Civilization, 1989. 89-98 pp. ALSO COVERS: Ghana. SUBJECTS: Ideologies, Neocolonialism. KEYWORDS: Nkrumah, Kwame; consciencism. A sociohistorical presentation of the development of the philosophy of Nkrumah, with a view to shedding light on the current

AFRICA/General • 1 1 7 problem of neocolonialism. Assesses Nkrumah as one whose greatness is recognized because he tried to do more than was historically possible. 1842 Onwuka, Ralph I. "Beyond Lomé III: Prospects for symmetrical EurAfrican relations." In: Africa in World Politics: Into the 1990s, edited by Ralph I. Onwuka and Timothy M. Shaw. Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan, 1989. 64-86 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International economic relations, Economic interdependence, Raw materials. KEYWORDS: Europe-Africa relations; ACP (African, Caribbean, and Pacific Countries); EEC; STABEX (stabilization of export earnings from commodities); Lomé Convention 1984. Demonstrates that the Lomé Conventions, although introducing novel trade relations between the parties involved, have consolidated the dependence of the ACP countries on the twelve member states of the EEC. Concludes that the realization of an interdependent relationship between the two groups has not happened. 1843 Onwuka, Ralph I. "CMEA-African economic relations." In: Africa in World Politics: Into the 1990s, edited by Ralph I. Onwuka and Timothy M. Shaw. Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan, 1989. 87-98 pp. SUBJECTS: Marxism-Leninism, International economic relations, Industrial relations. KEYWORDS: Council for Mutual Economic Assistance. Examines CMEA-African economic relations in three areas: political, trade, and industrial cooperation. Identifies a pattern of relations and establishes the problems and prospects for a mutually advantageous relationship. 1844 Onwuku, Ralph I. "Illusions of the New International Economic Order." In: The Future of Africa and the New International Economic Order, edited by Ralph I. Onwuku and Olajide Aluko. London: Macmillan, 1986. 1-16 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic development, Foreign trade, Technology transfer, Self-reliance. KEYWORDS: IMF; New International Economic Order; UNCTAD. Analyzes the various obstacles to the emergence of a New International Economic Order. 1845 Opubor, Alfred Esimatemi. "Intercommunication: Creating the global black community." Présence africaine 117/118 (1981): 333340. SUBJECTS: Pan-Africanism, Nationalism, Migration pattern. KEYWORDS: Africa-centered theory. 1846 ORSTOM, ed. Profession, géographie: pratique de la recherche tropicale. Paris: ORSTOM, 1983. 159 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Regional development, Geographical analysis, Rural development, Pastoralism, Land-use policy, Migration, Ecological analysis. KEYWORDS: Fulani people; Yatenga people. 1847 Oruka, H. Odera. "African philosophy: A brief personal history and the current debate." In: Sage Philosophy: Indigenous Thinkers and Modern Debate on African Philosophy, edited by H. Odera Oruka. Leiden, Netherlands: E. J. Brill, 1990.1-27 pp. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Ideologies, Traditional society. KEYWORDS: African philosophy. Presents the development of African philosophical thought in the 1970s and 1980s, limited to sub-Saharan English-speaking Africa. Evaluates the views of various schools of thought that have contributed to the debate on African philosophy. 1848 O r u k a , H. Odera. "Philosophic sagacity in African philosophy." In: Sage Philosophy: Indigenous Thinkers and Modern Debate on African Philosophy, edited by H. Odera Oruka. Leiden, Netherlands: E. J. Brill, 1990. 41-51 pp. SUBJECTS: Traditional society, Ideologies, Literature review. KEYWORDS: Bodunrin, Peter; African philosophy. Examines arguments presented by Peter Bodunrin relative to

philosophic sagacity. Argues for philosophic sagacity, which stands to prove that traditional Africa is not free from philosophic, rational discourses or personalized philosophic activity, as opposed to ethnophilosophy. 1849 Ourso, Meterwa A. "Issues in the use of French and English as media of instruction in sub-Saharan Africa." African Studies Association Papers 29, no. 74 (October/November 1986): 1-15. biblio. SUBJECTS: Cultural identity, Language policy. KEYWORDS: OAU Bureau of Languages. Addresses the issues and motivations involved in using French and English as the mediums of communication in education in subSaharan Africa. 1850 Ovuworie, G. C., E. A. Onibere, and J. O. Asalor, eds. Large Scale Systems in Developing Countries. Lagos, Nigeria: Joja, 1987. 752 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Infrastructure, Water supply, Industrial sector, Social services, Technology, Agricultural research, Public policy. Presents papers from a conference on a variety of topics ranging from construction to agricultural research. Links conference topics together based on a systems approach to the problems of policy formation in developing countries. 1851 Owhotu, Victor. "Borderland 'equilibrium' in Africa: An ethnolinguistic perspective in conflict resolution." In: Borderlands in Africa: A Multidisciplinary and Comparative Focus on Nigeria and West Africa, edited by A. I. Asiwaju and P. O. Adeniyi. Lagos, Nigeria: University of Lagos Press, 1989. 247-257 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Conflict resolution. KEYWORDS: ethnolinguistics. Discusses conflict resolution roles and potentials of ethnolinguistics on the African continent. Assumes that conflict and ineffective communications are causally related. 1852 Owomoyela, Oyekan. "Dissidence and the African writer: Commitment or dependency?" The African Studies Review 24, no. 1 (March 1981): 83-98. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Self-determination, Political opposition, Arts. KEYWORDS: political literature. 1853 Owona, Joseph. "L'Influence du constitutionalisme soviétique en Afrique Noire." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 37, no. 4 (July/December 1983): 740-762. SUBJECTS: Communism, Constitutional development. KEYWORDS: USSRAfrica relations; USSR constitution. 1854 Oyonne, William. "Le 'Rapport MacBride' et les questions qu'il pose en Afrique et sa périphérie." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 219/220 (1984): 106-115. SUBJECTS: International relations, Mass communication. KEYWORDS: MacBride Commission 1980; UNESCO; Reagan, Ronald; core-periphery relations. 1855 Packard, Randall M. Epidemiologists, Social Scientists, and the Structure of Medical Research on AIDS in Africa. Boston, Massachusetts: African Studies Center, Boston University, 1989. 19 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Anthropological analysis, Political economy studies, Malnutrition. KEYWORDS: medical research; AIDS; USAID; needle use; tuberculosis. Explores the early history of Western medical research into tuberculosis in Southern Africa and points to how this research occurred within a medical paradigm that was shaped by preexisting assumptions about African culture and society. Suggests that a similar process has occurred within the Western medical community researching AIDS in Africa. 1856 Panda, Kamalakant. "Neo-colonialism and Africa development strategy." Africa Quarterly 29, no. 1/2(1989): 1-9. SUBJECTS: Development theory, Neocolonialism, Political participation.

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Argues that African paradigms and development models must be used to remove misconceptions that have intruded on the creation of appropriate development strategy. Demands that an African development model provide alternatives to both the Marxist and liberal models of growth. 1857 Panofsky, Hans. "Bibliographic essay: A twenty-five-year perspective." In: African Independence: The First Twenty-five Years, edited by Gwendolen M. Carter and Patrick O'Meara. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1985. 339-354 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography. 1858 Paul, James C. N. "World Bank's agency for the crises in agriculture and rural development in Africa: An introduction to a debate." The African Studies Review 27, no. 4 (December 1984): 1-8. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Food scarcity, Development policy, Self-sufficient economy, Human rights. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; Berg Report 1981; World Bank. 1859 Pearson, James Douglas. International African Bibliography, 1973-1978: Books Articles and Papers in African Studies. London,: Mansell, 1982.343 pp. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Historical analysis, Economic analysis, Political analysis, Geographical analysis. 1860 Pebley, Anne R., and Wariara Mbugua. "Polygyny and fertility in sub-Saharan Africa." In: Reproduction and Social Organization in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Ron J. Lesthaeghe. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, 1989.338-364 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Fertility, Research methodology, Marriage. KEYWORDS: polygyny. Examines the association between polygyny and the fertility of individual women within marriage in sub-Saharan Africa. Assesses the societal-level effects of the association. Focuses on the countries of Senegal, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Cameroon, Kenya, and Lesotho. 1861 Peek, Philip M. "Japanese anthropological research on Africa." The African Studies Review 33, no. 1 (April 1990): 93-131. SUBJECTS: Academic research, Anthropological analysis, International cooperation. KEYWORDS: ILCAA (Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa. Describes the development of African studies in Japan by briefly presenting the major individuals, universities, and institutes that have contributed to the field. Notes the rapid development of Japanese Africanist scholars and their contributions to research and cooperation between Japan and Africa. 1862 Peil, Margaret. Social Science Research Methods: An African handbook. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1982. 234 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Political analysis, Demographic analysis, Research methodology, Project design, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: social science discipline. 1863 Pelissier, René. "Du Kongo à Samora Machel." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines no. 253-254 (February/March 1987): 133-148. biblio. SUBJECTS: Literature review, Bibliography, Colonialism, Political history. KEYWORDS: Lusophone Africa. Presents a selective and commentated bibliography of books and articles in English, Portuguese, Italian, German, Norwegian, and French on Lusophone Africa. Includes works on colonization in Africa and contemporary events in the Portuguese-speaking states of Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Angola, and Mozambique. 1864 P e n o u i l , M a r c , and J e a n - P i e r r e L a c h a u d , eds. Le Développement spontané: les activités informelles en afrique. Paris: A. Pedone, 1985. 303 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Informal sector, Rural-urban relations, Socioeconomic analysis. KEYWORDS: crafts; Yaoundé, Cameroon; Saa region,

Cameroon. 1865 Pérez-Lôpez, René. "Sources on the Cuban involvement in sub-Saharan Africa: A bibliography." In: Cuban Internationalism in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Sergio Diaz-Briquets. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Duquesne University Press, 1989. 154-177 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: International relations, Bibliography. KEYWORDS: Cuba-Africa relations. Contains articles, monographs, and books published both inside and outside Cuba. 1866 Person, Yves. "L'Etat nation en Afrique." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 190/191 (1981): 27-35. SUBJECTS: Nation-state, Colonialism, Government analysis. KEYWORDS: UK-Africarelations; France-Africarelations. 1867 Person, Yves. "Quelques réflexions pour une recherche responsable." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 15, no. 3 (1981): 451-457. SUBJECTS: Academic research, Decolonization, Development theory, Nation-state, Government analysis. KEYWORDS: logic. 1868 Philogene, Bernard J. R. "Utilisation et réglementation des pesticides dans le Tiers Monde: problèmes et perspectives en Afrique." Revue canadienne d'études de développement!Canadian Journal of Development Studies 6, no. 2 (1985): 275-288. biblio. SUBJECTS: Environmental analysis, Agricultural development, Development planning. KEYWORDS: pesticides; chemicals. 1869 Pickford, John, and Susan Ball, eds. Water and Waste Engineering in Africa: Proceedings, 6th WEDC Conference, 24-28 March 1980, at Ahmadu Bello University, Zaira, Nigeria. Leicestershire, UK: WEDC Group, University of Technology, Loughborough, 1981.203 pp. tables. SUBJECTS : Policy recommendation, Sanitation, Water supply. 1870 Plater, Terry Denise. "Elitist enclaves: Preferential development in African cities." African Studies Association Papers 25, no. 89 (November 1982): 1-14. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Togo. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Traditional society, Construction industry, Resource distribution, Rural-urban migration, Urban politics. KEYWORDS: spatial analysis. 1871 Please, Stanley, and K. Y. Amoako. "OAU, ECA and the World Bank: Do they really disagree?" In: Africa in Economic Crisis, edited by John Ravenhill. London: Macmillan, 1986. 127-148 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic integration, Agricultural production, Industrial policy. KEYWORDS: World Bank; ECA; OAU; Berg Report 1981; Lagos Plan of Action 1980. Examines the background to the World Bank's "Accelerated Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Agenda for Action" report and addresses major issues raised by commentators on the report. 1872 Pool, Ian. "Population, alimentation et main-d'oeuvre." In: Population et sociétés en Afrique au sud du Sahara, edited by Dominique Tabutin. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1988. 479-496 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Food production, Employment, Population growth. KEYWORDS: manual labor. Analyzes the relationship between population, food, and manual labor in Africa. Claims that if food production met population needs, the mortality rate would decrease followed by the fertility rate. Extends analysis to the slowing of both rural-to-urban migration and urban growth. 1873 Prah, K. K. "In search of a tradition for social science research in Africa and a vision for the 1990s." Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review 5, no. 1 (January 1989): 30-40. SUBJECTS: Academic research, Ideologies. KEYWORDS: social science dis-

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cipline; OSSREA (Organization for Social Science Research in Eastern Africa). Analyzes African intellectual history. Notes that the weakness of African research is due to lack of funds. Comments on the conflict over ideology and the role of OSSREA in the social sciences. 1874 Preston, T. R., ed. Better Utilization of Crop Residues and By-products in Animal Feeding: Research Guidelines: Proceedings of the FAOIILCA Expert Consultations, 5-9 March 1984, ILCA Headquarters Addis Ababa. Vol. 2 of 2. Rome, Italy: FAO, 1985. 154 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Project design, Appropriate technology, Agricultural research, Technology transfer, Research methodology, Livestock production. KEYWORDS: FAO. 1875 Prothero, R. M. "Population movements and health hazards in tropical Africa." In: Health and Disease in Tropical Africa: Geographical and Medical Viewpoints, edited by Rais Akhtar. London: Harwood, 1987. 83-90 pp. SUBJECTS: Migration, Public health. KEYWORDS: disease. Discusses the impact of population movements on health status. Suggests the need for increased analysis of the problem, which is a growing area of concern due to increased population movements in recent years. 1876 Quaye, Christopher O. Liberation Struggles in International Law. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Temple University Press, 1990. 382 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: National liberation movement, Self-determination, International law, Colonialism. Analyzes the concept of liberation since the end of World War II. Notes the early period of liberation from colonialism and notes the degree to which the period defined the concept of national liberation. Suggests that liberation movements have now expanded into irredentist, secessionist, and government change movements. Notes the role of international law in recognizing legitimate liberation struggles. 1877 Radu, Michael S. "Africa in the 1980s: The end of innocence." In: Africa in the Post-Decolonization Era, edited by Richard E. Bissell and Michael S. Radu. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction, 1984. 229-242 pp. ALSO COVERS: Angola. SUBJECTS: International relations, E c o n o m i c i n t e g r a t i o n , Pan A f r i c a n i s m . KEYWORDS: OAU; UNITA; MPLA; POLISARIO. 1878 Ramchandani, R. R., and Aparajita Biswas. "Some aspects of African dependency model." Africa Quarterly 25, no. 3/4 (1986): 1-8. tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: International economic relations, Dependency theory, Debt crisis. KEYWORDS: Amin, Samir. Describes the manner in which northern trade dominance leads to African underdevelopment, including the isolation of the economic sectors and the dysfunction of forward and backward linkages of industrial bases, and lack of intersectoral interaction with the traditional agricultural sector. 1879 Ratchford, J. Thomas, Barry D. Gold, and Thomas R. Odhiambo. "The role of scientific and engineering societies in development in sub-Saharan Africa." In: African Regional Seminar on the Role of Scientific and Engineering Societies in Development: Report, edited by Denise Weiner. Washington, DC: American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1984. E31-E42 pp. SUBJECTS: Research and development, Scientific research. 1880 Ravenhill, John. "Africa's continuing crises: The elusiveness of development." In: Africa in Economic Crisis, edited by John Ranvenhill. London: Macmillan, 1986. 1-43 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Crisis management, International relations, Agricultural production, Political reform. KEYWORDS: World Bank; Berg Report 1981. Discusses Africa's present economic situation, concluding that it

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represents above all a political crisis. States that without policy reform accompanied by external assistance, there is little hope for alleviation of that crisis. 1881 Ravenhill, John. "The future of EurAfrica." In: Africa Projected: From Recession to Renaissance by the Year 2000? edited by Timothy M. Shaw and Olajide Aluko. London: Macmillan, 1985. 112-130 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic integration, Economic development. KEYWORDS: EEC; Lomé conventions; ACP (African, Caribbean, and Pacific Countries). 1882 Ravenhill, John. "The OAU and economic cooperation: Irresolute resolutions." In: The OAU after Twenty Years, edited by Yassin El-Ayouty and I. William Zartman. New York: Praeger, 1984. 173-192 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic cooperation. KEYWORDS: OAU; Lagos Plan of Action 1980; Monrovia Declaration 1979. 1883 Realini, Xavier. "L'Ethique des romans de Sony Labou Tansi sur la base de deux ouvrages: L'Etat honteux et Les Sept solitudes de Lorsa Lopez" Les Cahiers du CEDAF no. 1/2/3 (March 1987): 100-115. SUBJECTS: Arts, Literature review, Political power. KEYWORDS: African literature; Tansi, Sony Labou; L'Etat honteux; Les Sept solitudes de Lorsa Lopez. Examines two works by Sony Labou Tansi which contain portrayals of the political and social reality of underdevelopment. Discusses Tansi's rejection of the terrifying reality of the "shameful state" and presents his sketch of a new humanistic social order. 1884 Reveyrand, Odile. "Les Associations féminines en Afrique noire: l'exemple de la Casamance (troisième partie)." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines no. 253-254 (February/March 1987): 100-119. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Women's political role, Ethnic politics, Urban politics. KEYWORDS: Casamance Region, Senegal; women's associations. Analyzes the existence of women's associations in the Casamance Region of Senegal. Looks at rural-to-urban migration and the cohesion of ethnic groups based on religious, political, and mutual aid societies. Examines women's associations as a required form of cohesion in the urban environment. 1885 Richards, Paul. "Ecological change and the politics of African land use." The African Studies Review 26, no. 2 (June 1983): 1-72. SUBJECTS: Land-use policy, Ecological analysis, Demographic analysis. KEYWORDS: disease; traditional agriculture. 1886 Richards, Paul. "Ecological change and the politics of African land use." African Studies Association Papers 25, no. 92 (November 1982): 1-115. tables. SUBJECTS: Household economy, Population growth, Marxist analysis, Economic dependency, Labor union. KEYWORDS: modes of production. 1887 Robinson, Pearl T. "Transnational NGO's: A new direction for U.S. policy." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 18, no. 1 (1989): 41-46. SUBJECTS: Foreign aid policy, Nongovernmental organization, Democratization. KEYWORDS: FEDEV (Fédération pour le Développement des Coopératives Féminines); voluntary organizations. Refocuses attention from state-centered development approaches to strategies for strengthening transnational relations. Concerns modalities to support contacts, coalitions, and interactions across state boundaries that involve nongovernmental organizations. 1888 Robson, Peter. "Regional integration and the crisis in SubSaharan Africa." The Journal of Modern African Studies 23, no. 4 (December 1985): 603-622. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic integration, Economic development. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; CEAO; MRU (Mano River Union);

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bique, where people's power was emphasized.

1889 Roitman, Janet L. "The politics of informal markets in subSaharan Africa." The Journal of Modern African Studies 28, no. 4 (December 1990): 671-696. SUBJECTS: Informal sector, Political economy studies, Academic research. Presents an overview of the literature concerning African political economies. Argues that those concerned with politics divorce society from the state, and those concerned with economics neglect politics. Maintains that a new synthesis of the political economy needs to integrate both spheres of analysis.

1897 Rukonkish, Kahang'a. "Solidarité négro-africaine et sens de la justice et de la paix." In: Philosophie africaine: paix, justice, travail. Actes de la lOème Semaine Philosophique de Kinshasa 1986, edited by Faculté de Philosophie. Kinshasa, Zaire: Facultés Catholiques de Kinshasa, 1988.177-183pp. SUBJECTS: Political theory, Traditional religion. KEYWORDS: Bantu people; African philosophy. Discusses the Bantu sense of the absolute in the world according to the human order. Looks at Bantu cosmology, anthropology, and religion, in which the sense of the absolute has been elaborated. Shows how solidarity and ideal comportment contribute to human understanding of peace and justice.

1890 Rondinelli, Dennis A. "Market towns and agriculture in Africa: The role of small urban centers in economic development." African Urban Quarterly 3, no. 1/2 (January/May 1988): 3-10. SUBJECTS: Development policy, Agricultural production, Marketing, Economic aid, Urbanization, Rural-urban relations, Resource distribution. KEYWORDS: market towns. Examines the importance of market towns to overall agricultural development. Recommends that planners allocate of more time and money for market towns. 1891 Ronen, Dov. "The state and democracy in Africa." In: Democracy and Pluralism in Africa, edited by Dov Ronen. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1986. 189-203 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Self-determination, Democracy, Ethnicity, Economic development. KEYWORDS: OAU. Discusses Africa's economic stagnation and failure of democracy, concluding with some thoughts on the future of democracy in Africa. 1892 Rosh, Robert M. "Third World militarization." The Journal of Conflict Resolution 32, no. 4 (1988): 671-698. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, International economic relations, Military budget. Examines the causes of variance in military expenditures as a percentage of gross national product for sixty-three Third World states from 1969 to 1978 by using a pooled time-series analysis. 1893 Rothchild, Donald, and Victor A. Olorunsola. "African public policies on ethnic autonomy and state control." In: State Versus Ethnic Claims: African Policy Dilemmas, edited by Donald Rothchild and Victor A. Olorunsola. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1983. 233-250 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Ethnicity, Ethnic politics, Conflict resolution. 1894 Rothchild, Donald. "Collective demands for improved distributions." In: State Versus Ethnic Claims: African Policy Dilemmas, edited by Donald Rothchild and Victor A. Olorunsola. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1983. 172-198 pp. ALSO COVERS: Kenya, Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Elite analysis, Wealth redistribution, Ethnicity, Government analysis, Policy analysis. KEYWORDS: community brokers. 1895 Rothchild, Donald. "Social incoherence and the mediatory role of the state." In: African Security Issues: Sovereignty, Stability and Solidarity, edited by Bruce E. Arlinghaus. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1984. 99-125 pp. SUBJECTS: State politics, Policy analysis, Monetary exchange. 1896 Rudebeck, Lars. Conditions of People's Development in PostColonial Africa. Uppsala, Sweden: University of Uppsala, 1990. 90 pp. biblio, maps. ALSO COVERS: Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique. S U B J E C T S : National liberation movement, Nationalism, Democracy, National development. KEYWORDS: Mueda District, Mozambique; Kandjadja, Guinea-Bissau; people's power. Focuses on the role of democracy in development and the dynamic between political action and political structures. Addresses the transformation effected by the transition from liberation movement to sovereign state. Explores the cases of Guinea-Bissau and Mozam-

1898 Runov, B. B. "State and strategy for scientific and technological progress." Africa in Soviet Studies (1982): 51-65. SUBJECTS: Economic development, National planning policy, Socialism, Technology, Division of labor. KEYWORDS: Conference on Application of Science and Technology for Development. 1899 Rurihose, Ndeshyo. "La Crise agraire et alimentaire en Afrique subsaharienne." In: Problèmes fonciers et politiques agricoles en Afrique centrale, edited by Lapika Dimomfu. Kinshasa, Zaire: CERDAS, 1988.116-132 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Nutrition, Food scarcity. Addresses the paradox of Africa as resource yet deeply in crisis. Defines the agrarian, land-use, and food crises as the crucial problems in the revalorization of rich and abundant land. Claims that the situation is aggravated by natural and environmental calamities. 1900 Rurihose, Ndeshyo. Le Système d'intégration africaine. Kinshasa, Zaire: Presses Universitaires du Zaire, 1984. 182 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Regional integration, Political theory, Social change, Liberation movement. KEYWORDS: OAU; Revolutionary Government of Angola in Exile. 1901 Russell, Donovan. Signals from Africa: On Development, Education and the Human Condition. Morija, Lesotho: Donovan Russell, 1984. 235 pp. ALSO COVERS: Lesotho. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Education system, Cultural identity. 1902 Rutumbu, Juvénal. "'Apartheids' noirs comme défis pour les églises chrétiennes d'Afrique." Les Nouvelles rationalités africaines 4, no. 13 (January/March 1989): 25-41. SUBJECTS: Apartheid, Christianity, Ethnie conflict, Civil rights. KEYWORDS: ethnoregionalism; African apartheid. Examines the situation of apartheid outside the RSA on the rest of the African continent. Looks at the practice of virtual apartheid between majority and minority ethnic groups of African origin. Questions the moral obligations of the church to intervene on behalf of repressed social groups. 1903 Rwelamira, Medard. "The role of international humanitarian law in internal disturbances and tension situations: Some reflections." The Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa 20, no. 2 (July 1987): 175-189. SUBJECTS: Self-determination, International law, Intervention policy, Internal conflict. KEYWORDS: Geneva Convention 1949; humanitarian aid. Discusses the inadequacies of the Geneva Convention for the Protection of Prisoners of War in dealing with noninternational conflicts. Outlines proposed protocols for dealing with such conflicts. Examines the effectiveness of such protocols and the ability to enforce them in the international arena. 1904 Rwezaura, B. A. "Changing community obligations to the elderly in contemporary Africa." Journal of Social Development in Africa 4, no. 1 (1989): 5-24. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Social welfare system, Traditional society, Family. KEYWORDS: elderly. Analyzes the changing position of elders in the colonial and

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postcolonial periods. States that the changing power relations and economic activities have tended to undermine the position of the elderly in society. Maintains that a comprehensive system of social welfare must be adopted to deal with these changes.

1912 Saul, John S., and Roger Woods. "African peasantries." In: Political Economy of Africa: Selected Readings, edited by Dennis L. Cohen and John Daniel. London: Longman, 1981.112-118 pp. SUBJECTS: Peasant class, Subsistence farming, Colonialism, Capitalism.

1905 Ryan, S. "Explaining ethnic conflict: The neglected international dimension." Review of International Studies 14, no. 3 (1988): 161-177. SUBJECTS: Self-determination, Ethnic conflict, Consociational democracy, International relations, Modernization. Looks at changing attitudes toward the importance of ethnic studies since the 1960s and examines the reasons for neglect of the international dimension in that area.

1913 Sauvant, Karl P. "From economic to socio-cultural emancipation: The historical context of the New International Economic Order and the new international socio-cultural order." ThirdWorld Quarterly 3, no. 1 (January 1981): 48-61. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Nonaligned nation, Models, Decolonization, North-South relations. KEYWORDS: New International Economic Order.

1906 Sadiq Ali, Shanti, and Anirudha Gupta, eds. Africa: Dimensions of the Economic Crisis. London: Oriental University Press, 1987. 245 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Apartheid, Economic dependency, Political instability, Population growth. KEYWORDS: ECOWAS; Lomé conventions; EEC; SADCC; OAU. Offers views by Indian scholars on the African economic crisis, including general perspectives, regional dimensions, and cooperation between India and Africa. Includes some individual country and regional studies and an appendix outlining the Indian response to Africa's economic crisis, 1984-1986. 1907 Sadiq Ali, Shanti. "The international environment." In: Africa: Dimensions of the Economic Crisis, edited by Shanti Sadiq Ali and Anirudha Gupta. London: Oriental University Press, 1987. 20-33 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic dependency, Neocolonialism, Capitalism, Military policy. KEYWORDS: OAU; EEC. Traces the historical origins and implications of Africa's incorporation into the global capitalist system. Explains and identifies various types of external domination that have come to be lumped together under neocolonialism. Defines Africa's militarization as a new form of dependency syndrome. 1908 Sail, Babacar. "Histoire et conscience historique: de la philosophie de l'histoire dans l'oeuvre de Cheikh Anta Diop." Présence africaine no. 149/150 (1989): 283-291. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Academic research, Cultural identity. KEYWORDS: Diop, Cheikh Anta; philosophy. Presents the basic tenets of Diop's claims that the ancient Egyptian population was Negro African in origin. Reviews and summarizes Diop's basic claims and the proofs used to support his claim. 1909 Sallie, Steven. "Economic openness and political repression in the African LDCs." Journal of Third World Studies 6, no. 2 (Fall 1989): 115-134. tables. SUBJECTS: Political repression, Economic analysis, Development theory, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: least developed countries; economic liberalization. Presents a comparative analysis of economic openness and political repression for thirty African LDCs from 1960 to 1972. Contends that economic liberalism and foreign capital penetration correlated with the highest incidence of political repression. 1910 S a r a s s o r o , H y a c i n t h e C a b o g o . "La C o r r u p t i o n et l'enrichissement sans cause en Afrique aujourd'hui." Afrique contemporaine 156, no. 4 (1990): 195-206. SUBJECTS: Corruption, Civil rights, Crime. KEYWORDS: UN. Looks at corruption and illicit enrichment of officials without justification. Examines the present situation and attempts to reduce the incidence of such crime in the interest of society. 1911 Sarfoh, Joseph A. "Mini hydropower for rural development in sub-Saharan Africa." African Studies Association Papers 26, no. 117b (December 1983): 1-20. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Technical assistance, Natural resource management, Human resources development, Energy use. KEYWORDS: urban bias; hydroelectric energy; firewood.

1914 Sauvant, Karl P. 'Transborder data flows and the developing countries." International Organization 37, no. 2 (1983): 359-371. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Mass communication, Development policy. KEYWORDS: computers. 1915 Scheven, Yvette. Bibliographies for African Studies 19701986. London: HansZell, 1988.615 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Rural development, Public health, Education system, Urbanization, Public administration, International relations. A listing of bibliographies related to African studies from 1970 to 1986. Includes government documents bibliographies. 1916 Schoeman, Elna, ed. Portuguese-Speaking Africa, 1900-1979: A Select Bibliography : Volume Four : United Nations Documentation in Portuguese-Speaking Africa. Vol. 4 of 4. Braamfontein, RSA: South African Institute of International Affairs, 1982. 44 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography. KEYWORDS: UN; Lusophone Africa. 1917 Schreiber, Myriam. "Profil historique et social des sociétés africaines traditionnelles: leur conception du fait associatif et les incidences de celui-ci sur l'exercice du pouvoir et le respect de l'individu." In: L'Identité associative en Afrique et la participation des ONG au développement en vue d'un nouvel ordre mondial: Actes du Colloque UAI, 1984, edited by Paul Ghils. Brussels, Belgium: UAI, 1984. 59-64 pp. SUBJECTS: Traditional society, Political power, Women's political role. KEYWORDS: Yoruba people; Akan people; Manden people. 1918 Seeley, J. A. Famine in Africa: A Guide to Bibliographies and Resource Centres. Cambridge, UK: African Studies Centre, University of Cambridge, 1986. 86 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: East Africa, Senegal. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Famine, Foreign aid, Desertification. A bibliography of periodicals indexed by region and subject, and of other bibliographies on famine in Africa. Also lists resource or information centers. 1919 Selassie, Bereket. "World Bank: Power and responsibility in historical perspective." The African Studies Review 27, no. 4 (December 1984): 35-46. SUBJECTS: Economic development, North-South relations. KEYWORDS: World Bank; Reaganomics. 1920 Selmore, Joseph. "Le Retour de la diaspora impossible: faux problème." Peuples noirs; peuples africains 6, no. 34 (July/August 1983): 9-17. SUBJECTS: Ethnie conflict, Pan-Africanism, Ethnicity. 1921 Sesay, Anadu, Olusola Ojo, and Orobola Fasehun. The OAU after Twenty Years. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1984.133 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Decolonization, Economic development, Human rights, International relations. KEYWORDS: OAU; African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights. 1922 Shafer, Michael D. "Undermined: The implications of mineral export dependence for state formation in Africa." Third World Quarterly 8, no. 3 (July 1986): 916-952. tables. SUBJECTS: State formation, Division of labor, Export policy. KEYWORDS: minerals.

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Suggests that the nature of a country's leading economic sector determines its ability to advance within the international division of labor. Concludes that African countries that depend on mineral exports fail to diversify their economies because of the political and social resultants of such dependency. 1923 Shapiro, Sherry, and Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress. Resolved: That United States Foreign Policy Toward One or More African Nations Should Be Significantly Changed: Intercollegiate Debate Topic, 1988-1989. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1988. 152 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Foreign policy, Secondary education, Military aid. KEYWORDS: US-Africa relations. An annotated bibliography of materials relating to the 1988 national high school and college debate topic US foreign policy toward Africa. Covers such topics as US foreign policy, US foreign aid, and military assistance. Suggests numerous information sources, such as databases, organizations, and magazines. 1924 Shaw, Timothy, and 'Sola Ojo. "Africa and the international political system." In: Africa and the International Political System, edited by Timothy Shaw and 'Sola Ojo. Washington, DC: University Press of America, 1982. 1-12 pp. SUBJECTS: Regional integration, International relations, Foreign trade, Economic dependency, Government analysis. KEYWORDS: OAU. 1925 Shaw, Timothy, and Naomi Chazan. "The limits of leadership: Africa in contemporary world politics." International Journal 37, no. 4 (Autumn 1982): 543-554. SUBJECTS: Leadership analysis, Nonaligned nation. KEYWORDS: New International Economic Order; UN First Development Decade; Berg Report 1981; Lagos Plan of Action 1980. Discusses the leadership situation in Africa during the 1980s and compares the quality of leadership in the 1980s with that of the 1970s and 1960s, of the independence era. Draws sharp contrasts with the 1960s, during which African presidents were recognized and acclaimed as leading actors on the world stage. 1926 Shaw, Timothy M., ed. Alternative Futures for Africa. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1982. 365 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic integration, Cooperatives, Development policy. KEYWORDS: ECA; OAU; FAO; ECOWAS. 1927 Shaw, Timothy M. "Beyond neo-colonialism: Varieties of corporatism in Africa." The Journal of Modern African Studies 20, no. 2 (June 1982): 239-261. SUBJECTS: International relations, Class formation, Capitalism. KEYWORDS: corporatism. 1928 Singh, Harjinder. Africa: An Economic and Political Study. Delhi, India: UDH, 1985. 224 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Ethiopia, Zimbabwe. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Agricultural development, Land reform, Labor force, Community development, Armed conflict. KEYWORDS: railway transportation; economic exploitation. 1929 Sinkondo, Marcel-H. "Principe de souveraineté, droit des peuples et sécurité en droit international contemporain (Libres réflexions sur des normes flexibles)." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique no. 802 (January/May 1990): 7-27. SUBJECTS: International law, Territorial sovereignty, National security, Civil rights. KEYWORDS: sovereignty law; African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 1986. Examines the issue of state sovereignty of the African states. Looks at the legal foundations that have allowed African states to exercise their right to sovereignty, security, and humanity. Analyzes law and sovereignty, the rights of different peoples to exist, and the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights.

1930 Smyke, Raymond J. 'Teachers' organizations as NGO's in African development." In: L'Identité associative en Afrique et la participation des ONG au développement en vue d'un nouvel ordre mondial: Actes du Colloque UAI, 1984, edited by Paul Ghils. Brussels, Belgium: UAI, 1984. 310-315 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Nongovernmental organization, Education system, Labor union. KEYWORDS: teacher organizations; UGTAN (Union Générale des Travailleurs de l'Afrique Noire). 1931 Soviet-African Scientific Political Conference, Anatoly Gromyko, Olusegun Obasanjo, and Chuba Okadigbo. For Peace and Social Progress: Materials of the Soviet-African Scientific-Political Conference, Moscow, 13-16 October 1981. Moscow, USSR: General Editorial Board for Foreign Publications, Nauka, 1983. 166 pp. other docs. ALSO COVERS: Angola, Mozambique. SUBJECTS: Socialist revolution, Economic development, Socialism, Agrarian reform. KEYWORDS: USSR-Africa relations. 1932 Spady, James G. "Dr. Cheikh Anta Diop and the background of scholarship on Black interest in Egyptology and Nile Valley civilization." Présence africaine no. 149/150 (1989): 292-312. SUBJECTS: Cultural identity, Historical analysis, Academic research. KEYWORDS: Egypt-Africa relations; Diop, Cheikh Anta. Examines Black scholarly reactions at the Nile Valley conference to the works of Cheikh Anta Diop, which link ancient Egyptian civilization to the rest of Africa. Presents works by other scholars, which relate to the same historical origins of African philosophy and culture. 1933 Staniland, Martin. "Francophone Africa: The enduring French connection." The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 489 (January 1987): 51-62. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic relations, Human rights. KEYWORDS: Francophone Africa; France-Africa relations. Examines French economic and security interests in Africa, as well as the role of Africa in French foreign policy. Considers some of the contradictions in French policy, problems encountered by the socialist government between May 1981 and March 1986, and the longer-term trend toward greater discretion and discrimination in dealing with African states. 1934 STM Study Group on Marketing, Brighton, 1980. The African Market. Amsterdam, Netherlands: International Group of Scientific, Technical, and Medical Publishers, 1981. 81 pp. ALSO COVERS: East Africa, West Africa. SUBJECTS: Marketing, Mass media. KEYWORDS: publishing industry; Francophone Africa. 1935 Stober, H. "The role of the OAU in the struggle for democratization of international economic relation." In: African Studies: Afrika-Studien, edited by Gerhard Brehme and Thea Biittner. Berlin East Germany: Akademie-Verlag, 1983. 229-238 pp. SUBJECTS: International economic relations, Economic integration. KEYWORDS: OAU; EEC. 1936 Stone, Jeffrey C., ed. Africa and the Sea: Proceedings of a Colloquium at the University of Aberdeen, March 1984. Aberdeen, UK: Aberdeen University African Studies Group, 1985. 412 pp. SUBJECTS: International law, Fishing industry, Natural resource management, Food production. KEYWORDS: Law of the Sea Convention 1982. 1937 Stremlan, Carolyn. "NGO coordinating bodies in Africa, Asia, and Latin America." WorldDevelopment 15 (Autumn 1987): 213-225. tables. SUBJECTS: Nongovernmental organization, Technical assistance, Technical training. KEYWORDS: donor agency. Discusses the role of nongovernmental organization coordinating bodies and their functions, including serving as a forum, providing services, facilitating contact between government and such organiza-

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tions, and allocating donor funds to their projects. 1938 Stultz, Newell M. "Bridging the Black-White gulf in Africa." In: Africa in the Post-Decolonization Era, edited by Richard E. Bissell and Michael S. Radu. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction, 1984.101-122 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Federalism, Racial conflict, Consociational democracy. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; multiracialism. 1939 Sudrie, Olivier. "Dépendance alimentaire et urbanisation en Afrique sub-saharienne: une relation controversée." In: Nourrir les villes en Afrique sub-saharienne, edited by N. Bricas, G. Courade, J. Coussy, and Ph. Hugon. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1985. 47-66 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Food production, Urbanization, Economic analysis, Rural-urban relations. KEYWORDS: food imports; FAO. 1940 Sumner, Claude. "La Violence et la non-violence dans la pensée éthiopienne traditionelle et moderne." In: Philosophie africaine: paix, justice, travail. Actes de la lOème Semaine Philosophique de Kinshasa 1986, edited by Faculté de Philosophie. Kinshasa, Zaire: Facultés Catholiques de Kinshasa, 1988.115-126 pp. SUBJECTS: Political theory, Political violence, Nonviolence. KEYWORDS: African philosophy; peace studies; Heywat, Walda. Claims that Ethiopian philosophical literature favors nonviolent methods of conflict resolution. Reaveals historic literature that states that violence should be used only as an exceptional means for repulsing violent oppression. 1941 Tchapeyou, Pierre Leprince. La Planification en Afrique: une étude succincte des grands aspects. Yaounde, Cameroon: Centre d'Education et de Production pour L'Enseignement et la Recherche, 1983. 55 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Development planning, Regional planning policy. 1942 Tchuigoua, Bernard Founou. "Notes sur les implications du Plan d'Action de Lagos sur la problématique de la coopération intraafricaine." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 8, no. 2 (1983): 17-21. other docs. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; COMECON. 1943 Tedajo, J. "Quel plan Marshall pour l'Afrique." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 8, no. 1 (1983): 85-161. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Foreign investment. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; Marshall Plan for European Recovery 1947. 1944 Thisen, J. K. "The EC A and Africa's economic development 1983-2000: A preliminary perspective study." In: African Development: The OAUIECA Plan of Action and Beyond, edited by Ralph I. Onwuka, 'Layi Abegunrin, and Dhanjoo N. Ghista. Lawrenceville, Virginia: Brunswick, 1985. 87-102 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic d e v e l o p m e n t , International relations, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: EC A. 1945 Thurler, Anne-Lise. "Dictateur et peuple: quel pouvoir? Approche semiologique du Pleurer-Rire d'Henri Lopes." Les Cahiers du CEDAFno. 1-3 (March 1987): 119-138. SUBJECTS: Arts, Literature review, Political power. KEYWORDS: African literature; PleurerRire; Lopes, Henri. Looks at the methodological problems associated with understanding the mechanism of power in contemporary African societies through novels. Claims that the novel cannot be perceived as a simple reflection of social and political reality. 1946 Tinbergen, Jan. "The optimum amount of development assistance." In: Towards Economic Recovery in Sub-Saharan Africa: Essays in Honour of Robert Gardiner, edited by James Pickett and Hans Singer. London: Routledge, 1990. 169-177 pp. tables. SUBJECTS:

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Development financing, Wealth redistribution. Addresses the 0.7 percent of the gross national product concept of development aid levels. Suggests some better criteria for the amount of development assistance, such as maximizing world welfare, reducing Western inequality, and doubling the Third World's income in twenty years. 1947 Tirmizi, S. A. I. Indian Sources for African History : Guide to the Sources of the History of Africa and of the Indian Diaspora in the Basin on the Indian Ocean in the National Archives of India. Vol. 1 of 2. Delhi, India: International Writers' Emporium, 1988. 610 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Legal development, Military policy, Agricultural sector, Colonialism, Bibliography. A bibliography of Indian government documents related to the history and affairs of Africa. Spans precolonial time to independence. 1948 Toyo, Eskor. The Prospects of African Development and SelfReliance in the 1990s. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 1989. 41 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: National development, Leadership analysis, Imperialism, Self-reliance. Critiques development efforts during the 1980s, as shaped by bourgeois liberal particularism. Addresses African leadership, the nature of the African crisis, imperialist solutions to the crisis and their lack of success, and real self-reliance (both opportunities for it and previous efforts). 1949 Trouve, José, and C. Bessat. Satisfaction des besoins essentiels et impact de /' organisation économique et sociale: deux études de cas en Afrique. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1981. 75 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Burkina Faso, Burundi. SUBJECTS: Development planning, Economic development, Food production, Health care policy, Traditional society, Basic needs. KEYWORDS: sociology discipline. 1950 Tshikumambila, Nyembwe. "Le Théâtre de Wole Soyinka: une illustration de la 'tigritude.'" Zaïre-Afrique no. 240 (December 1989): 559-569. SUBJECTS: Literature review, Arts, Ideologies. KEYWORDS: tigritude; theater. Examines the political concept of "tigritude" as it opposes and complements the concept of negritude. Confirms a particular representation of the African reality as seen by Soyinka. Examines four Soyinka plays and searches for Soyinka's attitude toward such a reality. 1951 Turshen, Meredeth. "Workers' health in Africa." Review of African Political Economy 36 (1986): 24-29. biblio. SUBJECTS: Labor force, Public health. KEYWORDS: occupational health. Places what is a normally clinical discussion of occupational health in Africa into a context of economic relations. Suggests that Africa's place in the international economic order has a particularly adverse effect on workers' health. 1952 Udo, Reuben K. The Human Geography of Tropical Africa. Exeter, New Hampshire: Heinemann, 1982. 244 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Geographical analysis, Social change, Migration, Urbanization, Economic integration, Manufacturing sector, Political change. 1953 Ukonkwo, Chuka Eze. "Education and the African novel: Perceptions of a culture in crisis." Journal of African Studies 12, no. 2 (Summer 1985): 103-110. SUBJECTS: Education system, Arts, Colonialism, Christianity. KEYWORDS: political literature. 1954 UN Economic and Social Council. Bibliography of African Statistical Publications, 1982-1983. New York: UN Economic and Social Council, 1983.33 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Statistical analysis. KEYWORDS: ECA. 1955 UN Fund for Population Activities. Africa. New York: UN Fund

124 • AFRICA/General for Population Activities, 1981. 54 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Nongovernmental organization, Population density, Economic development, Social development policy, Family planning. 1956 UNCTAD. Maritime Transport Review for Developing Africa 1986: Report. New York: UN, 1988. 41 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJ E C T S : T r a n s p o r t a t i o n system, Economic d e v e l o p m e n t . KEYWORDS: ports; shipping; water transportation. States that there is a close relationship between the existence of shipping services and prospects for economic development in Africa. Discusses the state of Africa's seaborne trade, including its direction, cargo, costs, port development, and international conventions. 1957 UNDP. "The third United Nations development decade, the Monrovia strategy, and the Lagos Plan of Action: ATCDC perspective." AfricaDevelopmentlAfrique et développement 7, no. 1/2(1982): 93-101. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Technology, Self-sufficient economy. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; Monrovia Declaration 1979; UNDP (UN Development Program). 1958 UNESCO. Les Energies nouvelles et renouables dans le développement des populations rurales et dispersées en Afrique: Actes de l'atelier UNESCO de Bujumbura du 13 au 17 décembre 1982. Bujumbura, Burundi: Service des Presses et Publications, 1982.96 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Energy use, Rural development, Appropriate technology, Scientific research. KEYWORDS: renewable energy resources; Morogoro Region, Tanzania; methogenesis. 1959 UNESCO. Violations of Human Rights: Possible Rights of Recourse and Forms of Resistance. Paris: UNESCO, 1984. 236 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Human rights, Economic sanctions, International law. 1960 UNESCO Secretariat, ed. Towards a Reading Society in Africa: Measures for the 80s: Collective Consultation on Follow-up Action in Africa to the WorldCongress onBooks, Yaounde, Cameroon, 6-9 June 1983: Working Document. Paris: UNESCO, 1983. 47 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Education policy, Legislative action, Industrial policy, Technology transfer. KEYWORDS: books. 1961 University of Wisconsin-Madison Libraries and Anne Vandenburgh. Africana Microforms in the University of WisconsinMadison Memorial Library. Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin-Madison Libraries, 1981.77 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, International relations, Economic development, Political theory. 1962 Uya, Okon Edet. "Conceptualizing Afro-American/African relations: Implications for African diaspora studies." In: Global Dimensions of the African Diaspora, edited by Joseph E. Harris. Washington, DC: Howard University Press, 1982. 69-84 pp. SUBJECTS: Sociological analysis, Pan-Africanism, Cultural identity. KEYWORDS: African American-African relations; FESTAC (Festival of African and Black Arts and Culture); African diaspora. 1963 van Binsbergen, W., F. Reyntjens, and G. Hesseling. "Aspects of modern state penetration in Africa." Les Cahiers du CEDAF no. 2/4 (July 1986): 369-400. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Economic development, Legal development, Anthropological analysis, Academic research. KEYWORDS: social science discipline. Examines the impact of African governments in the local community, utilizing anthropological, historical, legal, institutional, developmental, and theoretical perspectives. 1964 Vellas, Pierre. "Les Transports fluviaux et le développement économique de l ' A f r i q u e . " Revue canadienne d'études de développement/Canadian Journal of Development Studies 3, no. 2 (1982): 161-166. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Transporta-

tion system. KEYWORDS: water transportation. 1965 Vengroff, Richard, and Ali Farah. "State intervention and agricultural development in Africa: A cross-national study." The Journal of Modern African Studies 23, no. 1 (March 1985): 75-85. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, State-owned enterprise, Statistical analysis. 1966 Verlet, Martin. "Le Devenir des recherches africaines en Union Soviétique: regards sur l'lnstitut d'Afrique." Afrique contemporaine 153, no. 1 (1990): 67-73. SUBJECTS: Higher education, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: Moscow African Institute; USSR-Africa relations. Examines the establishment, structure, and activities of the Moscow African Institute. Discusses Africanist education in the USSR as well. 1967 Verner, Joel G. "Legislative systems and public policy: A comparative analysis of 78 developing countries." The Journal of Developing Areas 15, no. 2 (January 1981): 275-296. tables. SUBJECTS: Government analysis, Policy analysis, Socioeconomic analysis, Legal system. 1968 Vigand, V. K., and M. A. Kuznetsova. "Development of Africa—two approaches." Africa in Soviet Studies (1989): 70-79. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Development theory, Socialist government. KEYWORDS: New International Economic Order. States that overcoming economic crisis in Africa is not simply a matter of short-term food aid or injections of foreign money. Recommends long-range plans that are based in comprehensive approaches and that demand changes in both the internal and external economic structures. 1969 Vock, Jane. "Demographic theories and women's reproductive labor." In: Patriarchy and Class: African Women in the Home and the Workforce, edited by Sharon B. Stichter and Jane L. Parpart. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1988. 81-96 pp. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Women's studies, Fertility. KEYWORDS: feminism. Provides a discussion of the relevance of feminist theory to theories of demography and vice versa. Outlines the problems that arise when theories of demography are not informed by feminist scholarship. Examines the work of Africanist demographers Joel Gregory, Victor Piché, and John Caldwell, particularly their explanations of fertility patterns and behavior. 1970 wa Kalenga, Malu. Implications énergetiques: de l'exode rural et de I'explosion démographique en Afrique au sud du Sahara. Kinshasa, Zaire: Presses Universitaires, 1985. 183 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Zaire. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Ruralurban migration, Urban growth, Energy use. KEYWORDS: electricity; rural energy needs. 1971 Wallerstein, Immanuel. "The three stages of African involvement in the world economy." In: Political Economy of Contemporary Africa, edited by Peter C. W. Gutkind and Immanuel Wallerstein. Beverly Hills, California: Sage, 1985.35-63 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic integration, Foreign trade, Historical analysis, Colonialism. 1972 Wanjui, J. B. 'Techniques and tests of management." In: Management for Development: Priority Themes in Africa Today, edited by P. Ndegwa, L. P. Mureithi, and R. H. Green. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1987. 123-129 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Management. Discusses the tests and techniques of corporate management as revealed by the analysis of highly successful large corporations. 1973 Ward, Haskell George. African Development

Reconsidered:

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• 125

New Perspectives from the Continent. New York: Phelps-Stokes Institute, 1989. 176 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Foreign aid, Economic analysis, Development policy, Self-reliance. Considers the political and economic situations of Africa, Africa's leadership and government, and the importance of selfreliance. Details the role of outside aid and nongovernmental organizations. Addresses the need to reverse cultural imperialism. Evaluates existing projects.

economy: Nationalization and indigenization in Africa." Comparative Politics 22, no. 4 (July 1990): 401-419. tables. SUBJECTS: Nationalization, Indigenization, Government economic management, Class analysis. Analyzes state-economy relations by defining different types of government economic management. Explores the empirical data on a cross section of African countries. Focuses on the effect of cross-national differences in social structure on state intervention.

1974 Weissgerber, Jean-Michel. "Les Canaques, une chance pour la France." Peuples noirs; peuples africains 8, no. 48 (September/October 1985): 73-96. SUBJECTS: International relations, Liberation movement, Economic development. KEYWORDS: Goblot, Laurent; France-Africa relations; New Caledonia.

1982 Wisard, François. "Le Problème du temps dans L'Etat honteux de Sony Labou Tansi." Les Cahiers du CEDAF no. 1/2/3 (March 1987): 83-99. SUBJECTS: Arts, Literature review, Political power. KEYWORDS: Tansi, Sony Labou; L'Etat honteux', African literature. Reviews Sony Labou Tansi's novel L'Etat honteux. Addresses narrative processes that allow political problems to be posed in works of literature. Questions the text and emphasizes the technical mastery of literature possessed by the author.

1975 Welch, Claude E., Jr. "Military rule, rural perspective, and development administration in Africa." Rural Africana no. 18 (Winter 1984): 17-26. SUBJECTS: Military policy, Military government, Rural population, Development planning. 1976 Whitaker, Jennifer. "Africa beset." Foreign Affairs 62, no. 3 (Spring 1984): 746-776. ALSO COVERS: Angola, Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Drought, Economic development, Development planning, Government analysis. KEYWORDS: IMF; UNITA. Summarizes the political and economic state of the African continent at the end of 1983. Includes a considerable amount of statistical data on the economies of a number of key countries, such as Nigeria and Zimbabwe. Assesses IMF and US government aid programs' effectiveness and focuses on political destabilization of such countries as Chad, Namibia, and Angola. 1977 Whitaker, Jennifer Seymour. How Can Africa Survive? New York: Harper and Row, 1988. 264 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Agricultural sector, Apartheid, Foreign aid, Population growth, Women's rights, Language policy. KEYWORDS: Nkrumah, Kwame. Discusses how social change is essential to economic progress and how such change will inevitably disrupt the order essential to progress. Illustrates in a historical context how African economies got stuck. 1978 Whiteman, Kaye. "Francophonie, culture and development: The experience of the ACCT." In: Economic Development in Africa, edited by Olusola Akinrinade and J. Kurt Barling. London: Pinter, 1987. 174-198 pp. SUBJECTS: Political culture, Economic development, Cultural identity. KEYWORDS: ACCT (Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique); Canada-Africa relations; Francophonie. Looks at the emergence of efforts to merge the notions of culture and development. Using the example of La Francophonie, argues that this link, although only a recent development, has yet to make a considerable impact. 1979 Widenmann, Elizabeth A. "Recent developments in Africana cataloging in the United States (1973-1988)." In: Africana Resources and Collections: Three Decades of Development and Achievement, edited by Julian W. Witherell. Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow, 1989. 39-61 pp. SUBJECTS: Academic research, Bibliography. A narrative based on personal recollections and extensive notes of meetings kept by the author. 1980 Wilson, Ernest J., III. "Contested terrain: A comparative and theoretical reassessment of state-owned enterprise in Africa." The Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics 22, no. 1 (March 1984): 4-27. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Public sector, Policy analysis, Transnational corporations, State-owned enterprise, Private sector. 1981 Wilson, Ernest J., III. "Strategies of state control of the

1983 Witherell, Julian W., ed. Africana Resources and Collections: Three Decades of Development and Achievement. Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow, 1989. 257 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Academic research, Bibliography. KEYWORDS: ASA (African Studies Association); CAMP (Cooperative Africana Microform Project); Library of Congress. A collection of work compiled in honor of Africanist Hans Panofsky. Covers a variety of topics, including several articles on research and documentation. Also includes geography, language, African archives, and bibliographies. 1984 Wodie Vangah, Francis. "La Liberté d'aller et venir dans l'espace francophone: les conventions (bilatérales) entre les états africains." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 44, no. 3 (October/December 1990): 407-412. SUBJECTS: Territorial sovereignty, Civil rights, Regional cooperation. KEYWORDS: Francophone Africa; interstate travel. Examines the freedom to cross interstate borders in international African conventions. Looks at such conventions in terms of individual freedoms and state security in the territiorial exit and return of individuals. 1985 Wolfers, Michael. "The institutional evolution of the OAU." In: The OAU after Twenty Years, edited by Yassin El-Ayouty and I. William Zartman. New York: Praeger, 1984.85-100 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Pan-Africanism. KEYWORDS: OAU; S ADR (Saharan Arab Democratic Republic). 1986 Wolff, Robert A. "Self-determination and the New International Economic Order: Food policies in sub-Saharan Africa." African Studies Association Papers 28, no. 138 (November 1985): 1-25. tables. ALSO COVERS: Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire. SUBJECTS: Selfdetermination, Food production, Political participation, Foreign aid, Economic dependency, Basic needs. KEYWORDS: New International Economic Order. 1987 Wondji, Christophe. "Pour une histoire africaine engagée et responsable." Présence africaine no. 149/150(1989): 331-346. SUBJECTS: Academic research, Historical analysis, Cultural identity. KEYWORDS: Diop, Cheikh Anta. Analyzes and suggests an appropriate methodology for the study of African history based on the research of Cheikh Anta Diop. 1988 Woum, Joseph Marie Bipoun. "L'Etat en Afrique comme objet d'étude: l'idée d'une statologie de situation." Présence africaine 127/128 (1983): 348-363. SUBJECTS: Nation-state, State government, Legal system, Traditional society. 1989 Wright, Derek. "Fanon and Africa: A retrospect." The Journal of Modern African Studies 24, no. 4 (December 1986): 679-689. SUBJECTS: Literature review. KEYWORDS: Fanon, Franz.

126 • AFRICA/General Accuses Fanon of both presenting a distorted picture of the Third World and failing to anticipate the conservative trend already appearing in Africa by the time he wrote The Wretched of the Earth. 1990 Yachir, Faycal. "Propos du Plan de Lagos: sur la science et la technologie." Africa Development/Afrique et développement 7, no. 1/2 (1982): 31-42. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Research and development, Technological development, Agricultural development. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; ADB (African Development Bank). 1991 Yakemtchouk, Romain. "Belgique-Afrique: une recherche belge en Afrique." Afrique contemporaine 122 (July/August 1982): 1-9. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Foreign investment, Research and development. KEYWORDS: ARSOM (Académie Royale des Sciences d'Outre-Mer); Belgium-Africa relations. 1992 Yiman, Arega. "Integrated rural development and the démocratisation of national development in Africa." In: Démocratisation of National Development in Africa, edited by Albert Tévoédjrè. Geneva, Switzerland: International Institute for Labour Studies, 1983. 53-62 pp. SUBJECTS: Democracy, Agricultural development, Regional planning policy, Integrated rural development. 1993 Young, Crawford. "Patterns of social conflict: State, class, and ethnicity."Dœdalus 111, no. 2 (1982): 71-98. SUBJECTS: Liberation movement, Nation-state, Ethnic conflict, Colonialism, Ethnicity. KEYWORDS: cultural pluralism. 1994 Young, Frank W. "Export and urbanization: A comparative study of the province of sub-Saharan Africa." African Urban Quarterly 1, no. 2 (May 1986): 75-85. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Agricultural production, Urban development, Local development, Mining. Discusses two fundamentally contradictory positions that emerge with regard to the relationship between agriculture and mining: that export activities or mining retards economic growth and thus urban development; that export activities enhance economic growth. Argues that an export focus results in the most diversified spatial policies. 1995 Yuhua, Tana. "Structural changes and strategic priorities in African economic development." Ufahamu 18, no. 2 (Spring 1990): 13-31. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Social change, National planning policy. Analyzes the structural change in Africa due to the national economy, social change, and planning. Reviews the effects of structural adjustment. 1996 Zartman, I. William. "The OAU in the African state system: Interaction and evaluation." In: The OAU after Twenty Years, edited by Yassin El-Ayouty and I. William Zartman. New York: Praeger, 1984. 13-43 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: OAU. 1997 Zatzepine, Alexandre. "Quelques réflexions sur la nationalité des personnes dans les républiques francophones d'Afrique et de Madagascar, vingt ans après l'indépendance." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique Vol. 96-97, no. 792 (1986): 482-486. other docs. ALSO COVERS: Madagascar. SUBJECTS: National identity, Cultural identity, Colonialism, Territorial sovereignty. Addresses the problems of nationality and national identity in francophone African countries and Madagascar, after twenty years of independence. Looks at the origins and causes of national and territorial disparities from the arbitrary division of colonialism to the independence era. SEE ALSO 4707, 5821, 5822, 5825, 5831, 5873, 5883, 5886, 5890, 5893, 6124, 6415, 6440, 6441, 6471, 7072, 7073, 7452, 7558, 9012,

9023,9064,9083,9207,11186,11259,11346,13284,14382,14620, 15061,15082,15117,15118,15119,15326,15551,16261.

Health

1998 Agbonifo, Peter O. "The state of health as a reflection of the level of development of a nation." In: Health and Development in Africa, edited by Peter Oberender, Hans Jochen Diesfeld, and Wolfgang Gitter. Frankfurt, West Germany: Peter Lang, 1983. 134145 pp. SUBJECTS: Public health, National development, Health care policy. 1999 Akhtar, Rais, ed. Health and Disease in Tropical Africa: Geographical and Medical Viewpoints. London: Harwood, 1987.520 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Public health, Health care system, Health service, Health care policy. KEYWORDS: disease. Evaluates African health issues from medical, spatial, economic, and cultural perspectives. Uses examples of specific health problems from throughout tropical Africa. 2000 Akoto, Eliwo, and Allan G. Hill. "Morbidité, malnutrition et mortalité des enfants." In: Population et sociétés en Afrique au sud du Sahara, edited by Dominique Tabutin. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1988. 309-334 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Infant mortality, Nutrition, Public health, Sanitation, Family planning. KEYWORDS: disease. Looks at causes of morbidity, malnutrition, and mortality among African children. Addresses factors such as age and education level of parents, disease, and sanitation. Breaks down the greatest factors of child mortality according to age. 2001 Biggar, Robert J. "NIH and Africa: A working relationship in AIDS research." In: AIDS and Associated Cancers in Africa: Second International Symposium, Naples, October 7-9, 1987, edited by G. Giraldo. Basel, Switzerland: Karger, 1988. 329-337 pp. SUBJECTS: Public health, Scientific research, Foreign aid, Health care policy. KEYWORDS: AIDS; NIH (National Institutes of Health); US-Africa relations. Discusses the potential for immunization as a means of controlling AIDS in Africa. Suggests the possibility of cooperative research projects between US and African personnel; notes one such project operating in Zaire. Asserts that all research must involve government monitoring and the free exchange of information. 2002 Bila, Kapita M. Sida en Afrique: maladie et phénomène social. Kinshasa, Zaire: Centre de Vulgarisation Agricole, 1988.85 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Public health, Health education, Health care policy. KEYWORDS: AIDS. Addresses the problem of the AIDS epidemic in Africa. Provides historical and epidemiological analysis as well as information on treatment and prevention of the disease. Looks at its impact on the African population. 2003 Chirimuuta, Richard C., and Rosalind J. Chirimuuta. Aids, Africa and Racism. Bretby, UK: R. C. Chirimuuta, 1987. 160 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Health care policy, Racism, Public health. KEYWORDS: AIDS; WHO. Assesses scientific literature on AIDS in Haiti and Africa. Examines the way research on AIDS in Africa has been presented by the mass media, both in the West and in Africa. Exposes the flawed nature of the evidence and attempts to explode the myth that Africa is at the epicenter of the world AIDS pandemic. 2004 Clumeck, N. "Which lessons can we leam from Africa?" In:

AFRICA/Health

AIDS and Associated Cancers in Africa: Second International Symposium, Naples, October 7-9, 1987, edited by G. Giraldo. Basel, Switzerland: Karger, 1988. 316-321 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Public health, Scientific research, Mortality rate. KEYWORDS: AIDS. Explains the differences between AIDS transmission in the West and in African countries. Examines the related issue of variation in clinical manifestation that occurs between the West and Africa. Notes that heterosexual transmission is most common in Africa and suggests the dangers of further expansion of the epidemic through the entire population. 2005 Cochrane, Susan H., and Samir M. Farid. Fertility in SubSaharan Africa: Analysis and Explanation. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1989. 122 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Fertility, Marriage, Family planning, Socioeconomic analysis. KEYWORDS: breastfeeding; contraception. Analyzes fertility data from ten sub-Saharan African countries. Explores fertility levels and uses determinants and differentials to compare these with similar data from other regions. Concludes that fertility in sub-Saharan Africa is higher than anywhere else in the world. Notes reasons for this high fertility level and points out constraints that have limited further growth. 2006 Cook, Rebecca J., and Bernard M. Dickens. "Abortion laws in African Commonwealth countries." Journal of African Law 25, no. 2 (Autumn 1981):60-79.SUBJECTS: Family planning, Law, Women ' s rights, Health care system. KEYWORDS: abortion. 2007 Cordell, Dennis D., Joel W. Gregory, and Victor Piche. "Social reproduction of health and disease in Africa: A demographic perspective." African Studies Association Papers 26, no. 35 (December 1983): 1-23. tables. SUBJECTS: Health care system, Infant mortality, Ruralurban migration, Bourgeoisie, Unemployment, Food production, Labor force. KEYWORDS: labor intensive. 2008 Coulibaly, Sidiki. "The world fertility survey: Questionnaires and analysis with special reference to Africa." In: Population, Health and Nutrition in the Sahel: Issues in the Welfare of Selected West African Communities, edited by Allan G. Hill. London: KPI, 1985. 341-366 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Fertility, Household analysis, Family planning. KEYWORDS: world fertility survey. 2009 Disaine, Bruno. "Mortalité et développement en Afrique." In: Population et développement en Afrique, edited by Hédi Jemai. Dakar, Senegal: CODESRIA, 1987.69-138pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Mortality rate, Development policy, Population growth, Sanitation. KEYWORDS: FAO. Analyzes the relationship between economic development and the mortality rate in Africa in order to describe the development process. Studies characteristics of mortality in Africa by placing the phenomenon into its sociohistorical context. 2010 Dozon, Jean Pierre. "Ce que valoriser la médecine traditionnelle veut dire." Politique africaine no. 28 (December 1987): 9-20. ALSO COVERS: Benin. SUBJECTS: Health service, Health care policy, Traditional society, Traditional medicine, Health care system. KEYWORDS: WHO; Borgou Département, Benin. Examines African attempts to redefine health care policy through the valorization of traditional medicine and its association with modern medicine. Examines how primary health care policies have shifted since the late 1970s. Looks at how health care is implemented in Benin, specifically in the Borgou Province. 2011 Dunlop, Donald W. "Health care financing: Recent experience in Africa." In: Health and Development in Africa, edited by Peter Oberender, Hans Jochen Diesfeld, and Wolfgang Gitter. Frankfurt, West Germany: Peter Lang, 1983. 113-133 pp. tables. SUBJECTS:

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Health care policy, Economic analysis, Resource distribution, Health service. 2012 Ebéné, R. T. "Health risks to the population of Gezira, Sudan following irrigation of cotton fields." In: Health and Disease in Tropical Africa: Geographical and Medical Viewpoints, edited by Rais Akhtar. Chur, Switzerland: Harwood, 1987. 293-303 pp. tables, maps. S U B J E C T S : Public health, Irrigation, Sanitation. KEYWORDS : schistosomiasis; leishmaniasis disease; malaria; cotton dust lung disease; Gezira, Sudan. Summarizes the development of irrigated cropland in Sudan and analyzes the impact of that growth on health. Notes the increase of diseases such as schistosomiasis due to the increase in suitable habitat for intermediate hosts. Discusses the new occupational health problems arising from cotton dust in ginneries. 2013 Fassin, Didier, and Emile Le Bris. "La Santé, un enjeu politique." Politique africaine no. 26 (June 1987): 2-8. SUBJECTS: Nongovernmental organization, Health care policy, Traditional society, Health care system, Traditional medicine. Examines politics and health from two perspectives. Emphasizes the importance of state institutions, international organizations, and nongovernmental organizations; addresses the sociological implications of policy. Suggests that both perspectives are important to understanding health issues. 2014 Fassin, Didier, and Jean Pierre Dozon. "Les Etats africains à l'épreuve du SIDA." Politique africaine no. 32 (December 1988): 79-85. ALSO COVERS: West Africa. SUBJECTS: Public health, Health care policy, Health care system. KEYWORDS: AIDS; WHO; high-risk group. States that Africa has been called the cradle of AIDS and Africans are now considered high risk. Argues that these labels are detrimental to the goal of understanding and curtailing the disease and have created political and ideological problems. Studies two West African countries and how they reacted to AIDS. 2015 Giraldo, G., E. Beth-Giraldo, N. Clumeck, and Md-R. Gharbi. AIDS and Associated Cancers in Africa: Second International Symposium,Naples, October 7-9,1987. Basel, Switzerland: Karger, 1988. 346 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Public health, Scientific research, Health care policy. KEYWORDS: AIDS. A compilation of papers presented at an international symposium on AIDS in Africa. Focuses on topics such as epidemiology, clinical manifestation, virology, diagnosis, and prevention. Concludes with chapters describing existing and potential forms of international cooperation in fighting AIDS. 2016 Good, C. M. "Community health in tropical Africa: Is medical pluralism a hindrance or a resource?" In: Health and Disease in Tropical Africa: Geographical and Medical Viewpoints, edited by Rais Akhtar. London: Harwood, 1987. 13-50 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Health care policy, Health care system, Traditional medicine. Discusses the existence of multiple sources of medical care from both traditional and modern medical practitioners. Examines the positive and negative aspects of a system of variable treatments for similar ailments. 2017 Good, Charles M. The Community in African Primary Health Care: Strengthening Participation and a Proposed Strategy. Vol. 2. Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellen, 1988. 136 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Ghana. SUBJECTS: Health care policy, Health service, Public health, Traditional medicine. Gives reasons for the inadequacy of primary health care systems in Africa. Analyzes the potential for integrating traditional healers into the official health system as a means of improving health care delivery. Recommends as an example the successful traditional healers' medi-

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cal education program in Ghana. 2018 Green, Reginald Herbold, and Hans Singer. "Sub-Saharan Africa in depression: The impact on the welfare of children." World Development 12, no. 3 (March 1984): 283-285. tables. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria, Zambia. SUBJECTS: Children, Infant mortality, Malnutrition, Education opportunity, Social services, Food production, Basic needs. KEYWORDS: minerals; medical personnel. 2019 Gubry, Patrick. Politiques africaines en matière de fécondité: de nouvelles tendances. Paris: Centre Français sur la Population et le Développement, 1988. 50 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Cameroon. SUBJECTS : Fertility, Family planning, Population policy, Demographic analysis. KEYWORDS: natality. Examines the pro- and anti-natalist debate in Cameroon. Examines fertility trends. Looks at existing legislation, development plans, effective action, and official government declarations on this issue. 2020 Hervouet, Jean Pierre, and Claude Laveissiere. "Les Grandes endémies: l'espace social coupable." Politique africaine no. 28 (December 1987): 21-32. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Health care policy, Public health. KEYWORDS: disease. Examines the effects that two serious tropical diseases have on populations and specifically on rural and agricultural development. 2021 Hill, Allan G. "Population Growth and Rural Transformation in Tropical Africa." In: Rural Transformation in Tropical Africa, edited by Douglas Rimmer. London: Belhaven, 1988.16-35 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Population growth, Fertility, Demographic analysis, Malnutrition, Agrarian reform, Family planning, Marriage. States that we do not fully understand what causes rapid population growth. Asks whether interventions should be aimed at individuals or individual's contexts. Uses the results of demography to assess the role of fertility and mortality in the economic and social transformation of traditional societies. 2022 Hof, H. "Priority of preventive measures for medicine in Africa, with special reference to the role of health legislation." In: Health and Development in Africa, edited by Peter Oberender, Hans Jochen Diesfeld, and Wolfgang Gitter. Frankfurt, West Germany: Peter Lang, 1983. 359-375 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Public health, Legislative action, Health care system. 2023 Hunter, J. M., and M. O. Thomas. "Hypothesis of leprosy, tuberculosis and urbanization in Africa." In: Health and Disease in Tropical Africa: Geographical and Medical Viewpoints, edited by Rais Akhtar. London: Harwood, 1987.91-156 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Public health, Urbanization, Health care policy. KEYWORDS: leprosy; tuberculosis; disease. Examines the hypothesis that leprosy favors areas of abundant warmth and precipitation and is antagonistic toward tuberculosis. Notes the tendency of the incidence of tuberculosis to increase in urban environments and for leprosy to decrease. 2024 J a c o b , Jean-Pierre. "Analyse anthropologique et réalités biologiques. Drépanocytose et SIDA." Genève Afrique! Geneva Africa 28, no. 1 (1990): 147-154. biblio. SUBJECTS: Public health, Traditional medicine. KEYWORDS: AIDS; drepanocytosis; Edlestein, Stuart; Sabatier, Renée. E x a m i n e s Stuart E d e l s t e i n ' s " B i o l o g i e d ' u n mythe. Réincarnation et génétique dans les tropiques africains" and its claims about reincarnation and drepanocytic symptomology in African culture. Examines Renée Sabatier's "Sida. L'épidémie raciste" on AIDS in Africa. 2025 Janzen, John M., and Gwyn Prins, eds. Causality and Classification in African Medicine and Health. Oxford, UK: Pergamon,

1981. 169-437 pp. ALSO COVERS: Zaire, Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Health service, Traditional medicine. 2026 Kapita, Bila M. "AIDS in Africa: Epidemiological data and prevention program." In: AIDS and Associated Cancers in Africa: Second International Symposium, Naples, October 7-9,1987, edited by G. Giraldo. Basel, Switzerland: Karger, 1988. 21-24 pp. SUBJECTS: Public health. KEYWORDS: AIDS. Outline of AIDS data from Africa. Includes epidemiologic, seroprevalence, transmission, and manifestation information specific to Africa. Suggests prevention programs be implemented with Western technical support. 2027 Lee, Kenneth. "Health care in the developing world: The role of economists and economics." In: Health and Development in Africa, edited by Peter Oberender, Hans Jochen Diesfeld, and Wolfgang Gitter. Frankfurt, West Germany: Verlag Peter Lang, 1983. 86-112 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Public health, Economic analysis, Health care policy. 2028 Lesthaeghe, Ron, Camille Vanderhoeft, Samuel Gaisie, and Ghislaine Delaine. "Regional variation in components of child-spacing: The role of women's education." In: Reproduction and Social Organization in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Ron J. Lesthaeghe. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, 1989. 122-166 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Education system, Women's studies, Children, Traditional religion, Fertility, Family planning. KEYWORDS: regional analysis; WFS (World Fertility Survey). Assesses the effect of female education on various fertility components and on their overall balance with respect to child-spacing in sub-Saharan Africa. Asserts that individual schooling reduces breastfeeding and abstinence and enhances contraceptive use-effectiveness in Africa. Asserts that traditional religion in Africa supports traditional methods of spacing but has a negative overall effect on contraception. 2029 Lesthaeghe, Ron. "Social organization, economic crises, and the future of fertility control in Africa." In: Reproduction and Social Organization in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Ron J. Lesthaeghe. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, 1989. 475-505 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic crisis, Fertility, Colonialism, Family planning. KEYWORDS: social organization. Examines the prospects for fertility control in Africa. Discusses the relevancy of the Asian family planning experience to sub-Saharan Africa. 2030 Lesthaeghe, Ron, and Frank Eelens. 'The components of SubSaharan reproductive regimes and their social and cultural determinants: Empirical evidence." In: Reproduction and Social Organization in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Ron J. Lesthaeghe. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, 1989. 60-121 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Sociological analysis, Cultural policy, Research methodology, Fertility, Family planning. KEYWORDS: reproductive regimes; multiple classification analysis; WFS (World Fertility Survey). Tests empirically the various social and cultural dimensions underpinning the sub-Saharan reproductive regimes, using data from the WFS. Asserts that various components of the reproductive regime exhibit different patterns of association with socioeconomic development and aspects of social organization. 2031 MacCormack, C. P. "Anthropological research in African primary health care." In: Rural Transformation in Tropical Africa, edited by Douglas Rimmer. London: Belhaven, 1988. 36-45 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Sierra Leone. SUBJECTS: Health care system, Case study, Public health, Appropriate technology,

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Anthropological analysis, Health care policy. KEYWORDS: medical anthropology. Analyzes the attempt to transform health care in Sierra Leone. Describes social anthropologists' approaches to African health care, their methodology and recommendations.

growth, Public health, Family planning, Nutrition. States that because of the economic crisis, African governments must face population growth squarely. Examines A f r i c a ' s demographic features and its health and nutrition problems. Concludes with recommendations, particularly for US policy.

2032 Massam, B. H. "Selected problems of health care policy making." In: Health and Disease in Tropical Africa: Geographical and Medical Viewpoints, edited by Rais Akhtar. Chur, Switzerland: Harwood, 1987. 157-165 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Health care policy, Health care system, Health service. Discusses problems of health care policymaking in the context of low-density rural areas. Outlines a policy impact matrix to aid in policy decisions and suggests the importance of examining all possibilities before implementing health development projects in Africa.

2039 Schmidt, Nancy J. Reports on AIDS in the African Press: An Annotated Bibliography. Bloomington, Indiana: African Studies Program, Indiana University, 1988. 47 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Health care policy, Health education, Health service, Public health, Bibliography. KEYWORDS: AIDS. A concise bibliography on AIDS reporting in African magazines, newspapers, and journals. Organized by newspapers, countries, and topics.

2033 Miller, Norman, and Richard C. Rockwell, eds. AIDS in Africa: The Social and Policy Impact. Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellen, 1988. 336 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Zaire. SUBJECTS: Health care policy, Health education, Public health. KEYWORDS: AIDS. Examines the epidemiology, history, and management of AIDS in the African context. Discusses issues of public education through the use of a case study from Zaire. Gives large listing of potential resources for research into AIDS issues. 2034 Myers, Charles N„ and Albert E. Henn. "The potential impact of AIDS in Africa." In: Africa in the 1990s and Beyond: U.S. Policy Opportunities and Choices, edited by Robert I. Rotberg. Algonac, Michigan: Reference, 1988. 139-167 pp. SUBJECTS: Public health, Demographic analysis, Foreign policy, Health care policy. KEYWORDS: AIDS; US-Africa relations; HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). Reviews the potential demographic and economic consequences of AIDS in Africa and the foreign policy implications for the US. Recommends that the US strongly support research and aid efforts to combat the disease. Calculates AIDS rates by country. 2035 Oberender, Peter, Hans Jochen Diesfeld, and Wolfgang Gitter, eds. Health and Development in Africa: International Interdisciplinary Symposium, 2-4 June 1982, University of Bayreuth. Frankfurt, West Germany: Peter Lang, 1983.432 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Public health, Economic policy, Resource distribution, National planning policy, Health care policy, Economic analysis. 2036 Page, Hilary J., and Ron Lesthaeghe, eds. Child-spacing in Tropical Africa: Traditions and Change. London: Academic, 1981. 355 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Children, Health care policy, Family planning, Health education. KEYWORDS: maternal health. 2037 Palmer, Valerie S., and Peter S. Spencer. "Health and epidemics in Africa: Lessons from environmentally triggered paralysis." In: Agenda for Action: African-Soviet-U.S. Cooperation, edited by Anatoly A. Gromyko and C. S. Whitaker. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1990. 161-166 pp. SUBJECTS: Environmental analysis, Public health, International cooperation, Health care policy. KEYWORDS: disease; schistosomiasis; endod plant; cassava; grass pea. Examines environmentally induced diseases in Africa that result in paralysis: schistosomiasis, retrovirus-associated paralysis, cassava toxicity, and grass pea toxicity. Recommends international cooperation to attack these deadly diseases. 2038 Sai, Fred T. "Population and health: Africa's most basic resource and development problem." In: Strategies for African Development, edited by Robert J. Berg and Jennifer Seymour Whitaker. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, 1986. 129-152 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Population

2040 Schmidt, Nancy J. Supplement to Reports on AIDS in the African Press: An Annotated Bibliography. Bloomington, Indiana: African Studies Program, Indiana University, 1990. 71 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Côte d'Ivoire, Kenya. SUBJECTS: Mass media, Public health, Bibliography, Health care policy. KEYWORDS: AIDS; print media. An annotated bibliography of articles in African newspapers and newsmagazines, particularly those in Côte d'Ivoire, Kenya, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe. Shows the kind of information on AIDS available to the African public. 2041 Schoenmaeckers, R. "Niveaux et tendances de la fécondité." In: Population et sociétés en Afrique au sud du Sahara, edited by Dominique Tabutin. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1988. 111-139 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Fertility, Population growth, Statistical analysis, Family planning. Looks at fertility levels and tendencies for various African countries. Analyzes the fact that sub-Saharan Africa is the only region in the world where the fertility rate has risen since the late 1960s. Uses statistics, charts, and graphs to explain the regional variability of fertility in six African countries. 2042 Shires, David B. "Poverty and health: Towards self-reliance in health care services." In: Continental Crisis: The Lagos Plan of Action and Africa's Future, edited by David Fashole Luke and Timothy M. Shaw. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1984. 33-41 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Poverty, Health care system, Health care policy, Self-reliance. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980. 2043 Sigal, S. "Eléments pour une nouvelle stratégié de santé dans le Tiers-Monde." In: Comprendre l'économie en Afrique, edited by Frédéric Gagey. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1985.118-123 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Health care system, Infant mortality. KEYWORDS: WHO; public services. 2044 Sindzingre, Nicole, and Gonzague Jourdain. "Le Sida: épidémiologie et anthropologie." Politique africaine no. 28 (December 1987): 33-41. SUBJECTS: Public health, Health care policy, Anthropological analysis. KEYWORDS: AIDS; WHO; Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection; disease. States that AIDS has reached epidemic proportions throughout the world. Examines the severity of AIDS in Africa and the means by which it is transmitted. Explores the measures undertaken against it by various African governments. Assesses the effect that AIDS and AIDS research are having on African cultures. 2045 Sinnette, Calvin. "Meeting human needs: Is U.S. health assistance enough?" TransAfrica Forum 1, no. 3 (Winter 1983): 81-92. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign aid policy, Military budget, Health service, Health care system, Health care policy. 2046 Tabutin, Dominique, ed. Population et sociétés en Afrique au sud du Sahara. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1988.551 pp. biblio, tables, maps.

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SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Fertility, Family planning, Migration, Family, Mortality rate, Health care policy. Looks at ways and means that people deal with social and economic realities in Africa. Examines certain peculiarities in African history, including marriage, migration, fertility, the roles of women, family structure, child spacing, health care, and planning policies, that have contributed to Africa's exceptional population growth. 2047 Tabutin, Dominique. "Réalités démographiques et sociales de l'Afrique d'aujourd'hui et de demain: Une synthèse." In: Population et sociétés en Afrique au sud du Sahara, edited by Dominique Tabutin. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1988. 17-50 pp. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Historical analysis, Fertility, Family planning, Women and development, Marriage. Introduces essays on population and society in sub-Saharan Africa. Presents synopses of subsequent paper topics, which include family planning, population policy, population growth, health care, marriage practices, and women and development in sub-Saharan Africa. 2048 Thebaud, Annie. "Aid games." Review of African Political Economy 36 (1986): 43-50. biblio. SUBJECTS: Nongovernmental organization, Health care system, Health care policy. KEYWORDS: WHO; World Bank; EEC; FAO. Examines the political role of medical aid from nongovernment sources. Suggests that agencies such as the WHO, FAO, World Bank, and EEC have chosen projects that support the power dominance of the countries that largely fund them, arguing for health policies that better conform to Third World needs. 2049 US Center for Disease Control. Family Planning Methods and Practice: Africa. Atlanta, Georgia: Center for Disease Control, US Public Health Service, 1983. 329 pp. tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Public health, Family planning, Health education, Fertility. KEYWORDS: contraception; traditional family planning. 2050 US Congress. House. Subcommittee on Africa. Coping with AIDS in Africa: Three Years into the W.H.O. Program on AIDS: Hearings before the Subcommittee on Africa of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1989.121 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Public health, Health care policy. KEYWORDS: AIDS; WHO. Describes the current status of AIDS in Africa and future rates of infection if the rate of spread remains constant. Outlines plans of action to slow the spread of the disease through public education on safe sexual behavior. Also describes the impact of AIDS care on the rest of the health sector. 2051 Van de Walle, Etienne, and Francine Van de Walle. "Les Pratiques traditionelles et modernes des couples en matière d'espacement ou d'arrêt de la fécondité." In: Population et sociétés en Afrique au sud du Sahara, edited by Dominique Tabutin. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1988. 141-165 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Family planning, Traditional society, Fertility, Women and development. KEYWORDS: child care. Analyzes African women's perceptions of a satisfactory number of children. Presents factors that generally determine such perceptions and the family planning means by which such ideals are carried out. Looks at both traditional and modern contraception methods. 2052 Van Lerberghe, Wim, and Kasa Asila Pangu. "Les Politiques de santé." In: Population et sociétés en Afrique au sud du Sahara, edited by Dominique Tabutin. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1988. 335-367 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Health care policy, Colonialism, Historical analysis, Health care system. KEYWORDS: Alma Ata Conference, 1978. Examines health policies in Africa from colonialism to the present. Discusses the attention given to public health care programs,

including public health care expenses and the gap between rhetoric and reality in health policy. 2053 Waltisperger, Dominique. "Tendances et causes de la mortalité." In: Population et sociétés en Afrique au sud du Sahara, edited by Dominique Tabutin. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1988.279-307 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Mortality rate, Sex role, Public health. KEYWORDS: disease. Looks at the tendencies and causes of mortality in Africa. Compares the division of mortality according to sex and age and seeks to explain these differences. Briefly discusses various deadly diseases and their affects on population. 2054 Willmore, Brigid, and Sunanda Ray, eds. AIDS: An Issue for Every Woman. Harare, Zimbabwe: Women and Aids Support Network, 1990.42 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Zimbabwe. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Health care system, Statistical analysis, Rural population, Public health. KEYWORDS: AIDS; Matabeleland Aids Council; Women and Aids Support Network. Provides a number of different papers presented at the Women and AIDS Support Network Conference in Harare in November 1989. Examines both rural and urban AIDS-related issues and provides statistical data on both groups. Pays particular attention to women's issues in light of the different needs they have. 2055 Wisner, Ben. Power and Need in Africa. London: Earthscan, 1988. 351 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Health care system, Sanitation, Water supply, Rural development, Technological development, Self-reliance, Basic needs. KEYWORDS: UNICEF; community participation. Discusses a needs-based approach to hunger and development in Africa in cooperation with grassroots participation. Advocates using the expertise of the local people in response to their felt needs. Suggests that a strong version of basic needs approach has never really been tried and that it should be implemented. 2056 Wogugu, Manfred O. Social Conditions and Mortality Change in Africa. Legon, Ghana: University of Ghana, 1985. 35 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Mortality rate, Health service, Socioeconomic analysis, Rural population, Income distribution, Integrated rural development. 2057 Wolff, James A., Robert Cushman, Jr., Florida A. Kweekeh, and C. Elizabeth McGrory. Beyond the Clinic Walls: Case Studies in Community-Based Distribution. West Hartford, Connecticut: Kumarian, 1990. 162 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Health service, Family planning, Management, Marketing. KEYWORDS: contraception. Provides a fictional case study based on the real experiences of those initiating community-based distribution programs for contraceptives. Addresses family planning, the management and supervision of projects, and the pricing of birth control. SEE ALSO 11600.

Household and Family

2058 Bashir, I. L. "Issues and concepts in African entrepreneurship: Myths and realities." In: Policy Issues in Small-Scale Industrial Development in Nigeria, edited by I. L. Bashir and Ode Ojowu. Jos, Nigeria: Centre for Development Studies, University of Jos, 1990. 11-23 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Entrepreneurship, Kinship, Family. KEYWORDS: Hausa people. Reviews the literature on African entrepreneurs. Addresses the response of Africans to entrepreneurial opportunities, the effect of

AFRICA/Household and Family • 1 3 1 family ties and cultural values on entrepreneurship, the role of government intervention, the class position of entrepreneurs as compradors. Concludes that Africans are held back by resources, not internal factors. 2059 Berthon, Jean-Luc, Marie-Françoise Cenat, Jean-Loup Dufal, and Lilliane Le Corre. L'Enfant du village en Afrique de l'Ouest. Orléans, France: Centre Régional de Documentation Pédagogique, 1985.177 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Children, Youth issues, Anthropological analysis, Health education. 2060 Bledsoe, Caroline. "Transformation in sub-Saharan African marriage and fertility." The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 510 (July 1990): 115-125. SUBJECTS: Marriage, Fertility, Education level, Family. KEYWORDS: polygyny. Examines changes in African marriage practices, caused by the impact of education and economic recession on marriage relations. Describes new forms of polygyny, formed because of inequity between cowives. States that men sustain the cost of polygyny by marginalizing as outside wives the wives with the poorest education. 2061 Chipeta, Chinyamata. Indigenous Economics: A Cultural Approach. Smithtown, New York: Exposition, 1981. 280 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Resource distribution, Economic development, Family, Smallholder agriculture, Household economy, Agricultural production. 2062 Erny, Pierre. L'Enfant et son milieu en Afrique noire: essais sur l'éducation traditionnelle. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1987. 310 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Family, Traditional society, Informal education, Cultural policy, Children. KEYWORDS: Bambara people; Dogon people; Kongo people. Analyzes the life of the African child in his or her customary surroundings and the educational practices of that society. Looks at several ethnic groups in terms of traditional customary education, family structure, social integration, and the assimilation of values and morals. Also looks at the declining influence of this type of education in the face of Western educational values. 2063 Fainzang, Sylvie, and Odile Journet. La femme de mon mari: etude ethnologique du mariagepolygamique en Afrique et en France. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1988. 172 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Traditional society, Family, Sex role, Sociological analysis, Women's studies, Marriage. KEYWORDS: polygamy. Analyzes the functioning of polygamy, its ideological foundations, and the daily lives of polygamous women from their own perspective. Compares realities observed in Africa with those of immigrants in France in order to evaluate the dynamics of this institution. 2064 Goldman, Noreen, and Anne Pebley. "The demography of polygyny in sub-Saharan Africa." In: Reproduction and Social Organization in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Ron J. Lesthaeghe. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, 1989.212-237 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Marriage, Demographic analysis, Fertility, Family. KEYWORDS: polygyny. Investigates the contributions of age differences between spouses at first marriage and widow remarriage in permitting high levels of polygyny. Examines the ways in which these associations change with different demographic regimes. Describes the demographic conditions that allow polygyny to occur. 2065 Goldschmidt-Clermont, Luisella. Economic Evaluations of Unpaid Household Work: Africa, Asia, Latin America and Oceania. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1987.213 pp. other docs. ALSO COVERS: Botswana, Cameroon. SUBJECTS: Household analysis, Statistical analysis, Women's economic role,

Economic development, Wage policy, Household economy. KEYWORDS: unpaid household labor. States that unpaid household activities affect the survival of women, women's health, and women's availability for labor outside the household. Concludes that national income estimates in the Third World would be increased by 25 to 50 percent if the economic value of unpaid household activities were taken into account. 2066 Gugler, Josef. "Women stay on the farm no more: Changing patterns of rural-urban migration in sub-Saharan Africa." The Journal of Modern African Studies 27, no. 2 (June 1989): 347-352. tables. SUBJECTS: Rural-urban migration, Household analysis, Family, Women's studies. Discusses the reasons behind men's dominance in the urban populations of most African countries. Argues that this has begun to change as employment opportunities have led to longer residence patterns in cities, attracting women as well. 2067 Guyer, Jane I. "Household and community in African studies." The African Studies Review 24, no. 2/3 (June/September 1981): 87138. biblio. ALSO COVERS: West Africa. SUBJECTS: Household analysis, Community development, Gender relations, Research methodology, Family, Marriage, Kinship. KEYWORDS: Hausa people; lineage. 2068 Kaufmann, Georgia, Ron Lesthaeghe, and Dominique Meekers. "Les Caractéristiques et tendances du mariage." In: Population et sociétés en Afrique au sud du Sahara, edited by Dominique Tabutin. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1988. 217-247 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Family, Women and development, Marriage. KEYWORDS: divorce; polygyny. Looks at the characteristics and tendencies of marriage in various African societies. Defines and examines measures and indicators, those including polygyny, marriage ages, divorce, and widowhood. Explains elements of regional differences in marriage practice. 2069 Kayongo-Male, Diane, and Philista Onyango. The Sociology of the African Family. London: Longman, 1984.124 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Family, Marriage, Household economy, Household analysis, Behavioral analysis, Sociological analysis. 2070 Ki-Zerbo, Jacqueline, Neela Ghai, Eleanor R. Fapohunda, and Penda Sidibé Tall. The World of Work and the Protection of the Child: Proceedings of an African Symposium on the World of Work and the Protection of the Child, Yaounde, 12-15 December 1979. Geneva, Switzerland: International Institute for Labour Studies, 1981.143 pp. SUBJECTS: Nongovernmental organization, Children, Health care policy, Education policy, Employment policy, Family. KEYWORDS : female circumcision; child labor. 2071 Kitching, Gavin. "Proto-industrialization and demographic change: A thesis and some possible extrapolations." In: Papers from the Conference on the Family in Africa. London: School of Oriental and African Studies, 1981.1-45 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Population growth, Employment opportunity, Youth issues, Family. KEYWORDS: Levine, David. 2072 Lallemand, Suzanne. La Mangeuse d'âmes: sorcellerie et famille en Afrique noire. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1988. 187 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Togo. SUBJECTS: Family, Traditional religion, Traditional society, Political power, Kinship. KEYWORDS: witchcraft. Presents the dynamic and power relations contained within an extended family in Togo. Reveals the importance of various local powers and the influence of religious life. Emphasizes ancestral divinity and feminine-spirit-possession cults. 2073 Lesthaeghe, Ron, Georgia Kaufmann, and Dominique

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Meekers. "The nuptiality regimes in sub-Saharan Africa." In: Reproduction and Social Organization in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Ron J. Lesthaeghe. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, 1989. 238-337 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Marriage, Demographic analysis, Anthropological analysis, Fertility, Family. KEYWORDS: nuptiality regime; polygyny; WFS (World Fertility Survey). Examines various nuptiality regimes in sub-Saharan Africa, using WFS data. Explores several trends in polygyny and age at marriage in that region. Reviews major anthropological theories on nuptiality. 2074 L o c o h , Thérèse. "Structures familiales et changements sociaux." In: Population et sociétés en Afrique au sud du Sahara, edited by Dominique Tabutin. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1988.441-478 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Family, Social change, Household economy, Migration. Studies African family structures and social change. Questions the fact that although African society is undergoing great change, the fertility rate remains high. Traces high fertility to social factors. Looks at the functioning of the household and the roles of children therein. 2075 Nze, Chukwuemeka B. Aspects ofAfrican Communalism. Onitsha, Nigeria: Veritas, 1989. 74 pp. SUBJECTS: Family, Marriage. KEYWORDS: communalism; Igbo people. Analyzes the concept of communalism in African society. Focuses upon Igbo-African communalism. Touches upon the relationship between African marriage and individual integrity. 2076 Page, Hilary J. "Childrearing versus childbearing: Coresidence of mother and child in Sub-Saharan Africa." In: Reproduction and Social Organization in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Ron J. Lesthaeghe. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, 1989. 401-441 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Children, Demographic analysis, W o m e n ' s studies, Kinship. KEYWORDS: child care; maternity; social organization; nonmaternal residence. Examines the concept of nonmaternal residence in sub-Saharan Africa and its impact on childrearing. Assesses the scope of child migration in this region. 2077 Pison, Gilles. "Polygamie, fécondité et structures familiales." In: Population et sociétés en Afrique au sud du Sahara, edited by Dominique Tabutin. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1988. 249-278 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Fertility, Family, Marriage. KEYWORDS: polygamy. Analyzes polygamy, fertility, and family structures in Africa. Claims that such a high frequency of polygamy is a characteristic of sub-Saharan Africa. Examines the distribution of males to females that affects this frequency, the effect of polygamy on fertility rates, and the differences among polygamous societies. 2078 Regional Meeting on Youth in Africa 1979, Kenya. Youth, Tradition, and Development in Africa. Paris: UNESCO, 1981.146 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Youth issues, Children, Education reform, Employment opportunity, Education policy. 2079 Rwezaura, B. A. 'The changing role of the extended family in providing economic support for an individual in Africa." In: African and Western Legal Systems in Contact, edited by Eckhard Breitinger. Bayreuth, West Germany: Bayreuth University, 1989.57-84 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Family, Women's studies, Children, Traditional society. KEYWORDS: individuals, welfare of. Considers the household community and other larger groups as institutions for the provision of individual economic support within the traditional social and economic system. Emphasizes the presentday vulnerability of traditionally subordinate groups, such as women and children, and the role of the state in their economic welfare.

2080 Schatzberg, Michael G. "The metaphors of father and family." In: The Political Economy of Cameroon, edited by Michael G. Schatzberg and I. William Zartman. New York: Praeger, 1986. 1-19 pp. ALSO COVERS: Cameroon. SUBJECTS: Personalized leadership, Traditional society, Family, Household analysis. KEYWORDS: UNC (Union Nationale Camerounaise); Ahidjo, Ahmadou; morality; fathers. Uses the metaphor of father and family in an analysis of African and, specifically, Cameroonian political life. Claims that the government is using a moral matrix in order to justify its hold on power. Assesses the personalized nature of African leaders.

Human/Civil Rights

2081 "Africa rights monitor." Africa Today 32, no. 1/2 (1985): 91-104. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Human rights, Regional conflict, Political violence, International conflict. KEYWORDS: Amnesty International; UN; World Food Council. 2082 Addo, Michael K. "Political self-determination within the context of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights." Journal of African Law 32, no. 2 (Autumn 1988): 182-193. SUBJECTS: Self-determination, Human rights, Civil rights. KEYWORDS: African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 1983; OAU; UN. Provides a legal examination of the right to self-determination guaranteed by the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights. Gives little attention to the economic aspects of self-determination provided for in the charter. 2083 Aguda, R. Akinola. Human Rights and the Right to Development in Africa. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 1989. 34 pp. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Human rights. KEYWORDS: African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 1983; New International Economic Order; Nigerian Constitution 1979. Full text, with references, of the Founders' Day lecture of the Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 1987. 2084 Ake, Claude. "The African context of human rights." Africa Today 34, no. 1/2 (1987): 5-12. SUBJECTS: International relations, Political repression, Political ideology, Economic development policy, Democracy, Human rights. Compares Western and African concepts of human rights. Discusses the tragic consequences of the world's economic development strategies. Outlines the abandonment of democracy and the political repression that resulted. 2085 Amankwah, Alex. "Constitutions and bills of rights in Third World nations: Issues of form and content." The Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa 21, no. 2 (July 1988): 190-211. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Constitutional development, Social development policy, Human rights, Civil rights. States that traditional freedoms will be taken seriously by government only once people's economic and social expectations have been reasonably met, that the constitution should define the limits within which these interests, rights, claims, needs, and wants will be recognized by law and given effect through legal precepts. 2086 An-Na'im, Abdullahi Ahmed. "Problems of universal cultural legitimacy for human rights." In: Human Rights in Africa: Cross-Cultural Perspectives, edited by Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na'im and Francis M. Deng. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1990. 331-367 pp. SUBJECTS: Human rights, Traditional society, Islam, Civil rights. KEYWORDS: cultural legitimacy. Views culture, broadly defined, as the context within which

AFR IC A/Hum an/Ci vil R i g h t s • 1 3 3 human rights have to be specified and realized. Concludes that human rights standards must be improved, not abandoned.

ment. KEYWORDS: African philosophy; African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 1983; OAU.

2087 Assensoh, A. B. "Justice in Africa: An overview of recent injustice." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 15 (1987): 91-96. SUBJECTS: Repression, Freedom of expression, Censorship, Arts. KEYWORDS: journalism. Discusses the problems faced by African authors in the newspaper, broadcast, and literary fields. Relates experiences of journalists and their detentions in various countries. Discusses governmental methods of intimidation and coercion in dealings with the media.

2095 Dayal, S. "Developing countries and universal and regional approaches to human rights in the light of changing context and perspectives." In: New Perspectives and Conceptions of International Law: An Afro-European Dialogue, edited by K. Ginther and W. Benedek. Vienna, Austria: Springer-Verlag, 1983. 95-111 pp. SUBJECTS: International law, Human rights, Economic development, Nationalism, Armed conflict, Civil rights. KEYWORDS: Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948; African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 1983; OAU.

2088 Balanda, M. L. "African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights." In: New Perspectives and Conceptions of International Law: An Afro-European Dialogue, edited by K. Ginther and W. Benedek. Vienna, Austria: Springer-Verlag, 1983. 134-146 pp. SUBJECTS: International law, Human rights, Civil rights. KEYWORDS: African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 1983; OAU; African philosophy.

2096 de Decker, Henry. "La Déclaration Universelle des Droits de l'Homme quarante ans plus tard: une mise en question africaine et une vision chrétienne." Zaïre-Afrique no. 235 (May 1989): 269-287. SUBJECTS: Human rights, Legislative action, Christianity, Civil rights. KEYWORDS: UN; Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948; African Charter of the Rights of Man and the Citizen; Catholic Church. Considers the original context in which the Universal Declaration came into being and its original application. Examines the principal critiques of the declaration that were made by African leaders. Clarifies how social teaching in the Catholic Church attempts to overtake such critiques according to the church's personalist and communal interpretation of human rights.

2089 Bedjaoui, Mohammed. "The right to development and the Jus Cogens." Lesotho Law Journal!, no. 2 (1986): 93-129. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Human rights, Civil rights, International law, Development theory. KEYWORDS: right to development. Questions the existence of a right to development in a world of limited and unequal resources. Discusses the need for reform in international law in order to codify the right of development. 2090 Bigo, Didier. "Pouvoir politique et appareil judicaire en Afrique au sud du Sahara." Afrique contemporaine 156, no. 4 (1990): 166-175. biblio. SUBJECTS: Judicial system, Political power, Detention, Political prisoners. KEYWORDS: Amnesty International. Looks at the serious problems posed by the question of political justice in Africa. Examines obstacles to political justice including African political homogeneity and separation of the justice system from the executive branch. 2091 Carver, Richard. "Called to account: How African governments investigate human rights violations." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 89, no. 356 (July 1990): 391-415. ALSO COVERS: Ghana, Uganda. SUBJECTS: Human rights, Government regulation, Repression. KEYWORDS: SIB (Special Investigations Board); PNDC (Provisional National Defence Council); NCHR (National Commission on Human Rights). Argues that governments must be asked to investigate abuses so that they can be held accountable for their actions and be provided with disincentives for further abuse. Asserts that safeguards and standards must be adopted to keep investigations honest, such as ensuring the independence of the investigators. 2092 Cervenka, Zdenek. "The effect of militarization on human rights in Africa." In: Emerging Human Rights: The African Political Economy Context, edited by George W. Shepherd, Jr., and Mark O. C. Anikpo. New York: Greenwood, 1990. 129-144 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Human rights. KEYWORDS: African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 1981; militarization. Examines the history of military coups and intervention on the African continent. Assesses Africa's military expenditures and their effect on refugees and human rights. 2093 Cone, Bruce, and Jan Harris, eds. Human Rights in Africa. Wellington, New Zealand: Africa Information Centre, 1983. 113 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Human rights, Civil rights, Women's rights. 2094 D'Sa, Rose M. "Human and people's rights: Distinctive features of the African Charter." Journal of African Law 29, no. 1 (Spring 1985): 72-81. SUBJECTS: Civil rights, Human rights, Legal develop-

2097 Donnelly, Jack. "Human rights and Western liberalism." In: Human Rights in Africa: Cross-Cultural Perspectives, edited by Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na'im and Francis M. Deng. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1990. 31-55 pp. SUBJECTS: Human rights, Liberalism, Civil rights. Shows that the conventional conception of liberalism is analytically inadequate. Claims that liberalism is a more coherent political doctrine when viewed through radical conception. Argues that the broader social democratic conception is morally preferable. 2098 Donnelly, Jack. "Satisfying basic needs in Africa: Human rights, markets and the state." Africa Today 32, no. 1/2 (1985): 7-24. SUBJECTS: Civil rights, Human rights, Basic needs, State intervention, Economic growth policy. 2099 Elaho, Raymond O. "Littérature et politique: l'incarcéré de Yves-Manuel Dogbé." Peuples noirs; peuples africains 4, no. 20 (March/April 1981): 133-147. SUBJECTS: Arts, Literature review, Political repression, Political ideology, Detention. KEYWORDS: exile; fiction; Dogbé, Yves-Manuel. 2100 Eze, Osita. "Human rights issues and violations: The African experience." In: Emerging Human Rights: The African Political Economy Context, edited by George W. Shepherd, Jr., and Mark O. C. Anikpo. New York: Greenwood, 1990. 87-106 pp. SUBJECTS: Human rights, Legal system, Political repression. Discusses the necessity of viewing human rights and their violations beyond the formal arena. Emphasizes the role of the state in its interaction with political and economic factors. Examines conditions in interdependent states and the impact of the global system on human rights performance in Africa. 2101 Eze, Osita C. Human Rights in Africa: Some S elected Problems. New York: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 1984. 314 pp. biblio, other docs. SUBJECTS: Human rights, Colonialism, Selfdetermination, Apartheid, Regional cooperation, Civil rights, Refugees. KEYWORDS: OAU; ECA; UN; Helsinki Accord 1975; African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 1983. 2102 Gonidec, P. F. "Un Espoir pour l'homme et les peuples africains? La charte africaine des droits de l'homme et des droits des

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peuples." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 209/210(1983): 22-40. SUBJECTS: Human rights, Civil rights. KEYWORDS: UN; OAU; African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 1983. 2103 Hendrickson, Joy Mukubwa. "Human rights: Fundamentally for whom?" Nigerian Journal of Political Science 4, no. 1/2 (December 1985): 134-147. SUBJECTS: Human rights, Political theory, Constitutional development, Civil rights. KEYWORDS: Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948; Locke, John; Nigerian Constitution 1979. 2104 Hendrickson, Joy Mukubwa. "Rights in traditional African countries." In: African Traditional Political Thought and Institutions, edited by John A. A. Ayoade and Adigun A. B. Agbaje. Lagos, Nigeria: Centre for Black and African Arts and Civilization, 1989. 19-43 pp. SUBJECTS: Traditional society, Human rights, Ideologies, Civil rights. Discusses types of rights found in traditional African societies and the defense of such rights in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Attempts to clarify whether or not there is an African concept of human rights. 2105 Hendrickson, Joy Mukubwa. "The human rights of Africans." AfricaDevelopmentlAfrique et développement 14, no. 3 (1989): 43-62. SUBJECTS: Human rights, Historical analysis, Independence movement, Constitution, Civil rights. KEYWORDS: abolition; Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948; African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 1981; minority rights. Examines what is meant by human rights—economic, social, individual, or collective. Argues that a "universal" human rights concept must include the ideas of non-Western peoples. Explores the development of the human rights of Africans and the African understanding of human rights. 2106 Howard, Rhoda. Is There an African Concept of Human Rights? Toronto, Ontario, Canada: University of Toronto, 1983. 39 pp. SUBJECTS: Human rights, Traditional society, Civil rights. 2107 Howard, Rhoda E. "Human rights in South Africa versus human rights in Black Africa: An illegitimate comparison." TransAfrica Forum 5, no. 1 (Fall 1987): 39-56. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Apartheid, Human rights, Racism, Civil rights. Discussses the different levels of Arab-African relations after 1967 in terms of aid programs, multilateral joint conferences, and political institutions. 2108 Jeffery, Anthea. "Diplomatic asylum: Its problems and potential as a means of protecting human rights." South African Journal on HumanRights 1, no. 1 (May 1985): 10-30. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Human rights, International law, Diplomatic relations, Civil rights. KEYWORDS: political asylum. 2109 Jouve, Edmond. "La Protection des droits de l'homme et des peuples en Afrique." Afrique contemporaine 131 (July/September 1984): 17-22. SUBJECTS: Human rights. KEYWORDS: OAU; African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 1983. 2110 Jouve, Edmond. "La Protection des droits de l'homme et des peuples en Afrique." Zaïre-Afrique 191 (January 1985): 25-30. SUBJECTS: Human rights. KEYWORDS: OAU; African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 1983. 2111 Kannye, Edward. "The OAU and human rights." In: The OAU after Twenty Years, edited by Yassin El-Ayouty and I. William Zartman. New York: Praeger, 1984.155-172 pp. SUBJECTS: Human rights, International relations, Civil rights. KEYWORDS: OAU;

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 1983. 2112 Kiwanuka, Richard. "Some reflections on the problems of human rights education in Africa." Verfassung und Recht in Ubersee/Law and Politics in Africa, Asia and Latin America 20, no. 1 (1987): 81-97. SUBJECTS: Education opportunity, Civil rights, Human rights, Education policy, Freedom of expression. Deals with the major problems facing human rights education in Africa. Suggests that for African human rights educators not to be irrelevant, they must rededicate themselves to the aspirations of their people, especially in the fields of democracy and development. 2113 Kunig, Philip. "The role of 'peoples' rights' in the African Charter of Human and Peoples' Rights." In: New Perspectives and Conceptions of International Law: An Afro-European Dialogue, edited by K. Ginther and W. Benedek. Vienna, Austria: Springer-Verlag, 1983. 162-169 pp. SUBJECTS: International law, Human rights, Self-determination, Civil rights. KEYWORDS: African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 1983; African philosophy. 2114 Leary, Virginia A. "The effect of Western perspectives on international human rights." In: Human Rights in Africa: Cross-Cultural Perspectives, edited by Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na'im and Francis M. Deng. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1990. 15-30 pp. SUBJECTS: Human rights. KEYWORDS: Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948. Examines Western conceptualizations of human rights and their influence on the development of international human rights standards. Addresses the role played by people of Western cultures in the drafting of those standards. 2115 Luaba-Lumu, Ntumba. "La Charte africaine des droits de l'homme et des peuples." Zaïre-Afrique 163 (April 1982): 197-211. SUBJECTS : Human rights. KEYWORDS : African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 1983. 2116 Mayer, Ann Elizabeth. "Current Muslim thinking on human rights." In: Human Rights in Africa: Cross-Cultural Perspectives, edited by Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na'im and Francis M. Deng. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1990. 133-156 pp. SUBJECTS: Human rights, Islam, Civil rights. KEYWORDS: sharia law; Universal Islamic Declaration of Human Rights 1981. Addresses Muslim attitudes toward human rights by examining some representative Muslim opinions. Discusses the function of Islam as a component of contemporary legal systems. 2117 Mittelman, James H. "Value assumptions and human rights assessment." Africa Today 32, no. 1/2 (1985): 51-59. ALSO COVERS: Mozambique. SUBJECTS: Human rights, Political repression, National liberation movement, Refugees, Marxism-Leninism. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO. 2118 Okoye, Mokwugo. "The African context of human rights: Development, equality and justice." In: Emerging Human Rights: The African Political Economy Context, edited by George W. Shepherd, Jr., and Mark O. C. Anikpo. New York: Greenwood, 1990. 163-180 pp. S U B J E C T S : Human rights, Ideologies, Civil rights. KEYWORDS: justice. Examines the uniqueness of Africa's problems regarding human rights development in the context of the link between the African concept of human rights and the regional or global perspectives that shape human rights implementation on the African continent. 2119 Peter, Chris Maina. Human Rights in Africa: A Comparative Study of the African Human and People's Rights Charter and the New Tanzanian Bill of Rights. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood, 1990. 145 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Human rights, Self-determination, Freedom of expression.

AFRICA/Industry KEYWORDS: Tanzanian Bill of Rights 1988; African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 1986; Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948. Examines the newly enacted bill of rights in the recent amendment to the constitution of Tanzania in light of the provisions of the OAU's African Charter on Human and People's Rights. Analyzes the differences and similarities between the two documents. 2120 Rembe, Nasila S. Africa and Regional Protection of Human Rights: A Study of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights: Its Effectiveness and Impact on the African States. New York: Center for the Study of Human Rights, Columbia University, 1983. 230 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Human rights, Ideologies, Historical analysis, Civil rights, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 1981; UN; OAU. 2121 Shepherd, George W., Jr., and Mark O. C. Anikpo, eds. Emerging Human Rights: The African Political Economy Context. New York: Greenwood Press, 1990. 242 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Human rights, Political economy studies, Underdevelopment, Political violence, R e f u g e e s , W o m e n ' s studies, Self-reliance. KEYWORDS: theology; militarization; African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 1981. Deals with theoretical considerations about emerging human rights from the standpoint of political economy. Includes discussions of refugees, apartheid, people's rights under the African charter, and feminism. 2122 Shepherd, George W., Jr., "Global majority rights: The African context." Africa Today 34, no. 1/2 (1987): 13-26. ALSO COVERS: Ethiopia, Sudan. SUBJECTS: International relations, Underdevelopment, National liberation movement, Political repression, Human rights, Capitalism. Discusses the historical origin of the concept of majority rights. Indicates the struggle for human rights as one of self-determination for control of the state and the economy by a representative of the people. Concludes that the right to choose a national form of production has been violated by the international capitalist system. 2123 Shepherd, George W., Jr. 'Tributary state and 'peoples' rights' in Africa: The Banjul Charter and self-reliance." Africa Today 32, no. 1/2 (1985): 37-50. SUBJECTS: International relations, Self-reliance, Human rights, Refugees, Civil rights. KEYWORDS: UN. 2124 Shivji,IssaG. The Concept ofHuman Rights in A/n'ca. London: CODESRIA, 1989. 126 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Human rights, Ideologies, Imperialism, Self-determination, Nongovernmental organization, Civil rights. KEYWORDS: universalization; political nihilism; philosophy. Explores the concept of human rights in Africa. Reviews and critiques the main debates of the dominant discourse on human rights. Examines the state of struggles on the African continent. 2125 Silk, James. "Traditional culture and the prospects for human rights in Africa." In: Human Rights in Africa: Cross-Cultural Perspectives, edited by Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na'im and Francis M. Deng. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1990. 290-328 pp. SUBJECTS: Human rights, Colonialism, Traditional society, Civil rights. KEYWORDS: Wai, Dunstan; Haile, Minasse; M'Baye, Keba; Asante, S. K. B. Examines the concept of human rights in the context of traditional culture in Africa. Recognizes differences in culture and levels of development. Assesses the literature on human rights in Africa. 2126 US Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. The Human Rights Situation in South Africa, Zaire, the Horn of Africa, and Uganda: Erratum to Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Human Rights and International Relations. Washington, DC: US

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Government Printing Office, 1985. 268 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Human rights, Refugee migration, Civil rights, Ethnic conflict, Racial conflict, Apartheid. KEYWORDS: Banyaruanda people; Tutsi people; Hutu people. 2127 Weinstein, Warren. "Human rights and development in Africa: Dilemmas and options." Dcedalus 112, no. 4 (1983): 171-196. ALSO COVERS: Senegal, Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Human rights, Economic d e v e l o p m e n t , Underdevelopment, Ethnicity, Civil rights. KEYWORDS: institutional development. 2128 Welch, Claude E. "The O.A.U. and human rights: Towards a new definition." The Journal of Modern African Studies 19, no. 3 (September 1981): 401-420. SUBJECTS: International relations, Human rights, Civil rights. KEYWORDS: OAU; African Commission on Human Rights. 2129 Wiseberg, Laurie S., and Laura Reiner, eds. Africa: Human Rights Directory and Bibliography. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Human Rights Internet, Harvard Law School, 1989. 308 pp. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Human rights, Civil rights. Describes the work and publications of organizations concerned with human rights and social justice in Africa. Intended as a resource for networking, research, and policy-making. Focus primarily on nongovernmental organizations, but relevant government offices are included.

Industry

2130 African Energy Policy Research Network, ed. African Energy : Issues in Planning and Practice. London: Zed, 1990. 157 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Energy use, Rural development, Foreign aid, Household analysis, Oil industry. KEYWORDS: AFREPREN (African Energy Policy Research Network); coal; electricity. Contains edited papers from AFREPREN's workshop in Gaberone in 1989 covering a variety of issues related to energy use and development. Covers both macro and micro issues, from hydroelectric dams to substituting ethanol for kerosene in cooking. 2131 Aksyuk, L. N. "The fuel and raw-material potential of Africa and its use." Africa in Soviet Studies (1984): 113-130. tables. SUBJECTS : Economic development, Natural resource management, Energy industry, Oil industry, Capitalism, Foreign trade, Raw materials. KEYWORDS: minerals; energy policy. 2132 Alexandrovskaya, L. I. "Industry." Africa in Soviet Studies (1982): 76-92. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Industrial development, Neocolonialism, Political independence, Foreign capital, Industrialization, Manufacturing sector. KEYWORDS: Lomé conventions. 2133 Anderson, Dennis. The Economics of Afforestation: A Case Study in Africa. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987. 95 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Forestry industry, Environmental degradation, Ecological analysis, Land use policy, Energy use. KEYWORDS: agroforestry; afforestation; fire wood; shelterbelts; Northern Nigeria. Reviews economic and institutional aspects of shelterbelts and farm forestry with special reference to Africa. Discusses why farm forestry practices have so far not been widely adopted in the region. Shows how the ecological benefits of rural afforestation programs can be translated into economic terms. 2134 Bartlett, P. M„ and W. C. J. Van Rensburg. 'Technical,

136 • AF RIC A/Indu s try economic and institutional constraints on the production of minerals from the deep seabed." Acta Jurídica (1986): 69-81. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Mining, Natural resource management, Industrial production, Law. KEYWORDS: deep sea mining. Addresses problems with exploiting the mineral resources held in the seabed in relation to economic and political constraints. Discusses the outlook for the profitability and accessibility of such minerals and the future of the sea mining industry. 2135 Benard, A. "Energy and Africa: Some pointers." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 82, no. 328 (July 1983): 345-349. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria, Zambia. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Energy use, Oil industry, Foreign aid. 2136 Bienefeld, Manfred. "The lessons of Africa's industrial 'failure.'" Institute of Development Studies Bulletin 16, no. 3 (July 1985): 69-77. SUBJECTS: Industrial development, Development theory, Industrial policy. KEYWORDS: Toward Sustained Development in Sub-Saharan Africa report 1984; World Bank. 2137 Brown, Martin. "Price prospects for some leading mineral exports." In: Crisis and Recovery in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Tore Rose. Paris: OECD, 1985. 149-154 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Mining, Raw materials, Price policy. KEYWORDS: minerals. 2138 Buttoud, Gérard. Les Produits forestiers dans l'économie africaine. Paris: ACCT-CILF/Presses Universitaires de France, 1989. 321 pp. tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Forestry industry, International market, Industrial sector. KEYWORDS: Wood; ACCT (Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique); CILF (Conseil International de Langue Française). Examines the importance of wood and forests to Africa's precarious place in the global economic system. Highlights the consequences of fast deforestation for the economic and social life of the rural populations of Africa. 2139 Cambridge, Charles. "Emerging trends in the industrial relations systems of former British colonies: The ratification of international labor conventions." Journal of African Studies 11, no. 3 (Fall 1984): 129-134. other docs. SUBJECTS: Industrial development, Industrial relations, Labor union, International economic system, Labor policy. KEYWORDS: ILO; Anglophone Africa. 2140 Chuta, Enyinna, and S. V. Sethuraman. "Rural industrialisation in Third World development strategies: Benign neglect?" In: Rural Small-Scale Industries and Employment in Africa and Asia, edited by Enyinna Chuta and S. V. Sethuraman. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1984. 1-6 pp. SUBJECTS: Employment opportunity, Rural development, Industrialization, Industrial policy, Development theory. 2141 Chuta, Enyinna, and S. V. Sethuraman. 'Towards a strategy of rural industrialisation: Summary and conclusions." In: Rural SmallScale Industries and Employment in Africa and Asia, e di ted by Enyinna Chuta and S. V. Sethuraman. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1984. 141-156 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic policy, Industrialization, Industrial development, Rural development.

dustry, Mining. Describes the development of water, fertilizer, energy, minerals, and processing, which are essential components to African economic growth. Analyzes the potential wealth of African resources and problems in exploiting them, giving possible solutions. 2144 Delalande, Philippe. "L'Avenir industriel de l'Afrique." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 229/230 (1985): 57-70. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Industrial development, Entrepreneurship, Political instability, Industrial policy. KEYWORDS: SADCC; ECOWAS. 2145 Delalande, Philippe. "La Gestion de l'entreprise industrielle en Afrique francophone: y a-t-il un management africain?" Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 194/195 (1982): 118-124. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Industrial development, Industrial production, Industrialization, Small business. 2146 Dickinson, Harold. "Volta dam: Energy for industry." In: Industry and Accumulation in Africa, edited by Martin Fransman. London: Heinemann, 1982. 345-352 pp. ALSO COVERS: Ghana. SUBJECTS: Energy industry, Industrial development. KEYWORDS: Volta River Project; VALCO (Volta Aluminum Company); hydroelectric energy; Akosombo Dam, Ghana. 2147 ECA. The ECA and Africa's Development, 1983-2008: A Preliminary Perspective Study. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: ECA, 1983. 103 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Energy use, Demographic analysis, Food scarcity, Industrialization, Economic development, Trade policy, Human resources development. KEYWORDS: transport; ECA. 2148 Elkan, Walter. "Energy in rural Africa: An economist's approach." In: Rural Transformation in Rural Africa, edited by Douglas Rimmer. London: Belhaven, 1988. 64-76 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Energy use, Environmental degradation, Household analysis, Industrial sector. KEYWORDS: firewood; kerosene; deforestation. Describes how energy is used in rural African households and industry. Focuses on fuelwood. Expresses pessimism about the chances that alternative energy—such as solar or wind—will solve Africa's problems. 2149 Essenberg, Bert. The Interaction of Industrial Relations and the Political Process in Selected Developing Countries of Africa and Asia: A Comparative Analysis. Geneva, Switzerland: International Institute for Labour Studies, 1985. 69 pp. SUBJECTS: Industrial development, Political analysis, Industrial relations, Labor union, Trade union. 2150 Faber, Mike, Carlos Fortin, and Adrian Hewitt. "EEC mineral policy—some proposals for change in the 1980s." Institute of Development Studies Bulletin 14, no. 3 (1983): 42-49. tables. ALSO COVERS: Zambia, Zaire. SUBJECTS: Mining, Raw materials, Trade relations. KEYWORDS: Lomé Convention 1981; EEC; Sysmin scheme 1981; minerals.

2142 Dangeard, A. L., and A. Papon. "Les Perspectives de l'industrie minière de l'Afrique en développement." In: Comprendre l'économie africaine, edited by Frédéric Gagey. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1985. 361374 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Mining, Industrial development, Export market, Natural resource management.

2151 Fair, Denis. "Electric power in Africa." Africa Insight 17, no. 3 (1987): 167-176. tables. SUBJECTS: Energy industry, Economic growth rate, Energy use. KEYWORDS: electricity; SADCC. Compares electrical power usage among a number of Eastern and Southern African nations. States that the RSA dominates the African subcontinent in terms of electrical power. Argues that political events determine access to electrical power and highlights the development of hydroelectricity as essential.

2143 de Kun, Nicolas. Mineral Economics of Africa. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier, 1987.345 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Natural resource management, Resource distribution, Energy in-

2152 FAO. Proceedings of the FAO Expert Consultation on Fish Technology in Africa. Rome, Italy: FAO, 1989. 348 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Benin, Rwanda. SUBJECTS: Fishing industry,

AFRICA/Industry Technology, Marketing, Industrial sector. A collection of papers on fish handling, processing, and marketing. Addresses such issues as the prevention of storage loss and quality control. Focuses on Kenya, Benin, Ghana, Mozambique, Cameroon, Rwanda, and Mauritania. 2153 F AO. Committee for Inland Fisheries of Africa. Report of the Fourth Session of the Sub-Committee for the Protection and Development of the Fisheries in the Sahelian Zone: Conkary, Guinea, 7-10 May 1990. Rome, Italy: FAO, 1990. 29 pp. SUBJECTS: Fishing industry, Natural resource management, International relations, Industrial sector. KEYWORDS: Sahel. Report on a meeting that included discussions of the status of inland fisheries of the Sahelian zone, traditional and modern fisheries management systems, scientific and technical information exchange systems in the Sahel, and cooperation with international organizations concerned with fisheries in the subregion. 2154 Finchatn, Robin. "Select bibliography." In: Industry and Accumulation in Africa, edited by Martin Fransman. London: Heinemann, 1982. 416-431 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Industrial development, Manufacturing sector. 2155 Frieden, Jeff. "Third World indebted industrialization: International finance and state capitalism in Mexico, Brazil, Algeria, and South Korea." International Organization 35, no. 3 (1981): 407-431. ALSO COVERS: Algeria. SUBJECTS: Debt crisis, Industrialization, Modernization, International finance, Manufacturing sector, Export policy, Elite analysis. KEYWORDS: indebted industrialization. Examines two important developments in the international economic system: the rapid industrialization of many less-developed countries and their increasing indebtedness to private financial institutions. Argues that these developments are rooted in the internationalization of finance and state-capitalist elites. 2156 Gherari, Habib. "L'Accès de la CEE aux zones de pêche des Etats A C P . " Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 43, no. 2 (May/June 1989): 164-181. SUBJECTS: Fishing industry, International economic relations, Commercial sector, Industrial relations. KEYWORDS: ACP (African, Caribbean, and Pacific Countries); EEC. Analyzes fishing accords intended to ensure EEC marine access to the fishing zones of ACP states. Examines the juridical techniques used to define the modalities and the conditions for access. 2157 Haggblade, Steve. "Home vs. factory brewing: The impact of shifting markets shares in Africa's indigenous beer industry." African Studies Association Papers 28, no. 47 (November 1985): 1-23. tables. ALSO COVERS: Botswana. SUBJECTS: Industrial development, Employment, Income distribution, Women's studies, Industrial production, Export policy, Women's economic role. KEYWORDS: beer; traditional industry. 2158 Haggblade, Steve. "Vertical considerations in choice-of-technique studies: Evidence from Africa's indigenous beer industry." Economic Development and Cultural Change 35, no. 4 (July 1987): 723-742. tables. ALSO COVERS: Botswana. SUBJECTS: Employment, Technology, Industrial production, Industrial policy. KEYWORDS: traditional industry; factor substitution; labor-intensive; beer. Presents empirical evidence of the technical options available in one of Africa's major cottage industries—the indigenous beer industry. Evaluates prospects for efficient factor substitution in that industry and tackles the compromising vertical questions skirted by much of the previous work on the subject. 2159 Hawkins, A. M. "Can Africa industrialize?" In: Strategies for African Development, edited by Robert J. Berg and Jennifer Seymour

• 137

Whitaker. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, 1986.279-307 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Industrialization, Industrial policy, Entrepreneurship, Foreign investment, Import substitution, Labor force. Argues that industry is unlikely to become a self-propelling and leading economic sector in countries that lack threshold levels of per capita income or that have a weak agrarian base. Analyzes the sources of industrial growth and the three options of import substitution, export orientation, or agriculture demand-led growth. 2160 INADES, ed. Experiences d'utilisation de la technologie appropriée en Afrique: Bilbliographie commentée. Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: INADES-documentation, 1985. 33 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Appropriate technology, Women and development, Fishing industry, Agricultural production, Energy use. KEYWORDS: artisans; biogas; INADES (Institut Africain pour le Développement Economique et Social). 2161 Johnson, Willard R., and Ernest J. Wilson. "Oil crises and African economies: Oil wave on a tidal flood of industrial price inflation."Dœdalus 111, no. 2 (1982): 211-241. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, International relations, Energy industry, Development theory, Oil industry. KEYWORDS: OPEC. 2162 Jorlin, Yves. "Les Perspectives de développement et de l'industrie sidérurgique en Afrique." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 8, no. 4 (1983): 5-14. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Industrialization, Import policy, Industrial sector. KEYWORDS: steel. 2163 Juneja, J. S. "Industrial development strategy for Africa in the context of Africa's priority program for economic recovery." Africa Quarterly 25, no. 1/2 (1986): 13-29. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Food policy, Industrialization, Industrial development, Development planning. KEYWORDS: SADCC; National Small Industries Corporation; SACU (Southern African Customs Union). Summarizes African development priorities and lists probable factors in the slow growth of the industrial sector. Favors support for small industries with regard to employment, income distribution, decentralization, use of resources, suitability for consumer goods, and linkages with agriculture. 2164 Kamarck, Andrew M. "Resources of tropical Africa." Dœdalus 111, no. 2 (1982): 149-163. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Agrarian economy, Oil industry, Energy industry, Natural resource management, Technology. KEYWORDS: minerals; copper; iron. 2165 Kemp, Alexander. "The political economy of petroleum exploitation in Africa." In: Africa and the Sea: Proceedings of a Colloquium at the University of Aberdeen, March 1984, edited by Jeffrey C. Stone. Aberdeen, UK: Aberdeen University African Studies Group, 1985.258-282 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Natural resource management, Energy industry, Industrial development, Oil industry, Political economy studies. 2166 Kerkhof, Paul. Agroforestry in Africa: A Survey of Project Experience. London: Panos Institute, 1990. 216 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Project design, Forestry industry, Economic development, Industrial policy. KEYWORDS: afforestation; agroforestry; animal traction. Presents a survey of the experiences of twenty-one projects in eleven African countries. Summarizes the overall lessons that have emerged to date. Draws on these projects to illustrate and discuss key elements in the design and running of projects in general. 2167 Khennas, Smail. "L'Energie en Afrique et le Plan d'Action de

138

• AFRICA/Industry

Lagos." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 7, no. 1/2 (1982): 102-124. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Energy use, Energy industry. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980.

North Africa, Congo. SUBJECTS: Industrial development, Raw materials, Mining, International cooperation. KEYWORDS: minerals.

2168 Kiggundu, Suleiman I. "Resources, scarcity, and development priorities in sub-Saharan Africa." In: Interdependence in a World of Unequals: African-Arab-OECD Economic Cooperation for Development, edited by Dunstan M. Wai. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1982. 75-100 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Natural resource management, Agricultural sector, Energy industry, Mining, Economic cooperation, Development policy. KEYWORDS: OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development).

2176 McKim, Wayne. "Development: Frequent failures forever?" African Studies Association Papers 25, no. 58 (November 1982): 1-13. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Income inequality, Foreign aid, Agricultural production, Oil industry, Development theory, Raw materials, Export economy. KEYWORDS: exchange rate.

2169 Kimani, George. "Industry in Africa: International co-operation in the implementation of the Industrial Development Decade for Africa." In: Lagos Plan of Action and Africa's Future Economic Relations: Conference Proceedings, edited by ECA-Dalhousie Conference. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada: ECA-Dalhousie Conference, 1984. 1-53 pp. SUBJECTS: Industrial development, International cooperation, Regional development, Industrialization. KEYWORDS: Industrial Development Decade for Africa; Lagos Plan of Action 1980. 2170 Kolodziej, Tadeusz. "La Décennie du développement industriel de l'Afrique." Zaïre-Afrique 221 (January 1988): 21-38. tables. SUBJECTS: Underdevelopment, Industrial development, Industrialization. KEYWORDS: OAU Decade of Industrialization 1970-1980; Monrovia Declaration 1979; Lagos Plan of Action 1980. States that African nations are still in a lower stage of development than the rest of the world. Examines proposals put forth by African governments to address the question of underdevelopment. Explores the "decade of industrialization" program. 2171 Lewa, Ndongala Tali. "Ambiance industrielle africaine." ZaïreAfrique 225 (May 1988): 263-300. SUBJECTS: Private sector, Industrial development, Urbanization, Industrialization, State-owned enterprise, Import substitution, Foreign investment. Describes the importance of industrialization to African development. Provides an economic, social, and cultural overview of industrial development. Examines the relations between African nations and Western private investors. 2172 Libby, Ronald T., and James H. Cobbe. "Regime change in Third World extractive industries: A critique." International Organization 35, no. 4 (1981): 725-744. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Nationalization, Mining, Statistical analysis, Transnational corporations, Industrial sector. 2173 Libération-Afrique. "Les Particules de Giscard: l'uranium africain." In: La France contre l'Afrique, edited by François Maspero. Paris: F. Maspero, 1981. 139-155 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Nuclear energy, International relations, Mining. KEYWORDS: uranium; energy policy; Giscard d'Estaing, Valéry. 2174 Liedholm, Carl, and Donald C. Mead. "Small-scale industry." In: Strategies for African Development, edited by Robert J. Berg and Jennifer Seymour Whitaker. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, 1986. 308-330 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Industrial sector, Labor force, Industrial policy. KEYWORDS: small-scale industry. Aims to fill the knowledge gap by setting forth what is known about small-scale industries in sub-Saharan Africa and the implications of those findings for policies and programs. 2175 Lopatov, V. "Cooperation in the survey and development of mineral resources." In: The USSR and Africa, edited by Anatoly Gromyko. Moscow, USSR: Social Sciences Today Editorial Board, USSR Academy of Sciences, 1983. 131-149 pp. ALSO COVERS:

2177 Meier, Gerald M., William F. Steel, and Richard J. Caroli. Industrial Adjustment in Sub-Saharan Africa. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989. 293 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Industrialization, Manufacturing sector, Industrial policy, Reform. KEYWORDS: World Bank; small-scale industry. Concerned with economic strategies, experiences, and reforms. Focuses on policies the government can control rather than on unfavorable international economic trends and other events. Examines the central issues that policymakers need to address in designing industrial strategy. 2178 Montasser, Essam. "Développement économique et demande d'énergie de l'Afrique: le scénario du plan de Lagos." Ethiopiques 1, no. 2 (1983): 7-36. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Energy use, Development planning, Energy industry. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; hydroelectric energy; fire wood; energy policy. 2179 Mytelka, Lynn Krieger. "The unfulfilled promise of African industrialization." The African Studies Review 32, no. 3 (November 1989): 77-137. tables. SUBJECTS: Industrial development, Technology, Capital accumulation, Balance of payments, Industrial development. KEYWORDS: UNCTAD. Searches for solutions to the problems that have restricted, and continue to restrict, industrial development in sub-Saharan Africa. Notes that the mass production model of development is insufficient by itself, as Africa requires a rehabilitation in development thinking. Suggests that a greater dependence on indigenous technological capacity is needed. 2180 Nixson, Frederick. 'The crisis of industrial accumulation in Africa: An overview." In: World Recession and the Food Crisis in Africa, edited by Peter Lawrence. London: James Currey, 1986.29-39 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Industrial development, Economic analysis, Capital accumulation, Industrialization, Statistical analysis. Summarizes industrialization trends in sub-Saharan Africa between 1960 and 1985. Examines theories that attempt to explain Africa's lack of industrialization. Discusses the complexity of building theories into economic structures. 2181 Nixson, Fred. "Import-substituting industrialization." In: Industry and Accumulation in Africa, edited by Martin Fransman. London: Heinemann, 1982. 38-57 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Development policy, Balance of payments, Industrial policy, Import substitution, Industrialization, Technology. 2182 Philipe, Jean. Politiques industrielles et problèmes de l'industrialisation nigériane. Talence, France: Centre d'Etude d'Afrique Noire, 1985. 30 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Industrial policy, Industrialization, Oil industry, Foreign investment. 2183 Platteau, Jean-Philippe. "Etat, marché et pêcheurs marins artisanaux en Afrique francophone et lusophone." Afrique contemporaine 154, no. 2 (1990): 3-34. SUBJECTS: Economic policy, Fishing industry, Industrial policy. KEYWORDS: Francophone Africa; Lusophone Africa. Looks at small-scale fishing as a potentially important area of development for Africa nations. Claims that the state and the market should play important roles in providing fishing communities with

AFRICA/Industry sufficient access to fishing resources. Identifies main source of obstacles and potential growth. 2184 Rajana, Cecil. "Third World industrialization: Industrial cooperation under the Lomé Convention." Journal of African Studies 10, no. 2 (Summer 1983): 30-49. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic d e v e l o p m e n t , Industrial d e v e l o p m e n t , Industrial policy. KEYWORDS: World Bank; EEC; ACP (African, Caribbean, and Pacific Countries). 2185 Riddell, Roger C., ed. Manufacturing Africa: Performance and Prospects of Seven Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. London: James Currey, 1990. 419 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Manufacturing sector, Economic development, Case study, Industrialization. Presents case studies of ten sub-Saharan African countries and their manufacturing sectors. Introduces these case studies with a section on the role and place of manufacturing in African development. Case studies are written by separate authors working independently. Concludes that African manufacturing requires a combination of import substitution and export-oriented World Bank policies. 2186 Samuelson, William F. "Dividing coastal waters." The Journal of Conflict Resolution 29, no. 1 (1985): 83-111. tables. ALSO COVERS: Libya, Tunisia. SUBJECTS: International relations, Border conflict, Fishing industry, Oil industry. KEYWORDS: maritime analysis. 2187 Shafer, Michael. "Capturing the mineral multinationals: Advantage or disadvantage?" International Organization 37, no. 1 (1983): 93-120. ALSO COVERS: Zaire, Zambia. SUBJECTS: Development planning, Transnational corporations, Raw materials, Nationalization, Economic dependency, Mining. KEYWORDS: minerals; copper. 2188 Sklar, Richard L., and Geoffrey Bergen. "Mineral industries and development in sub-Saharan Africa." In: Agenda for Action: African-Soviet-U.S. Cooperation, edited by Anatoly A. Gromyko and C. S. Whitaker. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1990.111-120 pp. SUBJECTS: Industrial development, Mining, International cooperation, Development theory. KEYWORDS: minerals; US-USSR relations. Notes that most African countries with minerals have done worse than countries without. Describes explanations for this poor development as rising from internal and external emphases, but choses to use a blend of both types of explanation. Analyzes why Botswana is an exception to this poor development trend. 2189 Thomas, D. Babatunde. "Industry and technology in Africa and international cooperation." In: Lagos Plan of Action and Africa's Future Economic Relations: Conference Proceedings, edited by EC ADalhousie Conference. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada: ECA-Dalhousie Conference, 1984. 1-21 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International cooperation, Industrial development, Technology transfer, Industrial policy, Regional development. 2190 Tiberghien, R. "Perspective de développement de l'industrie des biens d'équipement en Afrique sub-saharienne." In: Comprendre Véconomie africaine, edited by Frédéric Gagey. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1985.321-333 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Industrial development, Export market, Technology transfer, Economic cooperation, International economic relations, Industrial policy. KEYWORDS: CTI (Coopération Technologique et Industrielle). 2191 Trouve, J. Rural Industrialisation in French-speaking Black Africa: Policies, Achievements and Problems. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1981. 41 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Mali, Cameroon. SUBJECTS: Industrialization, Employment,

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Foreign exchange, Rural planning policy, Export economy, Infrastructure, Industrial development. KEYWORDS: Francophone Africa; small-scale industry. 2192 Udokang, Okon. "The energy question and Africa's role in a NIEO." In: The Future of Africa and the New International Economic Order, edited by Ralph I. Onwuku and Olajide Aluko. London: Macmillan, 1986.165-186 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Energy industry, Energy use, Budget policy, Debt financing. KEYWORDS: UN; energy policy; OPEC; New International Economic Order. Assesses Africa's production and consumption of energy, which play key roles in its development. 2193 UN Industrial Development Organization. A Programme for the Industrial Development Decade for Africa: Initial Integrated Industrial Promotion Programme at the Subregional Level. Vienna, Austria: UNIDO, 1985. 230 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Industrial development, Regional cooperation, Project design, Construction industry, Food production. KEYWORDS : textiles; chemicals; metallurgical industry; engineering. 2194 UN Industrial Development Organization. Fourth General Conference of UNIDO, Vienna, Austria, 2-18 August 1984: The Industrial Development Decade for Africa: Review of Progress, and Proposals on Ways and Means to Attain Its Objectives. New York: UNIDO, 1984. 23 pp. SUBJECTS: Industrial sector, Economic development, Industrial development, Industrial policy, Project design, Development theory, Technological development. 2195 UNESCO. Employment-oriented National Youth Programmes in Africa: Situation, Problems and Prospects. Paris: UNESCO, 1982. 61 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Industrial sector, Industrial development, Project design, Economic development, Development planning, Youth issues, Economic planning. 2196 UNESCO, ed. Les Sources d'énergies alternatives dans le développement des populations rurales et dispersées en Afrique : actes de l'atelier UNESCO de Bujumbura du 13 au 17 décembre. Bujumbura, Burundi: Le Service des Presses et Publications, 1982. 96 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Energy industry, Energy use, Appropriate technology, Research and development. KEYWORDS: alternative energy; methanogenese; hydroelectric energy; firewood; solar energy. 2197 UNIDO. Profiles of Key Branches of Agro-Industries in Africa. New York: UNIDO, 1990. 45 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Angola, Liberia. SUBJECTS: Industrial development, Agricultural production, Manufacturing sector. KEYWORDS: agroindustry. Determines major problems in African agroindustry and the potential for recovery. Addresses meat and fish processing as well as fruit, vegetable, animal feed, and wood processing. Considers vegetable oil milling. Examines markets, the spatial distribution of industry, and constraints on agroindustry. 2198 UNIDO. 'The changing role of manufacturing in African economic development: Trends, prospects and issues." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 7, no. 1/2 (1982): 126-141. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Industrialization, Manufacturing sector. 2199 UNIDO. Division for Industrial Studies. The Capital Good Industry in Africa: A General Review and Elements for Further Analysis. Vienna, Austria: UNIDO, 1984. 79 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Industrial sector, Manufacturing sector, Economic development, Industrialization, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: capital flow. 2200 Wangwe, S. M. Industrial Development Strategies for Africa:

1 4 0 • AF RIC A / I n d u s try

Is Outward-looking Industrialization Viable? Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Economic Research Bureau, University ofDar es Salaam, 1983. 43 pp. SUBJECTS: Industrialization, Import substitution, Free market, International economic system, Balance of payments, Industrial development. KEYWORDS: South-South relations. 2201 Wilson, Earnest J., HI, "Africa, the energy crisis, and the triangular relationship." In: Interdependence in a World ofUnequals: African-Arab-OECD Economic Cooperation for Development, edited by DunstanM.Wai. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1982.101-136 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Energy industry, Commercial sector, Oil industry, Economic recession, Economic development policy. KEYWORDS: OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development); Arab-Africa relations.

politics, Urban poverty, Labor force, Rural poverty, Rural development. 2209 Cooper, Frederick. "Urban space, industrial time, and wage labor in Africa." In: Struggle for the City : Migrant Labor, Capital, and the State in Urban Africa, edited by Frederick Cooper. Beverly Hills, California: Sage, 1983. 7-50 pp. SUBJECTS: Labor migration, Urban politics, Urban poverty, Labor force. 2210 Copans, Jean. "La 'nouvelle' division internationale du travail et le Sahel des années." Labour, Capital and Society¡Travail, capital et société 14, no. 2 (November 1981): 6-28. SUBJECTS: Urban population, Division of labor, Labor force, Labor market.

2202 Wionczek, Miguel S. "Energy and international security in the 1980s: Realities or misperceptions?" Third World Quarterly 5, no. 4 (October 1983): 839-847. SUBJECTS: National security, Energy use, Oil industry, Energy industry.

2211 Ellis, Gene. "Backward-bending supply curve of labor in Africa: Models, evidence, and interpretation—and why it makes a difference." The Journal of Developing Areas 15, no. 2 (January 1981): 251-274. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Labor market, Labor force. KEYWORDS: labor-leisure model.

2203 Yachir, F. "Industrialisation et dépendance technologique en Afrique." In: Technologie et industrialisation en Afrique/Technology and Industrialization in Africa, edited by F. Yachir. Dakar, Senegal: CODESRIA, 1981. 1-10 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign aid, Economic development, Technology transfer, Underdevelopment, Industrial development, Industrial policy.

2212 Freund, Bill. Labor and Labor History in Africa: A Review of the Literature. Boston, Massachusetts: Department of History, Harvard University, 1983. 27 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Literature review, Labor migration, Dependency theory, Working class, Women's economic role, Labor market, Labor union. KEYWORDS: labor history.

SEE ALSO 5925, 6559, 9277, 14635.

2213 Higgott, Richard. "Africa and the New International Division of Labour." In: Africa in Economic Crisis, edited by John Ravenhill. London: Macmillan, 1986. 286-306 pp. SUBJECTS: Division of labor, Economic crisis, Policy analysis, International economic system, Labor policy, Labor market. KEYWORDS: New International Economic Order. Examines the crisis in Africa in terms of global political economy. States that the evolution of a new international division of labor has brought about structural changes that placed and maintain the continent in a subordinate position.

Labor

2204 Abdin, Ragia, Paul Bennell, Olufemi Fajana, and Martin Godfrey. A World of Differentials: African Pay Structures in a Transnational Context. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1983.152pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Ghana, Kenya. SUBJECTS: Transnational corporations, Wage policy, Income inequality, Public sector, Employment policy. KEYWORDS: salary structure. 2205 Charmes, Jacques. "La Jeunesse et le secteur non-structure." Cahiers des sciences humaines 21, no. 2/3 (1985): 295-304. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Youth issues, Education level, Informal sector, Employment, Labor market, Labor force. KEYWORDS: vocational education. 2206 Cohen, Robin. "From peasants to workers in Africa." In: Political Economy of Contemporary Africa, edited by Peter C. W. Gutkind and Immanuel Wallerstein. Beverly Hills, California: Sage, 1985. 181-197 pp. SUBJECTS: Peasant economy, Labor force, Employment opportunity, Working class, Rural-urban migration, Labor migration. 2207 Collier, Paul. African Public Sector Retrenchment : An Analytical Survey. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1988. 32 pp. SUBJECTS: Public sector, Labor market, Wage policy, Employment policy, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: retraining. Examines the employment effects of alternative policies for structural adjustment. Suggests policies for more gradual and orderly phasing of retrenchment, for active retraining and redeployment programs, and for the creation of alternative employment opportunities. 2208 Cooper, Frederick, ed. Struggle for the City: Migrant Labor, Capital, and the State in Urban Africa. Beverly Hills, California: Sage, 1983. 319 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Labor migration, Urban

2214 International Labour Office. Labour-Management Relations in Public Enterprises in Africa. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1983. 84 pp. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria, Tunisia. SUBJECTS: Public sector, Legal system, Trade union, Collective bargaining, Employment policy, Conflict resolution. KEYWORDS: employer organizations; personnel policy; labor-management relations. 2215 International Labour Office, ed. Labour-Relations in Africa: English-Speaking Countries. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1983.159 pp. SUBJECTS: Labor force, Labor unrest, Collective bargaining, Management, Trade union, Policy recommendation, State power. KEYWORDS: ILO; Anglophone Africa. 2216 Iyoha, Milton. "Capital-intensive technology, employment and growth in less developed countries." The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies24, no. 1 (March 1982): 117-139. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Unemployment, Industrialization, Labor market, Statistical analysis. 2217 Katansi, Lwamba. "La Protection de la main-d'oeuvre nationale." In: Philosophie africaine:paix, justice, travail. Actes de la lOéme Semaine Philosophique de Kinshasa du 30 novembre au 6 décembre 1986, edited by Facultés de Philosophie. Kinshasa, Zaire: Facultés Catholiques de Kinshasa, 1988. 193-228 pp. ALSO COVERS: Zaire. SUBJECTS: Labor policy, International relations, Working class, Employment policy, Labor migration. KEYWORDS: SENEME (Service Nationale de l'Emploi des Etrangers); workers' rights. Looks at the question of migrant and indigenous workers' rights within African national borders, especially in Zaire. Examines the

AFRICA/Labor • 1 4 1 conflict between defending the rights of nationals working in their own country versus foreign workers' rights.

contract labor in Francophone Africa and France. Examines the burdens and administrations of proof placed on the contract breaker.

2218 King, Kenneth. "Manpower, technology, and employment in Africa: Internal and external policy agendas." In: Strategies for African Development, edited by Robert J. Berg and Jennifer Seymour Whitaker. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, 1986.422-450 pp. SUBJECTS: Labor force, Technology, Employment, Informal sector. KEYWORDS: small-scale industry. Argues that the internal African agenda is suspicious of labor oversupply and the external international agenda is concerned with the danger of overexpansion. Analyzes the different approaches by internal and external forces toward the labor issues of in Africa.

2227 ROAPE (Review of African Political Economy), ed. ROAPE Conference on the World Recession and the Crisis in Africa. England: ROAPE and University of Keele, 1984. 250 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Industrialization, Labor force, Food production, Drought, Unemployment, Class formation, Trade union. KEYWORDS: Shaba Region, Zaire; SADCC.

2219 King, Kenneth. Manpower, Technology, and Employment in Africa: Internal and External Policy Agendas. Edinburgh, UK: Centre of African Studies, Edinburgh University, 1985. 67 pp. SUBJECTS: Employment policy, Technological development, Education policy, Economic development, Labor force, Labor market. 2220 Lichtblaw, George E. "Trade unions in African development." TransAfricaForum 3, no. 2 (Winter 1986): 79-99. SUBJECTS: Trade union, Labor union. KEYWORDS: labor history. Reviews the growth and development of trade unions in Africa from colonial times to the present. Discusses conflict within the unions vis-à-vis the local governments and the influence of other international unions in the East-West context. 2221 Livingstone, I. "Choices for rural and urban development: The case for an employment focus." In: Development Options for Africa in the 1980s and Beyond, edited by P. Ndegwa, L. P. Mureithi, and R. H. Green. Nairobi, Kenya: Oxford University Press, 1985. 53-70 pp. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Urban development, Employment opportunity, Employment policy, Development theory. KEYWORDS: World Bank. 2222 Martens, George. "L'Afrique a-t-elle besoin des syndicats (première partie)." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 219/220 (1984): 51-66. SUBJECTS: Labor strike, Labor force, Trade union, Economic development policy. 2223 Matsenko, I. B. "Manpower resources and employment." Africa in Soviet Studies (1982): 106-114. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Employment, Labor force, Population density, Traditional society, Imperialism. 2224 Muhirwa, Gassana. Le Syndicalisme et ses incidences sociopolitiques en Afrique: le cas de l'UNTZA. Kinshasa, Zaire: Presses Universitaires du Zaïre, 1982. 213 pp. ALSO COVERS: Zaire. SUBJECTS: Labor union, Political development, Labor unrest, Student protest. KEYWORDS: UGEC (Union Générale des Etudiants Congolais); UNTZA (Union Nationale des Travailleurs du Zaïre). 2225 Mureithi, L. P. "Labour utilization and the employment problem in Africa." In: Development Options for Africa in the 1980s and Beyond, edited by P. Ndegwa, L. P. Mureithi, and R. H. Green. Nairobi, Kenya: Oxford University Press, 1985. 79-81 pp. SUBJECTS: Employment policy, Employment opportunity, Labor force, Economic development, Unemployment. 2226 Pocanam, Meyeba. "La Preuve en matière de rupture abusive du contrat de travail en France et dans les pays francophones d'Afrique (Etude comparative)." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique no. 802 (January/May 1990): 28-52. biblio. SUBJECTS: Civil rights, Law, Labor policy, Labor force. KEYWORDS: contract labor; France-Africa relations; Francophone Africa. Presents the legal rights and laws that address abuse toward

2228 Shaw, Timothy M. "Conclusion: African development and the new international division of labor." In: Economic Crisis in Africa: African Perspectives on Development Problems and Potentials, edited by Adebayo Adedeji and Timothy M. Shaw. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1985. 267-283 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Political ideology, Economic integration, Labor force, Labor policy, Division of labor. KEYWORDS: New International Economic Order; Lagos Plan of Action 1980; ECA; World Bank; OAU. 2229 Shaw, Timothy M. "The Non-Aligned Movement and the new international division of labor." In: Africa in World Politics: Into the 1990s, edited by Ralph I. Onwuka and Timothy M. Shaw. Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan, 1989. 1-31 pp. SUBJECTS: Nonaligned nation, Decolonization, Division of labor, Labor force, Labor policy. KEYWORDS: NAM (Non-Aligned Movement); New International Economic Order. Presents an overview of central changes and contradictions in the new international division of labor, and a history of the evolution of the NAM as it has developed a place in the world system. Addresses the continual interaction between the NAM and the world system, concluding that neither can be understood outside of an historical context. 2230 Skinner, Elliott. "Labor migration and national development in Africa." In: African Migration and National Development, edited by Beverly Lindsay. University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1985. 18-39 pp. SUBJECTS: Labor migration, National development, Employment opportunity, Economic development, Historical analysis. 2231 Southall, Roger, ed. Labour and Unions in Asia and Africa: Contemporary Issues. Houndmills, UK: Macmillan, 1988. 258 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Informal sector, Migration, Labor union, Industrial relations, Political economy studies, Women's studies, Labor force. KEYWORDS: ECOWAS; NUPENG (Nigerian Union of Petroleum Engineers); Nyerere, Julius K.; Nkrumah, Kwame. A collection of papers emerging out of the conference called "Third World Trade Unions: Equity and Democratisation in the Changing International Division of Labour." Examines the impact of changes in the structure of international capitalism on trade unions in the contemporary developing world. 2232 Stichter, Sharon. Migrant Laborers. Cambridgeshire, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1985.225 pp. SUBJECTS: Labor migration, Women's economic role, Household analysis, Economic development, Labor force. KEYWORDS: rural economy. 2233 Swindell, Ken. Farm Labour. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1985. 204 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural sector, Labor force, Labor migration. 2234 Waterman, Peter. Special Double Issue: African Labour Studies and African Labour Struggles. The Hague, Netherlands: Newsletter of International Labour Studies, 1985.66 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Labor policy, Labor union, Class struggle, Working class. KEYWORDS: labor studies. 2235 Yesufu, T. M., and N. Ladhari. Labour Management Relations

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in Public Enterprises in Africa. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1983.84 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria, Tunisia. SUBJECTS: Trade union, Conflict resolution, Collective bargaining, Public sector, State-owned enterprise, Labor union. KEYWORDS: labor-management relations; employer organizations. 2236 Zegeye, Abebe, and Shubi Ishemo, eds. Forced Labour and Migration: Patterns of Movement within Africa. London: Hans Zell, 1989. 405 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania, Ethiopia. S U B J E C T S : Labor migration, Cash crop production, Labor market, Resettlement, Demographic analysis. KEYWORDS: Iringa Region, Tanzania; Njombe District, Tanzania; RRC (Relief and Rehabilitation Committee). A collection of papers dealing primarily with the colonial period but including some postcolonial studies. Examines the Iringa Region in Tanzania and resettlement in postrevolutionary Ethiopia.

Legal System

2237 Abel, Richard. "Custom, rules, administration, community." Journal of African Law 28, no. 1/2 (1984): 6-19. SUBJECTS: Conflict, Legal system, Law, Family, Traditional legal system. 2238 Adei, Christopher Y. O. African Law South of the Sahara. Clayton, Missouri: International Institute for Advanced Studies, 1981. 58 pp. SUBJECTS: Islam, Law, Traditional legal system, Judicial system, Women's rights. KEYWORDS: Sharia law. 2239 Allott, A. N. "What is to be done with African customary law? The experience of problems and reforms in Anglophone Africa." Journal of African Law 28, no. 1/2 (1984): 56-71. SUBJECTS: Traditional legal system, Legal development. 2240 Birnie, P. W. "Africa and the Law of the Sea." In: Africa and the Sea: Proceedings of a Colloquium at the University of Aberdeen, March 1984, edited by Jeffrey C. Stone. Aberdeen, UK: Aberdeen University African Studies Group, 1985. 283-303 pp. SUBJECTS: International law, Legal system, Natural resource management, International cooperation, International relations. KEYWORDS: Law of the Sea Convention 1982. 2241 Breitinger, Eckhard, ed. African and Western Legal Systems in Contact. Bayreuth, West Germany: Bayreuth University, 1989. 89 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Judicial system, Military government, Legal system, Islam, Women's studies, Traditional society, Children. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Constitution 1979; sharia law; individuals, welfare of. Examines the Nigerian judicial system, including the impact of English law concepts on Islamic law. Also looks at the household community and other larger groups for the provision of individual economic support, emphasizing the present-day vulnerability of traditionally subordinate groups and the role of the state in their economic welfare. 2242 Centre for the Independence of Judges and Lawyers. The Independence of the Judiciary and the Legal Profession in EnglishSpeaking Africa: A Report of Seminars Held in Lusaka from 10 to 14 November 1986 and in Banjul from 6 to 10 April 1987. Geneva, Switzerland: International Commission of Jurists, 1988. 184 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Legal system, Judicial system. KEYWORDS: Anglophone Africa; Centre for the Independence of Judges and Lawyers. Presents a number of different papers delivered at two different conferences on the independence of the judiciary and the legal profes-

sion in Anglophone Africa. Gives broad recommendations for maintaining an impartial legal system outside the control of governments.

2243 Coldham, S. F. R., S. A. Roberts, and P. E. Slinn. "Bibliography of the works of Antony Allott 1948-1988." Journal of African Law 31, no. 1/2 (1987): 226-231. biblio. SUBJECTS: Law, Bibliography, Land tenure system, Traditional legal system. KEYWORDS: Allott, Antony; Akan people. Presents books and articles of African law specialist Antony Allott. 2244 Coldham, Simon. "Les Systèmes judiciaires en Afrique anglophone." Afrique contemporaine 156, no. 4 (1990): 27-37. SUBJECTS: Judicial system, Legal development, Traditional legal system. KEYWORDS: Anglophone Africa. Examines judicial systems in Anglophone African countries and their evolution since independence. Looks at judicial power, the situation of the magistrature, the lower courts, and the operation of customary law. Suggests that the judicial apparatus inherited from colonialization endures, at least formally. 2245 Conac, Gérard, ed. Les Cours suprêmes en Afrique: Vol. 1 : Organisation, finalités, procédure. Vol. 1 of 3. Paris: Economica, 1988.437 pp. SUBJECTS: Judicial system, Historical analysis, Legal system, Law, Constitutional law. KEYWORDS: supreme court. Addresses African supreme courts and jurisprudence. Analyzes the creation of country-specific judicial systems since independence and their process. Includes Senegal, Côte d'Ivoire, Madagascar, Chad, Togo, Mali, Morocco, Guinea Bissau, and others. 2246 Conac, Gérard, ed. Les Cours suprêmes en Afrique: Vol. 2: La Jurisprudence: droit constitutionnel, droit social, droit international, droit financier. Vol. 2 of 3. Paris: Economica, 1988. 299 pp. SUBJECTS: Law, Legal system, Judicial system, Legal development, C o n s t i t u t i o n a l law, International law, F i n a n c i a l system. KEYWORDS: supreme court. Addresses African supreme courts and jurisprudence. Analyzes constitutional law, financial law, international law, and social law. 2247 Conac, Gérard, and Jean de Gaudusson, eds. Les Cours suprêmes en Afrique: Vol. 3, La Jurisprudence administrative. Vol. 3 of 3. Paris: Economica, 1988. 388 pp. SUBJECTS: Judicial system, Law, Administration, Legal system. Addresses African supreme courts and jurisprudence. Analyzes the first twenty years of administration in African judicial systems. Looks at several countries, including Benin, Cameroon, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Gabon, and Niger. 2248 Cottrell, Jill. "The function of the law of torts in Africa." Journal ofAfricanLaw31, no. 1/2(1987): 161-184. SUBJECTS:Law, Legal system, Traditional legal system, Property rights, Corruption. Surveys tort law in several African countries by addressing customary and common law, accidents and negligence, property rights, abuses of power, exemplary damages, and defamation. 2249 Darbon, Dominique. "Le Juge africain et son miroir: la glace déformante du transfert de jurisprudence administrative en Afrique." Afrique contemporaine 156, no. 4 (1990): 240-248. SUBJECTS: Public administration, Judicial system, Legal system. Examines the transfer of administrative jurisprudence from Europe to Africa and the distortive aspects of its misapplication. 2250 Elias, Taslim O. The International Court of Justice and Some Contemporary Problems: Essays on International Law. The Hague, Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff, 1983. 374 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Human rights, International law, Regionalism, Colonialism, Law. KEYWORDS: Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948;

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UN; New International Economic Order; International Court of Justice.

developmental process of the social welfare system in French-speaking Africa.

2251 Faculté de Philosophie, ed. Philosophie africaine: paix, justice, travail. Actes de la lOème Semaine Philosophique de Kinshasa du 30 novembre au 6 décembre 1986. Kinshasa, Zaire: Facultés Catholiques de Kinshasa, 1988. 250 pp. SUBJECTS: Judicial system, Labor policy, Legal system. KEYWORDS: peace studies; African philosophy. Presents essays on the issues of peace, justice, and labor in contemporary Africa. Includes sections on the philosophical concept of peace, justice at the national level, and African conceptions of contemporary labor policy.

2259 Kamto, Maurice. "Une Justice entre tradition et modernité." Afrique contemporaine 156, no. 4 (1990): 57-64. SUBJECTS: Judicial system, Traditional legal system, Legal reform. Analyzes the conflict between political and traditional judicial systems. Looks at subjectivity of justice and claims that colonialism imposed a set of foreign and culturally inappropriate laws and judicial practices on Africa.

2252 Frankenberg, G., and R. Knieper. "Problèmes juridiques du surendettement des pays du tiers monde: actualité de la doctrine des 'dettes odieuses.'" Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique 95, no. 786/787 (January/June 1985): 9-36. SUBJECTS: Legal system, Economic development, Debt crisis, Debt financing, Judicial system, International law. 2253 Ginther, K., and W. Benedek, eds. New Perspectives and Conceptions of International Law: An Afro-European Dialogue. Vienna, Austria: Springer-Verlag, 1983. 261 pp. tables, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: International law, Economic development, Human rights, National liberation movement, Armed conflict, Traditional legal system. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; New International Economic Order; OAU; African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 1983. 2254 Ginther, Konrad. "Redefining international law from the point of view of decolonisation and development and African regionalism." Journal of African Law 26, no. 1 (Spring 1982): 49-67. SUBJECTS: Traditional legal system, Regional conflict, International law, NorthSouth relations. 2255 Harbeson, John W. "Constitutions and constitutionalism in Africa: A tentative theoretical exploration." In: Democracy and Pluralism in Africa, edited by Dov Ronen. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1986. 7-17 pp. SUBJECTS: Legal system, Constitutional development, Political development. Argues that constitution building has taken on different forms because of colonization. States that political stability can be achieved only when the process of decolonization is complete. 2256 Howard, Rhoda E. "Legitimacy and class rule in Commonwealth Africa: Constitutionalism and the rule of law." Third World Quarterly 7, no. 2 (April 1985): 323-347. SUBJECTS: Class analysis, Constitutional development, Law, Traditional legal system, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: Commonwealth of Nations. 2257 Huber, Barbara. "Human rights and criminal law: The impact of the European Court of Human Rights on the administration of justice of its members." The Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa 14, no. 3 (November 1981): 300-314. SUBJECTS: Legal system, Human rights, Civil rights, International law, Crime. KEYWORDS: US Convention on Human Rights; European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms; European Court of Human Rights. 2258 Issa-Sayegh, Joseph, and Otto Kaufmann. "Les Conventions multilatérales interafricaines de sécurité sociale dans les pays francophones au sud du Sahara (OCAM-CEPGL)." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique 96, no. 791 (July/October 1986): 302-346. SUBJECTS: International relations, Social welfare system, Judicial system, Legal development, Legal system, International cooperation. KEYWORDS: Francophone Africa. Explores the major social welfare conventions and suggests the

2260 Killingray, David. "The maintenance of law and order in British colonial Africa." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 85, no. 340 (July 1986): 411-437. SUBJECTS: Police brutality, Imperialism, Authoritarian government, Law, Legal system. Describes a system of law and order facilitated by revenue collection as the basis for effective colonial government. Discusses how conditions of law and order were maintained during colonization and how such conditions continue to be maintained today by the military. Claims the political form remains the same. 2261 Kiminou, René. "La Protection du logiciel en droit africain." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique no. 803 (June/September 1990): 246-267. SUBJECTS: Law, Technology transfer, Modernization, Judicial system. KEYWORDS: computers; patents; OAPI (Organisation Africaine de la Propriété Intellectuelle). Examines the protection of patents and copyrights of intellectual computer property under African law. Analyzes the impossibility of patent law protection and the possibility of protection through author rights. 2262 Kouassi, Edmond Kwam. "The OAU and international law." In: The OAU after Twenty Years, edited by Yassin El-Ayouty and I. William Zartman. New York: Praeger, 1984. 45-65 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Pan-Africanism, Conflict resolution, Decolonization, International law, Law, Judicial system. KEYWORDS: OAU. 2263 Kunig, Philip. "The Organisation of African Unity and lawmaking." In: New Perspectives and Conceptions of International Law: An Afro-European Dialogue, edited by K. Ginther and W. Benedek. Vienna, Austria: Springer-Verlag, 1983. 228-233 pp. SUBJECTS: International law, Legal system, Legal development, Law. KEYWORDS: OAU. 2264 Lafond, Mireille. "Bibliographie sur la justice en Afrique." Afrique contemporaine 156, no. 4 (1990): 293-309. SUBJECTS: Judicial system, Legal system, Constitutional law, Public administration, Civil rights, Law. KEYWORDS: Islamic law. Presents bibliographic citations on African judicial systems and judicial processes. 2265 Lekene Donfack, Etienne Charles. "La Révision des constitutions en Afrique." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 43, no. 1 (January/March 1989):45-71. ALSOCOVERS: Cameroon. SUBJECTS: Constitutional reform, Constitutional law, Political power. Examines the organization of constitutional reform as set out in constitutions. Analyzes initiative proposals, voting, revisional power limits, the institutional bases for revision, referendum, and accomplishment of revision. Also looks at the effect of a coup d'état on the process. 2266 Makec, John Wuol. "The development of African common law." In: Organization of African Unity: 25 Years On: Essays in Honour of Kwame Nkrumah, edited by Kwesi Krafona. London: Afroworld, 1988. 86-108 pp. SUBJECTS: Legal system, Traditional legal system, Cultural identity, Legal development, Law.

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KEYWORDS: OAU. Proposes creating a common law for all of Africa to replace the foreign legal system handed down by the colonialists. Analyzes European law, African reaction to it, and the relation of cultural identity to law. Calls for the codification of African customary laws and work toward unifying African legal systems. 2267 Mamdani, Mahmood. "The social basis of constitutionalism in Africa." The Journal of Modern African Studies 28, no. 3 (September 1990): 359-374. SUBJECTS: Human rights, Constitutional law, Political opposition, Democracy, Law. KEYWORDS: NRM (National Resistance Movement). Analyzes the argument that human rights and democracy are Western concepts. Argues that they are indigenous to Africa and are goals for many opposition movements. Assesses the potential for constitutional governments in the near future, maintaining that these institutions should be based on African criteria. 2268 Milton, J. R. L. "Planning and property." Acta Juridica (1985): 267-288. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Land use policy, Property rights, Regional planning policy, Urban planning policy, Law.

COVERS: Zaire. SUBJECTS: Political theory, Social change, Law, Judicial system. Analyzes the development of penal law in Africa with special reference to Zaire. Claims that penal law remains influenced by colonial and neocolonial penal laws. Believes that as such, penal law cannot be a law of peace, justice, and work, nor can it be called a law of development because there is no development within a state of dependence and submission. 2274 Ndiaye, Youssoupha. "Les Auxiliares de la justice." Afrique contemporaine 156, no. 4 (1990): 140-146. SUBJECTS: Judicial system, Public administration, Law. KEYWORDS: ministerial officials. Defines justice auxiliaries as those who professionally contribute to the administration and operation of the justice system with the exception of the magistrate. Divides such officials into three groups: lawyers, ministerial officials, and others. 2275 Nding, Dyathlm. Civilisation et science juridique en Afrique et dans le monde. Yaounde, Cameroon: Clé, 1982. 300 pp. SUBJECTS: International law, Judicial system, Legal development. KEYWORDS : scientific humanism; Kelsen, Hans; Diop, Cheikh Anta; political philosophy.

2269 Mingst, Karen A. "Judicial systems of sub-Saharan Africa: An analysis of neglect." The African Studies Review 31, no. 1 (April 1988): 135-147. biblio. SUBJECTS: Legal development, Judicial process, Judicial system. States that American researchers have neglected judicial research about Africa from a cross-national perspective. Analyzes why this is so, presents an overview of what has been learned so far about African courts, and provides a research agenda for comparative judicial scholars focusing on Africa.

2276 Nkombe, Oleko. "Le Développement du droit au droit du développement." Les nouvelles rationalités africaines 2, no. 7 (April 1987): 531-550. SUBJECTS: Traditional legal system, Development policy, Legal development, Judicial system, Political development. KEYWORDS: Islamic law. Asserts that a state of war exists between the traditional legal system and the modern state. Examines this conflict and the role that law in Africa has played in this conflict.

2270 Moderne, Franck. "Les Juridictions constitutionnelles en Afrique." In: Les Cours suprêmes en Afrique: Vol. 2, La Jurisprudence: droit constitutionnel, droit social, droit international, droit financier, edited by Gérard Conac. Paris: Economica, 1988. 3-39 pp. SUBJECTS: Law, Judicial system, Legal system, Legal development, Constitution, Constitutional law. Looks at variations in legal jurisdiction among Portuguesespeaking, French-speaking, English-speaking, and Spanish-speaking Africa. Claims that the introduction of constitutional control in African states is induced by the introduction of the European state constitutional model.

2277 Ojwang, J. B. "Legislative control of executive power in Africa: New insights." Verfassung und Recht in Ubersee/Law and Politics in Africa, Asia and Latin America 19, no. 4 (1986): 421-435. ALSO COVERS: Kenya. SUBJECTS: Legal system, Executive power, Constitutional law, Authoritarian government. KEYWORDS: separation of powers; check and balance theory. Illustrates the theoretical proposition that the government process is apt to veer toward authoritarianism in the absence of clear mechanisms of control. Focuses on the relationship between the executive and the legislature in the typical African state, particularly the former's attempts to enfeeble the latter.

2271 Mokgoro, Y. "Law and development: An unlikely alliance?" Natal University Law and Society Review 2 (November 1990): 79-84. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Legal reform, Law. Examines the ways in which the legal framework can be implemented to increase development in Africa. Maintains that this can occur in areas concerning land rights and access to other resources in order to increase overall production.

2278 Olorunsola, Victor A. "Questions on constitutionalism and democracy: Nigeria and Africa." In: Democracy and Pluralism in Africa, edited by Dov Ronen. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1986. 119-126 pp. A L S O C O V E R S : Nigeria. S U B J E C T S : Democracy, Constitution, Constitutional development. KEYWORDS: Buhari, Muhammadu; Nigerian Constitution 1979. Assesses prospects for the creation of constitutions and democracy in Africa. Uses the Nigerian case to illustrate that new constitutions seem to raise problems as well as generate internal contradictions.

2272 Mustapha, Bolanle M. "Problems and prospects of constitutionalism in Africa." In: African Traditional Political Thought and Institutions, edited by John A. A. Ayoade and Adigun A. B. Agbaje. Lagos, Nigeria: Centre for Black and African Arts and Civilization, 1989. 279-291 pp. SUBJECTS: Constitutional development, Constitution. Examines the problems and prospects of constitutionalism in Africa. Outlines constitutional development in selected African countries. 2273 Mwene Songa, Nyabirungu. "La Possible contribution du droit pénale à la paix, à la justice et au travail." In: Philosophie africaine: paix, justice, travail. Actes de la lOème Semaine Philosophique de Kinshasa 1986, edited by Faculté de Philosophie. Kinshasa, Zaire: Facultés Catholiques de Kinshasa, 1988. 141-158 pp. ALSO

2279 Opolot, James S. E. Organized Crime in Africa. Jonesboro, Tennessee: Pilgrimage, 1981. 119 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Youth issues, Crime, Warfare, Law enforcement, Corruption, Judicial system, Corruption. KEYWORDS: criminology theory. 2280 Pie, Frédérique. Les Politiques pénales en Afrique noire francophone: le cas du Gabon. Talence, France: Centre d'Etude d'Afrique Noire, 1989. 195 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Gabon. SUBJECTS: Law, Judicial system, Law enforcement. Examines the implementation of a judicial system in African French-speaking countries with the specific case study of Gabon. Looks at the criminality and delinquency problems in their relation to

AFRICA/Legal S y s t e m •

the overall development process, and the lack of structural means to face them. 2281 Pocanam, Mêyêba. "Les Fautes justifiant la rupture du contrat de travail en France et dans les états francophones d'Afrique noire." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique 94, no. 784 (April/June 1984): 137-166. SUBJECTS: International law, Government analysis, Legal development. KEYWORDS: salary class; Francophone Africa; France-Africa relations; breach of contract. 2282 Poitou, Daniel, and René Collignon. Délinquance juvenile et marginalité des jeunes en milieu urbain d'Afrique noire: éléments de bibliographie, 1950-1984. Paris: Centre d'Etudes Africaines, 1985. 74 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Crime, Law enforcement, Drug control, Youth issues, Urban population. KEYWORDS: prostitution. 2283 Prouzet, Michel. "Mimétisme et droit de la planification urbaine en Afrique noire." In: Enjeux fonciers en Afrique noire, edited by E. Le Bris, E. Le Roy, and F. Leimdorfer. Paris: Karthala, 1982. 325-329 pp. SUBJECTS: Legal development, Urban development, Land use policy, Judicial system, Technology transfer, Traditional society. 2284 Rabie, A. "The impact of environmental conservation on land ownership." Acta Juridica (1985): 289-313. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS : Natural resource management, Law, Land use policy, Property rights. 2285 Sagay, Itsejuwa Esanjumi. International Law and Struggle for the Freedom and Welfare of Man in Africa. Ile-Ife, Nigeria: University of Ife Press, 1983. 41 pp. SUBJECTS: Constitution, Colonialism, Self-determination, Racial discrimination, Liberation movement, Human rights, International law. KEYWORDS: New International Economic Order; UN; OAU. 2286 Sanders, A. J. G. M. "How customary is African customary law?" The Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa 20, no. 3 (November 1987): 404-410. SUBJECTS: Traditional legal system, Law. Discusses the conflict between imposed legal systems and customary legal systems. Examines the effects of institutionalizing traditional legal practices and distortions resulting from dual legal systems. 2287 Sanders, A. J. G. M. "The 1975 Renton Report on the preparation of legislation—its importance to developing countries." Lesotho Law Journal 2, no. 1 (1986): 101-118. ALSO COVERS: Lesotho. SUBJECTS: Legal reform, Constitutional development, Legislative action, Legal development. KEYWORDS: Renton Report 1975. Discusses the Renton Report, which features the legislative process and ways to improve the method of enacting law in Lesotho and other developing countries.

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Language policy. KEYWORDS: Anglophone Africa. 2291 Shimba, L. "Status and rights of judges in commonwealth Africa: Problems and prospects." Lesotho Law Journal!, no. 2 (1987): 1-20. SUBJECTS: Legal system, Constitution, Legal development, Judicial system, Judicial process. Questions how best to redefine the traditional status and rights of a judge within the framework of the political, economic, socioculturel, and even ideological conditions of a developing country with many potential areas of conflict among governmental organs, public officials, and private citizens. 2292 Sinitsina, Irina. "African legal tradition." Journal of African Law 31, no. 1/2 (1987): 44-57. ALSO COVERS: Ghana. SUBJECTS: Law, Traditional legal system, M a r r i a g e , Property rights. KEYWORDS: Akan people; stool rights. Examines the highly developed, autochthonous Akan legal institutions and their role in Ghana's legal system. 2293 Snyder, Francis. "Customary law and the economy." Journal of African Law 28, no. 1/2 (1984): 34-43. ALSO COVERS: Senegal. SUBJECTS: Traditional legal system, Economic relations, Law. KEYWORDS: childwealth. 2294 Takirambudde, Peter Nanyena, ed. The Individual Under African Law: Proceedings of the First All-Africa Law Conference, October 11-16, 1981, Royal Swazi Spa, Swaziland. Kwaluseni, Swaziland: Department of Law, University of Swaziland, 1982. 209 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Legal reform, Human rights, Judicial system, Marriage, Traditional legal system, Property rights. 2295 Thompson, H. ' T h e role of the rule of law in the liberal state." Natal University Law and Society Review 1, no. 2 (November 1986): 126-137. SUBJECTS: Legal system, Constitution, Constitutional development, Judicial system, Constitutional law. Discusses the rule of law when defined as meaning that the government in all its actions is bound by rules fixed and announced beforehand, which make it possible to foresee how the authority will use its coercive powers in given circumstances and to plan one's affairs on the basis of that knowledge. 2296 Vanderlinden, Jacques. African Law Bibliography. Bibliographie de droit Africain: Second Supplement, Deuxieme Supplement, 1981. Brussels, Belgium: Presses Universitaires de Bruxelles, 1981. 200 pp. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Law, Constitutional law, International law, Legal system. 2297 Vanderlinden, Jacques. African Law Bibliography. Bibliographie de droit Africain: Third Supplement, Troisième Supplement, 1982. Brussels, Belgium: Presses Universitaires de Bruxelles, 1982. 200 pp. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Law, Constitutional law, International law, Legal system.

2288 Scholler, H. "Le Rôle du judiciaire dans la modernisation du droit des pays d'Afrique." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 35, no. 2 (April/June 1981): 664-673. SUBJECTS: Judicial system, Decolonization, Traditional political system, Traditional authority, Legal system. KEYWORDS: chieftaincy.

2298 Vanderlinden, Jacques. African Law Bibliography. Bibliographie de droit Africain: Fourth Supplement, Quatrième Supplement, 1983. Brussels, Belgium: Presses Universitaires de Bruxelles, 1983. 200 pp. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Law, Constitutional law, International law, Legal system.

2289 Seidman, Ann, and Robert B. Seidman. "Political economy of customary law in the former British territories of Africa." Journal of African Law 28, no. 1/2 (1984): 44-55. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Resource distribution, Traditional legal system, Law.

2299 Vanderlinden, Jacques. African Law Bibliography. Bibliographie de droit Africain: Fifth Supplement, Cinquième Supplement, 1984. Brussels, Belgium: Presses Universitaires de Bruxelles, 1984. 200 pp. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Law, Constitutional law, International law, Legal system.

2290 Seidman, Robert B. "Law development and legislative drafting in English-speaking Africa." The Journal of Modern African Studies 19, no. 1 (March 1981): 133-161. ALSO COVERS: Zambia. SUBJECTS : Legal development, Legislative action, Mass communication,

2300 Vanderlinden, Jacques. African Law Bibliography. Bibliographie de droit Africain: Third Volume, 1977-1986. 3rd ed. Vol. 3 of 3. Brussels, Belgium: Presses Universitaires de Bruxelles, 1988. 535

1 4 6 • AFRICA/Legal System pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Law, Constitutional law, Judicial system, International law. Part of a three-volume set of articles, books, and government and official reports covering materials on African law from 1977 to 1986. Indexes materials by subject, country, and author. 2301 Vanderlinden, Jacques. African Law Bibliography: Bibliographie de droit Africain: Second Volume, 1967-1976. 3rd ed. Vol. 2 of 3. Brussels, Belgium: Presses Universitaires de Bruxelles, 1985. 350 pp. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Law, Constitutional law, International law. 2302 Vanderlinden, Jacques. "Le Juge et la coutume en Afrique aujourd'hui." Afrique contemporaine 156, no. 4 (1990): 231-239. SUBJECTS: Judicial system, Traditional authority, Traditional legal system. Looks at conflict and interaction between customary law and modern judges in diverse African societies. 2303 Vanderlinden, Jacques. Les systèmes juridiques africains. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1983. 127 pp. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Judicial system, Legal development, State formation, Traditional political system, Legal system, Nation state. 2304 Verdier, Raymond. "Introduction: civilisations paysannes et traditions juridiques." In: Systèmes fanciers à la ville et au village: Afrique noire francophone, edited by Raymond Verdier and A. Rochegude. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1986. 5-26 pp. SUBJECTS: Peasant society, Traditional legal system, Land tenure system, Law. KEYWORDS: land law. Describes in general terms the traditional African land management and distribution systems. Includes sections on individual versus communal land rights, farming and the household economy, and the spiritual relationship between farmers and their territory. 2305 Verdier, Raymond, and A. Rochegude, eds. Systèmes fanciers à la ville et au village: Afrique noirefrancophone. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1986. 296 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Land reform, Land tenure system, Law, Rural development, Traditional legal system. KEYWORDS: Lake Chad; colonial law; land law. Offers concrete evidence that Western secular law, with its individualist and egalitarian traditions, presents contradictions to the religious, collective, and hierarchical world vision of African societies. Demonstrates how legal innovation can arise from that fertile tension and how African traditions cause Western law, rural development, and urban management projects to be reinterpreted. 2306 Yem Gouri, Materi. "La Responsabilité civile de l'état: une application maladroite du droit administratif par le juge judiciaire africain." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 41, no. 3 (July/September 1987): 199-214. ALSO COVERS: Niger. SUBJECTS: Law, Judicial system. Examines the responsibilities that an African judge has in carrying out the law. Suggests that when profitable, judges can circumvent administrative law. Studies this question through the examination of a case in Niger. SEE ALSO 9397, 11978.

Media and Culture

2307 African Studies Symposium: Popular Islam in Twentieth-Century Africa, April 2-3, 1984. Urbana, Illinois: African Studies Program, University of Illinois, 1984. 260 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS:

Islam, Traditional society, Language policy, Arts, Political opposition. KEYWORDS: Islamic law; Numayri, Ja'far Muhammad; Maitatsine Uprising 1982. 2308 Aguessy, Honorât. "La Problématique de l'identité culturelle africaine." In: L'Affirmation de l'identité culturelle et la formation de la conscience nationale dans l'Afrique contemporaine, edited by UNESCO. Paris: UNESCO., 1981. 18-32 pp. SUBJECTS: State formation, Traditional political system, Traditional society, Cultural policy, Cultural identity. 2309 Apedo-Amah, Togoata. "Le Concert-party: une pédagogie pour les opprimés." Peuples noirs; peuples africains 8, no. 44 (March/April 1985): 61-72. ALSO COVERS: Togo. SUBJECTS: Nonformal education, Traditional society, Arts. KEYWORDS: theater; popular culture. 2310 Arens, W., and Ivan Karp, eds. Creativity of Power: Cosmology and Action in African Societies. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989. 315 pp. SUBJECTS: Ethnicity, Anthropological analysis, Traditional society, Behavioral analysis, Sociological analysis, Gender relations, Conflict. KEYWORDS: cosmology; Iteso people; Bafut, Cameroon; Lugbara people; Akuropon-Akuapem people. Explores concepts of power, action, and human agency in Africa. Examines power as an essential element in the cultural resources used to produce structure and action. 2311 Ayu, Iyorchia D. "Film as a weapon: The cultural question in African liberation." Ufahamu 17, no. 3 (Fall 1989): 6-16. tables. SUBJECTS: Mass communication, Liberation movement, Cultural identity. KEYWORDS: film. Analyzes the role of the film industry in promoting change in society. Relates the history of failure in respect to the promotion of positive societal change. 2312 Balogun, M. J. "The African culture and social structures: Lessons for contemporary public administration." In: The Ecology of Public Administration and Management in Africa, edited by the African Association for Public Administration and Management. New Delhi, India: Vikas, 1986. 165-219 pp. SUBJECTS: Traditional society, Colonialism, Traditional political system, Cultural policy. Attempts to draw lessons from traditional precolonial African societies. Examines elements in indigenous culture that may facilitate economic development as well as those that may inhibit growth. Discusses how the cultural perspective of the people shapes their view toward and expectations of government administration. 2313 Bande, Tijjani M. "Looking at tradition through fiction: Armah' s exposition of the African world-view." In: African Traditional Political Thought and Institutions, edited by John A. A. Ayoade and Adigun A. B. Agbaje. Lagos, Nigeria: Centre for Black and African Arts and Civilization, 1989. 99-108 pp. SUBJECTS: Traditional society, Ideologies, Arts. KEYWORDS: Armah, Ayi Kwei; fiction. Presents Armah's conception of the African worldview as elicited from his writings. Outlines and assesses his contributions that attempt to aid in the restoration of community in Africa. Concludes that there are blind spots in Armah's reconstruction of the African worldview but that he insists on the right of Africans to attach their own meanings to their historical experience. 2314 Bardolph, Jacqueline, Richard Peray, François Desplanques, and Claire Laurent. Oppression et expression dans la littérature et le cinéma: Afrique, Amérique, Asie. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1981. 117 pp. SUBJECTS: Censorship, Political repression, Political opposition, Liberation movement, Arts. KEYWORDS: film.

AFRICA/Media and Culture • 1 4 7 2315 Becker, Jorg. Africa on the Way to a New International Information Order. Geneva, Switzerland: Institut Universitaire d'Etudes du Développement, 1981. 50 pp. SUBJECTS: Racism, Mass media, Mass communication. KEYWORDS: television. 2316 Béseat, Kiflé Selassié. "De l'Identité culturelle africaine." In: L'Affirmation de l'identité culturelle et la formation de la conscience nationale dans l'Afrique contemporaine, edited by UNESCO. Paris: UNESCO., 1981. 33-57 pp. SUBJECTS: Cultural identity, Cultural policy, Traditional society, Nationalism, Rural development. 2317 Bidet, Jean-Claude. "Pour et par des géologues: le réseau PANGIS." Afrique contemporaine 151, no. 3 (1989): 147-154. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Mass media, Mass communication. KEYWORDS: PANGIS (Pan Africa Network for Geological Information Systems); information systems. Looks at the originality, objectives, and operation of PANGIS as a network of African and European documentary centers treating African geology, exchanging information and collecting and publishing data. 2318 Blake, David, and Carole Travis, eds. Periodicals from Africa: A Bibliography and Union List of Periodicals Published in Africa: First Supplement. Boston, Massachusetts: G. K. Hall, 1984. 217 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Mass media, Mass communication. KEYWORDS: print media. 2319 Bondunrin, P. O. 'The question of African philosophy." In: Sage Philosophy: Indigenous Thinkers and Modern Debate on African Philosophy, edited by H. Odera Oruka. Leiden, Netherlands: E. J. Brill, 1990.163-179pp. SUBJECTS: Ideologies, Ethnicity, Traditional society. KEYWORDS: African philosophy. Examines what African philosophers are trying to do, what challenges they are trying to meet. Questions the difference between philosophical discourse and discourse in any other discipline. Looks at how African philosophy is defined and described. 2320 Borgeaud, Pierre-Yves. "Les Médias dans le 'Pleurer-Rire' d'Henri Lopes." Les Cahiers du CEDAF no. 1/2/3 (March 1987): 139-158. SUBJECTS: Arts, Mass media, Mass communication, Literature review. KEYWORDS: African literature; Lopes, Henri; Pleurer-Rire. Examines the omnipresence of the media in African novels through their representation in "Pleurer-Rire" by Henri Lopes. Analyzes the descriptive elements of the media and power. Claims that "Pleurer-Rire" represents a free space in and by which one can perceive an analysis of the media in their relation with African political power. 2321 Bouteba, P. M. "Cultural heritage in African films." TJfahamu 17, no. 3 (Fall 1989): SUBJECTS: Cultural identity, Mass communication. KEYWORDS: film. Shows attempts by African producers to integrate African cultural themes and events into their films. Notes the importance of these efforts in reversing the effect of cultural colonization. 2322 Cahsai, Berhane. "Ethno-développement et ethnocide en Afrique (première partie)." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 217/218 (1984): 119-137. SUBJECTS: Foreign investment, Ethnicity, Cultural identity, Education policy, Elite analysis, Development planning. KEYWORDS: missionaries. 2323 Cavanagh, Kevin. "Freeing the Pan-African News Agency." The Journal ofModern African Studies 27, no. 2 (June 1989): 353-365. SUBJECTS: Mass media, Freedom of expression, Mass communication. KEYWORDS: PANA (Pan-African News Agency); New World Information and Communications Order; OAU; Mpassi-Muba,

Auguste; UNESCO. Examines the current crisis of PANA, which was established to promote more positive views of Africa. Maintains that PANA has come under attack from Western countries that consider it as being anti-Western biased, thus affecting its funding from the UN. 2324 Césari, Bernard. "L'Information scientifique pour le développement: vers une démarche pragmatique?" Afrique contemporaine 151, no. 3 (1989): 160-171. SUBJECTS: Mass media, Mass communication. KEYWORDS: information systems. Looks at the development of scientific information systems in Francophone Africa and their ties to exterior influences. Looks at projects in general, their orientations, methodologies, models, operations, and evolution. 2325 Chevaldonné, François. "Les Médias audiovisuels dans les pays arabes: orientations bibliographiques." Revue de l'occident musulman et de la Méditerranée 47 (1988): 121-123. biblio. SUBJECTS: Mass media, Arab nations, Bibliography, Mass communication. KEYWORDS: television; film; radio; press. A bibliographic reference to audiovisual materials in Africa and the Maghreb. 2326 Condé, Maryse. "De l'Autre bord, un autre pays: L'Afrique vue par les écrivains afro-américains." Politique africaine no. 15 (September 1984): 34-47. biblio. SUBJECTS: Literature review, PanAfricanism, Ethnicity, Arts. KEYWORDS: Baldwin, James; Walker, Alice. 2327 de Andrade, Màrio. "La Dimension culturelle dans la stratégie de la libération nationale." Ethiopiques 1, no. 3/4 (1983): 147-161. SUBJECTS: Political development, Traditional society, National liberation movement, Cultural identity, Political culture, Cultural policy. 2328 Deboste, Michel. "Radio Kankan: média parallèle, pouvoir d'analyse ou fait accompli?" Le mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 182/183 (1981): 95-116. ALSO COVERS: Guinea. SUBJECTS: Traditional society, Modernization, Mass communication. KEYWORDS: oral tradition. 2329 Diagne, Pathe. "Pluralism and plurality in Africa," translated by John R. Heilburnn. In: Democracy and Pluralism in Africa, edited by Dov Ronen. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1986. 65-85 pp. SUBJECTS: Ethnicity. KEYWORDS: pluralism. Makes an argument for pluralism as a component of the ideological framework of an egalitarian state and society. 2330 Dias, Joffre P. F. Contribution à la connaissance de l'édition, la diffusion et le développement des publications concernant l'Afrique. Geneva, Switzerland: No publisher listed, 1985. 39 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Mass media, Mass communication. KEYWORDS: print media. 2331 Dimandja, Eluy'a Kondo. "Les Philosophies africaines contemporaines et la problématique du développement." Les Nouvelles rationalités africaines 1, no. 1 (October 1985): 5-22. SUBJECTS: Nationalism, Development planning, Cultural policy, Traditional society. KEYWORDS: philosophy. 2332 Dimandja, Eluy'a Kondo. "Un Pas vers une nouvelle conscience sociale et politique." Les nouvelles rationalités africaines 3, no. 11 (April 1988): 333-336. SUBJECTS: Ethnicity, Traditional society, Traditional political system, Ethnic politics. States that the gathering of people into ethnic groups is universal but more common in Africa than in other countries throughout the world. Examines the political and social consequences of this phenomenon.

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2333 Drabo, Yaya Karim, and Maïka Rivière. L'Information en Afrique: répertoire de travaux universitaires français. Bordeaux, France: Université de Bordeaux III, Institut de Technologie "B", 1981. 88 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Mass media, Freedom of expression, Bibliography, Political power, Traditional society, Propaganda. KEYWORDS: press.

2341 Hagan, George P. "Communication." In: L'Affirmation de l'identité culturelle et la formation de la conscience nationale dans l'Afrique contemporaine, edited by UNESCO. Paris: UNESCO., 1981.74-95 pp. ALSO COVERS: Ghana. SUBJECTS: Cultural identity, Traditional political system, Political development, Cultural policy, Nationalism.

2334 Ekambo, Duasenge Ndundu. Radio-trottoir: une alternative de communication en Afrique contemporaine. Louvain-la-Neuve, France: Cabay, 1985.238 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Mass media, Mass communication. KEYWORDS : radio; dualistic communication.

2342 Henault, Georges M. 'Télécommunications et gestion des PMO africaines." Afrique contemporaine 151, no. 3 (1989): 172-177. b i b l i o . S U B J E C T S : Mass media, M a s s c o m m u n i c a t i o n . KEYWORDS: telecommunications; small organization. Looks at communication and management systems of PMOs (small and medium organizations) in Africa. Presents information on infrastructure and communication connecting PMOs.

2335 Ellis, Stephen. 'Tuning in to pavement radio." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 88, no. 352 (July 1989): 321-330. ALSO COVERS: Madagascar. SUBJECTS: Mass communication, Political repression, Mass media. KEYWORDS: radio; grapevine; popular opinion; oral tradition. Examines the phenomenon of radio trottoir, or pavement radio, that is, the popular and informal discussion of current affairs. Describes the context that gave rise to it and then addresses specific examples of "broadcasts" made over that oral news network. Draws from Madagascar, Cameroon, Gabon, and Ghana. 2336 Etonde Ekoto, Grace. "La Femme et la libération de l'Afrique: quelques figures culturelles." Présence africaine 140 (1986): 140153. SUBJECTS: Arts, Women's studies, Literature review, Mass media. KEYWORDS: press; journalism; aesthetics. Addresses the role of women and feminism in African art, literature, journalism, and aesthetics. 2337 Fall, Mar. Des Africains noirs en France: des tirailleurs sénégalais aux... Blacks. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1986. 115 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Armed forces, Racism, Cultural identity, Arts. KEYWORDS: foreign labor; World War I. Looks at the history of the African expatriate community in France from its participation in World War I. Examines political struggle for political rights and cultural identity. 2338 Fanso, Verkijika G. 'Traditional and colonial African boundaries: Concepts and functions in inter-group relations." Présence africaine 137/138 (1986): 58-75. SUBJECTS: Border conflict, Nation-state, Traditional society, Colonialism, Ethnicity. KEYWORDS: border relations. Argues that traditional boundaries aided and colonial boundaries hindered intergroup and territorial relations. States that traditional boundaries served as a meeting place for people of different backgrounds, whereas colonial boundaries served as a barrier. Suggests that governments deemphasize and demilitarize boundaries to give people access to neighboring countries. 2339 Gaudier, Maryse. Afrique 2000: une bibliographie analytique sur les propositions africaines pour le XXIe siècle!Africa 2000: An Analytical Bibliography on African Proposals for the XXI Century. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Institut International d'Etudes Sociales, 1982. 313 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Economic development, Self-sufficient economy, Natural resource management, Cultural policy, Cultural identity. 2340 Giovannetti, Jean-François, Aline Lisette-Vidal, and Jean-Paul Roux-Fouillet. "Le Transfert d'IST et la constitution de bases de données nationales africaines: nécessité d'une démarche intégrée." Afrique contemporaine 151, no. 3 (1989): 103-114. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS : Mass media, Mass communication, Technology transfer. KEYWORDS: information systems; UNESCO. Looks at the transfer of information technology and the constitution of African national databases. Looks at and critiques actions that have been undertaken to create integrated databases in cooperation with international institutions and foreign states.

2343 Horowitz, Donald L. "Patterns of ethnic separatism." Comparative Studies in Society and History 23, no. 2 (April 1981): 165195. tables. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria, Ethiopia. SUBJECTS: Ethnic politics, Ethnicity, Cultural policy. 2344 Institut Culturel Africain, ed. La Fonction culturelle de l'information en Afrique. Dakar, Senegal: Les Nouvelles Éditions Africaines, 1985. 223 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Mass media, Cultural policy, Traditional society, Mass communication. 2345 Jules-Rosette, Bennetta. "L'Esthétique et la demande du marché de l'art pour touristes: la créativité populaire devant le marché mondial." In: Dialoger avec le léopard?, edited by Bogumil Jewsiewicki and Henri Moniot. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1988. 352-378 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Arts, Commercial sector, Village development, Marketing, Cultural policy. KEYWORDS: tourism. Analyzes the production and commercialization of African tourist art in rural villages and large cities. Examines artisanal production, including cooperatives, banking, credit, and wholesale supply services. Claims that African art production is a legitimate industry. 2346 Katoke, Israel K. "La Culture d'hier et de demain dans l'Afrique contemporaine." In: L'Affirmation de l'identité culturelle et la formation de la conscience nationale dans l'Afrique contemporaine, edited by UNESCO. Paris: UNESCO., 1981. 96-117 pp. SUBJECTS: Cultural identity, Cultural policy, Traditional political system, Traditional society, Economic development, State formation. 2347 Kossou, Basile. "Pour l'identité culturelle africaine." In: L'Affirmation de l'identité culturelle et la formation de la conscience nationale dans l'Afrique contemporaine, edited by UNESCO. Paris: UNESCO, 1981.118-132 pp. SUBJECTS : Cultural identity, Cultural policy, Traditional political system, State formation. 2348 Lesser, Barry. "Communications and development: Implications for self-reliance in Africa." In: Continental Crisis: The Lagos Plan ofAction and Africa's Future, edited by David Fashole Luke and Timothy M. Shaw. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1984. 43-58 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Self-reliance, Mass communication, Mass media. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; telecommunications. 2349 M'Bow, Amadou-Mahtar. "Communication and information flows: The order of tomorrow." In: Organization of African Unity: 25 Years On: Essays in Honour of Kwame Nkrumah, edited by Kwesi Krafona. London: Afroworld, 1988. 77-85 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Mass communication, Technology, International relations, Mass media. KEYWORDS: UNESCO; OAU; MacBride Commission 1980; new international information order; IPDC (International Programme for the Development of Communication). Reviews the work of UNESCO and the OAU in assessing the state of information flows around the world and the damage this information structure might do to African cultural identities and

AFRICA/Media and Culture • 149 development. 2350 Marquet, Marie-Claude, and Pierre Pelou, eds. La Gestion des publications officielles: actes du premier séminaire africain francophone sur la gestion des publications officielles. . . . Paris: La Documentation Française, 1988. 276 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Mass media, International cooperation, Mass communication. KEYWORDS: government publications; print media; electronics; libraries. Looks at recent definitions, norms, and strengths of official government publications. Presents the current state of the publishing and diffusion of this literature in different countries and to large international institutions. Makes recommendations concerning information exchange and cooperation. 2351 Martin, Denis. "Le Pain de maïs et le levain africain: la dialectique du mythe et de l'innovation dans les relations entre l'Afrique et les Amériques noires." Politique africaine no. 15 (September 1984): 4-23. SUBJECTS: Arts, Historical analysis, Cultural policy, Ethnicity. KEYWORDS: diaspora; inventions. 2352 Montviloff, Victor. "Les Structures de l'information: politiques nationales en matière d'ISTen Afrique." Afrique contemporaine 151, no. 3 (1989): 65-71. biblio. SUBJECTS: Mass media, Mass communication. KEYWORDS: information systems. Analyzes and defines information systems technology as any information that responds to the needs of researchers, technicians, engineers, teachers, and other associated professionals. Looks at national 1ST policies as the ensemble of decisions, principles, and accords that are intended to ensure greater access to information and its use. 2353 Mudaba, Yoka Lye. "La Décennie mondiale du développement culturel: ses objectifs et les stratégies possibles." Zaïre-Afrique no. 231/232 (January/February 1989): 5-9. SUBJECTS: Cultural policy, International cooperation, Ethnicity. KEYWORDS: UN; UNESCO; UN Cultural Development Decade. Presents the platform and objectives of the Decade of Cultural Development sponsored by the UN and UNESCO. Examines the following program goals: importance of culture in development, revaluation of cultural identity, the enlarged participation of cultural life, and the necessity for greater international cultural cooperation. 2354 N'Guessan, François Kouakou. "African endogenous structures for the management of society in a spirit of solidarity." In: Towards Solidarity in the Management of African Societies: Misgivings and Certitudes, edited by International Institute for Labour Studies. Geneva, Switzerland: International Institute for Labour Studies, 1984. 13-21 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Traditional society, Anthropological analysis, Sociological analysis, Cultural identity. 2355 Ngub'usim Mey-Nka. "Problématique de la créativité en milieu traditionnel africain et espoir de développement." Zaïre-Afrique 199 (November 1985): 545-557. SUBJECTS: Arts, Traditional society, Social development policy. KEYWORDS: creativity. 2356 Niang, Cheikh Ibrahima. "Sur la libération culturelle de l'Afrique." In: La Décolonisation de l'Afrique: vue par des africains: colloque du 14 décembre 1985, edited by le Centre Culturel Africain. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1987.141-162 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Decolonization, Cultural identity, Ethnicity. Analyzes decolonization through the eradication of cultural alienation and cultural liberation. Asks whether African states have managed sociocultural and political spaces in which the dynamic of this eradication can be inscribed. 2357 Ochola, Francis W. Aspects of Mass Communication and Journalism Research on Africa. Nairobi, Kenya: Africa Book Services,

1983.103 pp. SUBJECTS: Academic research, Mass communication, National development, Mass media. 2358 Ochs, Martin. The African Press. Cairo, Egypt: American University in Cairo, 1986. 138 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Freedom of expression, Mass media, Censorship, Civil rights, Mass communication. KEYWORDS: New World Information Order. Examines the press in Africa, using case studies and examining the legal climate in which the African press operates. Discusses the call for a New World Information Order, Africa's press relations with the West, and some reasons behind the lack of a healthy, independent press in Africa. 2359 Ohlmann-Waucampt, Alexandrine. "Implantation du réseau d'information des chambres de commerce et d'industrie françaises et africainesAfrique contemporaine 151, no. 3 (1989): 178-182. SUBJECTS: Mass media, Mass communication, Economic cooperation. KEYWORDS: information systems. Looks at the coordination and operation of an information network that addresses economic development issues. 2360 Oosthuizen, G. C. "Africa's social and cultural heritage in a new era." Africa Insight 17, no. 2 (1987): 107-120. SUBJECTS: Traditional society, Ethnicity, Modernization, Technological development, Colonialism. Discusses African resistance to modernization due to its association with colonialism. 2361 Oruka, H. Oderà, ed. Sage Philosophy: Indigenous Thinkers and Modern Debate on African Philosophy. Leiden, Netherlands: E. J. Brill, 1990. 281 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Traditional society, Ideologies, Literature review, Historical analysis, Ethnicity. KEYWORDS: African philosophy; Bodunrin, Peter; Oruka, H. Oderà. Includes a collection of papers by H. O. Oruka on sagacity in African philosophy, texts from some sages themselves, and responses from a variety of African scholars on the subject of African philosophy. 2362 Programme de Formation des Communicateurs Africain, ed. La Formation de journalistes et communicateurs africains dans le contexte du nouvel ordre de la communication. Paris: Présence Africaine, 1981. 111 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Mass communication, Mass media, Technical training. KEYWORDS: CESTI (Centre d'Etudes des Sciences et Techniques de l'Information); HC (Institut International de la Communication); journalism; television. 2363 Richer, Suzanne. "Les Réseaux. Philosophie d'un réseau: la BIEF." Afrique contemporaine 151, no. 3 (1989): 135-139. SUBJECTS: Mass media, Mass communication. KEYWORDS: BIEF (Bibliographie des Informations des Etats Francophones) ; information systems; Francophone Africa. Looks at methodology and objectives of BIEF among the Francophone African states. 2364 Skurnik, W. A. E. "New look at foreign news coverage: External dependence or national interests." The African Studies Review 24, no. 1 (March 1981): 99-112. tables. ALSO COVERS: Kenya, Côte d'Ivoire. SUBJECTS: International relations, Mass communication, Mass media. KEYWORDS: press; journalism; New York Times; Fraternité Matin; Daily Nation, Kenya. 2365 Skurnik, W. A. E. "Press freedom in Africa: From pessimism to optimism." In: Democracy and Pluralism in Africa, edited by Dov Ronen. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1986.145-164 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Mass media, Freedom of expression, Mass communication, Political elite. KEYWORDS: UNESCO. Discusses and raises questions about past and present perspec-

1 5 0 • AFRICA/Media and Culture tives on press freedom; is pessimistic about the future of press freedom in Africa. 2366 Sobowale, Idowu. "The role of communication in border relations." In: Borderlands in Africa: A Multidisciplinary and Comparative Focus on Nigeria and West Africa, edited by A. I. Asiwaju and P. O. Adeniyi. Lagos, Nigeria: University of Lagos Press, 1989.345-352 pp. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Mass communication, Border conflict, Mass media. Discusses how communication, particularly mass communication, influences border conflicts and how it contributes to solving border problems. Analyzes mass media in their roles as: distributing, facilitating, magnifying, mitigating, and mediating agents. 2367 Sturges, Paul, and Richard Neill. The Quiet Struggle: Libraries and Information for Africa. London: Mansell, 1990. 172 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Mass communication. KEYWORDS: information systems; libraries; print media; PADIS (Pan-African Documentation and Information System). Outlines problems and solutions concerned with access to and distribution of information in Africa. Focuses on library and information development in sub-Saharan Africa. 2368 Thiam, Thierno-Djibi. Les Flux de l'information Sud-Sud en Afrique noire. Fribourg, Switzerland: Editions Universitaires, 1982. 178 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Mass communication, Mass media, Policy analysis, Socioeconomic analysis. KEYWORDS: NOMIC (Nouvel Ordre Mondial de l'Information et de la Communication); PIDC (Programme International pour le Développement de la Communication); PANA (Agence Panafricaine d'Information). 2369 Tjade Eone, M. "La Presse audiovisuelle: son importance et son impact dans l'Afrique d'aujourd'hui." Présence africaine 142 (1987): 50-59. SUBJECTS: Sociological analysis, Mass media, Mass communication. KEYWORDS: television. Presents a historical approach and an economic approach to the impact of television on African society. Examines the future of television as it evolves from a "class" medium to a "mass" medium. 2370 Tudesq, André Jean. La radio en Afrique noire. Paris: A. Pédone, 1983. 312 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Mass media, Mass communication, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: radio; information system. 2371 Ugboajah, Frank Okwu. "'Oramedia' in Africa." In: Mass Communication, Culture and Society in West Africa, edited by Frank Okwu Ugboajah. Oxford, UK: Hans Zeli Publishers for the World Association for Christian Communication, 1985. 165-176 pp. ALSO COVERS: Ghana, Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Informal education, Mass communication, Colonialism, Traditional society. KEYWORDS: communication. 2372 UNESCO, ed. L'Affirmation de l'identité culturelle et la formation de la conscience nationale dans l'Afrique contemporaine. Paris: UNESCO, 1981. 236 pp. SUBJECTS: Cultural identity, Cultural policy, Nation-state, Traditional political system, State formation. 2373 van Niekerk, A. S., Jr., "African religion and development." Development Southern Africa 3, no. 1 (February 1986): 50-66. biblio. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Cultural identity, Religion, Traditional society, Resettlement. KEYWORDS: Black consciousness. Explores the notion of development as a response to the total context of a given community, including external factors, Worldview, thought structures, pattern of meaning, and basic religious convictions. States that the effect of basic religious motives can be seen in the impact of group consciousness, which has a profound effect on

African development perceptions. 2374 Vilasco, Gilles, and Dominique Hado Zidouemba. "La Diffusion des connaissances: le livre et l'édition en Afrique francophone." Afrique contemporaine 151, no. 3 (1989): 41-58. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Mass media, Mass communication. KEYWORDS: information systems; books. Looks at the situation of books in terms of their role in information dissemination in Francophone Africa. Identifies obstacles to the development of literature and explores its prospects. 2375 Waechter, Pierre. "Démarche et action de l'ACCT en matière d'IST." Afrique contemporaine 151, no. 3 (1989): 117-122. SUBJECTS: Mass media, Mass communication. KEYWORDS: information systems; ACCT (Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique). Analyzes the approach of the ACCT to information systems and provides examples of its programs. Highlights the use of French as the vehicle of multilateral cooperation in education, culture, science, and technology for the development of African peoples.

Migration

2376 Adepoju, Aderanti. Population and Space in Africa. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: ECA, 1983. 21 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Migration, Integrated rural development, Population policy, Resettlement, Urbanization. 2377 Chaigneau, Pascal. "Géopolitique des réfugiés en Afrique." L'Afrique et l'Asie modernes 147 (1985): 92-100. SUBJECTS: International relations, Refugees, Refugee migration. KEYWORDS: UNHCR (UN High Commission for Refugees). 2378 Christensen, Hanne. Bibliography of Documentation on Refugees in Africa South of the Sahara. Geneva, Switzerland: UN Research Institute for Social Development, 1981.15 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Refugee migration, Warfare, Political violence, Migration. 2379 CIMADE, INODEP, and MINK, eds. Afrique, terre des réfugiés: que faire? Paris: L'Harmattan, 1984. 210 pp. biblio, maps, other docs. ALSO COVERS: East Africa, Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Refugees, Migration policy, Ethnic conflict, Armed conflict, Drought. KEYWORDS: US-Africa relations; France-Africarelations; USSR-Africa relations; Mobutu Sese Seko; OAU. 2380 Dusaidi, Claude. The O.A.U. and the Refugee Problem in Africa. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: African Human Rights Research Association, 1983. 10 pp. SUBJECTS: Refugee migration, International c o n f l i c t , R e s e t t l e m e n t , E m p l o y m e n t o p p o r t u n i t y . KEYWORDS: OAU. 23 81 Gorman, Robert F. "Coping with the African refugee problem: Reflections on the role of private voluntary organization assistance." Issue: Ajournai of Opinion 12, no. 1/2 (Spring/Summer 1982): 35-40. SUBJECTS: Nongovernmental organization, Refugees, Foreign aid, Resettlement. 2382 Gorman, Robert F. "Taking stock of the Second International Conference on Assistance to Refugees in Africa (ICARAII)." Journal of African Studies 14, no. 1 (Spring 1987): 4-11. SUBJECTS: Refugees, International relations, Refugee migration. KEYWORDS: Second International Conference on Assistance to Refugees in Africa 1984; UNHCR (UN High Commission for Refugees).

AFRICA/Migration

States that the importance of the Second International Conference on Assistance to Refugees in Africa has often been overlooked. Explains the themes and purposes of the conference and addresses how to ensure its success. 2383 Greenfield,Richard."TheOAUandAfrica'srefugees."In:The OAU after Twenty Years, edited by Yassin El-Ayouty and I. William Zartman. New York: Praeger, 1984. 209-247 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Refugee migration, Labor migration, Human rights, Refugees. KEYWORDS: political asylum; OAU; UN. 2384 Gregory, Joël. "Migrations et urbanisation." In: Population et sociétés en Afrique au sud du Sahara, edited by Dominique Tabutin. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1988. 369-399 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Migration, Urbanization, Refugee migration, Class analysis. Looks at history and definitions of recent migrations and urbanization in Africa. Examines several dimensions, such as family structure of migrants, sexual division of migrants, mobility and social class, and community relations between migrant populations and other groups in society. 2385 Harrel-Bond, Barbara E. "Repatriation: Under what conditions is it the most desirable solution for refugees? An agenda for research." The African Studies Review 32, no. 1 (November 1989): 41-69. SUBJECTS: Refugees, Political analysis, Resettlement. KEYWORDS: UNHCR (UN High Commission for Refugees). Analyzes the issue of refugee repatriation as a solution to refugee situations. Notes the pros and cons of repatriation and also suggests the political motivation of UNHCR cost-cutting measures in the move toward emphasizing repatriation. 2386 Harrell-Bond, B. E. "Breaking the vicious circle: Refugees and other displaced persons in Africa." In: The African Social Situation: Crucial Factors of Development and Transformation, edited by ACARTSOD (African Centre for Applied Research and Training in Social Development). London: Hans Zeli, 1990. 92-154 pp. biblio, other docs. SUBJECTS: Refugees, Political analysis, Foreign aid, Nongovernmental organization, Resettlement. KEYWORDS: OAU. Outlines the causes and situation of refugees in Africa today. Describes the problems inherent in the solutions offered to the refugee crisis. Argues that offered solutions do not take into account the political issues. Offers some new approaches and insists on the need for better research. 2387 Hawk, Beverly. "The enduring importance of ethnicity: Africans and the 1965 immigration law." African Studies Association Papers 29, no. 43 (October/November 1986): 1-34. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Ethnicity, Migration policy, Marxist analysis, International economic relations, Migration. KEYWORDS : US Immigration Law 1965; immigration. Explores the 1965 US immigration law from a Marxist- and ethnic-historical perspective. Determines its effect on African immigration. Sides with the ethnic historians in interpreting the new legislation as a reform that removed national quotas but limited African immigration through a qualitative stance.

•

151

Afrique." Afrique contemporaine 117 (September/October 1981): 13-17. SUBJECTS: Refugees, Refugee migration. KEYWORDS: UNHCR (UN High Commission for Refugees). 2390 Kalambay, E. "L'Exode africain." Peuples noirs; peuples africains 6, no. 33 (May/June 1983): 46-50. SUBJECTS: Migration pattern, Political independence, Private sector, Domestic investment, Migration. 2391 Kibreab, Gaim. African refugees: Reflections on the African refugee problem. Trenton, New Jersey: Africa World, 1985. 125 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Refugees, Refugee migration, Crisis management, Political instability, Resettlement. 2392 Kibreab, Gaim. Reflection on the African Refugee Problem: A Critical Analysis of Some Basic Assumptions. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1983. 154 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Angola, Mozambique. SUBJECTS: Refugees, Human rights, Nationalism, Ethnicity, Poverty, Resettlement. KEYWORDS: traditional hospitality; Eritrea. 2393 Lindsay, Beverly, ed. African Migration and National Development. University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1985. 180 pp. SUBJECTS: National development, Economic policy, Migration, Labor migration, Rural-urban migration. 2394 Mlay, Wilfred. "African migration decision-making process." Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review 4, no. 1 (January 1988): 69-81. tables. SUBJECTS: Migration, Household analysis, Migration pattern. KEYWORDS: Harris-Todaro model. Considers the factors that shape African migration decision making. Critiques the Harris-Todaro model of regional income differences as the reason for migration. Describes the stages of migration and the types of household motivations for migrating. Notes the role of remittances in decisionmaking. 2395 Nanda, Ved P. "The African refugee dilemma: A challenge for international law and policy." Africa Today 32, no. 1/2 (1985): 61-75. maps. SUBJECTS: International relations, Refugee migration, International law, Human rights, Migration pattern. KEYWORDS: UN; UNHCR (UN High Commission for Refugees). 2396 Ngolle, Ngolle E. "African refugees: A challenge to international refugee programmes." Africa Quarterly 26, no. 2/4 (1986/1987): 23-36. tables. SUBJECTS: Refugees, Refugee migration, Economic aid, Resettlement. KEYWORDS: OAU; UNHCR (UN High Commission for Refugees). Looks at the African refugee problem from the perspective of the impoverished host country. Concludes that humanitarian relief programs are rendered largely ineffective because aid must subsequently be divided between the host country population and the refugees. 2397 Pitterman, Shelly. "Comparative survey of two decades of international assistance to refugees in Africa." Africa Today 31, no. 1 (1984): 25-54. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Refugee migration, Refugees. KEYWORDS: UNHCR (UN High Commission for Refugees); UN.

2388 Herbst, Jeffrey. "Migration, the politics of protest, and state consolidation in Africa." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 89, no. 355 (April 1990): 183-203. biblio. SUBJECTS: Migration, State formation, International relations, Literature review, Political opposition, Influx control. Argues that the exit option has traditionally been important to Africans who migrated from one political community to another to escape constraints. States that Africans can no longer move so freely. Examines state control of the exit option and whether people will increase their voice in public affairs.

2398 Prothero, R. Mansell. "Populations on the move." Third World Quarterly 9, no. 4 (October 1987): 1282-1310. SUBJECTS: Migration, Demographic analysis, Migration pattern. Criticizes various theories that treat the reasons for demographic movements in the Third World, particularly in Africa. Argues that the reasons are generally more complex than some theories make them appear.

2389 Jouffrey, Roger. "La Conférence de Genève sur les réfugiés en

2399 Ricca, Sergio. International Migration in Africa: Legal and

152 • AFRICA/Migration Administrative Aspects, translated by Jane Drew. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1989. 190 pp. ALSO COVERS: Burkina Faso, Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Migration pattern, Labor migration, Refugee migration, Rural-urban migration, Legal system. KEYWORDS: brain drain. Evaluates migration models and explains the international legal context of migration. Addresses the different types of migration, for instance, travel for jobs both within and outside the continent, the repatriation of migrant laborers, and the plight of refugees. 2400 Rogerson, C. M. "Alternatives to influx control: Policy response to urbanward migration in the Third World." Journal of Contemporary African Studies A, no. 1/2 (October 1984/April 1985): 37-70. tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa, Mozambique. SUBJECTS: Resettlement, Rural-urban migration, Rural development. KEYWORDS: ILO. 2401 Rogge, John R. "Africa's refugees: Causes, solutions, and consequences." Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review 4, no. 1 (January 1988): 83-108. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Refugees, Migration. KEYWORDS: repatriation. Considers Africa's refugee problem and its causes. Describes the solutions suggested in regions with high numbers of refugees. Recommends directions for research on which to establish policy intervention. 2402 Rogge, John R. "Refugee migration and resettlement." In: Redistribution of Population in Africa, edited by John I. Clarke and Leszek A. Kosinski. London: Heinemann Educational, 1982. 39-43 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Refugee migration, Resettlement. 2403 Russell, Sharon Stanton, Karen Jacobsen, and William Deane Stanley. International Migration and Development in Sub-Saharan Africa. 2 vols. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1990. 324 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Migration, Labor market, Education system, Health care system, Agricultural development, Refugee migration, Population growth. KEYWORDS: remittances; repatriation. Reviews literature on population dynamics, development, and migration. Details the scale, trends, patterns, policies, and relationships of migration. Assesses policy implications of international migration. Collates information by country. 2404 Rwelamira, Medard. "Some reflections on the OAU Convention on Refugees: Some pending issues." The Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa 16, no. 2 (July 1983): 155-178. SUBJECTS: International law, Refugee migration, Refugees. KEYWORDS: OAU Convention on Refugees; OAU. 2405 Schultheis, Michael J. "A continent in crisis: Migrants and refugees in Africa." In: Emerging Human Rights: The African Political Economy Context, edited by George W. Shepherd, Jr., and Mark O. C. Anikpo. New York: Greenwood, 1990. 145-162 pp. SUBJECTS: Refugees, Nongovernmental organization, Migration, Religion. Gives a general overview of present conditions in Africa, and of migration in that context. Examines the roles of nongovernmental organizations, especially church and religious organizations, in assisting migrants and refugees and in addressing the underlying causes of their situation. 2406 Schultheis, Michael J. "Refugees in Africa: The Geopolitics of Forced Displacement." The African Studies Review 32, no. 1 (November 1989): 3-29. SUBJECTS: Refugee migration, Geopolitics, Armed conflict, Refugees. KEYWORDS: UNHCR (UN High Commission for Refugees). Discusses the African refugee situation ofthe 1980s. Outlines the post-World War II work of the UNHCR in defining refugee status and assisting refugees and discusses the current impact of the UNHCR in

Africa. States that the cause of the refugee crises rests in the geopolitical context of the struggles between and within nations. 2407 Stren, Richard. "African cities in the seventies: The politics and policies of rapid growth." In: Into the 80s: Proceedings ofthe Eleventh Annual Conference ofthe Canadian Association of African Studies, edited by Donald Ray, Peter Shinnie, and Donovan Williams. Vancouver, Canada: Tantalus, 1981. 38-63 pp. SUBJECTS: Urban planning policy, Population growth, Rural-urban migration, Class formation, Political power, Migration pattern. 2408 US General Accounting Office. International Assistance to Refugees in Africa Can Be Improved: Report to the Congress by the Comptroller General of the United States. Washington, DC: USGAO, 1982. 55 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Refugee migration, Foreign aid policy, Refugees, Poverty, Project design. 2409 Yeboah, Yaa Frempomaa. Migrant Workers in West Africa, with Special Reference to Nigeria and Ghana. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1986. 46 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria, Ghana. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Migration policy, Human rights, Political integration, Labor migration, Refugees. KEYWORDS: expulsion policy; ECOWAS; immigration. Examines the migration policies of Nigeria and Ghana. Evaluates the formulation and application of international migration policies in light of the economic and social aims of governments, employers, and workers. Addresses the policy of expulsion of non-Nigerians from Nigeria during the mid-1980s.

Military Affairs

2410 Adanzeto, Germain. "Les Conditions d'une paix durable." In: Philosophie africaine: paix, justice, travail. Actes de la lOème Semaine Philosophique de Kinshasa du 30 novembre au 6 décembre 1986, edited by Faculté de Philosophie. Kinshasa, Zaire: Facultés Catholiques de Kinshasa, 1988. 97-101 pp. SUBJECTS: Armed conflict, Warfare. KEYWORDS: philosophy; peace studies. Discusses theories of peace, war, and exterminism. Concludes with an analysis of conditions for lasting peace. 2411 Adeniran, Tunde. "Nuclear proliferation and Black Africa: The coming crisis of choice." Third World Quarterly 3, no. 4 (October 1981): 673-683. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa, Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Defense policy, Nuclear capability. KEYWORDS: Nigeria-RSA relations. 2412 Agyeman, Opoku. "Setbacks to political institutionalisation by praetorianism in Africa." The Journal of Modern African Studies 26, no. 3 (September 1988): 403-435. SUBJECTS: Neocolonialism, Corruption, Military budget, Coupd'état. KEYWORDS: demilitarization; UAS (Union of African States). Aims to show that an African military would threaten effective imposition of despotic rule over society. Discusses military opposition to social change and democracy, and the importance of the institutionalization process. Compares the modern-day military to that of the colonial era. 2413 Agyeman-Duah, Baffour. "A theory of incorporation: An explanation for superpowers' strategy in Africa." The African Review 10, no. 1 (1983): 19-39. tables. SUBJECTS: Superpower politics, Military alliance, Imperialism, Dependency theory, Arms industry. KEYWORDS: US-Africa relations. 2414 Agyeman-Duah, Baffour. "Nuclear weapons free zones and

AFRICA/Military Affairs • 1 5 3 disarmament." Africa Today 32, no. 1/2 (1985): 77-89. SUBJECTS: Nuclear capability, International relations, National security, Nuclear energy. 2415 Albright, David E. "An overview of communist arms transfers to sub-Saharan Africa." In: Arms for Africa: Military Assistance and Foreign Policy in the Developing World, edited by Bruce E. Arlinghaus. Lexington, Massachussetts: Lexington Books, 1983.21-37 pp. SUBJECTS: Strategic policy, Arms industry, Military aid, National liberation movement. KEYWORDS: USSR-Africa relations. 2416 Albright, David E. The USSR and Sub-Saharan Africa in the 1980s. New York: Strategic and International Studies, Georgetown University, 1983. 142 pp. ALSO COVERS: Ethiopia, Zaire. SUBJECTS: International conflict, Superpower politics, Strategic policy. KEYWORDS: USSR-Somalia relations; USSR-RSA relations. 2417 Allan, Pierre, and Albert A. Stahel. 'Tribal warfare against a colonial power: Analyzing the war in Afghanistan." The Journal of Conflict Resolution 27, no. 4 (1983): 590-617. tables. ALSO COVERS: Sudan, Angola. SUBJECTS: Ethnic conflict, Guerrilla activity, Colonialism. 2418 Aluko, Olajide. "African response to external intervention in Africa since Angola." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 80, no. 319 (April 1981): 159-179. ALSO COVERS: Uganda, Tanzania. SUBJECTS: National security, Military intervention, Superpower politics. KEYWORDS: Libya-Angola relations; OAU; Uganda National Liberation Front. 2419 Arlinghaus, Bruce, and Pauline Baker, eds. African Armies, Evolution and Capabilities. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1986.202 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Military budget, Military policy, International relations, National security, Warfare. Deals with the evolution of African armed forces within the context of their broader societies and assesses their current capabilities and effectiveness as military institutions. Emphasizes specific political-military issues rather than describing the order of battle of various nations. 2420 Arlinghaus, Bruce E., ed. Arms for Africa: Military Assistance and Foreign Policy in the Developing World. Lexington, Massachusetts: Lexington, 1983. 250 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Communism, Arms industry, Military aid, Military policy, Strategic policy. KEYWORDS: France-Africa relations; West Germany-Africa relations; Eastern Europe-Africa relations; China-Africa relations. 2421 Arlinghaus, Bruce E. "Linkage and leverage in African arms transfers." In: Armsfor Africa: Military Assistance andForeignPolicy in the Developing World, edited by Bruce E. Arlinghaus. Lexington, Massachussetts: Lexington, 1983. 3-17 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Military policy, Arms industry, Military aid, Strategic policy. KEYWORDS: US-Africa relations. 2422 Babatope, Ebenezer. Coups Africa: And the Barrack Revolts. Enugu, Nigeria: Fourth Dimension, 1981.180 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Revolutionary movement, Coup d'état, Military intervention. KEYWORDS: Operation DAMISSA. 2423 Barbier, Maurice. Le Conflit du Sahara occidental. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1982. 419 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Western Sahara. SUBJECTS: Insurgency, Liberation movement, Border conflict, Regional conflict, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: POLISARIO; S ADR (Saharan Arab Democratic Republic); OAU; Western Sahara-Morocco conflict, 1975-present. 2424 Barrows, Walter L. "Changing military capabilities in Black Africa." In: Arms and the African: Military Influences on Africa's

International Relations, edited by William J. Foltz and Henry S. Bienen. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1985. 99120 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Military policy, Armed forces. 2425 Baynham, S. J. 'The military in Africa." Africa Insight 15, no. 4 (1985): 277-282. tables. SUBJECTS: Military intervention, Coup d'état, Military policy. 2426 Baynham, Simon. "Armed forces in Africa." In: Military Power and Politics in Black Africa, edited by Simon Baynham. London: Croom Helm, 1986.1-37 pp. SUBJECTS: Military intervention, Military policy, Military government, Civilian government, National security. Examines the role of the African military since independence, military governments, military intervention at home and abroad, and the political role of the military in or out of direct power. 2427 Baynham, Simon, ed. Military Power and Politics in Black Africa. London: Croom Helm, 1986. 333 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Military government, Arms industry, Military policy, Revolutionary movement, Foreign policy, Coup d'état. KEYWORDS: arms control; OAU. Comments on military power and politics in Africa south of the Sahara. Focuses on the internal influence of the military establishment and discusses the internal dimensions of military force in that area. 2428 Benchenane, Mustapha. Les Armées africaines. Paris: Publisud, 1983. 221 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Military government, Arms industry, National security, Colonialism, Nation-state, Liberation movement, Military intervention. 2429 Beshir, Mohamed Omer. "Conflict and conflict resolution in Africa—with special reference to Sudan." In: Organization of African Unity: 25 Years On: Essays in Honour ofKwame Nkrumah, edited by Kwesi Krafona. London: Afroworld, 1988. 131-145 pp. ALSO COVERS: Sudan. SUBJECTS: Conflict resolution, Warfare, Border conflict, Ethnic conflict, Military aid, Apartheid. KEYWORDS: OAU; West Germany-Africa relations; France-Africa relations; Sudan Civil War, 1955-1972; Sudan Civil War, 1982-present. Describes the ongoing conflicts between and within African states that stand in need of resolution. Argues that these conflicts are fueled by illogical borders drawn by the colonial powers, ethnic and cultural oppression, and the foreign supply of arms. Analyzes the thirty-year civil war in Sudan. 2430 Bienen, Henry S. "African militaries as foreign policy actors." In: Arms and the African : Military Influences on Africa ' s International Relations, edited by William J. Foltz and Henry S. Bienen. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1985. 153-170 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Military policy, Defense policy, Nationalism, Diplomatic relations, Military budget. KEYWORDS: ANC; Nkrumah, Kwame; Mugabe, Robert Gabriel. 2431 Bienen, Henry S. "Military rule and military order in Africa." In: Africa in the Post-Decolonization Era, edited by Richard E. Bissell and Michael S. Radu. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction, 1984.41-57 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Military government, Military intervention, Military policy. KEYWORDS: USAfrica relations. 2432 Bienen, Henry S. "Military rule and military order in Africa." Orbis 25, no. 4 (Winter 1982): 949-965. SUBJECTS: International relations, Military government, Military intervention, Military policy. KEYWORDS: US-Africa relations. 2433 Biyoya, Makutu Kahandja. "Quelques réflexions sur le système africain de sécurité collective régionale." Le Mois en Afrique: études

154 • AFRICA/Military Affairs politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 241/242 (1986): 43-50. SUBJECTS: Regional security, Superpower politics, Regional conflict. KEYWORDS: OAU; Congo Crisis 1960-1965. Assesses the need for African nations to develop policies that enable them to defend themselves in the face of increasing tensions between the US and the USSR. Examines the problem of security, including Africa's system of regional collective security, and the role of the OAU in the security of African nations. 2434 Biyoya Makutu, B. K. "Réflexions sur la course aux armements en Afrique." Le Mois en Afrique: etudes politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 225/226 (1984): 37-54. SUBJECTS: Foreign aid, Arms industry, Military policy, Defense policy. KEYWORDS: militarization. 2435 Brayton, Abbott A. "Arms control in Africa." In: Military Power and Politics in Black Africa, edited by Simon Baynham. London: Croom Helm, 1986. 259-290 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Military intervention, Military policy, Arms industry. KEYWORDS: OAU; arms control. Discusses how social, political, and economic factors explain the limitation of armaments in Africa. Concludes that the joint action of the major powers with the OAU Military Information Committee could bring about arms control and peaceful resolution of conflicts.

2442 Chaigneau, Pascal. La Politique militaire de la France en Afrique. Paris: CHEAM (Centre des Hautes Etudes sur l'Afrique et l'Asie Mod), 1984.143 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Military policy, International relations, Military aid, Political alliance, Intervention policy, Defense policy. KEYWORDS: de Gaulle, Charles; France-Africa relations. 2443 Chan, Steve. "Mirror, mirror on the wall: Are the freer countries more pacific?" The Journal of Conflict Resolution 28, no. 4 (1984): 617-648. tables. SUBJECTS: Military policy, Warfare, Democratization. 2444 Coker, Christopher. NATO, the Warsaw Pact and Africa. London: Macmillan, 1985. 302 pp. biblio, maps. SUBJECTS: Military alliance, Political alliance, Intervention policy, Regional security, International relations. KEYWORDS: NATO-Africa relations; Warsaw Pact. 2445 Conteh-Morgan, Earl. "The arming of Africa." TransAfrica Forum 5, no. 4 (Summer 1988): 29-40. SUBJECTS: Military alliance, Military policy, Military budget, Arms industry. Reviews the rising trend in armaments between 1965 and 1985, and concludes that military expenditure was influenced by intraregional conflicts, internal politics, and superpower rivalry.

2437 Brzoska, Michael. "Arms transfer data sources." The Journal of Conflict Resolution 26, no. 1 (1982): 77-108. tables. SUBJECTS: Military budget, Military aid, Arms industry.

2446 Copson, Raymond W. "African flashpoints: Prospects for armed international conflict." In: Africa in the Post-Decolonization Era, edited by Richard E. Bissell and Michael S. Radu. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction, 1984. 183-203 pp. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa, Libya. SUBJECTS: International relations, International conflict, Military intervention, Economic integration, Foreign aid, Armed conflict. KEYWORDS: OAU; ECOWAS; Horn of Africa; Qaddafi, Muammar; Somalia-Ethiopia relations.

2438 Bukarambe, Bukar. "The role and impact of the OAU in the management of African conflicts." In: Southern Africa: Regional Security Problems and Prospects, edited by Robert Jaster. Aldershot, UK: Gower, 1985. 133-141 pp. ALSO COVERS: Chad, Western Sahara. SUBJECTS: Regional security, International relations, Conflict, Military aid, Pan-Africanism. KEYWORDS: OAU.

2447 Cowen, Regina. "West German arms transfers to sub-Saharan Africa: Commercialism versus foreign policy." In: Arms for Africa: Military Assistance and Foreign Policy in the Developing World, edited by Bruce E. Arlinghaus. Lexington, Massachussetts: Lexington Books, 1983.153-178pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Arms industry,Military aid. KEYWORDS: West Germany-Africa relations.

2439 Burnham, Robert, and Gerald W. Hopple. "Soviet military assistance and UN voting patterns of African nations: A correlational analysis." The Jerusalem Journal of International Relations 8, no. 1 (1986): 1-33. biblio. SUBJECTS: International relations, Military aid, Arms industry, Behavioral analysis. Discusses the relationship between USSR military assistance and the voting behavior of African countries at the UN, concluding that assistance-vote relations vary according to time and issues.

2448 Daddieh, Cyril Kofie, and Timothy M. Shaw. "The political economy of decision-making in African foreign policy: Recognition of Biafra and the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA)." Revue internationale de science politique/International Political Science Review 5, no. 1 (1984): 21-46. ALSO COVERS: Angola, Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Conflict resolution, Foreign policy, Regional cooperation, Civil war, Warfare. KEYWORDS: isolationism; MPLA; Biafran war; OAU.

2440 Cammack, Diana. "Les Réfugiés en Afrique." Année africaine (1985/1986): 7-31. other docs. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Armed conflict, Refugee migration, Warfare, Agricultural development, Economic crisis. KEYWORDS: Horn of Africa; UNHCR (UN High Commission for Refugees). Examines the refugee problem in the Horn of Africa and Southern Africa. Assesses the reasons for such large migration in both regions.

2449 Davidson, Basil. The People's Cause: A History of Guerrillas in Africa. Harlow, Essex, UK: Longman, 1981. 210 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Insurgency, National liberation movement, Military government, Leadership analysis, Guerrilla activity. KEYWORDS: Nuh, Askia.

2436 Brayton, Abbott A. 'The politics of arms limitations in Africa." The African Studies Review 26, no. 1 (March 1983): 73-89. tables. SUBJECTS: Military budget, Armed forces, Political instability, Colonialism, Coup d'état. KEYWORDS: arms control.

2441 Cervenka, Zdenek. 'The effects of militarization of Africa on human rights." Africa Today 34, no. 1/2 (1987): 69-83. tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Coup d'état, Refugee migration, Liberation movement, Human rights, Warfare. KEYWORDS: militarization. Discusses the involvement of the military in the political life of African nations in the postwar wave of independence. Analyzes liberation wars and attrition wars. Examines military expenditures and the consequences of militarization on human rights. Concludes that change must come from within.

2450 Davydov, V. F. "Nuclear weapons and the developing world." Africa in Soviet Studies (1985): 16-29. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Nuclear capability, International relations, Military policy, Superpower politics, Nuclear energy. KEYWORDS: Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons 1968; Mazrui, Ali AF Amin. 2451 Dommen, Edward, and Alfred Maizels. "The military burden in developing countries." The Journal of Modern African Studies 26, no. 3 (September 1988): 377-401. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Regional conflict, Military aid, International economic relations, Coup d'état, Political alliance. KEYWORDS:

AFRICA/Military Affairs • 155 Frontline states; littoral states; landlocked countries. Discusses the impact of military expenditures on economic growth. Includes a quantitative analysis of factors influencing military expenditures. Concludes that differences among developing countries in the relative size of their military burdens are not solely a reflection of differences in wars or tensions with neighbors. 2452 Faligot, Roger. "Les Services secrets français en Afrique." In: La France contre l'Afrique, edited by François Maspero. Paris: F. Maspero, 1981. 115-130 pp. SUBJECTS: National security, Military intervention, International relations, Political crisis. KEYWORDS: SDECE (Service de Documentation Extérieure et de Contre-espionnage); CIA; Giscard d'Estaing, Valéry; covert activity; France-Africa relations.

to become involved in aid programs. 2460 Gromyko, Anatoly A., and C. S. Whitaker, eds. Agenda for Action: African-Soviet-U.S. Cooperation. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1990.290 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: International cooperation, Regional security, Environmental analysis, Agricultural production, Debt crisis, Arms industry. KEYWORDS: US-USSR relations; USAfrica relations; USSR-Africa relations; disease. A collection of essays by US, USSR, and African scholars about the possibilities for cooperation as the formerly hostile US and USSR revitalize their own relationship and turn to Africa's development as well. Addresses the agrarian sector, the environment, debt, communications, health, and military issues.

2454 Foltz, William J. "Africa in great-power strategy." In: Arms and the African: Military Influences on Africa's International Relations, edited by William J. Foltz and Henry S. Bienen. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1985.1-27 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Strategic policy, Military policy, Nationalism, Technology.

2461 Grundy, Kenneth W. "Armed conflict and competition in Africa." In: Africa in the 1990s and Beyond: U.S. Policy Opportunities and Choices, edited by Robert I. Rotberg. Algonac, Michigan: Reference Publications, 1988. 242-264 pp. SUBJECTS: Armed forces, Military policy, Warfare, Superpower politics, Foreign policy, Arms industry. KEYWORDS: militarization; arms sales; US-Africa relations. Argues that African wars tend to burn out quickly when not fueled by foreign governments or arms suppliers. Recommends that the US try to convince arms suppliers to reduce their transfers to African governments. Suggests that an economic mediation role is a wiser course for the US than military intervention.

2455 Foltz, William J. "Militarization of Africa: Trends and policy problems." In: Arms and the African: Military Influences on Africa's International Relations, edited by William J. Foltz and Henry S. Bienen. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1985. 171193 pp. SUBJECTS: Military policy, Intervention policy, Policy analysis, Military budget. KEYWORDS: militarization; SWAPO; OAU; ZIPRA (Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army).

2462 Guillemin, Jacques. "L'Intervention extérieure dans la politique militaire de la France en Afrique noire francophone et à Madagascar." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 186/187 (1981): 43-58. ALSO COVERS: Madagascar. SUBJECTS: Military intervention, Military aid, Military alliance, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: Francophone Africa; Giscard d'Estaing, Valéry; de Gaulle, Charles; Pompidou, Georges.

2456 Gann, L. H., and Peter Duignan. Africa South of the Sahara: The Challenge to Western Security. Stanford, California: Hoover Institution Press, Stanford University, 1981. 114 pp. tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Regional security, Historical analysis, Political analysis, Warfare, Geographical analysis, Superpower politics. KEYWORDS: US-Africa relations; USSR-Africa relations; MPLA; FRELIMO; ZANU.

2463 Hansen, Emmanuel, ed. Africa: Perspectives on Peace and Development. London: Zed, 1987. 237 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Ethiopia, Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic integration, Conflict, Foreign policy, Conflict resolution. KEYWORDS: SADCC; ECOWAS; ECA; OAU. Deals with the issues of peace and security in Africa and how they apply to broader regional realities. The first in a series of six seminars organized by the UN University.

2453 Faligot, Roger. Services secrets en Afrique. Paris: Sycomore, 1982. 133 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, National security, Military intervention. KEYWORDS: covert activity; CIA; KGB (Kometet Gosondorstevensi Besopasnosti); SDECE (Service de Documentation Extérieure et de Contre-espionnage); secret services.

2457 Goldsworthy, David. "Civilian control of the military in Black Africa." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 80, no. 318 (January 1981): 49-74. tables. SUBJECTS: Military policy, Intervention policy, Coup d'état. KEYWORDS: Huntington, Samuel P.; Luckham, Robin; civil-military relations. 2458 Goncharov, V. 1. "Africa: Militarization or development?" Africa in Soviet Studies (1989): 45-53. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Arms industry, Military budget, Armed forces. KEYWORDS: militarization. Advocates disarmament for development. Suggests that development and the arms race are mutually exclusive. Discusses African expenditures on military equipment, and foreign production and sales of weapons. 2459 Gordenker, Leon, and Thomas G. Weiss. "Humanitarian emergencies and military help: Some conceptual observations." In: Humanitarian Emergencies and Military Help in Africa, edited by Thomas G. Weiss. Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan, 1990. 1-23 pp. SUBJECTS : Foreign aid, Military aid, Military policy. KEYWORDS : humanitarian aid. Questions whether, or under which circumstances, foreign military organizations may offer help as part of international responses to humanitarian emergencies. Analyzes the functions of such military units and examines the constraints that would apply if such forces were

2464 Harbeson, John W., ed. The Military in African Politics. New York: Praeger, 1987. 197 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Algeria, Benin. SUBJECTS: National security, Military policy, Military government, Revolutionary movement, Political succession. KEYWORDS: Boumédienne, Houari; Kérékou, Mathieu; Numayri, Ja'far Muhammad; Obasanjo, Olusegun; Mengistu Haile Mariam. Looks at military rulers as political actors in Africa today, with a focus on the political behavior of the military officers in power and the means through which they assert their power. Addresses how military leaders have dealt with problems of regime succession. 2465 Harkavy, Robert E. "Lessons of recent wars: A comparative perspective."ThirdWorldQuarterly 6, no. 4 (October 1984): 868-891. ALSO COVERS: Western Sahara, Namibia. SUBJECTS: Arms industry, Strategic policy, International conflict. KEYWORDS: military geography. 2466 Hill, Stuart, and Donald Rothchild. "Contagion of political conflict in Africa and the world." The Journal of Conflict Resolution 30, no. 4 (1986): 716-735. tables. SUBJECTS: Political conflict, Mass media, Ethnic conflict, Border conflict, Political violence. KEYWORDS: popular protest. Specifies how domestic political conflict can diffuse across state boundaries. Focuses on 1962 to 1966 and 1971 to 1975, when recep-

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tivity to outside political conflict was related to domestic strife and polarized societies. States that media development slows the spread of conflict by offering elites an important means to control information about outside discord. 2467 Howeidi, Amin. "The Arabs and Africa and joint security issues." In: The Arabs and Africa, edited by Khair El-Din Haseeb. Beirut, Lebanon: Centre for Arab Unity Studies, 1985. 519-573 pp. SUBJECTS: National security, Military alliance, Regional security. KEYWORDS: Arab-Africa relations. 2468 Hughes, Arnold, and Roy May. "Armies on loan: Toward an explanation of trans-national military intervention among Black African states: 1960-85." In: Military Power and Politics in Black Africa, edited by Simon Baynham. London: Croom Helm, 1986. 177-202 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: National security, Military intervention, Armed forces, International conflict. KEYWORDS: OAU. Discusses the use of military power in African relations by looking at instances of military intervention in interstate relations in postcolonial Africa. Addresses the deployment of elements of the armed forces in open support of foreign policy objectives in the territory of other countries. 2469 Ihonvbere, Julius. "Instability and military intervention on politics in the periphery." In: The Impact of Military Rule in Nigeria's Administration, edited by A. O. Sanda, Olusola Ojo, and Victor Ayeni. Ile-Ife, Nigeria: University of Ife Press, 1987. 31-51 pp. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Political instability, Coup d'état, Military intervention. KEYWORDS: Janowitz, Morris; Huntington, Samuel P. Assesses political instability in developing countries. Applies theoretical agruments to a study of Nigeria and the role of the military in Nigerian politics. 2470 Institut Africain d'Etudes Stratégiques de Libreville, ed. Les Armées africaines. Paris: Economica, 1986.147 pp. ALSO COVERS: West Africa, Gabon. SUBJECTS: Armed forces, One-party system, Military government, Coup d'état. KEYWORDS: traditional army. Examines the vast panorama of the African military and the problems that correspond to its functions. Analyzes the "specificity" of African armed forces in the context of traditional armies, populist armies, paramilitary forces, and single-party systems. 2471 Jackman, Robert W., Rosemary H. T. O'Kane, Thomas H. Johnson, and Robert O. Slater. "Explaining African coups d'état." American Political Science Review 80, no. 1 (March 1986): 225-249. tables. SUBJECTS: Military intervention, Coup d'état. Presents a debate by five scholars on the accuracy of an article written about coups d'état in Africa. Discusses characteristics of the military, national political economy, and social mobility as potential influences on the coup d'état. Gives 1985 forecasts for countries with high, moderate, and low coup d'état potential. 2472 Johnson, Robert H. "Misguided morality: Ethics and the Reagan Doctrine." Political Science Quarterly 103, no. 3 (1988): 509-529. ALSO COVERS: Angola, Mozambique. SUBJECTS: International relations, Military intervention, Insurgency. KEYWORDS: Reagan, Ronald. Argues that the Reagan view of the Third World is fictional and ideological, seen through the lens of the superpower conflict. Reviews the Reagan administration's involvement in Southern Africa and the moral and human costs of that involvement. 2473 Johnson, Thomas H., Robert O. Slater, and Pat McGowan. "Explaining African military coups d'état, 1960-1982." American Political Science Review 78, no. 3 (1984): 622-640. tables. SUBJECTS: Military intervention, Coup d'état, Political participation.

KEYWORDS: pluralism. 2474 Kanet, Roger E. "Military relations between Eastern Europe and Africa." In: Arms for Africa: Military Assistance and Foreign Policy in the Developing World, edited by Bruce E. Arlinghaus. Lexington, Massachussetts: Lexington Books, 1983.79-99 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Military alliance, Military policy, Military aid, Communism. KEYWORDS: USSR-Africa relations. 2475 Kanet, Roger E. "Military relations between Eastern Europe and Africa." African Studies Association Papers 24, no. 47/69 (1981): 1-28. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic relations, Military policy, International relations, Military aid, Arms industry. KEYWORDS: Eastern Europe-Africa relations. 2476 Kohler, Daniel F. The Effects of Defense and Security on Capital Formation in Africa: An Empirical Investigation. Santa Monica, California: Rand Corporation, 1988. 55 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Strategic policy, Defense policy, Military budget, Armed forces, Capital formation. Explores the positive and negative effects of increasing military security at the expense of other resource investment. Looks at how the military influences economic development. Concludes that military expenditures do not impede economic growth and in fact are associated with higher fixed capital formation. 2477 Kolodziej, Edward A., and Bokanga Lokulutu. "Security interests and French arms transfer policy in sub-Saharan Africa." African Studies Association Papers 24, no. 47/69 (1981): 1-23. tables. SUBJECTS: Military aid, Military intervention, Historical analysis, Arms industry. KEYWORDS: France-Africa relations. 2478 Kolodziej, Edward A., and Bokanga Lokulutu. "Security interests and French arms-transfer policy in sub-Saharan Africa." In: Arms for Africa: Military Assistance and Foreign Policy in the Developing World, edited by Bruce E. Arlinghaus. Lexington, Massachussetts: Lexington, 1983. 125-152 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Military intervention, Foreign policy, Military aid, Military policy, Strategic policy. KEYWORDS: France-Africa relations. 2479 Krause, Joachim. "Soviet arms transfers to sub-Saharan Africa." In: The Soviet Impact in Africa, edited by R. Craig Nation and Mark V. Kauppi. Lexington, Massachusetts: Lexington, 1984. 125145 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Arms industry, Military policy, Strategic policy. KEYWORDS: MPLA; USSR-Africa relations. 2480 Laurance, Edward J. "Soviet arms transfers in the 1980s: Declining influence in sub-Saharan Africa." In: Arms for Africa: Military Assistance and Foreign Policy in the Developing World, edited by Bruce E. Arlinghaus. Lexington, Massachussetts: Lexington Books, 1983. 39-77 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Ethiopia, Zambia. SUBJECTS: International conflict, Arms industry, Military aid, Economic development. KEYWORDS: USSR-Guinea relations; USSR-Cape Verde relations; USSR-Tanzania relations; US-Africa relations; USSR-Africa relations. 2481 Legum, Colin. "Africa's search for nationhood and stability." Journal of Contemporary African Studies (October 1985): 21-45. SUBJECTS: Nationalist movement, Independence movement, Colonialism, Military government, Military intervention, Regional conflict. KEYWORDS: OAU. 2482 Lisevich, A. M. "Arms transfers and reductions in Africa's military spending." In: Agenda for Action: African-Soviet-U.S. Cooperation, edited by Anatoly A. Gromyko and C. S. Whitaker. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1990. 201-206 pp. SUBJECTS: Arms industry, Military budget, International cooperation. KEYWORDS: US-USSR relations.

AFRICA/Military Affairs • Notes that military spending in the Third World has been rising faster than in the industrialized countries. Suggests that a new approach is needed to the relationship between disarmament and development. Recommends switching military spending to development financing. 2483 Looney, Robert E. "The role of military expenditures in the African economic crisis." The Jerusalem Journal of International Relations 12, no. 1 (January 1990): 76-101. tables. SUBJECTS: Armed forces, Military budget, Economic crisis. Presents statistics comparing the level of military spending with economic development indicators in Africa during the period 19701982. Links increased military spending in some of these countries with a corresponding decline in economic strength. States that this finding cannot be generalized to all countries. 2484 Luckham, R. "Le militarisme français en Afrique." Politique africaine 2, no. 6 (May 1982): 45-71. SUBJECTS: Military aid, Intervention policy, Military alliance. KEYWORDS: France-Africa relations. 2485 Luckham, Robin. "African-Arab OECD military relations: The recycling of imperialism." In: Interdependence in a World of Unequals: African-Arab-OECD Economic Cooperation for Development, edited by Dunstan M. Wai. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1982.47-72 pp. SUBJECTS: Military aid, Imperialism, Regional security. KEYWORDS: OPEC; OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development); NATO; Warsaw Pact; Arab-Africa relations. 2486 MacFarlane, S. Neil. "Africa's decaying security system and the rise of intervention." International Security 8, no. 4 (Spring 1984): 127-151. tables. SUBJECTS: Conflict resolution, Regional conflict, Economic crisis, Defense policy. KEYWORDS: OAU; MPLA; UNITA. 2487 Martin, Guy. "Uranium: A case-study in Franco-African relations." The Journal of Modern African Studies 27, no. 4 (December 1989): 625-640. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Nuclear capability, Strategic policy. KEYWORDS: uranium; Francophone Africa; COGEMA (Compagnie Générale des Matières Nucléaires); CEA (Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique); France-Africa relations. Analyzes French foreign policy with respect to uranium needs for its nuclear power and defense capabilities. Argues that this has been a significant factor in its strong ties to particular African countries. Maintains that this dependency will lead to new relationships to ensure constant supplies. 2488 Mathews, K. "The Organization of African Unity." In: African Regional Organizations, edited by Domenico Mazzeo. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1984.49-84 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic cooperation, International relations, Regional security, Conflict resolution. KEYWORDS: OAU; Addis Ababa Conference 1963; Nkrumah, Kwame. 2489 Mazrui, Ali A. "The Third World and international terrorism: Preliminary reflections." Third World Quarterly 7, no. 2 (April 1985): 348-364. SUBJECTS: Terrorism. KEYWORDS: PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization). 2490 McGowan, Pat, and Thomas H. Johnson. "African military coups d'état and underdevelopment: A quantitative historical analysis." The Journal ofModern African Studies!!, no. 3 (September 1984): 633-666. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Military intervention, Modernization theory, Underdevelopment, Regionalism, Armed forces. 2491 Meso-Lago, Carmelo, and June Belkin, eds. Cuba in Africa. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Center for Latin American Studies, Univer-

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sity of Pittsburgh, 1982. 230 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Military aid, International relations, Military intervention, Economic relations, International cooperation. KEYWORDS: Cuba-Africa relations; Horn of Africa. 2492 Moose, George E. "French military policy in Africa." In: Arms and the African: Military Influences on Africa's International Relations, edited by William J. Foltz and Henry S. Bienen. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1985.59-97 pp. ALSO COVERS: Zaire, Chad. SUBJECTS: International relations, Military aid, Military alliance. KEYWORDS: France-Africa relations; OAU. 2493 Mozaffar, Shaheen. Leadership Process and the Management of Ethnic Conflict in Africa. Boston, Massachusetts: African Studies Center, Boston University, 1986. 30 pp. SUBJECTS: Conflict, Ethnic conflict, Ethnic politics, Ethnicity, Leadership analysis. Focuses on the management of state-ethnic conflict and the leadership process. Discusses the policy choices and strategies aimed at distributing burdens and benefits among competing ethnic groups and at altering the balance of political power between these groups and the state in favor of the state. 2494 Mujaju, Akiki Bornera. "Internal conflict and its international context." In: Conflict Resolution in Uganda, edited by Kumar Rupesinghe. London: James Currey, 1989, 1989. 249-274 pp. ALSO COVERS: Uganda. SUBJECTS: Internal conflict, Foreign aid, Military intervention. KEYWORDS: OAU. Analyzes the issue of internal conflict through an examination of Africa as a whole. Gives examples from throughout Africa to demonstrate the connection between internal and external forces in furthering internal conflicts. Discusses the negative impacts of these conflicts on Africa and possible means of reducing them through a strengthening of the OAU. 2495 Mushkat, Roda. "Jus in bello revisited." The Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africall,no. 1 (March 1988): 1-50. SUBJECTS: Military policy, International law, Warfare, Conflict. KEYWORDS: jus in bello. Examines the use of force to enforce international law, with an eye to determining whether jus in bello still offers a viable framework for the restraint of conduct by parties engaged in armed conflict. 2496 Mwayila, Tsshiyembe. "L'O.U.A. face à un nouvel ordre de sécurité regionale." Présence africaine 146 (1988): 25-60. SUBJECTS: International relations, Regional security, Decolonization, Regional conflict, Pan-Africanism, Apartheid, Political stability. KEYWORDS: regional destabilization; OAU. Considers the OAU's inability to develop a model for regional security in Africa. Examines the organization's role in decolonization, in dismantling apartheid, and in defending the sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity of the member states. 2497 Nnoli, Okwudiba. "Realizing peace, development and regional security in Africa: A plan for action." In: Africa: Perspectives on Peace and Development, edited by Emmanuel Hansen. London: Zed, 1987. 215-232 pp. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Conflict resolution, Economic development, Political repression, Imperialism, Regional security. KEYWORDS: structural violence. States that overcoming structural violence through policies focused on achieving peace is a key to national development strategies. Discusses threats to peace in the form of imperialism, repression, South African aggression, and external repression. Recommends strategic and tactical policies for reform. 2498 Nweke, G. Aforka. African security in the nuclear age. Enugu, Nigeria: Forth Dimension, 1985. 154 pp. biblio, maps. SUBJECTS: Regional security, Nuclear capability, Armed forces, International relations, National security.

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2499 Obasanjo, Olusegun. "Africa's needs." Foreign Policy no. 57 (1984/1985): 80-91. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria, Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Military budget, Arms industry, International relations, Underdevelopment, Neocolonialism. KEYWORDS: US-Africa relations; constructive engagement. 2500 Ogunbadejo, Oye. "Africa's nuclear capability." The Journal of Modern African Studies 22, no. 1 (March 1984): 19-43. ALSO COVERS: Libya, Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Nuclear capability, Nuclear energy, Defense policy, International politics. KEYWORDS: Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons 1968; IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency). 2501 Ogunbadejo, Oye. The International Politics of Africa's Strategic Minerals. London: Pinter, 1985.213 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Political economy studies, Strategic policy, Military policy, Mining, Natural resource management. KEYWORDS: strategic minerals. 2502 Ogunbambi, Rafiq O. "Sources of military intervention in independent states." Politica internazaionale 4, no. 2 (Autumn 1985): 69-73. SUBJECTS: Ethnicity, Military government, Strategic policy, Military intervention. 2503 Ojo, Olusola. Africa and Israel: Relations in Perspective. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1988.181pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa, Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Economic relations, Military aid, Warfare, Political alliance, International relations. KEYWORDS: Israel-Africa relations. Examines the complexities of Israel's relations with Africa. Discusses economic, political, and military ties between the two beginning about 1958. Offers insights about the future relations of Africa with Israel. 2504 Orwa, D. K. "Causes of conflict in the relations of African states." In: African International Relations, edited by J. C. B. Olatunde, D. K. Orwa, and C. M. B. Utete. New York: Longman, 1985. 129-141 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Conflict, Political ideology, Coup d'état, International conflict. KEYWORDS: OAU. 2505 Orwa, D. Katete. "National security: An African perspective." In: African Security Issues: Sovereignty, Stability and Solidarity, edited by Bruce E. Arlinghaus. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1984. 203-211 pp. SUBJECTS: National security, National planning policy, Conflict, Military policy. KEYWORDS: UN; OAU. 2506 Ostheimer, John. "Peacekeeping and warmaking: Future military challenges in Africa." In: African Armies, Evolution and Capabilities, edited by Bruce Arlinghaus and Pauline Baker. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1986. 32-51 pp. SUBJECTS: Military policy, Military intervention, Warfare, Political stability, Military government. Outlines broadly the variety of challenges that are likely to confront military forces of African states in the near future, relating the challenges to the developmental need of those forces. Examines the interplay between these questions and broader issues of political development. 2507 Ostheimer, John M. "Peacekeeping and warmaking: The future of military force in Africa." African Studies Association Papers 26, no. 105 (December 1983): 1-17. SUBJECTS: Military policy, Coup d'état, Ethnic conflict, Armed forces, International relations. 2508 Rait, Maria. "Assistance in eliminating inter-African conflicts." In: The USSR and Africa, edited by Anatoly Gromyko. Moscow, USSR: Social Sciences Today Editorial Board, USSR Academy of Sciences, 1983.67-75 pp. ALSO COVERS: Ethiopia, Morocco. SUBJECTS : International conflict, National liberation movement, Conflict resolution. KEYWORDS: OAU; CPSU (Communist Party of the

Soviet Union). 2509 Ratliff, William. "Cuban military policy in sub-Saharan Africa." In: Cuban Internationalism in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Sergio Diaz-Briquets. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Duquesne University Press, 1989.29-47 pp. SUBJECTS: Military policy, Military intervention, International relations, Liberation movement. KEYWORDS: Cuba-Africa relations; Cuba-Angola relations; Cuba-Horn of Africa relations. Examines the roots of Cuban military involvement in Africa and the activities undertaken in support of African liberation movements and governments. 2510 Remnek, Richard B. "Significance of Soviet strategic military interests in sub-Saharan Africa." In: The Soviet Impact in Africa, edited by R. Craig Nation and Mark V. Kauppi. Lexington, Massachusetts: Lexington, 1984. 147-163 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Strategic policy, Conflict resolution, Military policy. KEYWORDS: USSR-Africa relations. 2511 Remnek, Richard B. "Soviet military interests in Africa." Orbis 28, no. 1 (Spring 1984): 123-143. SUBJECTS: Military alliance, Conflict, Strategic policy. KEYWORDS: USSR-Africa relations. 2512 Ross, Marc Howard. "Internal and external conflict violence." The Journal of Conflict Resolution 29, no. 4 (1985): 547-579. tables. SUBJECTS: Political development, Internal conflict, International conflict. KEYWORDS: conflict theory. 2513 Rothchild, Donald. "Africa's ethnic conflicts and their implications for United States policy." In: Africa in the 1990s and Beyond: U.S. Policy Opportunities and Choices, edited by Robert I. Rotberg. Algonac, Michigan: Reference Publications, 1988.265-285 pp. ALSO COVERS: Ethiopia. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, Ethnic conflict, International relations, Conflict resolution, Military intervention. KEYWORDS: US-Africa relations. Argues that many African states manage ethnic conflict effectively. Focuses on the internationalization of African ethnic conflicts and the fragility of intergroup reciprocity in Africa. States that any local conflict can become a subject for greater power struggles. Examines US involvement in these. 2514 Samajiku, Kaumba Lufunda. "Gardiens de la paix." In: Philosophie africaine: paix, justice, travail. Actes de la lOème Semaine Philosophique de Kinshasa 1986, edited by Faculté de Philosophie. Kinshasa, Zaire: Facultés Catholiques de Kinshasa, 1988.57-67 pp. SUBJECTS: Policy analysis, Political theory, National security, Armed forces. KEYWORDS: peace studies; African philosophy; Garde Civile, Zaire. Questions the need for internal security forces in African countries if a state of peace is in effect. 2515 Seegers, Annette. "From liberation to modernization: Transforming revolutionary paramilitary forces into standing professional armies." In: African Armies, Evolution and Capabilities, edited by Bruce Arlinghaus and Pauline Baker. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1986. 52-83 pp. SUBJECTS: Military policy, Military intervention, Military budget, Civilian government, National security. Discusses the transition of revolutionary armies into standing national armies, using Mozambique as an example. Outlines the challenges of moving from a sometimes narrowly based revolutionary movement to an army representing the interests of the entire nation. 2516 Seegers, Annette. "If only . . . . The ongoing search for method in counter-insurgency." Journal of Contemporary African Studies 8/9, no. 1/2 (1989/90): 203-224. ALSO COVERS: Zimbabwe. SUBJECTS: Academic research, Armed forces, Military policy, Literature review. KEYWORDS: counterinsurgency.

A FRIC A / M i l i t a r y A f f a i r s • 1 5 9

Analyzes arguments on insurgency and counterinsurgency in two recent books dealing with Africa. States that these books, both written by military personnel, portray the predominant view of US and South African military strategists.

the Congo to the Chadian war and the Cuban role in Angola. Examines why so many states have been moved to intervene in African conflicts, why intervention is still rife, and why foreign armies are still likely in Africa in the 1990s.

2517 Selassie, Bereket Habte. 'The OAU and the regional conflicts: Focus on the Eritrean War." Africa Today 35, no. 3/4 (1988): 61-67. ALSO COVERS: Ethiopia. SUBJECTS: International relations, Liberation movement, Conflict resolution, Decolonization, Military intervention. KEYWORDS: Eritrea; OAU. Discusses the success and failures of the OAU in dealing with regional disputes. Assesses the Eritrean war, the origins of the problem, and the continuing stalemate. Indicates that the OAU may need to reexamine the Eritrean question.

2524 Sorris, Louis George. "Soviet military policy and arms activities in sub-Saharan Africa." In: Arms and the African: Military Influences on Africa's International Relations, edited by William J. Foltz and Henry S. Bienen. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1985. 29-57 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Military policy, Military aid, Arms industry. KEYWORDS: USSRAfrica relations; Cuba-Africa relations; SWAPO.

2518 Shaw, Timothy M. "Security redefined: Unconventional conflict in Africa." In: Africa in World Politics: Changing Perspectives, edited by Stephen Wright and Janice N. Brownfoot. Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan, 1987. 17-34 pp. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria, Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Conflict, Political violence, Nuclear capability, Class struggle, Guerrilla activity, Ruling class. KEYWORDS: OAU; OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development); Lagos Plan of Action 1980; ECA. Proposes that conventional conflict as conceived among the industrialized states is quite insignificant historically and contemporaneously in Africa, and that it is likely to remain so until the end of the century. States that unconventional violence is appearing with increasing frequency. 2519 Shaw, Timothy M. "Unconventional conflicts in Africa: Nuclear, class and guerrilla struggles." The Jerusalem Journal of International Relations 7, no. 1/2 (1984): 63-75. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria, Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Nuclear capability, Conflict, Internal conflict, International conflict, Ideological conflict, Class conflict, Guerrilla activity. 2520 Shepherd, George W., Jr., "OAU and African collective security in the post cold war era: An editorial." Africa Today 35, no. 3/4 (1988): 3-6. SUBJECTS: Regional conflict, Superpower politics, Liberation movement, Conflict resolution. KEYWORDS: UN; OAU. Describes the various regional conflicts in Africa and the international interventions which has prolonged and intensified them. Assesses the impact of the winding down of the cold war on these regional conflicts. Indicates that the absence of the cold war may result in the creation of regional collective security as an alternative framework to the dominance of the superpowers. 2521 Smaldone, Joseph P. "Foreign arms and African armies: Exploring the limits of Soviet and American influence." African Studies Association Papers 26, no. 126 (December 1983): 1-21. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Military aid, Technical assistance, Military policy, Import policy, Arms industry, Technical training. KEYWORDS: USSR-Africa relations; US-Africa relations. 2522 Smaldone, Joseph P. "U.S. arms transfers and security-assistance programs in Africa: A review and policy perspective." In: Arms for Africa: Military Assistance and Foreign Policy in the Developing World, edited by Bruce E. Arlinghaus. Lexington, Massachussetts: Lexington, 1983. 179-220 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Strategic policy, Arms industry, Military aid. KEYWORDS: Reagan, Ronald; Carter, Jimmy. 2523 Somerville, Keith. Foreign Military Intervention in Africa. London: Pinter, 1990. 205 pp. biblio, maps. SUBJECTS: Military intervention, Conflict, International relations, Foreign policy, Independence movement. KEYWORDS: Cuba-Africa relations; USAfrica relations; France-Africa relations. Follows the history of foreign intervention from Cameroon and

2525 Thorn, William. "Sub-Saharan Africa's changing military capabilities." In: African Armies, Evolution and Capabilities, edited by Bruce Arlinghaus and Pauline Baker. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1986. 97-112 pp. SUBJECTS: Military government, Military policy, Political analysis, National security, Regional security. Analyzes military establishments of sub-Saharan armies. Challenges some of the long-held notions about African armies and proposes that a new approach to analyzing the African military is needed. Seeks to move away from the purely political analyses of the past. 2526 Thorn, William G. "Judging Africa's military capabilities." Journal of Third World Studies 5, no. 1 (Spring 1988): 52-65. tables. SUBJECTS: Military budget, Military policy. States that traditional military factors need to be applied when judging the combat capabilities of African military forces, including basic facts about the forces, combat potential, and field operational capability and operationalizing capability in the local setting. 2527 Thom, William G. "Judging African military capabilities." African Studies Association Papers 27, no. 104 (October 1984): 1-24. tables. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania, Uganda. SUBJECTS: National security, Armed forces, Guerrilla activity. KEYWORDS: military organizations; military technology; TPDF (Tanzanian People's Defense Force). 2528 Thomas, Gerry. Mercenary Troops in Modern Africa. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1984. 157 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Military aid, Armed conflict, Armed forces, Coup d'état. KEYWORDS: mercenaries. 2529 Touval, Saadia. "Partitioned groups and inter-state relations." In: Partitioned Africans: Ethnic Relations Across Africa's International Boundaries, 1884-1984, edited by A. I. Asiwaju. Lagos, Nigeria: University of Lagos Press, 1985. 223-232 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Political conflict, Decolonization, Ethnic conflict, Ethnicity. 2530 Viaud, Pierre. L'Afrique et la guerre nucléaire. Paris: Edigeon, 1984. 214 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa, Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Nuclear capability, Military policy, Mining, International relations, Arms industry. KEYWORDS: Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons 1968; Anlitet uranium mine, Niger; Qaddafi, Muammar; Benjedid, Chadli; OAU. 2531 Volman, Daniel. "Aiming Africa's police: Sale of police weaponry by U.S. corporations to African states, \91A-\919." African Studies Association Papers 25, no. 119 (November 1982): 1-16. tables. ALSO COVERS: Liberia, Nigeria. SUBJECTS: International relations, Military aid, Student protest, Political repression, Arms industry, Law enforcement. KEYWORDS: crowd control equipment; US-Africa relations; arms sales. 2532 Weiss, Thomas G., ed. Humanitarian

Emergencies

and

160 • AFRICA/Military Affairs Military Help in Africa. Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan, 1990. 136 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Foreign aid, Military aid, Nongovernmental organization, Conflict. KEYWORDS: humanitarian aid. Explores delivery of humanitarian aid where there is armed conflict. Examines the problems and prospects of introducing outside military expertise and support in order to improve the delivery of aid. 2533 Welch, Claude E. "Emerging patterns of civil-military relations in Africa: Revolutionary coups d'état and their consequences." African Studies Association Papers 25, no. 121 (November 1982): 1-16. ALSO COVERS: Ethiopia, Liberia. SUBJECTS: Coup d'état, Wealth redistribution, Nationalism, Armed forces. KEYWORDS: civil-military relations; popular sovereignty; OAU. 2534 Welch, Claude E., Jr., "Emerging patterns of civil-military relations in Africa: Radical coups d'état and political stability." In: African Security Issues: Sovereignty, Stability and Solidarity, edited by Bruce E. Arlinghaus. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1984.126-139 pp. SUBJECTS: Marxism-Leninism, Armed forces, Coup d'état, Military policy. KEYWORDS: civil-military relations; OAU; OPEC. 2535 Welch, Claude E., Jr., "Force and political legitimation in Africa: The role of the military." African Studies Association Papers 28, no. 135 (November 1985): 1-28. tables. ALSO COVERS: Ghana, Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Economic growth policy, Coup d'état, Intervention policy, Civilian government, Armed forces. KEYWORDS: civilmilitary relations; praetorianism; military disengagement.

vention in Africa. 2nd ed. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1989. 260 pp. SUBJECTS: Conflict, State intervention, Political conflict, Ethnic conflict, Regional conflict, Conflict resolution. KEYWORDS: UNITA; SWAPO; MPLA; OAU; Sahara Desert. Identifies the local sources of conflict in Africa. Suggests that such conflicts find their origins in the politics and relations of the countries involved and not in the machinations of external powers. Examines the response of external powers to these conflicts and determines the possibilities for resolution as a result of intervention. 2542 Ziegler, Jean. "Le Fusil ou le parchemin." In: La France contre l'Afrique, edited by François Maspero. Paris: F. Maspero, 1981. 239-266 pp. ALSO COVERS: Cameroon. SUBJECTS: Intervention policy, Military aid, Civil war. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; FranceAfrica relations; China-Africa relations. 2543 Zuk, Gary, and William R. Thompson. "Post-coup military spending question: A pooled cross-sectional time series analysis." American Political Science Review 76, no. 1 (1982): 60-74. tables. SUBJECTS: Military policy, Military budget, Coup d'état. SEE ALSO 7096, 8051, 9476, 9492, 12138, 12149.

Planning and Development

2536 Welch, Claude E., Jr. "Military disengagement from politics? Incentives and obstacles in political change." In: Military Power and Politics in Black Africa, edited by Simon Baynham. London: Croom Helm, 1986.67-96 pp. ALSO COVERS: Ghana, Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Democracy, Coup d'état, Military policy. KEYWORDS: civilmilitary relations; military disengagement; NRC (National Reformation Council); NLC (National Liberation Council). Examines military disengagement in the context of civil-military relations with regard to five West African countries. Looks at the political-social pressures, economic factors, armed forces' intervention, and leadership that make long-term disengagement unlikely.

2544 Adebayo, Y. R. "Some factors militating against the effective application of climatological ideas to building design and urban planning in tropical Africa." Journal of Eastern African Research and Development 20 (1990): 149-161. SUBJECTS: Housing policy, Urban planning policy, Development planning, Poverty. KEYWORDS: climate; design. Addresses how climate relates to creating effective designs for buildings and cities. Analyzes the social and political conditions that have led to the current state of building design and urban planning.

2537 Wiking, Staffan. Military Coups in Sub-Saharan Africa: How to Justify Illegal Assumptions of Power. Stockholm, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1983. 144 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Intervention policy, Military government, Class conflict, Ethnic conflict, Coup d'état. KEYWORDS: military-state relations; social conflict.

2545 Adedeji, Adebayo. "The Monrovia strategy and the Lagos Plan of Action for African Development—Five years after." In: Lagos Plan of Action and Africa's Future Economic Relations: Conference Proceedings, edited by ECA-Dalhousie Conference. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada: Dalhousie Conference, 1984. 1-38 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Industrial development, Food production, Development theory, Development planning. KEYWORDS: Monrovia Declaration 1979; Lagos Plan of Action 1980.

2538 Wolpin, Miles D. "Sociopolitical radicalism and military professionalism in the Third World." Comparative Politics 15, no. 2 (January 1983): 203-222. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Military policy, Aimed forces. KEYWORDS: radicalism; civil-military relations. 2539 Yu, George T. "Chinese arms transfers to Africa." In: Arms for Africa: Military Assistance and Foreign Policy in the Developing World, edited by Bruce E. Arlinghaus. Lexington, Massachussetts: Lexington, 1983. 101-118 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Arms industry, Foreign policy, Military aid. KEYWORDS: USSR-Africa relations; China-Africa relations; military advisors. 2540 Zartman, I. William. Ripe for Resolution: Conflict and Intervention in Africa. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1985. 260 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Crisis management, Conflict, Foreign policy, Conflict resolution. KEYWORDS : Africa Project of the Council on Foreign Relations; US-Africa relations; Carter, Jimmy; DTA (Democratic Turnhalle Alliance); France-Africa relations. 2541 Zartman, I. William. Ripe for Resolution: Conflict and Inter-

2546 Amis, Philip, and Peter Lloyd, eds. Housing Africa's Urban Poor. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1990. 305 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Còte d'lvoire, Kenya. SUBJECTS: Urban poverty, Self-help, Informal sector, Urbanization, Housing policy, Squatter community, Low-income housing. KEYWORDS : Lilongwe, Malawi; Korogocho neighborhood, Nairobi; Harare, Uganda; landlord-tenant relations; Lagos, Nigeria. Addresses urban housing policy in Africa, especially the countries of Nigeria, Kenya, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe, and Cote d'lvoire. Reviews low-income housing, private and public provision of housing, rental housing, and self-help or popular housing. 2547 Asiama, Seth Opuni. "Land for housing the urban poor in Africa: Some policy options." In: Housing Africa's Urban Poor, edited by Philip Amis and Peter Lloyd. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1990. 239-251 pp. SUBJECTS: Housing policy, Land tenure system, Land-use policy, Urban poverty. Demonstrates the importance of land to housing the urban poor. Discusses land tenure and influences on its practice. Addresses how land tenure systems and the government affect the poor's access to

AFRICA/Planning and Development • 1 6 1

land. Suggests that the government provide land to the urban poor. 2548 Assogba, Yao. "Le Paradigme interactionniste et le processus du développement communautaire: l'exemple des ONG en Afrique." Canadian Journal of Development StudiesIRevue canadienne d'études de développement 9, no. 2 (1988): 201-219. biblio. ALSO COVERS: West Africa. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Community development, Development planning, Nongovernmental organization. KEYWORDS: Weber, Max. Draws a profile of communities in French-speaking West Africa which have failed and suggests that Weber's interactionist paradigm underlies the successful projects. 2549 Bernard, Chantai. "Une Rationalité réappropriée par une autre? l ' é c o n o m i q u e et le socioculturel dans la recherche sur le travail/développement." Annuaire de l'Afrique du nord 23 (1986): 335-346. ALSO COVERS: North Africa, Tunisia. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Development planning, Cultural policy, Resistance movement, Uneven development. Examines the problems created by development strategies that prioritize the state and particular industries. States that these strategies often take place at the expense of agricultural and general industrial growth. Assesses the role that culture has played in development in North Africa. 2550 Bessonov, S. A. "State planning in Africa." Africa in Soviet Studies (1985): 52-63. SUBJECTS: Private sector, National planning policy, Socialism, Capitalism, National development. 2551 Biswas, Asit K. "Land use in Africa." Land Use Policy: Special Issue: Land Use in Africa 3, no. 4 (October 1986): 247-259. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Land-use policy, Land distribution, Population growth, Desertification, Development planning. KEYWORDS: climate. Addresses population, climate, land availability, and desertification as they affect land use in Africa. States that two problems face efficient land-use planning: lack of usable data and contradictory planning by institutions. 2552 Brennan, Ellen M., and Harry W. Richardson. "Urbanization and urban policy in Sub-Saharan Africa." African Urban Quarterly 1, no. 1 (January 1986): 20-42. tables. SUBJECTS: National development, Urban development, Population growth, Debt crisis, Development planning, Urban growth, Labor force. Examines the relationship between economic development and urbanization in different regions of Africa. Looks at policies and profiles of various African nations. 2553 Bude, Udo. Primary Schools, Local Community, and Development in Africa. Baden-Baden, West Germany: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 1985. 299 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Community development, Local development, Primary education, Rural development, Education opportunity. 2554 B u g g e , R o n a l d . Le Coopération norvégienne au développement: L'ambivalence de l'aide dans un temps de récession et de crise. Geneva, Switzerland: Institut Universitaire d'Etudes du Développement, 1985. 68 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: International cooperation, Development policy, Nongovernmental organization. KEYWORDS: Norway-Africa relations; Tanzania Coastal Shipping Lines. 2555 Cahsai, Berhane. "Ethno-développement et ethnocide en Afrique (deuxième partie)." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 219/220 (1984): 133-139. SUBJECTS: Development policy, Ethnicity, Development planning. 2556 Committee on Human Settlements and Environment. Shelter

for Africa's Homeless Population. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: ECA, 1983. 19 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Squatter community, Housing policy, Housing, Refugees, Land distribution, Social welfare system. KEYWORDS: International Year of Shelter for the Homeless. 2557 Coquery-Vidrovitch, Catherine. "Le Régime foncier rural en Afrique noire." In: Enjeux fonciers en Afrique noire, edited by E. Le Bris, E. Le Roy, and F. Leimdorfer. Paris: Karthala, 1982. 65-84 pp. SUBJECTS: Modernization, Land-use policy, Traditional society, Peasant society, Colonialism. 2558 Cornwell, Linda. "Community development: A phoenix too frequent." Africa Insight 17, no. 2 (1987): 95-101. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Local development, Political ideology, Development planning. KEYWORDS: community participation; alternative development. Explores the role that political ideology and the changing perspectives of development issues have played in community development. Examines the desirability and feasibility of formulating a community development theory. 2559 Curry, Robert, Jr. "A multi-dimensional approach to development." Journal of Third World Studies 3, no. 1 (Spring 1986): 105120. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Underdevelopment, Development policy, Poverty. KEYWORDS: IMF; economic stabilization. Discusses planning and development strategies for Third World nations and outlines a three-fold set of measures geared toward reducing poverty and increasing development. Includes stabilizing internal and external macroeconomic situations; pursuing basic human needs oriented development; and improving policymaking. 2560 Damachi, Ukandi G. "Industrial relations: A development dilemma." In: Management Problems in Africa, edited by Ukandi G. Damachi and Hans Dieter Seibel. New York: St. Martin's, 1986. 115-145 pp. SUBJECTS: Industrial relations, Business administration, Economic analysis, Human resources development, Development theory. KEYWORDS: labor-management relations. Examines the role of industrial relations in the development of a nation's economy. Discusses the cultural, political, economic, and social aspects of development and how these aspects impact labor/management relations. 2561 de Valk, P. "State, decentralization and participation." In: Decentralization for Participatory Planning? edited by P. de Valk and K. H. Wekwete. Aldershot, UK: Avebury, 1990. 3-34 pp. ALSO COVERS: Zimbabwe. SUBJECTS: Development planning, Nation state, Government bureaucracy, National planning policy, Decentralization. Examines the postcolonial state to determine the possibility for decentralized, participatory government structures geared toward development planning. Maintains that the potential varies from country to country and that one has to focus on the ability of these agencies to be autonomous from the state. 2562 Desjeux, Dominique. "L'Augmentation des projets de développement agricole en Afrique noire et à Madagascar (première partie)." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 247/248 (1986): 46-71. ALSO COVERS: Madagascar. SUBJECTS: Land-use policy, Development planning, Rural planning policy. KEYWORDS: rent policy; FIDES (Fonds d'Investissement pour le Développement Economique et Sociale). Explores development schemes in rural African societies through an examination of Madagascar's development planning. 2563 Desjeux, Dominique. "L'Augmentation des projets de développement agricole en Afrique noire et à Madagascar (deuxième partie)." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et

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africaines 2 5 1 / 2 5 2 ( 1 9 8 6 / 1 9 8 7 ) : 62-80. A L S O sociologiques COVERS: Madagascar, Senegal. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Development planning, Development policy, Technological development, Nongovernmental organization. Outlines three types of agricultural projects that have emerged throughout Africa, consisting of a scientific approach, a persuasive approach, and a "laissez faire" approach. States that in the latter approach technical objectives are secondary to social needs, which most fully take into account the needs of the aid recipient. 2564 d u Pisani, André. "Dominance, dependence and modernisation: Some perspectives." Africanus 12 (1982): 29-55. SUBJECTS: Dependency theory, Development theory, Modernization. 2565 Ediafric la Documentation Africaine. Equipements et infrastructures d'Afrique noire. Paris: Ediafric la Documentation Africaine, 1983.254 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Infrastructure, Economic development, Development planning, Transportation system, Energy use. KEYWORDS: tourism; ports; air transportation; telecommunications. 2566 Edwards, Michael. "Rental housing and the urban poor: Africa and Latin America compared." In: Housing Africa's Urban Poor, edited by Philip Amis and Peter Lloyd. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1990.253-272 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Lowincome housing, Land tenure system, Housing policy, Urban poverty. KEYWORDS: rental housing. Compares the neglected form of tenure—renting—in subSaharan Africa and Latin America. Notes that better data exists on the Latin American situation. Examines low-income market renting, landlord-tenant relations, and rental housing policy. 2567 Egeland, Jan. "Discovering a first line of defence: Indigenous humanitarian organizations." Bulletin of Peace Proposals 18, no. 2 (1987): 111-118. SUBJECTS: Nongovernmental organization, Community development, Self-help. KEYWORDS: Mauritaurian Red Crescent Society. Examines the potential of indigenous groups to address intransigent development problems. Notes development agencies and donors recognition of the importance of these groups. Describes why more aid doesn't go to nongovernmental organizations. 2568 El Malki, Habib. "Development, an area of multi-disciplinary junction." Africa Development/Afrique et développement 13, no. 2 (1988): 99-116. SUBJECTS: Development theory, Academic research, Ideologies, Debt crisis, Development policy. Asks whether economics can really address development problems and their immense parameters. Describes the challenge to economics of developing countries. States that development economics must conceive the Third World and its development in entirely new ways and must gain more autonomy from other economics fields. 2569 El-Issawy, Ibrahim. "The aid relationship and self-reliant development in Africa." In: Lagos Plan of Action and Africa's Future Economic Relations: Conference Proceedings, edited by ECA-Dalhousie Conference. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada: ECA-Dalhousie Conference, 1984. 1-44 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Self-reliance, Economic aid, Foreign aid policy, Development theory, Development planning. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; OAU; ECA; IMF. 2570 El-Issawy, Ibrahim H. ' T h e aid relationship and self-reliant development in Africa." In: Economic Crisis in Africa: African Perspectives on Development Problems and Potentials, edited by Adebayo Adedeji and Timothy M. Shaw. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1985.131-153 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Self-reliance, Foreign aid policy, Economic aid, Development theory, Development plan-

ning. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; OAU; ECA; IMF. 2571 Ergas, Zaki. "In search of development: Some directions for further investigation." The Journal of Modern African Studies 24, no. 2 (June 1986): 303-334. SUBJECTS: Development policy, Underdevelopment, Government analysis. States that internal, not external, influences are to blame for African underdevelopment. Names pathological patrimonialism as the cause of failure. Proposes appropriate checks like "diarchy," or mixed civilian-military rule, and pressure from the North on African elites in the form of political conditionality. 2572 Erskine, J. M. "Rural development: Putting theory into practice." Development Southern Africa 2, no. 3 (August 1985): 368-382. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Modernization, Rural development, Traditional society, Underdevelopment, Agricultural production, Project design. KEYWORDS: action research. 2573 Ezenwe, Uka. "Development of the least developed countries of Africa: A challenge to the international economic system." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 8, no. 2 (1983): 5-16. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Export economy, North-South relations, Development planning, Development policy. 2574 Eziakor, Ikechukwu G. "Rethinking Third World development: An analysis of contemporary paradigms." Journal of Social Development in Africa 4, no. 2 (1989): 39-48. SUBJECTS: Dependency theory, National development, Basic needs, Development theory. Presents an overview of recent theories of national development for Africa. Contends that the economic growth optimization frameworks are unsuccessful and that countries need to concentrate on basic needs and selective foreign trade policies to better address their problems. 2575 Fieldhouse, David. "Arrested development in Anglophone Black Africa?" In: Decolonization and African Independence: The Transfers of Power, 1960-1980, edited by Prosser Gifford and Wm. Roger Louis. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1988. 135-158 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Decolonization, Agricultural production, Development planning, Development policy. KEYWORDS: Anglophone Africa. States that independence has not led to economic autonomy and sustained development in Anglophone Africa. Argues that this is due to the failure of the agricultural sector to perform its essential function of facilitating development. Notes that agriculture needs necessary inputs to increase productivity. 2576 Forje, John W. "Technological change and the development of A f r i c a P r é s e n c e africaine 143 (1987): 122-140. SUBJECTS: Technological development, Underdevelopment, Modernization, Development planning. States that Africa has lagged in the realm of technological development and industrialization. Argues that this results from states prioritizing the wrong set of industries and stifling innovation and production with policies of export-led growth. Asserts that governments must rely less on foreign aid. 2577 Fowler, Alan. Non-Governmental Organisations in Africa: Achieving Comparative Advantage in Relief and Micro-Development. Brighton, UK: Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, 1988. 31 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Nongovernmental organization, Rural development, Political economy studies, Management, Development planning. KEYWORDS: disaster relief. Debates the comparative advantages of nongovernmental organizations in microdevelopment in Africa. Defines their terms and methods, with a look at their potential development and involvement

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in Africa. Suggests ways they can be more effective. 2578 Gaile, Gary L. "African airline connectivity: South African sanctions, neocolonialism, and development." African Urban Quarterly 3, no. 3/4 (August/November 1988): 177-195. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Transportation system, Neocolonialism, Sanctions, Infrastructure. KEYWORDS: African airline network; air transportation. Examines how the African airline network affected aspects of development and colonialism. Shows that the colonial airline network, which linked colonial urban capitals, has continued to be reinforced. Documents both the delayed implementation of air traffic sanctions against the RSA and the "back door" link. 2579 Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude, ed. Public Participation in Development Planning and Management: Casesfrom Africa and Asia. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1985. 264 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Development planning, Rural development, Management, Project design, Community development. 2580 Gasiorowski, Mark J. "Structure of Third World economic interdependence." International Organization 39, no. 2 (1985): 331342. tables. SUBJECTS: Underdevelopment, Economic dependency, Industrial development, Modernization. KEYWORDS: capital flow. 2581 Ghils, Paul. "La Participation des ONG au développement économique et social de l'Afrique." In: L'Identité associative en Afrique et la participation des ONG au développement en vue d'un nouvel ordre mondial: Actes du Colloque UAI, 1984, edited by Paul Ghils. Brussels, Belgium: UAI, 1984.137-157pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Social development policy, Nongovernmental organization, Development policy. 2582 G o f f a u x , Joseph. "L'Empreinte du sous-développement." Zaïre-Afrique 171 (January 1983): 5-19. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Development planning, Development policy, Underdevelopment. KEYWORDS: OECD (Organization for Cooperation and Economic Development). 2583 Gorman, Robert F. Coping with Africa's Refugee Burden: A Time for Solutions. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff, 1987. 221 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Foreign aid, Refugees, Development planning, Nongovernmental organization. KEYWORDS: Second International Conference on Assistance to Refugees in Africa 1984; UN; FAO. Discusses the relationship of refugee aid and development assistance. Examines the evolution of events leading to ICARAII (Second International Conference on Assistance to Refugees in Africa). Discusses the initial response of governments, the UN system, and nongovernmental organizations. 2584 Gupta, Anirudha. "Selected bibliography." In: Development Issues in Africa, edited by Priya Mutalik-Desai. Bombay, India: Himalaya, 1982. 313-322 pp. ALSO COVERS: East Africa. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Development planning, Agricultural development, Industrial development, Foreign trade, Natural resource management, Development policy. 2585 Gurevich, D. G. "Foreign models of socio-economic development of Africa." Africa in Soviet Studies (1984): 140-152. tables. SUBJECTS: Socioeconomic analysis, Political history, Economic history, Development theory, International economic system, Development planning. KEYWORDS: ECA. 2586 Hay, R. W., and E. J. Clay. Food Aid and the Development of Human Resources: World Food Programme: African Development BankSeminar: Food Aid for Development in Sub-Saharan Africa 8-11 September 1986. Rome, Italy: World Food Programme, 1988. 23 pp.

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SUBJECTS: Human resources development, Hunger, Food aid, Foreign aid policy, Development policy. K E Y W O R D S : ADB (African Development Bank). Examines the links between food aid and human resource development programs. Assesses the priorities for human resource development. Adds that African nations face an increasing disparity between the quality of human resources and the skills and attributes needed for economic development. 2587 Haywood, Ian. "Popular settlements in sub-Saharan Africa: Their emerging role." Third World Planning Review 8, no. 4 (November 1986): 315-334. SUBJECTS: Squatter community, Housing policy, Migration pattern. KEYWORDS: settlements. States that population growth has exceeded resource growth and that governments have failed to meet the demand for housing. Notes that squatter settlements foster self-help groups around the concept of spontaneous, popular housing. Argues that lessons can be learned from settlement self-help and commercialization. 2588 Hoyle, Brian. Transport and Development in Tropical Africa. London: Murray, 1988. 58 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Transportation system, Infrastructure. Focuses on the role of transport in development, including such factors as transport development and transport networks. Illustrates a wide variety of transport problems and situations. Addresses roads, railways, inland waterways, seaports, and air transport. 2589 Hugon, Philippe. "Secteur souterrain ou réseaux apparents." In: Vivre et survivre dans les villes africaines, edited by Isabelle Deblé and Philippe Hugon. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1982. 26-49 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Transportation system, Urban development, Informal sector, Modernization, Low-income housing. KEYWORDS: slums. 2590 Hunt, Geoffrey. "Fallacies of underdevelopment: An epistemological critique of contemporary development theory." Journal of African Marxists no. 7 (March 1985): 22-34. SUBJECTS: Underd e v e l o p m e n t , D e v e l o p m e n t theory, Capitalist d e v e l o p m e n t . KEYWORDS: epistemology. 2591 International I n s t i t u t e f o r L a b o u r S t u d i e s , e d . The Démocratisation of National Development in Africa. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: O AU, 1983. 125 pp. SUBJECTS: National development, Development planning, Rural development, Education policy, Democracy, Integrated rural development, Self-reliance. 2592 Kabongo, Ilunga. "Déroutante Afrique ou la syncope d'un discours." In: Etat Indépendant du Congo, Congo Belge, République Démocratique du Congo, République du Zaïre, edited by B. Jewsiewicki. Ste. Foy, Quebec, Canada: SAFI, 1984. 13-22 pp. ALSO COVERS: Zaire. SUBJECTS: Political elite, Political development, Colonialism, Underdevelopment, Modernization, Academic research. KEYWORDS: African studies. 2593 Kent, Tom, and Ian McAllister. Management for Development: Planning and Practice from African and Canadian Experience. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1985. 113 pp. SUBJECTS: Development planning, Development theory, Budget policy, Public administration, Management. 2594 Kodjo, Samuel. State and Development Strategies in Africa. Enugu, Nigeria: Economic Development Institute, University of Nigeria, 1981.35 pp. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Political elite, Political analysis, Development policy, Transnational corporations, Economic dependency, Education system, National development. KEYWORDS: New International Economic Order. 2595 Kollontai, V. M. "In search of a development strategy: Domes-

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tic and international aspects." Africa in Soviet Studies (1982): 27-40. SUBJECTS: Economic planning, Neocolonialism, Capitalism, International economic relations, Class struggle, National planning policy, Economic cooperation. KEYWORDS: EEC. 2596 Leys, Colin. "African economic development in theory and practice."Dœdalus 111, no. 2 (1982): 99-124. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Development policy, Modernization, Development theory, Dependency theory. KEYWORDS: African capitalism; African socialism. 2597 Lindsay, Beverly. "Migration and national development: An introduction." In: African Migration and National Development, edited by Beverly Lindsay. University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1985. 1-39 pp. SUBJECTS: National development, Rural-urban migration, Labor migration, Economic development, Development theory. 2598 Lipton, Michael. The Place of Agricultural Research in the Development of Sub-Saharan Africa. Brighton, UK: Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, 1985. 51 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Agricultural research, Agricultural technology, Development theory, Scientific research, Development planning. 2599 Lisicka, Hanna. "Conceptions du développement socialiste dans les pays de l'Afrique noire." Africana Bulletin 32 (1984): 131160. SUBJECTS: Socialist development, Development planning, Underdevelopment, Pan Africanism. KEYWORDS: Nkrumah, Kwame; humanism; Ujamaa ideology, Tanzania. 2600 Luaba L u m u , Ntumba. "L'Intellectuel africain face au développement de son pays." Zaïre-Afrique no. 247/248 (September/October 1990): 447-457. SUBJECTS: Underdevelopment, Political power, National development. KEYWORDS: intelligentsia. Examines the African intellectual confronted by national development. Analyzes who intellectuals are, the specificity of African underdevelopment, intellectuals and political power, and development ethics in Africa. 2601 Lufadeju, E. O. "The role of shelter in economic development in Africa." African Urban Quarterly 2, no. 3 (August 1987): 193-200. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Housing policy, Urbanization, Development financing, Development planning, Resource distribution, Housing. KEYWORDS: Shelter-Afrique. States that the need for shelters to accomodate new arrivals in urban areas is essential. Examines the role that Shelter-Afrique plays in helping to alleviate the problems faced by the homeless. 2602 Luke, David Fashole. "Trends in development administration: The continuing challenge to the efficacy of the post-colonial state in the Third World." In: Lagos Plan of Action and Africa's Future Economic Relations: Conference Proceedings, edited by ECA-Dalhousie Conference. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada: ECA-Dalhousie Conference, 1984. 1-28 pp. SUBJECTS: Development planning, Economic development, Development theory, Public administration, Industrialization. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980. 2603 Lumu, Ntumba-Luaba, and Dhedonga Dheba Chele. Organisation de l'Unité Africaine: nouveaux développement de la strategie économique pour l'Afrique. Kinshasa, Zaïre: Institut de Recherches Économiques et Sociales, 1981. 52 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Development policy, Political development, Self-sufficient economy, Agricultural development, Human resources development, Economic development. KEYWORDS: OAU; Monrovia Declaration 1979; Lagos Plan of Action 1980. 2604 Mazrui, Ali A. "Computer culture and nuclear power: Political implications for Africa." In: Alternative Futures for Africa, edited by

Timothy M. Shaw. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1982. 237-258 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Technology transfer, Development policy, Modernization, Decolonization, Nuclear capability. 2605 Menou, Michel. "L'Information, troisième frontière du développement?" Afrique contemporaine 151, no. 3 (1989): 22-35. biblio. SUBJECTS: Development policy, Infrastructure, Management. KEYWORDS: information systems. Looks at the information sector as a third development frontier behind economic and social development. Claims that it is up to the information sector to integrate the diverse activities of development such as production, distribution, treatment, and storage through diffusion of techniques and innovation. 2606 Moriarty, Patrick, and Clive S. Beed. 'Transport in tropical Africa." The Journal of Modern African Studies 27, no. 1 (March 1989): 125-132. tables. SUBJECTS: Transportation system. KEYWORDS: land transport. Examines the current state of vehicular transport for passengers and freight in Africa. States that economic constraints have decreased per capita ownership and use of motor vehicles. Argues that countries should concentrate on bicycles and walking as well as water and rail transport for freight. 2607 Miinkner, Hans. "Consequences of self-help promotion for cooperative policy development in Africa." In: Cooperatives Revisited, edited by Hans Hedlund. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1988.187-205 pp. SUBJECTS: Self-help, Cooperatives. KEYWORDS: ICA (International Cooperative Alliance). Comments on the First African Ministerial Cooperative Conference organized by the ICA Regional Office for East, Central, and Southern Africa at Gaborone, Botswana in May 1984 and on the ICA Bilingual Regional Seminar for West Africa at Accra, Ghana in April 1986. 2608 Mutizwa-Mangiza, N. D. "Substantive and procedural policy shifts in subnational planning: An analysis of two cases." In: Subnational Planning in Southern and Eastern Africa: Approaches, Finance and Education, edited by A. H. J. Helmsing and K. H. Wekwete. Aldershot, UK: Avebury, 1990. 35-61 pp. SUBJECTS: Regional planning policy, Urban planning policy, Housing policy, Squatter community, Decentralization. KEYWORDS: squatter upgrading; World Bank. Explores the reasons underlying policy adoption and policy shifts at subnational levels of planning. Focuses on urban planning. 2609 Ndegwa, P. "Accelerated Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: A review." In: Development Options for Africa in the 1980s and Beyond, edited by P. Ndegwa, L. P. Mureithi, and R. H. Green. Nairobi, Kenya: Oxford University Press, 1985. 17-27 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Development theory, Economic development, Development planning, Economic policy, Import substitution. KEYWORDS: World Bank; Berg Report 1981. 2610 Neuman, Stephanie G. "International stratification and Third World military industries." International Organization 38, no. 1 (1984): 167-198. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Arms industry, Technology, Underdevelopment, Industrial development, Infrastructure. 2611 Nyathi, Pathisa. "Motivation and community development." Africanus 15 (1985): 41-52. SUBJECTS: Community development. KEYWORDS: development participation. 2612 Nyirenda, Vukani. "Social development training and national planning: A critical survey of existing trends at various levels." In: ASWEA 4th Conference on Social Development Training in Africa: Experiences of the 1970's and Emerging Trends of the 1980's, edited

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by ASWEA. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: ASWEA (Association for Social Work Education in Africa), 1982. 85-90 pp. SUBJECTS: Human resources development, Social development policy, Development planning, National planning policy. 2613 Nyoni, Sithembiso. ' T h e role of NGOs in the changing development assistance process." African Environment 23-24 (1989): 135146. t a b l e s . A L S O C O V E R S : Z i m b a b w e . S U B J E C T S : Nongovernmental organization, Village development, Development policy. KEYWORDS: ORAP (Organisation of Rural Associations for Progress). Addresses the author's experience in ORAP in Zimbabwe. Argues that effective development can start at the village level and expand to the national level. Suggests lessons about and for indigenous groups. 2614 Obudho, R. A., and Constance C. Mhlanga. "Planning strategies for slum and squatter settlements in sub-Saharan Africa." In: Slum and Squatter Settlements in Sub-Saharan Africa: Toward a Planning Strategy, edited by R. A. Obudho and Constance C. Mhlanga. New York: Praeger, 1988. 327-348 pp. SUBJECTS: Housing policy, Squatter community, Urban population, Low-income housing. KEYWORDS: squatter upgrading. Summarizes the role of the housing sector in economic and welfare development. Discusses policies directed at low-income urban residents, such as public construction and subsidies, self-help, upgrading, sites and service, environmental regulation, zoning, building codes, and legislative measures. 2615 Obudho, R. A., and Constance C. Mhlanga, eds. Slum and Squatter Settlements in Sub-Saharan Africa: Toward a Planning Strategy. New York: Praeger, 1988. 424 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Squatter community, Urbanization, Urban population, Housing policy. KEYWORDS: shanty towns; Monrovia, Liberia; Kumasi, Ghana; Kano, Nigeria; Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Addresses the formulation and implementation of basic housing policies in urban Africa. Reviews important factors leading to the rapid rate of urbanization, considering the type of living conditions created by Africans for themselves. Includes discussions of slum and squatter settlements and lower income urban families on the continent. 2616 Obudho, R. A., and Constance C. Mhlanga. "The development of slum and squatter settlements as a manifestation of rapid urbanization in sub-Saharan Africa." In: Slum and Squatter Settlements in Sub-Saharan Africa: Toward a Planning Strategy, edited by R. A. Obudho and Constance C. Mhlanga. New York: Praeger, 1988. 3-29 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Squatter community, Urbanization, Housing policy, Low-income housing. KEYWORDS: slums. Analyzes the urbanization process in Africa as a basis for understanding the growth of slum and squatter settlements in Africa. Defines and differentiates the terms "slum" and "squatter" settlement generally. 2617 Olowu, Dele. "Local institutes and development: The African experience." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 23, no. 2 (1989): 201-231. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Cooperatives, Local planning policy, Local development, Decentralization. Evaluates problems encountered by government and donor agencies in the process of local development project organization. Examines four types of African local organizations: decentralized units, local collectives, community development organizations, and cooperatives. Contrasts decentralization efforts of African governments with those of other popular local organizations. 2618 Osafo-Gyimah, K. "The crisis of development planning in Africa." In: Democratisation of National Development in Africa, edited by Albert Tévoédjré. Geneva, Switzerland: International Institute for Labour Studies, 1983. 97-104 pp. SUBJECTS: Rural

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population, National planning policy, Policy analysis, Grassroots movement, Development planning. 2619 Osia, Kunirum. "Black Africa and the dilemma of development." Journal of African Studies 14, no. 2 (Summer 1987): 37-45. SUBJECTS : Colonialism, Development theory, Development policy. Argues that Africa's development problems cannot be solved by way of the imposition of Western ideological models. Explores European mercantilist development and describes indigenous development theory. 2620 Pascal, Roger. "Pour une seconde décolonisation." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 44, no. 1 (January/March 1990): 1-29. SUBJECTS: International cooperation, Neocolonialism, Modernization, Underdevelopment. Looks at the basis of foreign-African cooperation, especially French, during the last 30 years. Claims that the words "aid" and "cooperation" mask neocolonial sentiments as evidenced by inappropriate and antiquated development strategies. Calls for cooperation on modern techniques and independence. 2621 Peil, Margaret. "Exploitation or support/services: Urban house ownership." In: Slum and Squatter Settlements in Sub-Saharan Africa: Toward a Planning Strategy, edited by R. A. Obudho and Constance C. Mhlanga. New York: Praeger, 1988. 31-40 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Sierra Leone. SUBJECTS: Housing policy, Urban population, Housing, Resource distribution. Examines rental properties on the continent and arguments for and against private ownership of houses. Determines that landlords are less exploitive than asserted and that state controls do more to increase the housing shortage than to increase equality in urban society. 2622 Preiswerk, Roy. "Self-reliance in unexpected places." Genève Afrique!GenevaAfrica 20, no. 2 (1982): 56-64. SUBJECTS: Transnational corporations, Political ideology, Development policy, Development planning, Local development, Self-sufficient economy. 2623 Prouzet, Michel, and Pierre-Claver Kobo. "Le Problème foncier en milieu péri-urban." In: Systèmes fonciers à la ville et au village: Afrique noire francophone, edited by Raymond Verdier and A. Rochegude. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1986. 281-296 pp. SUBJECTS: Land-use policy, Urban growth, State power, Squatter community. KEYWORDS: AGETU (Agence Togolaise d'Equipement des Terrains Urbains). Looks at government policy toward the explosive growth and occupation of peri-urban areas in Africa. Claims governments must confront three situations: illegal or squatter occupation, customary tenure, and land titles. Explains responses to each. 2624 Roux, Christian. "Développement, priorités industrielles et technologie." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 186/187 (1981): 96-112. tables. SUBJECTS: Industrial development, Development planning, Technology transfer, Modernization, Food production, Debt crisis, Economic dependency. KEYWORDS: food self-sufficiency. 2625 Shaw, Timothy M., and David F. Luke. "The Lagos Plan of Action and Africa's future economic relations." Canadian Journal of Development Studies!Revue canadienne d'études de développement 6, no. 1 (1985): 173-178. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Development policy, Development planning, Self-sufficient economy. KEYWORDS: donor agency; Lagos Plan of Action 1980; ECA; Law of the Sea Convention 1982. 2626 Stevens, Bernard. "L'Alternative Africaine." Les nouvelles rationalités africaines 3, no. 12 (July/October 1988): 451-467. SUBJECTS: Development theory, Industrial development, Imperialism,

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Capitalist development, Desertification, Nongovernmental organization. Assesses the effects of colonization and capitalist imperialism in aiding Africa to form a revolutionary development alternative. Examines political factors surrounding desertification and nonprofit development organizations. Suggests that political and social autonomy and self sufficiency are best for Africa. 2627 Stren, Richard E. "Urban housing in Africa: The changing role of government policy." In: Housing Africa's Urban Poor, edited by Philip Amis and Peter Lloyd. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1990. 35-53 pp. SUBJECTS: Urban population, Housing policy, Self-help, Government regulation. Outlines the housing problem in African cities and government responses to same. Describes the shift from expecting the government to do more to expecting commercial networks to respond to the poor. Names three stages of government policy: state housing, aided selfhelp, and management and infrastructure. 2628 Syagga, Paul M. "Myths and realities of low cost housing in Africa." African Urban Quarterly 2, no. 3 (August 1987): 202-212. tables. ALSO COVERS: Kenya. SUBJECTS: Low-cost housing, Housing, Housing policy, Urbanization, Squatter community. KEYWORDS: Umoja housing estate, Nairobi; Dandora housing project; Nairobi, Kenya. States that rapid urbanization, population explosions, and the poverty of African nations make house ownership a difficult goal to attain. Argues that this ideal is not impossible, however, and that with the use of local materials and the adoption of appropriate design standards, this ideal could become a reality. 2629 Talha, Larbi. "Une Théorie économique des migrations internationales est-elle concevable?" Annuaire de l'Afrique du nord 24 (1987): 459-487. SUBJECTS: Migration, Capitalist economy, Underdevelopment, Demographic analysis, Development theory. Provides an overview of the theory of international migration throughout the world. Addresses the validity of migration theory. 2630 Tribillon, Jean-Francois. "Interventions foncières dans les villes africaines: leçons d'expériences." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 247/248 (1986): 52-65. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Development policy, Land use policy, Urban planning policy, Law. Addresses six problems: the myth of law, the hazards of technical and institutional transplants, the risks of a unified ground statute, the difficulty crossing experience and politics, the problem of popular rental housing, and the gap between town planning and real state regulations. 2631 Wekwete, K. H. "Planning and the changing environment for planning—an overview." In: Subnational Planning in Southern and Eastern Africa: Approaches, Finance and Education, edited by A. H. J. Helmsing and K. H. Wekwete. Aldershot, UK: Avebury, 1990. 14-31 pp. ALSO COVERS: Zimbabwe. SUBJECTS: Urban planning policy, Political theory, Development planning, National planning policy. Defines and locates planning within the context of the state. Discusses the changing nature of the environment for planning as a direct consequence of the fluid nature of the state. 2632 Wilsenach, Andre. "Urban housing: A growing Third World problem." Africa Insight 13, no. 2 (1983): 139-146. tables. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa, Botswana. SUBJECTS: Housing, Housing policy, Urbanization, Household economy. 2633 Zelensky, Yu. I. "Transport." Africa in Soviet Studies (1982): 92-106. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Division of labor, Transportation system, Foreign capital, Infrastructure. KEYWORDS:

transport; air transportation. SEE ALSO 5708, 5964, 6626,13623,14643, 15628.

Politics

2634 No Author. "One-party or multi-party system." Journal of African Marxists no. 3 (January 1983): 2-5. SUBJECTS: Imperialism, Bourgeoisie, Socialistrevolution, One-party system, Socialism, Political parties. 2635 Aaron, Gana. 'The state in Africa: Yesterday, today, tomorrow." Revue internationale de science politique!International Political Science Review 6, no. 1 (1985): 115-132. tables. SUBJECTS: Capitalism, Class struggle, State power, Colonialism. 2636 Abernethy, David. "Bureaucratic growth and economic stagnation in sub-Saharan Africa." In: Africa's Development Challenges and the World Bank: Hard Questions, Costly Choices, edited by Stephen K. Commins. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1988. 179-214 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Government bureaucracy, Economic growth rate, Public sector, Ideologies. Proposes that ideological preferences have been marginal in the expansion of African states. Argues that shifting resources to the private sector will not guarantee growth and efficiency. 2637 Abrams, Elliott. "Pluralism and democracy." In: Democracy and Pluralism in Africa, edited by Dov Ronen. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1986. 61-64 pp. SUBJECTS: Political instability, Political power, Democracy. States that political instability has been exacerbated by ethnic unrest and that a serious commitment to the promotion of democracy requires the US to foster market economies and encourage authoritarian governments to grant autonomy to the mediating institutions of society. 2638 Adamolekun, Ladipo. "Political leadership in sub-Saharan Africa: From giants to dwarfs." Revue internationale de science politique/International Political Science Review 9, no. 2 (1988): 95106. SUBJECTS: Personalized leadership, National liberation movement, Nation building, Leadership analysis. Examines national liberation struggles and the subsequent activity of nation building that have dominated the political development of sub-Saharan African states. 2639 Adeniran, Tunde. "Military rule and nation-building: Praetorianism revisited." The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies 27, no. 3 (November 1985): 329-344. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Nation building, Military government, Political development, Coup d'état. 2640 Afigbo, A. E. The Making of Modern Africa. Vol. 1 of 2. New York: Longman, 1986. 322 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Political history, Historical analysis, Nation building, Political development, Colonialism. Discusses the political history of Africa from prehistory to the colonial partition. Examines the local politics compared to the colonial division and the lasting effects of the partition. 2641 Afigbo, A. E. The Making of Modern Africa. Vol. 2 of 2. New York: Longman, 1986. 409 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Political history, Historical analysis, Nation building, Political development, Decolonization. Discusses the political development of Africa from the partition

AFRICA/Politics • to the present. Examines the process of decolonization and the independence movements involved. Outlines the changes in political structures and national boundaries during the independence process. 2642 African Association for Public Administration. The Ecology of Public Administration and Management in Africa. New Delhi, India: Vikas, 1986. 303 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic management, Public administration, Political development, Public policy. Papers presented at the 1983 Annual Roundtable of the African Association for Public Administration and Management (AAPAM) held at Arusha, Tanzania. Addresses the question of the changing ecology of public administration and management in Africa. 2643 African Studies Unit, University of Leeds. The Transition to Socialism in Africa. East Ardsley, UK: Microform, 1983. 400 pp. SUBJECTS: Socialism, Labor migration, Peasant class, Agricultural development, Marxist analysis. 2644 Agbaje, Adigun. "Traditional channels of political communication in Africa." In: African Traditional Political Thought and Institutions, edited by John A. A. Ayoade and Adigun A. B. Agbaje. Lagos, Nigeria: Centre for Black and African Arts and Civilization, 1989. 247-255 pp. SUBJECTS: Traditional authority, Political history, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: political communication. Focuses on the institutional framework for political communication flow in precolonial Africa, the impact of colonialism, and the state of traditional communication institutions in contemporary Africa. 2645 Aguessy, Honorat. Libérer 1'initiative africaine. Cotonou, Benin: Laboratoire de Sociologie Anthropologie et Etudes Africaines, 1982. 350 pp. ALSO COVERS: Benin. SUBJECTS: Technology transfer, Traditional society, Traditional political system, Economic development, Political development, Education policy. KEYWORDS: sociology discipline; ECOWAS. 2646 Agyeman, Opoku. "African publius." The Journal of Modern African Studies 23, no. 3 (September 1985): 371-388. SUBJECTS: International relations, Historical analysis, Pan Africanism, Ideologies. KEYWORDS: OAU; Nkrumah, Kwame; UAS (Union of African States). 2647 Akinola, Olufemi A. "The colonial heritage and modem constitutionalism in Africa." In: African Traditional Political Thought and Institutions, edited by John A. A. Ayoade and Adigun A. B. Agbaje. Lagos, Nigeria: Centre for Black and African Arts and Civilization, 1989. 259-277 pp. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Political participation, Democracy, Constitutional development, Elite analysis. Argues that the legacy of colonialism inhibits the growth of constitutionalism. Examines popular participation, want satisfaction, elite interests, and elite-mass relations, especially on public policy issues and government performance. 2648 Akinyemi, A. Bolaji. "The Organization of African Unity and African identity." Africa Quarterly 20, no. 3/4 (1981): 5-18. SUBJECTS: International relations, Pan Africanism, Coup d'état, Territorial sovereignty. KEYWORDS: Congo Crisis 1960-1965; Nigerian Civil War 1967-1970; OAU; Angolan Civil War 1975present; Biafran war. 2649 Aligwekwe, P. E. "Development without corruption." In: Nigeria: Corruption in Development, edited by Femi Odekunle. Ibadan, Nigeria: Ibadan University Press, 1983. 209-219 pp. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: National development, Corruption, Oil industry, Marxist analysis. 2650 Alpers, Edward A. "Saving baby from the bath water." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 19, no. 1 (1985): 17-18. SUBJECTS: Political ideology,

167

Historical analysis, Political theory, Marxist analysis. KEYWORDS: modes of production. 2651 Amate, C. O. C. Inside the OAU: Pan-Africanism in Practice. Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan, 1986. 603 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Pan Africanism, Decolonization, Political alliance, International relations. KEYWORDS: OAU. Oultines the history and development of the OAU as a political and economic force in Africa. Discusses the OAU as an institutionalized body to assist in the conflicts and politics of the continent and examines its role in development. 2652 Amin, Samir. "Democracy and national strategy in the periphery." Third World Quarterly 9, no. 4 (October 1987): 11291157. SUBJECTS: International relations, Democracy, Economic dependency, Dependency theory. Argues against the concept of evolutionary progress toward democracy in the Third World. Holds that the oppressive demands placed on peripheral populations within a capitalist international economic order make such progress impossible. Suggests that only by delinking can countries in the Third World hope to develop democratically. 2653 Amin, Samir. "Expansion or crisis of capitalism." Third World Quarterly5,no. 2(April 1983): 361-385. tables. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Political economy studies, Historical analysis, Models, Marxism, Bourgeoisie, Capitalism. KEYWORDS: modes of production. 2654 Amin, Samir. "La Question démocratique dans le tiers monde contemporain." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 14, no. 2 (1989): 5-25. SUBJECTS: Democracy, Liberalism, Capitalism, Free market. States that democratization as pushed by Western nations is a neoliberal version that equates capitalism with democracy and therefore the free market, private property, and anti-statism with human liberation. Asks whether this type of democracy is what the Third World needs. 2655 Amissah, Austin. "Constitutionalism and law in Africa." In: Democracy and Pluralism in Africa, edited by Dov Ronen. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1986. 41-51 pp. SUBJECTS: Elections, Corruption, Constitutional development, Military intervention. Discusses the inherent contradictions in modern African societies in terms of the political structures that have been established during the period of colonization. 2656 Ankrah, E. Maxine. "Radicalising roles for Africa's development: Some evolving practice issues." Journal of Social Development in Africa 2, no. 2 (1987): 5-25. SUBJECTS: Modernization theory, Dependency theory, Social change. KEYWORDS: alternative development; radical paradigm; social work. Criticizes both modernization and dependency schools of thought as having retarded the ability of social work to help solve Africa's problems. Urges a shift toward a radical paradigm reflecting five key interdisciplinary dimensions that offer a plan for the future. 2657 Ansprenger, Franz. "External relations of the African democratic experience." In: Democratic Theory and Practice in Africa, edited by Walter O. Oyugi, E. S. Atieno Odhiambo, Michael Chege, and Afrifa K. Gitonga. Portsmouth, New Hampshire: Heinemann, 1988. 160-174 pp. SUBJECTS: Democracy, Self-determination, International relations, One-party system. KEYWORDS: OAU. Focuses on the external influences on the African democratic experience. Examines the extent to which conditions affecting democratic behavior and experience in Africa can be traced to Africa's past and present relationships with the external environment. 2658 Anyang'Nyong'o, P. "Political instability and the prospects for

168

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democracy in Africa." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 13, no. 1 (1988): 71-86. SUBJECTS: Democracy, Political system, State power, Foreign policy, Modernization theory, Political stability, National development. KEYWORDS: popular movements. States that African countries have failed to forge successful development paths because of the absence of accountability or democracy. Argues that citizen roles have been reduced, political leaders manipulate social and political forces to justify their power, and foreign powers selfishly intervene. 2659 Anyang'Nyong'o, Peter. "A rejoinder to the comments on democracy and political instability." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 13, no. 3 (1988): 83-87. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Democracy, Political instability, Authoritarian government, Economic development, Political development. KEYWORDS: Mkandawire, Thandika. Responds to Thandika Mkandawire's critique of the author's essay on the relationship between democracy and development in Africa, suggesting that while Mkandawire's points are correct, they do not fully address the argument put forth in article "State and Society in Kenya." 2660 Anyang'Nyong'o, Peter. "Instabilité politique et perspectives de démocratie en Afrique." Politique étrangère 53, no. 3 (1988): 589-602. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Colonialism, Economic development, Nation building, Democratization, Political instability, Political conflict. Discusses the prospects for democratization in many African countries, concluding that these prospects are overshadowed by the vestiges of colonialism and internal political conflict. 2661 Anyang'Nyong'o, Peter, ed. Popular Struggles for Democracy in Africa. Tokyo, Japan: Zed, 1987. 288 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Democracy, Government analysis, Bourgeoisie, Independence movement, Apartheid, Coup d'etat, Working class. KEYWORDS: statesociety relations; Congo-Brazzaville; UDF (United Democratic Front); SACC (South African Council of Churches); MOJA (Movement for Justice in Africa). A collection of essays examining the development of a popular national state in Africa. Addresses whether or not there is any hope of resolving the inheritance of underdevelopment without systematic intervention by the state. 2662 Anyang'Nyong'o, Peter. "The economic foundations of the state in contemporary Africa: Stratification and social classes." Présence africaine 127/128 (1983): 187-196. SUBJECTS: Traditional political system, Decolonization, State formation, Class analysis, Traditional society. 2663 Armah, Ayi Kwei. "Masks and Marx: The Marxist ethos vis à vis African revolutionary theory and praxis." Présence africaine 131 (1984): 35-65. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Marxist analysis, Colonialism, Neocolonialism, Communism. KEYWORDS: revolutionary social theory; World Revolution theory. 2664 Asiwaju, A. I., ed. Partitioned Africans: Ethnic relations across Africa's international boundaries 1884-1984. Lagos, Nigeria: University of Lagos Press, 1985. 275 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Political history, Ethnicity, Ethnic conflict, Ethnic politics, Decolonization. 2665 Auda, Abdel Malik. "An evaluation of the Afro-Arab cooperation experiment." In: The Arabs and Africa, edited by Khair El-Din Haseeb. Beirut, Lebanon: Centre for Arab Unity Studies, 1985. 574637 pp. SUBJECTS: International cooperation, Political alliance, Regional integration, Political integration, Development theory. KEYWORDS: Afro-Arab Cooperation Experiment 1973-1983. 2666 Auma-Osolo, Agola. Cause-Effects

of Modern

African

Nationalism on the World Market. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1983.231 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Leadership analysis, Capitalism, Literature review, Colonialism, Historical analysis, Nationalism. KEYWORDS: social science discipline. 2667 Austin, Dennis. "Pax Africana?" In: Military Power and Politics in Black Africa, edited by Simon Baynham. London: Croom Helm, 1986. 166-176 pp. SUBJECTS: Pan Africanism, Political alliance, Military alliance, International cooperation, Regional cooperation. KEYWORDS: OAU; Pax Africana. Discusses the idea of African unity since independence and examines the question of how seriously to take regional and continental treaties and associations. Outlines the role of the OAU as a conservative organization, seeking to hold the current map of Africa as it is. 2668 Austin, Dennis. Politics in Africa. 2nd ed. Hanover, New Hampshire: University Press of New England, 1984. 187 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Political development, Nationalist movement, Historical analysis, Government analysis, Nationalism, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: OAU; ECOWAS. 2669 Awa, Eme O. 'Teaching political science in African universities: A problem-solving approach." In: Political Science in Africa: A Critical Review, edited by Yolamu R. Barongo. London: Zed, 1983. 27-36 pp. SUBJECTS: Public administration, Political theory, Higher education, Dependency theory, Corruption, Management. KEYWORDS: social science discipline. 2670 Awak'ayom. "Mort de Cheikh Anta Diop (1923-1986) et réactions dans le monde africain et la diaspora africaine." Zaïre-Afrique no. 233 (March 1989): 77-93. biblio. SUBJECTS: Biography, Leadership analysis. KEYWORDS: diaspora; Diop, Cheikh Anta. Gives a panoramic view of the degree of sorrow shared by Africans of the diaspora and the continent at the time of Cheikh Anta Diop's death in 1986. Examines the reasons behind such emotions. 2671 Ayoade, J. A. "The administration of development plans in Africa: A comparative perspective." The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies 25, no. 1 (March 1983): 61-98. tables. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Government bureaucracy, Development theory, Public administration, Mixed economy, Economic planning. 2672 Ayoade, John A. A., and Adigun A. B. Agbaje, eds. African Traditional PoliticalThought and Institutions. Lagos, Nigeria: Centre for Black and African Arts and Civilization, 1989. 342 pp. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria, Benin. SUBJECTS: Traditional society, Ideologies, Human rights, Modernization, Traditional authority, Political analysis, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: Tiv people; modes of production; Nkrumah, Kwame; Nyerere, Julius K.; Igbo people. Presents a collection of papers attempting to subject the African past to a critical and sustained analysis in the belief that a restructuring of intellectual effort can help the continent in its search for enduring frameworks for governance. 2673 Ayoade, John A. A. "States without citizens: An emerging African phenomenon." In: The Precarious Balance: State and Society in Africa, edited by Donald Rothchild and Naomi Chazan. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1988. 100-118 pp. SUBJECTS: Nation state, Government bureaucracy, Economic crisis, Corruption. Describes the development of government paralysis in subSaharan Africa. Attributes this paralysis to an African view of government as a source of free goods through political patronage. Suggests that the authority of the African state has steadily declined as resources for patronage have diminished.

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2674 Ayoade, John A. A. "The African search for democracy: Hopes and reality." In: Democracy and Pluralism in Africa, edited by Dov Ronen. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1986. 19-33 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Democracy, Colonialism, Traditional political system, Political participation. KEYWORDS: small-scale government. States that colonialism has retarded the growth of traditional political institutions and that the solution to Africa's problem of governance lies in smaller-scale governments, which are needed to attract the disillusioned back to political process and create national unity.

169

Political succession, Political stability, Military policy. KEYWORDS: Sankara, Thomas; Bokassa, Jean Bedel; Haidallah, Ould; Francophone Africa. 2684 Barongo, Yolamu, ed. Political Science in Africa: A Critical Review. London: Zed, 1983. 270 pp. SUBJECTS: Marxist analysis, Political theory, Literature review, Higher education, Elections, Research methodology. KEYWORDS: political science discipline.

2675 Ayoob, Mohammed. "The revolutionary thrust of Islamic political tradition." Third World Quarterly 3, no. 2 (April 1981): 269-276. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Revolutionary movement, Islamic society, Populism, Colonialism, Islam.

2685 Barongo, YolamuR. "Alternative approaches to African politics." In: Political Science in Africa: A Critical Review, edited by Yolamu R. Barongo. London: Zed, 1983. 138-154 pp. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Colonialism, Modernization, Elite analysis, Dependency theory, Poverty, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: cultural pluralism.

2676 Azarya, Victor. "Reordering state-society relations: Incorporation and Disengagement." In: The Precarious Balance: State and Society in Africa, edited by Donai Rothchild and Naomi Chazan. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1988. 3-21 pp. SUBJECTS: Nation state, State power, Political analysis. Examines the response of African society to the new nation-states of Africa. Notes the degree to which people are directly affected by state power and the impact this has upon societal involvement in government.

2686 Barrows, Walter. "Dynamics of military rule in Black Africa." In: African Armies, Evolution and Capabilities, edited by Bruce Arlinghaus and Pauline Baker. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1986. 84-94 pp. SUBJECTS: Military government, Military policy, Military intervention, Civilian government, Political analysis. Examines the political fators influencing military government in Africa in the 1990s. Discusses the forces affecting the military as it attempts to rule a nation. Examines the effects on the military as a fighting force and a political unit.

2677 Babu, Abdul Rahman Mohamed. African Socialism or Socialist Africa? London: Zed, 1981. 189 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South A f r i c a . S U B J E C T S : U n d e r d e v e l o p m e n t , Marxism, Neocolonialism, Class analysis, Socialism. KEYWORDS: revolutionary development strategy; EEC; African socialism.

2687 Bayart, J. F. "La Revanche des sociétés africaines." Politique africaine no. 11 (September 1983): 95-127. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Ethnicity, Traditional authority, Ideologies, Traditional political system.

2678 Badejo, Babafemi A., and S. A. Ogunyemi. "Integrating the past with the present: A futile exercise?" In: African Traditional Political Thought and Institutions, edited by John A. A. Ayoade and Adigun A. B. Agbaje. Lagos, Nigeria: Centre for Black and African Arts and Civilization, 1989. 175-186 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Traditional authority, Capitalism. KEYWORDS: modes of production. Examines the possible role of the past in the present. Concludes that the institutions of traditional rulership are irrelevant to the crisis of peripheral capitalism.

2688 Bayart, Jean-François. "Civil society in Africa." In: Political Domination in Africa: Reflections on the Limits of Power, edited by Patrick Chabal. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1986. 109-125 pp. SUBJECTS: Political theory, State politics. KEYWORDS: civil society; MORENA (Mouvement de Rénovation Nationale). Analyzes the question of democratic government in African states. Discusses the establishment of autonomous space for mass expression and its impact on the state structure. States that Africa's potential for democracy is revealed by the creation of small collectives rather than by parliaments and parties.

2679 Badibanga, André. "Je Suis le 'Père de la nation'."Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 180/181 (1981): 103-116. ALSO COVERS: Zaire. SUBJECTS: Political participation. KEYWORDS: Bokassa, Jean Bedel; Mobutu Sese Seko.

2689 Beckman, Bjorn. "Political science and political economy." In: Political Science in Africa: A Critical Review, edited by Yolamu R. Barongo. London: Zed, 1983. 101-111 pp. SUBJECTS: Political economy studies, Higher education, Government analysis, Political theory, Education reform, Marxism. KEYWORDS: state analysis.

2680 Bakary, Tessilimi. "Elite transformation and political succession." In: The Political Economy of Ivory Coast, edited by I. William Zartman and Christopher Delgado. New York: Praeger, 1984. 21-55 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Côte d'Ivoire. SUBJECTS: Political stability, Political elite, Political succession. KEYWORDS: Houphouet-Boigny, Felix; PDCI.

2690 Beckman, Bjorn. 'The military as revolutionary vanguard: A critique." Review of African Political Economy 37 (1986): 50-62. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Socialist government, Military government, Revolutionary movement, Marxist analysis, Ruling class. KEYWORDS: Muhammed, Murtala Ramat; Rawlings, Jerry J.; Sankara, Thomas; vanguard theory. Examines theories of military vanguard rule and asserts that such regimes divert attention from political organizations capable of creating more democratic structures. Concludes that military vanguardism invites political adventurism and the neglect of political organization.

2681 Bakary, Tessilimi. "La Vie politique dans les états africains en 1983." Année africaine (1983): 39-66. other docs. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria, Cameroon. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Political succession, Military government, Democracy. KEYWORDS: Biya, Paul. 2682 Bakary, Tessy. "La Vie politique dans les états d'Afrique en 1984." Année africaine (1984): 23-46. other docs. ALSO COVERS: Liberia, Guinea. SUBJECTS: Coup d'état, Political instability, Military government, Democracy, Liberation movement. KEYWORDS: Doe, Samuel Kanyon; Toure, Ahmed Sekou; Sankara, Thomas. 2683 Balans, Jean-Louis. "La Vie politique dans les états Africains francophones en 1 9 8 2 A n n é e africaine (1982): 70-90. SUBJECTS:

2691 Beckman, Bjorn. "The post-colonial state: Crisis and reconstruction." Institute of Development Studies Bulletin 19, no. 4 (October 1988): 26-34. SUBJECTS: Economic crisis, State intervention, Government analysis, Class analysis. Examines the widely heralded failure of the African state. Considers neopatrimonial, monopolistic, and comprador theories of state failure. Argues that the focus on national bourgeoisie—or the absence thereof—prevents an understanding of the importance of the ruling classes.

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2692 Belloncle, Guy. La Question paysanne en Afrique noire. Paris: Karthala, 1982.110 pp. SUBJECTS: State formation, Rural development, Peasant society, Socialist economy, Marxist analysis, Development planning, Capitalist development. KEYWORDS: village association. 2693 Benchenane, Mustapha. Les Coups d'état en Afrique. Paris: Publisud, 1983. 196 pp. SUBJECTS: Coup d'état, Social change, Political power, Ethnie politics, Military government. KEYWORDS: Amin, Idi; Dergue; Mobutu Sese Seko; Numayri, Ja'far Muhammad; Hassan II, Muhammad. 2694 Benchenane, Mustapha. Les Régimes militaires africains. Paris: Publisud, 1984. 222 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Zaire, Ghana. SUBJECTS: Military government, Socialism, Political ideology. KEYWORDS: Ben Bella, Ahmed; Barre, Mohamed Siad; Mobutu Sese Seko; Nkrumah, Kwame; CIA. 2695 Bendo-Soupou, Dominique. "Politique culturelle africaine de l'union soviétique: stratégie de la pénétration." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 211/212 (1983): 21-46. SUBJECTS: International relations, Political culture, Socialist government, Liberation movement, Student protest, Communism. KEYWORDS: USSR-Africa relations. 2696 Benmessaoud Tredano, Abdelmoughit. Intangibilité des frontières coloniales et espace étatique en Afrique. Paris: Librairie Générale de Droit et de Jurisprudence, 1989.255 pp. biblio, other docs. SUBJECTS: Territorial sovereignty, Border conflict, Historical analysis, Geographical analysis, Pan-Africanism. KEYWORDS: Nkrumah, Kwame; OAU; UN. Addresses the problem of the respect of territorial sovereignty and intangibility of borders inherited from colonialism in Africa. Explores the political and national issues related to the problem and investigates the formation of possible regional groups of states. 2697 Berry, Sara. Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Africa: A Critical Essay. Boston, Massachusetts: African Studies Center, Boston University, 1981. 33 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Poverty, Capitalism, Class analysis, Marxist analysis, Underdevelopment, Dependency theory. KEYWORDS: modes of production. 2698 Beseat, Kifle Selassie. "Convaincre, contrôler ou contraindre." Afrique contemporaine 127/128 (1983): 79-107. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Traditional political system, Nation-state, Political culture, Political elite. KEYWORDS: Haile Selassie I. 2699 Betts, Richard K., and Samuel P. Huntington. "Dead dictators and rioting mobs: Does the demise of authoritarian rulers lead to political instability?" International Security 10, no. 3 (Winter 1985/1986): 112146. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Political theory, Authoritarian government. KEYWORDS: US-Africa relations. 2700 Bienen, Henry, and Mark Gersovitz. "Consumer subsidy cuts, violence, and political stability." Comparative Politics 19, no. 1 (1986): 25-44. tables. ALSOCOVERS: Sudan, Ethiopia. SUBJECTS: Political stability, Political violence, Government analysis, Food policy, Political system. KEYWORDS: consumer subsidy. Examines a widely held view that decreases in consumer subsidies generally lead to episodes of political violence in developing countries and contribute significantly to political instability. States that cuts may trigger protests that begin a chain of events leading to greater political instability. 2701 Bienen, Henry. "The state and ethnicity: Integrative formulas in Africa." In: State Versus Ethnic Claims: African Policy Dilemmas, edited by Donald Rothchild and Victor A. Olorunsola. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1983. 100-126 pp. ALSO COVERS: Guinea-

Bissau. SUBJECTS: Marxism-Leninism, Political analysis, Class analysis, State politics, Armed forces. KEYWORDS: Cabrai, Amflcar; FRELIMO; MPLA. 2702 Bienen, Henry, and Nicolas van de Walle. "Time and power in Africa." American Political Science Review 83, no. 1 (March 1989): 19-34. tables. SUBJECTS: Leadership analysis, Authoritarian government, Coup d'état. KEYWORDS: hazard model. Places time at the center of an analysis of African government instability. Argues that the risk of losing power decreases the longer an African leader has been in power and that the best predictor of loss of power is a ruler's length of rule. 2703 Binda, Ngoma, ed. Idéologies traditionnelles et modernes dans les états d'Afrique noire. L'Horizon d'une catastrophe. Kinshasa, Zaire: Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales, 1982. 27 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Ideologies, Traditional society, Capitalism. KEYWORDS: modes of production. 2704 Boelens-Bouvier. Régimes politiques des pays en voie de développement. Vol. 1 of 4. Brussels, Belgium: Presses Universitaires de Bruxelles, 1981. 55 pp. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Power politics, Traditional political system, Political development, Liberation movement. KEYWORDS: Baganda people; Ashanti people. 2705 Boelens-Bouvier. Régimes politiques des pays en voie de développement. Vol. 3 of 4. Brussels, Belgium: Presses Universitaires de Bruxelles, 1981. 46 pp. SUBJECTS: Political development, Decolonization, Military government, Leadership analysis, Political instability. 2706 Boelens-Bouvier. Régimes politiques des pays en voie de développement. Vol. 2 of 4. Brussels, Belgium: Presses Universitaires de Bruxelles, 1981. 120 pp. SUBJECTS: Power politics, Modernization, Traditional political system, Ethnicity, Liberation movement, Decolonization, Nationalism. 2707 Booth, David. "Alternatives in the restructuring of state-society relations: Research issues for tropical Africa." Institute of Development Studies Bulletin 18, no. 4 (October 1987): 23-30. biblio. SUBJECTS: State power. KEYWORDS: state-society relations. Notes the rise of market-oriented approaches and the withdrawal of the state. Argues that the retreat of the state must be understood in the context of Africa's own political, economic, and social transformations since independence. Describes false research directions and civil society development in Africa. 2708 Braghinsky, M. I. "New phenomena in the emergence of the African proletariat." Africa in Soviet Studies (1983): 90-103. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Class analysis, Class struggle, Marxist analysis, Socialism, Working class. 2709 Brehme, G. "Constitutionalization and reconstitutionalization of political systems in Africa." In: African Studies: Afrika-Studien, edited by Gerhard Brehme and Thea Büttner. Berlin, West Germany: Akademie-Verlag, 1983. 203-216 pp. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania, Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Constitution, Political system, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: TANU; CCM (ChamaChaMapinduzi); Nigerian Constitution 1979. 2710 Brehme, Gerhard, and Thea Büttner, eds. African Studies: Afrika-Studien. Berlin, West Germany: Akademie-Verlag, 1983. 286 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Language policy, Nationalism, Colonialism, Marxism-Leninism, Political system. KEYWORDS: Swahili language; FRELIMO; OAU. 2711 Callaghy, Thomas. "Politics and vision in Africa: The interplay of domination, equality and liberty." In: Political Domination in

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Africa: Reflections on the Limits of Power, edited by Patrick Chabal. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1986. 30-51 pp. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: State government, Democracy, Historical analysis, Democracy, Liberalism. KEYWORDS: Diamond, Larry; patrimonial system; Latin America-Africa relations. Discusses the difficulties of fitting the realities of everyday politics to visions of a better society. 2712 Callaghy, Thomas M. "The state as lame leviathan: The patrimonial administrative state in Africa." In: The African State in Transition, edited by Zaki Ergas. London: Macmillan, 1987. 87-116 pp. SUBJECTS: State power, Ruling class, Capitalism, Authoritarian government. Examines the tendancy of postcolonial African nations to move toward authoritarian government. Discusses the forms that these governments have acquired and the difficulties that they create for effective governance. 2713 Calvocoressi, Peter. Independent Africa and the World. London: Longman, 1985.151 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: International relations, Liberation movement, Pan Africanism, Ideologies. KEYWORDS: OAU. 2714 Carter, Gwendolen M., and Patrick O'Meara, eds. African Independence: The First Twenty-Five Years. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1985.364 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Political ideology, Political system, Military government, International economic relations. KEYWORDS: UN; Lagos Plan of Action 1980; OAU. 2715 Cartwright, John R. Political Leadership in Africa. London: Croom Helm, 1983. 310 pp. ALSO COVERS: Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire. S U B J E C T S : Political development, L e a d e r s h i p analysis, Colonialism, Economic development. KEYWORDS: Senghor, Léopold Sédar; Nyerere, Julius K.; Toure, Ahmed Sekou; Obote, Milton; Mengistu Haile Mariam. 2716 Chabal, Patrick, ed. Political Domination in Africa: Reflections on the Limits of Power. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1986.211 pp. ALSO COVERS: Guinea-Bissau. SUBJECTS: Political analysis, Democracy, Religious politics, Islam, Revolutionary movement. KEYWORDS: civil society. Suggests a new approach to the analysis of political theory and practice in Africa which takes into account achievements and limitations of political theory in the historical experience of European countries as it relates to Africa today. Strives to integrate the history of Africa with an understanding of its politics. 2717 Chabal, Patrick. "Revolutionary democracy in Africa: The case of Guinea-Bissau." In: Political Domination in Africa: Reflections on the Limits of Power, edited by Patrick Chabal. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1986. 84-108 pp. ALSO COVERS: Guinea-Bissau. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Socialism, Revolutionary movement, Nationalist movement. KEYWORDS: PAIGC; agrarian socialism; Vieria, Joao Bernardo; Cabrai, Luis de Almeida. Analyzes the relevance of the nationalist war for revolutionary democracy and agrarian soialism and its relevance for Africa. Discusses the extent, nature, meaning, and implications of this with reference to the so-called "Guinea-Bissau experiment." 2718 Charlton, Roger. "Military intervention in politics: Some comments on J. I. Elaigwu's 'African Perspective'." Genève Afrique/Geneva Africa 20, no. 1 (1982): 172-176. SUBJECTS: Civilian government, Military government, Coup d'état, Intervention policy, One-party system, State formation. KEYWORDS: Elaigwu, J. I. 2719 Chauveau, J. P., J. P. Dozen, E. Le Bris, and G. Salem. "Rapport introductif d'enjeux fonciers en Afrique noire." In: Enjeux

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fonciers en Afrique noire, edited by E. Le Bris, E. Le Roy, and F. Leimdorfer. Paris: Karthala, 1982.17-43 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Land reform, Land-use policy, Colonialism, Traditional society, National development, State intervention. 2720 Chazan, Naomi. "Ideology, policy, and the crisis of poverty: The African case." The Jerusalem Journal of International Relations 10, no. 4 (December 1988): 1-30. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, Political ideology, Poverty, Socialism, Market economy. KEYWORDS: African Marxism; FRELIMO; Nyerere, Julius K.; Mobutu Sese Seko. Surveys the international orientations of several African countries and their approaches to dealing with poverty. Examines the ideological dilemmas that such countries face when forced to make decisions about foreign policy against a background of famine and crisis. 2721 Chazan, Naomi. "New politics of participation in tropical Africa." Comparative Politics 14, no. 2 (January 1982): 169-190. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Elections, Political parties, Public policy, Conflict resolution. 2722 Chazan, Naomi. "Patterns of state-society incorporation and disengagement in Africa." In: The Precarious Balance: State and Society in Africa, edited by Donald Rothchild and Naomi Chazan. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1988. 121-148 pp. SUBJECTS: Nation-state, State power, Political development, Government analysis, Political control. Discusses the linkages between state and society in Africa and suggests that social control does not necessarily result from political control. The African state rarely exercises economic control over all its citizens, resulting in diffuse rather than centralized social control. 2723 Chazan, Naomi, Robert Mortimer, John Ravenhill, and Donald Rothchild. Politics and Society in Contemporary Africa. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1988. 459 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Political analysis, State politics, Political economy studies, International relations, Government analysis, Colonialism, Class analysis. KEYWORDS: intra-African relations. Discusses the complexity and diversity of postcolonial Africa, specifically its political structures, political processes and change, political economy, international relations, and political futures. 2724 Chazan, Naomi. "State and society in Africa: Images and challenges." In: The Precarious Balance: State and Society in Africa, edited by Donald Rothchild and Michael W. Foley. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1988. 325-342 pp. SUBJECTS: State power, Government analysis, Political crisis, Political change. Gives an overview of the topic of state power in postcolonial Africa as discussed in the entire edited volume. Mentions the diminishing power of the state, the development of unofficial economies, and the reordering of African political structures. 2725 Chikwendu, Ebitini. "The African peasantry: Neglected by African political science." In: Political Science in Africa: A Critical Review, edited by Yolamu R. Barongo. London: Zed, 1983. 37-47 pp. SUBJECTS: Underdevelopment, Political theory, Higher education, Peasant society, Capitalism. 2726 Chirkin, V. Ye. "The developing countries of socialist orientation: The unity of, and contradictions in, the political system." Africa in Soviet Studies (1987): 50-67. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Socialism, Political change, Political development. Analyzes the political superstructure of socialism-orientated contries, as well as of the dialectics of its development. Discusses enhancing the role played by the working masses in the social life and of gradually consolidating the state machinery. 2727 Cohen, Dennis L. "Elections and election studies in Africa." In:

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Political Science in Africa: A Critical Review, edited by Yolamu R. Barongo. London: Zed, 1983. 72-93 pp. SUBJECTS: Elections, Higher education, Literature review, Research methodology, Political participation, Behavioral analysis. 2728 Cohen, Dennis L., and John Daniel, eds. Political Economy of Africa: Selected Readings. London: Longman, 1981. 289 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Political economy studies, Dependency theory, Development policy, Political development, Capitalism, Economic dependency. 2729 Cohen, Yusef, Brian Brown, and A. F. K. Organski. 'The paradoxical nature of state-making." American Political Science Review 75, no. 4 (1981): 901-910. SUBJECTS: Political power, Political violence, Economic growth policy, Political theory. 2730 Coleman, James S., and C. R. D. Halisi. "American political science and Tropical Africa." The African Studies Review 26, no. 3/4 (September/December 1983): 25-62. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Political power, Nationalism, Political economy studies, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: political science discipline. 2731 Collier, Ruth Berins. Regimes in Tropical Africa: Changing Forms of Supremacy, 1945-1975. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, 1982. 221 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Civilian government, Authoritarian government, Statistical analysis, Political succession, Political power, National liberation movement, Political instability. 2732 Constantin, F. "Et si le pouvoir était au bout de la culture." Politique africaine no. 9 (March 1983): 8-28. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Ethnicity, Traditional political system, Ideologies, Religion.

society, Models. KEYWORDS: political autonomy; modes of production. Provides an introduction to the intellectual arguments surrounding the political economy in Africa by comparing the French- and English-language schools. 2738 Cornevin, Robert. "L'Afrique contemporaine a 20 ans." Afrique contemporaine 121 (May/June 1982): 1-22. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Political history. 2739 Coulon, Christian. Les Musulmans et le pouvoir en Afrique noire:religionetcontre-culture. Paris: Karthala, 1983.169pp. ALSO COVERS: Senegal. SUBJECTS: State formation, Islamic society, Religion, Education policy, Political development. 2740 Crowder, Michael. "Whose dream was it anyway? Twenty-five years of African independence." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 86, no. 342 (January 1987): 7-24. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Government analysis, Colonialism, One-party system, Human rights, Personalized leadership, Democracy. Asserts that almost all African nations have failed in implementing liberal democracies. States that personalized rule, oppressive regimes, single-party states, and human rights violations have been the order of the day. Argues that African nations must take the blame, although colonialism set the tone. 2741 Crummy, Donald, and C. C. Stewart, eds. Modes of Production in Africa: ThePrecolonialEra. Vol. 5. Beverly Hills, California: Sage, 1981.256 pp. maps. ALSO COVERS: Ethiopia, Uganda. SUBJECTS: State formation, Class formation, State government, Class analysis. KEYWORDS: modes of production. 2742 Daddah, Turkia Ould. "Valeurs socio-culturelles et administration publique." Afrique contemporaine 125 (January/February 1983): 3-34. SUBJECTS: Traditional political system, Public administration.

2733 Conyers, D. "Centralization and development planning: A comparative perspective." In: Decentralization for Participatory Planning? edited by P. de Valk and K. H. Wekwete. Alderhot, UK: Avebury, 1990.15-34 pp. ALSO COVERS: Zimbabwe. SUBJECTS: Development planning, Decentralization, Development theory, Political participation, Government bureaucracy, Local government. Examines decentralized development programs in a number of different countries in order to draw up potential strategies for Zimbabwe. Maintains that decentralization is foremost a political process which, while not a panacea, is effective because it gives power to those in the development process.

2743 Dagui, N'Gabo. "Un Exemple de difficultés de mise en oeuvre et d'éventuelle adaptation des législations modernes en Afrique noire: le congé pour événements familiaux." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 42, no. 1 (January/Feburary 1988): 98-109. SUBJECTS: Legislative action, State power, Traditional political system, Family. Addresses legislation and the modern state, and legislation's impact on the family in Africa.

2734 Cooper, Frederick. "Africa and the world economy." The African Studies Review 24, no. 2/3 (June/September 1981): 1-86. biblio. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Capitalism, Imperialism, Marxism, Colonialism, Underdevelopment, Dependency theory.

2744 Dailly, Ch., M. Diabate, J. Fallope, and P. Kipre. "La Solidarité du monde noir et les conditions de son expression." Présence africaine 117/118 ( 1981 ): 57-105. SUBJECTS : Ethnie politics, Pan Africanism, N a t i o n a l i s m , Ethnicity, C o l o n i a l i s m . K E Y W O R D S : Black nationalism.

2735 Copans, Jean. "La Banalisation de l'état africain. A propos de 'L'Etat en Afrique' de J. F. Bayart." Politique africaine no. 37 (March 1990): 95-101. SUBJECTS: Literature review, State power, State politics. KEYWORDS: Bayart, Jean-François. Reviews "L'Etat en Afrique. La politique du ventre," by J. F. Bayart, which looks at the role of the state in Africa.

2745 Daniel, John. "The culture of dependency and political education in Africa." In: Political Economy of Africa: Selected Readings, edited by Dennis L. Cohen and John Daniel. London: Longman, 1981. 171-179 pp. SUBJECTS: Dependency theory, Cultural identity, Sociological analysis, Education system, Political culture.

2736 Copans, Jean. ' T h e Marxist conception of class: Political and theoretical elaboration in the African and Africanist context." Review of African Political Economy 32 (April 1985): 25-38. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, National liberation movement, Class struggle, Social stratification, Socialist government, Marxism. KEYWORDS: relations of production. 2737 Copans, Jean. "Une Crise conceptuelle opportune." Politique africaine no. 26 (June 1987): 2-14. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Political economy studies, Marxist analysis, Capitalism, Peasant

2746 Daniel, John. ' T h e culture of dependency: Introduction and a select bibliography." In: Political Economy of Africa: Selected Readings, edited by Dennis L. Cohen and John Daniel. London: Longman, 1981.164-170 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS : Bibliography, Political culture, Cultural policy, Dependency theory. 2747 Daninos, Guy. "En récoutant Senghor." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 219/220 (1984): 140-144. ALSO COVERS: Senegal. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Colonialism, Pan Africanism. KEYWORDS: Senghor, Léopold Sédar.

AFR I C A / P o l i tics • 1 7 3 2748 Darbon, Dominique. "L'Evolution constitutionelle." Année africaine (1982): 17-69. other docs. ALSO COVERS: Guinea-Bissau, Equatorial Guinea. SUBJECTS: Constitutional development, Constitutional reform, State power, One-party system, State formation. KEYWORDS: PAIGC. 2749 Davidson, Basil. Modern Africa: A Social and Political History. 2nd ed. London: Longman, 1989. 289 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Political history, Pan Africanism, Independence movement. KEYWORDS: social history; League of Arab States; OAU; OCAM (Organisation Commune Africaine et Mauricienne). Presents national histories of African countries within the framework of an all-African overview of events, trends, movements, ideas, dates, and personalities between 1914 and 1985. 2750 de Benoist, Joesph Roger. "L'Eglise catholique et la question de la construction de l'etat-nation en Afrique noire francophone." Présence africaine 127/128 (1983): 197-214. SUBJECTS: Political instability, Religion, Traditional society, Democracy, Christianity, Nation state. KEYWORDS: Catholic Church; pluralism. 2751 de Braganca, Aquino, and Immanuel Wallerstein. The African LiberationReader.Woi. 1 of2. London: Zed, 1982.202 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, National liberation movement, Political analysis, Political development, Self-determination. KEYWORDS: African nationalism. 2752 Decalo, Samuel. "African studies and military coups in Africa." Journal of Contemporary African Studies 5, no. 1/2 (April/October 1986): 3-25. SUBJECTS: Military intervention, Military government, Coup d'état, Nationalist movement, Corruption, Modernization, Civilian government. Deals with the origin and characteristics of military rule in Africa to determine how the coup phenomenon has been viewed in African studies. Concludes that as long as military rule is concerned, effective, and dedicated—of whatever ideology—the possibility for political stability and socioeconomic advance is strengthened. 2753 Decalo, Samuel. Coups and Army Rule in Africa: Motivations and Constraints. 2nd ed. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1990. 366 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Benin, Congo. SUBJECTS: Military government, Personalized leadership, Coup d'état, Armed forces. KEYWORDS: Amin, Idi; Obote, Milton; Eyadema, Gnassingbé; Kountche, Seyni; Ngouabi, Marien. Addresses military rule in the Congo and Benin, personal dictatorship in Uganda, and military managerialism in Togo and Niger. Eschews a focus on the weakness of African states or the organization of African armies in order to focus on the internal dynamics of military heirarchies and the ambitions of officers. 2754 Decalo, Samuel. "Military rule in Africa: Etiology and morphology." In: Military Power and Politics in Black Africa, edited by Simon Baynham. London: Croom Helm, 1986. 38-66 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Military government, Military intervention, Coup d'etat, Political analysis, Political development. Discusses the conditions that lead to the military seizing power and the structure that power takes once entrenched. Examines the difference between coups in which military officers take control and when the military establishment takes control. 2755 Decalo, Samuel. "Modalities of civil-military stability in Africa." The Journal of Modern African Studies 27, no. 4 (December 1989): 547-578. tables. SUBJECTS: Coup d'etat, Political stability, Military government. KEYWORDS: civil-military relations. Presents a broad comparison of civil-military relations in African countries and an analysis of twelve countries that have not experienced military coups. Maintains that quality of leadership and economic growth are significant but not decisive variables to ensure military

nonintervention. 2756 Decalo, Samuel. Psychoses of Power: African Personal Dictatorships. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1989.222 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Authoritarian government, Political history, Personalized leadership. KEYWORDS: Amin, Idi; Bokassa, Jean Bedel; Macias Nguema, Francisco. Surveys recent social, economic, and political histories of the Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, and Uganda, the specific conditions that facilitated the rise of authoritarian governments, and the characteristics of the leaders concerned. 2757 Decalo, Samuel. "The morphology of radical military rule in Africa." In: Military Marxist Regimes in Africa, edited by John Markakis and Michael Waller. London: Frank Cass, 1986. 122-144 pp. SUBJECTS: Military government, Marxism-Leninism. Discusses the influence of Marxist ideology on the African coups of the late 1970s and early 1980s. Notes the insurmountable obstacles military governments have encountered in trying to implement Marxist policy. Relates the strong civilian discontentment with these Marxist failures. 2758 Decraene, Philippe. Vielle Afrique, jeunes nations: le continent noir au seuil de la troisième décennie des indépendances. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1982. 301 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: State formation, Political development, Economic development, Cultural policy, Social development policy, Pan Africanism, Religion. 2759 Diagne, Pathé. "Du Pouvoir politique à la problématique de l'état." Présence africaine 127/128 (1983): 72-78. SUBJECTS: Traditional authority, Nation-state, Traditional political system, State power, State formation. 2760 Diagne, Pathé. "Le pouvoir en Afrique." In: Le Concept de pouvoir en Afrique, edited by George Hagan. Paris: UNESCO., 1981. 28-55 pp. SUBJECTS: State formation, Power politics, Nation-state, Traditional political system. 2761 Dieng, Amady Aly. Contribution à l'étude des problems philosophiques en Afrique noire. Paris: Nubia, 1983.181 pp. SUBJECTS: Modernization, Marxism-Leninism, Pan Africanism, Traditional society. KEYWORDS: philosophy; Nkrumah, Kwame; Diagne, Pathé. 2762 Dieng, Amady Aly. Le Marxisme et l'Afrique noire: bilan d'un débat sur l'universalité du marxisme. Paris: Nubia, 1985. 146 pp. ALSO COVERS: Guinea-Bissau. SUBJECTS: Marxism, Class struggle, Marxist analysis. KEYWORDS: Hegel, Georg W. F.; Nkrumah, Kwame; Fanon, Franz; Cabrai, Amilcar. 2763 Diop, Dialo. "Réflexions sur la pensée politique de Cheik Anta Diop." Présence africaine no. 149/150(1989): 150-160. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Political theory, Academic research. KEYWORDS: Diop, Cheikh Anta. Examines the political thought of Cheikh Anta Diop. Looks at the methodology and spirit that emerge from Diop's scientific work and his principal political theses. 2764 Djaziri, Moncef. "Dissonance et spécificité politique: â propos de quelques chefs d'état africains (Hypothèse pour une étude comparative)." Genève Afrique/Geneva Africa 25, no. 2 (1987): 155-160. SUBJECTS: Leadership analysis, Colonialism, Political development. KEYWORDS: Qaddafi, Muammar. Examines the role that African leaders have played in the political development of the continent. Describes the different ways political leaders have reacted to the legacy of colonialism. 2765 Duignan, Peter. "Introduction." In: Politics and Government in

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African States 1980-1985, edited by Peter Duignan and Robert H. Jackson. London: Croom Helm, 1986. 1-29 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Political independence, Political analysis, Economic development, Decolonization, Colonialism. Discusses the situation in Africa in 1985 as compared to the 1960s when Africa began to achieve independence. Examines the macro issues such as economic growth, political freedom and stability. 2766 Duignan, Peter, and Robert H. Jackson, eds. Politics and Government in African States 1960-1985. London: Croom Helm, 1986. 442 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Decolonization, Political development, Political analysis, Traditional authority, State government, Political independence, Public administration. Examines the history of postcolonial African politics by analyzing government structures before and after independence. Discusses the economics of the continent as they impact the political arena. 2767 Dumas, Marie-Lucy. "Rapports de force en Afrique subsaharienne." L'Afrique et I'Asie modernes no. 167 (Winter 19901991): 52-66. maps. SUBJECTS: Military intervention, Nationalism, Political stability, Political change. Examines recent potential and movements for political change in Africa from the end of the Cold War and the failure of ThirdWorldism. Analyses the re-emergence of nationalisms, the disengagement of the superpowers, Arab-Islamic pressures, and the appearance of four zones of political struggle in Africa. 2768 Dunn, John. "Politics of representation and good government in post-colonial Africa." In: Political Domination in Africa: Reflections on the Limits of Power, edited by Patrick Chabal. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1986. 158-174 pp. SUBJECTS: Public sector, Political participation, Economic policy. Discusses the political character of African states with specific reference to causal as well as political appraisal perspectives. Also looks at representation, economic policy, and political accountability. 2769 Ejiofor, Lambert U. Africa in World Politics: The Growth of African Presence in the United Nations (1945-1970): A Political-Historical Survey. Onitsha, Nigeria: Africana Educational Publishers, 1981. 154 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Political history, Political participation, Diplomatic relations. KEYWORDS: UN; OAU. 2770 Ekong, Ekong E. "Issues in the analysis of African traditional political institutions." In: African Traditional Political Thought and Institutions, edited by John A. A. Ayoade and Adigun A. B. Agbaje. Lagos, Nigeria: Centre for Black and African Arts and Civilization, 1989.129-140 pp. SUBJECTS: Ideologies, Modernization, Traditional authority, Political history. Considers African traditional conceptions of social power; the locus, process, and instruments of political power; and the status of the masses in traditional political structures. Concludes that traditional political institutions are not conducive to the building of a multi-ethnic and heterogenous modern state. 2771 El-Ayouty, Yassin, and I. William Zartman, eds. The OAU after Twenty Years. New York: Praeger, 1984. 406 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Decolonization, Political analysis, International relations, Conflict resolution, Pan Africanism, Human rights, Economic cooperation. KEYWORDS: OAU; Lagos Plan of Action 1980; UNOAU relations; SADR (Saharan Arab Democratic Republic); African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 1983. 2772 Elaigwu, J. I. "Military intervention in politics: An African perspective." Geneve Afrique/Geneva Africa 19, no. 1 (1981): 17-38. tables. SUBJECTS: Civilian government, Military government, Coup d'etat, Political integration, State formation. 2773 Elaigwu, J. Isawa, and Victor A. Olorunsola. "Federalism and

politics of compromise." In: State Versus Ethnic Claims: African Policy Dilemmas, edited by Donald Rothchild and Victor A. Olorunsola. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1983. 281-303 pp. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Political analysis, Federal government, Local government, Ethnicity, Ethnic conflict, Federalism. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Constitution 1979; federal-state relations. 2774 Ergas, Zaki. "Diarchy as transition to democracy and development in Africa: How relevant the Turkish experience ?'' African Studies Association Papers 29, no. 32 (October/November 1986): 1-25. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Ghana. SUBJECTS: Military government, Democracy, Economic development, Political development, Civilian government, Political stability. KEYWORDS: diarchy; PNDC (Provisional National Defence Council); civil-military relations. Asks whether a civilian-military government can aid a country in moving toward democracy. States that the military can play a constructive role in displacing a corrupt regime and creating a stable order so that a civilian government can be formed, as in Turkey. 2775 Ergas, Zaki. "In search of development in Africa." In: The African State in Transition, edited by Zaki Ergas. London: Macmillan, 1987. 295-329 pp. SUBJECTS: Development policy, Foreign aid, Corruption, Military government. Summarizes issues discussed in The African State in Transition. These issues include military government, development policy, state power, foreign influence, and governmental corruption. 2776 Ergas, Zaki. "Reflections on African development." Journal of Contemporary African Studies 5, no. 1/2 (April/October 1986): 27-39. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa, Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Foreign aid, Corruption, Entrepreneurship, Import substitution, Informal sector, State intervention. KEYWORDS: IMF; EEC; USAID; Japan-Africa relations. States that the African economic crisis has more internal causes than external causes. Such internal causes are excessive state control of the economy, pervasive corruption, exploitation of the peasantry, and political instability. Recommends eliminating patrimonialism while encouraging rural entrepreneurship. 2777 Ergas, Zaki, ed. The African State in Transition. London: Macmillan, 1987. 340 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Political analysis, Nation-state, State power, Political change, Class analysis. Discusses the political ideology of modern African states. Examines the influence of class struggle, socialist thought, and capitalism on the development of these ideologies. 2778 Esedebe, P. Olisanwuche. Pan-Africanism: The Idea and the Movement, 1776-1963. Washington, DC: Howard University Press, 1982. 271 pp. biblio, other docs. SUBJECTS: Pan Africanism, Political power, Regional cooperation. KEYWORDS: OAU. 2779 Esterhuysen, Pieter. "Africa's political power monopolies." Africa Insight 17, no. 1 (1987): 6-27. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Presidential government, Personalized leadership, Authoritarian government, Political instability, Political repression, One-party system, Nation building. Examines the range of current African governments, concluding that most Africans live under repressive systems and have less freedom than they enjoyed before independence. 2780 Fatton, Robert, Jr., "Liberal democracy in Africa." Political Science Quarterly 105, no. 3 (Fall 1990): 455-473. SUBJECTS: Democracy, Hegemony, Colonialism, Personalized leadership, Class analysis, Political participation, Nation-state. KEYWORDS: bonapartism. Provides an overview of the development of the postcolonial African nation-state. Maintains that governments have become personalized because there is no class powerful enough to challenge them.

AFR I C A / P o l i tics • 1 7 5 States that liberal democratic governments are unlikely to be established in Africa in the near future. 2781 Feller, Bernard. Les Etats d'Afrique noire de l'indépendance à 1980: essai de typologie. Bern, Switzerland: Peter Lang, 1987. 311 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Nation building, State power, Ethnie politics, Class struggle, Political parties, Regional cooperation, Bibliography. Responds to the practical preoccupation of understanding the true nature of the countries that emerged from colonialism and decolonialization in Africa. Presents brief country résumés, comparisons, and in-depth bibliographic analyses of African development since independence. 2782 Fofanah, Alusine A. "Human rights: Are human rights complementary or contradictory to development in Africa?" African Studies Association Papers 29, no. 33 (October/November 1986): 1-22. biblio. SUBJECTS: Ruling class, State power, Civil rights, Human rights, Colonialism, Underdevelopment, Authoritarian government. KEYWORDS: African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 1983. Assumes a relationship between a country ' s state of development and human rights. Maintains that countries which trample human rights also have a less-equitable distribution of goods, which impedes development. Argues that people should not be sacrificed to development but are inescapably linked to it. 2783 Ford, Michael, and Frank Holmquist. "Crisis and state reform." In: Coping with Africa's Food Crisis, edited by Naomi Chazan and Timothy M. Shaw. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1988.213-238 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic crisis, International economic relations, State politics, Food scarcity, Political reform. KEYWORDS: statesociety relations. Analyzes the food crisis in comparative terms using the arguments of preceding chapters. Addresses the major trends in statesociety relations. Ends with a critical assessment of policy reform proposals. 2784 Forje, John W. "The pornography of poverty and the urgent need for an alternative internal development strategy (IDS) in Africa." Journal of Eastern African Research and Development 19 (1989): 146-162. tables. SUBJECTS: Poverty, Political instability, Social stratification, Authoritarian government, Development theory. KEYWORDS: internal development strategy; urban bias. Analyzes the problems that have hindered the development process in Africa; in particular, authoritarian regimes, inefficient bureaucracies, and restricted mass political participation. Maintains that an internal development strategy must be adopted at all levels of government to attack the resulting poverty. 2785 Forrest, Joshua B. "Quest for state 'hardness' in Africa." Comparative Politics 20, no. 4 (July 1988): 423-442. SUBJECTS: Government analysis, Political ideology, Nation-state, State formation. KEYWORDS: soft state. Outlines the conditions of a "hard" state: structural autonomy, independence from social forces, successful extraction of resources, and ideological legitimacy. Argues that African states remain "soft" due to a lingering dependence on social forces, lack of control over political structures, and the failure to capture peasant systems of production.

Seminar Held in Zaria, Nigeria, edited by Akin Fadahunsi, Moses Awogbade, and Are Kolawole. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University, 1985. 97-104 pp. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Marxist analysis, Class struggle, Indigenization, Political conflict. 2788 Gankovsky, V. E. "Cooperation with countries of the world socialist community." Africa in Soviet Studies (1982): 193-204. SUBJECTS: Socialist government, International economic relations, Colonialism, Capitalism, Division of labor. KEYWORDS: New International Economic Order. 2789 Geschiere, Peter. "Le Politique en Afrique: le haut, le bas et le vertige."Politiqueafricaineno. 39 (September 1990): 155-160. SUBJECTS: Political analysis, Social stratification, Democratization, Foreign aid. Questions the current state of the academic "high" and "low" debates. Claims this theory of separation has been weakened by tendencies to democratize in African countries and asks if new perspectives will be needed to study African politics in the 1990s. 2790 Ghartey, J. B. Crisis Accountability and Development in the Third World: The Case of Africa. Aldershot, UK: Avebury, 1987.180 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Basic needs, Government analysis, Political instability, Development policy, Education system. KEYWORDS: OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development); IMF. Determines why and how inadequate accountability has managed to be sustained and outlines the measures needed to reform accountability for self-sufficiency and sustained development. Discusses the role of education in accountability and the role of accountability in taxation and development finance. 2791 Ghartey, James B. Consolidating Accountability for Development in Africa. Boston, Massachusetts: African Studies Center, Boston University, 1986. 15 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Government analysis, Corruption, Political stability, National development, Foreign aid. Maintains that Africa's recent history has been scarred by political violence and economic crisis because of inadequate accountability, which has led to inappropriate policies, abuse of power, corruption, oppression, and inefficiency. Claims that this lack has undermined cohesive forces for development. 2792 Glickman, Harvey. "Frontiers of liberal and non-liberal democracy in Tropical Africa." Journal of Asian and African Studies 23, no. 3/4 (July/October 1988): 234-254. ALSO COVERS: Zambia, Ghana. SUBJECTS: Constitution, Political theory, Democracy, Modernization theory, Legal system, Personalized leadership, Populism. KEYWORDS: pluralism. States that the inability of African states to direct their economies, the rise of class-based pluralism, and the use of legal infrastructures to insure participation may lead to greater democratization in Africa. Concludes that tension and cooperation exist between the government and the courts.

2786 Gailey, Harry A. Africa: A Troubled Continent [A Problems Approach]. Malabar, Florida: Robert E. Krieger, 1983.149 pp. biblio, maps. SUBJECTS: Industrial development, Pan Africanism, Environmental analysis, Agricultural production, Political stability, Population growth.

2793 Glickman, Harvey. "Present and future of the African state in an age of adversity." In: The Crisis and Challenge ofAfrican Development, edited by Harvey Glickman. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood, 1988. 24-43 pp. SUBJECTS: Government analysis, Economic crisis, State politics, Sociological analysis, Development planning, Models. KEYWORDS: soft state. Surveys the analytical models used to explain economic and political decline. Suggests the need to pay more attention to institutional weaknesses rather than policy.

2787 Gana, Aaron T. "Politics and the development process: A radical perspective." In: Issues on Development: Proceedings of a

2794 Glickman, Harvey. "Reconstituting political ideology in Africa." African Studies Association Papers 29, no. 38 (Oc-

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tober/November 1986): 1-23. ALSOCOVERS: Nigeria, Ghana. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Political development, Economic development, Self-help, Democracy, One-party system, Military government. KEYWORDS: patrimonial system; Harambee ideology, Kenya; pluralism. Addresses the need for African countries to develop democracy and thus balances of power within government and between the public and private sectors. States that Africa's leading thinkers must wrestle with political ideologies that acknowledge these realities before democracy can develop in Africa. 2795 Glickman, Harvey. "Reflections on state-centrism as ideology in Africa." In: The African State in Transition, edited by Zaki Ergas. London: Macmillan, 1987. 25-43 pp. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Capitalism, Communism. Discusses the concept of state-centrism and the related issue of legitimate authority in government. Uses governments from throughout Africa to demonstrate state ideology in practice. 2796 Glickman, Harvey, ed. The Crisis and Challenge of African Development. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood, 1988. 257 pp. biblio, tables. S U B J E C T S : E c o n o m i c policy, Colonialism, Capitalism, Rural development, Agricultural development, Women and development, Corruption. Consists of an inquiry into three areas: Africa's development record, the present consensus on reform, and the institutions available for enhancing development in Africa. 2797 Golansky, M. M. "Prospects for socio-economic development of African capitalist-oriented countries." Africa in Soviet Studies (1984): 152-169. tables. SUBJECTS: Socialism, Capitalism, International economic system, Labor force. 2798 Goldsworthy, David. "Armies and politics in civilian regimes." In: Military Power and Politics in Black Africa, edited by Simon Baynham. London: Croom Helm, 1986. 97-128 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Civilian government, Armed forces, State politics, Personalized leadership, Coup d'état. KEYWORDS: civil-military relations; Hodder-Williams, Richard. Discusses military coup attempts, civilian control of the military, and the system of personal rule. Addresses why coups occur under some civilian government and not others, despite similar conditions. 2799 Goldsworthy, David. "Ethnicity and leadership in Africa: The 'Untypical' case of Tom Mboya." The Journal of Modern African Studies 20, no. 1 (March 1982): 107-126. SUBJECTS: Government analysis, Ethnicity, Leadership analysis. KEYWORDS: Mboya, Tom. 2800 Goma, Pierre-Marie. "Animisme culturel et Marxisme en Afrique." Le Mois en Afrique : études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 235/236 (1985): 100-112. SUBJECTS: Marxism-Leninism, Religion, Political integration. KEYWORDS: cultural animism. 2801 Gonidec, P. F. L'Etat africain: évolution, fédéralisme, centralisation et décentralisation. 2nd ed. Paris: R. Pichon and R. Durand-Auzias, 1985. 362 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Mali, Central African Republic. SUBJECTS: Political development, Historical analysis, Federalism, Decentralization, Centralized authority. 2802 Gonidec, P. F. "La Conception de la démocratie dans les états à orientation socialiste." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 243/244 (1986): 34-45. ALSO COVERS: Benin, Mozambique. SUBJECTS: Democracy, Socialism, Power politics, Revolutionary movement. KEYWORDS: TANU. Argues that democratization and socialism provide a solution to the development of Third World nations. Examines how democratic

socialism would function in the African context and explores the concept of power in popular regimes. Examines the structures of power in socialist countries. 2803 Gonidec, P. F. "Les Conceptions de la démocratie dans les états du tiers monde." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 40, no. 1/2 (January/June 1986): 1-15. ALSO COVERS: Libya. SUBJECTS: Democracy, Authoritarian government, Bourgeoisie, Government analysis. Suggests that a large number of Third World nations have been fascinated and influenced by foreign models of government including that of liberal, bourgeois democracy. Asserts that democratic movements in the Third World need to reject these models and construct their own forms of democratic government. 2804 Gonidec, Pierre François. African Politics. The Hague, Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff, 1981. 367 pp. SUBJECTS: Nationalism, Policy analysis, Democracy, Pan Africanism, International relations, Labor union, Traditional political system. 2805 Gonidec, Pierre-François. "Réflexion sur l'état et le droit en Afrique." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique 94, no. 783 (January/April 1984): 16-40. SUBJECTS: Government analysis, Judicial system, Traditional society, Legal development, State formation. 2806 Gordenker, Leon. "The UN and political cooperation in Africa." In: African Regional Organizations, edited by Domenico Mazzeo. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1984. 13-26 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Political participation, Regionalism, Political alliance. KEYWORDS: UN; OAU; ECA. 2807 Goudou, Thomas Koavi. L'Etat, la politique et le droit parlementaire en Afrique. Paris: Berger-Levrault, 1987. 589 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Congo, Côte d'Ivoire. SUBJECTS: Constitutional law, Parliamentary government, State power, Political system, Electoral process, Political parties. KEYWORDS: Mobutu Sese Seko; PDI (Parti Démocratique Ivoirienne); RDPC (Rassemblement Démocratique du Peuple Congolais). Analyzes state government, policy, and parliamentary law in Africa. Looks at parliamentary statutes as they are presented and as they are applied in francophone African states. Claims that assembly powers have been reduced and that they often emanate from a single party directed by the president. Looks at the African interpretation of democracy according to states which also follow the liberal line. 2808 Goulbourne, Harry. "The state, development and the need for participatory democracy in Africa." In: Popular Struggles for Democracy in Africa, edited by Peter Anyang Nyong'o. Tokyo, Japan: Zed, 1987.26-47 pp. SUBJECTS: Democracy, National development, Underdevelopment, State power. Addresses questions of democratic institutions and citizen participation, linking them with the question of development. 2809 Goulbourne, Harry. "The state, development and the need for participatory democracy in Africa." Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review 2, no. 1 (January 1986): 1-25. SUBJECTS: Democracy, Underdevelopment, Political participation. Claims that democratic participation must be at the center of any discussion of Africa's future as participation is inextricably linked to development. 2810 Green, Reginald Herbold. "Agricultural crises in sub-Saharan Africa: Capitalism and transitions to socialism." Institute of Development Studies Bulletin 13, no. 4 (1982): 73-80. biblio. SUBJECTS: Capitalism, Socialism, Agricultural development, Bourgeoisie. 2811 Gromyko, An. A. "Global problems of today and Africa: Introduction." Africa in Soviet Studies (1984): 39-45. SUBJECTS:

AFR I C A / P o l i tic s • 1 7 7 Population policy, International economic system, Environmental analysis, Marxism, Capitalism. 2812 Gromyko, An. A. 'The Great October Socialist Revolution and the developing nations." Africa in Soviet Studies (1989): 5-31. SUBJECTS: Socialist government, Revolutionary movement, Political independence, Socialist revolution. KEYWORDS: USSR October Socialist Revolution 1917; Lenin, Vladimir Il'ich. Offers lessons from the USSR's experience in emancipation. Examines the world's revolutionary process, Africa's liberation efforts, the existence of a Fourth World, and the global inequalities that have led to Africa's economic crisis. Addresses the USSR's foreign policy. 2813 Gromyko, An. A., ed. The October Revolution and Africa. Moscow, USSR: Progress, 1983.279 pp. SUBJECTS: National liberation movement, Colonialism, Socialism, Economic development, Ethnicity, Marxism-Leninism. KEYWORDS: USSR-Africa relations; USSR October Socialist Revolution 1917. 2814 Gromyko, An. A. "The Soviet experience of solving the nationalities question and the Afro-Asian world." Africa in Soviet Studies (1984): 6-17. SUBJECTS: Ethnicity, National liberation movement, Capitalism, Socialism. 2815 Gupta, Anirudha. Politics in Africa: Personalities, Issues, and Ideologies. New Delhi, India: Vikas, 1988. 160 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa, Angola. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Neocolonialism, Pan Africanism, Nonaligned nation, Intervention policy, Revolutionary movement, Human rights. KEYWORDS: UN; India-Africa relations. Seeks to uncover Africa's political relations with the world community. Demonstrates that the Marxist approach has done more than any other to show the relative importance of Africa's political economy in comparison to its politics. Discusses particular African countries and their political complexities. 2816 Harbeson, John W. "Military Rulers in African Politics." In: The Military in African Politics, edited by John W. Harbeson. New York: Praeger, 1987. 1-20 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Power politics, Military government, Coup d'etat. Focuses on how the military in contemporary Africa governs while they hold political power. Suggests that the central purpose of military governance is the renewal of national power. 2817 Haynes, Jeffrey. "Kwame Nkrumah and African liberation." Third World Quarterly 10, no. 1 (January 1988): 351-358. ALSO COVERS: Ghana. SUBJECTS: Leadership analysis, Political ideology, Liberation movement, Literature review, Economic theory. KEYWORDS: CPP (Convention People's Party); Jones, Trevor; Bretton, Henry; Nkrumah, Kwame; Davidson, Basil. Examines the works of Henry Bretton, Basil Davidson, and Trevor Jones to assess the political career of Ghana's first president, Kwame Nkrumah. Suggests that a sharp divide exists between those who want to discredit him and his ideals and those who see him as a visionary who was successful in arousing pride in Africa. 2818 Hayward, Fred M., ed. Elections in Independent Africa. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1987. 335 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Elections, Political violence, Electoral process, Public policy, Democracy, Political parties. KEYWORDS: peasant-state relations. Discusses the function and meaning of elections in African states, and what they suggest about the political process. Raises implications of elections for opposition. Examines elections in eight African states: Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, and Zaire. 2819 Hazoume, Edgard G., and Alain T. Hazoume. "Afrique noire:

les successions manquées?" Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 241/242 (1986): 143-150. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania, Côte d'Ivoire. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Political succession, Political culture, Economic system. KEYWORDS: Nyerere, Julius K. ; Houphouet-Boigny, Felix; Mobutu Sese Seko. Compares the economic and political systems in Tanzania and the Côte d'Ivoire. Explains why Nyerere decided to step down while Houphouet-Boigny decided not to. 2820 Henriksen, Thomas H. "Communism, communist states, and Africa: Opportunities and challenges." In: Communist Powers and Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Thomas H. Henriksen. Stanford, California: Hoover Institution Press, 1981. 110-130 pp. SUBJECTS: Communism, Political development. KEYWORDS: China-Africa relations; USSR-Africa relations; Cuba-Africa relations; African communism. 2821 Herbst, Jeffrey. "Societal demands and government choices: Agricultural producer price policy in Zimbabwe." Comparative Politics 20, no. 3 (April 1988): 265-288. tables. ALSO COVERS: Zimbabwe. SUBJECTS: Government regulation, Agricultural production, Agricultural policy, Government regulation, Price policy. KEYWORDS: food security; agricultural subsidy; maize; cotton; wheat. Examines Zimbabwe's agricultural pricing policies. Looks at particular government institutions and the most important price-setting decisions for maize, cotton, wheat, mhunga, rapoko, and groundnuts over the six years following independence. 2822 Herbst, Jeffrey. "The structural adjustment of politics in Africa." World Development 18, no. 7 (July 1990): 949-958. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Political stability, Political system. Examines how structural adjustment might affect politics in Africa. Claims that structural adjustment weakens a central government, thereby creating a much riskier political climate for current leaders. Also mentions the repercussions of such changes as experienced by donor organizations and countries. 2823 Higgott, Richard A. "State in Africa: Some thoughts on the future drawn from the past." In: Africa Projected: From Recession to Renaissance by the Year 2000?, edited by Timothy M. Shaw and Olajide Aluko. London: Macmillan, 1985. 14-39 pp. SUBJECTS: Dependency theory, State politics, Modernization theory, Imperialism, Marxist analysis, Class analysis. KEYWORDS: corporatism; Leys, Colin. 2824 Horowitz, Irving Louis. "Military origins of Third World dictatorship and democracy." Third World Quarterly 3, no. 1 (January 1981): 37-47. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Modernization, Authoritarian government, Democratization. KEYWORDS: militarization; fascism. 2825 Houbert, Jean. "Seaways and settlers in a decolonized Africa." In: Africa and the Sea: Proceedings of a Colloquium at the University of Aberdeen, March 1984, edited by Jeffrey C. Stone. Aberdeen, UK: African Studies Group, Aberdeen University, 1985. 320-354 pp. SUBJECTS: Decolonization, Political development, Political history, Political conflict, Oil industry. KEYWORDS: maritime policy. 2826 Hughes, Arnold, and Roy May. 'The politics of succession in Black Africa." Third World Quarterly 10, no. 1 (January 1988): 1-22. tables. SUBJECTS: Military government, Political succession, Political crisis, Constitutional development, One-party system. States that Africa has had a number of legitimate and peaceful changes in leadership. Examines the nature of these legal transfers of power and suggests that they have been successful and without incident. Suggests that a number of African nations are moving toward

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institutionalizing their political systems. 2827 Hyden, Goran. "Discovering the resource potential of the ecology of public management." In: The Ecology of Public Administration and Management in Africa, edited by the African Association for Public Administration and Management. New Delhi, India: Vikas, 1986.122-141 pp. SUBJECTS: State intervention, Public administration, Decolonization, Civil service, Nation building. KEYWORDS: public services. Discusses the role that public planning and administration has played in the years since independence in Africa, stating that the expansion in scope, power, and influence of the state in Africa has been a major factor in causing the crisis of the state in Africa. Examines problems caused by government intervention. 2828 Hyden, Goran. No Shortcuts to Progress: African Development Management in Perspective. London: Heinemann, 1983. 237 pp. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Development theory, Capitalism, Economic development policy, Government analysis, Decentralization, Nongovernmental organization, Peasant economy. KEYWORDS: modes of production; economy of affection; soft state. 2829 Iborobere, Julius, and Kola Olufenci. "Towards a radical study of foreign policies of peripheral societies." In: Issues in the Administration of Nigeria's Public Sector, edited by A. O. Sanda and Olusola Ojo. Ile-Ife, Nigeria: University of Ife Press, 1986. 124-140 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic dependency, Marxist analysis, Dependency theory. KEYWORDS: core-periphery relations. Analyzes Third World foreign policy from a Marxist perspective. Asserts that a dynamic conception of forces—new centers of conflict, semi-industrializing economies, different imperial powers, and changing imputs into the world economy are all changing the configuration of the world system. 2830 Ikelegbe, A. O. "Checks on the abuse of political power." In: African Traditional Political Thought and Institutions, edited by John A. A. Ayoade and Adigun A. B. Agbaje. Lagos, Nigeria: Centre for Black and African Arts and Civilization, 1989. 141-151 pp. SUBJECTS: Traditional authority, Centralized authority. Examines the governments and politics of African traditional political systems to identify their structures, and the nature of institutional limitations on the exercise of political power. Discusses checks and balances in traditional political systems and their implications for contemporary African politics. 2831 Iliffe, John. The Emergence of African Capitalism. Minneapolis, Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press, 1983. 113 pp. SUBJECTS: Capitalism, Capitalist class, Capitalist development, Peasant class, Religion, Leadership analysis. KEYWORDS: African capitalism. 2832 Ingham, Kenneth. Politics in Modern Africa: The Uneven Tribal Dimension. London: Routledge, 1990. 248 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Ethnicity, Political analysis, Independence movement, Traditional authority. KEYWORDS: Buganda, Uganda; Katanga; UK-Africa relations. Examines the influence of tribalism on political development in nine African countries. Concludes that ethnic loyalties cannot provide a united opposition to government injustice and authoritarianism. 2833 Isinkaiye, Olushola. "African presidential sytems." In: African Traditional Political Thought and Institutions, edited by John A. A. Ayoade and Adigun A. B. Agbaje. Lagos, Nigeria: Centre for Black and African Arts and Civilization, 1989. 293-315 pp. SUBJECTS: Presidential government, Nation state, Traditional authority. Proposes an analysis of the African presidential system as an instrument in the task of state creation and nation building in Africa.

Attempts to determine to what extent traditional and monarchical power have been abused in the presidential system and identify functional elements that can be adopted to enhance development. 2834 Ivanov, A. A., and N. D. Kosukhin. "Revolutionary democracy in Africa and bourgeois politology." Africa in Soviet Studies (1985): 30-43. ALSO COVERS: West Africa. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Neocolonialism, Socialism, Marxist analysis, Modernization theory, Bourgeoisie. KEYWORDS: political research. 2835 Jackson, Robert, and Carl Rosberg. "Why Africa's weak states persist: The empirical and the juridicial in statehood." World Politics 35, no. 1 (October 1982): 1-24. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria, Kenya. SUBJECTS: Political analysis. Argues that state jurisdictions in sub-Saharan Africa have been maintained primarily by the international society of states. Concludes that whereas state jurisdictions and international society once were consequences of the success and survival of states in sub-Saharan Africa, today they are more likely to be conditions. 2836 Jackson, Robert H., and Carl G. Rosberg. Personal Black Africa: Prince, Autocrat, Prophet, Tyrant. Berkeley Angeles, California: University of California Press, 1982. maps. SUBJECTS: Personalized leadership, Corruption, power.

Rule in and Los 316 pp. Political

2837 Jackson, Robert H., and Carl G. Rosberg. "Personal rule: Theory and practice in Africa." Comparative Politics 16, no. 4 (July 1984): 421-442. SUBJECTS: Elite analysis, Corruption, Marxist analysis. KEYWORDS: legitimacy theory. 2838 Jackson, Robert H., and Carl G. Rosberg. "Political legitimacy in African multi-ethnic states." The Journal of Modern African Studies 22, no. 2 (June 1984): 177-198. SUBJECTS: One-party system, Colonialism, Consociational democracy, Ethnicity, Personalized leadership. KEYWORDS: OAU. 2839 Jackson, Robert H., and Carl G. Rosberg. "Sovereignty and underdevelopment: Juridical statehood in the African crisis." The Journal of Modern African Studies 24, no. 1 (March 1986): 1-32. SUBJECTS: Government analysis, Underdevelopment, State formation, Warfare, Territorial sovereignty. Goes beyond the common observation that state weakness is the basis of African underdevelopment. Compares African state formation to the historical pattern in Europe. Attributes this weakness to the lack of external pressure, particularly warfare, which forced European states to develop strong institutions. 2840 Jackson, Robert H., and Carl G. Rosberg. "The marginality of African states." In: African Independence: The First Twenty-Five Years, edited by Gwendolen M. Carter and Patrick O'Meara. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1985. 45-70 pp. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Economic dependency, State formation, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: legitimacy theory. 2841 Jewsiewicki, Bogumil, and Henri Moniot, eds. Dialoguer avec le leopard? Paris: L'Harmattan, 1988. 439 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Political power, Political participation, Arts, Ethnic politics, Literature review. Provides case studies to incite francophone researchers to discover and analyze the environment surrounding them. Offers no collective theory, but looks at popular artistic representations of politics and life in the forms of music and literature. 2842 Jewsiewicki, Bogumil. Marx, Afrique et Occident: les pratiques africanistes de I'histoire marxiste. Montreal, Quebec, Canada: Centre for Developing-Area Studies, McGill University, 1985. 179 pp. SUBJECTS: Communism, Marxism, Class struggle.

AFRICA/Politics • 179 KEYWORDS: modes of production. 2843 Jewsiewicki, Bogumil. "Un Débat, un paradigme, une épistème." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 19, no. 1 (1985): 2-8. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Political theory. 2844 Jinadu, L. Adele, and Ibbo Mandaza, eds. African Perspectives on the Non-Aligned Movement. Harare, Zimbabwe: African Association of Political Science, 1986.74 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Nonaligned nation, Political alliance, Political economy studies, Regional security, Political analysis. Discusses the nonaligned movement from various regional perspectives within Africa. Examines the theory and practice of nonalignment and national security issues. 2845 Johnson, Omotunde. "Political leadership and the economic development process." The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies28, no. 2(July 1986): 213-228. SUBJECTS: Entrepreneurship, Leadership analysis, Economic development, Human resources development, Political analysis. Argues that political leadership is as much a factor in the economic development of states as enterpreneurship. Maintains that political leaders must have certain qualities that enable them to contribute positively and significantly to the economic development of nation-states. 2846 Jones, David B. "State Structures in new nations: The case of primary agricultural marketing in Africa." The Journal of Modern African Studies 20, no. 4 (December 1982): 553-569. SUBJECTS: Agricultural marketing, Administration, Centralized authority, Corruption. 2847 Kabaya Katambwa, Jean-Jacques. "La Conception du pouvoir et de la démocratie en Afrique Noire après les indépendances." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 245/246 (1986): 23-38. ALSO COVERS: Zaire. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Decolonization, Political system. KEYWORDS: Mobutu Sese Seko. Shows how in Zaire the model of democratic rule has taken place without actual democratic government. 2848 Kabongo, Ilunga. "Democracy in Africa: Hopes and prospects." In: Democracy and Pluralism in Africa, edited by Dov Ronen. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1986. 35-39 pp. SUBJECTS: Political power, Democracy, Colonialism. Discusses the difficulties of implementing democracy in Africa and argues that colonialism suppressed democratic systems inherent in traditional African societies. 2849 Kalambay, E. "Le Marxisme devant les sociétés africaines contemporaines." Peuples noirs; peuples africains 7, no. 39 (May/June 1984): 140-148. SUBJECTS: Marxism-Leninism, Political ideology, Pan Africanism. KEYWORDS: Nkrumah, Kwame. 2850 Kamto, Maurice. Pouvoir et droit en Afrique noire: essai sur les fondements du constitutionnalisme dans les états d'Afrique noire francophone. Paris: Librarie Générale de Droit et de Jurisprudence, 1987.545 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Constitutional law, Political parties, Political power, Marxism-Leninism, Law. KEYWORDS: Mobutu Sese Seko; MRS (Mouvement Républicain Sénégalais); ANP (Assemblée Nationale Populaire), Benin. Analyzes various systems of constitutional law and governmnet in Africa. Looks at political evolution, manifestations of political power, the institution of the presidency, and numerous examples of disregard for constitutional authority in several countries. Presents struggles of political parties trying to ascend within constitutional power structures.

2851 Kanza, Thomas Nsenga. "Africa must change." In: Organization of African Unity: 25 Years On: Essays in Honour of Kwame Nkrumah, edited by Kwesi Krafona. London: Afroworld, 1988. 146175 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Political independence, Political reform, Leadership analysis, Democracy, Coup d'état, Arms industry. KEYWORDS: OAU; West Germany-Africa relations; USSR-Africa relations; China-Africa relations. General commentary on how Africa must change in order to be independent. Lists, by country, all the African leaders who have been deposed since independence. Includes tables on debt, lending, and arms transfers. 2852 Kasfir, Nelson. "Designs and dilemmas: An overview." In: Local Government in the Third World: The Experience of Tropical Africa, edited by Philip Mawhood. New York: Wiley, 1983.25-48 pp. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania, Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Local government, Decentralization, Public administration. 2853 Kasfir, Nelson. "Relating class to state in Africa." The Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics 21, no. 3 (November 1983): 1-20. SUBJECTS: Class formation, Political theory, Marxist analysis, Centralized authority, Dependency theory. KEYWORDS: Weber, Max. 2854 Keita, Lansana. "Contemporary African philosophy: The search for a method." In: Sage Philosophy: Indigenous Thinkers and Modern Debate on African Philosophy, edited by H. Odera Oruka. Leiden, Netherlands: E. J. Brill, 1990. 205-222 pp. SUBJECTS: Ideologies. KEYWORDS: Oruka, H. Odera; African philosophy. Presents a commentary on the current state of contemporary African philosophy and offers criticisms and recommendations. Addresses points made by Oruka. 2855 Kennedy, Paul. African Capitalism: The Struggle for Ascendency. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1988. 233 pp. SUBJECTS: Capitalism, Economic development, Entrepreneurship, Foreign investment, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: CPP (Convention People's Party); ICDC (Industrial and Commercial Development Corporation). Discusses the role of capitalism in the development of Black sub-Saharan Africa until the present time. Asks what the main constraints have been that hold back the full emergence of African capitalists. Argues that the prospects for African development in general rest more on the exercise of political will than on any other single factor. 2856 Khapoya, Vincent B. "Politics and the political economy of the OAU summitry." African Studies Association Papers 25, no. 50 (November 1982): 1-12. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Political power, Political repression, Poverty, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: OAU. 2857 Kirchherr, Eugene C. Place Names of Africa, 1935-1986: A Political Gazetteer. Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow, 1987.136 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Geographical analysis, Political history, Colonialism, Political independence. Describes through maps and short narratives the transformation of African colonies and nations in the twentieth century. Covers the colonial and independence eras. 2858 Kirko, V. M„ and L. D. Yablochkov. "The sociology of development of Africa." Africa in Soviet Studies (1985): 133-156. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Capitalism, Socialism, Marxist a n a l y s i s , R e s e a r c h m e t h o d o l o g y , S o c i o l o g i c a l analysis. KEYWORDS: sociology discipline; Westernization; pluralism. 2859 Kitching, Gavin. "Suggestions for a fresh start on an exhausted debate." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des

180 • AF RI C A/Politics études africaines 19, no. 1 (1985): 116-126. biblio. SUBJECTS: Underdevelopment, Political ideology, Marxism. KEYWORDS: Althusser, Louis; modes of production. 2860 Kjellstrom, Sven B. "Réform institutionelle et assistance technique en Afrique au sud du Sahara." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines no. 253/254 (February/March 1987): 42-58. SUBJECTS: Economic reform, Civil service, G o v e r n m e n t b u r e a u c r a c y , Technical assistance. KEYWORDS: institutional development. Claims that economic crises in Africa have led many African countries to consider economic reform and restructuring plans. States that these comprehensive reforms must be accompanied by major institutional reforms which may strike at the heart of government administration. Asserts that a more effective national bureaucracy would permit a more efficient use of costly technical assistance. 2861 Klein, Martin. 'The use of mode of production in historical analysis." In: Mode of Production: The Challenge of Africa, edited by B. Jewsiewicki and J. Letourneau. Ste-Foy, Quebec, Canada: Safi, 1985. 9-12 pp. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Political analysis, Development theory, Marxist analysis, Economic development. KEYWORDS: modes of production. 2862 Kobo, Pierre-Claver. "Spécificités des régimes fonciers africains." Penant: revue de droit des pays d'Afrique no. 803 (June/September 1990): 205-235. SUBJECTS: Land tenure system, State power, Public sector, Land-use policy. KEYWORDS: land acquisition. Looks at land tenure and land-use policy in Africa. Examines the role of the state in determining land use and its sovereign right to land appropriation. Analyzes failures in the statist approach to land tenure and the challenge to state intervention of other actors. 2863 Kodjo, Edem. —et Demain l'Afrique. Paris: Stock, 1985. 366 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Political reform, Education policy, Scientific research, Development policy, Development theory, Pan Africanism, Authoritarian government. 2864 Konaré, Oumar. "La Notion de pouvoir dans l'Afrique traditionnelle et l'aire culturelle manden en particulier." In: Le Concept de pouvoir en Afrique, edited by George Hagan. Paris: UNESCO, 1981. 130-170 pp. ALSO COVERS: Mali. SUBJECTS: State formation, Traditional political system, Political development, Nation-state. 2865 Kontchou Kouomegni, Augustin. "Administration publique et politique en Afrique francophone (nord et sud du Sahara)." Présence africaine 127/128 (1983): 261-288. tables. SUBJECTS: Public administration, Marxist analysis, Colonialism, Government bureaucracy, Political power, State formation. KEYWORDS: Francophone Africa. 2866 Kontchou-Kouomégni, Augustin. "L'Etat Africain, mythe et réalité: à la recherche de la souveraineté." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 42, no. 1 (January/Feburary 1988): 42-60. tables. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Nation-state, Decolonization, National security, Military budget, North-South relations, Political ideology. Assesses whether African states are real states, in light of their dependence on Western nations. 2867 Kossou, Basile. "La Notion de pouvoir dans l'aire culturelle aja-fon." In: Le concept de pouvoir en Afrique, edited by George Hagan. Paris: UNESCO., 1981. 84-106 pp. ALSO COVERS: Benin. SUBJECTS : Traditional authority, Traditional political system, Traditional society. KEYWORDS: Aja people; Fon people. 2868 Kotecha, Ken C., and Robert W. Adams. Corruption of Power:

AfricanPolitics. Washington, DC: University Press of America, 1981. 473 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Government bureaucracy, Corruption, Power politics, Racial discrimination. KEYWORDS: personal power; economic independence. 2869 Krafona, Kwesi. Organization of African Unity: 25 Years On: Essays in Honour of Kwame Nkrumah. London: Afroworld, 1988.175 pp. tables, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Sudan. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Leadership analysis, Mass communication, Legal system, Race relations, Conflict resolution, Pan Africanism. KEYWORDS: Nkrumah, Kwame; ADB (African Development Bank); Garvey, Marcus; OAU; arms sales. Presents a collection of essays that describe, analyze, and offer solutions to Africa's pressing problems while keeping in view Nkrumah's call to unity. Suggests that many of Africa's problems have been caused by the failure of African countries to respond to Nkrumah's call. 2870 Kudita wa Sesemba, Nange. "Ndumba Tembo: un guerrier impitoyable, entreprenant et juste: réflexions sur la Philosophie Cokwe de la paix, de la justice et du travail." In: Philosophie africaine: Actes de la lOème Semaine Philosophique de Kinshasa du 30 novembre au 6 décembre 1986, edited by Faculté de Philosophie. Kinshasa, Zaire: Facultés Catholiques de Kinshasa, 1988.131-135 pp. ALSO COVERS: Côte d'Ivoire. SUBJECTS: Political theory, Traditional political system. KEYWORDS: Cokwe people; Tembo, Ndumba; philosophy; peace studies. Looks at a particular story in Cokwe philosophy to demonstrate the subjectivity and objectivity of the concepts peace, justice, and work. Claims that such concepts exist in every culture in different ways, so that despite differences there exists a common link of understanding and action among peoples. 2871 Kufakunesu Mashingaidze, Elleck. "La Signification du terme de 'nation' à la lumière de la situation réelle de l'Afrique." In: L'affirmation de l'identité culturelle et la formation de la conscience nationale dans l'Afrique contemporaine, edited by UNESCO. Paris: UNESCO., 1981.135-140 pp. SUBJECTS: State formation, Cultural policy, Nationalism, Political development. 2872 Laidi, Zaki. "Le Déclassement international de l'Afrique." Politique étrangère 53, no. 3 (1988): 667-680. SUBJECTS: Political system, Economic crisis, International politics, Economic development, Democratization, Liberalism, Diplomatic relations. Examines Africa's reduced international status due to widespread economic crises. Considers the degree to which policies of structural readjustment have placed African economies under outside tutelage since the 1980s. 2873 Lamb, David. The Africans. New York: Random House, 1982. 363 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Diplomatic relations, Decolonization, Political history, Political development, Case study. KEYWORDS: cultural analysis; social history. 2874 Lancaster, Carol. "Political economy and policy reform in sub-Saharan Africa." In: Africa's Development Challenges and the World Bank: Hard Questions, Costly Choices, edited by Stephen K. Commins. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1988. 159-178 pp. SUBJECTS: Political economy studies, Modernization, Political ideology, Dependency theory. KEYWORDS: World Bank. Describes major approaches in political economy over the past 25 years. Analyzes the insights that body of work offers about the nature of African government policies and institutions. Discusses implications for the implementation and sustainability of reforms and the role that foreign donors can play in supporting such reforms. 2875 Le Bris, E., E. Le Roy, and F. Leimdorfer, eds. Enjeux fonciers en Afrique noire. Paris: Karthala, 1982. 425 pp. tables, maps. SUB-

AFRI C A / P o l i t ics •

JECTS: Traditional society, Land-use policy, Land reform, Urban development, Rural development, State intervention, Agricultural development. 2876 Le Bris, Emile, and Etienne Le Roy. "La question foncière en Afrique noire." In: Enjeux fonciers en Afrique noire, edited by E. Le Bris, E. Le Roy, and F. Leimdorfer. Paris: Karthala, 1982. 391-399 pp. SUBJECTS: Capital accumulation, Land-use policy, Rural development, Urban development, State intervention, Land reform, Labor force. 2877 Le Pensec, Louis, ed. Vingt questions sur l'Afrique: des socialistes répondent; Document: Intervention de Lionel Jospin. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1988. 238 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Civil rights, Food aid, Urban growth, Political power, Apartheid, Socialism. KEYWORDS: Europe-Africa relations; France-Africa relations; CFA monetary area. Presents opinions and responses of prominent socialists on twenty issuses that are affecting African social and economic development. Addresses famine in Africa, political power, civil rights, defense agreements, monetary policy, European relations with Africa, and apartheid. 2878 Legum, Colin. "Democracy in Africa: Hopes and trends." In: Democracy and Pluralism in Africa, edited by Dov Ronen. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1986. 175-187 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Political system. Discusses major political and economic trends since independence in order to discuss prospects of democratic government in Africa. Maintains that no African state was a democracy at independence, therefore, present democratic institutions are not rooted in indigenous societies. 2879 Lemarchand, Rene. "Quelles indépendances?" Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 205/206 (1983): 19-37. tables. SUBJECTS: Uneven development, Political ideology, Economic dependency, Economic development policy, Decolonization, State formation. 2880 Lemarchand, René. "The state and society in Africa: Ethnic stratification and restratification in historical and comparative perspective." In: State Versus Ethnic Claims: African Policy Dilemmas, edited by Donald Rothchild and Victor A. Olorunsola. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1983. 44-66 pp. SUBJECTS: Class analysis, Government analysis, Ethnicity, Literature review, Colonialism, State politics. 2881 Letourneau, Jocelyn. "L'Itnéraire d'un débat." Canadian Journal of African Studies!Revue canadienne des études africaines 19, no. 1 (1985): 141-147. biblio. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Marxist analysis. KEYWORDS: modes of production. 2882 Liebenow, J. Gus, and Cathryn Lombardi. African politics: Crises and challenges. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1986. 305 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Nation building, Decolonization, Political development, Political participation, Military intervention. Discusses problems facing African nations, including poverty and economic development, ethnic conflict and nation building, apartheid, political cooperation and community building, political freedoms, institution building, and military intervention. 2883 Liebenow, J. Gus. "The military factor in African politics: A twenty-five-year perspective." In: Africanlndependence: The First Twenty-Five Years, edited by Gwendolen M. Carter and Patrick O'Meara. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1985.126-159 pp. SUBJECTS: Civilian government, Coup d'état, Military government, Nationalist movement. KEYWORDS: civil-military relations.

181

2884 Lisevitch, A. M. "Detente and disarmament—Principal conditions for solving global problems of today." Africa in Soviet Studies (1984): 69-84. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Capitalism, Socialism, Technological development, Military policy, Military budget, Imperialism. KEYWORDS: arms control. 2885 Lohata, Tambwe Okisokossa. "L'Idéologie panafricanisme." Le Mois en Afrique : études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines no. 253/254 (February/March 1987): 149-161. SUBJECTS: P a n - A f r i c a n i s m , Political ideology. K E Y W O R D S : Negritude; DuBois, W. E. B.; Nkrumah, Kwame. Looks at the political ideology and spread of pan-Africanism from the US to Africa. Examines the major spokesmen for the movement and its development during the postindependence period. Looks at variations on the pan-African theme including the continental versus the nationalist pan-Africanists. 2886 Lonsdale, John. "Political accountability in African history." In: Political Domination in Africa: Reflections on the Limits of Power, edited by Patrick Chabal. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1986. 126-157 pp. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Power politics, Elite analysis. Discusses the relationship between politics and production and analyzes the difficulties of accountability. Looks at the growth of political communities as well as political power with reference to its sovereignty and evolution. 2887 Lonsdale, John. "States and social processes in Africa: A historiographical survey." The African Studies Review 24, no. 2/3 (June/September 1981): 139-226. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Government analysis, Historical analysis, Class formation, State formation, Colonialism. 2888 Lopes, Carlos, and Lars Rudebeck. The Socialist Ideal in Africa: A Debate. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1988. 27 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Ideologies, Marxism, Socialism, Democracy. KEYWORDS: PAIGC; MPLA; FRELIMO; ZANU; African socialism. Discusses the state of socialism in Africa and its present erosion. Describes various national liberation movements in Africa and notions of the state, nation, and so on. Seeks to define what African socialism is. 2889 Luke, David. "Regionalism in Africa: A short study of the record." International Journal 41, no. 4 (Autumn 1986): 853-868. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Regional integration, Regionalism, Pan-Africanism. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; Nkrumah, Kwame; OAU; Toure, Ahmed Sekou. Assesses the political and economic problems that plague the African continent. Sees regionalism as regional integration and as activity between states designed to meet some common objectives. Believes that regionalism can have a positive impact on the African polity, but only if national interests and regional initiatives work hand in hand. 2890 Lumbala-Biduaya. "L'Organisation du pouvoir traditionnel africain." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 245/246 (1986): 116-125. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Traditional authority, Traditional society. KEYWORDS: stateless society. Explores the nature of authority in both the decentralized societies and much more centralized kingdoms. Asserts that developed political structures exist throughout Africa which are well suited to traditional life. 2891 MacGaffey, Janet. "Economic disengagement and class formation in Zaire." In: The Precarious Balance: State and Society in Africa, edited by Donald Rothchild and Naomi Chazan. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1988.171-188pp. SUBJECTS: Class analysis,Corruption,

182

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State power, Capitalism, Economic analysis, Export policy. Discusses the development of illegal trade practices among citizens of Zaire. States that this has weakened the power of the state and ruling classes due to their inability to exercise control over the economy. 2892 MacGaffey, Wyatt. "African ideology and belief: A survey." The African Studies Review 24, no. 2/3 (June/September 1981): 227274. biblio. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Political change, Islam, Traditional religion, Christianity, Anthropological analysis, PanAfricanism. 2893 Macmillan, Mona. Champion of Africa: The Second Phase of the Work of W. M. Macmillan, 1934-1974. Long Wittenham, UK: Mona Macmillan, 1985. 299 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Political development, Political history, Decolonization. KEYWORDS: Macmillan, W. M. 2894 Magang, David N. "Democracy in African tradition: The case of Botswana." In: Democracy and Pluralism in Africa, edited by Dov Ronen. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1986.103-108 pp. ALSO COVERS: Botswana. SUBJECTS: Traditional political system, Colonialism, Democracy. KEYWORDS: Tswana people. Analyzes the effectiveness of traditional systems of government in Africa using the case study of Botswana. Concludes that the African democratic tradition needs to be extended to permeate the entire continent. 2895 Makidi-Ku-Ntima. "On the external dimension of the crisis of the revolution in Zaire: Revolutionary solidarity vs. national interest." In: The Crisis in Zaire: Myths and Realities, edited by NzongolaNtalaja. Trenton, New Jersey: Africa World, 1986.289-295 pp. ALSO COVERS: Zaire. SUBJECTS: Nationalism, Socialism, Revolutionary movement, Political ideology, Neocolonialism. Examines the reasons why so many African nations have opted for national pursuits that foster neocolonialism rather than revolutionary ideology and change. Assesses the prospects for socialist revolutions in the African context. 2896 Makolo, Philomene. "Reflections on development administration with special reference to Africa." Canadian Journal of Development Studies/Revue canadienne d'études de développement 5, no. 1 (1984): 79-112. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Development planning, Public administration, Government bureaucracy. 2897 Malwal, Bona. "The African system of pluralism." In: Democracy and Pluralism in Africa, edited by Dov Ronen. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1986. 87-91 pp. SUBJECTS: Democracy, Traditional political system, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: pluralism. Discusses Africa's failure to achieve democracy and its inability to effectively govern itself. States that the African system of pluralism needs to be adapted in order to enable African democratic institutions to function better using traditional means. 2898 Mamdani, Mahmood, Thandika Mkandawire, and Wambadia-Wamba. Social Movements, Social Transformation and the Struggle for Democracy in Africa. Dakar, Senegal: CODESRIA, 1988. 26 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Literature review, Democracy, National development, Dependency theory. KEYWORDS: CODESRIA (Council for Development of Economic & Social Research in Africa). Presents a working proposal for the research theme of CODESRIA in 1986. Proposes two separate, but connected projects for research, the straggle for democracy in Africa and the connection between democracy and development. Provides an excellent overview and bibliography of the literature about development. 2899 Marcum, John A. "The United States, the Soviet Union and twenty-five years of African independence." Journal of Contem-

porary African Studies (October 1985): 3-19. SUBJECTS: International relations, Pan-Africanism, Economic development, Military aid, Political instability, Regional cooperation. KEYWORDS: USAfrica relations; ECA; USSR-Africa relations. 2900 Marenin, Otwin. "Essence and empiricism in African politics. " The Journal of Modern African Studies 19,no. 1 (March 1981): 1-30. SUBJECTS: Political theory, Class analysis, Marxism, Research methodology. KEYWORDS: African socialism. 2901 Marenin, Otwin. "Essence and empiricism in African politics." In: Political Science in Africa: A Critical Review, edited by Yolamu R. Barongo. London: Zed, 1983. 211-238 pp. SUBJECTS: Research m e t h o d o l o g y , Political theory, Class analysis, Marxism. KEYWORDS: African socialism. 2902 Marenin, Otwin. "Policing African states: Toward a critique." Comparative Politics 14, no. 4 (July 1982): 379-396. SUBJECTS: Class conflict, Police brutality, Power politics, Ethnic conflict, State politics. KEYWORDS: political legitimacy. 2903 Marenin, Otwin. "The coercive basis of African states, or why doesn't the police protect the civilian government against military coups?" African Studies Association Papers 27, no. 65 (October 1984): 1-17. SUBJECTS: Personalized leadership, Ethnicity, Police brutality, Terrorism, Coup d'état, Civilian government. 2904 Marenin, Otwin. "The managerial state in Africa: A conflict coalition perspective." In: The African State in Transition, edited by Zaki Ergas. London: Macmillan, 1987. 61-86 pp. SUBJECTS: State power, Management, Political analysis, Political conflict. Examines the process of governance in Africa. Looks at the impact of internal conflict and coalition building on the development of governmental institutions. Notes the issue of political elites and their important role in most African states. 2905 Markakis, John, and Michael Waller, eds. Military Marxist Regimes in Africa. London: Frank Cass, 1986. 166 pp. SUBJECTS: Military government, Communism, Marxism. A collection of articles on African military governments that espouse Marxist doctrine and align themselves with similar communist regimes around the world. Analyzes the rhetoric and reality of these regimes. 2906 Martens, George. "L'Afrique: a-t-elle besoin des syndicats? (deuxième partie)." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 221/222 (1984): 50-69. ALSO COVERS: Chad. SUBJECTS: Trade union, Labor union, Political parties, Political opposition, Political participation. KEYWORDS: FSM (Fédération Syndicale Mondiale); OUSA (Organisation de l'Unit Syndicate Africaine). 2907 Martin, Guy. "Africa and the ideology of Eurafrica: Neocolonialism or Pan-Africanism?" The Journal of Modern African Studies 20, no. 2 (June 1982): 221-238. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Economic integration, Neocolonialism, Pan-Africanism. KEYWORDS: Lomé conventions. 2908 Martin, Guy. "Théories, idéologies et stratégies de d é v e l o p p e m e n t en A f r i q u e : vers u n e voie a f r i c a i n e de développement." AfricaDevelopment!Afrique et développement 8, no. 2 (1983): 36-45. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Ideologies, Socialism, Capitalism, Development policy. 2909 Maspero, François. "Le Combat de Tricontinental." In: La France contre l'Afrique, edited by François Maspero. Paris: F. Maspero, 1981. 3-28 pp. SUBJECTS: Marxist analysis, International relations, Political integration, Liberation movement. KEYWORDS:

AFRIC A / P o l i tics • 1 8 3 France-Africa relations; Castro, Fidel. 2910 Mawhood, Philip. "Decentralization: The concept and the practice." In: Local Government in the Third World: The Experience of Tropical Africa, edited by Philip Mawhood. New York: Wiley, 1983. 1-24 pp. SUBJECTS: Decentralization, Local government, Public administration, Government economic management, Centralized authority. KEYWORDS: state-local relations. 2911 Mawhood, Philip, ed. Local Government in the Third World: The Experience of Tropical Africa. New York: Wiley, 1983. 261 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Sudan, Ghana. SUBJECTS: Decentralization, Local government, Public administration, Rural development. 2912 Mawhood, Philip. "State formation in tropical Africa." Revue internationale de science politique/International Political Science Review 10, no. 3 (1989): 239-250. SUBJECTS: State formation, Nation building, Regionalism, Decentralization. KEYWORDS: regional inequality. Sheds light on state formation in Africa by comparing the process with that of the history of the European states, particularly Spain. Explores the role of regions in African nation building, focusing on decentralization efforts and pluralism. 2913 Mazrui, Ali A. "Africa between ideology and technology: Two frustrated forces of change." In: African Independence: The First Twenty-Five Years, edited by Gwendolen M. Carter and Patrick O'Meara. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1985. 275300 pp. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Ideologies, Women's rights, Technological development, Marxism. KEYWORDS: New International Economic Order; Nyerere, Julius K.; African socialism. 2914 Mazrui, Ali A. "The reincarnation of the African State: A triple heritage in transition from pre-colonial times." Présence africaine 127/128 (1983): 114-127. SUBJECTS: State formation, Ethnicity, Traditional political system, Islamic society, Political development, Nation-state. 2915 Mbembe, Achille. "Pouvoir, violence et accumulation." Politique africaine no. 39 (September 1990): 7-24. SUBJECTS: Political power, Political violence, Capital accumulation, Political analysis. Analyzes the phenomenen of the exercise of power, the production of violence, and the dynamics of accumulation in present African societies. Examines the possible theoretical and subsequent practical misunderstanding of the West. Explores the possibility for a new basis of understanding based on African historical formations and internal factors. 2916 Mbokazi, S. Z. Localization: A Problem of African Development Administration. KwaDlangezwa, RSA: University of Zululand, 1983. 17 pp. SUBJECTS: Local government, Public administration, Development policy. KEYWORDS: Africanization. 2917 Mbonimpa, Melchior. Idéologies de l'indépendance africaine. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1989. 247 pp. other docs. ALSO COVERS: Guinea-Bissau. SUBJECTS: Ideologies, Historical analysis, Political analysis, Leadership analysis, Pan-Africanism. KEYWORDS: Fanon, Franz; Cabrai, Amilcar; Nyerere, Julius K.; Nkrumah, Kwame. Explores the concept of African independence through the ideological and philosophical theories of African politicians and thinkers. Examines the gap between the enthusiasm of independence as a historical and political movement and the social, economic, and philosophical aftermath. 2918 Mbu, Aloysius Nelson Taku. Introduction to Human Rights in Africa. Bamenda, Nigeria: A. N. T. Mbu, 1982. 83 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Socialism, Human rights, Civil rights, Self-determination, Economic policy, State power.

2919 Médard, J. F. "L'Etat patrimonialisé." Politique africaine no. 39 (September 1990): 25-36. SUBJECTS: State power, Economic development, Capital accumulation, State politics. KEYWORDS: patrimonial system. Defines the concept of state and its logic in the African context. Claims that this is an ambiguous and paradoxical notion of politics. Looks theoretically at the state's role in development, the legitimization of power, and nation building. 2920 Médard, Jean-François. "Le Paysan, le développement et l'état: quelques remarques sur 'No Shortcuts to Progress, African development management in perspective' de Goron Hyden." In: Questions sur la paysannerie au Burundi, edited by Philippe Ntahombaye. Bujumbura, Burundi: Université du Burundi, 1987. 121-129 pp. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: State intervention, Traditional society, Economic development, Marxist analysis, Underdevelopment. KEYWORDS: Hydén, Gören. Examines the validity and implications of Goran Hyden's appraisal of rural development in Africa. Suggests that African farmers are very vulnerable to problems of industrialization and modernization. 2921 Megjigboda, Nicole. "On 'Senghorian philosophy' or philosophical charlatanism for the consumption of Africans." Ufahamu 11, no. 2 (Fall/Winter 1981): 20-57. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Marxism. KEYWORDS: Senghor, Léopold Sédar; African socialism. 2922 Mengue Me Engouang, Fidèle. "Parlementarisme et monopartisme en Afrique noire francophone." Penant: revue de droit des pays d'Afrique 96, no. 790/791 (January/July 1986): 129-140. SUBJECTS: Power politics, One-party system, Parliamentary government, Constitutional law, Authoritarian government, Democracy. Examines the failure of multiparty parliamentary rule in Africa and the rise of authoritarian rule. 2923 Mennasemay, Maimire. "Political theory, political science and African development." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 16, no. 2 (1982): 223-244. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Political theory, Political development. KEYWORDS: political science discipline. 2924 Metz, Steven. "In lieu of orthodoxy: The socialist theories of Nkrumah and Nyerere." The Journal of Modern African Studies 20, no. 3 (September 1982): 377-392. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania, Ghana. SUBJECTS: Socialism, Marxist analysis, Traditional society. KEYWORDS: Nkrumah, Kwame; Nyerere, Julius K.; African socialism. 2925 Meyns, Peter, and Dani Wadada Nabudere, eds. Democracy and the One-Party State in Africa. Hamburg, West Germany: Institut für Afrika-Kunde, 1989. 304 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: One-party system, Political analysis, Government analysis, Democracy, Political history, Socialism, Corruption. KEYWORDS: African socialism; African Marxism; Tanzania elections 1985; APC (All People's Congress); NPN (National Party of Nigeria). Examines the phenomenon of the one-party state in Africa and its continuation after nearly thirty years of independence. Addresses its relationship to the aim of achieving democratic government. 2926 Midgley, James. "Popular participation, statism and development." Journal of Social Development in Africa 2, no. 1 (1987): 5-15. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Populism, National planning policy, State politics, Political participation. KEYWORDS: WHO; UNICEF; community participation. Explores the issue of popular participation in development and asserts that its ideas derive from a blend of individualism, populism, and anarchism.

184 • AFRICA/Politics 2927 Mignot, Alain. "La Filiation et le pouvoir dans les société lignagères." Penant: revue de droit des pays d'Afrique 94, no. 783 (January/April 1984): 83-103. SUBJECTS: Traditional political system, Political power. 2928 Miller, E. Willard, and Ruby M. Miller, eds. The Third WorldAfrica: Political Aspects, A Bibliography. Monticello, Illinois: Vance Bibliographies, 1990. 24 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Political analysis, Government analysis, International relations, Nationalism, Local government, Political parties. KEYWORDS: OAU. Provides a bibliography on the political situation in Africa. Highlights Africa's relationship with other countries. Touches on the role of nationalism in the development of Africa. Examines the role of political parties in Africa. 2929 Mkandawire, T. "Comments on democracy and political instability." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 13, no. 3 (1988): 77-82. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Democracy, Authoritarian government, Leadership analysis, Government analysis, Personalized leadership. KEYWORDS: Nyong'o, Peter Anyang. Responds to Peter Anyang Nyong'o's assertions on democracy and development in Africa. Criticizes Anyang for using the term "democracy" too loosely. Suggests that democracy should be considered an essential issue for African governments because it recognizes the legitimate rights of African people to govern themselves. 2930 Mnguni, Herbert Mbukeni. "African intellectuals and the development of African political thought in the twentieth century." Presence africaine 143 (1987): 113-121. SUBJECTS: Marxism, National liberation movement, Political culture, Capitalism, Colonialism, Imperialism, Pan Africanism. Discusses the emergence of a specifically African political thought among intellectuals, concluding that this thought is a product of a history of imperialism, colonialism, and capitalism. 2931 Mohammed, Bala. Africa and Nonalignment: A Study in the ForeignRelationsofNewNations. Kano, Nigeria: Triumph, 1982.282 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Pan-Africanism, Political independence, Nonaligned nation. KEYWORDS: OAU; UN. 2932 Moore, Will H„ and James R. Scarritt. "IMF conditionality and polity characteristics in Black Africa: An exploratory analysis." Africa Today 37, no. 4 (1990): 39-60. tables. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Statistical analysis, Authoritarian government, Democracy, Decentralization. KEYWORDS: IMF; loan conditionality. Reviews the literature on the causes and effects of structural adjustment programs. Analyzes the relationship between IMF highconditionality agreements and changes in democracy, authoritarian government, and centralization of power. Concludes that the agreements were not significantly correlated with change.

2935 Mozaffar, Shaheen. "Leadership process and the management of ethnic conflict in Africa." African Studies Association Papers 28, no. 91 (November 1985): 1-30. SUBJECTS: Elite analysis, Segregation, Resource distribution, Leadership analysis, Ethnic politics. KEYWORDS: state-ethnic relations; patron-client relations. 2936 Mudaba, Yoka Lye. "Démocratie: Air et signes du temps." Zaïre-Afrique no. 247/248 (September/October 1990): 361-367. SUBJECTS: Democratization, Historical analysis, Political change. KEYWORDS: perestroïka; Aggiornamento. Examines a current wave of democracy sweeping the world. Looks at several regions and highlights developments that have influenced Africa. Includes analyses of generational shift, the dictates of Rome and Aggiornamento, the economic crisis, and peristroika. 2937 Mugyenyi, Meddi. "Development first, democracy second: A comment on minimalist democracy." In: Democratic Theory and Practice in Africa, edited by Walter O. Oyugi, E. S. Atieno Odhiambo, Michael Chege, and Afrifa K. Gitonga. Portsmouth, New Hampshire: Heinemann, 1988. 178-190 pp. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Democracy, Economic development, Democratization. KEYWORDS: minimalist democracy. Argues that the likelihood of developing countries' enjoying both development and democracy at the same time is limited: one must be sacrificed in favor of the other. Observes that where there has been democratization of society, there has been correspondingly poor performance in the economy. 2938 Mukopadhyay, Ashok. "Political science in Africa today." Africa Quarterly 22, no. 3/4 (1983): 18-25. SUBJECTS: Modernization, Political development, Political theory, Models, Political economy studies. KEYWORDS: political science discipline. 2939 Muma, P. A. "The state and economic development in Africa." In: Regional Development at the National Level: Canadian and African Perspectives, edited by Timothy M. Shaw and Yash Tandon. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1985. 273-303 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: State formation, Economic development policy, State power, Foreign aid, Colonialism. 2940 Musoke, Mubiru. "Evolution of the American constitutional doctrines: The implications for African constitutional development and democracy." The Uganda Quarterly Review 1, no. 3/4 (December 1981): 217-383. SUBJECTS: Political analysis, Democracy, Constitutional development, Civil rights. 2941 Mutahaba, Gelase. "Human resources factor in African public administration: A review." The African Review 9, no. 1 (1982): 32-58. SUBJECTS: Public administration, Industrial relations, Higher education, Civil service, Technical training, Human resources development, Trade union.

2933 Mozaffar, Shaheen. "Clarifying some analytical issues in corporatism." In: Corporatism in Africa: Comparative Analysis and Practice, edited by Timothy M. Shaw and Julius E. Nyang'oro. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1989.15-66 pp. SUBJECTS: Government analysis, Political theory, Models. KEYWORDS: corporatism; state-society relations. Identifies and clarifies the analytical issues that must be considered in utilizing corporatism as an approach to state-society relations in contemporary Africa. Clarifies various meanings attached to the notion of corporatism.

2942 N'da, Paul. Les Intellectuels et le pouvoir en Afrique noire. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1987. 222 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Political power, Government analysis, Political elite, Social change, Socialism. KEYWORDS: UNECI (Union Nationale des Etudiants de Côte d'Ivoire); MEOCAM (Mouvement des Etudiants de l'OCAM); MEECI (Mouvement des Etudiants et Elèves de Côte d'Ivoire). Addresses African intellectuals and their relationship to power. Determines why intellectuals form the most active elements in the contestation of African political power and how they account for their simultaneous positions both for and against such power.

2934 Mozaffar, Shaheen. Dimensions of State-Society Relations in Africa. Boston, Massachusetts: African Studies Center, Boston University, 1985. 22 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Political participation, State politics, State government, Political development, Political culture. KEYWORDS: state-society relations.

2943 N'da, Paul. Pouvoir, lutte de classes, idéologie et milieu intellectuel africain. Paris: Présence Africaine, 1987.107 pp. SUBJECTS: Class struggle, Ideological conflict, Political power. Examines the extent to which power, class, and ideology create tension and conflict in the African intellectual milieu. Asks how this

AFRIC A/Poli tic s • 1 8 5 diverse and conflict-ridden milieu establishes unity.

lessons of democracy for Africa.

2944 N'Zembele, Luftachi. "L'Afrique des 'Africanistes'." Peuples noirs; peuples africains 9, no. 50 (March/April 1986): 8-43. SUBJECTS: Academic research, Political ideology, Traditional political system, State formation. KEYWORDS: Revue Française d'Etudes Constitutionnelles et Politiques, Volume 25; African studies; chieftaincy. Examines Africa's political process through an analysis of Volume 25 of the "Revue Française d'Etudes Constitutionnelles et Politiques." Considers the contradictions between the contemporary state and traditional political structures, and the impact of colonization.

2951 Ngond'a Ndenge, Ngwey. "Les Idéologies africaines à l'épreuve de la vérité: leçons de la Xlle Semaine Philosophique de Kinshasa (26 novembre-2 décembre 1989)." Zaïre-Afrique no. 244 (April/May 1990): 205-220. SUBJECTS: Ideologies, Social development policy, Political theory. KEYWORDS: Twelfth Philosophical Week, Kinshasa, 1989; philosophy. Analyzes the contributions and presentations made at the Twelfth Philosophy Week at Kinshasa. Examines different aspects of ideology, including social, cultural, and developmental. Presents the collective conference perspective on truthfulness of African ideology and philosophy.

2945 Nabudere, Dani Wadada. "The one-party state in Africa and its assumed philosophical roots." In: Democracy and the One-Party State in Africa, edited by Peter Meyns and Dani Wadada Nabudere. Hamburg, West Germany: Institute fiir Afrika-Kunde, 1989. 1-24 pp. SUBJECTS: One-party system, Political theory, Government analysis, Democracy, Neocolonialism. Addresses the main ideological arguments in favor of the oneparty system. States that the variety of arguments obscures the neocolonial character of the African states, which continue to be dominated by imperialism. 2946 Nafziger, E. Wayne. "African capitalism, state power, and economic development." The Journal of Modern African Studies 28, no. 1 (March 1990): 141-150. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Capitalism, Colonialism, Dependency theory, Agricultural development. Presents a brief history of capitalism and the role of the African bourgeousie as it is presented in three recent books. Discusses alternative destructive effects not addressed by these books. Argues that the main beneficiaries of capitalist development have been elites and the state. 2947 Natchaba, Ouattara Fambaré. "La Succession constitutionnelle du chef de l'état dans les régimes Africains." Penant: revue de droit des pays d'Afrique 98, no. 796 (January/May 1988): 5-42. SUBJECTS: Constitution, Political succession, Presidential government, Leadership analysis. KEYWORDS: Ahidjo, Ahmadou; Nyerere, Julius K.; Stevens, Siaka Probyn. States that the constitutional succession of African leaders is a delicate question throughout Africa. Examines the role that constitutions play in African politics. Explores the types of political successions evident in Africa with case studies drawn. 2948 Neuberger, Benjamin. "National self-determination in postcolonial Africa." African Studies Association Papers 27, no. 74 (October 1984): 1-24. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Nationalism, Democracy, Colonialism, Self-determination. KEYWORDS: Eritrea. 2949 Neuberger, Benyamin. National Self-Determination in PostcolonialAfrica. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1986.150 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS : Colonialism, Political parties, Self-determination, Nationalism, Democracy, Conflict. KEYWORDS: Eritrea. Looks at the origins of national self-determination and the various forms it has taken in colonial as well as postcolonial Africa. Concludes that it is only through an analysis of this that secessionist movements and the periodic crises throughout Africa can be better understood. 2950 Ngoma-Binda, P. "Théorie de la démocratie: examen des fondements philosophiques de la démocratie libérale américaine." ZaïreAfrique no. 246 ( J u n e / J u l y 1990): 277-297. S U B J E C T S : Democratization, Democracy. KEYWORDS: US-Africa relations. Analyzes the theory of democracy and the philosophical foundation of American liberal democracy. Examines the notion, institutions, values, and precepts of democracy. Concludes by discussing the

2952 Ngong'o, Anueng. "L'Etat et la société en Afrique." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 8, no. 3 (1983): 76-96. ALSO COVERS: Kenya. SUBJECTS: Neocolonialism, Ruling class, State politics, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: Alavi, Hamza; KANU (Kenya African National Union). 2953 Nicol, Davidson. "African pluralism and democracy." In: Democracy and Pluralism in Africa, edited by Dov Ronen. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1986. 165-174 pp. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Democracy, Education system, Nation-state, Democratization. KEYWORDS: pluralism. Discusses the relation between pluralism and democracy, which is considered critical to African development, and presents international case studies to prove the point. Emphasizes the need for education in order to overcome various differences and achieve democracy. 2954 Nicolas, Guy. "Modèle fédéral et réalité nationale africaine." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 233/234 (1985): 26-41. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Political parties, Federalism, Political instability, Nation state, Regional development, Religion. 2955 Nielsen, Waldemar. The Great Powers and Africa. New York: Praeger, 1986. 431 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Political history, Decolonization, International relations, Foreign policy, Political development. KEYWORDS: US-Africa relations; Europe-Africa relations; USSR-Africa relations. Outlines the political development of African relations with Europe, the communist countries, and the US. Examines the decolonization process, the role of non-African nations in that process, and the industrialized nation's relations with newly independent nations. Discusses the development of US foreign policy toward Africa. 2956 Ninsin, Kwame A. 'Three levels of state reordering: The structural aspects." In: The Precarious Balance: State andSociety in Africa, edited by Donald Rothchild and Michael W. Foley. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1988. 265-281 pp. SUBJECTS: State power, Government analysis, Political alliance, Economic crisis. KEYWORDS: coalition government. Attributes Africa's current political and economic chaos to external capital that controls and manipulates the power centers of the country. Discusses how the response to the current state of chaos has been to follow the example of the former colonial government policy. States that this response has been unhelpful and inappropriate. 2957 Nkeramihigo, Théoneste. "La Portée politique de la justice." In: Philosophie africaine: paix, justice, travail. Actes de la lOème Semaine Philosophique de Kinshasa 1986, edited by Faculté de Philosophie. Kinshasa, Zaire: Facultés Catholiques de Kinshasa, 1988. 81-88 pp. SUBJECTS: Political theory, Judicial process, State politics. KEYWORDS: African philosophy. Discusses the role and concept of justice in the formation of state policy. Claims that justice is the ideal model to which politics should conform. States that justice requires political mediation in order to

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specifically determine and fix objectives. 2958 Nkom, S. A. "Ethical revolution?—The futility of bourgeois idealism." In: Nigeria: Corruption in Development, edited by Femi Odekunle. Ibadan, Nigeria: Ibadan University Press, 1983. 227-240 pp. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Corruption, Capitalism. KEYWORDS: Usman, Yusufu Bala. 2959 Nkombe, Oleko. "Le Développement politique." Les Nouvelles rationalités africaines 3, no. 9 (October 1987): 31-53. SUBJECTS: Development policy, Political development, Labor union, Political parties, Youth issues, W o m e n ' s studies, Peasant society. KEYWORDS: community participation; church-state relations. Examines the theoretical aspects of political relations. Traces the origins of power as well as its organization. Addresses political forces such as the press; political parties; trade unions; youth, womens, and peasant organizations; the church; the administration; and security forces. 2960 Nnoli, Okwudiba. "Creation of states: Theoretical and practical problems." In: Regional Development at the International Level: Canadian and African Perspectives, edited by Timothy M. Shaw and Yash Tandon. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1985. 67-94 pp. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Federalism, Marxist analysis, Ethnic politics, Class formation, State formation. 2961 Nolutshungu, Sam C. "South Africa and the transfers of power in Africa." In: Decolonization and African Independence: The Transfers of Power, 1960-1980, edited by Prosser Gifford and Wm. Roger Louis. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1988. 477503 pp. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa, Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Apartheid, Class formation, Decolonization, Power politics, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: Afrikaner nationalism; ANC; PAC; Botha, Pieter W.; National Party. Analyzes the unique process of the transfer of power in the RS A. States that neither colonialism nor the eventual transfer of power was external to the RSA's development. Argues that the same forces that created colonial and postcolonial Africa also shaped the RSA as it exists today. 2962 Nono Lutula, Piame-Ololo. "De l'État en Afrique à l'état Africain problématique actuelle des chercheurs autochtones." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 38, no. 3 (September 1984): 775-793. SUBJECTS: Government analysis, Democracy, Legal development, Federalism, Parliamentary government. KEYWORDS: public law. 2963 Nouaille-Degorge, Brigitte. La Politique française de coopération avec les états africains et malgache au sud du Sahara, 1958-1978. Talence, France: Centre d'études d'Afrique noire/Institut d'études politiques, 1982. 567 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: International cooperation, Military intervention, Economic cooperation, Presidential government, Economic analysis, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: France-Africa relations. 2964 Nursey-Bray, Paul. "Class formation and post-colonial state theory in Africa." Africa Quarterly 20, no. 3/4 (1981): 30-47. SUBJECTS: State formation, Class analysis, Bourgeoisie, Government analysis, Socialist government, Class formation, Capitalism. 2965 Nwauwa, A. O. "State formation in Africa: A reconsideration of the traditional theories." Africa Quarterly 28, no. 3/4 (1988-1989): 23-35. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, State formation, Political theory, Islam, Academic research, Marxist analysis. KEYWORDS: Egypt-Africa relations. Names two histographical problems in Eurocentric scholarship on state formation in Africa: the dismissal of politics that do not match Western models of states and the tendency to attribute African polities

similar to Western models to outside influences. Describes how African systems have perplexed Western scholars. 2966 Nwoko, Mattthew. The Rationality ofAfrican Socialism. Rome, Italy: M. I. Nwoko, 1985. 121 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic theory, Political theory, Political development, Socialist government. KEYWORDS: African socialism. 2967 Nyang'oro, Julius E., and Timothy M. Shaw, eds. Corporatism in Africa: Comparative Analysis and Practice. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1989.232 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Political analysis, Government analysis, Models, Ethnicity, Military policy, Socialism, Capitalism. KEYWORDS: corporatism; state-society relations; TANU; WPE (Workers' Party of Ethiopia); church-state relations. Applies the concept of corporatism to the African continent. Demonstrates the variation in corporatist practices and success among African countries. 2968 Nyasany, Joseph M. "The state and status of African philosophy." In: Philosophie africaine: paix, justice, travail. Actes de la lOème Semaine Philosophique de Kinshasa 1986, edited by Faculté de Philosophie. Kinshasa, Zaire: Facultés Catholiques de Kinshasa, 1988. 49-55 pp. SUBJECTS: Political theory, Ideologies. KEYWORDS: African philosophy. Claims that African philosophy exists in a somewhat distorted context for lack of a firm metaphysical base. Argues that African philosophy has been turned into something of an ideology which has given rise to subjective misrepresentations. 2969 Nzongola-Ntalaja. "Presidential address: The African crisis: The way out." The African Studies Review 32, no. 1 (November 1989): 115-128. SUBJECTS: Neocolonialism, Authoritarian government, Democracy, Development policy. Discusses the African development crisis from a political perspective by holding neocolonialism and authoritarian governments responsible for development stagnation. States that the only solution for this is a "people's state" that satisfies the needs of the ordinary people. 2970 Nzongola-Ntalaja. Revolution and Counter-revolution in Africa: Essays in Contemporary Politics. London: Zed, 1987.130 pp. ALSO COVERS: Zaire, Guinea-Bissau. SUBJECTS: Nationalism, Marxism, National liberation movement, Neocolonialism, Political theory. KEYWORDS: Cabrai, Amilcar. Presents a summary analysis of the relevance of Marxism as a scientific discipline of enquiry. Discusses a theory of national liberation that is consistent with historical materialism, based on the ideas of Amilcar Cabrai. Examines major obstacles to genuine liberation and development. Provides a case study of the first revolutionary struggle in Africa, that of Zaire. 2971 Ogunbambi, Rafiq O. A. "Military intervention in independent African states revisited: A review 1960-1983." Afrika Spectrum 19, no. 3 (1984): 291-297. SUBJECTS: Military government, Coup d'état, Government analysis. 2972 Ogundipe-Leslie, Molara. "African Marxists, women and a critique of everyday life." Journal of African Marxists no. 10 (June 1987): 37-42. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Women's rights, Socialism, Marxism. KEYWORDS: African Marxism. Criticizes the sexism of a number of African Marxists and revolutionary organizations. Suggests that they reassess their attitudes toward women. 2973 Ojo, J. B. "Public administration in Africa: Separate area or sub-discipline?" In: Political Science in Africa: A Critical Review, edited by Yolamu R. Barongo. London: Zed, 1983. 94-100 pp. SUBJECTS: Public administration, Higher education, Government bureaucracy.

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2974 O k a d i g b o , C h u b a . Consciencism in African Political Philosophy : Nkrumah' s Critique. Enugu, Nigeria: Fourth Dimension, 1985.106 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Political theory, Communism, Political development. KEYWORDS: consciencism; Nkrumah, Kwame; African philosophy. 2975 O k a d i g b o , C h u b a . " T h e odyssey and f u t u r e of PanAfricanism." Africa and the World 1, no. 1 (October 1987): 44-53. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Pan-Africanism, Nationalism. KEYWORDS: African nationalism; PAC; OAU; ECOWAS. Examines and analyzes the future for Pan-Africanist movements throughout the world. Assesses whether organizations such as the OAU and ECOWAS served to intensify or stagnate Pan-Africanism. Asserts that Pan-Africanism, because it has become institutionalized, is in danger of dying off. 2976 Okoye, Mokwugo. "Party politics and elections: A historical and functional analysis." In: Proceedings of the National Conference on Nigeria since Independence, volume one, edited by J. A. Atanda and A. Y. Aliyu. Zaria, Nigeria: Panel on Nigeria Since Independence History Project, 1985. 487-499 pp. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Elections, Traditional society, Oneparty system, Political history. 2977 Olowu, Dele. "Bureaucratic morality in Africa." Revue internationale de science politique/International Political Science Review 9, no. 3 (1988): 215-229. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Government bureaucracy, Capitalism, Corruption, Nation building, Privatization. KEYWORDS: public services. Provides a literature review of writings on different African countries in an attempt to synthesize perspectives on bureaucracies. Describes how the use of power is constituted as the critical issue. 2978 Omoruyi, Omu. "Teaching political science as a vocation in Africa." In: Political Science in Africa: A Critical Review, edited by Yolamu R. Barongo. London: Zed, 1983. 6-16 pp. SUBJECTS: Liberalism, Higher education, Literature review, Political theory. KEYWORDS: Weber, Max; political science discipline. 2979 Orwa, D. K. "The search for African unity." In: African International Relations, edited by J. C. B. Olatunde, D. K. Orwa, and C. M. B. Utete. New York: Longman, 1985. 73-95 pp. SUBJECTS: Political alliance, Political development, Political history, International relations, Diplomatic relations. KEYWORDS: OAU; UN. 2980 Orwa, D. K. 'Theories of international relations." In: African International Relations, edited by J. C. B. Olatunde, D. K. Orwa, and C. M. B. Utete. New York: Longman, 1985. 1-18 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Political theory, Political system, Political development, Foreign policy. 2981 Osaghae, Eghosa E. 'The character of the state, legitimacy crisis, and social mobilization in Africa: An explanation of form and character." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 14, no. 2 (1989): 27-47. biblio. SUBJECTS: Government analysis, Political participation. KEYWORDS: social mobilization. States that social mobilization is called for frequently by African leaders but has not received much attention from academics. Defines mobilization as practiced in Africa and considers the implications for mobilization of state-society relations. 2982 Oseghare, Anthony S. "Sage philosophy: A new orientation in African philosophy." In: Sage Philosophy: Indigenous Thinkers and Modern Debate on African Philosophy, edited by H. Odera Oruka. Leiden, Netherlands: E. J. Brill, 1990. 249-258 pp. SUBJECTS: Ideologies. KEYWORDS: African philosophy. Argues that for philosophy in Africa to be serious and meaningful, it cannot be different from what is universally acknowledged to

187

be philosophy. Examines how philosophy can be at once unique and universal. 2983 Osia, Kunirum. ' T h e possibility of democracy for Nigeria." African Studies Association Papers 29, no. 73 (October/November 1986): 1 -26. SUBJECTS: Democracy, Ethnicity, Leadership analysis, Political system, Consociational democracy. KEYWORDS: cultural pluralism; census. Discusses consociational democracy as Nigeria's answer to problems of population, ethnicity, and political leadership. 2984 Ottaway, David, and Marina Ottaway. Afrocommunism. New York: Africana, 1981. 237 pp. ALSO COVERS: Mozambique, Angola. SUBJECTS: Political theory, Socialism, Marxism-Leninism, Nationalism, National liberation movement. KEYWORDS: African Marxism; African socialism; African communism. 2985 Otubanjo, Femi. "Themes in African traditional political thought." In: African Traditional Political Thought and Institutions, edited by John A. A. Ayoade and Adigun A. B. Agbaje. Lagos, Nigeria: Centre for Black and African Arts and Civilization, 1989. 3-17 pp. SUBJECTS: Traditional political system, Anthropological analysis, Ideologies. Outlines African traditional thought, from the points of view of practices, processes, institutions, and structures in traditional African societies as documented in anthropological literature. Concludes that Africa has abandoned its heritage of the political ideals that gave rise to humane and orderly societies. 2986 Outlaw, Julius. '"Nous sommes un peuple africain' Les AfroAméricains et l'Afrique." translated by Denis Martin, Politique africaine no. 15 (September 1984): 24-33. SUBJECTS: PanAfricanism, Ethnicity, Political power. KEYWORDS: diaspora; American-African relations. 2987 Outlaw, Lucius. "African 'philosophy': Deconstructive and reconstructive challenges." In: Sage Philosophy: Indigenous Thinkers andModernDebate on African Philosophy, edited by H. Odera Oruka. Leiden, Netherlands: E. J. Brill, 1990. 223-248 pp. SUBJECTS: Ideologies. KEYWORDS: African philosophy. Offers a critique of the dominant voice in Western philosophy, showing how that tendency structures the context and terms of the contemporary debate about philosophy in Africa. Discusses various responses by Africans to this situation. 2988 Oyovbaire, S. Egite. "The tyranny of borrowed paradigms and the responsibility of political science: The Nigerian experience." In: Political Science in Africa: A Critical Review, edited by Yolamu R. Barongo. London: Zed, 1983.239-254 pp. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Research methodology, Political theory, Higher education, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: neoliberal paradigm; neo-Marxist paradigm; idealism; political science discipline. 2989 Oyugi, Walter O. "Bureaucracy and democracy in Africa." In: Democratic Theory and Practice in Africa, edited by Walter O. Oyugi, E. S. Atieno Odhiambo, Michael Chege, and Afrifa K. Gitonga. Portsmouth, New Hampshire: Heinemann, 1988. 99-110 pp. SUBJECTS: Democracy, Government bureaucracy. KEYWORDS: political underdevelopment. Presents some thoughts on the relationship between the public bureaucracy and society in Africa. Focuses on whether this relationship can yield practices that could be generally characterized as democratic or undemocratic. Addresses to what extent bureaucracy can contribute or be made to contribute to the establishment of a democratic system in Africa. 2990 Oyugi, Walter O., E. S. Atieno Odhiambo, Michael Chege, and Afrifa K. Gitonga, eds. Democratic Theory and Practice in Africa.

188 • AFRICA/Politics Portsmouth, New Hampshire: Heinemann, 1988. 237 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Uganda, Kenya. SUBJECTS: Democracy, Political theory, Women's political role, Political economy studies, Traditional society, One-party system. Offers a synthesis based on a variety of democratic theories and practices. Argues that the key to democracy is good, fair, and just government. Addresses the foundations on which a democratic system is or can be built. Seeks to identify social, political, and economic conditions that make democracy possible. 2991 Parpart, Jane L. "Women and the state in Africa." In: The Precarious Balance: State and Society in Africa, edited by Donald Rothchild and Naomi Chazan. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1988. 208-230 pp. SUBJECTS: Women's political role, Women's studies, State politics, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: women's organizations; OMA (Organization of Angolan Women). Discusses the history of African women in politics since the colonial era and the current struggle for full participation in government. Suggests new directions that women's organizations might take in political activism. 2992 Person, Yves. "Réflexions sur Marx et le socialisme africain." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 182/183 (1981): 16-37. SUBJECTS: Socialism, Marxism, Socialist economy, Colonialism, Nation-state, Capitalist economy, Class analysis. KEYWORDS: African socialism. 2993 Phillips, Claude S. The African Political Dictionary. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-Clio, 1984. 245 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Geographical analysis, Political analysis, Anthropological analysis, Colonialism, Political culture, Political ideology, Legal system. KEYWORDS: UK-Africa relations; US-Africa relations; USSR-Africa relations; OAU; Nkrumah, Kwame. 2994 Piame-Ololo, Nono Lutula. "La Jeunesse et la politique en Afrique noire." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 215/216 (1983): 11-17. SUBJECTS: Youth issues, Political culture, Revolutionary movement, Political ideology. 2995 Prouzet, Michel. "Participation populaire et aménagement urbain: esquisse d'une problématique." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 201/202 (1982): 58-75. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Urban development, Development planning, Foreign aid, Urban planning policy, Democracy, Socialist development. KEYWORDS: development participation. 2996 Radu, Michael. "Ideology, parties and foreign policy in SubSaharan Africa." Orbis 25, no. 4 (Winter 1982): 967-991. SUBJECTS : Political ideology, Marxism-Leninism, International relations, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: African Marxism; African socialism. 2997 Radu, Michael S. "Ideology, parties, and foreign policy in Sub-Saharan Africa." In: Africa in the Post-Decolonization Era, edited by Richard E. Bissell and Michael S. Radu. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction, 1984. 15-40 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Marxist analysis, Economic development, Political ideology, Political parties, Marxism. KEYWORDS: MPLA; FRELIMO; African Marxism. 2998 Ramphal, Shridath S. Nkrumah and the Eighties: Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Lectures 1980. London: Third World Foundation, 1981. 34 pp. ALSO COVERS: Ghana. SUBJECTS: Leadership analysis, Colonialism, Nationalism, Economic development, Political development, Pan-Africanism, Nonaligned nation. KEYWORDS: Nkrumah, Kwame. 2999 Ratcliffe, Barrie M. "Economics of the partition of Africa:

Methods and recent research trends." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 15, no. 1 (1981): 3-32. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Political ideology, MarxismLeninism. 3000 Rey, Pierre-Phillipe. "Production et contre-révolution." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 19, no. 1 (1985): 127-140. biblio. SUBJECTS: Development theory, Economic theory, Marxist analysis, Political theory, Anthropological analysis. KEYWORDS: Hegel, Georg W. F.; Althusser, Louis. 3001 Reyntjens, Filip. "Recent developments in the public law of Francophone African states." Journal of African Law 30, no. 2 (Autumn 1986): 75-90. SUBJECTS: Law, Constitutional law, Political parties, Socialism, Military government. KEYWORDS: Francophone Africa. Examines the development of public law and political parties in French-speaking Africa after 25 years of independence. Other topics include executive-legislative relations, socialism, and the role of the army in French-speaking African states. Assesses the present state of affairs in comparison with the English-speaking countries. 3002 Robinson, Cedric J. Black Marxism: The Making of the Black Radical Tradition. London: Zed, 1983. 487 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Marxism, Political history, Political analysis, Radical movement. KEYWORDS: African Marxism. 3003 Robinson, Pearl T., and Elliott P. Skinner, eds. Transformation and Resiliency in Africa: As Seen by Afro-American Scholars. Washington, DC: Howard University Press, 1983. 277 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Kenya, Niger. SUBJECTS: Rural-urban migration, Women's studies, Division of labor, Political development, Stateowned enterprise, Political analysis, Traditional authority. KEYWORDS: Kitui Kamba people; African-Americans; Tibiri, Niger; Haile Selassie I; Marafa, Moussa. 3004 Ronen, Dov, ed. Democracy and Pluralism in Africa. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1986. 220 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Botswana, Somalia. SUBJECTS: Military intervention, Colonialism, Ethnicity, Democracy, Political system. Presents a collection of papers presented at a symposium organized by the Africa Research Program at Harvard University's Center for International Affairs in November, 1984 held at Queenstown, Maryland. Consists of a variety of perspectives on the problems facing democracy and pluralism in Africa. 3005 Ross, Howard. "Marxism in African politics." African Studies Association Papers 24, no. 106 (October 1981): 1-14. ALSO COVERS: Angola, Ethiopia. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Trade union, Marxism, Military aid, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: women's organizations; USSR-Africa relations; FRELIMO. 3006 Rothchild, Donald, and Michael W. Foley. "African states and the politics of inclusive coalitions." In: The Precarious Balance: State and Society in Africa, edited by Donald Rothchild and Michael W. Foley. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1988.233-264pp. SUBJECTS: Elite analysis, Political power, Government analysis, Government bureaucracy, Political alliance. KEYWORDS: coalition government. Analyzes the creation of coalition governments that seek to represent all power groups through appointments to government posts. Mentions the importance of coalition governments in reducing opposition to established regimes. Notes the difficulty of creating coalitions in the African context. 3007 Rothchild, Donald. "Hegemony and state softness: Some variations in elite responses." In: The African State in Transition, edited by Zaki Ergas. London: Macmillan, 1987.117-148 pp. SUBJECTS: State

AFRIC A / P o l i tics • 1 8 9 power, Political elite, Centralized authority. KEYWORDS: UNITA; MPLA; Dergue. Analyzes the role of political elites in African governments. Discusses issues of centralization versus decentralization and the support of these opposing views of organization by various political elites. Notes the tendancy of political elites to form large governmental institutions in the hopes of exerting increased levels of control. 3008 Rothchild, Donald, and Victor A. Olorunsola. "Managing competing state and ethnic claims." In: State Versus Ethnic Claims: African Policy Dilemmas, edited by Donald Rothchild and Victor A. Olorunsola. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1983. 1-24 pp. SUBJECTS: State government, Ethnic politics, Policy analysis, Ethnic conflict. 3009 Rothchild, Donald, and Victor A. Olorunsola, eds. State Versus Ethnic Claims: African Policy Dilemmas. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1983. 356 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa, Somalia. SUBJECTS: Government analysis, Ethnic politics, State politics, Policy analysis, Federalism, Ethnic conflict, Independence movement.

ministration will be an organization that inhibits rather than facilitates growth. 3016 Ryabov, F. G. "Karl Marx and the colonial issue." Africa in Soviet Studies (1985): 7-15. SUBJECTS: Class analysis, Colonialism, Communism, Marxist analysis, Biography, Capitalism, National liberation movement. KEYWORDS: Marx, Karl. 3017 Samoff, Joel. "Class, class conflict, and the state in Africa." Political Science Quarterly 97, no. 1 (1982): 105-127. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Marxist analysis, Nation state, Underdevelopment, State formation, Class conflict. 3018 Samoff, Joel. "Socialist programs and socialist struggle." African Studies Association Papers 25, no. 95 (November 1982): 1-8. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Economic development, Agricultural production, Economic dependency, Marxist analysis, Socialism. KEYWORDS: Arusha Declaration 1967.

3010 Rothchild, Donald. "State-ethnic relations in Middle Africa." In: African Independence: The First Twenty-Five Years, edited by Gwendolen M. Carter and Patrick O'Meara. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1985. 71-96 pp. ALSO COVERS: Kenya, Zambia. SUBJECTS: Ethnic politics, Government analysis, Policy analysis, Hegemony. KEYWORDS: state-ethnic relations; KANU (Kenya African National Union).

3019 Sandbrook, Richard. "Hobbled Leviathians: Constraints on state formation in Africa." International Journal 41, no. 4 (Autumn 1986): 707-733. SUBJECTS: State formation, Authoritarian government, Taxation policy, Political violence, Conflict, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: McNamara, Robert S. Stresses that state formation in Africa is less than a century old, and that there is as yet only a small bourgeoisie in place in most African nations. Argues that the personal rule in many countries is an outgrowth of their patrimonial heritage and will remain as long as there is an absence of genuine ideological divisions within the political elite.

3011 Rothchild, Donald, and Michael Foley. "The implications of scarcity for governance in Africa." Revue internationale de science politiquelInternational Political Science Review 4, no. 3 (1983): 311326. SUBJECTS: Decentralization, Privatization, Market economy, Government analysis. KEYWORDS: Harambee ideology, Kenya.

3020 Sandbrook, Richard. "Is socialism possible in Africa?" The Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics 19, no. 2 (July 1981): 197-207. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Socialism, Underdevelopment, Marxism-Leninism, Capitalism, Dependency theory, Literature review. KEYWORDS: African socialism.

3012 Rothchild, Donald, and Naomi Chazan, eds. The Precarious Balance: State and Society in Africa. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1988. 357 pp. SUBJECTS: Political analysis, Historical analysis, Nation-state, State power. Examines the changes that have occured in the African nationstate since the end of colonial rule. Analyzing these changes from the perpective of the nation-state's influence on society, politics, and world affairs.

3021 Sandbrook, Richard. "Liberal democracy in Africa: A socialist-revisionist perspective." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 22, no. 2 (1988): 240-269. ALSO COVERS: Senegal, Botswana. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Democracy, Human rights, Political development, Democratization, Class analysis. Questions the degree and stability of representative or liberal democracy in Africa with brief specific examples. Examines relations of democracy with poverty and the instabilities engendered by the world economy that inhibit but do not prevent growth of a liberal democracy.

3013 Runov, B. B. "Scientific and technological revolution and progress of African countries." Africa in Soviet Studies (1984): 55-69. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Technology transfer, Transnational corporations, Research and development, Natural resource management, Capitalism, Socialism. 3014 Rweyemamu, A. H. "The political environment of public administration in Africa." Journal of Contemporary African Studies 3, no. 1/2 (October 1983/April 1984): 3-19. ALSO COVERS: Ghana, Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Public administration, Development planning, Marxism, Modernization, Self-determination. KEYWORDS: Nkrumah, Kwame; Nyerere, Julius K. 3015 Rweyemamu, A. H. "The political environment of public administration in Africa." In: The Ecology of Public Administration and Management in Africa, edited by the African Association for Public Administration and Management. New Delhi, India: Vikas, 1986. 82-98 pp. SUBJECTS: Democracy, Public administration, Civil service, Nationalism. KEYWORDS: political legitimacy. Maintains that it is impossible to make economic, political, and social progress without a well-trained and motivated administrative and managerial cadre. States that until African governments reorganize themselves to increase accountability to the people, the ad-

3022 Sandbrook, Richard. "Personnalisation du pouvoir et stagnation capitaliste: l'état africain en crise." Politique africaine no. 26 (June 1987): 15-40. SUBJECTS: Personalized leadership, Development theory, State intervention, Capitalist economy, Economic crisis, Informal sector. KEYWORDS: patrimonial system. Examines to what degree political and institutional context affects capitalist development in Africa. States that personalized rule and economic crises have promoted an illicit economy. Argues that local markets and local economies can go a long way toward improving economic development Africa. 3023 Sandbrook, Richard, and Judith Barker. The Politics of Africa's Economic Stagnation. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1985. 180 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Capitalism, Colonialism, Leadership analysis, Personalized leadership. 3024 Sanon, J. Bemardin. Images socio-politiques dans le roman négro-africain. Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada: Naaman, 1983.287 pp. SUBJECTS: Arts, Traditional political system, State formation.

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KEYWORDS: political literature; fiction; literary criticism.

KEYWORDS: arms sales; Brazil-Africa relations.

3025 Sarfo, Kwasi. The Political Structure of African States. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt, 1988.114 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Political analysis, One-party system, Socialism, Military government, Apartheid, P o l i t i c a l d e v e l o p m e n t , A u t h o r i t a r i a n g o v e r n m e n t . KEYWORDS: minority rule. Appraises the differences and/or similarities between African political systems in terms of leadership, structural, and other composite characteristics. Seeks to investigate contemporary political phenomena in Africa. Sorts African political systems into appropriate structural typologies.

3033 Séminaire philosophique de Kinshasa, ed. Philosophie et droits de l'homme. Kinshasa, Zaire: Faculté de théologie catholique, 1982. 492 pp. biblio, other docs. SUBJECTS: Human rights, Religion, Traditional society, Political culture, Political theory. KEYWORDS: HCR (Haut commissariat aux réfugiés); CIRG (Comité international pour les réfugiés); Fridtjof Nansen; UN.

3026 Saul, John S. "Ideology in Africa: Decomposition and Recomposition." In: African Independence: The First Twenty-Five Years, edited by Gwendolen M. Carter and Patrick O'Meara. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1985. 301-329 pp. ALSO COVERS: Mozambique. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Populism, Marxist analysis, Capitalism. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; African Marxism. 3027 Scarritt, James R. "Explanation of African politics and society: Toward a synthesis of approaches." Journal ofAfrican Studies 13, no. 3 (Fall 1986): 85-93. tables. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Underdevelopment, Political theory, Modernization, Class formation. Presents two major theoretical reorientations in the study of African politics and society: from focusing on the colonial government and the ethnographic present to focusing on modernization and economic development; and toward focusing on underdevelopment, dependence, and class formation and conflict. This article suggest how a synthesis of elements taken from each approach will provide the most satisfactory explanation of African politics and society. 3028 Scarritt, James R. "Socialist states and human rights measurement in Africa." Africa Today 32, no. 1/2 (1985): 25-36. ALSO COVERS: Ethiopia, Mozambique. SUBJECTS: Socialism, Human rights, Marxism. 3029 Scheven, Yvette. Bibliographies for African Studies, 19801983. New York: K. G. Saur, 1984. 300 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Economic development, Agricultural development, Public administration, Women's political role, Political development, Urbanization. 3030 Schultheis, Michael J. "The World Bank and accelerated development: The internationalization of supply-side economics." The African Studies Review 27, no. 4 (December 1984): 9-16. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Capitalism, Food scarcity, Capitalism. KEYWORDS: World Bank; Berg Report 1981; Lagos Plan of Action 1980; OAU. 3031 Sedov, P. L. "Petty-bourgeois economic models for developing countries." Africa in Soviet Studies (1988): 35-55. SUBJECTS: Personalized leadership, Economic dependency, Industrialization, Ideological conflict. KEYWORDS: Council for Mutual Economic Assistance; Asia-Africa relations; Latin America-Africa relations. Examines the socioeconomic development of newly free states and the ideolgical conflict between socialist and capitalist models. Claims that leftist, petty-bourgeois economists in capitalist countries have attempted to convince people in newly free countries that extreme leftist models constitute a reliable means of development. 3032 Selchen, Wayne A. "Brazil-Africa relations: Third World alternatives for development and security." In: African Security Issues: Sovereignty, Stability and Solidarity, edited by Bruce E. Arlinghaus. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1984. 59-75 pp. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Political analysis, Economic policy, Capitalism, Military aid, National security.

3034 Seminaire Politique Culturelle et Unité Africaine. Communications présentées au seminaire politique culturelle et unité africaine. Niamey, Niger: OAU, 1982. 108 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Côte d'Ivoire. SUBJECTS: Cultural policy, Political development, Traditional political system, State formation, Religion. KEYWORDS: Hausa people. 3035 Senghor, Jeggan. "The ideal environment and the ecology of public administration in Africa." In: The Ecology ofPublic Administration and Management in Africa, edited by the African Association for Public Administration and Management. New Delhi, India: Vikas, 1986. 32-49 pp. SUBJECTS: Political development, Government bureaucracy, Public administration, Mass communication. Focuses on the international aspect of administrative development and ecology. Analyzes how non-African ideas and administrative methods have influenced the development of the African bureaucracy. Examines how changing communication technology has facilitated the flow of ideas and their influence on developing nations. 3036 Shaw, Timothy M., and Julius E. Nyang'oro. "Corporatism in African in the 1990s: Toward a new African studies?" In: Corporatism in Africa: Comparative Analysis and Practice, edited by Timothy M. Shaw and Julius E. Nyang'oro. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1989. 1-15 pp. SUBJECTS: Political analysis, Government analysis. KEYWORDS: corporatism; state-society relations. Addresses the application of corporatism to the African continent, noting that the concept may actually be on its way out. Argues that its application may provide insights into state-society relations. 3037 Shaw, Timothy M. "Popular participation in non-governmental structures in Africa: Implications for democratic development."Africa Today 37, no. 3 (1990): 5-22. SUBJECTS: Nongovernmental organization, Political participation, Democracy, Informal sector. Notes that the economic crisis in Africa is paralleled by a rise in popular participation in both the political and economic arenas, filling the space left vacant by the state. Considers the relationship between informal social organization and the formal sector and its internal and international dimensions. 3038 Shaw, Timothy M. "State of crisis: International constraints, contradictions, and capitalism?" In: The Precarious Balance: State and Society in Africa, edited by Donald Rothchild and Michael W. Foley. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1988.307-322 pp. SUBJECTS: Capitalism, Economic inequality, Political economy studies, Marxist analysis. KEYWORDS: OAU; ECA. Analyzes the transitions going on in African states as they come into maturity and are confronted with a call for a New International Economic Order. Uses a Marxist framework to discuss the role of capitalism in the economic marginalization of Africa. 3039 Shaw, Timothy M. "The future of the great powers in Africa: Towards a political economy of intervention." The Journal of Modern African Studies 21, no. 3 (December 1983): 555-586. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Power politics, Colonialism, Neocolonialism, Economic crisis. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980. 3040 Shivji, Issa G. Fight My Beloved Continent: New Democracy in Africa. Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe: SAPES Trust, 1988. 40 pp. ALSO COVERS: Zimbabwe. SUBJECTS: Resistance movement,

AFR I C A / P o l i tics • 1 9 1 Capitalism, Socialism, Democracy, Working class, Student protest. Argues that Africa is seen as a continent of woe and suffering characterized by passivity and docility rather than a continent that has fought and struggled. Describes some of these struggles against US imperialism and capitalism. Calls for a national democratic revolution across Africa. 3041 Shivji, Issa G. "Seven theses on reform and revolution." Journal of African Marxists no. 4 (September 1983): 45-53. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Marxism-Leninism, Elite analysis. 3042 Sil, Narasingha P. "Rhetoric and reality of socialism in the Third World: A review of African experience." Africa Quarterly 27, no. 1/2 (1987): 43-56. SUBJECTS: Marxism, Socialism, Political ideology. KEYWORDS: Marx, Karl; ASUU (Academic Staff Union of Universities); African socialism. Analyzes the development of Marxist ideology in Africa. Uses the viewpoints of several scholars to examine Marxism as a Western ideology and its appropriateness to African society in general. Several African socialist models are used as ideological examples. 3043 Sinda, Martial. "L'Etat africain postcolonial: les forces sociales et les communautés religieuses dans l'état postcolonial en Afrique." Présence africaine 127/128 (1983): 240-260. ALSO COVERS: Congo, Zaire. SUBJECTS: Religion, State formation, Traditional political system. KEYWORDS: Kimbanguism. 3044 S i n e , Babacar. "Cadres et élites africains devant la démocratisation de la décision." Présence africaine 117/118 (1981): 329-332. SUBJECTS: Democracy, Colonialism, Government bureaucracy, Elite analysis. 3045 Sine, Babacar. Le Marxisme devant les sociétés africaines contemporaines. Paris: Présence Africaine, 1983. 202 pp. SUBJECTS : Marxism-Leninism, Pan-Africanism, Imperialism, Economic development. KEYWORDS: African Marxism; Nkrumah, Kwame; Nyerere, Julius K.; Senghor, Léopold Sédar. 3046 Sklar, Richard. "Democracy in Africa." In: Political Domination in Africa: Reflections on the Limits of Power, edited by Patrick Chabal. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1986. 17-29 pp. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Democracy, State government, Consociational democracy. KEYWORDS: democratic socialism. Discusses the various forms of democracy as they exist in Africa today. Distinguishes and details five main types of democracy: liberal, guided, social, participatory, and consociational. Concludes that democracy needs to take up the challenge of development and therefore stresses the African need for a developmental democracy. 3047 Sklar, Richard L. "Democracy in Africa." The African Studies Review 26, no. 3/4 (September/December 1983): 11-24. SUBJECTS: Consociational democracy, Political participation, Democracy. 3048 Sklar, Richard L. "Democracy in Africa." African Studies Association Papers 25, no. 106 (November 1982): 1-30. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Democracy, State government, Consociational democracy, Military government, One-party system. 3049 Sklar, Richard L. Democracy in Africa. Los Angeles, California: University of California, 1982. 23 pp. SUBJECTS: Democracy, Political analysis, Nationalism, Federalism, Political ideology. 3050 Sklar, Richard L. "Developmental democracy." Comparative Studies in Society and History 29, no. 4 (October 1987): 686-714. SUBJECTS: Democracy, Political theory, Political system. KEYWORDS: pluralism. Discusses the need to construct developmental democracy in the Third World, concluding that failure to do so could lead to tragic

consequences. States that accountability is the most widely recognized part of democracy. 3051 Smith, Anthony D. State and Nation in the Third World: The Western State and African Nationalism. New York : St. Martin's, 1983. 171 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Communism, Imperialism, Ethnicity, Class analysis, Populism. KEYWORDS: African nationalism. 3052 Smith, Sheila, and John Sender. "Reply to Samir Amin." Third World Quarterly 5, no. 3 (July 1983): 650-656. SUBJECTS: International relations, Capitalism, Socialism, Populism. KEYWORDS: Amin, Samir; de-linking. 3053 Southall, Aidan. "The rain fell on its own: The Alur theory of development and its Western counterparts." The African Studies Review 31, no. 2 (September 1988): 1-14. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Uganda. SUBJECTS: Development theory, Foreign aid, Capitalism, Socialism, Agricultural development. KEYWORDS: self-management; World Bank; Alur people. Describes how the dominant Alar monopolized the imaginary means of production of the surrounding groups. Suggests that the West now does the same through such agencies as the World Bank, a situation which has contributed to the economic decline of Africa. Argues for African solutions to contemporary problems. 3054 Srinivasan, Padma. "Tradition, culture, and ideology in African political development." Africa Quarterly 21, no. 1 (1981): 24-38. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Constitutional law, Traditional society, Political development. 3055 Staniland, Martin. "Democracy and ethnocentrism." In: Political Domination in Africa: Reflections on the Limits of Power, edited by Patrick Chabal. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1986. 52-70 pp. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Democracy, Imperialism. KEYWORDS: Ake, Claude; Almond, Gabriel Abraham; ethnocentrism. Discusses the historical and conceptual problems of the critique of ethnocentrism and examines earlier writing in order to assess the fairness of the standard critique aimed at American theorists. 3056 Stone, John. "Ethnicity versus the state: The dual claims of state coherence and ethnic self-determination." In: State Versus Ethnic Claims: African Policy Dilemmas, edited by Donald Rothchild and Victor A. Olorunsola. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1983. 85-99 pp. SUBJECTS: Centralization, Self-determination, Government analysis, Liberation movement, Ethnicity, Resource distribution, Apartheid. 3057 Swanepoel, H. J. "African socialism." In: Development Policies and Approaches in Southern Africa, edited by D. A. Kotzé. Pretoria, RSA: Academica, 1983.69-85 pp. SUBJECTS: Socialism, Ideologies, Economic development, Marxism-Leninism, Wealth redistribution. KEYWORDS: African socialism. 3058 Sy, Seydou Madani. "Formes et structures de l'état: l'état multinational et le pluralisme politique." Présence africaine 127/128 (1983): 298-307. SUBJECTS: State formation, Ethnicity, Democracy, Federalism. KEYWORDS: multinational state; pluralism; multiparty system. 3059 Sylla, Lancine. "Succession of the charismatic leader: The Gordian knot of African politics." Dœdalus 111, no. 2 (1982): 11-28. SUBJECTS: Democratization, Ethnicity, Leadership analysis, Political succession. 3060 Tangri, Roger. Politics in Sub-Saharan Africa. Portsmouth, New Hampshire: Heinemann, 1985. 156 pp. biblio, maps. SUBJECTS: Political development, Class conflict, International relations,

192

• AFRICA/Pol it i es

Political control, Decolonization. 3061 Tchivounda, Guillaume Pambou. Essai sur l'état africain postcolonial. Paris: Librairie Générale de Droit et de Jurisprudence, 1982. 165 pp. SUBJECTS: State formation, Authoritarian government, Judicial system, Ethnicity, Economic development, Legal development, Democracy. 3062 Terray, Emmanual. "Sociétés segmentaires, chefferies, états: acquis et problèmes." Canadian Journal of African StudieslRevue canadienne des études africaines 19, no. 1 (1985): 106-115. biblio. ALSO COVERS: West Africa. SUBJECTS: Traditional society, Political ideology, Centralized authority, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: modes of production. 3063 Terray, Emmanuel, ed. L'Etat contemporaine en Afrique. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1987. 418 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: State power, Nation building, Policy analysis, Historical analysis, Ethnic politics, Natural resource management. KEYWORDS: civil society; AVB (Autorité pour l'Aménagement de la Vallée du Bandama); ARSO (Autorité pour l'Aménagement de la Région du Sudouest); ECOWAS. Presents essays that address the complex reality of modern African states in terms of civil society, tradition, modernity, social classes, internal dynamics, and external pressures. Claims that previous analytical methods are no longer capable of demonstrating the complex reality of contemporary African states. 3064 Tetzlaff, Rainer. "The social basis of political rule in Africa: Problems of legitimacy and prospects for democracy." In: Democracy and the One-Party State in Africa, edited by Peter Meyns and Dani Wadada Nabudere. Hamburg, West Germany: Institute fiir AfrikaKunde, 1989. 25-56 pp. SUBJECTS: Socioeconomic analysis, Democracy, Government analysis, Bourgeoisie. Looks at the evolution of political rule and prospects for democracy in Africa in light of postindependence processes of social and economic development. Suggests that socioeconomic crises and undemocratic government tend to reinforce each other. 3065 Thomas, Goudou. "L'O. U. A.: institution lacunaire et stratigraphique: un exemple: l'admission de la R. A. S. D." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 201/202 (1982): 35-57. SUBJECTS: Political independence, Territorial sovereignty, Liberation movement. KEYWORDS: OAU; SADR (Saharan Arab Democratic Republic). 3066 Tordoff, William. Government and Politics in Africa. London: Macmillan, 1984. 352 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Ghana, Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Nationalism, Political parties, Military government, Government analysis, Government bureaucracy. KEYWORDS: OAU; ECOWAS; SADCC; ALC (African Liberation Committee); CPP (Convention People's Party). 3067 Touré, Ben Yacine. Afrique, l'épreuve de l'indépendance. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1983. 160 pp. SUBJECTS: Political independence, Economic integration, Development planning, State formation, Regional development, National liberation movement, Education policy. 3068 Toyo, Eskor. "Primary requirements for the unity of political science and economics." In: Political Science in Africa: A Critical Review, edited by Yolamu R. Barongo. London: Zed, 1983. 112-128 pp. SUBJECTS: Marxism, Higher education, Political theory, Literature review. KEYWORDS: political science discipline; economics. 3069 Ugboajah, Frank Okwu. "De-linking the Western professional model: Introduction to Part III." In: Mass Communication, Culture and Society in West Africa, edited by Frank Okwu Ugboajah. Oxford,

UK: Hans Zeli, 1985. 179-186 pp. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria, Ghana. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Mass communication, Colonialism, Military government. KEYWORDS: newspapers; world news agency. 3070 Ulyanovsky, R. A. 'The Soviet Socialist Federation and newlyfree countries." Africa in Soviet Studies (1983): 66-78. SUBJECTS: International relations, Marxism-Leninism, Imperialism, Racism, Democracy, National liberation movement, Self-determination. 3071 UNESCO. Le Concept de pouvoir en Afrique. Paris: UNESCO, 1981. 191 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: State formation, Traditional political system, Traditional society, Nation-state, Power politics, Traditional authority. 3072 Ungar, Sanford J. Africa: The People and Politics of an Emerging Continent. Rev. ed. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1986. 543 pp. biblio, maps. SUBJECTS: Political development, Political history, Case study, Social change, Economic history. Examines the political and economic history and future of Africa using case studies. Outlines the lasting influences of colonialism and analyzes Africa's efforts to free the continent from external control. Discusses the current situation and forecasts the continent's political and economic challenges to come. 3073 van Rensburg, A. P. J. Africa's Men of Destiny. Pretoria, RS A: De Jager-HAUM, 1981.557 pp. biblio, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic cooperation, Leadership analysis, Coup d'état, Political power, Military government, Marxism. KEYWORDS: OAU. 3074 Vangah, Francis Wodie. "Régimes militaires et constitutionnalisme en Afrique." Penant: revue de droit des pays d'Afrique no. 803 (June/September 1990): 195-204. SUBJECTS: Political power, Military government, Constitutional development, Personalized leadership. KEYWORDS: Mobutu Sese Seko; political legitimacy. Analyzes the conflict between military government and constitutionalism in Africa. Looks at the negation and banalization of constitutionalists by military governments, the consolidation of personal power, and political legitimacy of military or personal government. 3075 Vemba, Tamba. "La Mission d'une élite en détresse." ZaïreAfrique 154 (April 1981): 233-241. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Political elite, Political independence, Political reform. 3076 Versi, Anver. "Social change and political instability: The search for an African philosophy." In: Africa in World Politics: Changing Perspectives, edited by Stephen Wright and Janice N. Brownfoot. Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan, 1987. 110-119 pp. SUBJECTS: Civilian government, Political instability, Authoritarian government. KEYWORDS: Ujamaa ideology, Tanzania. Discusses the widespread instability currently found in African states. Places responsibility for difficulty of postindependence rule on colonial intrusion, which displaced traditional patterns of authority. Cites the growth of corruption, the trend toward authoritarianism, and the disillusionment with civilian rule as serious problems within Africa. 3077 Wallace-Bruce, Nii Lante. "Africa and the international law— The emergence to statehood." The Journal of Modern African Studies 23, no. 4 (December 1985): 575-602. ALSO COVERS: Ghana, Mali. SUBJECTS: International law, Colonialism, Historical analysis, Government analysis, Foreign policy, Bantustan, Political independence. KEYWORDS: statehood. 3078 Wallerstein, Immanuel. "Comment on epistemology: What is Africa?" Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des

AFRICA/Politics • 1 9 3 études africaines 22, no. 2 (1988): 331-333. SUBJECTS: Political ideology. KEYWORDS: particularism; universalism. Presents a debate on the concept of Africa in the context of universal scientific knowledge and insists that the debate between particularism and universalism is defunct as long as the universal entity is a world system. 3079 Wallerstein, Immanuel. "Nationalism and the world transition to socialism: Is there a crisis?" Third World Quarterly 5, no. 1 (January 1983): 95-102. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Marxism, Capitalist economy, Marxist analysis, Political change. 3080 Wallerstein, Immanuel. "The integration of the national liberation movement in the field of international liberation." In: Proletarianization and Class Struggle in Africa, edited by Bernard Magubane and Nzongola-Ntalaja. San Francisco, California: Synthesis, 1983. 166-171 pp. SUBJECTS: Capitalist economy, Uneven development, International economic system, Socialism, Dependency theory, National liberation movement, Political integration. 3081 Wamalwa, W. N. "The political environment of public administration and management in Africa." In: The Ecology of Public Administration and Management in Africa, edited by the African Association for Public Administration and Management. New Delhi, India: Vikas, 1986. 59-81 pp. SUBJECTS: Public administration, Administration, Political development. Discusses the environmental (political and social) influences that affect the development and functioning of an administrative system. Focuses on the political structure and the way in which political demands influence the administrative decisionmaking process. 3082 Wamba-dia-Wamba, E. "Le Palabre comme pratique de la critique et de l'autocritique sur le plan de la communaute." Journal of African Marxists no. 7 (March 1985): 35-50. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Traditional legal system, Local government, Conflict resolution. 3083 Wanyande, Peter. "Democracy and the one-party state: The African experience." In: Democratic Theory and Practice in Africa, edited by Walter O. Oyugi, E. S. Atieno Odhiambo, Michael Chege, and Afrifa K. Gitonga. Portsmouth, New Hampshire: Heinemann, 1988. 71-85 pp. SUBJECTS: Democracy, Political analysis, Oneparty system, Electoral process, Parliamentary government, Political participation. Summarizes some of the major arguments in support of the one-party system of government. Presents data to show how undemocratic one-party systems have been due to their manipulation in the interests of power holders. Concludes that the one-party system is incompatible with democracy and democratic politics. 3084 Warren, Dennis M., and Peter Blunt. "Decentralization in Ghana: The impact on organizational effectiveness of management training among district and regional-level officials." Journal of Contemporary African Studies 3, no. 1/2 (October 1983/April 1984): 35-50. tables. ALSO COVERS: Ghana. SUBJECTS: Decentralization, Rural development, Management, Public sector, Local development. KEYWORDS: USAID; Economic and Rural Development Management Project. 3085 Washington, Robert. "Development and deviance: A situational perspective on African governmental corruption." In: The Crisis and Challenge of African Development, edited by Harvey Glickman. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood, 1988. 201-228 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Corruption, Development planning, Government analysis, Economic development. Provides a conceptual reorientation of African governmental corruption. States that it is important to look at it as part of a larger process of social deviance rather than focusing only on governmental

corruption. Uses the phenomenological level of analysis to point toward this new theoretical analysis of corruption. 3086 Watts, Michael. "Good try Paul: Populism and the politics of African land use." The African Studies Review 26, no. 2 (June 1983): 73-83. tables. SUBJECTS: Land-use policy, Populism, Ecological analysis, Economic development, Marxist analysis, Traditional society. KEYWORDS: Richards, Paul; traditional agriculture. 3087 Weede, Erich. "Democracy and war involvement." The Journal of Conflict Resolution 28, no. 4 (1984): 649-664. tables. SUBJECTS: Democratization, Military policy, Democracy, Statistical analysis. 3088 Welch, Claude E., Jr. "The military and the state in Africa: Problems of political transition." In: The African State in Transition, edited by Zaki Ergas. London: Macmillan, 1987. 191-215 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Military government, Political instability, Political change. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Supreme Military Council. Examines the pervasive role of the military in the politics of sub-Saharan Africa. Uses Nigeria as a case study of military rule and its effect upon government. Discusses the factionalism and economic adversity that made Africa in the 1980s conducive to military control. 3089 Welch, Claude, Jr. "From 'armies of Africans' to 'African armies': The evolution of military forces in Africa." In: African Armies, Evolution and Capabilities, edited by Bruce Arlinghaus and Pauline Baker. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1986.13-31 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Military government, Military intervention, Military policy, Political history, Civilian government. Discusses the changing political role played by the military in Africa during the transitional period between colonialism and independence. Argues that the military has never been apolitical and that the coups which followed independence were manifestations of internal politics. 3090 W e n d j o , O k i t a n d j e k a O m a y e k e P. "Les I n s t a n c e s légitimatoires dans l'Afrique traditionelle et dans l'Afrique contemporaine." Les nouvelles rationalités africaines 2, no. 7 (April 1987): 509-529. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Traditional authority, Bourgeoisie, Traditional political system. Examines the economic, political, cultural, and religious aspects of legitimation in traditional African society. Addresses the role that Western intervention has played. 3091 Were, Gideon S. Leadership and Underdevelopment in Africa. Nairobi, Kenya: Gideon S. Were, 1983. 46 pp. biblio, other docs. SUBJECTS: Corruption, National liberation movement, Leadership analysis. KEYWORDS: African nationalism. 3092 Westerlund, David. From Socialism to Islam: Notes on ¡slam as a Political Factor in Contemporary Africa. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institutue of African Studies, 1982. 62 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Political change, Islam, Religious politics, Socialism. 3093 Wiarda, Howard J. "Toward a nonethnocentric theory of development: Alternative conceptions from the Third World." The Journal of Developing Areas 17, no. 4 (July 1983): 433-452. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Development theory, Modernization, Political development. KEYWORDS: Iran February Revolution 1979. 3094 Wiseman, John A. Democracy in Black Africa: Survival and Revival. New York: Paragon House, 1990. 228 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Botswana, Gambia. SUBJECTS: Democracy, Military government. KEYWORDS: UK-Africa relations. Analyzes the chances for and existence of democracy in Africa. Notes the long-lasting democracy in Botswana, Gambia, and Mauritius. Examines the fragility of democracy in Zimbabwe and its

194 • AFRICA/Politics revival in Nigeria, Senegal, and Ghana. Explores the partial democracy in Uganda, Liberia, Sudan, Burkina Faso, and Mauritania. 3095 Young, Crawford. Ideology and Development in Africa. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University, 1982. 376 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Political ideology, Populism, Superpower politics. KEYWORDS: Africa Project of the Council on Foreign Relations; African Marxism. 3096 Young, Crawford. "The African colonial state and its political legacy." In: The Precarious Balance: State and Society in Africa, edited by Donald Rothchild and Naomi Chazan. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1988. 25-66 pp. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Nation state, Political crisis, State power. Discusses the plight of postcolonial African governments in light of the legacy of the colonial governments that preceded them. Suggests that some of the behavioral patterns inherited from the colonial governments continue in the current regimes. 3097 Zeleza, Tiyambe. "African sugar in the world market." Journal of Eastern African Research and Development 18 (1988): 1-23. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Dependency theory, PanAfricanism, Underdevelopment. KEYWORDS: sugar. Explores the history of sugar production throughout Africa. Asserts that sugar, introduced by the colonizers, was cultivated in order for Western industry to profit. Concludes sugar continues to be produced throughout Africa and its production typifies the problem of dependency faced by most African nations. SEE ALSO 5066, 5971, 6669, 9692, 9711, 9822, 9841, 9944,12358, 14501.

Population

3098 Acsadi, George T. F., Gwendolyn Johnson-Acsadi, and Rodolfo A. Bulatao, eds. Population Growth and Reproduction in SubSaharan Africa . Technical Analyses ofFertility andlts Consequences. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1990. 251 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Population growth, Demographic analysis, Economic analysis, Urban growth, Household analysis, Fertility, Family planning. KEYWORDS: reproduction; sterilization. Provides information on the demographic conditions in subSaharan Africa. Examines the economic consequences of population growth from the perspectives of agriculture, household energy, resources, and employment. Discusses the urban component of population growth and various strategies designed to curtail it. Analyzes the impact of reproductive patterns upon the health of women and young children. Explores the causes and consequences of high fertility. Traces the changes during the past decade in the way sub-Saharan government leaders and scholars view population policy and development. Discusses various strategies for delivering family planning services to the region. 3099 Adepoju, Aderanti. "Population redistribution: A review of governmental policies." In: Redistribution of Population in Africa, edited by John I. Clarke and Leszek A. Kosinski. London: Heinemann, 1982. 58-65 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Population distribution, Population policy, Resettlement. 3100 Adepoju, Aderanti, and John I. Clarke. "The demographic background to development in Africa." In: Population and Development Projects in Africa, edited by John I. Clarke, Mustafa Khogali, and Leszek A. Kosinski. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1985. 1-19 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Demographic

analysis, Population distribution, Population policy, Urbanization. 3101 Alibert, Jacques. "Prévisions de l'évolution de la population en Afrique noire." Afrique contemporaine 133 (January/March 1985): 3-11. tables. SUBJECTS : Economic development, Population growth, Demographic analysis, Migration. 3102 Bhende, Asha. "Some demographic aspects of African development." In: Development Issues in Africa, edited by Priya Mutalik-Desai. Bombay, India: Himalaya Publishing House, 1982. 30-43 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: East Africa, Kenya. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Population distribution, Population growth. 3103 Cairo Demographic Centre, ed. Studies in African and Asian Demography. Cairo, Egypt: Cairo Demographic Centre, 1983.765 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania, Ethiopia. SUBJECTS: Employment opportunity, Population distribution, Population growth, Family planning, Demographic analysis, Income inequality, Fertility. KEYWORDS: sterility. 3104 Chamie, Joseph. "Les Positions et politiques gouvernementales en matière de fécondité et de planification familiale." In: Population et sociétés en Afrique au sud du Sahara, edited by DominiqueTabutin. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1988. 167-190 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Population policy, Family planning, Fertility, Population growth. KEYWORDS: Conferences Africaines de Population 1971, 1974. Examines the apparent evolution of government positions and policies relating to fertility and family planning in Africa. Looks at current governmental points of view and how they differ from past points of view. Compares African attitudes with those of other regions and addresses why few countries want to slow their respective population growth rates. 3105 Clarke, John I., Mustafa Khogali, and Leszek A. Kosinski, eds. Population and Development in Africa. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1985. 329 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Rural development, Labor migration, Resettlement, Environmental analysis, Population distribution, Geographical analysis. 3106 Clarke, John I., and Leszek A. Kosinski, eds. Redistribution of Population in Africa. London: Heinemann, 1982. 212 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Geographical analysis, Demographic analysis, Population distribution, Migration. 3107 Coquery-Vidrovitch, Catherine. "Les Populations africaines du passé." In: Population et sociétés en Afrique au sud du Sahara, edited by Dominique Tabutin. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1988. 51-72 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Historical analysis, Colonialism, Agricultural production, Population growth. KEYWORDS: slave trade; disease. Analyzes the demographic history of Africa. Includes study of ecological factors, the slave trade, and the impact of various diseases. Claims that the contemporary population explosion in Africa is a recent phenomenon and that pre-twentieth-century demographic growth did not weigh heavily on the means of subsistence. 3108 Cordell, Dennis D., and Joel W. Gregory, eds. African Population and Capitalism: Historical Perspectives. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1987. 302 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Population growth, Demographic analysis, Capitalism, Historical analysis, Colonialism, Population distribution. States that linking Africa's food crisis to rapid population growth is just one of the symptoms of the ahistorical nature of current demographic research. Argues that African demography evolved in diverse ways and that fertility and mortality in Africa have not always been high.

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3109 de Cola, Lee. "Urban concentration in Africa." African Studies Association Papers 27, no. 25 (October 1984): 1-28. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Decentralization, Rural-urban migration, Population growth, Population density, Population distribution, Urbanization.

rural poor of Africa." The Journal of Modern African Studies 20, no. 1 (March 1982): 45-67. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, Population growth, Family planning, Rural poverty, Population policy. KEYWORDS: US AID; US-Africa relations.

3110 de Cola, Lee. "Urban concentration in Africa." African Urban Quarterly 1, no. 3/4 (August/November 1986): 176-190. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Decentralization, Urbanization, Rural-urban migration, Population growth, Population distribution, Population density, Decentralization. Examines the urban concentrations in African countries, as measured by the number of people who reside in the largest city. Addresses the nature of urban concentration, the statistical and causal differences between levels and kinds of concentrations, and the policy questions surrounding these questions.

3119 Gregory, Joel W., and Victor Piché. "African population: Reproduction for whom?" Dœdalus 111, no. 2 (1982): 179-209. tables. SUBJECTS: Population policy, Demographic analysis, Urb a n i z a t i o n , Statistical analysis, Capitalist d e v e l o p m e n t . KEYWORDS: core-periphery relations.

3111 Dmitrieva, I. V., I. V. Ivahnyuk, P. I. Polshikov, and V. N. Timoshenko. "Demographic situation in Africa." Africa in Soviet Studies (1984): 84-100. tables. SUBJECTS: Family planning, Demographic analysis, Population growth, Religion, Education policy, Literacy. KEYWORDS: teacher training. 3112 EC A. Status and Prospects of Population Policies in ECA Member States. New York: ECA, 1989. 105 pp. tables, maps. SUBJ E C T S : Population growth, Population policy, Fertility. KEYWORDS: immigration; KPA (Kilimanjaor Programme of Action); ECA. Presents information on the status of population policy development in the ECA region before and after the adoption of the KPA. Provides background information on population policy development at the global and regional levels. Assesses the status of population policies in the region on population growth, fertility, spatial distribution, and immigration/emigration. Examines the prospects of population policy development in the region during the 1990s. 3113 ECA. The Demographic Situation in Africa and Future Trends. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: ECA, 1983.24pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Migration, Population growth, Fertility, Population distribution, Mortality rate. 3114 ECA, General Demography Section. International Migration, Population Trends, and Their Implications for Africa. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: ECA, 1983. 167 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Population policy, Demographic analysis, Population distribution, Population growth. 3115 Fargues, Philippe. "La Transition démographique africaine bilan depuis 1950 et perspectives." In: Population et sociétés en Afrique au sud du Sahara, edited by Dominique Tabutin. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1988.73-109 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Population growth, Population density, Mortality rate, Fertility. KEYWORDS: regional diversity. Analyzes Africa's demographic transition since 1950. Looks at factors in population growth and characteristics such as the inequality in density and the interdependence of mortality and fertility. Examines social and regional diversity of the demographic transition and the distribution of young versus old elements in the population. 3116 Gendreau, F. "La Démographie des pays d'Afrique: revue et synthèse." In: Comprendre l'économie en Afrique, edited by Frédéric Gagey. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1985. 24-62 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Population growth, Migration, Urbanization. 3117 Gould, William T. S. "Provision of primary schools and population redistribution." In: Redistribution of Population in Africa, edited by John I. Clarke and Leszek A. Kosinski. London: Heinemann, 1982. 44-49 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Population distribution, Primary education, Demographic analysis. 3118 Green, Edward. "US population, policies, development, and the

3120 Gregory, Joel W., and Victor Piche. The Demographic Process of Peripheral Capitalism Illustrated with African Examples. Montreal, Quebec, Canada: Centre for Developing-Area Studies, McGill University, 1981. 48 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Class struggle, Capitalism, Marxist analysis, Population distribution. 3121 Groupe de Démographie Africaine, ed. L'Evaluation des effectifs de la population des pays africains. Vol. 1 of 2. Paris: Groupe de Démographie Africaine, 1982. 353 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Population growth, Pastoralism, Historical analysis, Migration. KEYWORDS: census. 3122 Groupe de Démographie Africaine, ed. L'Evaluation des effectifs de la population des pays africains. Vol. 2 of 2. Paris: Groupe de Démographie Africaine, 1984. 423 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Population growth, Pastoralism, Historical analysis, Migration. KEYWORDS: census. 3123 Guillaume, Agnès. Perspectives démographiques à l'an 2000 en Afrique. 2 vols. Paris: République Française, Ministère de la Cooperation et du Développement, 1983.692 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Migration, Population distribution. 3124 Henin, R. A. Priorities in Population Programs in Africa. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: ECA, 1983. 15 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Kenya, Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Urban population, Population growth, Population policy, Fertility. KEYWORDS: Nyerere, Julius K.; Moi, Daniel arap. 3125 Hill, Althea. "Population conditions in mainland Sub-Saharan Africa." In: Population Growth and Reproduction in Sub-Saharan Africa: Technical Analyses of Fertility and Its Consequences, edited by George T. F. Acsadi, et al. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1990. 3-27 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS : Demographic analysis, Population distribution, Urbanization, Refugee migration, Fertility, Population growth, Mortality rate. KEYWORDS: child health; World Bank. Surveys population conditions in mainland sub-Saharan Africa. Focuses upon patterns of urbanization and rural settlement, population growth and density, refugee migration, economic migration, and fertility and childhood mortality. 3126 Ho, Teresa J. "Population growth and agricultural productivity." In: Population Growth and Reproduction in Sub-Saharan Africa: Technical Analyses of Fertility and Its Consequences, edited by George T. F. Acsadi, et al. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1990. 31-43 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Population growth, Technological development, Population policy. KEYWORDS: labor productivity. Explores the hypothesis that population growth is causing declines in agricultural productivity in sub-Saharan Africa despite the presence of large untapped land resources. Examines the effects of technological change on agricultural productivity. 3127 Jemai, Hédi. "Pour une approche matérialiste des problèmes de population et développement en Afrique." In: Population et développement en Afrique, edited by Hédi Jemai. Dakar, Senegal: CODESRIA, 1987.1-68 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Capitalism, Popula-

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tion growth, Fertility, Demographic analysis. KEYWORDS: modes of production; World Bank. Examines at the relationship between population growth and development in Africa. Questions the dominant approaches of development organizations in Africa that are seeking to convince the population to reduce family size through family planning. Poses solutions for demographic control. 3128 Kamuzora, C. L. "Critical issues in population-development inter-relationships and policy in sub-Saharan Africa." Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review 4, no. 1 (January 1988): 1-16. biblio. SUBJECTS: Population growth, National development, Fertility, Environmental degradation, Demographic analysis. Insists that population growth has had no negative effect on development in Tanzania but admits such growth does contribute to limits on services. Reviews the debate over the effect of population on development. Considers the role of population growth in environmental degradation, government services, and health. 3129 Kosinski, Leszek A., and John I. Clarke. "African population redistribution—trends, patterns and policies." In: Redistribution of Population in Africa, edited by John I. Clarke and Leszek A. Kosinski. London: Heinemann, 1982. 1-24 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Population distribution, Migration, Urbanization, Government regulation, Demographic analysis. 3130 Kpedekpo, G. M. K. Essentials of Demographic Analysis for Africa. London: Heinemann, 1982. 210 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Research methodology, Demographic analysis, Infant mortality, Marriage, Population distribution. KEYWORDS: internal migration. 3131 Ohadike, Patrick O. Development in Africa: A Socio-economic and Demographic Perspective. Legon, Ghana: Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, 1988. 412 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Demographic analysis, Population growth, Dependency theory, Basic needs. KEYWORDS: social theory; human-centered development. States that the condition of Africans is a paradox: want in plenitude. Highlights some of the social and cultural dimensions of the African development problem. Focuses on what has gone wrong with the evolution of the African economy and what should be done to ameliorate Africans' poor standard of living. 3132 Pinfold, John R., ed. African population census reports: A bibliography and checklist. New York: Hans Zeli, 1985. 100 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Fertility, Population growth, Population density, Population distribution. 3133 Prothero, R. Mansell. "Perspectives on studies of population distribution and redistribution." In: Redistribution of Population in Africa, edited by John I. Clarke and Leszek A. Kosinski. London: Heinemann, 1982. 16-24 pp. SUBJECTS: Population distribution, Migration, Demographic analysis.

Groupe de Démographie Africaine, 1981. 556 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Statistical analysis, Demographic analysis, Population distribution. 3136 Sai, Fred T. "Changing perspectives of population in Africa and international responses." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 87, no. 347 (April 1988): 267-276. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Population growth, Family planning, Population policy. KEYWORDS: World Bank. States that population growth as it exists in Africa is a constraint to development. Concludes that an increase in international assistance is needed to facilitate family planning programs. 3137 Sala-Diakanda, Mpembele. "Démographie africaine: tendances et perspectives." Afrique contemporaine 145 (1988): 3-27. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Migration pattern, Population growth, Urbanization, Mortality rate. KEYWORDS: birth rate; international migration. States that population patterns throughout Africa are measured with regard to birth rate, age structure, nuptiality, mortality, migration, and urbanization. States that population has increased dramatically between 1950 and 1986. Suggests that the population growth rate negatively affects development. 3138 Sala-Diakanda, Mpembele. Relationships Between Population and Certain Development Variables in Africa. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: EC A, 1983. 11 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Employment, Demographic analysis, Economic development, Health care system, Population growth. 3139 Savane, Landing. "Les Problèmes de population en Afrique." Présence africaine 142 (1987): 14-30. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Food production, Population growth, Urbanization. KEYWORDS: AIDS. Addresses economic recession, food scarcity, financial crisis, high population growth rates, and the AIDS epidemic. Argues that an understanding of demographic trends is essential. Describes the relationship between population and food, population and towns, and population and society. 3140 Selassie, Seyoum G. "Demographic factors, labour supply and employment in Africa." In: The African Social Situation: Crucial Factors of Development and Transformation, edited by ACARTSOD (African Centre for Applied Research and Training in Social Development). London: Hans Zell, 1990. 200-213 pp. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Labor force, Employment, Population growth, Urbanization. KEYWORDS: labor productivity. Considers employment as a development indicator and explains how it relates to population and labor growth rates. Addresses the consequences of growth rates for labor productivity and welfare. Argues that high population growth rates are lowering African's chances for employment and higher living standards.

3134 Quesnel, André. "Les Politiques gouvernementales de migrations ou de repartition de la population." In: Population et sociétés en Afrique au sud du Sahara, edited by Dominique Tabutin. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1988. 401-419 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Population policy, Population distribution, Migration, Urban growth. Analyzes Africa government policies to deal with population distribution inequalities and subsequent migrations. Claims that most countries either are constrained or take a laissez-faire approach toward migration. Looks at internal migrations and how they are affected by planning and rural development. Discusses reasons for policy failures.

3141 Tarver, James D., and H. Max Miller. "Patterns of population growth in Africa." African Studies 45, no. 1 (1986): 44-60. tables. SUBJECTS: Urban population, Population distribution, Population growth, Economic development, Family planning, Employment opportunity, Rural population. Discusses the increased population in Africa despite instability, hardships, and mass political killings. Indicates that Africa will continue to be the most rapidly growing region up to the year 2025. Examines rural and urban population changes. Concludes that urgent attention should be given to policies and programs that will accelerate economic growth and development.

3135 Roger, Gilles. Les Structures par sexe et age en Afrique. Paris:

3142 Tarver, James D. "Population and economic growth and wel-

AF R I C A / P r i v a t e S e c t o r

fare in Africa." Africa Quarterly 23, no. 1/2 (1984): 43-58. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Demographic analysis, Income distribution, Population growth. KEYWORDS: off-farm income. 3143 Touré, Moriba. "Urbanization and social problems in Africa." Africa Development/Afrique et développement 14, no. 3 (1989): 5-17. SUBJECTS: Urbanization, Demographic analysis, Migration, Population density, Poverty. Reflects on social problems created by urbanization in Africa. Argues that neo-Malthusian proposals are inappropriate because the ratio of population to natural resources is not equal across Africa and birth control measures don't account for social and cultural factors. Examines the creation of new capitals. 3144 US Congress. House. Subcommittee on Census and Population Demographic Trends in sub-Saharan Africa: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Census and Population of the Committee on Post Office and Civil Service, House of Representatives, Ninety-ninth Congress. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1986. 143 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Development policy, Demographic analysis, Population growth. KEYWORDS: USAID. Discusses issues pertaining to rapid population growth in subSaharan Africa. Notes work that has been done in family planning and how these programs can be improved. Discusses the need for more reliance on human resources development to increase African population planning capabilities. 3145 Watson, R. L., ed. Hunger in Africa II: The Human Dimensions. Monrovia, California: World Vision, 1985. 36 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Hunger, Food production, Environmental analysis, Government analysis, Population growth, Population density, Population distribution. 3146 Wolfson, Margaret. "Population and poverty in sub-Saharan Africa." In: Crisis and Recovery in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Tore Rose. Paris: OECD, 1985.94-103 pp. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Population growth, Population policy. 3147 World Bank. Population Growth and Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1986. 102 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Population growth, Population policy, Population distribution, Fertility, Women and development, Family planning. KEYWORDS: World Bank. Discusses the impact of rapid population growth in Africa, the underlying causes of a high growth rate, and measures that can be taken by governments to slow the increase. Argues that the government must take the lead in legitimizing and implementing family planning programs.

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les villes africaines, edited by Isabelle Deblé and Philippe Hugon. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1982. 163-173 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Traditional society, Urban development, Commercial sector, Informal sector, Capitalist development. KEYWORDS: smallscale industry. 3150 Baker, Pauline H. "Reflections on the economic correlates of African democracy." In: Democracy and Pluralism in Africa, edited by Dov Ronen. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1986. 53-60 pp. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Democracy, Private sector, Entrepreneurship, Government economic management. KEYWORDS: pluralism. Discusses the process by which economic success or failure translates into political action, drawing on two situations in which this linkage operated. 3151 Barampama, Angelo. "Secteur non structuré en Afrique: cacophonie de la survie et lueurs d'espoir." Genève Afrique/Geneva Africa 22, no. 1 (1984): 37-54. tables. SUBJECTS: Informal sector, Migration pattern, Commercial sector, Urban development, Rural development. KEYWORDS: ILO. 3152 Berg, Elliot. "The potentials of the private sector in sub-Saharan Africa." In: Crisis and Recovery in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Tore Rose. Paris: OECD, 1985. 135-144 pp. SUBJECTS: Private sector, Agricultural development, Smallholder agriculture, Privatization. 3153 Coing, Henri, Hélène Lamicq, Carlos Maldonado, and Christine Meunier. "Allocation de la force de travail et excédent relatif des travailleurs." In: Vivre et survivre dans les villes africaines, edited by Isabelle Deblé and Philippe Hugon. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1982. 174-192 pp. SUBJECTS: Labor force, Commercial sector, Informal sector, Labor market, Small business. 3154 Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique, ed. Actes du Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique: XIX et XX siècles. Vol. 1 of 2. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1983. 527 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Entrepreneurship, Small business, Capitalist development, Foreign investment, Colonialism, Commercial sector. KEYWORDS: sugar; copper; cotton; textiles; coffee. 3155 Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique, ed. Actes du Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique: XIX et XX siècles. Vol. 2 of 2. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1983. 638 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Entrepreneurship, Commercial sector, State power, Capitalist development, Small business, Class formation, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: artisans; railway transportation; BRP (Bureau de recherches pétrolières); European trading companies.

SEE ALSO 6691.

Private Sector

3148 Amedon, Etsé Honmapo. "La Petite production marchande: base d'un développement endogène." In: Vivre et survivre dans les villes africaines, edited by Isabelle Deblé and Philippe Hugon. Paris : Presses Universitaires de France, 1982. 202-207 pp. SUBJECTS: Informal sector, Economic development, Commercial sector, National planning policy. KEYWORDS: small-scale industry. 3149 Amselle, Jean-Louis, and Emile Le Bris. "De la 'Petite production marchande' à l'économie mercantile." In: Vivre et survivre dans

3156 D'Almeida, Ayite-Fily. "La Privatisation des entreprises publiques en Afrique au sud du Sahara (première partie)." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 245/246 (1986): 55-70. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Nationalization, Public sector, Privatization, Entrepreneurship. KEYWORDS: IMF; World Bank. Examines the manner in which industries were privatized and the implications for African economies. 3157 D'Almeida, Ayite-Fily. "La Privatisation des entreprises publiques en Afrique au sud du Sahara (deuxième partie)." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 247/248 (1986): 67-80. SUBJECTS: International relations, Privatization, Political instability, Economic crisis, Entrepreneurship. KEYWORDS: World Bank. Discusses the privatization of industries in Africa during the

1 9 8 • AF RIC A/Priva te Sector 1980s, exploring the risks and difficulties of different methods of privatization.

bureaucrats. Defines this relationship and the modes of private capital accumulation practiced by the Burkinabé.

3158 Damachi, Ukandi, and Hand Dieter Seibel, eds. Management Problems in Africa. New York: St. Martin's, 1986. 395 pp. ALSO COVERS: West Africa, Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Business administration, Small business, Labor policy, Human resources development, Management. Discusses the management problems found in the private sector in capitalist-leaning economies of West Africa. Focuses on Nigeria, transnational firms, and private indigenous firms. Attempts to bridge the gap between management theory and practice.

3165 Lê Abadie, Nhu. "La Sous-traitance: complémentarité ou subordination du secteur informel." In: Vivre et survivre dans les villes africaines, edited by Isabelle Deblé and Philippe Hugon. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1982.193-201 pp. SUBJECTS: Division of labor, Informal sector, Industrial development, Small business. KEYWORDS: marketplace.

3159 Deblé, Isabelle, and Philippe Hugon, eds. Vivre et survivre dans les villes africaines. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1982.310 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Ghana, Cameroon. SUBJECTS: Urban development, Commercial sector, Informal sector, Small business. KEYWORDS: Dakar, Senegal; Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire; Yaoundé, Cameroon; Accra, Ghana. 3160 Devauges, Roland. "Le Neveu et l'apprenti." In: Vivre et survivre dans les villes africaines, edited by Isabelle Deblé and Philippe Hugon. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1982. 208-217 pp. SUBJECTS: Informal sector, Commercial sector, Household analysis. KEYWORDS: artisans; apprenticeship; small-scale industry. 3161 du Bois de Gaudusson, Jean. "Crise de l'état interventioniste et libéralisation de l'économie en Afrique." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 38, no. 1 (January 1984): 1-11. SUBJECTS: State intervention, Privatization, Development planning, Privatization, Market economy. KEYWORDS: economic liberalization; disengagement. 3162 Gaud, Michel. "L'Afrique sous évaluée." L'Afrique et l'Asie modernes no. 162 (Fall 1989): 3-18. SUBJECTS: Commercial sector, Informal sector, Food aid, Economic development. KEYWORDS: afro-pessimism. Claims that usual economic indicators like gross domestic product, budgetary expenditures, and measures of foreign trade are inadequate judgement standards for African economic performance. States that such standards underestimate African economies because of structural differences that exist between economic systems. Reevaluates performance on African terms. 3163 Hopkins, A. G. "African entrepreneurship: An essay on the relevance of history to development economics." Genève Afrique!Geneva Africa 26, no. 2 (1988): 7-28. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Entrepreneurship, Development theory, Colonialism, Commercial sector, Export market. KEYWORDS: Hausa people; merchant class. Summarizes the main conclusions reached by historians of African entrepreneurship. Analyzes the relationship between the entrepreneur class and development economics by emphasizing the ways concepts of entrepreneurship have been applied to the study of African history. 3164 Labazée, Pascal. Entreprises et entrepreneurs du Burkina Faso: vers une lecture anthropologique de l'entreprise africaine. Paris: Karthala, 1988.273 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Burkina Faso. SUBJECTS: Entrepreneurship, Small business, Commercial sector, Management, Coup d'état, Anthropological analysis. KEYWORDS: OPEV (Office de Promotion des Entreprises Voltaïques); SAEB (Société d'Approvisionnement des Entreprises du Bâtiment). Analyzes the postindependence tradition of entrepreneurs and small-business promoters in Burkina Faso. Claims that there is a new relationship emerging between this entreprenurial class and important

3166 Mettelin, Pierre. "Les Activités informelles en Afrique noire: les r é a l i t e s u r b a i n e s . " Revue canadienne d'études de développement!Canadian Journal of Development Studies 8, no. 1 (1987): 49-68. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Urbanization, Commodity production, Small business, Informal sector. States that the informal sector allows new urban migrants a smooth transition from the traditional socioeconomic culture of the village to a new perception and the socioeconomic behavior of an urban environment. 3167 Ndegwa, P., L. P. Mureithi, and R. H. Green. "A summary of the issues." In: Management for Development: Priority Themes in Africa Today, edited by P. Ndegwa, L. P. Mureithi, and R. H. Green. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1987. 15-24 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Development planning, Business administration, Mass c o m m u n i c a t i o n , Private sector, Privatization. KEYWORDS: OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development); SADCC. Summarizes the major issues dealt with at the symposium on the subject of management for development. 3168 Page, John, Jr., and William Steel. Small enterprise development: Economic issues from African experience. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1984. 44 pp. SUBJECTS: Business administration, Economic development, Small business, Entrepreneurship. 3169 van Dijk, Meine Pieter. "Role of SMEs and micro-enterprises in industrialisation." African Environment 25/28 (1990): 395-409. ALSO COVERS: Burkina Faso, Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Small business, Industrialization, Informal sector. KEYWORDS: small-scale industry. Describes the effects of structural adjustment on small- and medium-sized businesses. Asks whether industrialization policy is biased toward large-scale industries. Considers small-scale production in Burkina Faso and Nigeria. Suggests an alternative industrialization strategy. 3170 Vepa, Ram K. "Development of small enterprises in Africa." In: Development Issues in Africa, edited by Priya Mutalik-Desai. Bombay, India: Himalaya, 1982. 90-98 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Underdevelopment, Small business, Employment, Private sector. KEYWORDS: India-Africa relations. SEE ALSO 5082.

Race Relations

3171 Office of Adviser on Political Matters. The United States Racist Policies in Africa. Kano, Nigeria: Publicity and Propaganda Department, Governor's Office, 1982. 20 pp. SUBJECTS: Self-determination, Racism, Racial policy, Neocolonialism, International relations.

AFRICA/Regionalism/Nationalism

KEYWORDS: US-Africa relations.

Regionalism/Nationalism

3172 Aboyade, Ojetunji. Integrated Economies: A Study of Developing Economies. London: Addison-Wesley, 1983.568 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International economic relations, Regional cooperation, Social services, Demographic analysis, Education system, Health care system, Economic integration. 3173 Adedeji, Adebayo. "Inter-African economic cooperation in the light of the Final Act of Lagos." In: Economic Crisis in Africa: African Perspectives on Development Problems and Potentials, edited by Adebayo Adedeji and Timothy M. Shaw. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1985. 59-78 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic integration, Cooperatives, Economic development, Pan-Africanism, Economic cooperation. KEYWORDS: EC A; Lagos Plan of Action 1980. 3174 Adedeji, Adebayo. "Intra-African economic penetration, cooperation and integration: Progress, problems and perspective in the light of the Final Act of Lagos." In: Lagos Plan of Action and Africa's Future Economic Relations: Conference Proceedings, edited by EC ADalhousie Conference. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada: ECA-Dalhousie Conference, 1984. 1-29 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic integration, Regional integration, Economic cooperation, Regional development, Economic development. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980. 3175 Aiyebusi, Julius Oludayo. ' T h e genesis and goals of the Lagos Plan of Action." In: Continental Crisis: The Lagos Plan of Action and Africa's Future, edited by David Fashole Luke and Timothy M. Shaw. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1984. xi-xviii pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Self-reliance, Economic integration. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; OECD (Organization f o r E c o n o m i c C o o p e r a t i o n and D e v e l o p m e n t ) ; W C A R R D Programme of Action; UN. 3176 Aiyegbusi, J. Olu. "External assistance in the context of collective self-reliance as an instrument for planning and managing African economies: Issues and suggestions for effective action." In: Lagos Plan of Action and Africa's Future Economic Relations: Conference Proceedings, edited by ECA-Dalhousie Conference. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada: ECA-Dalhousie Conference, 1984. 1-43 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic aid, Regional economics, Regional integration, Self-reliance, Economic management. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980. 3177 Aiyegbusi, Julius Olu. "Collective self-reliance and external assistance." In: Economic Crisis in Africa: African Perspectives on Development Problems and Potentials, edited by Adebayo Adedeji and Timothy M. Shaw. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1985. 103-119 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign aid, Economic integration, Regional development, Self-reliance. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; UN; ECA; UNCTAD; ADB (African Development Bank). 3178 An-Na'im, Abdullahi Ahmed. "The OAU and the right of peoples to self-determination: A plea for a fresh approach." Africa Today 35, no. 3/4 (1988): 27-35. ALSO COVERS: Sudan. SUBJECTS: Self-determination, Human rights, Liberation movement, Regional conflict, Nationalism. KEYWORDS: Eritrea.

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Describes the role of the OAU. Discusses the potential and limits of the principle of self-determination as a practical instrument for liberation within the framework of the OAU. Indicates that secession may be justified if states do not respect equal rights and self-determination. 3179 Anyatonwu, G. N. "ECOWAS: An approach to sub-regional economic integration." Journal of African Studies 9, no. 1 (Spring 1982): 30-38. tables. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Regional integration, Trade relations, Export policy, Economic cooperation. KEYWORDS: EEC; Treaty of Lagos 1975; US-Nigeria relations. 3180 Arcadias, Yves, and Marie-Pascale Beau, eds. Les Organismes régionaux en Afrique. Vol. 1 of 2. Paris: Ministère des Rélations Extérieures, 1981. 281 pp. ALSO COVERS: West Africa. SUBJECTS: Regional integration, Regional development, Economic development. KEYWORDS: ECOWAS; ECA; CEAO. 3181 Arcadias, Yves, and Marie-Pascale Beau, eds. Les Organismes régionaux en Afrique. Vol. 2 of 2. Paris: Ministère des Rélations Extérieures, 1981. 195 pp. ALSO COVERS: West Africa. SUBJECTS: Regional development, Economic development, Regional integration. KEYWORDS: Liptako Gourma (Sahel Region); OCAM (Organisation Commune Africaine et Mauricienne); UDEAC (Union Douanière et Economique d'Afrique Centrale). 3182 Asante, S. K. B. "Development and regional integration since 1980: Progress report and prospects." In: Lagos Plan of Action and Africa ' i Future Economic Relations : Conference Proceedings, edited by ECA-Dalhousie Conference. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada: ECADalhousie Conference, 1984.1-37 pp. SUBJECTS: Regional integration, Development planning, Economic integration, Economic cooperation, Regional development. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; ECOWAS. 3183 Asante, S. K.B. ' T h e role of the Organization of African Unity in promoting peace, development and regional security in Africa." In: Africa: Perspectives on Peace and Development, edited by Emmanuel Hansen. London: Zed, 1987. 123-143 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic integration, Regional security, Economic development, Self-reliance. KEYWORDS: OAU; Lagos Plan of Action 1980. Reviews the role of the OAU. Deals with its provision of political security and the interrelation between peace, security, and development. 3184 Asiwaju, A. I. "Partitioned culture areas: A checklist." In: Partitioned Africans: Ethnic Relations across Africa's International Boundaries, 1884-1984, edited by A. I. Asiwaju. Lagos, Nigeria: University of Lagos Press, 1985. 252-259 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Ethnicity, Ethnic politics, Decolonization, Regional integration, Nation building. 3185 Ayele, Negussay. "Kwame Nkrumah and the Lagos Plan of Action." In: Economic Crisis in Africa: African Perspectives on Development Problems and Potentials, edited by Adebayo Adedeji and Timothy M. Shaw. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1985. 47-58 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Self-sufficient economy, Economic integration, Pan-Africanism. KEYWORDS: Nkrumah, Kwame; Lagos Plan of Action 1980; ECA; OAU. 3186 Bach, Daniel C. "Francophone regionalism and the Lagos Plan of Action: Modalities of African economic development." In: African Development: The OAU/ECA Plan of Action and Beyond, edited by Ralph I. Onwuka, 'Layi Abegunrin, and Dhanjoo N. Ghista. Lawren-

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ceville, Virginia: Brunswick, 1985. 131-141 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic integration, Trade policy, International cooperation, Regionalism. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; UMOA; OAU; ECOWAS.

tegration. KEYWORDS: STABEX (stabilization of export earnings from commodities); New International Economic Order; Lomé Convention 1979; SADCC; UNITAR (UN Institute on Training and Research).

3187 Bach, Daniel C., and Olivier Vallée. "L'Intégration régional: espaces politiques et marchés parallèles." Politique africaine no. 39 (September 1990): 68-78. SUBJECTS: Regional integration, Economic cooperation, Market economy. KEYWORDS: CFA monetary area; ECOWAS. Analyzes regional economic cooperation in Africa in terms of political spaces. Questions the existance of African common markets, common currency, and parallel markets.

3194 Bhagavan, M. R. The Energy Sector in SADCC Countries: Policies, Priorities, and Options in the Context of the African Crisis. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1985.41 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS : Regional cooperation, Regional development, Energy industry, Energy use, Economic policy. KEYWORDS: SADCC.

3188 Bach, Daniel C. "La Coopération régionale dans les conventions de Lomé." Année africaine (1984): 163-172. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic development, Regional integration, Regional cooperation. KEYWORDS: Lomé Convention 1984; Lomé conventions. 3189 Baloro, John. "Some international legal problems arising from the definition and application of the concept of 'permanent sovereignty over wealth and natural resources' of states." The Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa 20, no. 3 (November 1987): 335-352. SUBJECTS: Self-determination, Natural resource management, Environmental degradation, Nationalization, International law. Discusses issues relating to the exploitation and control of natural resources found within national borders; resources shared by two or more nations, such as fisheries, and multinational resources, such as the exploitation of outer space. 3190 Bassey, Celestine. "Collective amnesia or perpetual debate? The African security agenda." In: Continental Crisis: The Lagos Plan of Action and Africa's Future, edited by David Fashole Luke and Timothy M. Shaw. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1984. 103-130 pp. SUBJECTS: Self-reliance, Economic development, Economic integration, National security. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; OAU. 3191 Belaouane Gherari, Rachida. "L'Afrique dans les relations Sud/Sud." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 225/226 (1984): 104-119. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic integration, Regional development. KEYWORDS: South-South relations; OAU; World Bank. 3192 Belaouane-Gherari, Sylvie, and Habib Gherari. Les Organisations régionales africaines: recueil de textes et documents; regroupements économiques, banques, organisations de mise en valeur, associations de producteurs. Paris: La Documentation Française, 1988.471 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Regional cooperation, Natural resource management, Economic cooperation, Agricultural policy, Diplomatic relations, Banking, Cooperatives. KEYWORDS: OAU; OCAM (Organisation Commune Africaine et Mauricienne); CPCM (Comité permanente consultative du Maghreb); CEAO; CEPGL (Communauté Economique des Pays des Grands Lacs). Seeks to iron out the research difficulties of scholars and others interested in Africa. Provides access to basic documents on African regional organizations and names their bibliographic references. 3193 Benedek, W. "The relevance of inter-regional co-operation (Lomé II, STABEX) for the NIEO and for regional and subregional integration in Africa." In: New Perspectives and Conceptions of International Law: An Afro-European Dialogue, edited by K. Ginther and W. Benedek. Vienna, Austria: Springer-Verlag, 1983. 75-89 pp. SUBJECTS: International law, Economic integration, Regional in-

3195 Bukuku, Enos S., Lawrence R. Klein, and Dominick Salvatore. "Trade Policies and Foreign Aid for African Development." In: African Development Prospects: A Policy Modeling Approach, edited by Dominick Salvatore. New York: Taylor and Francis, 1989.233-260 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Trade policy, Foreign aid, Regional development, Regional cooperation, Economic recovery, Economic development. Examines trade and aid policies related to the domestic macro and sectorial policies for African development. Addresses the problems of level of investment, prospects for agricultural and industrial development, and the accessibility of African products to industrial markets. 3196 Codo, Léon C. "Chronique des rélations interafricaines en 1984." Année africaine (1984): 173-239. other docs. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic integration, Regional development, Civil war, Regional integration. KEYWORDS: Nkomati Accord 1984. 3197 D'Sa, Rose M. "Lagos Plan of Action—Legal mechanisms for co-operation between the Organisation of African Unity and the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa ."Journal of African Law 27, no. 1 (Spring 1983): 4-22. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic integration, Legislative action, Regional development. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; African Common Market; OAU; Monrovia Declaration 1979; ECA. 3198 Diaite, Ibou. "L'Intégration regionale—réponse aux problèmes de l'état et de la nation dans l'Afrique d'aujourd'hui: aspects juridiques." Présence africaine 127/128 (1983): 364-390. SUBJECTS: Regional cooperation, Nation-state, Colonialism, Ethnicity. KEYWORDS: OAU; ECOWAS. 3199 Diouf, Makhtar. "The issue of unequal development in African experiences of economic integration." In: Economic Cooperation and Integration in Africa, edited by W. A. Ndongko. Dakar, Senegal: CODESRIA, 1985. 111-124 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic integration, Regional integration, International cooperation, Uneven development, Economic development. KEYWORDS: ECOWAS. 3200 ECA-Dalhousie Conference. Lagos Plan of Action and Africa's Future Economic Relations: Conference Proceedings. Vol. 2 of 2. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada: ECA-Dalhousie Conference, 1984. 291 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Regional development, Women and development, Women's economic role, Industrial development, Regional planning policy, Food production. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; ECA. 3201 Elaigwu, J. Isawa. "Toward continental integration: Supranationalism and the future of Africa." In: Alternative Futuresfor Africa,edited by Timothy M. Shaw. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1982. 131-151 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic integration, Pan-Africanism, Nationalism. KEYWORDS: ECOWAS; OAU.

AFRICA/Regionalism/Nationalism 3202 Entin, L. M. 'The nationalities question and socio-political problems of the emerging countries (The example of Africa)." Africa in Soviet Studies (1988): 47-55. SUBJECTS: National identity, Colonialism, Democracy, Socialist development, Nationalism. Analyzes recent developments in the African nationalities question and how the enthnicity challenge affects construction and the development of political relations. Claims that under socialist orientation, the material and intellectual conditions are being created to resolve the nationalities question in line with progressive social development. 3203 Esiemokhai, E. O. "The Organisation of African Unity and state succession in Africa." In: African Development: The OAUIECA Plan of Action and Beyond, edited by Ralph I. Onwuka, 'Layi Abegunrin, and Dhanjoo N. Ghista. Lawrenceville, Virginia: Brunswick, 1985. 192-197 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic integration, Regional cooperation, Independence movement, Political succession. KEYWORDS: OAU. 3204 Ezi, Obuah Emmanuel. "Regional economy and foreign capital in economic integration in Africa: Reflections on ECOWAS." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 14, no. 1 (1989): 61-124. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Regional economics, Foreign investment, Economic integration, Transnational corporations, Class analysis. KEYWORDS: ECOWAS. Argues that foreign capital plays a significant role in regional integration in Africa. Analyzes Africa's regional economies, paying attention to class, foreign government involvement, and transnationa l . Contends that because of transnational, ECOWAS is unlikely to advance and member states will get only minimal benefits. 3205 Founou-Tchuigoua, Bernard. "Crise de l'ideologie collective de l'autosuffisance alimentaire." In: L'Agriculture africaine en crise dans ses rapports avec l'état, 1'industrialisation et la paysannerie, edited by Hamid Ait Amara and Bernard Founou-Tchuigoua. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1989. 311-319pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Ideologies, Food policy, Self-reliance, Regional cooperation, International economic relations. KEYWORDS: PAL (Programme d'action de Lagos); PPREA (Programme Prioritaire de Redressement Economique de l'Afrique). Looks at the politics and ideologies of self-reliance in food production in Africa. Comments on the different economic and political programs undertaken by regional and international organizations to face and try to solve food scarcity and dependence in Africa. 3206 Garba, Mohammed A. "United Nations regional economic commissions: A comparative analysis." Politica internazaionale 6, no. 1 (Spring 1987): 27-42. tables. SUBJECTS: Regional economics, Decentralization, Economic cooperation. KEYWORDS: UN; ECA. Considers the ECA and other continental economic organizations funded by the UN. Compares them by task and success in promoting development. Provides a history of UN decentralization toward such regional economic organizations. 3207 Ginther, K. "The New International Economic Order, African regionalism and subregional attempts at economic liberation." In: New Perspectives and Conceptions of International Law: An AfroEuropean Dialogue, edited by K. Ginther and W. Benedek. Vienna, Austria: Springer-Verlag, 1983. 59-74 pp. SUBJECTS: International law, International relations, Economic dependency, Regionalism, Regional cooperation. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; New International Economic Order; SADCC; OAU; ECA. 3208 Glélé, Maurice Ahanhanzo. "Pour une OUA opérationnelle." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 39, no. 3/4 (July/December 1985): 818-836. SUBJECTS: International relations,

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Regional integration, Regional security, Regional cooperation. KEYWORDS: OAU. 3209 Goudou, Thomas. "L'OUA: retrospective et perspective politiques (Troisième partie)." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 231/232 (1985): 25-43. SUBJECTS: International relations, Regional development, Economic cooperation. KEYWORDS: regional unification; OAU; CEAO; ECOWAS. 3210 Green, R. H. "Managing economic regionalism: Towards anew approach." In: Management for Development: Priority Themes in Africa Today, edited by P. Ndegwa, L. P. Mureithi, and R. H. Green. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987. 145-159 pp. SUBJECTS: Regional integration, Economic integration, Management, Finance policy, Market system. KEYWORDS: East African Community; Lusaka Declaration 1980; OAU; SADCC. Discusses the significance of the managerial process in African regional economic groupings. Contrasts the traditional fee-trade import model of regional integration with the SADCC model. 3211 Gruhn, Isebill. "The ECA/OAU: Conflict and collaboration." In: The Future of Regionalism in Africa, edited by Ralph I. Onwuka and Amadu Sesay. London: Macmillan, 1985. 22-35 pp. SUBJECTS: Regionalism, International cooperation, Political conflict, Regional integration, Political alliance. KEYWORDS: ECA; OAU. 3212 Grundy, Kenneth W. "Impact of region on contemporary African politics." In: African Independence: The First Twenty-Five Years, edited by Gwendolen M. Carter and Patrick O'Meara. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1985. 97-125 pp. SUBJECTS: Regional integration, Regional economics, Coup d'etat. KEYWORDS: regional inequality; Young, Crawford; SADCC; ECOWAS; CEAO. 3213 Hall, Raymond L. "Toward the invention of an African future." In: Alternative Futures for Africa, edited by Timothy M. Shaw. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1982. 17-36 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Superpower politics, Pan Africanism, Economic integration, National integration, Self-reliance. 3214 Hazlewood, A. "What should be done to promote economic integration in Africa in the 1980's and beyond." In: Development Options for Africa in the 1980s and Beyond, edited by P. Ndegwa, L. P. Mureithi, and R. H. Green. Nairobi, Kenya: Oxford University Press, 1985. 197-212 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic integration, Development theory, Regional integration, International cooperation. KEYWORDS: ECOWAS; Lagos Plan of Action 1980; CEAO. 3215 Herbst, Jeffrey. "War and the state in Africa." International Security 14, no. 4 (Spring 1990): 117-139. SUBJECTS: Warfare, Nation-state, Nationalism, State formation. Compares the development of the nation-state in Europe with Africa. Argues that warfare was an important mechanism for solidifying government administration and building national identity in Europe. Maintains that this has been absent in African nation-building leading to weaker states. 3216 Hill, Tony. "Whither Lomé? A review of the Lomé III negotiations." Third World Quarterly 7, no. 3 (July 1985): 661-681. SUBJECTS: Trade policy, Regional integration, Economic cooperation. KEYWORDS: ACP (African, Caribbean, and Pacific Countries); Lomé Convention 1984; EEC. 3217 Hocker, Eileen. "Nation-building or nation-destroying: Foreign powers and intelligence agencies in Africa." Ufahamu 18, no.

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3 (Fall 1990): 35-51. SUBJECTS: Nation-building, International relations, Historical analysis, Nationalism. KEYWORDS: covert activity; France-Africa relations; US-Africa relations; UK-Africa relations. Argues that foreign intelligence agencies in Africa sought to alter conditions when Africans pursued national interests that did not coincide with their interests, particularly in regard to leaders, parties, and institutions. 3218 Institut Panafricain pour le Développement, ed. Comprendre une économie rurale: Guide pratique de recherche. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1981. 170 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agrarian economy, Household analysis, Regional economics, Regional planning policy, Village development. 3219 Jalloh, Abdul. "Foreign private investments and regional political integration in UDEAC." In: Economic Cooperation and Integration in Africa, edited by W. A. Ndongko. Dakar, Senegal: CODESRIA, 1985.198-228 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Political integration, Regional integration, Private investment, Foreign investment, Economic integration. KEYWORDS: UDEAC (Union Douanière et Economique d'Afrique Centrale). 3220 Jinadu, L. Adele. "Regional integration in Africa: Theoretical perspectives and their implications." Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review 6, no. 1 (January 1990): 1-12. SUBJECTS: Regional integration, Academic research, Regional development. Analyzes the progress of regional integration theory. Notes the origins of integration in colonialism. Considers the ideas of Karl Deutsch, Amitai Etzioni, Ernest Haas, and Joseph Nye. 3221 Jinadu, L. Adele. "Some political problems of ECOWAS: Comments in search of a theme." In: Regional Development at the International Level: African and Canadian Perspectives, edited by Timothy M. Shaw and Yash Tandon. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1985.41-53 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic integration, Regional development, Regional integration. KEYWORDS: ECOWAS. 3222 Jua, Nantang. 'Towards renegotiating the Lomé regime: Some (non)policy options considered." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 8, no. 4 (1983): 97-122. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Regional economics, Agricultural development, Industrialization, Regional cooperation. KEYWORDS: Lomé Convention 1979; EEC; APC (All People's Congress); STABEX (stabilization of export earnings from commodities). 3223 Kabiona, Budagwa. "Pour une coopération industrielle en Afrique." Zaïre-Afrique 222 (January 1988): 69-83. tables. SUBJECTS: International cooperation, Economic development, Economic integration, Industrial development, Regional cooperation. KEYWORDS: customs union; UDEAC (Union Douanière et Economique d'Afrique Centrale); UDEAO (Union Douanière des Etats de l'Afrique de Ouest). Argues that unless African nations group themselves into economic unions, it will be difficult for the continent to develop in significant way. Examines the advantages of such groupings, the history of various customs unions, and regional economic integration schemes. 3224 Kinguè, Michel Doo. "Rural development and démocratisation of national development in Africa." In: Démocratisation of National Development in Africa, edited by Albert Tévoédjrè. Geneva, Switzerland: International Institute for Labour Studies, 1983.21-40 pp. SUBJECTS: Self-reliance, Rural-urban migration, Population distribution, Environmental analysis, Regional planning policy, Food production, Urban planning policy.

3225 Kirongo, Nganzi. "L'Antidérive de l'Afrique en désarroi: le Plan d'Action de Lagos." Zaïre-Afrique 205 (May 1986): 283-286. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic development, Regional development, Economic integration, Economic cooperation. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980. Provides a review of some of the major literature on the Lagos Plan of Action. Addresses the importance of the literature for the continuing study of African economic development. 3226 Kuznetsova, M. A. "Inter-state economic relations in Africa." Africa in Soviet Studies (1982): 182-93. SUBJECTS: Division of labor, Regional integration, Agricultural development, Industrial development, International economic relations, Economic cooperation, Self-reliance. 3227 Kwarteng, Charles. "External influences on Africa's economic decolonization." TransAfrica Forum 6, no. 3/4 (Spring and Summer 1989): 83-97. SUBJECTS: Economic dependency, Regional integration, International relations, Regional development. KEYWORDS: ECOWAS; SADCC. Analyzes the attempts of African regional organizations to take control of their economic future and move away from continued dependency on the former colonizers. Notes the efforts of these former colonial powers to maintain political and economic control. 3228 Laszlo, Ervin, ed. African and Arab Co-operation for Development tables. SUBJECTS: Arab nations, Human resources development, Economic development, Regional cooperation, Regional development, Economic integration. KEYWORDS: Arab-Africa relations; minerals. 3229 Luaba-Lumu, Ntumba. "Quel modèle d'intégration pour l'Afrique." Zaïre-Afrique 158 (October 1981): 471-481. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Regional development, Economic integration. KEYWORDS: OAU; common market. 3230 Mackenzie, Fiona, and D. R. F. Taylor. "Scale and the question of rural development in Africa." African Urban Quarterly 1, no. 1 (January 1986): 43-53. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Selfsufficient economy, Development planning, Self-reliance. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980. Discusses the need for a self-reliant and participatory development approach to development policy planning, and for a focus on the local community. 3231 Marasinghe, M. L. "Regional economic co-operation in developing countries." Verfassung und Recht in Ùbersee/Law and Politics in Africa, Asia and Latin America 20, no. 1 (1987): 5-44. SUBJECTS: Economic integration, Regional economics, Regional development, Economic development, Foreign trade. KEYWORDS: ECOWAS; ASEAN (Association of South-East Asian Nations). Focuses on the need and the importance of establishing regional national groupings for the purpose of economic development. Argues that Third World countries are hampered from being developed by overwhelming economic advantages held by the developed nations. Discusses attempts at regional integration plans such as ECOWAS and ASEAN. 3232 Mathews, K. "Trends and prospects for Afro-Arab co-operation." The African Review 10, no. 1 (1983): 40-53. SUBJECTS: Arab nations, Economic cooperation. KEYWORDS: Arab-Africa relations; Israel-Arab relations; Afro-Arab Conference 1977. 3233 Maurice, Glele-Ahanhanzo. Introduction à 1'Organisation de l'Unité Africaine et aux organisations régionales africaines. Paris: Librarie Générale de Droit et de Jurisprudence, 1986. 574 pp. biblio.

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SUBJECTS: Regional cooperation, Economic cooperation, Administration, Diplomatic relations. KEYWORDS: OAU; ECOWAS; UDEAC (Union Douanière et Economique d'Afrique Centrale); CEAO; CEPGL (Communauté Economique des Pays des Grands Lacs). Looks at the organization and functioning of the OAU and other large regional organizations in Africa. Presents constitutive charters and protocol annexes of the OAU, CEDEAO, UPEAC, CEAO, CEPGL, and ZEP. Examines various regional agreements and doctrines originating from these organizations. 3234 Mazrui, AU A. "Francophone nations and English-speaking states: Imperial ethnicity and African political formations." In: State Versus Ethnic Claims: African Policy Dilemmas, edited by Donald Rothchild and Victor A. Olorunsola. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1983. 25-43 pp. SUBJECTS: Nation building, Government analysis, Centralization, Nationalization, Colonialism, Imperialism, Ethnicity. KEYWORDS: Anglophone Africa; Francophone Africa. 3235 Mazrui, Ali A., and Michael Tidy. Nationalism and New States in Africa. London: Heinemann, 1984. 402 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa, Ghana. SUBJECTS: Military policy, Revolutionary movement, Political parties, Nation state, Nationalism. KEYWORDS: Ethiopian Revolution 1974; Ghana February Revolution 1966; OAU. 3236 Mazzeo, Domenico, ed. African Regional Organizations. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1984. 265 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic cooperation, Regional integration, Diplomatic relations, International economic relations. KEYWORDS: ECA; OAU; ADB (African Development Bank); SADCC; ECOWAS. 3237 Mbongo, Nsame. "Problèmes théoriques de la question nationale en Afrique." Présence africaine 136 (1985): 31-67. SUBJECTS: Pan-Africanism, Nation-state, Nationalism, Ethnicity, Imperialism. KEYWORDS: modes of production. 3238 Mehretu, Assefa. "Regional cooperation in higher education in Africa: Problems and prospects." Rural Africana no. 28/29 (Spring/Fall 1987): 131-150. SUBJECTS: Regional cooperation, Higher education, Economic dependency, Regional planning policy. Examines the African higher education system, which was adopted wholesale from Europe. Argues that the system has not been able to meet indigenous needs. Recommends regional cooperation as the solution but notes some of its previous failures. 3239 Metz, Stephen. "American attitudes toward decolonization in Africa." Political Science Quarterly 99, no. 3 (1984): 515-538. SUBJECTS: International relations, Self-determination, Nation building, Decolonization, Neocolonialism, Communism, Behavioral analysis. KEYWORDS: US-Africa relations; Europe-Africa relations. 3240 Mfoulou, Jean. L'O.U.A.: Triomphe de l'unité ou des nationalités?: essai d'une sociologie politique de l'Organisation de l'Unité Africaine. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1987. 88 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Nationalism, International relations, Regional integration, Pan-Africanism. KEYWORDS: OAU; Group of Monrovia; UAM (Union Africaine et Malgache); PAFMESCA (Pan African Freedom Movement for East, Central and Southern Afr.). Questions whether the OAU serves to promote the unity of the continent or to safeguard the national interests of the member states. Examines the OAU charter, subsequent charter resolutions, and the comportment of member countries. 3241 Moudoud, Ezzeddine. "Regional development and the

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transition's dilemmas in the Third World: The new debate and search for alternatives." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 13, no. 3 (1988): 57-75. biblio. SUBJECTS: Regional development, Development theory, Decentralization, Regional economics. KEYWORDS: agropolitan development; spatial analysis; Friedmann, John. States that most government bureaucrats still find it difficult to accept basic needs, agropolitan development, and decentralized spatial policies as viable alternatives to old center-down paradigms of development. Reviews the new theories of territorial or transformational development and disagrees that they are forms of utopianism or that they obsfucate class issues. 3242 Munzihirwa, Mzee. "Nation en voie de création ou pays en développement." Zaïre-Afrique 219 (November 1987): 519-528. SUBJECTS: Nation building, Political development, National integration. KEYWORDS: state analysis. Examines the development of the postcolonial state in Africa. Explores the characteristics of the state and the forces that integrate the nation. Examines the relevance of such ideas as territory, region, language, and culture. 3243 Mutalik-Desai, Priya. "Integration attempts and disintegration tendencies in Africa." In: Development Issues in Africa, edited by Priya Mutalik-Desai. Bombay, India: Himalaya Publishing House, 1982. 210-226 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic i n t e g r a t i o n , Regional integration, Regional cooperation. KEYWORDS: OAU. 3244 Ndeshyo, Rurihose, and Ntumba Luaba Luma. "La Commission économique des nations unies pour l'Afrique: 25 ans d'activités au service de l'Afrique." Zaïre-Afrique 177 (June/August 1983): 411-423. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic development, Regional development, Economic integration. KEYWORDS: ECA; institutional development; UN. 3245 Ndongko, W. A., ed. Economic Cooperation and Integration in Africa. Dakar, Sengal: CODESRIA, 1985. 344 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic integration, Regional integration, Economic development, International cooperation, Political economy studies, Pan-Africanism. KEYWORDS: ECOWAS. 3246 Ndongko, W. A. 'The future of regional economic cooperation in Africa: A critical analysis." In: Economic Cooperation and Integration in Africa, edited by W. A. Ndongko. Dakar, Senegal: CODESRIA, 1985. 288-307 pp. SUBJECTS: Regional integration, International cooperation, Economic development, Economic integration, Economic analysis. 3247 Ndongko, Wilfred. "The future of the Central African Customs and Economic Union—EDEAC." In: The Future of Regionalism in Africa, edited by Ralph I. Onwuka and Amadu Sesay. London: Macmillan, 1985.96-109 pp. SUBJECTS : Regionalism, Regional integration, Trade union, Economic integration, International economic relations. KEYWORDS: UDEAC (Union Douanière et Economique d'Afrique Centrale). 3248 Ngango, Georges, and Bruno Bekolo-Ebe. "Crise économique et impératif d'unité en Afrique." Présence africaine no. 149/150 (1989): 51-67. SUBJECTS: Economic crisis, Regional cooperation, Regional integration. KEYWORDS: Diop, Cheikh Anta; balkanization. Examines attempts at regional cooperation and unity as influenced by the writings of Cheikh Anta Diop in the early 1960s. Analyzes balkanization and the failure of regional integration efforts, the deterioration and permanence of the economic crisis as a conse-

204 • AF RI C A/Regional ism/Nationalism quence of balkanization, and conditions for realizing unity.

OAU; ECA; EEC.

3249 Nnoli, O. "External constraints of Pan-African economic integration." In: Economic Cooperation and Integration in Africa, edited by W. A. Ndongko. Dakar, Senegal: CODESRIA, 1985. 126152 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic integration, Pan-Africanism, International cooperation, Regional integration, Economic development. KEYWORDS: East African Community.

3257 Onwuka, Ralph I., and Amadu Sesay, eds. The Future of Regionalism in Africa. London: Macmillan, 1985. 272 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Regional development, Regional integration, International cooperation, Economic integration, Political integration. KEYWORDS: ECOWAS; ECA; East African Community; SADCC; CEAO.

3250 Ntanyungu, Emile, and François N'Duhirahe. Tourisme et dependence: le cas de l'Afrique noire. Geneva, Switerland: Institut Universitaire d'Etudes du Développement, 1981. 95 pp. SUBJECTS: Self-sufficient economy, Economic dependency, Regional development. KEYWORDS: tourism.

3258 Onwuka, Ralph I. 'Transnational corporations and regional integration in West Africa." In: Africa and the International Political System, edited by Timothy M. Shaw and 'Sola Ojo. Washington, DC: University Press of America, 1982. 269-301 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: West Africa. SUBJECTS: Regional integration, International politics, Economic integration, Economic development, Transnational corporations. KEYWORDS: ECOWAS.

3251 Nzongola-Ntalaja. "The national question and the crisis of instability in Africa." In: Africa: Perspectives on Peace and Development, edited by Emmanuel Hansen. London: Zed, 1987. 55-86 pp. ALSO COVERS: Somalia. SUBJECTS: Ethnicity, Nationalism, Nation building. KEYWORDS: irredentism; OAU; Biafran war; ANC. Examines the question of nations and of nationalism and their relationship to the crisis of instability in Africa by looking at a number of related issues, including colonialism, dissident nationalism, and class struggle. 3252 Obaseki, Nosakhare O., ed. African Regional Security and the OAU's Role in the Next Decade. New York: International Peace Academy, 1984. 82 pp. tables, maps, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Chad, Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Economic integration, Conflict resolution, Regional security, Regional cooperation. KEYWORDS: OAU; International Peace Academy; UN. 3253 Ojo, Olatunde. "Regional co-operation and integration." In: African International Relations, edited by J. C. B. Olatunde, D. K. Orwa, and C. M. B. Utete. New York: Longman, 1985. 142-183 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic integration, Regional cooperation, Pan Africanism. KEYWORDS: OCAM (Organisation Commune Africaine et Mauricienne); OAU; ECOWAS; UDEAC (Union Douanière et Economique d'Afrique Centrale). 3254 Ojo, Olatunde J. B. "Continental cooperation: Analysis of modalities and capabilities." In: African Development: The OAUIECA Plan of Action and Beyond, edited by Ralph I. Onwuka, and 'Layi Abegunrin, and Dhanjoo N. Ghista. Lawrenceville, Virginia: Brunswick, 1985. 142-157 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic cooperation, Economic integration, Pan-Africanism, Economic cooperation. KEYWORDS: CEAO; SADCC; ECOWAS. 3255 Onwuka, Ralph I., and Timothy M. Shaw, eds. Africa in World Politics: Into the 1990s. Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan, 1989. 240 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: West Africa, Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Nonaligned nation, Neocolonialism, Economic interdependence, Regionalism, Division of labor, Military intervention. KEYWORDS: France-Africa relations; Council for Mutual Economic Assistance; NAM (Non-Aligned Movement); OAU; ECOWAS. Addresses the relationship of particular African classes and countries to extra-continental interests and institutions. Examines the contradictory interactions between social forces situated within Africa and others located outside the continent. 3256 Onwuka, Ralph I. "Political risk analysis of the Lagos Plan of Action." In: African Development: The OAUIECA Plan of Action and Beyond, edited by Ralph I. Onwuka, 'Layi Abegunrin, and Dhanjoo N. Ghista. Lawrenceville, Virginia: Brunswick, 1985. 159-173 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic integration, Economic development, Political analysis, Regional integration. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; political risk analysis;

3259 Owosekun, Akinola A., ed. Towards an African Economic Community: Lessons of Experience from ECOWAS: Proceedings of an International Conference. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1986. 401 pp. tables, other docs. ALSO COVERS: West Africa. SUBJECTS: Economic cooperation, Regional cooperation, Trade relations. KEYWORDS: ECOWAS; CEAO; MRU (Mano River Union); African Common Market; WACH (West African Clearing House). Examines the role of intergovernmental organizations in transboundary planning of the sort envisioned in the Lagos Plan of Action. States that subregional groups such as ECOWAS should provide insight into the prospects of an African economic community. 3260 Parpart, Jane L. "Women and politics in Africa: Old failures and new directions." In: Africa in World Politics: Changing Perspectives, edited by Stephen Wright and Janice N. Brownfoot. Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan, 1987. 95-109 pp. SUBJECTS: Nationalist movement, Women's political role, Political participation, Nationalist movement, Women's studies. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980. Assesses the implementation of one of the goals of the Lagos Plan of Action: that women be integrated into all aspects of development planning and policymaking, including the highest levels of government. Evaluates the factors that have impeded women's full participation in positions of power and authority. 3261 Ravenhill, John. "Collective self-reliance or collective selfdelusion: Is the Lagos Plan a viable alternative?" In: Africa in Economic Crisis, edited by John Ravenhill. London: Macmillan, 1986. 85-107 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic integration, Development planning, Self-reliance. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; Berg Report 1981; World Bank; OAU; ECA. Critically analyzes the Lagos Plan of Action, with the conclusion that it lacks practical prescriptions for economic recovery. 3262 Ravenhill, John. "Redrawing the map of Africa?" In: The Precarious Balance: State and Society in Africa, edited by Donald Rothchild and Michael W. Foley. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1988. 282-306 pp. SUBJECTS: Regional integration, Territorial sovereignty, Armed conflict, Nation-state. KEYWORDS: OAU. Discusses the issue of African border instability and the tensions created over the delineation of proper international borders. Mentions the possibility of integrating states on a regional basis with the hope of creating more viable economic and political entities. 3263 Ravenhill, John. "The future of regionalism in Africa." In: The Future of Regionalism in Africa, edited by Ralph I. Onwuka and Amadu Sesay. London: Macmillan, 1985. 205-224 pp. SUBJECTS: Regionalism, Regional development, Development theory, Economic integration, International cooperation.

AFRICA/Regionalism/Nationalism 3264 Rembe, N. S. "The Vienna Convention on State Succession in respect of treaties: An African perspective on its applicability and limitations." The Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa 17, no. 2 (July 1984): 131-143. ALSO COVERS: Namibia. SUBJECTS: Border conflict, Nation building, Self-determination, Political succession. KEYWORDS: ILC (International Law Commission); Vienna Convention on State Succession. 3265 Renninger, John P. "The future of economic cooperation schemes in Africa, with special reference to ECOWAS." In: Alternative Futures for Africa, edited by Timothy M. Shaw. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1982. 153-177 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic integration, Economic cooperation, Selfreliance. KEYWORDS: ECOWAS. 3266 Ritter, A. R. M. 'The feasibility of establishing jointly-owned regional minerals enterprises (JRMEs) in Sub-Saharan Africa: A case study of institution building for collective self-reliance." In: African and Arab Co-operation for Development, edited by Ervin Laszlo. Dublin, Ireland: Tycooly, 1984. 52-88 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Regional cooperation, Natural resource management, Industrialization, Case study, Self-reliance. KEYWORDS: minerals. 3267 Rurihose, Ndeshyo, and Ntumba Luaba. La Stratégie de I'organisation de l'unité africaine pour le développement: le cadre institutionnel. Kinshasa, Zaire: Presses Universitaires du Zaire, 1981. 80 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic cooperation, Political development, Regional development, Economic development, Development planning. KEYWORDS: OAU; EEC. 3268 Sarfo, Kwasi. "Africa's reaction to marginalization." TransAfrica Forum 6, no. 1 (Winter 1989): 27-35. SUBJECTS: Regional cooperation, Pan Africanism, Self-reliance. KEYWORDS: OAU. Describes the response of African nations to their continued marginalization in the modern world. States that African nations have responded to that marginalization in two ways: diversifying links outside of Africa and intensifying cooperation within Africa. 3269 Sesay, Amadu. "The OAU and continental order." In: Africa and the International Political System, edited by Timothy M. Shaw and 'Sola Ojo. Washington, DC: University Press of America, 1982. 168-225 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic i n t e g r a t i o n , R e g i o n a l economics, C o n f l i c t , Basic needs. KEYWORDS: OAU. 3270 Shaw, Malcolm. Title to Territory in Africa: International Legal Issues. Oxfordshire, UK: Clarendon, 1986. 428 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: International law, Territorial sovereignty, Self-determination, Nation building, Decolonization. Discusses the nature and theory of territory and statehood as it is outlined in international law. Examines the ideas of territorial sovereignty, statehood, self-determination, boudaries, and the laws that establish these ideas. Outlines the relationship between territory, the physical and political boundaries of the state, and its standing in international law. 3271 Shaw, Timothy. "Africa in the world system: Towards more uneven development." In: Africa and the International Political System, edited by Timothy Shaw and ' Sola Ojo. Washington, DC: University Press of America, 1982. 104-136 pp. SUBJECTS: Regional development, Uneven development, Underdevelopment, International economic system, Decolonization, Economic integration, Economic interdependence. 3272 Shaw, Timothy. "Towards a political economy of regionalism in Africa." In: The Future of Regionalism in Africa, edited by Ralph I. Onwuka and Amadu Sesay. London: Macmillan, 1985. 8-21 pp. SUBJECTS: Political economy studies, Regional integration, Interna-

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tional cooperation, Regionalism, Regional development. 3273 Shaw, Timothy M., and Olajide Aluko, eds. Africa Projected: From Recession to Renaissance by the Year 2000? London: Macmillan, 1985. 217 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Economic development, International relations, Agricultural production, W o m e n ' s studies, Economic integration, Regionalism, Government analysis. KEYWORDS: OAU. 3274 Shaw, Timothy M. "Debates about Africa's future: The Brandt, World Bank and Lagos Plan blueprints." Third World Quarterly 5, no. 2 (April 1983): 330-344. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, International economic system, Development policy, Liberalism, Nationalism, Self-reliance. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; protectionism; World Bank; Brandt Commission Report 1980; Berg Report 1981. 3275 Shaw, Timothy M. "Dilemmas and dialectics of regional (under)development in the 1980s: Self-reliance reconsidered." In: Regional Development at the International Level: African and Canadian Perspectives, edited by Timothy M. Shaw and Yash Tandon. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1985.9-40 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Development policy, Economic integration, Regionalism. KEYWORDS: EC A; ECOWAS; Lagos Plan of Action 1980; SADCC. 3276 Shaw, Timothy M., and Yash Tandon, eds. Regional Development at the International Level: African and Canadian Perspectives. Vol. 2 of 2. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1985. 278 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Zimbabwe, Swaziland. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic integration, Regional development, Technological development. KEYWORDS: ECOWAS; SADCC; PTA (Preferential Trade Area); KBO (Kagera Basin Organization); Canada-Africa relations. 3277 Shaw, Timothy M., and Yash Tandon, eds. Regional Development at the National Level: Canadian and African Perspectives. Vol. 1 of 2. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1985. 324 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Zambia. SUBJECTS: International relations, Policy analysis, Development policy, Regional development, Regional planning policy. 3278 Shaw, Timothy M. "Regional development in Africa and Canada: Public policy and political economy." In: Regional Development at the International Level: African and Canadian Perspectives, edited by Timothy M. Shaw and Yash Tandon. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1985.1-8 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Regional development, Economic integration, Economic development policy, Foreign aid, Regionalism. KEYWORDS: African Association of Political Science; Canadian Political Science Association. 3279 Shaw, Timothy M. "The political economy of Africa's futures." In: Alternative Futures for Africa, edited by Timothy M. Shaw. Boulder,Colorado: Westview, 1982. l-16pp.SUBJECTS: Liberation movement, Self-reliance, Political economy studies, Economic integration. KEYWORDS: EC A. 3280 Shaw, Timothy M. 'The revival of regionalism in Africa: Cure for crisis or prescription for conflict?" The Jerusalem Journal of International Relations 11, no. 4 (1989): 79-105. SUBJECTS: Regional cooperation, Economic development, Self-reliance. KEYWORDS: ECOWAS; SADCC; PTA (Preferential Trade Area). Analyzes the origin of the new African regional organizations such as ECOWAS, SADCC, and PTA for East and Southern Africa. Notes the constraints that Africa operates under in the current rules of international relations and economic development. Discusses the extreme difficulties that these regional organizations will encounter in

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the 1990s and beyond. 3281 Shaw, Timothy M. "The revival of regionalism: Cure for crisis or prescription for conflict?" In: Africa in World Politics: Into the 1990s, edited by Ralph I. Onwuka and Timothy M. Shaw. Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan, 1989.99-126 pp. SUBJECTS: Political economy studies, Foreign policy, Regionalism, National development, Self-reliance. KEYWORDS: OAU; SADCC; ECOWAS. Considers both the "orthodox" and "radical" modes of analysis and modes of production, taking into account the relationship between theory and policy. Stresses alternative approaches to analysis and alternative development strategies. 3282 Shaw, Timothy M. "Towards a political economy of the Lagos Plan: Innovation, interest and ideology." In: Continental Crisis: The Lagos Plan of Action and Africa's Future, edited by David Fashole Luke and Timothy M. Shaw. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1984. 73-102 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Crisis management, Development policy, Economic integration, Self-reliance. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; World Bank; OAU. 3283 Shepherd, George W., Jr. "African people's rights: The third generation in a global perspective." In: Emerging Human Rights: The African Political Economy Context, edited by George W. Shepherd, Jr. and Mark O. C. Anikpo. New York: Greenwood, 1990. 39-54 pp. SUBJECTS: Self-determination, Human rights, Nationalism, National liberation movement. KEYWORDS: Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948; African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 1981; OAU. Examines the process that majority rights have undergone to be initiated in Africa in specific legal form. Looks at how these rights have been implemented within African states, between them, and in the international system. 3284 Simpson, Mark S. C. "South-South cooperation: Africa's Brazilian option." In: Economic Development in Africa, edited by Olusola Akinrinade and J. Kurt Barling. London: Pinter, 1987. 199217 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic cooperation, Technology transfer, Regional cooperation, International relations. KEYWORDS: BrazilAfrica relations; South-South relations. Considers the increasing interest given to South-South cooperation and the contribution this could make to the development process. Examines African exchanges with Brazil. 3285 Sinkondo, Marcel H. "Les Sources du droit de l'état a la sécurité: le cas de l ' A f r i q u e . " Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 42, no. 4 (October/December 1988): 867-889. SUBJECTS: National security, Civil rights, Intervention policy, Regional integration, Regional development. KEYWORDS: UN Security Council; neutrality. States that political, economic, ethnic, and military fragility have made it necessary for African governments to protect their countries from both internal and international turbulence. Argues that international law has done little to help increase stability among African nations so they resort to neutrality. 3286 Thisen, J. K. "Alternative approaches to economic integration in Africa." Africa Development/Afrique et développement 13, no. 4 (1988): 19-60. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic integration, Regional development, Free market. KEYWORDS: East African Common Market; ECOWAS; PTA (Preferential Trade Area). Examines the approaches taken to the prospects for integrated economic development in African through a common economic community. Addresses each region's efforts, cooperation by each sector, and the debate over free market versus planned approaches to integration. 3287 Tshinga, Ahuka. "Le Stabex, système de stabilisation des recettes d'exportation sous la convention de Lomé I: principes et

opérations." Zaïre-Afrique 169 (November 1982): 517-532. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic development, Economic integration, Regional development. KEYWORDS: ACP (African, Caribbean, and Pacific Countries); STABEX (stabilization of export earnings from commodities); Lomé Convention 1975. 3288 Visser, Fritz. "The principle of permanent sovereignty over natural resources and the nationalization of foreign interests." The Comparative and International Law Journal ofSouthern Africa2\, no. 1 (March 1988): 76-91. SUBJECTS: Self-determination, Natural resource management, Foreign investment, International law, Nationalization. Discusses the development and application of the doctrine of permanent sovereignty over natural resources and the process used to nationalize foreign interests and holding. Outlines the standard used in determining compensation for the owner of interests that are nationalized and the body of international law surrounding such actions. 3289 Welo, Vava Apayé. "L'Afrique et l'idée de defense collective." Les Nouvelles rationalités africaines 3, no. 10 (January 1988): 171180. SUBJECTS: Regional development, Regional integration, Decolonization. KEYWORDS: ANAD (Accord de Non Aggression et d'Assistance en matière de Défense); ECOWAS. Examines the implications of regional defense treaties between African nations, both at the regional and subregional level. Explores in detail ECOWAS and the ANAD. 3290 Zartman, I. W. "Issues of African diplomacy in the 1980s." Orbis 25, no. 4 (Winter 1982): 1025-1043. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, International conflict, Regional development, Regional integration, Regional security, Economic integration. KEYWORDS: OAU; SADCC; ECOWAS; Waddafi, Muammar. 3291 Zartman, I. W. "Strengthening the OAU: Perspectives and possibilities." In: African Development: The OAU ¡ECA Plan of Action and Beyond, edited by Ralph I. Onwuka, 'Layi Abegunrin, and Dhanjoo N. Ghista. Lawrenceville, Virginia: Brunswick Publishing, 1985. 16-31 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Regionalism, Economic integration, Reform. KEYWORDS: OAU. SEE ALSO 10080, 16024.

Religion

3292 An-Na'im, Abdullahi Ahmed, and Francis M. Deng. Human Rights in Africa: Cross-Cultural Perspectives. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1990. 399 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Human rights, Christianity, Islam. KEYWORDS: Akan people; Dinka people. Makes a strong case for the universality of the fundamental principles that underlie international standards of human rights. Includes religious and cultural perspectives and assesses the prospects for a cross-cultural approach to the issue. 3293 Bakutu, P. Kamainda. "Consacrée et l'église locale." In: Le Charisme de la vie consacrée, edited by Faculté de Théologie Catholique. Kinshasa, Zaire: Semaine Théologique de Kinshasa, 1985. 163171 pp. SUBJECTS: Religion, Christianity. KEYWORDS: local church; Catholic Church. 3294 Bayart, Jean-François. "L'Eglises chrétiennes et la politique du ventre: le partage du gâteau ecclésial." Politique africaine no. 35 (October 1989): 3-26. SUBJECTS: Christianity, Religion, Religious politics, Monetary policy. Examines the multiple roles of church leaders in Africa. Presents

AFRICA/Religion • 207 intrachurch debates on leaders' taking advantage of their positions for personal gain in African communities. Questions church legitimacy. 3295 Benjelloun, Abdelaziz. "Les Fondements islamiques de la société politique." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 38, no. 2 (April/June 1984): 315-327. SUBJECTS: Judicial system, Islamic society, Religion, Political development. 3296 Beya, Mbuyi. "Faire la théologie dans la perspective des femmes africaines." Les Nouvelles rationalités africaines 4, no. 14 (April/June 1989): 56-70. SUBJECTS: Religion, Christianity, Women's rights. KEYWORDS: theology; Catholic Church. Continues a theological debate by women over their discrimination as women and Third World peoples. Claims that theological work offers women a particular possibility to struggle for the right to life and dignity as women. Examines the situation of women in society and the church as well as their depiction in the Bible. Looks at possibilities for change and offers recommendations. 3297 Byll Cataria, J. B. Contribution à l'unité religieuse et politique de l'Afrique. Paris: Pensée Universelle, 1981. 308 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Christianity, Education system, Religion, Political development, Social development policy. 3298 Cheza, Maurice. "Vers le synode continental africain." Les Nouvelles rationalités africaines 4, no. 14 (April/June 1989): 7-16. SUBJECTS: Christianity, Religion, Religious politics. KEYWORDS: Catholic Church; theology. Analyzes the prehistory of the idea of an African continental assembly for church governance and looks at the actual progress of the proposition. Emphasizes risks for Africa and for the entire church. Questions methods and content of the movement. 3299 Crafford, D. "African Christianity: A miracle or a tragedy?" Africa Insight 12, no. 3 (1982): 153-159. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Christianity, Religion, Models. KEYWORDS: Pan African Christian League; theology. 3300 de Haes, René. "Idéologie et théologie." Zaïre-Afrique no. 244 (April/May 1990): 221-228. SUBJECTS: Ideologies, Christianity, Religion. KEYWORDS: theology. Examines the meaning and influence of ideology on science, Utopian views of society, Christianity, and theology. 3301 De Haes, René. "La Vie consacrée dans la pensée de l'église." In: Le Charisme de la vie consacrée, edited by Faculté de Théologie Catholique. Kinshasa, Zaire: Semaine Théologique de Kinshasa, 1985.103-108 pp. SUBJECTS: Religion, Christianity. KEYWORDS: theology; Catholic Church. 3302 de Meester, Paul. "Inculturation et africanisation? Approche littéraire et dialectique d'un text biblique: Actes, 17:22-32." Les Nouvelles rationalités africaines 4, no. 14 (April/June 1989): 23-44. SUBJECTS: Religion, Christianity, Indigenization, Cultural policy. KEYWORDS: Africanization; theology. Analyzes the potential and prospects for inculturization and Africanization of the Catholic church according to biblical precedence. Claims that every society possesses some symbolic elements of Christianity and that not all cultures need pass through Judeo-Christianity to become Christian. 3303 Desjeux, Dominique. "L'Afrique musulmane." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 198/199 (1982): 102-109. SUBJECTS: Traditional society, Islamic society, Religion. 3304 Eluy'a Kondo, Dimandja. "Avec foi et lucidité, mais sans chantage ni militantisme inconsidéré." Les Nouvelles rationalités

africaines 4, no. 14 (April/June 1989): 3-5. SUBJECTS: Religion, Christianity, Social change. KEYWORDS: theology; Catholic Church. Introduces the theme of a special issue on African theology entitled "La Théologie africaine. D'ici au synode continental africain." Outlines the search for an African contribution to Christian Catholic theology and the establishment of a special continental assembly for the governance of African Catholicism. 3305 Eluy'a KONDO, Dimandja. "Théologie et réligion africaines dans 'Les Nouvelles rationalités.'" Les Nouvelles rationalités africaines A, no. 14 (April/June 1989): 120-124. biblio. SUBJECTS: Religion, Bibliography, Christianity, Social change, Traditional religion. KEYWORDS: theology; Catholic Church; missionaries. Presents French bibliographic citations on the elaboration of Christian theology in Africa. 3306 Fall, Mar, ed. Orientations de la recherche sur l'Islam en Afrique noire: 1979-1983. Talence, France: Centre d'Etude d'Afrique Noire, 1986.18 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Islam, Historical analysis, Community development, Religious politics, Religion, Education system. KEYWORDS: Arab-Africa relations. Presents bibliographic citations of texts on Islam south of the Sahara, published between 1979 and 1983. 3307 Gellner, Ernest. Muslim Society. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1981. 277 pp. ALSO COVERS: Morocco, Algeria. SUBJECTS: Islamic society, Nationalism, Religious politics, Islam, Religion. KEYWORDS: rural rebellion. 3308 Gilombe, Mudiji Malamba. "Athéisme, hypereligiosité et libération intégrale en Afrique." In: Philosophie africaine: Actes de la lOème Semaine Philosophique de Kinshasa du 30 novembre au 6 décembre 1986, edited by Faculté de Philosophie. Kinshasa, Zaire: Facultés Catholiques de Kinshasa, 1988. 69-79 pp. SUBJECTS: Religion, Political theory, Religious politics, Liberation movement. KEYWORDS: philosophy; atheism. Describes hyperreligious humanism as it occurred during the transition between traditional society and modernity. Questions this ambiguous humanism in the face of atheism, as well as the material basis of liberation and the spiritual awakening in response to disillusionment with the hyperreligious concept. 3309 Glele, Maurice. Religion, culture et politique en Afrique noire. Paris: Economica, 1981. 206 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Religion, Cultural policy, State formation, Christianity, Islamic society, Nationalist movement, Nation-state. 3310 Jules-Rosette, Benetta. "Women in indigenous African cults and churches." In: The Black Woman Cross-Culturally, edited by Filomina Chioma Steady. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Schenkman, 1981. 185-208 pp. ALSO COVERS: Central Africa. SUBJECTS: Religion, Christianity, Gender relations, Women's studies. KEYWORDS: women leaders; independent churches. 3311 Kalond, Mukeng-a. "Enracinement biblique de la vie religieuse." In: Le Charisme de la vie consacrée, edited by Faculté de Théologie Catholique. Kinshasa, Zaire: Semaine Théologique de Kinshasa, 1985. 79-102 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Religion, Christianity. KEYWORDS: theology; Vatican II. 3312 Kalunzu Maka, Malence. "Le Prêtre, chef coutumier." Les Nouvelles rationalités africaines 4, no. 14 (April/June 1989): 45-55. SUBJECTS: Religion, Christianity, Traditional political system. KEYWORDS: theology; Catholic Church. Examines the status of the priest in African communities, comparing him to a traditional chief. Analyzes the particular case of a priest in Zaire who wears the symbols of a traditional chief.

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3313 Kokole, Oman H. "The Islamic factor in African-Arab relations." Third World Quarterly 6, no. 3 (July 1984): 687-702. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Religious politics, Religion, International relations, Islam. KEYWORDS: Arab-Africa relations. 3314 Lesthaeghe, Ron. "Production and reproduction in subSaharan Africa: An overview of organizing principles." In: Reproduction and Social Organization in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Ron J. Lesthaeghe. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, 1989. 13-59 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Christianity, Islam, Kinship, Women's studies, Urbanization, Class analysis, Agricultural production. KEYWORDS: reproduction; social organization. Examines the general connections between social organization and reproductive regimes of sub-Saharan Africa. Explores the impact of Islam and Christianity on the cultural and organizational traits that affect reproduction. Examines the impact of various kinship structures as they pertain to the position of women, security, and the value of children. Assesses the effects of the growth of new economic sectors in both rural and urban areas. 3315 Mazrui, Ali A. "African Islam and competitive religion: Between revivalism and expansion." Third World Quarterly 10, no. 2 (April 1988): 499-518. SUBJECTS: Christianity, Religion, Islam, Foreign policy. Asserts that Islamic revivalism and Islamic expansion have become central in the study of religious developments in Africa. Suggests that a competitive struggle is taking place between the Islamic and Christian religions. Explores the relations between these two major religions. 3316 Mba-Abessole, Paul. "La Dimension religieuse de la décolonisation de l'Afrique." In: La Décolonisation de l'Afrique: vue par des africains: Colloque du 14 décembre 1985, edited by Le Centre Culturel Africain. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1987. 127-140 pp. SUBJECTS: Religion, Decolonization, Religious politics. KEYWORDS: Catholic Church. Analyzes the evolution of independent Christianity in Africa. Looks at religious and political definitions of colonization and decolonization, conditions for religious decolonization, and ways to safeguard Catholicism in Africa. 3317 Moatassime, Mohamed. "L'Islam et le monde moderne dans les relations internationales." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 38, no. 2 (April/June 1984): 328-346. SUBJECTS: International relations, Islamic society, Religious politics, Regional integration. KEYWORDS: ISESCO (Organisation Islamique pour l'Education, les Sciences et la Culture. 3318 Momoh, C. S., ed. The Substance of African Philosophy. Auchi, Nigeria: African Philosophy Projects' Publications, 1989. 390 pp. SUBJECTS: Religion, Scientific research, Christianity. KEYWORDS: African philosophy; pansophism; Dogon people. Focuses on various issues in African philosophy, including the problem of method and the mythological question. Looks at the concept of the good man in Hausa and the philosophy of the Igbo religion. Touches upon the Yoruba concept of person. 3319 Nicolas, Guy. Dynamique de l'islam au sud du Sahara. Paris: Publications Orientalistes de France, 1981. 335 pp. biblio, maps. SUBJECTS: Traditional society, Islamic society, Religious politics, Social development policy, Political development. 3320 Nicolas, Guy. "Le Monde arabe et l'Afrique." L'Afrique et l'Asie modernes 156 (1988): 3-39. SUBJECTS: Banking, Islamic society, Arab nations, Religion, International relations. KEYWORDS: Israel-Africa relations; League of Arab States; ArabAfrica relations.

States that during the past few decades, Arab nations have represented an important force in international relations in subSaharan Africa. Examines some of the problems and achievements of Arab-African relations. Assesses the Israeli question, Islamic banking, Arab aid for development, and the role of religion in development. 3321 Nicolas, Guy. "Sociétés africaines, monde arabe et culture islamique." Sociétés africaines, monde arabe et culture islamique 1 (1981): 9-32. SUBJECTS: Arab nations, Religion, Islamic society, Ethnicity, Language policy, State formation. KEYWORDS: Islamic law; Arab-Africa relations. 3322 Nkonko, Mukendi. "Le Christianisme en Afrique: genèse et fonctions sociales." Peuples noirs; peuples africains 8, no. 47 (September/October 1985): 11-23. SUBJECTS: Christianity, Traditional society, Colonialism, Religion. 3323 Nyeme Tese, Abbé. "Engagement politique du chrétien africain dans le développement de la nation." Zaïre-Afrique no. 246 (June/July 1990): 299-310. ALSO COVERS: Zaire. SUBJECTS: Religious politics, Christianity, National development. KEYWORDS: theology. Examines Christian response to and influence on politics and national development in Zaire. Looks at the Christian challenge of the dualism between politics and faith, describes the political agenda of the Christian, and addresses the political engagement of the African Christian in national development. 3324 O'Brien, D. C. "La Filière musulmane." Politique africaine 1, no. 4 (November 1981): 7-30. SUBJECTS: Islamic society, Religious politics, Leadership analysis. KEYWORDS: Sufism; Zawiya (Islamic sect); Jihad (Islamic sect); Tijaniyya (Islamic sect); Qadiriyya (Islamic sect). 3325 Oded, Arye. "The promotion of Islamic activities by Arab countries in Africa—contemporary trends." Asian and African Studies: Journal of the Israel Oriental Society 21, no. 3 (1987): 281-304. ALSO COVERS: Libya, Sudan. SUBJECTS: Religion, Arab nations, Islamic society. KEYWORDS: Islamic Development Bank. Examines the organization of Islamic activities in Egypt, Libya, Sudan, and Kuwait, as well as the role of the Islamic Development Bank in the economic development of African nations. 3326 Osia, Kunirum. "Afro-Arab relations: Elastic or fragile?" AfricanStudiesAssociationPapers 25, no. 79 (November 1982): 1-26. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic relations, Religious conflict, Foreign aid, Islamic society, Islam. KEYWORDS: BADEA (Banque Arabe pour le Développement Economique en Afrique); S A AFA (Special Arab Aid Fund for Africa) ; OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). 3327 Otayek, René, and Comi Toulabor. "Innovations et contestations religieuses." Politique africaine no. 39 (September 1990): 109-123. SUBJECTS: Traditional religion, Christianity, Islam, Economic crisis, Religion. Examines the resurgence of religion as a major manifestation of crisis in Africa. Claims that the traditional religions—Islam and Christianity—are spinning off dissident sects or brotherhoods, putting to question Koranic or evangelical orthodoxy. 3328 Paluku, Musuvaho. "Assimilation, inculturation et syncrétisme. . ." Les Nouvelles rationalités africaines 4, no. 14 (April/June 1989): 90-95. SUBJECTS: Religion, Christianity, Indigenization, Traditional religion. KEYWORDS: theology. Questions the basis of African theology in the Church. Examines inculturation and assimilation of the Bible in Africa. Asks if African theology will succumb to syncretism between the message of the Bible and traditional African beliefs.

AFRICA/Rural Development • 2 0 9

3329 Paluku, Musuvaho. "Quelques réflexions sur les phénomènes." Les Nouvelles rationalités africaines 4, no. 13 (January/March 1989): 103-114. SUBJECTS: Religion, Traditional religion. KEYWORDS: prophetism; theology; Yira people; Catholic Church. Examines the contribution of traditional belief values to the elaboration of an African theology. Emphasizes the traditional beliefs of the Yira people. Aims at missionaries' seeking to understand the traditional belief systems of Africans in order to explain and clarify the Word of God. 3330 Ranager, Terrence O. "Religious movements and politics in sub-Saharan Africa." The African Studies Review 29, no. 2 (June 1986): 1-70. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Religion, Traditional religion, Religious politics, Nationalism, Christianity. KEYWORDS: missionaries; Ethiopianism; Zionism. Analyzes how religion serves to increase political and popular consciousness in sub-Saharan Africa. Discusses how religious organizations play an important role in political liberation movements. 3331 Semaines Théologiques de Kinshasa, ed. La Charisme de la vie consacrée: Actes de la Quinzième Semaine Théologique de Kinshasa (14 au 20 avril 1985). Kinshasa, Zaire: Faculté de Théologie Catholique, 1985.232 pp. SUBJECTS: Religion, Social development policy, Christianity. KEYWORDS: Catholic Church; Franciscan Sisters; theology. 3332 Wan-Tatah, Victor. Emancipation in African Theology: An Inquiry on the Relevance of Latin American Liberation Theology to Africa. New York: Peter Lang, 1989. 225 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Religion, Liberation movement, Colonialism, Christianity. KEYWORDS: liberation theology; missionaries; Latin AmericaAfrica relations; African Christian theology. Traces the nature of Christian origins in Cameroon. Provides a historical survey of early European contacts through missionary activity and analyzes and evaluates the legacy of the missionary past and African Christian leadership. Considers the nature of Latin American liberation theology and its appropriateness in the African context. 3333 Yousuf, Hilmi. African-Arab Relations. Brattleboro, Vermont: Amana, 1986. 212 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Religious politics, Islam, Diplomatic relations, International relations, Political integration. KEYWORDS: Middle East-Africa relations; Israel-Africa relations. Discusses Islam in Africa and its historical role and current influence, diplomatic relations between Africa and the Middle East and between Africa and Israel, and bilateral aid between the Middle East and Africa. Examines the growth of African unity and the inclusion of the Middle East as part of Africa. 3334 Zinga, Bwanga. "L'Inculturation de la vie consacrée en Afrique." In: Le Charisme de la vie consacrée, edited by Faculté de Théologie Catholique. Kinshasa, Zaire: Semaine Théologique de Kinshasa, 1985. 31-48 pp. SUBJECTS: Religion, Christianity, Indigenization. KEYWORDS: Catholic Church; theology. SEE ALSO 10418.

Rural Development

3335 Barker, Jonathan. Rural Communities under Stress: Peasant Farmers and the State in Africa. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1989.228 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Peasant economy, Agricultural marketing, Rural population. Looks beyond the disasters to the deeper logics in peasant farm-

ing in sub-Saharan Africa. Introduces the forces at work in peasant farming and shows how different combinations of endeavor and circumstances shape the experiences and prospects of the rural population. 3336 Beaudoux, Etienne, and Marc Nieuwkerk. Groupements paysans d'Afrique: dossier pour l'action. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1985. 243 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Cameroon, Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Peasant society, Cooperatives, Rural development, Case study. KEYWORDS: DNC (Direction Nationale de la Coopération); ORD (Organisme Régional de Développement); GPC (Groupements Précoopératif de Production); CAETS (Coopérative Agricole Expérimentale de Type Socialiste); SONADER (Société Nationale de Développement Rural). 3337 Belshaw, Deryke, and Ian Thomas. "Rural development challenge to the universities: Safety in theory or danger in practice." The Journal of Modern African Studies 22, no. 1 (March 1984): 109-132. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Development theory, Marxist analysis, Rural planning policy, Research and development, Rural development. 3338 Bibangambah, Jossy. "Approaches to the problem of rural poverty in Africa." In: Challenging Rural Poverty, edited by Fassil Kiros. Trenton, New Jersey: Africa World Press, 1985. 21-59 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Rural poverty, Rural development, Economic development, Poverty, Standard of living, Agricultural development. KEYWORDS: US AID. 3339 Bienen, Henry. "Domestic political considerations for food policy." In: Accelerating Food Production in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by John W. Mellor, Christopher L. Delgado, and Malcolm J. Blackie. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987. 296-308 pp. SUBJECTS: Peasant economy, Food policy, Rural population, Agricultural policy, Income inequality. KEYWORDS: urban bias. Points out that vested interests in urban development and populations may result in policies inimical to rural development. Uses a series of case studies to show that politicians can make rational choices contrary to overall economic efficiency and to successful food production. Focuses on internal politics. 3340 Blakely, Thomas D. "In the eye of the beholder: Small farmer and administrative perspectives on development, bureaucracy and social impacts." African Studies Association Papers 29, no. 12 (October/November 1986): 1-23. ALSO COVERS: Zaire, Kenya. SUBJECTS: Smallholder agriculture, Government bureaucracy, Rural development, Management, Development planning, Rural planning policy. KEYWORDS: PNM (National Maize Program); Shaba Project; development participation; Kinshasa, Zaire; Shaba Region, Zaire. Presents a case study from a rural development project. States that bureaucrats and elitist technicians can undermine a project by serving their own interests rather than those of the community. Argues that both local participation and outside technicians are crucial to effective rural development. 3341 Cabot, Jean, ed. Aménagement rural et organisation de l'espace en Afrique soudano-sahélienne. Montpellier, France: Université Paul-Valéry, 1988.159pp.biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Rural planning policy, Drought, Ecological analysis, Agricultural development. KEYWORDS: Sahel. Examines the rural and agricultural development issues of Sahel in terms of ecological and human problems. Looks at the different development systems carried out by the various countries of the region. 3342 Cahsai, Berhane. "Développement rural intégré et participation

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populaire dans les pays en voie de développement." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 231/232 (1985): 44-54. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Rural development, Integrated rural development, Development planning, Decentralization. KEYWORDS: popular participation; US-Africa relations. 3343 Caimcross, Sandy. "Domestic water supply in rural Africa." In: Rural Transformation in Tropical Africa, edited by Douglas Rimmer. London: Belhaven, 1988. 46-63 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania, Mozambique. SUBJECTS: Water supply, Rural development, Public health, Village development, Consumption pattern. KEYWORDS: disease. Discusses the value of an improved water supply in rural Africa for the encouragement of health, disease prevention, and time-saving. Addresses colonial interests in supplying water and the level of continued investment in the water supply. 3344 Chambers, Robert. The crisis of Africa's rural poor: Perceptions and priorities. Brighton, UK: University of Sussex, Institute of Development Studies, 1985. 21 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Agrarian economy, Basic needs, Rural poverty, Rural planning policy. 3345 Coquery-Vidrovitch, Catherine. "Grands projets, petits périmètres et motivations paysannes, passé, présent, et avenir." In: Les politiques de l'eau en Afrique: développement agricole et participation paysanne, edited by Gérard Coñac, Claudette Savonnet-Guyot, and Françoise Conac. Paris: Economica, 1985. 132-149 pp. SUBJECTS: Water supply, Rural development, Commercial agriculture, Agricultural technology, Peasant society. KEYWORDS: Office du Niger; Volta River Authority; AVB (Autorité pour l'Aménagement de la Vallée du Bandama); OMVS (Organisation pour la Mise en Valeur du Fleuve Sénégal). 3346 Coquery-Vidrovitch, Catherine. "The political economy of the African peasantry and modes of production." In: Political Economy of Contemporary Africa, edited by Peter C. W. Gutkind and Immanuel Wallerstein. Beverly Hills, California: Sage, 1985. 94-116 pp. SUBJECTS: Trade relations, Peasant economy, Traditional society, Socioeconomic analysis, Subsistence economy, Rural population. KEYWORDS: Polanyi's model; modes of production. 3347 Couty, Philippe, Antoineet Hallaire, André Lericollais, and Guy Pontie. "Terroirs, ethnies et regions: recherches de l'ORSTOM en milieu rural africain." Cahiers des sciences humaines 20, no. 1 (1984): 25-28. SUBJECTS: Rural population, Village development, Land use policy, Ethnicity. KEYWORDS: modes of production. 3348 de Sardan, O l i v i e r . "Les P a y s a n s a f r i c a i n s f a c e au développement." In: Introductions à la coopération en Afrique noire, edited by BLACT, Antoine Bouillon, and François Devalière. Paris: Karthala, 1983. 9-36 pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Peasant economy, Rural development. KEYWORDS: SODERIZ (Société pour le Développement de la Riziculture). 3349 Doornkamp, John C. "Physical basis for planning in the Third World: Rural planning." Third World Planning Review 4, no. 2 (May 1982): 119-128. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Zimbabwe, Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Rural development, Rural planning policy, Environmental degradation, Natural resource management. 3350 Ela, Jean-Marc. L'Afrique des villages. Paris: Karthala, 1982. 228 pp. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Rural development, Village development, Peasant society, Agricultural cooperatives, State formation. KEYWORDS: urban bias.

3351 Friedmann, John. "Regional planning for rural mobilization in Africa." Rural Africana no. 12/13 (Winter/Spring 1981/1982): 3-20. SUBJECTS: Regional planning policy, Rural development, State intervention, Household analysis, Village development. 3352 Friedmann, John. Regional Planning for Rural Mobilization in Africa. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California, 1981. 14 pp. SUBJECTS: Regional planning policy, State interv e n t i o n , V i l l a g e d e v e l o p m e n t , H o u s e h o l d analysis, R u r a l development. 3353 Gentil, Dominique. Les Pratiques coopératives en milieu rural africain. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1984.147 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Cooperatives, Socioeconomic analysis, Agrarian reform, Peasant society. 3354 Gourade, G. "Villes/Campagnes: les liaisons dangereuses." In: Nourrir les villes en Afrique sub-saharienne, edited by N. Bricas, G. Courade, J. Coussy, and Ph. Hugon. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1985. 67-81 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Rural-urban relations, Food production, Rural development, Socioeconomic analysis. KEYWORDS: Lagos, Nigeria; Yaoundé, Cameroon. 3355 GRAAP (Groupe de recherche et d'appui p o u r . . . ) . Paroles de brousse: des villageois africains racontent. Paris: Karthala, 1982.115 pp. SUBJECTS: Village development, Rural development, Agricultural cooperatives, Peasant society, Literacy, Food production. KEYWORDS: gumbo production; small-scale development. 3356 Guichaoua, André. Destins paysans et politiques agraires en Afrique centrale. Tome 2. La Liquidation du "monde paysan" congolais. Vol. 2 of 2. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1989. 191 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Congo. SUBJECTS: Peasant economy, Regional development, Rural-urban relations, Colonialism, Agricultural development, Peasant society. Examines the relationship between agrarian economy reforms and the peasant society, in Congo, a country of central Africa. Addresses issues of colonialism and socioeconomic problems, agricultural productivity, and peasant society and rural-urban relations. 3357 Havet, José, ed. Le Village et le bidonville: rétention et migration des populations rurales d'Afrique. Ottawa, Canada: Université d'Ottawa, 1986. 252 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Rural-urban migration, Agricultural production, Detention, Health service, Rural planning policy, Population distribution. KEYWORDS: Botha, Pieter W.; IDIC (Institut de Développement International et de Coopération). Analyzes both the problems that instigate rural to urban migration and their resolution. Studies the retention of rural populations in the countryside and the difficulties associated with that concept. Looks at the necessity, form, and implications of retention policies. 3358 INADES, ed. Causes et conséquences de la pauvreté rurale en Afrique: Bibliographie annotée. Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: INADES Documentation, 1985.35 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Rural poverty, Public administration, Food policy, Rural-urban migration, Rural population, Demographic analysis. KEYWORDS: INADES (Institut Africain pour le Développement Economique et Social); soil conservation. 3359 International Labour Organisation. Rural-Urban Gap and Income Distribution: A Comparative Sub-regional Study: Synthesis Report of Seventeen African Countries. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Jobs and Skills Programme for Africa, 1984. 67 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic inequality, Rural development, Income distribution, Urban development, Regional economics, Rural-urban relations. 3360 Isaacmen, Allen. "Peasants and rural social protest in Africa."

AFRICA/Rural Development The African Studies Review 33, no. 2 (April 1990): 1-120. SUBJECTS: Peasant society, Political analysis, Agrarian economy, Social change, Rural population. Analyzes the role of peasants in societal changes in modern Africa. Notes the uniqueness of peasants in the degree to which they are autonomous from the state. Suggests that peasants choose to struggle only when the state, or appropriating class, usurps peasant autonomy. 3361 Jeppe, W. J. O. Community Development: An African Rural Approach. Pretoria, RSA: Africa Institute of South Africa, 1985. 106 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Integrated rural development, Community development, Urbanization, Case study, Migration pattern, Rural population. KEYWORDS: Bophuthatswana homeland, RSA. 3362 Kiros, Fassil, ed. Challenging Rural Poverty. Trenton, New Jersey: Africa World, 1985. 234 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Underdevelopment, Rural development, Population growth, Case study, Economic development, Famine, Rural population. 3363 Lipton, Michael. Improving the Impact of Aid for Rural Development. Brighton, UK: Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, 1987. 27 pp. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Development financing, Agricultural cooperatives, Poverty, Rural planning policy. KEYWORDS: agricultural history; donor agency. 3364 Livingstone, Ian. Choices for Rural and Urban Development in Africa in the 1980s and Beyond. Norwich, UK: School of Development Studies, University of East Anglia, 1983. 40 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Kenya, Malawi. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Import substitution, Smallholder agriculture, Peasant economy, Urban development, Policy recommendation, Income distribution. KEYWORDS: agroindustry; employment creation. 3365 Madjri, John D. R. "Community self-development in African rural societies." In: Démocratisation of National Development in Africa, edited by Albert Tévoédjrè. Geneva, Switzerland: International Institute for Labour Studies, 1983. 41-52 pp. SUBJECTS: Models, Peasant society, Rural development. 3366 Mehretu, Assefa, and David J. Campbell. "Regional planning for small communities in rural Africa: A critical survey." Rural Africana no. 12/13 (Winter/Spring 1981/1982): 91-110. biblio. SUBJECTS: Development theory, Rural planning policy, Regional planning policy, Marxist analysis, Rural development. KEYWORDS: agropolitan development; growth pole theory. 3367 Mhlanga, Liberty. "Rural development planning in Africa: Exploring new alternative methods." Rural Africana no. 12/13 (Winter/Spring 1981/1982): 61-74. SUBJECTS: Rural planning policy, Peasant society, Rural-urban relations, Development theory. 3368 Motaze, Akam. Le Défi paysan en Afrique: le laamido et le paysan dans le nord du Cameroun. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1990.239 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Cameroon. SUBJECTS: Peasant society, Peasant economy, Ethnicity, Rural population, Rural development, Class analysis. KEYWORDS: Northern Province, Cameroon; Fulani people. Draws on historical accounts to examine the socioeconomic structure of Fulani peasant society in the Northern Province of Cameroon. Explores the problematics of rural development in Africa in general, through the relations and the social conflicts between the class of small peasants and the ruling rural class and THE onal political class. 3369 Muzaale, Patrick J. "Rural poverty, social development and their implications for fieldwork practice." Journal of Social Development in Africa 2, no. 1 (1987): 75-87. SUBJECTS: Rural poverty,

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Social development policy, Research methodology, Rural development. Examines current ideas about the causes of rural poverty and their implications for fieldwork in social development. Defines social development. 3370 Ntahombaye, Philippe. Questions sur la paysannerie au Burundi: actes de la table ronde sur "Sciences sociales humaines et développement rural" organisée par la Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines. Bujumbura, Burundi: Université du Burundi, 1987. 452 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Burundi. SUBJECTS: Peasant society, Smallholder agriculture, Rural development, Regional development, Agricultural extension service, Traditional society, Demographic analysis. A series of essays on the lives of small farmers and the farmers' reaction to incoming development projects. Includes works on traditional culture and society and describes the impact of development organizations on farm life from colonial times to the present. 3371 Okali, C. "Rural sociology." In: Readings in Nigerian Rural Society and Rural Economy, edited by O. Otite and C. Okali. Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann, 1990. 3-12 pp. SUBJECTS: Sociological analysis, Rural population, Cultural policy, Anthropological analysis, Rural development. Provides a brief overall view of the various perspectives from which rural development in Africa has been considered. Examines agrarian social structures. Assesses the contribution of the field of cultural anthropology to the understanding of rural societies. 3372 Opanga, Ekanga. "Les Stratégies de développement et la dialectique du changement social en milieu rural africain." Les Nouvelles rationalités africaines 2, no. 5 (October 1986): 149-174. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Development planning, Integrated rural development, Cooperatives, Traditional society, Social development policy. KEYWORDS: rural animation. Examines African rural development policies. Emphasizes integrated rural development models, rural animation, cooperatives, and traditional social structures in the development process. Suggests that development planning must consider social and historical structures within Africa. 3373 Paris, Pierre. "Les Programmes d'hydraulique villageoise au sahel: un cas d'intervention dans les sociétés rurales." In: L'eau: quels enjeux pour les sociétés rurales, edited by Dominique Desjeux. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1985. 41-64 pp. SUBJECTS: Water supply, Village development, Technology, Rural planning policy. KEYWORDS: Sahel. 3374 Paul, James C. N. "Participatory approaches to human rights in sub-Saharan Africa." In: Human Rights in Africa: Cross-Cultural Perspectives, edited by Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na'im and Francis M. Deng. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1990. 213-239 pp. SUBJECTS: Human rights, Rural population, International law, Rural development. Explores the role of human rights in the development of economies and societies geared to the cultures and needs of rural people in sub-Saharan Africa. Examines some universal rights that are of particular relevance to rural people. Discusses the historical development of "modern" states, their political and economic characteristics, and their effect on rural societies. 3375 Pradervand, Pierre. "Rolling back the desert—with bare hands." Rural Africana no. 28/29 (Spring/Fall 1987): 35-45. tables. ALSO COVERS: West Africa. SUBJECTS: Peasant society, Grass roots movement, Foreign aid, Development theory, Rural development. KEYWORDS: France-Africa relations; SSSSSS (Se Servir de la Saison Sèche en Savanne et en Sahel); Ouedraogo, Ledea Bernard. Describes the massive grass roots organization called 6-S, which

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translates into English as "To use the dry season in the savannaand the Sahel." Notes why traditional aid approaches to African development have failed. Analyzes the many activities of 6-S as well as their financing methods. Recommends 6-S as a model. 3376 Savonnet-Guyot, Claudette. "Un Développement au péril du paysan." In: Les Politiques de l'eau en Afrique: développement agricole et participation paysanne, edited by Gérard Conac, Claudette Savonnet-Guyot, and Françoise Conac. Paris: Economica, 1985.195204 pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Peasant society, Technology transfer, Peasant economy. KEYWORDS: sociopolitical analysis. 3377 Tévoédjrè, Albert, ed. Démocratisation of National Development in Africa. Geneva, Switzerland: International Institute for Labour Studies, 1983. 125 pp. SUBJECTS: Income distribution, Rural development, Integrated rural development, Education policy, Development policy, Self-reliance. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; OAU. 3378 Williams, Gavin. "Farmers, herders, and the state." Rural Africana no. 25/26 (Spring/Fall 1986): 1-10. biblio. SUBJECTS: Peasant society, Project design, Environmental degradation, Pastoralism, Rural development. KEYWORDS: patron-client relations. Addresses development projects and the forms of government intervention funded through international agencies. Explores the relevance of economic interests and political instruments in the pursuit of African state agricultural policies. 3379 Williams, Gavin. 'Taking the part of peasants: Rural development in Nigeria and Tanzania." In: Political Economy of Contemporary Africa, edited by Peter C. W. Gutkind and Immanuel Wallerstein. Beverly Hills, California: Sage, 1985.144-180 pp. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria, Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Rural development, Peasant economy, Government regulation, Development policy. KEYWORDS: Ujamaa ideology, Tanzania; State Trading Corporation; National Milling Corporation. 3380 Williams, Gavin. 'The World Bank and the peasant problem." In: Rural Development in Tropical Africa, edited by Judith Heyer, Pepe Roberts, and Gavin Williams. New York: St. Martin's, 1981. 16-51 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Capitalism, Agricultural production, Agricultural policy, Taxation policy, Standard of living, Peasant society. KEYWORDS: World Bank. SEE ALSO 4578, 6041, 6042, 6046.

Social Movement

3381 Balogh, Andras, and Zafar Imam. A Political History of National Liberation Movements in Asia and Africa, 1914-1985. New Delhi, India: ABC, 1988. 300 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: National liberation movement, Colonialism, Resistance movement. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; FRELIMO. Discusses the liquidation of the colonial system through national liberation movements. Provides a history of anticolonialism and of the struggles first for fundamental economic needs and then for political demands. Includes Ghana, Nigeria, Kenya, the French colonies (Madagascar, Guinea), Mozambique, Zimbabwe, and Angola. 3382 Buijtenhuijs, Robert. "People's war in Africa: The quest for 'movements of maturity.'" Africa: Journal of the International African Institute IRevue de I'Institut Africain International 59, no. 3 (1989): 381-390. SUBJECTS: Revolutionary movement, Political

theory, Resistance movement. KEYWORDS: Davidson, Basil. Discusses Basil Davidson's distinction between less mature and mature movements and asks whether it is a useful one. Argues that Davidson's argument is evolutionary and that although the concept makes sense technically, it becomes less useful when associated with ideology and is frequently irrelevant to a sociological analysis. 3383 Coquery-Vidrovitch, Catherine. "Révoltes et résistance en Afrique noire: une tradition de résistance paysanne à la colonisation." Labour, Capital and Society/Travail, capital et société 16, no. 1 (April 1983): 35-63. SUBJECTS: Resistance movement, Peasant society, Colonialism, National liberation movement, Religious politics, Islam. 3384 d'Almeida-Topor, Hélène, and Odile Goerg, eds. Le Mouvement associatif des jeunes en Afrique noirefrancophone au XXe siècle. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1989. 138 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Youth issues, Historical analysis, Political analysis, Colonialism, Student protest, Political movement. KEYWORDS: JRDA (Jeunesse du Rassemblement Démocratique Africain); UNBEA (Union Nationale des Etudiants du Burundi); JRR (Jeunesse Révolutionnaire Rwagasore). Draws on historical accounts to address youth issues in Francophone Africa. Looks at the origin and the structure of various countries' youth organizations, both during colonialism and during the postindependence era. 3385 d'Almeida-Topor, Hélène. "Les Associations de jeunesse en A.O.F. (1946-1960): évolution d'ensemble et particularités locales." In: Le Mouvement associatif des jeunes en Afrique noire francophone au XXe siècle, edited by Hélène d'Almeida-Topor and Odile Goerg. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1989. 53-68 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Youth issues, Colonialism, Historical analysis, Political movement, Political activism. KEYWORDS: AOF (Afrique Occidentale Française). Draws on history to examine the youth organization movement in Francophone West Africa, from 1946 to 1960. Looks at the structure and organization of those organizations in different countries. Addresses the colonial cultural policy beneath the formation and the functioning of the organizations. 3386 Freyhold, Michaela von. "Labour movements or popular struggles in Africa." Review ofAfrican Political Economy 39 (1987): 23-32. biblio. SUBJECTS: Labor union, Class struggle, Dependency theory, Political activism, Resistance movement. Criticizes dependency theory for its assumption that local class struggle is unimportant. Considers class struggle vital to the future of underdeveloped countries. Suggests that labor movements are better seen in the light of local struggles than in terms of external class domination. 3387 Gromyko, Anatoly. Africa Today: Progress, Difficulties, Perspectives. Moscow, USSR: Social Sciences Today, USSR Academy of Sciences, 1983. 199 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa, Namibia. SUBJECTS: Socialist revolution, Working class, National liberation movement, Imperialism, Economic development, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: USSR October Socialist Revolution 1917; USSR-Africa relations; UN. 3388 Hamer, John H. "Preconditions and limits in the formation of associations: The self-help and cooperative movement in sub-Saharan Africa." The African Studies Review 24, no. 1 (March 1981): 113-132. SUBJECTS: Self-help, Grassroots movement, Cooperatives, Conflict resolution, Political activism. KEYWORDS: community participation. 3389 Houser, George M. "Assessing Africa's Liberation Struggle." Africa Today 34, no. 4 (1987): 17-32. SUBJECTS: National liberation movement, Decolonization, Independence movement, Political in-

AFRICA/Socioeconomic Analysis •

stability, International relations, Intervention policy. KEYWORDS: CIA; Lumumba, Patrice. Describes thirty years of turmoil in Africa, including liberation wars. Analyzes the impact of international intervention such as the CIA's activities and the assassination of Lumumba. Argues that despite the problems of the postcolonial period, there was no alternative to the struggle for self-determination. 3390 Kalu, Viktor Eke, ed. The Soviet Union in World Politics: Essays in the Global Significance of the USSR and Issues in SovietAfrican Relations. Enugu, Nigeria: Fourth Dimension, 1988. 245 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Socialist revolution, National liberation movement, Neocolonialism, Revolutionary movement, Apartheid. KEYWORDS: USSR-Africa relations. Considers the presence of the USSR in world politics since the Russian revolution. Discusses the significance of the USSR as a socialist state, the USSR's revolutionary heritage, and specific USSRAfrica relations. 3391 Newitt, Malyn. Portugal in Africa: The Last Hundred Years. London: C. Hurst, 1981.278 pp. biblio, maps. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Political history, Resistance movement, Independence movement. 3392 Nkaia, J. C. "Legality of use of force by national liberation movements." In: New Perspectives and Conceptions of International Law: An Afro-European Dialogue, edited by K. Gintherand W. Benedek. Vienna, Austria: Springer-Verlag, 1983. 186-198 pp. SUBJECTS: National liberation movement, Human rights, International law, Resistance movement. KEYWORDS: UN General Assembly; OAU. 3393 Smith, Chris. "Disarmament, peace movements and the Third World." Third World Quarterly 6, no. 4 (October 1984): 892-910. SUBJECTS: Military budget, International relations, Nuclear energy, Nonviolence, Resistance movement. KEYWORDS: peace movement; disarmament. 3394 Sylla, Georges T. "La Jeunesse africaine et la décolonisation: 1885-1985." In: La Décolonisation de l'Afrique: vue par des africains: Colloque du 14 décémbre 1985, edited by le Centre Culturel Africain. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1987. 52-69 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Decolonization, Independence movement, Student protest, Youth issues. KEYWORDS: FEANF (Fédération des Etudiants d'Afrique Noire en France). Analyzes the evolution of student resistance and support for decolonization from 1885 to 1985. Introduces a debate on the role played by African youth in African independence movements. 3395 Traoré, Sekou. La Fédération des Etudiants d'Afrique Noire en France. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1985. 102 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Student protest, Political opposition, Liberation movement, Youth issues. KEYWORDS: FEANF (Fédération des Etudiants d'Afrique Noire en France). 3396 von Plate, Bernard. "Revolutionary change in Africa: Some implications for East German policy behavior." In: The Soviet Impact in Africa, edited by R. Craig Nation and Mark V. Kauppi. Lexington, Massachusetts: Lexington, 1984. 87-103 pp. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, Liberation movement, Revolutionary movement. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO.

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Situation: Crucial Factors of Development and Transformation. London: Hans Zell, 1990. 215 pp. SUBJECTS: Social change, Social development policy, Pastoralism, Refugees, Gender relations, Employment, Demographic analysis. A collection of articles on effecting genuine socioeconomic transformation in Africa. Suggests approaches to social development, describes the movement from pastoralism to cultivation, recommends ways to aid refugees, analyzes the situation of women, and connects demography to labor issues. 3398 Aleksandrovskaya, L. I. "Production and utilisation of national income in African countries." Africa in Soviet Studies (1984): 170232. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Income distribution, Socialism, Class analysis, N e o c o l o n i a l i s m , R e s o u r c e distribution. KEYWORDS: small-scale production. 3399 Association for Social Work Education in Africa. ASWEA 4th Conference on Social Development Training in Africa: Experiences of the 1970's and Emerging Trends of the 1980's. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Association for Social Work Education in Africa, 1982.143 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Socioeconomic analysis, Social development policy, Project design, Indigenization, Development theory. KEYWORDS: social science discipline; Lagos Plan of Action 1980. 3400 Bahri, Ahmed. "L'Afrique du 21ème siècle." In: Population et sociétés en Afrique au sud du Sahara, edited by Dominique Tabutin. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1988. 497-512 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Social change, Population growth, Fertility, Social development policy. Evaluates obstacles in the road of African development. Proposes solutions and posits hope for the future. 3401 Bates, Robert H. "Modernization, ethnic competition, and the rationality of politics in contemporary Africa." In: State Versus Ethnic Claims: African Policy Dilemmas, edited by Donald Rothchild and Victor A. Olorunsola. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1983. 152-171 pp. SUBJECTS: Socioeconomic analysis, Modernization, Ethnicity, Social stratification, Income distribution, Employment. 3402 Berry, Sara. "Social institutions and access to resources." Africa: Journal of the International African Institute/Revue de l'institut africain international 59, no. 1 (1989): 41-55. biblio. SUBJECTS : Historical analysis, Agricultural sector, Sociological analysis, Resource distribution. KEYWORDS: institutional studies. Describes some strategies fanners use to cope with the agricultural crisis. Analyzes the implications of farmers' varying access to productive resources due to their participation in social institutions. Examines the ways that such institutions channel resources and shape investment. 3403 Cleary, Seamus. "Towards a new adjustment in Africa?" AfricanEnvironment 25/28 (1990): 353-371. tables. ALSOCOVERS: Zambia, Ghana. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Poverty, Socioeconomic analysis. Assesses the impact of economic recovery programs in Africa to date. Describes the characteristics of such programs and their negative impacts. Considers government responses to mitigate social consequences. Concludes that fundamental changes are needed in African structural adjustment programs.

Socioeconomic Analysis

3404 Coetzee, Jan K. "Microsociological foundation for development." Development Southern Africa 1, no. 3/4 (November 1984): 253-275. biblio. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Underdevelopment, Sociological analysis, Social change.

3397 AC ARTSOD (African Centre for Applied Research and Training in Social Development) and Adebayo Adedeji. The African Social

3405 Davis, Morris, and Steven Thomas. "Disasters and governments." The Journal of Conflict Resolution 26, no. 3 (1982): 547-568. tables. SUBJECTS: Resource distribution, Crisis management, Resource distribution.

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• AFRICA/Socioeconomic Analysis

3406 Dobrska, Zofia. "General trends of income distribution in Africa." Africana Bulletin 35 (1988): 105-114. SUBJECTS: Income distribution, Social stratification, Income inequality. Examines income stratification by African country and asks what factors will influence the pattern in the future. States that income stratification in Africa is much more extensive than in the developed countries. 3407 Forje, John W. "Imperatives of social intelligence as an instrument for socio-economic transformation in Africa." Journal of Eastern African Research and Development 18 (1988): 145-163. tables. SUBJECTS: Socioeconomic analysis, Technology, Underdevelopment, Education system, Social development policy. KEYWORDS: intelligence quotient. Asserts that one of the major barriers to African development is lack of access to scientific research, to education, and, more important, to scientific modes of thinking. Analyzes possible ways to change that lack and to support development. 3408 Forje, John W. "Modernization, development, and alienpenetration." Journal of African Studies 11, no. 3 (Fall 1984): 121128. SUBJECTS: Modernization, Technological development, Poverty, Social change. 3409 Gonidec, P. F. "Sociologie politique de l'Afrique." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 251/252 (1986/87): 7-22. SUBJECTS: Sociological analysis, Social change, International relations, Regional planning policy. KEYWORDS: OAU. Argues for a new approach to political sociology in Africa and defines the new approach as removed from Western, colonial biases. Considers three political factors: the global society, the international and internal functions that maintain a given social order, and the institutions that carry those functions. 3410 Howard, Rhoda E. "Group versus individual identity in the African debate on human rights." In: Human Rights in Africa: CrossCultural Perspectives, edited by Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na'im and Francis M. Deng. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1990. 159-183 pp. SUBJECTS: Human rights, Ideologies, Social change, Sociological analysis. Argues that even if Africans are far more group oriented than individualistically oriented, the conclusion that human rights are therefore irrelevant to African societies does not necessarily follow. 3411 Isamah, Austin N. "Approaches to social development." In: The African Social Situation: Crucial Factors of Development and Transformation, edited by ACARTSOD (African Centre for Applied Research and Training in Social Development). London: Hans Zell, 1990. 47-65 pp. SUBJECTS: Social development policy, Modernization, Socialism, Basic needs, Economic growth policy. Describes the failure of a variety of social development approaches, including those based in economic growth, modernization, socialism, and meeting basic needs. Describes the obstacles that such approaches do not adequately address. 3412 Jolly, Richard. "Poverty and adjustment in the 1990s." African Environment 25/28 (1990): 239-253. tables. ALSOCOVERS: Ghana. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Poverty, Socioeconomic analysis. KEYWORDS: PAMSCAD (Programme of Actions to Mitigate the Social Costs of Adjustment); UNICEF; World Bank. States that growth policies have resulted in declines in poverty in Asia but not in Latin America and Africa, because such policies have not been similarly focused on poverty alleviation. Contrasts UNICEF's Adjustment with a Human Face movement to orthodox adjustment policies. Explores the case of Ghana and PAMSCAD. 3413 Kibuka, Eric P. 'The African social situation: Major elements."

In: The African Social Situation: Crucial Factors of Development and Transformation, edited by ACARTSOD (African Centre for Applied Research and Training in Social Development). London: Hans Zell, 1990. 18-46 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Social development policy, Socioeconomic analysis, Poverty, Social services, Land tenure system, Urbanization. Examines patterns of social deprivation and discusses social services in Africa. Concludes that the social realities facing Africans are severe. Recommends well-planned rural development programs to reduce migration and improve living standards. Suggests that better institutions be created. 3414 Kouassi, Goli. La Prostitution en Afrique: un cas, Abidjan. Abidjan, Cote d'lvoire: Nouvelles Editions Africaines, 1986. 325 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Cote d'lvoire. SUBJECTS: Behavioral analysis, Socioeconomic analysis, Employment, Crime. KEYWORDS: prostitution; Abidjan, Cote d'lvoire. Demonstrates that prostitution in Africa is a social phenomenen. Supports the thesis by tracing the origins of prostitution, describing the principal actors concerned, and revealing the extent to which prostitution has become part of the social fabric. Examines social attitudes toward the activity. 3415 Kpedekpo, G. M. K., and P. L. Arya. Social and Economic Statistics for Africa: Their Sources, Collection, Uses, and Reliability. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1981. 269 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural sector, Statistical analysis, Economic development, Socioeconomic analysis. 3416 Krylov, V. V. "Socio-economic development of the African region and the emergence of global problems." Africa in Soviet Studies (1984): 45-54. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Population growth, Environmental analysis, Food scarcity, Socialism, Socioeconomic analysis, Social development policy. 3417 Larson, Ann. "The social epidemiology of Africa's AIDS epidemic." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 89, no. 354 (January 1990): 5-25. SUBJECTS: Public health, Labor migration, Poverty, Gender relations, Sociological analysis. KEYWORDS: AIDS; disease. Provides an overview of the literature on the AIDS epidemic in Africa. Comments on geographic trends in the spread of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) in Africa, noting its prevalence in Uganda, Zaire, Rwanda, and Zambia. Examines the features of African social life that encourage multiple sexual partners, such as labor migration. 3418 Midlarsky, Manus I. "Scarcity and inequality: Prologue to the onset of mass revolution." The Journal of Conflict Resolution 26, no. 1 (1982): 3-38. tables. SUBJECTS: Wealth redistribution, Land distribution, Population growth, Agrarian economy, Income distribution. KEYWORDS: prerevolutionary conditions; land acquisition; land inequality. 3419 Miller, E. Willard, and Ruby M. Miller, eds. The Third WorldAfrica: Social Aspects, A Bibliography. Monticello, Illinois: Vance Bibliographies, 1990. 17 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Sociological analysis, Urbanization, Cultural policy, Education policy, Water supply, Mass communication, Poverty. Provides a bibliography on the various social conditions in Africa, including cultural development, urbanization, welfare, women, poverty, education, and water supply. Highlights various aspects of human rights in Africa. 3420 Muzaale, Patrick John. 'The organisation and delivery of social services to rural areas." Journal of Social Development in Africa 3, no. 2 (1988): 33-48. biblio. SUBJECTS: Social development policy, Education system, Rural development, Social services, Rural population.

AFRICA/Technology Examines the need for more specific content and tasks in social development. Profiles rural life and the nature of social services. Considers basic questions underlying social service organization, challenges to the delivery of social benefits to rural communities, and some implications for social development curriculum and research. 3421 Osei-Hwedie, Kwaku. "Social work and the question of social development in Africa." Journal of Social Development in Africa 5, no. 2 (1990): 87-99. SUBJECTS: Social development policy, Community development, Social welfare system, Social services. Discusses the role of social workers in social development programs in Africa. Maintains that the particular skills such professionals bring to the field have been overlooked or denigrated by African governments and are therefore underfunded and underutilized. 3422 Ramsay, Robert. "UNCTAD's failures: The rich get richer." International Organization 38, no. 2 (1984): 387-397. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Underdevelopment, Resource distribution, Poverty, North-South relations, International cooperation. KEYWORDS: UNCTAD; New International Economic Order. 3423 Regional Economic Research and Documentation Center. Social Security in Africa. Lomé, Togo: The Center, 1983. 85 pp. tables. S U B J E C T S : Statistical analysis, Social welfare system. KEYWORDS: social security. 3424 Rothchild, Donald. "Politics and resource allocation in middle Africa." African Studies Association Papers 27, no. 90 (October 1984): 1-41. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Regional development, Education opportunity, Resource distribution, Basic needs. 3425 Russett, Bruce, Steven Jackson, Duncan Snidal, and David Sylvan. "Health and population patterns as indicators of income inequality." Economic Development and Cultural Change 29, no. 4 (July 1981): 759-779. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Income inequality, Poverty, Health service, Demographic analysis, Fertility. KEYWORDS: disease; life expectancy. 3426 Sandbrook, Richard. The Politics of Basic Needs: Urban Aspects of Assaulting Poverty in Africa. London: Heinemann, 1982. 250 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Underdevelopment, Poverty, Class formation, Urban population, Basic needs, Capital accumulation, Working class. KEYWORDS: social control. 3427 Schuster, Usa. "On the 'underdevelopment' of women: Intrafemale aggression in Africa and the Middle East—The dynamics of subordination." African Studies Association Papers 28, no. 110 (November 1985): 1-23. ALSO COVERS: Zambia. SUBJECTS: Socioeconomic analysis, Women's studies, Resource distribution, Subsistence economy, Sex discrimination, Underdevelopment, Social stratification. KEYWORDS: patriarchy; middle class. 3428 Selassie, Seyoum. "Operational programmes for the implementation of the social aspects of the Lagos Plan of Action." In: ASWEA 4th Conference on Social Development Training in Africa: Experiences of the 1970's and Emerging Trends of the 1980's, edited by ASWEA. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Association for Social Work Education in Africa, 1982. 49-64 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Development theory, Structural adjustment, Social development policy, Social change. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; ASWEA (Association for Social Work Education in Africa). 3429 Sofola, J. A. Dynamism in African Leadership: The American Influence: Social Environment, Personality Change and Functioning. Ibadan, Nigeria: Daystar, 1981. 94 pp. SUBJECTS: Student protest, Racism, Sociological analysis, Education system, Behavioral

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analysis, Leadership analysis. 3430 Stefanski, Bogdan. "Development and socio-economic inequalities in Africa." Africana Bulletin 35 (1988): 115-138. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Socioeconomic analysis, Income inequality, Economic growth rate, Smallholder agriculture, Poverty, Statistical analysis. Notes the tremendous difficulties in arriving at relevant statistics. Evaluates development experience in Africa from the standpoint of income distribution. Discusses the rural-urban income gap and the proof of it. Recommends income distribution policies. 3431 Valakazi, H. W. When Sociology Comes to Africa: An Inaugural Address Delivered on 18 May 1989 at the University of Zululand. KwaDlangezwa, RSA: University of Zululand, 1989.26 pp. SUBJECTS: Sociological analysis. Addresses the relationship of sociology to Africa: its early rejection of Africa as appropriate subject matter, then its fashioning of Africa in Western images, and now the new challenge to Africans to shape sociology to African realities. 3432 van Niekerk, A. S., Jr. "Reception of resistance to development: A perspective." Development Southern Africa 4, no. 4 (November 1987): 625-639. biblio. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Basic needs, Resource distribution, Technical training, Modernization. KEYWORDS: African philosophy. Discusses the apathy for and even resistance to development projects as felt by the populations for whom they were planned. Attributes the lack of receptivity to clash of identities and rejection of Western values and life-styles. 3433 Vansina, Jan. "Mwasi's trials." Daedalus 111, no. 2 (1982): 49-70. SUBJECTS: Standard of living, Poverty, Human rights, Class formation, Case study, Education policy, Civil rights. 3434 Woode, Kate. Rural Development, Income Distribution and Poverty in Africa: An Annotated Bibliography. Legon, Ghana: Institute of Statistical Social and Economic Research, 1984. 246 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Income distribution, Poverty, Bibliography. 3435 Yimam, Arega, ed. Proceedings of the Association for Social Work Education in Africa Third Seminar on the Organization and Delivery of Social Services to Rural Areas. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Association for Social Work Education in Africa, 1982. 201 pp. SUBJECTS: Social welfare system, Rural development, Poverty, Human resources development, Women's economic role, Basic needs, Integrated rural development. KEYWORDS: social work. 3436 Young, Frank W. "Economic activity and urban hierarchies in sub-Saharan African provinces." African Studies Association Papers 26, no. 143 (December 1983): 1-21. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Export policy, Income inequality, Income distribution, Agricultural sector, Cash crop production, Urban development. KEYWORDS: export retardation hypothesis. SEE ALSO 13225.

Technology

3437 Afriyie, Kofi. "Technological self-reliance strategies in subSaharan Africa: Structural defects in international development assistance and prospects for change." African Studies Association Papers 28, no. 3 (November 1985): 1-25. tables. SUBJECTS: Export policy,

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Population density, Mortality rate, Commodity production, Foreign aid, Technological development, Technology. 3438 Bernardet, Philippe. "Pour une étude des modes de transmission: la technologie de manche courte en Afrique noire." Cahiers des sciences humaines 20, no. 3/4 (1984): 375-398. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Technology transfer, Labor force, Agricultural technology. KEYWORDS: traditional technology. 3439 Binet, Jacques. "La Technologie face à la culture de l'Afrique noire." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 203/204 (1983): 46-65. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Modernization, Technological development, Traditional society, Technology. 3440 Binet, Jacques. 'Technologie moderne et société africaine." Afrique contemporaine 126 (April/June 1983): 14-22. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Technology, Traditional political system, Technological development. 3441 Carr, Marilyn. Technology and Rural Women in Africa. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1981.43 pp. SUBJECTS: Employment opportunity, Women's economic role, Technological development, Technology transfer. KEYWORDS: rural women; JASPA (Jobs and Skills Programme for Africa); ECA. 3442 Chabrol, Didier. "Reformuler l'information en fonction des usagers: l'expérience du GRET." Afrique contemporaine 151, no. 3 (1989): 192-196. SUBJECTS: Mass media, Technology transfer, Scientific research, Technology. KEYWORDS: information systems; GRET (Groupe de Recherche et d'Echanges Technologiques). Looks at the founding mechanisms, process, and value of GRET. 3443 de Saint Moulin, Léon. "Culture et technologie." Zaïre-Afrique 157 (September 1981): 421-424. SUBJECTS: Technology, Traditional society, Technological development. 3444 Dragne, Souleymayne Bachir. "Sciences, techniques et cultures africaines." In: Language and Education in Africa, edited by Eckhard Breitinger and Reinhard Sander. Bayreuth, West Germany: Bayreuth University, 1986. 47-61 pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural research, Technology transfer, Agricultural technology. KEYWORDS: traditional agriculture. Discusses traditional agriculture in Africa and attempts to introduce Western agricultural technology. Argues for respect for traditional methods and culture when introducing technology to developing countries. 3445 Duhamel, Bernard. "Transfert de technologie et technologie de rupture." In: Technologie et industrialisation en Afrique/Technology and Industrialization in Africa, edited by F. Yachir. Dakar, Senegal: CODESRIA, 1981. 282-303 pp. SUBJECTS: Appropriate technology, Technology transfer, Economic dependency, Development planning. 3446 Forje, John W., John E. Udo Ndebbio, and Akpan H. Ekpo. Science and Technology in Africa. Harlow, Essex, UK: Longman, 1989. 281 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Scientific research, Technological development, Technology transfer, Agricultural technology, Research and development, Oil industry, Energy use. KEYWORDS: medical technology; computers; alternative energy; biotechnology; science policy. Exposes Africa's science and technology underdevelopment. Proposes corrective measures for scientific and technological recovery. 3447 Gaillard, Jacques. "Les Politiques d' aide à la recherche pour le développement du Tiers Monde: de l'assistance scientifique et tech-

nique á la coopération? Le cas de France." Cahiers des sciences humaines26, no. 3 (1990): 407-427. biblio. SUBJECTS: International cooperation, Scientific research, Development policy, Technological development, Technology transfer. KEYWORDS: France-Africa relations; ORSTOM (Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique d'Outre-Mer). Analyzes French policies of research aid for Third World development, including scientific and technical assistance in the form of cooperation. Looks at the history of French research in tropical Africa, the ORSTOM institution and other specialized research organizations, and the priority given to Africa in French research and cooperation. 3448 Gal, Peter. "Some features of research and development activity and military R&D in developing countries." Bulletin of Peace Proposals 19, no. 3/4 (1988): 357-369. tables. SUBJECTS: Research and development, Military policy, Technological development, Technology transfer, Economic dependency. Examines the link between economic development and technological progress. Argues that technology has been an important factor in the relative status of countries in the international system. States that the ability to absorb and create new technology has determined dominance-dependence relations. 3449 Galtier, Bertrand. "SPOT: un regard sur la terre pour une meilleure gestión des ressources." Afrique contemporaine 140 (October/December 1986): 3-10. SUBJECTS: Natural resource management, Technology, Technology transfer. KEYWORDS: SPOT (Satellite d'Observatoire de la Terre); France-Africa relations; satellites. States that the new French SPOT satellite covers Africa. Argues that its data should be shared with the African countries covered. Notes, however, that satellite data that are integrated into traditional methods of information as satellites are not always accurate. 3450 Hahn, Natalie D., ed. In Praise of Cassava: Proceedings of the Interregional Experts' Group Meeting on the Exchange of Technologies for Cassava Processing Equipment and Food Products. Ibadan, Nigeria: Book Builder Limited in cooperation with UNICEF and UTA, 1989. 231 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: West Africa. SUBJECTS: Appropriate technology, Agricultural technology. KEYWORDS: cassava. Emphasizes developing appropriate technologies in cassava production and processing. Contributions cover a broad range of topics ranging from the cultivation of low-cyanide varieties to locally designed processing equipment. 3451 International Institute of Labor Studies, OAU. Food SeInsufficiency, Technological Autonomy, and Social Progress in Africa: Research Guide. Geneva, Switzerland: International Institute for Labour Studies, OAU, 1984. 144 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Technology transfer, Research methodology, Food policy, Self-reliance, Appropriate technology. KEYWORDS: food self-sufficiency. 3452 Iqbal, Tabassum. "Economic development in Africa through technology transfer." Africa Quarterly 25, no. 3/4 (1986): 9-26. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Technological development, Transnational corporations, Technology transfer. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980. Advocates participatory development as expressed in the Lagos Plan of Action by developing human resources for utilizing natural resources, management, and maintenance of production. Discusses problems in technology transfer, most of which have arisen through transnational corporations' operations. 3453 Kamto, Maurice. "Transfert de technologie et perspectives internationales de développement en Afrique sub-saharienne: quelques reflexions." Africa Development!Afrique et développement

AFRICA/Trade • 2 1 7 12, no. 2 (1987): 101-133. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Technological development, Research and development, Technology transfer, Industrialization, Dependency theory. Assesses technological transfer in sub-Saharan Africa. Notes that because technology is a very expensive commodity, Western suppliers can increase the technological dependency of Africa by dictating which technologies will be sent there. 3454 Lall, Sanyaya. 'Third World multinationals: The Indian case." In: South-South Relations in a Changing World Order, edited by Jerker Carlsson. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1982. 128-166 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Kenya, Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Foreign investment, Technology, Technology transfer. KEYWORDS: India-Africa relations; multinational organization theory. 3455 Mazrui, A. A. "Africa and the search for a new international technological order." In: Development Options for Africa in the 1980s and Beyond, edited by P. Ndegwa, L. P. Mureithi, and R. H. Green. Nairobi, Kenya: Oxford University Press, 1985. 177-185 pp. SUBJECTS: Technological development, Technology transfer, Development theory, International cooperation, Regional integration. KEYWORDS: new international technological order; New International Economic Order. 3456 Meyer, Pierre. "Aspects juridiques du transfert de technologie P.I.-P.V.D." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 36, no. 2 (April/June 1982): 839-860. SUBJECTS: Economic development, North-South relations, Technology transfer, Industrial development, Judicial system, Technology. KEYWORDS: contract law. 3457 Munthali, Makhumbira Andrew. "The role of multinational corporations and information in technology transfer to African countries." African Studies Association Papers 25, no. 67 (November 1982): 1-20. SUBJECTS: Transnational corporations, Industrialization, Social change, Military intervention, Technology transfer, Appropriate technology. KEYWORDS: capital intensive. 3458 Preston, T. R., ed. Better Utilization of Crop Residues and By-products in Animal Feeding: Research Guidelines: Proceedings of the FAOULCA Expert Consultation, 5-9 March 1984, ILCA Headquarters, Addis Ababa. Vol. 1 of 2. Rome, Italy: FAO, 1985. 154 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Project design, Appropriate technology, Agricultural research, Technology transfer, Livestock production. KEYWORDS: FAO; ILCA (International Livestock Centre for Africa). 3459 Samset, Knut. "Technologies and structures for appropriate development." Revue canadienne d'études de développement!Canadian Journal of Development Studies 2, no. 2 (1981): 410-425. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Technology transfer, Development policy, Rural development, Appropriate technology. 3460 Setai, Bethuel. "The role of patents in economic development." Lesotho Law Journal 4, no. 1 (1988): 27-49. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Law, Technology transfer, Technological development. KEYWORDS: patents. Argues that the international patent system as enunciated in the Paris convention does not serve the interests of the developing countries. States that the developing countries do not benefit from the transfer of technology. Discusses the role of patents in foreign investments and the problems relating to the high percentage of foreign ownership of patents in Africa. 3461 Sidiki, Diakite. Violence technologique et développement: la question africaine du développement. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1985. 153

pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Technological development, Technology transfer, Colonialism, Sociological analysis. KEYWORDS: mechanization. 3462 Swantz, Maija-Liisa. Transfer of Technology as an Intercultural Process. Helsinki, Finland: Finnish Anthropological Society, 1989.195 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania, Zambia. SUBJECTS: Technology transfer, Technological development. KEYWORDS: Finland-Africa relations; TECO project (Technological Cooperation project); basic industry strategy. Assesses the scope of technological cooperation existing between Finland and Africa as part of the research project TECO. Focuses on the implementation of technological development strategies in Tanzania and assesses the quality of technology transfer. Provides case studies of TECO research in Zambia and Tanzania. 3463 Wadlow, René V. L. "Transfer and development of technology: Lost opportunities, future potentials." In: The OAU after Twenty Years, edited by Yassin El-Ayouty and I. William Zartman. New York: Praeger, 1984. 193-206 pp. SUBJECTS: Technological development, Technology transfer, Technical training. KEYWORDS : OAU; Lagos Plan of Action 1980. 3464 Weiner, Denise, ed. African Regional Seminar on the Role of Scientific and Engineering Societies in Development, December 1013, 1984, Grand Bassam, Ivory Coast: Report. Washington, DC: American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1985.79 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Technological development, Research and development, Technology transfer, Development theory, Scientific research. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980. 3465 W i e n h o l d , H.-J. " N a t i o n a l t e c h n o l o g y policies vs. 'technological' neo-colonialism in Africa: A synoptical outline." In: African Studies: Afrika-Studien, edited by Gerhard Brehme and Thea Büttner. Berlin, East Germany: Akademie-Verlag, 1983. 269-286 pp. SUBJECTS: Neocolonialism, Technology, Technology transfer. 3466 Yachir, F. "Formes d'importation de technologie et développement auto-centre: l'expérience du secteur public industriel en Algérie." In: Technologie et industrialisation en Afrique/Technology and Industrialization in Africa, edited by F. Yachir. Dakar, Senegal: CODESRIA, 1981. 229-281 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Technological development, Technology transfer, Industrial development, Economic development, Foreign aid, Import policy, Decentralization. 3467 Yachir, F. "Technique et technologie: définitions analytiques et définitions descriptives." In: Technologie et industrialisation en Afrique/Technology and Industrialization in Africa, edited by F. Yachir. Dakar, Senegal: CODESRIA, 1981. 11-37 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Technology transfer, Technology, Economic development, Development planning, Capital accumulation. 3468 Zetter, Roger. "Imported or indigenous planning education? Some observations on the needs of developing countries." Third World Planning Review 3, no. 1 (February 1981): 21-42. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria, Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Technology, Technology transfer, Economic planning, Education system, Development planning. KEYWORDS: India; curriculum.

Trade

3469 Awan, Kazim R. Prospects for Cooperation through Trade among OIC Member Countries: A Commodity Level Analysis. Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: Research and Training Institute, Islamic Development

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Bank, 1985. 100 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: International economic relations, Trade policy, Food production, Raw materials, Foreign trade. KEYWORDS: Organization of Islamic Conference. 3470 Balassa, Bela. "Incentive policies and export performance in sub-Saharan Africa." World Development 18, no. 3 (March 1990): 383-391. tables. SUBJECTS: Export policy, Agricultural policy, Economic analysis, Foreign trade. Compares the success of market-oriented export economies to interventionist economies in responding to price incentives on export commodities. Concludes that market economies are much more successful in increasing exports. 3471 Bangura, Yusuf. Britain and Commonwealth Africa: The Politics of Economic Relations, 1951-75. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1983. 252 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic dependency, Trade relations, International economic relations, Decolonization, Foreign trade. KEYWORDS: UK-Africa relations. 3472 Benedek, Wolfgang. "The participation of Africa in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)." Verfassung und Recht in Ubersee/Law and Politics in Africa, Asia and Latin America 20, no. 1 (1987): 45-58. SUBJECTS: International law, International relations, Foreign trade, Trade policy. KEYWORDS: GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade). Analyzes participation in GATT by various African nations, observing that although they have committed themselves to participation in the past, they have been lax in complying with GATT obligations and have not exploited the opportunities provided by the treaty. 3473 Bienen, Henry. "The politics of trade liberalization in Africa." Economic Development and Cultural Change 38, no. 4 (July 1990): 713-732. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Trade policy, Economic recovery, Political analysis, Foreign trade. KEYWORDS: trade liberalization. Explores the chances that economic reform will be sustained in Africa. Argues that trade reform has been more difficult to implement than monetary reform because illiberal trade policies are supported by civil servants and because the army and the leaders depend on these bases. 3474 Cuddy, John. "Assessing liquidity requirements of developing countries, 1984-6." Third World Quarterly 5, no. 4 (October 1983): 814-827. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Debt financing, Export policy, Trade policy, Import policy. 3475 Dadzie, Kenneth. "La Dépendance économique de l'Afrique vis-à-vis de l'exportation des produits de base." Politique étrangère 53, no. 3 (1988): 647-666. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Commodity production, Underdevelopment, Export policy, Marketing. KEYWORDS: intra-African trade. Responds to the question about the ways that economic progress can be achieved in Africa through a combination of various policy measures and orientations. 3476 Fosu, Augustin Kwasi. "Exports and economic growth: The African case." World Development 18, no. 6 (June 1990): 831-835. tables. SUBJECTS: Export economy, Economic growth rate, Foreign trade. Examines the degree to which export growth favorably affects the general economic growth of a country. Concludes that export growth does have a significant impact on the economic growth of the African nations studied. 3477 Gandia, Delsie M. The EEC's Generalised Scheme of Preferences and the Yaounde and Other Agreements: Benefits in Trade and Development for Less Developed Countries. Montclair, New Jersey:

Allanheld, Osmun, 1981. 178 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Foreign trade, Trade policy. KEYWORDS: Yaoundé Agreement 1963; Lagos Agreement 1966; Arusha Agreement 1921; EEC; East African Community. 3478 Gruhn, Isebill V. "Lomé Convention renegotiations: Litmus test for North-South discussions." In: Europe, Africa and Lomé III, edited by Robert Boardman, Timothy M. Shaw, and Panayotis Soldatos. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1985. 13-33 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Trade relations, Foreign aid, Trade policy, Regional cooperation, North-South relations. KEYWORDS: UNCTAD; ACP (African, Caribbean, and Pacific Countries); New International Economic Order; Lomé Convention 1984. 3479 Hoffmann, Helga. "Towards Africa? Brazil and the SouthSouth trade." In: South-South Relations in a Changing World Order, edited by Jerker Carlsson. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1982. 55-77 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Trade relations, Export market, Trade policy, Economic relations, Raw materials. KEYWORDS: South-South relations; Heckscher-Ohlin theory; capital flow; Brazil-Nigeria relations. 3480 Juda, Lawrence. "World shipping, UNCTAD, and the New International Economic Order." International Organization 35, no. 3 ( 1981 ) : 493-516. SUBJECTS : Economic development, Foreign trade, North-South relations, Transportation system, Underdevelopment, Import policy, Export policy. KEYWORDS: UNCTAD; shipping; New International Economic Order. Discusses how the New International Economic Order seeks fundamental change in international relations. Examines UNCTAD's aims in world shipping in light of the New International Economic Order and the debate over reforms. 3481 Kiros, Fassil G. "Currency devaluation in Africa: Framework of analysis and experience." Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review 5, no. 2 (June 1989): 1-27. tables. SUBJECTS: Monetary policy, Export policy, Import policy. KEYWORDS: devaluation. Analyzes the symptoms of an overvalued currency and how policy setters determine that a country's currency needs devaluation. Highlights the effects of devaluation on Africa. Discusses how the effects of devaluation are assessed. Concludes that devaluation has rarely produced the expected results in Africa but is still necessary. 3482 Kiss, Judit. "Economic cooperation between European CMEA countries and Africa." In: African and Arab Co-operationfor Development, edited by ErvinLaszlo. Dublin, Ireland: Tycooly, 1984.102-122 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic cooperation, Trade relations, Foreign trade, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: Council for Mutual Economic Assistance; Europe-Africa relations. 3483 Mackel, Chris, John Marsh, and Brian Revell. "Western Europe and the South: The Common Agricultural Policy." Third World Quarterly 6, no. 1 (January 1984): 131-144. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, International economic system, Foreign trade, Agricultural development, Import policy, Export policy. KEYWORDS: cereals; beef; EEC. 3484 Magyar, Karl P. "United States trade with Africa: A critical perspective." Journal ofAfrican Studies 8, no. 3 (Fall 1981): 121-125. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Trade policy, International economic relations, Foreign trade, Import policy, Export market, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: US-Africa relations. 3485 Mathew, M. J. International Trade: Policies and Prospectives in Developing Economy. Jaipur, India: Prateeksha, 1988. 355 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: International economic relations, Trade policy, Foreign trade. KEYWORDS: India-Africa relations. Evaluates trade and economic cooperation between India and

AFRICA/Trade • 2 1 9 selected African countries from 1960 onward to determine prospective markets and joint ventures, regulatory systems, resources flows, and promotion and diversification strategy. 3486 Mellor, John W. "Opportunities in the international economy for meeting the food requirements of the developing countries." In: Pursuing Food Security: Strategies and Obstacles in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East, edited by W. Ladd Hollist and F. LaMond Tullis. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1987. 47-59 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Export policy, Food production, Food scarcity, International relations, Export policy. Stresses the need for increased food, capital, and technological exchanges between developing and developed countries. Concludes that a key element in meeting the food needs of the world lies in stimulating the political and economic contacts between the world's developing and developed countries. 3487 Moss, Joanna, and John Ravenhill. "Trade diversification in Black Africa." The Journal of Modern African Studies 27, no. 3 (September 1989): 521-545. tables. SUBJECTS: Trade balance, Statistical analysis, Trade relations, Trade policy. KEYWORDS: Hirschman, A. O.; EEC; OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). Examines the diversification of Africa's foreign trade from 1958 to 1986. Maintains that the most significant change has been Africa's decreased reliance on its former colonial trading partners. States that intra-African trade has declined and that agriculture has experienced the highest rate of diversification. 3488 Mukonoweshuro, Eliphas G. "French commercial interests in non-Francophone Africa." Africa Quarterly 30, no. 1/2(1990): 13-26. SUBJECTS: Trade relations. KEYWORDS: France-Africa relations; Anglophone Africa. Argues that France has pursued commercial relations with Anglophone Africa. Notes that maintaining economic ties with Francophone Africa while establishing new ties with Anglophone Africa may dilute France's relations with its former colonies. 3489 Mulat, Teshome. "Intra-African trade." In: Towards Economic Recovery in Sub-Saharan Africa: Essays in Honour of Robert Gardiner, edited by James Pickett and Hans Singer. London: Routledge, 1990. 150-168 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Trade relations, Regional economics, Foreign trade. KEYWORDS: institution building. Examines the breadth and intent of intra-African trade and the likelihood of its future expansion. Addresses intra-African trade institutions and the nature of African trade, both regional and border. 3490 Ocwieja, Frank A. "Patterns of trade and prospects for growth in a triregional system: Arab oil exporters, sub-Saharan developing Africa, and the OECD." In: Interdependence in a World ofUnequals: African-Arab-OECD Economic Cooperation for Development, edited by DunstanM. Wai. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1982.137-156 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Trade relations, Trade policy, Transnational corporations, Export market. KEYWORDS: OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). 3491 Omrana, A. "Le Role du FMI en Afrique." Savings and Development 9, no. 2 (1985): 143-173. tables. SUBJECTS: Export economy, Trade relations, Debt crisis, Structural adjustment, International economic system. KEYWORDS: IMF; exchange rate. 3492 Onwuka, Ralph I. "An African common market or African free trade area: Which way Africa?" In: The Future of Regionalism in Africa, edited by Ralph I. Onwuka and Amadu Sesay. London: Macmillan, 1985. 58-72 pp. SUBJECTS: Capitalist development, Foreign trade, Trade relations, Trade policy, Economic integration. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; African Common Market; free trade zone.

3493 Ramchandani, R. R. India-Africa Economic Relations: Volume II: In the Context of Economic Co-operation among Developing Countries. Delhi, India: Kalinga, 1990. 380 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: International economic relations, Trade policy, Foreign trade. KEYWORDS: India-Africa relations. Identifies the factors and forces that constrain trade expansion and hinder production collaboration between India and Africa. Concludes that efforts to seize opportunities for joint approaches lack enthusiasm. 3494 Ravenhill, John. "Europe and Africa: An essential continuity." In: Europe, Africa and Lomé III, edited by Robert Boardman, Timothy M. Shaw, and Panayotis Soldatos. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1985.35-57 pp. SUBJECTS: Internationalrelations, Trade relations, Trade policy. KEYWORDS: Lomé conventions; ACP (African, Caribbean, and Pacific Countries); STABEX (stabilization of export earnings from commodities); EEC. 3495 Rubinstein, G. "Soviet-African trade relations." In: The USSR and Africa, edited by Anatoly Gromyko. Moscow, USSR: Social Sciences Today Editorial Board, USSR Academy of Sciences, 1983. 76-91 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Commodity production, Foreign trade, International economic relations, Trade relations. KEYWORDS: USSR-Africa relations. 3496 Singh, Daleep. "India's economic relations in the Francophone Africa: Problems and prospect." Africa Quarterly 26, no. 2/4 (1986/1987): 1-22. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic relations, Import policy, Export policy. KEYWORDS: Francophone Africa; IndiaAfrica relations; South-South relations; minerals. Analyzes trade patterns between African states and India. Assesses the value of Africa's mineral wealth to Indian industries and the potential of French-speaking African states as competitive markets for Indian manufactured products. Concludes that expanded South-South trade would be beneficial to the economies of both regions. 3497 Stevens, Christopher. "The EC and development efforts in Africa." In: Economic Development in Africa, edited by Olusola Akinrinade and J. Kurt Barling. London: Pinter, 1987. 129-148 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Export policy, Economic development, Trade relations. KEYWORDS: Lomé conventions; ACP (African, Caribbean, and Pacific Countries); EEC. Discusses the role played by the EEC in African development efforts. Reviews the position of Africa in formal EEC development policy, together with available evidence on the impact of the Lomé conventions' provisions for trade preferences and aid. 3498 Twinomukunzi, Charles. "The generalized system of preferences—A scheme with little value." The African Review 9, no. 2 (1982): 16-35. SUBJECTS: Trade relations, Trade policy. KEYWORDS: Generalised System of Preferences 1964; UNCTAD; GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade); EEC; US-Africa relations. 3499 UNCTAD. Trade and Economic Co-operation among African Countries and the Socialist Countries of Eastern Europe: Study by the UNCTAD Secretariat. New York: UNCTAD, 1982. 35 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Export policy, Economic relations, Economic dependency, Socialist economy, Foreign trade, Import policy. KEYWORDS : Eastern Europe-Africa relations; UNCTAD. 3500 Wheeler, David. "Sources of stagnation in sub-Saharan Africa." World Development 12, no. 1 (January 1984): 1-23. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Environmental analysis, Foreign aid, Labor migration, Export economy, Trade policy. KEYWORDS: minerals. 3501 Zorn, Stephen. "TNC-govemment relations in African agriculture." African Studies Association Papers 26, no. 146 (December 1983): 1-17. tables. SUBJECTS: Transnational corporations, Export

2 2 0 • AFRICA/Trade policy, Agricultural production, Marketing. SEE ALSO 14570.

Urban Development

3502 Abt Associates, Harry Garnett, Sally Merrill, and John D. Miller. Urbanization in African Development: Issues and Opportunities. Washington, DC: Abt Associates, 1988. 50 pp. SUBJECTS: Urbanization, Urban development, Informal sector, Infrastructure, Land-use policy. KEYWORDS: USAID. States that the limits of the agricultural sector in providing economic opportunities have been recognized as African urban populations steadily increase. Claims that international agencies have a role to play in managing the urbanization process and that USAID needs to articulate an urbanization policy. 3503 Ankerl, Geza. Urbanization Overspeed in Tropical Africa, 1970-2000. Geneva, Switzerland: INU, 1987. 117 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Urban growth, Urbanization, Rural-urban migration, Population distribution, Population growth. Reviews basic data of urbanization since independence. Considers the urbanization process in its socioeconomic effects and in relation to social policy, developed from the point of view of the underprivileged. Discusses possible solutions to the problem of overurbanization and summarizes policy recommendations. 3504 Ankerl, Guy. Urbanisation rapide en Afrique tropicale: faits, conséquences et politiques sociales, 1970-2000 (avec annex récapitulatif de données sur l'urbanisation du Tiers Monde). Paris: Berger-Levrault, 1987. 179 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Regional planning policy, Urbanization, Social development policy, Policy recommendation, Rural-urban migration, Urban growth. KEYWORDS: urban projection. Synthesizes the most recent data on African urbanization. Discusses current urban structural changes and their effects through the year 2000. Emphasizes change for the worse and recommends policies to ameliorate social conditions. 3505 Badibanga,André."L'Urbanisationmimétiqueetrextravation des villes africaines." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 231/239, (1985): 119-129. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Urbanization, Urban development. KEYWORDS: food dependency; urban economy. 3506 Baker, Jonathan, ed. Small Town Africa: Studies in RuralUrban Interaction. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1990. 268 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Urban development, Rural development, Urban planning policy, Industrial development, Rural-urban relations, Urbanization, Women's studies. KEYWORDS: small towns; spatial analysis. 3507 Berizika, Jean, André-Michel Bourgue, Joseph Gamandzori, and Pierre Guillard. "Genèse du prolétariat urbain: problème des migrations urbaines du travail." In: Villes et problèmes urbains contemporains en Afrique noire: recherches en histoire contemporaine: informations diverses, edited by Groupe Afrique Noire. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1984. 11-20 pp. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa, East Africa. SUBJECTS: Labor force, Rural-urban migration, Urbanization, Class formation, Capitalist development, Demographic analysis, Urban population. KEYWORDS: AOF (Afrique Occidentale Française); AEF (Afrique Equatoriale Française). 3508 Bessat, Collette. Développement urbain en Afrique noire: quel

habitat promouvoir: expériences et perspectives. Paris: République Française, Ministère des Relations Extérieures, 1983. 173 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Urbanization, Economic development, Urban development, Land-use policy, Employment, Economic growth rate. 3509 CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), ed. Les Formes de l'économie urbaine en Afrique noire et à Madagascar. Talence, France: République Française, Ministère de la Recherche, 1983. 288 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Madagascar. SUBJECTS: Urbanization, Economic development, Development planning, Urban development, Urban growth, Informal sector, Economic dependency. KEYWORDS: artisans. 3510 Coquery-Vidrovitch, Catherine, ed. Processus d' urbanisation en Afrique. 2 vols. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1988. 135 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Urbanization, Land tenure system, Urban planning policy, Historical analysis, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: Bamako, Mali; Nairobi, Kenya; Conakry, Guinea; Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. Analyzes the process of urbanization in Africa. Emphasizes the acceleration of the process brought about by colonialism. Correlates the spatial dimension to the historical process of affirmation of the city as the regional political and economic center. 3511 Crousse, Bernard, Emile Le Bris, and Etienne Le Roy, eds. Espaces disputés en Afrique noire: pratiques foncières locales. Paris: Karthala, 1986. 426 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Urban planning policy, Urban development, Land-use policy, Local planning policy, Rural planning policy, Rural-urban relations, Migration. Examines the cultural and socioeconomic dynamics of urban growth, planning, and development in West Africa. Discusses the relationship between industrialization and the changes in urban landscapes, as well as rural-urban migration relations. 3512 de Maximy, Rene. "Les Marchés, facteurs et témoins de l'urbanisation." Cahiers des sciences humaines 23, no. 2 (1987): 319-331. maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Marketing, Urban planning policy, Informal sector, Small business, Urbanization. Discusses the importance of markets when urban planningis undertaken. 3513 de Maximy, René. "Problématique et méthodologie." In: Processus d'urbanisation en Afrique, volume 1, edited by Catherine Coquery-Vidrovitch. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1988. 11-26 pp. SUBJECTS: Research methodology, Urbanization, Development theory, Urban planning policy. KEYWORDS: Mumford, L.; Lefebvre, H.; Lavedan, P. Examines research approaches beyond demographics and economics, which help to define the African city. Considers the city an equilibrium point of social geometry, the multifunctions of urban space, and the equipment that give the city purpose. Presents abridged views of major urban theoreticians. 3514 Deblé, Isabelle. "Les Bruits et les mouvements de la ville." In: Vivre et survivre dans les villes africaines, edited by Isabelle Deblé and Philippe Hugon. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1982. 11-25 pp. SUBJECTS: Development planning, Urban development, Urban growth. 3515 Dickerman, Carol. "Urban land concentration." In: Land and Society in Contemporary Africa, edited by R. E. Downs and S. P. Reyna. Hanover, New Hampshire: University Press of New England, 1988. 76-90 pp. SUBJECTS: Urban population, Resource distribution, Urbanization. KEYWORDS: land concentration. Discusses the importance of postcolonial processes on urban land concentration, involving land purchases by urban elites and a narrowing of rights in land once held jointly by extended-family members. Argues that urban land has risen sharply in value, and its concentration

A FRIC A / U r b a n D e v e l o p m e n t

into the hands of a wealthy elite has proceeded much faster than is the case with agricultural land. 3516 Dulucq, Sophie. "Fonds d'emprunts, FIDES, FAC. Evolution des modèles et des pratiques de l'investissement public urbain (19301980): Les indépendances." In: Les Investissements publics dans les villes africaines (1930-1980): Habitat et transports, edited by Sophie Dulucq and Odile Georg. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1989.41-49 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Investment policy, Urban development, Foreign aid, Urbanization. KEYWORDS: FAC (Fonds d'Aide et de Coopération). Explores the investment policy through foreign aid for urban development in Francophone sub-Saharan African countries from 1969 to 1986. Looks at the financing and economic planning undertaken by FAC, a French aid organization. 3517 Dulucq, Sophie, and Odile Goerg, eds. Les Investissements publics dans les villes africaines (1930-1985): habitat et transports. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1989. 222 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Public investment, Historical analysis, Urban development, Urban growth, Transportation system. KEYWORDS: FIDES (Fonds d'Investissement pour le Développement Économique et Social); FAC (Fonds d'Aide et de Coopération). Explores public investment subsidies of urban development, the urban growth, and transportation problems in Francophone African cities. Addresses the political factors and socioeconomic changes that have underlined that development project from colonial times in 1930 to the postindependence era of the 1980s. 3518 Egan, Mary Lou, and Marc Bendick, Jr., "Urban-rural dimensions in national economic development." The Journal of Developing Areas 20, no. 2 (January 1986): 203-222. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria, Algeria. SUBJECTS: Urban development, National development, Urban planning policy, Rural-urban migration, Industrial sector. KEYWORDS: economy of scale; urban bias; New Town theory. Presents evidence that urban growth in developing nations reflects and promotes national growth. Recommends that urban planners avoid direct control of migration; understand industrial reluctance to locate outside cities; be wary of the New Town approach; and be guided by local circumstances, not theory. 3519 El-Shakhs, Salah, and Hooshang Amirahmadi. "Urbanization and spatial development in Africa: Some critical issues." African Urban Quarterly 1, no. 1 (January 1986): 3-19. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Urbanization, Population growth, Urban development. KEYWORDS: urban bias; spatial analysis. Examines the degree to which Africa is currently on the threshold of an urban/spatial transformation of major proportion. Puts forth the major causes and consequences of current sociospatial development trends and their policy and planning implications. 3520 Ela, Jean-Marc. La Ville en Afrique noire. Paris: Karthala, 1983. 219 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Urbanization, Urban growth, Rural-urban migration, Unemployment, Class analysis. 3521 Fair, Denis. "Medium sized towns and African development." Africa Insight 16, no. 2 (1986): 73-78. SUBJECTS: Urban development, Rural-urban relations, Migration pattern, Industrial d e c e n t r a l i z a t i o n , T r a d i t i o n a l society, U r b a n d e v e l o p m e n t . K E Y W O R D S : medium-sized towns; UN Center for Regional Development. States that rapid population growth in primary cities throughout the Third World has caused unbalanced development. Argues that investment has favored large cities at the expense of towns but that medium-sized towns are gaining favor as essential links between urban and rural sectors. Suggests industrial decentralization. 3522 Groupe Afrique Noire, Catherine Coquery-Vidrovitch, and

•

221

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, eds. Villes et problèmes urbains contemporains en Afrique noire: recherches en histoire contemporaine: informations diverses. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1984.175 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Central African Republic, Senegal. SUBJECTS: Urbanization, Rural-urban migration, Labor force, Urban growth. KEYWORDS: Gbaya people. 3523 Haeringer, Philippe. "Stratégies populaires pour l'accès au sol dans la ville africaine." In: Enjeuxfonciers en Afrique noire, edited by E. Le Bris, E. Le Roy, and F. Leimdorfer. Paris: Karthala, 1982. 341-359 pp. SUBJECTS: Land tenure system, Urban development, Urbanization. KEYWORDS: Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire; Abobo, Côte d'Ivoire; land acquisition. 3524 Hugon, Philippe, and O. Sudrie. "Les Indicateurs démoéconomiques et leur représentativité du processus d'urbanisation en Afrique sub-saharienne." In: Processus d'urbanisation en Afrique, volume 2, edited by Catherine Coquery-Vidrovitch. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1988. 68-93 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Urbanization, Economic analysis, Urban growth. KEYWORDS: economic indicator. Analyzes relationships between economic indicators and urbanization in sub-Saharan Africa. Examines indicators of urban hierarchy and the spatial distribution of the African population and compares indicators of urbanization with composite indicators. 3525 Hyden, Goran. "Urban growth and rural development." In: African Independence: The First Twenty-Five Years, edited by Gwendolen M. Carter and Patrick O'Meara. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1985.188-217pp. SUBJECTS: Urban growth, Rural development, Food scarcity, Peasant society, Urban politics. 3526 International Labour Organisation JASPA (Jobs and Skills Programme for Africa) and PECTA. Disparités de revenus entre les villes et les campagnes en Afrique noire francophone: rapport de synthèse. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: International Labour Organisation, 1982. 117 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Urban planning policy, Urbanization, Rural-urban migration, Development planning, Income distribution. 3527 Le Bris, Emile, Annik Osmont, Alain Marie, and Alain Sinou. Famille et résidence dans les villes africaines: Dakar, Bamako, SaintLouis, Lomé. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1987. 268 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Urbanization, Housing policy, Family, Urban development. KEYWORDS: Dakar, Senegal; Bamako, Mali; Saint-Louis, Senegal; Lomé, Togo. Analyzes the social production of space by examining specific characteristics, qualities, and uses in Francophone African cities. Explores methods used by families to appropriate space and notes families' frequent conflicts with official planning policy. Claims that these strategies have developed from traditional values and are determined by families' material situation. 3528 Mabogunje, Akin L. "Urban planning and the post-colonial state in Africa: A research overview." The African Studies Review 33, no. 2 (April 1990): 121-203. SUBJECTS: Urban planning policy, U r b a n i z a t i o n , Nation-state, Capitalist development, Peasant economy. Presents the current state of knowledge about postcolonial nations in Africa. Outlines the significant trends toward urbanization and economic dependency and their impact on the new nation-states. Describes government policy shifts and developments in economics, law, and infrastructural development. 3529 Mutalik-Desai, Vijay. "Emerging issues in urbanisation in Africa." In: Development Issues in Africa, edited by Priya MutalikDesai. Bomba, India: Himalaya, 1982.99-119 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Urbanization, Population distribution, Rural-

222

• AFRICA/Urban Development

urban migration, Urban growth. KEYWORDS: shanty towns.

KEYWORDS: Francophone Africa; urban bias.

3530 Nzuzi, Lelo. Urbanisation et aménagement en Afrique noire. Paris: SEDES, 1989. 237 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Urbanization, Urban planning policy, Colonialism, Urban development. KEYWORDS: Koumbi-Saleh, Afrikaville. Examines the urbanization explosion and its related socioeconomic and cultural consequences for the new urban populations in Africa. Explores the evolution of urbanization policies and systems throughout history in Africa and proposes a model of an African city for the future, named "Afrikaville" by the author.

3539 Schwarz, Alf. Les Dupes de la modernisation: développement urbain et sous-développement en Afrique. Montreal, Canada: Nouvelle Optique, 1983. 293 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Underdevelopment, Urban development, Rural population, Urban population, Unemployment, Women's political role, Working class. KEYWORDS: Kinshasa, Zaire.

3531 O'Connor, Anthony M. Urbanization in Tropical Africa, an Annotated Bibliography. Boston, Massachusetts: G. K. Hall, 1981. 411 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Urban development, Urban poverty, Urban growth, Migration, Ethnicity. KEYWORDS: urban history. 3532 Onokerhoraye, Andrew, and Gideon Omuta. Urban Systems and Planning for Africa. Benin City, Nigeria: University of Benin, 1986. 314 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Urban planning policy, Urban growth, Community development, Development planning, Geographical analysis. Analyzes the nature of urban systems as well as the principles and practice of urban planning in the African and Nigerian contexts. Discusses the socioeconomic role of urban areas and the problems arising from urbanization. 3533 Osmont, A. "La Banque Mondiale et les politiques urbaines nationales." Politique africaine no. 17 (March 1985): 58-73. maps. SUBJECTS: Urban planning policy, Urban development. KEYWORDS : World Bank; IMF; urban economy ; IDA (International Development Association); IFC (International Finance Corporation). 3534 Pedersen, Poul Ove. 'The role of small rural towns in development." In: Small Town Africa: Studies in Rural-Urban Interaction, edited by Jonathan Baker. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1990.89-107 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Urban planning policy, Urban development, Rural development, Development theory. KEYWORDS: small towns; spatial analysis. Analyzes the changing perception of the role of small towns in rural development. Questions assumptions about overurbanization, notes the role of small towns in Denmark, and addresses location theory. Proposes a network approach to the development of small towns. 3535 Peil, Margaret, and Pius Sada. African Urban Society. Chichester, New York: Wiley, 1984. 392 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS : Housing policy, Urban development, Rural-urban migration, Urban population, Urban poverty. 3536 Peil, Margaret. African Urbanization in Comparative Perspective. Birmingham, Alabama: University of Birmingham, 1984. 12 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Housing policy, Urbanization, Rural-urban migration, Employment opportunity, Urban planning policy. 3537 Pfaff, D. 'The capital cities of Africa with special reference to new capitals planned for the continent." Africa Insight 18, no. 4 (1988): 187-196. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Colonialism, Urbanization, Urban planning policy. Assesses the reasons for the creation of new capital cities in seven of Africa's states and analyzes to what degree they are desirable and feasible within the African context. 3538 Prouzet, Michel. "Heurs et malheurs de l'urbanisme africain." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 186/187 (1981): 59-95. SUBJECTS: Urbanization, Urban growth, Civil service, Urban development, Colonialism.

3540 Stren, Richard, Claire Letemendia, and Claude Stern, trans. Coping with Rapid Urban Growth in Africa: An Annotated Bibliography in English and French on Policy and Management of Urban Affairs in the 1980s. Montreal, Quebec, Canada: Centre for Developing-Area Studies, McGill University, 1986. 178 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Urban planning policy, Urbanization, Informal sector, Housing policy, Employment. A bibliography, by region, of the literature on African urbanization from 1979 to 1985. Suggests itself as a way to bridge national boundaries and create a rich discourse on problems and solutions. 3541 Stren, Richard E., and Rodney R. White. African Cities in Crisis: Managing Rapid Urban Growth. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1989. 335 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Local government, Infrastructure, Urban population, Reform, Urban growth. KEYWORDS: Ibadan, Nigeria; Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire; Dakar, Senegal; Greater Khartoum, Sudan; Nairobi, Kenya. Presents the results of the first project designed to comparatively study government responses to the gap between the realities of official plans and perspectives, and the ever-increasing numbers of the urban poor. 3542 Stren, Richard E. "The administration of urban services." In: African Cities in Crisis: Managing Rapid Urban Growth, edited by Richard E. Stren and Rodney R. White. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1989. 37-67 pp. SUBJECTS: Urban population, Infrastructure, Public sector, Private sector, Water supply, Urban development. Focuses on the administration of urban services and urban infrastructure and on the appropriate balance between the public and private provision of such services. 3543 Stren, Richard E. "Urban local government in Africa." In: African Cities in Crisis: Managing Rapid Urban Growth, edited by Richard E. Stren and Rodney R. White. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1989. 20-36 pp. SUBJECTS: Local government, Urban population, Government economic management, Urban politics. KEYWORDS: Anglophone Africa; Francophone Africa. Looks specifically at local government in urban areas in Africa, with particular emphasis on the difference in approach and experience between French- and English-speaking cities. 3544 Tribillon, Jean-François. "La Clientèle foncière de l'état en Afrique." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 201/202 (1982): 76-80. SUBJECTS: Urban growth, Development planning, Urban planning policy, Urban development. 3545 Van Huyck, Alfred P. "The primate urban centre: Friend or foe to the national development?" African Urban Quarterly 3, no. 3/4 (August/November 1988): 197-202. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Urban growth, Urban planning policy. KEYWORDS: primate urban center; secondary urban center. Argues that the primate urban center is the friend of current African development and that secondary urban center market town strategies are not likely to succeed given the overall economic constraints in most African countries. Suggests key principles for effective national urban policies in Africa, which emphasize the need for affordable decentralization in the sense that economic efficiency criteria are applied to spatial stategies.

AFRICA/Women and Gender • 2 2 3 3546 Venard, Jean Louis. Intervention française dans le secteur urbain : en Afrique noire francophone. Paris: Economica, 1986. 190 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Urbanization, Intervention policy, International cooperation, Urban planning policy. KEYWORDS: Francophone Africa; France-Africa relations. Examines France's activities in the urban sector of its former African colonies during the 1960s through the 1980s. Examines French attempts to help African countries to renew their urban policies in order to better adapt to present social and economic realities. 3547 Werlin, Herbert W. "Improving squatter settlements in Africa: The World Bank experience." In: Slum and Squatter Settlements in Sub-Saharan Africa: Toward a Planning Strategy, edited by R. A. Obudho and Constance C. Mhlanga. New York: Praeger, 1988. 313326 pp. SUBJECTS: Squatter community, Urban population, Urban planning policy. KEYWORDS: World Bank; Francistown, Botswana; Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Lusaka, Zambia; Nairobi, Kenya. Utilizes World Bank projects to highlight existing development problems and the possibilities for overcoming them. Uses examples from Botswana, Kenya, Tanzania, and Zambia, which have set the pattern for the urban projects being carried out in countries facing comparable problems. Also discusses projects in Nigeria and Mali. 3548 White, Rodney R. "The influence of environmental and economic factors on the urban crisis." In: African Cities in Crisis: Managing Rapid Urban Growth, edited by Richard E. Stren and Rodney R. White. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1989. 1-19 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Urbanization, Population growth, Economic analysis, Urban planning policy. KEYWORDS: urban bias. Provides an overview of the process of urbanization today. Examines the manner in which urban policy options are constrained by current conditions and the effects of past urban policy. 3549 Young, Frank W., and Marwan Khawaja. "Spatial management policies in sub-Saharan African countries: A comparative analysis." African Urban Quarterly 2, no. 2 (May 1987): 82-86. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Urbanization, Urban planning policy, Development planning, Management. KEYWORDS: spatial analysis. Uses Ellen Brennan's and Harry Richardson's review of the interplay between urbanization and urban policy in sub-Saharan Africa to construct a cumulative scale of spatial policy diversity. 3550 Young, Frank W. "Subnational urban hierarchies in West Africa." African Urban Quarterly 3, no. 3/4 (August/November 1988): 212-217. tables. SUBJECTS: Urban development. Analyzes the urban hierarchies of forty-three subnational regions in West Africa, demonstrates that their shape is predictable, and states that subnational regions are integrated units. Describes survey methods and results. SEE ALSO 6056, 10217, 10218.

Women and Gender

3551 African Training and Research Center for Women. Guide pour l'élaboration et l'exécution des propositions de projets en faveur des femmes et du développement/Centre africain de recherches et de formation pour la femme. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: ECA, 1983. 22 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Women and development, Women's economic role, Technical training, Technical assistance. KEYWORDS: UNDP (UN Development Program); UN; CARFF (Centre Africain de Recherche et de Formation pour la Femme). 3552 Aidoo, Agnes Akosua. "Women and development in Africa:

Alternative strategies for the future." In: Economic Crisis in Africa: African Perspectives on Development Problems andPotentials, edited by Adebayo Adedeji and Timothy M. Shaw. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1985. 201-217 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Women's studies, Women's rights, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; ECA; African Training and Research Center for Women; UN Decade for Women, Equality, Development, and Peace 1975-1985. 3553 Aidoo, Agnes Akosua. "Women, Africa's majority and alternative strategies for the future: A regional perspective." In: Lagos Plan of Action and Africa's Future Economic Relations: Conference Proceedings, edited by ECA-Dalhousie Conference. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada: ECA-Dalhousie Conference, 1984. 23 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Women and development, Economic development, Development planning, Development theory. 3554 Alibert, Jacques. "La Femme africaine, son rôle dans le développement de 1 ' Afrique noire, difficultés et perspectives. " Afrique contemporaine 136 (October/December 1985): 25-35. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Agrarian reform, Women's studies, Gender relations, Agricultural policy, Women and development. 3555 Allison, Caroline. "What alternatives for women in Africa?" In: Development Options for Africa in the 1980s and Beyond, edited by P. Ndegwa, L. P. Mureithi and R. H. Green. Nairobi, Kenya: Oxford University Press, 1985. 135-152 pp. SUBJECTS: Women and development, Women's economic role, Women's political role, Rural development, Economic policy. 3556 Allison, Caroline. "Women, land, labour and survival: Getting some basic facts straight." Institute of Development Studies Bulletin 16, no. 3 (July 1985): 24-30. SUBJECTS: Land distribution, Women's studies, Household analysis, Women's economic role, Division of labor. KEYWORDS: survival strategies. 3557 Antoine, Phillipe, and Jeanne Nanitelamio. "Statuts féminins et urbanisation en Afrique." Politique africaine no. 36 (December 1989): 129-132. biblio. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Labor market, Marriage, Urban population, Women's studies. KEYWORDS: prostitution. Examines current status of urban African women. Explores labor, matrimonial, and sexual markets. 3558 Awe, Bolanle. "Women in the Lagos Plan of Action: A neglected majority? A brief review." In: Lagos Plan of Action and Africa's Future Economic Relations: Conference Proceedings, edited by ECA-Dalhousie Conference. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada: ECADalhousie Conference, 1984. 1-10 pp. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Women and development, Women's political role, Development theory, Policy analysis. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980. 3559 Bajra, Janet M. "Class, gender and capitalist transformation in Africa." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 8, no. 3 (1983): 17-42. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Women's studies, Women's rights, Capitalism, Class analysis. KEYWORDS: wage labor; feminism. 3560 Bay, Edna, ed. Women and Work in Africa. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1982.310 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Division of labor, Women's economic role, Women and development, Agricultural production, Economic development, Ideological conflict. 3561 Beneria, Lourdes. "Conceptualizing the labor force: The underestimation of women's economic activities." In: African Women in the Development Process, edited by Nici Nelson. London: Frank Cass,

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1981. 10-28 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Gender relations, Women and development, Statistical analysis, Labor force. 3562 Bilongo, Barnabè. La Femme noire africaine en situation, ou, si lafemme africaine était opprimée. Yaoundé, Cameroon: B. Bilongo, 1983.45 pp. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Women's studies, Sex role. KEYWORDS: Ngoa, Henri.

Gender relations. Describes policy issues related to women's agriculture and land use. Makes suggestions for way s in which women's role in agriculture can be enhanced and improved by developmental innovations that take into consideration African women's role as the primary producer of food and household labor.

3563 Bingham, Maijorie Wall. Women in Africa of the Sub-Sahara. Hudson, Wisconsin: Gary E. McCuen, 1982. 117 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Women's economic role, Women's political role, Women's rights, Political development, Human rights, Women and development.

3570 Cloud, Kathleen. "Women's productivity in agricultural households: How can we think about it? What do we know?" In: Women as Food Producers in Developing Countries, edited by Jamie Monson and Marion Kalb. Los Angeles, California: African Studies Center, University of California, 1985. 11-18 pp. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Women's economic role, Agricultural production, Household analysis.

3564 Bryson, Judy C. "Women and agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for development (an exploratory study)." In: African Women in the Development Process, edited by Nici Nelson. London: Frank Cass, 1981. 29-46 pp. SUBJECTS: Division of labor, Gender relations, Women and development, Food production, Agricultural policy. KEYWORDS: agroindustry.

3571 Cochrane, Susan H. "The relationship between education and fertility." In: Women, Education and Modernization of the Family in West Africa, edited by Helen Ware. Canberra, Australia: Department of Demography, Australian National University, 1981. 154-178 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Education level, Fertility, Demographic analysis, Women's rights.

3565 Bujra, Janet. '"Urging women to redouble their efforts . . .' Class, gender, and capitalist transformation in Africa." In: Women and Class in Africa, edited by Claire Robertson and Iris Berger. New York: Africana, 1986. 117-140 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Capitalist development, Women and development, Class analysis, Sex role. Examines the process of proletarianization in Africa, taking note of the limited extent to which women have been included in the process. Discusses how inclusion of women has differed from inclusion of men. Specifically examines how capital exploits female labor.

3572 Copans, Jean. "Des Modes domestiques aux modes salariés: cycles de prolétarisation et proto-prolétarisation féminine." Cahiers des sciences humaines 23, no. 1 (1987): 75-87. biblio. SUBJECTS: Household economy, Women's economic role, Nation-state, Women's studies, Informal sector, Working class. KEYWORDS: modes of production. Examines the theory of protoproletarization of women within the domestic mode of production. Takes into account the idea of class consciousness, especially in terms of the domestic, informal, and proletarian sectors.

3566 Bullwinkle, Davis A. African Women: A General Bibliography, 1976-1985. New York: Greenwood, 1989. 334 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Bibliography, Children, Arts, Migration, Urbanization, Women and development. KEYWORDS: infertility; abortion; female circumcision; witchcraft. Composed of citations not identified by specific region or nation in Africa. Establishes thirty-two subject headings. Includes a directory of organizations affiliated with African women's projects and programs. 3567 Burfisher, Mary E., and Nadine Horrenstein. "Incorporating women into agricultural development planning: A methodology." African Studies Association Papers 25, no. 15 (November 1982): 1-6. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Women's studies, Sex role, Agricultural extension service, Division of labor, Agricultural technology, Technical training. 3568 Chazan, Naomi. "Gender perspectives on African states." In: Women and the State in Africa, edited by Jane L. Parpart and Kathleen A. Staudt. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1989. 185-201 pp. SUBJECTS: State politics, Women's studies, National planning policy, Gender relations. KEYWORDS: women-state relations. Attempts to draw together aspects of the relationship between women and the state. Analyzes commonalities and differences in approach and interpretation and suggests several directions for future research. Discusses the incorporation of gender, which allows for the understanding of the African state in general and the relationship between the state and society. 3569 Cloud, Kathleen, and Jane B. Knowles. "Where can we go from here? Recommendations for action." In: Agriculture, Women, and Land: The African Experience, edited by Jean Davison. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1988. 250-264 pp. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Agricultural sector, Land-use policy, Division of labor,

3573 Cutrufelli, Maria Rosa. Women of Africa: Roots of Oppression, translated by Norman Romano. London: Zed, 1983. 186 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Traditional society, Women's economic role. KEYWORDS: Small Business Credit Scheme; polygyny. 3574 Davies, Miranda. "Women in struggle: An overview." Third World Quarterly 5, no. 4 (October 1983): 874-880. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Women's rights, Military government, National liberation movement, Women's political role, Women's studies. 3575 Davison, Jean, ed. Agriculture, Women, and Land: The African Experience. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1988. 278 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural sector, Women's economic role, Division of labor, Household economy, Agricultural production, Resource distribution, Gender relations. KEYWORDS: Kivu Region, Zaire; Oyo State, Nigeria; Sofala Province, Mozambique; Wad al Abbas, Sudan. A collection of essays on a variety of topics related to women and agriculture in Africa. Offers a broad geographic representation of the continent, focusing primarily on women's economic role and the position of women in society. Highlights control of resources, both land and labor. 3576 De Belder, Christiane. "Le Fait associatif pré et post colonial chez les femmes d'Afrique noire." In: L'Identité associative en Afrique et la participation des ONG au développement en vue d'un nouvel ordre mondial: Actes du Colloque UAI, 1984, edited by Paul Ghils. Brussels, Belgium: UAI, 1984.64-67 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Women and development, Traditional society, Women's political role. KEYWORDS: women's associations. 3577 Desta, Alem, ed. Women in Development: An Annotated Bibliography on Women and Development in Africa. The Hague, Netherlands: Institute of Social Studies, 1983. 101 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS:

AFRICA/Women and Gender • 2 2 5 Women's studies, Bibliography, Women and development, Urban development, Rural development. KEYWORDS: women farmers; women's associations. 3578 Dixon, Ruth B. "Seeing the invisible women farmers in Africa: Improving research and data collection." In: Women as Food Producers in Developing Countries, edited by Jamie Monson and Marion Kalb. Los Angeles, California: African Studies Center, University of California, 1985. 19-35 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Labor force, Agricultural labor, Women and development. KEYWORDS: women farmers. 3579 Droy, Isabelle. Femmes et développement rural. Paris: Karthala, 1990. 182 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Women and development, Women's economic role, Rural development, Anthropological analysis. Draws upon anthropological and socioeconomic analysis to examine the role of women within overall economic production in Africa. Addresses the forgotten and un-recognized status of economic activities carried out by women in the process of rural economy and development. 3580 Due, Jean M., and Rebecca Summary. "Constraints to women and development in Africa." The Journal of Modern African Studies 20, no. 1 (March 1982): 155-166. tables. SUBJECTS: Informal sector, Education opportunity, Sex discrimination, Women and development. 3581 ECA. ATRCW Research Publications. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: African Training and Research Centre for Women, 1983. 25 pp. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Women's rights, Employment, Mass media, Technology, Economic development, Women's studies. KEYWORDS: ATRCW (African Training and Research Centre for Women). 3582 ECA. Rapport du séminaire sur les techniques d'élaboration de projets: Brazzaville, 1-5 juin 1982. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: ECA, 1982.25 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Women and development, Women's studies, Self-reliance, Economic integration. KEYWORDS: CARFF (Centre Africain de Recherche et de Formation pour la Femme); URFC (Union Révolutionnaire des Femmes du Congo); UNDP (UN Development Program). 3583 Elias, Misrak. Training for Development Planning and Women: An African Perspective: Report on the Second Training Programme Held from 5 April to 14 May, 1982. Arusha, Tanzania: Eastern and Southern African Management Institute, 1982. 55 pp. SUBJECTS: Development theory, Women's studies, Women's economic role, Women's political role, Development planning, Project design, Bibliography. 3584 Ewombe-Koundo, Elisabeth. "La Femme africaine et le développement." Présence africaine 141 (1987): 41-51. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Development planning, Traditional society, Research methodology, Women and development. KEYWORDS: evaluation methods. Argues that it is simplistic to categorize African women in terms of traditional and modern and that it is wrong to use the term "development" casually. States that women used to have an important place in traditional family structures, but today their place is more vague. Explores the changing place of women in Africa. 3585 Giorgis, Belkis Wolde. Female Circumcision in Africa. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: ECA, African Training and Research Centre for Women, 1981. 78 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Islamic society, Health education, Policy recommendation, Sex role. KEYWORDS: female circumcision; donor agency; AAWORD (Association of African Women for Research and Development). 3586 Gregory, Joel W., and Victor Piché. "Mode de production et

régime démographique." In: Mode of Production : The Challenge of Africa, edited by B. Jewsiewicki and J. Létourneau. Ste-Foy, Quebec, Canada: Safi, 1985. 73-79 pp. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Economic analysis, Demographic analysis, Women's economic role, Development theory. KEYWORDS: modes of production; Meillassoux, Claude. 3587 Gugler, Josef. "The second sex in town." In: The Black Woman Cross-Culturally, edited by Filomina Chioma Steady. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Schenkman, 1981. 169-184 pp. SUBJECTS: Women and development, Gender relations, Employment opportunity, Education policy, Urban population. 3588 Guyer, Jane I. The Raw, the Cooked, and the Half-Baked: A Note on the Division of Labor by Sex. Boston, Massachusetts: African Studies Center, Boston University, 1981.11pp. SUBJECTS: Division of labor, Women's economic role, Women's studies, Literature review. 3589 Guyer, Jane I. Women and the State in Africa: Marriage Law, Inheritance, and Resettlement. Boston, Massachusetts: African Studies Center, Boston University, 1987. 13 pp. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Traditional society, Women's economic role, Traditional legal system. KEYWORDS: bridewealth; inheritance. Documents briefly the history of differential state intervention in marriage and inheritance. Explores possible strategies for researching how such dilemmas might be dealt with by local populations and the state. Discusses the transmission of rights in law and practice and the family and the state in resettlement. 3590 Guyer, Jane I. "Women's role in development." In: Strategies for African Development, edited by Robert J. Berg and Jennifer Seymour Whitaker. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, 1986. 393-421 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Women and development, Agricultural sector, Family. States that research on women and women's organizations has grown greatly during the 1970s and 1980s. Argues that development policies must be based on the facts about women's important role, the need for women's welfare to be addressed, and the need for development to be implemented by women. 3591 Hannan-Andersson, Carolyn. "Women in development." In: The Peripheral Centre: Swedish Assistance to Africa in Relation to Women, edited by Karin Himmelstrand and Noella Bickham. Stockholm, Sweden: Swedish International Development Authority, 1985. 9-13 pp. SUBJECTS: Women and development. 3592 Hay, Margaret Jean. "Queens, prostitutes and peasants: Historical perspectives on African women, 1971-1986." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 22, no. 3 (1988): 431-447. biblio. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Women's studies, Peasant society, Women's economic role, Traditional authority. KEYWORDS: prostitution. Examines recent literature on African women which reveals new interest in successful women in politics and commerce. Addresses women as victims—prostitutes, slaves, and servants—as well as peasants and nationalists. Discusses the ghettoization of African women's history. 3593 Henn, Jeanne Koopman. The Material Basis of Sexism: A Mode of Production Analysis with African Examples. Boston, Massachusetts: African Studies Center, Boston University, 1986. 31 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Labor market, Women's studies, Capitalism, Marxist analysis, Economic analysis, Sex discrimination. KEYWORDS: modes of production; patriarchy; feminism. Develops a theoretical approach to the analysis of class and gender, which demonstrates that gender relations can become class relations. Describes the patriarchal mode of production as a class

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relation between the patriarch and household members in which they struggle over control of the means of production.

legislative barriers, and attempts to identify programs and policies designed to include women in the workplace.

3594 Henn, Jeanne Koopman. "The material basis of sexism: A mode of production analysis." In: Patriarchy and Class: African Women in the Home and the Workforce, edited by Sharon B. Stichter and Jane L. Parpart. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1988. 27-59 pp. ALSO COVERS: Cameroon. SUBJECTS: Division of labor, Gender relations, Class analysis, Sex discrimination. KEYWORDS: modes of production; patriarchy; Southern Cameroon. Develops a theoretical approach to the analysis of class and gender, demonstrating that under certain conditions, gender relations become class relations. Addresses the concept of a patriarchal mode of production, discussing its relevance to the analysis of patriarchal stateless societies.

3602 Jouffrey, Roger. "La Paysanne africaine au travail." Afrique contemporaine 126 (April/June 1983): 23-29. SUBJECTS: Sex role, Peasant society, Subsistence farming, Women's studies, Sex role.

3595 Hosken, Fran P. The Hosken Report: Genital and Sexual Mutilation of Females. 3rd rev. Lexington, Massachusetts: Women's International Network News, 1982. 327 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Traditional society, Women and development. KEYWORDS: female circumcision.

3604 Kumar, Shubh K. "Women's role and agricultural technology." In: Accelerating Food Production in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by John W. Mellor, Christopher L. Delgado, and Malcolm J. Blackie. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987.135-147 pp. ALSO COVERS: Cameroon, Cote d'lvoire. SUBJECTS: Agricultural technology, Women's studies, Agricultural production, Development policy, Women's economic role, Household analysis. Uses case studies to discuss the traditional roles of women in farm production. Argues that agricultural development programs must serve better the needs of women, who are seldom recipients of the benefits of development programs.

3596 Hoskins, Linus A., and Darlene Colbert. "Women-in-development: Evolution of a foreign assistance policy." TransAfrica Forum 2, no. 4 (Summer 1985): 1-20. SUBJECTS: Women and development, Foreign aid policy, Basic needs, Policy analysis, Women's economic role. KEYWORDS: USAID; US-Africa relations; US Foreign Assistance Act 1973; Percy Amendment 1973. 3597 Howard, Rhoda. "Women and the crisis in Commonwealth Africa." Revue internationale de science politique/International Political Science Review 6, no. 3 (1985): 287-296. biblio. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Women's political role, Economic crisis. KEYWORDS: Commonwealth of Nations. 3598 International Labour Office, ed. Rural Development and Women in Africa. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1984. 157 pp. SUBJECTS: Division of labor, Women's economic role, Women's rights, Rural development, Economic development, Income inequality, Food production. 3599 Ivan-Smith, Edda, Nidhi Tandon, and Jane Connors. Women in Sub-Saharan Africa. London: Minority Rights Group, 1988.18pp. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Women's economic role, Legal system, Islamic society, Urbanization. KEYWORDS: women's health; women's education. Grapples with some of the basic concerns and problems facing African women today. Discusses the effects of urbanization and Islamic practices on women, women's agricultural contribution, women's health and education, and women's legal status. 3600 Jaquette, Jane. "Women, population and food: An overview of the issues." In: Women as Food Producers in Developing Countries, edited by Jamie Monson and Marion Kalb. Los Angeles, California: African Studies Center, University of California, 1985.1-9 pp. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania, BurkinaFaso. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Agricultural technology, Green Revolution, Women's studies. 3601 Jobs and Skills Programme for Africa. Women's Employment Patterns, Discrimination and Promotion of Equality in Africa: The Case of Zimbabwe. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: JASPA, 1986. 63 pp. ALSO COVERS: Zimbabwe. SUBJECTS: Case study, Women's economic role, Women and development, Employment opportunity, Employment policy, Sex discrimination. Seeks to explain the underrepresentation of women in the formal work force. Goes beyond traditional social and cultural constraints to examine discrimination against qualified female job seekers. Examines factors that keep women out of the job market, such as

3603 Koenig, Dolores. "Old stereotypes, new stereotypes: The realities for Africa's women farmers." TransAfrica Forum 4, no. 4 (Summer 1987): 17-34. SUBJECTS: Sex role, Sex discrimination, Women's rights. Examines gender roles in agriculture. Classifies women into two categories—old and new stereotypes. Suggests that for an effective production analysis, social scientists should look beyond the stereotypes.

3605 Langley, Philip. "Social and legal aspects of women in Africa: A preliminary approach to women and development: Getting a few facts right." In: The Role of Women in the Process of Development: Implications for Training, edited by Gerard M. Ssenkoloto. Douala, Cameroon: Pan African Institute for Development, 1983. 79-100 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria, Kenya. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Underdevelopment, Women's economic role, Women and development. 3606 Lerner, Gail. Women of the Sahara: A Model of Self-Reliance. New York: Women's International Resource Exchange Service, 1989. 19 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Historical analysis, Women's rights, Administration, Racism, Political development. KEYWORDS: Saharawi people; POLISARIO; NUSW (National Union of Saharawi Women); tribalism; US-Morocco relations. Looks at the women of the Sahara. Focuses on their self-reliance and political development. Touches upon the health care policy toward and education of Saharawi women. Examines Saharawi policies designed to prevent racism and tribalism. 3607 Lewis, Barbara. "Fertility and employment: An assessment of role imcompatibility among African urban women." In: Women and Work in Africa, edited by Edna G. Bay. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1982. 249-276 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Urban population, Fertility, Employment opportunity, Women's economic role, Sex role. KEYWORDS: urban women. 3608 Lewis, Barbara. "Getting women on the African agricultural development agenda." In: The Crisis and Challenge of African Development, edited by Harvey Glickman. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood, 1988.176-200 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Rural development, Agricultural sector, Women's studies, Women and development. KEYWORDS: USAID; feminism. Discusses the revival of Western feminism and activists who have sought to improve women's rights and status in Africa by influencing international development assistance organizations. Focuses on USAID's policies to promote women's involvement in agricultural development. 3609 Longwe, Sara H. From Welfare to Empowerment: The Situation

AFRICA/Women and Gender • 227 of Women in Development in Africa, a Post-UN Women's Decade Update and Future Directions. East Lansing, Michigan: Michigan State University, 1990. 25 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Women and development, Socioeconomic analysis, W o m e n ' s studies. KEYWORDS: UN Decade for Women, Equality, Development, and Peace 1975-1985. Examines the present stage of women's progress in development, with a special focus on the impact and aftermath of the UN Decade for Women. States that progress cannot be adequately assessed without a critical analysis of the quality of work toward women's development.

development, Rural population, Rural development, Women's studies, Development planning, Traditional society, Colonialism. Presents five phases with regards to the development of women: women in traditional societies, in social-cultural equilibrium, in colonial economies, in modernization, and women in development.

3610 Mbilinyi, Majorie. 'The changing position of women in the African labour force." In: Africa Projected: From Recession to Renaissance by the Year 2000? edited by Timothy M. Shaw and Olajide Aluko. London: Macmillan, 1985. 170-186 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Division of labor, Women's studies, Historical analysis, Sex role, Peasant economy, Women's economic role.

3619 Nelson, Nici. "Mobilizing village women: Some organizational and management considerations." In: African Women in the DevelopmentProcess, edited by Nici Nelson. London: Frank Cass, 1981,1981. 47-58 pp. SUBJECTS: Management, Gender relations, Women and development, Agricultural policy, Integrated rural development, Project design, Women's economic role. KEYWORDS: rural women; women's projects.

3618 Nelson, Nici, ed. African Women in the Development Process. London: Frank Cass, 1981.144 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Lesotho, Zambia. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Gender relations, Women and development, Labor migration, Cooperatives. KEYWORDS: rural women.

3611 Monson, Jamie, and Marion Kalb, eds. Women as Food Producers in Developing Countries. Los Angeles, California: African Studies Center, University of California, 1985. 118 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Women's political role, Agricultural sector, Labor force, Resource distribution, Entrepreneurship, Household analysis. KEYWORDS: women farmers.

3620 Nwanosike, Eugene O. Third World Women and Rural Development. Douala, Cameroon: Pan African Institute for Development, 1984. 218 pp. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Rural development, Agricultural sector, Employment, Women and development. KEYWORDS: child care; women's organizations.

3612 Moock, Joyce Lewinger, ed. Understanding Africa's Rural Households and Farming Systems. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1986. 234 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Botswana, Cameroon. SUBJECTS: Agricultural sector, Household economy, Women's economic role, Division of labor, Women's studies, Resource distribution, Economic development. KEYWORDS: farming systems research. Reflects the importance of the two-way relationship between agricultural productivity and household welfare in terms of fanning systems research and macroeconomic policy, the complex linkages between intrahousehold and interhousehold variables in determining resource access and control, and other issues.

3621 Nzomo, Maria. "Women, democracy and development in Africa." In: Democratic Theory and Practice in Africa, edited by Walter O. Oyugi, E. S. Atieno Odhiambo, Michael Chege, and Afrifa K. Gitonga. Portsmouth, New Hampshire: Heinemann, 1988.139-159 pp. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Women's rights, Education level, Political participation, Sex discrimination. KEYWORDS: means of production. Examines the historical origins of gender inequalities and the consequent loss of freedom and social justice for women. Assesses the forms and manifestations of women's exploitation and oppression in Africa. Presents some possible strategies for eliminating existing structures that perpetuate inequalities and injustices.

3613 Munnik, Madeline. "The status of African women." Africa Insight 16, no. 2 (1986): 109-113. tables. SUBJECTS: Division of labor, Women's studies, Sex role, Colonialism, Migration pattern. Examines some of the changes that have taken place regarding the status of African women from the colonial era to the present.

3622 O'Barr, Jean F., ed. Perspectives on Power: Women in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Durham, North Carolina: Center for International Studies, Duke University, 1982. 120 pp. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Neocolonialism, Imperialism, Division of labor, Apartheid.

3614 Munnik, Madeline. "Whither with women's rights." Africa Insight 16, no. 3 (1986): 145-148. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Division of labor, Household analysis, Income distribution, Women's rights, Capitalism, Socialism. Discusses the dual role that African women play in the division of labor. Outlines the nature of that division from a woman's perspective, acknowledging women's contribution in the household and in income-generating activities.

3623 Ogundipe-Leslie, Molara. "African women, culture and another development." Journal of African Marxists no. 5 (February 1984): 77-92. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Women's studies, Cultural policy, Women and development.

3615 Munzihirwa, Mzee. "Aux Racines du développement, le rôle de la femme." Zaïre-Afrique 196 (June/August 1985): 349-361. SUBJECTS: Women and development, Development policy, Women's studies, Traditional society, Religion. 3616 M u r o , Asseny. "Women commodity producers and proletariats: The case of African women." In: Challenging Rural Poverty, edited by Fassil Kiros. Trenton, New Jersey: Africa World Press, 1985. 61-79 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Commodity production, Women's studies, Working class, Sex role, Education opportunity, Women's economic role, Labor force. 3617 Mwagiru, Wanjiku. 'The woman: So strong a force." Présence africaine 141 (1987): 71-81. biblio. SUBJECTS: Women and

3624 Omolara Ogundipe, Leslie. "African women, culture and another development." Présence africaine 141 (1987): 123-139. biblio. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Women's studies, Women and development, Colonialism, Traditional society, Underdevelopment. KEYWORDS: cultural imperialism. Discusses the position of women in the development process and the factors that may prohibit their full participation. 3625 Oppong, Christine. "Les Femmes africaines: des épouses, des mères et des travailleurs." In: Population et sociétés en Afrique au sud du Sahara, edited by Dominique Tabutin. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1988. 421-440 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Fertility, Sex role, Employment, Marriage. KEYWORDS: domestic workers. Looks at the heavy economic and social tasks undertaken by African women. Addresses marriage, as well as women's education, employment, domestic work, and fertility role. Claims that in order to provide additional labor, high fertility rates among African women are

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necessary because of the shortage of their own time and their heavy task load. 3626 Palmer, Ingrid. Gender Issues in Structural Adjustment of Sub-Saharan African Agriculture and Some Demographic Implications. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1988. 27 pp. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Women's economic role, Demographic analysis, Fertility, Land tenure system, Household analysis, Division of labor. KEYWORDS: economic liberalization. Claims that farmers' response to price liberalization is constrained by several factors, including gender. Argues that structural adjustment policies that do not take into account the gender division of resources, management, and work could lead to a rise in the infant death rate or to decreased incentive to reduce fertility. 3627 Parpart, Jane L. "African women and development: Gender in the Lagos Plan of Action." In: Continental Crisis: The Lagos Plan of Action and Africa's Future, edited by David Fashole Luke and Timothy M. Shaw. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1984.131-153 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Gender relations, Women's rights, Sex discrimination, Women and development. KEYWORDS: International Women's Year 1975; UN Decade for Women, Equality, Development, and Peace 1975-1985; AAWORD (Association of African Women for Research and Development); Lagos Plan of Action 1980. 3628 Parpart, Jane L. African Women and Development: Gender in the Lagos Plan of Action. East Lansing, Michigan: Women in International Development, Michigan State University, 1985.17pp.biblio. SUBJECTS: Food production, Women's economic role, Women and development, Economic development, Agricultural production, Gender relations. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980. 3629 Parpart, Jane L. "African women and development: Gender in the Lagos Plan of Action." In: Lagos Plan of Action and Africa's Future Economic Relations: Conference Proceedings, edited by ECADalhousie Conference. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada: ECA-Dalhousie Conference, 1984. 1-23 pp. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Women and development, Development planning, Women's studies, Women's rights, Gender relations. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980. 3630 Parpart, Jane L., ed. Women and Development in Africa: Comparative Perspectives. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1989. 345 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Women's economic role, Women and development, Agricultural production, Peasant economy. A collection of articles addressing women in development all over the world. Provides comparative insights from Canada, the Caribbean, Latin America, the Middle East, North Africa, and India. Addresses the African case in Malawi, Tanzania, Botswana, Zambia, and Nigeria. 3631 Parpart, Jane L., and Kathleen A. Staudt, eds. Women and the State in Africa. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1989. 229 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria, Zaire. SUBJECTS: Political economy studies, Women's studies, Class formation, Crisis management, Women's political role. Uses case studies to analyze the complex reations between gender, class, and political economy. Addresses theoretical issues that transcend state boundaries. Focuses on single states in particular periods. 3632 Parpart, Jane L., and Kathleen A. Staudt. "Women and the state in Africa." In: Women and the State in Africa, edited by Jane L. Parpart and Kathleen A. Staudt. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1989. 1 -19 pp. SUBJECTS: Dependency theory, Gender relations, Women' s studies, Women and development, Women's political role.

KEYWORDS: modes of production. Focuses on thoretical perspectives into which analyses of gender and the state may fit. Continues to develop a gendered approach to examine the historical origins, composition, and management of the state in Africa. 3633 Parpart, Jane L. Women and the State in Afiica. East Lansing, Michigan: Michigan State University, 1986. 26 pp. SUBJECTS: Women's political role, Women's rights. Examines the role of African women in relation to the state. Notes the history of male dominance in Africa and the current trend for African women to speak out against oppressive male governments. 3634 Parpart, Jane L. "Women, workers and collective labour action in Africa." In: Labour and Unions in Asia and Africa: Contemporary Issues, edited by Roger Southall. Houndmills, UK: Macmillan, 1988. 238-255 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Women's political role, Sex discrimination, Labor strike, Agricultural sector, Mining. Argues that women deserve more attention in the literature as workers and as protestors. Discusses the role of women in strikes and other collective action. Casts doubt on the assumption of female passivity and suggests a need to incorporate women into the analysis of African labor. 3635 Pellow, Deborah. Marginality and Individual Consciousness: Women in Modernizing Africa. East Lansing, Michigan: Women in International Development, Michigan State University, 1983. 33 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Urban population, Women's studies, Women and development, Modernization, Social change. 3636 Penna, David, Kathleen Mahoney-Norris, Eileen McCarthyArnolds, and Todd Sanders. "A woman's right to political participation in Africa." Africa Today 37, no. 1 (1990): 49-64. SUBJECTS: Women's rights, Human rights, Political participation, Women's political role. KEYWORDS: economic rights; UN Decade for Women, Equality, Development, and Peace 1975-1985. Review of women's rights in Africa, including government representation, educational opportunity, and public health. Addresses the prospects for improvement. 3637 Roberston, Claire, and Iris Berger, eds. Women and Class in Africa. New York: Africana, 1986. 310 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Women and development, Women's political role, Women's economic role, Class analysis, Women's studies. Examines the position of women in the African economy from a class analysis point of view. Discusses issues related to resource access, economic autonomy, and class solidarity. Uses current case studies in addition to historical cases. 3638 Robertson, Claire, and Iris Berger. "Introduction: Analyzing class and gender-African perspectives." In: Women and Class in Africa, edited by Claire Robertson and Iris Berger. New York: Africana, 1986.3-26 pp. SUBJECTS: Class analysis, Women's political role, Women and development, Women's economic role, Sex role. Discusses methods of analyzing the role of women in Africa and the need for a reconceptualized look at class and gender analysis. Reviews the literature in the field. 3639 Sacks, Karen. "An overview of women and power in Africa." In: Perspectives on Power: Women in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, edited by Jean F. O'Barr. Durham, North Carolina: Center for International Studies, 1982. 1-10 pp. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Neocolonialism, Imperialism, Division of labor, Apartheid. 3640 Sacks, Karen. "Public and private: Eternal verity or historical particular?" African Studies Association Papers 24, no. 109 (October 1981): 1-10. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Women's studies,

AFRICA/Women and Gender • 2 2 9 Division of labor, Sex discrimination, Political power. KEYWORDS: domestic workers; relations of production. 3641 Sanderson, Lilian Passmore. Against the Mutilation of Women: The Struggle to End Unnecessary Suffering. London: Ithaca, 1981. 117 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Traditional society, Family planning, Nonformal education, W o m e n ' s rights. KEYWORDS: female circumcision; social control. 3642 Saurel, Renée. L'Enterrée vive: essai sur les mutilations sexuelles feminities, suivi de la Conférence de la Mi-décennie de la Femme à Copenhague. Geneva, Switzerland: Slatkine, 1981. 310 pp. ALSO COVERS: Kenya, Sudan. SUBJECTS: Islamic society, Women's studies, Anthropological analysis, Traditional society, Women's rights, Sex discrimination. KEYWORDS: female circumcision. 3643 Savane, Marie Angelique. "Le Plan d'Action et les femmes." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 7, no. 1/2 (1982): 142148. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Women's studies, Agricultural production, Women's economic role. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980. 3644 Simms, Ruth. "The African woman as entrepreneur: Problems and perspectives on their roles." In: The Black Woman Cross-Culturally, edited by Filomina Chioma Steady. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Schenkman, 1981.141-168 pp. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Gender relations, Women and development, Entrepreneurship. KEYWORDS: women traders. 3645 Sow, Fatou. "Femmes africaines, emploi et division internationale du travail." Présence africaine 141 (1987): 195-226. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Employment, Labor force, Division of labor, Rural development, Informal sector, Agricultural cooperatives. Examines women's activities in light of the international division of labor. States that the global economy and capitalist institutions dominate the labor force. Explores the history and intellectual arguments behind the international division of labor. Focuses on women in the rural and urban labor forces. 3646 Sow, Fatou. Femmes africaines, emploi et division internationale du travail. Dakar, Senegal: Université de Dakar, 1983. 53 pp. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Employment, Labor force, Rural development, Informal sector, Division of labor, Agricultural cooperatives. 3647 Spring, Anita. Using Male Research and Extension Personnel to Target Women Farmers. East Lansing, Michigan: Women in International Development, Michigan State University, 1987.33 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Malawi. SUBJECTS: Agricultural extension service, Women's economic role, Sex discrimination, Division of labor. KEYWORDS: WIADP (Women in Agricultural Development Project); farming systems research. States that agricultural research and extension need the involvement of both female and male personnel to target farmers of both genders. Considers the gender-related characteristics of extension services and how such characteristics affect the ways a variety of farmers, especially women, are reached. 3648 Ssenkoloto, Gerard M., ed. The Role of Women in the Process of Development: Implications for Training. Douala, Cameroon: PanAfrican Institute for Development, 1983. 198 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Adult education, Women's economic role, Underdevelopment, Literacy, Labor migration. KEYWORDS: women's social role; PAID-WA (Pan-African Institute for Development-West Africa); rural education; curriculum. 3649 Ssenkoloto, Gerard M. "Towards realistic curricula for African

women in the process of development: What realistic contributions can the African Institute for Development offer?" In: The Role of Women in the Process of Development: Implications for Training, edited by Gerard M. Ssenkoloto. Douala, Cameroon: Pan-African Institute for Development, 1983. 18-50 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Cameroon, Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Adult education, Literacy, Women and development. KEYWORDS: PAID (PanAfrican Institute for Development). 3650 Stamp, Patricia. Technology, Gender, andPower in Africa. 2nd ed. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: International Development Research Centre, 1990. 185 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria, Kenya. SUBJECTS: Gender relations, Women's studies, Technology, Women's economic role, Political economy studies, Agricultural production, Land tenure system. KEYWORDS: ILO; WHO. Uses case studies to explore the interaction between technology transfer and gender factors. Analyzes conceptual frameworks and critiques the fields of African studies, women's studies, and development studies. Identifies issues for future research. Addresses health and land access in particular. 3651 Staudt, Kathleen, and Harvey Glickman. "Beyond Nairobi: Women's politics and policies in Africa revisited." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 17, no. 2 (Summer 1989): 4-6. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Women's political role, Women and development. KEYWORDS: UN Decade for Women, Equality, Development, and Peace 1975-1985; women's organizations. Discusses the emergence of the African woman's voice in the political process. Reviews authors who have recently addressed African women's issues and questions emerging from the UN Decade for Women conference in Nairobi in 1985. 3652 Staudt, Kathleen. "Women farmers in Africa: Research and institutional action, 1972-1987." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 22, no. 3 (1988): 567-582. biblio. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Household analysis, Agricultural policy, Economic policy, Women and development. Criticizes the state bureaucracy and other planning institutions for failing to include the perspective and voices of women farmers despite the voluminous literature on the topic. Discusses the contributions of Africanists to the study of women in agriculture. 3653 Staudt, Kathleen. "Women in development: The bureaucratic mire." TransAfricaForumA, no. 3 (Spring 1987): 43-52. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Sex role, Sex discrimination, Women's rights, Women and development. KEYWORDS: USAID. Addresses the issue of gender subordination in government institutions in Africa and the relationship between the office of women in development and the USAID. 3654 Staudt, Kathleen. "Women's political consciousness in Africa: A framework for analysis." In: Women as Food Producers in Developing Countries, edited by Jamie Monson and Marion Kalb. Los Angeles, California: African Studies Center, University of California, 1985. 71-84 pp. ALSO COVERS: Kenya. SUBJECTS: Women's political role, Sex discrimination, Resource distribution. KEYWORDS: Luyia people. 3655 Staudt, Kathleen. Women's Politics and Capitalist Transformation in Subsaharan Africa. East Lansing, Michigan: Michigan State University, 1984. 29 pp. SUBJECTS: Women and development, Women's economic role, Political participation, Legal system. 3656 Staudt, Kathleen. "Women's politics, the state, and capitalist transformation in Africa." In: Studies in Power and Class in Africa, edited by Irving Leonard Markovitz. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1987.193-208 pp. SUBJECTS: Women's political role, Educa-

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tion opportunity, Sex discrimination, Colonialism, Nationalist movement. Analyzes the indigenous political economy of women; examines specifically British and mission education and training programs for women. Reviews responses to the state, focusing on women's politics in the nationalist and postindependence eras. 3657 Staudt, Kathleen A. "Women's politics in Africa." In: Women and Politics in Twentieth Century Africa and Asia, edited by Vinson H. Sutlive, Nathan Altshuler, and Mario D. Zamora. Williamsburg, Virginia: College of William and Mary, 1981. 1-28 pp. SUBJECTS: Women's political role, Colonialism, Political participation, Gender relations, Women and development, Women's economic role. 3658 Steady, Filomina Chioma, ed. The Black Woman Cross-culturally. Cambridge, Massachussetts: Schenkman, 1981. 644 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Ghana, Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Self-reliance, Women's studies, Women and development, Sex discrimination. KEYWORDS: women leaders; women and revolution. 3659 Steady, Filomina Chioma. "Women: The gender factor in the African social situation." In: The African Social Situation: Crucial Factors of Development and Transformation, edited by ACARTSOD (African Centre for Applied Research and Training in Social Development). London: Hans Zell, 1990. 155-199 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Women's economic role, Economic dependency, Technology, Employment, Public health, Urban population. Describes the negative effects of regressive development, dependency, and technology on women in Africa. Addresses issues of women's equality; women and peace; and women's employment, health, and education. Examines the position of women in agriculture and trade and suggests ways to improve women's status. 3660 Steeves, H. Leslie. Women, Rural Information Delivery, and Development in Sub-Saharan Africa. East Lansing, Michigan: Michigan State University, 1990. 35 pp. SUBJECTS: Mass communication, Women and development, Rural population, Women's studies. Uses the context of sub-Saharan Africa to review literature related to women and development communication, including research on women and mass media, case studies of development communication projects, and research on women and extension. 3661 Stichter, Sharon B., and Jane L. Parpart, eds. Patriarchy and Class: African Women in the Home and the Workforce. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1988. 233 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Women's economic role, Rural population, Gender relations, Women's rights, Sex discrimination, Marxist analysis. KEYWORDS: feminism; patriarchy. Argues for the applicability of a materialist mode of production analysis to the situation of women in Africa. Addresses fundamental problems of conceptualization relevant to Marxist feminism. Discusses women's position in agricultural production, petty commodity production, and wage labor. 3662 Sutlive, Vinson H., Nathan Altshuler, and Mario D. Zamora, eds. Women and Politics in Twentieth Century Africa and Asia. Williamsburg, Virginia: Department of Anthropology, College of William and Mary, 1981. 167 pp. ALSO COVERS: Kenya. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Gender relations, Political participation, Education opportunity, Social change, National development. 3663 Tadesse, Zenebeworke. "Studies on rural women in Africa: An overview." In: Rural Development and Women in Africa, edited by International Labour Office. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1984. 65-73 pp. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Women's economic role, Women's political role, Women and

development. 3664 Tadria, Hilda. "Gender-responsive social science research: An African perspective." Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review 5, no. 1 (January 1989): 41-49. SUBJECTS: Academic research, Women's studies, Gender relations. KEYWORDS: social science discipline. Argues that the social sciences must view gender as critical to social organization. Suggests a reorientation on the part of researchers. Analyzes the history of research to prove that sexism in social science research uses biased data and analysis. 3665 Takata, Diana. "Private volunteer organizations and women's participation in African development." Rural Africana no. 21 (Winter 1985): 65-79. tables. SUBJECTS: Women and development, Sex role, Women's economic role, Technical training, Technical assistance. KEYWORDS: voluntary organizations; OXFAM; SCF (Save the Children Foundation); AFSC (American Friends Service Committee). 3666 Takata, Diane M. "Decreasing women's participation in the African development process through the assistance of U.S. private voluntary organizations." African Studies Association Papers 25, no. 113 (November 1982): 1-24. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Appropriate technology, Women's studies, Division of labor, Resource distribution, Education opportunity, Credit policy, Women and development. KEYWORDS: female-headed households; voluntary organizations. 3667 Thiam, Awa. Speak Out, Black Sisters: Feminism and Oppression inBlackAfrica. London: Pluto, 1986.136 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Sex discrimination, Islam, Women's political role, Women and development, Women's economic role. KEYWORDS: Muslim women; female circumcision; infibulation; feminism. Examines the oppression of women in Africa, and of Muslim women in particular, and the means and methods of their oppression. Allows women to speak out about personal experiences with discrimination and analyzes the institutionalized sexism found in Muslim and other African cultures. 3668 UN Department of International Economic and Social Affairs. Statistics and Indicators on Women in Africa, 19861Statistiques et indicateurs sur lesfemmes en Afrique, 1986. New York: UN, 1989. 225 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Women's economic role, Household economy, Literacy, Health service, Women's political role. A compilation of statistics on women in Africa to aid in research on women, the formation of policy, and the improvement of women's situation. Addresses women's health, education, and economic and political opportunities. 3669 UN Department of Technical Cooperation for Development. Promotion of Women's Participation in Water Resources Development: Report of the Seminar, Bamako, Mali, 14-18 November, 1988. New York: UN, 1990. 63 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Women and development, Water supply, Technological development. Report of a seminar that reviewed new approaches, including technological and nontechnological measures, participation of women in the community in the operation and maintenance of water supply and sanitation facilities, self-financing of water projects, and measures to improve domestic water quality and health. 3670 Weekes-Vagliani, Winifred. "Women, food and rural development." In: Crisis and Recovery in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Tore Rose. Paris: OECD, 1985. 104-109 pp. SUBJECTS: Women and development, Women's economic role, Food production. 3671 White, Sylvia. "African women as small-scale entrepreneurs:

ALGERI A/Agriculture • 2 3 1 Their impact on employment creation." In: Women as Food Producers in Developing Countries, edited by Jamie Monson and Marion Kalb. Los Angeles, California: African Studies Center, University of California, 1985. 37-50 pp. ALSO COVERS: Ghana. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Employment, Entrepreneurship, Women's studies. KEYWORDS: garri production; employment creation. 3672 Wipper, Audrey. "Reflections on the past sixteen years, 1972, and future challenges." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue

canadienne des études africaines 22, no. 3 (1988): 409-421. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Women's studies, Women's political role, Women's rights. KEYWORDS: feminism; women farmers. Assesses the changes in African women's status and the research on women in the 1970s and 1980s and notes the continuing poverty of women. Criticizes governmental machinery and the implementation of policies to help women and discusses the situation of women farmers. SEE ALSO 13232.

ALGERIA Agriculture

3673 Abdi, Nouiredine. "Eléments pour une étude comparative des politiques de développement rural et des réformes agraires." In: Méthodes d'approche du monde rural. Algiers, Algeria: Office des Publications Universitaires, 1984. 229-249 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agrarian reform, Agricultural development, Socialism, Land-use policy. 3674 Amara, Hamid Ait. "Algeria: Agriculture and industry." In: African Agriculture : The Critical Choices, edited by Hamid Ait Amara and Bernard Founou-Tchuigoua. Toyko, Japan: UN University Press, 1990. 40-67 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Industrial development, Industrialization, Agricultural research, Agricultural development. Defines auto-centered development. Explores the conditions that must exist for the relationship between agriculture and industry to intensify and grow. Reviews the effect of industrialization on agriculture, including changes in employment, prices, and food demand. 3675 Bedrani, Slimane. "Algérie: une nouvelle politique envers la paysannerie." Revue de l'occident musulman et de la Méditerranée 45 (1987): 55-66. SUBJECTS: Agricultural policy, Agrarian reform, Privatization, State-owned enterprise, Peasant society. KEYWORDS: peasant-state relations. Examines the agricultural policies of the Algerian government since 1970 and the inability of those policies to achieve their goals. Outlines current government efforts such as increasing agricultural privatization and reducing agricultural bureaucracy. Assesses policy effects on the peasantry. 3676 Beke, D. "The administration of the commune in Algeria. An instrument for state penetration at the local level." Les Cahiers du CEDAF no. 2/4 (July 1986): 157-176. SUBJECTS: Agricultural cooperatives, Colonialism, Agricultural development, Administration, Local development. KEYWORDS: Communal Code 1967; commune; state-agriculture relations. Examines Algerian government efforts to enhance the administration of rural communes. Presents a brief history of agricultural development from before colonialism until the Communal Code was passed in 1967. Explores the impact of the code on rural development and commune effectiveness. 3677 Benfrid, Mohamed. "Processus d'intensification et difficultés d'intégration agro-industrielle sur le périmètre du Haut-Chélif." Revue de l'occident musulman et de la Méditerranée 45 (1987): 106-112. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural policy, Agricultural economics. KEYWORDS: agroindustry; agricultural intensification; Haut-Chélif, Algeria.

An agroeconomic analysis of the Haut-Chélif agricultural intensification project. Claims that the success of the project depends on the extent to which the various actors vertically integrate and coordinate their activities. Predicts that failure to adopt a common strategy will inevitably impair the process. 3678 Colonna, Fanny. "La Ville au village—transferts de savoirs et de modèles entre villes et campagnes en Algérie." In: Méthodes d'approche du monde rural. Algiers, Algeria: Office des Publications Universitaires, 1984. 259-280 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Food production, Village development, Rural population, Urbanization, Economic development, Agrarian reform, Traditional society. 3679 de Villers, G. "La Révolution agraire et le pouvoir communal en Algérie." Les Cahiers du CEDAF no. 2-4 (July 1986): 139-155. SUBJECTS: Agrarian reform, Agricultural development, Local development, Development planning, Rural development, Democracy. KEYWORDS: Algerian Revolution 1954-1962. Examines structural changes that have recently occurred in Algeria and their impact on local development. Focuses on local democratic structures, communal agriculture, and the role of the state in rural development. 3680 de Villers, Gauthier. "Remarques critiques sur la démarche suivie dans l'enquête sur les palméraies de l'Oued Righ 1970-1974." In: Méthodes d'approche du monde rural. Algiers, Algeria: Office des Publications Universitaires, 1984.25-39 pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural p r o d u c t i o n , Agricultural d e v e l o p m e n t , Marxist analysis. KEYWORDS: modes of production. 3681 Delorme, Hélène. "L'Algérie: importations de céréales, blocage de la production et développement de l'état." Maghreb Machrek no. 91 (January/March 1981): 7-23. tables. SUBJECTS: Food production, Import policy, Food policy, Commercial agriculture. KEYWORDS: food imports. 3682 Dubost, Daniel. "Nouvelles perspectives agricoles au Sahara algérien." Revue de l'occident musulman et de la Méditerranée 41/42 (1986): 339-356. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Food production, Self-sufficient economy, Agricultural technology, Subsistence farming, Commercial agriculture, Irrigation. KEYWORDS: Sahara Desert. Explores agricultural development since the 1970s. Assesses the effects of the transformation from subsistence to commercial agriculture and the increase in modernized agriculture. Addresses the goal of food self-sufficiency. 3683 Founou-Tchuigoua, Bernard. "Agricultural development without delinking: Lessons to be drawn." In: African Agriculture: The Critical Choices, edited by Hamid Ait Amara and Bernard Founou-

2 3 2 • ALGERI A / A g r i c u l t u r e Tchuigoua. Toyko, Japan: UN University Press, 1990. 192-216 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania, Africa. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Agricultural policy. Argues that the best future of African agriculture lies in radical, autonomous development. Reviews the experiences of Algeria and Tanzania in such alternative development. Describes the impact of their agricultural policies and concludes that their efforts were important even if success was mixed. 3684 Guillermou, Yves. "Le développement pastoral en Algérie: dirigisme ou laissez-faire?" Cahiers des sciences humaines 26, no. 1/2 (1990): 155-171. biblio. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Pastoralism, Livestock production, State intervention. KEYWORDS: agrarian revolution; ADEP (Association pour le Développement Pastoral); Pastoral Code. Examines pastoral development in Algeria. Looks at the contradictions and diversity of nomadic pastoralism and state intervention into nomadic affairs. Analyzes both the state's encouragement of livestock breeding and the Pastoral Code. 3685 Miette, Roland. "L'Agriculture algérienne." L'Afrique et l'Asie modernes 156 (1988): 90-101. tables. SUBJECTS: Food production, Agricultural sector, Peasant class, Demographic analysis, Agrarian reform. KEYWORDS: soil analysis. Examines the historical structures of Algerian agriculture, productivity, and demographic analyses, as well as the reforms necessary in order to better attack the issue of agricultural production. Suggests a total revision of Algeria's agricultural development. 3686 Nadir, Mohamed Tayeb. L'Agriculture dans la planification en Algérie: de 1967 à 1977. Hydra, Algeria: Office des Publications Universitaires, 1982. 597 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic planning, Agricultural policy, Agrarian reform. 3687 Pérennès, Jean-Jacques. "La Crise des modèles de mise en valeur des périmètres irrigables en Algerie. Le Cas du Haut-Chélif." Revue de l'occident musulman et de la Méditerranée 45 (1987): 94-105. biblio. SUBJECTS: Irrigation, Agricultural development. KEYWORDS: agroindustry; agricultural intensification; Haut-Chélif, Algeria; peasant-state relations. Presents a brief history of the Haut-Chélif irrigation project and analyzes its failure in terms of the intensification model it was conceived to serve. Examines the agrotechniques involved and the debates on peasant economic behavior. 3688 Pérennès, Jean-Jacques. "La Politique hydro-agricole de l'Algérie: données actuelles et principales contraintes." Maghreb Machrek no. 111 (January/March 1986): 57-76. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural technology, Water supply, Agricultural development, Agricultural policy, Development financing, Irrigation. KEYWORDS: hydroagriculture; Algeria Second Five Year Development Plan 1985-1989. States that Algeria's second five-year development plan instituted a hydroagricultural policy aimed at intensifying agricultural production and eliminated the food deficit. Examines the nature of this construction and its potential for improving agricultural production in Algeria. 3689 Ruf, Werner. "Postface: les villages socialistes dans la stratégie algérienne de développement." In: Les Villages socialistes de la révolution agraire algérienne, 1972-1982, edited by François Burgat and Michel Nancy. Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1984. 231-248 pp. SUBJECTS: Socialist development, Village development, Industrial development, Agricultural development, Development planning, Agrarian reform. KEYWORDS: FLN (Front de Libération Nationale). 3690 Rybinski, Adam. "Economie pastorale des bédouins algériens et possibilités de sa monétarisation aperçu général." Africana Bulletin

32 (1984): 57-65. SUBJECTS: Pastoralism, Economic development, Social development policy, Agricultural development, Agrarian reform. KEYWORDS: Bedouin people. SEE ALSO 5291, 10284.

Class

3691 Corten,André, and Marie-Blanche Tahon. "La Formation accélérée de la classe ouvrière: l'expérience algérienne." Labour, Capital and Society/Travail, capital et société 15, no. 2 (November 1982): 41-57. SUBJECTS: Class formation, Working class, Industrial development, Gender relations. 3692 Touati, Houari. "La Rue, le prolétaire et 1' atelier dans l'Algérie d'aujourd'hui." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 21 (1984): 147-153. tables. SUBJECTS: Working class, Class struggle, Labor strike, Labor unrest. KEYWORDS: ATU (Assemblées de Travailleurs de l'Unité); FNTB (Fédération Nationale des Travailleurs du Bâtiment).

Colonialism

3693 Mouhoubi, Salah. La Politique de coopération algérofrançaise: bilan et perspectives. Paris: Publisud, 1988. 303 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Foreign policy, Colonialism, Decolonization, Economic integration. KEYWORDS: France-Algeria relations; Evion Agreement 1962. Examines the political and economic relations between France and Algeria. Suggests that in order to understand these relations, one needs to appreciate the bitterness of the Algerian revolution and its consequences for both countries. SEE ALSO 6987, 10291.

Economics

3694 Abdoun, Rabah. "Algeria: The problem of nation-building." In: Adjustment or Delinking? The African Experience, edited by Azzam Mahjoub. Tokyo, Japan: UN University Press, 1990.14-48 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Nation-building, Structural adjustment, Industrial development, State-owned enterprise, Economic dependency, International economic system. Assesses the concept of nation-building. Identifies the problems that have faced nation-building in Algeria. Argues that the nationbuilding process in Algeria must be altered to a democratic process of disengagement or continued as a dependent process of adjustment. 3695 Ahmed, Abdelkader Sid. "Pétrole et développement: le cas algérien." The Maghreb Review 1, no. 3/4 (May/August 1982): 49-61. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Oil industry, Development planning, Economic growth rate, Investment policy, Industrial development, Agricultural development. 3696 Ali-Toudert, Abdallah. Le Coût de la vie en Algérie depuis 1962. Paris: Economica, 1982. 124 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Monetary policy, Price policy, Industrialization, Labor force, In-

ALGERIA/Education • 233 flation. KEYWORDS: cost of living. 3697 Barrett, Christopher B. "Saharan perestroika: Economic revolution in Algeria." Journal of Third World Studies 7, no. 2 (Fall 1990): 173-203. SUBJECTS: Economic reform, Oil industry, Market economy, Agricultural sector. KEYWORDS: economic liberalization; Benjedid, Chadli; FLN (Front de Libération Nationale); BCA (Banque Centrale d'Algérie). Analyzes the current economic liberalization reforms that Algeria has undertaken in recent years. Maintains the reforms have been necessary due to the fall in the price of oil, which the country has relied heavily on for foreign exchange. Contends that agriculture has reaped the most benefits from the reforms. 3698 Bedrani, Slimane. State Policies, Agricultural Development and Food Production in Africa: The Algerian Experience. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: CODESRIA, 1984. 41 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Finance policy, Agricultural production, Economic development, Public investment, Food production, Agricultural sector. KEYWORDS: modes of production; government intervention. 3699 Boukrami, Sid-Ali. Formes de marché et politique de l'entreprise: le cas de l'Algérie. Algiers, Algeria: Office des Publications Universitaires, 1982. 179 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic theory, Centrally planned economy, Marketing, Commercial sector. KEYWORDS: parallel economy. 3700 Boussoumah, Mohamed. L'Entreprise socialiste en Algérie. Paris: Economica, 1982.682 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic policy, Socialism, Legal system. KEYWORDS: self-management. 3701 Dersa. L'Algérie en débat: luttes et développement. Paris: F. Maspero, 1981. 286 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic dependency, Economic development, Industrial development, Traditional society, Rural development, Economic reform, Labor unrest. 3702 Founou-Tchuigoua, Bernard. "Leçons de l'échec des tentatives de maîtrise du développement agricole sans déconnexion: Algérie et Tanzanie." In: L'Agriculture africaine en crise dans ses rapports avec l'état, l'industrialisation et la paysannerie, edited by Hamid Ait Amara and Bernard Founou-Tchuigoua. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1989. 89-118 pp. tables, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Economic crisis, Agricultural development, Economic analysis, Demographic analysis. Looks at the failure of agricultural development policies implemented after independence through two case studies: Algeria and Tanzania. Examines the two systems in terms of agricultural production and productivity, local consumption and exportation production, rural-urban relations, and disintegration of urban population. 3703 Ghoufi, Abdelhamid. Choix de politique économique et efficacité dans l'allocation des ressources: une analyse globale et semi-globale de l'investissement en Algérie. Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium: CIACO, 1987. 230 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic policy, Development planning, Industrialization, Investment policy, Labor force, Capital accumulation, Construction industry. Suggests that the continuation of both centralization and socialist ideology has reinforced the structures of the state. Examines what the relations are between industrialization and political power in Algeria and how different sectors of the world economy work together in the process of industrial development. 3704 Khader, Bichara. "L'Arabie Saoudite et l'Algérie face à la crise pétrolière de 1986." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 24 (1987): 285302. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Oil industry, Economic crisis, Industrial development, Debt crisis, Energy use. KEYWORDS: Saudi Arabia-Algeria relations; OPEC.

Examines the economic consequences of the collapse of oil prices on different Arab nations and the different strategies of Saudi Arabia and Algeria. 3705 Laksaci, Mohammed. Le Financement monétaire de l'investissement productif: application de l'analyse au cas algérien. Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium: CIACO, 1985. 235 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign investment, Economic development, Fiscal policy, Budget policy, Credit policy, Inflation. 3706 Ollivier, Marc. "L'Economie algérienne vingt ans après 1966: l'indépendance nationale en question." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 24 (1987): 417-457. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign exchange, Public sector, Private sector, Monetary policy, National development. KEYWORDS: exchange rate. States that in 1986 Algeria's external exchange rate was out of balance with the international market. Explores the economic strategies undertaken by the Algerian government to address economic development. Assesses the roles of both the public and private sectors. 3707 Osterkamp, Rigmar. "L'Algérie entre le plan et le marché: points de vue récents sur la politique économique de l'Algérie." Canadian Journal of African Studies!Revue canadienne des études africaines 16, no. 1 (1982): 27-42. SUBJECTS: Market system, National planning policy, Industrialization, Political economy studies, Centralization. KEYWORDS: Algeria Five Year Development Plan 1980-1984. 3708 Roe, Alan, Jayanta Roy, and Jayshree Sengupta. Economic Adjustment in Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, Pakistan, Tunisia, andTurkey. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1989. 81 pp. tables, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Morocco, Tunisia. SUBJECTS: Economic policy, Structural adjustment, Debt crisis, Foreign trade, Industrial policy. A report on the proceedings of a seminar on economic adjustment and a collection of four background papers. Considers the sustainability of adjustment in Africa. Examines policies to correct external imbalances and debt. Reviews the political management of reform, foreign trade, and industrial policy. 3709 Thiery, Simon Pierre. La Crise du système productif algérien. Grenoble, France: Université des Sciences Sociales de Grenoble, 1982. 470 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Industrial production, Economic development, Economic crisis, Public sector, Agricultural development, Capital accumulation. KEYWORDS: industry regulation. 3710 Van Der Steen, Daniel. "Situation économique et industrielle et planification en Algérie—1962-1980." Les Cahiers du CEDAF no. 5/6 (1981): 62-74. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic dependency, Development planning, Commercial sector. SEE ALSO 431, 7507, 15441.

Education

3711 Bekri, Mohammed-Mustapha. Study on the Democratization of Education: Chances of Success at School and Social Origin of Schoolchildren in Algeria. Paris: UNESCO, 1981. 19 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Education system, Democratization, Socioeconomic analysis, Education policy. KEYWORDS: fundamental education policy; preschool education. 3712 Déjeux, Jean. "Situation de l'arabisation en Algérie."

234 • AL G ERI A/Education Géopolitique africaine 1 (February 1988): 99-109. SUBJECTS: Language policy, National identity, Education policy. KEYWORDS: Arabization. Analyzes the national identity of Algeria and the role of its colonial past in its present history. Questions the policy of Arabization and whether it should, in fact, be recognized as reArabization. Looks at national and educational language policy. 3713 Dufeu, Jacques. "Industrie et formation technologique en Algérie." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 217/218 (1984): 63-73. SUBJECTS: Industrial development, Development planning, Technical training, Education policy, Economic reform. KEYWORDS: Collège d'Enseignement Technique.

Foreign Relations

3714 Basu, Anup Ranjan. "National interests and objectives in Algerian foreign policy." Africa Quarterly 21, no. 1 (1981): 39-60. tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, Foreign aid, Foreign trade, Nationalism. KEYWORDS: USSR-Algeria relations; France-Algeria relations; Boumédiene, Houari; Ben Bella, Ahmed. 3715 Brandeil, Inga. Les Rapports franco-algériens depuis 1962: du pétrole et des hommes. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1981. 188 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Labor force, Foreign investment, Foreign trade, Oil industry, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: France-Algeria relations; hydrocarbons. 3716 Lassassi, Assassi. Non-Alignment and Algerian Foreign Policy. Hampshire, UK: Gower, 1988. 234 pp. SUBJECTS: Nonaligned nation, Political ideology, Superpower politics, Colonialism, National liberation movement, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: Evion Agreement 1962; FLN (Front de Libération Nationale). Asserts that Algerians were the founding members of the nonaligned movement. Suggests that political ideology rather than superpower politics explains why the nonaligned movement became prevalent in Algeria. Assesses the impact of the movement on regional politics. 3717 Mortimer, Robert A. "Global economy and African foreign policy: The Algerian model." The African Studies Review 27, no. 1 (March 1984): 1-22. ALSO COVERS: Africa. SUBJECTS: International economic system, Pan-Africanism, Foreign policy, Colonialism, Nationalization, Dependency theory, Liberation movement. KEYWORDS: petrol. 3718 Naylor, Phillip Chiviges. "Effect of the war on French-Algerian relations." African Studies Association Papers 26, no. 100 (December 1983): 1-11. SUBJECTS: International cooperation, Foreign trade, Intervention policy, Self-determination, Economic sanctions. KEYWORDS: France-Algeria relations; Algerian Revolution 1954-1962. SEE ALSO 1221,4794, 7018,10308, 15317, 15318.

General

3719 Abdoun, Rabah. "Le Secteur industriel privé en Algérie." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 25 (1988): 457-475. tables. SUBJECTS: Industrial development, Development planning, Private investment,

Legal system. KEYWORDS: Algeria investment law 1982. Traces the history of private industrial investment in Algeria from independence through 1986. Addresses three periods: 1962 to 1967, which was marked by important investments, 1967 to 1980, which was marked by a rapid increase, and 1980 to 1986, which was marked by conflicting government policies. Examines the 1982 law. 3720 Aktouf, Omar. Algérie: entre l'exil et la curée. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1989. 330 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Biography, Political opposition, Political elite, Political repression, Political analysis. Draws on biographical accounts to address the Algerian political crisis. Presents the varied and successive political phases that led to Algeria's current repressive system. 3721 Allouache, Anissa, André Angsthelm, and Salah Seddik. "Les Rapports de travail saisis par le droit algérien. Contribution à l'étude du discours juridique en Algérie." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 25 (1988): 531-580. SUBJECTS: Labor force, Judicial system. KEYWORDS: GSE (Gestion Socialiste des Enterprises); employer organizations. Discusses the creation of laws and organizations by the Algerian government meant to protect workers from exploitive employers. Scrutinizes the relationship between workers and employers. 3722 Amara, Hamid Ait. "Le Développement autocentré et les relations agriculture-industrie: cas de l'Algérie." In: L'Agriculture africaine en crise dans ses rapports avec l'état, l'industrialisation et la paysannerie, edited by Hamid Ait Amara and Bernard FounouTchuigoua. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1989. 39-70 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Economic development policy, Agricultural development, Industrial development. Discusses the relationship between industrial and agricultural development within the economic development policy of Algeria. Examines the development dynamics that gave primacy to industry in order to better face agricultural development. 3723 Anonymous. L'Algérie brûle. Paris: Champ Libre, 1981.71 pp. SUBJECTS: Political opposition, Insurgency, Political violence, Ideological conflict. KEYWORDS: RTA (Radio-Télévision Algérienne); UNTA (Union Nationale des Travailleurs Africains); Kabyle people. 3724 Balta, Paul, and Claudine Rulleau. L'Algérie des algériens, vingt ans après. Paris: Ouvrières, 1981. 288 pp. biblio, maps. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, State formation, International politics, Development planning, Cultural identity. KEYWORDS: UGTA (Union Générale des Travailleurs Algériens); FLN (Front de Libération Nationale); Arab nationalism; France-Algeria relations. 3725 Barnes, Colin. "Small farmers and environmental risk in Algeria." In: Environmental Issues in African Development Planning, edited by J. A. Seeley and W. M. Adams. Cambridge, UK: African Studies Centre, 1988. 41-58 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Environmental analysis, Smallholder agriculture, Resource distribution, Private sector. KEYWORDS : Algerian Bank for Rural Development. Examines the role of the small-farm sector in Algeria and its response to environmental risk. Describes how that response has often taken the form of a partial abandonment of agricultural production, rather than the adoption of sustainable farming methods. Stresses the need for sustainability in planning. 3726 Belkacem, Mostefaoui. L'Usage des médias en question. Hydra, Algeria: Office des Publications Universitaires, 1982. 347 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Freedom of expression, Mass communication. KEYWORDS: Proclamation on Freedom ofExpression 1976; IVFLN Congress Charter on Press Freedom 1979. 3727 Belkherroubi, Abdelmadjid. La Naissance et la reconnais-

ALGERIA/General

sance De la République algérienne. Algiers, Algeria: SNED, 1982. 176 pp. SUBJECTS: Nation building, Historical analysis, Judicial system, Liberation movement. KEYWORDS: Evion Agreement 1962. 3728 Benamrane, Djilali. "Devenir de l'émigration algérienne en France quelques réflexions sur les déterminants de ce devenir." In: L'émigration magrébine en Europe: exploitation ou coopération? edited by Rachid Amellal and Malik Kessal. Algiers, Algeria: Centre de Recherches en Economie Appliquée, 1981. 486-517 pp. SUBJECTS: Migration policy, Population growth. KEYWORDS: FranceAlgeria relations; repatriation of migrants. 3729 Benkheira, Mohamed Hocine. "Etat et mouvement ouvrier dans l'Algérie indépendante. Approche du mouvement gréviste de 1977." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 21 (1984): 197-207. tables. SUBJECTS: Judicial system, Labor strike, Working class, Public sector. KEYWORDS: UGTA (Union Générale des Travailleurs Algériens); labor relations; Labor Strike 1977. 3730 Bennoune, Mahfoud. The Making of Contemporary Algeria, 1830-1987: Colonial Upheavals and Post-Independence Development. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1988. 323 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Colonialism, Education policy, Urbanization, Industrialization, Socialism, Agricultural development. KEYWORDS: FLN (Front de Libération Nationale); Bendjedid, Chadli; New Economic Policy. Presents an insider's view, interpretation, and perception of the historical events and processes that shaped contemporary Algeria. Analyzes development, underdevelopment, and socioeconomic change during both the colonial and postindependence periods. 3731 Blin, Louis. "Les Noirs dans l'Algérie contemporaine." Politique africaine no. 30 (June 1988): 22-31. SUBJECTS: Geographical analysis, Traditional society, Demographic analysis, Historical analysis, Islamic society, Racial discrimination. KEYWORDS: Maghreb; Arab people. Addresses the discrimination experienced by blacks in Algeria, who constitute a very small minority. States that their cultural specificity expresses itself through the Islamic brotherhood societies to which they belong. 3732 Boukhemis, Kaddour, and Anissa Zeghiche. "An appraisal of rural-urban migration determinants: A case study of Constantine, Algeria." Third World Planning Review 10, no. 1 (February 1988): 27-39. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Rural-urban migration, Urbanization, Population growth, Household analysis, Case study. KEYWORDS: Petite Kabylie Region, Algeria; Constantine, Algeria; Kabyle people. Argues that until 1966, Constantine's disproportionate growth was the result of a massive rural-to-urban migration. States that migration has slowed as a result of Algeria's development policy. Discusses previous migration analyses and notes that Algerian planning has ignored spatial aspects of development. 3733 Boukhemis, Kaddour, and Anissa Zeghiche. "Spatial aspects of population growth and migration in Constantine, Algeria." Third World Planning Review 12, no. 3 (August 1990): 281-300. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Geographical analysis, Population distribution, Rural-urban migration, Urbanization. Depicts the major demographic changes that have occurred in the city of Constantine in the years 1940-1990. Focuses on the rapid expansion of population that has outgrown the capacity of the city to support. States that without external assistance, the city will be unable to cope with the continued growth. 3734 Boukhobza, M'Hamed. "Société nomade et état en Algérie." Politique africaine no. 34 (June 1989): 7-18. SUBJECTS: State

• 235

power, National integration, Pastoralism. KEYWORDS: Maghreb. Analyzes the historical situation of nomads in Algeria since independence. Examines national integration policies and state power over nomads. Claims that the history of Algerian nomads must be linked to the long process of déstructuration of the supports of nomadism. 3735 Bourgeot, André. "Le Lion et la gazelle: états et Touaregs." Politique africaine no. 34 (June 1989): 19-29. ALSO COVERS: Niger, Mali. SUBJECTS: Pastoralism, State power, National integration. KEYWORDS: Tuareg people; Kel Adar people; Kel Air people. Addresses three pastoral Tuareg peoples and their relationships to the states in which they live. Looks at Tuareg political formations and their transformations since colonialism and attempts at integration. 3736 Bouzidi, Abdelmadjid. "Industrialisation et stratégie des besoins sociaux en A l g é r i e . " Africa Development!Afrique et développement 10, no. 4 (1985): 123-142. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Industrialization, Sociological analysis. KEYWORDS: social needs. 3737 Brebner, Philip. "Algeria: The transformation of a settlement system." Third World Planning Review 3, no. 1 (February 1981): 43-56. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Rural development, Decentralization, Economic policy. KEYWORDS: settlement policy. 3738 Brebner, Philip. "Urban planning in Algeria—still to achieve a genuine independence." The Maghreb Review 7, no. 3/4 (May/August 1982): 82-86. tables. SUBJECTS: Development planning, Urban development. KEYWORDS: land acquisition. 3739 Brûle, Jean Claude, and Georges Mutin. "Industrialisation et urbanisation en Algérie." MaghrebMachrekno. 96 (April/June 1982): 41-66. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Industrial development, Urban development, Employment. 3740 Burgat, François. "1000 Villages socialistes agricoles: présentation générale." In: Les Villages socialistes de la révolution agraire algérienne, 1972-1982, edited by François Burgat and Michel Nancy. Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1984. 15-22 pp. SUBJECTS : Social change, Socialist government, Land-use policy, Village development, Agricultural production, Traditional society. 3741 Burgat, François. "Mille 'villages socialistes' pour une 'révolution agraire': ordre juridique, enjeux politiques, impact socioéconomique." In: Les Villages socialistes de la révolution agraire algérienne, 1972-1982, edited by François Burgat and Michel Nancy. Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1984. 67-229 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Property rights, Land-use policy, Agricultural cooperatives, Village development, Political power. KEYWORDS: agrarian revolution. 3742 Chaker, Rachid. "Les Perspectives des flux migratoires: France-Algérie." In: L'Emigration magrébine en Europe: exploitation ou coopération? edited by Rachid Amellal and Malik Kessal. Algiers, Algeria: Centre de Recherches en Economie Appliquée, 1981. 445-460 pp. SUBJECTS: Migration policy, Socioeconomic analysis. KEYWORDS: France-Algeria relations; repatriation of migrants. 3743 Chaker, Salem, and Dahbia Abrous. "De l'Antiquité au musée: berberité ou . . . la dimension innommable." Revue de l'occident musulman et de la Méditerranée no. 48/49 (1988): 173-197. biblio, other docs. SUBJECTS: National identity, Islam, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: Algerian National Charter 1976; Berber people; Ben Bella, Ahmed; Boumédiene, Houari; Bendjedid, Chadli.

236

• ALGE RI A / G e n e r a l

Analyzes the debate surrounding national-identity-building in Algeria since 1962. Looks at Arab-Islamic and Berber challenges to the process.

Looks at events in Algeria during 1985. Includes socioeconomic analysis, a report on national planning, and political approaches. Examines amendments to the national charter.

3744 Cordeiro, Albano. "Emigration algérienne en France crise économique et nouveau modèle migratoire." In: L'Emigration magrébine en Europe: exploitation ou coopération? edited by Rachid Amellal and Malik Kessal. Algiers, Algeria: Centre de Recherches en Economie Appliquée, 1981.70-85 pp. ALSO COVERS : North Africa. SUBJECTS: Migration, Economic crisis, Labor force. KEYWORDS: France-Algeria relations.

3752 Ecrement, M a r c . Indépendance politique et libération économique: un quart de siècle du développement de l'Algérie, 19621985. Grenoble, France: Presses Univérsitaires de Grenoble, 1986. 364 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Economic development, Social development policy, Industrial development, Trade relations, Regional development, Political independence. KEYWORDS: Algerian National Charter 1976. Presents a history of economic and social development in Algeria. Concentrates on the postindependence period from 1962 to 1985. Emphasizes exemplary achievements, contrasts, and contradictions within Algerian development.

3745 Côte, Marc. L'Algérie ou l'espace retourné. Paris: Flammarion, 1988.362 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Geographical analysis, Rural development, Urban development, Colonialism, Agricultural production. KEYWORDS: spatial analysis; core-periphery relations. Traces the use of space in rural and urban development in Algeria during the colonial and postcolonial eras. Suggests that after independence, the new society undertook a development strategy that modified the one pursued under French colonial rule. Examines an "identity crisis" among the Algerian population regarding the use of space throughout the country. 3746 Daoud, Zakya, and Marie-Chantal Cossé. "L'Algérie à l'heure des choix." Maghreb Machrek no. 122 (October/December 1988): 83-99. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Political opposition, Public policy. KEYWORDS: Bendjedid, Chadli; institutional development. Presents six documents, including a personal commentary on the current events leading to the political unrest of October 5-12, 1988. Reveals government attitudes on institutional reforms. Includes economic, population, health and education, and food production charts. 3747 de Villers, Gauthier. "Industrialisation et transferts de technologie en Algérie (1967-1977). Réflexions sur des approches critiques." Les Cahiers du CEDAF no. 5/6 (1981): 75-82. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Technology transfer, Cultural policy, Capitalism. KEYWORDS: Boumédiene, Houari. 3748 De Wenden-Didier, C. Withol. "Les Orientations récentes de la politique française de retour—1980-1981." In: L'Emigration magrébine en Europe: exploitation ou coopération? edited by Rachid Amellal and Malik Kessal. Algiers, Algeria: Centre de Recherches en Economie Appliquée, 1981. 315-329 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Migration, Labor force. KEYWORDS: repatriation of migrants; France-Algeria relations. 3749 Djeflat, Abdelkader. "Incidences socio-économiques de l'électrification rurale en Algérie." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 12, no. 4 (1987): 71-108. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Rural development, Energy use, Socioeconomic analysis. KEYWORDS: rural electrification; hydroelectric energy. Assesses the socioeconomic impact of rural electricity in Algeria. Discusses it as part of larger development schemes such as housing, sanitation, safe drinking water, and road projects. 3750 Djeflat, Abdelkader. "Les Difficultés de l'intégration inter-industrielle en Algérie et la dépendance technologique." Africa DevelopmentlAfrique et développement 10, no. 3 (1985): 137-185. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Government analysis, Industrialization, Technology. 3751 Djeghloul, Abdelkader. "Chronique intérieure: l'Algérie." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 24 (1987): 581-599. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Sociological analysis, Political analysis, National planning policy. KEYWORDS: Algerian National Charter 1976; FLN (Front de Libération Nationale); Kabyle people.

3753 Entelis, John P. Algeria: The Revolution Institutionalized. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1986. 239 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Revolutionary movement, Historical analysis, Traditional society, Economic development, Political development, Development planning. Presents an overview of Algerian society, political culture, and economic development since independence. Analyzes history, politics, and cultural changes in Algeria in order to explore the impact that the Algerian revolution continues to have on the development of the country. 3754 Fontaine, Jacques. Villages kabyles et nouveau réseau urbain en Algérie: le cas de la région de Béjaia. Tours, France: LA 365, Institut de Géographie, 1983.273 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Rural population, Urban development, Historical analysis, Traditional society. KEYWORDS: spatial analysis; Kabyle people; Bejaia Willayaat, Algeria. 3755 Garson, Jean-Pierre. "La Réinsertion productive des émigrés algériens: retour et création d'entreprises." In: L'Emigration magrébine en Europe: exploitation ou coopération? edited by Rachid Amellal and Malik Kessal. Algiers, Algeria: Centre de Recherches en Economie Appliquée, 1981. 518-564 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Migration, Economic crisis, Small business, International cooperation. KEYWORDS: repatriation of migrants; France-Algeria relations. 3756 Gast, Marceau. "L'Ecole nomade au Hoggar: une drôle d'histoire." Revue du monde musulman et de la Méditerranée 57, no. 3 (1990): 98-111. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Formal education, Colonialism, Pastoralism. KEYWORDS: Hoggar, Algeria. Examines the institution of nomadic schools at Hoggar, Algeria, during the colonial period and their continued existence to the present. 3757 Haddab, Mustapha. "Eléments de problématique pour une approche des structures de la perception dominante de l'univers steppique." In: .Méthodes d'approche du monde rural. Algiers, Algeria: Office des Publications Universitaires, 1984. 219-250 pp. SUBJECTS: Cultural policy, Political ideology, Rural development. KEYWORDS: agrarian revolution. 3758 Harrison, Christopher. "French attitudes to empire and the Algerian war." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 82, no. 326 (January 1983): 75-95. tables. ALSO COVERS: North Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Political parties, Warfare, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: France-Algeria relations; Poujadist movement; de Gaulle, Charles; Algerian Revolution 1954-1962. 3759 Hatmi, Mohamed. "Une Approche théorique et pratique de la grève en Algérie: témoignage sur le conflit du complexe de véhicules industriels de Rouiba." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 21 (1984): 155-181. tables. SUBJECTS: Labor strike, Industrial production. KEYWORDS: GSE (Gestion Socialiste des Enterprises); CVI (Complexe de Véhicules Industriels); ATE (Assemblée des Travailleurs de

AL G ERI A / G e n e r a l

l'Entreprises); automobile industry; Rouiba, Algeria. 3760 Heggoy, Alf Andrew. Historical Dictionary of Algeria. Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow, 1981.237 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Political development, Economic development. 3761 Jauffret, Jean-Charles, Henri Baudoin, Jean Roucaud, and Michel Hardy. La Guerre d'Algérie par les documents. Tome premier: l'avertissement 1943-1946. Vincennes, France: Service Historique de l'Armée de Terre, 1990. 550 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Warfare, National liberation movement, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: France-Algeria relations. Provides a historical analysis of the independence war of Algeria against French colonial rule. Examines the causes of Algerian nationalism, the liberation war itself, and the social and political aftermaths of the war. 3762 Kaidi, Omar. Evolution et structure urbaine d'un quartier d'Alger: El Aguiba. Algiers, Algeria: Entreprise Nationale du Libre, 1986. 146 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Economic development, Development planning, Urbanization, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: spatial analysis; Algiers, Algeria; El Aguiba neighborhood, Algeria. Examines the historical and geographical development of the El Aguiba neighborhood of Algeria. Suggests that urbanization continues and that El Aguiba and other parts of the city are rapidly changing. 3763 Kalflèche, Jean-Marc. "Causes et conséquences dissimulées du 'séisme' d'octobre." Géopolitique africaine 11 (April 1989): 5-26. S U B J E C T S : Political crisis, Political opposition, Islam. KEYWORDS: insurrection of 1988; Bendjedid, Chadli; parallel economy. Examines the causes and effects of the Algerian insurrection of 1986. Emphasizes the role of the Bendjedid administration and the military society, the black market economy, reform, normalization policy, and Islamism. 3764 Kenz, Ali El. Le Complex sidérurgique d'El Hadjar: une expérience industrielle en Algérie. Paris: CNRS, 1987. 376 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Industrial development, Class formation, Neocolonialism, Labor force. KEYWORDS: modes of production; steel. Examines the El Hadjar steel plant in Algeria, assessing the effects of industrialization on the local population, economic development, and the state. Explores how technological transfers affect the community around the processing plant. 3765 Khandriche, Mohamed. Développement et réinsertion: l'exemple de Vémigration algérienne. Paris: Publisud, 1982. 402 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Traditional society, Migration pattern, Labor force. KEYWORDS: France-Algeria relations; socioeconomic analysis. 3766 Knauss, Peter R. The Persistence ofPartiarchy: Class, Gender, and Ideology in Twentieth Century Algeria. New York: Praeger, 1987. 176 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Women's studies, Islam, Traditional society, Class analysis. KEYWORDS: Algerian Revolution 1954-1962; Boumédiene, Houari; FLN (Front de Libération Nationale); patriarchy. Asserts that bourgeois Algerian men in the leadership of the FLN set up an ideology that ignored women and sought to base the nation on Islam. Argues that women who fought for a more egalitarian position were considered anti-Islam and antipatriotic. Examines women's role and the prospects for feminism. 3767 Kraus, Jon. 'The political economy of trade union-state relations in radical and populist regimes in Africa." In: Labour and Unions

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in Asia and Africa: Contemporary Issues, edited by Roger Southall. Houndmills, UK: Macmillan, 1988.171-210 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Ethiopia, Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Political economy studies, Trade union, Industrial relations, Political participation. KEYWORDS: Dergue; Nkrumah, Kwame; Rawlings, Jerry J.; Nyerere, Julius K. Examines the impact of internal and external economic and political factors on trade union-state relationships in Algeria, Ethiopia, Tanzania, and Ghana. Assesses trade union power and autonomy and the capacity of workers and unions to participate in the political process and in the organization and management of production. 3768 Mahieddin, Mohammed N. "Dualisme conflictuel et rupture des logiques juridiques en droit algérien." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord23 (1986): 323-333. tables. SUBJECTS: Islamic society, Political culture, Judicial system. KEYWORDS: Sharia law. Examines the conflicts within Algeria's judicial system. States that tradition limits the efforts of legal reforms. 3769 Mahl. "Quelques données sur la crise berbère en Algérie: 'arabisme' et 'berbérisme' manifestations culturelles de lutte d'une classe dominée." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 198/199 (1982): 31-40. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Colonialism, Ethnicity, Political conflict, Racism, Development policy. KEYWORDS: Berber people. 3770 Maran, Rita. Torture: The Role of Ideology in the French-Algerian War. New York: Praeger, 1989. 214 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Ideologies, International law, Human rights, Revolutionary movement, Warfare. KEYWORDS: torture; French-Algerian Revolution 1954-1962; France-Algeria relations; civilizing mission ideology; de Gaulle, Charles. Explores the role of ideology in legitimating the use of torture by France in the Algerian revolutionary war. Analyzes the contradiction between France's civilizing mission and its persistent use of torture throughout the war. 3771 Meynier, Gilbert. "A Propos de la gestion citadine: de la résistance algérienne au fait colonial." In: Enjeux urbains au Maghreb: crises, pouvoirs et mouvements sociaux, edited by Claude Liauzu, Gilbert Meynier, Maria Sgroï-Dufresne, and Pierre Signóles. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1985. 149-173 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Urban politics, Crisis management, Youth issues. 3772 Mortimer, Robert A. "Development and autonomy: The Algerian approach." TransAfrica Forum 4, no. 2 (Winter 1987): 35-48. SUBJECTS: Socialism, Economic development. KEYWORDS: Algerian National Charter 1976. Analyzes the policy and politics of the 1986 charter. Notes that it marked the innovations of Houari Boumédiene and the pragmatism of Chadli Benjedid. Discusses socialism and autonomy in the Algerian context. 3773 Mostefaoui, Belkacem. "Tendances actuelles de l'audiovisuel en Algérie. A propos de brèches dans le monopole de l'état." Revue de l'occident musulman et de la Méditerranée 47 (1988): 53-72. SUBJECTS: Mass media, Public sector, Privatization. KEYWORDS: RTA (Radio-Télévision Algérienne); OREF (Office Riadh El Feth); ANEP (Agence Nationale d'Edition et de Publicité); television. Analyzes the problems of RTA, the Algerian state television monopoly. Focuses on the alternative new wave of private audiovisual enterprises in Algeria. 3774 Nelson, Harold D., ed. Algeria, a Country Study. 4th ed. Washington, DC: US Department of the Army, 1985. 414 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Socioeconomic analysis, Ethnicity, Economic analysis, National security, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: tourism; covert activity; telecommunica-

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tions; FLN (Front de Libération Nationale). 3775 Ourabah, Mahmoud. Industrialisation, emploi et besoins essentiels en Algérie. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1981. 44 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Basic needs, Employment, Industrialization. 3776 Penef, Jean. "Ethique puritaine et libre entreprise: les industriels de la région d'Alger." In: Méthodes d'approche du monde rural. Algiers, Algeria: Office des Publications Universitaires, 1984. 169183 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Industrial development, Free market, Bourgeoisie, Islamic society. KEYWORDS: puritan work ethic; Algiers, Algeria. 3777 Prenant, André. "Le Bâtiment et les travaux publics en Algérie: du secteur refuge à la croissance en marge de l'entreprise publique." In: Actes du Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique: XIX et XX siècles, volume 2, edited by Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique, XIX et XX siècles. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1983. 123-148 pp. SUBJECTS: Public sector, National planning policy, Entrepreneurship, Construction industry. KEYWORDS: public services. 3778 Ramdani, Mohammed, ed. Jean-François Lyotard: la guerre des algériens: écrits 1956-1963. Paris: Galilée, 1989. 285 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Warfare, Nationalist movement, Colonialism, Class analysis, Political analysis, Socioeconomic analysis. KEYWORDS: FLN (Front de Libération Nationale); France-Algeria relations; Lyotard, Jean-François. Analyzes the revolutionary warfare of Algeria from colonialism under France to independence. Examines the political, social, and economic strategies of independent Algeria and its relationship with France. 3779 Ressaissi, Raouf. Settlement, Colonization and Transnational Labor Emigrations in the Maghreb: A Comparative Study of Algeria and Tunisia. Lund, Sweden: Studentlitteratur, 1984. 216 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Tunisia. SUBJECTS: Labor migration, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: international labor migration; settlers. 3780 Romey, Alain. Les Sa'id Ataba de N'Goussa: histoire et état actuel de leur nomadisme. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1983. 202 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Traditional society, Traditional political system, Pastoralism. KEYWORDS: nomadic people; Sa'id' Ataba people; N'Goussa, Algeria; Berber people. 3781 Romey, Alain. "Perception de la culture d'origine chez les enfants des immigrés algériens." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 27 (1990): 151-159. SUBJECTS: Indigenization, Migration, Cultural identity. KEYWORDS: immigration; France-Algeria relations. Examines the attitudes of French children of Algerian immigrants toward Algeria. Presents adjustment difficulties and cultural choices such children will be forced to make in the future. 3782 Rondot, Pierre. "Le Grand Maghreb Arabe: projet et perspectives." L'Afrique et l'Asie modernes 143 (1984/1985): 47-60. ALSO COVERS: Morocco, Tunisia. SUBJECTS: Regional integration, Decolonization, International relations. KEYWORDS: Maghreb; Libya-Tunisia relations; Libya-Algeria relations. 3783 Rouzeik, Fawzi. "Chronique algérienne." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 27 (1990): 575-627. tables. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Economic system, Labor union, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: Bendjedid, Chadli; UGTA (Union Générale des Travailleurs Algériens); current events. Examines economic, social, and political events in Algeria during

1987. Presents major political treaties, arrangements, and trade figures for the year as well as an analysis of internal development and politics. 3784 Said-Amer, Tayeb. Le Développement industriel de l'Algérie: bilan de l'industrialisation. Paris: Anthropos, 399. 1981 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Industrial development, Economic development, Underdevelopment, Foreign investment, Traditional society. 3785 S e m m o u d , B o u z i a n e . " C h a n g e m e n t s p o l i t i q u e s et économiques et croissance urbaine en Algérie. Essai de périodisation." In: Processus d'urbanisation en Afrique, volume 2, edited by Catherine Coquery-Vidrovitch. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1988. 103-111 pp. SUBJECTS: Political change, Economic policy, Urban growth. KEYWORDS: ZHUN (zones d'habitat urbain nouvelles). Analyzes political and economic changes in Algeria and their impact on urban growth. Looks at four periods: 1962-1966, 19671970, 1971-1979, and 1980-1985 and the economic, demographic, and spatial dimensions of change. 3786 Semmoud, Bouziane. "Croissance du secteur industriel privé en Algérie dans ses relations avec le secteur national." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 16, no. 2 (1982): 279-291. SUBJECTS: Private sector, Neocolonialism, Industrial development, Bourgeoisie, Investment policy. 3787 Semmoud, Bouziane. "Croissance du secteur industriel privé en Algérie dans ses relations avec le secteur national." In: Actes du Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique: XIX et XX siècles, volume 2, edited by Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique, XIX et XX siècles. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1983. 149-164 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Industrial development, Private sector, National planning policy. 3788 Sgroi'-Dufresne, Maria. "Alger: un espace de pouvoir en crise." In: Enjeux urbains au Maghreb: crises, pouvoirs et mouvements sociaux, edited by Claude Liauzu, Gilbert Meynier, Maria SgroïDufresne, and Pierre Signoles. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1985.175-203 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Urban politics, Crisis management. KEYWORDS: UGTA (Union Générale des Travailleurs Algériens); GPRA (Gouvernement Provisoire de la République Algérienne). 3789 Stora, Benjamin. "Quand l'Algérie tente de renouer avec son histoire réelle." Géopolitique africaine 11 (April 1989): 27-55. SUBJECTS: Nationalism, Decolonization, Historical analysis, Islam. KEYWORDS: PPA (Parti du Peuple Algérien); MTLD (Mouvement pour le Triomphe des Libertés Démocratiques); FLN (Front de Libération Nationale). Analyzes recent history of Algeria and links it with nationalism and the crisis of 1988. Compares 1988 events with episodes of French colonialism and researches history outside official, idyllic versions. Traces pluralist traditions in Algeria. 3790 Sutton, Keith. "Algeria's socialist villages—a reassessment." The Journal of Modern African Studies 22, no. 2 (June 1984): 223-248. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Socialist development, Village development, Agrarian reform. KEYWORDS: Algerian 1000 villages programme; INEAP; A ARDES (Association Algérienne de la Recherche Démographique, Economique, et Social); LMPAT. 3791 Sutton, Keith. "Growth of Algiers and regional development in Algeria: Contradictory themes." Third World Planning Review 10, no. 2 (May 1988): 129-157. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Regional development, Urban growth, Squatter community, Decentralization. KEYWORDS: regional inequality; Algeria Five-Year Development Plan 1980-1984; Algiers, Algeria. Discusses the unhealthy urban growth in Algiers, which has

AL G ERI A / I n d u s t r y

shaped regional development policies and urban planning. Argues that continued regional disparities attest to the limited impact of regional development plans and the need for a Greater Algiers growth strategy. Recommends resolving the basic contradiction between centralizing and decentralizing government. 3792 Taleb, Abderrahim. "Essai de recension des entreprises dans l'Algérie coloniale." In: Actes du Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique: XIX et XX siècles, volume 1, edited by Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique: XIX et XX siècles. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1983. 503-524 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: C o l o n i a l i s m , E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p , Industrial d e v e l o p m e n t . KEYWORDS: SNAF (Société Nord-Africaine de Constructions Mécaniques et Ferroviaires); industrial organization. 3793 Vatin, Jean-Claude. "Pour une sociologie politique des nouveaux désenchantements." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 21 (1984): 815-839. SUBJECTS: Literature review. KEYWORDS: Mammeri, Mouloud; PAGS (Parti de l'Avant-Garde Socialiste); political literature. 3794 Vidal-Naquet, Pierre. Face à la raison d'état; un historien dans la guerre d'Algérie. Paris: La Découverte, 1989.259 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: National liberation movement, Warfare, Historical analysis, Biography. KEYWORDS: FLN (Front de Libération Nationale); OAS; France-Algeria relations. Draws on personal historical experience to explore the Algerian independence war against French colonialism. Examines the social and political consequences of the war and analyzes the relations between France and Algeria from the time of the colonial war to independence. SEE ALSO 7055, 7062, 7071, 7419, 7554, 7568, 9197, 9206,10314, 10332, 10337, 10355, 10358, 10360, 10370, 10372, 10373, 10375, 14706, 15327,15333,15334, 15337,15339,15342.

Household and Family

3795 Boutefnouchet, Mostefa. La Famille algérienne: évolution et caractéristiques récentes. Algiers, Algeria: Société Nationale d'Edition et de Diffusion, 1982. 316 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Traditional society, Kinship, Rural development, Urbanization, Household analysis. KEYWORDS: Oran, Algeria; Algiers, Algeria; Annaba, Algeria. 3796 Dennouni, Hadjira. "Les Dispositions du code algérien de la famille." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 23 (1986): 711-726. biblio. SUBJECTS: Household analysis, Law, Marriage, Islamic society. KEYWORDS: polygamy; divorce. Discusses the development of family law in Algeria and examines its various factors, including marriage, polygamy, divorce, and the household. States that family law has attempted to bridge traditional Islamic values and Muslim law. 3797 Khodja, Souad. Les Algériennes du quotidien. Algiers, Algeria: Entreprise Nationale du Livre, 1985. 135 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Women's studies, Kinship, Traditional society, Political development, Household analysis. 3798 Sutton, Keith. "Household census data from Algeria: Its content and potentiality." The Maghreb Review 6, no. 3/4 (May/June 1981): 45-48. SUBJECTS: Household analysis. KEYWORDS: Al-

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gerian census 1977.

Industry

3799 Akre, Philip J. "Industrialization in Algeria: The state and the role of U.S. capital, 1970-1980." In: State and Development, edited by Cal Clark and Jonathan Lemco. Leiden, Netherlands: E. J. Brill, 1988. 22-37 pp. SUBJECTS: Industrialization, Industrial development, Foreign capital, Energy industry. KEYWORDS: US-Algeria relations; Algeria Four-Year Plan 1970-1974; Algeria Four-Year Plan 1974-1977. Evaluates Algeria's program of rapid, energy-based industrialization. Examines the impact of that country's reliance on foreign capital, technology, and markets, mainly those of the US. Highlights Algeria's failure to implement its proclaimed program of socialist economic transformation. 3800 Bennoune, Mahfoud. "The industrialization of Algeria: An overview." In: Contemporary North Africa: Issues of Development and Integration, edited by Halim Barakat. London: Croom Helm, 1985.178-213 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Industrialization, Colonialism, Economic analysis, Industrial development, Industrial production, Economic policy. KEYWORDS: SONATRACH (Société National pour le Transfert et la Comm. des Hydrocarbures); Boumédiene, Houari; Algeria Four-Year Plan 1970-1974; Algeria Four-Year Plan 1974-1977. 3801 Boubekeur, Sid. "L'Industrie du bâtiment dans la politique industrielle de l'Algérie." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 25 (1988): 85-92. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Industrial development, Development planning, Housing policy, Industrialization, Technological development. KEYWORDS: CNAT (Centre National d'Etudes et d'Animation de l'Enterprise de Travaux). Suggests that Algeria's housing policy was one of incoherence, which did very little to further the cause of development. 3802 De Villers, G. "Acheter le développement? Le Cas algérien." Politique africaine no. 18 (June 1985): 28-43. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic planning, Industrialization, Technological development, Industrial development. 3803 Elsenhans, Hartmut. "Contradictions in the Algerian development process: The reform of the public sector and the new approach to the private sector in industry." The Maghreb Review 7, no. 3/4 (May/August 1982): 62-72. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Public sector, Industrial development, Industrial decentralization. 3804 Hireche, Assia. Algérie, l'après pétrole: quelles stratégies pour 1995 et 2010. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1989. 436 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Oil industry, Energy industry, Industrial development, Natural resource management, Economic analysis, Energy use. KEYWORDS: OPEC. Examines the industrial development policy and strategies based on oil and energy resource in Algeria. Addresses the consequences of such strategies for demography, urban explosion, skyrocketing deficit, and debt faced by the Algerian economic system after the oil crisis. Looks at alternative economics of gas and oil to face up the problem by the end of the twentieth-century and the beginning of the twentyfirst-century. 3805 Kalflèche, Jean-Marc. "Sahara: Alger perd son atout maître." Géopolitique africaine no. 2 (June 1986): 39-59. tables. ALSO

2 4 0 • AL G ERI A / I n d u s t r y COVERS : Morocco. SUBJECTS : Energy industry, Regional conflict, Agricultural production, Foreign trade, Economic development, Energy use, Military policy. KEYWORDS: FLN (Front de Libération Nationale); OPEC; natural gas. Examines the political and economic dilemmas facing Algeria in the mid-1980s. Assesses the economic condition of Algeria compared with Morocco's. Explores the role that natural gas can play in Algerian and regional development. 3806 Nouschi, André. "Paradoxes et stratégies industrielles: Du B.R.P. à la SONATRACH." In: Actes du Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique: XIX et XX siècles, volume 2, edited by Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique, XIX et XX siècles. Paris: France, 1983. 179-191 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Industrial development, Oil industry, Commercial sector. KEYWORDS: BRP (Bureau de Recherches Pétrolières); SONATRACH (Société National pour le Transfert et la Comm. des Hydrocarbures). 3807 Pauwels, Jean-Pierre. Réflexions sur les nouvelles orientations économiques et énergétiques du Plan Quinquennal (1980-1984) et sur /'organisation de l'économie algérienne. Algiers, Algeria: Enterprise Nationale du Livre, 1983. 73 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign investment, Industrial development, Trade policy, Economic system, Oil industry, Employment, Management. KEYWORDS: natural gas. 3808 Sari, Djilali. "Role social de la consommation de gaz naturel en Algérie." L'Afrique et l'Asie modernes no. 129 (1981): 23-33. tables. SUBJECTS: Consumption pattern, Natural resource management, Energy use, Oil industry. KEYWORDS: natural gas. Examines the social role that natural gas plays in Algeria, which is slated to become one of the greatest producers of natural gas in the West. Examines the importance of financial efforts to increase gas production and reports indigenous investment and consumption levels. 3 809 Tlemcani, Rachid, and William W. Hansen. "Development and the state in post-colonial Algeria." Journal of Asian and African Studies 24, no. 1/2 (January/April 1989): 114-133. SUBJECTS: Government bureaucracy, Industrial development, Oil industry. KEYWORDS: UGTA (Union Générale des Travailleurs Algériens); FLN (Front de Libération Nationale). Examines the role of Algeria's bureaucracy in the country's development. Maintains that the state-controlled oil industry allowed the government to pursue large-scale industrial growth plans, which benefited the bureaucratic elite. Contends that declining oil prices have forced them to change these policies. SEE ALSO 2155, 7086, 10383.

Labor

3810 Adler, Stephen. "Swallows" Children: Emigration and Development in Algeria. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1981. 131 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Labor migration, Labor force. KEYWORDS: immigration; labor control. 3811 Bernard, Chantai. "Les Résistances ouvrières dans l'Algérie en voie d'industrialisation." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 21 (1984): 133-145. tables. SUBJECTS: Resistance movement, Labor unrest, Industrial policy, Labor strike. KEYWORDS: SNS (Société Nationale de Sidérurgie); BTP (Bâtiment et Travaux Publics); GSE (Gestion Socialiste des Enterprises). 3812 Semmoud, Bouziane. "Contribution à l'étude de la structure et

de la formation des collectifs de travail dans l'industrie algérienne." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 21 (1984): 123-132. tables. SUBJECTS: Labor force, Wage policy, Industrial development, Ruralurban migration, Unemployment, Cooperatives. KEYWORDS: wage labor; worker collectives. 3813 Tahon, Marie-Blanche. "L'Emploi des femmes en Algérie." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 16, no. 1 (1982): 43-66. tables. SUBJECTS: Employment, Labor force, Sex discrimination, Women's economic role. KEYWORDS: off-farm income; domestic workers; public services. 3814 Taleb, Abderrahim. "Les Rapports parti-syndicat en Algérie à travers l'application de l'article 120 des statuts du FLN ."Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 21 (1984): 183-196. tables. SUBJECTS: Working class, Labor union, Political parties, Legal system, Labor unrest. KEYWORDS: CNRA (Conseil National de la Révolution Algérienne); UGTA (Union Générale des Travailleurs Algériens); FLN (Front de Libération Nationale); FLN Charter, Article 120.

Legal System

3815 Chalabi, El-Hadi. L'Algérie, l'état et le droit (1979-1988). Paris: Arcantère, 1989. 306 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Law, Constitutional law, State politics, Public policy, Civil rights. KEYWORDS: APN (Assemblée Populaire Nationale). Addresses the relations between the constitutional law sytem and the state in Algeria. Addresses the problems of state intervention in the judicial and legal systems, and information structures. 3816 Lourdjane, Ahmad. Le Droit civil algérien. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1985. 183 pp. SUBJECTS: Law, Legal development, Judicial system. KEYWORDS: family law; civil law; contract law.

Media and Culture

3817 Boutefnouchet, Mostefa. La Culture en Algérie: mythe et réalité. Algiers, Algeria: Société Nationale d'Edition et de Diffusion, 1982.167 pp. SUBJECTS: Traditional society, Cultural identity. 3818 Centre Culturel Algérien, ed. Aspects du changement socioculturel en Algérie: recueil des conférences. Paris: Centre Culturel Algérien, 1987. 164 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Islamic society, Cultural policy, Mass communication, Religion, Mass media. KEYWORDS: film. A series of essays pertaining to social and political development in Algeria during the postcolonial era. Examines the roles that the press, cinema, religion, and political ideology play in Algerian social development. 3819 Chevaldonné, François. La Communication inégale: l'accès aux media dans les campagnes algériennes. Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1981. 222 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Traditional society, Mass communication, Rural development, Regional development, Sex role, Family. KEYWORDS: information systems. 3820 Jemma-Gouzon, Danièle. L'Algérie: à la croisée des temps. Paris: Errance, 1989. 184 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Anthropological analysis, Family, Traditional society, Islam,

ALGERIA/Politics • 241 Women's studies, Ethnicity. Presents a study comparing the past and present condition and role of women within the family structure, the relationship between society and social relations, and the influence of religion on ethnicity and popular culture in Algeria. 3821 Taleb-Bendiab, Abderrahim. "La Politique de la culture en Algérie." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 23 (1986): 57-66. SUBJECTS: Cultural policy, Islamic society, Cultural identity. KEYWORDS: Algerian National Charter 1986; Algerian Revolution 1954-1962. Addresses the complexity of political culture in Algeria. Examines how the principal charters of the Algerian Revolution address the issue of culture. Discusses the roles of Islam and Arabization.

Military Affairs

3822 Gherari, Habib. "Démarcation et bornage des frontières algériennes." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 225/226 (1984): 15-30. ALSO COVERS: Morocco, Tunisia. SUBJECTS: International relations, Colonialism, Regional security, Border conflict. KEYWORDS: border relations; Mali-Algeria relations; Mauritania-Algeria relations. 3823 Hillal Dessouki, Ali E. "Domestic variables in inter-state conflict: A case study of the Sahara." Armed Forces and Society 7, no. 3 (Spring 1981): 409^22. ALSO COVERS: Mauritania, Morocco. SUBJECTS: Regional conflict, Armed forces, Decolonization, Natural resource management. KEYWORDS: UN Decolonization Committee. 3824 Meliani, Habib. "Le Traité de Fraternité et de Concorde de 1983, ou un nouveau droit de la coopération maghrébine." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 24 (1987): 89-99. ALSO COVERS: Tunisia. SUBJECTS: International relations, Regional security, Regional cooperation, Border conflict. KEYWORDS: Traité de Fraternité et de Concorde Algéro-Tunisien de 1983; Pan-Arabism. Discusses the Treaty of Fraternity and Harmony of 1983, which proposed a good neighbor plan whereby border conflicts and other regional problems were evaluated and resolved in a cooperative rather than confrontational manner. 3825 Zartman, I. W. "Military in the politics of succession: Algeria." In: The Military in Africa, edited by John W. Harbeson. New York: Praeger, 1987. 21-45 pp. SUBJECTS: National security, Government analysis, Armed forces, Military policy, Political succession. K E Y W O R D S : B e n j e d i d , Chadli; patron-client relations; Boumédiene, Houari. States that the military is Algeria's primary political institution. Discusses the historical background of the military with an emphasis on the military's role in politics and the second generation of military dominance. SEE ALSO 2464, 15349, 15356, 15357.

Planning and Development

3826 Abdullah Benmatti, Nadir. L'Habitat du Tiers Monde (cas de l'Algérie). Algiers, Algeria: SNED, 1982.275 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Rural-urban migration, Housing policy, Underdevelopment, Urbanization, Demographic analysis.

3827 Blin, Louis. "Algérie et route transsaharienne." The Maghreb Review 12, no. 3/4 (May/August 1987): 105-113. maps. ALSO COVERS: Niger, Mali. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Oil industry, Transportation system, Development policy. KEYWORDS: transport; trans-Saharan route. Explores the history and development of the trans-Saharan routes through Algeria and the roles that Mali and Niger play in those passages. 3828 Bouhaba, Mohamed. "Le Logement et la construction dans la stratégie algérienne de développement." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 25 (1988): 51-65. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Development planning, Housing policy, Construction industry. Traces the history of housing policies in Algeria. Analyzes the place that housing has had in Algerian development specifically during the 1980s. 3829 Committee for Middle East Trade. 1980-84 Algerian Five-Year Plan. London: Commitee for Middle East Trade, 1981. 54 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: National development, Foreign trade, Banking, International finance, Industrial development, Economic planning. KEYWORDS: UK-Algeria relations; Francophone Africa-Algeria trade; Algeria Five-Year Development Plan 1980-1984. 3830 El-Hadjar, Annaba. "Pouvoir, acteurs locaux et habitat." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 25 (1988): 153-164. SUBJECTS: Housing policy, Local development, Labor force, Urban development, Labor market. KEYWORDS: CS (Complexe Sidérurgique); SNS (Société Nationale de Sidérurgie); slums. States that the political economy of Algeria and the emphasis on quality of life have directed development planning since independence. Examines housing policy from the point of view of the labor force involved in housing. Explores the effects of Algeria's housing policy on the labor market. 3831 Ourabah, Mahmoud. Les Transformations économiques de l'Algérie au 20e anniversaire de l'indépendance. Paris: Publisud, 1982. 159 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic planning, Trade policy, Foreign investment, Development planning, Traditional society, Industrial development, Population growth. 3832 Semmoud, Bouziane. "Politique d'habitat et accès au logement en Algérie: l'exemple de l'Oranie." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 25 (1988): 127-139. tables. SUBJECTS: National development, Public investment, Housing policy, Development planning. KEYWORDS: Ouahran Willayaat, Algeria. Examines housing investment to gain an understanding of the evolution of development planning. Explores government strategies in housing development in Algeria and those strategies' political implications.

Politics

3833 Babadji, Ramdane. "La Régime disciplinaire dans le nouveau statut de la fonction publique algérienne." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 41, no. 3 (July/September 1987): 299314. SUBJECTS: Civil service, State power, Government bureaucracy, Judicial system. Examines the new statute of the Algerian civil service, which was enacted in 1985. Explains that the power of the central administration is limited through a system of checks and balances. 3834 Brahim, Brahim. Le Pouvoir, la presse et les intellectuels en Algérie. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1989. 309 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Mass media, State power, Elite analysis, Political ideol-

242

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ogy, Socialism. KEYWORDS: RTA (Radio-Télévision Algérienne); FLN (Front de Libération Nationale); El Moudjahid. Explores the relationship between the political power and the press and intellectuals in independent Algeria. Analyzes the stronghold on freedom of the press and expression by the state power and its political ideology and inefficient bureaucracy. 3835 Burgat, François, and Hubert Michel. "Chroniques intérieures: l'Algérie." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord2\ (1984): 507-556. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Political parties, Political culture, Economic analysis, Labor union. KEYWORDS: APN (Assemblée Populaire Nationale); FLN (Front de Libération Nationale); UGTA (Union Générale des Travailleurs Algériens). 3836 Burgat, François. "L'Etat et l'agriculture en Algérie: vers de nouveaux équilibres." The Maghreb Review 8, no. 3/4 (May/August 1983): 85-90. SUBJECTS: Government analysis, Agricultural production, Agricultural development, Land-use policy, Private sector, State formation, Self-reliance. KEYWORDS: state-agriculture relations. 3837 Burgat, François, and Jean Leca. "La Mobilisation islamiste et les élections algériennes du 12 juin 1990." Maghreb Machrek no. 129 (July/September 1990): 5-22. tables. SUBJECTS: Elections, Political parties, Religious politics, Islam. KEYWORDS: election of 1990; FIS (Front Islamique du Salut); FLN (Front de Libération Nationale). Comments on the first results of recent local elections in Algeria, which witnessed the victory of the FIS. Questions the significance of that victory as a protest vote against recent failures of the FLN or a new feeling of Islamic cultural nationalism in terms of Islam. 3838 Burgat, François. "Les 'Nouveaux paysans' algériens et l'état." Maghreb Machrek no. 95 (January/March 1982): 56-68. tables. SUBJECTS: Local development, Peasant society, Local government, State power. KEYWORDS: FLN (Front de Libération Nationale); Union Nationale des Paysans Algériens; Union Nationale des Femmes Algériennes; state-agriculture relations. 3839 Burgat, François, and Michel Nancy, eds. Les Villages socialistes de la révolution agraire algérienne 1972-1982. Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique , 1984. 288 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Socialist government, Economic development, Rural development, Land reform, Land-use policy, Development planning. 3840 Chaker, Salam. "Les Droits de l'homme sont-ils mûrs en Algérie: réflexions d'un acteur sur la Ligue Algérienne des Droits de l'Homme." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 24 (1987): 489-503. SUBJECTS: Authoritarian government, Human rights, Centralized authority, Authoritarian government. KEYWORDS: UN Commission on Human Rights; UGTA (Union Générale des Travailleurs Algériens); Algerian League of Human Rights. Examines the functions and problems surrounding the Algerian Human Rights League and the influence that it has on national policy. States that the future of the league is unclear, in part because of Algeria's centralized and authoritarian government.

Analyzes the new Algerian constitution, which marks a change in juridical logic, as it abandons socialist dogma and introduces multipartyism. Examines the opening of democracy, the extent to which it may penetrate the political system, and the incertainties of such political experimentation. 3843 Dacy, Elo, ed. L'Actualité de Frantz Fanon: actes du colloque de Brazzaville. Paris: Karthala, 1986. 347 pp. SUBJECTS: Political ideology. KEYWORDS: political literature; revolutionary ideology; Fanon, Frantz. The volume presents a series of essays tracing the history of Franz Fanon's life. Suggests different ways in which Fanon continues to be relevant to political thought, especially in the Third World, twenty-five years after his death. 3844 Duran, Khalid. "The second battle of Algiers." Orbis 33, no. 3 (Summer 1989): 403-421. SUBJECTS: Student protest, Political reform, Repression, Government bureaucracy, Internal conflict, Economic crisis. KEYWORDS: FLN (Front de Libération Nationale); October Revolt 1988; Benjedid, Chadli; Algiers, Algeria. Examines the causes of the October Revolt in Algiers in 1988 and the government's response. States that economic decline, human rights violations, and bureaucratic policies brought the youths out against the government. Analyzes the political reforms that followed the uprising. 3845 Durand, Jean-Pierre. "Les Perspectives du parti du Front de Libération Nationale: deuxième et dernière partie." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 182/183 (1981): 10-27. SUBJECTS: Political parties, Socialist government, Political succession. KEYWORDS: Boumédiene, Houari; Yahiaoui, Mohammed Saleh; FLN (Front de Libération Nationale); FLN Congress 1979. 3846 Durand, Jean-Pierre. "Les Perspectives du parti du Front de Libération Nationale: premiere partie." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 180/181 (1981): 11-29. SUBJECTS: Political parties, Socialist government, Islam. KEYWORDS: Scientific Socialism; Union Nationale des Paysans Algériens; FLN (Front de Libération Nationale). 3847 Fontaine, Jacques. "Les Elections locales algériennes du 12 juin 1990." Maghreb Machrek no. 129 (July/September 1990): 124140. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Elections, Political parties, Local government. KEYWORDS: FIS (Front Islamique du Salut); FLN (Front de Libération Nationale). Comments on and analyzes the first results of the recent local elections in Algeria that witnessed the victory of the FIS. 3848 Hadj-Moussa, Ratiba. Les Femmes algériennes entre l'honneur et la révolution. Quebec, Canada: Université Laval, 1984. 192 pp. SUBJECTS: Political development, Women's studies, Sex role, Political ideology. KEYWORDS: linguistics.

3841 Cubertafond, Bernard. "L'Algérie du Président Chadli." Politique Etrangère 46, no. 1 (1981): 151-162. other docs. SUBJECTS: Leadership analysis, One-party system, Political analysis, Economic analysis, Policy analysis. KEYWORDS: Bendjedid, Chadli; FLN (Front de Libération Nationale).

3849 Indrianala, Hugues. Le Socialisme à l'épreuve du sousdéveloppement: Union Soviétique, Chine, Cuba, Vietnam, Algérie, Tanzanie. Fianarantsoa, Madagascar: Ambozontany, 1981. 80 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Socialism, Communism, Marxism, Socialist revolution, Socioeconomic analysis, Underdevelopment. KEYWORDS: Ujamaa villages, Tanzania; Nyerere, Julius K.; Boumédiene, Houari.

3842 Cubertafond, Bernard. "La Constitution Algérienne du 28 février 1989." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 44, no. 1 (January/March 1990): 39-59. SUBJECTS: Democratization, Constitutional development, Political change. KEYWORDS: FLN (Front de Libération Nationale); Algeria Constitution 1989; multiparty system.

3850 Koroghli, Ammar. Institutions politiques et développement en Algérie. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1988. 232 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Socialist government, Decolonization, Political development, Political ideology, Constitutional development, State formation, Capitalism. KEYWORDS: Algeria Constitution 1976. Focuses on the development of the Algerian Constitution of 1976

ALGERIA/Regionalism/Nationalism

and on political life during the 1960s and 1970s. Suggests that Algeria is forging a path of peripheral state capitalism under the hegemony of a technobureaucratic class. 3851 Laacher, Smain. Algérie: réalités sociales et pouvoir. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1985. 140 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: State formation, Economic development, Political development, Class analysis, Democratization. KEYWORDS: pluralism. 3852 Michel, Hubert. "Chroniques intérieures: Algérie." Annuaire de /' Afrique duNordXi (1986): 793-848. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Elections, Presidential government, Islamic society, Political opposition, Military policy. KEYWORDS: Bendjedid, Chadli; Forces des Armées Maghrébines. Provides an overview of the political situation in Algerian in 1983-1984. Assesses the presidential election; the political relationship between the government, the presidency, and the military; and Algerian economic development policy. Includes a series of statistics pertaining to Algerian development. 3853 Pfeifer, Karen. Agrarian Reform under State Capitalism in Algeria. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1985. 265 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Capitalism, Agrarian reform, Agricultural development, Dependency theory. KEYWORDS: state-agriculture relations. 3854 Redjala, Ramdane. L'Opposition en Algérie depuis 1962. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1988. 210 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Political parties, Political opposition, Decolonization, Marxism-Leninism. KEYWORDS: FLN (Front de Libération Nationale); FFS (Front de Forces Socialistes); PRS (Parti de la Révolution Socialiste). States that during the 1970s and 1980s, Algerian political opposition movements were embattled and nearly disappeared. Suggests that those major political opposition forces remaining do not favor democratic movements but fight for full control. Argues that the opposition, then, does not further democracy. 3855 Roberts, Hugh. "Algerian bureaucracy." Review of African Political Economy 24 (May/August 1982): 39-54. SUBJECTS: Government bureaucracy, Industrialization, Private investment, Religious politics, State intervention, Socialist development. KEYWORDS: state capitalism. 3856 Roberts, Hugh. Algerian Socialism and the Kabyle Question. Norwich, UK: School of Development Studies University of East Anglia, 1981. 383 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Socialism, Capitalism, Class analysis, Class struggle, Ethnicity, Regional development, Government bureaucracy. KEYWORDS: Kabyle people. 3857 Saadi, Noureddine. "Syndicat et relations du travail dans les entreprises publiques en Algérie." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 21 (1984): 95-121. tables. SUBJECTS: Industrial relations, Trade union, Management, Socialism, Government bureaucracy, State-owned enterprise. KEYWORDS: UGTA (Union Générale des Travailleurs Algériens); GSE (Gestion Socialiste des Enterprises); worker selfmanagement; FLN (Front de Libération Nationale); state-labor relations. 3858 Saivetz, Carol R. "Algerian socialism under Ben Bella and Boumédiene: The Soviet assessment." The Maghreb Review 7, no. 3/4 (May/August 1982): 87-93. SUBJECTS: Leadership analysis, Socialist government, Marxism-Leninism. KEYWORDS: USSR-A1geria relations; Ben Bella, Ahmed; Boumédiene, Houari. 3859 Yefsah, Abudlkader. Le Processus de légitimation du pouvoir militaire et la construction de l'état en Algerie. Paris: Anthropos, 1982. 206 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Class struggle, Islamic society, Military government, Military government, Armed forces.

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KEYWORDS: FLN (Front de Libération Nationale); Boumédiene, Houari. 3860 Zartman, I. W. "L'Elite algérienne sous la présidence de Chadli Bendjedid." Maghreb Machrek no. 106 (October/December 1984): 37-53. SUBJECTS: Presidential government, Political succession. KEYWORDS: FLN (Front de Libération Nationale); Bendjedid, Chadli. SEE ALSO 7106, 7650, 7666, 12210, 14735.

Population

3861 Bénissad, M. E. "Démographie et problèmes sociaux en Algérie." The Maghreb Review 7, no. 3/4 (May/August 1982): 73-81. tables. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Population growth, Ethnicity, Economic development, Migration pattern. 3862 Mazouz, Mohammed. "Algérie." In: L'Evaluation des effectifs de la population des pays africains, vol. 2, edited by Groupe de Démographie Africaine. Paris: Groupe de Démographie Africaine, 1984. 1-13 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Population growth. KEYWORDS: census. 3863 Sari, Djilali. "L'Indispensable maîtrise de la croissance démographique en Algetie." Maghreb Machrekno. 129 (July/September 1990): 23-46. tables. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Population growth, Employment, Family planning. KEYWORDS: PMI (Protection Maternelle et Infantile). Examines the high rate of demographic growth in Algeria. Questions how the government will meet needs in terms of housing, food, water, education, and employment. Claims government programs are inadequate and cannot mitigate the absence of the real population policy the situation demands. SEE ALSO 10405.

Private Sector

3864 Peneff, Jean. Industriels algériens. Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1981. 202 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Industrial development, Private sector, Small business, Entrepreneurship. KEYWORDS: Algerian Investment Code, 1963; Algerian Investment Code, 1966; BPI (Bureau de Promotion Industrielle). 3865 Peneff, Jean. "Les Chefs d'entreprise en Algérie." In: Actes du Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique: XIX et XX siècles, volume 2, edited by Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique, XIX et XX siècles. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1983. 571-585 pp. SUBJECTS: Private sector, Socialist economy, Entrepreneurship, State intervention, Small business.

Regionalism/Nationalism

3866 Grimaud, Nicole. La Politique extérieure de l'Algérie. Paris: Karthala, 1984. 366 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic integration, Foreign

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ALGERIA/Regionalism/Nationalism

policy, Decolonization, Regional development. KEYWORDS: France-Algeria relations; US-Algeria relations; USSR-Algeria relations; OAU. 3867 Magrini, Liliana. "Maghreb: Integration attempts and elements of divergence." Politico internazaionale 4, no. 2 (Autumn 1985): 75-87. ALSO COVERS: Tunisia, Morocco. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Conflict, Economic integration, Regional planning policy, Trade policy, Economic cooperation, International relations. KEYWORDS: Treaty of Ifrane 1969. 3868 Stora, Benjamin. Les Sources du nationalisme algérien: parcours idéologiques, origines des acteurs. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1989. 195 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Nationalism, Nationalist movement, Ideologies, Independence movement, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: Hadj, Messali; ENA (Etoile NordeAfricaine); PPA (Parti du Peuple Algérien); MTLD (Mouvement pour le Triomphe des Libertés Démocratiques). Examines the present status of and reasons for Algerian nationalism. Discusses the historical, ideological, and socioeconomic origins of that nationalism, from the uprising against the colonial system during the mid-1950s to the independence era. SEE ALSO 15362.

Religion

3869 Andezian, Sossie. "Expressions traditionnelles de l'Islam algérien contemporain." The Maghreb Review 13, no. 1-2 (1988): 19-31. other docs. SUBJECTS: Islam, Religious politics, Traditional society, Anthropological analysis. Presents the relationship between Islam and the modern Islamic world, especially in Algeria. Examines the sociocultural conditions of the production of the cult of the saints in relation to the marabout phenomenon in Algeria. 3870 Burgat, François. "L'Algerie: de la laïcité islamique à l'islamisme." Maghreb Machrek no. 121 (July/September 1988): 4359. other docs. SUBJECTS: Islam, Political change, Religious politics, Political opposition. KEYWORDS: Ben Bella, Ahmed; Ulema association; FLN (Front de Libération Nationale). Examines Islamic opposition to the current FLN government in Algeria. Discusses the development and manifestations of the Islamic reform movement from both inside and outside the FLN party. Determines which segments of Algerian society are most influenced by the movement. 3871 Merad, Ali. "L'Islam religion de l'état, comme principe constitutionel: réflexions sur le cas algérien." The Maghreb Review 6, no. 1/2 (January/April 1981): 1-9. SUBJECTS: Islamic society, Religious politics, Constitutional development, Religion. 3872 Nadir, Ahmed. "Le Maraboutisme, superstition ou révolution." In: Méthodes d'approche du monde rural. Algiers, Algeria: Office des Publications Universitaires, 1984. 193-218 pp. SUBJECTS: Islam, Religion, Traditional society, Revolutionary movement. KEYWORDS: Islamic elite; Maraboutism. 3873 Roberts, Hugh. "Radical Islamism and the dilemma of Algerian nationalism: The embattled Arians of Algiers." Third World Quarterly 10, no. 2 (April 1988): 556-589. SUBJECTS: Islam, Nationalism, Religious politics, Socialist revolution. KEYWORDS: Sharia law;

Boumédiene, Houari; Algiers, Algeria. Suggests that the development of Islamic radicalism has been part of Algerian life since the early 1970s and especially since the death of President Houari Boumédiene in 1978. Explores the roles that Islamic reformism and Islamic radicalism have played in the political developments of Algeria. 3874 Rouzeik, Fawzi. "L'Islam français vu d'Algérie." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 27 (1990): 139-150. SUBJECTS: Islam, Religious politics, International relations. KEYWORDS: France-Algeria relations. Describes the way French attitudes toward Islam are perceived in Algeria. Examines the positions and policies of Algerian Muslims and their vision for the future of Islam in France. 3875 Sanson, Henri. "Peuple algérien, peuple arabe." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 24 (1987): 75-88. SUBJECTS: Modernization, Islamic society, Religious politics, Traditional society, Nationalism. KEYWORDS: Algerian National Charter 1986; Pan-Arabism; League of Arab States. Addresses the concept of an Arab people in regard to politics, language, and religion. Examines the degree to which Algeria—an Arab country with Arab people—is influenced by the West. Explores the dichotomy between traditionalism, based on Islamic heritage, and modernization, based on European values. 3876 ShaukatAli, Parveen. Status of Women in the Muslim World: A Study in the Feminist Movements in Turkey, Egypt, Iran, Algeria and Pakistan. 2nd ed. Lahore, Pakistan: Aziz, 1986. 345 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Religious politics, Islam, Sex role, Education policy, W o m e n ' s political role, Family, Law. KEYWORDS: Koran; feminism. Analyzes the role of women in Muslim society. Calls the image of Muslim women "misconstrued" and urges Muslim feminist leaders and social scientists to change that oversimplified image. Claims research has yet to uncover many hidden dimensions of the status of women in Muslim society. SEE ALSO 3307, 7679, 10412, 14746.

Rural Development

3877 Anonymous, ed. Méthodes d'approche du monde rural. Algiers, Algeria: Office des Publications Universitaires, 1984. 303 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agrarian reform, Rural development, Agricultural production, Rural population, Socialism, Rural development. 3878 Bisson, Jean. "L'Industrie, la ville, la palmeraie au désert." Maghreb Machrek no. 99 (January/March 1983): 5-29. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Industrial development, Urban development, Migration pattern, Peasant society, Rural population, Agricultural development. KEYWORDS: Sahara Desert; nomadic people. 3879 Chaulet, Claudine. "Les Ruraux algériens et l'état." Revue de l'occident musulman et de la Méditerranée 45 (1987): 67-79. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Peasant society, Agrarian reform. KEYWORDS: CAPCS (Coopératives Agricoles Communales Polyvalentes de Services); peasant-state relations; agrarian revolution. Traces the strengths and complexities of rural Algerian society. Follows changes throughout three periods of postcolonial development.

ALGERI A / W o m e n a n d G e n d e r • 2 4 5 3880 Lesbet, Djaffar. Les 1000 Villages socialistes en Algérie. Algiers, Algeria: Office des Publications Universitaires, 1983. 335 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agrarian reform, Village development, Socialist government, Political development, Rural development. 3881 Nancy,Michel. "Les 1000 Villages: context et mise en oeuvre du projet." In: Les Villages socialistes de la révolution agraire algérienne, 1972-1982,edited by François Burgat and Michel Nancy. Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1984. 23-65 pp. SUBJECTS: Village development, Land-use policy, Colonialism, Socialist government, Traditional society, Agrarian reform, Rural development. 3882 Sutton, Keith. "Socialist villages of Algeria." Third World Planning Review 4, no. 3 (August 1982): 247-264. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Socialist development, Village development, Land reform, Rural planning policy. KEYWORDS: settlements; CAPAM; Algerian 1000 villages programme.

Social Movement

3883 Le Goyet, Pierre. La Guerre d'Algérie. Paris: Perrin, 1989.499 pp. maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Warfare, Colonialism, Liberation movement, Independence movement. KEYWORDS: France-Algeria relations; Ben Bella, Ahmed; de Gaulle, Charles; OAS (Organisation Armée Secrète); FLN (Front de Libération Nationale). Draws on historical accounts to address the Algerian war for independence against France from 1954 to 1962. Discusses the different political phases that led to the liberation movement and examines Franco-Algerian relations during and after the war.

Socioeconomic Analysis

3884 Safir, Nadji. Essais d'analyse sociologique: culture et développement. Vol. 1 of 2. Algiers, Algeria: OPU-ENAL, 1985. 276 pp. SUBJECTS: Sociological analysis, Economic development, Traditional society, Modernization, Political development, Social change. KEYWORDS: North-South relations. 3885 Safir, Nadji. Essais d'analyse sociologique: emploi, industrialisation et développement. Vol. 2 of 2. Algiers, Algeria: OPUENAL, 1985. 372 pp. SUBJECTS: Sociological analysis, Industrial development, Technology transfer, Employment, Development planning, Social change, Labor migration. KEYWORDS: iron.

Algeria's educational system.

Urban Development

3887 Champagne, Patrick. "L'Espace et les groupes." In: Méthodes d'approche du monde rural. Algiers, Algeria: Office des Publications Universitaires, 1984. 55-60 pp. SUBJECTS: Urbanization, Traditional society, Rural development, Village development, Urbanization. KEYWORDS: spatial analysis. 3888 Lesbet, Djaffar. Le Casbah d'Alger: gestion urbaine et vide social. Algiers, Algeria: Office des Publications Universitaires, 1985. 235 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Urban planning policy, Urbanization, Urban development, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: spatial analysis. 3889 Mignon, Jean-Marie, and Dominique Romann. "Deux circuits de l'économie urbaine: Tlemcen, Saida (Algérie)." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 192/193 (1982): 48-62. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Urban politics, Colonialism, Labor market, Industrialization, Urban planning policy. KEYWORDS: Tlemcen, Algeria; Saida, Algeria. 3890 Rahmani, Chérif. La Croissance urbaine en Algérie: coût de i urbanisation et politique foncière. Algiers, Algeria: Office des Publications Universitaires, 1982. 317 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Urban growth, Land-use policy, Migration, Development planning, Demographic analysis, Urbanization. KEYWORDS: PMU (Plan de Modernisation Urbaine). 3891 Sgroie-Dufresne, Maria. Alger 1830-1984: stratégies et enjeux urbains. Paris: Recherche sur les Civilisations, 1986. 252 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Urban growth, Urban development, Colonialism, Centralization, Land-use policy. KEYWORDS: Algiers, Algeria; slums. Examines the development of Algiers and the effect of its growth on Algeria's development process. Traces the history of the city while examining the contradictions of its politics. Addresses its slum neighborhoods. 3892 URBAMA, ed. Citadins, villes, urbanisation dans le monde arabe aujourd' hui: Algérie, Emirats du Golfe, Liban, Maroc, Syrie, Tunisie. Townsmen, cities, urbanization in the Arab world today. Tours, France: URBAMA (Urbanisation du Monde Arabe), 1985.181 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Morocco, Tunisia. SUBJECTS: Arab nations, Urbanization, Urban growth, Informal sector, Industrialization, Urban politics, Urban population. SEE ALSO 3518, 10423.

Technology

Women and Gender

3886 Tefiani, Malika. "Université et nouvelles technologies en Algérie." Genève Afrique/Geneva Africa 28, no. 2 (1990): 112-119. biblio. SUBJECTS: Technological development, Higher education, Education system, Technology transfer. KEYWORDS: pedagogy. Describes the evolution of the Algerian educational system. Examines educational doctrine, student population growth, technology transfer and innovation, and pedagological development in

3893 Abrous, Dahbia. L'Honneur et le travail desfemmes en Algérie. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1989. 312 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Women's studies, Employment, Labor force, Sociological analysis, Sex role. Explores the socioeconomic changes and the relationship between the sexes as the result of the emergence of a new female labor force within the economic and work environments in Algeria. Ex-

246 • ALGERI A/Women and Gender amines the subsequent influence of such changes on family structure and women's status in Algerian society. 3894 Hélie-Lucas, Marie-Aimée. "Les Femmes algériennes rurales dans la politique de développement après l'indépendance." Labour, Capital and Society ¡Travail, capital et société 18, no. 1 (April 1985): 129-152. tables. SUBJECTS: Women and development, Rural population, Development policy, Women's economic role, Socialism, Agricultural labor. 3895 Lippert, Anne. "Algerian women's access to power: 19621985." In: Studies in Power and Class in Africa, edited by Irving

Leonard Markovitz. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1987.209-232 pp. SUBJECTS: Women's political role, Government bureaucracy, Women's rights, Education opportunity, Employment. KEYWORDS: FLN (Front de Libération Nationale); Union Nationale des Femmes Algériennes; family law; El Djazairia; Assemblies of the Communes. Discusses the increasing prominence of Algerian women in state structures. Argues that despite the efforts of Algerian state leaders to forward women's share of the nation-building process, significant advances by women have been minimal. SEE ALSO 12736, 14755.

ANGOLA Agriculture

3896 Birmingham, David. "A question of coffee: Black enterprise in Angola." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 16, no. 2 (1982): 343-346. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Agricultural production, Agricultural development, Civil war. KEYWORDS : indigenous capitalism; coffee. 3897 Schaedler, Karl-Ferdinand. "Education in an urban environment as opposed to life in rural conditions: A problem of urbanization: The case of Luanda and the Ovimbundu." African Studies Association Papers 25, no. 99 (November 1982): 1-23. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Subsistence farming, Rural-urban migration, Education opportunity, Agricultural development, Urbanization. KEYWORDS: casual labor; Luanda, Angola.

extended guerilla wars on the postcolonial political scene. 3900 Pelissier, Rene. "Documentation sur l'Afrique atlantique lusophone." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 237/238 (1985): 157-174. ALSO COVERS: Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau. SUBJECTS: Language policy, Literature review, Decolonization, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: Lusophone Africa. 3901 Willers, David. "The genesis of a revolution: Angola: 1483 to the present." South Africa International 12, no. 1 (July 1981): 303332. SUBJECTS: Decolonization, Civil war, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: PNA (Partido Nacional Africano); MPLA; UNITA. SEE ALSO 7873.

SEE ALSO 5743.

Economics

Class

3902 Bhagavan, M. R. Angola's Political Economy 1975-1985. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1986.89 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic system, Socialist economy, Socialist government, Mixed economy, Political economy studies, Oil industry. KEYWORDS: MPLA; UNITA. States that production and productivity in the industrial and agrarian sectors have been stagnant in Angola since independence due to a lack of trained labor, absence of labor self-discipline, bureaucratic corruption, war, and the political apathy of workers and peasants.

3898 Makidi-Ku-Ntima. "Class struggle and the making of the revolution in Angola." In: Proletarianization and Class Struggle in Africa, edited by Bernard Magubane and Nzongola-Ntalaja. San Francisco: Synthesis, 1983.119-141 pp. SUBJECTS: Social stratification, Colonialism, Class analysis, Agrarian reform, National liberation movement, Class struggle, State power. KEYWORDS: Lusophone Africa.

Colonialism

3899 Henriksen, Thomas H. "Lusophone Africa: Angola, Mozambique, and Guinea-Bissau." In: Politics and Government in African States 1980-1985, edited by Peter Duignan and Robert H. Jackson. London: Croom Helm, 1986. 377-407 pp. ALSO COVERS: Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau. SUBJECTS: Political violence, Decolonization, Colonialism, Guerrilla activity, Political development. KEYWORDS: Lusophone Africa. Examines the Portuguese colonies and the effects of the Portuguese efforts to hold their empire together. Discusses the impact of

3903 Hermele, Kenneth, and Lars Rudebeck. At the Cross-Roads: Political Alliances and Structural Adjustment: Two Essays on Angola, Guinea-Bissau, and Mozambique. Uppsala, Sweden: University of Uppsala, 1989.71 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique. SUBJECTS: Political alliance, Structural adjustment, Economic reform, Capitalist development, Taxation policy, Public health, Education system. KEYWORDS: Kandjadja, Guinea-Bissau. Contains two essays: one provides a model for understanding the process of economic and political reform, the other provides a case study of the implications of structural adjustment for a Guinean village. Reviews political alliances and their role and effect in reform. 3904 Kofi, Tetteh A. "Prospects and problems of the transition from agrarianism to socialism: The case of Angola, Guinea-Bissau and Mozambique." World Development 9, no. 9/10 (September/October 1981): 851-870. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Guinea-Bissau,

ANGOLA/Foreign Relations • 2 4 7

Mozambique. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Socialist economy, Socialism, Colonialism, Revolutionary movement, Political economy studies, Underdevelopment. KEYWORDS: African socialism. 3905 Morice, A. "Commerce parallèle et troc à Luanda." Politique africaine no. 17 (March 1985): 105-120. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Commercial sector, Informal sector, Economic relations, Urban development. KEYWORDS: Luanda, Angola. SEE ALSO 635, 4053, 6113, 7888, 15419.

Foreign Relations

3906 Abegunrin, Olayiwola. "Angola and the Soviet Union." Journal of African Studies 14, no. 1 (Spring 1987): 25-30. tables. SUBJECTS: Diplomatic relations, Trade relations, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: USSR-Angola relations. Analyzes the cultural, diplomatic, and trade relations between Angola and the USSR. Argues that the USSR's interaction with the frontline states is primarily military. 3907 Alexiev, Alex. US Policy in Angola: A Case ofNonconstructive Engagement. Santa Monica, California: Rand Corporation, 1986. 12 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Strategic policy, Intervention policy, Foreign aid policy. KEYWORDS: Savimbi, Jonas Malheiro; UNITA; constructive engagement; Cuba-Angola relations; US-Angola relations. Discusses the failure of US constructive engagement policy. States that the US government must initiate a program of aid to UNITA and give an explicit warning to the Angolan government that in the event of external military intervention, the US will consider stronger actions. 3908 Bender, Gerald. "Kissinger in Angola: Anatomy of failure." In: American Policy in SouthernAfrica: The Stakes and the Stance, edited by Rene Lemarchand. Washington, DC: University Press of America, 1981. 63-143 pp. SUBJECTS: Technical assistance, International relations, Military aid, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: US-Angola relations; CIA; MPLA; UNITA; Kissinger, Henry. 3909 Bender, Gerald J. "American policy toward Angola: A history of linkage." In: African Crisis Areas and U.S. Foreign Policy, edited by Gerald J. Bender, James S. Coleman, and Richard L. Sklar. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, 1985. 110-128 pp. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, International relations. KEYWORDS: Carter, Jimmy; Kennedy, John F.; Nixon, Richard; Reagan, Ronald; US-Angola relations. 3910 Bender, Gerald J. 'The eagle and the bear in Angola." The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 489 (January 1987): 123-132. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations. KEYWORDS: US-Angola relations; USSR-Angola relations; RSA-Angola relations; UNITA; MPLA. Discusses US and USSR's control over their respective Angolan allies, who are increasingly skeptical about the intentions of their superpower patrons. Concludes that only a political solution can end the war. 3911 Bloomfield, Richard J., ed. Regional Conflict and U.S. Policy: Angola and Mozambique. Algonac, Michigan: Reference, 1988. 261 pp. biblio, maps. ALSO COVERS: Mozambique. SUBJECTS: Decolonization, International relations, Hegemony, Democratization,

Regional security, Foreign aid, Political history. KEYWORDS: ANC; UNITA; US-Southem Africa relations; Cuba-Southern Africa relations; RSA-Southem Africa relations. Discusses decolonization, Portugal's role in the modernization of its former colonies, the RSA's destabilization of the region, the USSR's strategy in the region, Cuban aims, the political experience and internal politics of Mozambique and Angola, and US policy. 3912 Bloomfield, Richard J. "U.S. policy: Doctrine versus interests." In: Regional Conflict and U.S. Policy: Angola and Mozambique, edited by Richard J. Bloomfield. Algonac, Michigan: Reference, 1988. 207-228 pp. ALSO COVERS: Mozambique. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, International relations, Regional security. KEYWORDS: UNITA; MPLA; US-Angola relations; US-Mozambique relations; RENAMO (Resistencia Nacional Mogambicana). States that US policy toward Angola and Mozambique does not reflect the differences between the interests of the US in the two countries but is a result of the confusion about what US interests in the region are. Discusses the impact of national security doctrine. 3913 Campbell, Kurt M. "Soviet policy in Southern Africa: Angola and Mozambique." In: Regional Conflict and U.S. Policy: Angola and Mozambique, edited by Richard J. Bloomfield. Algonac, Michigan: Reference, 1988. 89-119 pp. ALSO COVERS: Mozambique. SUBJECTS: International relations. KEYWORDS: USSR-Angola relations; USSR-Mozambique relations; MPLA; UNITA; FRELIMO. Clearly examines the rise and fall of USSR fortunes in Angola and Mozambique during 1978-1988. Examines Moscow's ongoing reassessment of its role and responsibilities in the developing world and what it might mean for the future of Soviet policy in Southern Africa. 3914 El-Khawas, Mohamed. "U.S. intervention in Angola." Africa and the World 1, no. 2 (January 1988): 1-12. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Intervention policy, Military aid, Diplomatic relations. KEYWORDS: MPLA; UNITA; Cuba-Angola relations; constructive engagement. States that US policy toward Angola has been consistently hostile. Argues that the US refused to recognize the MPLA as the legitimate government. Asserts that the US began supplying arms to UNITA and helped the continuation of a policy of destabilization within Angola. Concludes that the future of Angola depends on Cuban support because Angola's survival is based on a continuous struggle against RSA troops. 3915 Grundy, Kenneth W. 'The Angolan puzzle: Intervening actors and complex issues." In: Africa in World Politics: Into the 1990s, edited by Ralph I. Onwuka and Timothy M. Shaw. Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan, 1989. 198-211 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa, Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, International relations. KEYWORDS: regional destabilization; RSA-Angola relations; MPLA; SADF; SWAPO. Examines in some detail the foreign/strategic policy-making process in the RSA as it applies to Angola. 3916 Gunn, Gillian. "The Angolan economy: A history of contradictions." In: Afro-Marxist Regimes: Ideology and Public Policy, edited by Edmond J. Keller and Donald Rothchild. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1987.181-197 pp. SUBJECTS: International economic relations, Marxism-Leninism, Political economy studies, Transnational corporations. KEYWORDS: MPLA; Agostinho Neto, Antonio. Discusses Angola's economic relations with both eastern and western bloc countries. Reviews economic policies of both Neto and Dos Santos, concluding that Angola has shown its willingness to modify political ideology to suit circumstances. 3917 Gupta, Vijay. "Dynamics of Angolan foreign policy." Africa Quarterly 28, no. 1/2 (1988): 8-34. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy,

2 4 8 • ANGOLA/Foreign Relations

International economic system. KEYWORDS: Cuba-Angola relations; Portugal-Angola relations; Zaire-Angola relations; RSA-Angola relations. Traces Angola's foreign policy since the 1950s. Describes the destabilization of the RSA, the integration of Angola into the world economic system, and Angola's invitation to Cuban troops to defend its independence. States that Angola's external relations were not determined by its own desires or principles.

J. Bloomfield. Algonac, Michigan: Reference, 1988. 120-133 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: Cuba-Angola relations; MPLA; Alvor Agreement 1975; Portugal-Angola relations; USSR-Angola relations. Analyzes Cuba's involvement in Angola, Cuba's support for the MPLA, and differences in approach to Angola between Cuba and the USSR. Discusses the role of the US in attempting to manipulate Cuba's foreign policy with Angola.

3918 Herbst, Jeffrey. "The Angola-Namibia Accords: An early assessment." In: Cuban Internationalism in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Sergio Diaz-Briquets. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Duquesne University Press, 1989.144-153 pp. ALSO COVERS: Namibia. SUBJECTS: International relations. KEYWORDS: Namibia-Angola relations; MPLA; UNITA; SWAPO; Cuba-Angola relations. Traces the developments leading to the unexpected signing of the accords after many years of effort. Predicts a stalemate, with the MPLA government weakened by the Cuban withdrawal.

3925 US Congress. House. Committee on Intelligence. Angola: Should the United States Support UNITA? Hearing before the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, House of Representatives, Ninety-ninth Congress, Second Session, March 13,1986. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1986. 60 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Armed conflict, Civil war, Foreign aid policy, Intervention policy. KEYWORDS: US-Angola relations; UNITA; MPLA; SWAPO; Savimbi, Jonas Malheiro. Includes testimony by public and private officials concerning a House resolution that would require public debate before the implementation of US military aid to Angola. Contains testimony of both supporters and opponents of aid.

3919 Makidi-ku-Ntima. "How the U.S. has undermined the revolutionary process in Angola." African Studies Association Papers 25, no. 54 (November 1982): 1-13. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Intervention policy, Marxism-Leninism, Self-determination. KEYWORDS: US-Angola relations; UNITA. 3920 Marcum, John A. "Angola: The present opportunity." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 17, no. 1 (Winter 1988): 15-18. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, Diplomatic relations, Conflict resolution, Superpower politics. KEYWORDS: US-Angola relations; UNITA; MPLA; Cuba-Angola relations; Angolan Civil War 1975-present. Discusses the various actors and their roles in the Angolan civil war. Reviews the interests and policies of Cuba, the US, the USSR, the RSA, the MPLA, and UNITA in the context of encouraging a four-point peace proposal. 3921 McFaul, Michael. "The demise of the world revolutionary process: Soviet-Angolan relations under Gorbachev." Journal of Southern African Studies 16, no. 1 (March 1990): 165-189. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Communism, Foreign aid, Superpower politics. KEYWORDS: USSR-Angola relations; Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich; CPSU (Communist Party of the Soviet Union); MPLA; UNITA. Examines changing USSR-Angolan relations under Gorbachev's "new thinking." Asserts that as the USSR becomes unwilling to support the MPLA's activities, Angola will be forced to move toward closer integration with the West. Maintains that this will force the USSR to reevaluate, and possibly break, diplomatic ties. 3922 Ogunbadejo, Oye. "Non-alignment in Africa's international relations: The case of Angola." The Jerusalem Journal of International Relations 5, no. 2 (1981): 16-41. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations. KEYWORDS: MPLA; UNITA; FNLA (Frente Nacional de Libertaçao de Angola); USSR-Angola relations. 3923 Piame-Ololo, Nono Lutula. "Bipolarisation internationale et l'affaire angolaise: étude rétrospective." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 196/197 (1982): 11-29. ALSO COVERS: Africa, Congo. SUBJECTS: International relations, Superpower politics, Nonaligned nation, Socialism. KEYWORDS: Carter, Jimmy; MPLA; UNITA; USSR-Angola relations; US-Angola relations. 3924 Smith, Wayne S. "The Cuban role in Angola." In: Regional Conflict and U.S. Policy: Angola and Mozambique, edited by Richard

3926 US Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Angola: Intervention or Negotiation. Hearings before the Subcommittee on Africa of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, Ninety-ninth Congress, First Session, October 31-November 12,1985. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1986.200 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Civil war, Intervention policy. KEYWORDS: UNITA; MPLA; US-Angola relations. Gives the testimony of public and private officials from US and international organizations in regard to legislation concerning aid to UNITA. Raises arguments both for and against the legislation. 3927 US Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. Angola: Options for American Foreign Policy. Hearings before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, Ninety-ninth Congress, Second Session, Tuesday, February 18,1986. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1986. 76 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Armed conflict, Civil war, Foreign aid policy, Intervention policy. KEYWORDS: US-Angola relations; UNITA; MPLA; Savimbi, Jonas Malheiro. Contains testimonies by three key representatives of US government, business, and academia concerning the appropriateness of US intervention in Angola. SEE ALSO 1089, 1094, 1155, 1184, 1243, 1244, 1266, 1312, 1438, 1454, 7735, 7737, 7908, 8924, 8986, 10783, 10807, 10855, 10858, 10939, 10961,13400, 13404, 13406,13430, 13444.

General

3928 Birmingham, David. "A question of coffee: Black enterprise in Angola." In: Actes du Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique: XIX et XX siècles, volume 1, edited by Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1983. 123-128 pp. SUBJECTS: Industrial development, Agricultural production, Entrepreneurship. KEYWORDS: coffee. 3929 Brummel, Jürgen. Angola: Development Opportunities and Policy Options in the Southern African Area of Conflict. Bonn, West Germany: Research Institute of Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, 1984. 36 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa, Republic of South Africa.

ANGOLA/General

SUBJECTS: Civil war, Development policy, Intervention policy. KEYWORDS: MPLA; constructive engagement. 3930 Clarence-Smith, W. G. "Les Investissements belges en Angola, 1912-1961." In: Actes du Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique: XIX et XX siècles, volume 1, edited by Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique: XIX et XX siècles. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1983. 423-441 pp. SUBJECTS: Mining, Colonialism, Foreign investment, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: Belgium-Angola relations; diamonds; Société Générale de Belgique. 3931 Dos Santos, Daniel. "Cabinda: The politics of oil in Angola's enclave." In: African Islands and Enclaves, edited by Robin Cohen. Beverly Hills, California: Sage, 1983. 101-117 pp. SUBJECTS: Oil industry, Economic interdependence, Strategic policy, Socialism. KEYWORDS: Cabinda, Angola; UNITA; FNLA (Frente Nacional de Libertaçao de Angola); MPLA. 3932 G a s p a r , Carlos. "Portugal's policies toward Angola and Mozambique since independence." In: Regional Conflict and U.S. Policy: Angola and Mozambique, edited by Richard J. Bloomfield. Algonac, Michigan: Reference, 1988. 40-74 pp. ALSO COVERS: Mozambique. SUBJECTS: Decolonization, Democratization, International relations. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; Portugal-Angola relations; Portugal-Mozambique relations; PCP (Portuguese Communist Party); UNITA. Examines Portugal's inability to control the decolonization process in Angola and Mozambique and the efforts of Portuguese governments to reassert influence in Angola and Mozambique. Assesses Portugal's future prospects to reestablish itself as a significant force in the two countries. 3933 Gowan, Susan Jean, ed. Portuguese-Speaking Africa, 19001979: A Select Bibliography: Volume One: Angola. Vol. 1 of 4. Braamfontein, RSA: South African Institute of International Affairs, 1982.346pp.biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Independence movement, International relations, Economic development. KEYWORDS: Portugal-Angola relations. 3934 Grundy, Kenneth. ' T h e Angolan puzzle: Varied actors and complex issues." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 15 (1987): 35-41. SUBJECTS : Political culture, International relations, Internal conflict. Analyzes the situation in Angola, including Angola's role in international relations, a national analysis of internal politics, and the decision-making process used by those involved in the situation. Discusses the role of internal political parties and nonstate organizations and how they are affected by international actors. 3935 Holness, Marga. "Angola: The struggle continues." In: Destructive Engagement: Southern Africa at War, edited by Phyllis Johnson and David Martin. Harare, Zimbabwe: Zimbabwe Publishing, 1986. 73-109 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Regional security. KEYWORDS: MPLA; FNLA (Frente Nacional de Libertaçao de Angola); OAU; SADF. Offers some historical background to illustrate that Western, particularly US, involvement in Angola dates back to the start of the independence struggle in the early 1960s. Addresses specifically the role and history of the MPLA. Includes a discussion of acts of aggression by the RSA against Angola. 3936 M a r c u m , John. "Angola: Perilous transition to independence." In: Southern Africa: The Continuing Crisis, edited by Gwendolen M. Carter and Patrick O'Meara. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1982. 175-198 pp. SUBJECTS: National liberation movement, Political independence. KEYWORDS: US-Angola relations; FNLA (Frente Nacional de Libertaçao de Angola); MPLA.

• 249

3937 Massa, Françoise. "Pepetela, écrivain entre deux pouvoirs." Les Cahiers du CEDAF no. 1/2/3 (March 1987): 258-268. biblio. SUBJECTS: Arts, Literature review, Political power. KEYWORDS: African literature; Pepetela. Examines the works of Pepetela, who began writing in the 1970s during the most severe period of Angola's war for independence. Emphasizes his position in the middle of the struggle as both author and combatant. 3938 Maxwell, Kenneth. "The legacy of decolonization." In: Regional Conflict and U.S. Policy: Angola and Mozambique, edited by Richard J. Bloomfield. Algonac, Michigan: Reference, 1988.7-39 pp. ALSO COVERS: Mozambique. SUBJECTS: Decolonization, Coup d'état, International relations. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; NATO; UNITA; MPLA. Discusses the local, regional, and international dimensions of Angola and Mozambique and how they are interwoven with those countries' continuing problems. Describes in general how the manner in which decolonization occurred rendered the situation inevitable. 3939 Natsoulas, Theodore. "Race relations in Portuguese Africa: A bibliographic inquiry." Journal of African Studies 8, no. 2 (Summer 1981): 79-84. ALSO COVERS: Mozambique. SUBJECTS: International relations, Race relations, Colonialism, Bibliography. KEYWORDS: slavery; social history. 3940 Nazario, Olga. "Cuba's Angolan operation." In: Cuban Internationalism in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Sergio Diaz-Briquets. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Duquesne University Press, 1989. 102-123 pp. SUBJECTS: Military intervention, International relations. KEYWORDS: Cuba-Angola relations. Examines how and why the Cuban government became involved in the Angolan operation. Reviews the initial intervention and discusses military involvement and efforts to achieve a negotiated political solution. Examines possible consequences for Cuban leadership. 3941 Rothchild, Donald, and Michael Foley. "Ideology and policy in Afro-Marxist regimes: The effort to cope with domestic and international constraints." In: Afro-Marxist Regimes: Ideology and Public Policy, edited by Edmond J. Keller and Donald Rothchild. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1987. 281-321 pp. ALSO COVERS: Mozambique, Ethiopia. SUBJECTS: Marxism-Leninism, International relations. KEYWORDS: domestic policy; African Marxism; ZANU. Considers what the term "Marxist-Leninist" entails in Africa. Reviews closely the policy choices of Angola, Mozambique, Ethiopia, and Zimbabwe and the relationships of those policy choices to domestic and international constraints and to ideological preferences. 3942 Rudby, Christina. "Development forpeace." In: The Peripheral Centre: Swedish Assistance to Africa in Relation to Women, edited by Karin Himmelstrand and Noella Bickham. Stockholm, Sweden: Swedish International Development Authority, 1985.77-87 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign aid, Women and development, Fishing industry, Economic development. 3943 Somerville, Keith. Angola: Politics, Economics and Society. Angola: Frances Pinter, 1986. 207 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Oil industry, Communism. KEYWORDS: MPLA; UNITA. Discusses how efforts by the Angolan government to hold to its Marxist-Leninist ideological position were frustrated by internal and external military conflicts, factionalism, a cadre shortage, and economic relations with the West. 3944 Soremekun, Fola. "Angola." In: The Political Economy of African Foreign Policy: Comparative Analysis, edited by Timothy M. Shaw and Olajide Aluko. Aldershot, UK: Gower, 1984. 25-59 pp.

250

• AN GOL A / G e n e r a l

SUBJECTS: Economic development, Historical analysis, Political parties, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: MPLA; UNITA; Agostinho Neto, Antonio; EEC. 3945 UNIDO. Metallurgical Industries in Angola. New York: UNIDO, 1989. 38 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Raw materials, Natural resource management. KEYWORDS: metal industry; iron; steel. Provides a general review of the metallurgical industries in Angola in the context of their rehabilitation potential. Gives an overview of the existing situation, including the general economic and institutional background, linkages to other sectors, obstacles to increased production, and an outline of available policy options. 3946 US Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. New Reports of Human Rights Violations in the Angolan Civil War: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Africa of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. One hundred first Congress. First session. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1989. 155 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Human rights, Foreign policy, Civil war. KEYWORDS: UNITA; MPLA. Describes the protracted warfare in Angola that has cost thousands of lives and caused untold damage to the people and infrastructure of Angola. Witnesses the call for an end to US aid to UNITA, which is accused of terrorism against civilians. 3947 Young, Tom. "Policies of development in Angola and Mozambique." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 87, no. 347 (April 1988): 165-184. ALSO COVERS: Mozambique. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Development planning, National liberation movement, Marxism-Leninism, Agricultural development. KEYWORDS: MPLA; FRELIMO. Explores the development and the Marxist-Leninist positions of both the MPLA and FRELIMO. Argues that both Angola and Mozambique have undertaken serious socialist policies concerning development, from nationalization to agricultural development planning. SEE ALSO 1730, 1762, 1781, 1877, 1931, 1976, 4805, 4813, 7776, 7935,7947,7955,7979,11037,11088,11113,11191,11464,11547, 13459,13462,13517,13564,15484.

JECTS: Economic analysis, Economic history, Agricultural sector, Foreign trade, Mining, Oil industry, Manufacturing sector. KEYWORDS: MPLA; UNITA; FNLA (Frente Nacional de Libertagao de Angola); US-Angola relations; RSA-Angola relations. Summarizes the political and economic history of Angola since independence. Outlines the current status of all major sectors of Angolan economy and the prospects for future development in those sectors. 3950 UNIDO. Angola: Economic Reconstruction and Rehabilitation. Geneva, Switzerland: UN Industrial Development Organization, 1990. 75 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Industrial development, Industrial sector, Manufacturing sector, Industrial policy. KEYWORDS: UNIDO (UN Industrial Development Organization). A brief overview of the economic and manufacturing sectors of Angola followed by a more detailed review of the structure and development of the Angolan manufacturing sector. Reviews policy measures relevant to industrial development and presents information on the more important government and nongovernment agencies involved in Angolan industrial development. SEE ALSO 2197.

Labor

SEE ALSO 11853.

Migration

SEE ALSO 2392.

Military Affairs Human/Civil Rights

SEE ALSO 8024, 8025, 11677.

3951 Bender, Gerald J. "Angola: Left, right and wrong." Foreign Policy no. 43 (1981): 53-69. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Military aid, Foreign policy, Ideological conflict, Ethnic conflict, Guerrilla activity. KEYWORDS: Savimbi, Jonas Malheiro; CIA; UNITA; USSR-Angola relations.

3948 Bhagavan, M. R. "Angola." In: Energy and Development in Southern Africa: SADCC Country Studies, volume one, edited by Phil O'Keefe and Barry Munslow. Stockholm, Sweden: Beijer Institute, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 1984. 5-63 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Energy use, Urban population, Rural population, Oil industry, Natural resource management, Resource distribution, Energy industry. KEYWORDS: hydroelectric energy.

3952 Brennan, T. O. Uprooted Angolans: From Crisis to Catastrophe. Washington, DC: U.S. Committee for Refugees, 1987. 32 pp. biblio, maps. SUBJECTS: Refugee migration, Armed conflict, Political history, Civil war, National liberation movement. KEYWORDS: UNITA; MPLA; OAU; US Committee for Refugees; FNLA (Frente Nacional de Libertafao de Angola). Examines the Angolan conflict and the resulting movement of large numbers of Angolan civilians to neighboring countries. Summarizes the effects of those population displacements on social and economic well-being and recommends ways to minimize continuing human suffering.

3949 Hodges, Tony. Angola to the 1990s: The Potential for Recovery. London: Economist, 1987. 145 pp. tables, maps. SUB-

3953 Bridgland, Fred. Jonas Savimbi: A Key to Africa. Edinburgh, UK: Mainstream, 1986. 513 pp. biblio, maps. SUBJECTS: Biography,

Industry

A N G OL A / P o l i t ics • 2 5 1

Guerrilla activity, Revolutionary movement, Military intervention, Independence movement. KEYWORDS: Savimbi, Jonas Malheiro; UNIT A; MPLA; FNLA (Frente Nacional de Libertafao de Angola); CIA. Describes the life of Jonas Savimbi from his early years up to his leadership of UNITA in its fight against MPLA government. Makes extensive use of both academic and popular press sources for data. Conveys a very positive picture of Savimbi and concludes by calling for increased Western support for UNITA. 3954 Grundy, Kenneth W. "The social costs of armed struggle in Southern Africa." Armed Forces and Society 7, no. 3 (Spring 1981): 445-446. tables. ALSO COVERS: Mozambique, Namibia. SUBJECTS: Liberation movement, International conflict, Military policy, Population policy, Armed conflict. 3955 Klinghoffer, Arthur Jay. "The Angolan War: A study of regional security." The Jerusalem Journal of International Relations 8, no. 2/3 (1986): 142-159. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa, Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Regional security, International conflict, Ideological conflict. KEYWORDS: MPLA; FNLA (Frente Nacional de Libertajao de Angola); UNITA; Shaba Region, Zaire; Angolan Civil War 1975-present. Addresses the destabilization of the region caused by internal conflict in Angola and the external intervention that followed. Concludes that regional security arrangements will contain future threats to national and regional stability. 3956 McFaul, Michael. "Rethinking the 'Reagan Doctrine' in Angola." International Security 14, no. 3 (Winter 1989/90): 99-135. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, Civil war, Military aid, Communism, Conflict resolution, Superpower politics. KEYWORDS: Reaganomics; US-Angola relations; MPLA; UNITA; Angolan, Cuba-RSA Peace Accord June 22,1989. Provides an overview of US foreign policy toward Angola under the Reagan Doctrine. States that the support for "freedom fighters" was not the cause of the peace accord among Cuba, Angola and the RSA. Maintains that Soviet foreign policy changes and Angola's desire to move closer to the US were more important. 3957 Olivier, B. J. The Strategic Significance of Angola. Pretoria, RSA: Institute for Strategic Studies, University of Pretoria, 1984.107 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Strategic policy, Political history, Power politics, Military intervention. KEYWORDS: MPLA; UNITA; FNLA (Frente Nacional de Liberta§ao de Angola); USSR-Angola relations; US-Angola relations. 3958 Rusk, John D. "Africa rights monitor—warfare and human rights in Angola and Mozambique." Africa Today 34, no. 4 (1987): 33-42. tables. ALSO COVERS: Mozambique. SUBJECTS: International relations, Military intervention, Liberation movement, Military aid, Human rights. KEYWORDS: US-Africa relations; RENAMO (Resistencia Nacional Mo9ambicana); ZANU. Assesses the link between warfare and human rights. Analyzes the role of the US in the internal conflicts of Mozambique and Angola. Concludes that the involvement of third parties in local and regional conflicts prolongs and intensifies them and that the right to peace is a basic necessity for the realization of all human rights. 3959 Windrich, Elaine. "Savimbi in the U.S. media." TransAfrica Foruml, no. 1 (Spring 1990): 3-16. SUBJECTS: Human rights, Civil war, Foreign aid, Armed conflict. KEYWORDS: UNITA; Savimbi, Jonas Malheiro. Examines the allegations of human right abuses by UNITA that

were made by the New York Times and United Church of Christ in 1989. Relates the extensive debate that those allegations triggered in the US and the effect of the debate on American support for Savimbi. 3960 Wolfers, Michael, and Jane Bergerol. Angola in the Frontline. London: Zed, 1983. 238 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Armed conflict, Socialist revolution, Independence movement, Communism, Terrorism, Socialist development. KEYWORDS: RS A-Angola relations; Cuba-Angola relations; FNLA (Frente Nacional de Libertaçao de Angola); UNITA; MPLA. SEE ALSO 2417,2448,2472,4635,8046,8054,9485,12086,12087, 12113, 12157, 13602, 13609, 13614, 13617.

Planning and Development

3961 Mendes, Maria Clara. "Slum housing in Luanda, Angola: Problems and possibilities." In: Slum and Squatter Settlements in Sub-Saharan Africa: Toward a Planning Strategy, edited by R. A. Obudho and Constance C. Mhlanga. New York: Praeger, 1988. 231243 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Urban development, Housing policy, Low-income housing. KEYWORDS: Cuba-Angola relations; Luanda, Angola. Analyzes the Golfe plan, a scheme of the Housing Department of Angola designed to aid in the urbanization of the Golfe area, which was carried out with the assistance of the Cuban government.

Politics

3962 Bender, Gerald J. "Washington's quest for enemies in Angola." In: Regional Conflict and U.S. Policy: Angola and Mozambique, edited by Richard J. Bloomfield. Algonac, Michigan: Reference, 1988. 186-206 pp. SUBJECTS: Marxism-Leninism, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: MPLA; UNITA; Agostinho Neto, Antonio; US-Angola relations. Discusses US tendency to misperceive the realities of Angola. Analyzes US policy toward Angola, concluding that it must begin with the long overdue recognition that the MPLA is not the enemy of the US. 3963 Jaster, Robert S. The 1988 Peace Accords and the Future of South-WesternAfrica. London: Brassey's, 1990. 76 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Namibia, Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Political history, International relations, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: Angolan Peace Accords 1988; Cuba-Angola relations; Namibia-Angola relations; SWAPO; UNITA. Presents a critical analysis of the Angolan and Namibian conflicts and the 1988 peace accords. Analyzes events that made the settlement possible; assesses the strengths and weaknesses of the accords themselves and examines the developments that followed in the wake of the Namibia settlement. 3964 Keller, Edmond J. "Afro-Marxist regimes." In: Afro-Marxist Regimes: Ideology and Public Policy, edited by Edmond J. Keller and Donald Rothchild. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1987.1-21 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Zimbabwe, Mozambique. SUBJECTS: Political analysis, Marxism-Leninism, Populism. KEYWORDS: scientific socialism; African Marxism.

252

• AN G OL A/Poli tics

Traces the origins of African Marxism beginning in Angola in 1975. Identifies African Marxist governments and discusses the theory and practice of scientific socialism.

Regionalism/Nationalism

3965 Khazanov, A. M., translated by Cynthia Carlile, Agostinho Neto. Moscow, USSR: Progress, 1986. 301 pp. SUBJECTS: National liberation movement, Socialism, Marxism-Leninism, Biography. KEYWORDS: Agostinho Neto, Antonio; MPLA. A biography of Antonio Agostinho Neto, which traces his role in the political history of Angola, including that of the MPLA and the national liberation struggle.

3971 Hey wood, Linda M. "UNITA and ethnic nationalism in Angola."TheJournalofModernAfricanStudies21,no. 1 (March 1989): 47-66. SUBJECTS: Nationalism, Ethnic politics, National integration, Political conflict. KEYWORDS: UNITA; MPLA; Ovimbundu people; FNLA (Frente Nacional de Liberta§ao de Angola); Savimbi, Jonas Malheiro. Discusses the conflict between the MPLA and UNITA and its effects on nation-building in the postcolonial Angolan state. Analyzes the way ethnicity has both hindered and helped the process of national integration. Maintains that this conflict will continue to dominate Angola regardless of international politics.

3966 Marcum, John A. "The People's Republic of Angola: A radical vision frustrated." In: Afro-Marxist Regimes: Ideology and Public Policy, edited by Edmond J. Keller and Donald Rothchild. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1987. 67-83 pp. SUBJECTS: MarxismLeninism, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: Agostinho Neto, Antonio; MPLA; scientific socialism; UNITA. Traces the history of the MPLA and its role in securing Angolan independence. Presents the methodology for the education of the proletariat into a Marxist-Leninist system of government. Discusses the opposition to and backing of UNITA. 3967 Ottaway, Marina. "Afrocommunism ten years after: Crippled but alive." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 16,no. 1 (1987): 11-17. ALSO COVERS: Ethiopia, Mozambique. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Marxism-Leninism, Communism. KEYWORDS: MPLA; WPE (Workers' Party of Ethiopia); UNITA; FRELIMO; African communism. A s s e s s e s A f r o c o m m u n i s m ' s f a i l u r e to bring about socioeconomic development, political instability, and national integration. Concludes that this failure does not indicate the demise of Afrocommunism but that the search for radical solutions will continue as long as dismal conditions exist. 3968 Scott, Catherine V. "Socialism and the 'soft state' in Africa: An analysis of Angola and Mozambique." The Journal of Modern African Studies 26, no. 1 (March 1988): 23-36. ALSO COVERS: Mozambique. SUBJECTS: Corruption, Socialism, Personalized leadership. KEYWORDS: institutional development; MPLA; precapitalist society; FRELIMO. Attempts to show that characteristics of the 'soft state' and 'personalist' politics exist in both Angola and Mozambique despite their armed anticolonial struggles for independence and ideological commitments to scientific socialism. Maintains that further research is needed in the areas of institution-building, and the transformation of traditional social relations. 3969 Soremekun, Fola. "'Instant socialism': Angola's approach to development since independence." African Studies Association Papers 25, no. 107 (November 1982): 1-19. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Imperialism, Liberation movement, Marxism-Leninism. KEYWORDS: MPLA; African socialism; UNITA; Agostinho Neto, Antonio. SEE ALSO 2815,2984, 3005,5583,6132,6137,7828,7829,12228, 12334, 13639, 15687.

Population

3970 Da Costa Carvalho, Carlos. "Angola." In: L'Evaluation des effectifs de la population des pays africains, vol. 1, edited by Groupe de Démographie Africaine. Paris: Groupe de Démographie Africaine, 1982. 1-10 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Population growth. KEYWORDS: census.

SEE ALSO 8072, 13658.

Social Movement

3972 Cahen, M. "Autour des indépendances angolaise et mozambicaine." Politique africaine 2, no. 6 (May 1982): 112-143. tables. ALSO COVERS: Mozambique. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Independence movement, Nationalism, Colonialism, Liberation movement. KEYWORDS: MPLA; FRELIMO; FNLA (Frente Nacional de Libertaçao de Angola); UNITA; PAIGC. 3973 Davidson, Basil. "Angola: An end and a beginning." In: Southern Africa: Society, Economy and Liberation, edited by David Wiley and Allen F. Isaacman. East Lansing, Michigan: African Studies Center, Michigan State University, 1981. 103-127 pp. SUBJECTS: Revolutionary movement, National liberation movement. KEYWORDS: MPLA; UNITA; FNLA (Frente Nacional de Libertaçao de Angola). 3974 Katsikas, Suzanne Jolicoeur. The Arc of Socialist Revolutions: Angola to Afghanistan. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Schenkman, 1982. 332 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Ethiopia. SUBJECTS: Socialist revolution, Communism, Independence movement, Political change, Foreign policy, Regional conflict, Military intervention. KEYWORDS: US-Angola relations; CubaAngola relations; FNLA (Frente Nacional de Libertaçao de Angola); UNITA; MPLA. 3975 Lazitch, Branko, Pierre Rigoulot, and Nicholas Rowe, trans. The Battle for Angola: A Set-back for Communism in Africa. London: Better Britain Society, 1988. 70 pp. SUBJECTS: Socialist revolution, Communism, Independence movement, Socialist government, Foreign policy, Military intervention. KEYWORDS: USSR-Angola relations; Cuba-Angola relations; MPLA; UNITA. Analyzes recent setbacks experienced by the MPLA. Describes the transition from a war of independence to a ci vil war between former allies in the independence movement. Discusses the recent involvement of Cuba and the USSR and their failure to prop up the MPLA against new opposition groups. 3976 Soremekun, Fola. Angola: The Road to Independence. Ile-Ife, Nigeria: University of Ife Press, 1983. 252 pp. biblio, other docs. SUBJECTS: Socialist revolution, Independence movement, Political history, International relations. KEYWORDS: Portugal-Angola relations; MPLA; UNITA; OAU; FNLA (Frente Nacional de Libertaçao de Angola). SEE ALSO 8078.

BENIN/Foreign Relations • 253

BENIN Agriculture

3977 Centre International pour l'Elevage en Afrique. Index des documents microfichés au Bénin. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: CIPEA (Centre International pour l'Elevage en Afrique), 1986. 61 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Livestock production, Agricultural production, Commercial agriculture, Bibliography. Lists French documents microfilmed in Benin by the Centre International pour l'Elevage en Afrique. Addresses livestock husbandry, nutrition, and related topics. 3978 Houndjahoue, Michel. "Aide alimentaire étrangère et force de travail au Bénin: Cathwel et du programme alimentaire mondial." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 223/224(1984): 146-151. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Food policy, Food aid, Labor force. KEYWORDS: Cathwel (Catholic Relief Services of the National Catholic Welfare Conference). 3979 Muchnik, Jose. "Division sexuelle du travail et changement technique: l'artisanat alimentaire en République Populaire du Bénin." In: Femmes et politiques alimentaires: actes du séminaire international sur le place des femmes dans l'autosuffisance et les stratégies alimentaires, edited by Jeanne Bisilliat. Paris: ORSTOM, 1985. 573586 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Division of labor, Labor market, Technological development, Food production, Agricultural marketing, Agricultural cooperatives.

Class

3980 Manning, Patrick. "L'Affaire Adjovi: la bourgeoisie foncière naissante au Dahomey, face à 1' administration." In: Actes du Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique : XIX et XX siècles, volume 2, edited by Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique, XIX et X X siècles. Paris: France, 1983. 241-267 pp. SUBJECTS: Bourgeoisie, Capitalist class, Class formation. KEYWORDS: Adjovi, Jean.

in Dahomey, 1640-1960. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1982. 446 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Colonialism, Historical analysis, Capital accumulation. KEYWORDS: Dahomey; Abomey, Benin; CFAO (Compagnie Française de l'Afrique Occidentale); Danhome; France-Benin relations. 3983 Valentin, Hounsa Hounsou. Les Difficultés de trésorerie publique en République Populaire du Bénin. En prélude: la situation géographique du Bénin et la vie politique du Bénin, de 1960 à nos jours. Cotounou, Côte d'Ivoire: Imprimerie Cartographie du CENAP, 1990. 175 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Finance policy, Budget policy, Economic crisis, Public administration, Employment, International economic relations. KEYWORDS: Treasury crisis. Examines the public treasury crisis in Benin. Explores the national political, economic, and social factors that are the origins of the problem as well as the role of international economic relations.

Education

3984 Aguessy, Honorât. "Infrastructure et politique des sciences sociales: cas du Bénin." In: Sciences sociales en Afrique!Social Sciences in Africa, edited by Mbonigaba Mugaruka, Mutanda Ntumba, and Mugaruka Chibanguka. Kinshasa, Zaire: CERDAS, 1982. 43-51 pp. SUBJECTS: Research and development, Models, Education policy. KEYWORDS: social science discipline. 3985 Maïkano, Abdul Aziz. "Un Exemple de coopération contre nature." Peuples noirs; peuples africains 9, no. 49 (January/February 1986): 34-43. SUBJECTS: Education system, Public administration, Education policy, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: Strauss, Franz Josef; West Germany-Benin relations; Hanns-Seidel Foundation; Ecole Nationale d'Administration. Examines the development of a school in Benin: Ecole Nationale d'Administration. Focuses on the relationship between the school and the German foundations that fund the project. SEE ALSO 10747.

SEE ALSO 332.

Environment Economics

3981 Godin, Francine. Benin 1972-1982: la logique de l'état africain. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1986.325 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic policy, Capital accumulation, Economic crisis, Industrial development, Labor force, Agricultural development, Government economic management. KEYWORDS: core-periphery relations; CDR (Comité de Défense de la Révolution). Analyzes the Benin government's economic policies from 1972 to 1982. Explores government intervention to defend its socialist policies. Assesses Benin's attempt to be a government for workers and for business interests—an attempt that hinders consistent and rigorous economic management. 3982 Manning, Patrick. Slavery, Colonialism and Economic

Growth

3986 UNDP, and FAO. Développement des parcs nationaux, Bénin: conclusions et recommendations du projet. Rome, Italy: FAO, 1982. 40 pp. SUBJECTS: Natural resource management. KEYWORDS: game reserves.

Foreign Relations

3987 Codo, Leon C. Le Bénin dans les rapports ouest-africains: stratégie d'insertion, bilatéralisme sous-regional et engagements régionaux. Talence Cédex, France: Centre d'Etude d'Afrique Noire de Bordeaux Domaine Université, 1987. 267 pp. tables, maps. ALSO

254

• BENIN/Foreign Relations

COVERS: Nigeria, Togo. SUBJECTS: International relations, Geopolitics, Foreign policy, Regional integration. KEYWORDS: Francophone Africa; ECOWAS; CEAO; Benin-West Africa relations. Examines B e n i n ' s foreign policy and its relations with ECOWAS, Nigeria, and Togo from 1972 to 1985.

JECTS: Historical analysis, Literature review. KEYWORDS: Ayizo people; social control. Demonstrates emic and functional differentiations of consciously constructed speech among the Ayizo of Benin. Offers hypotheses about the relation of registers of speech to social control. Touches upon the presence of humor within and among those registers.

3988 Houndjahoue, Michel. "Bénin: révolution socialiste et politique étrangère à l'ère de la diplomatie nouvelle." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 225/226 (1984): 31-36. SUBJECTS: International relations, Diplomatie relations, Foreign aid, Socialist government. KEYWORDS: Parti de la Révolution Populaire de Bénin; Benin Ministry of External Affairs.

3994 Gandaho, Pascal. "La Formation des professionnels de l'information documentaire: l'expérience béninoise."A/nç«e contemporaine 151, no. 3 (1989): 217-223. SUBJECTS: Technical training, Mass communication. KEYWORDS: information systems; CEFAP (Centre de Formation Administrative et de Perfectionnement). Looks at the Programme de Formation en Sciences et Techniques de l'Information, including its origins, organization, and difficulties. Addresses information systems policy in Benin and the policy's strengths.

3989 Houndjahoue, Michel. "Le Bénin socialiste et le bon voisinage: 1972-1986." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines no. 253/254 (February/March 1987): 28-41. SUBJECTS: Socialist government, Regional cooperation, Diplomatic relations, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: Kérékou, Mathieu. Examines Benin's postrevolutionary relations and policy considerations with regard to its neighbors. Claims that good relations have been exaggerated and explains policy nuances. States that each country reacted differently to the revolution and describes the political realism that softened the rhetoric of Benin's revolution. SEE ALSO 8936.

General

3990 Allen, Chris. Peoples of Benin: A Bibliography. Edinburgh, Scotland: Center of African Studies, University of Edinburgh, 1986. 31 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Political economy studies, Agricultural development, Foreign policy, Education policy, Legal system, Political history. A general bibliography of works pertaining to Benin from 1972 through the mid-1980s. Subjects include but are not restricted to a variety of political science issues. 3991 Codo, Bellarmin C., and Sylvain C. Anignikin. "Pouvoir colonial et tentatives d'intégration africaines dans le système capitaliste: le cas du Dahomey entre les deux guerres." In: Actes du Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique : XIX et XX siècles, volume 2, edited by Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique, XIX et XX siècles. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1983. 269-286 pp. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Capitalist development, Economic integration, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: Dahomey; indigenous development. 3992 Decalo, Samuel. Historical Dictionary of Benin. 2nd ed. Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow, 1987.349 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Political analysis, Bibliography. A reference guide to the Republic of Benin. Includes a chronology of major political events in Benin from independence through 1985, basic demographic and economic statistics, and an overview of the country. Includes a history of key terms and a bibliography pertaining to Benin. 3993 Elwert, Georg. "History, humor and social control: Genres of oral literature and registers of speech among the Ayizo (Benin)." In: Transition and Continuity of Identity in East Africa and Beyond: In Memoriam David Miller, edited by Elisabeth Linnebuhr. Bayreuth, West Germany: Bayreuth University, 1989. 67-109 pp. tables. SUB-

3995 Holo, Théodore. "Contribution à l'étude des chambres administratives: cas de la Chambre Administrative de la Cour Populaire Centrale du Bénin." In: Les Cours Suprêmes en Afrique: III, la jurisprudence administrative, edited by Gérard Conac and Jean de Gaudusson. Paris: Economica, 1988. 13-30 pp. SUBJECTS: Public administration, Administration, Legal system. KEYWORDS: Chambre Administrative de la Cour Populaire Centrale, Bénin. Analyzes the organization, role, and authority of the Chambre Administrative de la Cour Populaire Centrale du Bénin. Presents this special court as a regulator of tensions between individuals within the government administration and of administrative activity in general. 3996 Igue, John O., and Benoît N'Bessa. "Le Marché de Malanville (Benin)." In: Travaux de géographie urbaine: Zaïre, Côte d'Ivoire, Bénin, edited by P. Usselmann. Paris: Centre d'Etudes de Géographie Tropicale, 1987. 121-140 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Market system, Commercial sector, Agricultural marketing, Urban growth. KEYWORDS: Malanville, Benin. Presents study of Malanville, a small town in northern Benin whose market is of paramount importance as an international commercial center for the states of the Conseil de l'Entente as well as Ghana and Nigeria. Examines the post-1979 transformation into a major marketing center for cloth, agricultural, enamel, kola nut, and secondhand products. 3997 Iroko, Abiola Félix. "Les Forges et Ateliers d'Adjaha: une entreprise béninoise postcoloniale née en France." In: Actes du Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique: XIX et XX siècles, volume 2, edited by Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique, XIX et XX siècles. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1983. 553-557 pp. SUBJECTS: Industrial development, Entrepreneurship. KEYWORDS: Forges et Ateliers d'Adjaha; metal industry. 3998 Iroko, Abiola Félix. "Survivances du troc en République Populaire du Bénin dans le dernier quart du XXe siècle." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 223/224 (1984): 72-108. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Socioeconomic analysis, Traditional society. KEYWORDS: barter system. 3999 Iroko, Félix. "Mouvement des jeunes et prérogatives du Sahudafawa Kpeema dans le royaume du Kilir (Atacora) du XVIIe au XIXe siècle." In: Le Mouvement associatif des jeunes en Afrique noire francophone au XXe siècle, edited by Hélène d'Almeida-Topor and Odile Goerg. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1989. 11-18 pp. biblio, other docs. SUBJECTS: Youth issues, Historical analysis, Colonialism, Traditional society. KEYWORDS: Atacora region, Benin; Kilir Kingdom, Benin.

BENIN/Politics • 2 5 5 Draws on history to present and examine a traditional youth organization in the Nord-Ouest of Benin. Looks at the political, social, and economic structure of the organization. 4000 Lachenmann, Gudrun. "Elements and requirements of primary health care policy—the case of the People's Republic of Benin." In: Health and Development in Africa, edited by Peter Oberender, Hans Jochen Diesfeld, and Wolfgang Gitter. Frankfurt, West Germany: Verlag Peter Lang, 1983.249-269 pp. SUBJECTS: Health care policy, Case study. 4001 Mondjannangni, Alfred C. "Rural-urban migration in the south of the People's Republic of Benin." In: Redistribution of Population in Africa, edited by John I. Clarke and Leszek A. Kosinski. London: Heinemann, 1982. 102-108 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Rural-urban migration, Historical analysis. 4002 Organisation Internationale du Travail. Le Syndrome du diplôme et le chômage des diplômés: le cas du Bénin. Rapport d'une mission technique du PECTA présenté au Sécrétariat Technique Permanent de la CONFEMEN. Vol. 1 of 5. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Bureau International du Travail, 1982.86 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Higher education, Unemployment, Socioeconomic analysis. KEYWORDS: PECTA (Programme des Emplois et des Compétences Techniques pour l'Afrique); CFA (Communauté Financière Africaine); OIT (Organisation Internationale du Travail); PIB (Produit intérieur brut). 4003 Organisation Internationale du Travail. Le Syndrome du diplôme et le chômage des diplômés: reflexions de synthèse. Rapport d'une mission technique du PECTA soumis au Sécrétariat Technique Permanent de la CONFEMEN. Vol. 5 of 5. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Bureau International du Travail, 1982.24 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Côte d'Ivoire, Senegal. SUBJECTS: Higher education, Unemployment, Socioeconomic analysis. KEYWORDS: OFT (Organisation Internationale du Travail); PECTA (Programme des Emplois et des Compétences Techniques pour l'Afrique); BIT (Bureau International du Travail). 4004 U N D P , and FAO. Renforcement de la SONIAH et développement des ressources hydroagricoles, Bénin: rapport intérimaire. Rome, Italy: FAO, 1981. 102 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Water supply. KEYWORDS: Ouémé valley, Benin; Niger River; rice. SEE ALSO 1473, 1528,9068,15569.

Health

4005 Sargent, Carolyn Fishel. "Choosing among parallel health care systems in a Bariba community." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 15, no. 2 (1981): 303-309. SUBJECTS: Public health, Health care system, Traditional medicine. KEYWORDS: Bariba people; midwives. 4006 Sargent, Carolyn Fishel. Maternity, Medicine, and Power: Reproductive Decisions in Urban Benin. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, 1989. 246 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Research methodology, Health care policy, Children, Urban population, Traditional medicine. KEYWORDS: Bariba people; Parakou women; SNAFOR (Société Nationale pour le Développement Forestier). Focuses on the medical beliefs and practices of Bariba women in

the town of Parakou, Benin. Assesses the influence of cultural factors on medical choice. Emphasizes the domain of obstetrical care and the implications of reproduction for Bariba women in their many roles as urban residents, mothers, wives, entrepreneurs, and healing specialists. SEE ALSO 2010.

Industry

SEE ALSO 2152.

Legal System

4007 Viou, Michel. "La Légalité administrative en République Populaire du Bénin." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 38, no. 1 (January 1984): 26-52. SUBJECTS: Legal system, Legal development, Marxism-Leninism, Authoritarian government. KEYWORDS: Kérékou, Mathieu.

Military Affairs

SEE ALSO 2464.

Planning and Development

4008 Lachenmann, Gudrun. "People's Republic of Benin: Difficulties and the path to independent development." In: Poor Countries of Africa: Structural Problems and Development Crisis, edited by the German Development Institute. Berlin, West Germany: German Development Institute, 1982.111-142 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: National development, Development planning, Development financing, Socioeconomic analysis.

Politics

4009 Ayo, S. Bamidele. "Chieftancy institutions in the Republic of Benin since 1974." In: African Traditional Political Thought and Institutions, edited by John A. A. Ayoade and Adigun A. B. Agbaje. Lagos, Nigeria: Centre for Black and African Arts and Civilization, 1989. 153-167 pp. SUBJECTS: Traditional authority, Socialist government. Critiques the position reserved for the traditional chieftancy institutions by the incumbent socialist administration in Benin. Examines areas in which the conflicts between traditional and modern systems could interact to produce positive results.

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4010 Ayo, S. Bamidele. "Traditional rulers and the operation of local administration in the Republic of Benin." In: Local Government and the Traditional Rulers in Nigeria, edited by Oladimeji Aborisade. Ile-Ife, Nigeria: University of Ife Press, 1985. 167-179 pp. SUBJECTS: Traditional authority, Local government.

for political change in Benin.

4011 Ayo, S. Bamidele. "Traditional rulers and the operation of local administration in the Republic of Benin." Verfassung und Recht in Ubersee/Law and Politics in Africa, Asia and Latin America 19, no. 2 (1986): 139-148. SUBJECTS: Administration, Traditional authority, Local government, Political system. Examines the attitudes of successive governments in the Republic of Benin to the institution of traditional rulership, particularly its role in the operation of grassroots administrative machineries. Outlines attempts by various administrations to formally exclude the traditional ruling class.

Population

4012 du Bois de Gaudusson, J. "Chronique des réformes administratives." Année africaine (1981): 79-163. other docs. ALSO COVERS: Zaire, Madagascar. SUBJECTS: Government analysis, Public administration, Local government, Public sector, Oil industry. 4013 Houndjahoue, Michel. "Le Différend américano-béninois: genèse, évolution et fin d'un malentendu, 1976-1983." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 219/220 (1984): 25-31. SUBJECTS: International relations, Socialist government, Marxism-Leninism. KEYWORDS: US-Benin relations; Cathwel (Catholic Relief Services of the National Catholic Welfare Conference); Peace Corps; USAID. 4014 Martin, Michel L. 'The rise and 'Thermidorianization' of radical praetorianism in Benin." In: Military Marxist Regimes in Africa, edited by John Markakis and Michael Waller. London: Frank Cass, 1986. 58-81 pp. SUBJECTS: Military government. KEYWORDS: Kérékou, Mathieu; Benin coup d'état 1972. Discusses the gradual movement toward military rule in Benin. Describes the military rule of President (Major) Mathieu Kérékou that has governed Benin for almost two decades. 4015 Mavoungou, Valentin. "Le Syndicalisme dans les pays d'Afrique à idéologie marxiste-léniniste (à propos du Bénin et du Congo)." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique no. 803 (June/September 1990): 268-298. ALSO COVERS: Congo. SUBJECTS: Labor union, Political ideology, Marxism-Leninism. KEYWORDS: CGT (Confédération Générale du Travail); UGTAN (Union Générale des Travailleurs de l'Afrique Noire); UGTD (Union Générale des Travailleurs du Dahomey). Examines the history and impact of unionism in the MarxistLeninist states of Congo and Benin. Compares these histories to simultaneous labor movements in Africa in terms of the old colonial powers and during colonial administrations. Describes the characteristics of unions and their concepts during the independence period. 4016 Ronen, Dov. Ethnicity, Ideology and the Military in the People's Republic of Benin. Boston, Massachusetts: AfricanAmerican Issues Center, 1984. 21 pp. SUBJECTS: Civilian government, Marxism-Leninism, Political instability, Coup d'état, Military government, Communism. KEYWORDS: Kérékou, Mathieu. 4017 Ronen, Dov. "People's Republic of Benin: The military, Marxist ideology, and the politics of ethnicity." In: The Military in African Politics, edited by John W. Harbeson. New York: Praeger, 1987. 93-122 pp. SUBJECTS: Ethnicity, Marxism, Political instability, Military government. KEYWORDS: Kérékou, Mathieu; Revolutionary Party. Addresses the nature of ethnicity in Benin and how it has affected political stability, why ethnic and regional differences as sources of political instability are barely in evidence after 1972, and the prospects

SEE ALSO 2645, 2672, 2753, 2802, 2867.

4018 Adjahoutonon, Codjo, and Joseph Toviessi. "Benin." In: L'Evaluation des effectifs de la population des pays africains, vol. 2, edited by Groupe de Démographie Africaine. Paris: Groupe de Démographie Africaine, 1984. 15-26 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Population growth. KEYWORDS: census.

Regionalism/Nationalism

4019 Kouadio, François. "L'Adhésion du Bénin à la Communauté E c o n o m i q u e de l ' A f r i q u e de l ' O u e s t et les perspectives d'élargissement de la communauté." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 237/238 (1985): 66-104. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Régional intégration, Régional development. KEYWORDS: CEAO; ECOWAS.

Rural Development

4020 Greuter, Susy. Paysans dans l'impasse: étude de cas dans le sud du Bénin. Bern, Switzerland: Peter Lang, 1984. 205 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Regional development, International economic system, Agricultural development, Village development, Peasant society, Economic reform.

Socioeconomic Analysis

4021 International Labour Organisation and PECTA (Programme des Emplois et des Compétences Techniques pour l'Afrique). Disparités de revenus entre les villes et les campagnes au Bénin. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: International Labour Organisation, 1982. 46 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Income distribution, Income inequality, Urban poverty, Rural poverty.

Urban Development

4022 D'Almeida Topor, H. "Evolution des Investissements au Bénin: les cas de Porto-Novo et de Cotonou (1930-1985)." In: Les Investissements publics dans les villes africaines (1930-1980): habitat et transports, edited by Sophie Dulucq and Odile Goerg. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1989. 59-70. pp. tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Urban development, Urban population, Public investment, Local planning policy, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: FIDES (Fonds d'-

BOTSWANA/Agriculture

Investissement pour le Développement Economique et Social); FAC (Fonds d'Aide et de Coopération). Addresses the investment policy undertaken for urban development of Porto-Novo and Cotonou, Benin. Examines the financing and planning policies for the various sectors subsidized from the colonial period to the postindependence era. 4023 Lachaud, Jean-Pierre. Urbanisation du secteur informel et de l'emploi: les activités informelles et l'emploi au Benin: analyse et stratégie de développement. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1987. 129 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Urbanization, Informal sector, Employment, Economic development, Urban development, Judicial system, Monetary policy. KEYWORDS: market women. Examines Benin's attempts to incorporate the informal sector into economic development strategies. Looks at institutional, judicial, and fiscal structures and their relation to the parallel economy. Asses-

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ses government intervention in the development of the informal sector.

Women and Gender

4024 Midiohouan, Thecla. "La F e m m e dans la vie politique, économique et sociale en République Populaire du Bénin." Présence africaine 141 (1987): 59-70. SUBJECTS: Women and development, W o m e n ' s studies, W o m e n ' s rights, Legal development, Rural development, Education policy. Assesses the role that women play in Benin's national development. Examines the conditions needed in order for women to gain greater access to development policies in Benin.

BOTSWANA Agriculture

4025 Colclough, Christopher, and Peter Fallon. "Rural poverty in Botswana: Dimensions, causes and constraints." In: Agrarian Policies and Rural Poverty in Africa, edited by Dharam Ghai and Samir Radwan. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1983. 129-154 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Cash crop production, Income distribution, Household economy, Employment, Livestock production. KEYWORDS: rural inequality. 4026 Fortmann, Louise, and Emery Roe. "Settlement on tap: The role of water in permanent settlement at the lands." In: Settlement in Botswana, edited by R. Renée Hitchcock and Mary R. Smith. Marshalltown, RSA: Heinemann, 1982. 306-318 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Land tenure system, Land distribution, Water supply, Livestock production. KEYWORDS: Arable Lands Development Programme. 4027 Frimpong, Kwame. "The administration of tribal lands in Botswana." Journal of African Law 30, no. 1 (Spring 1986): 51-74. other docs. SUBJECTS: Land tenure system, Land distribution. KEYWORDS: Tribal Land Act 1968. Examines Botswana's Tribal Land Act 1968, which was passed in an attempt to alter the traditional land tenure system in tribal areas. Claims that the traditional system lacked the driving force to generate economic or social change and that no lending institutions were willing to provide capital in such areas. 4028 Harvey, Charles, ed. Papers on the Economy of Botswana. London: Heinemann, 1981. 276 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Agricultural sector, Foreign investment, Industrial sector, Foreign trade, Livestock production. 4029 Hitchcock, Robert K. "Water, land and livestock: The evolution of tenure and administration patterns in the grazing areas of Botswana." In: The Evolution of Modern Botswana, edited by Louis A. Picard. London: Rex Collings, 1985. 84-121 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Livestock production, Land tenure system, Traditional legal system, Traditional political system, Cooperatives. KEYWORDS: Tswana people; Tribal Grazing Land Policy. 4030 Holm, John, and Mark Cohen. "Enhancing equity in the midst of drought: The Botswana approach." Journal of Social Development

in Africa 3, no. 1 (1988): 31-38. SUBJECTS: Drought, Social welfare system, Food aid. KEYWORDS: Botswana Drought Relief Program 1979-1980. Examines how a veritable welfare state has emerged in Botswana from one of the country's worst droughts and why the exceptional Botswana Drought Relief Program came about. Examines indigenous food assistance financing, aid distribution, and government attempts to foster drought recovery. 4031 Holm, John D., and Richard G. Morgan. "Coping with drought in Botswana." The Journal of Modern African Studies 23, no. 3 (September 1985): 463-482. tables. ALSO COVERS: Mozambique, Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Drought, Civil rights, Agricultural production, Food scarcity, Government economic management. KEYWORDS: BDP (Botswana Democratic Party). 4032 Hudson, Derek J. "The taxation of income from cattle farming." In: Papers on the Economy of Botswana, edited by Charles Harvey. London: Heinemann, 1981. 66-83 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Taxation policy, Agricultural sector, Agricultural production, Government expenditure, Livestock production. 4033 International Livestock Center for Africa. Index to Livestock Literature Microfiched in Botswana. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Documentation Services, International Livestock Center for Africa, 1985. 145 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Agricultural development, Livestock production, Development policy, Economic development, Farming system, Land-use policy. KEYWORDS: afforestation; cropping system; Okavango Delta, Botswana. 4034 Joint ECA/FAO Agricultural Division. An Assessment of the Organization and Function of Agricultural Support Services in Botswana vis-á-vis the Needs and Problems of Small-Scale Farmers. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Joint ECA/FAO Agricultural Division, 1985. 31 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural research, Agricultural c o o p e r a t i v e s , T e c h n o l o g y transfer, Agricultural m a r k e t i n g , Smallholder agriculture. KEYWORDS: ECA; FAO; veterinary services; Botswana Agricultural Marketing Board; agricultural credit. 4035 Jones, David. ' T h e implications of agricultural development planning for rural settlement." In: Settlement in Botswana, edited by R. Renée Hitchcock and Mary R. Smith. Marshalltown, RSA: Heinemann, 1982. 319-324 pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Agrarian economy, Traditional society, Rural planning policy. KEYWORDS: Ngamiland District, Botswana; Chobe, Botswana;

258 •

BOTSWANA/Agriculture

Botswana national development plans. 4036 Lucas, Robert E. B. The Distribution and Efficiency of Crop Production in Tribal Areas in Botswana. Boston, Massachusetts: African Studies Center, Boston University, 1981. 52 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Land tenure system, Agricultural sector, Household economy, Livestock production, Food production, Cash crop production. KEYWORDS: Barolong people; femaleheaded households. 4037 Molutsi, Patrick P. "State, environment and peasant consciousness in Botswana." Review of African Political Economy 42 (1988): 40-47. SUBJECTS: Commercial agriculture, Land tenure system, Environmental degradation, Bourgeoisie, Unemployment, Income inequality. KEYWORDS: Tribal Grazing Land Policy 1975; agricultural underproduction. Concludes that Botswana has not yet seriously addressed its environmental problems, claiming that instead, its capitalist policies have sharpened rural class distinctions, worsened grazing conditions, and increased soil erosion, the frequency of drought, famine, and mass poverty. 4038 Morapedi, N. T. "Pastoralism and land reform in rural Botswana." Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies 3, no. 1 (May 1983): 95-103. SUBJECTS: Land reform, Land-use policy, Land tenure system, Pastoralism. KEYWORDS: First Livestock Development Project. 4039 Morgan, Richard. "Case studies of famine prevention: Botswana." In: Preventing Famine: Policies and Prospects for Africa, edited by Donald Curtis, Michael Hubbard, and Andrew Shepherd. London: Routledge, 1988. 111-120 pp. SUBJECTS: Famine, Drought, Government analysis. KEYWORDS: floods. Examines countries that suffered droughts or floods as severe as those in Ethiopia or Sudan but that escaped famine through the prompt and effective action taken by their governments. Claims that political stability, well-supported relief administrations, early warning systems, and targeted interventions are essential. 4040 Wilmsen, Edwin N. "The impact of land tenure policies on the future of the San." In: The Future of Former Foragers in Australia and Southern Africa, edited by Carmel Schrire and Robert Gordon. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Cultural Survival, 1985. 93-98 pp. SUBJECTS: Livestock production, Economic analysis, Traditional society, Land tenure system. KEYWORDS: Tribal Grazing Land Policy; San people. 4041 Wily, Liz. The TGLP and Hunter-Gatherers: A Case Study in Land Politics. Gaborone, Botswana: University College of Botswana, 1981.102 pp. SUBJECTS: Land tenure system, Livestock production. KEYWORDS: Tribal Grazing Land Policy; San people. SEE ALSO 48, 8254, 10508, 13329, 13342, 14116.

Class

4042 Holm, John D. "State, social classes and rural development in Botswana." In: The Evolution of Modern Botswana, edited by Louis A. Picard. London: Rex Collings, 1985. 155-175 pp. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Social stratification, Class analysis, Bourgeoisie. KEYWORDS: Tribal Grazing Land Policy. 4043 Holm, John D. 'The state, social class and rural development in Botswana." In: The Evolution of Modern Botswana, edited by Louis A. Picard. London: Rex Collings, 1985. 157-175 pp. SUBJECTS:

Rural development, Class analysis, Ruling class. KEYWORDS: Tribal Grazing Land Policy. 4044 Parson, Jack. "Toward a political economy of post-colonial societies: State and society in contemporary Botswana." African Studies Association Papers 25, no. 86 (November 1982): 1-34. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Marxism, Class struggle, Agricultural production, Bourgeoisie, Industrial sector, Self-reliance. KEYWORDS: modes of production. 4045 Parsons, Q. N. "The evolution of modern Botswana: Historical revisions." In: The Evolution of Modern Botswana, edited by Louis A. Picard. London: Rex Collings, 1985. 26-39 pp. ALSO COVERS: Zimbabwe, Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Class analysis, Migration pattern, Underdevelopment, Class conflict, Political history, Capital accumulation. KEYWORDS: Bechuanaland; missionaries.

Colonialism

4046 Picard, Louis A. The Politics of Development in Botswana: A Model for Success? Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1987.298 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Traditional society, Rural development, Economic policy, Colonialism, Indirect rule, Neocolonialism. KEYWORDS: Accelerated Rural Development Programme; Tribal Grazing Land Policy; Village Area Development Programme; Arable Lands Development Programme. Analyzes the politics of development in Botswana by examining the state and society, British colonial policy, and postindependent Botswana. Investigates local government institutions, the multistate party system, and changing rural development priorities.

Economics

4047 Ablo, E. Y. "Domestic policy responses to economic imbalances: The case of Botswana." In: Development Options for Africa in the 1980s and Beyond, edited by P. Ndegwa, L. P. Mureithi, and R. H. Green. Nairobi, Kenya: Oxford University Press, 1985. 120-131 pp. SUBJECTS: Development planning, Economic development, Development policy, Economic policy, Economic growth policy. KEYWORDS: diamonds. 4048 Baffoe, Frank. Incipient Indigenization: The Southern Africa Case withReference to Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland. Kwaluseni, Swaziland: Department of Economics, University College of Swaziland, 1981. 45 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Lesotho, Swaziland. SUBJECTS: Underdevelopment, Economic development, Economic interdependence, Labor force, Indigenization, Economic nationalism. 4049 Bruce, John W. "Residential land tenure and housing development in the major villages of Botswana." African Urban Quarterly 3, no. 1/2 (January/May 1988): 100-111. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Development policy, Traditional society, Housing policy, Land tenure system, Credit policy. KEYWORDS: Tribal Land Act 1968. Examines Botswana's recent experiences in residential land allocation, housing development, and the use of land as loan collateral. Concludes that although the policy might help the average villager gain better access to credit, it might not directly contribute

BOTSWANA/Economics to an increase in the supply of improved housing in the villages. 4050 Crownie, David S. "Botswana and the SADCC: Expanding external options through regional cooperation." African Studies Association Papers 27, no. 19 (October 1984): 1-25. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic development, Economic dependency, Industrial development, Agricultural development, Energy industry, Mass communication. KEYWORDS: SADCC; railway transportation; food security. 4051 Faaland, Just. Notes on Development Potentials, Prospects and Policies in Botswana. Bergen, Norway: DERAP (Development Research and Action Programme), 1982. 53 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Livestock production, Economic development policy, Modernization. KEYWORDS: minerals. 4052 Fidzani, Novice Happy. "An investigation of policy implications of a Polak model on Botswana's monetary and balance of payment system." Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies 4, no. 1 (May 1984): 1-23. tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa, Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Monetary policy, Foreign trade, Banking policy, Balance of payments. KEYWORDS: SACU (Southern African Customs Union); rand monetary area; Bank of Botswana; Polak model. 4053 Green, Reginald Herbold. "Economic coordination, liberation and development: Botswana-Namibia perspectives." In: Papers on the Economy of Botswana, edited by Charles Harvey. London: Heinemann, 1981. 178-195 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Namibia, Angola. SUBJECTS: Trade relations, Economic dependency, Economic cooperation, Economic development. KEYWORDS: economic liberalization; SACU (Southern African Customs Union); ECOWAS; SADCC; Botswana-Namibia relations. 4054 Harvey, Charles, and Stephen R. Lewis, Jr. Policy Choice and Development Performance in Botswana. London: Macmillan, 1990. 341 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Economic policy, Agricultural sector, Mining, Manufacturing sector, Infrastructure, Income distribution. KEYWORDS: OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development); Frontline states; minerals. Explores the factors leading up to Botswana's extraordinary economic record in the face of obstacles that include regional destabilization and Botswana's position as a Frontline state. Discusses economic management, including policy-making processes and institutions. 4055 Harvey, Charles. "Successful adjustment in Botswana." Institute of Development Studies Bulletin 16, no. 3 (July 1985): 47-51. SUBJECTS: Monetary policy, Structural adjustment, Mining. KEYWORDS: rand monetary area; Bank of Botswana; diamonds. 4056 Harvey, Charles. The Use of Monetary Policy in Botswana, in Good Times and Bad. Sussex, UK: IDS, 1985. 55 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Management, Economic management, Government economic management, Economic management. KEYWORDS: rand monetary area. 4057 Hayden, Carol, and Tony Williams. "The Botswana social accounts matrix in the analysis of the impact of the foot and mouth epidemic." In: Papers on the Economy of Botswana, edited by Charles Harvey. London: Heinemann, 1981.252-271 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Government expenditure, Government economic management, Balance of payments, Livestock production. KEYWORDS: foot and mouth disease; ODM (Overseas Development Ministry). 4058 Hitchcock, Robert K. "Development planning, government policy, and the future of the Basarwa in Botswana." In: The Future of

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Former Foragers in Australia and Southern Africa, edited by Carmel Schrire and Robert Gordon. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Cultural Survival, 1985. 55-62 pp. SUBJECTS: Livestock production, Economic dependency, Land reform, Economic development, Self-determination. KEYWORDS: domestic policy; Remote Area Development Program; Basarwa people. 4059 I s a k s e n , Jan. Macro-Economic Management and Bureaucracy: The Case of Botswana. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1981. 53 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Management, Economic management, Government economic management. 4060 Kostiuk, Nadia. "Botswana." In: The Political Economy of African Foreign Policy : Comparative Analysis, edited by Timothy M. Shaw and Olajide Aluko. Aldershot, UK: Gower, 1984. 60-78 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Foreign policy, Historical analysis, Colonialism, Political economy studies. KEYWORDS: BDP (Botswana Democratic Party); SADCC; Frontline states. 4061 Lewis, Stephen, Jennifer Sharpley, and Charles Harvey. "Botswana." In: Manufacturing Africa: Performance and Prospects of Seven Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Roger C. Riddell. London: James Currey, 1990. 70-108 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Manufacturing sector, Economic growth policy, Economic policy, Trade policy. Examines the aggregate record of development in Botswana from 1965 to 1985. Notes the performance levels and growth rates of the manufacturing sector. Discusses government policy toward the private sector, especially those policies that promoted expansion. Explores possible future scenarios in both the medium and long terms. 4062 Makgetla, Neva Seidman. "Finance and development: The case of Botswana." The Journal ofModern African Studies 20, no. 1 (March 1982): 69-86. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic growth rate, Financial system. KEYWORDS: Botswana National Development Bank. 4063 Milazi, Dominic. "The migratory labour system and the social conditions of BLS migrant workers on the South African mines." Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies 2, no. 2 (February 1983): 37-62. tables. ALSO COVERS: Lesotho, Swaziland. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Mining, Private investment, Migration policy, Labor migration, Trade union, Unemployment. 4064 Morrison, J. Stephen. "Dilemmas of sustaining parastatal success: The Botswana Meat Commission." African Studies Association Papers 28, no. 90 (November 1985): 1-25. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Corruption, Management, State-owned enterprise, Agricultural production, Livestock production, Taxation policy. KEYWORDS: BMC (Botswana Meat Commission). 4065 Moyo, Nelson. "Application of incomes policy in the private sector, with reference to the strike of bank employees in 1974." In: Papers on the Economy of Botswana, edited by Charles Harvey. London: Heinemann, 1981. 196-208 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic policy, Private sector, Trade union, Banking, Labor strike. KEYWORDS: NEMIC (National Employment, Manpower and Incomes Council); SASBO (South African Society of Bank Officials); Botswana Ministry of Commerce and Industry; WPC (Wages Policy Committee). 4066 Parson, Jack. "Cattle, class and the state in rural Botswana." Journal of Southern African Studies 7, no. 2 (April 1981): 236-255. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Rural development, Agricultural production, Economic inequality, Livestock production. KEYWORDS: Tribal Grazing Land Policy. 4067 Parson, Jack. "Peasantariat and politics: Migration, wage labor,

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and agriculture in Botswana." Africa Today 31, no. 4 (1984): 5-25. tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Capital accumulation, Agricultural sector, Labor market, Mining, Economic policy, Labor migration, Political economy studies. KEYWORDS: wage labor. 4068 Takirambudde, Peter N a n y e n y a . "Reflections on the Botswana law of company accounts in the aftermath of the Benco crash." Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies 4, no. 1 (November 1984): 1-10. SUBJECTS: Private investment, Economic development, Foreign investment. KEYWORDS: Benco International.

Africa Research for Development, edited by Michael Malefetsane Sefali. Roma, Lesotho: Institute of Southern African Studies, 1988. 241-248 pp. SUBJECTS: Academic research, Women's studies, Employment, Adult education. KEYWORDS: wage labor. Examines the limitations of wage employment in the raising of living standards of the people of Botswana, particularly women. 4076 Whiteside, A. "Development planning in the Third World, education in Botswana: A case study." Development Southern Africa 1, no. 3/4 (November 1984): 343-358. biblio. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Education policy, Economic planning, Employment policy, Labor policy, Primary education, Secondary education.

SEE ALSO 561, 641, 13377, 14244. SEE ALSO 7893.

Education

4069 Baffoe, Frank. ' T h e social science policies in Southern Africa: The case of Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland." In: Sciences sociales en Afrique!Social Sciences in Africa, edited by Mbonigaba Mugaruka, Mutanda Ntumba, and Mugaruka Chibanguka. Kinshasa, Zaire: CERDAS, 1982. 171-191 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Lesotho, Swaziland. SUBJECTS: Infrastructure, Models, Education policy, Research and development. KEYWORDS: social science discipline. 4070 Chernichovsky, Dov. "Socioeconomic and demographic aspects of school enrollment and attendance in rural Botswana." Economic Development and Cultural Change 33, no. 2 (January 1985): 319-332. tables. SUBJECTS: Education system, Demographic analysis, Socioeconomic analysis, Education level. KEYWORDS: enrollment. 4071 Kahn, Michael. "In the name of equity-curriculum reform in Botswana." Genève Afrique/Geneva Africa 28, no. 2 (1990): 63-70. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Education reform, Education system, Sex role. KEYWORDS: equity education. Examines the achievement of the goal of equity in the Botswana education system and considers the issue at the primary, junior secondary, and senior secondary levels. Emphasizes the transition to the new junior secondary curriculum of 1986 as a unique opportunity to study the effect of curriculum change on equity in achievement. 4072 Kidd, Ross. "Demystifying pseudo Freirian non formal education: A case description and analysis of Laedza." Revue canadienne d'études de développement!Canadian Journal of Development Studies 3, no. 2 (1982): 271-289. biblio. SUBJECTS: Development planning, Education system, Education policy. KEYWORDS: Freire, Paulo; Laedza Batanani Education Project, Botswana. 4073 Nyati-Ramahobo, Lydia. "Education planning in Botswanna." Genève Afrique/Geneva Africa 28, no. 2 (1990): 52-62. SUBJECTS: Education policy, Education reform, Education system. KEYWORDS: teacher training. Analyzes education planning and policy in Botswana. Examines six institutional innovations for improving education, teacher training, and the goals of both. 4074 Otaala, B. The Changing Family in a Changing World: The Botswana Case. Paris: Paris Division of the Study of Development, UNESCO, 1983. 17 pp. SUBJECTS: Education opportunity, Education level, Youth issues, Women's political role, Women's economic role, Family. KEYWORDS: child care. 4075 Selolwane, Onalenna. "Women, wage employment and adult education in Botswana: Priority research implications." In: Southern

Environment

4077 Frimpong, Kwame. "Environmental protection through legislation in Botswana." Lesotho Law Journal 3, no. 2 (1987): 67-87. SUBJECTS: Environmental degradation, Natural resource management, Law, Legislative action. KEYWORDS: deforestation; environmental law. Examines some of the legislative measures that have been adopted in Botswana to protect and preserve the environment. Discusses legal trends in preservation law relating to wild animals, plants, and health protection for humans. Outlines a need to streamline and consolidate environmental law to facilitate more active enforcement. 4078 Gaolathe, Baledzi. "Mining development: Environment, social costs, retained value and shadow wage rates." In: Papers on the Economy of Botswana, edited by Charles Harvey. London: Heinemann, 1981. 84-103 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Environmental degradation. KEYWORDS: Morupule Colliery Project; Mines, Quarries, Works and Machinery Act 1973. 4079 Yeager, Rodger. "Democratic pluralism and ecological crisis in Botswana." The Journal ofDeveloping Areas 23, no. 3 (April 1989): 385-404. maps. SUBJECTS: Natural resource management, Environmental degradation. KEYWORDS: democratic pluralism. Describes the unintended environmental destruction that resulted from a well-meaning government policy on grazing implemented in 1975. Notes the mistaken assumptions about "unpopulated" areas that proved to be populated and the subversion of policy intentions by greedy ranchers.

Foreign Relations

4080 Black, David R., Joshua B. Mugyenyi, and Larry A. Swatuk. Foreign Policy in Small States: Botswana, Lesotho, Swaziland, and Southern Africa. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada: Centre for Foreign Policy Studies, Dalhousie University, 1988. 83 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Lesotho, Swaziland. SUBJECTS: Geopolitics, International relations, Division of labor, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: PTA (Preferential Trade Area); SADCC; SACU (Southern African Customs Union). Presents the results of a panel on small-state foreign policy making. Contains case studies of Botswana, Lesotho, Swaziland, and Southern Africa. Examines economic crises, class formation and consolidation, and economic development and their effects on foreign policy.

BOTSWANA/General

4081 Dale, Richard. "Botswana's foreign policy: State and non-state actors and small power diplomacy." In: The Evolution of Modem Botswana, edited by Louis A. Picard. London: Rex Collings, 1985. 210-227 pp. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, Diplomatic relations. KEYWORDS: Khama, Seretse. 4082 Harvey, Charles. "Foreign investment in manufacturing: The case of Botwana's brewery." In: Papers on the Economy of Botswana, edited by Charles Harvey. London: Heinemann, 1981. 209-219 pp. SUBJECTS: Foreign investment, Transnational corporations. KEYWORDS: SAB (South African Brewery); Botswana Development Corporation Ltd.; beer. 4083 Parson, Jack. "The trajectory of class and state in dependent development: The consequences of new wealth for Botswana." The Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics 21, no. 3 (November 1983): 39-60. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign investment, Class formation, Agricultural production, Class analysis, Economic dependency, Livestock production. KEYWORDS: diamonds. 4084 Polhemus, James H. "Botswana's role in the liberation of South Africa." In: The Evolution of Modern Botswana, edited by Louis A. Picard. London: Rex Collings, 1985. 228-290 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Decolonization, Foreign policy, Political elite, International economic relations. KEYWORDS: Khama, Seretse; SWAPO; BPP (Botswana People's Party); Botswana National Front; Botswana-RSA relations. SEE ALSO 7241, 10891.

General

4085 Agrell, J.-O., B. D. Bergman, P. Hallerby, and K. Ring. Developing Entrepreneurs: An Evaluation of Small Scale Industry Development in Botswana 1974-1984. Stockholm, Sweden: Swedish International Development Authority (SIDA), 1986. 75 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS : Economic development, Entrepreneurship, Industrial policy. KEYWORDS: BEDU (Botswana Enterprises Development Unit); SIDA (Swedish International Development Authority). Examines SIDA-supported development of small-scale entrepreneurs, which proceeded quite well in its initial stage, but thereafter weakened considerably. Addresses the bureaucratization of the Botswana Enterprises Development Unit, the lack of project integration, administrative inefficiency, and the shortage of skilled labor. 4086 Arntzen, J. W., and D. L. Kgathi. "Some of the determinants of the consumption of firewood energy in developing countries: The case of rural Botswana." Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies 4, no. 1 (May 1984): 24-44. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Energy use, Rural development. KEYWORDS: firewood. 4087 Colclough, Christopher, and Stephen McCarthy. The Political Economy of Botswana. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1980. 298 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic growth rate, National planning policy, Urban planning policy, Rural planning policy. KEYWORDS: precolonial society; BDP (Botswana Democratic Party); ARDP (Accelerated Rural Development Programme). 4088 Cooper, David. "An overview of the Botswana urban class struggle and its articulation with the rural structure: Insights from Selebi-Phikwe." In: Settlement in Botswana, edited by R. Renée

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Hitchcock and Mary R. Smith. Marshalltown, RSA: Heinemann, 1982. 245-255 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Class analysis, Urbanization, Rural-urban relations, Income distribution. KEYWORDS: SelebiPhikwe, Botswana. 4089 Dahl, Hans-Erik. "Economic and social development in Botswana 1966-78." In: Papers on the Economy of Botswana, edited by Charles Harvey. London: Heinemann, 1981.1-13 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Livestock production. KEYWORDS: BMC (Botswana Meat Commission). 4090 Dlamini, C. R. M. "Should we legalize or abolish polygany?" The Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa 22, no. 3 (Nov. 1989): 330-345. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Marriage, Human rights, Law. Discusses the issue of polygany in Botswana. States it is colonial ethnocentrism that equates polygany with backwardness. Mentions the need to integrate polygany into Botswana's legal framework. 4091 Enge, Marianne. "Self-reliant yet subordinate." In: The Peripheral Centre: Swedish Assistance to Africa in Relation to Women, edited by Karin Himmelstrand and Noella Bickham. Stockholm, Sweden: Swedish International Development Authority, 1985. 116-125 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Women and development, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: SIDA (Swedish International Development Authority). 4092 Gasper, D. R. Multi-Level Planning and Development Administration in Botswana. Harare, Zimbabwe: University of Zimbabwe, 1989. 48 pp. SUBJECTS: Drought, Rural development, Development planning, Decentralization. KEYWORDS: Botswana Ministry of Finance and Development Planning. Reviews experiences in the twenty years following independence, focusing on the 1970-1971 and 1985-1986 periods. Discusses recent trends, emphasizing rural rather than urban development. 4093 Glickman, M. J. A. "Principles of Tswana customary law: A sociology perspective." Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies 3, no. 2 (November 1983): 82-89. tables. SUBJECTS: Traditional legal system, Traditional political system, Traditional society, Sociological analysis. KEYWORDS: Tswana people. 4094 Glickman, Maurice. 'Thoughts on certain relationships between gender, kinship and development among the Tswana of Botswana." African Studies 47, no. 2 (1988): 81-87. SUBJECTS: Marriage, Labor migration, Women's studies. KEYWORDS: Tswana people. A brief review of the literature on the impact of labor migration on bridewealth and women's status. 4095 Griffiths, Anne. Negotiating Pregnancy: Women's Strategies Concerning Marriage and Compensation among the Kwena in Botswana. Edinburgh, Scotland: Centre of African Studies, Edinburgh University, 1990. 43 pp. biblio, maps. SUBJECTS: Sociological analysis, Marriage, Family planning, Women's studies, Traditional legal system, Conflict resolution. KEYWORDS: Kwena people; maternity. Based on research carried out among the Kwena people in 1982 and 1984. Considers the role that marriage plays in the structuring of family life and the options that are open to individuals and their families when pregnancy occurs. 4096 Gulbrandsen, Ornulf. When Land Becomes Scarce: Access to Agricultural Land and Communal Land Management in Eastern Botswana. Bergen, Norway: Department of Social Anthropology, University of Bergen, 1990. 127 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Land-use policy, Natural resource management, Resource distribution, Livestock production. KEYWORDS: Kgatleng District, Botswana;

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Barolong people. Based on 1982-1983 fieldwork in the Southern District of Botswana. Focuses on land-use planning and management, particularly on how government agencies relate to the land-using communities and how communities respond to the increase in land scarcity. 4097 Gwebu, Thando B. "Spatial organization of urban centers in Botswana: The evolution of development with equity." African Urban Quarterly 2, no. 2 (May 1987): 149-160. maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Traditional society, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: Francistown, Botswana; Lobatse, Botswana; Gaborone, Botswana. Analyzes the patterns of spatial organization in the urban centers of Botswana. 4098 Hardie, G. J. "The dynamics of the internal organizations of the traditional tribal capital, Mochudi." In: Settlement in Botswana, edited by R. Renée Hitchcock and Mary R. Smith. Marshalltown, RSA: Heinemann, 1982. 205-219 pp. SUBJECTS: Traditional society, Traditional authority, Traditional legal system. KEYWORDS: Mochudi, Botswana; kgotla legal system; Tswana people. 4099 Harris, John. Conceptual Framework for the Study of Migration in Botswana. Brookline, Massachusetts: Boston University African Studies Center, 1981. 26 pp. SUBJECTS: Migration, Income distribution, Women's economic role, Subsistence farming. 4100 Henderson, Willie. "Seretse Khama: A personal appreciation." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 89, no. 354 (January 1990): 27-56. SUBJECTS: Biography, Historical analysis, National liberation movement, Leadership analysis. KEYWORDS: BDP (Botswana Democratic Party); Seretse Khama. Considers the important role that Seretse Khama played in establishing the Botswana state. Provides background on Seretse's ideology and purpose since his youth. Argues that without Seretse, the political history of Botswana would be entirely different and Botswana itself a part of the RSA. 4101 Hubbard, Michael. "Botswana's beef export industry: The issue of the proposed northern abattoir." In: Papers on the Economy of Botswana, edited by Charles Harvey. London: Heinemann, 1981. 44-65 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Export policy, Livestock production. KEYWORDS: Ngamiland District, Botswana; BMC (Botswana Meat Commission); Tribal Grazing Land Policy; beef. 4102 ILRIG. Botswana: The Story of Mineworkers in an Independent African Country. Salt River, RSA: ILRIG (International Labour Research and Information Group), 1984. 43 pp. SUBJECTS: Labor strike, Transnational corporations. KEYWORDS: SelebiPhikwe, Botswana; Anglo-American Corporation of South Africa; AM AX (American Metal Climax); Khama, Seretse; De Beers Corporation. 4103 Isaacs, Arnold H. Dependence Relations between Botswana, Lesotho, Swaziland and the Republic of South Africa: A Literature Study Based on Johan Galtung's Theory of Imperialism. Leiden, Netherlands: African Studies Centre, 1982. 165 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Lesotho, Swaziland. SUBJECTS: Economic dependency, Labor migration, Imperialism, Trade relations, Military policy. KEYWORDS: Galtung, Johan; Customs Union Agreement 1969; RSA-Botswana relations; RSA-Swaziland relations; RSALesotho relations. 4104 Jones, David. "Arable agriculture in Botswana." In: Papers on the Economy of Botswana, edited by Charles Harvey. London: Heinemann, 1981. 29-43 pp. biblio, maps. SUBJECTS: Price policy, Agricultural production, Traditional society. KEYWORDS: Arable Lands Development Programme; Botswana Agricultural Marketing

Board; Rural Income Distribution Survey 1974. 4105 Kerven, Carol. "Rural-urban interdependence and agricultural development." In: Settlement in Botswana, edited by R. Renée Hitchcock and Mary R. Smith. Marshalltown, RSA: Heinemann, 1982. 234-244 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Rural-urban migration, Ruralurban relations, Agricultural development. 4106 Kuper, Adam. "Social aspects of Kgalagari settlement." In: Settlement in Botswana, edited by R. Renée Hitchcock and Mary R. Smith. Marshalltown, RSA: Heinemann, 1982. 258-263 pp. SUBJECTS: Traditional society, Household analysis. KEYWORDS: Kgalagadi District, Botswana; Sotho people; Tswana people. 4107 Lawry, Steve. "The Matsheng Land Use Plan: A case study in settlement and agricultural development planning in Kgalagadi District." In: Settlement in Botswana, edited by R. Renée Hitchcock and Mary R. Smith. Marshalltown, RSA: Heinemann, 1982. 341-352 pp. SUBJECTS: Land-use policy, Land tenure system, Traditional authority. KEYWORDS: Matsheng Land Use Plan; kgotla legal system; Kgalagadi District, Botswana. 4108 Lewis, Jr., Stephen R. "The potential problems of diamond-dependent development." In: Papers on the Economy of Botswana, edited by Charles Harvey. London: Heinemann, 1981. 14-28 pp. SUBJECTS: Export policy, Mining, Transnational corporations. KEYWORDS: diamonds; De Beers Consolidated Mines; Jwaneng, Botswana. 4109 Lynam, A. P. Annotated Bibliography and Index of the Geology of Botswana, 1977-1985. Lobatse, Botswana: Republic of Botswana Department of Geological Survey, 1989. 135 pp. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Bibliography. Covers published materials only and includes citations from the social sciences when relevant to the earth sciences. Contains only articles in English. 4110 Masenya, Webster. "Industrial development in Botswana: Prospects for indigenous investor participation." Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies 4, no. 2 (November 1984): 61-75. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Industrial development, Entrepreneurship. 4111 Mentz, J. C. N. "Capitalism in Botswana." In: Development Policies and Approaches in Southern Africa, edited by D. A. Kotzé. Pretoria, RSA: Académica, 1983. 113-127 pp. SUBJECTS: Capitalism, Economic development, Development policy. KEYWORDS: Botswana National Development Plan 1973. 4112 Mokobi, K. F., and S. Asefa. 'The role of the government of Botswana in increasing rural and urban access to food." In: Southern Africa: Food Security Policy Options, edited by Mandivamba Rukini and Richard H. Bernstein. Harare, Zimbabwe: University of Zimbabwe, 1988. 259-273 pp. SUBJECTS: Employment, Food policy, Social welfare system. KEYWORDS: Rural Public Employment Food Access Programme; rural employment program. Summarizes Botswana's national food strategy. Describes the country' s food access programs, including the institutional framework for designing and implementing the programs. Provides an analytical framework for assessing food access policy options. 4113 Molebatsi, C. O. "Planning based on consultation: Botswana's search for grasssroots participation in district planning." In: Subnational Planning in Southern and Eastern Africa: Approaches, Finance and Education, edited by A. H. J. Helmsing and K. H. Wekwete. Brookfield, Vermont: Aldershot, 1990.147-162 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Development planning, Decentralization. KEYWORDS: community participation; DDC (District Development Committee).

BOTSWANA/General

Examines the institutions found at the district and village levels and the methods that have been used to promote participation in subnational planning. Argues that Botswana has structured district planning in a way that facilitates participation. 4114 Morrison, Stephen. "Dilemmas of sustaining parastatal success: The Botswana Meat Commission." Institute of Development Studies Bulletin 17, no. 1 (January 1986): 30-38. tables. SUBJECTS: State-owned enterprise, Management, Livestock production. KEYWORDS: BMC (Botswana Meat Commission). Argues that most analysis of Africa focuses on explaining failure and arrives at elegant but reductionist theories. Insists that understanding the dynamics of success of such institutions as the BMC is essential to understanding Africa. Details the management of sustained success by the BMC. 4115 Murray, Andrew, and Neil Parsons. "The modern economic history of Botswana." In: Studies in the Economic History of Southern Africa: Volume One: The Front-Line States, edited by Zbigniew A. Konczacki, Jane L. Parpart, and Timothy M. Shaw. London: Frank Cass, 1990. 159-199 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic history, National development. KEYWORDS: Botswana Second National Development Plan 1970-1975. Examines the economic history of Botswana and the growth of the past two decades made possible by the exploitation of diamonds and beef under state patronage. Concludes that Botswana represents a test of whether development really trickles down. 4116 Neff, Steven. Human Rights in Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland: Implications ofAdherence to International Human Rights Treaties. Roma, Lesotho: Institute of Southern African Studies, University of Lesotho, 1986. 97 pp. ALSO COVERS: Lesotho, Swaziland. SUBJECTS: Human rights, Racial discrimination. KEYWORDS: OAU; African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 1983; UN covenants on human rights. Discusses implications, for Botswana, Lesotho, and Swaziland, of the Banjul Charter on African and People's Rights and UN covenants on human rights. Analyzes enforcement and efficacy of those charters and covenants, illustrating a variety of shortcomings and weaknesses in their designs. 4117 Ng'ong'ola, Clement. "Compulsory acquisition of private land in Botswana: The Bonnington Farm case." The Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa 22, no. 3 (1989): 298319. SUBJECTS: Land tenure system, Law, Urban development, Case study. KEYWORDS: Gaborone, Botswana. Discusses the issue of forced land acquisition in the city of Gaborone, with special reference to the case of Bonnington Farm. Analyzes the actions of the government and courts in reaching an agreement on the adequacy of payment to the original owner after legal action against the government. 4118 Norman, D. W., and D. C. Baker. "Components of farming systems research, FSR credibility, and experiences in Botswana." In: Understanding Africa's Rural Households and Farming Systems, edited by Joyce Lewinger Moock. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1986. 36-57 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Research and development, Agricultural sector, Household economy. KEYWORDS: Agricultural Technology Improvement Project; farming systems research. Defines the fanning systems approach and identifies the characteristics. Discusses the relationships among farming system research methodological issues, credibility, and intrahousehold processes. Uses examples of research experience in Botswana. 4119 Peters, Pauline E. Struggles over Water, Struggles over Meaning: Cattle, Water, and the State in Botswana. Boston, Massachusetts: African Studies Center, Boston University, 1984.23 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Land-use policy, Rural development, Livestock production.

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KEYWORDS: kgotla legal system. 4120 Picard, Louis A. "Independent Botswana: The district administration and political control." Journal of African Studies 8, no. 3 (Fall 1981): 98-110. ALSO COVERS: Kenya, Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Civil service, Colonialism, Political elite, Administration, Development planning. KEYWORDS: BDP (Botswana Democratic Party); Botswana National Front; BPP (Botswana People's Party). 4121 Picard, Louis A., ed .The Evolution ofModern Botswana. London: Rex Collings, 1985.339 pp. SUBJECTS: Political system, Rural development, Rural-urban migration, Nationalism, Political elite, Infrastructure, Economic growth rate. KEYWORDS: Kalahari Desert. 4122 Roden, Hanne. Introduction to Its Involvement in Urbanisation in the Third World: The Case of Botswana. Copenhagen, Denmark: School of Architecture, Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, 1984. 186 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Development financing, Development planning, Administration, Migration, Urbanization. KEYWORDS: World Bank. 4123 Rogge, John R. "Africa's displaced population: Dependency or self-sufficiency?" In: Population and Development Projects in Africa, edited by John I. Clarke, Mustafa Khogali, and Leszek A. Kosinski. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1985. 68-83 pp. maps. ALSO COVERS: Sudan, Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Refugee migration, Self-reliance. KEYWORDS: UNHCR (UN High Commission for Refugees); WFP (World Food Programme). 4124 Sanders, J. G. M. "The Bushmen of Botswana—from desert dwellers to world citizens." Africa Insight 19, no. 3 (1989): 174-182. maps. SUBJECTS: Traditional society, Economic development, Law, Anthropological analysis. KEYWORDS: San people; Bushmen people. Advocates a development scheme for Bushmen, which offers them land so that they might be able to develop in their own right. Addresses the position of the society under national and international law and the attention to aboriginal rights in the latter. Describes Bushman society, particularly the band structure. 4125 Silitshena, R. M. K. "Migration and permanent settlement at the land areas." In: Settlement in Botswana, edited by R. Renée Hitchcock and Mary R. Smith. Marshalltown, RSA: Heinemann, 1982. 220-231 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Rural-urban migration, Land-use policy. KEYWORDS: Tswana people; Accelerated Rural Development Programme. 4126 Southall, Roger. "Botswana as a host country for refugees." The Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics 22, no. 2 (July 1984): 151-179. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa, Namibia. SUBJECTS: International relations, Refugees, Democracy, Human rights. KEYWORDS: BDP (Botswana Democratic Party). 4127 Stevens, Michael. "Aid management in Botswana: From one to many donors." In: Papers on the Economy of Botswana, edited by Charles Harvey. London: Heinemann, 1981. 159-177 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign aid, Economic development. KEYWORDS: IDA (International Development Association); Accelerated Rural Development Programme; BADEA (Banque Arabe pour le Développement Economique en Afrique); ACP (African, Caribbean, and Pacific Countries). 4128 Takirambudde, Peter Nanyenya. "A note on the 1982 Botswana Citizenship Act." Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies 3, no. 2 (November 1983): 76-81. SUBJECTS: Legal system, Citizenship status. KEYWORDS: Botswana Citizenship Act 1982. 4129 Takirambudde, Peter Nanyenya. "Comparative aspects of the

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legal framework for the control of the insurance business in Botswana and Swaziland." Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies 3, no. 1 (May 1983): 15-28. ALSO COVERS: Swaziland. SUBJECTS: Finance, Government regulation. KEYWORDS: insurance industry. 4130 Temane, B. K., and M. York-Smith. "Towards a national settlement policy." In: Settlement in Botswana, edited by R. Renée Hitchcock and Mary R. Smith. Marshalltown, RSA: Heinemann, 1982. 283-289 pp. SUBJECTS: Traditional society, Land tenure system. KEYWORDS: settlement policy. 4131 Tlou, Josiah, Gaontatlhe Mautle, and Hubert Dyasi. "The role of primary teacher education in Botswana's national development." Rural Africana no. 28/29 (Spring/Fall 1987): 83-93. SUBJECTS: Primary education, National development. KEYWORDS: teacher training. Reviews a study of the teachers, students, and government officials involved in teacher education in Botswana in 1975. Appraises the education system to see if it is suited for national development needs and analyzes survey respondents' views on the same topic. 4132 Tvedten, Inge. Rural Development and the Role of Power Relations: A Case Study on Flood Plain Agriculture fron North Western Botswana. Bergen, Norway: Development Research and Action Programme, 1985. 349 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Subsistence economy, Agrarian economy, Peasant society. KEYWORDS: North West District, Botswana; Ngamiland District, Botswana. 4133 Van Nostrand, John. Old Naledi: The Village Becomes aTown. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: James Lorimer, 1981. 64 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Squatter community, Land tenure system. KEYWORDS: Naledi squatter settlement, Botswana; national urban settlement policy. 4134 Weedon, Ray, and Odd Ystgaard. "Railways, immigrants, mining and cattle: Problems of measurement in Botswana's national income accounts." In: Papers on the Economy of Botswana, edited by Charles Harvey. London: Heinemann, 1981.220-251 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Balance of payments, International economic system, Mining, Livestock production, Labor migration. KEYWORDS: foreign labor; railway transportation. 4135 Wilmsen, Edwin N., ed. Remote Area Dwellers in Botswana: An Assessment of Their Current Status. Boston, Massachusetts: African Studies Center, Boston University, 1982.52 pp. SUBJECTS: Land tenure system, Rural development. KEYWORDS: rural economy; Basarwa people. 4136 Wilmsen, Edwin N. Those Who Have Each Other: Land Tenure of Kalahari Foragers. Boston, Massachusetts: African Studies Center, Boston University, 1984. 30 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Land tenure system, Resource distribution, Kinship. KEYWORDS: San people. 4137 Zaffiro, James J. "The press and political opposition in an African democracy: The case of Botswana." The Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics 27, no. 1 (March 1989): 51-73. SUBJECTS: Political opposition, Mass media, Democracy. KEYWORDS: BDP (Botswana Democratic Party); Botswana National Front; Daily Gazette-, Botswana Guardian; Mmegi Wa Dikang. Discusses the controversy surrounding the role of the printed media in the politics of Botswana. Notes the difficulty of maintaining financially solvent daily papers. States the vital political role that the major papers will play in future elections if freedom of the press is to remain ensured. 4138 Zaffiro, James J. "Twin births: African nationalism and government information management in the Bechuanaland Protectorate,

1957-1966." The International Journal of African Historical Studies 22, no. 1 (1989): 51-78. tables. SUBJECTS: Nationalism, Mass media, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: BDP (Botswana Democratic Party); Botswana Daily News; Radio Botswana. Argues that British fears of African political activity in Bechuanaland, combined with rising violence in the RSA and Rhodesia, convinced colonial administrators to formulate a strategy to stop any such activity in Bechuanaland. Describes the role of mass media in the struggle. 4139 Zetterqvist, Jenny. Refugees in Botswana in the Light of International Law. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1990. 83 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Refugees, International law. KEYWORDS: Convention on Status of Refugees 1951; Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees 1967; OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugees in Africa 1969; African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 1981. Examines to what extent international treaties concerning refugees are implemented nationally in Botswana, considering Botswana's specific economic and political realities. Studies the procedure involved in the determination of refugee status in Botswana. SEE ALSO 7937, 7969, 10989,11004, 11190,13480,13565,14354, 14391.

Household and Family

4140 UNICEF. Children, Women and Development in Botswana: A Situation Analysis: A Consultant's Report. Gaborone, Botswana: UNICEF, 1989. 253 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Children, Poverty, Household analysis, Health care policy, Legal system, Education system. KEYWORDS: UNICEF. A detailed examination of the problems affecting the survival, welfare, and development of women and children in Botswana. Explains the links between these problems and the development of the nation. SEE ALSO 2065.

Industry

4141 Wisner, Ben. "Botswana." In: Energy and Development in Southern Africa: SADCC Country Studies, volume one, edited by Phil O'Keefe and Barry Munslow. Stockholm, Sweden: Beijer Institute, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 1984. 65-133 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Household economy, Energy use, Agricultural sector, Industrial sector, Natural resource management, Resource distribution. KEYWORDS: energy policy; hydroelectric energy. SEE ALSO 2157, 2158, 11733.

Labor

4142 EC A. Manpower and Employment Planning Processes in Botswana. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: ECA, 1986. 39 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Employment, Human resources development, Wage policy.

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Considers the effectiveness of the labor and employment planning program in Botswana. Examines the program's management and capabilities with an aim toward assisting Botswana's government in the strengthening of the functions of human resources planning for national development.

4150 Sanders, A. J. G. M. "Constitutionalism in Botswana: A valiant attempt at judicial activism (Part One)." The Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa 16, no. 3 (November 1983): 350-373. SUBJECTS: Constitutional development, Judicial system, Judicial process.

4143 Lucas, Robert E. B., ed. Distribution of Wages and Employment in Rural Botswana. Boston, Massachusetts: Boston University African Studies Center, 1981. 26 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic growth rate, Labor policy, Employment policy, Labor migration, Population distribution. KEYWORDS: wage labor.

4151 Sanders, A. J. G. M. "Constitutionalism in Botswana: A valiant attempt at judicial activism (Part Two)." The Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa 17, no. 1 (March 1984): 49-64. SUBJECTS: Judicial system, Constitutional development, Judicial process.

4144 Tumkaya, Nesim. "Labour force participation and unemployment in Lobatse." Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies 3, no. 1 (May 1983): 1-14. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Employment, Unemployment, Education level, Labor force, Household analysis. KEYWORDS: Lobatse, Botswana.

4152 Sutherland, Alistair J. "Local level dispute processes in Botswana: The Yeyi moot encapsulated." Journal of African Law 25, no. 2 (Autumn 1981): 94-114. SUBJECTS: Traditional legal system. KEYWORDS: Yeyi tribunals; Tswana people. SEE ALSO 6869.

4145 Watanabe, Barbara. "Poverty profile for rural Botswana." World Development 12, no. 2 (February 1984): 115-127. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Household economy, Resource distribution, Unemployment, Employment opportunity. KEYWORDS: poverty-income ratio; female-headed households; human capital. SEE ALSO 11767.

Legal System

4146 Comaroff, John L., and Simon Roberts. Rules and Processes: The Cultural Logic ofDispute in an African Context. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press, 1981. 302 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Kinship, Law, Traditional legal system, Anthropological analysis, Property rights, Marriage. KEYWORDS: Tswana people; kgotla legal system. 4147 Crowder, Michael. "Botswana and the survival of liberal democracy in Africa." In: Decolonization and African Independence: The Transfers of Power, 1960-1980, edited by Prosser Gifford and William Roger Louis. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1988.461-476 pp. SUBJECTS: Independence movement, Constitution, Legal system. KEYWORDS: democratic liberalism; kgotla legal system; Tswana people; Bechuanaland. Discusses the uniqueness of Botswana in effectively maintaining the constitution whereby power was transferred by its former colonial rulers. Asserts Botswana continues to remain an example of a functioning liberal democracy, maintaining Westminister-style parliamentary democracy. 4148 Molokomme, A. "Women's law in Botswana: Laws and research needs." In: The Legal Situation of Women in Southern Africa, edited by Julie Stewart and Alice Armstrong. Harare, Zimbabwe: University of Zimbabwe, 1990. 7-48 pp. SUBJECTS: Traditional legal system, Legal system, Women's studies, Sex discrimination, Marriage, Children, Research methodology. Presents an overview of the legal status of women in Botswana. Reviews the literature and research on women's law, identifying gaps in the research and discussing methodological issues. 4149 Molokomme, Athaliah. "The reception and development of Roman-Dutch lawinBotswana/'Lesof/io Law Journal l,no. 1 (1985): 121-134. SUBJECTS: Constitutional development, Legal development, Traditional legal system, Legal system, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: legal history; family law; divorce.

Migration

4153 Bell, Morag. "Modern sector employment and urban social change: A case study from Gaborone, Botswana." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 15, no. 2 (1981): 259-276. tables. SUBJECTS: Rural-urban migration, Urbanization, Sociological analysis, Migration. KEYWORDS: Gaborone, Botswana. 4154 Lucas, Robert E. B. Migration amongst the Botswana. Boston, Massachusetts: African Studies Center, Boston University, 1984. 36 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Migration, Rural-urban migration, Wage policy, Employment. KEYWORDS: Batswana people. 4155 Rwelamira, Medard. Refugees in a Chess Game: Reflections on Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland Refugee Policies. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1990. 64 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Lesotho, Swaziland. SUBJECTS: R e f u g e e s , Political economy studies, R e f u g e e migration. KEYWORDS: UNHCR (UN High Commission for Refugees); ANC; OAU. Examines the geopolitical factors that influence the refugee policies of Botswana, Lesotho, and Swaziland. Assesses the impact of RSA strategy on the development of the domestic refugee policy of Botswana, Lesotho, and Swaziland. Analyzes the nature and magnitude of the refugee problem in Southern Africa. 4156 Silitshena, R. M. K. "The pattern of rural-rural migration in Botswana." In: Approaches to Rural Transformation in Eastern Africa, edited by H. W. O. Okoth-Ogendo. Nairobi, Kenya: Bookwise, 1981. 24-47 pp. SUBJECTS: Migration pattern, Migration policy. KEYWORDS: rural-rural migration. 4157 Silitshena, Robson M. K. "The regrouping policy in the NorthEast District of Botswana." In: Redistribution of Population in Africa, edited by John I. Clarke and Leszek A. Kosinski. London: Heinemann, 1982. 202-208 pp. SUBJECTS: Resettlement. KEYWORDS: NorthEast District, Botswana; Kalanga people; NEDC (North-East District Council). 4158 Werbner, Richard P. "Production and reproduction: The dynamics of Botswana's north-eastern micro-regions." In: Settlement in Botswana, edited by R. Renée Hitchcock and Mary R. Smith. Marshalltown, RSA: Heinemann, 1982. 264-276 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Land tenure system, Rural-urban migration, Household

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analysis, Migration pattern, Family. KEYWORDS: female-headed households.

Military Affairs

4159 Dale, Richard. "Botswana's Southern African security policy, 1966-1985." African Studies Association Papers 28, no. 24 (November 1985): 1-24. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Border conflict, Refugees, Political instability, National security. KEYWORDS: regional destabilization; Nkomati Accord 1984; Masire, Quett K. J.; BDF (Botswana Defence Force).

and strategies implemented in the past played equally important roles. Applies the conclusion to the cases of Botswana, Lesotho, and Swaziland. 4164 Wilsenach, André. "The provision of urban housing in Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland: Policy and strategy since independence." Africa Insight 19, no. 2 (1989): 82-87. ALSO COVERS: Lesotho, Swaziland. SUBJECTS: Housing policy, Squatter community, Informal sector. KEYWORDS: USAID. Determines common errors in housing policy and implementation. Analyzes their implications for housing in Botswana, Lesotho, and Swaziland. Argues that although both high- and low-income housing was established, little was done for middle-income families. Provides general guidelines for governments. SEE ALSO 2632.

4160 Dale, Richard. "Not always so placid a place: Botswana under attack." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 86, no. 342 (January 1987): 73-91. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South A f r i c a . S U B J E C T S : Military alliance, N a t i o n a l security. KEYWORDS: SADF; SADCC; Nkomati Accord 1984; BDF (Botswana Defence Force). Assesses the impact of RSA aggression on Botswana. Suggests that Botswana is less victimized by RSA defense policies than are neighboring countries such as Mozambique and Namibia but that Botswana does bear the high cost of military defense and of the damage caused by the RSA army.

Planning and Development

4161 Biesele, Megan, Mathias Guenther, Robert Hitchcock, and Richard Lee. "Hunters, clients and squatters: The contemporary socioeconomic status of Botswana Basarwa." African Study Monographs 9, no. 3 (January 1989): 109-151. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Socioeconomic analysis, Economic development, Cultural identity, Squatter community, Pastoralism, Self-help. KEYWORDS: Basarwa people; San people; Kung people; Dobe, Botswana; Ghanzi, Botswana. Examines the survival of a hunter-gatherer people—the Basarwa (or San) of Botswana. Claims the main obstacles to their continuance are political, not ecological, and therefore explores in five specific towns the political-economic relations the Basarwa have with their neighbors and the state. 4162 Odell, Jr., Malcolm J. "The evolution of a planning and development strategy for communal areas in Botswana." In: Settlement in Botswana, edited by R. Renée Hitchcock and Mary R. Smith. Marshalltown, RSA: Heinemann, 1982. 327-340 pp. SUBJECTS: Traditional authority, Local planning policy, National planning policy. KEYWORDS: kgotla legal system; Range and Livestock Management Project; Accelerated Rural Development Programme; Village Area Development Programme. 4163 Wilsenach, A., P. S. Hattingh, and J. J. Olivier. "Provision of urban housing in the BLS countries: Policy and strategy since independence." Development Southern Africa 5, no. 1 (January 1988): 59-72. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Lesotho, Swaziland. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Housing policy, Squatter community, Private sector, Urbanization, Housing, Urban poverty. KEYWORDS: subsidies; informal housing. Concludes that extensive housing shortages cannot be ascribed only to rapid growth of urban population, but that housing policies

Politics

4165 Bernard, Stéphane. Les Elections générales d'octobre 1989 au Botswana: I'apparance de la continuité et de la permanence. Talence, France: Centre d'Etudes d'Afrique Noire, 1990. 30 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Elections, Political analysis, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: multipartyism; BDP (Botswana Democratic Party). Provides a brief analysis of the 1989 election in Botswana and examines a multiparty system considered one of the most viable in postindependence Africa. Presents the historical, political, and social foundations of such an unsual system in the African political landscape. 4166 Frank, Lawrence. "Khama and Jonathan: leadership strategies in contemporary Southern Africa." The Journal of Developing Areas 15, no. 2 (January 1981): 173-198. ALSO COVERS: Lesotho. SUBJECTS: Leadership analysis, Traditional authority. KEYWORDS: Moshoeshoe II; BNP (Basotho National Party); BDP (Botswana Democratic Party). 4167 Gasper, D. "Development planning and decentralization in Botswana." In: Decentralization for Participatory Planning? edited by P. de Valk and K. H. Wekwete. Aldershot, UK: Avebury, 1990. 224-252 pp. SUBJECTS: Decentralization, Development planning, Rural development, Government bureaucracy. KEYWORDS: DDC (District Development Committee); Botswana Ministry of Finance and Development Planning; Botswana Ministry of Local Government and Lands; Botswana national development plans. Provides an overview of development planning in Botswana since independence. Lists the various agencies that have played a part in the process and the changes that have been made to the organizational struture throughout the years. Maintains that the country's programs have been relatively successful. 4168 Holm, John, and Patrick Molutsi, eds. Democracy in Botswana: Proceedings of a Symposium Held in Gaborone, 1-5 August, 1988. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 1989. 296 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Democracy, Political participation, Education policy, Civil rights, Elections, Government bureaucracy, Mass media. KEYWORDS: kgotla legal system. A collection of papers pointing to the developmental character of democracy in Botswana. Includes works in the areas of citizen participation, interest groups and group politics, political rights, and the role of the kgotla. 4169 Holm, John D. "Elections in Botswana: Institutionalization of

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a new system of legitimacy." In: Elections in Independent Africa, edited by Fred M. Hayward. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1987. 121-145 pp. SUBJECTS: Political opposition, Electoral process, Democracy. KEYWORDS: BDP (Botswana Democratic Party); BPP (Botswana People's Party); Botswana National Front. Examines competitive electoral politics, focusing on elections in Botswana. Concludes that Botswana has a number of critical freedoms, specifically, the right to run for office, equality of franchise for rural and urban constituencies, and majority rule by elected representatives of local councils.

Institute for International Affairs, 1990. 145 pp. SUBJECTS: Democracy, Political change, Traditional political system, Armed forces, Government bureaucracy. KEYWORDS: NDI (National Democratic Institute for International Affairs); BDP (Botswana Democratic Party); ANC. Provides an overview of the development of Botswana's political development since the colonial era. States that the country has remained democratic and stable because it is built on indigenous political traditions and is highly tolerant of free speech and oppositional points of view.

4170 Holm, John D., and Gloriah Somolekae. "La Démocratie au Botswana." Année africaine 34 (1989): 129-149. SUBJECTS: Democracy, Government analysis, Political analysis, Mass communication, Electoral process. KEYWORDS: BDP (Botswana Democratic Party); Botswana National Front. Evaluates the level of institutionalization of the democratic system and procedures in Botswana. Concludes that if the Botswanan government remains dominated by a state bourgeoisie, it will be forced to increasingly engage in compromise with other social sectors. Claims that the bourgeoisie is increasingly subject to the evolution of various forms of political participation.

4177 Odell, Jr., Malcolm F. "Local government: Traditional and modern roles of the village Kgotla." In: The Evolution of Modern Botswana, edited by Louis A. Picard. London: Rex Collings, 1985. 61-121 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Traditional political system, Rural d e v e l o p m e n t , Local government, Traditional legal system. KEYWORDS: rural organizations; kgotla legal system.

4171 Holm, John D., and Patrick P. Molutsi. "Monitoring the development of democracy: Our Botswana experience." The Journal of Modern African Studies 28, no. 3 (September 1990): 535-543. SUBJECTS: Democracy, Political analysis, Academic research. KEYWORDS: DRP (Democratic Research Project); BDP (Botswana Democratic Party). Presents a history of the DRP's role as watchdog over Botswana's government. States that the DRP has played an important role in opening democratic debate to the public and has in fact become part of the political process itself.

4178 Parson, Jack. Botswana: Liberal Democracy and the Labor Reserve in Southern Africa. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1984. 145 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Labor migration, Political analysis, Democracy, Economic dependency. KEYWORDS: BDP (Botswana Democratic Party); Khama, Seretse. 4179 Parson, Jack, ed. Succession to High Office in Botswana: Three Case Studies. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Center for International Studies, 1990. 443 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Political succession, Political history, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: Khama, Seretse; political legitimacy. Chronicles the major periods of Botswana's twentieth-century history: colonial, nationalist, and postcolonial. Examines specifically the question of political legitimacy.

4172 Holm, John D. "Rural development and liberal democracy in Botswana." The African Studies Review 25, no. 1 (March 1982): 83-102. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Development policy, Agricultural development, Democracy, Rural development, Elections. KEYWORDS: BDP (Botswana Democratic Party); democratic liberalism.

4180 Parson, Jack. "The trajectory of class and state in dependent development: The consequences of new wealth for Botswana." In: State and Class in Africa, edited by Nelson Kasfir. London: Frank Cass, 1984. 39-60 pp. SUBJECTS: Government analysis, Class analysis, Capitalism, Economic dependency, Mining, Class formation. KEYWORDS: minerals.

4173 Holm, John D. ' T h e meaning of democracy in Botswana: An exploratory essay." African Studies Association Papers 27, no. 47 (October 1984): 1-16. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Elections, Civil rights, Parliamentary government, Economic growth rate, Freedom of expression. KEYWORDS: BDP (Botswana Democratic Party); Tribal Grazing Land Policy.

4181 Picard, Louis A. "Bureaucrats, elections and political control: National politics, the district administration and the multi-party system in Botswana." In: The Evolution of Modern Botswana, edited by Louis A. Picard. London: Rex Collings, 1985. 176-205 pp. SUBJECTS: Political system, Political elite, Colonialism, Local government. KEYWORDS: BPP (Botswana People's Party); Botswana National Front.

4174 Jones, David S. "Traditional authority and state administration inBotswana." The Journal ofModern African Studies 21, no. 1 (March 1983): 133-139. SUBJECTS: Traditional authority. KEYWORDS: Chieftainship Act 1966. 4175 Molutsi, Patrick P., and John D. Holm. "Developing democracy when civil society is weak: The case of Botswana." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 89, no. 356 (July 1990): 323-340. SUBJECTS: Democracy, Class analysis, Traditional political system, Community development. KEYWORDS: Tswana people. Argues that democratic controls on political elites are possible only if Africa's institutions can support an organized citizenry. Examines traditional political culture in Botswana to see if it can provide such support. Focuses on community-based institutions as a viable tool for the transition to democracy. 4176 National Democratic Institute, ed. Democracies in Regions of Crisis: Botswana, Costa Rica, Israel. Washington, DC: National

4182 Picard, Louis A., and E. Philip Morgan. "Policy implementation and local institutions in Botswana." In: The Evolution of Modern Botswana, edited by Louis A. Picard. London: Rex Collings, 1985. 125-156 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Local planning policy, Local government, Civil service, Land tenure system, Rural development. KEYWORDS: DDC (District Development Committee). 4183 Polhemus, James H. "Botswana votes: Parties and elections in an African democracy." The Journal of Modern African Studies 21, no. 3 (September 1983): 397-430. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Political parties, Electoral process, Voting pattern. KEYWORDS: BPP (Botswana People's Party); Botswana Independence Party; Mpho, Motsamai. 4184 Reilly, Wyn. "Decentralization in Botswana—myth or reality?" In: Local Government in the Third World: The Experience of Tropical Africa, edited by Philip Mawhood. New York: John Wiley, 1983.

268 • BOTSWANA/Politics 141-176 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Local government, Decentralization, Traditional authority. KEYWORDS: Botswana National Development Plan 1979-1984.

RSA: Heinemann, 1982. 353-360 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Rural planning policy, Agricultural development, Case study. KEYWORDS: Ngamiland District, Botswana.

4185 Woodward, Calvin A. "Political stability in Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland." In: On the Razor's Edge: Prospects for Political Stability in Southern Africa, edited by Calvin A. Woodward. Pretoria, RSA: Africa Institute of South Africa, 1986. 153162 pp. ALSO COVERS: Lesotho, Swaziland. SUBJECTS: International relations, Political participation, Political stability. KEYWORDS: BNP (Basotho National Party); BPP (Botswana People's Party). Discusses the capacity of territories to keep order when subject to foreign interference. Relates that topic to the issue of political stability in the BLS countries.

4190 Hitchock, R. Renée, and Mary R. Smith, eds. Settlement in Botswana. Marshalltown, RSA: Heinemann, 1982. 401 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS : Urban planning policy, Land tenure system, Rural development, Rural-urban relations. KEYWORDS: Ngamiland District, Botswana; Kgalagadi District, Botswana.

SEE ALSO 2894, 3004, 3021, 3094.

4191 Hay, Roger W. "Famine incomes and employment: Has Botswana anything to teach Africa?" World Development 16, no. 9 (September 1988): 1113-1125. tables. SUBJECTS: Resource distribution, Unemployment, Health service, Income distribution, Famine, Drought. KEYWORDS: Botswana Drought Relief Program 19791980; rural resources. Analyzes the objectives, structure, and success of the Botswana Drought Relief Program between 1982 and 1985 in terms of its impact on lost income and employment. Argues that underlying rural unemployment both precipitated the crisis and was aggravated by it. Proposes that famine management should be based on both an employment and an incomes theory of famine.

Population

4186 Finch, Glenda S., Erik Jorgensen, and Peter O. Way. "Botswana." In: L'Evaluation des effectifs de la population des pays africains, vol. 2, edited by Groupe de Démographie Africaine. Paris: Groupe de Démographie Africaine, 1984. 27-41 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Population growth, Migration. KEYWORDS: census; absentee population. 4187 Tarver, James D., and H. Max Miller. "Rural-urban migration in a developing country: Botswana, Africa." Africa Quarterly 24, no. 1/2 (1985): 22-33. tables. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Ruralurban migration, Urbanization, Demographic analysis.

Private Sector

4188 Mushonga, B. L. B. African Small Scale Entrepreneurship with Special Reference to Botswana. Gaborone, Botswana: National Institute of Development and Cultural Research, 1981. 140 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Entrepreneurship, Small business, Social change, Sociological analysis. KEYWORDS: Government Guarantee System; BEDU (Botswana Enterprises Development Unit).

Regionalism/Nationalism

SEE ALSO 13646, 13654.

Rural Development

4189 Greenhow, T. "The planning of settlements in relation to agriculture in Ngamiland: A case study." In: Settlement in Botswana, edited by R. Renée Hitchcock and Mary R. Smith. Marshalltown,

Socioeconomic Analysis

4192 Larsson, Anita. "Old Naledi: The integration of an upgraded area into the capital city of Botswana." African Urban Quarterly 2, no. 3 (August 1987): 311-320. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Squatter community, Socioeconomic analysis, Standard of living. KEYWORDS: Gaborone, Botswana; Naledi squatter settlement, Botswana; overpopulation. Examines the differences in the socioeconomic characteristics before and after the upgrade of Naledi, the first and only important squatter settlement in Gaborone, Botswana.

Trade

4193 Mokate, Renosi. "Realigning Botswana's trade structure: Constraints and possibilities for SADCC." In: Breaking the Links: Development Theory and Practice in Southern Africa, edited by Robert E. Mazur. Trenton, New Jersey: Africa World, 1990. 129-148 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Foreign trade, Regional cooperation, Trade policy. KEYWORDS: SADCC; SACU (Southern African Customs Union). Examines Botswana's trade with countries in the SADCC and the SACU. Asserts that it is integrated to a greater extent in the SACU, with the RSA as its major trading partner. Maintains that Botswana has to reverse this trend and orient its trade toward the SADCC in order to make that organization effective. 4194 Morgan, E. Philip. "Botswana: Development, democracy, and vulnerability." In: Southern Africa: The Continuing Crisis, edited by Gwendolen M. Carter and Patrick O'Meara. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1982. 228-248 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Trade relations, Economic analysis, Labor force, Export policy, Political opposition. KEYWORDS: RSA-Botswana relations; Khama, Seretse; BDP (Botswana Democratic Party); BPP (Botswana People's Party); Botswana National Front.

BURKINA F A S O / A g r i c u l t u r e

4195 Ochieng, E. O. "Botswana's trade structure compared with those of other small countries." In: Papers on the Economy of Botswana, edited by Charles Harvey. London: Heinemann, 1981. 115-130 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Export policy, Foreign trade, Regionalism, Balance of payments. KEYWORDS: common customs area.

Urban Development

4196 Letsholo, J. M. O. "The new towns of Botswana." In: Settlement in Botswana, edited by R. Renée Hitchcock and Mary R. Smith. Marshalltown, RSA: Heinemann, 1982. 293-302 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Urban planning policy, Urban growth. KEYWORDS: new towns development; Selebi-Phikwe, Botswana; Jwaneng, Botswana. 4197 Silitshena, Robson. "The Tswana agro-to wn and rural economy in Botswana." In: Small Town Africa: Studies in Rural-Urban Interaction, edited by Jonathan Baker. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1990.35-50 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Urban development, Urban planning policy. KEYWORDS: small towns; Tswana people. Describes an agrotown as a settlement of farmers with at least 10,000 people and that serves as a district capital. Provides a history of Botswana and its agrotowns. Analyzes the relationship between them and their hinterlands. Discusses government proposals to upgrade them to industrial centers.

Women and Gender

4198 Brown, Barbara B. "Impact of male labour migration on women in Botswana." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 82, no. 328 (July 1983): 367-388. tables. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Labor migration, Women's economic role, Women's studies, Women's rights. KEYWORDS: Rural Income Distribution Survey 1974; Kgatleng District, Botswana; Schapera, Isaac; Tswana law.

• 269

4199 Brown, Barbara B. "Women in Botswana." In: Women and Development in Africa: Comparative Perspectives, edited by Jane L. Parpart. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1989. 257278 pp. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Political economy studies, Women and development. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980. Outlines the impact of Botswana's political economy on women. Analyzes women's responses, including a fledgling women's movement. Reviews government policy toward women. Argues that the policies need to go further to really help women. 4200 Kerven, Carol. "Academics, practitioners and all kinds of women in development: In reply to Peters." Journal of Southern African Studies 10, no. 2 (April 1984): 259-268. SUBJECTS: Women and development, Sex role, Women's studies, Household economy. KEYWORDS: Peters, Pauline; female-headed households. 4201 Kossoudji, Sherrie, and Eva Mueller. "The economic and demographic status of female-headed households in rural Botswana." Economic Development and Cultural Change 31, no. 4 (July 1983): 831-859. tables. SUBJECTS: Women and development, Women's economic role, Demographic analysis. KEYWORDS: femaleheaded households. 4202 Peters, Pauline. "Gender, development cycles and historical process: A critique of recent research on women in Botswana." Journal of Southern African Studies 10, no. 1 (October 1983): 100122. ALSO COVERS: Lesotho. SUBJECTS: Women and development, Women's rights, Women's studies, Women's economic role, Labor migration, Political ideology. KEYWORDS: female-headed households; labor control. 4203 Peters, Pauline E. "Household management in Botswana: Cattle, crops, and wage labor." In: Understanding Africa's Rural Households and Farming Systems, edited by Joyce Lewinger Moock. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1986. 133-154 pp. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Women's economic role, Resource distribution, Division of labor, Household economy. KEYWORDS: plows; farming systems research; rural economy. Uses recent research in Botswana to raise questions about analytical distinctions that have been made by farming systems research, especially those involving the farming household or farm family and the appropriate units and boundaries for research, analysis, and action. SEE ALSO 3612.

BURKINA FASO Agriculture

4204 Chisholm, N. G., and J. M. Grove. "The lower Volta." In: The Niger and Its Neighbours: Environmental History andHydrobiology, Human Use and Health Hazards of the Major West African Rivers, edited by A. T. Grove. Rotterdam, Netherlands: A. A. Balkema, 1985. 229-250 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Ghana. SUBJ E C T S : Irrigation, Agricultural sector, Fishing industry. KEYWORDS: Akosombo Dam, Ghana; Volta River. 4205 Gervais, Myriam. "Peasants and capital in Upper Volta." In: The Politics of Agriculture in Tropical Africa, edited by Jonathan Barker. Beverly Hills, California: Sage, 1984. 127-141 pp. SUB-

JECTS: Peasant economy, Capitalism, Drought, Foreign aid, Cash crop production, Subsistence farming. KEYWORDS: CFDT (Compagnie Française pour le Développement des Fibres Textiles); cotton; peasant differentiation; A W (Autorité des Aménagements des Vallées de la Volta). 4206 Jaeger, W i l l i a m K. Agricultural Mechanization: The Economics of Animal Draft Power in West Africa. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1986.199 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: West Africa. SUBJECTS: Livestock production, Appropriate technology, Farming system, Economic analysis, Subsistence farming. KEYWORDS: animal traction; Djibo, Burkina Faso; Nedogo, Burkina Faso; Diapangou, Burkina Faso; Boromo, Burkina Faso. Discusses the profitability of animal traction, using an empirical analysis based on data gathered from four villages in Burkina Faso.

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Argues that the findings warrant the use of specific policy instruments to promote the rapid adoption of animal traction. 4207 Lacoste, Yves. "Un exemple des difficultés du développement en Afrique tropicale: les problèmes de mise en valeur de la vallée de la Volta Blanche au Burkina Faso." In: Asie-Afrique: greniers vides, greniers pleins, edited by Sylvie Brunei. Paris: Economica, 1986. 111-119 pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Rural development, Food production. KEYWORDS: A W (Autorité des Aménagements des Vallées de la Volta); White Volta Valley, Burkina Faso. Examines an agricultural development project in Burkina Faso designed to combine traditional agricultural techniques with modern agronomic innovations in order to expand exportable food crop production. Presents the participants and explains geography and the reasons for the project's failure. 4208 Lecaillon, Jacques, and Christian Morrisson. Economic Policies amd Agricultural Performance: The Case of Burkina Faso. Paris: Developement Centre, OECD, 1985. 158 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic policy, Agricultural production, Basic needs, Cash crop production, Food production, Religion. KEYWORDS: agricultural income. 4209 Reardon, Thomas, Peter Matlon, and Christopher Delgado. "Coping with household-level food insecurity in drought affected areas of Burkina Faso." World Development 16, no. 9 (September 1988): 1065-1074. tables. SUBJECTS: Environmental degradation, Livestock production, Agricultural production, Income distribution, Rural population, Drought. KEYWORDS: Sahel; off-farm income; agricultural income. Examines the strategies used by rural households in the Sahelian and Sudanian zones of Burkina Faso to ensure food security in the face of drought-induced cropping shortfalls. Finds that three quarters of average household income in the Sahel sample and half of same in the Sudanian example come from noncropping sources. 4210 Sarpong, Ofori. "Drought and agriculture development in Upper Volta." In: Towards Food Self-Sufficiency in West Africa, edited by Kodwo Ewusi. Tema, Ghana: Tema, 1984.75-90 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Drought, Water supply, Environmental analysis. 4211 Saul, Mahir. "Development of the grain market and merchants in Burkina Faso." The Journal of Modern African Studies 24, no. 1 (March 1986): 127-164. SUBJECTS: Agricultural marketing. KEYWORDS: grain; market-state relations. Traces the development of grain marketing from the precolonial period, showing how state policies have actually helped the rise to power of powerful private groups.

4214 Sherman, Jacqueline Ruth. Grain Markets and the Marketing Behavior of Farmers: A Case Study of Manga, Upper Volta. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University Microfilms International, 1984. 349 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural marketing, Food policy, Household economy, Agricultural production, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: grain; Manga, Burkina Faso. 4215 Sowers, Fredrick Walter. Moving On: Migration and Agropastoral Production Among the Fulbe in Southern Burkina Faso. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University Microfilms International, 1986. 355 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Resettlement, Migration, Pastoralism, Livestock production, Agricultural marketing, Environmental analysis. KEYWORDS: Fulbe people; Muahao Basin, Burkina Faso. Presents empirical and theoretical evidence to challenge the analytical dichotomy between peasants and pastoralists. Examines a third group—the agropastoralists—and their particular conditions in Burkina Faso. 4216 Thiombiano, Taladidia. L'Enclave industrielle: la société sucriére de Haute Volta. Dakar, Senegal: CODESRIA, 1984. 192 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Agricultural production, Food production, State-owned enterprise, Commercial agriculture. KEYWORDS: sugar. 4217 Thiombiano, Taladidia. "Les Déterminants de la consommation urbaine á Ouagadougou." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 13, no. 2 (1988): 77-98. tables. SUBJECTS: Import policy, Consumption pattern, Poverty, Urbanization, Food policy. KEYWORDS: food imports; rice. Reviews African government policies of importing food. States that urbanization is an important factor in rising rice consumption but that the wealth or poverty of a family is more of a determinant. Argues that both rich and poor households consume more rice and that the poor do so because rice is quicker to prepare. 4218 VengrofT, Richard. "Administration of rural development: The role of extension agents in Upper Volta and Zaire." African Studies Association Papers 25, no. 118 (November 1982): 1-25. tables. ALSO COVERS: Zaire. SUBJECTS: Livestock production, Resource distribution, Technical training, Agricultural extension service, Income inequality. 4219 Wilcock, David, and Kifle Negash. "Food crisis in the Sahel: A case study of agricultural development in eastern Upper Volta." African Studies Association Papers 26, no. 139 (December 1983): 1-23. biblio. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Economic dependency, Agricultural extension service, Technical assistance, Agricultural technology, Decentralization. KEYWORDS: dryland farming; animal traction. SEE ALSO 4602, 5746, 7297.

4212 Saul, Mahir. "Money and land tenure as factors in farm size differentiation in Burkina Faso." In: Land and Society in Contemporary Africa, edited by R. E. Downs and S. P. Reyna. Hanover, New Hampshire: University Press of New England, 1988. 243-279 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Commercial agriculture, Land tenure system, Labor migration. KEYWORDS: fruit tree plantations. Presents evidence of increasing differentiation in the scale of farming, resulting in the emergence of a stratum of large commercial farm operators. Discusses indigenous land tenure system; argues that the commercial agriculture subsector is gaining strength in Burkina Faso without altering the features of the old land tenure system. 4213 Sherman, Jacqueline R. Grain Marketing Decisions of Subsistence Farmers in Burkina Faso. Ann Arbor, Michigan: Center for Research on Economic Development, 1984. 29 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural marketing, Household economy, Peasant society, Subsistence farming. KEYWORDS: Manga, Burkina Faso; grain.

Class

4220 Reyna, S. P. "Dual class formation and agrarian underdevelopment: An analysis of the articulation of production relations in Upper Volta." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 17, no. 2 (1983): 211-233. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Foreign aid policy, Class analysis, Neocolonialism, Class formation, Underdevelopment. KEYWORDS: core-periphery relations; A W (Autorité des Aménagements des Vallées de la Volta). SEE ALSO 328.

BURKINA F A S O / G e n e r a l

Colonialism

4221 Traoré, B. "Peut-on être coopérant et intelligent? L'Exemple de Françoise Lieutier en Haute Volta." Peuples noirs; peuples africains A, no. 20 (March/April 1981): 97-132. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Cultural policy, Colonialism, Decolonization, Neocolonialism, Education policy. KEYWORDS: Senghor, Léopold Sédar; Lieutier, Françoise.

Economics

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analysis. KEYWORDS: spatial analysis; Mossi people; Yatenga, Burkina Faso. 4227 Wright, Peter, and Edouard G. Bonkoungou. "Soil and water conservation as a starting point for rural forestry : The OXFAM project in Ouahigouya, Burkina Faso." Rural Africana no. 23/24 (Fall 1985/Winter 1986): 79-86. SUBJECTS: Forestry industry, Environmental degradation, Environmental analysis, Project design. KEYWORDS: soil conservation; water conservation; Microcatchment Project, Yatenga Region, Burkina Faso; agroforestry; OXFAM. Examines the OXFAM Microcatchment Project in the Yatenga region of Burkina Faso, designed to reverse land degradation and improve food production through agroforestry and water conservation by local farmers. SEE ALSO 15027, 15029.

4222 Brittain, Victoria. "Introduction to Sankara and Burkina Faso." Review of African Political Economy 32 (April 1985): 39-47. SUBJECTS : Foreign exchange, Imperialism, Neocolonialism, Coup d'état, Economic dependency, Foreign aid, Drought. KEYWORDS: CNR (Conseil National de la Révolution); Sankara, Thomas. 4223 Sawadogo, Filiga Michel. "Le Traitement fiscal inégalitaire des entreprises au Burkina: le cas de l'imposition des bénéfices." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 239/240 (1985): 54-68. SUBJECTS: Taxation policy, Business administration, Fiscal policy, Capital formation, Entrepreneurship, Small business. 4224 Wackermann, Gabriel. "Enclavement et mobilité en Afrique Occidentale: l'exemple duBurkinaFaso." Afrique contemporaine 140 (October/December 1986): 24-39. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Trade relations, Finance. KEYWORDS: landlocked countries. Discusses the difficulties and the problems of communication and trade for African countries that are landlocked.

Foreign Relations

4228 Kafando, Talata. "Coopération arabo-burkinabé: bilan et perspectives." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 11, no. 2/3 (1986): 191-212. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign aid, Foreign investment. KEYWORDS: Arab-Burkina Faso relations; BADEA (Banque Arabe pour le Développement Economique en Afrique); RDP (Révolution Démocratique Populaire); coreperiphery relations. Assesses relations between Burkina Faso and the Arab world. Asserts that the economic and cultural relations that existed long before colonialization have beome increasingly important due to the present economic circumstances. Compares the public transfer that the Arab world is giving to Burkina Faso to that given by the West.

SEE ALSO 536, 4947.

General

Education

4229 No Author. "Mémorandum sur les événements du 15 octobre 1987." Politique africaine no. 33 (March 1989): 75-88. other docs. SUBJECTS: Coup d'état, Literature review. KEYWORDS: Sankara, Thomas; CNR (Comité de Défense de la Révolution); Compaoré, Biaise. Reviews "Memorandum," which addresses the final days of the Sankara regime in Burkina Faso. Examines the policies that placed the regime in peril and the attitudes of the principal actors in the violent transition.

4225 PECTA (Programme des Emplois et des Compétences Techniques pour l'Afrique). Emploi et formation en Haute-Volta: méthodes d'observation et de prévision: rapport soumis au gouvernement de la Haute-Volta par une mission d'assistance technique du PECTA. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Bureau International du Travail, 1983. 142 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Employment, Technical training, Education system, Human resources development. KEYWORDS: ONPE (Office National de la Promotion de l'Emploi); CNSS (Caisse Nationale de Sécurité Sociale).

4230 André, F. Financement extérieur et politique de santé: le cas de la Haute-Volta. Clermont-Ferrand, France: Université de Clermont I, 1982. 570 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Budget policy, Health care policy, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: Burkina Faso Ministry of Public Health.

SEE ALSO 4329,7318.

Environment

4226 Marchai, Jean-Yves. Yatenga, Nord Haute Volta: la dynamique d'un espace rural soudano-sahelien. Paris: ORSTOM, 1983. 873 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Land-use policy, Desertification, Agricultural policy, Rural planning policy, Migration, Ecological

4231 Dupré, Georges, and Dominique Guillaud. "L'Agriculture de 1'Aribinda (Burkina Faso) de 1875 à 1983: les dimensions du changement." Cahiers des sciences humaines 24, no. 1 (1988): 51-71. tables. SUBJECTS: Social change, Agricultural technology, Rural population, Land-use policy, Agricultural production. KEYWORDS : Aribinda District, Burkina Faso. Analyzes agrarian change in a district and town of Burkina Faso during the past century. Touches on issues of innovation, culture, and production techniques. 4232 Finnegan, Gregory A., and Christopher L. Delgado. "Cachez

272

• BURKINA F A S O / G e n e r a l

la vache: Mossi cattle, Fulbe keepers, and the maintenance of ethnicity." In: Image and Reality in African Interethnic Relations: The Fulbe and Their Neighbors, edited by Mario D. Zamora et al. Williamsburg, Virginia: Department of Anthropology, College of William and Mary, 1981. 31-50 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Ethnicity, Livestock production, Economic relations. KEYWORDS: Mossi people; Fulbe people; ethnic relations. 4233 Gerard, Bertrand. "L'Enfant et la hâche." Cahiers des sciences humaines 21, no. 2/3 (1985): 237-242. SUBJECTS: Traditional society, Social change, Nation-building, Migration pattern, Islamic society, Drought. KEYWORDS: chieftaincy. 4234 Guengant, P. P. "Etude des enjeux des aménagements hydrauliques dans l'ouest du Burkina Faso ou comment les modèles culturels des ONG conduisent les paysans à jouer au jeu de l'oie." In: L'Eau: quels enjeux pour les sociétés rurales, edited by Dominique Desjeux. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1985. 106-130 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Nongovernmental organization, Water supply, Village development, Drought. KEYWORDS: Mossi people; Tiogo, Burkina Faso. 4235 Hannequin, Brigitte. "Etat, patriarcat et développement: le cas d'un village mossi du Burkina Faso." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 24, no. 1 (1990): 36-49. biblio. SUBJECTS: Village development, Sex role, Traditional society. KEYWORDS: Mossi people; UNESCO. Analyzes the structure and operation of a village group established in 1980 and sheds light on the imposition of a state control and management system. Claims this system is monopolized by the males in the group, thus perpetuating the patriarchal nature of Mossi society. Questions the limited autonomy gained by women participants in the program. 4236 Kabeya, Charles. "Evolution et rôle des syndicats au Burkina Faso ."Présence africaine 142(1987): 130-147. SUBJECTS: Political opposition, Trade union, Labor force. KEYWORDS: CNR (Conseil National de la Révolution); CDR (Comité de Défense de la Révolution); pluralism. Examines the Burkina Faso trade unions from a sociological point of view and traces the history of unions in Burkina. Concludes that the unions have become a much stronger social and political force than in other African countries. 4237 Kabeya-Muase, Charles. "Un Pouvoir des travailleurs peut-il être contre les syndicats?" Politique africaine no. 33 (March 1989): 51-58. SUBJECTS: Labor union, Political power, Political opposition. KEYWORDS: CNR (Conseil National de la Révolution); SNEAHV (Syndicat National des Enseignants Africains de Haute-Volta); Sankara, Thomas. Examines opposition to the CNR in the form of labor unions during the Sankara regime in Burkina Faso. Examines the case of the SNEAHV in particular and that of the whole labor movement in general. 4238 Kafandi, Talata. "Burkina Faso: August 1983—the beginning of delinking?" In: Adjustment or Delinking? The African Experience, edited by Azzam Mahjoub. Tokyo, Japan: UN University Press, 1990. 109-130 pp. SUBJECTS: Revolutionary movement, International e c o n o m i c r e l a t i o n s , Traditional authority, Trade union. KEYWORDS: Burkina Faso coup d'état 1983; Popular Development Programme 1984-1985. Examines the failure of colonial and neocolonial development policies. Notes the importance of traditional authorities and trade unions, as well as Arab-Burkinabé relations. Reviews the efforts to delink under Thomas Sankara. 4239 Labazée, Pascal. "Une Nouvelle phase de la révolution au Burkina Faso." Politique africaine no. 24 (December 1986): 114-120.

ALSO COVERS: Mali. SUBJECTS: Border conflict, Social development policy, Development planning, Revolutionary movement. KEYWORDS: Sankara, Thomas; CNR (Conseil National de la Révolution); CDR (Comité de Défense de la Révolution). Addresses the border war between Mali and Burkina Faso, which created a schism in the Burkina's ruling CNR. States that in Burkina Faso, the ruling party began to play a more active role in the CDR, with the spontaneous village-level political and social organizations emerging out of the revolution. 4240 Lesselingue, Pierre. "Adolescents du Burkina Faso." Cahiers des sciences humaines 21, no. 2/3 (1985): 343-346. tables. SUBJECTS: Youth issues, Migration pattern. KEYWORDS: apprenticeship; Mossi people. 4241 Marchai, Jean-Yves. "En Afrique des savanes, le fractionnement des unités d'exploitation rurales ou le chacun pour soi: l'exemple des Moose du Burkina Faso." Cahiers des sciences humaines 23, no. 3/4 (1987): 445-454. SUBJECTS: Household economy, Migration pattern, Agricultural production. KEYWORDS: savannah; Mossi people. Discusses the divisions among farmers in Burkina Faso, resulting from the division of land into small plots. Utilizes examples from the rural Moose people. 4242 Marchai, Jean-Yves. "Lorsque l'outil ne compte plus: techniques agraires et entités sociales au Yatenga." Cahiers des sciences humaines 20, no. 3/4 (1984): 461-469. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural technology, Land-use policy, Natural resource management, Agricultural production. KEYWORDS: Mossi people; Yatenga Region, Burkina Faso; soil analysis. 4243 Martin, Guy. "Retour au Burkina Faso: la deuxième mort de Thomas Sankara." Peuples noirs; peuples africains 11, no. 63-66 (May/December 1988): 325-333. SUBJECTS: Revolutionary movement, Personalized leadership. KEYWORDS: Sankara, Thomas; Otayek, René. Reexamines the promise and the reality of the Sankara revolution and regime. Looks at attempts to deconstruct the myth of Sankara by placing his ideas in the intellectual framework of Otayek's article in the March 1989 issue of Politique Africaine. 4244 Mason, Kathryn F. "Co-wife relationships can be amicable as well as conflictual: The case of the Mossi of Burkina Faso." Canadian Journal ofAfrican Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 22, no. 3 (1988): 615-624. biblio. SUBJECTS: Marriage, Women's studies, Behavioral analysis. KEYWORDS: polygyny; Mossi people. States that companionship, cooordination, and sharing are positive aspects of the polygynous system of Mossi families; pogtaare, or conflictual aspects of cowife relations, includes teasing and overtly hostile behaviors. Holds that most cowife behavior is not completely or primarily conflictual. 4245 Otayek, René. "Le Changement politique et constitutionnel en Haute-Volta." Année africaine (1983): 86-106. SUBJECTS: Constitution, Coup d'état, Political change, Revolutionary movement. KEYWORDS: CNR (Conseil National de la Révolution); Sankara, Thomas; CMRPN (Comité Militaire de Redressement pour le Progrès National); CSP (Conseil de Salut du Peuple). 4246 Ouali, Kamadini. "La Dépendance en héritage au Burkina Faso: l'économie avant la révolution." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 11, no. 1 (1986): 5-46. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Agricultural sector, Industrial sector, Foreign capital, Dependency theory. KEYWORDS: CFA (Communauté Financière Africaine). Assesses the problem of dependency in Burkina Faso before Thomas Sankara. Proposes some methods that can implement

BURKINA FASO/Health strategies to counterdependency. 4247 Préault, Paul. "Un Exemple de début d'organisation paysanne dans la région de la Bougouriba." In: Les Politiques de l'eau en Afrique: développement agricole et participation paysanne, edited by Gérard Conac, Claudette Savonnet-Guyot, and Françoise Conac. Paris: Economica, 1985. 300-314 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural policy, Rural development, Case study, Socioeconomic analysis. KEYWORDS: Bougouriba Region, Burkina Faso; ORD (Organisme Régional de Développement); peasant participation. 4248 Queneudec, Jean-Pierre. "Le Règlement du différend frontalier Burkina/Mali par la cour internationale de justice." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 42, no. 1 (January/February 1988): 29-41. ALSO COVERS: Mali. SUBJECTS: International relations, Border conflict, International law. KEYWORDS: OAU; International Court of Justice. States that in December 1986, the World Court was asked to resolve the border conflict between Burkina Faso and Mali. Examines the litigation strategy of both parties in presenting their respective cases. 4249 Reyna, Stephen P. "Donor investment preference, class formation, and existential development: Articulation of production relations in Burkina Faso." In: Anthropology and Rural Development in West Africa, edited by Michael M. Horowitz and Thomas M. Painter. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1986.223-247 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign investment, Class formation, Rural development. K E Y W O R D S : a r t i c u l a t i o n t h e o r y ; A W ( A u t o r i t é des Aménagements des Vallées de la Volta); existential development; donor agency. Addresses the role of donor agencies in class formation in Burkina Faso. Describes donors' preferences for development in river valley areas and interior areas, preferences that have clear implications for class development. Examines elites and bureaucratic gentry. Defines existential development.

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Countries of Africa: Structural Problems and Development Crisis, edited by the German Development Institute. Berlin, West Germany: German Development Institute, 1982. 143-162 pp. SUBJECTS: Socioeconomic analysis, Development policy, Development financing. 4254 Singh, Ram D., and Mathew J. Morey. "The value of work-athome and contributions of wives' household service in polygynous families: Evidence from an African LDC." Economic Development and Cultural Change 35, no. 4 (July 1987): 743-765. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Women's economic role, Household economy. KEYWORDS: Gronau model. Using data gathered from household surveys in rural Burkina Faso, evaluates the economic contributions, or the dollar value, of farm wives working at home. Attempts to estimate the work-at-home function and the marginal productivity equation by feeding data into a model of home production inspired by R. Gronau. 4255 Vincent, Fernand. "Comment accroître la participation des ONG au niveau local." In: L'Identité associative en Afrique et la participation des ONG au développement en vue d'un nouvel ordre mondial: Actes du Colloque UAI, 1984, edited by Paul Ghils. Brussels, Belgium: UAI, 1984. 130-133 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Cooperatives, Traditional society, Rural development. KEYWORDS: traditional association. 4256 Wilkins, Michael. "The death of Thomas Sankara and the rectification of the people's revolution in Burkina Faso." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 88, no. 352 (July 1989): 375-388. SUBJECTS: Leadership analysis, Revolutionary movement. KEYWORDS: Sankara, Thomas; Compaoré, Blaise. Analyzes the leadership of Thomas Sankara, his "popular revolution," and his personal stand against corruption. Asks whether current leader Blaise Compaoré will restore, as promised, the revolutionary direction of the country. Concludes that he will not. SEE ALSO 1595, 1949,4975, 15062, 15531.

4250 Sanders, John H., Joseph G. Nagy, and Sunder Ramaswamy. "Developing new agricultural technologies for the Sahelian countries: The Burkina Faso case." Economic Development and Cultural Change 39, no. 1 (October 1990): 1-22. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural technology, Environmental degradation, Population growth. KEYWORDS : Yatenga, Burkina Faso; Central Plateau, Burkina Faso. Offers alternative strategies for developing agriculture in the Sahel. Develops a new theory of technological development for agriculture given increasing population pressure and resource degradation. Assesses the effects of new technology on farmer income. Makes recommendations. 4251 Sawadogo, Filiga Michel. "La Participation des travailleurs dans les entreprises publiques Burkinabé." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique 95, no. 786/787 (January/June 1985): 199-218. tables. SUBJECTS: State-owned enterprise, Public sector, Labor union, Management. KEYWORDS: SEM (Société d'Economie Mixte); CDR (Comité de Défense de la Révolution); worker self-management; EPIC (Etablissement Public à Caractère Industriel et Commercial) ; SE (Société de l'Etat). 4252 Sawadogo, Michel F., and Larba Yarga. "Les Tribunaux populaires de la révolution (TPR) en Haute Volta." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique 94, no. 785 (July/September 1984): 267-283. other docs. SUBJECTS: Judicial system, Revolutionary movement, Defense policy. KEYWORDS: CNR (Conseil National de la Révolution); CSP (Conseil de Salut du Peuple); CDR (Comité de Défense de la Révolution); people's courts. 4253 Schneider-Barthold, Wolfgang. 'The development of Upper Volta: Potential, obstacles, objectives and requirements." In: Poor

Health

4257 Cros, Michèle. Anthropologie du sang en Afrique: essai d'hématologie symbolique chez les Lobi de Burkina Faso et de Côte d'Ivoire. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1990.297 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Côte d'Ivoire. SUBJECTS: Anthropological analysis, Traditional society, Traditional medicine, Fertility. KEYWORDS: Lobi people. Provides an insightful anthropological analysis of the symbolic meaning of hematology among Lobi people living in the southwest of Burkina Faso and the northeast of Côte d'Ivoire. Examines the significance of the use and the role of blood in traditional medicine, health and disease, fertility, and power struggles. 4258 Frank, Odile, and Mathias Dakuyo. Child Survival in SubSaharan Africa: Structural Means and Individual Capacity (a Case Study in Burkina Faso). New York: Population Council, 1985.76 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Water supply, Infant mortality, Sanitation, Public health. KEYWORDS: Population Council. 4259 Merkle, Alfred. Cost of Health for All: A Feasibility Study from Upper Volta. Eschborn, West Germany: GTZ (German Agency for Technical Cooperation), 1981. 101 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Development planning, Rural development, Health care policy, Family planning. KEYWORDS: Burkina Faso National Health Care Plan 1980-1990; Gaoua, Burkina Faso.

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SEE ALSO 7362.

Household and Family

4260 de Rouville, Cécile. Organisation sociale des Lobi: une société bilinéaire du Burkina Faso et de Côte d'Ivoire. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1987. 259 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Côte d'Ivoire. SUBJECTS: Anthropological analysis, Traditional authority, Family, Socioeconomic analysis, Marriage. KEYWORDS: Lobi people. Presents the social organization of the Lobi people in Burkina Faso and the Côte d'Ivoire. Claims the Lobi have no formal state government beyond the interaction of patrilineal and matrilineal clans and that the father is the sole source of social authority. Examines various cults that are intended to enforce social cohesion and order through supernatural sanctions. 4261 Sawadogo, Filiga Michel. "Le Nouveau Code Burkinabé de la famille: principes essentiels et perspectives d'application." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 44, no. 3 (October/December 1990): 373-406. SUBJECTS: Family, Legal system, Marriage. KEYWORDS: family law; Code des Personnes et de la Famille. Analyzes the Burkinabé Code of People and Families in three parts: the physical identification and recognition of people by the state; the family in terms of marriage, divorce, and children; and legal conflicts therefrom.

Industry

4262 Savadogo, Boukary. Contribution à l'étude des styles de management en Afrique: le cas du Burkina Faso. Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: Université de Ouagadougou, CEDRES, 1986. 183 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Industrial sector, Management, Business administration, Economic management, Industrial policy, Behavioral analysis. Analyzes management theories written by or for Africans and how such theories apply to the African management style. Presents a history of classical management theory as well as a study of current management procedures in the African context. SEE ALSO 15169.

Labor

4263 Gregory, Joel W., Dennis D. Cordell, and Victor Piché. "La Mobilisation de la main-d'oeuvre burkinabé, 1900-1974: une vision retrospective." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 23, no. 1 (1989): 73-105. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Labor migration, Colonialism, Historical analysis, Labor market. KEYWORDS : National Inquiry on Migration, 1974-75. Re-creates the history of Burkinabé migration since 1900 from the retrospective of information collected within the context of a national inquiry on migration in Burkina Faso. Claims that out-migration was left out of the 1974-1975 inquiry, although it was well represented in colonial reports.

4264 Kabeya-Muase, Charles. Syndicalisme et démocratie en Afrique Noire: l'expérience du Burkina Faso (1936-1988). Paris: Karthala, 1989. 252 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Labor union, Labor strike, Political parties, Colonialism, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: UDV-RDA (Union Démocratique Voltaïque-Rassemblement Démocratique Africain); CSV (Confération Syndicale Voltaïque); CMRPN (Comité Militaire de Redressement pour le Progrès National); CSP (Conseil de Salut du Peuple); CNR (Conseil National de la Révolution). Draws on historical accounts to explore the origins and role in politics of labor unions in Burkina Faso. Gives an extended description of the different labor union organizations, from colonial times to the independence era.

Legal System

4265 Delouvroy, Jacques. "Le Développement du droit judiciaire au Burkina Faso." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 41, no. 3 (July/September 1987): 228-244. SUBJECTS: Traditional political system, Legal development, Judicial system, C o l o n i a l i s m . K E Y W O R D S : C N R (Conseil N a t i o n a l de la Révolution); CDR (Comité de Défense de la Révolution); Sankara, Thomas. Examines both the positive and the negative impacts that development can have on the judicial process through a case study of Burkina Faso. 4266 Meyer, M. P. "La Structure dualiste du droit au Burkina: problèmes et perspectives." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique 96, no. 790/791 (January/July 1986): 77-89. SUBJECTS: Traditional legal system, Judicial system, Conflict resolution. Examines how written and customary law work together in Burkina Faso for conflict resolution. Puts forth problems evoked by this dual legal system. 4267 Meyer, Pierre. "Burkina Faso: une nouvelle forme de justice à l'essai." Afrique contemporaine 156, no. 4 (1990): 51-56. SUBJECTS: Judicial system, Legal reform. K E Y W O R D S : TPR (Tribunaux Populaires de la Révolution). Looks at severe post-1983 transformations in the judicial system imposed by the state. Claims the state goals were designed with an aim toward destroying the preceding judicial system and replacing it with another. Examines the extent to which this has occurred. 4268 Nikiema, Aimé, and Salif Yonaba. "L'Organisation judiciaire au Burkina Faso et le destin de la chambre constitutionnelle." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique 96, no. 791 (July/October 1986): 287-301. SUBJECTS: Legal system, Judicial system, Constitutional law. States that all nations need a judicial organization with a sophisticated relationship to the political, economic, and social forces of the country. Examines Burkina's "chambre constitutionnelle" ¡as such a body.

Migration

4269 Boutillier, Jean-Louis, André Quesnel, and Jacques Vaugelade. "La Migration de la jeunesse de Burkina." Cahiers des sciences humaines 21, no. 2/3 (1985): 243-249. tables. ALSO COVERS: Côte d'Ivoire. SUBJECTS: Social change, Migration pattern, Youth issues,

BURKINA F A S O / P o l i t i c s • 2 7 5

Agricultural sector, Migration. KEYWORDS: social structure. 4270 Coulibaly, Sidiki P. " M i g r a t i o n s internationales et développement: le cas de la Haute Volta." In: Population et développement en Afrique, edited by Hédi Jemai. Dakar, Senegal: CODESRIA, 1987. 203-248 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Migration, Development policy, Labor policy, Monetary policy, Migration pattern. KEYWORDS: immigration. Examines migration patterns in Burkina Faso. Cites several studies and demographic analyses conducted in Burkina Faso in order to analyze the causes and extent of emigration. Claims that the ensemble of those studies permits readers to see a picture of the role of migration in the life of Burkina Faso's citizens. SEE ALSO 2399.

Military Affairs

4271 Jouffrey, Roger. 'Thomas Sankara et la révolution voltaïque." Afrique contemporaine 130 (April/June 1984): 44-53. SUBJECTS: Coup d'état, Insurgency. KEYWORDS: Sankara, Thomas; CDR (Comité de Défense de la Révolution); CNR (Conseil National de la Révolution). 4272 Ladipo, R. O. "Conflict management in the West African sub-region: The case of the war between Burkina Faso and Mali." Nigerian Journal of Political Science 5, no. 1/2 (1987): 58-72. tables. ALSO COVERS: Mali, Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Crisis management, Armed conflict, Conflict resolution, Diplomatic relations, Regional cooperation. KEYWORDS: Sankara, Thomas; Traore, Moussa; UMOA; Mali-Burkina Faso War 1985; Nigeria-Mali relations. Describes the events leading up to the December 1985 war between Mali and Burkina Faso. Also addresses the success of regional diplomatic efforts to end the war and the reason why such efforts by Nigeria were ineffective.

Politics

4273 Bamoni, B. P. "L'Evolution politique de la Haute Volta." Peuples noirs;peuples africains 6, no. 34 (July/August 1983): 53-74. SUBJECTS: Political development, Colonialism, Religion, Democracy, Political independence, Civilian government, Military government. 4274 Bienen, Henry. "Populist military regimes in West Africa." In: The Military in African Politics, edited by John W. Harbeson. New York: Praeger, 1987. 47-65 pp. ALSO COVERS: Liberia, Ghana. SUBJECTS: Coup d'état, Military government, Ideological conflict, Populism, Corruption, Defense policy. KEYWORDS: populist military regime; Sankara, Thomas; Rawlings, Jerry J.; Doe, Samuel Kanyon. Identifies the populist military coups held in Burkina Faso by Sankara, in Ghana by Rawlings, and in Liberia by Doe. States that these leaders sought to address postindependence national decay and that for this, Rawlings and Sankara acquired heroic images as slayers of the corruption dragon. 4275 Cherlonneix, Bernard. "La Voie burkinabé vers le socialisme." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 247/248 (1986): 4-14. tables. SUBJECTS: Political ideol-

ogy, Development planning, Food policy, Revolutionary movement, Socialist government. KEYWORDS: Sankara, Thomas; CNR (Conseil National de la Révolution); CDR (Comité de Défense de la Révolution); reforestation. Reviews the economic problems of Burkina Faso and offers predictions for Sankara's approach to government. 4276 Dacher, Michèle. "Société lignagère et état: les Goin du BurkinaFaso." Genève AfriquelGenevaAfrica25, no. 1 (1987): 43-58. maps. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Traditional political system, Traditional society, State formation, Colonialism, Development policy. KEYWORDS: Goin people. Examines the integration of traditional structures into the modern state and the national economy through a case study of the Goin in southern Burkina Faso. 4277 D u v a l , Maurice. Un Totalitarisme sans état: essai d'anthropologie politique à partir d'un village burkinabé. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1985. 183 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Traditional society, Traditional authority, Capitalism, Traditional religion. KEYWORDS: Bouyounou, Burkina Faso; Kwere, Burkina Faso. 4278 Englebert, Pierre. La Révolution burkinabé. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1986. 264 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Coup d'état, Military government, Marxism-Leninism, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: CNR (Conseil National de la Révolution); Sankara, Thomas; CDR (Comité de Défense de la Révolution); France-Burkina Faso relations. Recounts Thomas Sankara's rise to power by presenting a historical overview from independence to the mid-1980s. Examines the political philosophies of Sankara and the CNR. Addresses the effect of the CNR on Burkinabé society and on foreign relations. 4279 Gerard, Bertrand. "Nous, les Kurumba, nous sommes des gens à problèmes: ce que nous avons trouvé, nous ne pouvons pas le laisser." Cahiers des sciences humaines 21, no. 1 (1985): 35-42. tables. SUBJECTS : Traditional society, Traditional political system, Political culture. KEYWORDS: Yatenga people; Lurum people; Mossi people; Kurumba people. 4280 Gruenais, Marc-Eric. "Du Bon usage de l'autochtonie." Cahiers des sciences humaines 21, no. 1 (1985): 19-24. SUBJECTS: Political parties, Colonialism, Traditional society, Traditional political system. KEYWORDS: Mossi people; earth priesthood. 4281 Hutchful, Eboe. "New elements in militarism: Ethiopia, Ghana and Burkina." International Journal 41, no. 4 (Autumn 1986): 802830. ALSO COVERS: Ethiopia, Ghana. SUBJECTS: Populism, Military government. KEYWORDS: transitional government; civilmilitary relations. Identifies new elements in the political and ideological character of militarism in Africa. Notes the differences in many military regimes since 1974 due to a new strata of officers and the military's altered relationship to civilians. Concludes that Ethiopia's Soviet-style revolution is unlikely to be exported. 4282 Jaffré, Bruno. Burkina Faso: les années Sankara: de la révolution à la rectification. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1989. 332 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS : Personalized leadership, Nationalist movement, Revolutionary movement, Coup d'état, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: Sankara, Thomas. Addresses the political, social, and economic issues and changes that occurred during the years of Sankara's revolution in Burkina Faso. Explores the reasons and causes leading to the coup that overturned Sankara and the aftermath of the coup. 4283 Labazée, Pascal. "Discours et côntrole politique: les avatars du

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Sankarisme." Politique africaine no. 33 (March 1989): 11-26. tables. SUBJECTS: Political power, Political ideology, Personalized leadership, Revolutionary movement. KEYWORDS: CNR (Conseil National de la Révolution); CDR (Comité de Défense de la Révolution); Sankara, Thomas. Examines the revolutionary political discourse and control by the Sankara regime in Burkina Faso. Analyzes the operation of political rhetoric and ideology and the revolutionary fervor of politics in Burkina under Sankara. 4284 Martin, Guy. "Démocratie révolutionnaire, conflits sociopolitiques et pouvoir militaire au Burkina Faso, 1983-1988." Labour, Capital and Society/Travail, capital et société 23, no. 1 (April 1990): 38-68. biblio. SUBJECTS: Democratization, Military government, Revolutionary movement, Political change. KEYWORDS: Sankara, Thomas. Contributes to the current debate on the perspective for democracy and the role of the army in the process of political and socioeconomic change in Africa. Analyzes the revolutionary process in Burkina Faso under the direction of Thomas Sankara after the 1983 coup. Examines the nature of revolution and evaluates the degree of democracy and popular participation in such movements. 4285 Martin, Guy. "Idéologie et praxis dans la révolution du 4 août 1983 au Burkina Faso." Genève Afrique/Geneva Africa 24, no. 1 (1986): 35-62. tables. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Military government, Revolutionary movement, Economic development. KEYWORDS: CSP (Conseil de Salut du Peuple); Sankara, Thomas; CNR (Conseil National de la Révolution); CDR (Comité de Défense de la Révolution). Examines the ideological basis for Thomas Sankara's government in Burkina Faso and the implications for the social and economic organization of the country. Assesses Sankara's ability to maintain power and popularity by fusing civil and military forces within the Burkina political structure. 4286 Martin, Guy. "Ideology and praxis in Thomas Sankara's populist revolution of 4 August 1983." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 15 (1987): 77-90. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Populism, Reform, Grassroots movement. KEYWORDS: CNR (Conseil National de la Révolution). Discusses the temporary success of Sankara's government due to mobilization of genuine popular support, focus of the policies on satisfying the basic needs of the populace, and the establishment of a broad-based military and civil defense system. 4287 Martin, Guy. "Ideology and praxis in Thomas Sankara's populist revolution of 4 August 1983 in Burkina Faso." African Studies Association Papers 28, no. 80 (November 1985): 1-22. biblio. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Coup d'état, Imperialism, Nationalism, Pan-Africanism, Economic development. KEYWORDS: CNR (Conseil National de la Révolution); Sankara, Thomas. 4288 Martin, Guy. "Revolutionary democracy, socio-political conflict and militarization in Burkina Faso, 1983-1988." In: Democracy and the One-Party State in Africa, edited by Peter Meyns and Dani Wadada Nabudere. Hamburg, West Germany: Institut für AfrikaKunde, 1989. 57-77 pp. SUBJECTS: Democracy, Political theory, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: militarization; Sankara, Thomas; Compaoré, Blaise; sociopolitical analysis. Deals with the rule of Thomas Sankara as a form of populist rule. Sees the government of Compaoré consolidating its power by reverting to the old neocolonial alliances. 4289 Otayek, René. "Burkina Faso 'Quand le tambour change de

rythme, il est indispensable que les danseurs changent de pas.'" Politique africaine no. 28 (December 1987): 116-123. SUBJECTS: Leadership analysis, Coup d'état, Government analysis, Revolutionary movement. KEYWORDS: Sankara, Thomas; CNR (Conseil National de la Révolution); Compaoré, Blaise. Examines the political implications of the palace coup in Burkina Faso, which toppled Thomas Sankara in 1986. Explores the démythification of Sankara by Blaise Compaoré, Sankara's replacement. Suggests that enthusiasm for the Sankara revolution did not last long because Sankara was unable to improve the quality of life. 4290 Otayek, René. "Burkina Faso: Between feeble state and total state, the swing continues." In: Contemporary West African States, edited by Donal B. Cruise O' Brien, John Dunn, and Richard Rathbone. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1989. 13-30 pp. SUBJECTS: Political development, Government analysis, Political history. KEYWORDS: CNR (Conseil National de la Révolution); Sankara, Thomas; civil society. Addresses the differences between the CNR state and those that preceded it, examining how it set about imposing its political and social orders. Compares traditional structures with new multiple structures of training and supervision. Questions whether civil society was able, when threatened, to invent new forms of resistance. 4291 Otayek, René. "The revolutionary process in Burkina Faso: Breaks and continuities." In: Military Marxist Regimes in Africa, edited by John Markakis and Michael Waller. London: Frank Cass, 1986. 82-100 pp. SUBJECTS: Military government. KEYWORDS: NCR (National Council of Revolution); Sankara, Thomas; Burkina Faso coup d'état November 7,1982. Identifies the unique characteristics of the military coup in Burkina Faso in 1982 that set it apart from coups of the 1960s and 1970s. Claims that that military regime is the ideal type of radical military regime. 4292 Ouedraogo, Jean-Baptiste. Le Rôle de l'état dans la libération scientifique et technologique du Burkina Faso. Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: Centre National de la Recherche. Scientifique et Technologique, 1987. 60 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: State power, Capital accumulation, Agrarian reform, Technology transfer, Land reform. KEYWORDS: CNCA (Caisse Nationale de Crédit Agricole); ORD (Organisme Régional de Développement). Studies the role of the state in science and technology in Burkina Faso. Presents the diverse functions of the Burkinabé state with regard to the process of capital accumulation and internationalization. Examines the role played by various government institutions at the levels of politics and ideology. 4293 Savonnet-Guyot, Claudette. Etat et sociétés au Burkina: essai sur la politique africaine. Paris: Karthala, 1986.227 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Ethnie politics, State politics, Traditional society, Political power, National integration, State formation. KEYWORDS: Birifor people; Moose people; Bwa people; Sankara, Thomas. Analyzes the great diversity of Burkinabé society and the effort to unite people within a single nation-state. Studies local traditions according to ethnic group and evaluates the effects of these traditions on the state-building process. 4294 Sawadogo, Filga Michel, and Pierre Meyer. "Le Nouveau code des investissements au Burkina: changement ou continuité." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 40, no. 1/2 (January/June 1986): 63-93. tables. SUBJECTS: Investment policy, Foreign investment, Legal system, Decentralization, Business administration, Government regulation. KEYWORDS: CNR (Conseil National de la Révolution); Burkina Faso investment code 1984. States that in 1984, Burkina Faso drafted a new investment code

BURKINA FASO/Religion

that favored the average Burkinabé business over foreign enterprises. Examines the investment codes and conditions that Burkina had in place before 1984. Explores who benefits from the new investment code. 4295 Skinner, Elliott P. "Sankara and the Burkinabé revolution: Charisma and power, local and external dimensions." The Journal of Modern African Studies 26, no. 3 (September 1988): 437-455. SUBJECTS: Civilian government, Social services, Primary education, Coup d'état, Pan-Africanism, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: Sankara, Thomas; charismatic leadership. Analyzes charisma and power, as well as the constraints found in a global system, preventing new and revolutionary courses of action. Discusses the aims of Sankara's revolution. Concludes that Sankara paid too little attention to the dangers inherent in relative power and the difficulties of routinizing charisma. 4296 Some, Catherine. Haute-Volta: bilan de la politique de "redressement national." Talence, France: Centre d'Etude d'Afrique Noire, 1983. 26 pp. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Democratization, Coup d'état, Military government. KEYWORDS: political liberalization. 4297 Tongun, Lako. "The military and socialism in Africa: A comparative analysis of revolutionary theory and practice in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, and Ghana." African Studies Association Papers 29, no. 101 (October/November 1986): 1-25. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Ethiopia, Ghana. SUBJECTS: Socialism, Marxism-Leninism, Military government, Coup d'état, Populism, Revolutionary movement, Bourgeoisie. KEYWORDS: scientific socialism; destabilization. Assesses the populist radical coup as a new phenomenon in Africa. States that Western opposition to the rising socialist regimes has come in the form of economic and military destabilization. Suggests that all three countries have ingeniously responded to the military threat but are in need of a better economic response. 4298 Yarga, Larba. "La Fin de la IHe République Voltaïque." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 182/183 (1981): 43-51. SUBJECTS: Political opposition, Democratization, Presidential government. KEYWORDS: Parti Démocratique Voltaïque. 4299 Yarga, Larba. "Les Prémisses à l'avènement du Conseil National de la Révolution en Haute Volta." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 213/214 (1983): 24-41. SUBJECTS: Military government, Political independence, State power, Coup d'état, Military government. KEYWORDS: CNR (Conseil National de la Révolution); CSP (Conseil de Salut du Peuple); Sankara, Thomas; Zerbo, Saye. 4300 Ziegler, Jean. Thomas Sankara, un nouveau pouvoir africain. Paris: ABC, 1986. 176 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Political power, G o v e r n m e n t analysis, Personalized leadership, Coup d'état. KEYWORDS: Sankara, Thomas. Presents interviews with and an analysis of Thomas Sankara, examining his military career, rise to power, coup d'état, and leadership. Focuses on the nonaligned policy of Burkina Faso since Sankara took power.

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2, edited by Groupe de Démographie Africaine. Paris: Groupe de Démographie Africaine, 1984.167-178 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Population distribution. KEYWORDS: census.

Private Sector

4302 Treillon, Roland, and Isabelle Gattegno. "Canettes contre calebasses, ou une comparaison économique des filières bière industrielle et bière artisanale au Burkina." In: Nourrir les villes en Afrique sub-saharienne, edited by N. Bricas, G. Courade, J. Coussy, and Ph. Hugon. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1985. 275-292 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Food production, Commercial sector, Informal sector, Case study. KEYWORDS: beer; Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. SEE ALSO 3164, 3169.

Regionalism/Nationalism

4303 Cambrezy, Luc, Philippe Couty, Jean-Yves Marchai, and Claude Raynaut. "La Région, territoire de recherche." In: Le Développement rural en questions: paysages, espaces ruraux, systèmes agraires, edited by C h a n t a i B l a n c - P a m a r d . Paris: L ' O R S T O M , 1984. 123-180 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Senegal, Niger. SUBJECTS: Regional development, Research methodology, Ecological analysis, Socioeconomic analysis, Self-reliance. KEYWORDS: Senegal Valley; Yatenga Department, Burkina Faso; Maradi Department, Niger. 4304 Ernest, Ilboudo K. Les Inégalités de développement régional au Burkina Faso. Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: CEDRES, 1987. 140 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Regional development, Regional planning policy, Agricultural production, Industrial production, Sanitation, Formal education, Mass communication. KEYWORDS: regional inequality. Analyzes the nature of regional disparity in Burkina Faso through a panoply of variables. Surveys statistical information on the development of economic and social institutions, as well as the origins and depth of regional inequality. 4305 Mehretu, Assefa, Robert I. Wittick, and Bruce W. Pigozzi. "Spatial design for basic needs in eastern Upper Volta." The Journal of Developing Areas 17, no. 3 (April 1983): 383-394. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Health service, Regional planning policy, Regional development, Basic needs, Rural development, Project design. KEYWORDS: spatial analysis.

Religion

SEE ALSO 5983, 8148, 14876.

Population

4301 Dakuyo, Noumassi M., and Hamadou Lougue. "Haute Volta." In: L'Evaluation des effectifs de la population des pays africains, Vol.

4306 Boillot, Florence. "Les Communautés chrétiennes de base au Burkina Faso." Politique africaine no. 39 (September 1990): 176-182. SUBJECTS: Christianity, Religion. KEYWORDS: Christian communities. Analyzes the organization and role of Christian communities in Burkina Faso. Emphasizes the powerful political potential of such communities by giving Latin American examples. Claims that such

2 7 8 • BURKINA F A S O / R e l i g i o n potential may also be utilized in Africa.

Rural Development

4307 Tallet, Bernard. "Une Société rurale en mutation: les exploitations agricoles familiales en Haute-Volta." In: Le Développement rural en questions: paysages, espaces ruraux, systèmes agraires, edited by Chantai Blanc-Pamard. Paris: L'ORSTOM, 1984. 389-402 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Socioeconomic analysis, Rural development, Peasant society. KEYWORDS: Bobo people; Mossi people.

JECTS: Urban development, Urban planning policy, Public investment, Local planning policy, Finance policy. Analyzes the urban development and population growth of Ouagadougou and its vicinities. Examines national investment and financial policies as well as the local planning policy undertaken after independence to address the two different programs. 4312 van Dijk, Meine Pieter. Burkina-Faso: le secteur informel de Ouagadougou. Vol. 1 of 2. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1986. 203 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Urban planning policy, Urban development, Rural-urban migration, Traditional society, Women's economic role, Informal sector. KEYWORDS: petty trade. Assesses the lives of people who work in the informal sector and proposes methods to improve their well-being. Addresses theoretical questions pertaining to urbanization and applies them to Ouagadougou.

Socioeconomic Analysis Women and Gender 4308 Augustin, J. P., and Y. K. Drabo. '"Au Sport, citoyens!'" Politique africaine no. 33 (March 1989): 59-65. SUBJECTS: Social development policy. KEYWORDS: CNR (Conseil National de la Révolution); Sankara, Thomas; sports. Examines the health and sports emphasis for the population of the Sankara regime in Burkina Faso. Analyzes policy goals and manifestations. 4309 McMillan, Delia E. 'The social impacts of planned settlement in Burkina Faso." In: Drought and Hunger in Africa: Denying Famine a Future, edited by Michael H. Glantz. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1987. 297-322 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Income distribution, Food production, Cash crop production, Income distribution, Technological development. KEYWORDS: A W (Autorité des Aménagements des Vallées de la Volta). Examines the early history of one of the largest planned settlement schemes that was started in the wake of the 1968-1973 drought. Evaluates the project's performance in achieving its goals for population transfer, food production, and economic development.

Trade

4310 Filippi-Wilhelm, Laurence. "Traders and marketing boards in Upper Volta: Ten years of state intervention in agricultural marketing, 1968-78." In: Marketing Boards in Tropical Africa, edited by Kwame Arhin, Paul Hesp, and Laurens van der Laan. Boston, Massachusetts: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1985.120-148 pp. tables. SUBJECTS : Trade union, National planning policy, Marketing, Trade policy, Trade union. KEYWORDS: Office National des Céréales; Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Syndicat National des Commerçants Voltaïques; Syndicat des Marchands de Mil; Organisme Régional de Développement.

Urban Development

4311 Sissao, C. "Ouagadougou et les centres urbains de BurkinaFaso." In: Les Investissements publics dans les villes africaines (19301980): habitat et transports, edited by Sophie Dulucq and Odile Goerg. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1989. 70-86 pp. tables, other docs. SUB-

4313 Hemmings-Gapihan, Grace. Femmes Gourmantché face au développement: le développement s'adresse-t-il auxfemmes? Dakar, Senegal: Environnement Africain, 1981. 21 pp. biblio, maps. SUBJECTS: Women and development, Women's economic role, Women's studies. KEYWORDS: Gourmantché people. 4314 Hemmings-Gapihan, Grace. "International development and the evolution of women's economic roles: A case study from northern Gulma, Upper Volta." In: Women and Work in Africa, edited by Edna G. Bay. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1982. 171-189 pp. SUBJECTS: Employment opportunity, Women's economic role, Economic development, Women and development, International economic relations, Drought. 4315 Ram, Roti, and Ram D. Singh. "Farm households in rural Burkina Faso: Some evidence on allocative and direct return to schooling, and male-female labor productivity differentials." World Development 16, no. 3 (March 1988): 419-424. SUBJECTS: Household analysis, Higher education, Division of labor, Women's studies. KEYWORDS: traditional agriculture. Assesses both the effect of schooling on productivity and the male-female productivity differentials in a highly traditional farming system. Concludes that the productivity of labor inputs of females appears higher than that of males. 4316 Rohatynskyj, Marta. "Women's virtue and the structure of the Mossi zaka." Canadian Journal of African Studies!Revue canadienne des études africaines 22, no. 3 (1988): 528-551. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Rural population, Sex discrimination. KEYWORDS: Mossi people; zaka. Analyzes variations in the size and composition of the zaka—the basic productive unit among the Mossi. Concludes that women are valued for their labor and as reproducers but that their basic insecurity in social relations derives from an inability to enter into negotiations over the zaka patrimony. 4317 Tarrab, Gilbert, and Chris Coéne. Femmes et pouvoirs au Burkina Faso. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1989.125 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Women's political role, Women and development, Rural development, Health care policy. Draws on a series of television programs on women's role in political power and management in order to explore the relationship between the economic development process and women's role in Burkina Faso. Examines that role in various sectors of economic development, such as health, education, rural development, and the

BURUNDI/Education

family. 4318 Taylor, Ellen. Women Paraprofessionals in Upper Volta' s Rural Development. Ithaca, New York: Center for International Studies, Cornell University, 1981. 56 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS:

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279

Rural development, Women's economic role, Women and development, Education opportunity, Project design. KEYWORDS: women paraprofessionals. SEE ALSO 3600,13124,15304.

BURUNDI Agriculture

4319 Chrétien, J. P., and G. Le Jeune. "Développement rural et démocratie paysanne, un dilemme?" Politique africaine no. 11 (September 1983): 45-76. maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural policy, Agricultural cooperatives, Peasant society. KEYWORDS: UPRONA (Union pour le Progrès National). 4320 Flemal, Jean. La Culture du théier au Burundi. Brussels, Belgium: Administration Générale de la Coopération au Développement, 1986.150 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Ecological analysis, Cash crop production. KEYWORDS: tea. Discusses the technical production and commercialization of the tea crop in Burundi. Highlights the procedures that will aid crop harvesting, leaf processing, and marketing. 4321 G a h a m a , Joseph. " U n e Innovation agricole grandiose: l'exemple de l'aménagement de la plaine de la Rusizi." In: Questions sur la paysannerie au Burundi, edited by Philippe Ntahombaye. Bujumbura, Burundi: Université de Burundi, 1987. 101-120 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Development planning, Agricultural production, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: Rusizi Plain, Burundi; cotton; Société Régionale et Développement de l'Imbo; agricultural innovation. Traces the history of agricultural innovations in the Rusizi area of Burundi. Examines the impact of population growth, colonization, and crop production. 4322 Mertens, A . Contribution à la connaissance des régions naturelles du Burundi: le système traditionel d'exploitation au Bututsi. Bujumbura, Burundi: Institut des Sciences Agronomiques du Burundi, 1984. 116 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Regional development, Agricultural production, Traditional society, Farming system. KEYWORDS: Tutsi people. 4323 Ministère de 1' Information du Burundi. L e i Cultures industrielles du Burundi. Bujumbura, Burundi: Département de la Documentation, 1985. 63 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Cash crop production. KEYWORDS: coffee; tea; cotton. 4324 Mission du Burundi. Catalogue des documents microfilmés par l'équipe CIPEAICRDI. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Centre International pour l'Elevage en Afrique, 1982. 20 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Rwanda. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Agricultural development, Livestock production, Natural resource management. 4325 Ntamobwa, A. "Société rurale et développement: cas du Burundi." In: Questions sur la paysannerie au Burundi, edited by Philippe Ntahombaye. Bujumbura, Burundi: Université du Burundi, 1987. 338-343 pp. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Rural development, Agricultural production, Traditional society, Pastoralism. States that 95 percent of Burundi's population lives in rural areas. Examines the implications of development planning for that sector. Suggests that Burundi's rural population has reacted favorably to the

development projects that have been established throughout the country. 4326 Nyandwi, Nicodème. "Problématique de l'encadrement rural au Burundi." In: Questions sur la paysannerie au Burundi, edited by Philippe Ntahombaye. Bujumbura, Burundi: Université du Burundi, 1987.178-198 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural extension service, Rural development, Agricultural production, Agricultural cooperatives, Smallholder agriculture. States that since the foundation of the second republic, Burundi has witnessed a proliferation of rural development programs. Examines the effect of those programs and extension services on the small-scale farmer. Assesses the cooperative movement and its implications for the lives of small-scale farmers. 4327 Pabanel, Jean-Pierre. "Approches nouvelles des unités rurales: les unités domestiques au Burundi." In: Questions sur la paysannerie au Burundi, edited by Philippe Ntahombaye. Bujumbura, Burundi: Université du Burundi, 1987. 355-363 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Elite analysis, Rural development, Agricultural production, Consumption pattern, Household economy. Suggests that two notions are essential to understanding rural society in Burundi: units of production and agricultural exploitation. Examines rural production and consumption patterns, budgeting, and household relations throughout rural Burundi. 4328 Scott, Gregory J. "La Pomme de terre en Afrique Centrale: une étude sur le Burundi, le Rwanda et le Zaïre." Les Cahiers du CEDAF no. 4/5 (September 1988): 1-235. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Rwanda, Zaire. SUBJECTS: Commercial agriculture, Agricultural production, Consumption pattern, Food policy. KEYWORDS: potatoes. Examines the role that potatoes play in the economies of Burundi, Rwanda, and Zaire. Assesses agricultural production, consumption patterns, and the commercialization of potato production. SEE ALSO 8258, 12776, 12777, 12785, 15367.

Economics

SEE ALSO 668.

Education

4329 Boguo, Makeli. "La Promotion de la langue maternelle en tant qu'instrument de l'éducation et de la culture." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 215/216 (1983): 101-116. ALSO COVERS: Côte d'Ivoire, Burkina Faso.

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SUBJECTS: Education system, Language policy, Ethnicity. 4330 Nahimana, L. "Le Paysan et la formation pour l'auto-promotion: une expérience de l'Inades-Formation Burundi." In: Questions sur la paysannerie au Burundi, edited by Philippe Ntahombaye. Bujumbura, Burundi: Université du Burundi, 1987.161-177 pp. SUBJECTS: Peasant society, Development planning, Agricultural development, Family planning, Technical training, Adult education. KEYWORDS: INADES (Institut Africain pour le Développement Economique et Social). Concentrates on the INADES innovative adult training program called INADES-Formation. Assesses the constraints on adult education and extension work and how INADES attacks those problems. Suggests that INADES ' s methods are original, but that their pedagogy needs improvement.

Environment

4331 Université de Burundi, Faculté des Sciences, ed. Séminaire national sur /' environnement et la gestion rationnelle des écosystèmes naturels. Bujumbura, Burundi: Service des Presses et Publications, 1985. 224 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Natural resource management, Water supply, Environmental degradation, Ecological analysis, Environmental analysis. KEYWORDS: chemicals; erosion; fish culture; pollution. SEE ALSO 12809.

General

4332 Bidou, J. E., and J. C. Calcio-Gaudino. "Mouvement migratoire et la mise en valeur des régions périphériques du Burundi: l'exemple du Busoni (Kirundo)." In: Questions sur la paysannerie au Burundi, edited by Philippe Ntahombaye. Bujumbura, Burundi: Université du Burundi, 1987. 258-278 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Rural population, Migration pattern, Population distribution. KEYWORDS: Gitobe, Burundi; Busonei, Burundi. Examines migration strategies in remote regions of Burundi and their impact on national development. Utilizes as examples Busonei and Gitobe in northeast Burundi and assesses their relations with Rwanda. 4333 Chrétien, Jean-Pierre. "L'Ethnisme au Burundi: tragédies et propagandes." Politique africaine no. 39 (September 1990): 182-189. SUBJECTS: Ethnic politics, Propaganda, Literature review. KEYWORDS: Hutu people; Crisis of 1988; Reyntjens, F. Reviews "Du Bon usage de la science: l'école historique burundo-français," by F. Reyntjens, in which the author blames all of Burundi's difficulties on a school of Burundo-French history. Criticizes Reyntjen's point of view on the basis that more complex indigenous forces are responsible for ethnic crises in Burundi. 4334 Darbon, Dominique. "De l'Ethnie: réflexions autour de quatre sociétés multiraciales: Burundi, Afrique du Sud, Zimbabwé et Nouvelle-Calédonie." Afrique contemporaine 154, no. 2 (1990): 3548. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa, Zimbabwe. SUBJECTS: Sociological analysis, Ethnic politics, Race relations. KEYWORDS: Hutu people.

Examines several physical, cultural, and social distinctions and their relationship with ethnic identification as an element of political struggle. Claims that political elites readily instigate the mobilization of those who recognize themselves in these identities, even if it requires altering their essence and meaning. 4335 Dayer, M. G., L. Niyungeko, and J. Murara. Guide bibliographique sur les aspects socio-économiques de la population avec une référence particulaire au Burundi. Bujumbura, Burundi: Centre Universitaire, 1987. 224 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Literature review, Demographic analysis, Economic development, Bibliography. Provides an overview of population growth both in Africa in general and specifically in Burundi. Examines and catalogs the relevant literature. 4336 Filip, Reyntjens. "Burundi 1972-1988: Continuité et changement." Les Cahiers du CEDAF no. 5 (November 1989): 1-98. other docs. SUBJECTS: Political change, Coup d'état, Historical analysis, Religious politics. KEYWORDS: Micombero, (first name not given—1960s dictator in Burundi); Bagaza, Jean-Baptiste; Buyoya, Pierre; Hutu people; Ntega, Burundi. Traces Burundi's political history and change through three presidential regimes and republics from 1972 to 1988. Examines political repression and genocide in the First Republic, the political evolution and church/state struggle of the Second Republic, and the events of Ntega and Marangara during the Third Republic. Analyzes the successive coups d'état and their consequences. 4337 Gahama, Joseph. "L'Union nationale des étudiants Barundi (U.N.B.E.A.) face à l'évolution politique du Burundi (1960-1967)." In: Le Mouvement associatif des jeunes en Afrique noire francophone au XXe siècle, edited by Hélène d'Almeida-Topor and Odile Georg. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1989. 91-105 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Youth issues, Historical analysis, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: Student organization; UNEBA (Union Nationale des Etudiants Burundi); JRR (Jeunesse Révolutionnaire Rwagasore). Addresses the role of student and youth organizations in the national politics of Burundi. Examines the political and activist roles of such an organization as JRR during the independence movement. 4338 Marchesin, Philippe. "La Politique de villagisation en Afrique de l'Est: étude comparative: Tanzanie, Burundi, Rwanda." In: Les Politiques de l'eau en Afrique: développement agricole et participation paysanne, edited by Gérard Conac, Claudette Savonnet-Guyot, and Françoise Conac. Paris: Economica, 1985. 315-338 pp. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania, Rwanda. SUBJECTS: Rural planning policy, Agricultural development, Water supply, Population policy. KEYWORDS: Ujamaa villages, Tanzania; comparative analysis. 4339 Ndayishimiye, Jean-Pierre. "Géographie et développement rural: les paramètres écologiques de la mise en valeur des régions du Bututsi et de Mugamba-Sud." In: Questions sur la paysannerie au Burundi, edited by Philippe Ntahombaye. Bujumbura, Burundi: Université du Burundi, 1987. 94-100 pp. SUBJECTS: Geographical analysis, Rural development, Regional development, Ecological analysis, Pastoralism. KEYWORDS: agropastoralism; Bututsi Region, Burundi; Mugamba Region, Burundi. Provides an overview of the geographical layout of two regions in Burundi. Assesses implications for agricultural and pastoral development. 4340 Nyambariza, Daniel. Faits et présentes à l'ex-école normale supérieure et à l'Université du Burundi. Bujumbura, Burundi: Université du Burundi, Service des Presses et Publications, 1987. 40 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Traditional society, Historical analysis, Law,

BURUNDI/Rural Development • 2 8 1 Political analysis, Literature review, Bibliography, Religion. KEYWORDS: coffee; medicinal plants. Presents a bibliography covering several subjects in Burundi's recent history. 4341 Nyankiye, Adrien. "Les Droits de l'homme dans l'entreprise au Burundi." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 43, no. 3/4 (July/October 1989): 371-397. SUBJECTS: Civil rights, Labor policy, Law. KEYWORDS: workers' rights; labor relations. Analyzes the development and content of worker's rights legislation in Burundi's private sector. Looks at ideals, protections, conditions, and prolongation of worker's rights in Burundian enterprise. 4342 Standaert, B. "Economic and social determinants of the AIDS epidemic in Burundi." In: AIDS and Associated Cancers in Africa: Second International Symposium, Naples, October 7-9,1987, edited by G. Giraldo. Basel, Switzerland: Karger, 1988. 303-315 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Public health, Economic analysis, Sociological analysis. KEYWORDS: AIDS; cost-benefit analysis. Explains the use of cost-benefit analysis for decision making in the design of an AIDS education campaign in Burundi. Describes the Burundian government organization created to deal with the AIDS issue and outlines its plan of action for AIDS prevention. SEE ALSO 1817, 1949, 4620, 12810.

Human/Civil Rights

4343 Lemarchand, René. "Burundi: The killing fields revisited." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 18, no. 1 (1989): 22-28. SUBJECTS: Human rights, Ethnic conflict, Political violence. KEYWORDS: Hutu-Tutsi conflict 1988; US-Burundi relations; genocide; Hutu people; Tutsi people. Discusses the 1988 ethnically motivated massacre of between 5,000 and 20,000 Hutu people by Tutsi-dominated government forces in Burundi. Addresses both the social impact of the massacre on development efforts and the US congressional response. 4344 US Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Recent Violence in Burundi: What Should Be the US Response ? : Hearing and Markup before the committee on Foreign Affairs and Its Subcommittees on Human International Organizations, and on Africa. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, September 1988. 95 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Human rights, Political violence, Ethnic conflict. KEYWORDS: Hutu people; Tutsi people. Reports on the ethnic violence between the Tutsi and Hutu peoples of the Burundi. Describes the mass exodus of Hutu people seeking refuge in Rwanda from the conflict. Examines the system of minority government that brought about the violence.

Migration

4345 Guichaoua, André. Surpeuplement et stratégies migratoires des paysans au Burundi. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1981. 114 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Migration, Peasant society, Rural-urban migration, Basic needs, Agricultural development, Economic inequality, Labor migration. KEYWORDS: Imbo Plain, Burundi.

Military Affairs

4346 Chrétien, Jean Pierre, André Guichaoua, and Gabriel Le Jeune. "La Crise politico-ethnique du Burundi: l'ombre de 1972." Politique africaine no. 32 (December 1988): 105-110. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Military intervention, Political violence, Ethnie conflict. KEYWORDS: Ikiza people; Tutsi people; Hutu people. Discusses the ethnic conflict that occurred in Burundi in 1988, which culminated with the intervention of the military. States that conciliation was sought between the opposing forces and that representatives of both sides were given representation in the government.

Politics

4347 Nsabimana, Stanislas. "La Notion de pouvoir dans le Burundi traditionnel." In: Le Concept de pouvoir en Afrique, edited by George Hagan. Paris: Presses de l'UNESCO, 1981.107-129 pp. SUBJECTS: Traditional political system, Power politics, Kinship. KEYWORDS: Bashingantahe (nobles). 4348 Sindayigaya, Hubert, Didace Nimpagaritse, Zacharie Ntambwiriza, and Gervais Gatunange. Droit et développement. Bujumbura, Burundi: Université du Burundi, 1984. 102 pp. SUBJECTS: Law, Land reform, Public sector, Social development policy, Women's rights. KEYWORDS: social mobility.

Population

4349 Barandereka, Sylvestre, and Aurel Berciu. "Burundi." In: L'Evaluation des effectifs de la population des pays africains, vol. 2, edited by Groupe de Démographie Africaine. Paris: Groupe de Démographie Africaine, 1984. 43-66 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Population growth. KEYWORDS: census; regional analysis.

Regionalism/Nationalism

4350 Dayer, M. G., ed. Enclavement et sous-développement au Burundi: actes du colloque tenu dans le cadre de la semaine de l'université du 4-10 avril 1981. Bujumbura, Burundi: Université de Burundi, 1981. 448 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic integration, Underdevelopment, Colonialism, Foreign trade, Transportation system, Economic cooperation. KEYWORDS: trade routes.

Rural Development

SEE A L S 0

337

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282

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CAMEROON/Agriculture

CAMEROON Agriculture

4351 Beauvilain, Alain. Nord-Cameroon: crises et peuplement. Vol. 2 of 2. Notre-Dame de Gravenchon: Alain Beauvilain, 1989. 314 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Population distribution, Economic crisis, Political violence, Agricultural production, Livestock production, Migration, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: Mandara Mountains, Cameroon. Examines the problems of economic crisis, political and social violence, demographic growth, and population distribution in Northern Cameroon. Describes the historical and socioeconomic factors underlying the problems. 4352 Boutrais, Jean. "Consommation et production de blé au Cameroun: une difficile indépendance alimentaire." Revue de géographie du Cameroun 3, no. 1 (1982): 67-80. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Consumption pattern, Food production, Self-reliance. KEYWORDS: wheat. 4353 Boutrais, Jean. "Entre nomadisme et sédantarité: les Mbororo à l'Ouest du Cameroun." In: Le Développement rural en questions: paysages, espaces ruraux, systèmes agraires, edited by Chantai BlancPamard. Paris: L'ORSTOM, 1984. 225-256 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Livestock production, Pastoralism, Rural development. KEYWORDS: Fulani people; Bamileke people; Bamenda, Cameroon. 4354 Boutrais, Jean. L'Elevage soudanien: des parcours de savanes au ranchs (Cameroun-Nigéria). Paris: ORSTOM, 1983. 148 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Pastoralism, Livestock production, Rural development, Geographical analysis. KEYWORDS: Bénoué, Chad; Mandara Mountains, Cameroon; Adamaoua Mountains, Central Africa. 4355 Center for Research on Economic Development. Consumption Effects of Agricultural Policies: Cameroon and Senegal. Ann Arbor, Michigan: Center for Research on Economic Development, University of Michigan, 1982. 465 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Senegal. SUBJECTS: Agricultural policy, Food policy, Agricultural production, Nutrition. 4356 Claude, Dominique. "Production and commercialisation of rice in Cameroon: The Semry Project." In: Structural Adjustment in Africa, edited by Bonnie K. Campbell and John Loxley. Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan, 1989. 202-233 pp. tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Commercial agriculture, Regional development, Self-sufficient economy, Agricultural policy, Rural development. KEYWORDS: rice; SEMRY (Société d'Expansion et de Modernisation de la Riziculture de Yagoua); Yagoua region, Cameroon. Addresses the rural development project carried out in Cameroon and founded by the World Bank from 1967 to 1983. Presents and describes the specific case of a development project—SEMRY—an irrigated-rice-growing project in Yagoua region in North Cameroon. 4357 Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, ed. Agricultural Policy and Development in West Africa: Cameroon and Ivory Coast: Annotated Bibliography No. RB6f. Vol. 6 of 7. Slough, UK: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, 1983. 82 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Côte d'Ivoire. SUBJECTS: Agricultural policy, Rural development, Bibliography, Livestock production. 4358 Courade,Georges."LaConstitutiond'empiresagro-industriels

étatiques depuis l'indépendance au Cameroun: politique de développement rural et/ou national?" African Economic History no. 12 (1983): 33-48. tables. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Agricultural development, Agricultural policy. KEYWORDS: agroindustry. 4359 Courade, Georges. "La Sécurité alimentaire implicite: les femmes hors développement au Cameroun (état des lieux)." In: Femmes et politiques alimentaires: Actes du Séminaire International sur la Place des Femmes dans l'Autosuffisance et les Stratégies Alimentaires, edited by Jeanne Bisilliat. Paris: ORSTOM, 1985. 371-391 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Food production, Development policy, Food policy, Self-sufficient economy, Peasant economy, Women's economic role, Women and development. 4360 DeLancey, Virginia. "Agricultural extension for women in Cameroon." African Studies Association Papers 27, no. 26 (October 1984): 1-24. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural extension service, Women's studies, Division of labor, Technical training, Agricultural production, Food production, Technical assistance. KEYWORDS: agricultural education; Women's Program. 4361 DeLancey, Virginia. "Agricultural productivity in Cameroon." In: The Political Economy of Cameroon, edited by Michael G. Schatzberg and I. William Zartman. New York: Praeger, 1986. 133160 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Food production, Population growth, Green Revolution, Agricultural development. KEYWORDS: Cameroon National Food Plan 1981-1986; Cameroon Ministry of Agriculture; FAO; US Department of Agriculture. States that Cameroon is one of the few countries in Africa that produces enough food to feed itself. Argues that per capita agricultural production has been falling off, however, because of a high population growth rate. Examines some reasons for the lag and suggests ways to improve the rates of production. 4362 Diduk, Susan E. "Women's agricultural production and political action in the Northwest Province of Cameroon." African Studies Association Papers 27, no. 29 (October 1984): 1-18. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Women's economic role, Government economic management, Subsistence farming, Livestock production, Gender relations, Women's political role. KEYWORDS: Northwest Province, Cameroon; protest movements. 4363 Dongmo, Jean Louis. "Le Rôle de l'homme à travers ses activités agricoles et pastorales dans l'évolution des milieux naturels sur les hautes terres de l'Ouest Cameroun." Revue de géographie du CamerounA, no. 1 (1983): 1-8. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Pastoralism, Agricultural development, Agricultural production. KEYWORDS: Cameroon highlands. 4364 Dongmo, Jean-Louis. Le Dynamisme bamiléké: la maîtrise de l'espace agraire. Vol. 1 of 2. Yaoundé, Cameroon: Centre d'Edition et de Production pour l'Enseignement et la Recherche, 1981. 424 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Traditional society, Demographic analysis, Agricultural development, Plantation economy, Agrarian economy, Land-use policy. KEYWORDS: Bamileke people; spatial analysis; Mungo Département, Cameroon; Maknn region, Cameroon. 4365 Ekpenyong, Stephen. "Ikpe migrant cocoa farmers of southwestern Cameroon." Africa: Journal of the International African Institute!Revue de l'institut africain international 54, no. 1 (1984): 20-30. maps. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Labor migration, Agricultural labor. KEYWORDS: cocoa; Ikpe people.

CAMEROON/Agriculture • 283 4366 Epale, Simon. Plantations and Development in Western Cameroon, 1885-1975: A Study in Agrarian Capitalism. New York: Vantage, 1985. 251 pp. SUBJECTS: Agrarian economy, Plantation economy, Green Revolution, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: CDC (Cameroon Development Corporation); Woermann Company; Jantzen und Thormahlen Company; Western Province, Cameroon; agrarian capitalism. 4367 Geschiere, P. "La Paysannerie africaine est-elle captive?" Politique africaine no. 14 (June 1984): 13-33. other docs. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Peasant society, Agricultural cooperatives, Agricultural policy, Land tenure system. 4368 Goheen, Miriam. "Land accumulation and local control: The manipulation of symbols and power in Nso, Cameroon." In: Land and Society in Contemporary Africa, edited by R. E. Downs and S. P. Reyna. Hanover, New Hampshire: University Press of New England, 1988. 280-308 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Land tenure system, Commercial agriculture, Social change, Resource distribution. KEYWORDS: land acquisition; Nso people; land concentration; Western Province, Cameroon. Analyzes the changing relationship of the Nso people to their land in the Bamenda Grassfields of western Cameroon. Discusses the indigenous land tenure system, the forces influencing change, and these changes' impact on land accumulation. Notes that elites use national laws and institutions to accumulate land. 4369 Guyer, Jane I. "Feeding Yaoundé, capital of Cameroon." In: Feeding African Cities: Studies in Regional Social History, edited by Jane I. Guyer. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1987. 112-154 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Food policy, Women's economic role, Free market, Urban population, Credit policy, Food production. KEYWORDS: Yaoundé, Cameroon; urban food supply. Analyzes the history of the capital's food supply. States that after independence, direct methods of controlling the food supply were no longer possible, although there was government intervention throughout the 1970s. Concludes that supply shows less fluctuation than might be expected given its history. 4370 Heinzen, Barbara J. 'The United Fruit Company in the 1950s: Trusteeships of the Cameroons." African Economic History 12(1983): 141-156. tables. SUBJECTS: Transnational corporations, Plantation economy, Smallholder agriculture, Agricultural cooperatives, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: bananas; United Fruit Company; Elders and Fyffes Company; Compagnie des Bananes; UK-Cameroon relations. 4371 Hollier, Graham P. "Examining allegations of exploitation and inefficiency in rural marketing systems: Some evidence from West Cameroon." The Journal of Developing Areas 19, no. 3 (April 1985): 393-416. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Ghana, Liberia. SUBJECTS: Trade relations, Agricultural marketing, Market system, Agricultural cooperatives, Price policy. KEYWORDS: middlemen. 4372 Konings, Piet. "L'Etat, l'agro-industrie et la paysannerie au Cameroun." Politique africaine no. 22 (June 1986): 120-137. tables. SUBJECTS: Plantation economy, Development planning, Rural development, Peasant society, Plantation economy, Commercial agriculture, Credit policy. KEYWORDS: CDC (Cameroon Development Corporation). Examines the relationship between Cameroon's postcolonial state, international capital, and commercial agricultural sector. Suggests that this alliance has brought Cameroon's peasants into a capitalist system and has started the proletarianization of the peasantry. 4373 Lantum, Dan N. Monitoring Food and Nutrition Programme of Cameroon Development Corporation (CDC). Yaoundé, Cameroon:

Department, 1982. 130 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: State-owned enterprise, Agricultural production, Plantation economy, Food production, Nutrition. KEYWORDS: rubber; palm oil; bananas; tea; CDC (Cameroon Development Corporation). 4374 Lewis, Barbara. "Government action, government inaction, and food production: Central Province, Cameroon." In: Coping with Africa's Food Crisis, edited by Naomi Chazan and Timothy M. Shaw. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1988. 55-74 pp. SUBJECTS: State intervention, Food production, Community development, Stateowned enterprise, Cash crop production. KEYWORDS: Yaoundé, Cameroon; SODECAO (Société de Développement du Cacao); Cocoa Development Corporation; MIDEVIV (Mission de Développement des Cultures Vivrières Maraîchères et Fruitières); Central-South Province, Cameroon. Discusses the apparent Cameroonian agricultural success story. Focuses attention on Yaoundé and the interaction of export marketing and food production. 4375 Paba Salé, Mahamat. "L'Exploitation des ressources végétales dans le Logone et Chari." Revue de géographie du Cameroun 4, no. 2 (1984): 16-24. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Natural resource management, Agricultural production, Food production. KEYWORDS: vegetables; Operation Sahel Vert; Logone-et-Chari Département, Cameroon. 4376 Roupsard, Marcel. "La Riziculture irriguée dans les plaines de l'extrême-nord du Cameroun: la SEMRY." Revue de géographie du Cameroun 4, no. 2 (1984): 47-71. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Irrigation, Agricultural production, Development planning. KEYWORDS: rice; Logone-et-Chari Département, Cameroon; Nord Province, Cameroon; SEMRY (Société d'Expansion et de Modernisation de la Riziculture de Yagoua). 4377 Salinger, L y n n . North Cameroon Cropping Systems: Household and Village-Level Distribution of Resources among Farm Families in the Diamare Department. Yaoundé, Cameroon: USAID, 1982. 65 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Farming system, Agricultural development, Village development, Agricultural marketing, Resource distribution, Household analysis. KEYWORDS: Northern Province, Cameroon; Diamaré Département, Cameroon. 4378 Schnetzler, Jacques. "L'Agriculture camerounaise." Revue de géographie du Cameroun 5, no. 1 (1985): 1-22. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Food production, Agricultural development, Cash crop production, Development planning. 4379 Stachel, Guenther. Le Système de production vivrière dans la zone d'Edéa. Douala, Cameroon: Institut Panafricain pour le Développement, 1984.79 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS : Food production, Agricultural development, Green Revolution, Smallholder agriculture. KEYWORDS: Edea, Cameroon. 4380 van der Laan, H. L. Cameroon's Main Marketing Board: History and Scope of the ONCPB. Leiden, Netherlands: African Studies Centre, 1987.19 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural marketing, Agricultural development, Marketing boards, Private investment. KEYWORDS: ONCPB (Office National de Commercialisation des Produits de Base); buying agents. Traces the history of Cameroon's largest agricultural marketing organization—ONCPB. Examines the government's control over agricultural marketing and the events leading up to the creation of the ONCPB in 1976. Explores the role that the ONCPB has played in harmonizing and reorganizing marketing strategies. 4381 van der Laan, H. L. Cocoa and Coffee Buying in Cameroon: The Role of the Marketing Board in the Southwest and Northwest Provinces, 1987-1987. Leiden, Netherlands: African Studies Centre,

284

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CAMEROON/Agriculture

1988.37 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Marketing boards, Agricultural development, Agricultural production, Agricultural marketing. KEYWORDS: Northwest Province, Cameroon; Southwest Province, Cameroon; NPMB (National Produce Marketing Board); cocoa; coffee. Examines the role that the NPMB plays in agricultural development in Anglophone Cameroon. Assesses the marketing boards, licensed buying agents, and the cooperative organization of the Northwest Province. Explores the rivalry between the cooperatives and the private buying agents in the Southwest Province. SEE ALSO 59,96,4680,4681,14912, 14956,14960.

Class

4382 Kofele-Kale, Ndiva. "Class, status, and power in postreunification Cameroon: The rise of an Anglophone bourgeoisie, 1961-1980." In: Studies in Power and Class in Africa, edited by Irving Leonard Markovitz. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1987. 135-169 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Class analysis, One-party system, Elite analysis, Bourgeoisie. KEYWORDS: UNC (Union Nationale Camerounaise); CDC (Cameroon Development Corporation); Anglophone Africa. Identifies the organizational bourgeoisie. Breaks the category down into bureaucratic, political, and business elements, then demonstrates its role in the construction of the national Cameroonian state.

Colonialism

4383 Joseph, Richard. "Radical nationalism in French Africa: The case of Cameroon." In: Decolonization and African Independence: The Transfers of Power, 1960-1980, edited by Prosser Gifford and Wm. Roger Louis. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1988. 321-345 pp. SUBJECTS: Nationalism, Decolonization, Independence movement, Trade union, Armed forces, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: France-Cameroon relations; UPC (Union des Populations Camerounaises); Brazzaville Conference 1944; Douala, Cameroon. Reviews the major features of the struggle for self-rule in Cameroon. Explains how France transferred sovereignty to African territories, despite the absence of any commitment to do so until the end of the 1950s, and how it retained considerable involvement and influence in its former African territories. SEE ALSO 14976.

Economics

4384 No Author. "Le Cameroun ou les occasions perdues." Géopolitique africaine 12 (October 1989): 127. SUBJECTS: Political instability, Economic crisis, Finance policy. KEYWORDS: Ahidjo, Ahmadou; Biya, Paul. Examines the gradual erosion of political, financial, and economic stability in Cameroon since independence. Claims that Cameroon was quite viable as an outstanding picture of success at the time of its independence. Follows the eventual decline and missed opportunities of Presidents Ahidjo and Biya in terms of investment,

agriculture, corruption, drug trafficking, and ethnic struggles in Cameroon. 4385 Delancey, Mark W. Cameroon: Dependence and Independence. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1989.193 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Political system, Economic system, Economic dependency, Foreign policy. Examines Cameroon's postindependence challenges, including the creation of national unity, defining and constructing a set of institutions to rule the country, and the need for growth and development. Suggests that an interplay exists between these challenges and that a failure in any one of them could lead to a decay in the others. 4386 Gankou, Jean-Marie. L'Investissement dans les pays en développement: le cas du Cameroun. Paris: Economica, 1985.203 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign trade, Public investment, Private investment, Industrial development, Commercial sector, State intervention, Nationalization. 4387 G a n k o u , Jean-Marie. "Principales caractéristiques de l'économie camerounaise au cours de l'année 1984." Année africaine (1984): 247-255. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Agricultural production, Industrial sector, Commercial sector, Financial system, Monetary policy, Consumption pattern. 4388 Manga, Philippe. "Le Recouvrement forcé de l'impôt et la prescription de garanties au profit du contribuable dans la législation fiscale camerounaise." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique no. 804 (October/December 1990): 422-441. SUBJECTS: Fiscal policy, Taxation policy, Law. Describes the process of tax collection and the legal obligations of citizens in Cameroon to pay taxes. Examines the forcible recovery of taxes, the legal protection of the contributor, and the legal process of tax payment contestation. 4389 Manning, Patrick. "African economic growth and the public sector: Lessons from historical statistics of Cameroon." African Economic History 19 (1990/1991): 135-170. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Structural adjustment, Economic growth rate, Colonialism, Public sector, Government economic management, Statistical analysis. KEYWORDS: Berg Report 1981. Performs an intricate statistical reconstruction in order to test World Bank assumptions about African government responsibility for misallocation and slow growth. Tests the assumptions that colonial economic history is irrelevant to the present-day economic crisis and that African governments start fresh at the time they achieve independence. 4390 McKee, Jesse, Robert Jenkins, and Eddie Lewis. "The geoeconomics of Cameroon and Chad: The road to development." In: Cameroon and Chad in Historical and Contemporary Perspectives, edited by Mario Azevedo. Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellen, 1988. 12-44 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Chad. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Economic development, Geographical analysis, Industrial sector. KEYWORDS: cocoa; cotton. Highlights the geographic and economic conditions in Cameroon and Chad. Assesses the possibilities for development and provides an overview of current economic activities. 4391 Morel, Yves. Tableaux économiques du Cameroun. Douala, Cameroon: College Libermann, 1983. 240 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Price policy, Agricultural production, Monetary policy, Development planning, Taxation policy, Credit policy. KEYWORDS: data management. 4392 Ndongko, Wilfred A. Economic Management in Cameroon: Policies and Performance. Yaoundé, Cameroon: Institute of Human Sciences, 1986. 271 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Investment policy,

CAMEROON/Education

• 285

Economic development policy, Credit policy, Finance policy, Agricultural policy, Public sector. KEYWORDS: cotton; National Produce Marketing Board; CDC (Cameroon Development Corporation). Examines avenues to develop politically viable strategies and development models for managing Cameroon's resource-rich economy. States that Cameroon has efficiently managed its resources for adequate economic growth and that Cameroon's experience could be used to develop policy options for other resource-rich Third World countries.

Examines Cameroon's political stability and economic growth, the performance and heritage of Ahidjo's and Biya's governments, and the political transition between the two. Addresses Cameroon's foreign policy, agricultural productivity, and the effect of oil revenues on the economy.

4393 Ndongko, Wilfred A. "Financing economic development: The Cameroon experience." Journal of African Studies 8, no. 1 (Spring 1981): 16-30. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Development f i n a n c i n g , D e v e l o p m e n t p l a n n i n g , B u d g e t policy. K E Y W O R D S : F I D E S (Fonds d ' I n v e s t i s s e m e n t p o u r le Développement Economique et Social); CDC (Cameroon Development Corporation); Cameroon national development plans.

SEE ALSO 647, 4617, 14602.

4394 Ngandjeu, Jean. Le Cameroun et la crise: renaissance ou blocage. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1988. 168 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic crisis, Unemployment, Agricultural development, Development planning, Banking policy. KEYWORDS: terms of trade; CFA monetary area. States that Cameroon managed to escape the severe economic crisis facing the rest of the continent until 1986. Examines why it has endured, however, a deepening crisis since then. Assesses how Cameroon can redevelop a healthy economy. 4395 Njomgang, Claude. L'Absorption du capital au Cameroun: 1965-1980. Paris: Berger-Levrault, 1986.204 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Capital accumulation, Investment policy, Development financing, Taxation policy, Credit policy, Budget policy, Debt crisis. Applies basic theoretical and methodological models of capital investment to development policies and financing in Cameroon. Suggests that the existence of capital has little to do with a country ' s ability to sincerely invest in development. Addresses the implications of investments for planning and development. 4396 Paba Salé, Mahamat. "Les Marchés du Logone-et-Chari." Revue de géographie du Cameroun 5, no. 2 (1986): 85-98. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Commercial sector, Market system. KEYWORDS: marketplace; Logone-et-Chari Département, Cameroon. Examines zones of influence for different markets in the Logoneet-Chari regions of Northern Cameroon. Explores the dynamism of these markets and the manner in which they work. 4397 PECTA (Programme des Emplois et des Compétences Techniques pour l'Afrique). Promotion de l'emploi rural de développement des PMEIPMI au Cameroon: rapport soumis au gouvernement du Cameroun par une mission d'assistance technique du BIT/PECTA. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: PECTA, 1986. 159 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Employment, Rural development, Industrial development, Small business, Development financing, Technical assistance, Credit policy. KEYWORDS: small-scale industry; PECTA (Programme des Emplois et des Compétences Techniques pour l'Afrique). Analyzes government measures to promote small- and mediumscale enterprises in the rural sector of Cameroon. Suggests that a more ambitious policy must be pursued if entrepreneurs are going to play an important role in Cameroon's economic development. 4398 Schatzberg, Michael G., and I. William Zartman, eds. The Political Economy of Cameroon. New York: Praeger, 1986. 263 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Political economy studies, Economic development, Political development, Personalized leadership, Regional development, Foreign investment, Market economy. KEYWORDS: indigenous capitalism; Ahidjo, Ahmadou; Biya, Paul.

4399 Willame, J. C. "Cameroun: les avatars d'un libéralisme planifié." Politique africaine no. 18 (June 1985): 44-70. maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic planning, Finance, Foreign investment, Industrial policy, Liberalism.

Education

4400 Ashu, Comfort Eneke. Division of Anglophone Cameroon. Nairobi, Kenya: University of Nairobi, 1981. 54 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Territorial sovereignty, Education system, Language policy. KEYWORDS: Anglophone Cameroon. 4401 Azevedo, Mario, and Janet St. Lawrence. "Education: 'Every citizen's right': The case of Cameroon and Chad." In: Cameroon and Chad in Historical and Contemporary Perspectives, edited by Mario Azevedo. Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellen, 1988. 137-154 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Chad. SUBJECTS: Education system, Higher education, Literacy. KEYWORDS: education financing. Provides an overview of the status of education in Cameroon and Chad. Asserts that accomplishments in national education cannot be underestimated or dismissed, particularly when measured against those of other developing countries. 4402 Dalle, Emile-Lesage. Les Problèmes de l'enseignement des langues nationales au Cameroun. Quebec, Canada: Université Laval, Faculté des Sciences de l'Education, 1981.42 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Language policy, Education policy, Cultural identity. KEYWORDS: bilingualism. 4403 Franqueville, Andre. "Etre élève à Yaoundé." Cahiers des sciences humaines 21, no. 2/3 (1985): 347-353. maps. SUBJECTS: E d u c a t i o n system, Migration pattern, Education policy. KEYWORDS: Yaoundé, Cameroon; enrollment. 4404 Gomsu, J. "Finalité de l'enseignement de l'allemand et de la germanistique en Afrique Noire: le cas du Cameroun." Peuples noirs; peuples africains 8, no. 45 (May/June 1985): 94-115. SUBJECTS: Language policy, Education policy, Education reform. KEYWORDS: German language; curriculum. 4405 Ndoumbe-Manga, S., and E. Atem Endaman. "Infrastructure et politique des sciences sociales au Cameroun." In: Sciences sociales en Afrique!Social Sciences in Africa, edited by Mbonigaba Mugaruka, Mutanda Ntumba, and Mugaruka Chibanguka. Kinshasa, Zaire: CERDAS, 1982. 55-62 pp. SUBJECTS: Academic research, Research and development, Education policy. KEYWORDS: institutional development; research institution; research funding. 4406 Robinson, Clinton D. W. "The place of local language literacy in rural development in Cameroon: Presentation of an experimental program." The African Studies Review 33, no. 3 (December 1990): 53-64. tables. SUBJECTS: Literacy, Language policy, Rural development. Asks the question: "Which language for literacy?" Claims it is a question bound by politics more than pragmatism. Shows that although research is unable to demonstrate that local-language literacy

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education helps rural devlopment, it does promote the dignity of those who become literate. 4407 Santerre, Renaud, and Céline Mercier-Tremblay, eds. La Quête du savoir: essais pour une anthropologie de /' éducation camerounaise. Montreal, Canada: Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal, 1982. 889 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Education system, Ethnicity, Language policy, Traditional society, Islamic society, Anthropological analysis. KEYWORDS: traditional education; Islamic education. 4408 Santerre, Renaud. "Linguistique et politique au Cameroun." In: La Qûete du savoir: essais pour une anthropologie de l'éducation camerounaise, edited by Renaud Santerre and Céline MercierTremblay. Montreal, Canada: Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal, 1982. 47-57 pp. SUBJECTS: Language policy, Education policy, Ethnicity, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: Fulfulde language; linguistics. SEE ALSO 963, 964.

Foreign Relations

4409 Bylka, Teresa. "The political and economic conditions of modernization in the independent Cameroon." Africana Bulletin 34 (1987): 81-91. tables. SUBJECTS: Modernization, Foreign aid, Foreign investment, Government economic management. Examines the changes during 1967-1987 in African countries' external relations. Addresses whether government economic policies have helped overcome their dual economies. States that the government is managing to slowly change economic structures. 4410 K a m t o , M a u r i c e . "La P a r t i c i p a t i o n des é t r a n g e r s à l'administration publique camérounaise." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique no. 801 (August/December 1989): 403-432. tables. SUBJECTS: Public administration, International cooperation, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: CEEAC (Communauté Economique des Etats d'Afrique Centrale); UDEAC (Union Douanière et Economique d'Afrique Centrale). Looks at the deficit of qualified personnel in Cameroonian public administration and at foreigner contribution toward filling such gaps. Questions the meaning of public administration and its legal foundations. Examines both the laws of African economic communities on the subject and the consequences of foreign workers or volunteers in African countries. 4411 Kofele-Kale, Ndiva. "Cameroon and its foreign relations." African Affairs: Journal ofthe Royal African Society 80, no. 319 (April 1981): 197-217. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Foreign aid, Foreign policy, Presidential government, Constitution. KEYWORDS: FranceCameroon relations; Arab-Cameroon relations; OAU. SEE ALSO 8927, 8932, 8934.

General

4412 Abodo, Alphonse Tabi. "A La Recherche de donnés: enquêtes au Cameroun, le cas des menuisiers." In: Vivre et survivre dans les villes africaines, edited by Isabelle Deblé and Philippe Hugon. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1982. 113-118 pp. tables. SUB-

JECTS: Commercial sector, Urban development, Construction industry. KEYWORDS: artisans; Yaoundé, Cameroon; woodworkers; small-scale industry. 4413 Agbor-Tabi, Peter. U.S. Bilateral Assistance in Africa: The Case of Cameroon. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1984. 180 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Development financing, Foreign aid, Agricultural development, Development planning. KEYWORDS: Heifer Project International; Center for Training of Farm Families; North Cameroon Seed Multiplication Project; Small Farmers Production Credit. 4414 Agier, Michel. "L'Invention du futur, ses limites: l'avenir professionnel des jeunes vu d'un village du Sud Cameroun." Cahiers des sciences humaines 21, no. 2/3 (1985): 251-259. maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Migration pattern, Civil service, Labor force, Development planning. KEYWORDS: Bipindi, Cameroon. 4415 Azevedo, Mario, ed. Cameroon and Chad in Historical and Contemporary Perspectives. Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellen, 1988. 212 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Chad. SUBJECTS: Health care system, Education system, Women's studies, Economic development, Political system. KEYWORDS: WHO; Biya, Paul; Tombalbaye, N'Garta; PPT (Parti Progressiste du Tchad); UC (Union Camerounaise). Provides an interdisciplinary approach to the study of Cameroon and Chad, focusing on cultural diversity, geography, economics, history, and politics. Includes chapters on the condition of women and on the status of health and educational facilities. 4416 Azevedo, Mario, ed. Cameroon and Its National Character. Jackson, Mississippi: Educators United for Global Awareness, 1984. 98 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Literature review, Economic development, Historical analysis, Political development, Arts. KEYWORDS: music. 4417 Azevedo, Mario. "Politics in Cameroon and Chad." In: Cameroon and Chad in Historical and Contemporary Perspectives, edited by Mario Azevedo. Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellen, 1988. 80-117 pp. maps. ALSO COVERS: Chad. SUBJECTS: Political analysis, Trade union, Independence movement. KEYWORDS: Biya, Paul; Tombalbaye, N'Garta; PPT (Parti Progressiste du Tchad); UC (Union Camerounaise). Introduces the politics of Cameroon and Chad, with an emphasis on modern politics. Provides a historical perspective on independence movements in the two countries. 4418 Bako, Haman. "Cameroun: l'exode rural: manifestations et significations de classe de l'exode rural dans l'Afrique actuelle." Journal of African Marxists no. 5 (February 1984): 51-76. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Agricultural development, Ruralurban migration. KEYWORDS: UNC (Union Nationale Camerounaise). 4419 Bandolo, Henri. La Flamme et la fumée. Yaoundé, Cameroon: SOPECAM, 1985. 494 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Coup d'état, Political succession. KEYWORDS: Ahidjo, Ahmadou; Biya, Paul; UNC (Union Nationale Camerounaise). 4420 Barbier, Jean Claude, J. Champaud, and F. Gendreau. Migrations et développement: la région du Moungo au Cameroun. Paris: ORSTOM, 1983. 372 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Capitalism, Migration pattern, Urbanization, Economic development, Agricultural development, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: Mungo Département, Cameroon; Bamileke people; Northwest Cameroon. 4421 Barbier, Jean-Claude, Georges Courade, and Patrick Gubry.

CAMEROON/General

"L'Exode rural au Cameroun." Cahiers des sciences humaines 18, no. 1 (1981/1982): 107-147. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Urbanization, Rural-urban migration. KEYWORDS: Yaoundé, Cameroon; Bamileke people; Douala people. 4422 Barbier, Jean-Claude. ' T u es devant et nous sommes derrière." Politique africaine no. 22 (June 1986): 101-110. tables. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Traditional society. KEYWORDS: political poetry; Bangangte, A. B. H.; Ahidjo, Ahmadou. Examines the relationship between village and government, using four Cameroonian political poems, which suggest support by the people for the president and claim the existence of a personal relationship between the president and the Cameroonian people. 4423 Baumann, Eveline. "Activités informelles en milieu rural et transformations socio-économiques: réflexions à partir d'une étude de cas." In: Le Développement spontané: les activités informelles en Afrique, edited by Marc Penouil and Jean-Pierre Lachaud. Paris: A. Pedone, 1985.224-248 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Informal sector, Rural development, Socioeconomic analysis, Case study. KEYWORDS: Saa area, Cameroon; small-scale industry. 4424 Bayart, Jean-François. "La Société politique camerounaise (1982-1986)." Politique africaine no. 22 (June 1986): 5-35. tables. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Economic crisis, Political conflict. KEYWORDS: Ahidjo, Ahmadou; Biya, Paul; UNC (Union Nationale Camerounaise). Asserts that major institutional, political, and economic conflicts were evident in Cameroon when Biya took over power. Explores how Biya attempted to reconcile the problems as he formed a new government. 4425 Champaud, Jacques. Villes et campagnes du Cameroun de l'Ouest. Paris: ORSTOM, 1983. 508 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Regional development, Commercial sector, Urban development. 4426 Courade, G. "Des Complexes qui coûtent cher." Politique africaineno. 14 (June 1984): 75-91. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Agricultural development, Industrial sector. 4427 D a c k e y , M i c h e l l e . La Femme camérounaise et le développement: bibliographie. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: ECA, 1981. 70 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Demographic analysis, Women and development, Health care policy, Judicial system, Traditional society, Religion. 4428 DeLancey, Mark W., and Peter J. Schraeder, eds. Cameroon. Oxford, UK: Clio, 1986. 201 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Geographical analysis, Historical analysis, Language policy, Religion, Population growth, Urbanization. A bibliography on a wide variety of issues pertinent to Cameroonian affairs. Ranges from geography to tourism to cultural development to political economics. 4429 Delpech, Bernard. "Jeunesse et société éton du Cameroun du Sud." Cahiers des sciences humaines 21, no. 2/3 (1985): 261-266. SUBJECTS: Education policy, Youth issues, Market economy, Landuse policy, Population density, Rural-urban migration. KEYWORDS: cocoa; Eton people. 4430 Déruelle, Bernard. "Risques volcaniques au Mont Cameroun." Revue de géographie du Cameroun 3, no. 1 (1982): 33-40. biblio, maps. SUBJECTS: Scientific research, Environmental analysis. KEYWORDS: Mount Cameroon; volcanos. 4431 Dessouane, Phillipe, and Patrice Verre. "Cameroun: de développement autocentré au national-libéralisme." Politique

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africaine no. 22 (June 1986): 111-119. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Self-sufficient economy, Development planning, Credit policy, Rural development. KEYWORDS: food self-sufficiency; World Bank. Examines development planning at the local level in Cameroon and the relationship between Cameroon and the World Bank. Calls for democratization of development. 4432 Diduk, Susan. "Women's agricultural production and political action in the Cameroon grassfields." Africa: Journal of the International African Institute/Revue de l'institut africain international 59, no. 3 (1989): 338-355. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Agricultural production, Resistance movement, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: K e d j o m w o m e n ' s protest 1958; K N D P (Kameroon National Democratic Party). Examines a women's protest movement in which women protested infringements on their economic and political rights. States that those protests cannot be understood as gender based alone but were also inspired by colonialism, which undermined women's roles as food producers and mothers. 4433 Domatob, Jerry Komia. "Radio Cameroun and rural exodus: Policy and problems." Présence africaine 133/134 (1985): 22-38. SUBJECTS: Mass media, Rural-urban migration, Urbanization. KEYWORDS: Radio Cameroon. 4434 Ejedepang-Koge, S. N. Change in Cameroon. Alexandria, Virginia: ARC, 1985. 176 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Historical analysis, Agricultural development, Industrialization, Foreign policy, Social change. 4435 Engard, Ronald K. "Dance and power in Bafut (Cameroon)." In: Creativity of Power: Cosmology and Action in African Societies, edited by W. Arens and Ivan Karp. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1989.129-162 pp. SUBJECTS: Political power, Ethnicity. KEYWORDS: Bafut, Cameroon; dance. Examines dance and constitutional politics in Bafut. Shows how power is manifested through public ritual and dance, which express duly constituted power. 4436 Eyoh, Ndumbe H. Hammocks and Bridges: Report on the Workshop on Theatre for Integrated Rural Development. Yaoundé, Cameroon: Yaoundé University, 1985. 131 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Integrated rural development, Agricultural extension service, Arts, Nonformal education. KEYWORDS: theater. 4437 Eyoh, Ndumbe H. Hammocks to Bridges: Report on the Workshop on Theatre for Integrated Rural Development, Kumba, Cameroon. Yaoundé, Cameroon: BET, 1986. 219 pp. SUBJECTS: Integrated rural development, Development planning, Nonformal education, Arts. KEYWORDS: theater; Tar Ahura; Bole Butake. Examines theater's role in spreading the message of development. Analyzes the workshop's goal of initiating theater people, development agencies, and villagers into using the theater to increase awareness of development issues. 4438 Fair, T. J. D. "Cameroon: Is balanced development possible." Africa Insight 14, no. 2 (1984): 83-85. tables. SUBJECTS: Even development, Economic growth rate, Urbanization, Regional development. KEYWORDS: Cameroon national development plans; urban bias. 4439 Fodouop, Kengne. "Le Système de marchés du Sud-Cameroun à l'est de la plaine côtière." Revue de géographie du Cameroun 5, no. 2 (1986): 124-138. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Geographical analysis, Rural development, Commercial sector, Trade relations. KEYWORDS: Southern Cameroon; Bamileke people; Hausa people; Fulbe people; marketplace.

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Examines the spatial distribution of the 296 markets in Southern Cameroon's eastern coastal plain. Suggests that traders in those markets tend to be foreign to the region. Claims that the markets are efficient in distributing a variety of products to the public. 4440 Forje, John W. The One and Indivisible Cameroon. Lund, Sweden: Tryckbaren, 1981.191 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: National integration, Political integration, Federalism, Ethnicity. 4441 Gaillard, Philippe. Le Cameroun. Vol. 1 of 2. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1989. 256 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Geographical analysis, Historical analysis, Political analysis, Government analysis, Colonialism. Draws on historical and geographical analyses to examine the complexity of the sociopolitical landscape of Cameroon. Discusses such factors and elements as the demographic variety, the three-stage colonization, and the contemporary political landscape. 4442 Geschiere, Peter. "Sorcellerie et modes populaires d'action politique chez les Maka, Cameroun." In: Dialoger avec le léopard? edited by Boqumil Jewsiewicki and Henri Moniot. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1988.270-308 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Class struggle. KEYWORDS: witchcraft; Maka people. Claims that the witchcraft of the Maka people constitutes a mode of popular political action in Cameroon. Indicates the extent to which caution should be used with the notion of "popular," notably in situations when new relations of domination have not yet crystallized. 4443 Geschiere, Peter. Village Communities and the State: Changing Relations among the Maka of South-Eastern Cameroon since the Colonial Conquest. Translated by James J. Ravell. Boston, Massachusetts: Kegan Paul International, 1982. 512 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Anthropological analysis, Local government, Historical analysis, Political analysis, Kinship, Traditional society, Village development. KEYWORDS: local economy; Maka people. 4444 Goheen, Miriam. The Earth Shall Give Judgment: Land, Leadership and Political Legitimacy in Highland Cameroon. Boston, Massachusetts: African Studies Center, Boston University, 1989. 20 pp. S U B J E C T S : Traditional authority, Land-use policy, Anthropological analysis. KEYWORDS: Nso chiefdom, Cameroon. Clarifies some of the complexities involved in relationships to the land in modern Africa, utilizing the highlands of Cameroon as an example. 4445 Guyer, Jane. "Women's farming and the food supply of Yaounde: History and prospects." In: Femmes et politiques alimentaires: Actes du Séminaire International sur le Place des Femmes dans l'Autosuffisance et les Stratégies Alimentaires, edited by Jeanne Bisilliat. Paris: ORSTOM, 1985. 510-520 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Food production, Urbanization, Credit policy. KEYWORDS: Beti people; FONADER (Fonds National de Développement Rural); MIDEVIV (Mission de Développement des Cultures Vivrières Maraîchères et Fruitières); Yaounde, Cameroon. 4446 Gwan, Emmanuel. "Migration changes in West Cameroon." In: Redistribution of Population in Africa, edited by John I. Clarke and Leszek A. Kosinski. London: Heinemann, 1982. 124-132 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Migration, Historical analysis, Labor migration, Urbanization. KEYWORDS: Western Province, Cameroon. 4447 Henn, Jeanne. "Feeding the cities and feeding the peasants: What role for Africa's women farmers." World Development 11, no. 12 (December 1983): 1043-1055. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Agricultural technology, Socioeconomic analysis, Food production. KEYWORDS: Heti people; Haya people.

4448 Hoben, Allan. "Assessing the social feasibility of a settlement project in North Cameroon." In: Anthropology and Rural Development in West Africa, edited by Michael M. Horowitz and Thomas M. Painter. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1986. 169-194 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Resettlement, Integrated rural development, Anthropological analysis. KEYWORDS: USAID; West Benoue Integrated Rural Development Project; Fulani people; Kirdi people; Mandara Mountains, Cameroon. Uses a case study to ask whether development agencies follow the advice of anthropologists, whether useful field research can take place in a few weeks rather than two years, and whether anthropology can be applied to development in a constructive way. Draws on anthropological experience in Cameroon. 4449 Hollier, Graham P. Examining Allegations of Exploitation in Traditional Marketing Systems: Some Evidence from West Cameroon. Glasgow, Scotland: University of Strathclyde, 1981. 17 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Market system, Agricultural marketing, Trade relations, Rural-urban relations. KEYWORDS: marketplace; Western Province, Cameroon; middlemen. 4450 International Labour Organisation and PECTA (Programme des Emplois et des Compétences Techniques pour l'Afrique). Disparités de revenus entre les villes et les campagnes au Cameroun. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: International Labour Organisation, 1982.107 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Income inequality, Economic development, Demographic analysis, Wage policy. KEYWORDS: agricultural income; regional inequality; urban bias. 4451 Koenig, Dolores B. "The stable African family : Traditional and modern family structures in two African societies." In: Women, Education and Modernization of the Family in West Africa, edited by Helen Ware. Canberra, Australia: Department of Demography, Australian National University, 1981. 88-111 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Mali. SUBJECTS: Family, Traditional society, Rural population, Women's economic role, Labor migration. KEYWORDS: Basa people; Bambara people; Malinke people. 4452 Kofele-Kale, Ndiva. Tribesman and Patriots: Political Culture in a Poly-Ethnic African State. Washington, DC: University Press of America, 1981. 375 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: National identity, Ethnicity, Political history. 4453 Kofélé-Kale, Ndiva. "Ethnicity, regionalism, and political power: A post-mortem of Ahidjo's Cameroon." In: The Political Economy of Cameroon, edited by Michael G. Schatzberg and I. William Zartman. New York: Praeger, 1986. 53-82 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Ethnicity, Regionalism, Religious politics, Language policy, Political stability. KEYWORDS: Ahidjo, Ahmadou; UNC (Union N a t i o n a l e C a m e r o u n a i s e ) ; UPC (Union des P o p u l a t i o n s Camerounaises). Examines Cameroon's political stability, which persists despite many ethnic groups that are split along religous and colonial lines. States that the government takes credit for this harmonious state of affairs but that cleavages do exist and government policies are contradictory. Considers those policies and their implications. 4454 Kom, Ambroise. "Ecriture en monocratie: de la misère intellectuelle au Cameroun." Peuples noirs; peuples africains 11, no. 63-66 (May/December 1988): 213-225. SUBJECTS: Political history, Higher education, Political repression. KEYWORDS: Biya, Paul; intellectuals; Ahidjo, Ahmadou. Examines the erosion of intellectual freedoms and the repression in Cameroon during 1963-1988. Analyzes the work of authors and critics of the Ahidjo government after independence and the progress toward liberalism under Paul Biya. 4455 Kouleu, Chindji, and Willard R. Johnson. The Communication

CAMEROON/General Process in the Changing Rural Areas of Africa: With Emphasis on the Case of Cameroon. Boston, Massachusetts: African-American Issues Center, 1985. 58 pp. SUBJECTS: Mass communication, Rural development, Modernization, Technological development, Language policy. KEYWORDS: radio; television; rural communication. 4456 Kountchou K o u o m e g n i , M. Augustin. "Dossier: le Cameroun." Afrique contemporaine 149, no. 1 (1989): 48-53. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Elections. KEYWORDS: RDPC (Rassemblement Démocratique du Peuple Camerounais). Discusses the Cameroonian elections of 1983, 1984, and 1988. Presents a chronology of events from 1982 through 1988 and lists bibliographic citations of major works that focus on Cameroon and that were published between the same years. 4457 Kuissu, Simeon. "Le Kamerun à la croisée des chemins." Journal of African Marxists no. 9 (July 1986): 24-40. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Human rights. KEYWORDS: Biya, Paul; Ahidjo, Ahmadou; UPC (Union des Populations Camerounaises). Analyzes from a Marxist perspective the transfer of power in Cameroon from Ahidjo to Biya. Asserts that Ahidjo's downfall was due to mounting human rights violations and a narrow base of social support. 4458 Larsen, Ulla. "A comparative study of the levels and differentials of sterility in Cameroon, Kenya, and Sudan." In: Reproduction and Social Organization in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Ron J. Lesthaeghe. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, 1989. 167-211 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Sudan, Kenya. SUBJECTS: Research methodology, Children, Family planning. KEYWORDS: comparative analysis; sterility. Describes the geographic distribution of subfertility in subSaharan Africa. Provides theoretical models of sterility and reviews prior research on differentials in subfertility. Studies comparatively the levels and differentials of sterility in Cameroon, Sudan, and Kenya. 4459 Laval, Bernard. "Les Relations entre les marchés du travail moderne et informel: le cas de Yaoundé." In: Le Développement spontané: les activités informelles en Afrique, edited by Marc Penouil and Jean-Pierre Lachaud. Paris: A. Pedone, 1985. 179-194 pp. SUBJECTS: Informal sector, Labor market, Socioeconomic analysis. KEYWORDS: Yaoundé, Cameroon. 4460 Mainet, Guy. "Partage du sol et dynamique du système foncier àDouala." Revue de géographie du Cameroun!, no. 1 (1982): 49-56. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Land reform, Land tenure system, Urban planning policy. KEYWORDS: Douala, Cameroon. 4461 Mandessi Bell, Evelyne. "Radioscopie d'un système foncier africain: l'exemple du Cameroun cinquante-quatre ans après." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique no. 794 (May/September 1987): 268-290. SUBJECTS: Land reform, Law, Colonialism, Land tenure system. Analyzes the imposition of colonial land reform and the ensuing progress made by the independent Cameroonian government. 4462 Mbembe, J. A. "Les Pratiques politiques et les protestations populaires au Cameroun de 1930 à 1960." In: Villes et problèmes urbains contemporains en Afrique noire: recherches en histoire contemporaine: informations diverses, edited by Groupe Afrique Noire. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1984. 116-131 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Political history, Nationalism, Internal conflict. KEYWORDS: UPC (Union des Populations Camerounaises); popular protest. 4463 Mbouyom, François-Xavier. "Les Pratiques déloyales de travail dans les entreprises camerounaises." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 43, no. 3/4 (July/October 1989):

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388-397. SUBJECTS: Civil rights, Labor policy, Law, Private sector. KEYWORDS: labor relations. Discusses the legal implications for employers and workers who breach the essential rights and freedoms they are guaranteed by law. Examines how the Cameroonian legal system determines dishonest worker practices and gives the procedures and sanctions at the disposal of the legal system. 4464 Mono Ndjana, Hubert. "De l'Ethnofascisme dans la littérature politique camerounaise." Peuples noirs; peuples africains 10, no. 55/58 (January/August 1987): 112-129. SUBJECTS: Ethnie conflict, Political ideology, Literature review, Political elite, Liberation movement. KEYWORDS: Bamileke people; fascism. Notes an increase in derogatory remarks about the Bamileke political and social order during the 1980s. Asserts that this constitutes a neofascist trend toward judging people on the basis of their ethnic origin. 4465 Moutard, Gilbert. "Quelles chances pour la politique du Président Biya." Afrique contemporaine 139 (July/September 1986): 20-35. SUBJECTS: Economic planning, Leadership analysis. KEYWORDS: Biya, Paul; Ahidjo, Ahmadou; RDPC (Rassemblement Démocratique du Peuple Camerounais). Discusses the limits on and chances for the success of the economic and political ideals of Biya's administration. 4466 Muntjewerff, C. A. Producers' Price System and the Coffee and Cocoa Trade at Village Level in West Africa. Leiden, Netherlands: African Studies Centre, 1982.23 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire. SUBJECTS: Price policy, Trade relations, Agricultural production, Village development, Transportation system. KEYWORDS: Oyo State, Nigeria; coffee; cocoa. 4467 Ndue, Paul N. "Cameroon and the E.E.C.: Increasing state of underdevelopment and occurring changes." Présence africaine 133/134 (1985): 157-190. tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign aid, Economic development, Trade relations^ Neocolonialism. KEYWORDS: Rome Treaty 1962; Yaoundé Convention 1965; Lomé Convention 1975; EEC. 4468 Nga Ndongo, Valentin. "Les Enjeux d'une libéralisation de l'information au Cameroun." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 247/248 (1986): 15-28. tables. SUBJECTS: Mass media, Freedom of expression, Democracy. KEYWORDS: Biya, Paul; UNC (Union Nationale Camerounaise); press. States that the liberal information and communication policies of Paul Biya constitute a small revolution. Argues that Biya has changed the relationship between political power and social communication. Notes the lack of ethical and professional capacity among journalists and the meager funds for private presses. 4469 Ngo, V. Viban. Cartobibliography of the Cameroon. Aberdeen, UK: University of Aberdeen, 1987.240 pp. biblio, maps. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Agricultural development, Commercial sector, Geographical analysis, Religion, Military policy, Demographic analysis. KEYWORDS: atlas; climate. A bibliography of works on geographic analyses of Cameroon, covering sociology, politics, and economics. 4470 Nkolo, Pierrette. "L'Option matrimoniale au Cameroun." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique no. 793 (January/April 1987): 87-116. SUBJECTS: Law, Marriage. KEYWORDS: matrimonial option; polygamy. Analyzes the "matrimonial option" according to Cameroonian law. Examines respective civil agreement and obligations as well as protagonistic and consequential arguments surrounding the option. 4471 Nkouendjin-Yotnda, Maurice. "Un Mort qui rapporte 198

290 •

CAMEROON/General

millions: les compagnies d'assurances en péril." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique 95, no. 788/789 (July/December 1985): 219-254. SUBJECTS: Legal development, Business administration. KEYWORDS: accident victim policy; insurance industry. 4472 O C L D (Organization Camerounaise de Lutte pour la Démocratie. Dossier noir du pétrole camerounais. Condé sur Noireau, France: L'Imprimerie Ch. Corlet, 1982.70 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Oil industry, Economic development, Neocolonialism. KEYWORDS: UNC (Union Nationale Camerounaise). 4473 Oyono, Dieudonné. "Introduction à la politique africaine du Cameroun." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 207/208(1983): 21-30. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, Decolonization, Regional development. KEYWORDS: Ahidjo, Ahmadou; France-Africa relations; UAM (Union Africaine et Malgache). 4474 Quaye, Paa Ekow. Baseline Country Profiles for Open Doors : Country Report—Cameroon. Nairobi, Kenya: Daystar University College, 1988. 87 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Christianity, Economic development, Political development, Freedom of expression. Provides an overview of the economic, social, and political affairs of Cameroon. Emphasizes the role that Christianity plays and whether the needs and freedoms of the church are respected. 4475 Roupsard, Marcel. "L'Etain de Mayo-Darle: déclin d'un petit centre minier dans 1' Adamaoua." Revue de géographie du Cameroun 5, no. 1 (1985): 35-38. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Mining, Local development. KEYWORDS: tin; Mayo-Darle, Cameroon; Adamaoua Region, Cameroon.

4480 van Beek, W. E. A. "L'Etat ce n'est pas nous! Cultural proletarization in Cameroon." Les cahiers du CEDAF no. 2/4 (July 1986): 65-87. SUBJECTS: State intervention, Colonialism, Ethnicity, Geographical analysis. KEYWORDS: Higi people; modes of production; Kapsiki people; Northern Province, Cameroon. Explores state penetration in the Kapsiki and Higi regions of Northern Cameroon. Suggests that geographic factors did not cause the isolation of these marginal groups but rather it was their interaction with outside influences. 4481 van de Walle, Nicholas. "Rice politics in Cameroon: State commitment, capability, and urban bias." The Journal of Modern African Studies 27, no. 4 (December 1989): 579-599. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Integrated rural development, Government analysis. KEYWORDS: rice; SEMRY (Société d'Expansion et de Modernisation de la Riziculture de Yagoua); Biya, Paul. Examines Cameroon's attempts to reform rice production under SEMRY. Argues that it has failed not because of urban-biased policies but because of the low state capacity to implement its policies and little committment to fulfill them. 4482 van der Geest, S. "Health care as politics? 'Missed chances' in rural Cameroon." Les cahiers du CEDAF no. 2/4 (July 1986): 241259. SUBJECTS: Health care system, State intervention, Rural development, Drug control. KEYWORDS: state penetration. Explores the Cameroonian government's failure to make health care a political tool with which to penetrate the rural community. Assesses the quality of health care in Cameroon and suggests that the Cameroonian government is missing the chance to increase its acceptance in the rural community. SEE ALSO 1580, 1695, 1751, 4656, 15076, 15551.

4476 R o u p s a r d , M a r c e l . Nord-Cameroun: ouverture et développement. Marcel Roupsard, 1987. 516 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Demographic analysis, Commercial sector, Rural development, Modernization, Agricultural production, Regional development. KEYWORDS: cereals; cotton; SEMRY (Secteur Expérimental de Modernisation de la Riziculture de Yagoua); Northern Province, Cameroon. Analyzes most aspects of economic modernization in Cameroon. Examines the rural and urban potential for development, including agricultural production and industrialization. Explores in depth the state-sponsored projects intended to improve agricultural output in rural areas. 4477 Schultz, Emily A. "Perceptions of ethnicity in Guider Town." In: Image and Reality in African Interethnic Relations: The Fulbe and Their Neighbors, edited by Mario D. Zamora et al. Williamsburg, Virginia: Department of Anthropology, College of William and Mary, 1981. 127-153 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Ethnicity, Islam. KEYWORDS: Guider Town, Cameroon; Fulbe people. 4478 Songue, Paulette. Prostitution en Afrique: l'exemple de Yaoundé. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1986. 154 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Crime, Traditional society, Public health. KEYWORDS: prostitution; Yaoundé, Cameroon. Discusses prostitution in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Analyzes institutional prostitution, which takes place in offices and on university campuses and is practiced by both males and females from all walks of life. Studies the ties of prostitution to tradition and the motivations of those who engage in the practice. 4479 Tchangmé Njendé, Daniel. "Une Entreprise forestière pilote dans la province de l'est: la SFID." Revue de géographie du Cameroun 5, no. 1 (1985): 63-76. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Natural resource management, Development planning. KEYWORDS: SFID (Société Forestière et Industrielle de la Doumé); Eastern Province, Cameroon.

Health

4483 Azevedo, Mario. "Health conditions in Cameroon and Chad." In: Cameroon and Chad in Historical and Contemporary Perspectives, edited by Mario Azevedo. Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellen, 1988.118-136 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Chad. SUBJECTS: Health care system, Public health, Traditional medicine. KEYWORDS: WHO. Discusses health care services and disease control in Cameroon and Chad. Looks at traditional and modern medicine and at medical education and administration. 4484 Beauvilain, Alain. Nord-Cameroon: crises et peuplement. Vol. 1 of 2. Notre-Dame-de-Gravenchon: Alain Beauvilain, 1989. 309 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Population distribution, Ethnicity, Environmental degradation, Mortality rate, Public health, Public health. KEYWORDS: Mandara Mountains, Cameroon; Northern Province, Cameroon. Examines the relationship between social crisis and natural disasters and their influence on population distribution in the Northern Province, Cameroon. Addresses the consequences of mortality, famine, and diseases due to environmental degradation and difficult natural conditions. 4485 Hours, Bernard. L'Etat sorcier: santé publique et société au Cameroun. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1985. 165 pp. SUBJECTS: Public health, Health care system, Health service, Traditional society. KEYWORDS: medical anthropology. 4486 Koenig, Dolores B. "Education and fertility among

CAMEROON/Labor Cameroonian working women." In: Women, Education and Modernization of the Family in West Africa, edited by Helen Ware. Canberra, Australia: Department of Demography, Australian National University, 1981. 134-153 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Fertility, Education level, Family planning. SEE ALSO 2019.

Household and Family

4487 Anoukaha, François. "La Filiation naturelle au Cameroun après l'ordonnance no. 81-82du29juin 1981." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique no. 793 (January/April 1987): 7-36. SUBJECTS: Law, Children, Family. KEYWORDS: adoption. Presents Cameroonian Ordinance 81-82 addressing natural filiation rights. Questions whether the reunion of a child with its natural parents should be permitted and whether a "foster" child should be accorded the same rights as a biological child. 4488 Geary, Christraud M. On Legal Change in Cameroon: Women, Marriage, andBrideswealth. Boston, Massachusetts: African Studies Center, Boston University, 1986.37 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Legal development, Marriage, Traditional society, Children, Public policy. KEYWORDS: bridewealth; Weh, Cameroon; family law. Explores marriage regulations imposed by the Cameroonian government since independence. Analyzes the official policy that supports equality of the sexes and condemns certain traditional practices such as bridewealth. Argues that these policies have been practically impossible to enforce in rural Cameroon. 4489 Guyer, Jane I. Family and Farm in Southern Cameroon. Boston, Massachusetts: Boston University Press, 1984. 154 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Household analysis, Women's economic role, Agricultural development, Income distribution, Women's studies, Family, Colonialism. 4490 Nguebou, née Toukam, Josette. "Les Sociétés crées de fait entre époux en droit camérounais." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique no. 801 (August/December 1989): 461-507. SUBJECTS: Marriage, Small business, Judicial system, Family. Analyzes legal spousal obligations in the case of an informal family business. Looks at the limitations and utility of an informal business arrangement between spouses and the legal division of property rights in the event of conflict. SEE ALSO 2065,2080,15166.

Industry

4491 Benjamin, Nancy C., and Shantayanan Devarajan. "Oil revenues and the Cameroonian economy." In: The Political Economy of Cameroon, edited by Michael G. Schatzberg and I. William Zartman. New York: Praeger, 1986. 161-188 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Manufacturing sector, Oil industry, Economic growth rate, Agricultural production, Government economic management. KEYWORDS : SNH (Société Nationale des Hydrocarbures). States that oil export revenue dwarfs other Cameroonian revenue, even though oil production is relatively small, having only started in the 1970s. Examines the economic strategies undertaken by the

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government toward oil. Suggests that Cameroon's cautionary approach has enabled it to avoid the "Dutch disease." 4492 Karmiloff, Igor. "Cameroon." In: Manufacturing Africa: Performance and Prospects of Seven Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Roger C. Riddell. London: James Currey, 1990.109-151 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Manufacturing sector, Industrial development, Economic crisis. Summarizes key industries in Cameroon's manufacturing sector and gives essential statistics. Discusses the difficulties encountered during the recession of the 1980s and the attempts to diversify the industrial sector. Notes that future government policy proposes continuation of current programs that the author suggests modifying. 4493 Ndzana, Vianney Ombe. Agriculture, pétrole et politique au Cameroun: sortir de la crise. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1987.167 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Oil industry, Agricultural development, Raw materials, Industrial development, Traditional society, Underdevelopment. KEYWORDS: agroindustry; terms of trade. States that a country has to generate revenue to feed itself. Examines the effects of oil in Cameroon on agricultural development and economic growth. Considers the role that politics plays in Cameroon's development. Calls for greater democracy to further development. 4494 Willame, Jean-Claude. "The practices of a liberal political economy: Import and export substitution in Cameroon (1975-1981)." In: The Political Economy of Cameroon, edited by Michael G. Schatzberg and I. William Zartman. New York: Praeger, 1986. 111132 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Industrial development, State intervention, Agricultural development, Import substitution, Export policy, Case study, Business administration. KEYWORDS: agroindustry; STPC (Société des Tanneries et Peausseries du Cameroun); CELLUCAM (Cellulose of Cameroon); CAMSUCO (Cameroon Sugar Company); sugar. Examines Cameroonian business ventures in order to understand economic decision making in Cameroon and the role of the state in developing agroindustries. Suggests that Cameroonian economic success has been distorted by growing indebtedness, increased unemployment, and capital-intensive, state-run enterprises. SEE ALSO 2191.

Labor

4495 Leunde, Emmanuel. Législation camerounaise du travail. Yaoundé, Cameroon: Clé, 1983. 89 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Legal system, Labor force, Management, Trade union, Wage policy, Household analysis. KEYWORDS: apprenticeship. 4496 Missé, Hermann. Le Droit international du travail en Afrique: le cas du Cameroun. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1987. 263 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Human rights, Labor force, Colonialism, Economic development, Labor policy, Regional integration. KEYWORDS: ILO (International Labour Office). Traces the history of labor policies and labor rights in Cameroon from the colonial era through the 1980s. Examines the ILO's role in labor policy. Shows how the application of labor rights at the national level can lead to better relations and better regional integration. 4497 Ngango, Georges. Politique du développement industriel et commercial du Cameroun considérée du point de vue de l'emploi. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1983. 115 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Commercial sector, Industrial development,

292

• CAMEROON/Labor

Employment, Labor force, Trade union, State intervention, Wage policy. 4498 Pougoue, Paul-Gérard. Droit du travail et de la prévoyance sociale au Cameroun. Yaoundé, Cameroon: Presses Universitaires, 1988. 333 pp. SUBJECTS: Labor force, Wage policy, Colonialism, State intervention, Legal development, Social welfare system, Human rights. KEYWORDS: right to work. Examines the right-to-work and social laws aimed at improving the human condition. Traces these in Cameroon from the era of German colonization through the 1980s. Considers specifically the laws passed in the mid-1970s.

Legal System

4499 Belibi, Joseph. "Le rôle des juridictions dans la protection des droits de l'homme dans l'entreprise au Cameroun." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 43, no. 3/4 (July/October 1989): 398-413. SUBJECTS: Judicial system, Labor policy, Civil rights, Private sector, Legal system. Examines foundation representation of civil worker rights and the labor contract in Cameroonian private enterprise. Analyzes legislation and the role of social jurisdictions in the protection of workers' rights. 4500 Bringer, Peter. "Abiding influence of English and French criminal law in one African country: Some remarks regarding the machinery of criminal justice in Cameroon." Journal of African Law 25, no. 1 (Spring 1981): 1-13. SUBJECTS: Legal system, Crime, Colonialism, Legal development. KEYWORDS: deterrence; criminal law; court police relations; UK-Cameroon relations; FranceCameroon relations. 4501 Kaha, Anou. "Le Procureur de la République 'Janus' de la magistrature camerounaise." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique 95, no. 786/787 (January/June 1985): 115-134. SUBJECTS: Judicial system, Legal development, Political power, Colonialism. 4502 Kontchou-Kuomégni, Augustin. "Vers un nouveau modèle de contrôle de la constitutionnalité des lois au Cameroun." In: Les Cours suprêmes en Afrique : II, La jurisprudence: Droit constitutionnel, droit social, droit international, droit financier, edited by Gérard Conac. Paris: Economica, 1988. 44-65 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Law, Legal development, Constitutional law, Judicial system, Executive power. KEYWORDS: Biya, Paul. Analyzes the development of constitutional law in Cameroon. Addresses the ineffectiveness of constitutional development and describes elements of a new model of constitutional development for Cameroon. 4503 Mbome, François. "Le contrôle de la constitutionnalité des lois au Cameroun." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 35, no. 2 (April/June 1981): 647-663. SUBJECTS: Presidential government, Constitutional law, Legal development, Constitutional development. KEYWORDS: supreme court. 4504 Mbu, A. N. T., and L. L. B. Cantab. The Discipline of Human Rights. Yaoundé, Cameroon: Publishing and Production Centre for Teaching and Research, 1983. 223 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Human rights, Judicial system, Civil service, Legal development. KEYWORDS: community rights. 4505 Mélone, Stanislas. "La Technique de la codification en Afrique: pratique camerounaise." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance

et coopération AO, no. 3/4 (January/June 1986): 307-318. SUBJECTS: Legal system, Law, Legislative action. KEYWORDS: codification of law. Analyzes the development of the legal system in Cameroon after twenty-five years of independence. Examines both recent diverse foreign sources of legal inspiration beyond France and the abandonment of certain French-inspired codes. 4506 Nkolo, Pierrette. "L'Option matrimoniale au Cameroun." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique Vol. 96-97, no. 792 (1986): 464-481. other docs. SUBJECTS: Legal system, Traditional legal system, Judicial system, Marriage, Family. KEYWORDS: polygamy. Examines the cultural and socioeconomic dynamics of the implementation of judicial and legal systems for marriage and family structure in Cameroon. Looks at the conflicts between the legal system inherited from colonialism and the traditional legal system. 4507 Ombiono, Siméon. "Le Mariage coutumier dans le droit positif camérounais." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique no. 799 (January/April 1989): 32-64. SUBJECTS: Marriage, Traditional legal system, Historical analysis, Legal reform. Traces the evolution of the integration of customary marriage and positive law. Examines several colonial decrees and Cameroonian laws on customary marriage after the Ordinance of 1981. Addresses conditions that affect the recognition of marriages by the state and the originality of customary marriage in Cameroonian law. 4508 Pougoué, Paul-Gérard. "Une Relecture des articles 37, 39, 40 et 41 du Codes du Travail Camerounais relatifs à la rupture des relations de travail pour des motifs non économiques." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique no. 802 (January/May 1990): 157-180. SUBJECTS: Labor policy, Legal reform, Law. KEYWORDS: Labor Code of Cameroon 1974. Examines the legal reform of workers' rights as stated in Cameroon's 1974 Labor Code. Analyzes legislative compromises on statutes concerning the absolute power of business owners and the right to a stable employment. Studies the requirement instituted to necessitate a legitimate motive for the dismissal of workers and the intrduction of a new typology of inadequate labor law. 4509 Tjouen, Alexandre-Dieudonné. Droits domaniaux et techniques foncières en droit camerounais: (etude d'une réforme législative). Paris: Economica, 1982. 209 pp. SUBJECTS: Property rights, Legal development, Judicial system, Traditional political system, Land use policy, State power. KEYWORDS: land law. SEE ALSO 2265.

Media and Culture

4510 Collard, Chantai. "Relations between the Guidar of northern Cameroon and the Fulbe (1800-1977)," translated by Erika Monson and Don Monson. In: Image and Reality in African Interethnic Relations: The Fulbe and Their Neighbors, edited by Mario D. Zamora et al. Williamsburg, Virginia: Department of Anthropology, College of William and Mary, 1981. 107-125 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Ethnicity. KEYWORDS: Fulbe people; Guidar people; Guidar-Fulbe relations. 4511 Kobhio, Bassek Ba. Cameroun, la fin du maquis? Presse, livre et "Ouverture démocratique." Paris: L'Harmattan, 1986. 180 pp. SUBJECTS: Democracy, Mass media, Freedom of expression, Censorship. KEYWORDS: journalism; Ahidjo, Ahmadou; Biya, Paul. States that the fall of President Ahidjo caused press censorship to relax and a new political order to develop. Examines the role that

CAMEROON/Politics • 2 9 3 publishing and the press played in Cameroon's development under Paul Biya' s government. Suggests that with the lifting of press restrictions, a new literary era may be emerging. 4512 Mohammadou, Eldridge. Traditions historiques des peuples du Cameroon Central. Vol. 2: Ni-Zoo, Voûté et Kondja. Vol. 2 of 2. Tokyo, Japan: ILCAA, 1990. 302 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Traditional society, Historical analysis, Anthropological analysis, Ethnicity. KEYWORDS: Ni-Zoo people; Voûté people; Kondja people; ILCAA (Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa. Draws on anthropological and ethnographic accounts to provide a historical analysis of the origins of the ethnic groups in Central Cameroon. Explores the social structure and the political and economic organization of those traditional societies of the southern and northern parts of Central Cameroon. 4513 Mohammadou, Eldridge. Traditions historiques des peuples du Cameroun central: Vol. 1 : Mbere et Mboum Tikar. Vol. 1 of 2. Tokyo, Japan: ILCAA, 1990.414 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Traditional society, Historical analysis, Anthropological analysis, Ethnicity. KEYWORDS: Adamaoua Region, Cameroon; Mbere people; Mboum people; Tikar people; ILCAA (Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa. Draws on anthroplogical and ethnographic accounts to provide a historical analysis of the origins of the ethnic groups of the Adamaoua region in Southern Cameroon. Explores the political, social, and economic organization of those traditional societies. 4514 Owono, Rigobert Mbala. "Ecole, ethnicité et classes sociales." In: La Qûete du savoir: essais pour une anthropologie de l'éducation camerounaise, edited by Renaud Santerre and Céline MercierTremblay. Montreal, Canada: Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal, 1982. 580-596 pp. SUBJECTS: Education system, Ethnicity, Class analysis, Traditional society.

Migration

4515 Beauvilain, Alain. "Evolution démographique et faits migratoires dans les cantons Guisseye, Mousseye et Bougoudoum." Revue de géographie du Cameroun 4, no. 1 (1983): 45-53. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Migration pattern. KEYWORDS: Fulani people; Guisseye canton, Cameroon; Mousseye canton, Cameroon; Bougoudoum canton, Cameroon. 4516 Trouve, J., and C. Bessat. L'Exode rural des jeunes et les politiques gouvernementales de développement: l'expérience camerounaise. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Organisation, 1981. 91 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Rural-urban migration, Demographic analysis, Migration pattern, Political development, Agricultural development, Youth issues.

Cameroon coup attempt April 6, 1984. SEE ALSO 2542.

Planning and Development

4518 No Author. Valorisation et utilisation des ressources humaines au Cameroun. Yaoundé, Cameroon: Clé, 1984. 447 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Human resources development, State intervention, Development planning, Education policy, Industrial sector, Rural development, Informal sector. 4519 Cameroon, Republic of. High-Level Expert Group Meetings Preparatory to the Fourth General Conference of UNIDO: Accelerated Development of Human Resources for Industrial Development. Yaoundé, Cameroon: Accelerated Development of Human Resources, 1983.47 pp. SUBJECTS: Human resources development, Industrial development, Development planning, Development financing, Technical training. KEYWORDS: UNIDO (UN Industrial Development Organization). 4520 Mainet, Guy. Douala: croissance et servitudes. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1985. 611 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Squatter community, Urbanization, Urban development, Development planning, Commercial sector. KEYWORDS: Douala, Cameroon; regional metropole; spatial analysis. 4521 Metangmo, Pierre-Marie. Développer pour libérer: l'exemple de Bafou, une communauté rurale africaine. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1986.155 pp. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Agricultural cooperatives, Community development, Development planning, Local development. KEYWORDS: Bamileke people; Bafou, Cameroon; GAM (Groupement d'Agriculteurs Modernes). Examines the integrated development project of Bafou in order to understand commercial relations within the local community. Suggests that the most successful projects are those that work at the local level. 4522 Ndongko, Wilfred A. "The political economy of development in Cameroon: Relations between the state, indigenous business, and foreign investors." In: The Political Economy of Cameroon, edited by Michael G. Schatzberg and I. William Zartman. New York: Praeger, 1986. 83-110 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: State intervention, Foreign investment, Self-reliance, Development policy, Political economy studies, Even development, Market economy. KEYWORDS: social justice; FONADER (Fonds National de Développement Rural); indigenous capitalism. Examines the triangular relationship between the state, foreign capital, and indigenous capitalists. States that development plans have provided economic growth but have also used large amounts of foreign investment and created a local bourgeois class. Explores the role of state intervention in development. SEE ALSO 9530.

Military Affairs

4517 Oyono, Dieudonné. "Le Coup d'état manqué du 6 avril 1984 et les engagements de politique étrangère du Cameroun." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 223/224 (1984): 48-56. SUBJECTS: Intervention policy, Coup d'état, Military aid. KEYWORDS: Biya, Paul; Ahidjo, Ahmadou; UPC (Union des Populations Camerounaises); France-Cameroon relations;

Politics

4523 Abiabag, Issa. "Réflexions sur le régime camerounais des immunités parlementaires." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 36, no. 3/4 (July/December 1982): 947-

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955. other docs. SUBJECTS: Political power, Legal system, Parliamentary government, Political power. 4524 Aletum,MichealTabuwe. The Cameroon People's Democratic Movement and Democracy. Yaoundé, Cameroon: University of Yaoundé, 1985. 20 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Democracy, Political participation, Political parties. KEYWORDS: CPDM (Cameroon P e o p l e ' s Democratic Movement); RDPC (Rassemblement Démocratique du Peuple Camerounais). 4525 Bayart, Jean-François. "Cameroon." In: Contemporary West African States, edited by Donal B. Cruise O'Brien, John Dunn, and Richard Rathbone. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1989. 31-48 pp. SUBJECTS: Political history, Political succession. KEYWORDS: Ahidjo, Ahmadou; Biya, Paul; UNC (Union Nationale Camerounaise). Analyzes the crisis of succession from Ahidjo to Biya, placing the period 1967-1987 in historical perspective. 4526 Bayart, Jean-François. L'Etat au Cameroun. Paris: Presses de la Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques, 1984.298 pp. SUBJECTS: Political history, One-party system, Colonialism, Ruling class, Presidential government. KEYWORDS: Ahidjo, Ahmadou; UNC (Union Nationale Camerounaise); English Cameroon; Bamileke people. 4527 Bayart, Jean-François. L'Etat au Cameroun. 2nd ed. Paris: Presses de la Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques, 1985. 348 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Political history, One-party system, Political control, Presidential government, State power, Class formation. K E Y W O R D S : A h i d j o , Ahmadou; UNC (Union Nationale Camerounaise); English Cameroon; Bamileke people. 4528 Beti, Mongo. Lettre ouverte aux camerounais, ou, la deuxième mort de Ruben Um Nyobe. Rouen, France: Editions des Peuples Noirs, 1986.131 pp. SUBJECTS : Democracy, Corruption, Political development, National liberation movement. KEYWORDS: Biya, Paul; Nyobe, Ruben Um; Ahidjo, Ahmadou. States that President Ahidjo was replaced after twenty years by President Biya, who has spoken of political liberalization and a new moral order. Examines the sincerity of Biya's statements as reflected through his political parties. Argues that Biya is not sincere and that repression continues to be severe. 4529 Biyiti bi Essam, J. P. Cameroun: complots et bruits de bottes: quelques données pour débrouiller l'écheveau. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1984. 117 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Presidential government, Political succession. KEYWORDS: Ahidjo, Ahmadou; Biya, Paul; UNC (Union Nationale Camerounaise). 4530 Citizens Group. Le Renouveau camerounais: certitudes et défis: essai sur les douze premiers mois du Président Paul Biya. Yaoundé, Cameroon: ESSTI, 1983. 275 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Leadership analysis, Political succession, One-party system, Political ideology, Economic development, Democracy. KEYWORDS: Biya, Paul; Ahidjo, Ahmadou; security organization; UNC (Union Nationale Camerounaise). 4531 Decraene, Philippe. "Cameroun: l'irrésistible ascension de M. Biya." L'Afrique et l'Asie modernes 138 (1983): 3-11. SUBJECTS: Presidential government, Political crisis. KEYWORDS: Ahidjo, Ahmadou; UNC (Union Nationale Camerounaise); Biya, Paul. 45 32 DeLancey, Mark W. 'The construction of the Cameroon political system: The Ahidjo years, 1958-1982." Journal of Contemporary African Studies 6, no. 1/2 (April/October 1987): 3-24. SUBJECTS: Political system, Human rights, Government bureaucracy, Centralized authority, Ethnic conflict, Elite analysis, Repression. KEYWORDS: Ahidjo, Ahmadou; UNTC (Union Nationale des Travailleurs du

Cameroun); UNC (Union Nationale Camerounaise). Discusses the power of Ahmadou Ahidjo and the political system he developed as the first ruler of independent Cameroon. Claims that instead of creating a national identity, Ahidjo created a nation of ethnic division through patronage and violence. Argues that his repressive legacy still hinders President Biya. 4533 Eonè, Tadjè. Radios publics et pouvoirs au Cameroun: utilisations officielles et besoins sociaux. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1990. 287 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Mass media, Political power, State intervention, Policy analysis, Sociological analysis. KEYWORDS: Radio Cameroon; Radio France International. Addresses the sociocultural role of radio as the strongest mass communication medium in Cameroon. Examines the relationship between the radio medium and the political power system and society. 4534 Eteki-Otabela, Marie-Louise. Misère et grandeur de la démocratie au Cameroun. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1987. 144 pp. SUBJECTS: Democracy, One-party system, Women's studies, Political power, Ethnicity. KEYWORDS: pluralism; UNC (Union Nationale Camerounaise); Ahidjo, Ahmadou. Asks whether the removal of President Ahidjo from power marks the beginnings of a movement toward ending totalitarian practices in Cameroon. Addresses the roles that both women and different ethnic groups play in the political process. Suggests that regionalism is important to the democratization of Cameroon. 4535 Eyinga, Abel. Introduction à la politique camerounaise. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1984. 356 pp. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Elections, Neocolonialism, Independence movement, Political development. KEYWORDS: UN; UN General Assembly Resolution 1394 (XIII); Ahidjo, Ahmadou; France-Cameroon relations; UPC (Union des Populations Camerounaises). 4536 Fisiy, Cyprian F. "La Monopole juridictionnel de l'état et le règlement des affaires de sorcellerie au Cameroun." Politique africaine no. 40 (December 1990): 60-71. SUBJECTS: State power, Centralized authority, Legal system. KEYWORDS: witchcraft. Analyzes the ties between state legal jurisdiction—influenced by colonial and other practices—over traditional social practices in Cameroon. Examines witchcraft in Southern Cameroon and the empirical specifications that place it within the state's legal jurisdiction. Presents diverse interpretations of witchcraft. 4537 Fogui, Jean-Pierre. L'Intégration politique au Camerooon: une analyse centre-périphérie. Paris: Librairie Générale de Droit et de Jurisprudence, 1990. 379 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Political integration, Powerpolitics, Socioeconomic analysis, Political analysis. Provides an insightful analysis of political integration policy in Cameroon. Draws on history to address political organization and political efficiency in both colonial Cameroon and independent Cameroon. 4538 Fotsing, Jean-Baptiste. "Le Pouvoir fiscal local en Afrique: la résistance du système traditionnel au système moderne: cas de l'OuestCameroun." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique no. 802 (January/May 1990): 73-116. SUBJECTS: Traditional political system, Social change, Local government, Fiscal policy. Looks at the weakness of national power centers and the persistence of local values and institutions. Claims that in spite of attempts to incorporate localities into national systems and invalidate traditional institutions with respect to fiscality, the latter have benefited from the incompetence of the central government and their agendas thrive. 4539 Gaillard, Philippe. Le Cameroun. Vol. 2 of 2. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1989. 240 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Political analysis, Leadership analysis, Government analysis,

CAMEROON/Politics • 295 Economic analysis, Cultural policy, International relations. KEYWORDS: Ahidjo, Ahmadou; Biya, Paul. Examines contemporary Cameroon by analyzing the different political systems, from Ahidjo to Biya. Explores the development program in terms of economic, cultural, and international policies. 4540 Genest, Serge. "Les 'Forgerons' Mafa du Cameroun septentrional: entre savoir et pouvoir." In: Dialoger avec le léopard? edited by Boqumil Jewsiewicki and Henri Moniot. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1988. 309-326 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Political power, Traditional authority, Small business. KEYWORDS: blacksmith; Mafa people. Examines the political status of Mafa blacksmiths in Northern Cameroon. Analyzes the traditional and modem societal roles of blacksmiths that affect local economics and politics and determines that blacksmiths remain powerful political figures in Mafa culture. 4541 Geschiere, Peter, and Jos Van Der Klei. "La Relation étatpaysans et ses ambivalences: modes populaires d' action politique chez les Maka (Cameroun) et les Diola (Casamance)." In: L'Etat contemporain en Afrique, edited by Emmanuel Terray. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1987. 297-340 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Senegal. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Peasant class, State power. KEYWORDS: Maka people; Diola people. Analyzes relations between the state and peasants and processes of political action in the context of the Maka and Diola peoples of Africa. Claims that the weaknesses and instabilities of contemporary African states can be understood only by examining the particular impact and popular reactions to new relations of domination. 4542 Gwellem, Jerome. Paul Biya, hero of the New Deal. Limbe, Cameroon: Gwellem, 1984. 68 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Leadership analysis. KEYWORDS: Ahidjo, Ahmadou; Rigour and Moralisation Policy; Limangana, Tori; UNC (Union Nationale Camerounaise); Biya, Paul. 4543 Hebga, Joseph-Antoine. "Expérience démocratique et réalités socio-économiques de l'Afrique Noire: le cas du Cameroun." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 215/216 (1983): 127-136. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Democratization, Democracy. 4544 Kamga, Victor. Duel camerounais: démocratie ou barbarie. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1985. 201 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Democracy, Cultural policy, Political repression, Leadership analysis. KEYWORDS: Ahidjo, Ahmadou; Biya, Paul; UNC (Union Nationale Camerounaise); Bamileke people. 4545 Kuissu, Siméon. "La Faillite retentissante de la technocratie 'bardée de diplômes' et la nécessité de la lutte pour la démocratie au Cameroun." Peuples noirs; peuples africains 10, no. 55/58 (January/August 1987): 220-260. SUBJECTS: Democracy, Capitalist economy, Economic crisis, Neocolonialism, Political development. KEYWORDS: capital flow; Ahidjo, Ahmadou; Biya, Paul. Explores the political and economic crises plaguing Cameroon today. Calls for democratization of all government institutions in order to address those crises. 4546 LeVine, Victor T. "Leadership and regime changes in perspective." In: The Political Economy of Cameroon, edited by Michael G. Schatzberg and I. William Zartman. New York: Praeger, 1986. 20-52 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Leadership analysis, Presidential government, Political succession. KEYWORDS: Ahidjo, Ahmadou; Biya, Paul; UPC (Union des Populations Camerounaises); UNC (Union Nationale Camerounaise). Traces the history of political change in Cameroon from the colonial era through Paul Biya's administration, focusing on the transfer and structure of power. Emphasizes the changes that occurred

when Paul Biya replaced Ahmadou Ahidjo as president. 4547 Mawhood, Philip. "Applying the French model in Cameroon." In: Local Government in the Third World: The Experience of Tropical Africa, edited by Philip Mawhood. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1983.177-200 pp. SUBJECTS: Local government, Decentralization. KEYWORDS: French government model. 4548 Mbarga, Emile. Les Institutions politiques du Cameroun. Yaoundé, Cameroon: Imprimerie Nationale, 1982. 210 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Elections, Legal development, Political development, Presidential government, Judicial system, Constitutional development. KEYWORDS: UNC (Union Nationale Camerounaise). 4549 Mbembe, J. A. "Pouvoir des morts et langage des vivants: les errances de la mémoire nationaliste au Cameroun." Politique africaine no. 22 (June 1986): 37-72. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Nationalism, Colonialism, Traditional society, State formation. KEYWORDS: UPC (Union des Populations Camerounaises); Um Nyobe, Ruben. Analyzes the issues that have surrounded nationalism since the precolonial era. Traces the history of political nationalism, the independence movement in Cameroon, and song lyrics to determine reactions to political independence. 4550 Mbome, François. "Réflexions sur la réforme constitutionnelle du 18 novembre 1983 au Cameroun." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 227/228 (1984): 20-36. SUBJECTS: Political theory, Constitutional development, Elections, Constitutional reform. KEYWORDS: Ahidjo, Ahmadou; Biya, Paul; UNC (Union Nationale Camerounaise). 4551 Mbome, François. "Réflexions sur la réforme constitutionnelle du 9 juin 1979 au Cameroun." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique 91, no. 773 (July/September 1981): 34-47. SUBJECTS: Political theory, Constitutional development, Constitutional law, Constitutional reform, Presidential government, Decentralization. 4552 Michael, Aletum Tabuwe, and Fisiy Cyprian Fonyuy. Sociopolitical Integration and the Nso Institutions: Cameroon. Yaounde, Cameroon: Institute of Human Sciences, 1989. 73 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Political integration, Religion, State formation, Traditional authority, Administration. KEYWORDS: social integration; Takibu Council; Nso people; Fon (chief/leader of Nso people). Examines the processes of sociopolitical integration and the institutions of the Nso Fondom. Focuses on those processes that have successfully molded together peoples of various origins into a powerful kingdom under one monarch. Identifies those determinants in a traditional society that militate in favor of sociopolitical integration. 4553 Mitchell, Dennis. "Cameroon: A quarter century as a nation." African Studies Association Papers 28, no. 89 (November 1985) : 1 -15. SUBJECTS: Human rights, One-party system, Economic development, Corruption, Agricultural policy, Smallholder agriculture, Elite analysis. KEYWORDS: Ahidjo, Ahmadou; Biya, Paul. 4554 Monga, Célestin. Cameroun: quel avenir? Paris: Silex, 1986. 315 pp. tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Coup d'état, Political power, Political history, Leadership analysis, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: Biya, Paul; Ahidjo, Ahmadou; France-Cameroon relations; UNC (Union Nationale Camerounaise); RDPC (Rassemblement Démocratique du Peuple Camerounais). Analyzes events in Cameroun from 1982 through 1984. Presents a daily chronicle of important political events, documents, and speeches made by the principal political actors in Cameroon during that time. Considers the country's future political prospects. 4555 Moutard, Gilbert. "1983-1984: deux ans de tourmente au

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Cameroun." Afrique contemporaine 135 (July/September 1985): 3845. SUBJECTS: Political analysis, Leadership analysis. KEYWORDS: government opposition; UNC (Union Nationale Camerounaise); Ahidjo, Ahmadou; UPC (Union des Populations Camerounaises); Biya, Paul. 4556 Ngayap, Pienre Flambeau. Cameroun, qui gouverne? De Ahidjo àBiya: l'héritage et l'enjeu. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1983. 351 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Leadership analysis, Political development, Political succession, Presidential government, Ruling class, Government bureaucracy. KEYWORDS: UNC (Union Nationale Camerounaise); Ahidjo, Ahmadou; Biya, Paul. 4557 Ngu, Manfred S. "Anglophone, Francophone: False and real matters about the need of democracy and development of Kamerunians." Peuples noirs; peuples africains 10, no. 55/58 (January/August 1987): 150-173. SUBJECTS: Democracy, Corruption, Capitalist development, Language policy, Neocolonialism, Socialist government. Explores the problems that faced Cameroon in the 1980s. Suggests that the present government has retained close ties to the Western capitalist system, which has encouraged political corruption. Calls for the development of a socialist state with greater autonomy from the West. 4558 Nlep, Roger-Gabriel. L'Administration publique camerounaise "Contribution à l'étude des systèmes africains d'administration publique." Paris: Librairie Générale de Droit et de Jurisprudence, 1986.406 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Public administration, Traditional society, Colonialism, Political development, National integration. KEYWORDS: UNC (Union Nationale Camerounaise); France-Cameroon relations. Explores the degree to which Cameroon's political structures are influenced by foreign policy models, specifically the French one. Questions the degree to which Cameroon has split from the colonial system even while developing its own unique political, administrative, and legal systems. 4559 Nouga, Adalbert. Contribution à l'analyse des régimes présidentiels en Afrique noire francophone: l'exemple du Cameroun. Fribourg, Switzerland: Editions Universitaires, 1984. 220 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Presidential government, Political development, Democracy, Personalized leadership, One-party system, Banking, Constitution. KEYWORDS: Francophone Africa; savings. 4560 Oyono, Dieudonné. Avec ou sans la France? la politique africaine du Cameroon depuis 1960. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1990. 201 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Political analysis, Political integration, International politics, Conflict resolution. KEYWORDS: OAU; OCAM (Organisation Commune Africaine et Malgache); France-Cameroon relations. Draws on historical accounts to explore the development and changes in the cooperation and international relations policies of Cameroon since 1960. Examines the integration policy to join the regional organization of African Francophone countries, relations with OAU, and redefinition of relations with France. 4561 Oyono, Dieudonné. "Comment les Camerounais perçoivent-ils leur nouveau président de la République." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 215/216 (1983): 3-10. SUBJECTS: Presidential government, Leadership analysis. KEYWORDS: Ahidjo, Ahmadou; Biya, Paul; popular opinion. 4562 Schilder, Kees. State Formation, Religion and Land Tenure in Cameroon. Leiden, Netherlands: African Studies Centre, 1988. 257 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS : Bibliography, State formation, Religion, Land

tenure system, Urbanization, Nation-building, State intervention. A bibliography that centers on the development of the state, religion, and land use in Cameroon. 4563 Woum, Joseph Marie Bipoum. "Le Nouveau Cameroun politique." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 37, no. 3 (June 1983): 655-692. SUBJECTS: One-party system, Political development, Public sector, Presidential government. KEYWORDS: Ahidjo, Ahmadou; Biya, Paul. 4564 Woungly-Massaga, Ngouo. Où va le Kamerun? Paris: L'Harmattan, 1984.291 pp. SUBJECTS: Political succession, One-party system, Military intervention, Economic crisis, Political crisis, Social development policy. KEYWORDS: Biya, Paul; UNC (Union Nationale Camerounaise); UPC (Union des Populations Camerounaises); Ahidjo, Ahmadou. 4565 Zang-Atangana, Joseph-Marie. Les Forces politiques au Cameroun réunifié: Tome premier, les partis politiques avant la réunification. Vol. 1 of 3. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1989. 311 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Political parties, Historical analysis, Political analysis, Labor union. KEYWORDS: UPC (Union des Populations Camerounaises); BDC (Bloc Démocratique Camerounais); USC (Union Sociale Camerounaise); MACNA (Mouvement d'Action Nationale); Nigeria-Cameroon relations. Draws on historical accounts to explore the evolution of the political party system in Cameroon. Examines the blossoming of political parties in Eastern and Western Cameroon before the reunification of the two regions. 4566 Zang-Atangana, Joseph-Marie. Les Forces politiques au Cameroun réunifié: Tome 2, /' expérience deL'UC et du KNDP. Vol. 2 of 3. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1989. 195 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Political parties, Historical analysis, Political analysis, National int e g r a t i o n , L e a d e r s h i p analysis. K E Y W O R D S : UC (Union Camerounaise); KNDP (Kameroon National Democratic Party). Presents the organization and structure of the two main political parties that survived the reunification of Cameroon on October 1, 1961: the UC of French-speaking Eastern Cameroon and the KNDP of English-speaking Western Cameroon. 4567 Zang-Atangana, Joseph-Marie. Les Forces politiques au Cameroun réunifié: Tome III, les groupes de pression. Vol. 3 of 3. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1989. 301 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Traditional political system, Religious politics, Labor union, Armed forces, Youth issues, Traditional authority. Presents the traditional political systems as groups with influence in the political and power structures in Cameroon. Examines the role and influence of such groups as the traditional chiefdom and associations, religious groups, labor unions, and youth organizations on political life. SEE ALSO 2681,4742, 9623,13212,15695.

Population

4568 Gubry, Patrick. "Cameroun: d'un natalisme nuancé vers un anti-natalisme modéré?" Cahiers des sciences humaines 24, no. 2 (1988): 185-198. biblio. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Family planning, Fertility, Population policy. KEYWORDS: births. Examines the population and family planning policies of

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Cameroon. Considers the pre-1980 pro-birth-rate attitude and the post-1980 change of orientaton toward an anti-birth rate. Examines the legislation, development plans, effective action, and official government declarations on the issue.

Peter Lang, 1984. 276 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Religion, Religious politics, Traditional religion, Traditional political system, Women's political role. KEYWORDS: Bandjoun, Cameroon; secret societies; age grades.

4569 Nkoungourou E b o n g u e , Abdel, and Etienne Fotso. "Cameroun." In: L'Evaluation des effectifs de la population des pays africains, vol. 1, edited by Groupe de Démographie Africaine. Paris: Groupe de Démographie Africaine, 1982. 11-29 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Population growth, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: census.

4574 Ouamba, Fabien. "Le Pasteur face aux contraintes de la vie quotidienne: l'exemple de l'eglise évangélique du Cameroun." Politique africaine no. 35 (October 1989): 27-38. SUBJECTS: Religion, Christianity, Economic crisis, Finance policy. KEYWORDS: Ouamba, Fabien. Addresses church financial policy in Cameroon. Notes the pastor and the pastor's income, church budgets, social and familial support, and the pastor's identity in the changing African society. Examines a pastor's role given the weak financial structure of congregations.

Private Sector

SEE ALSO 3159, 5085, 5087, 6037.

Regionalism/Nationalism

4570 DeLancey, Mark W. "Cameroon's foreign relations." In: The Political Economy of Cameroon, edited by Michael G. Schatzberg and I. William Zartman. New York: Praeger, 1986. 189-217 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, Capitalist development, Decolonization, Nonaligned nation, Economic integration, Regional development, Trade relations. KEYWORDS: UPC (Union des Populations Camerounaises); Ahidjo, Ahmadou; France-Cameroon relations. Examines the Cameroon government's foreign policy since independence. States that it has been capitalistic and pro-Western. Suggests the growing disengagement of Cameroon from France as Cameroon diversifies its trading and investment partners. 4571 Pokam, E. Kengne. La Problématique de l'unité nationale au Cameroun: dichotomie entre discours et pratique politiques dans un système monolithique. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1986.163 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Nationalism, Political development, Ethnicity, Nation-building. KEYWORDS: Ahidjo, Ahmadou; Bamileke people. Explores the question of national unity in Cameroon and its role in the state's political structures. Examines Ahidjo's political ideology and government, relating them to nationalism in Cameroon. Addresses the impact of nationalism on the Bamileke.

Religion

4572 Bayart, Jean-François, and Achille Mbembe. "La Bataille de l'archidiocèse de Douala." Politique africaine no. 35 (October 1989): 77-84. SUBJECTS: Religious politics, Christianity. KEYWORDS: Douala, Cameroon; Catholic Church; Bamileke people. Examines the intrachurch battle over the position of archbishop of Douala. Analyzes documents that claim that a new Bamileke archbishop would appoint a Bamileke hierarchy to conduct church affairs and relations with the state, thus giving the Bamileke undue power. 4573 Maillard, Bernard. Pouvoir et religion: les structures sociréligieuses de la chefferie deBandjou (Cameroun). Bern, Switzerland:

Rural Development

4575 Dravi, Mokpokpo Muki. The Alleviation of Rural Poverty in Cameroon. Rome, Italy: FAO, 1984. 80 pp. biblio, other docs. SUBJECTS: Rural poverty, Economic growth rate, Development policy, Rural development. KEYWORDS: FAO Rural Organisations Action Programme; Supreme Rural Development Council; Cameroon Fifth Five Year Plan 1981-1986. 4576 Franqueville, André. "L'Offre paysanne en produits vivriers dans le Sud-Cameroun." In: Nourrir les villes en Afrique subsaharienne, edited by N. Bricas, G. Courade, J. Coussy, and Ph. Hugon. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1985. 122-135 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Food production, Rural-urban relations, Peasant economy, Women's economic role. KEYWORDS: SODECAO (Société de Développement du Cacao); Yaoundé, Cameroon; vegetables. 4577 Franqueville, André. "La Population rurale africaine face à la pénétration de l'économie moderne: le cas du Sud-Cameroun." In: Le Développement rural en questions: paysages, espaces ruraux, systèmes agraires, edited by Chantai Blanc-Pamard. Paris: L'ORSTOM, 1984. 433-445 pp. biblio, maps. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Socioeconomic analysis, Rural-urban relations, Transportation system. KEYWORDS: cocoa; Yaoundé, Cameroon; Douala, Cameroon; Western Province, Cameroon. 4578 Geschiere, Peter. "Hegemonic regimes and popular protest— Bayart, Gramsci and the state in Cameroon." Les cahiers du CEDAF no. 2/4 (July 1986): 309-347. ALSO COVERS: Africa. SUBJECTS: Resistance movement, Class analysis, Rural development, Village development, State intervention, Hegemony. KEYWORDS: Bayart, Jean-François; popular protest; Maka people; Eastern Province, Cameroon; Gramsci, Antonio. Suggests that a paradox emerges in the analysis of state penetration at the local level in Africa: while the state is becoming increasingly authoritarian, it remains unable to control local development. Examines this paradox in respect to the Maka of Eastern Cameroon. 4579 Geschiere, Peter. "Paysans, régime national et recherche hégémonique: l'implantation de l'U(N)C, le 'Grand Parti National,' dans les villages Maka." Politique africaine no. 22 (June 1986): 73-100. SUBJECTS: Peasant society, Political parties, Government analysis, Traditional society, Political elite, Hegemony, Village development. KEYWORDS: UNC (Union Nationale Camerounaise); Maka people; regional politics; ZAPI (Zones d'Actions Prioritaires Integrées).

298

• CAMEROON/Rural D e v e l o p m e n t

Assesses the relationship between the Cameroon political party and traditional structures among the Maka of Eastern Cameroon. Explores the role and impact of the party at the village level. Asserts that the national political party does not have that much influence but that ZAPI, the regional development organization, does. 4580 Hallaire, Antoinette. "Les Transformations d'un système de production chez les paysans-montagnards du Nord-Cameroun, ou les 'dangers du mimétisme.'" In: Le Développement rural en questions: paysages, espaces ruraux, systèmes agraires, edited by Chantai BlancPamard. Paris: L'ORSTOM, 1984.257-266pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Rural development, Ecological analysis, Peasant society. KEYWORDS: Goudé people; Northern Province, Cameroon. 4581 Langley, Philip. ZOGID (Zone of Guided Integrated Development): A Research Contribution to Rural Development. Douala, Cameroon: IPD (Institut Panafricain pour le Développement), 1982. 167 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Integrated rural development, Regional development, Development planning, Cash crop production, Village development. KEYWORDS: Southwest Province, Cameroon; Buea, Cameroon. 4582 Ngwa Nebasina, Emmanuel. "Micro-planning: A departure base for Cameroon's rural uplift." Revue de géographie du Cameroun 5, no. 1 (1985): 28-34. maps. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Development planning, Village development. KEYWORDS: SEMRY (Secteur Expérimental de Modernisation de la Riziculture de Yagoua); SODERIM; UNVDA; Upper Menchum Valley, Cameroon. 4583 Okafor, Theresa Ifeanyichikwu. The Role of Women in Village Development: Income Earning and Participation in Massaka, S. W. Cameroon. Buea, Cameroon: Regional Pan African Institute, 1981. 20 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Village development, Women's economic role, Rural development, Income distribution, Migration, Food production, Political development. KEYWORDS: South West Province, Cameroon; Massaka, Cameroon. SEE ALSO 3336, 3368.

Socioeconomic Analysis

SEE ALSO 6719.

Technology

4584 Agbor-Tabi, Peter. "Le Choix de technologies et la promotion de l'emploi dans les pays en développement: étude de cas sur le Cameroun." Présence africaine 142 (1987): 108-118. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Agricultural technology, Technological development, Labor force. Examines the effects of the technological choices that serve to generate employment in Cameroon. Explores Cameroon's labor force and the type of work prevalent in Cameroon during 1977-1987. Finds small-scale mechanization to be the most desirable, especially within the agricultural sector. 4585 Roupsard, Marcel. "Le Point sur la culture attelée et la

motorisation au Nord Cameroun." Cahiers des sciences humaines 20, no. 3/4 (1984): 613-631. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural technology, Rural development, Technology transfer, Agricultural development, Livestock production. KEYWORDS: agricultural mechanization; animal traction; S O D E C O T O N (Société de Développement du Coton); Nord Province, Cameroon.

Trade

4586 Gankou, Jean-Marie. Echange et développement: l'économie camerounaise. Paris: Economica, 1985. 175 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Trade policy, Economic development, Commercial sector, Export policy, Import policy, State intervention. KEYWORDS: balance of trade.

Urban Development

4587 Canel, Patrick, Philippe Delis, Christian Girard, and Alain Guiheux. Construire la ville africaine: histoires comparées de chantiers d'habitation autoproduits à Douala, Cameroun et à Kinshasa, Zaire. Paris: Ministère de l'Urbanisme et du Logement Plan Construction..., 1984. 308 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Zaire. SUBJECTS: Urban development, Construction industry, Urban planning policy, Self-help, Household analysis, Housing policy. KEYWORDS : Douala, Cameroon; Kinshasa, Zaire. 4588 Dongmo, Jean-Louis. Le Dynamisme bamiléké: la maîtrise de l'espace urbain. Vol. 2 of 2. Yaoundé, Cameroon: Centre d'Edition et de Production pour l'Enseignement et la Recherche, 1981. 293 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Gabon. SUBJECTS: Urbanization, Urban development, Labor force, Commercial sector, Transportation system, Industrial development. KEYWORDS: Douala, Cameroon; Yaoundé, Cameroon; Nkangsamba, Cameroon; wage labor; Bamileke people. 4589 Franqueville, André. Une Afrique entre le village et la ville: les migrations dans le sud du Cameroun. Paris: ORSTOM, 1987. 646 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Urbanization, Migration pattern, Village development, Urban development, Family. KEYWORDS: Yaoundé, Cameroon. States that Cameroon faces the major problems of rural exodus and hyperurban migration. Examines the impact of that rapid migration on urban and rural communities in southern Cameroon. 4590 Franqueville, André. Yaoundé: construire une capitale. Paris: ORSTOM, 1984. 192 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Urbanization, U r b a n d e v e l o p m e n t , E m p l o y m e n t , D e m o g r a p h i c analysis. KEYWORDS: Yaoundé, Cameroon. 4591 Soh Bejeng, Pius. Abakpa, Mankon, Bamenda: Creation and Evolution of an Urban Centre in a Traditional Milieu. Yaoundé, Cameroon: Délégation Générale à la Recherche Scientifique et Technique, 1983. 44 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Traditional society, Urban development, Urbanization, Elite analysis. KEYWORDS: settlement pattern; Abakpa, Cameroon; Mankon, Cameroon; Bamenda, Cameroon. 4592 Tandap, Lucas. "Urbanization and population redistribution

CAPE VERDE/Agriculture • 299 trends in Cameroon." In: Redistribution of Population in Africa, edited by John I. Clarke and Leszek A. Kosinski. London: Heinemann, 1982. 138-145 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Population distribution, Urbanization, Urban growth. 4593 Youana, Jean. "Mbandjock: processus de mutation d'une ville d'ouvriers et manoeuvres agricoles." Revue de géographie du Cameroun 6, no. 1 (1986): 44-64. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Economic development, Urban population, Urban planning policy, Rural-urban migration. KEYWORDS: Mbandjock, Cameroon; spatial analysis; sugar. Discusses the government-sponsored sugar industry in Mbandjock in Central Cameroon, set up in order to divert the migration that is going on from the rural community to the large cities of Yaoundé and Douala.

Women and Gender

4594 Azevedo, Mario, Gwendolyn Prater, and Margaret Dwight. "The status of women in Cameroon and Chad." In: Cameroon and Chad in Historical and Contemporary Perspectives, edited by Mario Azevedo. Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellen, 1988. 155-184 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Chad. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Women's rights, Education level, Traditional society, Marriage. KEYWORDS: polygyny; abortion. Highlights the plight of women in Cameroon and Chad, where women constitute the majority of the population. Discusses the changing status of women, marriage, abortion, and infertility. 4595 Barbier, Jean-Claude, ed. Femmes du Cameroun: méres pacifiques, femmes rebelles. Bondy, France: ORSTOM, 1985. 402 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Sex role, Women's studies, Economic development, Traditional society. KEYWORDS: motherhood; women's resistance. 4596 DeLancey, Mark W. "Women's cooperatives in Cameroon: The cooperative experiences of the Northwest and Southwest provinces." The African Studies Review 30, no. 1 (March 1987): 1-19. SUBJECTS: Cooperatives, Women and development, Economic planning, Women's studies. KEYWORDS: women traders; Northwest Province, Cameroon; Southwest Province, Cameroon; women's associations. Compares women's cooperative movements in the Northwest and Southwest provinces of Cameroon. Analyzes the way that low levels of capital and education, bad leadership, and inadequate planning have stifled the movement. States that, nevertheless, the movement has gained a foothold in the development of English Cameroon. 4597 Delancey, Mark W. "Women's palm oil cooperatives, Fako Division, Cameroon: A microstudy in the problems of development."

AfricanStudies AssociationPapers 25, no. 24 (November 1982): 1-24. SUBJECTS: Cooperatives, Women's studies, Credit policy, Economic planning, Free market, Division of labor. KEYWORDS: women's associations; CDC (Cameroon Development Corporation); palm oil; Fako Division, Cameroon. 4598 DeLancey, Virginia. "Wage earner and mother: Compatibility of roles on a Cameroon plantation." In: Women, Education and Modernization of the Family in West Africa, edited by Helen Ware. Canberra, Australia: Department of Demography, Australian National University, 1981. 1-21 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, W o m e n ' s studies, Labor force, Children, Socioeconomic analysis. KEYWORDS: wage labor. 4599 Goheen, Miriam. "Land and the household economy: Women farmers of the grassfields today." In: Agriculture, Women, and Land: The African Experience, edited by Jean Davison. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1988. 90-105 pp. SUBJECTS: Resource distribution, Women's economic role, Household economy, Gender relations, Land tenure system. KEYWORDS: Nso people; labor control. Explores several facets of Nso economy and gender relations in order to place in perspective the problems of women's access to land and capital. Describes the household economy, the allocation of land and labor, distribution of income, and investments of capital, within the context of Nso gender ideology. 4600 Jones, Christine W. "Intra-household bargaining in response to the introduction of new crops: A case study from north Cameroon." In: Understanding Africa's Rural Households and Farming Systems, edited by Joyce Lewinger Moock. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1986. 105-123 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Women's economic role, Agricultural production, Division of labor, Household analysis. KEYWORDS: farming systems research; rice; Northern Province, Cameroon. Examines the relation between women's labor in their husband's rice fields and the intrahousehold distribution of the proceeds from irrigated rice production. Concludes that fanning systems research must examine the implications of technological and productivity changes for intrahousehold contracts. 4601 Konde, Emmanuel. The Use of Women for the Empowerment of Men in African Nationalist Politics: The 1958 "ANLU" in Cameroon. Boston, Massachusetts: African Studies Center, Boston University, 1990. 16 pp. SUBJECTS: Gender relations, Nationalist movement, Women's political role. KEYWORDS: witchcraft; Anlu Uprising 1958. Argues that a Cameroonian uprising attributed to women was in fact organized by men and represents an example of men's use of women to empower themselves. Details men's expression of control over women by manipulating their grievances. Reconstructs the event in order to analyze men's overall strategy in Cameroon. SEE ALSO 3594, 3604, 3612, 3649,15305.

CAPE VERDE Agriculture

4602 Jeanneret, Charles A. "Quelle stratégie pour le Sahel? La difficile harmonisation de la stratégie du CILSS et du Sahel avec

les plans de développement nationaux des pays sahélians." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 16, no. 3 (1982): 443-477. tables. ALSO COVERS: Gambia, Burkina Faso. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Food scarcity, Drought, Agricultural policy. KEYWORDS: Sahel; food security; ecosystem.

300 • CAPE VERDE/Colonialism Colonialism

SEE ALSO 3900, 6111.

Economics

SEE ALSO 546,6113.

Foreign Relations

4603 Murphy, Craig N. "Learning the national interest in Africa: Focus on Cape Verde." TransAfrica Forum 4, no. 2 (Winter 1987): 49-63. S U B J E C T S : International relations, Foreign policy, Diplomatic relations. Demonstrates that radical policies that serve the least advantage have not been successful, by examining the foreign policy of Cape Verde. 4604 Whann, Christopher A. "The political economy of Cape Verde's foreign policy." African Studies Association Papers 29, no. 105 (October/November 1986): 1-19. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Foreign aid, Foreign policy, Migration, Drought, Famine. KEYWORDS: PAIGC. Examines Cape Verde's political balancing act in the world economy, which limits its choices of self-determination. Concludes that its history of diplomacy provides an example for other African countries that have more stability and financial resources.

General

4605 Carreira, Antonio. The People of the Cape Verde Islands: Exploitation and Emigration, translated by Christopher Fyfe. London: C. Hurst, 1982. 224 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Migration pattern, Labor migration, Political history. KEYWORDS: US-Cape Verde relations; Guinea-Cape Verde relations.

other terms unique to Cape Verde. Covers historical sources up to the present and some non-English sources. SEE ALSO 1592, 6096, 6117, 12867.

Planning and Development

4608 Meintel, Deirdre. "Cape Verde: Survival without self-sufficiency." In: African Islands andEnclaves, edited by Robin Cohen. Beverly Hills, California: Sage, 1983.145-166 pp. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Underdevelopment, Foreign aid, National development, Economic development, Self-sufficient economy. KEYWORDS: PortugalCape Verde relations.

Politics

4609 Davidson, Basil. The Fortunate Isles: A Study in African Transformation. Trenton, New Jersey: Africa World, 1989. 221 pp. biblio, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Guinea-Bissau. SUBJECTS: Political history, Independence movement, National development, Colonialism, Women's rights, Political independence. KEYWORDS: Cabral, Amilcar; PAIGC. Examines the political history of Cape Verde, focusing on the personalities and events that were part of the movement for independence from Portugal. Impressions of Cape Verde since independence are given based on the personal experiences of the author, documentary evidence, and interviews with Cape Verdeans.

Population

4610 Conim, Custodio. "Cap Vert." In: L'Evaluation des effectifs de la population des pays africains, vol. 2, edited by Groupe de Démographie Africaine. Paris: Groupe de Démographie Africaine, 1984. 67-86 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Population growth, Migration. KEYWORDS: census.

4606 Foy, Colm. Cape Verde: Politics, Economics and Society. London: Pinter, 1988.199 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Guinea-Bissau. SUBJECTS: Independence movement, Political analysis, Economic analysis, Historical analysis, Foreign policy, Formal education, Health care system. KEYWORDS: PAIGC; Cabral, Amflcar; Cape Verde First National Development Plan 1982-1985; Cape Verde Second National Development Plan 1986-1990; National Literacy Campaign 1988. Overview of Cape Verde, focusing on events since the early 1970s. Discusses government policy in education, health, economics, and foreign relations. Gives a brief introductory history of the colonial period and the struggle for independence.

SEE ALSO 6143.

4607 Lobban, Richard, and Marilyn Halter, eds. Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Cape Verde. 2nd ed. Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow, 1988.171 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Political history. KEYWORDS: PAIGC. Reference work consisting of a Cape Verde dictionary and bibliography. Includes organizations, people, geographic locations, and

4611 Andersson-Brolin, Lillemor. "Daily life without men." In: The Peripheral Centre: Swedish Assistance to Africa in Relation to Women, edited by Karin Himmelstrand and Noella Bickham. Stockholm, Sweden: SIDA, 1985. 68-76 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign aid, Women's economic role, Gender relations. KEYWORDS: SIDA (Swedish International Development Authority).

Social Movement

Women and Gender

CENTRAL AFRICA/General

• 301

CENTRAL AFRICA Agriculture

4612 Dimomfu, Lapika, ed. Problèmes fonciers et politiques agricoles en Afrique centrale. Kinshasa, Zaire: CERDAS, 1988. 223 pp. tables. S U B J E C T S : Land reform, Agricultural policy, Policy recommendation, Nutrition, Rural development, Land tenure system. Presents a three-part analysis of land policy and reform in Central Africa. Introduces the conference from which book articles were taken. Contains essays on improving agricultural production in Africa. Sketches perspectives and policy recommendations on the future of African agriculture. 4613 Fundu, Mbemba. "Revalorisation des denrées alimentaires traditionnelles: une stratégie alimentaire pour l'Afrique centrale." In: Problèmes fonciers et politiques agricoles en Afrique centrale, edited by Lapika Dimomfu. Kinshasa, Zaire: CERDAS, 1988. 183-191 pp. S U B J E C T S : Nutrition, Food production, Agricultural policy, Traditional society. Recognizes Africa's food and nutrition crisis. Proposes that the African people make better use, as nutritional resources, of the thousands of plants found in their environment. Claims that such a policy will improve nutritional intake as well as reassert food self-sufficiency in Africa. 4614 MacDonald, L. H, ed. Agro-Forestry in the African Humid Tropics: Proceedings of a Workshop Held in Ibadan, Nigeria, 27 April-1 May 1981. Tokyo, Japan: UN University, 1982.163 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: West Africa, Nigeria. S U B J E C T S : Forestry industry, Agricultural development, Agricultural extension service, Agricultural technology. 4615 Penouil, Marc. "Interrogations sur l'agriculture africaine." Année africaine (1982): 383-406. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: West Africa. S U B J E C T S : Agricultural marketing, Land tenure system, Price policy, Technological development, Food production. K E Y W O R D S : social conflict.

Chad. SUBJECTS: Economic integration, Economic dependency, Foreign trade, Capital formation, Trade relations. KEYWORDS: UDEAC (Union Douanière et Economique d'Afrique Centrale); CFA monetary area; France-Central Africa relations. Explains the continued dependence of UDEAC countries on France and on international markets. Claims that economic integration between Central African countries has not occurred because the UDEAC agreement does not provide incentives. Argues that integration will happen only if French objectives are met. 4618 Miller, E. Willard, and Ruby M. Miller, eds. The Third WorldCentral Africa: A Bibliography. Monticello, Illinois: Vance Bibliographies, 1990. 24 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Economic analysis, Political analysis, Sociological analysis, International relations, Economic development. Provides a bibliography on Central Africa. Focuses on the political, economic, and social conditions of that region. Highlights the countries of Cameroon, Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Zaire, Angola, and Zambia. SEE ALSO 520, 766, 14980, 14989, 14994, 15017.

Education

4619 Nguema, Issac. "Université, société et développement en Afrique centrale." Présence africaine 143 (1987): 31-90. S U B J E C T S : Higher education, Education policy, National development. States that two questions exist about the relationship of universities to society in Central Africa: the relevance of universities in the Central African context and the contribution of universities to development and society. Argues that universities must aid society and play a political role.

S E E ALSO 148, 5127, 5128, 5132, 5136,14918.

Environment

Class

SEE ALSO 5164.

4616 Kississou-Boma, J. R. Classes sociales et idéologies en Afrique centrale. Brazzaville, Congo: Ecole Supérieure du Parti, 1983.157 pp. S U B J E C T S : Political ideology, Bourgeoisie, Class struggle, Class analysis, Government bureaucracy. KEYWORDS: CVO (Chantiers Vacances Organisés); Ecole Supérieure du Parti.

Foreign Relations

Economics

General

4617 Mbaku, John M., and David R. Kamerschen. "Integration and economic development in sub-Saharan Africa: The case of the Customs and Economic Union of Central African States (UDEAC), 1965-1985." Journal of Contemporary African Studies 7, no. 1/2 (April/October 1988): 3-21. tables. ALSO COVERS: Cameroon,

4620 Bovin, Jean. Social Attitudes and Agricultural Productivity in Central Africa. Paris: Development Centre of the OECD, 1986. 131 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Burundi. S U B J E C T S : Agricultural production, Socioeconomic analysis, Household economy, Case study, Research methodology. KEYWORDS: off-farm income.

S E E ALSO 1449.

302 • CENTRAL AFRICA/General Presents a case study of the situation of farmers in three rural areas of Burundi. Describes in some detail the research methodology. Establishes the basic data required for working out a development policy centered on an increase in agricultural production.

SUBJECTS: Political power, Arts, Literature review. KEYWORDS: African literature. Examines the use of the novel as a means of discerning the political dimensions of Central African society.

4621 Elsammani, Osman. "Socio-economic research and the approach to change in Jonglei Canal area." In: The Nile Valley Countries: Continuity and Change, edited by M. O. Beshir. Khartoum, Sudan: Institute of African and Asian Studies, University of Khartoum, 1984. 72-80 pp. ALSO COVERS: Sudan. SUBJECTS: Resettlement, Development planning. KEYWORDS: Jonglei Scheme.

4628 Ndongko, Wilfred A. "Central Africa regional cooperation in the context of the Lagos Plan of Action." AfricaDevelopmentlAfrique et développement 7, no. 1/2 (1982): 43-59. SUBJECTS: Regional cooperation, Economic development, Industrialization, Trade relations. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980; UDEAC (Union Douanière et Economique d'Afrique Centrale); OAU.

4622 Guillaume, Henri. "'L'Etat sauvage...': Pygmées et forêts d'Afrique centrale." Politique africaine no. 34 (June 1989): 74-82. SUBJECTS: Anthropological analysis, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: Pygmy people; sedentarization. Analyzes Pygmy life and customs in Central Africa. Examines Pygmies' strong tendency toward egalitarianism and their social position of dependence on the greater community.

4629 Orwa, D. Katete. "Non-Alignment: The East African perspective." In: African Perspectives on Non-Alignment, edited by L. Adele Jinadu and Ibbo Mandaza. Harare, Zimbabwe: African Association of Political Science, 1986. 39-46 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Nonaligned nation, Political movement, International relations, Decolonization, Political alliance. KEYWORDS: Bandung Conference on Non-Alignment 1955. Examines the policies of East African nations, upon independence, toward the nonaligned movement. Discusses the motivations behind the participation of these nations and the role that nonalignment plays in their foreign policy development.

4623 Hyman, Eric L. "An economic analysis of small-scale technologies for palm oil extraction in Central and West Africa." World Development 18, no. 3 (March 1990): 455-476. tables. ALSO COVERS: West Africa. SUBJECTS: Appropriate technology, Agricultural production, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: palm oil; small-scale industry. Examines various palm oil processing technologies that are simple to use and maintain and are relatively inexpensive for smallscale farmers. States that adoption of these upgraded technologies could significantly increase productivity and income among smallholders. 4624 Jewsiewicki, B., J. P. Chretien, and F. Montai, eds. Ambiguités de I' innovation: sociétés rurales et technologies en Afrique centrale et occidentale au XXe siècle. Ste. Foy, Quebec, Canada: SAFI, 1984. 357 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: West Africa. SUBJECTS: Peasant society, Migration, Underdevelopment, Political power, Bourgeoisie, Small business. KEYWORDS: traditional agriculture; peanuts; railway transportation; animal traction; traditional technology. 4625 Kandawire, J. A. K. "Social inequality as a crucial problem of research in Southern Africa." In: Southern Africa Research for Development, edited by Michael Malefetsane Sefali. Roma, Lesotho: Institute of Southern African Studies, 1988. 149-162 pp. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Academic research, Economic inequality, Capitalism, Sociological analysis, Traditional society. KEYWORDS: Rhodes-Livingstone Institute; ethics. Examines how social research in the 1940s skirted the problem of social inequality. Stresses the need to analyze social formations resulting from a combination of the capitalist and precapitalist modes. States that social formations considered traditional were in fact colonial. 4626 MacGaffey, W. "On the moderate usefulness of modes of production." Canadian Journal of African StudieslRevue canadienne des études africaines 19, no. 1 (1985): 51-57. biblio. SUBJECTS: Marxist analysis, Economic development, Development theory. KEYWORDS: Meillassoux, Claude; Rey, P. P.; modes of production; Nunu people, Central Africa. 4627 Monnier, Laurent, and M. Kasongo-Ngoy. "Discours romanesque, représentations et figures du pouvoir: esquisse d'une problématique à partir de quelques exemples de romans d'Afrique centrale." Les cahiers du CEDAF no. 1/2/3 (March 1987): 14-20.

4630 Owona, Joseph. "Les Doctrines de sécurité en Afrique centrale (Première partie)." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 235/236 (1985): 3-15. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: National security, Mining, Decolonization, Intervention policy. KEYWORDS: UNIT A; France-Central Africa relations; Belgium-Central Africa relations. 4631 Patel, Jayanti K. "Central Africa: Crisis of growth and development in Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe." In: Africa: Dimensions of the Economic Crisis, edited by Shanti Sadiq Ali and Anirudha Gupta. London: Oriental University Press, 1987. 81-102 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Malawi, Zambia. SUBJECTS: Population growth, Dependency theory, International economic system, Economic development. KEYWORDS: SADCC; IMF. Discusses the inherent crisis of low capabilities, high expectations, and deepening inequality as it affects Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe as part of the ongoing process of change. Emphasizes the significant factors underlying the general nature of the crisis, such as population growth, domestic economic management, and government expenditure. 4632 Pourtier, Roland. "La Dialectique du vide: densité de population et pratiques foncières en Afrique centrale forestière." Politique africaine no. 21 (March 1986): 10-21. ALSO COVERS: Gabon. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Land-use policy, Traditional society, Population density, Environmental degradation, Land tenure system. KEYWORDS: forests; spatial analysis; modes of production. Explores the effects of empty space on land ownership and land use in the forest regions of Central Africa, especially Gabon. Compares traditional land-use policy with Western policies introduced by the colonial powers. Argues that excess space causes conflicts between traditional and Western land use. 4633 Skinner, Elliot P. "Urbanization in Francophone Africa." African Urban Quarterly 1, no. 3/4 (August/November 1986): 191195. ALSO COVERS: West Africa. SUBJECTS: Urbanization, Colonialism, Labor migration. KEYWORDS: Francophone Africa. States that large cities in Francophone Africa have developed in ways that make it difficult to meet the needs of migrants. Describes how people move to cities to improve their livelihood and escape underdevelopment. Examines how the French influenced city

CENTRAL A F R I C A / R e g i o n a l i s m / N a t i o n a l i s m

development so that cities' links are to Paris and not their own hinterlands.

•

303

OAU; MPLA; USSR-Central Africa relations; China.

SEE ALSO 1582, 1680, 5183, 5191, 5216, 13449, 15083, 15096, 15110, 15115, 15139.

Planning and Development

Industry

SEE ALSO 13620.

SEE ALSO 15178.

Politics

Legal System

SEE ALSO 13637,15210.

SEE ALSO 15183.

Population

Media and Culture

4638 Fetter, Bruce. "Labor migration and infertility in Central Africa: A regional approach." African Studies Association Papers 26, no. 51 (December 1983): 1-25. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Malawi, Zaire. SUBJECTS : Population growth, Labor migration, Fertility, Demographic analysis, Economic policy. KEYWORDS: census.

4634 Dandjinou, Pierre S. "La Situation des structures documentaires en Afrique centrale et le rôle du CICIBA." Afrique contemporaine 151, no. 3 (1989): 83-93. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Mass media, Mass communication. KEYWORDS: information systems; CICIBA (Centre International des Civilisations Bantu). Discusses the state of information systems, including libraries and special collections in six central African countries. Examines the actions of CICIBA in the area of its own information and documentation network.

Military Affairs

4635 Duner, Bertil. "Many-pronged spear: External military intervention in civil wars in the 1970s." Journal of Peace Research 20, no. 1 (1983): 59-72. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa, Angola. SUBJECTS: Civil war, Foreign policy, Military intervention, Internal conflict, Guerrilla activity. 4636 Fetter, Bruce. "Changing war aims: Central Africa's role, 194041, as seen in Leopoldville." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 87, no. 348 (July 1988): 377-392. ALSO COVERS: Congo. SUBJECTS: National security, Warfare, Colonialism, Economic development, Government analysis. KEYWORDS: French Equatorial Africa; Pierre Rychmans; Belgium-Central Africa relations; GermanyCentral Africa relations; UK-Central Africa relations. Discusses the Belgian, German, and British roles in World War II, with an emphasis on how those countries' war policies triggered economic actions in Central Africa. States that their changes in planning strategies had varying effects on the African population. Notes that during the war, Africans were forced to maximize production. 4637 Owona, Joseph. "Les Doctrines de sécurité en Afrique centrale (Deuxième partie)." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 237/238 (1985): 43-56. SUBJECTS: National security, Military aid, Foreign aid, Socialist government. KEYWORDS:

4639 Fetter, Bruce. "Relocating Central Africa's biological reproduction, 1945-63." African Studies Association Papers 27, no. 35 (October 1984): 1-27. tables. SUBJECTS: Population growth, Population distribution, Rural-urban migration, Demographic analysis, Women's studies, Mortality rate, Standard of living. KEYWORDS: Kinshasa, Zaire.

Regionalism/Nationalism

4640 Jua, Nantang. "UDEAC: Dream, reality or the making of subimperial steles." Afrika Spectrum 21, no. 2 (1986): 211-223. SUBJECTS: Taxation policy, Regional cooperation, Regional economics. KEYWORDS: UDEAC (Union Douanière et Economique d'Afrique Centrale); customs union; ECCAS (Economic Community of Central African States). Assesses both the contribution of UDEAC to regional economic integration and UDEAC performance since its inception. Examines the precepts on which UDEAC was built and the obstacles that prevent it from being effective. 4641 Mytelka, Lynn Krieger. "Competition, conflict and decline in the Union Douanière et Economique de l ' A f r i q u e Centrale (UDEAC)." In: African Regional Organizations, edited by Domenico Mazzeo. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1984.131-149 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Regional integration, Economic nationalism, Trade relations, Foreign investment, Taxation policy. KEYWORDS: UDEAC (Union Douanière et Economique d'Afrique Centrale); BDEAC (Banque de Développement des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale). 4642 Zang, Laurent. "L'Intégration économique en Afrique centrale: de nouvelles perspectives avec la CEEAC." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines no. 253254 (February/March 1987): 69-99. SUBJECTS: Economic coopéra-

304 • CENTRAL AFRICA/Regionalism/Nationalism tion, Regional cooperation, Economic integration. KEYWORDS: CEEAC (Communauté Economique des Etats d'Afrique Centrale); customs union; Treaty of Libreville, 1983. Gauges the CEEAC's potential to foster economic integration in Central Africa. Examines early plans for economic integration and the establishment of an African common market—a long-sought goal among African states. Claims that the opportunities for increased integration are small and that the future of the CEEAC depends on the maintenance of political willpower and solidarity.

Religion

4643 Triaud, Jean-Louis. "Les Agents religieux islamiques en Afrique tropicale: réflexions autour d'un thème." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 19, no. 2 (1985): 271-282. biblio. ALSO COVERS: West Africa. SUBJECTS: Islamic society, Religion. KEYWORDS: Darfur Region, Sudan. 4644 Verbeek, Leon. Les Salésiens de l'Afrique centrale: bibliographie, 1911-1980. Rome, Italy: LAS, 1982. 141 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Religious politics, Colonialism, Christianity. KEYWORDS: Salesian Fathers; churches; missionaries; Catholic church. SEE ALSO 3310.

Social Movement

4645 Muamba, Bapuwa. "Conférence sur les révolutions en Afrique centrale, un dialogue difficile." Peuples noirs ; peuples africains 9, no. 49 (January/February 1986): 44-70. SUBJECTS: Political repression, Revolutionary movement, Class conflict, Ethnic conflict, Liberation movement. KEYWORDS: Congo-Kinshasa Revolt 1963-1964; MPLA; FRELIMO. Examines the problems of revolution in Central Africa. Explores revolutionary movements in Kwilu and the myths and realities surrounding peasant resistance. Analyzes the dissemination of ideals through oral history. Cites cases from all over Central Africa.

Socioeconomic Analysis

4646 Blandier, Georges. Sociologie actuelle de l'Afrique noire: dynamique sociale en Afrique centrale. 4th ed. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1982. 529 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Anthropological analysis, Sociological analysis, Social change, Ethnicity, Behavioral analysis, Traditional authority. KEYWORDS: Fang people; Bakongo people; messianism. 4647 Forje, John W. "Science, technology and society: An appraisal of the development of science and technology infrastructure and indigenous capacity in the Central African Customs and Economic Union (UDEAC)." Journal ofEastern African Research and Development 11 (1981): 80-108. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Scientific research, T e c h n o l o g y , Social c h a n g e , Technical training, Socioeconomic analysis. KEYWORDS: UDEAC (Union Douanière et Economique d'Afrique Centrale).

Urban Development

4648 Piermay, Jean Luc. "Le Détournement d'espace: corruption et stratégies de détournement dans les pratiques foncières urbaines en Afrique centrale." Politique africaine no. 21 (March 1986): 22-36. ALSO COVERS: Congo, Zaire. SUBJECTS: Land-use policy, Corruption, Power politics, Urban development, Urban planning policy, Urbanization. KEYWORDS: spatial analysis. Examines the relationship between corruption and city planning in four Central African countries. Begins with a theoretical argument exploring the relationship between corruption and power and then details specific cases of corruption in project formation and development planning. SEE ALSO 15302.

Women and Gender

SEE ALSO 5264, 5265,10424.

CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC Agriculture

4649 Boutrais, Jean. Des Peuls en savanes humides: développement pastoral dans l'Ouest centrafricain. Paris: ORSTOM, 1988. 383 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Livestock production, Development planning, Foreign aid, Agricultural production, Pastoralism. KEYWORDS: Fulani people; PDEO (Projet de Développement de l'Elevage dans l'Ouest). Examines the PDEO project in the Western region of the Central African Republic. Includes a background study of the lives of the Fulani people, who raise cattle in the region, and their relations with

the rest of the population. Addresses the impact of development projects on regional development. 4650 Kawalec, Aleksander. "Conditions écologiques optimales des caféiers cultivés en Centrafrique." Africana Bulletin 36 (1990): 135158. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Ecological analysis, Environmental analysis, Agricultural research. KEYWORDS: coffee. Explores the relationship between ecological conditions and coffee plants in the Central African Republic. Examines different varieties of coffee and the optimal ecological conditions for each one's production. 4651 Kawalec, Aleksander. "Potentiel agroécologique: méthode d'éval-

CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC/General

uation et applications (cas de la République centrafricaine)." Africana Bulletin 34 (1987): 7-33. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Ecological analysis, Agricultural research. KEYWORDS: rain-fed agriculture; évapotranspiration. Analyzes the potential of rain-fed agriculture in terms of productivity for the Central African Republic. Examines important factors, including climate, évapotranspiration, specific regional ecological conditions, natural vegetation, and soil types.

Economics

4652 Grothe, Antoine. "La Procédure centrafricaine de mise en vigueur de l'emprunt." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique no. 804 (October/December 1990): 373-378. S U B J E C T S : Debt crisis, Financial system, Economic management. K E Y W O R D S : CAADE (Caisse Autonome d'Amortissement des Dettes de l'Etat), 1982; B D E A C (Banque de Développement des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale). Analyzes the financial situation of public debt and its management in the Central African Republic. Studies the establishment of the CAADE by public authorities to manage the public debt. Examines the law's ratification, authority, and operation. 4653 Raynal, Jean-Jacques. "La Restructuration du secteur parapublic en République Centrafricaine." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 41, no. 3 (July/September 1987): 215227. S U B J E C T S : State-owned enterprise, Public sector, Structural adjustment, Mixed economy, State intervention. K E Y W O R D S : Bokassa, Jean Bedel; Dacko, David. States that in 1979, with the fall of the emperor, statism was seen as the cause of economic crisis. Notes that by 1981, state intervention had become limited to sectors where it was indispensable and state-run enterprises were forced to balance their books. Examines the results of those policies.

Education

4654 Diki-Kidiri, M. "Le Sango dans la formation de la nation centrafricaine." Politique africaine no. 23 (September 1986): 83-99. biblio. S U B J E C T S : Language policy, Colonialism, Traditional society, Political independence, Education policy. KEYWORDS: Sango language; Bogand, Barthélémy. Analyzes the origins and development of the Sango language in the Central African Republic. States that Sango was an important language well before colonialism and expanded to become the dominant language. Argues that Sango has played a key factor in the unification of the country.

Foreign Relations

4655 Grellet, Gérard. "La République Centrafricaine: une présence coloniale exemplaire." In: La France contre l'Afrique, edited by François Maspero. Paris: F. Maspero, 1981.197-204 pp. SUBJECTS: Military intervention, International relations, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: France-Central African Republic relations; Giscard d'Estaing, Valéry.

• 305

S E E ALSO 1460.

General

4656 Bahuchet, Serge. "Food sharing among the Pygmies of Central Africa." African Study Monographs 11, no. 1 (June 1990): 27-53. tables. ALSO COVERS: Zaire, Cameroon. SUBJECTS: Food policy, Family. KEYWORDS: Aka people; Baka people; Gyeli people; Mbuti people; Pygmy people. Analyzes food sharing among the Aka Pygmies of the Central African Republic as part of a larger system of societal cooperation. 4657 Boro, Marcel. "Bangui, ville coloniale (1889-1958)." In: Villes et problèmes urbains contemporains en Afrique noire: recherches en histoire contemporaine: informations diverses, edited by Groupe Afrique Noire. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1984. 47-55 pp. biblio, maps. SUBJ E C T S : Urbanization, Rural-urban migration, Colonialism, Demographic analysis. K E Y W O R D S : Bangui, Central African Republic. 4658 Boulvert, Yves. "Le Site de Bangui-Zongo." In: Villes et problèmes urbains contemporains en Afrique noire: recherches en histoire contemporaine : informations diverses, edited by Groupe Afrique Noire. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1984. 56-70 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Urbanization, Historical analysis, G e o g r a p h i c a l analysis. KEYWORDS: Bangui, Central African Republic; Oubangui River, Central African Republic. 4659 Boutrais, Jean. "Les Savanes humides, dernier refuge pastoral: l'exemple des WoDaaBe, Mbororo de Centrafrique." Genève Afrique/ GenevaAfrica 28, no. 1 (1990): 65-90. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Pastoralism, Migration, Anthropological analysis. K E Y W O R D S : WoDaaBe people; Mbororo people. Examines growth, life-style, and migration patterns of the WoDaaBe people of the Central African Republic. Claims that their pure pastoral system may not survive much longer because savanna farmers refuse to trade their products for the WoDaaBe's milk. 4660 Cantournet, Jean. Inventaire cartographique de la République Centrafricaine. Paris: Société d'Ethnographie, 1987. 182 pp. SUBJECTS: Geographical analysis, Ethnicity, Water supply, Mining. KEYWORDS: maps; geological analysis; mineralogy. Presents an index on maps of the Central African Republic. Includes map topics such as geology, mineralogy, hydrology, vegetation, ethnography, and military maneuvers. 4661 Tchounkoue, Pierre-Serge. "Dynamique du secteur informel à Berbérati (République centrafricaine)." In: Processus d'urbanisation en Afrique, volume 2, edited by Catherine Coquery-Vidrovitch. Paris: Editions L'Harmattan, 1988.140-150 pp. SUBJECTS: Informal sector, Economic policy, Urban growth. K E Y W O R D S : Berbérati, Central African Repulic. Looks at the organization and dynamic of the informal sector in Berbérati, CAR. Claims that the informal sector supports the largest segment of the city's population and that it should be encouraged to produce more and better products. 4662 UNIDO. Industrial Development Review Series: Central African Republic. New York: UNIDO (United Nations Industrial Development Organization), 1986. 53 pp. tables. S U B J E C T S : Industrial development, Foreign aid, Statistical analysis. Provides a survey and analysis of the Central African Republic's industrial sector as a service to government and aid agencies concerned with the technical assistance given to industry. Includes analytical and

306

• CENTRAL AFRICAN

REPUBLIC/General

statistical sections. 4663 Zoctizoum, Yarisse. Histoire de la Centrafrique. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1984. 382 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Agricultural development, Economic development, Political repression, Political independence, Industrialization, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: Bokassa, Jean Bedel; Dacko, David. SEE ALSO 1775.

Industry

4664 Paye, Denis. "Facteurs socio-économiques de l'insuffisance du développement en Afrique: l'exemple de la RCA." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 231/232 (1985): 68-99. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Agricultural sector, Mining, Industrial sector, National planning policy. KEYWORDS: public services.

Legal System

4665 Raynal, Jean-Jacques. "Le Contentieux administratif en République Centrafricaine." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique 96, no. 792 (July/October 1986): 445-463. SUBJECTS: Administration, Development planning, Judicial system, Law. States that administrative jurisdiction has frequently been ignored in the literature of African judicial development. Explores the composition and competence of administrative jurisdiction in the Central African Republic.

Media and Culture

4666 Article 19 Research and Information Centre. Freedom of Information and Expression in Central African Republic. London: Article 19 Research and Information Centre, 1989. 21 pp. SUBJECTS: Human rights, Censorship, Mass media, Law, Constitution. KEYWORDS: Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948. Evaluates the degree to which the Central African Republic's constitution guarantees the rights agreed to in the ratification of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Covers domestic law, freedom of expression, freedom of the press, and censorship.

Politics

4667 Bigo, Didier. Pouvoir et obéissance en Centrafrique. Paris: Karthala, 1988. 337 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Personalized leadership, Political power, Political system, Political violence, Coup d'état. KEYWORDS: Bokassa, Jean Bedel; Dacko, David; Kolingba, André; CMRN (Comité Militaire de Redressement National). Analyzes the Bokassa regime in the Central African Republic.

Reveals the dynamics of political power and popular support for political institutions there. Traces the roots of present political difficulties to precolonial myths that shaped the views of Central Africans toward leadership. 4668 Breton, Jean-Marie. "La Constitution du 1er février 1981 et la tentative de renovation des institutions politiques en République Centrafricaine." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 35, no. 3 (October/December 1981): 867-882. SUBJECTS: Executive power, Legal system, Constitutional law, Political parties, Political power. KEYWORDS: Bokassa, Jean Bedel. 4669 Decalo, Samuel. "African personal dictatorships." The Journal of Modern African Studies 23, no. 2 (June 1985): 209-237. ALSO COVERS: Uganda, Equatorial Guinea. SUBJECTS: Authoritarian government, Personalized leadership, Liberation movement, Coup d'état, Political repression. KEYWORDS: Amin, Idi; Bokassa, Jean Bedel; Macias Nguema, Francisco. 4670 Delpey, Roger. La Manipulation. Paris: Jacques Grancher, 1981.346 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Leadership analysis, Political analysis, Government analysis, Coup d'état, Ethnic politics. KEYWORDS: Dacko, David; Bokassa, Jean Bedel; France-Central African Republic relations. 4671 Kamto, Maurice. "Les Nouvelles institutions constitutionnelles et politiques de la République Centrafricaine." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique no. 799 (January/April 1989): 7-31. tables. SUBJECTS: Constitutional reform, Political reform, Executive power, One-party system. KEYWORDS : Central African Republic Constitution 1986; RDC (Rassemblement Démocratique Centrafricain). Examines the new constitutional and political institutions in the Central African Republic. Discusses constitutional evolution and the political powers bestowed by the recent Constitution of 1986 on the unique political party, the national assembly, and the executive branch of government. 4672 O'Toole, Thomas. The Central African Republic: The Continent's Hidden Heart. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1986. 174 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Political history, Leadership analysis, Foreign policy, Economic policy, State formation. KEYWORDS: Bokassa, Jean Bedel; Baganda, Barthélémy. An overview of the history, politics, economy, society, and foreign relations of the Central African Republic. Concludes with projections of likely political changes during the years 1986-2006. 4673 Raynal, Jean-Jacques. "Administration du développement ou développement de l'administration? La fonction publique en République Centrafricaine." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 39, no. 3/4 (July/December 1985): 933948. SUBJECTS: Development planning, Administration, Public sector, Civil service. 4674 Raynal, Jean-Jacques. "L'Evolution politique et constitutionnelle de la République Centrafricaine (1958-1983)." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 37, no. 4 (July/December 1983): 795-816. SUBJECTS: Political development, Constitutional development, Presidential government, Legal development, Parliamentary government, Authoritarian government. KEYWORDS: CMRN (Comité Militaire de Redressement National); Bokassa, Jean Bedel. 4675 Raynal, Jean-Jacques. "Les Actes constitutionnels du 21 septembre 1985: la civilisation du régime centrafricain." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique 96, no. 791 (July/October 1986): 221-227. SUBJECTS: Constitutional law, Military government, State formation. KEYWORDS: Kolingba, André; CMRN (Comité Militaire de

CHAD/Education

Redressement National); Central African Republic Constitution 1985. States that in 1985, the Central African Republic adopted a new constitution, which turned power over to civilian authorities after four years of military rule. Examines the history of the military regime in the Central African Republic and its implications for a more democratic society.

•

307

tunity, Informal sector, Development planning.

Religion

SEE ALSO 2801. 4678 Open Doors. Baseline Country Profiles for Open-Doors: Country Report, Central African Republic. Nairobi, Kenya: Open Doors, 1983. 26 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Christianity, Religion.

Population

4676 Pantobe, Daniel. "Centrafrique." In: L'Evaluation des effectifs de la population des pays africains, vol. 2, edited by Groupe de Démographie Africaine. Paris: Groupe de Démographie Africaine, 1984. 87-108 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Population growth, Population distribution. KEYWORDS: census.

Private Sector

4677 Lachaud, J. P. "Les Activités informelles et l'emploi à Bangui (République Centrafricaine): analyse et stratégie de développement." Canadian Journal of African Studies!Revue canadienne des études africaines 18, no. 2 (1984): 291-317. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Commercial sector, Employment oppor-

Urban Development

4679 O'Toole, Thomas E. "Shantytowns in Bangui, Central African Republic: A cause for despair or a creative possibility?" In: Slum and Squatter Settlements in Sub-Saharan Africa: Toward a Planning Strategy, edited by R. A. Obudho and Constance C. Mhlanga. New York: Praeger, 1988. 123-132 pp. SUBJECTS: Urbanization, Urban poverty, Economic development, Nongovernmental organization. K E Y W O R D S : Bangui, Central African Republic; shanty towns. Outlines the current economic situation of the city of Bangui and the attempts by urban residents to deal with appalling living conditions. Argues that the development catalyst needs to be sustained in order to result in change and that this catalyst would most likely come from established nongovernment organizations. SEE ALSO 3522.

CHAD Agriculture

4680 Magnant, Jean-Pierre. "Les Arabes et la terre au sud du lac Tchad." In: Systèmes fonciers à la ville et au village: Afrique noire francophone, edited by Raymond Verdier and A. Rochegude. Paris: L ' H a r m a t t a n , 1986. 257-280 pp. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria, Cameroon. SUBJECTS: Pastoralism, Land tenure system, Agricultural production. KEYWORDS: Lake Chad; sedentarization; Arab culture. Looks at the conversion to agriculture of the formerly nomadic Arabesque peoples of the Southern Lake Chad region. Includes an analysis of the transformation, land tenure, and land-use policies, as well as of the current stagnant agricultural climate of the region. 4681 Seignobos, Christian. "Chronique d'une culture conquérante: le taro (Tchad méridional et Nord-Cameroun)." Cahiers des sciences humaines 24, no. 2 (1988): 283-302. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Cameroon. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Food production, Farming system. KEYWORDS: taro; cropping system. Analyzes the spread and variation of the taro plant from Nigeria to Chad and Northern Cameroon. Claims that observation of that spread suggests many mechanisms for the people who have spread and grown the crop. Reveals the role of the archaic taros in former

agrosystems and suggests ways of understanding current rural strategies.

Economics

SEE ALSO 4390, 4617,6991.

Education

4682 Gardinier, David E. "L'Enseignemement colonial français au Tchad (1900-1960)." L'Afrique et l'Asie modernes no. 161 (Summer 1989): 59-71. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Education policy, Education system. KEYWORDS: AEF (Afrique Equatoriale Française). Presents the evolution of the Chadian educational system from 1900 to 1960. Examines the philosophy, strategy, and results of colonial teaching. Contributes to an understanding of the former colony's cultural aspects and the regional disequilibriums that have

308

• CHAD/Education

contributed to recent conflict. S E E ALSO 4401, 15021.

lenge." Orbis 26, no. 4 (Winter 1983): 965-997. maps. A L S O C O V E R S : Libya. S U B J E C T S : International relations, Foreign policy, Intervention policy. K E Y W O R D S : GUNT (Gouvernement d'Union Nationale Transitionnel); Habre, Hissene; OAU.

Environment

S E E ALSO 1218, 7009, 7013, 7015, 7027, 7411, 8886, 8927, 8934, 8979, 8992.

S E E ALSO 1013, 1041.

General

Foreign Relations

4690 Alhamdou, Issaka Ramat. Ma vérité sur le Tchad. Brussels, Belgium: AFRICA, 1 9 8 4 . 1 5 4 pp. tables, maps. S U B J E C T S : Historical analysis, Political analysis, Diplomatic relations, Coup d'état. K E Y W O R D S : France-Africa relations; Libya-Chad relations; Lagos Accord 1977; Chad First Republic 1958-1975; Chad Second Republic 1975-present.

4683 Alawar, Mohamed A., ed. A Concise Bibliography of Northern Chad and Fezzan in Southern Libya. Outwell, UK: Arab Crescent, 1983. 229 pp. maps. ALSO C O V E R S : Libya. S U B J E C T S : Bibliography, Geopolitics, International relations, Border conflict. K E Y W O R D S : Libya-Chad relations; Fezzan Province, Libya. 4684 Azevedo, Mario J., and Gwendolyn Prater. "Foreign assistance and dependence: Post-colonial Chad (1960-1985)." Journal of African Studies 13, no. 3 (Fall 1986): 102-110. tables. S U B J E C T S : International relations, Foreign aid, Economic dependency, Natural resource management, Neocolonialism, Human resources development, Export policy. K E Y W O R D S : monocrop economy; donor agency. Highlights the nature of foreign aid to Chad by identifying major donors, amount of assistance provided since 1960, the extent of Chad's dependence on such aid, and programs that the assistance is intended to support. Questions how Chad can remain independent and united and still provide adequate care for its people. 4685 Boyd, Herb. "Chad: A civil war without end?" Journal of African Studies 10, no. 4 (Winter 1983/1984): 119-126. ALSO C O V E R S : Libya, Zaire. S U B J E C T S : Civil war, Intervention policy, International relations. K E Y W O R D S : Habre, Hissene; Goukouni, Weddeye. 4686 Buijtenhuijs, R. "L'Art de ménager la chèvre et le chou." Politique africaine no. 16 (December 1984): 102-117. S U B J E C T S : International relations, Intervention policy, Military intervention. K E Y W O R D S : Mitterrand, François; Qaddafi, Muammar; Weddeye, Goukouni; Habre, Hissene; France-Chad relations. 4687 Codo, Leon. "Les Etats-Unis, la France et le conflit tchadien: co-gestion de la crise ou rivalité d'influence." Géopolitique africaine 9 (October 1988): 81-121. S U B J E C T S : Conflict resolution, International cooperation, Diplomatic relations. K E Y W O R D S : France-Chad relations; US-Chad relations; Libya-Chad relations; FIA (Force Interafricaine). Presents American, French, and Libyan interests in the Chadian civil war and the attempts by each party to bring about successful conflict resolution. Examines Franco-American interaction, divergent approaches, and African attitudes to the war. 4688 Mouric, N. "La Politique tchadienne de la France sous Valéry Giscard d'Estaing." Politique africaine no. 16 (December 1984): 86-101. maps. S U B J E C T S : International relations, Intervention policy, Military intervention. K E Y W O R D S : Giscard d'Estaing, Valéry; Malloum, Felix; GUNT (Gouvernement d'Union Nationale T r a n s i t i o n n e l ) ; F R O L I N A T (Front de Libération Nationale Tchadienne); France-Chad relations. 4689 Yost, David S. "French policy in Chad and the Libyan chal-

4691 Arditi, Claude. Les Populations de la moyenne vallée du Chari: vie économique et sociale. Paris: Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, 1981. 98 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. S U B J E C T S : Regional development, Rural population, Demographic analysis, Ethnicity, Islam, Social stratification. K E Y W O R D S : Chari, Chad; Massa people; Hausa people; Sara people; Mbay people. 4692 Bergot, Erwant. La Coloniale du Rif au Tchad 1925-1980. Paris: Presses de la Cité, 1982. 262 pp. tables, maps. S U B J E C T S : Colonialism, Conflict, Historical analysis. K E Y W O R D S : Rif, Morocco; Bir-Hakeim, Algeria. 4693 Bouquet, Christian. Tchad, genèse d'un conflict. Paris: L ' Harmattan, 1982.251 pp. biblio, tables, maps. S U B J E C T S : Civil war, Historical analysis, Economic analysis, Colonialism, Population density, Underdevelopment. K E Y W O R D S : ANT (Armées Nationales T c h a d i e n n e s ) ; F R O L I N A T (Front de Libération Nationale Tchadienne); AFP (Agence France Presse). 4694 Buijtenhuijs, Robert. 'Tchad (1985-1986)." Année africaine (1985/1986): 73-85. ALSO C O V E R S : Libya. S U B J E C T S : Political instability, Civil war. K E Y W O R D S : Habre, Hissene; FAN (Forces Armées du Nord); GUNT (Gouvernement d'Union Nationale Transitionnel); UNIR (Union Nationale pour l'Indépendance et la Révolution). Examines the role played by Habré in Chadian politics in 19851986, and the role that he needed to play during the last years of the decade in order to get Chad back on its feet. 4695 Collelo, Thomas, John L. Collier, Dennis D. Cordell, and Peter D. Coats. Chad, a Country Study. Washington, DC: Library of Congress, 1990. 254 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO C O V E R S : Libya. SUBJ E C T S : Historical analysis, Political analysis, Economic analysis. K E Y W O R D S : US-Chad relations; France-Chad relations; Habre, Hissene. A basic review of Chad's history, society, economy, government, and national security. Addresses the civil war, various economic sectors, foreign relations, and military conflicts. 4696 Conte, Edouard. Marriage

Patterns, Political

Change, and the

Perpetuation of Social Inequality in South Kanem (Chad). Paris:

ORSTOM, 1983.545 pp. biblio, tables, maps,other docs. S U B J E C T S : Marriage, Sociological analysis, Political culture, Economic interdependence, Islam. K E Y W O R D S : Kanembu people; Kanem people; endogamy; exogamy; Kanen Prefecture, Chad. 4697 Couty, Philippe. "Mais c'était dans un autre pays. Recherches

CHAD/Legal System • 3 0 9 sur la pêche et le commerce du poisson dans le Bassin tchadien avant et après les indépendances." Cahiers des sciences humaines 25, no. 1/2 (1989): 9-19. maps. SUBJECTS: Fishing industry, Commercial sector, Research methodology. KEYWORDS: Chad Basin. Researches Chad's fisheries and the fish trade during colonial times and after independence. Relates investigation to several study fields and raises questions about the suitability and relevance of later, more specialized, research. 4698 de Raulin, Arnaud. "Les O.N.G. au Tchad." Revue juridique et politique, indépendence et coopération 44, no. 3 (October/December 1990): 440-458. SUBJECTS: Nongovernmental organization, State intervention, Social development policy. Examines the status and actions of nongovernmental organizations in Chad. Claims that nongovernmental organizations' financial dependence on Northern states has caused a blurring between the public and the private. Presents an appreciation of their actions in Chad. Demonstrates the importance of the state and its interaction with nongovernmental organizations. 4699 Gatta, Gali Ngothe. Tchad: guerre civile et désagrégation de l'état. Paris: Présence Africaine, 1985. 217 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Colonialism, Fiscal policy, State politics, Elite analysis, Civil war. KEYWORDS: UDEAC (Union Douanière et Economique d'Afrique Centrale); BEAC (Banque des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale). 4700 Kelley, Michel P. A State in Disarray: Condition of Chad's Survival. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1986. 222 pp. biblio, maps, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Libya. SUBJECTS: Political analysis, Historical analysis, Neocolonialism, International relations. KEYWORDS: OAU; UN; US-Chad relations; France-Chad relations. Examines political factors, internal as well as external, that are at the core of the Chadian crisis. Analyzes the role and involvement of Western countries and the roles of OAU and the UN. 4701 Lanne, Bernard. "Les Causes profondes de la crise tchadienne." L'Afrique et l'Asie modernes 140 (1984): 3-14. SUBJECTS: Nationalism, Civil war, Development planning. 4702 Lanne, Bernard. "Plaidoyer pour Tombalbaye (première partie)." Le Mois en Afrique : études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 247/248 (1986): 32-45. SUBJECTS: Religion, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: PPT (Parti Progressiste du Tchad); USAT (Union des Syndicats Autonomes du Tchad); Tombalbaye, N'Garta. Explains Tombalbaye's rise to power and portrays the leader as a simple man.

Coleman, and Richard L. Sklar. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, 1985. 239-256 pp. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, Political analysis, Military intervention. KEYWORDS: Qaddafi, Muammar; OAU; France-Chad relations; Libya-Chad relations. 4706 Magnant, Jean-Pierre. "Les Réactions paysannes à un projet de développement rizicole au sud de N'Djamena." In: Les Politiques de l'eau en Afrique: développement agricole et participation paysanne, edited by Gérard Conac, Claudette Savonnet-Guyot, and Françoise Conac. Paris: Economica, 1985. 676-696 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Socioeconomic analysis, Case study, Rural planning policy. KEYWORDS: rice; Koundoul Region, Chad; Fulani people; peasant participation; N'Djamena, Chad. 4707 Pittman, Dean. "The OAU and Chad." In: The OAU after Twenty Years, edited by Yassin El-Ayouty and I. William Zartman. New York: Praeger, 1984. 297-325 pp. ALSO COVERS: Africa. SUBJECTS: Conflict resolution, Intervention policy. KEYWORDS: OAU; Habre, Hissene. 4708 Wiseman, Henry. "The OAU: Peacekeeping and conflict resolution." In: The OAU after Twenty Years, edited by Yassin ElAyouty and I. William Zartman. New York: Praeger, 1984. 123-153 pp. ALSO COVERS: Western Sahara, Uganda. SUBJECTS: Conflict resolution, International relations. KEYWORDS: OAU; UN. 4709 Yamassoum, Nagoum C. "Les Grèves des lycéens de FortLamy (N'Djaména) en 1971 et 1972." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 198/199 (1982): 110-123. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Civil war, Student protest. KEYWORDS: N'Djamena, Chad. 4710 Yantoingar Mairo, Salmon. "Le rôle des juridictions tchadiennes en matière des droits de l'homme dans l'entreprise." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 43, no. 3/4 (July/October 1989): 606-621. SUBJECTS: Civil rights, Judicial system, Private sector. KEYWORDS: workers' rights. Analyzes worker-employer relations and employment contracts. Discusses the conciliation process which, once failed, is transformed into a legal one. Discusses the role, organization, and penal interventions of tribunals in the protection of worker's rights. SEE ALSO 1730, 1781, 4415, 4417, 5823, 7034, 7044, 7047, 7050, 7056, 7057, 7065, 7070, 7073, 13828, 13833, 15510.

4703 Le Rouvreur, Albert. Sahéliens et sahariens du Tchad. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1989. 535 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Ecological analysis, Ethnicity, Historical analysis, Geographical analysis. KEYWORDS: Sahel. Discusses the relationship between the different ethnic groups in Chad and their natural environment—the Sahel. Examines each group according to its particularities as either nomad or sedentary.

Health

4704 Lemarchand, René. "Chad: The misadventures of the NorthSouth dialectic." The African Studies Review 29, no. 3 (September 1986): 27-41. ALSO COVERS: Libya. SUBJECTS: International conflict, Islamic society. KEYWORDS: Malloum, Felix; Tombalbaye, N'Garta. Examines Chad's internal conflict, claiming that it is due to external factors. Concludes that increasing factionalism will occur throughout Chad.

Legal System

4705 Lemarchand, René. "The crisis in Chad." In: African Crisis Areas and U.S. Foreign Policy, edited by Gerald J. Bender, James S.

SEE ALSO 4483.

4711 Moyrand, Alain. "Destruction et reconstruction d'un appareil judiciaire: le cas du Tchad." Afrique contemporaine 156, no. 4 (1990): 45-50. SUBJECTS: Judicial system, Civil war, Legal reform, Traditional legal system. Discusses the civil war in Chad and its destructive effects on the operation of the country's judicial system. Examines a heavier reliance on, and the return of, customary law and attempts to codify

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such procedures. 4712 Moyrand, Alain, and Aché Nabia. "L'Organisation judiciaire au Tchad: commentaire, bilan et statistiques." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique 98, no. 796 (January/May 1988): 75-112. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Legal system, Judicial system, Repression. KEYWORDS: Chad Ordinance 6-67/PRM 21 March 1967. Examines the reform of the judiciary in Chad via ordinance 6-67 twenty years after its institution. 4713 N'gabo, Dagui. "Le Fondement du code pénal tchadien." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 40, no. 1/2 (January/June 1986): 153-159. SUBJECTS: Legal system, Islamic society, Traditional legal system, Decolonization. KEYWORDS: Chad Penal Code 1967; penal system. States that the penal code of 1967 replaced the French colonial code. Examines the defaults of the former code, suggesting that the code failed to take into consideration traditional legal and social structures. Claims that the 1967 code represents an improvement but is not fault free.

Media and Culture

4714 Cordell, Dennis D. 'The Awlad Sulayman of Libya and Chad: Power and adaptation in the Sahara and Sahel." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 19, no. 2 (1985): 319-343. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Libya. SUBJECTS: Traditional society, Regional cooperation, Traditional society. KEYWORDS: Awlad Sulayman; Qaddafi, Muammar.

Military Affairs

Explores the reasons for the victory of the FROLINAT as a guerrilla movement in Chad. Analyzes the military as well as diplomatic causes that allowed the FROLINAT takeover. Examines the internal and regional conflicts in the region, as well as the roles of France and international institutions, such as the OAU. 4719 Chèvres, George. "Christians in Chad: Responding to God, responding to war." Munger Africana Library Notes 71 (July 1983): 3-9. SUBJECTS: Armed conflict, Christianity, Civil war. KEYWORDS: missionaries; GUNT (Gouvernement d'Union Nationale Transitionnel); FANT (Forces Armées Nationales du Tchad). 4720 Devoluy, Pierre. "Stratégie et tactique des forces armées nationales." Géopolitique africaine 5 (April 1987): 33-44. SUBJECTS: Armed forces, Armed conflict, Civil war, Arms industry. Examines the training, objectives, means, organization, and weapons of Chad's armed forces. 4721 El-Kikhia, Mansour O. "Chad: The same old story." Journal of African Studies 10, no. 4 (Winter 1983/1984): 127-135. ALSO COVERS: Libya. SUBJECTS: Political history, Intervention policy, Civil war, Regional conflict. KEYWORDS: France-Chad relations; Habre, Hissene. 4722 Galtier, Gerard. "Pour en finir avec la guerre du Tchad." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 223/224 (1984): 4-17. maps. ALSO COVERS: Libya. SUBJECTS: Cultural identity, Regional conflict, Civil war. KEYWORDS: US-Chad relations; France-Chad relations; Habre, Hissene; GUNT (Gouvernement d'Union Nationale Transitionnel); FAN (Forces Armées du Nord). 4723 Gautron, Jean-Claude. "La Force de maintien de la paix au Tchad: éloge ou requiem." Année africaine (1981): 167-189. ALSO COVERS: Libya. SUBJECTS: Armed forces, Regional conflict, Military intervention, International cooperation, Regional integration. KEYWORDS: FROLINAT (Front de Libération Nationale Tchadienne); GUNT (Gouvernement d'Union Nationale Transitionnel); peacekeeping.

4715 Brandily, M. "Le Tchad face au Nord 1978-79." Politique africaine no. 16 (December 1984): 45-63. SUBJECTS: National liberation movement, Civil war, Internal conflict. KEYWORDS: FROLINAT (Front de Libération Nationale Tchadienne); Weddeye, Goukouni; Habre, Hissene.

4724 Gerard, A. "Numeiry face aux crises tchadiennes." Politique africaine no. 16 (December 1984): 118-119. ALSO COVERS: Sudan. SUBJECTS: International conflict, Military intervention, Internal conflict, Regional conflict. KEYWORDS: Numayri, Ja'far Muhammad; Malloum, Felix; Habre, Hissene; Qaddafi, Muammar.

4716 Buijtenhuijs, R. "Guerre de guérilla et révolution en Afrique noire." Politique africaine 1, no. 1 (January 1981): 23-33. SUBJECTS : Guerrilla activity, Revolutionary movement, Internal conflict, Ethnic conflict, Civil war. KEYWORDS: Habre, Hissene; Weddeye, Goukouni; FROLINAT (Front de Libération Nationale Tchadienne).

4725 Lanne, B. "Le Sud du Tchad dans la guerre civile (1977-1980)." Politique africaine 1, no. 3 (September 1981): 75-89. maps. SUBJECTS: Guerrilla activity, Civil war, Internal conflict, Political violence, Ideological conflict. KEYWORDS: Habre, Hissene; Kamougue, Wadal Abdelkader; FROLINAT (Front de Libération Nationale Tchadienne); GUNT (Gouvernement d'Union Nationale Transitionnel).

4717 Buijtenhuijs, Robert. "La Rébellion tchadienne: guerre NordNord ou guerre Nord-Sud." Politique africaine no. 33 (March 1989): 130-135. SUBJECTS: Armed conflict, Civil war. KEYWORDS: Hugot, P. Addresses the notion that the Chadian rebellion is fought between forces of the North and those of the South. Proposes that the civil war is actually a North-North conflict according to die writings of P. Hugo. Presents arguments for and against Hugo.

4726 Lanne, Bernard. "Quinze ans d'ouvrages politiques sur le Tchad." Afrique contemporaine 144 (1987): 37-47. biblio. SUBJECTS: Military policy, Literature review, Insurgency. A literature review of forty titles about Chad, most of which are in French. Includes general works on Africa, the militants, the military, Chad as seen by Chadians, and Chadian studies; journalistic reviews and primary source materials.

4718 Buijtenhuijs, Robert. Le FROLINAT et les guerres civiles du Tchad (1977-1984): la révolution introuvable. Paris: Karthala, 1987. 479 pp. biblio, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Civil war, Conflict, Armed conflict, Regional conflict. KEYWORDS: FROLINAT (Front de Libération Nationale Tchadienne); GUNT (Gouvernement d'Union Nationale Transitionnel); FAN (Forces Armées du Nord); UNIR (Union Nationale pour l'Indépendance et la Révolution); OAU.

4727 Lanne, Bernard. Tchad-Libye: la querelle des frontières. Paris: Karthala, 1982. 245 pp. biblio, maps. ALSO COVERS: Libya. SUBJECTS: Border conflict, Warfare, Historical analysis, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: Borkou, Chad; Tibesti, Chad; Aouzou, Chad; Senoussistes people. 4728 Martin, Guy. "Security and conflict management in Chad."

CHAD/Politics • 3 1 1 Bulletin of Peace Proposals 21, no. 1 (1990): 37-47. maps. SUBJECTS: Civil war, Border conflict, Ethnicity, Regionalism. KEYWORDS: US-Chad relations; Libya-Chad relations; FranceChad relations. Reviews the background to and the stages of the long civil war in Chad. Examines the role of external actors such as the US, France, and Libya; the internal causes of the war; and the chances for peace. 4729 N'Ganget, Michel. Peut-on encore sauver le Tchad? Paris: Karthala, 1984.139 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Civil war, Warfare, Diplomatic relations, Neocolonialism. KEYWORDS: Habre, Hissene; Qaddafi, Muammar; Goukouni, Weddeye; FROLINAT (Front de Libération Nationale Tchadienne). 4730 Ndovi, Victor. "Chad: Nation-building, security and OAU peacekeeping." In: Africa in World Politics: Changing Perspectives, edited by Stephen Wright and Janice N. Brownfoot. Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan, 1987. 140-153 pp. SUBJECTS: Civil war, National security, Regional security, Nation-building. KEYWORDS: OAU; France-Chad relations. Examines OAU peacekeeping efforts beginning with the Congo crisis and leading on to the conflicts in Zaire in 1977 and 1978. Focuses on Chad, where the OAU tried to keep peace by dispatching an expeditionary force. 4731 Ngansop, Guy Jérémie. Tchad, vingt ans de crise. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1986. 236 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Civil war, Historical analysis, Geographical analysis, Political analysis, Warfare. KEYWORDS: Aouzou, Chad; Chad crisis 19791982; GUNT (Gouvernement d'Union Nationale Transitionnel); OAU. Examines the reasons for and the origins of the Chadian crisis, proposing eventual solutions to the situation. 4732 Spartacus, Colonel. Opération Manta: les documents secrets. Paris: Plon, 1985. 262 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Civil war, Warfare, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: Operation Manta; Chari, Chad; Mitterrand, François; FANT (Forces Armées Nationales du Tchad); OAU. 4733 Thompson, Virginia, and Richard Adloff. Conflict in Chad. Berkeley, California: Institute of International Studies, University of California, 1981. 180 pp. biblio, other docs. SUBJECTS: Civil war, Warfare, Political analysis, Historical analysis, Neocolonialism. KEYWORDS : FAN (Forces Armées du Nord) ; FROLINAT (Front de Libération Nationale Tchadienne); UEAC (Union des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale); OCAM (Organisation Commune Africaine et Mauricienne). 4734 Whiteman, Kaye. Chad. London: Minority Rights Groups, 1988. 16 pp. biblio, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Civil war, Ethnicity, Power politics, Military intervention. KEYWORDS: Tombalbaye, N'Garta; Habre, Hissene; Operation Manta; FROLINAT (Front de Libération Nationale Tchadienne); FAN (Forces Armées du Nord). Examines the roots and the course of the Chadian conflict. Discusses Chad's history since independence and its prospects for the future. SEE ALSO 2438, 2492, 7100, 9479, 9481, 9488, 9494,10393.

Planning and Development

4735 Azevedo, Mario. 'The human price of development: The Brazzaville railroad and the Sara of Chad." The African Studies Review 24,

no. 1 (March 1981): 1-20. ALSO COVERS: Congo. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Human resources development, Transportation system. KEYWORDS: Brazzaville Railroad; Sara people.

Politics

4736 Adler, Alfred. La Mort est le masque du roi: la royauté sacrée du Tchad. Paris: Payot, 1982.427 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS : Traditional society, Traditional political system, Political history, Historical analysis, Sociological analysis, Family. KEYWORDS: Moundang people; Léré, Chad. 4737 Atembo, L. N., ed. Country Profile: Chad. Nairobi, Kenya: Daystar University College, 1983. 31 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Political analysis, Constitution, Political change, Population density, Christianity, Islam. KEYWORDS: Northern people; Southern people. 4738 Buijtenhuijs, Robert. "Chad: The narrow escape of an African state, 1965-1987." In: Contemporary West African States, edited by Donal B. Cruise O'Brien, John Dunn, and Richard Rathbone. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1989. 49-58 pp. SUBJECTS: Government analysis. KEYWORDS: Habre, Hissene. Describes the disintegration of the Chadian state from 1965 to 1982. Analyzes why the disintegration occurred and why it was called to a halt just before total collapse. 4739 Charlton, Roger, and Roy May. "Warlords and militarism in Chad." Review of African Political Economy 45/46 (1989): 12-25. maps. SUBJECTS: Political instability, Nation-state, Political theory, Armed forces. Examines the development of the postcolonial Chadian state. Argues that it is best conceived of in terms of the warlord model of the Chinese state during the early twentieth century. Maintains that violence has become the most dominant force in the political process. 4740 Foltz, Anne-Marie, Albeit Henn, Sarah Combs, and Theo Lippeveld. "Planning without resources: Health information in Chad." African Studies Association Papers 29, no. 34 (October/November 1986): 1-25. SUBJECTS: Private sector, Public sector, Agricultural sector, Centralized authority, Health education. Recounts four consultants' efforts to develop and implement a health information and planning system in Chad. Concludes that continuity of the development project in all phases rests on personnel, funding, and bureaucratic support. 4741 Khayar, Issa Hassan. Tchad, regards sur les élites ouaddaïennes. Paris: Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, 1984. 231 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Elite analysis, Historical analysis, Political parties, Traditional political system, Religion. KEYWORDS: Ouaddaï, Chad; PPT (Parti Progressiste du Tchad); UDT (Union Démocratique Tchadienne); MSA (Mouvement Socialiste Africain); PNA (Parti National Africain). 4742 Kotoko, Ahmed. Tchad-Cameroun: le destin de Hamaï, ou le long chemin vers l'indépendance du Tchad. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1989. 226 pp. tables, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Cameroon. SUBJECTS: Biography, Colonialism, Independence movement, Political analysis, Political parties. KEYWORDS: SCOA (Société Commerciale de l'Ouest Africain); UDT (Union Démocratique Tchadienne); PSIT (Parti Socialiste Indépendant du Tchad). Draws on biographical and historical accounts to address the march toward independence in Chad. Examines the individual and political journey of Ahmed Kotoko, from childhood in Cameroon to

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political preeminence in both independent Chad and Cameroon. 4743 Lanne, Bernard. "Petit dictionnaire des idées reçues concernant le Tchad." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 186/187 (1981): 132-143. ALSO COVERS: Libya. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Ethnic conflict, Racial conflict, Civil war, Education policy, Traditional authority, Religion. KEYWORDS: Tombalbaye, N'Garta. 4744 Lanne, Bernard. "Plaidoyer pour Tombalbaye (deuxième partie)." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 251/252 (1986-1987): 143-156. SUBJECTS: Coup d'état, Constitution, Power politics, One-party system, Islamic society. KEYWORDS: PPT (Parti Progressiste du Tchad); Chad election 1959; MNRCS (Mouvement National pour la Révolution Culturelle et Sociale); Tombalbaye, N'Garta. Analyzes the political career of Tombalbaye of Chad. States that Tombalbaye's rule became increasingly dictatorial but was due to political necessity in light of the increasing conflict with Muslim rebel forces. 4745 Lemarchand, René. "Bringing factions back into the state." In: The Crisis in Zaire: Myths and Realities, edited by Nzongola-Ntalaja. Trenton, New Jersey: Africa World, 1986.51-66 pp. ALSO COVERS: Zaire, Rwanda. SUBJECTS: Political development, Political instability, Ethnic conflict. KEYWORDS: factionalism; state transformation. Examines the significance of factionalism for the development of the African state, drawing examples from Chad, Zaire, Burundi, and Rwanda. Emphasizes factionalism as a response of the periphery to state transformation. 4746 Magnant, Jean-Pierre. La Terre Sara, terre tchadienne. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1986. 380 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Sociological analysis, Peasant society, Traditional political system, Colonialism, Centralization, Ethnicity, Land tenure system. KEYWORDS: Sara people; CPFA (Centre de Formation Professionelle Agricole). Examines the social and cultural organizations of the agrarian society of the Sara people of Chad from historical and sociological perspectives. Analyzes the role and the domination of both local religious powers and colonialism domination as well as the influence of today's civil war on the Sara people. 4747 Michalon, Thierry, and Alain Mayrand. "Des Institutions pour le Tchad: la paix par le droit." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 43, no. 2 (May/June 1989): 142-163. SUBJECTS: Constitutional development, Ethnic politics, Political reform, National integration. KEYWORDS: Constitutional Committee of Chad. Analyzes the past political situation in order to determine whether the institutional arrangement until now suits the sociopolitical situation in Chad. Claims that institutions that rest on effective solidarity can make solid state foundations with popular political support. 4748 Moyrand, Alain. La Normalisation constitutionnelle au Tchad. Talence, France: Centre d'Etudes d'Afrique Noire, 1990.74 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Constitutional reform, Administration, Government regulation, Executive power, Public policy. Examines the new attempt to reformulate the constitutionality of executive and legislative power in Chad. Discusses the current nature of the function and the exercise of power and explores the administrative, political, and juridical perspectives in the constitutional changes. 4749 Owona, Joseph. "Le Tchad: l'état, L'échec de la charte fondamentale du 25 Afrique: études politiques, économiques et 200 (1982): 16-38. other docs. SUBJECTS:

le droit et la politique. août 1977." Le Mois en sociologiques africaines Legal system, Territorial

sovereignty, Defense policy, Presidential government. KEYWORDS: GROFAT (Chad Armed Forces); FROLINAT (Front de Libération Nationale Tchadienne); Conseil National de l'Union; Chad basic charter 1977. 4750 Yeyon, Lisette, and Marc Dumas. Le RDA et le Tchad: histoire d'une décolonisation. Paris: Présence Africaine, 1986. 351 pp. SUBJECTS: Political history, Historical analysis, Political development, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: France-Chad relations; RDA (Rassemblement Démocratique Africain); PPT (Parti Progressiste du Tchad); TOM (Territoires d'Outre-Mer); France-West Africa relations. Examines the political struggle of RDA—the Pan-African political party that launched independence movements in French-speaking Africa. Looks at the role of RDA in Chad during the last days of French colonial power in Africa. SEE ALSO 2906, 7124.

Population

4751 Nassour, Ouaidou G. 'Tchad." In: L'Evaluation des effectifs de la population des pays africains, vol. 1, edited by Groupe de Démographie Africaine. Paris: Groupe de Démographie Africaine, 1982. 261-281 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Border conflict, Population growth. KEYWORDS: census.

Regionalism/Nationalism

4752 Dadi, Abderahman. Tchad: l'état retrouvé. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1987.222 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: National integration, Political analysis, Nation-building. KEYWORDS: FAN (Forces Armées du Nord); FROLINAT (Front de Libération Nationale Tchadienne); GUNT (Gouvernement d'Union Nationale Transitionnel). Examines the Chadian problem as a crisis of state and government policy, as well as the role of France and Libya in the Chadian crisis. Predicts the eventual national integration of the country. 4753 Kalflèche, Jean-Marc. "Tchad: la fin des mythes." Géopolitique africaine 5 (April 1987): 5-32. SUBJECTS: Nationalism, National identity, Civil war. KEYWORDS: Habre, Hissene; GUNT (Gouvernement d'Union Nationale Transitionnel); FAN (Forces Armées du Nord). Examines events in Chad, including its civil war and the national identity question. Describes the historical evolution of the conflict, the major players, and recent manifestations of political power and the state. SEE ALSO 3252, 7133, 8160,10406.

Rural Development

4754 Charriere, Georges. "La Culture attelée: un progrès dangereux." Cahiers des sciences humaines 20, no. 3/4 (1984): 647656. SUBJECTS: Desertification, Rural development, Agricultural

COMOROS/General

development, Integrated rural development. KEYWORDS: soil erosion.

Social Movement

4755 Buijtenhuijs, R. "Le FROLINAT à l'épreuve du pouvoir." Politique africaine no. 16 (December 1984): 15-29. SUBJECTS: Internal conflict, Liberation movement, Revolutionary movement. K E Y W O R D S : F R O L I N A T (Front de Libération Nationale Tchadienne); Weddeye, Goukouni; Habre, Hissene. 4756 Lanne, B. "Le Sud, l'état et la révolution." Politique africaine no. 16 (December 1984): 30-44. SUBJECTS: Liberation movement, Civil war, Revolutionary movement, Internal conflict. KEYWORDS: FROLINAT (Front de Libération Nationale Tchadienne); GUNT (Gouvernement d'Union Nationale Transitionnel); Kamougue, Wadal Abdelkader; Habre, Hissene; Goukouni, Weddeye.

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4757 Lanne, Bernard. "La Chute d'Hissene Habré et le projet de fusion avec la Lybie." Afrique contemporaine 113 (January/February 1981): 6-12. SUBJECTS: Political opposition, Insurgency, Liberation movement, Civil war. KEYWORDS: GUNT (Gouvernement d'Union Nationale Transitionnel); FAP (Forces Armées Populaires); Kamougue, Wadal Abdelkader; Lagos Conference 1964; Habre, Hissene.

Women and Gender

4758 Reyna, S. P. Bridewealth Revisited: Socialization and the Reproduction of Labor in a Domestic African Economy. East Lansing, Michigan: Women in International Development, Michigan State University, 1985. 22 pp. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Women's economic role. KEYWORDS: Bagirmi people; bridewealth. SEE ALSO 4594.

COMOROS Agriculture

4759 Jobs and Skills Programme for Africa. Développement rural et emploi des jeunes aux Comores: rapport soumis au gouvernement des Comores par une mission d'assistance technique du PECTA. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: ILO (International Labour Organization), PECTA, 1985. 156 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Human resources development, Agricultural development, Livestock production, Informal sector, Employment, Fishing industry, Youth issues. KEYWORDS: agroindustry.

Colonialism

4760 Gaspart, Claude. "Les Survivances coloniales aux Comores." In: African Islands and Enclaves, edited by Robin Cohen. Beverly Hills, California: Sage, 1983. 217-248 pp. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Decolonization, Economic dependency, Strategic policy, Coup d'état. KEYWORDS: Indian Ocean.

Economics

Formation of National Language Policies in the Comoros, Mauritius, and Seychelles. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1983. 47 pp. ALSO COVERS: Seychelles, Mauritius. SUBJECTS: Formal education, Secondary education, Adult education, Education system, Education policy, Language policy.

General

4762 Charpantier, Jean. "Le Régime d'Ali Soilih Moroni, 19751978: analyse structurelle (première partie)." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 219/220 (1984): 32-50. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Political violence, Coup d'état, Islamic society. KEYWORDS: Soilih, Ali; Zanzibar Nationalist Party; TANU; UMMA (People's Party); Zanzibar. 4763 Charpantier, Jean. "Le Régime d'Ali Soilih Moroni, 19751978: analyse structurelle (deuxième partie)." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 221/222 (1984): 3-22. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Traditional political system, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: Soilih, Ali; SODEC (Société pour le Développement Economique des Comoros). 4764 Ottenheimer, Martin. Marriage in Domoni: Husbands and Wives in an Indian Ocean Community. Prospect Heights, Illinois: Waveland, 1985. 106 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Marriage, Women's studies. KEYWORDS: polygyny; matrilocality; Domoni, Comoros.

SEE ALSO 546, 4786.

Education

4761 Richmond, Edmun B. Language Teaching in the Indian Ocean: Policy and Pedagogy in Three Developing Nations: A Study of the

4765 Schultz, Patrick. "Le Statut constitutionnel et administratif de Mayotte." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique 96, no. 790/791 (January/July 1986): 97-128. SUBJECTS: Constitutional development, Colonialism, Administration. KEYWORDS: Mayotte Islands. Examines the evolution of the Mayotte constitution since 1958. Addresses who has a say in drafting the Mayotte constitution and its limits. SEE ALSO 1608, 12769.

314 • COM ORO S/Military Affairs Military Affairs

SEE ALSO 12152.

Politics

4766 Charpantier, Jean. "Le Pouvoir d'Ali Soilih Ngazidja, 19751978." L'Afrique et l'Asie modernes 157 (1988): 70-89. SUBJECTS: Political alliance, Power politics, Islamic society, Religion, Coup d'état, Political parties. KEYWORDS: SODEC (Société pour le Développement Economique des Comoros); Soilih, Ali. Explores the coup d'état of August 3,1975, and the failure of the government, which led to the death of Ali Soilih. 4767 Charpantier, Jean. "Le Régime d'Ali Soilih Moroni, 19751978: analyse structurelle (troisième partie)." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 223/224 (1984): 29-47. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Elections. KEYWORDS: Soilih, Ali; Mouvement Populaire Mahorais; destabilization; UMMA. 4768 Mukonoweshuro, Eliphas G. "The politics of squalor and dependency: Chronic political instability and economic collapse in the Comoro Islands." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 89, no. 357 (October 1990): 555-577. tables. SUBJECTS: Neocolonialism, Poverty, Political parties, State politics, Military alliance. KEYWORDS: France-Comoros relations; RSA-Comoros relations. Argues that the Comorian state's need to sell itself to the highest bidder has rendered politics there into an indistinguishable blend of national and foreign interests. Describes the situation as the privatization of the state by local elites and foreign partners. Claims it has led to poverty and dependence. 4769 Newitt, Malyn. The Comoro Islands: Struggle against Dependency in the Indian Ocean. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1984. 144 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Political history, Economic history, Ethnicity, Geographical analysis, Colonialism, Political independence. KEYWORDS: Parti Vert; Parti Blanc; Abdallah, Ahmed Abderamane; Ibrahim, Said; Soilih, Ali.

4770 Venter, Denis. "La Tragicomédie comorienne: rideau sur le système Abdallah?" Année africaine (1989): 387-415. SUBJECTS: Government analysis, Coup d'état, Elections, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: Abdallah, Ahmed Abderamane; Denard, Bob; FranceComoros relations; RSA-Comoros relations. Analyzes recent political history in Comoros. Includes an analysis of the reign of Abdallah, the role of Bob Denard and his mercenaries, French-Comoran relations, the eviction of Denard, and the reinstatement of multiparty democracy in the Comoros. Also discusses the recent structural adjustments undertaken as a result of financial crisis. 4771 Venter, Denis. "The Comorian comitragedy: Final curtain on Abdallahism?" 4/h'ca Insight. 20, no. 3 (1990): 141-150. SUBJECTS: Leadership analysis, Elections, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: Abdallah, Ahmed Abderamane; Denard, Bob; Djohar, Said Mohamed. Reviews Comorian history, including the strategic role of the islands and the rise and decline of three leaders. Concludes that France and the RS A are responsible for the economic and political instability of the islands.

Population

4772 Talion, Fabrice. "Comores." In: L'Evaluation des effectifs de la population des pays africains, vol. 2, edited by Groupe de Démographie Africaine. Paris: Groupe de Démographie Africaine, 1984. 109-117 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Population distribution. KEYWORDS: census.

Religion

4773 Robineau, Claude. "Jeunesse, religion et révolution: l'expérience comorienne (1975-1978)." Cahiers des sciences humaines 21, no. 2/3 (1985): 187-196. biblio. SUBJECTS: Religion, Youth issues, Revolutionary movement, Traditional society, Islamic society, Colonialism, Political development.

CONGO Agriculture

4774 Basseyla, Dominique. "Régimes fonciers coutumiers et développement agricole et rural en République Populaire du Congo." In: Problèmes fonciers et politiques agricoles en Afrique centrale, edited by Lapika Dimomfu. Kinshasa, Zaire: CERDAS, 1988. 70-89 pp. SUBJECTS: Land-use policy, Agricultural development, Rural development, Land tenure system, Peasant society, Traditional legal system. Claims that Congo's rich agricultural potential is one way of addressing current economic difficulties, despite the present low production. Suggests that cultivators need both help in developing more efficient institutions and a dynamic agricultural policy to facilitate farmer revenue accumulation. Discusses land reform. 4775 Desjeux, Dominique. Stratégies paysannes en Afrique noire: le

Congo: essai sur la gestión de I' incertitude. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1987. 247 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Peasant economy, Agricultural development, Kinship, Land distribution, Public health, Social change. KEYWORDS: Sundi people; PCT (Parti Congolais du Travail); PDR (Projet de Développement Rurale); Pool people. Describes a model for agricultural marketing in the Congo. Suggests that the use of sorcery may be a rational means of organizing family wealth and household politics. States that underdevelopment cannot be blamed on local extension agents and that Westerners have underestimated their own role. 4776 Hung, G. Nguyen Tien, José Alfaro, Richard E. Downs, and Winfred Biddier. Agricultural and Rural Development in the People's Republic of the Congo. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1986. 236 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural marketing, Demographic analysis, Socialist economy, Economic growth policy, Agricultural production, Cooperatives. KEYWORDS: economic geography;

CONGO/Education

farmers' organization. Examines the structural and functional changes within the agricultural sector in the Congo and the government's application of Marxist models in its development planning. Provides an assessment of the constraints that are placed on agricultural development and marketing in the Congo and the effectiveness of cooperatives in the development scheme.

Colonialism

4777 Ekondy, Akala. Le Congo Brazzaville: essai d'analyse et d' explication sociologiques selon la méthode pluraliste. Bern, Switzerland: Publications Universitaires Européennes, 1983. 521 pp. SUBJECTS: Sociological analysis, Colonialism, Decolonization, Political development, Economic cooperation. KEYWORDS: CFA monetary area. SEE ALSO 386.

Economics

4778 Auger, Alain. "Congo." In: African Perspectives: An Exchange of Essays on the Economic Geography of Nine African States, edited by Harm J. de Blij, Esmond Martin, and Ali Memon. New York: Methuen, 1981. 193-226 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Socialist economy. KEYWORDS: economic geography; spatial analysis. 4779 Ayessa, Alphonse. "Congo: un rendement fiscal dépendant des facteurs extérieurs." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 249/250 (1986): 72-80. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Fiscal policy, Budget policy, Taxation policy, Informal sector, Formal sector. KEYWORDS: World Bank; food self-sufficiency. Suggests that the Congo's taxation policy needs to be more tied to Congolese economic policies. 4780 Belotteau, Jacques. "Situation économique du Congo ."Afrique contemporaine 131 (July/September 1984): 23-43. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic planning, Industrial sector, Finance, Trade policy, Budget policy. 4781 Bonnafe, Pierre. "Stratégies alimentaires des femmes d'une région congolaise: exploitation et autonomie." In: Femmes et politiques alimentaires: Actes du Séminaire International sur le Place des Femmes dans l'Autosuffisance et les Stratégies Alimentaires, edited by Jeanne Bisilliat. Paris: ORSTOM, 1985.498-508 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Women's studies, Food production, Colonialism, Economic dependency, Household economy, Social welfare system. 4782 Breton, Jean-Marie. "Les Nouvelles tendances du droit de la fonction publique face aux difficultés du développement: les orientations socio-économiques retenues en Centrafrique et au Congo." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 36, no. 3/4 (July/December 1982): 863-889. SUBJECTS: Socialist development, Economic development, Economic recession, Civil service, Budget policy. 4783 Diata, Hervé. "Ajustement structurel au Congo: la perversion de l'autocentrage." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 12,

• 315

no. 3 (1987): 51-70. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic crisis, Economic recession, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: IMF. Explores the relationship between the Congo and the IMF. Asserts that even socialist nations such as the Congo cannot reduce their dependency on the IMF. 4784 Goma, Pierre-Marie. "Fiscalité indirecte et logique budgétaire au Congo." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 251/252 (1986/1987): 45-61. tables. SUBJECTS: Budget policy, Fiscal policy, Taxation policy, Economie planning. KEYWORDS: economic stabilization; spatial analysis. Assesses the indirect taxation policy in the Congo, concentrating on the internal factors that led to its formulation. Argues for a model of median stabilization between the formal and informal sectors of Congolese economy, encouraging an arbitration between historical factors and modern factors and for corporation profit and taxation revenue. 4785 International Labour Organisation and PECTA (Programme des Emplois et des Compétences Techniques pour l'Afrique). Disparités de revenus entre les villes et les campagnes en République Populaire du Congo. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: International Labour Organisation, 1982. 86 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Income inequality, Economic development, Demographic analysis, Agricultural development, Price policy, Fiscal policy. KEYWORDS: regional inequality; urban bias. 4786 Robineau, Claude. "A la recherche des unités économiques: trois approches: Comores, Congo, Tahiti." Cahiers des sciences humaines 19, no. 1 (1983): 119-135. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Comoros. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Political change, Statistical analysis, Subsistence economy. 4787 Vallee, Olivier. "Les Cycles de la dette." Politique africaine no. 31 (October 1988): 15-21. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic crisis, Debt crisis, Debt financing. KEYWORDS: oil crisis 1981; Paris Club; donor agency. Discusses Congo's cyclical financial crisis, which is characterized by considerable foreign debt. States that petroleum resources have permitted massive investments in unproductive sectors that have accentuated the debt. Concludes that today the Congo is totally dependent on external market and financial fluctuations.

Education

4788 Jacquot, Andre. " Q u e l q u e s r é f l e x i o n s à propos de l'enseignement en langue vernaculaire." Cahiers des sciences humaines 21, no. 2/3 (1985): 355-359. ALSO COVERS: Gabon, Senegal. SUBJECTS: Language policy, Education policy, Traditional society. 4789 N'Gakegni, Prosper. Problèmes actuels d'éducation en République Populaire du Congo. Brazzaville, Congo: Bantoues, 1985. 236 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Education system, Education policy, Imperialism, Neocolonialism. KEYWORDS: PCT (Parti Congolais du Travail); UNESCO. 4790 Popular Republic of Congo. La Révolution congolaise et l'éducation 1963-1983: les progrès, les problèmes et les perspectives. Brazzaville, Congo: République Populaire du Congo, 1983. 130 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Education reform, Education policy. 4791 Queffélec, Ambroise, and Augustin Niangouna. Le Français au

316

• CONGO/Education

Congo (RPC). Publications Université de Provence, 1990. 333 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Language policy, Sociological analysis, Education system, Mass communication. Provides a brief sociolinguistic analysis of the use of French language in Congo. Examines the different national linguistic groups and their relationship to and influence on the use of French.

Foreign Relations

4792 Boumba, Maganga. Le Congo et l'OUA. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1989. 207 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: International politics, State politics, International relations. KEYWORDS: OAU; OAU-Congo relations. Examines the Congo's relations and role within the OAU. Analyzes the overall economic and political structure of the organization, as well as the participation of its member states. Assesses the strategies used by the Congo when faced with conflicts in Africa. 4793 Mboukou, Alexandre. "Neo-colonialism and the politics of oil in Africa: The case of France and the People's Republic of the Congo." Africa Quarterly 24, no. 3/4 (1985): 22-33. SUBJECTS: International relations, Nationalization, Neocolonialism, Foreign policy, Monetary policy, Oil industry. KEYWORDS: France-Congo relations. 4794 Ndoba, Noel. "Notes sur les investissements directs arabes au Congo." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 11, no. 2/3 (1986): 289-294. ALSO COVERS: Algeria, Libya. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign investment. KEYWORDS: Arab-Congo relations. Assesses Arab investment in the Congo. Asserts that investment comes only from Algeria and Libya and analyzes that direct investment. SEE ALSO 1285, 1320, 3923.

General

4795 Achikbache, Bahjat, and Francis Anglade. "Les Villes prises d'assaut: les migrations internes." Politique africaine no. 31 (October 1988): 6-14. maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Migration pattern, Development planning, Urbanization. KEYWORDS: Brazzaville, Congo; Pointe Noire, Congo. Discusses how population growth in the Congo created an urban migration of young people, attracted toward schools and jobs. Assesses their success and the subsequent creation of jobs in the rural areas. 4796 Balandier, Georges. Sociologie des Brazzavilles noires. Paris: Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques, 1985. 306 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Rural development, Urban development, Labor force, Rural-urban migration, Political development. KEYWORDS: Poto-Poto, Congo. 4797 Bertrand, Germain. "Problèmes du développement rural en République Populaire du Congo." Afrika Spectrum 21, no. 3 (1986): 299-313. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Economic crisis, Agricultural development, Cooperatives. Examines the difficulties of rural development in the Republic of Congo, which stem from the country's history. Analyzes the beginnings of urbanization and the growth of modern, capitalist, and essentially export-oriented agriculture due to colonialism. Assesses the

destruction of traditional forms of agriculture and the hope presented by cooperatives and other viable alternatives. 4798 Dupré, Georges. Un Ordre et sa destruction. Paris: ORSTOM, 1982. 446 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Gabon. SUBJECTS: Family, Traditional society, Anthropological analysis, Colonialism, Traditional political system, Sex role. KEYWORDS: Nzabi people. 4799 Fabian, Johannes. "Les Missions et la colonisation des langues africaines: le cas de l'ex-Congo Belge." In: Dialoguer avec le léopard? edited by Bogumil Jewsiewicki and Henri Moniot. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1988. 11-48 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Zaire. SUBJECTS: Language policy, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: missionaries; Belgium-Central Africa relations; French language. Analyzes the influence of the French language on local languages during the period of Belgian colonialism in Central Africa. Reviews the civilizing and education motives of missionaries and how they relate to current language policy. 4800 Faculté des Lettres et de Sciences Humaines, ed. Actes du Premier Colloque de Sociologie: rôle de la sociologie dans le développement national: Brazzaville, les 17,18,19, mai 1982. Brazzaville, Congo: Université Marien Ngouabi, 1982. 144 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: National development, Rural development, Sociological analysis, Anthropological analysis, Arts. KEYWORDS: UNPD (UN Program for Development); ILO. 4801 Gamandzori, Joseph. "Le Mouvement associatif des jeunes dans la dynamique sociale au Congo-1945-1973." In: Le Mouvement associatif des jeunes en Afrique noire francophone au XXe siècle, edited by Hélène d'Almeida-Topor and Odile Goerg. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1989. 69-90 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Youth issues, Colonialism, Historical analysis, Political analysis. Draws on history to trace the origins and structure of the youth organization movement in the Congo from colonial times to the independence era. Examines the different forms of organization and their relationship with politics, education, and urban problems. 4802 Guillermou, Yves. "Procès de production et formes de surtravail dans les sociétés rurales africaines: exemple du Congo." Cahiers des sciences humaines 24, no. 4 (1988): 471-485. SUBJECTS: Agricultural labor, Women's economic role, Social change, Marriage. KEYWORDS: Nzabi people; Beembe people; Kukuya people. Examines women's labor as an undervalued form of internal exploitation in Africa. Analyzes the variation of women's labor power among the Nzabi, Kukuya, and Beembe peoples. Claims that women fulfill most of the productive tasks in all three groups while men control the production process and claim the surplus. 4803 Hagenbucher-Sacripanti, Frank. Santé et rédemption par les génies au Congo: la médecine traditionnelle selon le Mvulusi. Paris: Publisud, 1989. 304 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Traditional medicine, Traditional society, Traditional religion, Anthropological analysis. KEYWORDS: Mvulusi (traditional medical practice); Nyi:Mbi (traditional concept for a type of cosmogony); Nkisi (traditional concept for a type of cosmogony). Presents the different dimensions of Congolese cosmogony and their relationship with traditional medicine. Examines Mvulusi as a traditional medical practice based on a ritualist approach of redemption and sorcery. 4804 INRETS. Transport et autosuffisance alimentaire en Afrique (Mali, Zaïre, Congo). Arcueil, France: INRETS, 1986. 54 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Mali, Zaire. SUBJECTS: Transportation system, Agricultural production, Private sector, Selfsufficient economy. KEYWORDS: OPAM (Office des Produits Agricoles du Mali); INRETS (Institut National de la Recherche sur les

CONGO/Health

Transports et Leur Sécurité). Discusses the relationship between transportation systems and the economy of agriculture. Examines the role and influence of good or insufficient transportation systems in the marketing and commerce of agricultural products in Zaire, Mali, and the Congo. 4805 Jackson, Henry F. From the Congo to Soweto: US Foreign Policy Toward Africa. New York: W. Morrow, 1982. 324 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa, Angola. SUBJECTS: Foreign p o l i c y , A p a r t h e i d , E c o n o m i c relations, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: Carter, Jimmy; Reagan, Ronald; US-Congo relations; US-Angola relations; US-RSA relations. 4806 Kabongo, Ilunga. "The catastrophe of Belgian decolonization." In: Decolonization and African Independence: The Transfers of Power, 1960-1980, edited by Prosser Gifford and Wm. Roger Louis. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1988. 381-400 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Decolonization, Nationalist movement. KEYWORDS: Lumumba, Patrice; MNC (Mouvement Nationaliste Congolais); UN. Discusses the origins of the process that led to the transfer of power in the Congo and its immediate consequences in the period from 1957 to 1965. Deals with the transfer of power, the consequences of the transfer, and the relative stabilization of the polity and counterreaction of nationalists. 4807 Kauppi, Mark V. "Moscow and the Congo." Problems of Communism 39 (March/April 1990): 42-60. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Military aid, Marxism-Leninism. KEYWORDS: USSR-Congo relations; PCT (Parti Congolais du Travail); MPLA; CPSU (Communist Party of the Soviet Union); Sassou-Nguesso, Denis. Provides an overview of Soviet relations with the Congo as a reflection of broader trends throughout Africa. Maintains that this policy is driven more by relations with Soviets than by ideological orientation as exemplified by Soviet military aid given to the Congo despite its also receiving economic aid from the West. 4808 Kelley, Robin D. G. "Problems of socialist transformation in Africa: The Congolese experience." Ufahamu 13, no. 2/3 (1984): 259-282. SUBJECTS: Socialist revolution, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: Youlou, Fulbert; Sassou-Nguesso, Denis.

•

317

than from Katangan traditional society. Examines the link between events in the early 1960s and 1979-1980. 4812 Maboundou, Rigobert. "Concurrence procès de travail agricoles/procès de travail non agricoles dans le rapport espacedéveloppement: une proposition d'interprétation des problèmes fonciers en République Populaire du Congo." In: Problèmes fonciers et politiques agricoles en Afrique centrale, edited by Lapika Dimomfu. Kinshasa, Zaire: CERDAS, 1988. 90-100 pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Land-use policy, Land reform. KEYWORDS: ARR (Action de Renovation Rurale). Addresses land reform and other rural transformations,which could improve agricultural production in the Congo. Claims that such formations need to be closely surveyed in order to prevent deviations and fluctuations from serious development policy. 4813 Mahoney, Richard D. JFK: Ordeal in Africa. New York: Oxford University Press, 1983. 338 pp. ALSO COVERS: Ghana, Angola. SUBJECTS: Diplomatic relations, Democracy, National liberation movement, Nationalism. KEYWORDS: Kennedy, John F.; Lumumba, Patrice; Nkrumah, Kwame; Salazar, Antonio de Oliveira; US - Africa relations. 4814 Ossebi, Henri. "Un Quotidien en trompe-l'oeil: bars et 'nganda' à Brazzaville." Politique africaine no. 31 (October 1988): 67-72. SUBJECTS: Urban population, Social stratification, Informal sector, Consumption pattern. KEYWORDS: beer; bars; nganda (private bars); nightclubs; Brazzaville, Congo. Analyzes bars in Brazzaville as places noisy with music and the disappointments of city dwellers. Describes them as areas where social status is manifested by the brand of beer consumed and the nature of the place frequented. Distinguishes between public bars and private ones, the latter called "nganda." 4815 Thompson, Virginia, and Richard Adloff. Historical Dictionary of the People's Republic of the Congo. Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow, 1984. 239 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Political development, Economic development, Historical analysis.

4809 Lallemant, Marc, and Gonzague Jourdain. "La Grossesse impossible chez les jeunes filles scolarisées à Brazzaville." Cahiers des sciences humaines 21, no. 2/3 (1985): 363-372. SUBJECTS: Public health, W o m e n ' s studies, Urbanization, Education policy. KEYWORDS: abortion; Brazzaville, Congo.

4816 Tonda, Joseph. "Marx et l'ombre des fétiches: pouvoir local contre Ndjobi dans le Nord-Congo." Politique africaine no. 31 (October 1988): 73-83. SUBJECTS: Religion, Political parties, Traditional Society. KEYWORDS: Ndjobi people; PCT (Parti Congolais du Travail). Discusses the role of the Ndjobi in local leadership in an area north of Brazzaville. Explores interactions between the Ndjobi and local representatives of Congolese government.

4810 Le Roy, Etienne. "L'Etat africain et l'entreprise nationalisée: contribution à un lecture anthropologique de l'entreprise africaine à travers l'exemple de la SIACONGO, agro-industrie congolaise." In: Actes du Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique: XIX et XX siècles, volume 2, edited by Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique, XIX et XX siècles. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1983. 587-604 pp. biblio. S U B J E C T S : Industrial d e v e l o p m e n t , M a n a g e m e n t . KEYWORDS: agroindustry; SIACONGO (Société Industrielle et Agricole du Congo).

4817 Ziavoula, Robert Edmond. "La Course à l'espace urbain: les conflits fonciers à Brazzaville." Politique africaine no. 31 (October 1988): 22-29. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Urban planning policy, Land-use policy, Land tenure system, Local government. KEYWORDS: Brazzaville, Congo. Discusses the custom of the sale of the same parcel of land to several buyers in Brazzaville, which produces endless conflicts involving a multiplicity of actors: landlords, neighborhood committees, resellers, buyers, and representatives of the administration.

4811 Lumumba-Kasongo, Tukumbi. "Katanga secession: creation of the West or manifestation of Congolese internal power struggle?" Journal of African Studies 15, no. 3/4 (Fall/Winter 1988): 101-109. SUBJECTS: Liberation movement, Colonialism, Internal conflict. KEYWORDS: secession movement; Katanga secession movement; Shaba Invasions 1979-1980; CONAKAT (Confédération des Associations Tribales de Katanga). Describes the history of the Katanga secessionist movement both internally and internationally. Concludes that the movement arose more from the economic conflicts and colonial structures of the region

SEE ALSO 1608, 15489,15531.

Health

4818 Dumoulin, Jérôme. "Opération coup de poing santé au Congo en 1981." Politique africaine no. 28 (December 1987): 81-88. SUB-

318 • CONGO/Health JECTS : Armed forces, Health care policy, Development planning, Health care system. KEYWORDS: Organisation Coup de Poing Santé. Examines the effects of the Congo's Operation Coup de Poing Santé policy, which requires that the Ministry of Health and the army share the costs of medicine and health care. Criticizes the policy for ignoring quality-of-life issues, favoring two large hospitals, and lack of professionalism. 4819 Gruenais, Marc-Eric, and Dominique Mayala. "Comment se débarrasser de l'efficacité symbolique' de la médecine traditionnelle?" Politique africaine no. 31 (October 1988): 51-61. SUBJECTS: Health care policy, State intervention, Traditional society, Traditional medicine. KEYWORDS: WHO; UNTC (Union Nationale des Tradipraticiens Congolais); PCT (Parti Congolais du Travail). States that magical-religious practices in the treatment of disease pose questions for organizing traditional medicine in conformity with scientific socialism. Claims that the state's goal of resolving the problem reflects its desire to control public opinion. 4820 Lallemant, Marc, and Jacques Senechal. "Malnutrition, santé et approvisionnement vivrier à Brazzaville." In: Nourrir les villes en Afrique sub-saharienne, edited by N. Bricas, G. Courade, J. Coussy, and Ph. Hugon. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1985.196-208 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Malnutrition, Public health, Urbanization, Food scarcity. KEYWORDS: Brazzaville, Congo.

Household and Family

4821 Colonna, François, Bernard Lacombe, and Gaspard Boungou. "Les Jeunes et leurs aînés au Congo: différenciation statistique." Cahiers des sciences humaines 21, no. 2/3 (1985): 229-235. SUBJECTS: Religion, Youth issues, Household analysis, Ethnicity, Kinship, Statistical analysis. KEYWORDS: socialization. 4822 Poaty, Jean Pierre. "De la survie en milieu urbain." Politique africaine no. 31 (October 1988): 30-38. SUBJECTS: Urban development, Household analysis, Unemployment, Family. KEYWORDS: underemployment. States that the proportion of unemployed is particularly high among the Congo's urban population. Argues that the survival of households demands survival strategies that value family solidarity and wives' economic activity. Points out that the least service becomes exchangeable for money.

Industry

4823 Regional and Country Studies Branch, UNIDO. Industrial Development Review Series: Congo. Vienna, Austria: UNIDO, 1986. 87 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Economic development, Industrial development, Manufacturing sector, Development planning, Development policy. Reviews the basic factors surrounding industrial development in the Congo, drawing data primary from UNIDO headquarters. Suggests that the Congo's relatively high pace of economic growth in the early 1980s

was aided by rising oil outputs and prices. Asserts that the Congo ought to diversify its industrial sector and promote agricultural-based industry. 4824 Suret-Canale, Jean. "Quelques données sur les entreprises en République Populaire du Congo (1970-1971)." In: Actes du Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique: XIX et XX siècles, volume 2, edited by Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique, XIX et XX siècles. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1983. 519-534 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Industrial development, Commercial sector, Forestry industry, Export market. SEE ALSO 2175.

Legal System

4825 Assémékang, Charles. Le Droit des personnes et de la famille: commentaire et guide pratique du code de la famille de la République du Congo. Brazzaville, Congo: Ministère de la Justice, 1984. 470 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Law, Family, Women's rights, Judicial system, Marriage. KEYWORDS: inheritance; Family Code 1984. 4826 Bankounda, Félix. "Les Lois organiques existent-elles au Congo?" Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 44, no. 3 (October/December 1990): 425-439. SUBJECTS: Law, Constitutional law. KEYWORDS: France-Congo relations; organic law. Analyzes the issue of organic law in the Congo. Claims that the Congo's Constitution of 1963 did not institute organic law as an autonomous juridical category in the same sense as the Constitution of 1958 through French public law. Explains that absence in terms of differences in the political systems of the two countries. 4827 Breton, Jean-Marie. "La Révision constitutionnelle du 23 août 1984 et l'évolution du régime politique congolais." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 39, no. 3/4 (July/December 1985): 871-891. SUBJECTS: Presidential government, Constitutional development, Constitutional reform. 4828 Breton, Jean-Marie. "Le Contentieux administratif et la réorganisation de la justice en République Populaire du Congo." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 37, no. 4 (July/December 1983): 763-794. SUBJECTS: Administration, Socialist government, Legal system, Judicial system. KEYWORDS: supreme court. 4829 B r e t o n , J e a n - M a r i e . " L e s Bases f o r m e l l e s de l'ordonnancement juridique congolais: évolution et réformes." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 38, no. 3 (September 1984): 743-755. SUBJECTS: Legal reform, Traditional legal system. 4830 Iloki, A. "Une Juridiction d'exception en République Populaire du Congo: la cour révolutionnaire de justice." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique 95, no. 788/789 (July/December 1985): 255-261. SUBJECTS: Judicial system. KEYWORDS: popular tribunal. 4831 Iloki, Auguste. "La Justice au Congo: pouvoir ou service public." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique 98, no. 796 (January/May 1988): 113-142. SUBJECTS: Legal system, Judicial system, Constitutional law.

CONGO/Politics Examines the place of the Congolese constitution in the judical system. 4832 Iloki, Auguste. "Le Conseil constitutionnel: une nouvelle institution en République Populaire du Congo." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique 96, no. 790/791 (January/July 1986): 9-12. SUBJECTS: Judicial system, Constitutional law, Constitution. KEYWORDS: supreme court. Examines the role that the Congolese constitution plays in Congolese politics. 4833 Iloki, Auguste. "Les Tribunaux populaires en République Populaire du Congo." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique 95, no. 786/787 (January/June 1985): 107-114. SUBJECTS: Legal system. KEYWORDS: popular tribunal. 4834 Pereira, Claude C. "Evolution consitutionnelle et politique du Congo de la communauté française à la République Populaire." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique 94, no. 784 (April/June 1984): 167-192. SUBJECTS: International relations, Constitutional development, Marxism-Leninism, Legislative action, Executive power. KEYWORDS: Congo constitutions; Congo National Assembly; France-Congo relations.

Military Affairs

SEE ALSO 4636,14852.

Planning and Development

• 319

socialiste: principes et forces politiques." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique 95, no. 786/787 (Januaiy/June 1985): 89-106. SUBJECTS: Political parties, Marxism-Leninism, Presidential government, Socialist government. KEYWORDS: PCT (Parti Congolais du Travail). 4838 Decalo, Samuel. "Socio-Economic Constraints on Radical Action in the People's Republic of the Congo." In: Military Marxist Regimes in Africa, edited by John Markakis and Michael Waller. London: Frank Cass, 1986. 39-57 pp. SUBJECTS: Military government, Marxism, Socialist revolution. KEYWORDS: Marien Ngouabi. Discusses socioeconomic constraints on radical military rule in the Congo. Examines the degree to which financial burdens have forced the government to allow outside interests to dictate policy. 4839 Levine, Victor T. "Military rule in the People's Republic of Congo." In: The Military in African Politics, edited by John W. Harbeson. New York: Praeger, 1987. 123-140 pp. SUBJECTS: Ethnicity, Military government, Economic development, Marxism, Coup d'état. KEYWORDS: Sassou-Nguesso, Denis; France-Congo relations. Notes the Nguesso government's adherence to the socialist rhetoric and developmental goals articulated by its predecessor while it pragmatically accommodates foreign capital, a mixed economy, and a liberal investment code. Suggests that ethnicity has slipped into the background as a factor in the political conflict in the Congo. 4840 Makonda, Antoine. "Une Ecole 'pour le peuple'?" Politique africaine no. 31 (October 1988): 39-50. SUBJECTS: Socialist governm e n t , E d u c a t i o n policy, Education system, D e m o c r a c y . KEYWORDS: INRAP (Institut National de Recherche et d'Action Pédagogique); compulsory education. Addresses the philosophy of compulsory education and some of its negative effects, including the recruitment of unqualified teachers, absence of a real policy on school equipment, wrong use of funds, and programs that were not adapted to the needs of the country. 4841 Mampouya, Joseph. Le Tribalisme au Congo. Paris: La Pensée Universelle, 1983. 157 pp. SUBJECTS: Ethnicity, Traditional political system, Nationalism, Political ideology, Class conflict, Marxist analysis.

SEE ALSO 4735.

Politics

4835 Boumakani, Benjamin. "Les Aspects nouveaux de pouvoir réglementaire en droit public congolais." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 41, no. 3 (July/September 1987): 185198. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Political power, Judicial system, Constitutional development. KEYWORDS: supreme court. Examines the duality of judicial controls in the Congo as expressed on one hand by the national supreme court and on the other hand by the constitutional council. 4836 Breton, J. M. "La Réforme domaniale et foncière en République Populaire du Congo." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique 94, no. 783 (January/April 1984): 41-82. SUBJECTS: Land reform, Landuse policy, Land tenure system, Judicial system, Marxist analysis, Constitutional law. 4837 Breton, Jean-Marie. "Le Congo après vingt ans de régime

4842 Ngassaki, Athanase. Les Entreprises d'état au Congo: pour un nouveau modèle de gestion. Paris: Messidor, 1989. 241 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Public sector, Economic management, State intervention, Economic analysis. Examines the economic management system of state enterprises in the Congo. Analyzes a system of economic development based mainly on public-sector activities, and proposes management incentives and models to address such a development policy. 4843 Pereira, Claude C. "Evolution constitutionnelle et politique du Congo de la communauté française à la République Populaire." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique 94, no. 785 (July/September 1984): 307-330. SUBJECTS: Legal system, Constitutional development, Executive power, Political power, State formation, Presidential government, Legislative action. KEYWORDS: FranceCongo relations. 4844 Wamba-dia-Wamba, E. "Experiences of struggles for democracy in Africa: The case of the People's Republic of Congo." Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review 2, no. 1 (January 1986): 48-67. SUBJECTS: Democracy, Marxism-Leninism, Revolutionary movement. Explores the Marxist conception of representative politics and the relationship between the masses, the working class, the communist

320 • CONGO/Politics party, and the state. Considers the struggle for democratic participation in the Congo. 4845 Wamba-dia-Wamba, E. "The experience of struggle in the People's Republic of Congo." In: Popular Struggles for Democracy in Africa, edited by Peter Anyang Nyong'o. Tokyo, Japan: Zed, 1987. 96-112 pp. SUBJECTS: Democracy, Marxism-Leninism, Bourgeoisie. KEYWORDS: Congo-Brazzaville. Examines the struggle for people's power in Congo-Brazzaville. Concludes that such struggles have exposed the opportunism and extremism of the petit bourgeois Marxist intellectuals.

4850 N'Kaloulou, Bernard. Dynamique paysanne et développement rural au Congo. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1984. 260 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Integrated rural development, Peasant society, Agricultural production, State intervention. KEYWORDS: PDR (Projet de Développement Rurale). SEE ALSO 3356, 13102.

Social Movement

SEE ALSO 2753, 2807, 3043, 4015, 15644.

4846 Mfoulou, Raphael. "Congo." In: L'Evaluation des effectifs de la population des pays africains, vol. 2, edited by Groupe de Démographie Africaine. Paris: Groupe de Démographie Africaine, 1984. 119-134 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Population growth. KEYWORDS: census.

4851 Nzongola-Ntalaja. "The second independence movement in Congo-Kinshasa." In: Popular Struggles for Democracy in Africa, edited by Peter Anyang Nyong'o. Tokyo, Japan: Zed, 1987. 113141 pp. t a b l e s . S U B J E C T S : I n d e p e n d e n c e m o v e m e n t , Colonialism, Resistance movement. KEYWORDS: Congo-Kinshasa; Lumumba, Patrice. Examines the struggle between the state and the popular alliance of workers, peasants, unemployed urban youth, students, lower-level civil servants, and radical nationalist leaders. Shows the strengths and weaknesses of both the state and the popular alliances within the sociopolitical context of neocolonialism.

Religion

Socioeconomic Analysis

4847 Kouvouama, Abel. ' " A chacun son prophète!'" Politique africaine no. 31 (October 1988): 62-65. SUBJECTS: Religion. KEYWORDS: PCT (Parti Congolais du Travail); PPC (Parti Progressiste Congolais); MSA (Mouvement Socialiste Africain); UDIA (Union de Défense des Intérêts Africains). Addresses the development of religious movements of a prophetic character as a response to a crisis and how they correspond to new modes of individual sociability.

SEE ALSO 14659.

4848 Open Doors Africa. Baseline Country Profiles for Open Doors Country Report—Congo. Nairobi, Kenya: Daystar University College, 1988. 59 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Christianity, Political development, Economic development, Religion. KEYWORDS: church-state relations; missionaries. Presents a political and economic overview of the People's Republic of Congo, examining the role of Christian missionaries and Christianity in the development of the country.

4852 Godard, X. "Quel modèle de transports collectifs pour les villes africaines?" Politique africaine 17 (March 1985): 41-57. tables. ALSO COVERS: Zaire. SUBJECTS: Urban politics, Transportation system, Urban development, Urban politics. KEYWORDS: urban economy; public transportation.

Population

Rural Development

4849 Guichaoua, André. "Développement rural et décentralisation regionale au Congo: le plan quinquennal 1982-86 à mi-parcours." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 229/230 (1985): 71-103. tables. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Regional development, Rural-urban migration, Decentralization, Rural planning policy. KEYWORDS: regional decentralization; Congo Fifth Development Plan 1982-1986.

Urban Development

SEE ALSO 4648, 13112.

Women and Gender

4853 Crapuchet, S. "Femmes villageoises de la région des plateaux en R é p u b l i q u e P o p u l a i r e du Congo: une enquête sociodémographique en vue d'un programme de développement social (1981)." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 196/197 (1982): 79-112. tables. SUBJECTS: Household analysis, Women's studies, Demographic analysis, Rural development, Rural population, Division of labor, Social development policy. KEYWORDS: villagization.

COTE D'I VOI RE/Agriculture

•

321

COTE D'IVOIRE

Agriculture

4854 Affou, Yapi Simplice. La Relève paysanne en Côte d'Ivoire: étude d'expériences vivrières. Paris: Kathala ORSTOM, 1990.231 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Peasant economy, Food production, Self-sufficient economy, Technical training, Agricultural development. Examines the self-sufficient food production program by new generation of peasants as an alternative to the failure of the agricultural development program in Côte d'Ivoire. Explores the causes, the circumstances of birth, and the functioning as well as the perspectives of such programs. 4855 Arditi, C., and J. M. Yung. "L'Epargne en milieu rural ivoirien." In: Comprendre l'économie en Afrique, edited by Frédéric Gagey. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1985. 199-228 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Peasant economy, Agricultural production, Commercial agriculture. KEYWORDS: Agni people; Baoulé people; Bété people; savings. 4856 Arditi, Claude. "Les Peul, les Senufo et les vétérinaires: pathologie d'une opération de développement dans le nord de la Côte d'Ivoire." Cahiers des sciences humaines 26, no. 1/2 (1990): 137-153. biblio. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Livestock production, Pastoralism, Cooperatives. KEYWORDS: SODEPRA (Société pour le Développement des Productions Animales); Fulani people; Senufo people; milk. Presents the results of a livestock development project with the Senufo and Peul (Fulani) peoples in Côte d'Ivoire. Examines SODEPRA's attempt to develop the savanna region of the Côte d'Ivoire and to reduce regional disparity of the country by increasing livestock production. Analyzes and evaluates cooperative organization, milk production, and the establishment of a livestock park as aspects of the program. 4857 Aubertin, Catherine. Le Programme sucrier ivoirien: une industrialisationregionalevolontariste. Paris: ORSTOM, 1983.191 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural sector, Development planning, Food production, Export policy, Industrialization. KEYWORDS: sugar. 4858 Baker, C. B., and Kinimo R. Yabile. "Reforms in the agricultural lending programs of Ivory Coast's BNDA." Savings and Development 10, no. 2 (1986): 155-172. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural policy, Credit policy, Smallholder agriculture, Reform. KEYWORDS: BNDA (Banque Nationale pour le Développement Agricole). Describes the BNDA's returns on agricultural loans as negative because its interest rates are so low and farmers frequently default. Explores reforms to reduce the BNDA's costs and how these reforms would affect smallholder farmers. Concludes that limited capital, not interest rates, most negatively affects farmers. 4859 Bassett, Thomas J. "Breaking up the bottlenecks in food-crop and cotton cultivation in northern Côte d'Ivoire." Africa: Journal of the International African Institute/Revue de l'institut africain international 58, no. 2 (1988): 147-174. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Food production, Rural development, Social stratification, Peasant economy, Cash crop production. KEYWORDS: Katiali, Côte d'Ivoire; cotton; northern Côte d'Ivoire.

Explores how farmers in Katiali, an area of northern Côte d'Ivoire, react to national policies that exploit cotton. Asserts that increased cotton production has not helped the Ivory Coast farmer and has significantly decreased the cultivation of food crops. 4860 Bassett, Thomas J. "Development theory and reality: The World Bank in northern Ivory Coast." Review of African Political Economy 41 (September 1988): 45-59. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Development theory, Food production, Export policy, Income distribution, Cash crop production, Commercial agriculture, Agricultural policy. KEYWORDS: cotton; WorldBank; cropping system; northern Côte d'Ivoire. Discusses the conflicting views that food production will either benefit or be damaged by the promotion of an export crop. Argues that outcomes can be understood only in light of the specific agrarian and political-economic contexts of such policies. Uses the case of cotton in northern Côte d'Ivoire to demonstrate the point. 4861 Bernardet, Philippe. Association agriculture-élévage en Afrique: lespeuls semitranshumants de Côte d'Ivoire. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1984.235 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Livestock production, Pastoralism, Migration, Traditional society, Division of labor. KEYWORDS: Fulani people. 4862 Bernardet, Phillipe. "Elevage et agriculture dans les savanes du Nord: les mécanismes sociaux d'un conflit." Politique africaine no. 24 (December 1986): 29-40. biblio. SUBJECTS: Development planning, Agricultural production, Livestock production, Rural development, Peasant economy. KEYWORDS: Fulani people. Outlines the relationship between livestock production and agriculture in Côte d'Ivoire, assessing the conflicts and contradictions that arise. 4863 Biarnes, Anne, and Jean-Philippe Colin. "Production vivrière et accès à la terre dans un village de basse Côte d'Ivoire." Cahiers des sciences humaines 23, no. 3/4 (1987): 455-470. tables. SUBJECTS: Farming system, Self-sufficient economy, Agricultural production, Land tenure system, Food production. KEYWORDS: cropping system; food self-sufficiency. Describes food cropping systems as used in a Côte d'Ivoire village. Discusses ways of combining food crops and tree crops. Presents a typology of food cropping systems. Analyzes the economic function of the main food crops and the influence of farming constraints and landownership on food crops. 4864 Bigot, Yves. "La Culture attelée et ses limites dans l'évolution des systèmes de production en zone de Savanes de Côte d'Ivoire." CIRES: Cahiers ivoiriens de recherche économique et sociale 30 (September 1981): 9-29. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Livestock production, Peasant society, Agricultural production, Agricultural development. KEYWORDS: animal traction; beef. 4865 Campbell, Bonnie K. "Inside the miracle: Cotton in the Ivory Coast." In: The Politics of Agriculture in Tropical Africa, edited by Jonathan Barker. Beverly Hills, California: Sage, 1984. 143-171 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Cash crop production, Commercial agriculture, Household economy, Labor force, State intervention, Women's economic role, Food production. KEYWORDS: CFDT (Compagnie Française pour le Développement des Fibres Textiles); Opération Riz-Coton 1972; Five-Year Development Project for the Cotton Regions 1975-1980; collective labor; CIDT (Compagnie Ivoirienne

322

• COTE D ' I V O I R E / A g r i c u l t u r e

pour le Développement des Textiles). 4866 Centre International pour l'Elevage en Afrique. Index des documents microfichés par l'équipe CIPEA/CRD1 en Côte d'Ivoire. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: CIPEA, Service de la Documentation, 1984. 32 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Livestock production, Agricultural production, Agricultural marketing, Commercial agriculture, Bibliography. KEYWORDS: milk. 4867 Chaleard, Jean-Louis. "La Place des cultures vivrières dans les systèmes de production en agriculture de plantation: le cas du département d'Agboville (Côte d'Ivoire)." Cahiers des sciences humaines 24, no. 1 (1988): 35-49. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Plantation economy, Commercial agriculture, Food production, Land-use policy, Forestry industry. KEYWORDS: Agboville Province, Côte d'Ivoire. Examines food production in a timber-exporting region of the Côte d'Ivoire and the way farmers produce around the edges of commercial land. Argues that lack of land forces farmers to intensify production with sometimes hazardous results. 4868 Chaleard, Jean-Louis. "Les Agriculteurs face au ravitaillement urbain en région de plantations: l'exemple du département d'Agboville." In: Nourrir les villes en Afrique sub-saharienne, edited by N. Bricas, G. Courade, J. Coussy, and Ph. Hugon. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1985. 113-121 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Food production, Rural-urban relations, Commercial agriculture, Agricultural economics, Plantation economy. KEYWORDS: Agboville Province, Côte d'Ivoire; rice; cocoa. 4869 Chaleard, Jean-Louis. "Occupation du sol et dynamique spatiale des grandes plantations modernes dans le département d'Agboville (Côte d'Ivoire)." In: Le Développement rural en questions: paysages, espaces ruraux, systèmes agraires, edited by Chantai Blanc-Pamard. Paris: ORSTOM, 1984. 323-352 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Commercial agriculture, Plantation economy, Land-use policy. KEYWORDS: Agboville Province, Côte d'Ivoire; bananas; spatial analysis. 4870 Chaléard, Jean-Louis. "Le Manioc, la ville et le paysan. Approvisionnement urbain et mutations rurales dans la région de Bouaké (Côte d'Ivoire)." Cahiers des sciences humaines 24, no. 3 (1988): 333-348. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Rural-urban relations, Agricultural marketing, Food production. KEYWORDS: manioc; Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire. Examines urban demands for manioc and the agricultural production response of the countryside around Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire. Examines how farmers increased production to meet new demands and how manioc was brought to market. 4871 Chauveau, J. P., J. P. Dozon, and J. Richard. "Histoires de riz, histoires d'igname: le cas de la moyenne Côte d'Ivoire." Africa: Journal of the International African Institute/Revue de l'institut africain international 51, no. 2 (1981): 621-658. SUBJECTS: Food production, Agricultural production, Agricultural development, Peasant economy, Subsistence farming. KEYWORDS: rice; Baule people; yams. 4872 Chauveau, Jean-Pierre, and Jacques Richard. Bodiba en Côte d'Ivoire: du terroir à l'état: petite production paysanne et salariat agricole dans un village Gban. Paris: ORSTOM, 1983.119 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Farming system, Plantation economy, Colonialism, Agricultural development, Agricultural policy, Wage policy, Rural population. KEYWORDS: Gban region, Côte d'Ivoire; Bodiba village, Côte d'Ivoire. 4873 Daddieh, Cyril Koffie. "Food and agricultural strategies and popular responses in Cote d'Ivoire." In: Coping with Africa's Food

Crisis, edited by Naomi Chazan and Timothy M. Shaw. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1988. 119-143 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Food production, Agricultural production, Food scarcity, Price policy, Cash crop production. KEYWORDS: SODERIZ (Société pour le Développement de la Riziculture); State Company for Rice Development; Commerical Office for Agricultural Products. Follows the history of the development of certain crops in order to enhance understanding of the politics of food in Côte d'Ivoire. Sketches outlines of agricultural strategy, its impact on rural economies, and some of the responses to the perceived outcomes of the strategy. 4874 David, Philippe. La Côte d'Ivoire. Paris: Karthala, 1986. 223 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Cash crop production, Agricultural production, Urbanization. KEYWORDS: Houphouet-Boigny, Felix; Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. A general work on the Côte d'Ivoire, including a discussion of the philosophy of Felix Houphouet-Boigny. Examines the Côte d'Ivoire's agricultural development and policies and its society and culture. 4875 Dian, Boni. Economie de plantation forestière en Côte d'Ivoire. Dakar, Senegal: Nouvelles Editions Africaines, 1984. 458 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Commercial agriculture, Economic development, Agricultural production, Food production, Plantation economy. KEYWORDS: coffee; plantation agriculture. 4876 Frélastre, Georges. "En Côte d'Ivoire: prudente mise en oeuvre de la nouvelle politique de développement rural intégré." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 213/214 (1983): 52-62. SUBJECTS: Integrated rural development, Food production, Agricultural development, Self-sufficient economy. KEYWORDS: SDR (Sociétés de Développement Régional). 4877 Gastellu, J. M., and S. Affou Yapi. "Un Mythe à décomposer: la 'bourgeoisie de planteurs. "' In: Etat et bourgeoisie en Côte d'Ivoire, edited by Y. A Fauré and J. F. Medard. Paris: Karthala, 1982.149-179 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Bourgeoisie, Traditional authority, Plantation economy. KEYWORDS: Ketté, Côte d'Ivoire; Moronou Region, Côte d'Ivoire. 4878 Gbetibouo, Mathurin, and Christopher L. Delgado. "Lessons and constraints of export crop-led growth: Cocoa in Ivory Coast." In: The Political Economy of Ivory Coast, edited by I. William Zartman and Christopher Delgado. New York: Praeger, 1984. 115-147 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Export economy, Agricultural development, Cash crop production, Development planning, Marketing boards, Stateowned enterprise. KEYWORDS: cocoa. 4879 Germain, Nicolas, and Jean-Christophe Poussin. "Les Exploitations de moyenne Côte d'Ivoire utilisant la motorisation intermédiaire: point de vue d'agronomes." Cahiers des sciences humaines 23, no. 3/4 (1987): 555-566. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Farming system, Agricultural development, Agricultural production. KEYWORDS: agricultural mechanization; agricultural technical management; agricultural innovation. States that the adoption of agricultural innovations disturbs the management of farmers' cropping systems. Outlines the diversity of farmers' use of intermediate mechanization within Côte d'Ivoire. Explains how a farm is organized and how it works during a crop year to give an understanding of farmers' difficulties. 4880 Groff, David H. "When the knees began wearing the hat: Commercial agriculture and social transformation in Assikasso, the Ivory Coast 1880-1940." In: The African Bourgeoisie: Capitalist Development in Nigeria, Kenya, and the Ivory Coast, edited by Paul M. Lubeck. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1987. 97-135 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Commercial agriculture, Social change, Capitalist

COTE D ' I VOI RE/Agri cul t u r e • 3 2 3 development, Agricultural production, International market. KEYWORDS: agrarian capitalism; Assikasso, Côte d'Ivoire. Analyzes the origins and class character of Ivorian commercial farmers, who are the principal stimulators of economic growth. 4881 Hecht, Robert. "Immigration, land transfer and tenure changes in Divo, Ivory Coast, 1940-80." Africa: Journal of the International African Institute/Revue de l'institut africain international 55, no. 3 (1985): 303-322. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Migration, Land tenure system, Agrarian economy. KEYWORDS: land acquisition; Divo, Côte d'Ivoire; immigration. 4882 Humphreys, Charles P. "Rice production in the Ivory Coast." In: Rice in West Africa: Policy and Economics, edited by Scott R. Pearson et al. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1981. 61-105 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Price policy, Agricultural policy, Agricultural production. KEYWORDS: rice. 4883 Kouame, Koli Luc. "Problèmes fonciers et développement rural en Côte d'Ivoire: l'exemple du centre Bandama." CIRES: Cahiers ivoiriens de recherche économique et sociale 28/29 (March/June 1981): 37-48. tables. SUBJECTS: Peasant society, Agricultural development, Rural development, Agricultural production, Land tenure system. KEYWORDS: AVB (Autorité pour l'Aménagement de la Vallée du Bandama). 4884 Le Roy, Xavier. L'Introduction des cultures de rapport dans l'agriculture vivrière Senoufou: le cas de Karakpo. Paris: ORSTOM, 1983. 208 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Regional development, Socioeconomic analysis, Agrarian reform. KEYWORDS: Senufo people; Karakpo region. 4885 Lee, Eddy. "Export-led rural development: The Ivory Coast." In: Agrarian Policies and Rural Poverty in Africa, edited by Dharam Ghai and Samir Radwan. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1983. 99-128 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Export economy, Land distribution, Economic growth rate, Income distribution, Agricultural policy, Food production, Rural poverty. KEYWORDS: cocoa; coffee. 4886 Lesourd, Michel. "La Forêt, la machette et le billet de banque: problématique du colonat agricole en région d'économie de plantation: l'exemple du système de production baule (Côte d'Ivoire forestière)." Cahiers des sciences humaines 24, no. 1 (1988): 73-97. tables. SUBJECTS: Fanning system, Food production, Smallholder agriculture, Land-use policy, Plantation economy. KEYWORDS: Baule people. Describes the efficient farming system of the Baule people in the rain forest regions of Côte d'Ivoire. Examines their land reclamation techniques, their mix of food and cash crop production, and their small-scale approach. 4887 Lesourd, Michel. "Mise en valeur agricole et organisation de l'espace en zone pionnière: les Baoulé dans le sud-ouest de la Côte d'Ivoire." In: Le développement rural en questions:paysages, espaces ruraux, systèmes agraires, edited by Chantal Blanc-Pamard. Paris: ORSTOM, 1984. 353-380 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Forestry industry, Smallholder agriculture, Land tenure system, Socioeconomic analysis. KEYWORDS : Baoulé people; cocoa; spatial analysis; southwestern Côte d'Ivoire. 4888 Marie, Manso M. Eyi J. "Le Mouvement coopératif ivoirien regard sur la commune d'Agboville: synthèse de l'histoire de la coopération eburnéenne en agriculture de la colonisation à l'indépendance." CIRES: Cahiers ivoiriens de recherche économique et sociale 28/29 (March/June 1981): 147-177. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Economic development, Agricultural cooperatives, Decolonization. KEYWORDS: Agboville Province, Côte d'Ivoire.

4889 Mytelka, Lynn Krieger. "Foreign business and economic development." In: The Political Economy of Ivory Coast, edited by I. William Zartman and Christopher Delgado. New York: Praeger, 1984. 149-173 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Cash crop production, Foreign investment, Agricultural development, Transnational corporations. KEYWORDS: PDCI; agrarian capitalism. 4890 Peltre-Wurtz, Jacqueline. "Gérer son terroir: adaptation paysanne d'un projet de développement (nord-ouest de la Côte d'Ivoire)." In: Le Développement rural en questions: paysages, espaces ruraux, systèmes agraires, edited by Chantai Blanc-Pamard. Paris: ORSTOM, 1984. 295-312 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Commercial agriculture, Food production, Peasant society. KEYWORDS: Syonfan region, Côte d'Ivoire; Senufo people; cotton; CIDT (Compagnie Ivoirienne pour le Développement des Textiles); northwestern Côte d'Ivoire. 4891 Requier-Desjardins, Denis. L'Alimentation en Afrique: manger ce qu'on peut produire; l'exemple de la consommation alimentaire en Côte d'Ivoire. Paris: Karthala, 1989. 169 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Food policy, Food scarcity, Policy a n a l y s i s , E c o n o m i c a n a l y s i s , A n t h r o p o l o g i c a l analysis. KEYWORDS: Amin, Samir; Dumont, Réné; Berg, Elliot J. Explores the socioeconomic reasons for food scarcity in Côte d'Ivoire. Analyzes and criticizes the diverse economic theories that were the foundations of the postindependence economic and agricultural development programs. Examines the case of food production and self-sufficiency policy. 4892 Roch, Jean. "Le Rôle des importations dans la consommation alimentaire en Côte d'Ivoire." Cahiers des sciences humaines 24, no. 4 (1988): 521-535. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Consumption pattern, Food policy, Import policy. KEYWORDS: rice; food imports. Examines the role of food in the import policy of Côte d'Ivoire. Analyzes the impact of the main foodstuffs and their contribution to the local market. Presents trade figures for food from the government. 4893 Traoré, Aly. "Ivory Coast: Agricultural and industrial development." In: African Agriculture: The Critical Choices, edited by Hamid Ait Amara and Bernard Founou-Tchuigoua. Toyko, Japan: UN University Press, 1990. 121-137 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Industrial development, Capitalist development, Commercial agriculture. Analyzes the role of agriculture in Ivorian industrial development and the importance of its good relationship to the success of the country's development model, which seeks to establish a popular capitalism. Addresses food and export agriculture, as well as industrialization strategies. 4894 Weekes-Vagliani, Winifred. Actors and Institutions in the Food Chain: The Case of the Ivory Coast. Paris: OECD, 1985. 74 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Cash crop production, Food production, Agricultural development, Migration pattern. KEYWORDS: SODERIZ (Société pour le Développement de la Riziculture). 4895 Wiersum, K. F. "Smallholder plantation agriculture of immigrant Baoulé farmers in Southwestern Ivory Coast." In: Changes in Shifting Cultivation in Africa: Seven Case Studies, edited by the FAO Forestry Department. Rome, Italy: FAO, 1985. 83-108 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Smallholder agriculture, Ecological analysis, Agricultural development. KEYWORDS: Baoulé people. 4896 Yabile, Kinimo Rene. "Provision of liquidity management: An incentive to curb default in the Ivory Coast's agricultural credit programs." Savings and Development 11, no. 4 (1987): 403-422. tables. SUBJECTS: Management, Agricultural policy, Credit policy, Smallholder agriculture, Capital accumulation. Explores default behavior among Ivorian farmers. Examines a

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survey of twenty-four districts to see what correlates with high default rates. Concludes that consumption needs are just as important as production needs and that loans disbursed in kind should be complemented with cash loans. 4897 Yapi, S. Affou. "La Réalite du salariat dans les plantations villageoises du sud-est ivoirien." Politique africaine no. 24 (December 1986): 41-52. SUBJECTS: Income inequality, Agricultural development, Plantation economy, Labor force, Agricultural labor. KEYWORDS: coffee; cocoa; southeast Côte d'Ivoire. Discusses the Côte d'Ivoire' s labor-intensive agricultural system, which focuses on coffee and cocoa. Assesses the composition of the agricultural labor force and the relationship between the laborers and the landowners in the southeast of the Côte d'Ivoire. SEE ALSO 99, 4357, 5732, 6904, 8244, 8313, 8314, 14946, 14954, 14955,14968.

Class

4903 Gouffern, L. "Les limites d'un modèle?" Politique africaine 2, no. 6 (May 1982): 19-34. tables. SUBJECTS: Entrepreneurship, Class analysis, Political elite. 4904 N'Zembele, Luftatchy. "Côte d'Ivoire: l'envers du 'miracle.'" Peuples noirs:peuples africains 7, no. 38 (March/April 1984): 69-87. SUBJECTS: Elite analysis, Bourgeoisie, Economic development, Political independence. KEYWORDS: agrarian bourgeoisie; Houphouet-Boigny, Felix.

Colonialism

4905 Person, Yves. "Colonisation et décolonisation en Côte d'Ivoire." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 188/189 (1981): 15-30. SUBJECTS: International relations, Colonialism, Neocolonialism, Political violence, Class analysis, Ruling class. KEYWORDS: Francophone Africa; PDCI; Parti Communiste Français. SEE ALSO 365.

4898 Anyang'Nyong'o, Peter. "The development of agrarian capitalist classes in the Ivory Coast, 1945-1975." In: The African Bourgeoisie: Capitalist Development inNigeria, Kenya, and the Ivory Coast, edited by Paul M. Lübeck. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1987. 185-245 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Bourgeoisie, Export policy, Resource distribution, Peasant economy, Cash crop production, Class struggle, Capitalist development. KEYWORDS: coffee; state capitalism; SERIC (Société d'Etudes et de Réalisations pour l'Industrialisation Caféière et Cacoyre); agrarian capitalism. Analyzes how the indigenous bourgeoisie secured labor from the north for its coffee production. Stresses the role of the Ivorian state in structuring commodity production for the world market through credit schemes, labor recruitment, and technical services. Discusses peasant differentiation due to declining fertility brought on by overcultivation of export crops. 4899 de Miras, Claude. "De la bourgeoisie d'état à l'avènement d'un milieu d'entrepreneurs ivoiriens?" In: Actes du Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique: XIX et XX siècles, volume 2, edited by Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique, XIX et XX siècles. Paris: France, 1983. 193-211 pp. SUBJECTS: Capitalist class, Bourgeoisie, Entrepreneurship, State power. KEYWORDS: clientelism. 4900 Fauré, Y. A., and J. F. Medard. "Classe dominante ou classe dirigeante." In: Etat et bourgeoisie en Côte d'Ivoire, edited by Y. A. Fauré and J. F. Medard. Paris: Karthala, 1982. 125-147 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Export economy, Ruling class, Class analysis, Plantation economy, Cash crop production. KEYWORDS: Houphouet-Boigny, Felix; PDCI; chieftaincy. 4901 Fauré, Y. A., and J. F. Medard, eds. Etat et bourgeoisie en Côte d'Ivoire. Paris: Karthala, 1982. 273 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic policy, Political economy studies, Ruling class, Bourgeoisie, Plantation economy, Entrepreneurship, Peasant class. 4902 Gastellu, Jean-Marc. Riches paysans de Côte-d'Ivoire. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1989. 178 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Class analysis, Peasant class, Socioeconomic analysis. KEYWORDS: Agni people; cocoa; coffee; southeast Côte d'Ivoire. Assesses the role and economic status of the rich peasant class of southeast Côte d'Ivoire, owners of plantations of cocoa or coffee or both. Examines the historical origins of such a class as well as the socioeconomic impacts of its economic role within the overall economic system of the country.

Economics

4906 Anyang'Nyong'o, P. "Liberal models of capitalist development in Africa: Ivory Coast." In: Technologie et industrialisation en Afrique/Technology and industrialization in Africa, edited by F. Yachir. Dakar, Senegal: CODESRIA, 1981.107-127 pp. SUBJECTS: Capitalist development, Market economy, Economic dependency, Capital accumulation, Commercial sector. KEYWORDS: modes of production; accumulation. 4907 Bonjean, Catherine. "Elasticité-prix de l'offre des cultures d'exportation en Afrique: quelques résultats empiriques." Revue canadienne d'études de développement/Canadian Journal of Development Studies II, no. 2 (1990): 279-295. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Kenya, Madagascar. SUBJECTS: Price policy, Agricultural production, Economic policy, Export policy. Analyzes the weight of each of the individual factors in an explanation for the African agricultural crisis. Proposes an empirical test of the relative importance of prices and other factors concerning production for Côte d'Ivoire, Madagascar, and Kenya. 4908 Budoc, Remy-Louis. Les PME-PMI et le sous-développement: problèmes structurels et stratégies financières possibles en Afrique : le cas de la Côte d'Ivoire. Paris: Publisud, 1987. 217 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Banking, Bourgeoisie, Small business, Self-sufficient economy, Banking policy. KEYWORDS: small-scale industry; PME (Petites et Moyennes Entreprises); PMI (Petites et Moyennes Industrielles). Examines the role that small-scale businesses and industry play in the economic development of the Côte d'Ivoire and the socioeconomic role of these enterprises. Addresses problems of available capital and proposes an African strategy. Examines the role that the central state should play. 4909 Calamanti, Andrea. The Securities Market and Underdevelopment: The Stock Exchange in the Ivory Coast, Morocco, Tunisia. Milan, Italy: Giuffrè, 1983. 221 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Morocco, Tunisia. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Underdevelopment, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: stock market;

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securities markets. 4910 Campbell, Bonnie. "The fiscal crisis of the state: The case of the Ivory Coast." In: Contradictions of Accumulation in Africa: Studies in Economy and State, edited by Henry Bernstein and Bonnie Campbell. Beverly Hills, California: Sage, 1985. 267-310 pp. SUBJECTS: Fiscal policy, Economic crisis, Development financing, Monetary policy, Export policy. 4911 Campbell, Bonnie. 'The state and capitalist development in the Ivory Coast." In: The African Bourgeoisie: Capitalist Development in Nigeria, Kenya, and the Ivory Coast, edited by Paul M. Lubeck. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1987. 281-303 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Capitalist development, Capital accumulation, Foreign investment, Bourgeoisie, State intervention. KEYWORDS: Côte d'Ivoire Five Year Plan 1976-1980; Société Nationale de Financement; SAA (Syndicat Agricole Africain). Analyzes the role of the state in Ivorian capitalist development. Shows that Côte d'lvoire's program is limited to clients of the ruling political elite. Concludes that failure arises from the necessity to maintain the confidence of foreign investors upon whom the model of accumulation depends. 4912 Campbell, Bonnie K. "Etat et développement du capitalisme en Côte-d'Ivoire." In: Actes du Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique: XIX et XX siècles, volume 2, edited by Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique, XIX et XX siècles. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1983.301-314pp. SUBJECTS: Capitalist development, State power, Capital accumulation. KEYWORDS: commercial organization. 4913 Courade, Georges, Isabelle Droy, and Dominique Harre. "Côte d'Ivoire: le système alimentaire dans la crise." Afrique contemporaine 150, no. 2 (1989): 31-48. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Socioeconomic analysis, Food production, Structural adjustment, Price policy. Questions whether Ivorian consumers have changed their eating habits. Claims the price system has disadvantaged the local food crop production in favor of rice imports. Questions whether another pricing policy is possible during a period of structural adjustment and in a depressed world cacao market. 4914 Crook, Richard C. "Patrimonialism, administrative effectiveness and economic development in Côte d'Ivoire." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 88, no. 351 (April 1989): 205228. SUBJECTS: Administration, Economic development, Public sector, State-owned enterprise, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: patrimonial system. Examines the Ivorian administrative success and attributes it to the government's ability to implement policy. Describes state capacity and efficiency as particular to the Côte d'Ivoire and assesses why this is the case. Claims that the government's patronage system is conducive to organizational performance. 4915 Crook, Richard C. "Politics, the cocoa crisis, and administration in Côte d'Ivoire." The Journal of Modern African Studies 28, no. 4 (December 1990): 649-669. SUBJECTS: Debt crisis, Economic crisis, Structural adjustment, Political stability. KEYWORDS: cocoa; Côte d'Ivoire Structural Adjustment Program; PDCI; CSPPA (Caisse de Stabilisation des Prix des Produits Agricoles); SATMACI (Société d'assistance technique pour la modernisation agricole. Examines the effects of the decline in cocoa prices and the resulting structural adjustment program on Côte d'lvoire's political stability. Argues that the government's relations with the middle classes, which have been seriously affected by the program, pose the greatest threat to the country. 4916 Crook, Richard C. "State capacity and economic development:

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The case of Côte d'Ivoire." Institute of Development Studies Bulletin 19, no. 2 (April 1988): 19-25. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Government economic management, Public administration. KEYWORDS: patrimonial system. Considers explanations for Côte d'lvoire's political stability and economic success, especially its state capacity and effectiveness. Focuses on African administrations' power, status, relationships, and internal operations. Explores the coexistence of patriomonialism and effectiveness. 4917 de Miras, C. "L'Entrepreneur ivoirien ou une bourgeoisie privée de son état." In: Etat et bourgeoisie en Côte d'Ivoire, edited by Y. A. Fauré and J. F. Medard. Paris: Karthala, 1982. 181-229 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Entrepreneurship, Private sector, Capital formation, Private investment, Capital accumulation. 4918 de Miras, Claude. "Secteur de subsistence et salariat dans les ménages: l'origine des revenus domestiques dans un quartier spontané d'Abidjan." Cahiers des sciences humaines 19, no. 4 (1983): 429-448. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Wage policy, Subsistence economy, Women's studies, Women's economic role, Household economy. KEYWORDS: Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire; handicrafts. 4919 Dje-Bi-Dje, Christiane. "Les Attributions juridictionnelles de la Chambre des Comptes de la Cour Suprême de Côte d'Ivoire." In: Les Cours Suprêmes en Afrique: II, la jurisprudence: droit constitutionnel, droit social, droit international, droitfinancier, edited by Gérard Conac. Paris: Economica, 1988. 205-236 pp. SUBJECTS: Finance policy, Legal system, Management, Budget policy. KEYWORDS: Chambre des Comptes de la Cour Suprême. Examines the system of budgetary regulation in Côte d'Ivoire. Includes an in-depth analysis of the institutional Chambre des Comptes de la Cour Suprême, which reinforces administrative control over financial matters. 4920 Drabo, Yaya Karim. "Côte d'Ivoire: ni mirage, ni miracle, ni modèle? A propos de l'ouvrage Etat et bourgeoisie en Côte d'Ivoire." Peuples noirs; peuples africains 7, no. 39 (May/June 1984): 45-74. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Political development, State intervention, Political economy studies, Economic dependency, Political stability, International relations. KEYWORDS: Fauré, Y. A.; Medard, J. F. 4921 Duruflé, Gilles. "Structural disequilibria and adjustment policies in the Ivory Coast." In: Structural Adjustment in Africa, edited by Bonnie K. Campbell and John Loxley. Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan, 1989. 132-168 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Crisis management, Economic crisis, International economic system, Economic analysis, Balance of payments. Explores the reasons for and causes of the severe economic crisis in Côte d'Ivoire since 1980. Looks at the economic disequilibria of the Ivorian model as rooted in a macroeconomic turbulence that is embedded in a certain number of long tendencies that constitute the counterpart of the model of growth and redistribution of the country's economy from 1960 to 1980. 4922 Fauré, Y. A. "Le Complexe économique." In: Etat et bourgeoisie en Côte d'Ivoire, edited by Y. A. Fauré and J. F. Medard. Paris: Karthala, 1982. 21-60 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Market economy, Development planning, Agricultural production, Foreign investment, Cash crop production, Political economy studies. KEYWORDS: Houphouet-Boigny, Felix; PDCI. 4923 Fauré, Y. A. "Le Complexe politico-économique." In: Etat et bourgeoisie en Côte d'Ivoire, edited by Y. A. Fauré and J. F. Medard. Paris: Karthala, 1982. 21-60 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic dependency, Foreign investment, Export

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policy. KEYWORDS: Houphouet-Boigny, Felix; PDCI. 4924 Fauré, Yves A. "Côte d'Ivoire: Analyzing the crisis." In: Contemporary West African States, edited by Donal B. Cruise O'Brien, John Dunn, and Richard Rathbone. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1989. 59-73 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic crisis, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: patrimonial system. Reviews the modalities and components of the Cote d'lvoire's economic crisis and examines various explanations that have been advanced for it. Clarifies the crisis through a look at the evolution of the Côte d'lvoire's patrimonial system. 4925 Foirry, Jean-Pierre. "L'Evolution conjoncturelle de la Côte d'Ivoire en 1960 à 1985: quelques facteurs explicatifs de la crise actuelle." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 243/244 (1986): 70-80. tables. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Market economy, Centrally planned economy, Economic crisis, Economic growth rate. KEYWORDS: IMF; economic stabilization. Traces economic trends in Côte d'Ivoire from 1960 to the mid1980s. Assesses the nation's stabilization and structural adjustment programs. Concludes that Côte d'Ivoire enjoyed high economic growth until 1977 with a policy of planned liberalism but fell into economic crisis during the late 1970s and early 1980s. 4926 Foirry, Jean-Pieire. Planification et politique économique en Côte d'Ivoire. Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: CEDA, 1986. 272 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Development planning, Agricultural production, National development, Political economy studies. Analyzes the Côte d'lvoire's economic development policies. Examines the process by which the government has laid out its five-year development plans and assesses the plans' impact on the economy. Examines the economic problems hindering efforts to encourage economic development through parastatal corporations and local investment. 4927 Glasman, Monique. "Analyse de la loi de finances de la Côte d'Ivoire pour 1983." Afrique contemporaine 127 (July/September 1983): 19-27. tables. SUBJECTS: Budget policy, International finance, Economic planning, Banking, Legal system. KEYWORDS: Côte d'Ivoire finance law 1983. 4928 Glasman, Monique. "La Côte d'Ivoire dans l'attente de la manne pétrolière." Présence africaine 119 (1981): 143-151. SUBJECTS: Capitalist development, Oil industry, Economic development policy, Agricultural production. KEYWORDS: Houphouet-Boigny, Felix. 4929 Hecht, Robert. "Ivory Coast economic 'miracle' : What benefits for peasant farmers." The Journal of Modern African Studies 21, no. 1 (March 1983): 25-53. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic growth policy, Agricultural policy, Government economic management, Rural development, Elite analysis, Export economy, Smallholder agriculture. 4930 Hiey, Jacques Pegatienan. "Le Mode d'utilisation des facteurs de production dans l'industrie manufacturière ivoirienne." In: Development Planning Priorities and Strategies in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), edited by Roland Ubogu, George Adamu, and T. A. C. Gogue. Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann, 1983. 259-300 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Industrial production, Wage policy, Capitalist economy, Labor force, Technological development, Income distribution. KEYWORDS: labor-capital relations. 4931 INADES. Le problème de la dette en Afrique sub-saharienne et le cas de la Côte d'Ivoire: bibliographie commentée. Abidjan, Côte

d'Ivoire: INADES, 1987. 68 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: West Africa, Africa. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Economic development, Foreign investment, Foreign aid, Debt crisis. KEYWORDS: IMF; World Bank. An annotated bibliography of works pertaining to economic development and debt both within the Côte d'Ivoire and throughout sub-Saharan Africa. Includes works exposing the problem of debt, the history of debt in Africa, and possible solutions to the debt crisis. Includes citations with abstracts. 4932 International Labour Organisation and PECTA (Programme des Emplois et des Compétences Techniques pour l'Afrique). Disparités de revenu entre les villes et les campagnes en Côte d'Ivoire. Rapport soumis au gouvernement de la République de Côte d'Ivoire par une mission technique comparative du PECTA. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: International Labour Organisation, 1982. 59 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Income distribution, Economic development, Economic policy, Rural-urban relations. KEYWORDS: regional inequality; urban bias. 4933 Jarret, Marie France, and François Régis Mahieu. "Structural adjustment, growth and distribution: The case of the Ivory Coast." African Environment 25/28 (1990): 107-133. tables. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Economic analysis, Development theory, Resource distribution. KEYWORDS: World Bank. Analyzes Côte d'lvoire's adjustment programs and their effects in terms of both economic growth and social distribution. Questions the World Bank model, which posits the country's crisis as the result of internal causes. Uses economic simulation models to show that adjustment will change nothing. 4934 Jimenez, S. "Les Investissements publics à Abidjan: les transports en commun, la SOTRA, 1960-1980." In: Les Investissements publics dans les villes africaines (1930-1985): habitat et transports, edited by Sophie Dulucq and Odile Goerg. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1989. 160-171 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Transportation system, Public investment, Mixed economy, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: SOTRA (Société des Transports Abidjanais). Discusses the history and development of urban transportation systems in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. Examines the organization and financial growth of the mixed-economic-system transportation companies. 4935 Kanbur, Ravi. Poverty and the Social Dimensions of Structural Adjustment in Côte d'Ivoire. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1990. 52 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Poverty, Economic development, Socioeconomic analysis. KEYWORDS: World Bank; rice; cotton; cocoa; coffee. Part of the working paper series "Social Dimensions of Adjustment in Sub-Saharan Africa" sponsored by the World Bank. Assesses the alleviation of poverty in Côte d'Ivoire through World Bank programs. 4936 Kouadio, François. "L'Avenir du système bancaire ivoirien au sein de l'union monétaire ouest africaine (UMOA)." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 239/240 (1985): 97-105. tables. ALSO COVERS: West Africa. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Banking policy, Regional integration. KEYWORDS: UMOA; PDCO; BCEAO (Banque Centrale des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest); Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire. 4937 Kouadio, Lambert. "L'Endettement extérieur de la Côte d'Ivoire et l'échec d'un modèle de développement économique." Peuples noirs ; peuples africains 8, no. 41/42 (September/December 1984): 30-45. tables. SUBJECTS: Debt crisis, Development theory, Income inequality, Economic growth rate, Private investment, Public investment, Balance of payments. KEYWORDS: PDCI; balance of trade.

COTE D ' I V O I R E / E c o n o m i c s

4938 Kouadio-Koffi, Didier. La Création d'entreprises privées par les nationaux en Côte d'Ivoire depuis 1960. Abidjan, Nigeria: CEDA, 1983. 167 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Private sector, Industrial development, Credit policy, Banking, Public sector, Small business. KEYWORDS: traditional industry; artisans. 4939 Koumoue, Koffi Moise. La Taxe sur la valeur ajoutée dans le développement économique de la Côte d'Ivoire. Paris: Librarie Générale de Droit et de Jurisprudence, 1981. 320 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Fiscal policy, Political economy s t u d i e s , I n d u s t r i a l i z a t i o n , T a x a t i o n policy. K E Y W O R D S : Houphouet-Boigny, Felix; value-added tax. 4940 Lecallo, Denis. Les Entreprises publiques en Côte d'Ivoire. Paris: Ministère de la Coopérative et du Développement, 1982. 215 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Commercial agriculture, State-owned enterprise, Development planning. 4941 Marcussen, Henrik Secher. "The Ivory Coast facing the economic crisis." In: Recession in Africa, edited by Jerker Carlsson. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1983. 1 -27 pp. tables. SUBJECTS : Economic crisis, Capitalist development, Commercial agriculture, Industrialization, Social stratification, Capital accumulation. KEYWORDS: state extraction; palm oil. 4942 Michel, Gilles, and Michel Noel. "Ivorian economy and alternative trade regimes." In: The Political Economy ofIvory Coast, edited by I. William Zartman and Christopher Delgado. New York: Praeger, 1984. 77-114 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Cash crop production, Economic growth rate, Agricultural production, Economic development policy, State-owned enterprise. KEYWORDS: CFA monetary area; trade regimes. 4943 Ministère du Plan et de l'Industrie, Côte d'Ivoire. Plan quinquennal de développement économique, social et culturel, 1981 -1985. 3 vols. Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: CEDA, 1983. 847 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Human resources development, Economic growth policy, Finance policy, National planning policy, Public health, Small business. KEYWORDS: tourism; Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire; sports; computers; Côte d'Ivoire Development Plan 1981-1985. 4944 Moussa, Bamba. "Les Mesures de réajustement de l'économie ivoirienne face à la crise économique mondiale: leurs résultats et leurs implications." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 10, no. 1/2 (1985): 150-160. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Industrialization, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: IMF; World Bank. 4945 N'Guessan, Tchetche. "The socioeconomic impact of the World Bank and the African Development Bank on African countries: The case of the Ivory Coast." In: Brazil and the Ivory Coast: The Impact of International Lending, Investment, and Aid, edited by Werner Baer and John F. Due. Greenwich, Connecticut: JAI, 1987. 57-89 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Privatization, Debt crisis, International economic relations, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: ADB (African Development Bank); World Bank; sugar. Evaluates the impact of the World Bank on African countries in general and on the Côte d'Ivoire in particular. Argues that African countries have no influence on the World Bank, as opposed to the African Development Bank, whose activities reflect concern with regional integration. 4946 Penouil, Marc. "Dynamismes et facteurs de blocage dans le développement économique de la Côte d'Ivoire." Année africaine (1983): 229-248. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Development planning, Economic inequality, Uneven development. 4947 Perez de Arce, Diego. Facteurs d'inflation en Côte d'Ivoire et

•

327

en Haute Volta. Paris: Ministère des Relations Extérieures, 1983.155 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Burkina Faso. SUBJECTS: Inflation, Monetary policy, Export policy, Food production, Price policy, Wage policy, Agricultural policy. 4948 Priovolos, Theophilos. Coffee and the Ivory Coast: An Econometric Study. Lexington, Massachusetts: Lexington, 1982. 218 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Agricultural production, Industrial production, Fiscal policy, Public investment, Cash crop production. KEYWORDS: coffee. 4949 Ruf, François. "Le Déterminisme des prix sur les systèmes de production en économie de plantation ivoirienne." CIRES: Cahiers ivoiriens de recherche économique et sociale 28/29 (March/June 1981): 89-114. tables. SUBJECTS: Land-use policy, Plantation economy, Economic development, Price policy. KEYWORDS: coffee; cocoa; forests. 4950 Togba, Zogbelemou. "La Réforme de la TVA en Côte d'Ivoire (d'après l'ordonnance et la loi de ratification des 11 août et 18 décembre 1987)." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 42, no. 4 (October/December 1988): 907-921. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic crisis, Economic dependency, Taxation policy, Economic reform. Discusses the reforms of the TVA policy that had been in place since independence in the Côte d'Ivoire. Concludes that those reforms could fail due to the weakness of fiscal administration and poor management by entrepreneurs. 4951 Togba, Zogbelemou. "Les Conventions fiscales internationales conclues par la Côte d'Ivoire." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique no. 795 (October/December 1987): 397-426. SUBJECTS: Fiscal policy, International law, International economic relations, Taxation policy. KEYWORDS: CIBLE (Convention Fiscale IvoiroBelge); CIFRA (Convention Fiscale Ivoiro-Française). Examines the international fiscal agreements concluded between Côte d'Ivoire and other countries since 1960. Examines the application of such conventions, the enterprises benefiting from them, the taxation policy levied according to them, and their duration. 4952 Traoré, Aly. "Bilan et perspectives des développements agricole et industriel de la Côte d'Ivoire et de leurs rapports mutuels." In: L'Agriculture africaine en crise dans ses rapports avec l'état, l'industrialisation et la paysannerie, edited by Hamid Ait Amara and Bernard Founou Tchuigoua. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1989. 147-177 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Industrial development, Economic development, Economic analysis. Examines the relationship between agricultural and industrial development policies in Côte d'Ivoire. Assesses the role and influence of agriculture in industrial development in terms of local consumption and exportation. 4953 Vincent, Echimane Mozou, and Niamkey Amlan Madeleine. "Ajustement structurel et désengagement de l'état en Côte d'Ivoire." AfricaDevelopment!Afrique et développement 13, no. 4(1988): 45-73. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Economic recession, Debt crisis, Government economic management. KEYWORDS: IMF; Côte d'Ivoire Structural Adjustment Programme 1981-1983; Côte d'Ivoire Structural Adjustment Programme 1984-1985; Côte d'Ivoire Structural Adjustment Programme 1986-1988. Argues that structural adjustment results in falling standards of living, regression of economic activity, and huge debts because its theoretical underpinnings are false. Disagrees that state withdrawal, privatization, and free trade will eliminate Côte d'lvoire's disequilibrium. 4954 Yao, Y. Kouadio. "Socioeconomic impact of IMF stabilization programs: The case of the Ivory Coast." In: Brazil and the Ivory Coast:

328

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The Impact of International Lending, Investment, and Aid, edited by Wemer Baer and John F. Due. Greenwich, Connecticut: JAI, 1987. 165-183 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic policy, Balance of payments, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: IMF; economic stabilization. Provides an assessment of IMF policies applied in the Cote d'lvoire since 1981. Discusses macroeconomic developments from independence to 1980 and IMF stabilization policies. Puts forward an empirical evaluation of the impact of IMF policies on some economic aggregates.

Techniques pour l ' A f r i q u e ) ; CFA (Communauté Financière Africaine); OIT (Organisation Internationale du Travail).

4955 Zartman, I. William, and Christopher L. Delgado. "Introduction to The Political Economy of Ivory Coast: Stability, Growth and Challenge." In: The Political Economy of Ivory Coast, edited by I. William Zartman and Christopher Delgado. New York: Praeger, 1984. 1-20 pp. SUBJECTS: Political economy studies, One-party system, E c o n o m i c d e v e l o p m e n t , Political stability. K E Y W O R D S : Houphouet-Boigny, Felix; PDCI; CFA monetary area; ECOWAS.

4961 Moreau, R. "Effects of methods of deforestation and soil management on properties of some soils in Ivory Coast." In: Land Clearing and Development in the Tropics, edited by R. Lai, P. A. Sanchez, and R. W. Cummings, Jr. Rotterdam, Netherlands: A. A. Balkema, 1986. 247-264 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Environmental degradation, Ecological analysis, Farming system. KEYWORDS: deforestation; land clearing. Describes a series of experiments conducted in the Cote d'lvoire to monitor soil erosion under various land-clearing and cultivation methods. Describes the environmental and soil characteristics of the experimental site; lists the land-clearing treatments and crop rotations investigated.

SEE ALSO 464,480,525,536,678,5776, 5792,5800, 8516,12908, 15006,15013.

SEE ALSO 4329, 10747.

Environment

Education

SEE ALSO 8875.

4956 Dureau, Françoise, and Antoine Dubert. "L'Apprentissage en mutation: le cas des secteurs menuiserie et bâtiment en Côte d'Ivoire." Cahiers des sciences humaines 21, no. 2/3 (1985): 329-338. SUBJECTS: Informal sector, Technical training, Education policy, Construction industry. KEYWORDS: wood processing; apprenticeship; carpentry; vocational education.

Foreign Relations

4957 Le Pape, Marc. "Les statuts d'une génération: les déscolarises d'Abidjan entre 1976 et 1986." Politique africaine no. 24 (December 1986): 104-112. SUBJECTS: Education policy, Mass media, Education system, Gender relations, Youth issues. KEYWORDS: school leavers; Abidjan, Côte d'lvoire. Examines how the number of school leavers affects urban social forms, specifically regarding relationships between the sexes and between children and parents. Explores how the press represents social conditions and the government's options. 4958 Lenglet, Frans B. "Educational television in Ivory Coast." In: Mass Communication, Culture and Society in West Africa, edited by Frank Okwu Ugboajah. Oxford, UK: Hans Zell for the World Association for Christian Communication, 1985. 153-164 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Education policy, Mass media, Nonformal education, Adult education. KEYWORDS: ETV (Educational Television Programme); television; TPT (Tele Pour Tous). 4959 Mangoueyi, Manso. "L'Infrastructure des sciences sociales en Côte d'Ivoire." In: Sciences sociales en Afrique!Social Sciences in Africa, edited by Mbonigaba Mugaruka, Mutanda Ntumba, and Mugaruka Chibanguka. Kinshasa, Zaire: CERDAS, 1982. 65-76 pp. SUBJECTS: Infrastructure, Research and development, Education policy. KEYWORDS: social science discipline; education financing. 4960 Organisation Internationale du Travail. Le Syndrome du diplôme et le chômage des diplômés: le cas de la Côte d'Ivoire. Rapport d'une mission technique du PECTA soumis au Secrétariat Technique Permanent de la CONFEMEN. Vol. 2 of 5. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: International Labour Office, 1982. 127 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Higher education, Unemployment, Socioeconomic analysis, Education system, Demographic analysis. KEYWORDS: PECTA (Programme des Emplois et des Compétences

4962 A l i , Otrou. "Etat et capital étranger dans l'économie ivoirienne." In: Trade and Development in Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), edited by Adeyinka Orimalade and R. E. Ubogu. New Delhi, India: Vikas, 1984. 245-259 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Foreign capital, Foreign investment, Division of labor, Capitalism, Industrial development. KEYWORDS: modes of production. 4963 Alschuler, Lawrence R. Multinationals and Maldevelopment: Alternative Development Strategies in Argentina, the Ivory Coast and Korea. Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan, 1988. 218 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Transnational corporations, Development planning, Underdevelopment, Authoritarian government, Foreign investment, Economic inequality. KEYWORDS: Côte d'lvoire national development plans. States that multinational corporations have promoted maldevelopment throughout the Third World as dependence on multinationals continues to increase. Analyzes development strategies in Côte d'lvoire. Claims that growth in Côte d'lvoire has been at the expense of authoritarian growth and inequality. 4964 Baer, Werner, and John F. Due, eds. Brazil and the Ivory Coast: The Impact of International Lending,Investment, and Aid. Greenwich, Connecticut: JAI, 1987. 225 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign aid, Foreign investment, International economic system, Transnational corporations, Government borrowing. KEYWORDS: lending agencies; IMF; ADB (African Development Bank); World Bank; economic stabilization. Contains papers from a 1985 conference. Addresses the process and impact of official bilateral and multilateral resource transfers, the inflow and impact of private investments, and the impact of stabilization loans. 4965 Bamba, Moussa B. "The impact of the foreign private sector (including banks and multinationals) on the developing countries: A case study related to the Ivory Coast." In: Brazil and the Ivory Coast:

COTE D ' I V O I R E / G e n e r a l

The Impact of International Lending, Investment, and Aid, edited by Werner Baer and John F. Due. Greenwich, Connecticut: JAI, 1987. 127-135 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Transnational corporations, Private i n v e s t m e n t , Foreign capital, I n d u s t r i a l i z a t i o n , B a n k i n g . KEYWORDS: France-Côte d'Ivoire relations. Addresses the dominance of French capital in the Côte d'Ivoire around the time of independence, principally in the agriculture, timber, and banking sectors. Discusses industrialization based on a heavy reliance on foreign capital and how Côte d'Ivoire attracted foreign investors. 4966 Codo, Léon C. "La Normalisation Côte d'Ivoire-Israël: raisons de coeur et raisons d'état." Afrique contemporaine 153, no. 1 (1990): 42-60. SUBJECTS : Diplomatie relations, Foreign policy, International relations, Arab nations. KEYWORDS: Israel-Côte d'Ivoire relations. Analyzes the reestablishment of diplomatie relations between Côte d'Ivoire and Israel. Claims that diplomatie ties were established as a result of unsatisfactory Côte d'lvoire-Arab bloc relations and a part of a new autonomous logic. Emphasizes Côte d'lvoire's "crisis resolution diplomacy" as an aspect of the relationship. 4967 Valette, A. "Résultats et réflexions sur une étude empirique de l'industrialisation de la Côte d'Ivoire." In: Comprendre l'économie africaine, edited by Frédéric Gagey. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1985. 334348 pp. SUBJECTS: Industrial development, International economic relations, Transnational corporations, Foreign investment. SEE ALSO 1074, 1198, 15038.

General

4968 Armand-Lecaillon, Françoise. "Fonderies, forges et ferronniers du secteur artisanal à Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire)." In: Travaux de géographie urbaine: Zaïre, Côte d'Ivoire, Bénin, edited by P. Usselmann. Paris: Centre d'Etudes de Géographie Tropicale, 1987. 99-121 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Informal sector, Marketing. KEYWORDS: artisans; iron. Examines the iron-working and aluminum-smelting activities in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, as highly developed informal-sector processes. Claims that these processes are advancing to fully satisfy market demand. Demonstrates that artisans are capable of conceiving of work organization adapted to production requirements as a form of social security comparable to that of traditional mutual aid. 4969 Attahi, Koffi. "Côte d'Ivoire: An evaluation of urban management reforms." In: African Cities in Crisis: Managing Rapid Urban Growth, edited by Richard E. Stren and Rodney R. White. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1989. 112-146 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Reform, Urban population. KEYWORDS: Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. Analyzes the jurisdictions, management structures, and material, technical, and human resources of the Ivorian communes. Similarly analyzes the urban communities and presents a study of urban finances. Examines urban management reform. 4970 Baker, Chester B., and Bernadette Dia. "Default management in an agricultural lending program in Ivory Coast." Savings and Development 11, no. 2 (1987): 161-180. tables. SUBJECTS: Management, Agricultural policy, Credit policy. KEYWORDS: BNDA (Banque Nationale pour le Développement Agricole). States that the BNDA experiences very high default rates on its agricultural loans. Proposes that the rate can be reduced by increasing the interest rate, raising the default penalty, and expanding the loan limit by 30 percent. Argues that farmers would benefit from more cash

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loans instead of loans in kind. 4971 Bassett, Thomas J. "Food, cotton and peasantry in the Northern Ivory Coast." African Studies Association Papers 26, no. 18 (December 1983): 1-21. tables. SUBJECTS: Food production, Household analysis, Export policy, Income inequality, Division of labor, Peasant society, Industrialization. KEYWORDS: Senufo people; northern Côte d'Ivoire. 4972 Binet, Françoise. Bilan national de l'emploi en Côte d'Ivoire: analyse rétrospective. Paris: Ministère des Relations Extérieures, 1982. 298 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Rural development, Industrial development, Modernization, Labor force, Informal sector, Urbanization. KEYWORDS: Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. 4973 Blanc-Pamard, Chantai, and Pierre Peltre. "Dynamique des paysages préforestiers et pratiques culturales en Afrique de l'Ouest (Côte d'Ivoire)." In: Le Développement rural en questions: paysages, espaces ruraux, systèmes agraires, edited by Chantai Blanc-Pamard. Paris: ORSTOM, 1984. 55-74 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Research methodology, Ecological analysis. KEYWORDS: Baoulé region, Côte d'Ivoire; forests; Forest/Savanna Contact Programme; ORSTOM (Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique d'Outre-Mer); spatial analysis. 4974 Bléou, Djézou Martin. "La Chambre Administrative de la Cour Suprême de la Côte d'Ivoire." In: Les cours suprêmes en Afrique: III, la jurisprudence administrative, edited by Gérard Conac and Jean de Gaudusson. Paris: Economica, 1988.112-146 pp. SUBJECTS: Public administration, Legal system, Policy analysis. KEYWORDS: supreme court. Examines one of the four chambers of the Ivoirian supreme court: the Chambre Administrative. Analyzes the roles, authority, constraints, and jurisprudence of the judicial organ. Discusses the insufficiencies of the court. 4975 Bonnassieux, Alain. "Fragments d'une précarité: la difficile condition des immigrés voltaïques dans l'agglomération abidjanaise." Cahiers des sciences humaines 19, no. 4 (1983): 459-469. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Burkina Faso. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Refugee migration, Demographic analysis, Standard of living. KEYWORDS: Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. 4976 Bonnassieux, Alain. "Sawadogo à Vridi-Canal (Abidjan): la précarité à l'épreuve de la conjoncture." Politique africaine no. 24 (December 1986): 68-78. SUBJECTS: Rural-urban migration, Urban development. KEYWORDS: settlement pattern; Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire; Vridi, Abidjan. Addresses Vridi, one of the oldest illegal settlements in Abidjan, tracing the life of the Sawadogo family, which settled there in 1947, and the effects of the growth of this illegal settlement around them. 4977 Bredeloup, Sylvie. Négociants au long cours: rôle moteur du commerce dans une région de Côte d'Ivoire en déclin. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1989. 318 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Trade relations, Urban development, Demographic analysis, Commercial agriculture, Regional economics, Sociological analysis. KEYWORDS: Dimbokro region, Côte d'Ivoire; Akan people; Baoulé people; plantains; yams. Analyzes the economic decline of Dimbokro, a medium-sized city in southeastern Côte d'Ivoire, from the status of a once urban and viable trade center to that of a troubled economic city. Examines the role of trade relations as well as the sociological and historical factors underlying the socioeconomic changes in Dimbokro. 4978 Chappel, David A. "The nation as a frontier: Ethnicity and clientalism in Ivorian history." The International Journal of African

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Historical Studies 22, no. 4 (1989): 671-696. SUBJECTS: Ethnicity, Colonialism, National integration. KEYWORDS: SAA (Syndicat Agricole Africain); Houphouet-Boigny, Felix. Analyzes the politics of patronage that have been central to the maintenance of Ivorian leadership from the colonial period to the present. States that African culture was adapted to new circumstances but never completely destroyed by the colonial period. 4979 Colin, Jean-Phillippe, and Bruno Losch. '"Touche pas à mon planteur' : réflexions sur les 'encadrements' paysans à travers quelques exemples ivoiriens." Politique africaine no. 40 (December 1990): 83-99. SUBJECTS: Technical training, Peasant society, Agricultural production. KEYWORDS: CIDT (Compagnie Ivoirienne pour le Développement des Textiles) ; PALMINDUSTRIE (palm and coconut refiners); SAPH (Société Africaine des Plantations d'Hévéas); SODEFEL (Société pour le Développement de la Production des Fruits et Légumes). Assesses the distance and relationship of outsiders' performing the technical training of Ivoirian peasants. Examines four firms and their agricultural training policies and attitudes toward rural farmers. Analyzes farmers' subsequent autonomy once they have been trained. 4980 Daddieh, Cyril Kofie. "Ivory Coast." In: The Political Economy of African Foreign Policy: Comparative Analysis, edited by Timothy M. Shaw and Olajide Aluko. Aldershot, UK: Gower, 1984. 122-144 pp. SUBJECTS: Government analysis, Natural resource management, International relations, Capitalist economy. KEYWORDS: coreperiphery relations; France-Côte d'Ivoire relations; ECOWAS. 4981 Derive, J., and M. J. Derive. "Francophonie et pratique linguistique en Côte d'Ivoire." Politique africaine no. 23 (September 1986): 42-56. SUBJECTS: Sociological analysis, Language policy. KEYWORDS: Francophone Africa; UNESCO. Examines the sociological implications of French in the Côte d'Ivoire. Argues that a knowledge of French is essential to the development of the country, that French needs to be Africanized, and, finally, that only by the promotion of indigenous languages can the Côte d'Ivoire develop and grow significantly. 4982 Dick, Hermann, Sanjeev Gupta, Thomas Meyer, and David Vincent. "The short-run impact of fluctuating primary commodity prices on three developing economies: Colombia, Ivory Coast and Kenya." World Development 11, no. 5 (May 1983): 405-416. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Kenya. SUBJECTS: Cash crop production, Export economy, Economic analysis, Commodity production. 4983 Dozon, Jean-Pierre. "Epistémologie du fonder dans le cadre des économies de plantation ivoiriennes." In: Enjeux fonciers en Afrique noire, edited by E. Le Bris, E. Le Roy, and F. Leimdorfer. Paris: Karthala, 1982. 56-60 pp. SUBJECTS: Land-use policy, Traditional society, Colonialism, Plantation economy, Rural development. 4984 Dubresson, Alain. "Discours et pratiques de l'aménagement du territoire en Côte d'Ivoire: derrière la contradiction, l'état." In: L'Etat contemporain en Afrique, edited by Emmanuel Terray. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1987. 123-140 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: National planning policy, State power, Economic development. KEYWORDS: ARSO (Autorité pour l'Aménagement de la Région du Sud-Ouest); AVB (Autorité pour l'Aménagement de la Vallée du Bandama). Reviews the practice of state planning in Côte d'Ivoire. Presents a general progress report on the effectiveness of the state in the realm of economic and regional planning. 4985 Dubresson, Alain. "Régionalisation de l'industrie et croissance urbaine: le 'Mammouth' cotivo à Agboville (Côte d'Ivoire)." Cahiers des sciences humaines 18, no. 1 (1981/1982): 149-164. tables. SUBJECTS: Regional development, Industrial development, Urban growth. KEYWORDS: COTIVO (La Cotinnière Ivoirienne); cotton;

agricultural enterprise; Agboville Province, Côte d'Ivoire; industry distribution. 4986 Frelastre, Georges. "Côte d'Ivoire: nouvelle politique de développement rural sur les rails." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 249/250 (1986): 97104. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Integrated rural development. KEYWORDS: SODE (Société de Développement); SDR (Société de Développement Regional); rural organizations. States that in 1977 the Côte d'Ivoire revised its rural strategies in order to promote integrated rural development. Examines the emergence and growth of the regional development societies that administer development policy in the rural communities. 4987 Gastellu, Jean-Marc. "Droit d'usage et propriété privée." In: Enjeuxfonciers en Afrique noire, edited by E. Le Bris, E. Le Roy, and F. Leimdorfer. Paris: Karthala, 1982. 269-279 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Ghana. SUBJECTS: Land-use policy, State intervention, Agricultural development. KEYWORDS: Anyi people; Serer people. 4988 Gbagbo, Laurent. "La Liberté de la presse en Côte d'Ivoire." Peuples noirs; peuples africains 8, no. 41/42 (September/December 1984): 104-140. SUBJECTS: Mass media, Freedom of expression. KEYWORDS: PDCI; Fraternité Matin; press. 4989 Gbagbo, Laurent. "Les Entreprises coloniales en Côte d'Ivoire à la veille de la Seconde Guerre Mondiale." In: Actes du Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique: XIX et XX siècles, volume 1, edited by Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique: XIX et XX siècles. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1983. 477-487 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Commercial sector, Industrial development, Cash crop production. KEYWORDS: commercial organization. 4990 Gottlieb, Alma. "Witches, kings, and the sacrifice of identity or The power of paradox and the paradox of power among the Beng of Ivory Coast." In: Creativity of Power: Cosmology and Action in African Societies, edited by W. Arens and Ivan Karp. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989. 245-272 pp. SUBJECTS: Traditional society, Behavioral analysis. KEYWORDS: Beng people; witchcraft. Demonstrates that the highest Beng authority is perceived as deriving his power from witchcraft. Illustrates the theme of ambiguity through this figure, which acts in two epicenters of power that are opposed in ordinary discourse. 4991 Gouvernai, Elisabeth. "Développement économique de la Côte d'Ivoire: le plan 1981-1985, les conditions politiques et sociales." AfrikaSpectrum 18, no. 1 (1983): 87-96. tables. SUBJECTS: National development, Political reform, Economic reform. KEYWORDS: cocoa; Côte d'Ivoire Development Plan 1981-1985; savings. 4992 Humphreys, Charles P., and Patricia L. Rader. "Rice policy in the Ivory Coast." In: Rice in West Africa: Policy and Economics, edited by Scott R. Pearson et al. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1981. 15-60 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural policy, Rural development, Income distribution, Import substitution. KEYWORDS: rice; rice; regional inequality. 4993 INADES. Etude des conséquences sociales de la politique de développement en Côte d'Ivoire. Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: INADESDocumentation, 1986. 36 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Employment, Economic policy, Income distribution, Development policy. KEYWORDS: CAPEN (Centre d'Assistance et de Promotion de l'Entreprise Nationale); INADES (Institut Africain pour le Développement Economique et Social). Studies options for social and economic development in Côte d'Ivoire. Analyzes social variables and determines that better pedagogy and education represent the most effective programs for promot-

COTE D ' I V O I R E / G e n e r a l

ing development. 4994 INADES. Stratégies et grandes options de développement de la Côte d'Ivoire. Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: INADES-Documentation, 1986. 71 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Development planning, Industrial development, Economic development, Cultural policy, Population growth. KEYWORDS: Houphouet-Boigny, Felix; BNDA (Banque Nationale pour le Développement Agricole); ADB (African Development Bank). Examines the economic, social, and cultural development planning policy of Côte d'Ivoire from 1960 to 1985. Analyzes that growth period through modernization and the socioeconomic changes it has realized while increasing demographic, employment, and income disparity problems and regional and class inequalities. 4995 ISNAR. Agrotechnological Research in Ivory Coast: Report to the Government of Ivory Coast. The Hague, the Netherlands: International Service for National Agricultural Research, 1984. 61 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Agricultural research, Agricultural technology. 4996 Kipré, Pierre. "Sociétés urbaines africaines et pratiques sociales de l'espace urbain: le cas ivoirien (1930-1960)." In: Processus d'urbanisation en Afrique, volume 2, edited by Catherine CoqueryVidrovitch. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1988. 37-46 pp. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Urban growth, Social development policy, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: urban conflict; Tabou Docker's Affair 1932; Grand-Bassam incident 1949; Daloa women's protests 1950. Examines multiple aspects of individual and collective actions in urban colonial space, notably from the study of some popular protests between 1930 and 1960. Presents the general factors of urban social space in the Côte d'Ivoire. Analyzes the Tabou Dockers Affair of 1932, the Grand-Bassam incident of 1949, and the women's urban protests in Daloa in 1950. 4997 Kourouma, Mamadi. "Le Contentieux électoral municipal en Côte d'Ivoire." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique 94, no. 785 (July/September 1984): 290-306. SUBJECTS: Legal system, Elections. 4998 Ladipo, O. O., and O. L. Oludimu. "Local government and rural development in developing countries with special reference to the Ivory Coast." In: Local Government in West Africa since Independence, edited by L. Adamolekun, D. Olowu, and M. Laleye. Lagos, Nigeria: University of Lagos Press, 1988. 265-274 pp. ALSO COVERS: West Africa. SUBJECTS: Development planning, Rural development, Local government. Examines the role of local government in the rural development of the West African sub-region. Presents a discussion on rural development planning. Examines the concept of local development as a grassroots development strategy, with reference to Côte d'Ivoire. 4999 Lassailly-Jacob, Véronique. "La Charge de population en question: colonisation planifiée des rives du lac de Kossou en Côte d'Ivoire." In: Le Développement rural en questions: paysages, espaces ruraux, systèmes agraires, edited by Chantai Blanc-Pamard. Paris: ORSTOM, 1984.403-416 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Population density, Resettlement, Agricultural production, Land-use policy. KEYWORDS: Kossou Lake, Côte d'Ivoire; Béoumi Region, Côte d'Ivoire. 5000 Lewis, Barbara C. "Aspects socio-économiques de la fécondité dans un cadre urbain africain: Abidjan." CIRES: Cahiers ivoiriens de recherche économique et sociale 28/29 (March/June 1981): 3-35. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Urbanization, Ruralurban migration, Education level, Fertility, Population policy. KEYWORDS: Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. 5001 Marden, Peter. The Ivory Coast: Economic Miracle or Blocked

• 331

Development? Implications for the Geography of Development. Melbourne, Australia: Department of Geography and Environmental Science, Monash University, 1990. 68 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Development policy, Geographical analysis, Colonialism, Dependency theory, Division of labor. KEYWORDS: Amin, Samir; capital restructuring; Wallerstein, Immanuel; Marcussen, H. S.; Torp, J. E. Evaluates two competing models of Côte d'Ivoire development; that of Samir Amin and that of Marcussen and Torp. Presents an alternative theoretical approach more compatible with the available data. Considers implications for the methodology of development geography and for future development in Côte d'Ivoire. 5002 Marguerat, Yves. "Des hommes, des femmmes et des souspréfectures: analyse de sexe-ratio en Côte d'Ivoire selon les premiers résultats des recensements de 1975." Cahiers des sciences humaines 18, no. 2 (1981/1982): 295-301. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Sex role, Urban population, Rural population, Demographic analysis. KEYWORDS: sex ratio; census. 5003 Ministère de la Construction et de l'Urbanisme, Côte d'Ivoire. Stratégie d'investissement dans les villes de /' intérieur: étude bibliographique. Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: BCET, Service de la Documentation, 1982. 479 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Public investment, B i b l i o g r a p h y , Agricultural sector, R e g i o n a l d e v e l o p m e n t , Demographic analysis, Urban growth, Water supply. KEYWORDS: tourism; electricity. 5004 Mundt, Robert J. Historical Dictionary of the Ivory Coast ( Cote d'Ivoire). Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow, 1987. 246 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Historical analysis, Political analysis. A dictionary of political, historical, cultural, and social terms pertaining to Côte d'Ivoire. Includes a bibliography of works on culture, economics, history, politics, science, anthropology, ethnology, and sociology. 5005 Phelinas, Pascale. "Le Rôle des prix du riz dans la politique d'autosuffisance alimentaire de la Côte d'Ivoire." Cahiers des sciences humaines 24, no. 3 (1988): 349-363. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Food production, Price policy, Self-reliance. KEYWORDS: rice; production incentives. Examines the price policy of rice in Côte d'Ivoire and the manner in which it has affected the rice economy since independence. Presents evidence demonstrating output responses to farm price changes and argues that as consumption increased drastically in the 1970s, domestic production stagnated, with annual import volumes reaching high levels. 5006 Requier Desjardins, Denis. "Urbanisation et évolution des modèles alimentaires: l'exemple de la Côte d'Ivoire." In: Nourrir les villes en Afrique sub-saharienne, edited by N. Bricas, G. Courade, J. Coussy, and Ph. Hugon. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1985.161-178 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Urbanization, Food production, Rural-urban relations, Socioeconomic analysis. KEYWORDS: Akan people; Malinke people; Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. 5007 Riddel, Roger C. "Côte d'Ivoire." In: Manufacturing Africa: Performance and Prospects of Seven Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Roger C. Riddell. London: James Currey, 1990. 152-205 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Manufacturing sector, Economic policy, Export economy. KEYWORDS: ECOWAS. Uses Côte d'Ivoire as a case study about the impact of an export-focused economy on economic development. Gives a history of the manufacturing sector since independence and reviews the government policies created to encourage that sector. Argues that policies must be adapted to render the manufacturing sector independent of export-based agriculture.

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5008 Ridler, Neil B. "Caisse de Stabilisation in the coffee sector of the Ivory Coast." World Development 16, no. 12 (December 1988): 1521-1526. tables. SUBJECTS: Marketing boards, Technological development, Rural development, Export market. KEYWORDS: Colombia; CSPPA (Caisse de Stabilisation des Prix des Produits Agricoles); coffee. Describes how the Ivory Coast's marketing board has encouraged agricultural development and diversification. Compares coffee technology in the Ivory Coast with that in Colombia, a country that does not have marketing boards. Concludes that the Caisse may have been detrimental to technological change. 5009 Ridler, Neil B. "Comparative advantage as a development model: The Ivory Coast." The Journal of Modern African Studies 23, no. 3 (September 1985): 407-417. tables. SUBJECTS: Export market, Agricultural development, Debt crisis, Development theory. KEYWORDS: comparative advantage; CSPPA (Caisse de Stabilisation des Prix des Produits Agricoles). 5010 Saint-Vil, Jean. "L'Eau chez soi et l'eau au coin de la rue: les systèmes de distribution de l'eau à Abidjan." Cahiers des sciences humaines 19, no. 4 (1983): 471-489. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Water supply, Consumption pattern, Informal sector. KEYWORDS: Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire; hydraulics. 5011 Serry, Antoine. Côte d'Ivoire, après la faillite, l'espoir? Paris: L'Harmattan, 1990. 200 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Political activism, Economic crisis, Socioeconomic analysis, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: FPI (Front Populaire Ivoirien); PDCI. Draws on political activism to address the economic crisis and the failure of the development program in Côte d'Ivoire. Presents FPI as a political alternative for socioeconomic changes. 5012 Toure, Abdou. "La Jeunesse face à l'urbanisation accélérée en Côte d'Ivoire." Cahiers des sciences humaines 21, no. 2/3 (1985): 275-293. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Urbanization, Youth issues, Education system, Rural-urban migration. KEYWORDS: handicrafts; school leavers. 5013 Turcotte, Denis. La Politique linguistique en Afrique francophone: une étude comparative de la Côte d'Ivoire et de Madagascar. Quebec: Presses de l'Université Laval, 1981. 219 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Madagascar. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Language policy, Ethnicity. KEYWORDS: linguistics; Francophone Africa. 5014 Verdeaux, François. "Généalogie d ' u n phénomène de surexploitation: Lagune Aby (Côte d'Ivoire) 1935-1982." Cahiers des sciences humaines 25, no. 1/2 (1989): 191-211. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Fishing industry, Natural resource management, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: social relations; Aby Lagoon, Côte d'Ivoire. Examines overfishing in Aby Lagoon, Côte d'Ivoire, as a punctual consequence of longer-term trends. Emphasizes the role of sociological evolution in the transformation of fisheries during 1935— 1982. Compares the exploitation system and the final misappropriation of resources and questions how such a traditional system of resource management can disappear. 5015 Vidal, Claudine. "Abidjan: Quand les 'petits' deviennent des pauvres." Politique africaine no. 39 (September 1990): 166-170. SUBJECTS: Social stratification, Poverty, Employment. Examines the social effects of the recent economic crisis in Côte d'Ivoire. Claims that those on the lowest rung of the social ladder are suffering the most while slipping into desperate poverty. 5016 Vidal, Claudine. "Funérailles et conflit social en Côte d'Ivoire." Politique africaine no. 24 (December 1986): 9-19. SUBJECTS: Sociological analysis, Traditional society, Administration, Ruling

class. KEYWORDS: Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire; funerals. Examines the political implications of Ivorian funerals, specifically among the elite. Demonstrates that because funeral celebrations are organized by various political organizations, there is therefore evidence of national political propaganda. Concludes that traditional chiefs play a decreasing role in the organization of such funerals. 5017 Weiskel, Timothy C. "Independence and the Longue Durée: The Ivory Coast 'miracle' reconsidered." In: Decolonization and African Independence: The Transfers of Power, 1960-1980, edited by Presser Gifford and Wm. Roger Louis. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1988. 347-380 pp. SUBJECTS: National planning policy, Decolonization, Socioeconomic analysis, Historical analysis, International relations. KEYWORDS: devolution; Houphouet-Boigny, Felix; Free French administration; SAA (Syndicat Agricole Africain). Discusses the process of decolonization in Côte d'Ivoire, using three strands of analysis: addresses political event structures, longterm processes of local development, and global socioeconomic evolution. 5018 Yacoob, May. Ahmadiyya and Urbanization: Migrant Women in Abidjan. Boston, Massachusetts: African Studies Center, Boston University, 1983.16 pp. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Islam, Ruralurban migration, Urbanization. KEYWORDS: Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire; Ahmadiyya religious movement. SEE ALSO 1626,1775,1986,4003,4466,5876,6098,6440,15155, 15569.

Health

5019 Andriamampahery, Dimby, Astou Dakonou, Ahoutou Emmanuel Koffi, and Muambayi Mulamba. Dynamique de population et mutation économique dans le Sud-Ouest ivoirien: la sous-préfecture de Sassandra (Avril 1988). Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: Etudes et Recherches/ENSA, 1989. 143 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Regional economics, Labor migration, Fertility, Health service. KEYWORDS: Sassandra Region, Côte d'Ivoire; ENSA (Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Statistique et d'Economie Appliquée). Addresses the economic development due to demographic change in Sassandra, a region of southwest Côte d'Ivoire. Examines labor migration, the economic role of families, and the fertility and health problems underlying that regional economic change. SEE ALSO 2040, 4257.

Household and Family

5020 Marguerat, Yves. "Les Jeunes délinquants d'Abidjan: une première approche quantitative." Cahiers des sciences humaines 21, no. 2/3 (1985): 373-379. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Youth issues, Crime, Education policy, Family. KEYWORDS: Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire; school leavers. 5021 Oble-Lohoues, A. Jacqueline. Droit des successions en Côte d'Ivoire: tradition et modernisme. Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: Nouvelles Editions Africaines, 1984. 493 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Traditional society, Family, Law, Social change, Marriage, Political

COTE D ' I V O I R E / M e d i a and Culture •

succession. 5022 Strauss, John. "Households, communities, and preschool children's nutrition outcomes: Evidence from rural Côte d'Ivoire." Economic Development and Cultural Change 38, no. 2 (January 1990): 231-261. tables. SUBJECTS: Household analysis, Children, Nutrition, Public health, Rural population. KEYWORDS: Living Standards Survey 1986. Claims that nutrition standards in rural Côte d'Ivoire are higher than in most African countries. Examines how the differences in health can be explained by regional inequalities, household wealth, and parenting. Provides a model for estimating nutrition levels. 5023 T r a o r e , Aminata, and Philippe Antoine. "Croissance économique et modèles familiaux en Côte d'Ivoire." In: Femmes et politiques alimentaires: Actes du Séminaire International sur la Place des Femmes dans l'Autosuffisance et les Stratégies Alimentaires, edited by Jeannne Bisilliat. Paris: ORSTOM, 1985. 433-443 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Family, Agricultural development, Urbanization, Traditional society, Household economy. KEYWORDS: modes of production.

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un syndicalisme anticonflits?" Politique africaine no. 24 (December 1986): 79-90. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Labor union, Conflict resolution, Labor unrest, Class analysis. KEYWORDS: EPN (Etablissements Publiques Nationaux); UGTCI (Union Général des Travailleurs de Côte d'Ivoire). Examines the history and development of the UGTCI. States that the harmonious relationship that exists between labor organizations and capital has created problems in the Côte d'Ivoire because conflict between the classes exists and cannot be excluded from social life. 5029 van der Gaag, Jacques, and Wim Vijverberg. "Wage determinants in Côte d'Ivoire: Experience, credentials, and human capital." Economic Development and Cultural Change 37, no. 2 (January 1989): 371-381. tables. SUBJECTS: Wage policy, Education level, Employment opportunity, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: Living Standards Survey 1986. Estimates the effect of wage earners' education level and employment experience on their wages. Investigates the effects of type of schooling and type of experience as well. Concludes that the rate of return to education is significantly high and points to a shortage of schooled personnel.

SEE ALSO 4260, 15163, 15164.

Legal System Industry

5024 Alfthan, Torkel. Industrialization, Employment and Basic Needs: The Case of the Ivory Coast. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Organisation, 1982. 65 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Industrialization, Development planning, Employment, Income distribution, Basic needs, Import substitution, Export economy. KEYWORDS: small-scale industry. 5025 Mytelka, Lynn K. "Investissement étranger direct et choix technologique dans les industries ivoiriennes du textile et du bois." Revue canadienne d'études de développement/Canadian Journal of Development Studies 4, no. 1 (1983): 95-123. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Export policy, Forestry industry, Industrial policy, Development policy. KEYWORDS: textile industry. 5026 PECTA (Programme des Emplois at des Compétences Techniques por l'Afrique). Politique et stratégie d'industrialisation en Afrique: effets sur l'emploi et la distribution des revenus: cas de la Côte d'Ivoire. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: PECTA, 1983. 80 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Industrial policy, Industrial development, Informal sector, Capital accumulation, Labor force, Urban development. KEYWORDS: modes of production; revenue policy. SEE ALSO 5928, 8142.

Labor

5027 Hauser, André. "Cent mille personnes devant les grilles: les demandeurs et les demandeuses d'emploi d'Abidjan." Cahiers des sciences humaines 19, no. 4 (1983): 397-413. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Labor market, Women's studies, Youth issues, Unemployment, Women's economic role. KEYWORDS: Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire; school leavers. 5028 Toure, Ismaila. "L'UGTCI et le 'développement harmonieux' :

5030 Bennett, T. W., and N. S. Peart. "The dualism of marriage law in Africa." Acta Jurídica (1983): 145-169. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Ghana, Kenya. SUBJECTS : Traditional legal system, Marriage, Family, Law. KEYWORDS: White Paper on Marriage, Divorce and Inheritance 1961; Marriage Law No. 64-375 1964; divorce. 5031 Kone, Ismaila. "Le Statut du magistrat en Côte d'Ivoire." Afrique contemporaine 156, no. 4 (1990): 121-127. biblio. SUBJECTS: Law, Legal system, Judicial system. KEYWORDS: magistrates. Analyzes the law of August 4,1978, which fixes the career rules for magistrates. Claims that these rules constitute a plan to protect magistrates by guaranteeing their independence. 5032 N'Guessan, Alfred Kablan. Commentaire du code forestier et de la législation forestière de la Côte d'Ivoire. Paris: Librairie Générale de Droit et de Jurisprudence, 1989. 333 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Law, Forestry industry, Judicial system. KEYWORDS: Wood. Addresses the forestry industry legal and judicial system of Côte d'Ivoire. Highlights the legislation code of every activity in the industry. 5033 Togba, Zogbélémou. "Le Droit des conventions internationales dans la Constitution Ivoirienne de 1960." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique no. 793 (January/April 1987): 49-86. SUBJECTS: Constitutional law, International law, Diplomatic relations. KEYWORDS: Côte d'Ivoire Constitution 1960. Examines attitudes toward international and diplomatic relations as expressed through Côte d'Ivoire's Constitution of 1960. Discusses recognition of the primacy of international law over domestic law and the borrowings from contemporary French law.

Media and Culture

5034 Toure, Abdou. La Civilisation quotidienne en Côte d'Ivoire. Paris: Karthala, 1981. 279 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Political ideology,

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Traditional society, Education system, Ethnicity, Elite analysis. SEE ALSO 2364, 5947.

Migration

5035 Fargues, Philippe. "Les Migrations en Côte d'Ivoire d'après le recensement de la population de 1975." CIRES: Cahiers ivoiriens de recherche économique et sociale ?>\ï¥L (December 1981/March 1982): 1-204. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Migration policy, Rural-urban migration, Division of labor. KEYWORDS: Côte d'Ivoire population surveys 1975. SEE ALSO 4269.

Régionaux d'Aménagement Rural). Assesses contradictions between discourse about and the practices of land use. Claims that those contradictions stem from the permanant construction of the state. Examines the manner in which the theory is applied to the Côte d'lvoire by exploring the country's land-use policy and its regional development planning. 5040 N'Guessan, Kouame. "Devant et derrière les murs: la qualité de la vie dans l'habitat économique d'Abidjan." Cahiers des sciences humaines 19, no. 4 (1983): 449-458. tables. SUBJECTS: Low-income housing, Housing policy, Standard of living, Housing. KEYWORDS: Abidjan, Côte d'lvoire. 5041 Yacoob, May. "Identification and use of grassrooots community organizations in low cost urban housing: The case of Ahmadiyya-type organizations in the Ivory Coast." African Urban Studies 18 (Spring 1984): 49-58. SUBJECTS: Nongovernmental organization, Housing policy, Community development, Grassroots movement, Urban development, Low-cost housing. KEYWORDS: Ahmadiyya religious movement.

Military Affairs

SEE ALSO 2546, 15194, 15196.

5036 Daddieh, Cyril Kofie. "Management of educational crises in Còte d'lvoire." The Journal of Modern African Studies 26, no. 4 (December 1988): 639-659. SUBJECTS: Education reform, Coup d'état, Conflict resolution, Higher education, Crisis management, Traditional society, Labor strike. KEYWORDS: paternalism. Draws attention to the salience of management strategies for state endurance or disintegration and points to the techniques employed in the Còte d'lvoire to cope with a series of crises in its educational system. Highlights initial use of coercive measures followed by conciliatory gestures and bargaining.

Politics

SEE ALSO 13039.

Planning and Development

5037 Aubertin, Catherine. "Histoire et création d'une région 'sous développée' : le Nord ivoirien." Cahiers des sciences humaines 19, no. 1 (1983): 23-57. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: National development, Economic history, Development planning, Colonialism, Plantation economy. KEYWORDS: spatial analysis; cocoa; coffee; northern Côte d'lvoire. 5038 Diahou, Alphonse Yapi. "Dépôt ffl-IV: conflit et alliances urbaines dans un quartier d'Abidjan." Politique africaine no. 24 (December 1986): 53-67. SUBJECTS: Squatter community, Development policy, Urban development, Development planning, Development policy. KEYWORDS: Yopougon, Côte d'lvoire; SETU (Société d'Equipement des Terrains Urbains); Abidjan, Côte d'lvoire; spatial analysis; Akye people. Analyzes Depot III-IV, an illegal settlement in an industrial zone of Abidjan. Explores encounters between the settlement and the Ivorian authorities and the responses by the people of the settlement to intervention by both the state and the local authorities. 5039 Dubresson, Alain. "Derrière la contradiction, l'état: discours et pratique de l'aménagement du territoire en Côte d'Ivoire." Politique africaine no. 21 (March 1986): 77-89. SUBJECTS: Development planning, Land-use policy, Agricultural production, State intervention, Regional planning policy. KEYWORDS: FRAR (Fonds

5042 Acte du Colloque International, ed. La Décentralisation: études comparées des législations ivoiriennes et françaises. Toulouse, France: Centre de Valorisation de la Recherche, 1989. 228 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Decentralization, State power, One-party system, Local planning policy, Urbanization, Rural development. KEYWORDS: France-Côte d'lvoire relations. Presents comparative studies of the decentralization policy of Côte d'lvoire and France. Examines the historical origins and the implementation process of decentralization within the political system of Côte d'lvoire, pointing out its impacts, influence, and ramifications through the politics of community as well as on urban and rural life. 5043 Amon d'Aby, F. J. Le Problème des chefferies traditionelles en Côte d'lvoire. 3rd ed. Abidjan, Côte d'lvoire: Nouvelles Editions Africaines, 1988.62 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS : Local government, Traditional authority, Traditional political system. KEYWORDS: Akan people. Examines the role of traditional leaders in Akan society in Côte d'Ivoire. Concludes that traditional leaders continue to have an impact in their communities and continue to play a prominent role in the country's politics. 5044 Amondji, Marcel. Côte d'lvoire: Le P.D.C.I, et la vie politique de 1944 à 1985. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1986. 208 pp. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Political parties, One-party system, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: Houphouet-Boigny, Felix; PDCI; RDA (Rassemblement Démocratique Africain). Examines the history of the PDCI since decolonization in 1960. Seeks to demystify the Ivoirian political system as it stood in the early 1980s. 5045 Amondji, Marcel. FelixHouphouet et la Côte d'lvoire: l'envers d'une légende. Paris: Karthala, 1984. 333 pp. SUBJECTS: Political participation. KEYWORDS: PDCI; RDA (Rassemblement Démocratique Africain); Houphouet-Boigny, Felix. 5046 Amondji, Marcel. "Le Parti démocratique de la Côte d'Ivoire: de l'association librement consentie à l'adhésion obligatoire." Peuples noirs; peuples africains 8, no. 41/42 (September/December 1984):

COTE D ' I V O I R E / P o l i t i c s

•

335

46-59. SUBJECTS: Political participation, One-party system, Political repression, Political power. KEYWORDS: Houphouet-Boigny, Felix; PDCI.

Examines two situations in the Côte d'Ivoire in order to assess the role that the country's administration plays in the face of social tensions.

5047 Bakary, Tessy. "Côte d'Ivoire: une 'décentralisation politique centralisée' (deuxième partie)." Géopolitique africaine no. 3 (October 1986): 65-103. ALSO COVERS: Ghana. SUBJECTS: Political part i c i p a t i o n , O n e - p a r t y s y s t e m , Political r e f o r m , Elections. KEYWORDS: PDCI; Houphouet-Boigny, Felix. Examines the political future for the Côte d'Ivoire. Explores the social basis for political alternatives and reforms in its rigid political system. Examines measures undertaken toward succession within Côte d'Ivoire and the potential function of elections in the political process.

5055 Brard, Yves. "La Démocratisation des institutions politiques de la Côte d'Ivoire." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 36, no. 2 (April/June 1982): 735-758. other docs. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Democratization, One-party system, Elections, Political reform. KEYWORDS: pluralism; HouphouetBoigny, Felix; PDCI.

5048 Bakary, Tessy D. "Côte d'Ivoire: recrutement politique et éventuels changements." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 237/238 (1985): 3-32. SUBJECTS: Political stability, Political succession, Political ideology, Political elite, Presidential government. KEYWORDS: PDCI; Houphouet-Boigny, Felix. 5049 Bakary, Tessy D. "Côte d'Ivoire: une 'décentralisation politique centralisée.'" Géopolitique africaine no. 2 (June 1986): 205-230. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Economic dependency, Resource distribution, Centralized authority, Decentralization, Elections, Oneparty system. Examines the Côte d'Ivoire's economic performance and its political and economic resources. Addresses the role that decentralization plays in the Côte d'Ivoire political process. 5050 Bakary, Tessy D. "Le Rôle du statut social des candidats dans les legislatives de novembre 1980 en Cote d'Ivoire." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 245/246 (1986): 142-157. SUBJECTS: One-party system, Elections, Local government. KEYWORDS: Houphouet-Boigny, Felix; PDCI. Examines the status of the Ivoirian legislative elections of 1980. Explores the status of candidates, including their education level and professional experience. Assesses the role of Houphouet-Boigny and the PDCI. 5051 Bakary, Tessy D. Les Elections legislatives ivoiriennes de novembre 1980 et le système politique: essai d'analyse des comportements électoraux. Talence, France: Centre d'Etude d'Afrique Noire, 1985. 64 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Electoral process, Research methodology, Democracy, Political analysis, Ethnic politics. KEYWORDS: Côte d'Ivoire legislation elections 1980. 5052 Baulin, Jacques. La Politique intérieure d'Houphouet-Boigny. Paris: Eurafor, 1982. 255 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Economic policy, Power politics, Traditional society, Bourgeoisie. KEYWORDS: Houphouet-Boigny, Felix. 5053 Bigo, Didier. "La Succession en Côte d'Ivoire: une transition politique stable?" Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 43, no. 1 (January/March 1989): 18-39. SUBJECTS: P o l i t i c a l s u c c e s s i o n , Political stability, P o l i t i c a l c h a n g e . KEYWORDS: Houphouet-Boigny, Felix; PDCI. Claims that the political transition after Boigny will be stable, without major risks and according to the institutional modality of the Côte d'Ivoire. Presents six possible scenarios according to which that transition may be carried out. 5054 Bonnal, Albert. "L'Administration et le parti face aux tensions." Politique africaine no. 24 (December 1986): 20-28. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Political parties, Agricultural development, Religion, Administration. KEYWORDS: Korhogo, Côte d'Ivoire; Senufo people; Fulani people.

5056 Campbell, Bonnie K. L'Etat post-colonial en Côte d'Ivoire. Paris: Centre d'Etudes Africaines, 1982. 30 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: State intervention, Industrial production, State power, Economic policy. KEYWORDS: precapitalist society. 5057 Chauveau, J. P., and J. P. Dozon. "Au Coeur des ethnies ivoiriennes... l'état." In: L'Etat contemporain en Afrique, edited by Emmanuel Terray. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1987. 221-296 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Plantation economy, State power, Ethnicity, Ethnie politics. KEYWORDS: civil society; Houphouet-Boigny, Felix; PDCI. Addresses ethnic politics in Côte d'Ivoire. Examines the process of establishing a single national identity out of the many scores that coexist in Côte d'Ivoire. Analyzes the impact of ethnic politics on government policy. 5058 Chauveau, J. P., and J. P. Dozon. "Colonisation, économie de plantation et société civile en Côte d'Ivoire." Cahiers des sciences humaines 21, no. 1 (1985): 63-80. biblio. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Traditional society, Traditional political system, Plantation economy, Colonialism, State formation. 5059 Crook, Richard. "State, society and political institutions in Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana." Institute of Development Studies Bulletin 21, no. 4 (October 1990): 25-34. ALSO COVERS: Ghana. SUBJECTS: Political instability, Elite analysis, State formation, Government analysis. KEYWORDS: state-society relations. Argues that the difference between Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire— otherwise similar in geography and sociology—is not economic policy but state capacity. Highlights the stability of Côte d'Ivoire and the instability of Ghana to focus on the effectiveness of the state in pursuit of an economic strategy. 5060 Degni-Ségui, René. "Le Contrôle sur l'administration ivoirienne par la voie du recours pour excès de pouvoir." In: Les cours suprêmes en Afrique: III, la jurisprudence administrative, edited by Gérard Conac and Jean de Gaudusson. Paris: Economica, 1988. 147191 pp. SUBJECTS: Public administration, Legal system, Political power. KEYWORDS: Chambre Administrative de la Cour Suprême. Discusses methods for control over administrative power in Côte d'Ivoire. Analyzes legal methods to control excesses of power and conflicts of interest involving government officials. Emphasizes court actions and authoritative powers of the Chambre Administrative de la Cour Suprême. 5061 Diahou, Alphonse Yapi. "L'Etat et les municipalités en Côte d'Ivoire: un jeu de cache-cache?" Politique africaine no. 40 (December 1990): 51-59. SUBJECTS: State power, Local government, Urban politics, Land distribution. KEYWORDS: DCGTX (Direction et Contrôle des Grands Travaux); Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. Examines recent developments in the Ivoirian government's attitude toward land distribution and urban development. Reviews two different policies of the national government toward its communes in terms of urban land aquisitions: the ten communes of Abidjan and the other urban centers. 5062 Front Populaire Ivoirien. Propositions pour gouverner la Côte

336

• COTE D ' I V O I R E / P o l i t i c s

d'Ivoire. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1987.197 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Political parties, Economic development, International relations, Agricultural development. KEYWORDS: PDCI; FPI (Front Populaire Ivoirien); Houphouet-Boigny, Felix. Presents a political platform by the Front Populaire Ivoirien, which includes a critique of Houphouet-Boigny's PDCI. Asserts that greater democratization in all sectors of politics and economic development is essential. 5063 Gbagbo, Laurent. Côte d'Ivoire: pour une alternative démocratique. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1983.177 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, One-party system, Political repression, Economic development, Democracy. KEYWORDS: PDCI; Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire. 5064 Gbagbo, Laurent. "Réponse à une réponse." Peuples noirs; peuples africains 8, no. 41/42 (September/December 1984): 8-29. tables. SUBJECTS: Government analysis, Elections, One-party system, Mass media. KEYWORDS: PDCI; Côte d'Ivoire National Council. 5065 Glassman, Monique. "La Côte d'Ivoire après le Vile congrès du PDCI-RDA." Afrique contemporaine 118 (November/December 1981): 11-15. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Political participation, Political parties, Constitution. KEYWORDS: HouphouetBoigny, Felix; PDCI; RDA (Rassemblement Démocratique Africain). 5066 Harshe, Rajen. Pervasive Entrance: France and Ivory Coast in African Affairs. New Delhi, India: Arnold-Heinemann, 1984. 184 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Guinea, Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Pan-Africanism, Colonialism, Political parties. KEYWORDS: France-Africa relations; EEC; French-African people. 5067 Houphouët-Boigny, Felix. "J'ai des milliards en Suisse." Peuples noirs; peuples africains 8, no. 41/42 (September/December 1984): 76-103. SUBJECTS: Government analysis, Corruption, Propaganda, Plantation economy. KEYWORDS: political campaign; autobiography. 5068 Kourouma, M. "Le Statut des fonctionnaires parlementaires en Côte d'Ivoire." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique no. 799 (January/April 1989): 103-135. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Government analysis, Public administration, Government bureaucracy, Civil service. KEYWORDS: Règlement de l'Assemblée Nationale; Caisse Nationale de Prévoyance Sociale. Examines the rights and obligations of public servants in Côte d'Ivoire. Reviews a particular statute concerning National Assembly personnel and the fundamental guarantees to such personnel as given by the state. 5069 Masquet, Brigitte. "Côte d'Ivoire: pouvoir présidentiel, palabre et démocratie." Afrique contemporaine 114 (March/April 1981): 1022. tables. SUBJECTS: Presidential government, Democracy, Personalized leadership. KEYWORDS: Houphouet-Boigny, Felix; PDCI. 5070 Medard, J. F. "La régulation socio-politique." In: Etat et bourgeoisie en Côte d'Ivoire, edited by Y. A. Fauré and J. F. Medard. Paris: Karthala, 1982. 61-88 pp. SUBJECTS: Class struggle, Presidential government, One-party system, Political stability. KEYWORDS: PDCI; Houphouet-Boigny, Felix; patron-client relations. 5071 Mescheriakoff, Alain Serge. Le Droit administratif ivoirien. Paris: Economica, 1982. 247 pp. SUBJECTS: Public administration, Centralized authority, Government bureaucracy, Judicial system, Law. 5072 Morice, Alain. "L'Etat africain typique: lieu ou instrument."

Politique africaine no. 26 (June 1987): 42-62. ALSO COVERS: Mali, Guinea. SUBJECTS: State formation, Government analysis, Marxist analysis, State intervention. Examines the debate surrounding the development of the African state, using dependency and neoliberal modernization theory. 5073 Semi-Bi, Zan. "Genèse de la 'démocratie à l'ivoirienne.' Bilan critique de l'activité parlementaire en Côte d'Ivoire au cours de la Vie legislature (1980-1985)." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 247/248 (1986): 15-31. tables. SUBJECTS: Democracy, Elections, One-party system, Parliamentary government, Constitution. KEYWORDS: PDCI; Côte d'Ivoire National Assembly. States that a new Ivorian democracy was put into place in 1979 and citizens freely voted for deputies to the national assembly. Explains that of 147 parliamentary seats, 120 new delegates were elected and 27 reelected. Points out that the Ivory Coast's parliament often voted against the party despite presidential power. 5074 Togba, Zogbélémou. "L'Intérim de la présidence de la république en Côte d'Ivoire (analyse juridique et impact politique)." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique 98, no. 797 (June/October 1988): 205-235. SUBJECTS: Political succession, Presidential government, Judicial system. KEYWORDS: Houphouet-Boigny, Felix. Examines Houphouet-Boigny's role in Ivorian society. Explores the legal foundations of Houphouet-Boigny's position as president of the Côte d'Ivoire. 5075 Toungara, Jeanne Maddox. "Political reform and economic change in Ivory Coast: An update." Journal of African Studies 13, no. 3 (Fall 1986): 94-101. tables. SUBJECTS: Political succession, Political history, Economic history, Leadership analysis. KEYWORDS: Houphouet-Boigny, Felix. A review of Côte d'lvoire's economic performance and political leadership during the 1980s. Details the actions and power of President Felix Houphouet-Boigny. Discusses the needs and production of the agricultural sector. Inquires into the state of higher education. 5076 Toungara, Jeanne Maddox. "The apotheosis of Côte d'lvoire's Nana Houphouët-Boigny." The Journal of Modern African Studies 28, no. 1 (March 1990): 23-54. SUBJECTS: Personalized leadership, Biography. KEYWORDS: Houphouet-Boigny, Felix; Akan people; PDCI. Presents a biography of Félix Houphouet-Boigny to understand his style and effectiveness as Côte d'lvoire's ruler. Argues that he is best understood as an Akan chief. Maintains that the particular attributes of such rulers explain Boigny's behavior and often seemingly contradictory policies. 5077 Woods, Dwayne. "State action and class interests in the Ivory Coast." The African Studies Review 31, no. 1 (April 1988): 93-116. biblio. SUBJECTS: State intervention, Economic growth policy, Class analysis, Ruling class, Nationalism, Public sector, Market economy. KEYWORDS: state capitalism. A review of the literature on Ivorian state and a society at different stages of development. Discusses the origin of the state in Côte d'Ivoire and different theoretical paradigms. Argues that state action and class interests can be best understood by analyzing state intervention in the economy. 5078 Zartman, I. William, and Christopher Delgado, eds. The Political Economy of Ivory Coast. New York: Praeger, 1984.255 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Political economy studies, One-party system, Agricultural development, Foreign investment, Economic integration, Political stability, Cash crop production. KEYWORDS: cocoa; Houphouet-Boigny, Felix.

COTE D ' I V O I R E / R e g i o n a l i s m / N a t i o n a l i s m

SEE ALSO 2680,2715,2807,2819,2870,3034,6003,6660,6968,9828.

Population

5079 Ahonzo, Etienne, Bernard Barrere, and Pierre Kopylov. Population de la Côte d'Ivoire: analyse des donnés démographiques disponibles. Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: Ministère de l'Economie et des Finances, 1984. 324 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Population distribution, Migration, Population growth, Economic relations, Education policy. KEYWORDS: FRAR (Fonds Régionaux d'Aménagement Rural); Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire; Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire. 5080 Antoine, Philippe, and Claude Herry. "La Population d'Abidjan dans ses murs: dynamique urbaine et évolution des structures démographiques entre 1955-1978." Cahiers des sciences humaines 19, no. 4 (1983): 371-395. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Migration, Population distribution. KEYWORDS: Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. 5081 Binet, Françoise, and Claude Paulet. "Côte d'Ivoire." In: L'Evaluation des effectifs de la population des pays africains, vol. 1, edited by Groupe de Démographie Africaine. Paris: Groupe de Démographie Africaine, 1982. 31-40 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Population growth, Migration.

Private Sector

5082 Grupp, R. E. 'Transposition en Afrique noire de méthodes commerciales modernes: l'entreprise succursaliste 'Chaîne Avion' en Côte d'Ivoire." In: Actes du Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique: XIX et XX siècles, volume 2, edited by Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique, XIX et XX siècles. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1983. 353-367 pp. ALSO COVERS: Africa. SUBJECTS: Commercial sector, Marketing, Private sector. KEYWORDS: product distribution; product collection; Chaîne Avion; commercial network. 5083 Kako, Ouraga. "L'Attraction des capitales: le cas d'Abidjan." In: Vivre et survivre dans les villes africaines, edited by Isabelle Deblé and Philippe Hugon. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1982. 137-146 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Informal sector, Urban development, Urban growth, Small business. KEYWORDS: marketplace. 5084 Kipre, Pierre. "Grandes sociétés et entreprises individuelles dans la ville coloniale en Côte d'Ivoire à la veille de la Seconde Guerre Mondiale." In: Actes du Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique: XIX et XX siècles, volume 2, edited by Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique, XIX et XX siècles. Paris: France, 1983. 229-240 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Commercial sector, Entrepreneurship, Economic development. KEYWORDS: CFAO (Compagnie Française de l'Afrique Occidentale); SCOA (Société Commerciale de l'Ouest Africain). 5085 Lachaud, Jean-Pierre. "Recherches méthodologiques sur le secteur informel à Abidjan et à Yaoundé." In: Vivre et survivre dans les villes africaines, edited by Isabelle Deblé and Philippe Hugon. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1982. 240-256 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Cameroon. SUBJECTS: Research methodology, Informal sector, Labor force, Small business. KEYWORDS:

• 337

Yaoundé, Cameroon; Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. 5086 Ministère du Plan et de l'Industrie, Côte d'Ivoire. La Promotion de l'artisanat et des petites et moyennes entreprises en Côte d'Ivoire. Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: Le Secrétariat, 1982. 74 pp. SUBJECTS: Small business, Informal sector, State intervention, Economic development, Finance policy. KEYWORDS: small-scale industry; ONAA (Office National d'Artisanat d'Art); CAPEN (Centre d'Assistance et de Promotion de l'Entreprise Nationale); CIAPME (Comité Interministériel de l'Artisanat et des PME). 5087 Penouil, Marc. "Menuisiers et garagistes tailleurs et petits vendeurs de marchés à Abidjan et Yaoundé." In: Vivre et survivre dans les villes africaines, edited by Isabelle Deblé and Philippe Hugon. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1982. 119-126 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Cameroon. SUBJECTS: Informal sector, Construction industry, Urban development, Commercial sector, Capital accumulation, Small business. KEYWORDS: mechanics; tailors; Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire; Yaoundé, Cameroon. 5088 Toure, Abdou. Les Petits métiers à Abidjan: l'imagination au secours de la conjoncture. Paris: Karthala, 1985.290 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS : Economic development, Informal sector, Small business. KEYWORDS: Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. 5089 van der Gaag, Jacques, Morton Stelcner, and Wim Vijverberg. Public-Private Sector Wage Comparisons and Moonlighting in Developing Countries: Evidence from Cote d'Ivoire and Peru. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1989. 50 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Private sector, Public sector, Informal sector, Income distribution, Demographic analysis. KEYWORDS: World Bank. Analyzes public-sector/private-sector pay differentials in Côte d'Ivoire and Peru using comprehensive micro data sets: the 1985 Côte d'Ivoire Living Standards Survey and the 1985/86 Peru Living Standards Survey. Concludes that moonlighting is more prevalent among government workers than in the private sector. 5090 Vijverberg, Wim P. M. "Nonfarm self-employment and the informal sector in Côte d'Ivoire: A test of categorical identity." The Journal of Developing Areas 24, no. 4 (July 1990): 523-542. tables. SUBJECTS: Informal sector, Small business. KEYWORDS: selfemployment. Critiques the traditional tendency to classify self-employed individuals as part of the informal sector. Suggests that some family enterprises are as large and profitable as formal-sector businesses. Argues that self-employment is not a dead-end career and that the links between the formal and informal sectors are especially strong in rural areas.

Regionalism/Nationalism

5091 Atsain, Achi. "Regional economic integration and foreign policy." In: The Political Economy of Ivory Coast, edited by I. William Zartman and Christopher Delgado. New York: Praeger, 1984.175-218 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: West Africa. SUBJECTS: Economic integration, Regional development, Foreign policy, Foreign trade. KEYWORDS: ECOWAS; CFA monetary area; CEAO. 5092 L e n a , Philippe. "Quelques aspects du processus de différenciation économique en zone de colonisation récente (Région de Soubré, Sud-Ouest de la Côte d'Ivoire)." CIRES: Cahiers ivoiriens de recherche économique et sociale 30 (September 1981): 65-95. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Class formation,

338 • COTE D'IVOIRE/Regionalism/Nationalism Economic integration, Regional development, Migration policy, Agricultural development, Rural development. KEYWORDS : Soubré Region, Côte d'Ivoire.

SEE ALSO 3414, 14659.

5093 Nguessan-Zoukou, Laurent. Régions et régionalisation en Côte d'Ivoire. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1990. 179 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Regionalism, Decentralization, Regional development, Administration, Geographical analysis, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: Le Cavally region, Côte d'Ivoire; Kabadougou-Ouorodougou region, Côte d'Ivoire; Koulango-Abron region, Côte d'Ivoire. Addresses the problem of regions and regionalism as carried out by twenty-five years of postcolonial government policy in Côte d'Ivoire. Explores the issue in terms of decentralization, regional development, demography, and geography to encourage a policy change.

Trade

SEE ALSO 13084.

Religion

5098 Atsain, Achi. "La Structure du commerce extérieur de la Côte d'Ivoire: approche par un modèle à équations simultanées." CIRES: Cahiers ivoiriens de recherche économique et sociale 28-29 (March/June 1981): 49-88. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Foreign trade, Import policy, Export policy. KEYWORDS: exchange rate. 5099 Kouadio, Lambert. "La Zone-Franc et la Côte d'Ivoire: le tribut financier à payer à la France." Peuples noirs; peuples africains 8, no. 41/42 (September/December 1984): 60-75. tables. SUBJECTS: Monetary policy, Commercial sector, Export policy, Import policy, International economic relations. KEYWORDS: CFA monetary area; BCEAO (Banque Centrale des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest); UMOA; balance of trade. SEE ALSO 10169.

5094 Diabatu, Henriette, ed. Eglise et société africaine: paroisse Saint-Pierre de Jacquville: un siècle d'apostolat. Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: Nouvelles Editions Africaines, 1988. 204 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Christianity, Religious politics, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: missionaries; Jacqueville, Côte d'Ivoire; Société des Missions Africaines de Lyon. Studies the founding and development of the Jacqueville parish and the Christian conversion process of the Alladian, Akouri, and A'izi peoples of Côte d'Ivoire. Presents a sociohistory of events in relation to the people who produced or were subject to them.

Urban Development

5100 Antoine, Philippe, and Claude Herry. "Urbanisation et dimension du ménage: le cas d'Abidjan." Cahiers des sciences humaines 19, no. 3 (1983): 295-310. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Urbanization, Demographic analysis, Household analysis, Urban population. KEYWORDS: Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.

SEE ALSO 15286, 15288.

Rural Development

5095 Gastellu Affou Yapi, Jean-Marie. "Où situer les grands planteurs villageois." CIRES: Cahiers ivoiriens de recherche économique et sociale 30 (September 1981): 31-49. tables. SUBJECTS: Capital accumulation, Rural development, Elite analysis, Village development. KEYWORDS: Moronou, Côte d'Ivoire; Ketté, Côte d'Ivoire; large-scale agriculture. 5096 Toure, A. "Paysans et fonctionnaires devant la culture et l'état." In: Etat et bourgeoisie en Côte d'Ivoire, edited by Y. A Fauré and J. F. Medard. Paris: Karthala, 1982. 231-251 pp. SUBJECTS: Rural population, Peasant society, Civil service. KEYWORDS: HouphouetBoigny, Felix; PDCI.

Socioeconomic Analysis

5097 Gozo, K. M. Politique et stratégie d'industrialisation en Côte d'Ivoire: effets sur l'emploi et la distribution des revenus. AddisAbaba, Ethiopia: PECTA, 1985. 60 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Industrial policy, Employment, Income distribution, Socioeconomic analysis. KEYWORDS: CEAO; ECOWAS.

5101 Cohen, Michael A. "Urban policy and development strategy." In: The Political Economy of Ivory Coast, edited by I. William Zartman and Christopher Delgado. New York: Praeger, 1984. 57-75 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Urbanization, Urban planning policy. 5102 Dubresson, Alain. Villes et industries en Côte d'Ivoire: pour une géographie de Vaccumulation urbaine. Paris: Karthala, 1989. 845 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Industrial development, Urban growth, Urban population, Regional development, Economic development, Socioeconomic analysis, Labor market. Explores the industrial development and its relationship with urban problems in Ivory Coast. Addresses the socioeconomic factors and tasks of the industrial development policy in Abidjan and provinces, as well as the labor and urban growth problems related to the phenomenon. 5103 Haeringer, P. "Vingt-cinq ans de politique urbaine à Abidjan." Politique africaine no. 17 (March 1985): 21-40. SUBJECTS: Urbanization, Urban development, Local development. KEYWORDS: Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. 5104 Jimenez, S. "Les Investissements urbains à Abidjan dans le domaine de l'habitat." In: Les Investissements publics dans les villes africaines (1930-1980): Habitat et transports, edited by Sophie Dulucq and Odile Goerg. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1989. 87-95 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Investment policy, Urban development, Urbanization. Addresses the urban development and urbanization problems of Abidjan and its vicinities. Examines the investment policy and budget intervention in the different sectors subsidied.

D JIB OUT I / G e n e r al •

5105 Marguerat, Yves. "Des ethnies et des villes: analyse des migrations vers les villes de Côte d'Ivoire." Cahiers des sciences humaines 18, no. 2 (1981-1982): 302-340. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Urban development, Ethnicity, Traditional society, Rural-urban migration, Urbanization. KEYWORDS: Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. 5106 Toure, Moriba. "Migration, urbanisation et développement urbain en Côte d'Ivoire." In: Population et développement en Afrique, edited by Hédi Jemai. Dakar, Senegal: CODESRIA, 1987. 139-202 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Migration, Urbanization, Urban development. KEYWORDS: theoretical critique. Criticizes the classical approach of urban studies of the Third World and the problem of migrations, urbanization, and urban development, which uses the same approach to social and economic development. Illustrates the phenomenen of migration and urbanization in Côte d'Ivoire by looking at their effects on urban development. Reflects on the alternation of the phenomena of migration, urbanization, and urban development in Côte d'Ivoire. 5107 Yacoob, May. "Ahmadiyya and urbanization: Easing the integration of rural women in Abidjan." Asian and African Studies: Journal ofthe Israel Oriental Society 20, no. 1 (March 1986): 125-140. tables. SUBJECTS: Nongovernmental organization, Urbanization, Urban poverty, Informal sector, Grassroots movement. KEYWORDS : Ahmadiyya religious movement. Examines the Ahmadiyya, which originated in Pakistan, and its mission in Africa of combating illiteracy and disease by setting up schools, mosques, and clinics. Examines how the Ahmadiyya in Abidjan have helped migrant women cope. Claims these movements are essential in providing for the needs of the poor.

339

Women and Gender

5108 Koffi Koffi, Paul. Emploi féminin en Côte d'Ivoire: étude sur l'emploi des femmes dans le secteur privé et public, 1975-1981. Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: Direction de l'Emploi, S/D Etudes et Programmes, 1983.73 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Women and development, Employment, Education opportunity, Income distribution. 5109 N'Guessan, Kouame. "Femmes ivoiriennes: acquis et incertitudes . "Présence africaine 141(1987):103-113.tables.SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Women and development, Economic integration, Political integration, Education system, Plantation economy. Argues that national developers should address not only the economic well-being of men but also the concerns of women and children. Examines women's role in political and economic integration in the Cote d'Ivoire. Explores their relation to the country's plantation economy and education. 5110 Traoré, Aminata. "Women's access to resources in the Ivory Coast: Women and land in Adioukrou District." In: Rural Development and Women in Africa, edited by International Labour Office. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1984. 99-106 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Division of labor, Women's economic role, Land distribution, Resource distribution, Land tenure system. KEYWORDS: Adioukrou district, Côte d'Ivoire. SEE ALSO 3604, 6755,13124.

DJIBOUTI Agriculture

5111 Amat, J. P., M. Esquerre, and Silah Eddine. L'Agriculture maraîchère et fruitière traditionnelle en République de Djibouti. Paris : Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique, 1981.131 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Traditional society, Irrigation. KEYWORDS: fruit; vegetables; fertilizer.

5114 Tholomier, Robert. "La République de Djibouti: après le 3ème anniversaire de son indépendance dans une come de l'Afrique mal dans sa peau." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 180/181 (1981): 30-42. SUBJECTS: Economic growth policy, Self-determination, Elections, Foreign aid policy, Economic growth policy. KEYWORDS: France-Djibouti relations; Arab-Djibouti relations.

General Colonialism

5112 Oberlé, Philippe, and Pierre Hugot. Histoire de Djibouti: des origines à la République. Paris: Présence Africaine, 1985. 339 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Colonialism, Decolonization, Independence movement. KEYWORDS: Afar people; Issa people; Somali people.

Economics

5113 Jouffrey, Roger. "La République de Djibouti et ses activités économiques." Afrique contemporaine 133 (January/March 1985): 33-42. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Budget policy, Finance, Economic planning.

5115 Ali, Osman Sultan. "Djibouti: The only stable state in the Horn?" Horn of Africa 5, no. 2 (1982): 48-55. SUBJECTS: Refugees, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: Gouled, Hassan; Afar, Djibouti; Issa, Djibouti; Horn of Africa; public services. 5116 Aubry, Marie-Christine. Djibouti l'ignoré: récits de voyage. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1988. 248 pp. tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Geographical analysis, Sociological analysis, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: Tadjoura Cercle, Djibouti; Obock Cercle, Djibouti; Afar people; Issa people. Uses a historical and geographical analysis to draw a sociological profile of Djibouti. Examines the colonial description and perception of Djibouti as provided by explorers and colonial settlers and highlights the country's sociocultural diversity. 5117 Jouffrey, Roger. " R é p u b l i q u e de Djibouti, an III de l'indépendance." Afrique contemporaine 113 (January/February 1981): 1-5. SUBJECTS: Agricultural sector, Political independence,

340 • DJIBOUTI/General Geographical analysis, Economic planning. 5118 Rabeh, Omar Osman. République de Djibouti ou roue de secours d'... Ethiopie. Paris: Atelier Silex, 1985. 140 pp. maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Regional conflict, Political analysis, National identity. KEYWORDS: Ethiopia-Djibouti relations; Somalia-Djibouti relations; Afar people; Somali people. 5119 Schraeder, Peter J. Djibouti. Oxford, UK: Clio, 1990. 239 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Economic analysis, Political analysis, Geographical analysis, Sociological analysis. Addresses the history, geography, economics, politics, and culture of Djibouti. Focuses on living conditions and related issues such as housing and education. Covers Djibouti's legal system, ethnicity, migration patterns, social conditions, and international relations. SEE ALSO 5436, 5451, 5461.

Industry

5120 UN Industrial Development Organization. Djibouti: Economic Diversification Through Industrialization. New York: UNIDO, 1989. 97 pp. SUBJECTS: Industrial development, Manufacturing sector, Economic growth policy. Analyzes the current state of industrial development in Djibouti and the potential for future expansion of the industrial sector. Describes the main manufacturing enterprises existing in 1988 and their performance. Notes the limited market for consumer goods in Djibouti and suggests possible growth in the production of railroad equipment for neighboring countries.

Military Affairs

SEE ALSO 5536.

Population

5121 Guillaume, Agnès. "Djibouti." In: L'Evaluation des effectifs de la population des pays africains, vol. 1, edited by Groupe de Démographie Africaine. Paris: Groupe de Démographie Africaine, 1982. 41-50 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Population growth.

Regionalism/Nationalism

SEE ALSO 13309.

Religion

5122 Rouaud, Alain. "Djibouti et les arabes." Sociétés africaines, monde arabe et culture islamique 2 (February 1983): 225-249. SUBJECTS: Religious politics, Islamic society. KEYWORDS: YemenDjibouti relations; League of Arab States; Islamization.

Women and Gender

5123 EC A. Les Femmes développement: situations ECA, 1984. 74 pp. biblio, development, W o m e n ' s policy.

djiboutiennes dans le processus de et besoins. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: other docs. SUBJECTS: Women and studies, Public health, Education

EAST AFRICA Agriculture

5124 Anthony, Constance G. Mechanization and Maize: Agriculture and the Politics of Technology Transfer in East Africa. New York: Columbia University Press, 1988. 178 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Kenya, Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Agricultural technology, Agricultural development, Technology transfer, Smallholder agriculture, Foreign aid policy, Green Revolution. KEYWORDS: maize; agricultural mechanization; CIMMYT (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center); CGIAR (Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research); FAO. Examines the role of governments and development agencies in the successful introduction of technology into agriculture. Contrasts Kenyan agricultural innovation with the Tanzanian failure to effectively use technological inputs. Calls for focused implementation of mechanization. 5125 Arntzen, J. W., L. D. Ngcongco, and S. D. Turner, eds. Land

Policy and Agriculture in Eastern and Southern Africa: Selected Papers Presented at a Workshop Held in Gaborone, Botswana, 14-19 February 1982. Tokyo, Japan: UN University, 1986. 150 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Land-use policy, Agrarian reform, Land tenure system, Environmental analysis. A collection of papers presented at a workshop on land policy and agriculture. Examines individual country policies and offers a general conceptual framework in which to make evaluations. Discusses the social, agricultural, legal, and environmental impacts of land reform resulting from recent reform policies. 5126 Asefa, Sisay. "Food crisis in Northeast Africa." Northeast African Studies 9, no. 2 (1987): 13-21. SUBJECTS: Food scarcity, Food aid, Food policy. KEYWORDS: Northeast Africa. Identifies some of the roots of food insecurity and assesses some of the recent short-run relief efforts. Points the direction for future, alternative long-run strategies and policies designed to solve the regional food security problem.

EAST A F R I C A / E c o n o m i c s • 3 4 1 5127 Bothomani, Isaac B. "Food crisis in East and Central Africa with special reference to Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, and Zambia." Journal of African Studies 11, no. 4 (Winter 1984/1985): 148-155. tables. ALSO COVERS: Central Africa. SUBJECTS: Food scarcity, Price policy, Land reform, Rural development, Agricultural policy, Population growth, Food policy. KEYWORDS: food imports. 5128 Bothomani, Isaac B. "Food crisis in East and Central Africa: With special reference to Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, and Zambia." African Studies Association Papers 26, no. 24 (December 1983): 1-25. tables. ALSO COVERS: Central Africa. SUBJECTS: Food scarcity, Price policy, Rural development, Agricultural policy, Population growth, Food policy, Land reform. KEYWORDS: food imports. 5129 Campbell, David J. "Strategies for coping with severe food deficits in Northeast Africa." Northeast African Studies 9, no. 2 (1987): 43-54. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Food scarcity, Agricultural production, Traditional society, Economic integration, Village development. KEYWORDS: Northeast Africa. Argues that a combination of long-term structural change in the pattern of rural life and intense short-term disturbances such as drought and war have caused recent food shortages in Africa. Claims that famine is one consequence of the increased integration of village production systems into the world economy. 5130 Collinson, M. P. Farming Systems Research in East Africa: The Experience of CIMMYT and Some National Agricultural Research Services. East Lansing, Michigan: Michigan State University, 1982. 61 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Agricultural policy, Agricultural extension service, Agrarian economy. KEYWORDS: farming systems research; CIMMYT (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center). 5131 Collinson, Michael. "Eastern and Southern Africa." In: Accelerating Food Production in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by John W. Mellor, Christopher L. Delgado, and Malcolm J. Blackie. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987. 78-96 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Resource distribution, Natural resource management, Food production, Agricultural technology, Land distribution. Argues that because East Africa is losing arable land, the need for technological change is being driven by both a need to increase food production and a need to intensify production on a shrinking resource base.

review, Food policy, Food production, Food scarcity. KEYWORDS: Northeast Africa; food security. Reviews papers presented at the Fourth MSU Conference of Northeast African Studies on famine and food security in the region. Discusses papers dealing with the causes of the 1984-1985 Ethiopian famine, as well as strategies for avoiding such a food-based calamity in the future. 5135 Mwaniki, Nyaga. Pastoral Societies and Resistance to Change: A Re-evaluation. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University African Studies Program, 1981.40 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Agricultural sector, Livestock production, Economic development, Pastoralism. KEYWORDS: range management. 5136 Rotberg, Robert I., ed. Imperialism, Colonialism, and Hunger: East and Central Africa. Lexington, Massachusetts: Lexington, 1983. 270 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Central Africa. SUBJECTS: Food production, Commercial agriculture, Economic development policy, Income distribution, Dependency theory, Rural-urban relations, Smallholder agriculture. KEYWORDS: Central Province, Kenya. 5137 Schneider, H. K. "Pastoralist development problem." Journal of Asian and African Studies 16, no. 1/2 (January/April 1981): 27-32. ALSO COVERS: Kenya. SUBJECTS: Pastoralism, Livestock production, Economic development. KEYWORDS: Maasai people. 5138 Seavoy, Ronald E. Famine in East Africa: Food Production and Food Policies. New York: Greenwood, 1989. 283 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Famine, Food production, Food policy, Colonialism, Peasant class, Subsistence economy, Agricultural policy. KEYWORDS: TANU. Defines a strategy to commercialize agriculture in the peasant nations of East Africa. Describes the East African subsistence culture, touching on the creation of the colonial economy. Assesses reasons for the failure of agricultural policy in Tanzania. SEE ALSO 145, 6211, 6236, 14169,14920.

Colonialism

5132 Downs, R. E., and S. P. Reyna, eds. Land and Society in Contemporary Africa. Hanover, New Hampshire: University Press of New England, 1988. 383 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Central Africa, West Africa. SUBJECTS: Land tenure system, Agrarian reform, Political economy studies, Resource distribution, Commercial agriculture, Economic development, Privatization. KEYWORDS: land concentration. Includes the contributions of twelve scholars who have followed an anthropological approach to the question of land in Africa. Pays special attention to where land concentration is occurring. Covers a wide range of societies in East, Central, and West Africa.

5139 Waller, Robert. "Ecology, migration and expansion in East Africa." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 84, no. 336 (July 1985): 347-370. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Historical analysis, Traditional society, Neocolonialism, Imperialism, Pastoralism. KEYWORDS: Mursi people.

5133 Gerrard, Christopher D. Economic Development, Government-Controlled Markets, and External Trade in Food Grains: The Case of Four Countries in East Africa. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University Microfilms International, 1981. 268 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural economics, International market, Trade policy, Government regulation, Agricultural marketing, Economic development, Foreign trade. KEYWORDS: government-controlled markets; grain.

5140 Degefe, Befekadu. "Problems of Stabilization and Economic Research in Africa." In: The Teaching and Research of Economics in the East African Universities: Selected Articles, edited by the Organization for Social Science Research in Eastern Africa. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: OSSREA, 1986. 74-80 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic history, Economic analysis, Economic planning, Higher education, Academic research. Describes the general economic trends in Africa during 1966-1986. States thecauses of the current economic downturn and suggests remedies.

5134 Holtzman, John S. "Food and famine in Northeast Africa: Discussion of food security themes and papers presented at the Fourth MSU Conference of Northeast African Studies." Northeast African Studies 9, no. 2 (1987): 1-11. biblio. SUBJECTS: Famine, Literature

Economics

5141 Gulhati, Ravi, and Gautam Datta. Capital Accumulation in Eastern and Southern Africa: ADecade ofSetbacks. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1983. 74 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Southern

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Africa. SUBJECTS: Capital accumulation, Foreign investment, Private investment. 5142 Ikiara, G. K. "An overview of the extent to which the economics discipline has influenced economic development in Eastern Africa." In: The Teaching and Research of Economics in the East African Universities: Selected Articles, edited by the Organization for Social Science Research in Eastern Africa. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: OSSREA, 1986. 33-44 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic history, Economic theory. KEYWORDS: economic discipline; OSSREA (Organization for Social Science Research in Eastern Africa). Briefly outlines key economic theories that have affected development strategies in East Africa since the early 1960s. Gives reasons for the enthusiastic acceptance of development economics and for the subsequent failures in implementation. 5143 Kantarelis, Demetrius, Frank Puffer, and Len Berry. Parastatals in East Africa: A Preliminary Analysis. Vol. 1. Worcester, Massachusetts: Program for International Development, Clark University, 1982.33 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: State-owned enterprise, Nationalization, Government economic management. 5144 Klaus, Hans G., and S. E. Migot-Adholla, eds. The Role of Public Enterprises in Development in Eastern Africa: Proceedings of a Workshop Organised by the Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi, 4-7 November, 1980. Nairobi, Kenya: Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi, 1982.232 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Kenya, Uganda. SUBJECTS: Government economic management, Public investment, Financial system, Stateowned enterprise. KEYWORDS: public enterprise. 5145 Organization for Social Science Research in East Africa. The Teaching and Research of Economics in East African Universities: Selected Articles. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: OSSREA (Org. for Social Science Research in East Africa), 1986. 117 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic theory, Economic history, Economic analysis, Agricultural economics, Regional economics, Political economy studies. KEYWORDS: OSSREA (Organization for Social Science Research in Eastern Africa); economic discipline. A collection of articles on the status of educational economics in East Africa. Discusses the issues of methodology, practical impact, research, and analysis. 5146 Panchamukhi, P. R. "Fiscal systems: East Africa and India." In: Development Issues in Africa, edited by Priya Mutalik-Desai. Bombay, India: Himalaya, 1982. 202-209 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Fiscal policy. 5147 Sircar, Parbati Kumar. Development Through Integration: Lessons from East Africa. Delhi, India: Kalinga, 1990. 193 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: International economic relations, Industrial development, Economic development, Economic analysis, Economic integration. KEYWORDS: East African Community. Examines the extent to which East African countries have benefited from the common market. Defines the problems that stood in the way of maximizing the fruits of integration and distributing them on an equitable basis. SEE ALSO 573,653,13360,13369,13371.

Education

5148 Berry, Leonard. Institutional Setting in Eastern Africa: Resources for Development Planning and Evaluation. Worcester, Mas-

sachusetts: Program for International Development, Clark University, 1981. 31 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Higher education, Research and development, Education system. 5149 Court, David. The Idea of Social Science in East Africa: An Aspect of the Development of Higher Education. Nairobi, Kenya: Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi, 1981.57 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Higher education, Education policy, Education system, Government analysis, Government bureaucracy. 5150 ESAURP (Eastern and Southern African Universities Research Programme). University Capacity in Eastern and Southern African Countries. London: James Currey, 1987. 259 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Higher education, Education system, Education policy. KEYWORDS: ESAURP (Eastern and Southern African Universities Research Programme). Provides information on the present capacity of universities in the region. Focuses on aspects such as programs offered, staff availability, and research capacity. Determines whether the organizational structures of the universities are geared to the best interests of the university and society at large. Makes suggestions for possible improvements. 5151 Koech, Michael Kipkorir. "Food preservation in rural communities: Perspectives from East Africa." African Studies Association Papers 26, no. 71 (December 1983): 1-23. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Informal education, Agricultural production, Technical training, Malnutrition, Agricultural extension service, Appropriate technology. KEYWORDS: meat; food losses; food preservation. 5152 Maliyamkono, T. L„ A. G. M. Ishumi, and S. J. Wells, eds. Higher Education and Development in Eastern Africa: An Eastern African Universities Research Project Report on the Impact of Overseas Training on Development. London: Heinemann, 1982. 312 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Education policy, Education opportunity, Higher education. KEYWORDS: overseas training; education financing. 5153 Maliyamkono, T. L., A. G. M. Ishumi, S. J. Wells, and S. E. Migot-Adholla, eds. Training and Productivity in Eastern Africa: An Eastern African Universities Research Report on the Impact of Overseas Training on Development. London: Heinemann, 1982. 385 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Higher education, Education system, Education policy, Technical training, Statistical analysis. KEYWORDS: overseas training. 5154 Mbuyi, Dennis M. Beyond Policy and Language Choice: An Analysis of Texts in Four Instructional Contexts in East Africa. Buffalo, New York: Comparative Education Center, State University of New York, 1987. 52 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Education policy, Formal education, Language policy. KEYWORDS: Swahili language. Compares the content of English and Swahili textbooks used in Tanzanian and Kenyan schools. Examines the degree to which they reflect the stated goals and objectives of their respective countries' development policy. Discovers that differences between the two countries' texts do correspond to stated government development policy. 5155 Psacharopoulos, George. Why Educational Policies Can Fail: An Overview of Selected African Experiences. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1990. 23 pp. SUBJECTS: Education system, Education policy. Reviews educational policy in East Africa and the relationship of policy to the achievements and failures of education in each country. 5156 Ross, D. H. Educating Handicapped Young People in Eastern and Southern Africa in 1981-83. Paris: UNESCO, 1988. 152 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Education

EAST A FR IC A/F o r e i g n R e l a t i o n s • 3 4 3

opportunity. KEYWORDS: special education; disabled population. Examines the status of special education programs in Eastern and Southern Africa during the period 1981-1983. Gives suggestions for improvements and analyzes prospects for the future. 5157 Sarone, O. S. Development and Education for Pastoralists: Maasai Responses in East Africa. Montreal, Quebec, Canada: Centre for Developing-Area Studies, McGill University, 1984. 23 pp. SUBJECTS: Formal education, Education policy, Pastoralism. KEYWORDS: Maasai people. 5158 Schmied, Josef, ed. English in East and Central Africa. Bayreuth, West Germany: Bayreuth University, 1989. 97 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Kenya, Zambia. SUBJECTS: Education system, Language policy, Demographic analysis. KEYWORDS: English language. A collection of papers on the use and teaching of English in East Africa, with case studies from Kenya and Zambia.

Central Africa, Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Water supply, Natural resource management. An effort to promote the coordinated development of African water sources. Reviews groundwaterresources and their potential and problems. Describes general African conditions and then addresses groundwater issues in each country except those in West and North Africa. 5165 Waterbury, John. "Legal and Institutional Arrangements for Managing Water Resources in the Nile Basin." In: The Middle East and North Africa: Essays in Honor ofJ.C. Hurewitz, edited by Reeva S. Simon. New York: Middle East Institute, Columbia University, 1990.276-306 pp. ALSOCOVERS: North Africa. SUBJECTS: Legal system, Natural resource management, Water supply, International relations. KEYWORDS: Nile River. Reviews legislation during the past century to govern, control, and alter the flow of the Nile in Africa. Assesses the potential for future development of the basin given those accords. SEE ALSO 13790, 15030.

5159 Tembo, L., M. D. Khalifa, M. Dilgassa, and P. Makhurane, eds. The Development of Higher Education in Eastern and Southern Africa. Nairobi, Kenya: Hedaya, 1985. 261 pp. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Higher education. KEYWORDS: ESAURP (Eastern and Southern African Universities Research Programme). SEE ALSO 919.

Environment

5160 Berry, Leonard. "The role of environmental management in rural development: Eastern Africa." Rural Africana no. 12/13 (Winter/Spring 1981/1982): 21-35. tables. SUBJECTS: Natural resource management, Environmental analysis, Rural development. 5161 Lawson, Rowena. "Problems of fishery management on the East Atlantic coasts of Africa." In: Africa and the Sea: Proceedings of a Colloquium at the University ofAberdeen, March 1984, edited by Jeffrey C. Stone. Aberdeen, UK: Aberdeen University African Studies Group, 1985. 235-257 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Natural resource management, Fishing industry, Environmental analysis, Food production. 5162 Molvaer, Reidulf K. "Environmental cooperation in the Horn of Africa: A UNEP perspective." Bulletin of Peace Proposals 21, no. 2 (1990): 135-142. SUBJECTS: Environmental degradation, Natural resource management, Regional cooperation, National security. KEYWORDS: UNEP (UN Environmental Programme). Describes areas of cooperation for countries in the Horn of Africa in which to manage natural resources and hazards. Argues that such cooperation would enhance national security and public health and possibly end use of the environment as a weapon.

Foreign Relations

5166 Creed, John, and Kenneth Menkhaus. "The rise of Saudi regional power and the foreign policies of Northeast African states." Northeast African Studies 8, no. 2/3 (1986): 1-22. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Sudan, Somalia. SUBJECTS: International relations, Regional security, Foreign policy, Geopolitics, Communism. KEYWORDS: Saudi Arabia-East Africa relations; Israel-Africa relations; USSR-East Africa relations; Red Sea. Maintains that radical Islam, communism, and Israel are the concerns of Saudi foreign policy toward the Northeast African states. Argues that Saudi Arabia has succeeded in influencing Sudan, Somalia, Djibouti, and Kenya to follow a foreign policy favorable to its regional interests but has not influenced Ethiopia. 5167 Gencheng, Liang. "US policy toward the Horn of Africa." Northeast African Studies 6, no. 1/2 (1984): 41-59. ALSO COVERS: Ethiopia, Somalia. SUBJECTS: International relations, International conflict, Geopolitics. KEYWORDS : US-East Africa relations; Carter, Jimmy ; Somalia-Ethiopia relations; Horn of Africa. 5168 Gordon, David F. "Anglophonic Variants: Kenya versus Tanzania." The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 489 (January 1987): 88-102. ALSO COVERS: Kenya, Tanzania. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Foreign trade, Regional security, Export policy, Diplomatic relations. KEYWORDS: IMF; US-Kenya relations; Southern Africa-Tanzania relations; ECA; Kampala Agreement 1964. Argues that Tanzania is heavily involved in diplomacy on Southern Africa issues, while Kenya has become a significant exporter of goods to other Third World countries. Adds that Tanzania has remained nonaligned and distant from the IMF, while Kenya has created close strategic ties to the US and the IMF.

5163 Sparks, Donald. "Regional coastal and marine conservation efforts in East Africa and the Indian Ocean." In: Africa and the Sea: Proceedings of a Colloquium at the University of Aberdeen, March 1984, edited by Jeffrey C. Stone. Aberdeen, UK: Aberdeen University African Studies Group, 1985. 304-316 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Fishing industry, Natural resource management, Environmental degradation, Ecological analysis.

5169 Kjekshus, Helge. "Recipient-oriented evaluation." In: Aid and Development: Some Tanzanian Experiences, edited by Samuel S. Mushi and Helge Kjekshus. Oslo, Norway: Norwegian Institute of International Affairs, 1982. 51-59 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign aid, Policy analysis. KEYWORDS: NORAD (Norwegian Agency for Development); donor agency.

5164 UN Department of Technical Cooperation for Development. Ground Water in Eastern, Central, and Southern Africa. New York: UN, 1989. 320 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. ALSO COVERS:

5170 Legum, Colin. "Le Rôle de l'Union Soviétique dans la corne de l'Afrique." In: La Corne de l'Afrique: questions nationales et politique internationale, edited by Cao-Huy Thuan, Colin Legum,

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Fred Halliday, and Maxine Molyneux. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1986. 95-114 pp. other docs. ALSO COVERS: Ethiopia, Somalia. SUBJECTS: International relations, Strategic policy, Geopolitics. KEYWORDS: Horn of Africa; USSR-Horn of Africa relations; Eritrea; Tigre Region, Ethiopia. Examines the geopolitical and strategic roles of the USSR in the Horn of Africa, in such places as Ethiopia and Somalia, and particularly the Eritrean and Tigre regions of Ethiopia. Addresses the internal political, socioeconomic, and military problems as ultimate consequences of such a policy. 5171 Makinda, Samuel M. "Conflict and the superpowers in the Horn of Africa." Third World Quarterly 4, no. 1 (January 1982): 93-103. ALSO COVERS: Ethiopia, Kenya. SUBJECTS: International relations, Political system, Arms industry, Imperialism, Superpower politics, Self-determination. KEYWORDS: Horn of Africa; USSREast Africa relations. 5172 Makinda, Samuel M. Superpower Diplomacy in the Horn of Africa. London: Croom Helm, 1987. 242 pp. biblio, other docs. SUBJECTS: Superpower politics, International politics, Regional conflict. KEYWORDS: Somalia-Ethiopia relations; USSR-Somalia relations; USSR-Ethiopia relations; US-Somalia relations; USEthiopia relations. Highlights the main issues in superpower involvement in the Horn of Africa. Discusses the international contexts within which USSR and US diplomacy have operated in the region. 5173 Mekbib, G. "United States foreign policy in the Horn of Africa since the Ethiopian ' revolution.'" African Studies Association Papers 25, no. 59 (November 1982): 1-26. ALSO COVERS: Ethiopia, Somalia. SUBJECTS: International relations, Superpower politics, Military aid, Nationalism, Territorial sovereignty. KEYWORDS: Dergue; US-East Africa relations; Horn of Africa. 5174 Olufemi, Kola. "Sino-Soviet rivalry in the Horn." Horn of Africa 6, no. 3 (1983/1984): 16-24. ALSO COVERS: Somalia. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Strategic policy, Foreign trade, Ideologies. KEYWORDS: Horn of Africa; ChinaAfrica relations; USSR-Africa relations; Dergue. 5175 Patman, Robert G. The Soviet Union in the Horn of Africa: The Diplomacy of Intervention and Disengagement. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1990.411 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Ethiopia, Somalia. SUBJECTS: Diplomatic relations, Economic aid, Military aid, International relations. KEYWORDS: Horn of Africa; arms sales; USSR-Africa relations; US-Africa relations; China-Africa relations. Traces the path to USSR withdrawal from the Horn of Africa during the twentieth century. Examines foreign policy shifts from alliances, through the Ethiopian revolution, and to realignment. Analyzes the paradoxes of USSR involvement, as well as the involvement of other countries, such as China, Cuba, and the US. 5176 Tekle, Amare. "Peace and stability in the Horn of Africa: Problems and prospects." Northeast African Studies 11, no. 1 (1989): 75-108. ALSO COVERS: Ethiopia, Somalia. SUBJECTS: Superpower politics, Nationalism, Warfare, Political instability, International relations. KEYWORDS: Horn of Africa; Eritrea; Ethiopia-Somalia relations; EPLF (Eritrean People's Liberation Front). Provides an overview of the causes of political instability in the Horn of Africa. Maintains that the Eritrean conflict and the EthiopianSomali conflict have represented the greatest problems in the past and will continue to do so in the future. Argues that the region's strategic position has caused increased external interference.

5177 Tekle, Amare. 'The Horn of Africa: Myths, misconceptions and reality." Ufahamu 17, no. 3 (Fall 1989): SUBJECTS: Armed conflict, International relations, Superpower politics. KEYWORDS: PMAC (Provisional Military Administrative Council); EPLF (Eritrean People's Liberation Front); UN. Discusses the history of the Eritrean liberation movements from the perspective of the Ethiopian central government. Suggests that the liberation movements have the advantage and cannot be held back by military means. 5178 Thuan, Cao-Huy, Colin Legum, Fred Halliday, and Maxine Molyneux, eds. La Corne de l'Afrique: questions nationales et politique internationale. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1986. 268 pp. biblio, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: International relations, Intervention policy, Military alliance, Foreign aid, National liberation movement. KEYWORDS: US-Horn of Africa relations; USSR-Horn of Africa relations; Horn of Africa. Addresses the political and military problems of countries in the Horn of Africa, such as Ethiopia, Somalia, Djibouti, and Eritrea. Explores international politics in terms of aid and the military alliances of the region with the US and the USSR, as well as their socioeconomic consequences. SEE ALSO 1051, 1164, 1289, 1422, 1423,7242, 10307, 13410.

General

5179 Alabaster, John S. Review of the State of Aquatic Pollution of East African Inland Waters. Rome, Italy: FAO, 1981. 36 pp. tables. S U B J E C T S : E n v i r o n m e n t a l degradation, Fishing industry. KEYWORDS: pollution. 5180 Balachandran, P. K. "Embattled community: Asians in East Africa today." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 80, no. 320 (July 1981): 317-325. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania, Kenya. SUBJECTS: International relations, Trade policy, Ethnic conflict. KEYWORDS: Asian people; Africanization. 5181 Berry, Leonard. Informal Cross-Border Trade in East Africa: Agricultural Products. Worcester, Massachusetts: International Development Program, Clark University, 1983. 9 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural marketing, Market system, Informal sector. KEYWORDS: border relations. 5182 Bhachu, Parminder. Twice Migrants: East African Settlers in Britain. London: Tavistock, 1985. 205 pp. SUBJECTS: Migration, Social change, Capital accumulation, Employment, Marriage. KEYWORDS: Sikh settlers; UK-East Africa relations; dowry. 5183 Bienen, Henry. "The impact of colonialism on modern economic patterns of distribution." In: Imperialism, Colonialism, and Hunger: East and Central Africa, edited by Robert I. Rotberg. Lexington, Massachusetts: Lexington, 1983. 225-249 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Central Africa. SUBJECTS: Income distribution, Dependency theory, Rural-urban relations, Smallholder agriculture. KEYWORDS: Central Province, Kenya; Kikuyu people. 5184 Braukamper, Ulrich. "Ethnic identity and social change among Oromo refugees in the Horn of Africa." Northeast African Studies A, no. 3 (1982/1983): 1-15. ALSO COVERS: Ethiopia, Sudan. SUBJECTS: Social change, Ethnic conflict, Ethnicity, Refugees.

EAST A F R I C A / G e n e r a l KEYWORDS: Horn of Africa; Macha-Tulama Movement; OLF (Ororao Liberation Front); WSLF (Western Somalia Liberation Front); SALF (Sudan African Liberation Front). 5185 Brokensha, David W., and Peter D. Little, eds. Anthropology of Development and Change in East Africa. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1988. 258 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Kenya, Uganda. SUBJECTS: Anthropological analysis, Social change, Community development, Foreign aid, Women and development, Cooperatives, Agricultural development. A collection of articles integrating numerous areas of development and united by an anthropological perspective. Covers topics such as agriculture, health care, population control, and eating habits. 5186 Canetty, Maurice. "Conflits et diplomatie en Afrique de l'Est (décembre 1987-mai 1988)." Afrique contemporaine 147 (1988): 63-66. maps. SUBJECTS : International relations, Conflict, Liberation movement. KEYWORDS: APLS (Armée Populaire de la Libération de Saharaouie); MNS (Mouvement National de Soudan). Focuses on struggles in Sudan and Ethiopia, assessing the role played by outside forces. 5187 Clapham, Christopher. "The Horn of Africa." In: Politics and Government in African States 1980-1985, edited by Peter Duignan and Robert H. Jackson. London: Croom Helm, 1986. 253-282 pp. SUBJECTS: Political violence, Political development, Decolonization, H i s t o r i c a l analysis, National identity, Cultural identity. KEYWORDS: Horn of Africa; OAU; Christian-Islamic conflict. Argues that the posteolonial development of the Horn of Africa has differed from that of the majority of African states because of historical notions of statehood that existed before colonial partition. Discusses the high levels of interstate and intrastate violence as a function of differing colonial structures placed on top of existing structures. 5188 Donley, Linda W. "Swahili material culture." In: Transition and Continuity of Identity in East Africa and Beyond: In Memoriam David Miller, edited by Elisabeth Linnebuhr. Bayreuth, West Germany: Bayreuth University, 1989. 55-65 pp. SUBJECTS: Cultural policy, Research methodology, Women's studies. Examines the culture of the Swahili peoples of East Africa. Highlights ethnographic, historical, architectural, and archaeological data to explore the active role that material culture played as a structuring agent in society. 5189 Eltayeb, Kamil. Case Study of the Treaty Establishing a Preferential Trade Area for Eastern and Southern African States. Geneva, Switzerland: Université de Genève, 1984. 209 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Trade relations, Economic integration, International economic relations. KEYWORDS : PT A (Preferential Trade Area for Eastern and S outhern Africa); ESAPTA Treaty of 1983. 5190 Fair, T. J. D. "Rural development policy in East and Southern Africa as a counter to rural-urban migration." Development Southern Africa 1 (October 1990): 451-465. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Rural-urban migration, Case study, Government regulation. Asks how governments can prevent overurbanization. Presents case studies from African governments that have attempted to develop their rural areas and stem the rural-to-urban flow. Includes Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Swaziland, and Botswana. 5191 Freeman, Linda. "CIDA and agriculture in East and Central Africa." In: The Politics of Agriculture in Tropical Africa, edited by Jonathan Barker. Beverly Hills, California: Sage, 1984. 99-123 pp.

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biblio. ALSO COVERS: Central Africa. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Food production, Development theory, Scientific research. KEYWORDS : CIDA (Canadian International Development Agency) ; Canada-Africa relations; wheat; sorghum; MFC (Mechanized Farming Corporation). 5192 Galaty, John G. "Pastoralisme, sédentarisation et état en Afrique de l'Est." Politique africaine no. 34 (June 1989): 39-50. SUBJECTS: Pastoralism, State politics, Case study. KEYWORDS: sedentarization; Turkana people. Clarifies sedentarization policies in East Africa and presents a case study of sedentarization in Northwest Kenya. Claims that the real risk in the policy is to determine the role of the agents of change in stopping pastoralism. 5193 Gasarasi, C. P. "A cooperative approach to development." In: The Nile Valley Countries: Continuity and Change, edited by M. O. Beshir. Khartoum, Sudan: Institute of African and Asian Studies, University of Khartoum, 1984. 101-132 pp. SUBJECTS: Regional integration, Economic development. KEYWORDS: KBO (Kagera Basin Organization); UNCTAD. 5194 Gorman, Robert F. Political Conflict on the Horn of Africa. New York: Praeger, 1981. 253 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Ethiopia, Somalia. SUBJECTS: Border conflict, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: Somalia-Ethiopia relations; US-Horn of Africa relations; WSLF (Western Somalia Liberation Front); USSR-Horn of Africa relations. 5195 Gulhati, Ravi, and Raj Nallari. "Reform of foreign aid policies: The issue of inter-country allocation in Africa." World Development 16, no. 10 (October 1988): 1167-1184. tables. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Foreign aid policy, Population distribution, Resource distribution. KEYWORDS: IDA (International Development Association). Assesses the allocation of foreign aid by selected donors to eighteen recipients in Eastern and Southern Africa. Compares the IDA allocation with other donors'. Analyzes several current aid policies and coordination efforts. Suggests that new initiatives in allocation by IDA can yield some progress. 5196 Henze, Paul B. Is There Hope for the Horn of Africa? Reflections on the Political and Economic Impasses. Santa Monica, California: Rand, 1988. 25 pp. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Regional conflict, Superpower politics, National development, Communism. KEYWORDS: USSR-Africa relations; Horn of Africa; US-Africa relations. Assesses the present condition and future prospects of the countries of the Horn of Africa. Argues that the most outstanding need of these countries is peace and that their only hope is the adoption of economic policies that will attract foreign aid and investment. Recommends that the US help set up a peace commission to resolve military conflict in the region. 5197 Henze, Paul B. The United States and the Horn ofAfrica: History and Current Challenge. Santa Monica, California: Rand, 1990. 36 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Political history. KEYWORDS: US-Horn of Africa relations; US-Sudan relations; USEthiopia relations; US-Somalia relations; US-Djibouti relations. Surveys US relationships with Horn of Africa countries: Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia, and Djibouti, particularly in the post-WWII period. 5198 Homewood, Katherine, and W. A. Rodgers. "Pastoralism, conservation and the overgrazing controversy." In: Conservation in Africa: People, Policies, and Practice, edited by David Anderson and Richard Grove. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987. I l l -

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128 pp. SUBJECTS: Pastoralism, Natural resource management. KEYWORDS: Baringo District, Kenya; Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Tanzania. Discusses the issue of pastoralism and its impact on the environment. Uses Baringo District, Kenya, and the Ngorongoro Conservation Area as case studies. 5199 Inganji, Francis K. Status of Information and Documentation Services in Eastern and Southern Africa and Future Prospects. Bonn, West Germany: German Foundation for International Development, 1983.122 pp. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Education policy, Mass media. KEYWORDS: SADIS (Southern African Documentation and Information System); libraries. 5200 Jacobs, Alan H. "Fire-making and political authority among the pastoral Maasai of East Africa." African Studies Association Papers 24, no. 47/69 (1981): 1-10. SUBJECTS: Political power, Traditional society, Women's rights. KEYWORDS: Maasai people. 5201 Jargstorf, Benjamin. ' T o squander and gain at the same time: Technology and prestige in a Swahili City State." In: Transition and Continuity of Identity in East Africa and Beyond: In Memoriam David Miller, edited by Elisabeth Linnebuhr. Bayreuth, West Germany: Bayreuth University, 1989.225-241 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Technology, Historical analysis, Underdevelopment, Social stratification. KEYWORDS: Swahili people; waungwana (ruling class). Gives an explanation of how technology, through the prestige it gains, enabled the ruling class of Swahili society to establish social order among themselves and other strata of their society. Asserts that the development of technology neither occurs inevitably or automatically nor promises progress in the development of humankind per se, but that technology is determined by the will and needs of the ruling classes and reflects the nature of the existing social order. 5202 Johnson, R. Larry. ' T h e strategic renewal of East African public enterprises." Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review 3, no. 2 (June 1987): 25-40. SUBJECTS: State-owned enterprise, Public sector, Management, Development planning. Discusses planning to renew public enterprises in East Africa. Highlights problems and issues facing such a renewal and emphasizes the need for participation. 5203 Kendie, Daniel. "Northeast Africa and the world economic order." Northeast African Studies 10, no. 1 (1988): 69-82. SUBJECTS: International economic relations, Historical analysis, Trade relations. KEYWORDS: Northeast Africa; New International Economic Order; UN Monetary and Financial Conference 1944; Bretton Woods. Reviews the historical background that led to establishment of a global economic system. Discusses why the need arose for the NIEO and the prospects within it for the countries of Northeast Africa. 5204 King, Kenneth. Education, Science and Technology Research in Eastern Africa. Edinburgh, UK: Centre of African Studies, Edinburgh University, 1984. 30 pp. SUBJECTS: Higher education, Technology, Scientific research. KEYWORDS: engineering. 5205 Linnebuhr, Elisabeth, ed. Transition and Continuity of Identity in East Africa and Beyond: In Memoriam David Miller. Bayreuth, West Germany: Bayreuth University, 1989. 490 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Cultural policy, Technology, Colonialism, Resistance movement, Pastoralism, Children, Women's studies. KEYWORDS: Tana River District, Kenya; Zigua people; Ngulu people. Provides a historical analysis of East African society. Focuses on aspects of social control among the Ayizo people of Benin. Explores

the traditional rearing of young girls among the Zigua and Ngulu of Tanzania. Touches upon the role of cloth and social and economic change in Tanzania. Examines the conflicting aims and strategies of the pastoral nomads and development agents of East Africa. 5206 Little, Peter D., and David W. Brokensha. "Local institutions, tenure and resource management in East Africa." In: Conservation in Africa: People, Policies, and Practice, edited by David Anderson and Richard Grove. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987. 193-210 pp. SUBJECTS: Natural resource management, Land tenure system, Local government. KEYWORDS: Maasai people; D Chamus people. Uses the environmental mangement systems of the Maasai and II Chamus peoples to demonstrate the contrast with the current environmental management systems used in Kenya. Suggests that the traditional indigenous systems of management be reexamined as sources of knowledge. 5207 Liviga, A. J., S. M. Hyera, M. Rugyendo, and Samuel S. Mushi. "Case of Tanzania Coastal Shipping Line." In: Aid and Development: Some Tanzanian Experiences, edited by Samuel S. Mushi and Helge Kjekshus. Oslo, Norway: Norwegian Institute of International Affairs, 1982.96-119 pp. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Transportation system, Industrial development, Labor force, Regional development. KEYWORDS: Mtwara Region, Tanzania; Tanzania Coast Shipping Line; EAHC (East African Harbours Corporation); shipping; water transportation. 5208 Markakis, John. National and Class Conflict in the Horn of Africa. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1987. 314 pp. biblio, maps. SUBJECTS: Revolutionary movement, Socialist government, Nationalism, Civil war, Class conflict. KEYWORDS: TPLF (Tigray People's Liberation Front); EPLF (Eritrean People's Liberation Front); SPLA (Sudan People's Liberation Army). Outlines the history of colonialism and nationalism in the Horn, briefly describing the land and the people of the area. Analyzes the recent impact of the Eritrean revolution, the Somali unification struggle, and the revolution in the southern Sudan on the "garrison socialism" of the respective ruling regimes in each country. 5209 Mascarenhas, Ophelia. River Basin Development in Eastern Africa: A Preliminary Appraisal. Worcester, Massachusetts: International Development Program, Clark University, 1982. 36 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Irrigation, Energy industry. KEYWORDS: river development; hydroelectric energy; dams. 5210 Miller, E. Willard, and Ruby M. Miller, eds. The Third WorldEast Africa: A Bibliography. Monticello, Illinois: Vance, 1990. 31 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Economic analysis, Political analysis, Sociological analysis. Provides a bibliography on the economic, political, and social conditions of East Africa. Focuses on the countries of Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, Malawi, and Kenya. 5211 Mohiddin, Ahmed. "L'Expérience de la communauté de l'Afrique de l'Est dans le contexte du Plan d'Action de Lagos." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 7, no. 1/2 (1982): 78-91. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Rural development, Self-sufficient economy. KEYWORDS: Lagos Plan of Action 1980. 5212 Munro, J. Forbes. "British rubber companies in East Africa before the First World War." In: Actes du Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique: XIX et XX siècles, volume 1, edited by Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique, XIX et XX siècles. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1983. 323-334 pp. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Cash crop production, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: rubber.

EAST A F R I C A / H e a l t h •

5213 Nkononki, Simon R., and S. S. A. Ngware. "Regional development of transport and telecommunications networks in Eastern Africa: The case of Kagera Basin Organization (KBO)." In: Regional Development at the International Level: African and, Canadian Perspectives, edited by Timothy M. Shaw and Yash Tandon. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1985. 75-91 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Regional development, Transportation system, Mass communication. KEYWORDS: KBO (Kagera Basin Organization); East African Community. 5214 Okoth-Ogendo, H. W. O, ed. Approaches to Rural Transformation in Eastern Africa. Nairobi, Kenya: Bookwise, 1981. 229 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Land distribution, Migration, Decentralization. KEYWORDS: Ujamaa ideology, Tanzania. 5215 Omosule, Monome. "Kalenjin: The emergence of a corporate name for the Nandi-speaking tribes of East Africa." Geneve Afrique/Geneva Africa 27, no. 1 (1989): 73-88. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Ethnicity, Language policy, Ethnic politics. KEYWORDS: Kalenjin people; Nandi language. Analyzes the process by which several Nande-speaking entities came together and assumed the new, corporate name of Kalenjin in East Africa. Claims that this act made the Nande-speaking peoples into a major ethnic group in Kenya. Examines the significance of these developments for the Kalenjin and for Kenya. 5216 Ranger, Terence. Towards a Radical Practice of Academic Freedom: The Experience of East and Central Africa. Cape Town, RSA: University of Cape Town, 1981.23 pp. ALSO COVERS: Central Africa. SUBJECTS: Education policy, Freedom of expression. 5217 Rigby, Peter. Persistent Pastoralists: Nomadic Societies in Transition. London: Zed, 1985. 198 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Pastoralism, Anthropological analysis. KEYWORDS: Ilparakuyo people. 5218 Sampson IE, Martin W. International Policy Coordination: Issues in OPEC andEACM. Denver, Colorado: University of Denver, 1982.135 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International economic relations, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: OPEC; East African Common Market. 5219 Schlee, Giinther. "The orientation of progress: Conflicting aims and strategies of pastoral nomads and development agents in East Africa; A problem survey." In: Transition and Continuity of Identity in East Africa and Beyond: In Memoriam David Miller, edited by Elisabeth Linnebuhr. Bayreuth, West Germany: Bayreuth University, 1989. 397-450 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Pastoralism, Ecological analysis, Cultural policy, Marketing, Development planning. KEYWORDS: nomadic people. Examines the impact of the pastoral nomads of East Africa on development. Focuses on the conflicting aims between development and the pastoral nomads. Touches upon the ecological hazards of the pastoral system. Assesses the likelihood of cultural adaptation by the nomads to ecological restraints. 5220 Shao, John. "Villagization program and the disruption of the ecological balance in Tanzania." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 20, no. 2 (1986): 219-239. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Village development, Ecological analysis, Land-use policy. KEYWORDS: Ujamaa villages, Tanzania. Analyzes the villagization program imposed on the traditional patterns of land use in both fertile and dry regions. Demonstrates that the program forced millions of farmers to abandon their production systems. Argues that the process to reverse land privatization exacer-

347

bated ecological problems. 5221 Sharma, Veena. "East Africa: Crisis of many dimensions." In: Africa: Dimensions of the Economic Crisis, edited by Shanti Sadiq Ali and Anirudha Gupta. London: Oriental University Press, 1987. 51-70 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Infrastructure, Economic dependency, Population growth, Agricultural policy, Political instability, Socioeconomic analysis. Emphasizes that a weak infrastructure, a population explosion, and the misplaced policies of the East African governments have aggravated the socioeconomic policies toward the region. Maintains that the economic crisis has resulted in a reexamination of developmental policies and socioeconomic goals. 5222 Smock, David R. "Eritrean refugees in the Sudan." The Journal of Modern African Studies 20, no. 3 (September 1982): 451-465. tables. ALSO COVERS: Sudan, Ethiopia. SUBJECTS: Foreign aid, Refugee migration. KEYWORDS: Eritrea; ELF (Eritrean Liberation Front); EPLF (Eritrean People's Liberation Front). 5223 Southall, Aidan. "Power, sanctity, and symbolism in the political economy of the Nilotes." In: Creativity of Power: Cosmology and Action in African Societies, edited by W. Arens and Ivan Karp. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989. 189-222 pp. SUBJECTS: Ethnicity, Behavioral analysis, Ecological analysis, State formation. KEYWORDS: Alur people. Situates the idioms of power manifested in rite and symbol in the necessities of appropriating nature and social and physical reproduction. States that boundaries constructed between ethnic groups are fundamentally a source of authority and a means of social production. 5224 UNESCO. Comparative Study on the National Science and Technology Policy-Making Bodies in the Countries of Eastern and Southern Africa. Paris: UNESCO, 1987. 186 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Scientific research, Technological development, National planning policy. A report from a conference on the status of science and technology policy-making in Eastern and Southern Africa. Comprises country reports by fifteen nations, outlining their present status in regard to science and technology issues. Includes conclusions and recommendations by conference participants, who assess current problems and future requirements. 5225 Vitta, Paul B. "Development research in Eastern and Southern Africa: Some issues for the 1990s." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 14, no. 2 (1989): 87-99. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Development theory, Scientific research. KEYWORDS: IMF. Asks what new strategies development research should adopt in the future given the current economic, political, social, and natural crises in Africa. Describes research constraints, especially in the realm of resources. SEE ALSO 1582, 1918, 1934, 5476, 5477, 5478, 13486, 13487, 13552, 13553, 13813, 14379, 14710, 15049, 15083, 15096, 15118, 15139,15549.

Health

5226 Koech, Michael Kiporir. "Rural development: Food storage and nutrition education in East Africa." African Studies Association Papers 25, no. 51 (November 1982): 1-19. tables. ALSO COVERS:

3 4 8 • EAST A F R I C A / H e a l t h Kenya, Ghana. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Malnutrition, Food policy, Infant mortality, Agricultural extension service, Health education, Literacy. KEYWORDS: food preservation; storage; agricultural education; grain; milk. 5227 Muller, A. S., F. Kamunvi, E. P. Hoare, and J. Mugasha, eds. A Bibliography of Health and Disease in East Africa. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier, 1988. 282 pp. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Public health, Health service. Contains references for works from the turn of the century to 1973 that are currently available in East African universities. The largest percentage of citations are from periodicals and institutional reports.

Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press, 1987. 74 pp. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Political history, Traditional society, Cultural identity. KEYWORDS: Kalenjin people. Covers the ethnographic, linguistic, economic, political, and historical literature concerning the Kalenjin-speaking people of Kenya and Uganda. Contains 604 references and a subject index.

Migration

SEE ALSO 2379.

Household and Family Military Affairs 5228 Kilbride, Philip Leroy, and Janet Capriotti Kilbride. Changing Family Life in East Africa: Women and Children at Risk. University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1990. 271 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Family, Children, Anthropological analysis, Socioeconomic analysis, W o m e n ' s studies. KEYWORDS: polygamy; child abuse. Illustrates, using ethnographic description, how children in East Africa are now experiencing a more threatened existence. Examines social relationships, child abuse, and quality-of-life issues.

Human/Civil Rights

SEE ALSO 15167.

Industry

SEE ALSO 15177.

Legal System

5229 Makonnen, Yilma. International Law and the New States of Africa: A Study of the International Legal Problems of State Succession in the Newly Independent States of East Africa. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: UNESCO, 1983. 575 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: International law, Law, Self-determination, Political succession, Independence movement, State formation.

Media and Culture

5230 Daniels, Robert E., Mari H. Clark, and Timothy J. McMillan, eds. A Bibliography of the Kalenjin Peoples of East Africa. Madison,

5231 Bukarambe, Bukar. "Zone of peace or strategic primacy: Politics of security in the Indian Ocean." Bulletin of Peace Proposals 16, no. 1 (1985): 51-59. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Military policy, International relations, Regional security. KEYWORDS: Indian Ocean; militarization; UN zone of peace resolution 1971. 5232 Gorman, Robert F. "Prospects for reconciliation in the Horn of Africa." Horn of Africa 4, no. 4 (1981/1982): 3-14. ALSO COVERS: Zimbabwe. SUBJECTS: International relations, Regional conflict, Military intervention. KEYWORDS: Horn of Africa; WSLF (Western Somalia Liberation Front); Ethiopia-Somalia relations. 5233 Keller, Edmond J. "United States foreign policy on the Horn of Africa: Policymaking with blinders on." In: African Crisis Areas and U.S. Foreign Policy, edited by Gerald J. Bender, James S. Coleman, and Richard L. Sklar. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, 1985. 178-193 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, Armed conflict, Military aid. KEYWORDS: USEthiopia relations; Carter, Jimmy; US-Somalia relations. 5234 Khan, Jooneed. "Diego Garcia: The militarization of an Indian Ocean island." In: African Islands and Enclaves, edited by Robin Cohen. Beverly Hills, California: Sage, 1983. 165-194 pp. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Strategic policy, Military intervention. KEYWORDS: Diego Garcia; US-Diego Garcia relations. 5235 Ogunbadejo, Oye. "Diego Garcia and Africa's security." Third World Quarterly 4, no. 1 (January 1982): 104-120. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Military policy, National security. KEYWORDS: Diego Garcia; OAU; US Rapid Deployment Force. 5236 Ottaway, Marina. "Superpower competition and regional conflicts in the Horn of Africa." In: The Soviet Impact in Africa, edited by R. Craig Nation and Mark V. Kauppi. Lexington, Massachusetts: Lexington, 1984. 165-193 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Ethiopia, Somalia. SUBJECTS: Conflict resolution, Superpower politics, Political parties, Conflict. KEYWORDS: Horn of Africa; SRC (Supreme Revolutionary Council); WSLF (Western Somalia Liberation Front); Haile Selassie I. 5237 Ratliff, William E. Follow the Leader in the Horn: The SovietCuban Presence in East Africa. Washington, DC: Cuban American

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National Foundation, 1986.22 pp. SUBJECTS: Military intervention, Political history, Foreign policy, Military alliance, Independence movement. KEYWORDS: USSR-Ethiopia relations; Cuba-Ethiopia relations; Ogaden War 1977-1978; Eritrean War 1978-1985. Discusses Cuban and USSR military support of the Ethiopian government during 1977-1985 in the wars against the Eritrean and Somalian independence movements. Clarifies that the report—funded by the Cuban American National Foundation—is intended for American readers.

COVERS: Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Decentralization, Development theory, Development planning, Socialism, Case study, Government bureaucracy. KEYWORDS: participatory planning. Contains various articles concerning decentralization of the development process in Eastern and Southern Africa in an effort to determine the policy's effectiveness as a strategy. Examines popular participation levels as the authors promote the idea that such participation leads to higher success rates among various development programs.

5238 Sheth, V. S. 'The Horn of Africa: Problems of security and development." In: Africa: Dimensions of the Economic Crisis, edited by Shanti Sadiq Ali and Anirudha Gupta. London: Oriental University Press, 1987. 71-80 pp. SUBJECTS: Border conflict, Geopolitics, National security, International relations, Economic development, Refugees. KEYWORDS: patron-client relations, Horn of Africa. Analyzes security environments in the Horn of Africa region. Suggests that developmental problems are aggravated by superpower involvement in a region torn by ethnic violence, border conflicts, and secessionist wars. Concludes that the states in the Horn are compelled to maintain a client relationship with their patron states: the US, the USSR, and France.

5242 Gregory, Robert G. "Co-operation and collaboration in colonial East Africa: The Asians' political role, 1890-1964." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 80, no. 319 (April 1981): 259-273. SUBJECTS: International relations, Leadership analysis, Nationalist movement, Political parties, Political alliance. KEYWORDS: Asia-Africa relations.

SEE ALSO 6128.

Planning and Development

5239 Schmetzer, Hartmut. "Slum upgrading and sites and services schemes under different political circumstances : Experience from East Africa." African Urban Quarterly 2, no. 3 (August 1987): 276-286. tables. ALSO COVERS: Kenya, Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Squatter community, Land-use policy, Land tenure system, Urban development. KEYWORDS: Dandora housing project; Manzese neighborhood, Dar es Salaam; Sinza neighborhood, Dar es Salaam; sites-and-services scheme. Explores the effects of the land tenure system in Kenya and Tanzania on World Bank-financed low-cost housing projects. Argues that the slum-upgrading projects in Tanzania were more successful than those in Kenya, whereas the sites-and-services component in Kenya was more highly regarded.

5243 Johnson, Michael, and Trish Johnson. "Eritrea: The national question and the logic of protracted struggl s." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 80, no. 319 (April 1981): 181-195. ALSO COVERS: Ethiopia. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Military government, Liberation movement, Historical analysis, Socialist economy. KEYWORDS: Dergue; ELF (Eritrean Liberation Front); EPLF (Eritrean People's Liberation Front); Eritrea. 5244 Makonnen, Yilma. The Nyerere Doctrine of State Succession and the New States of East Africa. Arusha, Tanzania: East Africa, 1984.188 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Political analysis, Political theory, Political s u c c e s s i o n , International law, State f o r m a t i o n . KEYWORDS: Nyerere, Julius K. 5245 Miller, E. Willard, and Ruby M. Miller, eds. Tropical, Eastern and Southern Africa: A Bibliography of the Third World. Monticello, Illinois: Vance, 1981. 82 pp. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Public administration, State politics, International politics, Economic policy, Armed forces. 5246 Srinivasan, Padma. "Ethnicity and political development in East Africa." In: Development Issues in Africa, edited by Priya Mutalik-Desai. Bombay, India: Himalaya, 1982. 289-304 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania, Kenya. SUBJECTS: Ethnicity, Political development, Federalism, Political parties. KEYWORDS: KADU (Kenya African Democratic Union); presidentialism. SEE ALSO 6655, 9981,10401,15210.

5240 Vincent, Joan. Teso in Transformation: The Political Economy of Peasant and Class in Eastern Africa. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, 1982.307 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Uganda. SUBJECTS: Political economy studies, Hegemony, National development, Colonialism, Underdevelopment, Peasant class. KEYWORDS: Teso Region, Uganda; Bukeddi Region, Uganda.

Population

SEE ALSO 3102.

SEE ALSO 2584, 13621, 15197.

Regionalism/Nationalism Politics

5241 de Valk, P., and K. H. Wekwete, eds. Decentralization for Participatory Planning? Comparing the Experiences of Zimbabwe and Other Anglophone Countries in Eastern and Southern Afica. Aldershot, UK: Avebury, 1990. 275 pp. tables, maps. ALSO

5247 Anjaria, Shailendra J., Sena Eken, and John F. Laker. Payments Arrangements and the Expansion of Trade in Eastern and Southern Africa. Washington, DC: IMF, 1982. 52 pp. tables, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Economic cooperation, Economic integration, Regional economics,

350

• EAST A F R I C A / R e g i o n a l i s m / N a t i o n a l i s m

Trade policy, Export policy, Import policy. KEYWORDS: PTA (Preferential Trade Area).

African Common Market; East African Development Bank; Lomé Convention 1975; Arusha Declaration 1967.

5248 Hall, Susan. The Preferential Trade Area (PTA)for Eastern and Southern African States: Strategy, Progress, and Problems. Nairobi, Kenya: Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi, 1987. 58 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Regional cooperation, Trade relations, Foreign trade, Economic integration. KEYWORDS: PTA (Preferential Trade Area). Discusses the reasons for the creation of the PTA of Eastern and Southern African States. Describes the progress that has been made since inception of the the trade area in July 1984 and assesses problems that were encountered. Focuses primarily on subregional trade and trade-related issues.

5255 Perret, Michel. "Nationalisme et auto-détermination dans la corne de l'Afrique." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 215/216 (1983): 32-38. ALSO COVERS: Ethiopia, Somalia. SUBJECTS: Nationalism, Self-determination. KEYWORDS: Horn of Africa; Eritrea; Oromo people.

5249 Lewis, I. M., ed. Nationalism and Self-Determination in the Horn of Africa. London: Ithaca, 1983. 228 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Nationalism, Self-determination, Regional conflict, Nationalist movement. KEYWORDS: Horn of Africa; Dergue; OAU; Eritrea. 5250 Martin, Guy. "Une Nouvelle expérience d'intégration régionale en Afrique: la zone d'échanges préférentiels (ZEP) des états de l'Afrique de l'Est et de l'Afrique Australe." Africa Development/Afrique et développement 13, no. 4 (1988): 5-18. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Regional integration, Trade relations, Economic cooperation. KEYWORDS: PTA (Preferential Trade Area); OAU; ECOWAS. Describes the PTA for Eastern and Southern Africa as a group of fifteen states aiming to create an economic community. Argues that the PTA has achieved a great deal and that further development depends on whether stronger states such as Kenya and Zimbabwe make concessions. 5251 Mazzeo, Domenico. "The experience of the East African Community: Implications for the theory and practice of regional cooperation in Africa." In: African Regional Organizations, edited by Domenico Mazzeo. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1984. 150-170 pp. SUBJECTS: Regional cooperation, Economic integration, Ideological conflict, Uneven development, Nationalism. KEYWORDS: East African Community; East African Common Market; Treaty for East African Cooperation 1967. 5252 Mbogoro, D. A. K. "Regional grouping and economic development: Some lessons from the East African Integration Scheme." In: Economic Cooperation and Integration in Africa, edited by W. A. Ndongko. Dakar, Senegal: CODESRIA, 1985. 229-253 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic integration, Regional integration, Regional development, Case study. KEYWORDS: East African Integration Scheme; East African Community. 5253 Nabudere, D. Wadada. "Transnational and regional integration in East Africa." In: Regional Development at the International Level: African and Canadian Perspectives, edited by Timothy M. Shaw and Yash Tandon. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1985. 55-74 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic integration, Regional development, International politics, Regional integration. KEYWORDS: East African Community; World Bank; IMF. 5254 Nabudere, Dan Wadada. Imperialism in East Africa: Volume 2: Imperialism and Integration. Vol. 2 of 2. London: Zed, 1982. 188 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic integration, Economic cooperation, C o l o n i a l i s m , Imperialism, Trade relations, Nation-state, Neocolonialism. KEYWORDS: UK-East Africa relations; East

5256 Umbricht, Victor H. Multilateral Mediation: Practical Experience and Lessons. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff, 1989. 429 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Conflict resolution, International law, Economic integration, Regional cooperation. KEYWORDS: Treaty for East African Cooperation 1967. Discusses the successful mediation of the dispute between former members of the East African Community after the collapse of that community in 1977 (written by the leader of the UN delegation that led that mediation process). Aims at creating a better understanding of the mediation process by building bridges between theory and practice. SEE ALSO 13659, 13663, 15276.

Religion

5257 Mazrui, Ali A., and Teshome Wagaw. "The case of education and culture conflict in Eastern Africa." Présence africaine 117/118 (1981): 209-238. biblio. SUBJECTS: Christianity, Colonialism, Education policy, Traditional society, Islam. SEE ALSO 14017.

Rural Development

SEE ALSO 6715.

Social Movement

5258 Selassie, Bereket H. 'The American dilemma on the Horn." In: African Crisis Areas and U.S. Foreign Policy, edited by Gerald J. Bender, James S. Coleman, and Richard L. Sklar. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, 1985.163-177 pp. SUBJECTS: Liberation movement, Socialist revolution, Foreign policy, Superpower politics. KEYWORDS: US-Ethiopia relations; US-Somalia relations.

Socioeconomic Analysis

SEE ALSO 14566.

EQUATORIAL GUINEA/Economics

Technology

5259 IRDC (International Development Research Center). Proceedings of the Regional Workshop on Wood Energy in East Africa: Nairobi, Kenya, 5-8 October 1982. Ottawa, Canada: IRDC (International Development Research Center), 1983. 241 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Appropriate technology, Forestry industry, Technological development. KEYWORDS: firewood; charcoal; wood stoves.

Trade

5260 Okoth, P. Godfrey. "The Preferential Trade Area for Eastern and Southern African States and its East African community heritage." Journal of Eastern African Research and Development 20 (1990): 162-185. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Trade relations. KEYWORDS: EAC (East African Community); PTA (Preferential Trade Area for Eastern and Southern Africa). Addresses the ongoing attempts to create a common market for East Africa. Examines the reasons why the EAC was abandoned and the reasons for the emergence of the PTA in its place. Proposes lessons from the EAC experience for the PTA. 5261 Puffer, Frank. Informal Markets: Smuggling in East Africa: A Preliminary Discussion. Worcester, Massachusetts: International Development Program, Clark University, 1982. 20 pp. SUBJECTS: Trade policy, Export market, Crime, Taxation policy, Informal sector. KEYWORDS: smuggling.

Urban Development

5262 Curutchet, Mirina. Bibliography on Human Settlements in Developing Countries. References with Relevance to Eastern Africa, vol. 1 of 3. Lund, Sweden: University of Lund School of Architecture, 1982. 224 pp. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Urban planning policy, Urban

• 351

development, Village development. KEYWORDS: settlement pattern. 5263 Stren, R. "L'Etat au risque de la ville." Politique africaine no. 17 (March 1985): 74-87. SUBJECTS: Urbanization, Urban development, Urban politics. SEE ALSO 3507, 6740, 14573, 15302.

Women and Gender

5264 Lovett, Margot. "Gender relations, class formation, and the colonial state in Africa." In: Women and the State in Africa, edited by Jane L. Parpart and Kathleen A. Staudt. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1989. 23-46 pp. ALSO COVERS: Central Africa, Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Class formation, Gender relations, Women's economic role. KEYWORDS: social reproduction. Argues that class and state formation are gendered processes that have differential impacts on men and women. Focuses on Eastern, Central, and Southern Africa. Analyzes colonial capitalist accumulation and social control in terms of generating production and reproduction. 5265 Meghji, Zakia, Ramadhan Meghji, and Clement Kwayu. The Woman Co-operator and Development: Experiences from Eastern, Central and Southern Africa. Nairobi, Kenya: Maarifa, 1985. 127 pp. ALSO COVERS: Central Africa, Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Women and development, Cooperatives, Women's economic role. KEYWORDS: Transnzoia Consumers' Co-operative Society Ltd.; Dawida Consumer's Co-operative Society; Jitegemee Tailors' Cooperative Society. 5266 Wadsworth, Gail M. Women in Development: A Bibliography of Materials Available in the Library and Documentation Centre, Eastern and Southern African Management Institute. 2nded. Arusha, Tanzania: Eastern and Southern African Management Institute, 1982. 26 pp. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Women and development, Women's economic role. KEYWORDS: Eastern and Southern African Management Institute. SEE ALSO 14581.

EQUATORIAL GUINEA Colonialism

KEYWORDS: PUN (Parti Unique National); Macias Nguema, Francisco; Mongomo District, Equatorial Guinea; Ndongo, Miyone Atanasio.

5267 Liniger-Goumaz, Max. Guinée Equatoriale: de la dictature des colons à la dictature des colonels. Geneva, Switzerland: Temps, 1982. 227 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Decolonization, Political repression, Authoritarian government. KEYWORDS: Macias Nguema, Francisco; Nguema, Obiang; fascism.

Economics

5268 Nchama, C. M. Eya. "La Décolonisation de la Guinée Equatoriale et le problème des réfugiés." Genève Afrique/Geneva Africa 20, no. 1 (1982): 73-128. tables. SUBJECTS: Decolonization, Refugees, Colonialism, North-South relations, Political repression.

5269 Liniger-Goumaz, Max. "Guinée Equatoriale et zone franc: réflexions sur un système monétaire et une récupération." Genève Afrique/Geneva Africa 23, no. 2 (1985): 57-78. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Monetary policy. KEYWORDS: CFA

352

• EQUATORIAL GUINEA/Economics

monetary area; Nguema, Obiang; Macias Nguema, Francisco; donor agency. 5270 Mettelin, Pierre. "L'Elagissement de la zone franc: l'adhésion de la Guinée Equatoriale." Année africaine (1984): 243-246. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Monetary policy, Economic integration. KEYWORDS: BEAC (Banque des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale); UDEAC (Union Douanière et Economique d'Afrique Centrale); CFA monetary area.

Education

5271 Rouquairol, Pierre. "L'Enseignement en Guinée Equatoriale avant août 1979." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 203/204 (1983): 129-143. tables. SUBJECTS: Secondary education, Education policy, Primary education.

General

5272 Liniger-Goumaz, M a x . Brève histoire de la Guinée Equatoriale. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1988. 216 pp. biblio, maps. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Colonialism, Independence movement, Authoritarian government. KEYWORDS: Macias Nguema, Francisco; Spain-Equatorial Guinea relations; AFP (Agence France Presse); ANRD (Alianza Nacional de Restauración Democrática). Draws on historical accounts to examine the political situation in Equatorial Guinea. Describes the country from the time of its eighteenth-century European colonialism to its independence in 1968 f r o m Spain, with the implementation of local and national authoritarian rule by Francisco Macias Nguema and his family. 5273 Liniger-Goumaz, Max. De la Guinée Equatoriale nguemiste: éléments pour le dossier de l'afro-fascisme. Geneva, Switzerland: Temps, 1983.264 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: International politics, Political development, Political repression. KEYWORDS: fascism; Macias Nguema, Francisco; Nguema, Obiang. 5274 Liniger-Goumaz, Max. Historical Dictionary of Equatorial Guinea. Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow, 1988. 238 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Biography, Geographical analysis. Lists and defines places, people, organizations, and events in Equatorial Guinea and their significance for the history of the country. Provides a chronology of events from 1500 through the 1980s. 5275 Liniger-Goumaz, Max. "La Guinée Equatoriale." Peuples noirs;peuples africains 4, no. 24 (November/December 1981): 11-51. SUBJECTS: Economic crisis, Political repression. KEYWORDS: Macias Nguema, Francisco; Nguema, Obiang. 5276 Liniger-Goumaz, Max. "La Guinée Equatoriale: l'enfer de la terreur nguemiste." Peuples noirs; peuples africains 5, no. 25 (January/February 1982): 67-82. SUBJECTS: Military government, Political repression. KEYWORDS: Nguema, Obiang; Macias Nguema, Francisco. 5277 Liniger-Goumaz, Max. "Les Rapports d'Amnesty International et la désinformation: l'exemple de la Guinée Equatoriale." Genève Afrique/Geneva Africa 24, no. 2 (1986): 137-146. SUBJECTS: Democracy, Human rights. KEYWORDS: Macias Nguema, Francis-

co; Amnesty International; Nguema, Obiang. Examines the problems with Nguema's human rights record during the 1980s. 5278 Liniger-Goumaz, Max. "Nations-Unies et régimes autocratiques: un exemple africain, la Guinée Equatoriale." Genève Afrique/Geneva Africa 19, no. 2 (1981): 13-71. maps. SUBJECTS: Foreign aid policy, Human rights. KEYWORDS: New International Economic Order; Macias Nguema, Francisco; Nguema, Obiang; UN. 5279 Sundiata, Ibrahim K. ' T h e structure of terror in a small state: Equatorial Guinea." In: African Islands and Enclaves, edited by Robin Cohen. Beverly Hills, California: Sage, 1983.81-100 pp. SUBJECTS: State power, Nationalism, Political repression, Terrorism.

Human/Civil Rights

5280 Liniger-Goumaz, Max. "Guinée Equatoriale." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 251/252(1986/1987): 23-44. SUBJECTS : Human rights, Coup d'état, Political history, Political repression. KEYWORDS: Macias Nguema, Francisco; Nguema, Obiang. Reviews Equatorial Guinea's political history as one of a constant dictatorship and a series of coup d'états, some within the same ruling family. Argues that continued political, military, and economic confusion prevails in Equatorial Guinea.

Politics

5281 Fegley, Randall. Equatorial Guinea: An African Tragedy. New York: Peter Lang, 1989. 310 pp. biblio, maps. SUBJECTS: Human rights, Political history, Government analysis. KEYWORDS: Macias Nguema, Francisco; Fernando Po. Provides a history of Equatorial Guinea, focusing on the modern period and on human rights violations by the government of Francisco Nguema. 5282 Liniger-Goumaz, Max. "Guinée Equatoriale: dictature et convoitises (1982-1983)." Peuples noirs; peuples africains 6, no. 34 (July/August 1983): 18-52. SUBJECTS: Authoritarian government, Military government, Political repression, Ethnicity. KEYWORDS: Macias Nguema, Francisco; Nguema, Obiang. 5283 Liniger-Goumaz, Max. "Guinée Equatoriale: une nouvelle constitution fasciste." Peuples noirs; peuples africains 6, no. 36 (November/December 1983): 18-33. SUBJECTS: One-party system, Authoritarian government, Constitutional development. KEYWORDS: Macias Nguema, Francisco; Nguema, Obiang; fascism. 5284 Liniger-Goumaz, Max. "Journal d'un renversement d'alliance Guinée Equatoriale, 1983-1985: titres de presse et histoire immédiate." Peuples noirs; peuples africains 8, no. 45 (May/June 1985): 8-34. SUBJECTS: Government analysis, Political instability, Elections, Constitutional development, Political opposition, Mass media. KEYWORDS: Macias Nguema, Francisco; Nguema, Obiang; ANRD (Action Nationale de Réforme Démocratique). 5285 Liniger-Goumaz, Max. ONU et dictatures: de la démocratie et des droits de l'homme. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1984. 285 pp. SUB-

ETHIOPIA/Agriculture • 3 5 3 JECTS: Authoritarian government, Human rights, Democracy, Political theory, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: Macias Nguema, Francisco; Nguema, Obiang; UN.

colonial economy, its postindependence economy, and the modern state, as well as the role of terror, ideology, and ethnicity in Macias Nguema's presidency.

5286 O w o n a , Joseph. " L a G u i n é e E q u a t o r i a l e et la démocratisation: l'astucieux recours à un 'constitutionnalisme rédhibitoire' de 1982." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 207/208 (1983): 52-68. SUBJECTS: Democracy, Constitutional development, Human rights, Military government.

SEE ALSO 2748, 4669.

5287 Sundiata, Ibrahim K. "Roots of African despotism: The question of political culture." The African Studies Review 31, no. 1 (April 1988): 9-33. biblio. SUBJECTS: Political history, Political culture, Authoritarian government, Terrorism, State formation, Marxist analysis. KEYWORDS: Macias Nguema, Francisco. Traces the rise and fall of Equatorial Guinea's first postindependence government. Explores the structure of Equatorial Guinea's

Religion

5288 Liniger-Goumaz, Max. "Réflexions autour de la visite du Pape Jean-Paul II en Guinée Equatoriale (18 février 1982)." Peuples noirs; peuples africains 6, no. 33 (May/June 1983): 9-29. SUBJECTS: Christianity, Religious politics, Human rights, Neocolonialism, Sanctions, Political repression. KEYWORDS: Macias Nguema, Francisco; Catholic Church; John Paul II.

ETHIOPIA Agriculture

5289 Abate, Alula. "Peasant associations and collective agriculture in Ethiopia: Promise and performance." Journal ofAfrican Studies 10, no. 3 (Fall 1983): 97-108. tables. SUBJECTS: Agrarian reform, Agricultural cooperatives, Geopolitics, Land distribution, Socialism, Capitalism, Agricultural economics. KEYWORDS: land acquisition; communal agriculture. 5290 Akalu, Aster. The Process of Land Nationalization in Ethiopia: Land Nationalization and the Peasants. Lund, Sweden: Gleerup, 1982. 224 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Land reform, Land tenure system, Nationalization, Agrarian reform, Resource distribution, Agricultural sector. 5291 Amara, Hamid Ait. "The role of the export sector." In: African Agriculture: The Critical Choices, edited by Hamid Ait Amara and Bernard Founou-Tchuigoua. Toyko, Japan: UN University Press, 1990. 12-29 pp. ALSO COVERS: Algeria, Africa. SUBJECTS: Export policy, Agricultural production, Commercial agriculture. Addresses the decline of agricultural production and states that its failure must be seen in the light of development choices that valorize accumulation strategies based on increasing the export sector. Details the failure of the export model and describes alternative development in Algeria and Ethiopia. 5292 Angela, Penrose, ed. Beyond the Famine: An Examination of the Issues behind Famine in Ethiopia. Geneva, Switzerland: Food for the Hungry International, 1988. 186 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Peasant economy, National development, Economic analysis, Environmental degradation, Agricultural policy, Famine, Public health. A collection of papers addressing current issues related to famine in Ethiopia: peasant survival strategies, the Ethiopian economy, Ethiopians' health status, and agricultural development. 5293 Asefa, Sisay. "Economic development and agricultural policy in Ethiopia: The Haile Selassie years." African Studies Association Papers 27, no. 4 (October 1984): 1-40. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Peasant economy, Agricultural production, Resource distribution, Subsistence farming, Consumption pattern, Agricultural labor. KEYWORDS: Chilalo Province, Ethiopia; tradi-

tional technology; Haile Selassie I. 5294 Asefa, Sisay. "Socioeconomic studies of Ethiopia, 1974-1982: A critical interpretation and evaluation." Northeast African Studies 6, no. 1/2 (1984): 95-104. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Agricultural sector, Wealth redistribution, Famine, Food production, Socioeconomic analysis. 5295 Barbary, Benoît. "Ethiopie, révolution, famine: quel chemin l'Ethiopie rurale a-t-elle donc parcouru depuis 1974-1984." In: La Révolution éthiopienne comme phénomène de société: essais, témoignages et documents, edited by Joseph Tubiana. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1990. 25-41 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Revolutionary movement, Famine, Agrarian reform, Agricultural policy, Political analysis. Analyzes agrarian reform and the agricultural policy undertaken by the Ethiopian military junta from 1974 to 1984. Examines the socioeconomic reasons and the implementation process of the program. 5296 Bender, M. Lionel, ed. Peoples and Cultures of the EthioSudan Borderlands. East Lansing, Michigan: African Studies Center, Michigan State University, 1981. 214 pp. tables, maps. ALSO C O V E R S : Sudan. S U B J E C T S : S m a l l h o l d e r a g r i c u l t u r e , Anthropological analysis, Subsistence farming, Household economy, Ecological analysis. KEYWORDS: Darfur Region, Sudan; Wollegga Region, Ethiopia. 5297 Bezunech, Mesfin. "Contribution of the Green Revolution to social change in Ethiopia." Northeast African Studies 6, no. 3 (1984): 9-17. biblio. SUBJECTS: Green Revolution, Agricultural development, Agricultural production, Social change. KEYWORDS: US AID. 5298 Brüne, Stefan. "Agrarian development, famine and foreign aid: The Ethiopian experience." Afrika Spectrum 23, no. 3 (1988): 255271. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS : Agricultural development, Famine, Foreign aid, Agrarian reform, Resettlement, MarxismLeninism. KEYWORDS: peasant-state relations. Examines Ethiopian government policies toward agriculture in the context of its claims to a popular orientation. Focuses on its radical policies for agrarian change: land reform, cooperatives, state farms, price controls, rationing, villagization, and resettlement. Argues that neither Marxist rhetoric nor market solutions address the source of

354 • ETHIOPIA/Agriculture Ethiopia's agricultural problems. 5299 Briine, Stefan. "The agricultural sector: Structure, performance and issues (1974-1988)." In: Ethiopia: Options for Rural Developement, edited by Siegfried Pausewang, Fantu Cheru, Stefan Briine, and Eshetu Chole. London: Zed, 1990. 15-29 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural sector, Development policy, Agrarian reform, International economic system, Land reform, Peasant society. Examines the radical agrarian development policies undertaken by the Ethiopian military after its coming to power. Reviews the wide variety of changes introduced in land reform, farming systems, agricultural cooperatives, and tax and investment policies. 5300 Clay, Jason, and Bonnie Holcomb. Politics and. the Ethiopian Famine 1984-85. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Cultural Survival, 1986. 237 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Drought, Food scarcity, Refugees, Food policy, Natural resource management, Resettlement. KEYWORDS: Tigre Region, Ethiopia; Ethiopian famine 1984-1985. Discusses the Ethiopian famine of 1984-1985 as seen through the eyes of victims, drawing extensively on interviews conducted with resettled farmers. Evaluates government policies and their effect on famine victims, long-term relief, and resettlement. 5301 Clay, Jason, Sandra Steingraber, and Peter Niggli, eds. The Spoils of Famine: Ethiopian Famine Policy and Peasant Agriculture. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Cultural Survival, 1988. 303 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Resettlement, Agricultural policy, Food scarcity, Agrarian reform, Rural development, Peasant economy. KEYWORDS: villagization. Analyzes aspects of Ethiopian government policy in response to the famine of 1984-1987. Discusses resettlement policy, villagization schemes, the destruction of peasant agriculture, and resistance efforts by rural agriculturalists. 5302 Clay, Jason. "Villagization in Ethiopia." In: The Spoils of Famine: Ethiopian Famine Policy and Peasant Agriculture, edited by Jason Clay, Sandra Steingraber, and Peter Niggli. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Cultural Survival, 1988. 106-135 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Agricultural cooperatives, Rural development, Migration pattern, Refugee migration. KEYWORDS: villagization; political education. Examines the policy of incorporating peasant farmers into new villages to establish agricultural cooperatives. Reviews the issue of coercion in the government's implementation process. Discusses the effect of villagization on the farmers' ability to defend against famine. 5303 Cohen, John, Arthur Goldsmith, and John Mellor. Revolution and Land Reform in Ethiopia: Peasant Associations, Local Government and Rural Development. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University, 1976. 127 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural extension service, Land tenure system, Agricultural cooperatives, Agricultural development, Agricultural sector, Rural development, Local government. KEYWORDS: peasant associations; revolution. 5304 Cohen, John M., and Nils-Ivar Isaksson. "Food production strategy debates in revolutionary Ethiopia." World Development 16, no. 3 (March 1988): 323-348. SUBJECTS: Smallholder agriculture, Agrarian economy, Land tenure system, Cooperatives, Taxation policy, Resettlement, Food production. Discusses rural development via a smallholder approach based on individual freehold, a strong private sector, and public expenditures that support agricultural institutions and infrastructure. Examines agrarian socialism based on collective ownership of means of production, group farming, state farms, and government control of marketing. 5305 Cohen, John M. Integrated Rural Development in Ethiopia: CADU after 1974. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard Institute for

International Development, 1986. 107 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural extension service, Agricultural development, Agrarian reform, Agricultural policy, Rural planning policy, Integrated rural development, Models. KEYWORDS: CADU (Chilalo Agricultural Development Unit); Chilalo Province, Ethiopia. Analyzes the progress of Ethiopia's CADU since 1974 to evaluate arguments for abandoning integrated rural development. Concludes that CADU has been successful in encouraging agricultural and social development. 5306 Cohen, John M. Integrated Rural Development: The Ethiopian Experience and the Debate. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1987.267 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Integrated rural development, Agrarian reform, Socialist development, Development policy, Agricultural policy. KEYWORDS: CADU (Chilalo Agricultural Development Unit); ARDU (Arssi Rural Development Unit); Chilalo Province, Ethiopia; Arussi Region, Ethiopia. Discusses the history of Ethiopian rural development policy from 1960 to 1987. Focuses on the changes that have occurred since the revolution in 1974. 5307 Committee on Foreign Affairs, ed. Human Rights and Food Aid in Ethiopia. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1986. 229 pp. tables, maps, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Africa. SUBJECTS: Human rights, Food aid, Famine, Refugees, Socialist government. KEYWORDS: US-Ethiopia relations; Tigre Region, Ethiopia. Presents several analyses of human rights and food aid in Ethiopia. Includes statements by food aid officials and several articles that address famine, poverty, refugees, and food aid in Ethiopia. 5308 Degefu, Workineh. "Some aspects of meteorological drought in Ethiopia." In: Drought and Hunger in Africa: Denying Famine a Future, edited by Michael H. Glantz. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1987. 23-36 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Food scarcity, Drought, Famine. States that there is no pattern to Ethiopian drought episodes, but that this conclusion could be due to inadequate documentation. Correlates drought and famine, concluding that meteorological services must be strengthened for early famine detection and for development purposes. 5309 Dejene, Alemneh. Peasants, Agrarian Socialism, and Rural Development in Ethiopia. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1987. 162 pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural cooperatives, Agrarian economy, Land reform, Rural development, Agricultural development, Famine, Agricultural marketing. KEYWORDS: service cooperatives. Surveys agrarian reform in Ethiopia; analyzes the constraints on the agricultural productivity of peasant farmers in the Arussi Region by examining how farmers perceive the organizations established to attain agrarian socialism. Based on data generated from interviews with farmers, peasant association leaders, and extension agents. 5310 Firebrace, James, and Stuart Holland. Never Kneel Down: Drought, Development and Liberation in Eritrea. Trenton, New Jersey: Red Sea, 1985. 192 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Self-determination, Liberation movement, Economic development, Decolonization, Drought. KEYWORDS: Eritrea; EPLF (Eritrean People's Liberation Front); ELF (Eritrean Liberation Front). 5311 Foley, Paul. Too Little, Too Late: The International Response to the 1984-1986 Ethiopian Famine. Bedford Park, Australia: Centre for Development Studies, Flinders University, 1988. 49 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Food aid, Food scarcity, Foreign policy, Agricultural development, Famine, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: international organization. Discusses the response to the 1984-1986 famine on the interna-

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tional, national, and local levels. Examines problems with the distribution of food aid received and analyzes the Ethiopian government's use of food supplies for political purposes.

Kenya, Somalia. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Food scarcity, Land tenure system, Subsistence economy, Traditional society, Livestock production, Environmental degradation.

5312 Gamaledinn, Maknun. "State policy and famine in the Awash Valley of Ethiopia: The lessons for conservation." In: Conservation in Africa: People, Policies, and Practice, edited by David Anderson and Richard Grove. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987. 327-344 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Natural resource management, National planning policy, Hunger, Pastoralism. KEYWORDS : Awash Valley, Ethiopia; AVA (Awash Valley Authority); Afar people. Discusses the impact of government development programs in the Awash Valley on the rural economoy and local ecology. Argues that the programs accentuated the impact of the 1972-1973 drought on the Afar pastoralists living in the area.

5319 Hareide, Dag. "Famine or preparedness?" In: Ethiopia: Rural Development Options, edited by Siegfried Pausewang, Fantu Cheru, Stefan Briine, and Eshetu Chole. London: Zed, 1990. 199-204 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Famine, Policy analysis, Policy recommendation, Food aid. Examines how both relief workers and development planners have failed in the struggle to eradicate famine in Ethiopia. Provides some policy recommendations and new incentives to prevent and fight famine.

5313 Gascon, Alain. "Les Réformes agraires 1974-1984." In: La Révolution éthiopienne comme phénomène de société: essais, témoignages et documents, edited by Joseph Tubiana. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1990. 43-61 pp. biblio, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Agrarian reform, State intervention, Agricultural cooperatives, Political analysis, Socioeconomic analysis. Examines the agrarian reforms undertaken by the Ethiopian military government from 1974 to 1984. Discusses state intervention and student participation as well as the socioeconomic and political consequences of the agrarian policy on peasant life. 5314 Goyder, Hugh, and Catherine Goyder. "Case studies of famine: Ethiopia." In: Preventing Famine: Policies and Prospects for Africa, edited by Donald Curtis, Michael Hubbard, and Andrew Shepherd. London: Routledge, 1988.73-110 pp. SUBJECTS: Famine, Drought, Historical analysis, Geographical analysis, Resettlement. KEYWORDS: Ethiopian famine 1984-1985; villagization. Examines the causes of the Ethiopian famine of 1984-1985 and how the state and aid agencies responded. Discusses the conflicts raised by the resettlement campaign that was part of the relief effort. Analyzes how recent initiatives, such as the villagization campaign, can help or hinder famine prevention. 5315 Griffin, Keith, and Roger Hay. "Problems of agricultural development in socialist Ethiopia: An overview and a suggested strategy." The Journal of Peasant Studies 13, no. 1 (October 1985): 37-66. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Famine, Agricultural production, Capital accumulation. 5316 Gryseels, Guido, and Frank Anderson. Research on Farm and Livestock Productivity in the Central Ethiopian Highlands: Initial Results, 1977-1980. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: International Livestock Centre for Africa, 1983.52 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Smallholder agriculture, Agricultural development, Agricultural production, Livestock production, Agricultural technology, Food production. KEYWORDS: farming systems research. 5317 Gutu, Samia Zekaria, Rachel Lambert, and Simon Maxwell. Cereal, Pulse and Oilseed Balance Sheet: Analysis for Ethiopia 1979-1989. Brighton, UK: Institute of Development Studies, 1990.53 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Statistical analysis, Agricultural production, Economic analysis, Food production. KEYWORDS: vegetables; cereals; oilseed. Presents results of an analysis showing that although crop production in Ethiopia has fluctuated considerably, there has been no overall growth in food production between 1979 and 1989. Concludes that pulses and oilseeds show a 6 percent decline per annum during the ten-year period addressed. 5318 Halderman, Michael. "Eastern African pastoralists: Development and long-term food security." African Studies Association Papers 26, no. 61 (December 1983): 1-27. biblio. ALSO COVERS:

5320 Institute of Agricultural Research. Research on Haricot Bean in Ethiopia: An Assessment of Status, Progress, Priorities and Strategies. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Institute of Agricultural Research, 1990.114 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Agricultural research. KEYWORDS: haricot bean; beans. A collection of articles on the role of beans in Ethiopian production systems and the national economy. Addresses by region the obstacles to improvement in quality and quantity. Identifies research goals. 5321 ISNAR. Review of Research Program Management and Manpower Planning at the Institute of Agricultural Research in Ethiopia. The Hague, Netherlands: ISNAR (Intl. Service for National Agricultural Research), 1987. 92 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Project design, Agricultural development, Agricultural research, Research and development, Agricultural extension service. Discusses the research management techniques and labor requirements associated with an effective agricultural research system. Outlines the Ethiopian government's goals in the areas of agricultural research, extension services, and linkages between governmental research and policy organizations. 5322 Jean, François. Ethiopie: du bon usage de la faim. Paris: Médécins sans Frontières, 1986. 102 pp. maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Famine, Food aid, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: COPWE (Commission for Organizing the Party of Working People of Ethiopia); AMC (Agricultural Marketing Corporation); BIT (Bureau International du Travail); FAO; MSF (Médécins sans Frontières). Addresses the twelve-year (1973-1984) famine conditions in Ethiopia. Describes the aid system implemented by such international voluntary organizations as Médécins sans Frontières to relieve the famine plague. Analyzes the ecological, geographical, and political reasons for the lasting Ethiopian famine. 5323 Kaplan, Robert D. Surrender or Starve: The Wars behind the Famine. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1988. 188 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Famine, Revolutionary movement, Food aid, Foreign aid, Human rights. KEYWORDS: Mengistu Haile Mariam; Dergue; TPLF (Tigray People's Liberation Front); EPLF (Eritrean People's Liberation Front). Reports on Ethiopian famine and warfare from 1984 to 1987. Portrays the events as they were viewed by the Eritreans and Tigreans. Discusses the Western response to the famine as well as the response of the Ethiopian government. 5324 Kelemen, Paul. The Politics of the Famines in Ethiopia and Eritrea. Manchester, UK: Department of Sociology, University of Manchester, 1985. 35 pp. biblio, maps. SUBJECTS: Famine, Food policy, Refugee migration, Centrally planned economy, Food scarcity, Food production. KEYWORDS: Eritrea. 5325 Kiros, Fassil G. "State policy on agricultural transformation in Ethiopia since 1975." African Studies Association Papers 29, no. 48 (October/November 1986): 1-22. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural

356 • ETHIOPIA/Agriculture cooperatives, Agricultural development, Agricultural policy, Agrarian reform, Rural population. KEYWORDS: PMAC (Provisional Military Administrative Council); AMC (Agricultural Marketing Corporation). Highlights Ethiopia's agrarian policy to determine how it affects people and the agricultural problems within their communities. Concludes that research for agrarian reform should be systematic and based on facts so that policies enhance agricultural development instead of complicate it. 5326 Kloos, H. "Schistosomiasis ecology: Water resources development in the Awash Valley of Ethiopia." In: Health and Disease in Tropical Africa: Geographical and Medical Viewpoints, edited by Rais Akhtar. Chur, Switzerland: Harwood, 1987. 305-333 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Irrigation, Agricultural development, Public health. KEYWORDS: schistosomiasis; Awash Valley, Ethiopia. Examines the impact of schistosomiasis in the Awash Valley of Ethiopia in relation to the development of an agricultural irrigation scheme. Draws attention to the extreme difficulty of control due to both cultural and physical impediments. Suggests the use of integrated control measures to help prevent schistosomiasis. 5327 Kloos, Helmut. "Development, drought and famine in the Awash Valley of Ethiopia." The African Studies Review 25, no. 4 (December 1982):21-48. tables,maps. SUBJECTS: Drought,Famine, Political economy studies, Pastoralism. KEYWORDS: Afar people; Awash Valley, Ethiopia. 5328 Koehn, Peter. "Agricultural policy and environmental destruction in Ethiopia and Nigeria." Rural Africana no. 25/26 (Spring/Fall 1986): 25-53. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Agricultural policy, Economic planning, Environmental degradation, Green Revolution. KEYWORDS: Dergue; Bakolori Irrigation Project; Funtua Agricultural Development Project. Proposes that the energy and capital incentive projects conceived and promoted by foreigners cause serious damage to natural resources. Concludes that rural development requires popular control over planning, research, and project execution. 5329 Leithmann-Frueh, Gudrun. The Scope of Quantitative Analysis of Development Strategies in Subsistence-oriented Farms: The Case of Smallholder Development in the Ethiopian Highlands. Krefeld, West Germany: Marchal und Matzenbacher, 1983. 392 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Smallholder agriculture, Statistical analysis, Agrarian economy, Agricultural development, Economic analysis, Subsistence farming. KEYWORDS: soil analysis. 5330 Lemma, Hailu. 'The politics of famine in Ethiopia." Review of African Political Economy 33 (August 1985): 44-58. tables. SUBJECTS: Desertification, Foreign aid, Agricultural development, Population distribution, Military government, Famine. KEYWORDS: civil unrest; Eritrea; Tigre Region, Ethiopia. 5331 Lirenso, Alemayehu. Food Aid and Its Impact on Ethiopian Agriculture. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Institute of Development Research, Addis Ababa University, 1986. 92 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Food aid, Food production, Foreign aid, Agricultural production. KEYWORDS: RRC (Relief and Rehabilitation Committee); WFP (World Food Programme); UN Office for Emergency Operations in Ethiopia. Analyzes the current state of food production in Ethiopia. Discusses the destructive impact of food aid on the peasant sector. Outlines the proper ways in which food aid can be maintained without negative impact on local food production. 5332 Livergo, Alemayehun. "State policies in production, marketing and pricing of food grains: The case of Ethiopia." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 8, no. 1 (1983): 72-84. tables. SUB-

JECTS: Economic development, Agricultural production, Socialism, Food production. KEYWORDS: PMAC (Provisional Military Administrative Council). 5333 Mariam, Mesfin Wolde. "Drought and famine in Ethiopia: Social impact and socio-economic development." In: Understanding Africa's Food Problems: Social Policy Prespectives, edited by Adebayo Adedeji and Duri Mohammed. London: Hans Zell, 1990. 204-244 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Drought, Famine, Food scarcity, Socioeconomic analysis, Food policy, Ecological analysis, Pastoralism. Examines the differences between drought and famine to demonstrate how socioeconomic and political disadvantages form the link between these phenomena for many rural Ethiopian sedentary fanners and pastoralists. Gives a broad overview of the social and demographic effects of the drought. 5334 Mariam, Mesfin Wolde. Rural Vulnerability to Famine in Ethiopia, 1958-1977. New Delhi, India: Vikas, 1984. 191 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Famine, Peasant society, Food scarcity, Natural resource management, Agricultural production, Food production. KEYWORDS: Ethiopian famine 1958-1977. 5335 Maxwell, Simon. Food Aid to Ethiopia: Disincentive Effects and Commercial Displacement. Brighton, UK: Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, 1986. 69 pp. SUBJECTS: E c o n o m i c a n a l y s i s , Food policy, C o n s u m p t i o n pattern. KEYWORDS: WFP (World Food Programme); World Bank; FAO. Discusses whether food aid to Ethiopia has caused agricultural disincentives or led to the displacement of commercial imports. Focuses on updating the conclusions of earlier studies, particularly in the light of the recent food emergency in Ethiopia and very large food deliveries in 1984-1985 and 1985-1986. 5336 McCann, James. "The social impact of drought in Ethiopia: Oxen, households, and some implications for rehabilitation." In: Drought and Hunger in Africa: Denying Famine a Future, edited by Michael H. Glantz. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1987. 245-267 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Division of labor, Drought, Food scarcity, Rural population, Household economy. KEYWORDS: social organization; peasant associations. Focuses on the key role of livestock, especially oxen, in determining patterns of response to food production shortfall, the distribution of available resources, and, in short, social impact. Considers interhousehold and intrahousehold relations. Concludes that the effects of drought are distributed unevenly. 5337 McCann, James C. A Great Agrarian Cycle? A History of Agricultural Productivity and Demographic Change in Highland Ethiopia, 1900-1987. Boston, Massachusetts: African Studies Center, Boston University, 1988. 23 pp. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Agricultural development, Agricultural economics, Demographic analysis, Agricultural production, Famine, Economic history. Holds that the crisis in Ethiopia's agricultural sector has its roots in the early twentieth century. Examines the evidence pointing to the existence of a twentieth-century agricultural cycle, which contributes to, rather than results from, the crisis in the political economy of the 1980s. 5338 Mehretu, Assefa. "Regions under stress: Catastrophic collapse of the subsistence base in Ethiopia's geographic margins." Northeast African Studies 9, no. 2 (1987): 55-67. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Food scarcity, Subsistence farming, Agricultural policy. KEYWORDS: food distribution. Maintains that the background of Ethiopia's massive food deficit is composed of a number of external and internal problems that have contributed to the distortion of the sociospatial production system. Regards the food deficit itself as a breakdown of production and

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distribution systems, resulting from physical and social factors.

sociations.

5339 Nichola, Tennassie. Agricultural Research and Extension in Ethiopia: The State of the Art. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Institute of Development Research, Addis Ababa University, 1985. 107 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural sector, Agricultural research, Agricultural extension service. KEYWORDS: Institute of Agricultural Research; Ethiopia Ministry of State Farms Development; Ethiopia Ministry of Coffee and Tea; Ethiopia Ministry of Agriculture.

5346 R a h m a t o , Dessalegn. "Cooperatives, state farms amd smallholder production." In: Ethiopia: Rural Development Options, edited by Siegfried Pausewang, Fantu Cheru, Stefan Briine, and Eshetu Chole. London: Zed, 1990. 100-110 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Cooperatives, Farming system, Smallholder agriculture, Peasant economy, Socialist economy, State intervention. Examines the transition toward a socialist economy through socioeconomic changes in smallholder agriculture and land reform. Studies the role of the cooperatives, state farms, and peasant society in the transition.

5340 Nichola, Tennassie. "The agricultural sector in Ethiopia: Organization, policies and prospects." In: Beyond the Famine: An Examination of the Issues behind Famine in Ethiopia, edited by Angela Prose. Geneva, Switzerland: Food for the Hungry International, 1988. 97-141 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural sector, Cooperatives, Agricultural policy, Agricultural extension service, Agricultural technology, Resettlement. KEYWORDS: villagization; Ethiopia Proclamation No. 31 1975; Ethiopia Peasant Association; National Villagization Coordinating Committee; Minimum Package Project II 1978-1982. Gives an overview of the environmental and political factors affecting agriculture in Ethiopia. Examines the recent resettlement and cooperative development programs of the Ethiopian government and briefly critiques their outcomes. Discusses the impact of agricultural research on Ethiopian agriculture. 5341 Niggli, Peter. "On the destruction of peasant agriculture, famine policy and 'development.'" In: The Spoils of Famine: Ethiopian Famine Policy and Peasant Agriculture, edited by Jason Clay, Sandra Steingraber, and Peter Niggli. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Cultural Survival, 1988. 247-295 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Drought, Food scarcity, Rural development, Agricultural development, Refugees, Famine, Resettlement. KEYWORDS: OLF (Oromo Liberation Front); TPLF (Tigray People's Liberation Front). Discusses the Ethiopian government's resettlement plan, famine relief, and the refugee situation through interviews with refugees. Chronicles the travels of various groups of refugees and their experiences with the Ethiopian army and the OLF. Examines the situation in the resettled areas and in refugee camps. 5342 Pateman, Roy. "Drought, famine and development." In: The Long Struggle of Eritrea for Independence and Constructive Peace, edited by Lionel Cliffe and Basil Davidson. Nottingham, UK: Spokesman, 1988. 161-186 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Famine, Economic development, Food scarcity, Rural development, Drought, Agricultural development. KEYWORDS: Eritrea; EPLF (Eritrean People's Liberation Front); ELF (Eritrean Liberation Front). Discusses the effects of the Ethiopian/Eritrean war on the agricultural and economic development of the country. Outlines problems with international food relief programs and domestic relief programs, and describes how the internal conflict prevents supplies from being properly distributed. 5343 Pausewang, Siegfried. Peasants, Land and Society: A Social History of Land Reform in Ethiopia. Munich, West Germany: Weltforum Verlag, 1983. 237 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Land reform, Land tenure system, Agrarian reform, Rural development, Case study, Rural population. KEYWORDS: social history. 5344 Peberdy, Max. Tigray: Ethiopia's Untold Story. London: Relief Society of Tigray UK Support Committee, 1985. 58 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Liberation movement, Drought, Famine, Warfare. KEYWORDS: REST (Relief Society of Tigray). 5345 Rahmato, Dessalegn. Agrarian Reform in Ethiopia. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1984. 105 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Land distribution, Social change, Agrarian economy, Class formation, Land reform. KEYWORDS: peasant as-

5347 Rahmato, Dessalegn. "Food aid and food dependency in Ethiopia." Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review 2, no. 2 (June 1986): 40-55. tables. SUBJECTS: Food aid, Food production, Economic dependency. Explores Ethiopia's dependency on food aid for its very survival. Defines different levels of food insecurity, from malnutrition to famine and analyzes food availability in various Ethiopian regions. Examines both why food aid may create dependency and uses of food aid as political weapons. 5348 Rahmato, Dessalegn. "The Ethiopian experience in agrarian reform." In: Challenging Rural Poverty, edited by Fassil Kiros. Trenton, New Jersey: Africa World, 1985. 197-224 pp. SUBJECTS: Land tenure system, Agrarian reform, Peasant economy, Agricultural development, Rural development. 5349 Singh, Haijinder. "Trends in agricultural output and area in Ethiopia." Africa Quarterly 22, no. 2 (1983): 71-91. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Agricultural policy, Agricultural production, Development planning. 5350 Steingraber, Sandra. "Resettlement in 1986-1987." In: The Spoils of Famine: Ethiopian Famine Policy and Peasant Agriculture, edited by Jason Clay, Sandra Steingraber, and Peter Niggli. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Cultural Survival, 1988. 66-102 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Resettlement, Migration pattern, Human rights, Agricultural cooperatives, Food policy, Famine, Human rights. KEYWORDS: forced relocation. Discusses the resettlement policy of the Ethiopian government of 1986-1987 during which approximately 800,000 people were moved from northern Ethiopia to resettlement farms in the south. Addresses the issue of voluntariness and the condition of the resettled farmers in the new areas. 5351 Steingraber, Sandra. "Villagization in a war zone: Refugee reports from western Wollega." In: The Spoils of Famine: Ethiopian Famine Policy and Peasant Agriculture, edited by Jason Clay, Sandra Steingraber, and Peter Niggli. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Cultural Survival, 1988.200-228 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Food scarcity, Agricultural cooperatives, Refugee migration, Food scarcity, Human rights. KEYWORDS: villagization; forced relocation; OLF (Oromo Liberation Front); Wollega Region, Ethiopia. Discusses the villagization process in the Wollega Region of Ethiopia. Outlines the methods used by the government to enforce their collectivization policy and the operation of the OLF in the area. Draws on interviews conducted with the displaced residents of the area. 5352 Teferra, Daniel. "Subsistence production behavior and famine in Ethiopia." Northeast African Studies 9, no. 2 (1987): 23-41. tables. SUBJECTS: Famine, Agricultural production, Subsistence farming, Capitalist development, Literature review. KEYWORDS: commercialization. Examines Ethiopian famine through an analysis of subsistence production behavior. Claims that famine is inevitable in a subsistence

3 5 8 • ETHO PI A / A g r i c u l t u r e economy during critical times due to insufficient surplus and inadequate infrastructure. Evaluates famine literature.

1980s. Addresses with great detail the interactions between the Ethiopian government and relief agencies.

5353 Teka, Tegegne. "The state and rural cooperatives in Ethiopia." In: Cooperatives Revisited, edited by Hans Hedlund. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1988. 125-137 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural cooperatives, Agrarian reform, Rural development. KEYWORDS: Agricultural Service Cooperative Societies. Discusses the strong role of the state in rural cooperative organization in Ethiopia. States that by 1993 50 percent of Ethiopian farmers will participate in agricultural cooperatives. Concludes that transformation of the agrarian sector will be accomplished via cooperatives.

5360 Vestal, Theodore M. "Famine in Ethiopia: Crisis of many dimensions." Africa Today 32, no. 4 (1985): 7-28. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Food scarcity, Regional conflict, Food policy, Foreign aid, Famine. KEYWORDS: Dergue.

5354 Thomas, Barbara P. "Rural development strategies and the politics of the Horn." African Studies Association Papers 28, no. 125 (November 1985): 1-21. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Somalia. SUBJECTS : Rural development, Agricultural production, Political control, Technological development, Environmental degradation, Livestock production, Smallholder agriculture. KEYWORDS: Horn of Africa. 5355 Tseggai, Araia. "Independent Eritrea: Economically viable?" Horn of Africa 6, no. 2 (1983): 39-49. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Agricultural production, Land tenure system, Demographic analysis. KEYWORDS: minerals; EPLF (Eritrean People's Liberation Front). 5356 Tubiana, Joseph, ed. La Révolution éthiopienne comme phénomène de société: essais, témoignages et documents. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1990. 243 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Revolutionary movement, Famine, Agrarian economy, Nationalist movement, Political analysis, Ecological analysis. KEYWORDS: Oromo people. Discusses the consequences and impact of Ethiopian revolution on the overall society and the different ethnic groups of Ethiopia. Examines the relationship between revolution and famine and between climatic conditions and agrarian reforms. 5357 Turton, David. "Mursi response to drought: Some lessons for relief and rehabilitation." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 84, no. 336 (July 1985): 331-344. maps. SUBJECTS: Drought, Food scarcity, Foreign aid, Migration pattern. KEYWORDS: Mursi people. 5358 US Congress. Joint Economic Committee. Sustainable Agricultural Development in Ethiopia: Hearing before the Joint Economic Committee, Congress of the United States, One Hundred First Congress, Second Session, February 21, 1990. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1990. 423 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Food production, Nongovernmental organization, Agricultural policy. Assesses the status of Ethiopian agricultural development in 1990 and examines the relationship between food production levels and famine. Notes the work of nongovernmental organizations in Ethiopian agricultural development. Proposes strategies for sustainable agriculture so as to produce sufficient foodstuffs to avert future famines. 5359 Varnis, Steven L. Reluctant Aid or Aiding the Reluctant? U.S. Food Aid Policy and Ethiopian Famine Relief. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction, 1990.229 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Famine, Food aid, International relations, Resettlement, Nongovernmental organization. KEYWORDS: CARE; CRS (Catholic Relief Service); RRC (Relief and Rehabilitation Committee); World Vision Relief Organization; USAID. Considers the history of famine relief and food aid policy in Ethiopia. Provides a political analysis of the production of famine and the confusion and contradictions involved in the relief efforts of the

5361 Wallmark, Patrik. 'The Bega (Gumuz) of Wellegga: Agriculture and subsistence." In: Peoples and Cultures of the Ethio-Sudan Borderlands, edited by M. Lionel Bender. East Lansing, Michigan: African Studies Center, Michigan State University, 1981. 79-116 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Subsistence farming, Smallholder agriculture, Land tenure system, Division of labor. KEYWORDS: Wellegga Province, Ethiopia; Bega people. SEE ALSO 48,153,178,271, 7216,13706, 14153.

Class

5362 Anonymous. "Lives and times of the Dergue." Northeast African Studies 5, no. 3 (1983): 1-41. SUBJECTS: Ruling class, Elite analysis, Political elite, Ruling class. KEYWORDS: Dergue; COPWE (Commission for Organizing the Party of Working People of Ethiopia); PMAC (Provisional Military Administrative Council). 5363 Grey, Robert D. "The petite bourgeoisie in the Ethiopian revolution." In: Studies in Power and Class in Africa, edited by Irving Leonard Markovitz. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1987. 118-129 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Bourgeoisie, Class formation, Imperialism, Power politics. KEYWORDS: Dergue; Ethiopian Revolution 1974. Analyzes the nature of the process leading to the development of the petite bourgeoisie that alienated it from the imperial government and at the same time gave it certain political skills that made it receptive to mobilization. Discusses the crucial role of the petite bourgeoisie in the revolutionary process. 5364 Warr, Michael. "The process of class conflict in Ethiopia." Ufahamu 10, no. 1/2 (Fall/Winter 1980/1981): 116-128. SUBJECTS: Class conflict. KEYWORDS: Haile Selassie I; Dergue; EPRP (Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Party).

Colonialism

5365 Haile, Semere. "Historical background to the Ethiopia-Eritrea conflict." In: The Long Struggle of Eritrea for Independence and Constructive Peace, edited by Lionel Cliffe and Basil Davidson. Nottingham, UK: Spokesman, 1988. 10-32 pp. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Political history, Colonialism, Federal government. KEYWORDS: Eritrea; federation movement; Ethiopia-Eritrea relations; UN General Assembly Resolution 390 A (V) 1950. Outlines the history of the conflict in Ethiopia-Eritrea by examining the various kingdoms that have attempted to control the area. Traces the armed struggle for Eritrean autonomy and discusses UN plans for the Ethiopia-Eritrea federation after World War II. Examines the decline of the federation and the immediate causes of the present conflict. 5366 Holcomb, Bonnie, and Sisai Ibssa. The Invention of Ethiopia.

ETHIOPIA/Economics

Trenton, New Jersey: Red Sea, 1990. 450 pp. biblio, maps. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Self-determination, Imperialism, International relations, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: Oromo people; EuropeEthiopia relations; Dergue; Haile Selassie I; USSR-Ethiopia relations. Uses a historical approach to examine the Ethiopian empire. Questions how economic relations have been established and maintained and why many widely held beliefs about this empire and the actual historical account do not correspond. 5367 Tseggai, Araya. "The history of the Eritrean struggle." In: The Long Struggle of Eritrea for Independence and Constructive Peace, edited by Lionel Cliffe and Basil Davidson. Nottingham, UK: Spokesman, 1988. 65-84 pp. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Political history, Colonialism, Decolonization, Political development. KEYWORDS: ELF (Eritrean Liberation Front); Eritrea; US-Ethiopia relations; USSR-Ethiopia relations. Discusses the Eritrean independence movement since 1941 and offers a brief summary of its historical context. Outlines the creation of the UN-mandated federation with Ethiopia, the organization of the ELF, and US and USSR intervention.

Economics

5368 Degefe, Befekadu. "Ethiopia." In: The Indigenization of African Economies, edited by Adebayo Adedeji. London: Hutchinson, 1981. 238-277 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Indigenization, Investment policy, Foreign capital, Government economic management, Foreign investment, Nationalization, Self-reliance. 5369 Di Antonio, Marco. "The excess of liquidity of commercial banking in Ethiopia." Savings and Development 12 (1988): 71-103. tables. SUBJECTS: Commercial banking, Monetary policy. KEYWORDS: NBE (National Bank of Ethiopia); CBE (Commercial Bank of Ethiopia); AIDB (Agricultural and Industrial Development Bank). Considers the credit maneuver on interest rates made by the government. Asks what led to the recent credit policy and examines inefficiency in the Ethiopian financial system. Suggests that NBE be given more power as a monetary policy agency. 5370 Gavrilov, N. I., M. V. Rait, V. I. Sharayev, and Y. S. Sherr, eds. Ten Years of the Ethiopian Revolution. Moscow, USSR: Progress, 1986.196 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Socialism, Centrally planned economy, Socialist economy, Social change, Socialist revolution. KEYWORDS: political education; rural organizations; WPE (Workers' Party of Ethiopia); scientific socialism. Discusses the ten years following the 1974 socialist revolution in Ethiopia. Outlines the goals and strategies of the WPE. Examines the role of the party, military, peasants, educated, and vanguard in promoting and continuing the transformation from a capitalist economy to a socialist economy.

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359

ing Food Security: Strategies and Obstacles in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East, edited by W. Ladd Hollist and F. LaMond Tullis. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1987. 121-136 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic crisis, Civil war, Drought, Economic policy, Wealth redistribution, Food policy. KEYWORDS: state farms. Discusses the importance of appropriate government policy in achieving increased food production and food security in Africa. Attributes Ethiopia's economic crisis to a combination of factors, including drought, and recommends investment in infrastructure geared to assist the agricultural sector. 5373 Henze, Paul B. Ethiopia: Crisis of a Marxist Economy: Analysis and Text of a Soviet Report. Santa Monica, California: Rand, 1989. 130 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Economic policy. KEYWORDS: USSR-Ethiopia relations. Reproduces and analyzes a critique of the Ethiopian economic crisis written in 1985 by USSR Planning Commission advisers to the Ethiopian government. Includes a reproduction of the GOSPLAN text. 5374 Lirenso, Alemayehu. An Appraisal of the Functional Role of Periodic Markets in Economic Development: The Case ofKambata and Hadiya, Ethiopia. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Institute of Development Research, Addis Ababa University, 1981. 95 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic system, Economic development. KEYWORDS: market research; Kambata, Ethiopia; Hadiya, Ethiopia. 5375 Lirenso, Alemayehu. Grain Marketing and Pricing in Ethiopia: A Study of the Impact of Grain Quota and Fixed Grain Prices on Grain Producers. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Institute of Development Research, Addis Ababa University, 1987. 157 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural marketing, Market system, Agricultural production, Price policy, Centrally planned economy. KEYWORDS: grain; production quotas. Discusses the centrally planned food system of Ethiopia. Seeks to identify the basis for estimating national food demand and for allocating grain quotas to peasants in various regions in an effort to examine how farmers reach their quotas, farmers' attitudes about quotas, and how the quotas affect peasant consumption and income. 5376 Lirenso, Alemayehu. The Functional Role of Periodic Markets in Economic Development: The Case of Kembata and Hadiya, Ethiopia. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Department of Geography, Addis Ababa University, 1982.21 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Geographical analysis, Economic development, Market system. KEYWORDS: Kembata, Ethiopia; Hadiya, Ethiopia; marketplace. 5377 Love, Robert. "A note on financing the Ethiopian revolution." Northeast African Studies 10, no. 1 (1988): 39-45. SUBJECTS: Government borrowing, Finance policy, Resource distribution, Agricultural policy, Industrial sector. KEYWORDS: Ethiopian Revolution 1974; inflationary financing. Examines how the rapid growth in Ethiopian government expenditure since the 1974 revolution has been financed. Assesses the distribution of the benefits of such growth.

5371 Getu, Makonen. Socialism, Participation, and Agricultural Development in Post-Revolutionary Ethiopia: A Study of Constraints. Stockholm, Sweden: Almqvist and Wiksell International, 1987. 225 pp. SUBJECTS: Centrally planned economy, Economic history, Socialism, Agricultural development, Socialist economy, Land reform. KEYWORDS: peasant associations. Identifies and analyzes the measures, achievements, and constraints of the socialist agricultural policy of postrevolutionary Ethiopia and examines the development expediency of socialism. Holds that participation by the rural class is critical for successful policy implementation.

5378 Love, Roy. "Funding the Ethiopian state: Who pays?" Review of African Political Economy 44 (1989): 18-26. tables. SUBJECTS: Taxation policy, Economic analysis, Agricultural production, Industrial sector, Government economic management. KEYWORDS: PMAC (Provisional Military Administrative Council). Examines sources of government revenue in Ethiopia from 1974 to 1982. States that revenues from agriculture were not the most significant because contributions from the industrial and service sectors provided more. Maintains that government lending and monetary expansion increased dramatically as well.

5372 Griffin, Keith B. "The economic crisis in Ethiopia." In: Pursu-

5379 Rahmato, Dessalegn. "The political economy of development

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in Ethiopia." In: Afro-Marxist Regimes: Ideology and Public Policy, edited by Edmond J. Keller and Donald Rothchild. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1987. 155-179 pp. SUBJECTS: Political economy studies, Political opposition, State power, Socialism, Economic system. KEYWORDS: EPRP (Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Party); Dergue. Discusses the broad outlines of the developmental process since the overthrow of Haile Selassie in 1974. Briefly sketches the context within which the process has taken place. Analyzes the decade 19741984 to show that social change is more complex than usually presented in the debate on underdevelopment and socialist transition. 5380 Teferra, Daniel. "Lack of development in Ethiopia." Northeast African Studies 6, no. 1/2 (1984): 13-22. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Development theory, Subsistence economy, Technology transfer. KEYWORDS: labor productivity. 5381 Tolstykh, V. 'The state and tendencies of industrial development," translated by Nadezhda Burova. In: Ten Years of the Ethiopian Revolution, edited by N. I. Gavrilov, M. V. Rait, V. I. Sharayev, and Y. S. Sherr. Moscow, USSR: Progress, 1986. 86-97 pp. SUBJECTS: Nationalization, Economic theory, Economic planning, Centrally planned economy, Economic development, Industrial development, Industrial sector. Maintains that the creation of the material and technical bases for a future socialist society is the most important of all tasks facing the Ethiopian people. Discusses the role the industrial sector plays in the transformation from a capitalist to a socialist economy. 5382 Tseggai, Araia. "Ethiopian economic policy in Eritrea: The federation era." Northeast African Studies 6, no. 1/2 (1984): 81-93. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic dependency. KEYWORDS: Eritrea; UN General Assembly Resolution 390 A (V) 1950. 5383 Vigand, V. 'The economic basis of social transformation in Ethiopia," translated by Nadezhda Burova. In: Ten Years of the Ethiopian Revolution, edited by N. I. Gavrilov, M. V. Rait, V. I. Sharayev, and Y. S. Sherr. Moscow, USSR: Progress, 1986.68-85 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic reform, Economic development, Centrally planned economy, Socialist economy, Agrarian reform, Social change, Economic planning. Discusses the economic transition that took place in Ethiopia in the wake of the 1974 revolution. Examines socialist theory and application in controlling the growth of the capitalist economy, reforming the agricultural sector, and improving the standard of living for the working class. 5384 Wood, Adrian P. "Rural development and national integration in Ethiopia." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 82, no. 329 (October 1983): 509-539. maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Rural development, Government economic management, Ethnic conflict, Resistance movement. KEYWORDS: peasant associations; OLF (Oromo Liberation Front); Ethiopian Revolution 1974; WSLF (Western Somalia Liberation Front). 5385 Wubneh, Mulatu. "State control and manufacturing labor productivity in Ethiopia." The Journal of Developing Areas 24, no. 3 (April 1990): 311-326. tables. SUBJECTS: Government economic management, Statistical analysis, Centrally planned economy. KEYWORDS: labor productivity. Analyzes the changes that have occurred in the productivity levels and structure of Ethiopian industry since the revolution of 1974, concluding that there has been a distinct structural change in industry. Notes that the government has followed an employment-oriented

policy at the expense of productivity. SEE ALSO 580, 668, 6297.

Education

5386 Altaye, Gizaw. Problems of Overcrowding and Space Utilization in Government Primary Schools of Addis-Ababa, Ethiopia. Nairobi, Kenya: African Studies in Curriculum Development and Evaluation, 1985. 70 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Education system, Formal education, Education policy, Children. 5387 Amare, Germa. "Current trends in higher education in Ethiopia." Northeast African Studies 10, no. 1 (1988): 47-68. SUBJECTS: Higher education, Socialist revolution, Education policy, Education system. KEYWORDS: Ethiopian Revolution 1974. Examines Ethiopian higher education in the postrevolutionary state. Analyzes the administration of higher education institutions, the functions of higher education, academic standards, and other patterns of the Ethiopian system. 5388 Asayehgn, R. "Socioeconomic analysis of schooling in Ethiopia." Northeast African Studies 4, no. 2 (1982): 27-46. biblio. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Education policy, Religion, Education reform, Student protest, Socioeconomic analysis. KEYWORDS: USAID; Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 5389 Gumbel, Peter, Kjell Nystroem, and Rolf Samuelsson. Education in Ethiopia 1974-82: The Impact of Swedish Assistance: An Evaluation. Stockholm, Sweden: SIDA (Swedish International Development Authority), 1983. 148 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: International relations, Education policy, Education reform. KEYWORDS: Sweden-Ethiopia relations; COPWE (Commission for Organizing the Party of Working People of Ethiopia); education financing. 5390 Kiros, Fassil R. Implementing Educational Policies in Ethiopia. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1990. 116 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJ E C T S : Education system, Education policy, Socialism. KEYWORDS: Ethiopian Ten-Year Perspective Plan 1984-1994. Describes in detail the historical roots of the modern Ethiopian educational system, and the role of education as envisioned in the government's Ten-Year Perspective Plan. Argues that problems in education remain, not through neglect but due to greater emphasis on education expansion. 5391 McNab, Christine. "Language policy and language practice: Implementing multilingual literacy education in Ethiopia." The African Studies Review 33, no. 3 (December 1990): 65-82. tables. SUBJECTS: Literacy, Language policy, Education opportunity. KEYWORDS: NLCCC (National Literacy Campaign Coordinating Committee). Describes the National Literacy Campaign of Ethiopia. Notes that multilingual and political barriers complicate the campaign. States that currently it is much easier to implement literacy programs among those who speak the traditional languages of power. Explains that officially, literacy instruction occurs in fifteen languages but that in reality, the levels of instruction vary considerably. 5392 Negash, Tekeste. The Crisis of Ethiopian Education: Some Implications for Nation-Building. Uppsala, Sweden: Department of

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Education, Uppsala University, 1990. 112 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Education system, Economic development, Historical analysis, Education policy. Considers the history of Ethiopia's educational system, government views of it, and implications for the future. Argues that education is a limited instrument for improving development. Seeks to involve more Ethiopians in the setting of national educational policy.

1983.53 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Education reform, National planning policy, Higher education. KEYWORDS: Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia; education financing.

5393 Pakhurst, Richard, and Taddese Beyene, eds. Silver Jubilee Anniversary of the Institute of Ethiopian Studies: Proceedings of the Symposium, Addis Ababa, November 24-26, 1988. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Institute of Ethiopian Studies, Addis Ababa University, 1990. 122 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Language policy, Traditional society, Academic research. KEYWORDS: Institute of Ethiopian Studies. A record of symposium proceedings, including papers on Ethiopian studies in general and on specific topics. Covers the IES Museum and Library, Ethiopian historiography, languages, and sociocultural studies.

Environment

5394 Selassie, Seyoum G. Development of Social Policy in Ethiopia. Dire Dawa, Ethiopia: Seyoum Selassie, 1983. 45 pp. SUBJECTS: Technical training, Economic development policy, Agricultural development, Education policy, Social development policy, Agricultural production. KEYWORDS: vocational education. 5395 Sherr, Y. "Ways and methods of propagating scientific socialism," translated by Nadezhda Burova. In: Ten Years of the Ethiopian Revolution, edited by N. I. Gavrilov, M. V. Rait, V. I. Sharayev, and Y. S. Sherr. Moscow, USSR: Progress, 1986. 120-148 pp. SUBJECTS: Education opportunity, Socialist revolution, Higher education, Marxism-Leninism. KEYWORDS: scientific socialism. Discusses the history of socialist education in Ethiopia. Outlines the need for a comprehensive system of political education for both the ruling elite and the masses. Examines the need to increase political awareness in rural areas and to demonstrate the applicability of socialist thought to the Ethiopian case. 5396 Sjostrom, Margareta, and Rolf Sjostrom. How Do You Spell Development: A Study of a Literacy Campaign in Ethiopia. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1983. 196 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Literacy, Education policy, Education system, Development theory, Adult education, Literacy. KEYWORDS: rural education; women's education. 5397 Tseggai, Araia. "Eritrean People's Liberation Front: Anatomy of an African revolution." African Studies Association Papers 27, no. 105 (October 1984): 1-11. SUBJECTS: Self-reliance, Economic development, Education system, National liberation movement, Adult education. KEYWORDS: Eritrea; cultural education. 5398 Wagaw, Teshome G. The Development of Higher Education and Social Change: An Ethiopian Experience. East Lansing, Michigan: Michigan State University Press, 1990. 281 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Higher education, Social change, Historical analysis, Revolutionary movement, Education policy. KEYWORDS: Ethiopian Revolution 1974. Analyzes the foundations of colleges in Ethiopia, their emergence and context, and the role they have played in transforming traditional Ethiopian society. Argues that universities and their students contributed the most to the revolution. 5399 Woldemichael, Haile. The Maximization of Resources Utilization in Institutions of Higher Learning in Africa: The Case of Addis Ababa University. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Addis Ababa University,

SEE ALSO 14252.

5400 Dejene, Alemneh. Environment, Famine, and Politics in Ethiopia: A Viewfrom the Village. Boulder, Colorado: LynneRienner, 1990. 150 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Environmental degradation, Famine, Political analysis, Land-use policy, Desertification, Resettlement. KEYWORDS: Wollo Region, Ethiopia; peasant associations. Compares government and peasant views of environmental issues such as resttlement, villagization, cooperatives, population growth, livestock production, and conservation. Highlights the programs that should be retained and those that should be abandoned. Provides a case study of the Wollo Region. 5401 Dejene, Alemneh. "Peasants, Environment, Resettlement." In: Ethiopia: Rural Development Options, edited by Siegfried Pausewang, Fantu Cheru, Stefan Briine, and Eshetu Chole. London: Zed, 1990. 174-186 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Peasant society, Resettlement, Environmental analysis, Environmental degradation. Draws on a brief historical overview to examine the relationship between resettlement policies, environment, and peasant society. Discusses present-day peasant views on resettlement, as well as the environmental impact in the settlement areas. 5402 Gamachu, Daniel. "Environment and development in Ethiopia." In: Beyond the Famine: An Examination of the Issues behind Famine in Ethiopia, edited by Angela Prose. Geneva, Switzerland: Food for the Hungry International, 1988.55-96 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Environmental degradation, Environmental analysis, Livestock production, Development policy. KEYWORDS: soil erosion; deforestation; rainfall. Summarizes the essential environmental characteristics of Ethiopia and discusses them as they relate to the current environmental crisis. Analyzes environmentally related development schemes in Ethiopia and suggests possible improvements. 5403 Shigeta, Masayoshi. "Fol in-situ conservation of ensete (ensete ventricosum [Welw.] E. E. Cheesman): Towards the interpretation of indigenous agricultural science of the Ari, Southwestern Ethiopia." African Study Monographs 10, no. 3 (February 1990): 93-107. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Environmental analysis, Natural resource m a n a g e m e n t , Agricultural research, Traditional society. KEYWORDS: genetic resources; ensete plant; Ari people; conservation. Describes the painstaking and scientific in situ preservation of plant resources by the Omotic Ari people of southwestern Ethiopia. Considers their efforts a rare example of genetic resource conservation. Outlines the lessons to be learned from the Aris' indigenous knowledge systems. 5404 Turton, David. 'The Mursi and national park development in the Lower Omo Valley." In: Conservation in Africa: People, Policies, and Practice, edited by David Anderson and Richard Grove. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987. 169-186 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Natural resource management. KEYWORDS: Omo National

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Park, Ethiopia; Mago National Park, Ethiopia; Mursi people. Examines the problems that the Mursi people of Ethiopia have encountered due to the creation of Omo National Park. Uses the example as a case study in the interrelationship between conservation and life-style. 5405 Weigel, Gerolf. The Soils of the Maybar/Wello Area: Their Potential and Constraints for Agriculture Development: A Case Study in the Ethiopian Highlands. Bern, Switzerland: Institute of Geography, University of Bern 1986. 174 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Environmental analysis, Agricultural development, Ecological analysis. KEYWORDS: Soil Conservation Research Project; Central Highlands, Ethiopia; Wello Region, Ethiopia; soil analysis. A detailed analysis of soil types and their distribution in the Wello Region of Ethiopia. Gives the current status of soil conservation in the area and offers recommendations for future soil conservation efforts.

Foreign Relations

5406 Agyeman-Duah, Baffour. "The US and Ethiopia: The politics of military assistance." Armed Forces and Society 12, no. 2 (Winter 1986): 287-307. tables. ALSO COVERS: Somalia. SUBJECTS: Int e r n a t i o n a l r e l a t i o n s , Military aid, I n t e r n a t i o n a l p o l i t i c s . KEYWORDS: Mutual Defense Assistance Agreement 1953; USEthiopia relations; PMAC (Provisional Military Administrative Council); USSR-Ethiopia relations. Discusses US-Ethiopia relations from 1953 to the revolution of the 1970s, the military intervention of Italy, the British liberation of Ethiopia, and US interest in developing military communications in Ethiopia. Describes the decision of Ethiopia's armed forces to terminate US influence and presence in the country. 5407 Babu, Abdul Rahman Mohamed. "The Eritrean conflict in the context of African conflicts and superpower rivalries." In: The Long Struggle of Eritrea for Independence and Constructive Peace, edited by Lionel Cliffe and Basil Davidson. Nottingham, UK: Spokesman, 1988. 46-63 pp. SUBJECTS: Human rights, Superpower politics, International conflict, Self-determination, International politics, Intervention policy. KEYWORDS: Eritrea. Discusses the Ethiopian conflict in the context of international relations, especially between the US and the USSR. Outlines the decision-making process in terms of who has the authority to decide whether the Eritrean question is an internal Ethiopian problem or an international conflict under the jurisdiction of the O AU and the UN. 5408 Cohen, John M. "Foreign involvement in the formulation of Ethiopia's land tenure policies: Part I." Northeast African Studies 7, no. 2 (1985): 23-50. SUBJECTS: International relations, Land tenure system, Technical assistance, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: FAO; UNDP (UN Development Program); USAID; CADU (Chilalo Agricultural Development Unit); SIDA (Swedish International Development Authority). 5409 Cohen, John M. "Foreign involvement in the formulation of Ethiopia's land tenure policies: Part II." Northeast African Studies 7, no. 3 (1985): 1-20. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign aid, Economic aid, Foreign capital. KEYWORDS: USSR-Ethiopia relations. 5410 Ethiopia Ministry of Foreign Affairs. "What should Ethiopia's guiding foreign policy be at the present time?" Horn of Africa 4, no. 2 (1981): 59-61. ALSO COVERS: Sudan, Kenya. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Nonaligned nation. KEYWORDS:

Arab bloc; US-Ethiopia relations; Somalia-Ethiopia relations; Djibouti-Ethiopia relations. 5411 Fessehatzion, Tekie. "International dimensions of the Eritrean question." Horn of Africa 6, no. 2 (1983): 7-24. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Resistance movement, Guerrilla activity. KEYWORDS: military junta; ELF (Eritrean Liberation Front); UN General Assembly Resolution 390 (V) 1950; US-Ethiopia relations; USSR-Ethiopia relations. 5412 Gromyko, A. "Soviet-Ethiopian relations today. Ethiopian studies in the USSR," translated by Nadezhda Burova. In: Ten Years of the Ethiopian Revolution, edited by N. I. Gavrilov, M. V. Rait, V. I. Sharayev, and Y. S. Sherr. Moscow, USSR: Progress, 1986. 40-67 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign aid, Economic relations, Military aid, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: USSR-Ethiopia relations. Discusses the history of relations between the USSR and Ethiopia, especially their political and economic relations before and after the war. Outlines common threads in the two countries' revolutions and draws comparisons between the socialist goals of the two nations. 5413 Halliday, Fred, and Maxine Molyneux. "L'Union Soviétique et la révolution éthiopienne." In: La Corne de l'Afrique: questions nationales et politique internationales, edited by Cao-Huy Thuan, Colin Legum, Fred Halliday, and Maxine Molyneux. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1986. 115-138 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: International relations, Revolutionary movement, Military alliance, Geopolitics. KEYWORDS: COPWE (Commission for Organizing the Party of Working People of Ethiopia); PTE (Parti des Travailleurs d'Ethiopie); USSR-Ethiopia relations. Explores the historical origin and the strategic role of EthiopiaUSSR relations. Addresses the economic, diplomatic, and military alliance factors in such relations, from the reign of Emperor Haile Selassie to the revolution that overthrew him. 5414 Harris, Joseph E. "Race and misperceptions in the origins of United States-Ethiopian diplomatic relations." TransAfrica Forum 3, no. 2 (Winter 1986): 9-23. SUBJECTS: International relations, D i p l o m a t i c relations, E c o n o m i c relations, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: US-Ethiopia relations. Reviews diplomatic relations between the US and Ethiopia since the beginning of the twentieth century. Highlights racial problems in diplomatic circles and the reactions of African Americans and young educated Ethiopians. 5415 Keller, Edmond J. "The politics of state survival: Continuity and change in Ethiopian foreign policy." The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 489 (January 1987): 76-87. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Human rights, Nation-state. KEYWORDS: PMAC (Provisional Military Administrative Council); Haile Selassie I; Eritrea. Proposes that Ethiopia's foreign policy priorities have been motivated by persistent claims for self-determination, expressed by politically subordinate ethnic communities that question the legitimacy of Amhara hegemony. 5416 Korn, David. Ethiopia, the United States and the Soviet Union. London: Croom Helm, 1986. 199 pp. biblio, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Somalia, Sudan. SUBJECTS: International relations, Drought, Coup d'état, Political history, Diplomatic relations, Famine. KEYWORDS: Mengistu Haile Mariam; US-Ethiopia relations; USSR-Ethiopia relations. Presents US efforts to reach a better understanding with the government of Ethiopia. Discusses how relations between the US and Ethiopia broke down in the mid-1970s following the revolution and

ETHIOPIA/General

how the government that emerged from the revolution allied itself with the USSR. 5417 Laitin, David. ' T h e Ogaden question and changes in Somali identity." In: State versus Ethnic Claims: African Policy Dilemmas, edited by Donald Rothchild and Victor A. Olorunsola. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1983. 331-349 pp. ALSO COVERS: Somalia. SUBJECTS: Diplomatic relations, Superpower politics, Government analysis, Ethnicity. KEYWORDS: Somalia-Ethiopia relations; Oromo people; OAU; Ogaden Province, Ethiopia. 5418 Luckmam, Robin, and Da wit Bekele. "Foreign powers and militarism in the Horn of Africa: Part II." Review of African Political Economy 31 (December 1984): 7-28. tables. ALSO COVERS: Somalia, Sudan. SUBJECTS: International relations, Technical assistance, Military aid, Oil industry, Superpower politics, Arms industry, Regional security. KEYWORDS: USSR-East Africa relations; Eritrea; Horn of Africa. 5419 Nzo-Nguty, Bernard T. "Impact and contradictions of United States military assistance to Ethiopia." African Studies Association Papers 25, no. 71 (November 1982): 1-33. tables. ALSO COVERS: Somalia. SUBJECTS: International relations, Military aid, MarxismLeninism, Foreign policy, Military intervention. KEYWORDS: Eritrea; US-Ethiopia relations; Horn of Africa. 5420 Petras, James F., and Morris H. Morley. "The Ethiopian military state and Soviet-US involvement in the Horn of Africa." Review of African Political Economy 30 (September 1984): 21-31. ALSO COVERS: Sudan, Somalia. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic analysis, Foreign aid, Military aid, Capitalism. KEYWORDS: Eritrea; Horn of Africa; US-East Africa relations; USSR-East Africa relations. 5421 Polyakov, Grigori. "Soviet-Ethiopian cooperation in agriculture." In: Ethiopia: Rural Development Options, edited by Siegfried Pausewang, Fantu Cheru, Stefan Briine, and Eshetu Chole. London: Zed, 1990. 79-88 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: International relations, International cooperation, Agricultural development. KEYWORDS: Soviet Union-Ethiopia relations; Glasnost; Perestroika. Analyzes the economic relations in general and agricultural cooperation in particular between Ethiopia and the USSR after the glasnost and perestroika revolutions of Gorbachev. Examines how the political changes in Eastern Europe, especially in the USSR, will affect the socialist orientation of Ethiopia. 5422 Rait, M., and Y. Sharapova. "Ethiopia's foreign policy," translated by Nadezhda Burova. In: Ten Years of the Ethiopian Revolution, edited by N. I. Gavrilov, M. V. Rait, V. I. Sharayev, and Y. S. Sherr. Moscow, USSR: Progress, 1986. 183-196 pp. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, International economic relations, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: OAU. Discusses the history of Ethiopian foreign affairs and Ethiopia's relations with its socialist counterparts and its border states. Outlines Ethiopia's foreign policy and its goals in relation to the OAU, the UN, and other international organizations. States its support for the nonaligned movement and for nonintervention. 5423 Sasaran, Eli J. "Ethiopia—Mengistu's northern crisis." Journal of Third World Studies 6, no. 1 (Spring 1989): 63-79. SUBJECTS: National liberation movement, Authoritarian government, International relations, S u p e r p o w e r politics, C o n f l i c t resolution. KEYWORDS: Eritrea; Mengistu Haile Mariam; EPLF (Eritrean People's Liberation Front); TPLF (Tigray People's Liberation Front); USSR-Ethiopia relations. Provides an overview of the Eritrean conflict and the current prospects for peace. States that Ethiopian losses to the EPLF at Afabet

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and to the TPLF at Inda Silase in 1989, combined with decreasing support from the USSR, have forced the government to reevaluate its position on negotiations. 5424 Selassie, Bereket H. "American dilemma on the Horn." The Journal of Modern African Studies 22, no. 2 (June 1984): 249-272. ALSO COVERS: Somalia. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Conflict, Marxist analysis. KEYWORDS: Horn of Africa; Dergue; Mengistu Haile Mariam; EPLF (Eritrean People's Liberation Front); US-East Africa relations. 5425 Shehim, Kassim. "Israel-Ethiopian relations: Change and continuity." Northeast African Studies 10, no. 1 (1988): 25-37. tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, Diplomatic relations, Military aid, Trade relations. KEYWORDS: Israel-Ethiopia relations; Falasha people; Haile Selassie I; Dergue. Examines Israel-Ethiopia relations that continue to be maintained despite government changes in Addis Ababa. Explores the major policies followed by Ethiopia's government with regard to the ArabIsraeli conflict before and after the 1974 revolution. 5426 Shepherd, Jack. "Ethiopia: The use of food as an instrument of U.S. foreign policy." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 14 (1985): 4-9. SUBJECTS: International relations, Food policy, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: Mengistu Haile Mariam; Reagan, Ronald; USEthiopia relations. 5427 Tekle, Amare. "The determinants of the foreign policy of revolutionary Ethiopia." The Journal of Modern African Studies 27, no. 3 (September 1989): 479-502. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, National security, International relations, Marxism-Leninism, National liberation movement. KEYWORDS: Dergue; USSR-Ethiopia relations; Ethiopia-Somalia relations; Eritrea. Examines Ethiopia's foreign policy following the overthrow of Haile Selassie in 1974. Maintains that beyond forging closer ties with the USSR, little has changed despite the government's Marxist orientation. 5428 Thuan, Cao-Huy. "Les Etats-Unis, 1'Europe et l'Ethiopie." In: La Corne de I'Afrique: questions nationales et politique internationale, edited by Cao-Huy Thuan, Colin Legum, Fred Halliday, and Maxine Molyneux. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1986. 7-94 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Geopolitics, International relations, Strategic policy. KEYWORDS: Containment (geopolitic strategy); OAU; ELF (Eritrean Liberation Front). Explores the geopolitical conflict for strategic purpose between the US, Europe, and the USSR in Ethiopia. Examines the nondirect strategy of the US compared to the direct and military involvement of the USSR. SEE ALSO 1089, 1303, 1387, 1396, 1404, 1418, 5167, 5170, 5171, 5173, 5175, 5176, 6364,13263,13804.

General

5429 Abélès, Marc. Le Lieu du politique. Paris: Société d'Ethnographie, 1983. 239 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Traditional political system, Traditional society, Anthropological analysis, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: Ochollo Region, Ethiopia; Gamo Mountain; Ochollo people. 5430 Africa Watch. Ethiopia: "Mengistu Has Decided to Burn Us Like Wood" : Bombing of Civilians and Civilian Targets by the Air

364 • ETHIOPIA/General Force. New York: Africa Watch, 1990. 27 pp. SUBJECTS: Warfare, Human rights. KEYWORDS: Hausien, Ethiopia; Massawa, Ethiopia; Tigray people; Eritrea; Israel-Ethiopia relations. Describes the deliberate targeting of civilians and the destruction of Massawa. Details the killing of 1,000 civilians in Hausien and government denials of same. Portrays the objectives of air raids, the use of napalm and cluster bombs, and the advisory role of Israelis and of Soviets. 5431 Africa Watch. Ethiopia: Conscription: Abuses of Human Rights During Recruitment to the Armed Forces. New York: Africa Watch, 1990. 17 pp. SUBJECTS: Human rights, Armed forces, Children, Women's rights. KEYWORDS: conscription; national service. Describes the forcible conscription of Ethiopians into subSaharan Africa's largest standing army. Details the conscription of underaged children, the treatment of prisoners, press-ganging, and the conscription of women as prostitutes. 5432 Anyang'Nyong'o, Peter. "Ethiopia: The debate on delinking." In: Adjustment or Delinking? The African Experience, edited by Azzam Mahjoub. Tokyo, Japan: UN University Press, 1990.69-79 pp. SUBJECTS: Revolutionary movement, Economic dependency, Policy analysis, International economic system. KEYWORDS: Ethiopian Revolution 1974. Asks what has been achieved by the leaders of the Ethiopian revolution. Addresses whether they have achieved the promised break with the past, reoriented the country, or provided a development dynamic. Notes that despite the rhetoric, real similarities with the previous regime exist. Argues that oppression is a problem. 5433 Araya, Mesfin. "The Eritrean question: An alternative explanation." The Journal of Modern African Studies 28, no. 1 (March 1990): 79-100. SUBJECTS: Nation-building, Ethnicity, Civil war, Political violence. KEYWORDS: Eritrea; EPLF (Eritrean People's Liberation Front); Ethiopian Revolution 1974. Examines the history of Eritrean conflict with respect to Eritrea's nationalist claims. Argues that these claims are false due to the ethnic heterogeneity of its population. Maintains that the territory must be integrated into a democratic Ethiopian state to avoid greater crisis in the region. 5434 Aredo, Dejene, and Alemayehu Lirenso. "The utilization of a post-harvest technology: A case study of three service co-operative grain mills in Ethiopia." Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review 5, no. 2 (June 1989): 52-72. tables. SUBJECTS: Technology, Cooperatives, Women's studies, Rural population. KEYWORDS: grain; mills; agroindustry; Shenkora area, Ethiopia; Biftu Tokuma area, Ethiopia. Studies the use of cooperative grain mills by rural women. Based on field surveys taken during 1987 and 1988. Notes variations in use based on household income and distance.

tion Papers 26, no. 14 (December 1983): 1-27. SUBJECTS: International relations, Land tenure system, Higher education, Military aid, Marxist analysis. KEYWORDS: Haile Selassie I; Ogaden Province, Ethiopia; OAU; Dergue; Eritrea. 5438 Bauer, Dan. "The sacred and the secret: Order and chaos in Tigray medicine and politics." In: Creativity of Power: Cosmology and Action in African Societies, edited by W. Arens and Ivan Karp. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989. 225-243 pp. SUBJECTS: Traditional society, Christianity, Resource distribution. KEYWORDS: Tigray people; diviners. Examines the common cultural resources used by both high-prestige priests and disreputable diviners in Christian Ethiopia. Demonstrates that spatial categories, training, and key symbols are shared among the two groups, but manipulated differently. 5439 Baxter, P. T. W. "L'impact de la révolution chez les Oromo: comment ils l'ont perçu, comment ils ont réagi." In: La Révolution éthiopienne comme phénomène de société: essais, témoignages et documents, edited by Joseph Tubiana. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1990. 75-92 pp. biblio, other docs. SUBJECTS: Revolutionary movement, Nationalist movement, Ethnicity, Sociological analysis, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: Oromo people; OLF (Oromo Liberation Front). Draws on history to examine the conditions of the Oromo ethnic group under different political regimes and power systems before and after revolution in Ethiopia. Examines the impact of the Ethiopian revolution on Oromos and the root causes of the formation of the Oromo Liberation Front. 5440 Beauchamp, Kay, and Tony Gilbert. Ethiopia, an African Giant Awakens: A Liberation Pamphlet. London: Liberation, 1983.55 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Coup d'état, Literacy. KEYWORDS: COPWE (Commission for Organizing the Party of Working People of Ethiopia); Mengistu Haile Mariam; Haile Selassie I; Eritrea; PMAC (Provisional Military Administrative Council). 5441 Belachew, Hailu. "An understanding of urban growth and its consequences: The Ethiopian case." In: Studies in African and Asian Demography, edited by Cairo Demographic Centre. Cairo, Egypt: Cairo Demographic Centre, 1983. 287-323 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Housing policy, Population distribution, Rural-urban migration, Education level, Household analysis. 5442 Bergman, Pia. "A revolution even for women." In: The Peripheral Centre: Swedish Assistance to Africa in Relation to Women, edited by Karin Himmelstrand and Noella Bickham. Stockholm, Sweden: Swedish International Development Authority, 1985. 20-30 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Women's rights, Foreign aid, National development. KEYWORDS: SIDA (Swedish International Development Authority).

5435 Asfaw, Kumssa. "Ethiopia, revolution, and the national question: The case of the Oromos." Journal of African Studies 15, no. 1/2 (Spring/Summer 1988): 16-22. SUBJECTS: Revolutionary movement, Ethnic conflict, National identity. KEYWORDS: Oromo people; Haile Selassie I; Dergue. Examines the history of the Oromo people and their position within the Ethiopian state. Argues that this state was formed through the conquest and domination of national groups.

5443 Bergman, Pia. "The Dodota Water Project in Ethiopia." In: The Peripheral Centre: Swedish Assistance to Africa in Relation to Women, edited by Karin Himmelstrand and Noella Bickham. Stockholm, Sweden: Swedish International Development Authority, 1985. 31-37 pp. SUBJECTS: Water supply, Women and development, Irrigation. KEYWORDS: ARDU (Arssi Rural Development Unit); REWA (Revolutionary Ethiopian Women's Association); Arssi Region, Ethiopia; Dodota Water Project.

5436 Ayele, Negussay. "Brief profile of wars in the Horn of Africa." Northeast African Studies 6, no. 1/2 (1984): 1-12. ALSO COVERS: Somalia, Djibouti. SUBJECTS: Political economy studies, Superpower politics, Imperialism, Socialist revolution. KEYWORDS: Horn of Africa.

5444 Berhane, Kahasai. A Political and Legal Analysis of the Eritrean Question. Trenton, New Jersey: Africa Research and Publications Project, 1982. 25 pp. SUBJECTS: Political analysis, Liberation movement, Political economy studies, Legal system. KEYWORDS: Eritrea; separatist movement.

5437 Baissa, Marilyn Hall. "Foreign sources of Ethiopian domestic policy: The impact of the US and the USSR." African Studies Associa-

5445 Beyene, Asmelash. "Government responses to economic crisis:

ETHIOPIA/General • 3 6 5 The experience of Ethiopia." In: Economic Restructuring and African Public Administration: Issues, Actions and Future Choices, edited by M. Jide Balogun and Gelase Mutahaba. West Hartford, Connecticut: Kumarian, 1989. 149-175 pp. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Resettlement, Drought. KEYWORDS: villagization; World Bank. Examines ways the government attempted to revitalize the economy via development campaigns and how resettlement and villagization policies were used to combat drought. Discusses efforts by the World Bank and other agencies to force the government to undertake structural adjustment reforms. 5446 Bhagavan, M. R. Ethiopia: Development of Scientific and Technological Research and SAREC's Support 1979-1988. Stockholm, Sweden: SAREC, 1989. 120 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Research and development, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: ESTC (Ethiopian Science and Technology Commission); SAREC (Swedish Agency for Research Cooperation with Developing Countries). Traces the development of scientific and technological research during the 1970s and 1980s, concentrating on the period 1977-1987. Describes and analyzes Ethiopia's research structure, capacity, and funding. Addresses constraints that face Ethiopian researchers and research administrators. 5447 Bishaw, Makonnen, and Zenebech Gebre Medhin. Some SocioEconomic Factors Related to Rural Water Use. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Institute of Development Research, Addis Ababa University, 1983. 106 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Water supply, Public health, Household analysis, Socioeconomic analysis, Rural population. KEYWORDS: UN International Drinking Water and Sanitation Decade 1980-1990. 5448 Bulcha, Mekuria. Flight and Integration: Causes of Mass Exodus from Ethiopia and Problems of Integration in the Sudan. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1988. 256 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Sudan. SUBJECTS: Refugee migration, Economic integration, Demographic analysis. Identifies the root causes of refugee-producing conflicts in Ethiopia and describes their ramifications. Examines the process of transition from a citizen to a refugee. Explores problems that respondents encounter in the process of their integration into Sudanese society. 5449 Bureau, Jacques. Ethiopie: un drame imperial rouge. Paris: Ramsay, 1987. 315 pp. biblio, other docs. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Sociological analysis, Anthropological analysis, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: Amhara people; Falasha people; Menelik II; Haile Selassie I. Draws on history, anthropology, ethnography, and religious myths to address such Ethiopian problems as the origins of the imperial power system (from the Queen of Saba to Haile Selassie I), Italian colonial domination, USSR assistance, the Falasha Jewish problem, and the great famine. 5450 Cahsai, Berhane. "Une Etude politique et juridique de la question érythréenne." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 217/218 (1984): 3-30. SUBJECTS: Populism, Liberation movement. KEYWORDS: Eritrea; Haile Selassie I; OAU; UN General Assembly Resolution 390 A (V) 1950. 5451 Chege, Michael. "Conflict in the Horn of Africa." In: Africa: Perspectives on Peace and Development, edited by Emmanuel Hansen. London: Zed, 1987. 87-100 pp. ALSO COVERS: Somalia, Djibouti. SUBJECTS: Revolutionary movement, Conflict, Superpower politics. KEYWORDS: Dergue; Horn of Africa; WSLF (Western Somalia Liberation Front). Discusses the origins and progression of political conflict in the Horn of Africa with an analysis of past attempts at negotiating solutions to the problem. Also discusses lessons learned from prior military

engagements. 5452 Chole, Eshetu, and Teshome Mulat. Land Settlement in Ethiopia: A Review of Developments. E. Chole and T. Mulat, 1984. 55 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Resettlement, Policy analysis, Land distribution. KEYWORDS: Proclamation No. 173,1979; RRC (Relief and Rehabilitation Committee). 5453 Clapham, Christopher. "Ethiopia." In: The Political Economy of African Foreign Policy: Comparative Analysis, edited by Timothy M. Shaw and Olajide Aluko. Aldershot, UK: Gower Publishing Company, 1984.79-93 pp. SUBJECTS: Revolutionary movement, Historical analysis, Trade policy. KEYWORDS: Haile Selassie I; Dergue. 5454 Clapham, Christopher. Transformation and Continuity in Revolutionary Ethiopia. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1988.284 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Government analysis, Agricultural production, Nationalism, Literacy. KEYWORDS: revolution; COPWE (Commission for Organizing the Party of Working People of Ethiopia); social control. Explores the effects of the Ethiopian revolution on the Ethiopian people. Examines the set of circumstances that must be present in order for a collapse of the existing institutional order to occur and analyzes the measures implemented to construct a new institutional order. 5455 Clay, Edward, and Elisabeth Everitt, eds. Food Aid and Emergencies: A Report on the Third IDS Food Aid Seminar. Brighton, UK: Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, 1985. 61 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Somalia. SUBJECTS: Foreign aid, Food aid. KEYWORDS: voluntary organizations. 5456 Clay, Jason. "The case of Bale." In: The Spoils of Famine: Ethiopian Famine Policy and Peasant Agriculture, edited by Jason Clay, Sandra Steingraber, and Peter Niggli. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Cultural Survival, 1988. 136-156 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Refugee migration, Case study, Agricultural cooperatives. KEYWORDS: Bale Region, Ethiopia; Oromo people; villagization; forced relocation. Analyzes the Ethiopian government's villagization program, using the village of Bale as a case study. Discusses the methods used by the government to settle the peasants into villages and gives statistics for the Bale area. 5457 Clay, Jason. "The case of Hararghe: The testimony of refugees in Somalia." In: The Spoils of Famine: Ethiopian Famine Policy and Peasant Agriculture, edited by Jason Clay, Sandra Steingraber, and Peter Niggli. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Cultural Survival, 1988. 157-199 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Somalia. SUBJECTS: F a m i n e , R e f u g e e m i g r a t i o n , Case study, Human rights. KEYWORDS: political refugee; forced relocation. Draws on extensive interviews with Ethiopian refugees in order to study that government's human rights abuses, villagization policies, and political and religious persecution. Discusses the impact of government action on farmers' ability to resist famine conditions. 5458 Cohen, John M., and Ingvar Johnson. "The size of peasant association holdings and government policies: Questions raised by recent research in Arsi Region, Ethiopia." Northeast African Studies 9, no. 1 (1987): 97-103. tables. SUBJECTS: Peasant economy, Land tenure system. KEYWORDS: peasant associations; Arsi Region, Ethiopia. Presents research findings from the Arsi Region, Ethiopia, concerning the accuracy of postrevolutionary data about the size of the land area under the jurisdiction of peasant associations. Provides data for designing future peasant association holding studies. 5459 Cohen, John M., and Nils-Ivar Isaksson. "Villagisation in Ethiopia's Arsi Region." The Journal of Modern African Studies 25,

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no. 3 (September 1987): 435-465. SUBJECTS: Peasant society, Resettlement, Population distribution. KEYWORDS: Arsi Region, Ethiopia; villagization. Addresses a number of Western criticisms of Ethiopian villagization policy and actions toward the Ethiopian peasant population. Argues that critics are correct in pointing out failures in conception and implementation but have overemphasized the amount of coercion used, falsely identifying it as collectivization. 5460 Davidson, Basil. "The Eritrean question: The way forward." In: The Long Struggle of Eritrea for Independence and Constructive Peace, edited by Lionel Cliffe and Basil Davidson. Nottingham, UK: Spokesman, 1987. 188-202 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Intervention policy, Political development, Economic development, Selfdetermination. KEYWORDS: Eritrea; peace process. Discusses the prospects for a resolution of the Ethiopian-Eritrean conflict and the peace process needed for the area. Outlines past diplomatic attempts and conditions for peace in the region. Analyzes the role that the international community can play in the regional process. 5461 Dougherty, James E. The Horn of Africa: A Map of PoliticalStrategic Conflict. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis, 1982. 74 pp. maps. ALSO COVERS: Somalia, Djibouti. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Intervention policy, Regional conflict, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: US-Ethiopiarelations; Greater Somaliland movement; Eritrea; Horn of Africa. 5462 Firebrace, James, and Gayle Smith. The Hidden Revolution: An Analysis of Social Change in Tigray (Northern Ethiopia ) Based on Eyewitness Accounts. London: War on Want, 1982. 92 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Self-help, Refugees, Rural development, Political development, Revolutionary movement, Social change. KEYWORDS: Tigre Region, Ethiopia; TPLF (Tigray People's Liberation Front). 5463 Gebeyehu, Asamenew G. W. "Background to the crisis in Ethiopia (Part two: The post monarchy predicament)." Ufahamu 18, no. 2 (Spring 1990): 2-12. biblio. SUBJECTS: Revolutionary movement, Authoritarian government. KEYWORDS: Ethiopian Revolution 1974. Explores whether the revolution changed any of the conditions that the revolutionaries promised to change. Argues that very little has changed, except that the average person is worse off. 5464 Gebre-Medhin, Jordan. "Nationalism, peasant politics and the emergence of a vanguard front in Eritrea." Review of African Political Economy 30 (September 1984): 48-57. SUBJECTS: Social change, Nationalist movement, Land reform, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: ELF (Eritrean Liberation Front); EPLF (Eritrean People's Liberation Front); modes of production. 5465 Gebre-Medhin, Jordan. "The EPLF and peasant power in Eritrea." Horn of Africa 5, no. 4 (1982/1983): 46-50. SUBJECTS: Land reform, Land distribution, Peasant society. KEYWORDS: ELF (Eritrean Liberation Front); EPLF (Eritrean People's Liberation Front). 5466 Habte-Selassie, Bereket. "The Eritrean question in international law." Horn of Africa 6, no. 2 (1983): 25-30. ALSO COVERS: Somalia. SUBJECTS: International relations, International law. KEYWORDS: UN General Assembly Resolution 390 A (V) 1950; International Commission of Jurists; Eritrea; US-Ethiopia relations; USSR-Ethiopia relations. 5467 Haile, Fekerte. "Women fuelwood carriers and the supply of household energy in Addis Ababa." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 23, no. 3 (1989):

442-451. tables. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Energy use, Household economy. KEYWORDS: firewood; Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Examines the materials and methods, the carriers, the activity, the economic returns, and the problems of women wood carriers in Addis Ababa. 5468 Henze, Paul B. Ethiopia in Early 1989: Deepening Crisis. Santa Monica, California: Rand, 1989. 63 pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Resettlement. KEYWORDS: Gojjam Region, Ethiopia; villagization; Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Offers the author's impressions and conversations experienced on a visit to Ethiopia in early 1989. 5469 Henze, Paul B. Ethiopia's Economic Prospects for the 1990s. Santa Monica, California: Rand, 1989.14 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Marxism-Leninism, Industrial development, Military budget. Analyzes the deterioration of key sectors of the Ethiopian economy and projects current trends into the 1990s. Concludes that none of the adverse trends can be reversed without fundamental changes made by the government. 5470 Henze, Paul B. Ethiopia: Contrasts and Contradictions. Santa Monica, California: Rand, 1987. 32 pp. SUBJECTS: Resettlement, Village development, Liberation movement. KEYWORDS: USSREthiopia relations; Gurage people; Eritrea. Summarizes the findings of a March 1987 visit to Ethiopia by the author. Focuses on resettlement, villagization, and Eritrean liberation issues. 5471 Henze, Paul B. Glasnost about Building Socialism in Ethiopia: Analysis of a Critical Soviet Article. Santa Monica, California: Rand, 1990. 33 pp. SUBJECTS: Socialism, Economic crisis, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: Mengistu Haile Mariam; USSR-Ethiopia relations. A critique of an article addressing USSR-Ethiopia relations that appeared in 1989 in the Soviet journal NarodyAzii iAfriki, supposedly written by Galina Krylova. Concludes that the article failed to consider key features of the USSR-Ethiopia relationship. 5472 Ibrahim, A. M. "Development of the Nile River system." In: The Nile Valley Countries: Continuity and Change, edited by M. O. Beshir. Khartoum, Sudan: University of Khartoum, 1984. 87-121 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Sudan. SUBJECTS: Irrigation, Historical analysis, Political analysis, Water supply. KEYWORDS: Nile River; hydroelectric energy; Nile Waters Agreement 1959; EgyptSudan relations. 5473 Jinadu, L. Adele. "Soviet influence on Afro-Marxist regimes: Ethiopia and Mozambique." In: Afro-Marxist Regimes: Ideology and Public Policy, edited by Edmond J. Keller and Donald Rothchild. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1987. 225-256 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Mozambique. SUBJECTS: International relations, Marxism-Leninism. KEYWORDS: USSR-Ethiopia relations; USSRMozambique relations; African Marxism. Focuses on the forms and modalities of bilateral relations between the USSR and Ethiopia and Mozambique. Argues that cultivation of these relationships by the USSR is part of its general global strategy of confrontation with the West. 5474 Kaplan, Steven. "Court and periphery in Ethiopian Christianity." In: Rural and Urban Islam in West Africa, edited by Nehemia Levtzion and Humphrey J. Fisher. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1987. 135-146 pp. SUBJECTS: Christianity, Historical analysis. Analyzes the differences that existed between the royal court monks and those monks opposed to the royal court. Suggests that each of the three Christian monastic movements that arose during the Solomonic period represented an attempt by regional groups to oppose

ETHIOPIA/General

the encroachment of the Solomonic kings on traditional rights and privileges. 5475 Kelemen, Paul. "A critique of the Ethiopian revolution." Horn of Africa 5, no. 2 (1982): 18-31. SUBJECTS: Military government, Class analysis, Socialist revolution. KEYWORDS: Eritrea; Ethiopian Revolution 1974. 5476 Keller, Edmond J. "Black Americans and U.S. policy on the Horn of Africa." Horn of Africa 5, no. 4 (1982/1983): 32-37. ALSO COVERS: East Africa. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Foreign policy, Cultural identity. KEYWORDS: Haile Selassie I; US-East Africa relations; Horn of Africa. 5477 Keller, Edmond J. "Black Americans and U.S. policy toward the Horn of Africa." TransAfrica Forum 2, no. 3 (Fall 1984): 15-25. tables. ALSO COVERS: East Africa. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Cultural identity, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: Haile Selassie I; US-East Africa relations; Horn of Africa. 5478 Keller, Edmond J. "Ethiopia: Revolution, class and the national question." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 80, no. 321 (October 1981): 519-549. tables. ALSO COVERS: East Africa. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Ethnic conflict, Nationalism, Historical analysis, Marxism. KEYWORDS: Haile Selassie I; Ethiopian Revolution 1974. 5479 Keller, Edmond J. "Revolution and transformation of Ethiopia's twentieth-century bureaucratic empire." The Journal of Modern African Studies 19, no. 2 (June 1981): 307-335. SUBJECTS: Political parties, Revolutionary movement, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: Haile Selassie I; Dergue. 5480 Keller, Edmond J. "Revolutionary Ethiopia: Ideology, capacity and the limits of state autonomy." The Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics 23, no. 1 (March 1985): 112-139. SUBJECTS: Socialist revolution, Centrally planned economy, State power. KEYWORDS: Dergue; Mengistu Haile Mariam; WPE (Workers' Party of Ethiopia). 5481 Kesteren, Jose Van. "Female workers in Addis Ababa." Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review 4, no. 1 (January 1988): 17-31. tables. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Labor force, Urban poverty. KEYWORDS: Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Examines women's labor force participation in a poor neighborhood of Addis Ababa. Based on a survey of 794 women in 1987. Describes the characteristics of those surveyed, their working status, and their reasons for not working. 5482 Koehn, Peter, and Brian D'Silva. "Analysing the Ethiopian revolution: A rebuttal." The Journal of Modern African Studies 20, no. 3 (September 1982): 513-519. SUBJECTS: Political analysis, Agricultural production. KEYWORDS: Cohen, John M.; Dergue; Ethiopian Revolution 1974. 5483 Lirenso, Alemayehu. Problems of Rural Employment: A Preliminary Assessment of Factors Affecting Local Traders in Kembata and Hadiya. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Institute of Development Research, Addis Ababa University, 1982. 28 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Rural-urban migration, Employment policy, Entrepreneurship, Economic development, Rural development. KEYWORDS: Kembata, Ethiopia; Hadiya, Ethiopia. 5484 Lyons, Terrence. 'The United States and Ethiopia: The politics of a patron-client relationship." Northeast African Studies 8, no. 2/3 (1986): 53-75. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic dependency. KEYWORDS: US-Ethiopia relations; Horn of Africa; Haile Selassie I.

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Discusses the patron-client relationship between the US and Ethiopia from World War II through the 1960s, claiming that both countries benefited from the relationship. Concludes that the US was forced to distance itself from Ethiopia due to Ethiopia's domestic conflicts. 5485 Markakis, John. "Nationalist revolution in Eritrea." The Journal of Modern African Studies 26, no. 1 (March 1988): 51-70. SUBJECTS: Nationalism, Military aid, Foreign aid, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: factionalism; ELF (Eritrean Liberation Front); ELM (Eritrean Liberation Movement); EPLF (Eritrean People's Liberation Front). Discusses the origins of Eritrean nationalism, the ELM, and the ELF. Traces the collapse of the initial liberation movement, contending that the difficulty lay in the inability of the factions involved to agree on either how liberation should be achieved or what that liberation should look like. 5486 Mengistae, Taye. "Urban-rural relations in agrarian change. An historical overview." In: Ethiopia: Rural Development Options, edited by Siegfried Pausewang, Fantu Cheru, Stefan Briine, and Eshetu Chole. London: Zed, 1990. 30-37 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Ruralurban relations, Agrarian reform, Land reform, Urbanization. Gives a historical overview of changes in the agrarian economy and urban-rural relations. Examines the agrarian policies undertaken by the Ethiopian government to address urban development and rural development problems. 5487 Michael, H. W. "Zemecha: An attempt at rural transformation in Ethiopia." In: Approaches to Rural Transformation in Eastern Africa, edited by H. W. O. Okoth-Ogendo. Nairobi, Kenya: Bookwise, 1981. 77-105 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Land distribution, Land reform, Resource distribution. KEYWORDS: Zemecha. 5488 Milkias, Paulos. Ethiopia: A Comprehensive Bibliography. Boston, Massachusetts: G. K. Hall, 1989.694 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Agricultural sector, Arts, Economic analysis, Geographical analysis, Historical analysis, International relations. A bibliography of materials in English, Amharic, Tigrigna, Oromic, German, Italian, and French, with some materials in Russian, Greek, Dutch, and Swedish, written about Ethiopia over the past nineteen centuries. Demonstrates the breadth and depth of writing in indigenous languages. 5489 Odesola, Segun N. "Ethiopia's unfulfilled revolution." Journal of African Studies 15, no. 1/2 (Spring/Summer 1988): 10-15. SUBJECTS: Revolutionary movement, National development. Reviews the development and revolutionary history of Ethiopia. Examines the many problems that face socioeconomic development in Ethiopia. 5490 Ottaway, Marina, ed. The Political Economy of Ethiopia. New York: Praeger, 1990. 251 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Political economy studies, State power, Constitutional development, Peasant class, Foreign policy, Development policy, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: PDRE (People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia); TPLF (Tigray People's Liberation Front); PMAC (Provisional Military Administrative Council). Examines the political economy of Ethiopia. Concentrates on the political aspects of the transition from the PMAC to the PDRE. Explores the issues surrounding the Ethiopian state and the national question, focusing on the cases of Eritrea, Bale, and Tigray. Analyzes the economic and agricultural crises in Ethiopia. Touches upon the development strategy of Ethiopia. 5491 Pankhurst, Alula. "The administration of resettlement in Ethiopia since the revolution." In: Forced Labour and Migration:

368 • ETHIOPIA/General Patterns of Movement within Africa, edited by Abebe Zegeye and Shubi Ishemo. London: Hans Zell, 1989. 319-369 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Resettlement, Demographic analysis. KEYWORDS: RRC (Relief and Rehabilitation Committee). Classifies resettlement schemes by type of settler, motivation, settlement environment, and external organization. Considers differences between conventional high-cost settlement clusters and lowcost "integrated" settlements with reference to scale, concentration, and inputs. 5492 Pankhurst, Richard, Ahmed Zekaria, and Taddese Beyene, eds. Proceedings of the First National Conference of Ethiopian Studies. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Institute of Ethiopian Studies, Addis Ababa University, 1990. 534 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Political analysis, Mass media, Cooperatives, Urban planning policy, Anthropological analysis, Education system, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: Arsi Region, Ethiopia; Bale Region, Ethiopia; Ethiopian Herald; Hanar people; spatial analysis. A wide-ranging collection of articles on Ethiopia. Addresses traditional political discourse, the education system, the qualifications ofjournalists, the state of the discipline, the history of accounting, rural cooperatives, national archives, and the spatial pattern of streets in Addis Ababa. 5493 Parfitt, Tudor. Operation Moses: The Story of the Exodus of the Falasha Jews from Ethiopia. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1985. SUBJECTS: International relations, Religion. KEYWORDS: Falasha people; Jewish people; Ethiopia-Israel relations. 5494 Pateman, Roy. "Liberté, égalité, fraternité: Aspects of the Eritrean revolution." The Journal of Modern African Studies 28, no. 3 (September 1990): 457-472. SUBJECTS: National liberation movement, Civil war. KEYWORDS: Eritrea; EPLF (Eritrean People's Liberation Front). Explores the effects of the Eritrean conflict on the ideology and organization of the EPLF. States that the conflict's length and the poverty of the territory have required the decentralization of authority and a more egalitarian distribution of resources. Maintains this will continue after the conflict ends. 5495 Pausewang, Siegfried. "'Meret le Arrashu,' land tenure and access to land: A socio-historical overview." In: Ethiopia: Rural Development Options, edited by Siegfried Pausewang, Fantu Cheru, Stefan Briine, and Eshetu Chole. London: Zed, 1990. 38-48 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Land tenure system, Land reform, Land-use policy, Historical analysis. Draws on historical analysis to examine the land tenure system in Ethiopia. Examines the land reform and agrarian policies undertaken by the government. 5496 Rabeh, Omar Osman. "La Révolution éthiopienne et le problème des nationalités dans la Cornea de l'Afrique: Somalie occidentale et Erythrée." In: La Révolution éthiopienne comme phénomène de société: essais, témoignages et documents, edited by Joseph Tubiana. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1990. 93-100 pp. maps, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Somalia. SUBJECTS: Revolutionary movement, Nationalism, Regional conflict, Geopolitics. KEYWORDS: western Somalia; Menelik II; Haile Selassie I; Mengistu Haile Mariam; Eritrea. Provides a brief historical and geopolitical account of Ethiopian expansionism in the region of the Horn of Africa. Examines the nationalist problems and movements in Eritrea and western Somalia that opposed the Ethiopian movement. 5497 Rahmato, Dessalegn. "Peasant survival strategies." In: Beyond the Famine: An Examination of the Issues behind Famine in Ethiopia, edited by Angela Prose. Geneva, Switzerland: Food for the Hungry International, 1988. 1-54 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Peasant society,

Famine. KEYWORDS: Wollo Province, Ethiopia. Discusses the traditional means by which peasants have dealt with famine situations. States that the seeking of food relief from outside sources has always been the last resort of peasants. Argues that traditional means of survival still save more people than does the relief supplied by Western aid agencies. 5498 Research and Information Centre on Eritrea. Bibliography on Eritrea. Rome, Italy: Research and Information Centre on Eritrea, 1982.235 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography. KEYWORDS: RICE (Research and Information Centre on Eritrea); Eritrea. 5499 Robinson, Warren C., and Fumiko Yamazaki. "Agriculture, Population, and Economic Planning in Ethiopia, 1953-1980." The Journal of Developing Areas 20, no. 3 (April 1986): 327-338. tables. SUBJECTS: Political history, Agricultural development, Economic development. Discusses government efforts to affect the traditional mode of peasant cultivation prior to 1974. States that the structural changes introduced since 1974 have had adverse effects on both productivity and yields. Concludes that the only changes have been in an accelerated population growth and the declining availability of arable land. 5500 Shehim, Kassim. "Ethiopia, revolution, and the question of nationalities: The case of Afar." The Journal of Modern African Studies 23, no. 2 (June 1985): 331-348. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Liberation movement, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: Menelik II; Haile Selassie I; Dergue; ANLM (Afar National Liberation Movement). 5501 Sherr, Ye. S. "Ways of disseminating the ideas of scientific socialism in Ethiopia." Africa in Soviet Studies (1986): 75-85. SUBJECTS: Informal education, Socialism. KEYWORDS: COPWE (Commission for Organizing the Party of Working People of Ethiopia); political education. Contends that immature socioclass relations, the low consciousness of the working people, and the ban on political parties and strikes have intensified the plight of Ethiopia's working class. Discusses efforts by the Ethiopian government to stop the flow of information. 5502 Stahl, Michael. "Capturing the peasants through cooperatives—the case of Ethiopia." Review of African Political Economy 44 (1989): 27-46. SUBJECTS: Peasant class, Agricultural cooperatives. KEYWORDS: All Ethiopian Peasants Association; Service Cooperative; PC (Producers' Cooperatives); Ethiopian Ministry of Agriculture; Hyden, Goren. Examines the methods Ethiopia has employed to capture the peasantry through cooperatives and state programs. Contends that although the state has been effective due to its relatively developed administrative sector, it has failed to increase the agricultural production to the level necessary to meet population growth. 5503 Stahl, Michael. "Capturing the peasants through cooperatives: The case of Ethopia." In: State, Cooperatives and Rural Change, edited by Bjorn Gyllstrom and Franz-Michael Rundquist. Lund, Sweden: Lund University Press, 1989. 57-89 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Cooperatives, Peasant class, Political analysis, Agricultural production. KEYWORDS: PC (Producers* Cooperatives); AMC (Agricultural Marketing Corporation). Explores the actual functioning of service and producers' cooperatives in Kenya. Assesses whether these cooperatives increase peasant production and examines the motives for and character of state intervention in peasant agriculture. 5504 Stahl, Michael. Constraints to Environmental Rehabilitation through People's Participation in the Northern Ethiopian Highlands. Geneva, Switzerland: UN Research Institute for Social Development,

ETHIOPIA/Health 1990. 21 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Environmental degradation, Landuse policy. KEYWORDS: conservation; soil erosion. Reports on the environmental problems facing people of the northern Ethiopian highlands, ongoing attempts to arrest environmental degradation in the area, and factors influencing the outcome of such attempts. 5505 Sumbatyan, Y. "Standing guard over the gains of the revolution: Ethiopia's armed forces," translated by Nadezhda Burova. In: Ten Years of the Ethiopian Revolution, edited by N. I. Gavrilov, M. V. Rait, V. I. Sharayev, and Y. S. Sherr. Moscow, USSR: Progress, 1986. 162-173 pp. SUBJECTS: Military policy, Socialist revolution. KEYWORDS: COPWE (Commission for Organizing the Party of Working People of Ethiopia). Discusses the role of the Ethiopian army in preserving and spreading the socialist revolution within Ethiopia. Outlines the organization and functions of the local militias. Examines the political role of the military during the 1974 revolution and its continuing role in national leadership. 5506 Teferra, Daniel. Social History and Theoretical Analyses of the Economy of Ethiopia. Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellen, 1990.122 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Industrialization, Development theory, Economic analysis, Famine. KEYWORDS: Axum Province, Ethiopia; Amhara Province, Ethiopia; Gondar Province, Ethiopia; Oroma Province, Ethiopia; Damot Province, Ethiopia. Analyzes Ethiopian development by region. Evaluates Ethiopia's rulers, current economic trends, the famines of the 1970s and 1980s, and the development debate between capitalism and socialism. 5507 Terhas, Magos. "Women and the Eritrean revolution." Horn of Africa 4, no. 2 (1981): 32-36. SUBJECTS: Marriage, Women's rights, National liberation movement. KEYWORDS: Ethiopian Orthodox Church. 5508 Tubiana, Joseph. "Le Langage de la révolution." In: La Révolution éthiopienne comme phénomène de société: essais, témoignages et documents, edited by Joseph Tubiana. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1990. 101-119 pp. biblio, other docs. SUBJECTS: Language policy, Revolutionary movement, Political analysis, Sociological analysis. KEYWORDS: Amharique language. Provides a brief analysis of how, throughout history, a national language (Amharique, which was given prevalence over many other languages) was used by the different power systems for political and ethnic reasons. Claims that the Ethiopian revolution also used the same strategy to build up a specific political language by the use of Amharique. 5509 Tubiana, Marie-José. "La Famine: phénomène climatique? Phénomène politique?" In: La Révolution éthiopienne comme phénomène de société: essais, témoignages et documents, edited by Joseph Tubiana. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1990. 63-74 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Famine, Ecological analysis, Political analysis. Draws on a survey to provide an analysis of the causes of famine in Ethiopia. Considers various reasons such as climate, politics, and drought conditions to address a recurrent famine. 5510 UN Industrial Development Organization. Computers for Industrial Management in Africa: The Case of Ethiopia. Geneva, Switzerland: UNIDO, 1990.38 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Technical training, Technology, Management, Industrial sector. KEYWORDS: computers. Studies the present level of computer usage in industrial management and examines obstacles to wider use. Presents itself as a basis for the development of technical assistance programs and enhanced international cooperation. Concludes that obstacles to expanded use are many and include economic and technical factors.

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5511 Waller, James. Fau: Portrait of an Ethiopian Famine. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland, 1990. 147 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Refugees, Famine, Mortality rate. KEYWORDS: IRC (International Rescue Committee); El Fau, Sudan. Deals with the Ethiopian famine in a broad historical sense. Focuses on Fau, a relief camp of 40,000 refugees near the Sudanese town of El Fau. Focuses on the author-doctor, who worked in the camp for eighteen months. 5512 Woldemeskel, Getachew. "The consequences of resettlement in Ethiopia." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 88, no. 352 (July 1989): 359-374. SUBJECTS: Resettlement, Famine, Environmental degradation, Population policy. KEYWORDS: Metekel Province, Ethiopia; Gumaz people. Questions the government's justifications for moving refugees to the Metekel area and claims that the move was made without appropriate consideration for the environment or the people of the area. Concludes that the government's efforts to tackle land scarcity, famine, and ecological degradation in the highlands have resulted in the spread of the same problems to the lowlands. 5513 Wood, Adrian P. "Population redistribution and agricultural settlement schemes in Ethiopia, 1958-80." In: Population and Development Projects in Africa, edited by John I. Clarke, Mustafa Khogali, and Leszek A. Kosinski. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1985. 84-111 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Resettlement, Population distribution, Agricultural development. KEYWORDS: WADU (Wollamo Agricultural Development Unit); MLRA (Ministry of Land Reform and Administration). 5514 Wood, Adrian P. "Spontaneous agricultural resettlement in Ethiopia, 1950-74." In: Redistribution of Population in Africa, edited by John I. Clarke and Leszek A. Kosinski. London: Heinemann, 1982. 157-164 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Resettlement, Population distribution, Agricultural sector. 5515 Yohannes, Okbazghi. "The Eritrean question: A colonial case?" The Journal of Modern African Studies 25, no. 4 (December 1987): 643-668. SUBJECTS: Political analysis, Independence movement. KEYWORDS: Eritrea; EPLF (Eritrean People's Liberation Front). Examines both sides of the dispute over Eritrean sovereignty, particularly the attempt by the Eritrean leadership of the EPLF to cast blame for Eritrea's plight on an American-centered imperialism, which thus diverts attention from the responsibility of the Ethiopian government. SEE ALSO 1829, 1928, 3767, 3941, 5184, 5194, 5222, 6427, 6492, 9217, 10363, 11388, 13270, 13272, 13289, 13842, 13858, 13873, 13889, 13890,13914.

Health

5516 Abegaz, Berhanu. "Papers in Ethiopian demography II: Levels and patterns of fertility and mortality." Northeast African Studies 7, no. 2 (1985): 1-21. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Demographic analysis, Fertility, Mortality rate. 5517 Buschkens, W. F. L., and L. J. Slikkerveer. Health Care in East Africa: Illness Behaviour of the Eastern Oromo in Hararghe, Ethiopia. Assen, Netherlands: V. Gorcum, 1982.142 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Public health, Health care system, Traditional medicine. KEYWORDS: Oromo people; Hararghe Region, Ethiopia.

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5518 Getahun, Adugna. "Aspects of health and famine in rural Ethiopia." In: Beyond the Famine: An Examination of the Issues behind Famine in Ethiopia, edited by Angela Penrose. Geneva, Switzerland: Food for the Hungry International, 1988. 142-186 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Public health, Famine, Health care policy, Nutrition, Health service, Health care system. KEYWORDS: Ethiopian famine 1984-1986; disaster relief. Examines health and nutrition in light of the issues raised by the 1984-1986 famine. Underlines the need to pool and preserve information vital to preparations for future famines. Outlines the central elements of emergency health care relevant to disaster relief and gives examples of each element. 5519 Kidane, Asmerom, and Azbaha Haile. "Determinants and consequences of marital instability in northwest Ethiopia." Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review 4, no. 1 (January 1988): 57-68. tables. SUBJECTS: Marriage, Fertility, Infant mortality. KEYWORDS: Gondar Region, Ethiopia. Notes that marital instability reduces fertility but increases infant mortality. Studies the possible causes of marital instability such as place of residence, education level, age, and religion in the Gondar Region of Ethiopia. 5520 Wagaw, Teshome G., and Mary Achatz. "Attitudes and practices associated with childbearing and childrearing among the Menz in rural Ethiopia: Implications for human resource development." African Studies Association Papers 28, no. 129 (November 1985): 1-13. SUBJECTS: Health care system, Infant mortality, Women's studies, Traditional society, Education opportunity, Traditional medicine, Human resources development. KEYWORDS: Menz people, Ethiopia.

Human/Civil Rights

5521 Brietzke, Paul H. Law, Development, and the Ethiopian Revolution. Lewisburg, Pennsylvania: Bucknell University Press, 1982.378 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Human rights, Civil rights, Military government, Legal system, Public administration. KEYWORDS: rural administration. 5522 Niggli, Peter. Doubtful Methods in the Struggle against Famine: Ethiopia, Deportations and Forced-Labour Camps .. . Ten Months Later. Washington, DC: Union of Oromo in North America, 1986. 86 pp. SUBJECTS: Political repression, Human rights. KEYWORDS: Tigray People's Liberation Front; Oromo Liberation Front; Relief Society of Tigray; Oromo Relief Association; Berliner Missionswerk. Documents five years of mass deportations of whole population groups by the military government of Ethiopia. Bases its information on interviews with a large number of victims of the deportations who fled to the Sudan. SEE ALSO 2122.

Industry

5523 Chole, Eshetu. "Constraints to industrial development in Ethiopia." Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review 3, no. 2 (June 1987): 1-24. SUBJECTS: Industrial development, Agricultural development, Industrial policy.

Notes that by the year 2000 underdeveloped countries—which make up nearly three-quarters of the world's population—will produce only a sixth of the world's manufacturing. Argues that structural factors, policy factors, and technical factors represent the constraints that prevent Ethiopia's becoming industrial. 5524 Faruqi, Rumman, and Peter O'Brien. "Foreign technology in the growth of the modern manufacturing sector in Ethiopia 19501970." In: Technologie et industrialisation en Afrique/Technology and Industrialization in Africa, edited by F. Yachir. Dakar, Senegal: CODESRIA, 1981. 159-198 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Import substitution, Economic development, Technology transfer, Price policy, Manufacturing sector, Foreign investment.

Labor

5525 Abegaz, Berhanu. "Papers in Ethiopian demography HI: Labor force structure, migration, and poverty." Northeast African Studies 7, no. 3 (1985): 49-69. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Demographic analysis, Employment, Migration, Labor force, Poverty. 5526 Bjeren, Gunilla. Migration to Shashemene: Ethnicity, Gender and Occupation in Urban Ethiopia. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1985. 291 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Anthropological analysis, Migration pattern, Demographic analysis, Labor migration, Employment opportunity, Ethnicity. KEYWORDS: Shashemene, Ethiopia. 5527 Institute of Development Research, Addis Ababa University. Some References on Employment and Manpower—Issues, Problems, Strategy. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Institute of Development Research, Addis Ababa University, 1982. 28 pp. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Labor policy, Economic development, Employment. SEE ALSO 2236.

Legal System

5528 F e n e t , Alain. Le Droit du peuple érythréen à l'autodétermination. Amiens, France: Université de Picardie, 1984. 46 pp. maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Self-determination, Judicial system, International law, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: Eritrea; UN General Assembly Resolution 390 (V) 1950. 5529 Serapiao, Luis. "International law and self-determination: The case of Eritrea." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 15 (1987): 3-8. SUBJECTS: International law, Self-determination, Decolonization, Legal system, Nation-building. KEYWORDS: Eritrea; secession. Discusses the Eritrean conflict in the Horn of Africa as an example of the legal conflict between the philosophy of self-determination and the concept of secession. 5530 Tekle, Amare. 'The new constitution of Ethiopia." Journal of African Studies 15, no. 3/4 (Fall/Winter 1988): 80-93. SUBJECTS: Constitutional development, Legal system, Government analysis, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: Ethiopia constitution 1987; PMAC (Provisional Military Administrative Council). Analyzes Ethiopia's constitution of 1987, designed and voted in under the leadership of Mengistu Haile Mariam. Describes its

ETHIOPIA/Military Affairs •

371

ideological base, economic regime, and foreign policy, as well as the functions of the legislature and the executive branch. Addresses the criticism that the constitution resembles too closely the USSR's.

tlement plans in Ethiopia. Investigates the circumstances of the resettlements and conditions in the new settlements. Attempts to identify the effects of the resettlement policy on the environment.

SEE ALSO 8041.

SEE ALSO 13959.

Media and Culture

Military Affairs

5531 Baxter, Paul. "The problem of the Oromo or the problem for the Oromo?" In: Nationalism and Self Determination in the Horn of Africa, edited by I. M. Lewis. London: Ithaca, 1983. 128-149 pp. SUBJECTS: Nationalism, Political repression, Cultural identity, Ethnicity. KEYWORDS: Oromo people.

5536 Anyang'Nyong'o, Peter. "Crises and conflict in the Horn of Africa: Problems and challenges for Africa." Genève Afrique!Geneva Africa 27, no. 2 (1989): 59-70. maps. ALSO COVERS: Somalia, Djibouti. SUBJECTS: Political conflict, Border conflict, National identity, Internal conflict. KEYWORDS: Horn of Africa; self-determination. Presents crises and conflicts in the contemporary Horn of Africa. Examines the nature and histories of conflict in Somalia, Ethiopia, and Djibouti and discusses national self-determination, superpower politics, national liberation struggles, internal conflicts, and democratic development.

SEE ALSO 2343.

Migration

5532 Colchester, Marcus, and Virginia Luling, eds. Ethiopia's Bitter Medicine, Settling for Disaster: An Evaluation of the Ethiopian Government's Resettlement Programme, a Report from Survival International. London: Survival International, 1986.55 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Resettlement, Refugee migration, Food scarcity, Drought, Self-determination. KEYWORDS: forced relocation; Wollo people; Tigrinya people; Shoa Region, Ethiopia; Gondar Region, Ethiopia. Discusses the Ethiopian government's resettlement program for the Tigre, Wollo, Shoa, and Gondar regions. Holds that, though the government claims that resettlement is due to drought conditions, the real reasons are political, aimed at secessionist movements in the north. 5533 Kibreab, Gaim. Refugees and Development in Africa: The Case of Eritrea. Trenton, New Jersey: Red Sea, 1987.304 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Resettlement, Refugee migration, Agricultural development, Natural resource management, Self-sufficient economy. KEYWORDS: Eritrea. Discusses the case of Eritrean refugees and attempts by international aid agencies to provide for their long-term care. Outlines conditions in and functioning of refugee resettlement camps, examining attempts to make them food self-sufficient. 5534 Pankhurst, Alula. "Resettlement: Policy and Practice." In: Ethiopia: Rural Development Options, edited by Siegfried Pausewang, Fantu Cheru, Stefan Briine, and Eshetu Chole. London: Zed, 1990.120-134 pp. maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Resettlement, Population policy, Refugees, Socioeconomic analysis. Draws on a brief historical overview to compare resettlement policies before and after the Ethiopian revolution. Examines the policies and practices in a centrally coordinated planning resettlement of the after-revolution regime. 5535 Steingraber, Sandra. "Resettlement in 1985-1986: Ecological excuses and environmental consequences." In: The Spoils of Famine: Ethiopian Famine Policy and Peasant Agriculture, edited by Jason Clay, Sandra Steingraber, and Peter Niggli. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Cultural Survival, 1988. 16-58 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Environmental degradation, Natural resource management, Agricultural research, Migration pattern, Refugees, Resettlement, Famine. KEYWORDS: forced relocation. Addresses the implementation and ecological viability of reset-

5537 Erlich, Haggai. "The Ethiopian army and the 1974 revolution." Armed Forces and Society 9, no. 3 (Spring 1983): 455-481. SUBJECTS: Coup d'état, Elite analysis, Military policy. KEYWORDS: revolution; Dergue; Ethiopian Revolution 1974. 5538 Erlich, Haggai. The Struggle over Eritrea, 1962-1978: War and Revolution in the Horn of Africa. Stanford, California: Hoover Institution, 1983. 155 pp. biblio, maps. SUBJECTS: Military aid, International conflict, Self-determination. KEYWORDS: revolution; ELF (Eritrean Liberation Front); PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization); separatist movement. 5539 Korn, David A. "Ethiopia on the verge of disaster." Journal of Third World Studies 1, no. 1 (Spring 1990): 20-40. SUBJECTS: Civil war, Political crisis, Armed forces, Military aid, Famine, International relations. KEYWORDS: Eritrea; Mengistu Haile Mariam; EPLF (Eritrean People's Liberation Front); TPLF (Tigray People's Liberation Front); USSR-Ethiopia relations. Provides an overview of the political crises facing Mengistu Haile Mariam. Asserts that the successes of the EPLF and the TPLF, the reduction in aid from the USSR, and famine have put the government on the verge of collapse. Concludes that the US must continue to support negotiations for change. 5540 Laitin, David D. "Security, ideology and development on Africa's Horn: United States policy—Reagan and the future." In: Africa in the 1990s and Beyond: U.S. Policy Opportunities and Choices, edited by Robert I. Rotberg. Algonac, Michigan: Reference, 1988. 204-219 pp. ALSO COVERS: Somalia. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, Border conflict, Civil war, Independence movement, Food aid. KEYWORDS: Horn of Africa; US-Horn of Africa relations; Reagan, Ronald; Somalia-Ethiopia relations; Barre, Mohamed Siad. Argues that despite rhetoric to the contrary, Reagan and Carter administration policies in the Hom of Africa were remarkably similar. Praises both for choosing policies that did not fuel the conflict between Somalia and Ethiopia. 5541 Lefebvre, Jeffrey A. "Donor dependency and American arms transfers to the Horn of Africa: The F-5 legacy." The Journal of Modern African Studies 25, no. 3 (September 1987): 465-488. SUBJECTS: Arms industry, Foreign policy, International relations, Military aid. KEYWORDS: donor agency; US-Ethiopia relations; arms sales; USSR-Ethiopia relations. Details US policy toward Ethiopia, where concern over the USSR

3 7 2 • ETHOPIA/Military Affairs presence and continued access to the Kagnew communications base led to a reversal of the previous policy and the agreement to provide F-5 jet fighters. Describes the increasing ability of the Ethiopian government to exercise leverage over the US by threatening to seek ties with the USSR. 5542 Machida, Robert. Eritrea: The Struggle for Independence. Trenton, New Jersey: Red Sea, 1987. 86 pp. SUBJECTS: Armed conflict, Colonialism, Self-determination, Decolonization, Civil war. KEYWORDS: Haile Selassie I; ELF (Eritrean Liberation Front); Eritrea; EPLF (Eritrean People's Liberation Front). Discusses the history and context of the Eritrean struggle for independence during four periods: precolonial, colonial, under Haile Selassie, and during the 1970s. Analyzes the strategic importance of the Eritrean region. Describes problems with the UN-mandated federation of Eritrea and Ethiopia following World War II. 5543 Marchai, Roland. "Ethiopie: vers l'implosion." Année africaine (1989): 351-385. maps. SUBJECTS: Coup d'état, Internal conflict, Political opposition, International relations, Ethnic conflict. KEYWORDS: EPLF (Eritrean People's Liberation Front); Mengistu Haile Mariam. Seeks to resolve the "nationalities" question, which is one of the major recurrent problems facing the Ethiopian state. Describes the multiformed political and military opposition movements within the state apparatus and from the peripheral provinces. Claims that this opposition has weakened the regime without presenting a clear alternative to the central power. 5544 Novati, Giampaolo Calchi. "Nations, revolutionary experiences and local conflicts in the Horn of Africa." Politica internazaionale 4, no. 2 (Autumn 1985): 47-60. ALSO COVERS: Somalia. SUBJECTS : Colonialism, Conflict, Military policy, Political development. KEYWORDS: Horn of Africa; OAU; Dergue; separatist movement; Eritrea. 5545 Ottaway, Marina. Soviet and American Influence in the Horn of Africa. New York: Praeger, 1982.187 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Somalia. SUBJECTS: Strategic policy, Socialist revolution, Military alliance, Superpower politics. KEYWORDS: EPRP (Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Party); OAU; USSR-Africa relations; USAfrica relations. 5546 Pateman, Roy. "Eritrea, Ethiopia, and the Middle Eastern powers: Image and reality." Northeast African Studies 8, no. 2/3 (1986): 23-39. SUBJECTS: International relations, Military intervention, Ethnic conflict, Military aid. KEYWORDS: Eritrea; IsraelEthiopia relations; Middle East-Africa relations. Claims that the extent of Arab support to secessionist movements in Eritrea is exaggerated, arguing that the movements are self-reliant and free from external influence. Utilizes EPLF as a case study, emphasizing Israel's involvement on the side of Ethiopia. 5547 Perret, Michel. "Position du problème erythréen." Sociétés africaines, monde arabe et culture islamique 1 (1981): 273-293. SUBJECTS: National security, Regional conflict, Ethnie conflict, Religion, Nationalism. KEYWORDS: Eritrea. 5548 Samatar, Said S. "The Somali dilemma: Nation in search of a state." In: Partitioned Africans: Ethnic Relations across Africa's International Boundaries, 1884-1984, edited by A. I. Asiwaju. Lagos, Nigeria: University of Lagos Press, 1985. 155-193 pp. maps. ALSO COVERS: Somalia. SUBJECTS: Ethnicity, Ethnic conflict, Ethnic politics, Nation-building, Political conflict. KEYWORDS: Somali people. 5549 Shindo, Eiichi. "Hunger and weapons: The entropy of militarisation." Review of African Political Economy 33 (August

1985): 6-22. tables. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Socialist government, Economic crisis, Military budget, Civil war, Famine, Arms industry. KEYWORDS: militarization. 5550 Simonds, Charles R. "External military involvement in the provision of humanitarian relief in Ethiopia." In: Humanitarian Emergencies and Military Help in Africa, edited by Thomas G. Weiss. Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan, 1990.61-73 pp. SUBJECTS: Civil war, Military aid, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: humanitarian aid; Canadian Forces; Canada-Ethiopia relations. Examines the experience of the Canadian Forces as an example of the use of an outside military presence as part of the response by the international community to a humanitarian crisis in an area of civil conflict. 5551 Viaud, Pierre. "Ethiopie: la guerre oubliée des trois fronts." Afrique contemporaine 135 (July/September 1985): 46-52. maps. SUBJECTS: Armed forces, Liberation movement, Civil war. KEYWORDS: ELF (Eritrean Liberation Front); Eritrea; WSLF (Western Somalia Liberation Front); political secession. 5552 Woodward, Peter. War—or Peace—in North-east Africa? London: Centre for Security and Conflict Studies, 1989.29 pp. ALSO COVERS: Somalia, Sudan. SUBJECTS: Regional conflict, Border conflict, Warfare. Describes domestic conflicts and their causes in Ethiopia, Somalia, and Sudan. Details the internal and external factors supporting war and peace in these countries. Notes how internal conflict spills over into other countries. Explores the international relations of these countries with the superpowers. SEE ALSO 2416, 2463, 2480, 2508, 2513, 2517,2533, 5236,12155.

Planning and Development

5553 Hamer, John. Humane Development: Participation and Change among the Sadama of Ethiopia. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: University of Alabama Press, 1987. 281 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Self-help, Household economy, Economic development, Rural development, Resource distribution, Social development policy, Development theory. KEYWORDS: Sadama people. Examines the conflict between self-interest and community obligation, using the Sadama group as a case study. Outlines the process of social reproduction in light of the introduction of a cash economy and its effect on society. Discusses the role of kinship and communalism in African agricultural development and in government-imposed collective schemes. 5554 Mulat, T. "Planning in Ethiopia." In: Development Options for Africa in the 1980s and Beyond, edited by P. Ndegwa, L. P. Mureithi, and R. H. Green. Nairobi, Kenya: Oxford University Press, 1985. 85-100 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Development planning, Development theory, Economic development, Public administration. 5555 Woube, Mengistu. Problems of Land Reform Implementation in Rural Ethiopia: A Case Study of Dejen and Wolmera Districts. Uppsala, Sweden: Department of Human Geography, University of Uppsala, 1986.174 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Land-use policy, Rural development, Development theory. KEYWORDS: Dejen district, Ethiopia; Wolmera district, Ethiopia; peasant associations; Zemecha. Discusses theoretical and practical aspects of land reform. Presents a brief history of geographical, social, and economic development. Outlines concepts such as peasants, land reform, agricultural

ETHIOPIA/Politics technology, and development. Presents two case studies for prereform and postreform comparisons.

Politics

5556 Abate, Yohannis. "Civil-military relations in Ethiopia." Armed Forces and Society 10, no. 3 (Spring 1984): 380-400. SUBJECTS: Political elite, Authoritarian government, Ideological conflict, Military government, Ethnic conflict. KEYWORDS: civil-military relations; African socialism. 5557 Aliboni, Roberto. "Ethiopian revolution: Stabilization." Armed Forces and Society 1, no. 3 (Spring 1981): 423-444. ALSO COVERS: Somalia. SUBJECTS: Political stability, Regional conflict, Regional security, Political parties. KEYWORDS: revolution; Eritrea. 5558 Ayele, Negussay. "Ethiopian revolution—seven years young." Journal ofAfrican Marxists no. 3 (January 1983): 47-63. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Imperialism, National liberation movement, Land reform. KEYWORDS: Ethiopian Revolution 1974. 5559 Bekele, Dawit. "Peasant associations and agrarian reform in Ethiopia." Institute of Development Studies Bulletin 13, no. 4 (1982): 60-65. SUBJECTS: Peasant society, Cooperatives, Agrarian reform, Land reform, Socialism. KEYWORDS: Land Reform Act 1975; Peasant Association Consolidation Bill 1975. 5560 Bureau, Jacques. "Ethiopie: de la junte à la révolution." Afrique contemporaine 147 (1988): 3-31. maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Civilian government, Marxism-Leninism, Military government, Socialist revolution, Political parties. KEYWORDS: USSR-Ethiopia relations; Dergue. Discusses how in September 1987, the Ethiopian military turned power over to a civilian government. Demonstrates that the military still controlled Ethiopia but that advances had been made toward reconciliation of the civilian left in the political process. 5561 Bureau, Jacques. Les Gamo d'Ethiopie: études du système politique. Paris: Société d'Ethnographie, 1981. 303 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Local development, Political development, Traditional political system. KEYWORDS: Gamo people. 5562 Clapham, Christopher. "Revolutionary socialist development in Ethiopia." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 86, no. 343 (April 1987): 151-165. maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Marxism, Marxism-Leninism, Socialism, Hunger. KEYWORDS: WPE (Workers' Party of Ethiopia); USSR-Ethiopia relations; Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; AMC (Agricultural Marketing Corporation). Discusses Ethiopia as a socialist experiment that nationalized companies and established state farms. Concludes that Ethiopia has become much worse off than it had been before the revolution. 5563 Clapham, Christopher. "State, society and political institutions in revolutionary Ethiopia." Institute of Development Studies Bulletin 21, no. 4 (October 1990): 35-45. SUBJECTS: Socialist government, Government analysis, Economic analysis, State formation. KEYWORDS: state-society relations. Notes the unique, indigenous political development of Ethiopia and asks whether Third World models apply. Examines Ethiopian socialism, the basis of statehood, and the crises of state and economy. 5564 Clapham, Christopher. 'The state and revolution in Ethiopia." Review of African Political Economy 44 (1989): 5-17. tables. SUB-

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JECTS: Military government, Marxism, Political participation, Centrally planned economy. KEYWORDS: WPE (Workers' Party of Ethiopia). Provides an overview of some recent institutional changes adopted by the Ethiopian military regime. Argues that this has essentially been a Leninist project organized by and beneficial to the government. Maintains that the changes have been ineffective due to certain limitations on state power, especially economic limitations. 5565 D'Souza, P. P. "The Ethiopian parliament: Origins and evolution." Africa Quarterly 20, no. 3/4 (1981): 19-29. tables. SUBJECTS: Elections, Parliamentary government. KEYWORDS: Haile Selassie I. 5566 Dolgova, O. "The foundation of the Workers' Party of Ethiopia and its growing role in the political system," translated by Nadezhda Burova. In: Ten Years of the Ethiopian Revolution, edited by N. I. Gavrilov, M. V. Rait, V. I. Sharayev, and Y. S. Sherr. Moscow, USSR: Progress, 1986.174-182 pp. SUBJECTS: Socialism, Political parties. KEYWORDS: political education; COPWE (Commission for Organizing the Party of Working People of Ethiopia); WPE (Workers' Party of Ethiopia). Examines the history of the WPE and the creation of a vanguard party to further the aims of the socialist revolution. Discusses the role of COPWE in this process. Outlines the efforts made both to educate the people in socialist theory and to mobilize the working class. 5567 Donham, Donald L. Work and Power in Maale, Ethiopia. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Research Press, 1985. 196 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Anthropological analysis, Political history, Behavioral analysis, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: Maale people. 5568 Erlich, Haggai. Ethiopia and the Challenge of Independence. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1986.265 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Political history, Socialist revolution, Christianity, Modernization, Monarchy, Military government. KEYWORDS: Haile Selassie I. A collection of articles by the author that analyzes ancient and recent Ethiopian history. Discusses the changes from 1960 to 1980 and their impact on government, modernization, and foreign policy. 5569 Gascon, Alain. "Etat ancien, état contemporain: l'Ethiopie." In: L'Etat contemporain en Afrique, edited by Emmanuel Terray. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1987. 141-156 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: State power, Traditional political system, Historical analysis, Socialist revolution. KEYWORDS: Revolution of 1974. Studies resemblances between the traditional and postrevolutionary political policies of Ethiopia. Claims that the two systems have similar outlooks in the areas of cultural pluralism, separatism, state messianism, and agricultural policy. 5570 Gascon, Alain. "Le Perestroïka à l'éthiopienne: le pari de Mengistu." Politique africaine no. 38 (June 1990): 121-126. SUBJECTS: Liberalism, Socialist government, Political reform. KEYWORDS: Mengistu Haile Mariam; Tigre Region, Ethiopia. Examines the announced March 5,1990, political and economic reforms of the Mengistu regime in Ethiopia. Addresses the roles of the government's search for credibility, Marxism versus tradition, the country's former revolutionary politics, and wars of liberation that challenge the government. 5571 Gebeyehu, Asamenew G. W. "The background to the political crisis in Ethiopia: Part One: The imperial heritage." Ufahamu 18, no. 1 (Winter 1990): 25-40. SUBJECTS: Imperialism, Historical analysis, Government analysis, Revolutionary movement, Authoritarian government. KEYWORDS: Ethiopian Revolution 1974. Explains the failure of the revolution in Ethiopia by analyzing the historical and cultural heritage of the nation. Seeks to unmask past imperialism and demonstrates that the Ethiopian state has been his-

374

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ETHIOPIA/Politics

torically characterized by centralization, violence, and dictatorship. 5572 Gilkes, Patrick. "Centralism and the Ethiopian PMAC." In: Nationalism and Self Determination in the Horn of Africa, edited by I. M. Lewis. London: Ithaca, 1983.195-211 pp. SUBJECTS: Military government, Centralized authority, Government analysis, Territorial sovereignty. KEYWORDS: Dergue; NDRP (National Democratic Revolutionary Program); ELF (Eritrean Liberation Front); EPLF (Eritrean People's Liberation Front), PMAC (Provisional Military Administrative Council). 5573 Haile, Semere. "The principle of self-determination, international law and the Eritrean question." African Studies Association Papers 27, no. 42 (October 1984): 1-24. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Liberation movement, Territorial sovereignty, Decolonization, Military policy, International law, Self-determination. KEYWORDS: OAU; UN; Eritrea. 5574 Harbeson, John W. "Military rule and the quest for a post-imperial Ethiopia." In: The Military in African Politics, edited by John W. Harbeson. New York: Praeger, 1987. 163-186 pp. SUBJECTS: Cash crop production, Military government, Land reform. KEYWORDS: Haile Selassie I; Eritrea; Mengistu Haile Mariam; WPE (Workers' Party of Ethiopia). Explores the role of military rule in the perpetuation of the Ethiopian state. Examines the nature and impact of the military government's strategy for the country's socioeconomic transformation. Assesses the significance of the establishment of a ruling Workers' Party as a political succession. 5575 Harbeson, John W. "State, revolution, and development in Ethiopia." African Studies Association Papers 28, no. 49 (November 1985): 1-36. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Military government, Agricultural production, Human resources development, Education policy, Land reform, State formation. KEYWORDS: Haile Selassie I. 5576 Harbeson, John W. The Ethiopian Transformation: The Questfor the Post-Imperial State. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1988. 239 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Political history, Revolutionary movement, Military government, Socialist development. KEYWORDS: Haile Selassie I; Mengistu Haile Mariam; NDRP (National Democratic Revolutionary Program); PMAC (Provisional Military Administrative Council). Analyzes the transformation of the Ethiopian government from an authoritarian monarchy to a centralized socialist system. Establishes the context for that transformation by explaining the historical foundations of modern Ethiopia. Examines the crucial role played by the military in the revolution and in its aftermath.

5580 Hiwet, Addis. "Analysing the Ethiopian revolution." Review of African Political Economy 30 (September 1984): 32-47. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Military government, Trade union, Democracy, Nationalist movement, Working class, Student protest. KEYWORDS: relations of production; social formation. 5581 Jinadu, L. Adele. "The concept of the party in the Afro-Marxist state." In: Democracy and the One-Party State in Africa, edited by Peter Meyns and Dani Wadada Nabudere. Hamburg, West Germany: Institut fiir Afrika-Kunde, 1989. 79-90 pp. ALSO COVERS: Mozambique. SUBJECTS: Political parties, Centralized a u t h o r i t y , M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , P o l i t i c a l a n a l y s i s . KEYWORDS: African Marxism. Shows that the concept of the party in Afro-Marxist states is not problem free. Argues that the dichotomy between central leadership and mass participation was biased toward centralized state control of decision making. 5582 Kaeufeler, Heinz. Modernization, Legitimacy and Social Movements: A Study of Socio-Cultural Dynamics and Revolution in Iran and Ethiopia. Zurich, Switzerland: Voelkerkundemuseum der Universitaet, 1988. 313 pp. SUBJECTS: Modernization, Monarchy, Socialist revolution, Military government. KEYWORDS: Dergue. Summarizes the historical changes that transformed Ethiopia into a socialist country. Discusses the political events of 1974-1977, which constituted the consolidation of power under the Dergue. 5583 Keller, Edmond J., and Donald Rothchild, eds. Afro-Marxist Regimes: Ideology and Public Policy. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1987. 335 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Mozambique, Angola. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Public policy, Political economy studies, International relations, Political analysis, State power. KEYWORDS: MPLA; African Marxism; scientific socialism; FRELIMO; MPLA. Presents an outgrowth of a 1985 international conference called Ideology and Policy in Afro-Marxist States. States that a more comprehensive appreciation of the Afro-Marxist phenomenon would help to nurture a balanced perspective in the West regarding the purposes and structures of governments grouped under that label. Focuses on Ethiopia, Mozambique, Angola, and Zimbabwe. 5584 Keller, Edmond J. "Ethiopia: The revolutionary transformation of a twentieth-century bureaucratic empire." In: Transformation and Resiliency in Africa: As Seen by Afro-American Scholars, edited by Pearl T. Robinson and Elliott P. Skinner. Washington, DC: Howard University Press, 1983. 69-103 pp. SUBJECTS: Political history, Political analysis, Economic growth rate, Government bureaucracy. KEYWORDS: Haile Selassie I.

5577 Harnet, Mekalh. "Reflections on the Eritrean revolution." Horn of Africa 6, no. 3 (1983/1984): 3-15. ALSO COVERS: Sudan. SUBJECTS: Leadership analysis, Liberation movement, Internal conflict, Land reform. KEYWORDS: ELF (Eritrean Liberation Front); EPLF (Eritrean People's Liberation Front); OAU; Eritrea.

5585 Keller, Edmond J. "Ethiopian revolution: How socialist is it?" Journal of African Studies 11, no. 2 (Summer 1984): 52-65. SUBJECTS: Political culture, Military government, Socialist revolution, Communism. KEYWORDS: African communism; EPRP (Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Party); Dergue.

5578 Henze, Paul B. "Communism and Ethiopia." Problems of Communism 30 (May/June 1981): 55-74. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Government analysis, Communism. KEYWORDS: Mengistu Haile Mariam; Horn of Africa; EPRP (Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Party); Eritrea; Ogaden Province, Ethiopia.

5586 Keller, Edmond J. Revolutionary Ethiopia: From Empire to People's Republic. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1988. 307 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Political history, Government bureaucracy, Political economy studies, Class conflict, Socialist development, Revolutionary movement. KEYWORDS: Haile Selassie I; Mengistu Haile Mariam. Analyzes the transformation of the Ethiopian Empire in terms of its historical antecedents, focusing on the rule of the emperor as the central force of continuity. Discusses Haile Salassie's creation of Ethiopia's bureaucratic empire. Examines the revolution of 1974 in the context of other socialist revolutions.

5579 Henze, Paul B. Communist Ethiopia—Is It Succeeding? Santa Monica, California: Rand, 1985. 53 pp. SUBJECTS: Political analysis, Communism, Socialist revolution, Political economy studies, Political system, Self-determination, Political development. KEYWORDS: Ethiopian socialism.

ETHIOPIA/Population 5587 Keller, Edmond J. "State, party and revolution in Ethiopia." The African Studies Review 28, no. 1 (March 1985): 1-18. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Socialism, Marxism-Leninism, Military government, Nationalism, Populism. KEYWORDS: Dergue; African Marxism. 5588 Lefort, René. Ethiopia: An Heretical Revolution? (translated by A. M. Berrett.) London: Zed, 1983. 301 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Socialism, Socialist revolution, Land reform. KEYWORDS: Eritrea; Haile Selassie I; Mengistu Haile Mariam; Zemecha; Dergue. 5589 Lefort, René. Ethiopie: la révolution hérétique. Paris: F. Maspero, 1981. 413 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Socialist government, Traditional political system, Modernization, Political development, Monarchy. KEYWORDS: Eritrea; Dergue; Mengistu Haile Mariam. 5590 Love, Robert S. "Marxian method and concept in revolutionary Ethiopian studies." Northeast African Studies 5, no. 2 (1983): 41-55. SUBJECTS: Land tenure system, Marxist analysis, Capitalism. KEYWORDS: PMAC (Provisional Military Administrative Council). 5591 Máhrdel, C. "Mass movement and popular revolution in Ethiopia." In: African Studies: Afrika-Studien, edited by Gerhard Brehme and Thea Biittner. Berlin, Germany: Akademie-Verlag, 1983. 189-202 pp. SUBJECTS: Socialism, Marxism-Leninism, Socialist revolution. KEYWORDS: COPWE (Commission for Organizing the Party of Working People of Ethiopia). 5592 Marcus, Harold G. Ethiopia, Great Britain, and the United States, 1941-1974: The Politics ofEmpire. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, 1983.205 pp. biblio, maps. SUBJECTS: Political history, Coup d'état, Foreign policy, Monarchy. KEYWORDS: US-Ethiopia relations; UK-Ethiopia relations. 5593 Markakis, John. "The military state and Ethiopia's path to 'socialism.'" Review of African Political Economy 21 (May/September 1981): 7-25. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Military government, Nationalism, Socialism, Centralization, Social stratification. KEYWORDS: separatist movement; Ethiopian Revolution 1974; Eritrea. 5594 Ottaway, Marina. "State power consolidation in Ethiopia." In: Afro-Marxist Regimes: Ideology and Public Policy, edited by Edmond J. Keller and Donald Rothchild. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1987. 25-42 pp. SUBJECTS: Marxism-Leninism, Political analysis, State power. KEYWORDS: Eritrea; Haile Selassie I; Dergue; EPRP (Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Party); ELF (Eritrean Liberation Front). Describes how Ethiopia's Afro-Marxist government was formed and the social forces that both facilitated and hindered its formation. Analyzes the consolidation of state power before the 1974 revolution and its disintegration thereafter. 5595 Pausewang, Siegfried. "Participation in social research in rural Ethiopia." The Journal of Modern African Studies 26, no. 2 (June 1988): 253-276. SUBJECTS: Democracy, Land reform, Research methodology, Conflict, Peasant economy, Rural population. KEYWORDS: local autonomy; women's associations. Discusses a research project conducted by the Ministry of Agriculture, used both as an indicator for analysis of present practice in rural Ethiopia and as a tool to improve the physical well-being of peasants. Concludes that democratic practice was not discovered in rural Ethiopia. 5596 Sauldie, Madan. Ethiopia: Dawn of the Red Star. Bombay, India: Asia, 1982. 241 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Historical analysis, Political change. KEYWORDS: Haile Selassie I;

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Dergue; Mengistu Haile Mariam; COPWE (Commission for Organizing the Party of Working People of Ethiopia). 5597 Schwab, Peter. Ethiopia, Politics, Economics and Society. London: Frances Pinter, 1985.134 pp. biblio, maps. SUBJECTS: Socialist economy, Marxist analysis, Class conflict, Socialist government. KEYWORDS: Mengistu Haile Mariam; COPWE (Commission for Organizing the Party of Working People of Ethiopia); Dergue; Eritrea. 5598 Selassie, Bereket H. "Corporatism in Ethiopia: From monarchy to military socialism." In: Corporatism in Africa: Comparative Analysis and Practice, edited by Timothy M. Shaw and Julius E. Nyang'oro. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1989. 105-128 pp. SUBJECTS: Socialism, Military policy, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: corporatism; WPE (Workers' Party of Ethiopia); Dergue. Describes the historical roots of corporatism in Ethiopia and analyzes its basic features. 5599 Silkin, Trish. "Women in struggle: Eritrea." Third World Quarterly 5, no. 4 (October 1983): 909-913. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Women's rights, Women's political role, National liberation movement, Socialism. KEYWORDS: military system; Eritrea. 5600 Tholomier, Robert. "L'Odyssée éthiopienne de la chute à nos jours (1974-1981)." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 188/189 (1981): 82-95. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Revolutionary movement, Military government, Hunger, Conflict, Political opposition. KEYWORDS: Haile Selassie I; Dergue. 5601 Wubneh, Mulatu, and Yohannis Abate. Ethiopia: Transition and Development in the Horn of Africa. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1988.224 pp. tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Political history, Military government, Monarchy, Economic policy, Cultural identity, International relations. KEYWORDS: Haile Selassie I; Mengistu Haile Mariam; PMAC (Provisional Military Administrative Council). Examines Ethiopia's passage from feudal monarchy to socialism and the impact this has had on government policy, economic objectives, social programs, and international relations. Discusses the potential for reducing regional inequalities and the rural-urban dichotomy through socialist policies. SEE ALSO 2700, 2741, 3005, 3028, 3967,4281,4297, 5243, 14515.

Population

5602 Abegaz, Berhanu. "Papers in Ethiopian demography I: Population growth, composition, and distribution." Northeast African Studies 6, no. 3 (1984): 19-46. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Demographic analysis, Ethnicity, Population distribution. KEYWORDS: Amhara people; Tigrinya people; Oromo people. 5603 Adugna, Aynalem, and Helmut Kloos. "Two population distribution maps for Ethiopia based on the 1984 census." Northeast African Studies 9, no. 1 (1987): 89-95. biblio, maps. SUBJECTS: Population distribution, Urban population, Rural population, Population density, Geographical analysis. KEYWORDS: census. Presents data and maps concerning population distribution and density as based on the 1984 Ethiopian census. Includes population distribution of the entire country and of urban centers in 1984. 5604 J o i n t Conference of African Planners. The Role

of

376 • ET HO PI A/Population Demographic Variables in the Formulation of Development Policies and Plans. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: ECA, 1983. 19 pp. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Population policy, Family planning, Models, Policy recommendation. 5605 Tedla, Mesfin. "Levels and patterns of urbanization in Ethiopia." In: Studies in African and Asian Demography, edited by Cairo Demographic Centre. Cairo, Egypt: Cairo Demographic Centre, 1983. 325-363 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Urban population, Demographic analysis, Research methodology, Population distribution. KEYWORDS: interclass mobility. 5606 Tesfaghiorghis, Habtemariam. "Ethiopie." In: L'Evaluation des effectifs de la population des pays africains, Vol. 1, edited by Groupe de Démographie Africain. Paris: Groupe de Démographie Africain, 1982. 71-86 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Population growth. KEYWORDS: Ethiopia Central Bureau of Statistics. SEE ALSO 3103.

Religion

5612 Ethiopia Ministry of Information. "How to eliminate religion from Ethiopia." Horn of Africa 4, no. 4 (1981/1982): 40-42. SUBJECTS: Christianity, Religion, Censorship, Marxism-Leninism, Islam. KEYWORDS: domestic policy; revolution. 5613 Larebo, Haile Miriam. "The Ethiopian Orthodox Church and politics in the twentieth century: Part II." Northeast African Studies 10, no. 1 (1988): 1-23. SUBJECTS: Religion, Religious politics, Nationalism, Socialist revolution, Historical analysis, Religious conflict. KEYWORDS: church-state relations; Dergue; Haile Selassie I. Analyzes the history of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church during the Italian occupation of World War II until the present. Emphasizes church-state relations, church reform, public relations, and the church's reaction to the socialist revolution of 1974. 5614 Natsoulas, Theodore. "Ethiopia: The anatomy of an indigenous African colonial empire." Horn of Africa 4, no. 3 (1981): 3-6. SUBJECTS: Islamic society, Religion, Ethnic politics. KEYWORDS: Amhara people; Dergue.

Regionalism/Nationalism

5607 Fenet, Alain. "The right of the Eritrean people to self-determination." In: The Long Struggle of Eritrea for Independence and Constructive Peace, edited by Lionel Cliffe and Basil Davidson. Nottingham, UK: Spokesman, 1988. 32-45 pp. SUBJECTS: Nationbuilding, Self-determination, International law. KEYWORDS: EPLF (Eritrean People's Liberation Front); UN General Assembly Resolution 390 (V) 1950. Discusses the right of the Eritrean people to recognition under international law and to UN declaration as a sovereign and independent nation. Examines the actions of the UN with regard to Eritrea's rights and suggests future UN action. 5608 Haile, Getatchew. "Unity and territorial integrity of Ethiopia." The Journal of Modern African Studies 24, no. 3 (September 1986): 465-488. SUBJECTS: National integration, Colonialism, Nationalism, Regional conflict. KEYWORDS: Eritrea. Disagrees with the argument that Ethiopia's claim to Eritrea has no historical foundation. Holds that Eritrea was separated from Ethiopia by colonial intrusion. Questions calls for US support of Eritrean nationalism. 5609 Healy, Sally. "The changing idiom of self-determination in the Hom of Africa." In: Nationalism and Self Determination in the Horn of Africa, edited by I. M. Lewis. London: Ithaca, 1983. 93-109 pp. ALSO COVERS: Somalia. SUBJECTS: Self-determination, Nationalism, Neocolonialism. KEYWORDS: OAU; Eritrea; OLF (Oromo Liberation Front). 5610 Mayall, James. "Self-determination and the OAU." In: Nationalism and Self Determination in the Horn of Africa, edited by I. M. Lewis. London: Ithaca, 1983. 77-92 pp. ALSO COVERS: Somalia. SUBJECTS: Self-determination, Nationalism, Regional conflict. KEYWORDS: OAU. 5611 Pool, David. "Eritrean nationalism." In: Nationalism and Self Determination in the Horn of Africa, edited by I. M. Lewis. London: Ithaca, 1983. 175-193 pp. SUBJECTS: Nationalism, Political history, Self-determination, Civil war, Armed conflict. KEYWORDS: ELF (Eritrean Liberation Front); EPLF (Eritrean People's Liberation Front). SEE ALSO 5255, 13309.

Rural Development

5615 Baker, Jonathon. The Rural-Urban Dichotomy in the Developing World: A Case Study from Northern Ethiopia. Oslo, Norway: Norwegian University Press, 1986. 372 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Rural-urban relations, Resource distribution, Rural development, Rural-urban migration, Economic analysis, Nutrition, Economic development. KEYWORDS: northwest Ethiopia; Begemdir Province, Ethiopia. Assesses the nutritional status of two urban populations in the Begemdir Province in northwest Ethiopia. Details the demographics of the cities and the functioning of the market by demonstrating their composition by religion, occupation, goods traded, number of traders, and other variables. 5616 Dejene, Alemneh. Smallholder Perceptions of Rural Development and Emerging Institutions in Arussi Region since the Ethiopian Revolution. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard Institute of International Development, 1985.244 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Agricultural development, Working class, Agricultural policy, Peasant economy, Behavioral analysis. KEYWORDS: ArussiRegion, Ethiopia. 5617 Institute of Development Research, Addis Ababa University, ed. Proceedings of the Workshop on Problems and Prospects of Rural Development in Ethiopia. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Institute of Development Research, Addis Ababa University, 1989. 198 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Agricultural technology, Peasant society, Ecological analysis, Resettlement, Women's studies, Division of labor. KEYWORDS: Ada Woreda Region, Ethiopia; Konso people; Illubabor Region, Ethiopia; Bale Region, Ethiopia. Explores a variety of topics relating to rural development in Ethiopia. Focuses on the technical and allocative efficiency of farm households and offers a case study of the role of women in the food production system. Examines the concept of rural credit with a view toward its policy implications. 5618 Lirenso, Alemayehu. "Villagization: Policies and prospects." In: Ethiopia: Rural Development Options, edited by Siegfried

ETHIOPIA/Social Movement •

377

Pausewang, Fantu Cheru, Stefan Briine, and Eshetu Chole. London: Zed, 1990. 135-143 pp. maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Village development, Rural development, Development policy. Examines the ambitious villagization campaign launched by the Ethiopian government in 1977. Analyzes the policies, practices, and socioeconomic prospects of this government attempt to modernize rural life and agricultural patterns.

ment. KEYWORDS: Eritrea; UN General Assembly Resolution 390 A (V) 1950. Outlines the Eritrean people's struggle for their right to independence and explains the history and dynamics of the region as they relate to Eritrean autonomy. Includes a historical analysis, as well as descriptions of the international law relating to self-determination, human rights, and the struggle in the international context.

5619 Pausewang, Siegfried, Fantu Cheru, Stefan Brune, and Eshetu Chole, eds. Ethiopia: Options for Rural Development. London: Zed, 1990. 256 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Rural-urban relations, Agricultural sector, Human resources development, Pastoralism, Rural population, Agricultural marketing. Focuses on the rural development policy and agricultural development problems in Ethiopia after the disastrous famine of the mid 1980s. Examines the relationship between domestic development options and the international context. Covers the peasant issue, the environment, population, and human resources management.

5625 Fenet, Alain. "Le Programme du front populaire de libération de l'Erythrée: nation et révolution." In: La Corne de l'Afrique: questions nationales et politique internationales, edited by Cao-Huy Thuan, Colin Legum, Fred Halliday, and Maxine Molyneux. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1986. 139-247 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Nationalist movement, Liberation movement, Revolutionary movement. KEYWORDS: ELPF (Eritrean People's Liberation Front); ELF (Eritrean Liberation Front); Eritrea. Explores the historical and political origins of the nationalist movement in Eritrea, in its struggle for independence from Ethiopia. Addresses and analyzes the movement's political, economic, social, and military organization, as well as its "revolutionary" goals.

5620 Pausewang, Siegfried. "The Peasant Perspective." In: Ethiopia: Rural Development Options, edited by Siegfried Pausewang, Fantu Cheru, Stefan Briine, and Eshetu Chole. London: Zed, 1990.213-226 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Peasant society, Land reform, Rural development, Peasant economy, Market system. Clarifies how land reform represented both an economic and a political demand by a discontent and depressed peasantry, which demanded radical measures after 1960. Examines the political and socioeconomic issues and perspectives of rural development policies, as well as the peasant perspectives on these issues. 5621 Survival International. For Their Own Good: Ethiopia's Villagization Programme. London: Survival International, 1988. 56 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Resettlement, Village development, Rural development, Human rights. KEYWORDS: villagization; National Villagization Coordination Committee; OLF (Oromo Liberation Front). Analyzes the program of villagization instituted by the Ethiopian government in 1979. Describes the impact of villagization on the human rights of the target populations. Criticizes the extreme use of force and violence to force unwilling peasants to cooperate with the program.

Social Movement

5622 Ayele, Negussay. "Ethiopian revolution." Ufahamu 12, no. 3 (Spring 1983): 36-66. biblio. SUBJECTS: Revolutionary movement, Socialist revolution, Communism. KEYWORDS: Haile Selassie I; COPWE (Commission for Organizing the Party of Working People of Ethiopia); Dergue. 5623 Balsvik, Randi Roenning. Haile Selassie's Students: The Intellectual and Social Background to Revolution, 1952-1977. East Lansing, Michigan: African Studies Center, Michigan State University, 1985. 363 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Higher education, Student protest, Revolutionary movement, Biography. KEYWORDS: University College of Addis Ababa; Ethiopia coup d'état 1960; Ethiopian Revolution 1974; Haile Selassie I. 5624 Cliffe, Lionel, and Basil Davidson, eds. The Long Struggle of Eritrea for Independence and Constructive Peace. Nottingham, UK: Spokesman, 1988. 215 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Food scarcity, Independence movement, Self-determination, Political history, Political development, Civil war, Liberation move-

5626 Galperin, G. "The revolution and peasants' associations," translated by Nadezhda Burova. In: Ten Years of the Ethiopian Revolution, edited by N. I. Gavrilov, M. V. Rait, V. I. Sharayev, and Y. S. Sherr. Moscow, USSR: Progress, 1986. 98-119 pp. SUBJECTS: Nationalization, Political movement, Socialism, Agricultural cooperatives, Peasant society, Socialist revolution. KEYWORDS: rural organizations; peasant associations. Outlines the role of the peasant organization in the revolutionary transformation of the Ethiopian economy. Examines the organizational structure of local associations and how they function in the national political structure and discusses their economic role. 5627 Leonard, Richard. "Popular participation in liberation and revolution." In: The Long Struggle of Eritrea for Independence and Constructive Peace, edited by Lionel Cliffe and Basil Davidson. Nottingham, UK: Spokesman, 1988. 103-135 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Liberation movement, Selfdetermination, Grassroots movement. KEYWORDS: Eritrea; EPLF (Eritrean People's Liberation Front). Discusses the organization and support structure behind the EPLF. Outlines the basis of their popular support and the political programs they planned and implemented. Examines the mechanisms established by the EPLF for popular decision making and the democratic procedures established in areas controlled by the EPLF. 5628 Prunier, Gérard. "'Il faut savoir terminer une révolution': l'Ethiopie depuis 1984." Politique africaine no. 33 (March 1989): 89-104. SUBJECTS: Revolutionary movement, Famine, Economic policy, International relations, Resistance movement. KEYWORDS: PMAC (Provisional Military Administrative Council). Analyzes the evolution of Ethiopia under the PMAC revolutionary government. Describes the problems troubling the regime and the government-imposed public censure that affects their discussion. 5629 Sherr, Y. "Highlights and features of the national-democratic revolution in Ethiopia," translated by Nadezhda Burova. In: Ten Years of the Ethiopian Revolution, edited by N. I. Gavrilov, M. V. Rait, V. I. Sharayev, and Y. S. Sherr. Moscow, USSR: Progress, 1986. 7-39 pp. SUBJECTS: Revolutionary movement, Socialist revolution, Nation-building. KEYWORDS: WPE (Workers' Party of Ethiopia); Mengistu Haile Mariam; PMAC (Provisional Military Administrative Council). Examines the founding and objectives of the WPE as outlined at its Founding Congress, September 6-10, 1984. Analyzes the process of state- and party-building within Ethiopia and the role of a vanguard workers' party in the revolutionary process. Discusses the role of WPE in futhering the goals of the revolutionary movement in Ethiopia.

3 7 8 • ETHOPIA/Social Movement SEE ALSO 3974.

Socioeconomic Analysis

5630 Abegaz, Berhanu. "A brief note on recent Ethiopian economic statistics." Northeast African Studies 8, no. 1 (1986): 31-34. tables. SUBJECTS: Statistical analysis, Socioeconomic analysis. Presents Ethiopia's latest socioeconomic indicators, including gross domestic product by industrial origin in 1961-1983. 5631 Kidane, Asmerom. "Reestimating the Ethiopian population by age and geographical distribution, 1935-1985." Northeast African Studies 9, no. 3 (1987): 59-73. tables. SUBJECTS: Statistical analysis, Population growth, Socioeconomic analysis, Population density, Health service. Recalculates Ethiopia's population for each of the fifty years prior to the 1984 population census. Reestimates the age distribution of the population and various other socioeconomic indicators for selected periods. 5632 Kidane, Asmerom. "Sampling errors from socio-economic baseline survey in an Ethiopian rural setting." Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review 1, no. 1 (January 1985): 69-78. tables. SUBJECTS: Statistical analysis, Rural population, Agricultural production, Socioeconomic analysis. KEYWORDS: Lume District, Ethiopia. 5633 Teferra, Daniel. Economic Development and Nation Building inEthiopia. Big Rapids, Michigan: Ferris State College, 1986.139 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Social development policy, Nation-building, Capital formation, Human resources development, Economic theory, Socioeconomic analysis. KEYWORDS: Land Reform Act 1975. Analyzes the economic history and development of Ethiopia in the context of nation-building. Discusses the classical and neo-Marxist approaches to development theory. Outlines the need for the creation of an internal core of trained political, economic, and scientific people to allow long-term development to succeed.

Technology

5634 Egziabher, Tewolde Berhan Gebre, Fassil Kiros, Asmerom Kidane, and Geteneh Yemane. Participation of a Rural Community in the Identification of Technological Problems in Ethiopia: A Case Study from Welmera Wereda. Tokyo, Japan: UN University, 1982. 61 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Research and development, Rural development, Cooperatives, Technology transfer, Technological development, Agricultural development. KEYWORDS: Welmera Wereda, Ethiopia.

Urban Development

5635 Baker, Jonathan. "The growth and functions of small urban centres in Ethiopia." In: Small Town Africa: Studies in Rural-Urban

Interaction, edited by Jonathan Baker. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1990. 209-227 pp. SUBJECTS: U r b a n growth, Urban d e v e l o p m e n t , Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: small towns. Reviews the historical development of cities in Ethiopia from the beginning of the century. Analyzes the role of small towns, assessing their significance as the conduit between cities and the countryside. Describes the Ethiopian concept of urban. Addresses the revolution's relationship to rural areas. 5636 Wubneh, Mulatu. "A multivariate analysis of socio-economic characteristics of urban areas in Ethiopia." African Urban Quarterly 2, no. 4 (November 1987): 425-433. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Urban development, Statistical analysis, Urbanization, Socioeconomic analysis. Analyzes the socioeconomic characteristics of urban areas in Ethiopia, concluding that there exists a significant difference between the mid-sized towns and the largest cities. States that all cities do not respond in the same manner to policies. 5637 Wubneh, Mulatu. A Spatial Analysis of Urban-Industrial Development in Ethiopia. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University, 1982.189 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Infrastructure, Urbanization, Urban development, Industrial development. KEYWORDS: industry distribution; spatial analysis. 5638 Wubneh, Mulatu. "Urban growth and absorptive capacity of cities in Ethiopia." African Studies Association Papers 28, no. 141 (November 1985): 1-18. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic growth rate, Urban development, Population growth, Employment, Housing, Urbanization. KEYWORDS: urban bias; basic services.

Women and Gender

5639 Abraham, Girmai. "Political will, self-reliance and economic development: The Eritrean experience." African Studies Association Papers 28, no. 1 (November 1985): 1-21. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Women's rights, Nationalist movement, Human resources development, Economic development. KEYWORDS: EPLF (Eritrean People's Liberation Front); Eritrea; egalitarianism; institutional development. 5640 Haile, Daniel. "Rural women's legal status in Ethiopia." Verfassung und Recht in Ubersee/Law and Politics in Africa, Asia and Latin America 17, no. 3 (1984): 289-310. tables. SUBJECTS: Rural population, Women's rights, Women's studies, Legal system, Civil rights, Sex role. KEYWORDS: economic rights. 5641 Kebede, Hanna. "Gender relations in mobilizing human resources." In: Ethiopia: Rural Development Options, edited by Siegfried Pausewang, Fantu Cheru, Stefan Brüne, and Eshetu Chole. London: Zed, 1990. 58-68 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Gender relations, Human resources development, Women's economic role, Family, Formal education, Poverty. Addresses the social and economic roles of women in the rural and urban sectors of the development process in Ethiopia. Reviews women's predominant productivity in the processing and marketing of food and in related cottage industries. 5642 Pankhurst, Helen. "What change and for whom? The case of women in Menz." In: Ethiopia: Rural Development Options, edited

GABON/Economics by Siegfried Pausewang, Fantu Cheru, Stefan Briine, and Eshetu Chole. London: Zed, 1990. 144-155 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Sex discrimination, Women and development, Land tenure system, Livestock production, Rural development. KEYWORDS: Menz Region, Ethiopia; Shoa Region, Ethiopia. Examines the role of traditions and their impact on economic and social changes for women. Discusses the important implications for rural development and state-peasant relations in Ethiopia. Analyzes these questions of continuity and change in the world of women from Menz, in northern Shoa. 5643 Poluha, Eva. "The Producers' Cooperative as an option of women—a case study from Ethiopia." In: Cooperatives Revisited, edited by Hans Hedlund. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1988. 139-152 pp. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Household analysis, Division of labor, Cooperatives. KEYWORDS: Ethiopian Agricultural Producers' Cooperative; Haile Selassie I; Gojjam Region, Ethiopia; PC (Producers' Cooperatives). Shows that the interests and effects of an organization such as the

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Agricultural Producers' Cooperative can vary between women and men and between different groups of women. Utilizes ethnographic material from Gojjam Region in Ethiopia. 5644 Selassie, Alasebu Gebre, ed. Women and Development in Ethiopia: An Annotated Bibliography. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: ECA, 1982. 75 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Women's rights, Women's studies, Rural development, Family planning, Women and development, Nutrition. 5645 Woldetekle, Lakew, and Hirut Terefe. Study of the Situation of Women in Ethiopia: Economic and Social Perspectives. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Institute of Development Research, Addis Ababa University, 1986. 103 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Women and development, Women's economic role, Division of labor, Education opportunity. KEYWORDS: REWA (Revolutionary Ethiopian Women's Association). A review of data collected on women's issues through the use of individual questionnaires. Covers such issues as education, marital status, health and nutrition, migration, employment, and division of labor.

GABON Agriculture

5646 Pourtier, Roland. "Agro-industrie et développement rural au Gabon: une contradiction?" In: Le Développement rural en questions: paysages, espaces ruraux, systèmes agraires, edited by Chantal Blanc-Pamard. Paris: ORSTOM, 1984. 447-460 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Commercial agriculture, Rural development, Transportation system, Food production. KEYWORDS: SOSUHO (Société Sucrière du Haut Ogooué); SIAEB (Société Industrielle d'Agriculture et d'Elevage de Boumango); cocoa. SEE ALSO 8258.

Colonialism

5647 Reed, Michael C. "Gabon: A neo-colonial enclave of enduring French interest." The Journal of Modern African Studies 25, no. 2 (June 1987): 283-320. SUBJECTS: Neocolonialism. KEYWORDS: France-Gabon relations; Bongo, Omar. Traces the historical evolution of the linkage between France and Gabon's political elite, particularly its postindependence courting of M'Ba and his successor, Bongo. Questions Bongo's personal capacity to deal with the government's growing domestic problems.

Economics

5648 Barro Chambrier, Hugues Alexandre. L'Economie du Gabon: analyse, politiques d'ajustement et d'adaptation. Paris: Economica, 1990. 355 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Economic development, International economic relations, Budget policy, Finance policy, Monetary policy.

Analyzes the economic development and growth and the subsequent socioeconomic problems of Gabon from the late 1970s to mid 1980s. Explores the structural adjustment policy undertaken to confront a difficult economic situation. 5649 Brard, Yves. "Les Conventions dans la fiscalité pétrolière gabonaise." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 41, no. 3 (July/September 1987): 151-167. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Oil industry, Fiscal policy, Investment policy. KEYWORDS: CPP (Contracts de Partage de Production); Elf-Gabon. Discusses the largely contractual nature of Gabon's oil industry and the Elf-Gabon contract of 1971. Examines the impacts of such contracts both for Gabon and for the oil companies. 5650 Jacquemot, Pierre. "Les Enjeux économiques du Gabon à la veille du plan 1984-1988." Afrique contemporaine 130 (April/June 1984): 31-43. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic planning, Budget policy, Finance. 5651 Maganga-Moussavou, Pierre-Claver. L'Aide publique de la France au développement depuis l'indépendance 1960-1978. Paris: Sorbonne, 1982. 303 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign aid, Foreign policy, Economic development, Economic dependency, Underdevelopment, Development financing. KEYWORDS: FranceGabon relations. 5652 Mengue Me Engouang, Fidèle. "Réflexions sur les régimes fiscaux privilégiés du code des investissements au Gabon." Le Mois en Afrique : études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 233/234 (1985): 52-68. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Investment policy, Capital formation, Private investment, Uneven development. KEYWORDS: UEAC (Union des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale). 5653 Minko, Henri. La Fiscalité gabonaise du développement. Paris: Librairie Générale de Droit et de Jurisprudence, 1981. 341 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Fiscal policy, Industrial development, Private investment, Development planning, Mining, Transportation system. KEYWORDS: UDEAC (Union Douanière et Economique d'Afrique Centrale).

380

•

GABON/Education

Education

SEE ALSO 4788.

Environment

5654 Bouet, Claude. "Agriculture et déforestation au Gabon." In: Le Développement rural en questions: paysages, espaces ruraux, systèmes agraires, edited by Chantal Blanc-Pamard. Paris: ORSTOM, 1984. 381-388 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Ecological analysis, Environmental degradation, Agricultural development. KEYWORDS: Transgabonese Railway; deforestation. 5655 Walter, Raphaëlle, and Jacques Barret. Géographie et cartographie du Gabon: atlas illustré. Paris: EDICEF, 1983. 135 pp. biblio, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS : Geographical analysis, Ecological analysis, Environmental analysis, Sociological analysis, Mining, Education system. KEYWORDS: Okoumé Region, Gabon; OBAE (Office des Bois de l'Afrique Equatoriale); SNBG (Société Nationale des Bois du Gabon).

Foreign Relations

5656 Engonga-Bikoro, Albert. "L'Impact des groupes industriels sur les pays sous-développés: le cas de Elf au Gabon." In: Actes du Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique: XIX et XX siècles, Vol. 2, edited by Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique, XIX et XX siècles. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1983. 507-517 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Transnational corporations, Foreign investment, Oil industry. KEYWORDS: Elf-Gabon; investment diversification.

General

5657 Aicardi de Saint-Paul, Marc. Gabon: The Development of a Nation. London: Routledge, 1989. 145 pp. SUBJECTS: Oil industry, Economic analysis, Infrastructure, Ethnicity, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: Transgabonese Railway; Bongo, Omar. Discusses oil as the basis for Gabon's economic development. Examines and criticizes the ways oil revenues have been distributed and how ethnic representation in government has helped to ensure peace in that nation. 5658 Gardinier, D a v i d E . Historical Dictionary of Gabon. Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow, 1981.254 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Political development, Economic development, Demographic analysis, Agricultural production. 5659 International Labour Office, and PECTA, eds. Politiques de développement rural en Afrique: impacts sur l'emploi et les revenus: cas du Gabon. Vol. 1 of 2. Addis-Ababa, Ethiopia: International Labour Office, PECTA, 1985. 110 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Employment, Development policy, Income distribution. K E Y W O R D S : SONADECI (Société Nationale de Développement des Cultures Industrielles); PECTA (Programme des

Emplois et des Compétences Techniques pour l'Afrique); ILO. 5660 Jacquot, André. "Langue nationale et langues nationales: commentaires sur un projet de langue commune au Gabon." Cahiers des sciences humaines 24, no. 3 (1988): 403-416. biblio. SUBJECTS: National identity, Language policy. KEYWORDS: multilingualism; common language; artificial language. Examines perceptions of national identity in sub-Saharan Africa and the question of a vernacular language as a common language for the whole community. Examines a plan to create an artificial language out of six groups of vernaculars. Criticizes the scheme as unpractical and proposes a long-term language policy. 5661 L'Hour, Michel, Luc Long, and Eric Rieth. Le "Mauritius" : la mémoire engloutie. Paris: Casterman, 1989. 269 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Anthropological analysis, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: Le Mauritius (colonial ship); Holland-Gabon relations; shipping. Presents the archaeological discovery of the wreckage of Le Mauritius, a seventeenth-century Dutch colonial ship along the coast of Port Gentil, in Gabon, by the multinational oil company Elf Aquitaine. Examines the historical scope of the dicovery and analyzes the archaeological contents of the wreckage of the Compagnie Hollandaise des Indes Orientales. 5662 Mbah, Jean-Ferdinand. La Recherche en sciences sociales au Gabon. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1987. 189 pp. SUBJECTS: Academic research, Colonialism, Ethnicity, Underdevelopment. KEYWORDS: social science discipline. Explores the domain of social science in Gabon, specifically its treatment of precolonial society, colonial structures, and capitalist development in the postcolonial state. Analyzes the implications of this research for new social, cultural, and scientific experiments. 5663 Nzet Bitegue, Gabriel. "Les Restrictions au pouvoir unilatéral de résiliation du contrat de travail au Gabon." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 43, no. 3/4 (July/October 1989): 459-482. SUBJECTS: Civil rights, Private sector, Labor policy. KEYWORDS: Code du Travail de 1978; workers' rights. Analyzes the relationship between workers and their place of employment as the workers' material source of sustenance. Examines workers' rights in Gabonese firms and revisions of the 1978 Labor Code that requires a worker's dismissal to be justifiable and subsequent sanctions when a dismissal was not. 5664 Pean, Pierre. Affaires africaines. Paris: Fayard, 1983. 340 pp. maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: Bongo, Omar; France-Gabon relations; mercenaries. SEE ALSO 4632,4798, 10340.

Industry

5665 Aicardi de Saint-Paul, Marc. Le Gabon: du Roi Denis à Omar Bongo. Paris: Albatros, 1987. 183 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Political development, Economic development, Industrial development, Oil industry, Infrastructure. KEYWORDS: Bongo, Omar; PDG (Parti Démocratique Gabonais). Maintains that Gabon has the highest per capita income in Africa due to its oil revenues. Traces the development of the postcolonial state and Omar Bongo's rise to power. Examines the development of economic, political, and administrative institutions since independence.

GABON/Politics

5666 Pourtier, Roland. Le Gabon: Tome II: état et développement. Vol. 2 of 2. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1989. 344 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: National development, Urban development, Forestry industry, Mining, Oil industry, Economic growth rate. KEYWORDS: okoumé (type of wood); SOMDIAA (Société Multinationale de Distribution Alimentaire et Avicole). Addresses the national economic development of Gabon utilizing history, geography, and society. Analyzes the state's role in development and explores the different sectors of the development program.

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tion, Judicial system, Centralized authority. KEYWORDS: Gabon judicial reform 1978. SEE ALSO 2280.

Military Affairs

SEE ALSO 2470, 13039.

Legal System

5667 Amnesty International. Gabon: déni de justice au cours d'un procès. London: Amnesty International, 1984. 112 pp. SUBJECTS: Legal system, Human rights, Political development, Constitutional development, Political repression. KEYWORDS: BDG (Bloc Démocratique Gabonais); UDSG (Union Démocratique et Sociale Gabonaise); MORENA (Mouvement de Rénovation Nationale). 5668 Brard, Yves. "Réflexions sur le code gabonais des juridictions administratives." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 39, no. 3/4 (July/December 1985): 916-932. SUBJECTS: Legal system, Public administration, Legal reform. 5669 Mengue Me Engouang, Fidèle. "La Publicité des lois et règlements au Gabon." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique 95, no. 788/789 (July/September 1985): 262-276. SUBJECTS: Law, Government regulation, Judicial system. 5670 Nguema, Isaac. "Les Voies nouvelles de la codification des coutumes gabonaises (Le droit des successions...en pièces détachées)." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération AO, no. 3/4 (January/June 1986): 319-364. SUBJECTS: Legal system, Legislative action, Law, Traditional legal system. KEYWORDS: codification of law. Examines the movement toward legal codification in Gabon. Analyzes three phases of that development: imitation of French law, establishment of personal law, and recognition of customs in inheritance law.

Planning and Development

5674 Agondjo-Okawe, Pierre-Louis. "Représentations et organisations endogènes de l'espace chez les Myene du Gabon (Nkomi et Mpongwe)." In: Enjeuxfonciers en Afrique noire, edited by E. Le Bris, E. Le Roy, and F. Leimdorfer. Paris: Karthala, 1982. 101-114 pp. SUBJECTS: Modernization, Traditional society, Land-use policy, Colonialism, Rural development, Urban growth. KEYWORDS: Myene people; spatial analysis; Nkomi people; Mpongwe people. 5675 N g u e m a , I s s a c . " D i v i n i t é s g a b o n a i s e s , d r o i t et développement." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 38, no. 2 (April/June 1984): 95-132. SUBJECTS: Legal development, Development policy, Development planning, Traditional religion, Ethnicity, Local government, Traditional political system. 5676 Pourtier, R. "Encadrement territorial et production de la nation (quelques propositions illustrées par l'exemple du Gabon)." In: L'Etat contemporain en Afrique, edited by Emmanuel Terray. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1987. 341-358 pp. SUBJECTS: Nation-building, National planning policy, National development. KEYWORDS: spatial analysis. Emphasizes the importance of spatial parameters in the process of nation-building. Asks whether territorial structures exercise a nationalizing effect on regions. Examines how the state transforms space into a future for a nation. SEE ALSO 9530.

5671 Pambou-Tchivounda, Guillaume. "Une Juridiction constitutionnelle au Gabon (à propos de la chambre constitutionnelle de la Cour Suprême au Gabon)." In: Les Cours Suprêmes en Afrique: II, la jurisprudence: droit constitutionnel, droit social, droit international, droit financier, edited by Gérard Conac. Paris: Economica, 1988. 96-105 pp. SUBJECTS: Judicial system, Legal system, Constitutional development. KEYWORDS: supreme court. Analyzes constitutional jurisdiction in Gabon and the role of the constitutional chamber of Gabon's supreme court. Looks at the composition and authority of this supraconstitutional structure and its lawmaking role and place in the hierarchy of power in Gabon. 5672 Rémondo, Max. Le Droit administratif gabonais. Paris: Librarie Générale de Droit et de Jurisprudence, 1987. 303 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Law, Administration, Judicial system, Civil service. Analyzes the character of Gabonese administrative law. Addresses law relative to the structures, the organs, and the most affected personnel in public administration. Articulates study around administrative organization, action, conscience, public service, and the economic judicial system. 5673 Rémondo, Max. "Réflexions sur le système juridictionnel gabonais." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique 91, no. 771 (January/March 1981): 5-21. SUBJECTS: Legal system, Administra-

Politics

5677 Biteghe, Moïse Nsole. Echec aux militaires au Gabon. Paris: Chaka, 1990. 159 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Coup d'état, Political crisis, Historical analysis, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: Mba, Léon; France-Gabon relations; de Gaulle, Charles. Provides a brief historical account for causes for the failed military coup against Léon Mba, the first president of independent Gabon, in February 1964. Analyzes the political and strategic reasons beneath the French intervention to save the regime of Léon Mba. 5678 Da Gambeg, Y. N. "Le Président Bongo, le Gabon et le socialisme..." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 196/197 (1982): 30-47. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Development planning, Democracy, Pan-Africanism, Class analysis. K E Y W O R D S : MSA (Mouvement Socialiste Africain); Bongo, Omar. 5679 Kombila, J. P. "Les Communes, les assemblées départementales

382 •

GABON/Politics

et provinciales gabonaises: une décentralisation territoriale effective?" Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique no. 803 (June/September 1990): 236-245. SUBJECTS: Decentralization, Government analysis, Local government, National integration. KEYWORDS: commune; departmental assembly; provincial assembly. Studies the establishment and operation of communes and departmental and provincial assemblies as manifestations of government decentralization in Gabon. Examines government attempts to control the process by uniting decentralized institutions in common regional groupings in the interest of national integration.

cal system. KEYWORDS: Bongo, Omar. States that President Bongo claims the Gabonese political system to be progressive, rather than conservative or radical. Assesses the relative truth of that claim in the context of economic development and political participation. Explores the effect of ethnic conflict on the Gabonese political system.

5680 Ndaot-Rembogo, S. La Nouvelle administration gabonaise. Yaoundé, Cameroon: Centre d'Edition et de Production pour l'Enseignement et la Recherche, 1981. 184 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Administration, Judicial system, Presidential government, Local government, Civil service.

Population

5681 Ndiaye, Papa Guèye, Kokou Aithnard, Anges-Ratanga-Atoz, and Mamadou Seek. Un Homme, un pays: El Had) Omar Bongo, le Gabon. Dakar, Senegal: Nouvelles Editions Africaines, 1984.224 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Leadership analysis, Biography, Colonialism, Commercial sector, Economic development, State formation, Social development policy. 5682 Ntoutoume-Emane, Jean François. "Expérience gabonaise: le progressisme démocratique et concerté." Géopolitique africaine no. 3 (October 1986): 105-115. SUBJECTS: Democracy, Government analysis, Development planning, Ethnicity, Market economy, Politi-

SEE ALSO 8148.

5683 François, Michel D. "Gabon." In: L'Evaluation des effectifs de la population des pays africains, vol. 2, edited by Groupe de Démographie Africain. Paris: Groupe de Démographie Africain, 1984. 135-148 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Social change, Population growth. KEYWORDS: census.

Urban Development

SEE ALSO 4588.

GAMBIA Agriculture

5684 Carney, Judith A. "Struggles over crop rights and labour within contract farming households in a Gambian irrigated rice project." The Journal of Peasant Studies 14, no. 4 (July 1987): 334-349. SUBJECTS: Peasant society, Household economy, Agricultural production, Women's economic role, Irrigation. KEYWORDS: Jahaly Pacharr irrigation project; IFAD (International Fund for Agricultural Development); rice. Examines the expansion of smallholder contract farming in Africa and the consequent restructuring of peasant household production. Uses research carried out in the Gambian Jahaly Pacharr irrigation project. 5685 Harvey, Charles M. A. Improvements in Farmer Welfare in the Gambia: Groundnut Price Subsidies and Alternatives. Brighton, UK: Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, 1990. 46 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural sector, Price policy, Agricultural marketing. KEYWORDS: peanuts; government subsidy. Describes changes in groundnut prices and subsidies. Argues for and against subsidizing the producer price of groundnuts. Concludes that indefinite subsidy would be in error. 5686 Nath, Kamla. Women and Vegetable Gardens in the Gambia: Action Aid and Rural Development. Boston, Massachusetts: African Studies Center, Boston University, 1985.13 pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Rural development, Women's studies, Agricultural development, Nongovernmental organization. KEYWORDS: action aid. 5687 von Braun, Joachim, Detlev Puetz, and Patrick Webb. Irriga-

tion Technology and Commercialization of Rice in the Gambia: Effects on Income and Nutrition. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 1989. 116 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Irrigation, Agricultural technology, Agricultural marketing, Income distribution, Nutrition, Food production. Addresses the ways commercialization and technology can enhance food security. Traces the nutritional effects of production change. Concludes that technological change such as irrigation is important to farmers' well-being since even a little added income makes a difference in farmers' health. SEE ALSO 4602, 12883.

Colonialism

SEE ALSO 366.

Education

5688 Snyder, Leslie B., and Nancy Torrey. "Communication needs in a changing rural environment: Gambian women." African Studies Association Papers 28, no. 119 (November 1985): 1-20. SUBJECTS: Rural population, Women's studies, Education opportunity, Literacy, Mass communication, Mass media.

G A M B I A / H o u s e h o l d and Family •

383

Foreign Relations

Démographie Africain. Paris: Groupe de Démographie Africain, 1982. 87-97 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Migration, Fertility. KEYWORDS: census.

5689 Derman, William. "Changing donor strategies in the 1980s: A view from the middle: The case of the Gambia River Development Organization." African Studies Association Papers 28, no. 26 (November 1985): 1-20. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic development, Foreign aid, Technical assistance, Food scarcity. KEYWORDS: donor agency; OMVG (Organisation de Mise en Valeur de Fleuve Gambia); dams.

5697 Hughes, Arnold. "From colonialism to confederation: The Gambian experience of independence, 1965-1982." In: African Islands and Enclaves, edited by Robin Cohen. Beverly Hills, California: Sage, 1983. 57-80 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: National liberation movement, Colonialism, Political parties. KEYWORDS: PPP (People's Progressive Party); UP (United Party); NCP (National Convention Party); Senegambia.

General

5690 Carney, Judith A. "Struggles over land and crops in an irrigated rice scheme: The Gambia." In: Agriculture, Women, and Land: The African Experience, edited by Jean Davison. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1988. 59-78 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Irrigation, Rural development, Resource distribution, Women and development. KEYWORDS: Jahaly Pacharr irrigation project; rice. D= Analyzes the impact of the Jahaly Pacharr irrigation project on Gambian rural women's access to and control of productive resources. Raises several issues of bearing to theoretical and policy debates on gender equity goals in African rural development processes. 5691 Gailey, Harry A. Historical Dictionary of the Gambia. Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow, 1987.176 pp. biblio, maps. SUBJECTS: Bibliography. A bibliography, reference guide, and dictionary of key terms pertaining to the Gambia. Presents subjects ranging from the political to the sociological to cultural affairs. 5692 Gamble, David P. A General Bibliography of the Gambia (up to 31 December 1977). San Francisco, California: D. P. Gamble, 1987. 185 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Social services, Local government, Traditional society, Education policy. A nonannotated bibliography of works within a variety of disciplines on Gambia. Contains citations on Gambian government, social services, education policies, traditional society and customs, and indigenous languages. 5693 Gamble, David P. A General Bibliography of the Gambia: Supplement II: 1978-1982. San Fransisco, California: D. P. Gamble, 1987. 404 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography. A bibliography of works relevant to Gambia from 1978-82. Covers scholarly books and articles, new oriented material, and government documents. 5694 Gamble, David P. A General Bibliography of the Gambia: Supplement 111: 1983-1987. Brisbane, California: D. P. Gamble, 1990. 296 pp. SUBJECTS: Bibliography. Includes primarily works in the Gamble collection with additional works from libraries and other bibliographies. Includes also sessional papers, University of Michigan working papers, and Colorado State University written works and conference presentations. 5695 Gamble, David P. From the Gambian Rebellion to the Senegambian Confederation: A Provisional Bibliography. San Francisco, California: D. P. Gamble, 1983.41 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Senegal. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Coup d'état, Foreign aid, Legal system, Mass media. KEYWORDS: Senegambia. 5696 Gibril, Moulie A. "Gambie." In: L'Evaluation des effectifs de la population des pays africains, Vol. 1, edited by Groupe de

5698 Jobs and Skills Programme for Africa. Employment, Incomes, and Production in the Informal Sector in the Gambia: Report Submitted to the Government of the Gambia by a JASPA Technical Assistance Mission. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: International Labour Office, 1980. 72 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Employment, Informal sector, Income distribution. KEYWORDS: productivity; ILO. 5699 Nath, Kamla. Labor-Saving Techniques in Food Processing: Rural Women and Technological Change in the Gambia. Boston, Massachusetts: African Studies Center, Boston University, 1985. 26 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Women's studies, Development planning, Agricultural production, Technology transfer. KEYWORDS: CRS (Catholic Relief Service); UN Decade for Women, Equality, Development, and Peace 1975-1985. 5700 Sallah, Tijan M. "Economics and politics in the Gambia." The Journal of Modern African Studies 28, no. 4 (December 1990): 621-648. ALSO COVERS: Senegal. SUBJECTS: Economic history, Agricultural sector, Democracy. KEYWORDS: PPP (People's Progressive Party); peanuts; Gambian Economic Recovery Program 1985; Senegambia; Jawara, Dawda Kairaba. Presents a brief history of Gambian political and economic conditions since independence. Claims that although the government remains stable and democratic, the economy has been limited by agricultural policies and state intervention. Argues that the country needs to join with other countries' economies in order to grow. 5701 Stremplat, Axel V. The Impact of Food Aid and Food Security Programmes on the Development in Recipient Countries: Including Case Studies in the Republic of the Gambia, the Republic of Niger, and . . . Tanzania. Saarbrücken, West Germany: Breitenbach, 1981. 61 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Niger, Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Food policy, Foreign aid, Economic development. KEYWORDS: UN; FAO. 5702 Swindell, Kenneth. The Strange Farmers of the Gambia: A Study in the Redistribution of African Population. Norwich, UK: Geo Books/Center for the Development Studies, 1981. 112 pp. tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Migration pattern, Labor migration, Population distribution, Historical analysis, Socioeconomic analysis. KEYWORDS: abusa system; babada (farming unit); dalasi; navétane (migrant). SEE ALSO 12935,12950,12951,12978,12992,15132.

Household and Family

5703 von Braun, Joachim. "The effects of technological change in agriculture on food consumption and nutrition: Rice in a West African setting." World Development 16, no. 9 (September 1988): 1083-1098. tables. SUBJECTS: Malnutrition, Household analysis, Women's studies, Subsistence farming, Resource distribution, Children, Water

3 8 4 • G AMBI A / H o u s e h o l d and Family supply. KEYWORDS: rice. Deals with the effects of new rice technology on household-level food security in the Gambia. Indicates that the complexity of linkages between technological change, food security, and nutrition increases directly with the complexity of household organization.

Industry

of the problems can be solved through the implementation of low-cost land-use-policy strategies. 5708 Nath, Kamla. National Machineries for Integration of Women in Development: A Strategy for the Gambia. Boston, Massachusetts: African Studies Center, Boston University, 1985.17 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Africa. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Women's studies, Economic planning, Rural development, Nongovernmental organization. KEYWORDS: World Plan of Action; National Women's Council; action aid; Women's Bureau.

SEE ALSO 6555.

Politics Labor

5704 Hughes, Arnold, and David Perfect. 'Trade unionism in the Gambia." African Affairs: Journal ofthe Royal African Society 88, no. 353 (October 1989): 549-572. SUBJECTS: Trade union, Labor force. KEYWORDS: GWU (Gambia Workers' Union); GDWU (Gambia Dock Workers' Union). Argues that organized labor in the Gambia has received little attention. Traces the growth of trade unionism in the Gambia and relates it to other African labor history. Attends in particular to the growth of the GWU and the GDWU after 1977. 5705 Swindell, Kenneth. "From migrant farmer to permanent settler: The strange farmers of the Gambia." In: Redistribution of Population in Africa, edited by John I. Clarke and Leszek A. Kosinski. London: Heinemann, 1982.96-101 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Labormigration, Employment. KEYWORDS: Gambian Sample Survey of Agriculture 1974-1975.

5709 Perfect, David. "Organised labour and politics in the Gambia." Labour, Capital and Society ¡Travail, capital et société 19, no. 2 (November 1986): 169-200. SUBJECTS: Trade union, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: GLU (Gambia Labor Union); GWU (Gambia Workers' Union); PPP (People's Progressive Party). Considers trade unions in the Gambia from 1960 to 1985. Sheds light on the role of African trade unions in domestic politics and on the impact of international trade unions on local trade unions. 5710 Senghor, Jeggan C. "Senegambia—The logical bases for integration." Africa Quarterly 22, no. 1 (1982): 5-24. tables. ALSO COVERS: Senegal. SUBJECTS: International relations, Political integration, Economic integration, Elite analysis, Colonialism, Ethnic politics. KEYWORDS: Senegambia; linguistics. 5711 Wiseman, John A. "The social and economic bases of party support in Serekunda, the Gambia." The Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics 23, no. 1 (March 1985): 3-29. tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Political parties, Political participation, Oneparty system, Ethnic politics. KEYWORDS: Serekunda, Gambia; PPP (People's Progressive Party); NCP (National Convention Party).

Migration

SEE ALSO 3094, 13067, 13070.

5706 Colvin, Lucie Gallistel. "The Gambia." In: The Uprooted of the Western Sahel: Migrants' Quest for Cash in the Senegambia, edited by Lucie Gallistel Colvin, Cheikh Ba, Boubacar Barry, Jacques Faye, and Alice Hamer. New York: Praeger, 1981.287-313 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Urbanization, Rural-urban migration, Public policy, Formal education, Migration, Demographic analysis. KEYWORDS: Gambia Five-Year Development Plan 1975-1980.

Regionalism/Nationalism

SEE ALSO 13036.

Religion

Planning and Development

SEE ALSO 13086.

5707 McGrath, Brendan. "Land use and transportation policy in a small African city: The example of Greater Banjul." Third World Planning Review 12, no. 1 (February 1990): 41-57. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Land-use policy, Transportation system, Urban development. KEYWORDS: Banjul, Gambia. Examines the issue of public transport in the city of Greater Banjul with respect to the issue of physical accessibility for the general public. Notes the difficulties that poor people encounter in trying to transport themselves outside their immediate area. Suggests that some

Socioeconomic Analysis

SEE ALSO 13083.

5712 Kingsland, James L. "Resource allocation decisions in Gambian local councils." The Journal of Developing Areas 16, no. 2 (January 1982): 213-232. tables. SUBJECTS: Resource distribution, Local government, Political analysis, Behavioral analysis, Language policy.

GHANA/Agriculture

Trade

5713 Barrett, Hazel R. The Marketing of Foodstuffs in the Gambia, 1400-1980: A Geographical Analysis. Aldershot, UK: Avebury, 1988. 231 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Senegal. SUBJECTS: Cash crop production, Traditional society, Trade policy, Historical analysis, Marketing. KEYWORDS: peanuts; Gambian Cooperative Union. Examines the historical development of the traditional marketplace network from the fifteenth century to the 1980s. Emphasizes the role that groundnut production has played in the colonial and postcolonial marketplaces.

Urban Development

• 385

Resistance movement. KEYWORDS: Mandinka people; Jahaly Pacharr irrigation project; rice. Considers peasant farming in the Gambia. Notes that technical change due to irrigated rice production and the intensification of agriculture have raised contests over labor, land, crop rights, and the conjugal contract—especially between men and women. Analyzes these issues as interpretive struggles. 5715 Dey, Jennie. "Gambian women: Unequal partners in rice development projects?" In: African Women in the Development Process, edited by Nici Nelson. London: Frank Cass, 1981. 109-122 pp. SUBJECTS: Division of labor, Gender relations, Women and development, Land tenure system, Women's rights, Irrigation. KEYWORDS: rice; Mandinka people. 5716 Nath, Kamla. Women and Technological Change in the Gambia: A Case Study of the Salt Industry. Boston, Massachusetts: African Studies Center, Boston University, 1985. 15 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Economic development, W o m e n ' s studies, Technological development, Socioeconomic analysis, Sex discrimination. KEYWORDS: UNIDO (UN Industrial Development Organization); salt; River Gambia.

SEE ALSO 13108.

Women and Gender

5714 Carney, Judith, and Michael Watts. "Manufacturing dissent: Work, gender and the politics of meaning in a peasant society." Africa: Journal of the International African Institute/Revue de l'institut africain international 60, no. 2 (1990): 207-241. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Commercial agriculture, Gender relations, Division of labor, Peasant society, Household analysis, Resource distribution,

5717 von Braun, Joachim, and Patrick J. R. Webb. "The impact of new crop technology on the agricultural division of labor in a West African setting." Economic Development and Cultural Change 37, no. 3 (April 1989): 511-534. tables. ALSO COVERS: West Africa. SUBJECTS: Agricultural technology, Division of labor, Household analysis, Sex role, Gender relations, Commercial agriculture, Women's economic role. KEYWORDS: rice; MacCarthy Island Division, Gambia. Examines the impact of centralized pump irrigation on a rice production project in the Gambia, a project designed to overcome gender bias in farming roles. Considers the changing roles of men and women in rice production. Evaluates how technological change influences the distribution of resources.

GHANA Agriculture

5718 Addo, S. T. "The accessibility factor in the production and marketing of farm produce in developing economies: A Ghanaian example." In: Towards Food Self-Sufficiency in West Africa, edited by Kodwo Ewusi. Tema, Ghana: Tema, 1984. 183-192 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural marketing, Agricultural production, Transportation system. KEYWORDS: Central Region, Ghana. 5719 Ameyaw, Stephen. The Dynamics of Female Entrepreneurship and Indigenous Food Markets: A Case ofTechiman Market Women, Ghana. East Lansing, Michigan: Women in Development, Michigan State University, 1990. 23 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Women and development, Case study, Agricultural marketing, Food production, B e h a v i o r a l analysis, Rural development, Entrepreneurship. KEYWORDS: Techiman, Ghana; market women. Examines the factors influencing entrepreneurship among market women in Techiman, Ghana. Focuses on psychological factors affecting women's choices. States that analyzing women's marketing systems is a powerful tool for promoting rural development. 5720 A r d a y f i o - S c h a n d o r f , E l i z a b e t h . Rural Development Strategies in Northern Ghana: Problems and Prospects for Reaching the Small Farmer. Norwich, UK: Geo, 1982. 22 pp. biblio, tables,

maps. SUBJECTS: Smallholder agriculture, Rural development, Agrarian reform, Irrigation, Agricultural cooperatives. KEYWORDS : Northern Region, Ghana; UGFCC (United Ghana Farmers' Cooperative Council). 5721 Arhin, Kwame. Expansion of Cocoa Production: The Working Conditions of Migrant Cocoa Farmers in the Central and Western Regions. Ghana: K. Arhin, 1985. 137 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Cash crop production, Labor migration, Land-use policy, Labor force, Household economy, Agricultural marketing. KEYWORDS: Ghana Cocoa Marketing Board; cocoa; Central Region, Ghana; Western Region, Ghana; working conditions. 5722 Arhin, Kwame. "The Ghana Cocoa Marketing Board and the farmer." In: Marketing Boards in Tropical Africa, edited by Kwame Arhin, Paul Hesp, and Laurens van der Laan. Boston, Massachusetts: KPI, 1985. 37-52 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Cash crop production, Nationalist movement, Agricultural cooperatives, Agricultural marketing. KEYWORDS: Ghana Cocoa Marketing Board; Gold Coast Cocoa Marketing Board; CPP (Convention People's Party); UGFCC (United Ghana Farmers' Council); State Cocoa Marketing Board. 5723 Arthur, Kojo. Ghana's Food Crisis: Alternative Perspectives. Trenton, New Jersey: Africa Research and Publications Project, 1984. 23 pp. SUBJECTS: Food scarcity, Agricultural policy, Agricultural

386 • GHANA/Agriculture labor. 5724 Asuming-Brempong, Samuel. "Ghana rice policy: The cost of self-sufficiency." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 14, no. 4 (1989): 67-82. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Cash crop production, Food production, Self-sufficient economy, Government economic management. KEYWORDS: rice. States that rice has been a leading crop in Ghana for four centuries and has received a lot of support from the government. Argues that this attempt at self-sufficiency in rice has been very costly because Ghana has no comparative advantage in rice and has overprotected the rice industry. Analyzes the misallocation of scarce resources in favor of rice production.

mental degradation. KEYWORDS: forests; Ghana drought 19821983; Ayirebi, Ghana; deforestation. Analyzes the land tenure system of Ayirebi, Ghana, and especially the effect of drought on the region. Studies soil erosion, desertification, and deforestation and their effects on households and land tenure. Calls for environmentally sound development that considers the longterm impact of cultivation. 5732 Gastellu, Jean-Marc. "Les Plantations de cacao au Ghana." Cahiers des sciences humaines 18, no. 2 (1981/1982): 225-254. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Côte d'Ivoire. SUBJECTS: Cash crop production, Migration pattern, Peasant economy, Agricultural production, Plantation economy. KEYWORDS: cocoa; Ashanti people.

5725 Atsu, S. Y., and P. M. Owusu. Food Production and Resource Use in the Traditional Food Farms in the Eastern Region of Ghana. Legon, Ghana: Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research, 1982. I l l pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Food production, Traditional society, Labor market, Farming system, Transportation system. KEYWORDS: Eastern Region, Ghana; cropping system.

5733 Gyekye, L. O. 'The role of the group lending scheme in food production in Ghana: An appraisal." In: Towards Food Self Sufficiency in West Africa, edited by Kodwo Ewusi. Tema, Ghana: Tema, 1984. 142-163 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Credit policy, Food production, Agricultural sector. KEYWORDS: agricultural credit; Group Lending Scheme, Ghana.

5726 Beckman, Bjorn. "Ghana, 1951-78: The agrarian basis of the post-colonial state." In: Rural Development in Tropical Africa, edited by Judith Heyer, Pepe Roberts, and Gavin Williams. New York: St. Martin's, 1981. 143-167 pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural marketing, Rural development, Agricultural production, Peasant economy, Stateowned enterprise, Foreign capital. KEYWORDS: Operation Feed Yourself; state farms; cocoa.

5734 Gyimah-Boadi, E. "Policies and politics of export agriculture." In: The State, Development and Politics in Ghana, edited by Emmanuel Hansen and Kwame A. Ninsin. London: CODESRIA, 1989. 222-241 pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural policy. KEYWORDS: export agriculture; CPP (Convention People's Party); UGFCC (United Ghana Farmers' Cooperative Council); NLC (National Liberation Council); PP (Progress Party). Assesses the possibility for arresting and reversing the decline in agricultural production in Ghana. Argues that the formulation and implementation of agricultural policy are substantially influenced by the interests of the social groups that dominate the various institutions of state.

5727 Brookman-Amissah, J. "Forestry and socio-economic aspects of modification of traditional shifting cultivation through the Taungya system in the Subri area, Ghana." In: Changes in Shifting Cultivation in Africa: Seven Case Studies, edited by the FAO Forestry Department. Rome, Italy: FAO, 1985. 163-185 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Food production, Environmental degradation, Agricultural development, Socioeconomic analysis. KEYWORDS: Subri area, Ghana; Subri River Forest Reserve. 5728 Brown, C. K. "Land reform, the small-scale farmer and food self-sufficiency in Ghana." In: Towards Food Self-Sufficiency in West Africa, edited by Kodwo Ewusi. Tema, Ghana: Tema, 1984.164-179 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Food production, Land reform, Smallholder agriculture. KEYWORDS: food self-sufficiency. 5729 Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, ed. Agricultural Policy and Development in West Africa: Ghana, Liberia and Sierra Leone: Annotated Bibliography No. RB6d. Vol. 4 of 7. Slough, UK: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, 1983. 85 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Liberia, Sierra Leone. SUBJECTS: Agricultural policy, Agricultural development, Bibliography, Women's economic role, Agricultural marketing. KEYWORDS: rice; cocoa. 5730 Dei, George J. S. "Coping with the effects of the 1982-83 drought in Ghana: The view from the village." Africa Development/Afrique et développement 13, no. 1 (1988): 107-122. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Drought, Rural development, Political instability, Labor migration, Food production. KEYWORDS: Ayirebi, Ghana; Akyem Oda; Ghana drought 1982-1983. Analyzes the village of Ayirebi in Eastern Ghana during the 1982-1983 drought. States that the population was able to control the effects of the drought because of the supple nature of the subsistence economy, the development of harvesting and hunting, and the stability of social relations. 5731 Dei, George J. S. "Land and food production in a Ghanaian forest community." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 12, no. 1 (1987): 101-124. tables. SUBJECTS: Food production, Food scarcity, Land tenure system, Drought, Household analysis, Environ-

5735 Hansen, Emmanuel. "Public policy and the food question in Ghana." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 6, no. 3 (1981): 99-115. SUBJECTS: Public policy, Food scarcity, Colonialism, Food policy. KEYWORDS : Sahel; Ghana drought 19741976; Acheampong, Ignatius Kutu. 5736 Hansen, Emmanuel. "The state and food agriculture." In: The State, Development and Politics in Ghana, edited by Emmanuel Hansen and Kwame A. Ninsin. London: CODESRIA, 1989. 184-221 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural policy, Food policy, Agricultural marketing, Food scarcity. KEYWORDS: Operation Feed Yourself; agricultural credit; PNDC (Provisional National Defence Council); food agriculture. Examines the food crisis of scarcity in Ghana. Asserts that the recurring food crisis is neither an accidental situation nor an emergency created by meteorological conditions. Assesses the role of food in the national development plan. Discusses food policy in Ghana from Ghana's colonial period through the first and second republics. 5737 Hill, Polly. Talking with Ewe Seine Fishermen and Shallot Farmers. Cambridge, UK: African Studies Centre, University of Cambridge, 1986. 66 pp. biblio, maps. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Economic analysis, Agricultural sector, Fishing industry, Farming system. KEYWORDS: Ewe people; seine fishing; shallots. Summarizes the main features of Ewe fishermen's organizational structure. Consists primarily of oral material, with some analysis. 5738 Hull, Richard W. "Urban concerns and food deficiencies in Ghana: Historical dimensions." African Studies Association Papers 26, no. 67b (December 1983): 1-15. SUBJECTS: Urban population, Food scarcity, Import policy, Population growth, Agricultural policy, Cash crop production, Smallholder agriculture. KEYWORDS: cocoa; landlord-tenant relations; urban bias.

GHANA/Class • 3 8 7 5739 Kraus, Jon. "The political economy of food in Ghana." In: Coping with Africa's Food Crisis, edited by Naomi Chazan and Timothy M. Shaw. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1988. 75-118 pp. SUBJECTS: Political economy studies, Food production, Economic crisis, Food scarcity, Political parties, Agricultural production, Agricultural sector. KEYWORDS: SMC (Supreme Military Council); NLC (National Liberation Council); PNP (People's National Party); PNDC (Provisional National Defence Council). Discusses the dimensions and character of Ghana's agrarian crisis since independence. Addresses the ways government policy has shaped Ghana's agricultural production patterns, ways that Ghanaians have responded to the crisis, and ways the political economy of food has affected the process of distribution. 5740 Mikell, Gwendolyn. "Ghanaian females, rural economy and national security." The African Studies Review 29, no. 3 (September 1986): 67-88. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Agrarian economy, Agricultural development, Rural-urban migration, Historical analysis, Cash crop production, Food production. KEYWORDS: monocrop economy; cocoa. Puts the role of women farmers in Ghana into historical perspective in order to explain the changing relationship between rural women and the national economy. States that both women and men suffered because of the lack of investment in the rural sector. Argues for the inclusion of women in rural development. 5741 Ninsin, Kwame A. "The land question since the 1950s." In: The State, Development and Politics in Ghana, edited by Emmanuel Hansen and Kwame A. Ninsin. London: CODESRIA, 1989.165-183 pp. SUBJECTS: Land-use policy, Land tenure system, Economic recovery, Commercial agriculture. KEYWORDS: CPP (Convention People's Party); agrarian capitalism. Examines the land tenure system in Ghana. Argues that the development of capitalist production relations has undermined the stability and viability of communal land tenure systems, particularly since independence. Examines both the rule of the lower fraction of the petite bourgeoisie and the attempts made to assert the power of the state over communal lands as a means of ensuring that the state and members of this class have ample access to such lands. 5742 Owusu, Kwame Opoku, and William Tetteh. "An experiment in agricultural credit: The small farmer group lending programme in Ghana (1969-1980)." Savings and Development 6, no. 1 (1982): 67-83. tables. SUBJECTS: Smallholder agriculture, Credit policy, Agricultural extension service. KEYWORDS: ADB (Agricultural Development Bank); Commodity Credit Scheme; Group Lending Programme. 5743 Patten, Sonia E., and Godwin K. Nukunya. "Organizational responses to agricultural intensification in Angola, Ghana." The African Studies Review 25, no. 2/3 (June/September 1982): 67-77. maps. ALSO COVERS: Angola. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Labor union, Agricultural marketing, Social stratification, Cash crop production, Credit policy, Land distribution. KEYWORDS : shallots. 5744 Ray, Donald I. "Evaluation of traditional rulers as a policy instrument for managing the food crisis: The case of Northern Ghana." Genève Afrique/Geneva Africa 25, no. 1 (1987): 7-24. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Traditional authority, Food policy, Development planning, Local development, Elite analysis, Agricultural development. KEYWORDS: Dagomba people; PNDC (Provisional National Defence Council); Gonja people; Northern Region, Ghana. Analyzes the role that traditional rulers play in establishing Ghana's food policy, especially in the Gonja region. Argues that the peasants who provide food and labor for traditional rulers are the very people going hungry in Ghana. Suggests that state and traditional ruler differences must be resolved to remedy this.

5745 Shepherd, Andrew. "Agrarian change in northern Ghana: Public investment, capitalist farming and famine." In: Rural Development in Tropical Africa, edited by Judith Heyer, Pepe Roberts, and Gavin Williams. New York: St. Martin's, 1981. 168-192 pp. SUBJECTS: Public investment, Agricultural production, Rural development, Famine, Peasant economy, Commercial agriculture, Labor migration. KEYWORDS: Aliens Expulsion Act 1969; rice; UGFCC (United Ghana Farmers' Cooperative Council); Ghana famines 1974, 1977; Northern Region, Ghana. 5746 Tripp, Robert B. "Time allocation in northern Ghana: An example of the random visit method." The Journal of Developing Areas 16, no. 3 (April 1982): 391-400. tables. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria, Burkina Faso. SUBJECTS: Agricultural labor, Agrarian economy, Labor force, Labor market, Division of labor. KEYWORDS: off-farm income. 5747 Van Hear, Nicholas. "'By-day' boys and dariga men: Casual labour versus agrarian capital in northern Ghana." Review of African Political Economy 31 (December 1984): 44-56. tables. SUBJECTS: Household economy, Transnational corporations, Peasant economy, Commodity production, Agricultural cooperatives, Entrepreneurship, Commercial agriculture. KEYWORDS: wage labor; surplus value; casual labor; agrarian capitalism; Northern Region, Ghana. 5748 Vercruijsse, Emile. The Political Economy ofPeasant Farming in Ghana. The Hague, Netherlands: Institute of Social Studies, 1988. 137 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Peasant economy, Political economy studies, Agricultural production, Food scarcity, Land tenure system, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: Akan people; Abura-Dunkwa area, Ghana; Mfantse people. States that agricultural productivity continues to decline in Ghana. Assesses the problems surrounding peasant farming in southern Ghana by examining how the social relations in which peasants have been enmeshed since the advent of colonial rule have contributed to the failures of agriculture during the 1980s. 5749 Young, Crawford, Neal P. Sherman, and Tim H. Rose. Cooperatives and Development: Agricultural Politics in Ghana and Uganda. Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press, 1981. 276 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Uganda. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Agricultural cooperatives, Political economy studies, Agricultural marketing. KEYWORDS: cocoa. SEE ALSO 15, 59, 258, 4204, 4371, 14922, 14946.

Class

5750 Aidoo, Thomas Akwasi. "Ghana: Social class, the December coup, and the prospects for socialism." In: Proletarianization and Class Struggle in Africa, edited by Bernard Magubane and NzongolaNtalaja. San Francisco, California: Synthesis, 1983. 142-159 pp. SUBJECTS: Socialism, Class analysis, Military intervention, Bourgeoisie, Class struggle. KEYWORDS: Ghana December 31st coup 1981; Rawlings, Jerry J. 5751 Graham, Yao. "From GTP to Assene: Aspects of industrial working class struggles in Ghana 1982-1986." In: The State, Development and Politics in Ghana, edited by Emmanuel Hansen and Kwame A. Ninsin. London: CODESRIA, 1989. 43-72 pp. SUBJECTS: Class struggle, Industrial relations, Working class. KEYWORDS: GTP (Ghana Textiles Printing); AFL (Allied Foods Limited); PNDC (Provisional National Defence Council); Accra-Tema area, Ghana. Discusses aspects of working class struggles in Ghana in the

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period 1982-1986. Focuses on a number of struggles around enterprises in the Accra-Tema area. Asserts that those struggles had sociopolitical implications and effects far beyond the industrial relations issues that provoked them.

People's Party). Examines the life and writings of Kwame Nkrumah in the context of Ghana's struggle for independence. Discussess the influence of President Nkrumah on Pan Africanism.

5752 Kennedy, Paul. "Workers in petty production, Accra, Ghana: Towards proletarianization?" Labour, Capital and Society/Travail, capital et société 16, no. 1 (April 1983): 64-93. tables. SUBJECTS: Class formation, Urban poverty, Informal sector, Working class, Small business, Industrial development. KEYWORDS: Accra, Ghana.

SEE ALSO 344.

5753 Konings, P. "Riziculture capitaliste et petits paysans." Politique africaine no. 11 (September 1983): 77-94. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Class formation, Class conflict, Class analysis. KEYWORDS: BTC (Builsa Traditional Council); BYA (Builsa Youth Association). 5754 Twumasi, Yaw. "Social class and newspaper coverage in Ghana." In: Mass Communication, Culture and Society in West Africa, edited by Frank Okwu Ugboajah. Oxford, UK: Hans Zeli, 1985. 211-220 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Class analysis, Mass communication, Elite analysis, Economic development, Working class, Urban population. KEYWORDS: Daily Graphic, Ghanaian Times', newspapers. SEE ALSO 322.

Colonialism

5755 Bennell, Paul. "Colonial legacy of salary structures in Anglophone Africa." The Journal of Modern African Studies 20, no. 1 (March 1982): 127-154. tables. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria, Kenya. SUBJECTS: Wage policy, Income distribution, Indirect rule, Class analysis, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: Anglophone Africa. 5756 Crook, Richard C. "Decolonization, the colonial state, and chieftaincy in the Gold Coast." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 85, no. 338 (January 1986): 75-106. SUBJECTS: Traditional authority, Indirect rule, Decolonization, Historical analysis, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: chieftaincy. Reinterprets the colonial state-chieftaincy relationship in Ghana. States that indirect rule reinforced the chief s position in society, thus making him a contradictory figure. Argues that independence, therefore, meant a reform of that system and a revision of the chiefs role in society. 5757 Grier, Beverly. "Contradiction, crisis, and class conflict: The state and capitalist development in Ghana prior to 1948." In: Studies in Power and Class in Africa, edited by Irving Leonard Markovitz. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1987. 27-49 pp. SUBJECTS: Class analysis, Peasant economy, Indirect rule, Colonialism, Nationalist movement, Capitalist development. KEYWORDS: precapitalist society; West African Lands Committee; Ghana Cocoa Marketing Board. Uses the history of Ghana in conjunction with a theoretical approach to study capitalist development and the state in peasant Africa. Focuses on the colonial period prior to 1948. Offers a new synthesis to explain the mechanism through which foreign capitalism underdeveloped both settler and peasant Africa. 5758 Hadjor, Kofi Buenor. Nkrumah and Ghana: The Dilemma of Post-Colonial Power. London: Kegan Paul International, 1988. 114 pp. SUBJECTS: Imperialism, Colonialism, Pan Africanism, Leadership analysis. KEYWORDS: Nkrumah, Kwame; CPP (Convention

Economics

5759 Aboagye, A. A. "Rising world prices and inflation in Ghana." In: Trade and Development in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), edited by Adeyinka Orimalade and R. E. Ubogu. New Delhi, India: Vikas, 1984. 169-182 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Monetary policy, Oil industry, Inflation, Monetary exchange, Price policy, Import policy. KEYWORDS: cedi. 5760 Achampong, Francis. "Insurance regulation in aid of development in the Third World: A look at the Republic of Ghana." Journal of African Law 30, no. 2 (Autumn 1986): 190-203. SUBJECTS: Law, Economic development, Balance of payments, Industrial development. KEYWORDS: insurance industry. Examines the importance of insurance to the Ghanaian economy and discusses the value of insurance regulation as an aid to development. Considers how regulation aids important sectors of the economy by fulfilling industrial objectives. 5761 Ahiakpor, James C. W. "The success and failure of dependency theory: The experience of Ghana." International Organization 39, no. 3 (1985): 535-552. tables. SUBJECTS: Dependency theory, Economic policy, Poverty, Price policy. KEYWORDS: neoclassical economic theory. 5762 Akaah, Ishmael P., Kofi Q. Dadzie, and Bruce Dunson. "Formal financial institutions as savings mobilizing conduits in rural LDCs: An empirical assessment based on the bank savings behavior of Ghanaian farm households." Savings and Development 11, no. 2 (1987): 115-135. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Financial system, Household analysis, Rural population, Banking. KEYWORDS: savings. Aids planners in their evolving of policies for using banks to mobilize savings. Focuses on the bank expansion program in Ghana in order to assess the efficacy of bank mobilization. Examines how willing Ghanaian cocoa farmers were to save with formal banks and what influenced their decision making. 5763 Amoako-Adu, Ben, and Kojo Menyah. "Inflation, devaluation and the insurance industry in a less developed economy: The case of Ghana." Savings and Development 11, no. 3 (1987): 275-289. tables. SUBJECTS: Inflation, Financial system. KEYWORDS: devaluation; insurance industry; SIC (State Insurance Corporate); GRO (Ghana Reinsurance Organization). States that the high rate of inflation, which creates negative interest rates, when combined with devaluation makes the future of insurance companies in Ghana bleak. Considers types of insurance products and the effect of devaluation and inflation on those products. 5764 Bank of Ghana. "Ghana's stabilization measures and the IMF: A case study." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 10, no. 1/2 (1985): 137-149. tables. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Economic recovery. KEYWORDS: economic stabilization; IMF. 5765 Botchwey, Kwesi. P.N.D.C. Budget Statement and Economic Policy for 1985. Accra, Ghana: Ghana Publishing, 1985. 33 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Budget policy, Financial system, Balance of payments,

GHANA/Economics

Foreign trade, Import policy, Economic policy, Government economic management. KEYWORDS: Ghana Economic Recovery Programme 1983-1986; Ghana government budget 1985. 5766 Chazan, Naomi. Anatomy of Ghanaian Politics: Managing Political Recession, 1969-1982. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1983. 429 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Government economic management, Economic recession, Political economy studies. KEYWORDS: Ghana Second Republic 1969-1972; Acheampong, Ignatius Kutu; Limann, Hilla; Rawlings, Jerry J. 5767 Chazan, Naomi H. Development, Underdevelopment, and the State in Ghana. Boston, Massachusetts: African Studies Center, Boston University, 1982. 40 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Political economy studies, Underdevelopment, Corruption, Marxist analysis, Government economic management, Dependency theory. KEYWORDS: kalabule; parallel economy. 5768 Dapaah, Samuel Kojo. "The case of Ghana." In: Agricultural Market Intervention and Pricing Policies in Africa, edited by FAO. Rome, Italy: FAO, 1989. 13-48 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Economic policy, Agricultural production. Examines Ghanaian agricultural production, showing its considerable improvement since the beginning of the Economic Recovery Programme in 1983. Concludes that Ghana still faces the formidable task of maintaining the momentum of recovery. 5769 Denoon, David B. H. Devaluation under Pressure: India, Indonesia, and Ghana. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, 1986. 260 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Monetary policy, Economic crisis, Budget policy, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: Busia, Kofi Abrefa; NLC (National Liberation Council); economic stabilization. States that because of indebtedness during the 1970s, the issues surrounding devaluation have became increasingly complex. Assesses the motives behind currency devaluation, the likely success of a devaluation policy, and the critical stages in the devaluation process. 5770 Ewusi, Kodwo. "Balance of payments crisis in Ghana, 19501980." In: Trade and Development in Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), edited by Adeyinka Orimalade and R. E. Ubogu. New Delhi, India: Vikas, 1984. 459-476 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign exchange, Foreign trade, Balance of payments, Foreign trade, Debt crisis. KEYWORDS: Bank of Ghana. 5771 Ewusi, Kodwo. Ghana Economy in 1981-1982: Recent Trends and Prospects for the Future. Legon, Ghana: Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research, November 1982.48 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Mining, Economic growth rate, Financial system, Foreign trade, Economic policy, Manufacturing sector, Agricultural sector. KEYWORDS: fuel. 5772 Ewusi, K o d w o . Structural Adjustment and Stabilization Policies in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Ghana's Experience in 1983-1986. Tema, Ghana: Ghana Publishing, 1987.91 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Economic recovery, Income distribution, Development planning. KEYWORDS: economic stabilization; Ghana Economic Recovery Programme 1983-1986. Assesses Ghana's structural adjustment program from 1983 to 1986. States that, despite high short-run political and economic costs, Ghana has stuck by its structural adjustment program and become a model for the developing world. Adds that Ghana's program has had positive long-term effects on production. 5773 Ewusi, Kodwo. The Economy of Ghana: Recent Trends and Prospects for the Future. Legon, Ghana: University of Ghana, July 1981. 35 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Constitutional reform, Foreign aid, Financial system. KEYWORDS: AFRC

•

389

(Armed Forces Revolutionary Council); Rawlings, Jerry J.; Action Programme for Agricultural Production; Bank of Ghana. 5774 Ewusi, Kodwo. The Political Economy of Ghana in the Post Independence Period: Description and Analysis of the Decadence of the Political Economy of Ghana and the Survival Techniques of Her Citizens. Legon, Ghana: Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research, November 1984. 33 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic crisis, Political economy studies, Political system, State politics, Economic system, Policy recommendation. KEYWORDS: Nkrumah, Kwame; NLC (National Liberation Council). 5775 Ewusi, Kodwo. The Prospects for Increasing Ghana's Manufactured Exports under ECOWAS. Legon, Ghana: Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research, 1982. 31 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic policy, Industrial development, Export policy, Taxation policy, Marketing, Manufacturing sector. KEYWORDS: ECOWAS. 5776 Finlayson, Jock A., and Mark W. Zacher. ' T h e politics of international commodity regulation: The negotiation and operation of the International Cocoa Agreements." Third World Quarterly 5, no. 2 (April 1983): 386-417. tables. ALSO COVERS: Cote d'lvoire, Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic history, Commodity production. KEYWORDS: cocoa; International Cocoa Agreement 1975. 5777 Gemper, Bodo B., ed. The International Trend towards Indicative Targeting: Case Studies on Canada, Ghana, Great Britain, the People's Republic of China, South Africa, the Soviet Union, Taiwan, and West Germany. Hamburg, West Germany: Weltarchiv, 1988.207 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Economic policy, Government economic management. KEYWORDS: indicative targeting. Uses case studies to discuss what kinds of economic policies countries should pursue under the pressure of accelerating change. Analyzes government involvement in economic policy design and fulfillment. States that industrialized and developing economies must design policies to shape change. 5778 Graham, Ronald W. "Structural problems in the world economy: A case study in the Ghana-VALCO renegotiations." In: Essays from the Ghana-VALCO Renegotiations, 1982-85, edited by Fui S. Tsikata. Accra, Ghana: Victoriaborg, 1986. 87-111 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic policy, Energy industry, Economic relations, Transnational corporations, International economic relations. KEYWORDS: Volta River Authority; VALCO (Volta Aluminum Company); PNDC (Provisional National Defence Council). Examines contract negotiations between Ghana and VALCO from the global perspective of economic interdependency. Discusses the problems Ghana has encountered in dealing with a transnational corporation that has no ties to the interests of Ghana. Points out the reassertion of sovereignty accomplished under the new contract. 5779 Green, Reginald Herbold. "Ghana: Progress, problematics and limitations of the success story." Institute of Development Studies Bulletin 19, no. 1 (January 1988): 7-15. tables. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: Rawlings, Jerry J. Considers the success of Ghana's structural adjustment program from 1983 to 1987. Notes the human cost but argues that without the program, the poor would be poorer. 5780 Gyimah-Boadi, E. "Economic recovery and politics in the PNDC's Ghana." The Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics 28, no. 3 (November 1990): 328-343. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Economic recovery, Authoritarian government. KEYWORDS: Rawlings, Jerry J.; PNDC (Provisional National Defence Council); IMF.

390

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Examines the impact of IMF structural adjustment policies on the political practices of the Jerry Rawlings regime. Points out the development of a highly authoritarian government that is maintaining these reforms by coercion. States that the authoritarian forces depend on the continued success of structural adjustment for their survival. 5781 Huq, M. M. The Economy of Ghana: The First Twenty-Five Years since Independence. Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan, 1988. 355 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Infrastructure, Banking, Commodity production, Agricultural production, Economic history, Technological development. Examines sectoral developments and the causes of economic decline in Ghana and attempts to identify in broad terms what went wrong. Discusses developments in the Ghanaian economy mainly during 1957-1982. 5782 Hutchful, Eboe. "From 'revolution' to monetarism: The economics and politics of the adjustment programme in Ghana." In: Structural Adjustment in Africa, edited by Bonnie K. Campbell and John Loxley. Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan, 1989. 92-131 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Monetary policy, Economic development policy, Debt crisis, Crisis management, Revolutionary movement. KEYWORDS: IMF; World Bank. Examines the political changes and the subsequent economic development undertaken by the Rawlings government after the December 1981 coup in Ghana. Evaluates the adjustment program and national economic reconstruction carried out by the state, the IMF, and the World Bank. 5783 Ingham, Barbara. Tropical Exports and Economic Development: New Perspectives on Producer Response in Three Low-Income Countries. London: Macmillan, 1981. 123 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Economic development, International economic relations, Trade policy, Peasant economy, Foreign investment, Cash crop production, Capitalist development. KEYWORDS: cocoa; domestic economy. 5784 Ingrain, William D., and Scott R. Pearson. "Impact of investment concessions on the profitability of selected firms in Ghana." Economic Development and Cultural Change 29, no. 4 (July 1981): 831-839. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Investment policy, Business administration, Taxation policy. KEYWORDS: investment concessions. 5785 Jeffries, Richard. "Ghana: The political economy of personal rule." In: Contemporary West African States, edited by Donal B. Cruise O'Brien, John Dunn, and Richard Rathbone. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1989. 75-98 pp. SUBJECTS: Personalized leadership, Economic crisis, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: Rawlings, Jerry J.; Acheampong, Ignatius Kutu; Nkrumah, Kwame. Traces the deterioration of Ghana's economy, beginning with the "socialist" phase of the Nkrumah government. Addresses the reasons that Rawlings decided to adopt an IMF/World Bank-supported economic recovery program.

Economic Recovery Programme 1983-1986; Ghana Economic Recovery Programme 1986-1988; UNICEF; PAMSCAD (Programme of Actions to Mitigate the Social Costs of Adjustment); Canada-Ghana relations. Examines the ways the Ghanaian government has addressed the country's economic situation since 1983. Concludes that Ghana has made considerable progress under very difficult conditions and that its experience can serve as an example for other developing countries in economic crisis. 5788 Loxley, John. "Structural adjustment in Africa: Reflections on Ghana and Zambia." Review of African Political Economy 47 (Spring 1990): 8-27. ALSO COVERS: Zambia. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Monetary policy, Food production, Debt crisis. KEYWORDS: devaluation; exchange rate. Compares the positive structural adjustment experiences of Ghana with the negative experiences of Zambia. Demonstrates why Ghana could be expected to do better and why its program is not likely to be replicated or sustained. States that both countries suffer weak commodity markets and reduced inflows of capital. 5789 Mensah, A. H. O. "Some aspects of economic regimentation— Ghana's experience with price and import controls." Journal of African Studies 13, no. 2 (Summer 1986): 69-76. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic recovery, Government regulation, Price policy, Economic h i s t o r y , I m p o r t policy, Foreign exchange, C o l o n i a l i s m . KEYWORDS: economic stabilization. Discusses the major factors that have motivated the imposition of controls—over imports, on foreign exchange transfers, and on the prices of staple commodities—by the successive governments of Ghana between 1940 and 1976. Details the purpose of such controls as well as the specific instruments used and their success. 5790 Nelson, Joan M. 'The political economy of stabilization: Commitment, capacity, and public response." World Development 12, no. 10 (October 1984): 983-1006. ALSO COVERS: Zambia, Kenya. SUBJECTS: Economic recovery, Personalized leadership, Price policy, Employment, Foreign aid, Economic dependency. KEYWORDS: incentives; economic stabilization. 5791 Ninsin, Kwame A. "Ghana under the PNDC: Delinking or structural adjustment?" In: Adjustment or Delinking? The African Experience, edited by Azzam Mahjoub. Tokyo, Japan: UN University Press, 1990. 131-156 pp. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Economic crisis, Revolutionary movement, International economic system. KEYWORDS: mass mobilization; IMF; World Bank; PNDC (Provisional National Defence Council). Focuses on the politics of development, as well as the relationship of the IMF and the World Bank to Ghana. Examines whether structural adjustment can propel independent development. Views the failures of the economic recovery program as representing a possibility for the reopening of the delinking process.

5786 Kofi, Tetteh A., and Emmanuel Hansen. "Ghana: A history of an endless recession." In: Recession in Africa, edited by Jerker Carlsson. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1983. 48-79 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Debt financing, Economic recession, Balance of payments, Inflation, Historical analysis, Government economic management. KEYWORDS: World Bank; market failure.

5792 Obi, A. W., and F. E. Onah. "Constant-market-share anaysis of the exports of basic manufactures of three ECOWAS countries, 19731977." In: Trade and Development in Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), edited by Adeyinka Orimalade and R. E. Ubogu. New Delhi, India: Vikas, 1984. 121-137 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Cote d'lvoire, Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Export policy, Manufacturing sector, Market system, Export economy. KEYWORDS: ECOWAS; standard international trade classification.

5787 Loxley, John. Ghana: Economic Crisis and the Long Road to Recovery. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: North-South Institute, February 1988. 64 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Africa. SUBJECTS: Economic crisis, Government economic management, Structural adjustment, Foreign aid, State-owned enterprise. KEYWORDS: Ghana

5793 Owusu-Ansah, K. A. "Ghana." In: Indigenization of African Economies, edited by Adebayo Adedeji. London: Hutchinson, 1981. 133-163 pp. SUBJECTS: Indigenization, Nationalization, Political parties, Trade policy, Investment policy, Business administration, Economic development. KEYWORDS: Ghana Business (Promotion)

GHANA/Economics

Act 1970; Ghana Enterprises Decree 1968. 5794 Pickett, James, and Hans Singer, eds. Towards Economic Recovery in Sub-Saharan Africa. London: Routledge, 1990. 273 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Africa, Sudan. SUBJECTS: Economic reform, Structural adjustment, Wage policy, Economic integration, Trade relations, Food aid, Social development policy. KEYWORDS: IMF; SADCC; World Bank. Examines economic reform in Africa, particularly Ghana. Explores Ghana's economic recovery program and reviews its lessons. Addresses public-sector pay in Sudan, economic integration, and intra-African trade. Considers food and development aid levels as well as social development. 5795 Plange, Nii-K. "The colonial state in northern Ghana: The political economy of pacification." Review of African Political Economy 31 (December 1984): 29-43. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Capitalist economy, Entrepreneurship, Labor union, Military governm e n t , C o m m o d i t y p r o d u c t i o n , Political economy studies. KEYWORDS: market access; Northern Region, Ghana. 5796 Rado, Emil. "Notes towards a political economy of Ghana today." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 85, no. 341 (October 1986): 563-572. SUBJECTS: Political economy studies, Public sector, Export policy, Industrial sector, Structural adjustment, Government economic management. KEYWORDS: PNDC (Provisional National Defence Council); Rawlings, Jerry J.; Ghana Cocoa Marketing Board; austerity measures; economic stabilization. Assesses the measures taken by the Rawlings government in order to improve the economic climate. States that the Ghanaian government deserves some credit for working to improve the economy after 1985 but is merely making up for the mistakes it made between 1981 and 1984 under the first years of the Rawlings government. 5797 Rimmer, Douglas. "Ghana's economic decline." Africa Insight 18, no. 3 (1988): 119-123. SUBJECTS: Cash crop production, Economic crisis, Economic growth rate, Socialist economy, Development policy, Public sector, Investment policy. KEYWORDS: terms of trade; cocoa; government financing. Demonstrates that Ghana's thirty-year economic decline is due to four major factors: a fall in the terms of trade for cocoa, the effect of overvaluation and inefficient government financing on investments, the growth of the public sector, and overzealous controls on market forces. Suggests that the government has destroyed rather than developed the economy. 5798 Rothchild, Donald, and E. Gyimah-Boadi. "Ghana's economic decline and development strategies." In: Africa in Economic Crisis, edited by John Ravenhill. London: Macmillan, 1986. 254-285 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Africa. SUBJECTS: Economic crisis, Development planning, International relations, Government economic management, Structural adjustment, Political reform. KEYWORDS: V A L C O (Volta Aluminum Company); PNDC (Provisional National Defence Council); IMF; Rawlings, Jerry J. Focuses on development strategies in Ghana and the role of the state in the process. Provides a careful analysis of the economic recovery program of the PNDC since 1983. 5799 Sowa, Nii Kwaku. "Financial intermediation and economic development." In: The State, Development and Politics in Ghana, edited by Emmanuel Hansen and Kwame A. Ninsin. London: CODESRIA, 1989. 116-136 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Banking. KEYWORDS: financial intermediaries; statebank relations; ERP (Ghana Economic Recovery Programme); savings. Assesses the performance of financial intermediaries and their impact on economic development in Ghana. Examines the operations

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of Ghana's financial institutions regarding the mobilization of savings and their rechanneling into investible funds. Analyzes the relationship between successive governments and the financial institutions, studying the extent to which some government policies have hindered or facilitated the smooth operations of the banking system. 5800 Teal, Francis. "Foreign exchange regime and growth: A comparison of Ghana and the Ivory Coast." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 85, no. 339 (April 1986): 267-282. tables. ALSO COVERS: Cote d'lvoire. SUBJECTS: Foreign exchange, Free market, Economic growth rate, Foreign trade. KEYWORDS: cocoa. Compares Ghanaian and Ivorian foreign exchange policies to show that economically, the Cote d'lvoire is substantially better off than Ghana. Attributes that claim to Ghana's controlled foreign exchange policy. Suggests that Ghana needs to open its doors to a freer trade policy. 5801 Toye, John. "Ghana's economic reforms, 1983-7: Origins, achievements and limitations." In: Towards Economic Recovery in Sub-Saharan Africa: Essays in Honour of Robert Gardiner, edited by James Pickett and Hans Singer. London: Routledge, 1990. 42-64 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic reform, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: World Bank; IMF; PNDC (Provisional National Defence Council); Ghana Economic Recovery Programme 19831986; Ghana Economic Recovery Programme 1987-1989. Describes Ghana's economic history since 1960 and then turns to the economic recovery programs thathavebeeninitiatedsincel983. Analyzes the relationship of the World Bank and IMF with Ghana and how that relationship affects policy and politics. Examines the successes and failures of the program. 5802 Tsikata, Fui S. Essays from the Ghana-VALCO Renegotiations, 1982-1985. Accra, Ghana: Victoriaborg, 1986. 163 pp. tables. SUBJECTS : Economic policy, Economic relations, Transnational corporations. KEYWORDS: VALCO (Volta Aluminum Company); Volta River Authority; Volta River Project; VALCO-Ghana renegotiations 1982-1985. A collection of essays written by the Ghana negotiating team that conducted negotiations with VALCO during the period 1982 to 1985. 5803 UNIDO. Industrial Development and Review Series: Ghana. New York: UN Industrial Development Organization, 1986. 99 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Manufacturing sector, Industrial policy, Investment policy, Small business. Analyzes the industrial sector of Ghana and recent trends in the Ghanaian economy. Examines ways in which Ghana can improve management and production efficiency. 5804 US Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Structural Adjustment in Africa: Insights from the Experiences of Ghana and Senegal. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1989.20 pp. ALSO COVERS: Senegal. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Development policy, Economic growth policy, Nongovernmental organization. KEYWORDS: PAMSCAD (Programme of Actions to Mitigate the Social Costs of Adjustment). Assesses the effectiveness of the structural adjustment programs in both Ghana and Senegal. Suggests that structural adjustment is not encouraging the process of equitable economic development. Asserts that structural adjustment has produced little enduring poverty alleviation and that certain policies have even worked against the poor. Assesses the political sustainability of structural adjustment. 5805 World Bank. Ghana: Policies and Program for Adjustment. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1984. 181 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Economic policy, Economic history, Government economic management, Foreign aid, Economic recovery. KEYWORDS: World Bank; investment program.

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5806 World Bank. The Manufacturing Sector. Vol. 3 of 4. Accra, Ghana: Ghana Publishing, October3,1983.50 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: State-owned enterprise, Manufacturing sector, Economic recovery, Industrial development, Policy analysis, Investment policy, Mining. KEYWORDS: resource-based industry. SEE ALSO 475,563,564,691,744,786,8523,13156,15009,15409.

Education

5807 Amaratunga, C. A., and J. C. M. Shute. "Extension and adult learning in a Ghanaian community." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 16, no. 3 (1982): 549-566. tables. SUBJECTS: Adult education, Health education, Education reform, Literacy. KEYWORDS: extension education; Dome village, Ghana. 5808 Brown, C. K. Non-Formal Education as a Tool for Local Involvement in Rural Development. Legon, Ghana: Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research, 1981. 26 pp. SUBJECTS: Nonformal education, Rural development, Education opportunity. KEYWORDS: Ghana Rural Reconstruction Movement; BangladeshAfrica relations; Korea-Africa relations; Ecuador-Africa relations. 5809 Dadzie, A. B. K. "Pidgin in Ghana: A theoretical consideration of its origin and development." In: Mass Communication, Culture and Society in West Africa, edited by Frank Okwu Ugboajah. Oxford, UK: Hans Zell for the World Association for Christian Communication, 1985. 113-121 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Education system, Language policy. KEYWORDS: Pidgin English; lingua francas. 5810 Ewusi, Kodwo. "The contribution of research institutions and the universities to rural development in Ghana." In: Rural Development in Ghana, edited by C. K. Brown. Accra, Ghana: Ghana Universities Press, 1986. 165-180 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Rural development, Research and development, Food policy, Higher education. KEYWORDS: Mills-Odoi Report 1967; Oil Palm Research Centre; Eastern Region Cocoa Project; Suame Project Development Group; Building and Road Research Institute. Focuses on the contribution of Ghanaian universities and research institutes to rural development. Emphasizes the need for the integration of local projects and national development plans. 5811 Weis, Lois. "Schooling and patterns of access in Ghana." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 15, no. 2 (1981): 311-322. tables. SUBJECTS: Education opportunity, Education policy, Economic inequality. 5812 Weis, Lois. "The reproduction of social inequality: Closure in the Ghanaian university." The Journal of Developing Areas 16, no. 1 (October 1981): 17-30. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic inequality, Education opportunity, Higher education. KEYWORDS: social mobility; University of Ghana at Legon; University College at Cape Coast. 5813 Wunsch, James S. "Strengthening basic services delivery in rural Africa: Agricultural management training in Ghana." African Studies Association Papers 24, no. 137 (October 1981): 1-31. tables. SUBJECTS: Management, Agricultural production, Technical training, Nonformal education, Higher education, Foreign aid, Agricultural extension service. KEYWORDS: curriculum; Ghana Ministry of Agriculture. SEE ALSO 914, 15018.

Environment

5814 Akuffo, S. B. Pollution Control in a Developing Economy: A Study of the Situation in Ghana. Accra, Ghana: Ghana Universities Press, 1989.117 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Environmental degradation, Ecological analysis, Water supply. KEYWORDS: pollution; toxic chemicals. Addresses the pollution problems caused by the domestic, industrial, and agricultural activities associated with everyday living in Ghana. Deals specifically with air and water pollution control and with the administration of toxic chemicals. 5815 Grove, A. T., ed. The Niger and Its Neighbours: Environmental History and Hydrobiology, Human Use and Health Hazards of the Major West African Rivers. Rotterdam, Netherlands: A. A. Balkema, 1985.331 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria, Senegal. SUBJECTS: Environmental analysis, Environmental degradation, Fishing industry, Ecological analysis, Irrigation, Economic analysis, Natural resource management. KEYWORDS: WHO; Akosombo Dam, Ghana; OCP (Onchocerciasis Control Programme). 5816 Opare-Abetia, J., ed. The Thirty-fifth Annual New Year School: "The Environment and National Survival." Legon, Ghana: Institute of Adult Education, 1984. 86 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Environmental analysis, Land-use policy, Health education, Population policy, Natural resource management. KEYWORDS: Ghana Meteorological Services Department; Conference on Environment and Development in West Africa 1974; Institute of Adult Education.

Foreign Relations

5817 Hutchful, Eboe. IMF and Ghana: The Confidential Record. London: Zed, 1987. 298 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: International relations, State-owned enterprise, Foreign aid, Debt crisis, National development, Self-sufficient economy, Bourgeoisie. KEYWORDS: IMF; World Bank; Nkrumah, Kwame; USSR-Ghana relations; economic stabilization. Examines Ghana's relationship to IMF-prescribed austerity measures. Argues that the IMF set out to destroy the basis for self-sufficiency developed by Nkrumah. Shows that since Nkrumah's death, Ghanaian politics have been ruled by the pro-West petite bourgeoisie and have regressed. 5818 Krafona, Kwesi. Pan-African Movement: Ghana's Contribution. London: Afroworld, 1986. 85 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Pan-Africanism, International economic relations, National liberation movement. KEYWORDS: Toure, Ahmed Sekou; Nkrumah, Kwame; OAU; UGCC (United Gold Coast Convention). Discusses how Ghana, under Nkrumah's leadership, came to play a crucial role in world politics. Assesses Ghana's foreign policy as well as its foreign policy influences, concepts, implementation, and successes. States that Pan-Africanism, not imperialism, constituted the core of Ghana's foreign policy toward the rest of Africa. 5819 Price, Robert M. "Neo-colonialism and Ghana's economic decline: A critical assessment." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 18, no. 1 (1984): 163-193. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Neocolonialism, Economic crisis, Transnational corporations, International economic relations, Government bureaucracy, Social services. KEYWORDS: terms of trade; bureaucratic bourgeoisie.

G H AN A / G e n e r a l • 3 9 3 5820 Roach, Penelope M. "Early Peace Corps: A Ghana I retrospective." African Studies Association Papers 26, no. 115 (December 1983): 1-20. SUBJECTS: International relations, Neocolonialism, Technical assistance, Education system, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: Nkrumah, Kwame; Peace Corps; cultural exchange. SEE ALSO 1078, 6916, 6918, 8895.

General

5821 Abban, J. B. "The pattern of industries in rural development." In: Rural Development in Ghana, edited by C. K. Brown. Accra, Ghana: Ghana Universities Press, 1986. 159-164 pp. ALSO COVERS: Africa. SUBJECTS: Government regulation, Industrial development, Rural development. KEYWORDS: small-scale industry. States that successful development of the economy depends on the industrial sector but that in the case of Ghana, industrial growth should be guided so as to avoid the structural limitations of the past. 5822 Acquaye, E. "Land utilization for effective rural development." In: Rural Development in Ghana, edited by C. K. Brown. Accra, Ghana: Ghana Universities Press, 1986. 64-74 pp. ALSO COVERS: Africa. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Land-use policy, Regional planning policy, Resource distribution. Emphasizes the importance of examining the problems associated with land use prior to formulating rural development policies and of considering regional and sectoral variations. 5823 Adams, W. M. "River control in West Africa." In: The Niger and Its Neighbours: Environmental History and Hydrobiology, Human Use and Health Hazards of the Major West African Rivers, edited by A. T. Grove. Rotterdam, Netherlands: A. A. Balkema, 1985. 177-228 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Chad. SUBJECTS: Irrigation, Environmental analysis, Resettlement. KEYWORDS: river control; RBDA (River Basin Development Authorities); Akosombo Dam, Ghana. 5824 Adarkwa, Kwasi. "A spatio-temporal study of regional inequalities in Ghana." African Urban Studies 11 (Fall 1981): 39-64. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Development theory, Economic inequality, Regional development. KEYWORDS: regional inequality; spatial analysis. 5825 Addai-Sundiata, John Hodiak. Culture and National Development: African Perspective. Legon, Ghana: University of Ghana, 1985. 22 pp. ALSO COVERS: Africa. SUBJECTS: National development, Cultural policy, Political culture. KEYWORDS: Nkrumah, Kwame. 5826 Addo, N. O. The Impact of Public Policies on Migration and Development in Ghana, with Special Reference to theAsutsuare Sugar Area. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, World Employment Programme, 1982.82 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Migration, Socioeconomic analysis, Household analysis, Working class, Public policy. KEYWORDS: Asutsuare District, Ghana; sugarcane. 5827 Addo, Nelson O. "Population, migration and employment: The case of Ghana." In: Population et développement en Afrique, edited by Hedi Jemai. Dakar, Senegal: CODESRIA, 1987. 283-352 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Migration, Employment, Population growth. KEYWORDS: brain drain; Ghana Population Policy. Studies the impact of population growth on employment. Examines such consequences as unemployment, underemployment, low productivity, and continuous emigration of Ghana's highly skilled

personnel to countries abroad. Analyzes the difficulties of implementation of government policies designed to solve these growing problems. 5828 Addy, Marian Ewurama. "Food intake and nutritional status of the women and children of Gomoa Fetteh." In: Towards Food SelfSufficiency in West Africa, edited by Kodwo Ewusi. Tema, Ghana: Tema, 1984. 303-308 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Nutrition, Women's studies, Children. KEYWORDS: Gomoa Fetteh, Ghana. 5829 Adeetuk, Thomas. "Planning action for local government: The Economic and Rural Development Management Project (ERDM) in Ghana." African Studies Association Papers 25, no. 2 (November 1982): 1-22. SUBJECTS: Local government, Human resources development, Technical assistance, Regional planning policy, Natural resource management. KEYWORDS: US AID; Economic and Rural Development Management Project. 5830 Adei, Stephen. Technology Transfer and Nationalization in Ghana. Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre, 1987. 114 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: State-owned enterprise, Transnational corporations, Nationalization, Technology transfer, Forestry industry. KEYWORDS: African Timber and Plywood (Ghana) Limited. Analyzes the performance of the Ghanaian lumber industry since its nationalization in the mid-1970s. Uses two formerly foreign companies as case studies to compare current rates of efficiency and output with prenationalization rates. 5831 Afriyie, E. K. "Resettlement agriculture in Ghana—an experiment in innovation." In: Rural Development in Ghana, edited by C. K. Brown. Accra, Ghana: Ghana Universities Press, 1986. 229-234 pp. ALSO COVERS: Africa. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Resettlement, Land-use policy. KEYWORDS: Volta River Authority; Ghana Seven Year Development Plan 1963-1970. Draws on both the negative and positive experiences of resettlement towns built by the Volta River Authority. Suggests applications for resettlement agriculture elsewhere in Africa. 5832 Agyeman, D. K. Ideological Education and Nationalism in Ghana under Nkrumah and Busia. Accra, Ghana: Ghana University Press, 1988. 81 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Ethnicity, Political ideology, Nationalism, Education policy. KEYWORDS: Nkrumah, Kwame; Busia, Kofi Abrefa. Addresses the ethnic and national consciousness of Ghana. Examines how ideological education was used under both President Nkrumah and President Busia to promote nationalism at the expense of tribalism. Claims that both of their education policies failed because neither backed itself with economic nationalism. 5833 Agyeman-Badu, Yaw, and Kwaku Osei-Hwedie. The Political Economy of Instability: Colonial Legacy, Inequality and Political Instability in Ghana. Lawrenceville, Virginia: Brunswick, 1982. 55 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Political instability, Armed forces, Political economy studies. KEYWORDS: NRC (National Redemption Council); NLC (National Liberation Council); Operation Feed Yourself. 5834 Ahene, Rexford A. "The augmenting effects of farm management on: Peasant agricultural output in Ghana." African Studies Association Papers 29, no. 5 (October/November 1986): 1-23. tables. SUBJECTS: Modernization, Rural development, State-owned enterprise, Public sector, Smallholder agriculture, Agricultural technology. KEYWORDS: peasant agriculture; agricultural management; agricultural education; rice. Investigates Ghana's state-initiated agricultural strategy, designed to improve peasant rice farmers' output. States that the small-farm modernization project has been hindered because of a lack

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of farm management experience and farmer training. Notes that such lacks limit peasant production all over Ghana. 5835 Anokwa, C. "Providing international food aid to improve the nutritional status of children." In: Towards Food Self-Sufficiency in West Africa, edited by Kodwo Ewusi. Tema, Ghana: Tema, 1984. 309-319 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Nutrition, Children, Food aid, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: Legon, Ghana; maternal health. 5836 Ansa-Asare, K. "Legislative history of the legal regime of price control in Ghana." Journal of African Law 29, no. 2 (Autumn 1985): 103-117. SUBJECTS: Price policy, Historical analysis, Legal system. 5837 Ansah, P. A. V. Kwame Nkrumah and the Mass Media. Legon, Ghana: University of Ghana, 1985. 26 pp. SUBJECTS: Mass media, Leadership analysis, Biography. KEYWORDS: press; Nkrumah, Kwame. 5838 Assimeng, Max. The Social Structure of Ghana: A Study in Persistence and Change. Tema, Ghana: Ghana Publishing, 1981. 201 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Population distribution, Social change, Class analysis, Traditional society. KEYWORDS: tribalism; Nkrumah, Kwame; missionaries. 5839 Atim, Chris B., and Ahmed S. Gariba. "Ghana: Revolution or counter revolution?" Journal of African Marxists no. 10 (June 1987): 90-105. SUBJECTS: Revolutionary movement, Military government, Coup d'état. KEYWORDS: Rawlings, Jerry J.; WDC (Workers' Defence Committees); PNDC (Provisional National Defence Council). Assesses the relationship of the left to progressive military regimes through a case study of Ghana. Asserts that even though Jerry Rawlings came into power with a wave of popular support, his rise to power did more to help the counterrevolutionary movements than to help the revolutionary movements. 5840 Austin, Dennis. Ghana: Less Than a Revolution? London: Institute for the Study of Conflict, 1985. 21 pp. SUBJECTS: Revolutionary movement, Historical analysis, Imperialism, Nationalist movement, Government analysis. KEYWORDS: Rawlings, Jerry J.; AFRC (Armed Forces Revolutionary Council); Nkrumah, Kwame. 5841 Batsa, Kofi. The Spark: Times behind Me from Kwame Nkrumah to Hilla Limann. London: Rex Collings, 1985. 137 pp. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, Political parties, Government economic management. KEYWORDS: CPP (Convention People's Party); Nkrumah, Kwame; OAU; AFRC (Armed Forces Revolutionary Council); Limann, Hilla. 5842 Bening, R. Bagulo. "The Ghana-Togo boundary, 1914-1982." Afrika Spectrum 18, no. 2 (1983): 191-209. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Togo. SUBJECTS: Border conflict, Historical analysis, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: Ewe people; Konkomba people; UN. 5843 Benneh, George. "Population, disease and rural development programmes in the Upper East Region of Ghana." In: Population and Development Projects in Africa, edited by John I. Clarke, Mustafa Khogali, and Leszek A. Kosinski. London: Cambridge University Press, 1985. 206-218 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Public health, Population growth. KEYWORDS: Onchocerciasis Control Programme; disease; Upper Region, Ghana. 5844 Bennel, P. S. "Les Ecarts de salaires entre le secteur public et le secteur privé en Afrique: le cas du Ghana, du Kenya et du Nigeria." In: Comprendre l'économie africaine, edited by Frédéric Gagey. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1985. 168-188 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Kenya, Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Wage policy, Public sector, Private sector, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: Udoji Report 1972; MillsOdoi Commission 1967; Ndegwa Commission 1970-1971.

5845 Bequele, Assefa. "Stagnation and inequality in Ghana." In: Agrarian Policies and Rural Poverty in Africa, edited by Dharam Ghai and Samir Radwan. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1983. 219-248 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Income inequality, Economic growth rate, Rural poverty, Cash crop production, Employment, Commodity production. KEYWORDS: cocoa; labor hours. 5846 Bleek, Wolf. "Family and family planning in southern Ghana." In: Sex Roles, Population and Development in West Africa: Policy-related Studies on Work and Demograhic Issues, edited by Christine Oppong. Portsmouth, New Hampshire: Heinemann, 1987. 138-153 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Women's rights, Traditional society, Family planning, Marriage. KEYWORDS: Kwahu, Ghana; Akan people; Southern Ghana. Suggests that Ghana's family planning is presented in such a manner that women's emancipation, women's freedom, and family well-being are not taken into consideration. Argues that, rather, family planning continues to be oriented toward men. Examines family planning within the Akan region of southern Ghana. 5847 Boafo-Arthur, Kwame. "Trends in Ghana's foreign policy after Nkrumah." In: The State, Development and Politics in Ghana, edited by Emmanuel Hansen and Kwame A. Ninsin. London: CODESRIA, 1989. 137-162 pp. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, Nonaligned nation, Economic relations. KEYWORDS: NLC (National Liberation Council); Busia, Kofi Abrefa; RSA-Ghana relations; PNDC (Provisional National Defence Council). Examines trends in the foreign policy behavior of successor regimes after Nkrumah, with special reference to policies concerning the African liberation struggle and nonalignment. 5848 Brown, C. K. 'Towards a meaningful approach to the organization of rural development in Ghana." In: Rural Development in Ghana, edited by C. K. Brown. Accra, Ghana: Ghana Universities Press, 1986. 285-294 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Government analysis, Rural development. KEYWORDS: Ghana Department of Social Welfare and Community Development; National Rural Development Coordinating Committee; nnoboa (traditional work association). States that past government approaches to rural development have lacked a comprehensive rural development strategy and thus have failed to achieve policy continuity. Argues that viable rural development must take organizational frameworks into consideration. 5849 Brown, C. K. "Urban bias and rural development in Ghana." In: Rural Development in Ghana, edited by C. K. Brown. Accra, Ghana: Ghana Universities Press, 1986. 201-219 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Urban development, Rural development, Government economic management, Development planning. KEYWORDS: Ghana Department of Social Welfare and Community Development; Ghana Department of Social Welfare and Housing; Ghana Two Year Development Plan 1968-1970; Ghana Regional Planning Committees; urban bias. Argues that past government policies have failed to place adequate emphasis on improving the living and working conditions of the rural population. 5850 Brown, D. S., and C. A. Wright. "Schistosomiasis: Bilharzia." In: The Niger and Its Neighbours: Environmental History and Hydrobiology, Human Use and Health Hazards of the Major West African Rivers, edited by A. T. Grove. Rotterdam, Netherlands: A. A. Balkema, 1985.295-317 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Senegal, Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Irrigation, Historical analysis, Public health. KEYWORDS: WHO; disease; schistosomiasis. 5851 Browne, Angela W. "Rural industry and appropriate technology: The lessons of narrow-loom Ashanti weaving." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 82, no. 326 (January 1983): 29-41. tables. SUBJECTS: Appropriate technology, Industrial

G H AN A / G e n e r a l • 3 9 5 development, Rural development. KEYWORDS: Sakorawono, Ghana; Schumacher, E. F.; small-scale industry; weaving; Ashanti people. 5852 Brydon, Lynne. "Ghanaian responses to the Nigerian expulsion of 1983." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 84, no. 337 (October 1985): 561-585. tables. ALSOCOVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: International relations, Historical analysis, Political parties, Economic analysis, Migration pattern. KEYWORDS: NLC (National Liberation Council); CPP (Convention People's Party); Alien Expulsion Order 1983; PNDC (Provisional National Defence Council). 5853 Campbell, John. "Ideology and politics in the markets of Ghana." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 19, no. 2 (1985): 423-430. biblio. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Market system, Women's studies. KEYWORDS: PNDC (Provisional National Defence Council); Robertson, Claire; market women; internal market. 5854 Chisholm, N. G. Response of Some Rural Communities in South-East Ghana to Economic Recession 1982. Cambridge, UK: Afican Studies Centre, Cambridge University, 1983. 80 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic recession, Rural development, Agricultural production, Fishing industry. KEYWORDS: Volta River; Akosombo Dam, Ghana; shallots. 5855 Crisp, Jeff. "Rank-and-file protest at the Ashanti Goldfields C o r p o r a t i o n , G h a n a , 1 9 7 0 - 1 9 7 2 . " Labour, Capital and Society/Travail, capital et société 14, no. 2 (November 1981): 48-62. tables. SUBJECTS: Mining, Labor strike. KEYWORDS: gold; Ashanti Goldfields Corporation; MWU (Mine Workers' Union); TUC (Trade Union Congress); SGMC (State Gold Mining Corporation). 5856 Dadson, J. A. "Co-operative sector and rural development in Ghana." In: Rural Development in Ghana, edited by C. K. Brown. Accra, Ghana: Ghana Universities Press, 1986. 137-145 pp. SUBJECTS: Development financing, Agricultural cooperatives, Rural development, Economic integration, Government analysis. KEYWORDS: nnoboa (traditional work association). Discusses the role that cooperatives can play in expanding and improving conditions in the rural economy. 5857 ECA. Marketing in Ghana: An Analysis of Operational and Environmental Conditions. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: ECA, 1984.62 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Marketing, Urban development, Geographical analysis. KEYWORDS: urban markets; Accra, Ghana; Tema, Ghana; Sekondi, Ghana; Kumasi, Ghana. 5858 Ewusi, Kodwo, A. Wayo Seini, and Ernest Aryeetey. SocioEconomic Profile and the Effects of Irrigation on the Kamba River Basin Area in the Upper West Region. Legon, Ghana: University of Ghana, 1989. 83 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Socioeconomic analysis, Demographic analysis, Infrastructure, Irrigation. KEYWORDS: Kamba River Basin, Ghana. Provides an overall demographic profile, an area resource, and a socioeconomic analysis that serve as data inventory for planning purposes and as a baseline study for the monitoring and evaluation of socioeconomic development after the construction of the dam. 5859 Ewusi,Kodwo. "Traditional and improved technologies for fish processing: A case study of dissemination of appropriate technology to rural women in Ghana." In: Towards Food Self-Sufficiency in West Africa, edited by Kodwo Ewusi. Tema, Ghana: Tema, 1984. 262-286 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Fishing industry, Appropriate technology, Women's economic role, Models. KEYWORDS: Kokrobite, Ghana. 5860 Gilbert, Michelle. "Sources of power in Akuropon-Akuapem: Ambiguity in classification." In: Creativity of Power: Cosmology and

Action in African Societies, edited by W. Arens and Ivan Karp. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1989. 59-90 pp. SUBJ E C T S : A n t h r o p o l o g i c a l analysis, Traditional authority. KEYWORDS: Akuropon-Akuapem people; cosmology. Details how power is acquired through the making of a so-called "fetish." Demonstrates how cosmology is a resource-in-action that is used to create power. Shows that manipulation of categories and things for the purpose of making power both overflows boundaries and becomes a source of danger. 5861 Gray, Paul S. Unions and Leaders in Ghana: A Model of Labor and Development. New York: Conch Magazine, 1981. 230 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS : Labor force, Trade union, Leadership analysis, Industrial relations. KEYWORDS: Ghana Trade Union Congress; CPP (Convention People's Party); Manufacturing, Commercial and Allied Workers Union. 5862 Hansen, Emmanuel. "The state and popular struggles in Ghana, 1982-86." In: Popular Struggles for Democracy in Africa, edited by Peter Anyang Nyong'o. Tokyo, Japan: Zed, 1987. 170-208 pp. SUBJECTS: Independence movement, Coup d'état. KEYWORDS: Rawlings, Jerry J.; PNDC (Provisional National Defence Council). Examines the extent to which the expected transformation has occurred in Ghana and outlines possible lessons that can be gathered from the experience. 5863 Hansen, Emmanuel, and Kwame A. Ninsin. The State, Development and Politics in Ghana. London: CODESRIA, 1989.280 pp. tables. SUBJECTS : Labor policy, State power, Women's political role, Foreign policy, Agricultural policy, Health care system, Economic development. KEYWORDS: IMF; PNDC (Provisional National Defence Council); CPP (Convention People's Party). Examines several political and economic development issues that are present in Ghana, assessing the relationship between the IMF and the government of Ghana, and analyzing Ghanaian foreign policy after Nkrumah. Examines the policy of the state with respect to food agriculture. Highlights problems within the health care delivery system. 5864 Hodsdon, Dennis F. The General Agricultural Workers' Union of the TUC (Ghana): An Appraisal, Based on a Field Study, of the Activities, Services, Strengths, and Problems of an Organisation of.. .Rural Workers. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1983. 46 pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural sector, Law, Trade union. KEYWORDS: GAWU (General Agricultural Workers' Union); selfemployment; TUC (Trade Union Congress). 5865 Huff, David L., and James M. Lutz. "Urban spheres of influence in Ghana." The Journal of Developing Areas 23, no. 2 (January 1989): 201-220. tables. SUBJECTS: Geographical analysis, Rural-urban relations. Divides Ghanaian cities into categories according to the geographic extent of their political and economic influence. Notes the areas in Ghana where no highly influential cities currently have a sphere of influence and suggests these new areas as possible spheres for investment and development. 5866 Jeffries, R. "Ghana: Jerry Rawlings ou un populisme à deux coups ..." translated by R. Buijtenhuijs, Politique africaine 2, no. 8 (December 1982): 8-20. SUBJECTS: Populism, Coup d'état. KEYWORDS: PNDC (Provisional National Defence Council); AFRC (Armed Forces Revolutionary Council). 5867 Jonah, Kwesi. "Ghana-Arab economic co-operation 19751984." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 11, no. 2/3 (1986): 137-190. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic cooperation, Foreign aid policy, Investment policy, Oil industry, Arab nations, Trade relations. KEYWORDS: North-South relations; New International Economic Order; UNCTAD; BADEA (Banque Arabe pour le

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Développement Economique en Afrique); Arab-Ghana relations. Assesses the role that the Arab world has played in the development of Ghana. Considers foreign aid policy, trade, and investment. Asserts that although Arab investment in Ghana is modest and asymmetrical, future economic relations between Ghana and the Arab world look positive. 5 868 Jonah, Kwesi. "Rawlings revolution: Two years after." Journal of African Marxists no. 5 (February 1984): 25-30. SUBJECTS: Revolutionary movement, Class struggle, Government analysis. KEYWORDS: Rawlings, Jerry J.; World Bank; IMF; PNDC (Provisional National Defence Council). 5869 Joyce, Steven, and Bruce Burwell. Community-Level Forestry Development: Options and Guidelines for Collaboration in PL 480 Programs. Washington, DC: Peace Corps, 1985. 236 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Senegal, Niger. SUBJECTS: Forestry industry, Community development, Foreign aid, Natural resource management. KEYWORDS: Peace Corps; US Agricultural Trade and Assistance Act 1954. 5870 Kennedy, Paul. 'The role and position of petty producers in a West African city." The Journal of Modern African Studies 19, no. 4 (December 1981): 565-594. tables. SUBJECTS: Urban population, Small business, Employment. KEYWORDS: petty trade; wage labor; Accra, Ghana. 5871 Klu, Franklin. "Spatial analysis of modernization dynamics in Ghana: A multivariate approach." African Urban Studies 18 (Spring 1984): 1-31. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Modernization, Nation-building, I n d u s t r i a l d e c e n t r a l i z a t i o n , D e m o g r a p h i c analysis. KEYWORDS: industry distribution; spatial analysis. 5872 Kudiabor, C. D. K. "Policy objectives and strategies for integrated rural development in Ghana." In: Rural Development in Ghana, edited by C. K. Brown. Accra, Ghana: Ghana Universities Press, 1986.26-32 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Policy analysis, Integrated rural development, Colonialism, Income inequality, Regional development. KEYWORDS: Gold Coast Ten Year Development Plan 1920-1930. States that two things will bring about an improvement in rural life: development in agricultural production and the creation of new centers of economic activity through government investment in social amenities. 5873 Kwakye, E. A. 'Transportation as a factor in rural development in Ghana." In: Rural Development in Ghana, edited by C. K. Brown. Accra, Ghana: Ghana Universities Press, 1986. 124-134 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Africa. SUBJECTS: Transportation system, Rural development. KEYWORDS: feeder roads; Building and Road Research Institute; Ghana Highway Authority. Discusses the role of transportation in the development process and analyzes the importance of feeder roads in Ghana's rural development. 5874 Kyereme, Stephen S., and Erik Thorbecke. "Food poverty profile and decomposition applied to Ghana." World Development 15, no. 9 (September 1987): 1189-1199. tables. SUBJECTS: Food scarcity, Poverty, Primary education, Employment, Urban population, Household analysis, Nutrition. KEYWORDS: Ghana Household Budget Survey 1974-1975; poverty line; female-headed households. Applies a new procedure for deriving the food poverty line. Compares least-cost diets and high-cost diets. Finds food poverty to be more prevalent in rural areas, in areas close to the Sahel, and in households containing many members and an illiterate, female, or self-employed head. Uses the 1974-1975 household survey. 5875 Laing, Ebenezer. Science and Society in Ghana. Accra, Ghana:

Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1990. 104 pp. SUBJECTS: Scientific research, Technological development. KEYWORDS: biologyExamines the claim of science and technology as being vital to modern cultures. Concentrates on biology as a vehicle to alleviate disease and hunger. Deals with the relationship between scientists and the rest of society. 5876 Lassailly-Jacob, Véronique. "Transformation dirigée de l'espace agraire et réponses paysannes à la périphérie des lacs Volta (Ghana) et Kossou (Côte d'Ivoire)." In: Enjeux fonciers en Afrique noire, edited by E. Le Bris, E. Le Roy, and F. Leimdorfer. Paris: Karthala, 1982. 282-293 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Côte d'Ivoire. SUBJECTS: Land-use policy, Agricultural development, Peasant society. KEYWORDS: Volta Lake, Ghana; Volta River Authority; AVB (Autorité pour l'Aménagement de la Vallée du Bandama); Lake Kossou, Côte d'Ivoire. 5877 Malpezzi, Stephan, A. Graham Tipple, and Kenneth G. Willis. Costs and Benefits of Rent Control: A Case Study in Kumasi, Ghana. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1990. 139 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Housing policy, Price policy, Statistical analysis. KEYWORDS: rent policy; landlord-tenant relations. Examines a feature of Ghanaian life—rent control—in Ghana's second-largest city. Explores the costs of the rent control policy for both landlords and tenants. Argues that rent control has been effective in keeping prices low, but that prices are now so low as to be totally unprofitable. Recommends some decontrol. 5878 Marguerat, Yves. "Kumasi, l'espace et le temps. Trois siècles d ' é v o l u t i o n d ' u n e g r a n d e ville a f r i c a i n e . " In: Processus d'urbanisation en Afrique, volume 2, edited by Catherine CoqueryVidrovitch. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1988. 9-25 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Urban growth, Historical analysis, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: Ashanti Empire; Kumasi, Ghana. Addresses the past three hundred years of growth and evolution in Kumasi, Ghana. Claims that Kumasi's planners fashioned their city into a political center capable of organizing its surrounding space to its benefit. Examines the development that led to a social formation capable of rooting itself sufficiently in a spatial structure that allowed the city to triumph over historical hazards. 5879 Mattingly, Michael. "Implementing planning with teaching: Using training to make it happen." Third World Planning Review 11, no. 4 (November 1989): 417-428. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Development planning, Technical training. Discusses the need to develop training programs within government institutions that train individuals in new skills while also accomplishing desired governmental missions. States that such a program can substantially help with certain urgent urban development needs. 5880 McFarland, Daniel Miles. Historical Dictionary of Ghana. Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow, 1985.296 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Historical analysis. 5881 Mikell, Gwendolyn. "Filiation, economic crisis, and the status of women in rural G h a n a . " Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 18, no. 1 (1984): 195-218. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic crisis, Women's studies, Rural development, Traditional society, Political instability, Cash crop production. KEYWORDS: cocoa; Akan people; filiation. 5882 Morrison, Minion K. C. Ethnicity and Political Integration: The Case of Ashanti, Ghana. Syracuse, New York: Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, 1982. 208 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. S U B J E C T S : Ethnicity, Political integration. KEYWORDS: Ashanti Region, Ghana.

G H AN A / G e n e r a l • 3 9 7 5883 Nabila, J. S. "Rural migration and its implications for rural development in Ghana." In: Rural Development in Ghana, edited by C. K. Brown. Accra, Ghana: Ghana Universities Press, 1986. 75-89 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Africa. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Migration pattern, Population distribution. KEYWORDS: Alien Expulsion Order 1983; Frafra people. Discusses the spatial patterns of population distribution. Suggests that these patterns form as a consequence of the location of different migration opportunity zones in the country. 5884 Neequaye, A. R., J. A. A. Mingle, G. Ankra-Badu, and K. Ishikawa. "Human immune deficiency virus infections in Ghana." In: AIDS and Associated Cancers in Africa: 2nd International Symposium, Naples, October 7-9, 1987, edited by G. Giraldo. Basel, Switzerland: Karger, 1988. 85-93 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Public health, Scientific research. KEYWORDS: AIDS; epidemiologyAnalyzes statistics on recent cases of AIDS in Ghana and postulates on the epidemiology of the disease in Ghana. Notes the early stage of AIDS transmission in Ghana and suggests immediate intervention to stop its spread. 5885 Ninsin, Kwame A. The Nkrumah Government and the Opposition of the Nation State: Unity versus Fragmentation. Legon, Ghana: University of Ghana, 1985. 19 pp. SUBJECTS: Democratization, Nation-state. KEYWORDS: CPP (Convention People's Party); Nkrumah, Kwame. 5886 Ntim, B. A. "Low-cost technology and the promotion of rural industrial development." In: Rural Development in Ghana, edited by C. K. Brown. Accra, Ghana: Ghana Universities Press, 1986.117-123 pp. ALSO COVERS: Africa. SUBJECTS: Technology, Industrial development, Rural development. KEYWORDS: small-scale industry; TCC (Technology Consultancy Centre); University of Science and Technology, Kumasi. States that promotional efforts toward industrial development in rural areas should be relevant to the prevailing sociological, economic, and political aspects of the economy. Argues that activities such as those of the Technology Consultancy Centre are beneficial to the industrial development of developing countries. 5887 Obeng-Quaidoo, Isaac. "Media habits of Ghanaian youth." In: Mass Communication, Culture and Society in West Africa, edited by Frank Okwu Ugboajah. Oxford, UK: Hans Zell, 1985. 237-249 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Youth issues, Mass media. 5888 Okali, Christine. Cocoa and Kinship in Ghana: The Matrilineal Akan of Ghana. Boston, Massachusetts: Kegan Paul International, 1983. 179 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Cash crop production, Kinship, Population distribution, Investment policy. KEYWORDS: cocoa; Akokoaso community, Ghana; Dominase community, Ghana; Akan people; matrilineal system. 5889 Okonjo, Chukuka. "The concept of development." In: Rural Development in Ghana, edited by C. K. Brown. Accra, Ghana: Ghana Universities Press, 1986. 1-25 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Development theory, Rural development, Neocolonialism, Economic dependency. KEYWORDS: Operation Feed Yourself; core-periphery relations. States that the Ghanaian economy has stagnated because of the structural relationship created by the West to the West. Argues that this dependent relationship has brought about not only Ghana's demise but also the demise of other Third World countries. 5890 Opoku-Afriye, Y. "The nature of the infrastructure for rural development." In: Rural Development in Ghana, edited by C. K. Brown. Accra, Ghana: Ghana Universities Press, 1986. 47-63 pp. ALSO COVERS: Africa. SUBJECTS: Infrastructure, Rural develop-

ment, Industrialization. KEYWORDS: settlement pattern; settlements. Argues that successful rural transformation requires a comprehensive program that would integrate agricultural development with rural industrialization and be facilitated through a supporting system. 5891 Owusu, Maxwell. "Custom and coups: A juridical interpretation of civil order and disorder in Ghana." The Journal of Modern African Studies 24, no. 1 (March 1986): 69-100. SUBJECTS: Coup d'état, Traditional society. Examines the ways in which custom and conflict, including coups d'état, are interconnected. 5892 Pellow, Deborah, and Naomi Chazan. Ghana: Coping with Uncertainty. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1986. 238 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Historical analysis, Political system, Natural resource management, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: OAU; precolonial society; Nkrumah, Kwame; Rawlings, Jerry J. Examines the historical background of current political patterns and analyzes Ghana's political system since independence. Concludes with a discussion of the implications of the economic, social, and political factors for present-day Ghana as well as for other African countries. 5893 Powell, J. W. 'The role of a technological university in integrated rural development." In: Rural Development in Ghana, edited by C. K. Brown. Accra, Ghana: Ghana Universities Press, 1986. 181-187 pp. ALSO COVERS: Africa. SUBJECTS: Technology, Integrated rural development. KEYWORDS: Soap Pilot-Plant Project; Uma Lele; TCC (Technology Consultancy Centre). States that the TCC undertakes pilot projects in rural development by drawing on expertise from various disciplines. Claims that the center's experiences can be used to establish a comprehensive program of integrated rural development. 5894 Rourke, B. E., and C. K. Brown. "Rural employmentand labour productivity in Ghana." In: Rural Development in Ghana, edited by C. K. Brown. Accra, Ghana: Ghana Universities Press, 1986.105-116 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural labor, Employment, Rural development. KEYWORDS: Aliens Compliance Order; Ghana Ministry of Agriculture. Examines changes in the size and characteristics of the agricultural labor force. Estimates levels of productivity for different areas in Ghana. 5895 Salamone, Frank A., ed. The Hausa People: A Bibliography. New Haven, Connecticut: Human Relations Area Files, 1983.295 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Religion, Education system, Government bureaucracy, Technology. KEYWORDS: Hausa people; social structure. 5896 Sarfoh, Joseph A. Population, Urbanization and Rural Settlement in Ghana: A Bibliographic Survey. New York: Greenwood, 1987. 124 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Population distribution, Urbanization, Rural population. A general, scholarly bibliography about urbanization in Ghana (nonannotated). 5897 Sefa-Dedeh, Araba. "Poverty, malnutrition and intelligence." In: Towards Food Self-Sufficiency in West Africa, edited by Kodwo Ewusi. Tema, Ghana: Tema, 1984. 320-325 pp. SUBJECTS: Poverty, Malnutrition, Demographic analysis, Children. 5898 Sefa-Dedeh, S. "Post-harvest management and food self-sufficiency in Ghana." In: Towards Food Self-Sufficiency in West Africa, edited by Kodwo Ewusi. Tema, Ghana: Tema, 1984. 214-222 pp.

398 • GH AN A/General tables. SUBJECTS: Food production, Natural resource management, Agricultural technology. KEYWORDS: food self-sufficiency. 5899 Sims, Rod, and Louis Casley-Hayford. "Renegotiating the price and availability of energy for an aluminum smelter: The VALCO renegotiations." In: Essays from the Ghana-VALCO Renegotiations, 1982-85, edited by Fui S. Tsikata. Accra, Ghana: Victoriaborg, 1986. 15-50 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic policy, Energy industry. KEYWORDS: VALCO (Volta Aluminum Company); Volta River Authority. Discusses the history of the Volta River Project and the resulting Volta River Authority. Focuses on Ghanaian government negotiations with VALCO over the price of the power distributed to VALCO by the Volta River Authority. 5900 Smertin, Yuri. Kwame Nkrumah. New York: International, 1987. 180 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Leadership analysis, Biography, National liberation movement, Colonialism, National development. KEYWORDS: Nkrumah, Kwame; African socialism; CPP (Convention People's Party). A biography of the life and work of Kwame Nkrumah. 5901 Smit, Hettie M. Ghana in Non-Ghanaian Serials and Collective Works, 1975-1978: A Bibliography. Legon, Ghana: Balme Library, University of Ghana, 1982. 99 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography. 5902 Songsore, Jacob. Co-operative Credit Unions as Instruments of Regional Development: The Example of N.W. Ghana. Norwich, UK: Geo, 1982. 36 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural cooperatives, Credit policy, Class analysis, Regional development. KEYWORDS: Dagaba people; Manlala people; Northern Region, Ghana; credit associations. 5903 Steel, William F. "Female and small-scale employment under modernization in Ghana." Economic Development and Cultural Change 30, no. 1 (October 1981): 153-167. tables. SUBJECTS: Employment, Industrialization, Modernization, Women's economic role. KEYWORDS: small-scale employment; women's employment. 5904 van der Geest, Sjaak, and Nimrod K. Asante-Darko. "The political meaning of highlife songs in Ghana." The African Studies Review 25, no. 1 (March 1982): 27-35. SUBJECTS: Freedom of expression, Sociological analysis, Political culture, Arts. KEYWORDS: music; highlife music; Akan people. 5905 Verlet, Martin. "Langue et pouvoir au Ghana sous Nkrumah: les maîtres-motsPolitique africaine no. 23 (September 1986): 67-82. SUBJECTS: Pan-Africanism, Language policy, Liberation movement. KEYWORDS: CPP (Convention People's Party); Nkrumah, Kwame; Africanization. Explores the problem of language in Nkrumah's Ghana, specifically with reference to his policy of Africanization. 5906 Vordzorgbe, S. D. "A Ghanaian example of developing the technological base for increased foodgrain production in West Africa." In: Towards Food Self-Sufficiency in West Africa, edited by Kodwo Ewusi. Tema, Ghana: Tema, 1984. 243-261 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Food production, Agricultural technology. KEYWORDS: maize; Ghana Grains Development Project 1979. 5907 Welch, Jr., Claude E. "Military disengagement from politics: Lessons from West Africa." Armed Forces and Society 9, no. 4 (Summer 1983): 539-554. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria, Sierra Leone. SUBJECTS: Coup d'état, Military government, Constitutional development. KEYWORDS: NLC (National Liberation Council). 5908 Whitehead, Ann. "Distributional effects of cash crop innova-

tion: The peripherally commercialised farmers of North East Ghana." Institute ofDevelopment Studies Bulletin 19, no. 2 (April 1988): 59-65. tables. SUBJECTS: Cash crop production, Household analysis, Agricultural technology. KEYWORDS: Northern Region, Ghana; Bawku District, Ghana; animal traction. Argues that market pentration—not cash crop production per se—has increased the food insecurity of rural households. Explores household data on food to show that the competition between food crops and cash crops occurs at the community level, not the household level. Bases its content on a 1974 survey. 5909 Williams, Michael W. "Nkrumah and the state of Israel." TransAfrica Forum 7, no. 1 (Spring 1990): 39-51. SUBJECTS: PanAfricanism, Trade relations, Diplomatic relations. KEYWORDS: Zionism; Israel-Ghana relations; Nkrumah, Kwame. Describes the history of Ghana's relations with Israel from the time of independence to the 1970s. Notes the transition from a state of extremely friendly and active cooperation that characterized the 1950s to the cold relations of the 1970s. 5910 World Bank. Ghana: The Cocoa Sector. Vol. 1 of 4. Accra, Ghana: Ghana Publishing, October 1983. 36 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Cash crop production, Economic recovery, Policy analysis. KEYWORDS: cocoa; Ghana Cocoa Marketing Board; IDA (International Development Association). 5911 Yankah, Kwesi. "The making and breaking of Kwame Nkrumah: The role of oral poetry." Journal of African Studies 12, no. 2 (Summer 1985): 86-92. SUBJECTS: Arts, Leadership analysis. KEYWORDS: Nkrumah, Kwame; oral tradition. 5912 Yanksan, P. W. K. "Employment and income generation in the petty commodity sector of the urban economy: The case of the Central Region of Ghana." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 8, no. 4 (1983): 75-96. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Informal sector, Employment, Urban population. KEYWORDS: employment creation; ILO; petty trade; Central Region, Ghana. SEE ALSO 1473, 1652, 1689, 1829, 1841, 1986, 4466, 4813, 4987, 9023, 9192, 15050, 15057, 15076, 15088, 15089, 15099, 15116, 15151.

Health

5913 Anyinam, Charles. "Traditional medical practice in contemporary Ghana: A dying or growing 'profession'?" Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 21, no. 3 (1987): 317-336. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Health education, Health care system, Traditional society, Traditional medicine. Examines the impact of social change on the recruitment of traditional medical practitioners. Explores the idea that traditional medicine is less attractive as a career and that therefore fewer ethnomedical practitioners are available as a viable alternative to health care services. 5914 Fosu, Gabriel B. "Integrating population programs into health services: Lessons from urban Ghana." African Urban Quarterly 3, no. 3/4 (August/November 1988): 238-251. tables. SUBJECTS: Health service, Family planning, Development policy, Nutrition, Children, Women's studies. KEYWORDS: breast-feeding; contraception; MCH (Maternal and Child Health Services); maternal health. Examines the basis for closer integration of population control

G HAN A/Industry

programs and health care services in the urban centers of Ghana. Bases the study on interviews with 1,000 Ghanaian women. Shows that the use of family planning services is determined by education level, migration status, and concomitant use of natal services.

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399

Human/Civil Rights

SEE ALSO 2091. 5915 Gordon, Gill. "Seasonality in a savanna district of Ghana—perceptions of women and health workers." Institute of Development Studies Bulletin 17, no. 3 (July 1986): 51-57. maps. SUBJECTS: Rural poverty, Women's studies, Health service, Household economy, Health care policy, Health care system. KEYWORDS: disease; oral rehydration; seasonality; Dangbe, Ghana. Documents a rapid rural appraisal of public health done in the coastal district of Dangbe, in Ghana, during 1984. Describes the economy of the district. Addresses how the seasons affected maternal and child health. 5916 Senah, Kodjo. "Problems of the health care delivery system." In: The State, Development and Politics in Ghana, edited by Emmanuel Hansen and Kwame A. Ninsin. London: CODESRIA, 1989. 242-267 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Health care system, Colonialism, Public health, Health care policy. Discusses the problems that have attended the postcolonial effort to provide adequate health care for the people of Ghana. Focuses on the public or state sector of the health delivery system, with emphasis on health financing and health coverage. 5917 Twumasi, P. A. "The role of traditional medicine in a primary health care system: The Ghanaian experience." In: Health andDisease in Tropical Africa: Geographical and Medical Viewpoints, edited by Rais Akhtar. Chur, Switzerland: Harwood, 1987. 497-512 pp. SUBJECTS: Public health, Health care system, Health service, Traditional society, Traditional medicine. Discusses the movement in the Ghanaian government health service toward recognition of traditional medical practitioners. Analyzes the history and structure of traditional medicine and makes suggestions for integrating traditional medicine into the modern health care system. SEE ALSO 2017, 5226, 9246, 16280.

Household and Family

5918 Vellenga, Dorothy Dee. "Matriliny, patriliny and class formation among women cocoa farmers in two rural areas of Ghana." African Studies Association Papers 24, no. 126 (October 1981): 1-11. tables. SUBJECTS: Family, Agricultural production, Kinship, Marriage, Class formation, Women's economic role, Agricultural labor. K E Y W O R D S : matrilineal system; economic independence; patrimonial system; cocoa; comparative advantage. 5919 Vellenga, Dorothy Dee. "Matriliny, patriliny, and class formation among women cocoa farmers in two rural areas of Ghana." In: Women and Class in Africa, edited by Claire Robertson and Iris Berger. New York: Africana, 1986. 62-77 pp. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Class formation, Family, Marriage, Agricultural labor, Kinship, Agricultural production. KEYWORDS: cocoa; matrilineal system; patrimonial system; economic independence; comparative advantage. Examines cocoa production in both a matrilineal and a patrilineal area in order to find out how the cash crop system and family organization affect the transmission of resources and the organization of labor. Focuses on the implications of these patterns for women as economic actors and family members.

Industry

5920 Ahwireng-Obeng, F. " S o m e i n f l u e n c e s in A f r i c a n entrepreneurship." Journal of Contemporary African Studies 5, no. 1/2 (April/October 1986): 41-65. tables. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Entrepreneurship, Socioeconomic analysis, Industrial sector, Industrial development. KEYWORDS: economic opportunity; cotton; wood; textiles. Attempts to redress the inconsistent analysis of indigenous entrepreneurial performance. Uses thirteen socioeconomic, organizational, and personal variables to explore the performance of Ghana's entrepreneurs. Focuses on the wood products and cotton-textile industries. 5921 Andrae, Gunilla. Industry in Ghana: Production Form and Spatial Structure. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1981. 181 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Industrial development, Government economic management, Population distribution, Industrial sector, Regional development. KEYWORDS: spatial analysis; Eastern Region, Ghana; Accra, Ghana. 5922 Ardayfio-Schandorf, Elizabeth. The Rural Energy Crisis in Ghana: Its Implications for Women's Work and Household Survival. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, World Employment Programme, 1986.101 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Household analysis, Energy use, Women's economic role, Energy industry, Nutrition, Rural population. KEYWORDS: Ashale Botwa village, Ghana; Botianor village, Ghana; Jankama village, Ghana; firewood. Investigates the impact of declining wood resources on three rural Ghanaian villages. Notes that the greatest negative impact of the decline has been on the health and welfare of women. 5923 Asamoah, David. The Development and Patterns of Manufacturing Industries in Ghana: 1951-1965. Legon, Ghana: University of Ghana, 1985.22 pp. SUBJECTS: Manufacturing sector, Public investment, Economic development policy, Industrialization. KEYWORDS: Nkrumah, Kwame. 5924 Donkor, Kwabena, and John P. Lea. "Self-reliance in the African building materials industry: Cautionary tale from Ghana." African Urban Quarterly 1, no. 2 (May 1986): 102-115. tables. SUBJECTS: Construction industry, Housing policy, Manufacturing sector, Self-reliance, Labor policy, Appropriate technology, Credit policy. Considers the building industry technology, appropriate construction standards, lending institutions, construction industry professionals, and consumer behavior within the housing market. Maintains that the failure of Ghana's indigenous housing policy resulted from factors other than technological ones. 5925 Ewusi, Kodwo. Industrialization, Employment Generation and Income Distribution in Ghana. Accra, Ghana: Adwensa, 1986. 198 pp. ALSO COVERS: Africa. SUBJECTS: Income distribution, Industrialization, Manufacturing sector, Industrial development, Employment. KEYWORDS: ECOWAS; employment creation; VALCO (Volta Aluminum Company); textiles; chemicals. Traces the path of industrialization in Ghana, with a focus on

400 • GHANA/Industry employment and income distribution. Concludes that industrialization has led to imbalances in the economy. Suggests reform policies relevant to Ghana and other developing countries. 5926 Ewusi, Kodwo. Regional Dimensions of Industrialization in Ghana. Legon, Ghana: Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research, 1983. 96 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Industrialization, Manufacturing sector, Industrial policy, Industrial decentralization, Regional development. KEYWORDS: spatial analysis; industry distribution; Regional Development Corporation; Ghana Second Development Plan 1959-1964. 5927 Faber, Mike. "The Volta River project: For whom the smelter tolled." In: Towards Economic Recovery in Sub-Saharan Africa: Essays in Honour of Robert Gardiner, edited by James Pickett and Hans Singer. London: Routledge, 1990. 65-91 pp. SUBJECTS: Energy industry, Transnational corporations, Water supply, Energy use. KEYWORDS: hydroelectricity; Akosombo Dam, Ghana; Volta River; VALCO (Volta Aluminum Company); Volta River agreements renegotiation 1983-1984. Examines who exploited whom in the building of the mammoth Akosombo Dam on the Volta River in Ghana and concludes that Ghana was not the loser. Examines the motives of the political actors involved, as well as the origins and financing of the project. Evaluates the renegotiation process in 1983-1984. 5928 Gilbert, Christopher L. "International commodity agreements: Design and performance." World Development 15, no. 5 (May 1987): 591-616. tables. ALSO COVERS: Cote d'lvoire. SUBJECTS: International relations, Export policy, Mining, Commodity production, Monetary exchange. KEYWORDS: cocoa; PTA (Preferential Trade Area); international commodity agreement; coffee; rubber. Traces the design and performance of five currently or recently active international commodity agreements concerning cocoa, coffee, natural rubber, sugar, and tin. Argues that the collapse of the tin agreement in October 1985 marked the end of postwar commodity intervention. Suggests more of the agreements will lapse. 5929 Riedel, Jurgen, and Hubert Schmitz. Grass-Root Industrialization in a Ghanaian Town. Munich, West Germany: Weltforum Verlag, 1989. 254 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Industrialization, Economic analysis, Manufacturing sector. KEYWORDS: Brong-Ahafo Region, Ghana; Techiman, Ghana. Assesses the significance of small-scale production in the Techiman District of Ghana. Examines the growth potential and constraints of small enterprises in the Techiman District. Explores policy implications, with particular reference to possibilities for German donor involvement. 5930 World Bank. Agriculture, Mining, Energy and Transport Sectors. Vol. 2 of 4. Accra, Ghana: Ghana Publishing, October 1983. 44 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Mining, Agricultural sector, Forestry industry, Transportation system, Energy industry. KEYWORDS: Ghana Cocoa Marketing Board; VALCO (Volta Aluminum Company); IDA (International Development Association). SEE ALSO 2146,9288,15171.

Labor

5931 Crisp, Jeff. The Story of an African Working Class: Ghanaian Miners' Struggles, 1870-1980. London: Zed, 1984. 200 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Mining, Labor force, Trade union, Colonialism, Working class, Labor strike, Class struggle. KEYWORDS: CPP (Conven-

tion People's Party); MWU (Mine Workers' Union); MEU (Mines Employees' Union). 5932 Date-Bah, Eugenia. "Contemporary industrial relations problems in Ghana 1972-1979." In: Management Problems in Africa, edited by Ukandi G. Damachi and Hans Dieter Seibel. New York: St. Martin's, 1986. 159-170 pp. SUBJECTS: Industrial relations, Labor unrest, Labor union, Business administration, Conflict resolution. KEYWORDS: Industrial Relations Act 1965. Examines the issues behind the labor unrest from 1972 to 1979 in Ghana. Discusses the goals of the labor unions and the relationships between the three actors in industrial relations: labor, management, and government. 5933 Ubogu, R. E., and J. U. Umo. Impacts of the External Sector on Employment and Equity: The Case of Nigeria and Ghana. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1986.122 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Employment, Labor force, Foreign policy, Agricultural development, Industrial development, Economic policy, Budget policy. KEYWORDS: IMF. Suggests that the Nigerian and Ghanaian macroeconomic policies have played a major role in creating negative economic growth. Asserts that overvalued currency and overtaxation of agriculture have undermined industrialization efforts and thus contributed to their decline. SEE ALSO 2204.

Legal System

5934 Amissah, A. N. E. The Contribution of the Courts to Government: A West African View. London: Oxford University Press, 1981. 382 pp. SUBJECTS: Government analysis, Legal system, Colonialism, Judicial process. KEYWORDS: Nkrumah, Kwame; Ghana military government 1966-1969; Busia, Kofi Abrefa; NLC (National Liberation Council). 5935 Asante, Samuel K. B. "Over a hundred years of a national legal system in Ghana: A review and critique." Journal of African Law 31, no. 1/2 (1987): 70-92. SUBJECTS: Legal system, Traditional legal system, Legal development, Legislative action. KEYWORDS: UK law. Appraises the efficacy of Ghana's legal heritage, which incorporates both Western and indigenous Ghanaian procedures. Reviews the totality of Ghana's legal experience in the light of the prevailing social and economic conditions of the past hundred years. 5936 Awusabo-Asare, Kofi. "Matriliny and the New Insterstate Succession Law of Ghana." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des etudes africaines 24, no. 1 (1990): 1-16. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Law, Marriage, Family, Property rights. KEYWORDS: Akan people; matrilineal system; Interstate Succession Law of 1985. Examines the implications for the matrilineal Akan people after the passage of four laws by the Ghanaian government in 1985. Presents the laws that challenge traditional distribution of the estates of those people who die without leaving a will, the registration of customary marriages and divorces, and the registration of family property. Claims that these laws have sabotaged Akan socioeconomic organization. 5937 Bimpong-Buta, S. Y. "The legal effect of executive confirmation of findings or awards by quasi-judicial bodies in Ghana." Journal of African Law 32, no. 1 (Spring 1988): 95-111. SUBJECTS: Law, Judicial process, Traditional legal system, Executive power. KEYWORDS: quasi-judicial bodies; due process.

G H AN A / M i l i t a r y A f f a i r s • 4 0 1 Addresses whether executive confirmation of quasi-judicialbody findings should be sacrosanct or subject to the review or challenge of due process. Shows that the Ghanaian courts have obscured social policy objectives—the very objectives for which such quasijudicial bodies were created.

Registration Law 1986; land law. Provides a brief, critical summary of the central features of the Land Title Registration Law of 1986. Considers these in the context of the historical development of Ghanaian land law and contrasts them with features of certain other proposed schemes.

5938 Daniels, W. C. Ekow. "Recent reforms in Ghana's family law." Journal ofAfrican Law 31, no. 1/2 (1987): 93-106. SUBJECTS: Legal reform, Law. KEYWORDS: Interstate Succession Law of 1985; Customary Marriage and Divorce Registration Law 1985; Head of Family (Accountability) Law 1985; family law; PNDC (Provisional National Defence Council). Examines three laws passed on June 14, 1985, to provide better security for widows and their children, effective machinery for customary marriage and divorce registration, and statutory accountability of family heads to their family members.

SEE ALSO 2292, 5030.

5939 Kludze, A. K. P. "Accountability of the head of family in Ghana: A statutory solution in search of a problem "Journal of African Law 31, no. 1/2 (1987): 107-118. SUBJECTS: Legal reform, Law, Family, Traditional legal system. KEYWORDS: Head of Family (Accountability) Law 1985. Examines the Ghanaian 1985 law that proclaims the liability of family heads in accounting for family property under their management. Claims that this law merely formalizes customary law and is therefore a solution in search of a nonexistent problem (i.e., family heads have always been held accountable.) 5940 Naden, Tony, ed. Law in Some North Ghanaian Societies. Legon, Ghana: Institute of African Studies, University of Ghana, 1984. 71 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Law, Traditional legal system, Anthropological analysis. KEYWORDS: linguistics; Northern Region, Ghana. 5941 Ollennu, Nii Amaa, and Gordon R. Woodman. Ollenu's Principles of Customary Land Law in Ghana. 2nd ed. Birmingham, UK: Cal, 1985.184 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Land tenure system, Traditional legal system, Legal system. KEYWORDS: family law. 5942 Sawyerr, Akilgapa. "Some legal issues arising from the negotiations of the VALCO Agreement." In: Essays from the GhanaVALCO Renegotiations, 1982-85, edited by Fui S. Tsikata. Accra, Ghana: Victoriaborg, 1986. 60-86 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Energy industry, Economic policy, Law, International law. KEYWORDS: VALCO (Volta Aluminum Company); Volta River Authority. Discusses the legal issues that arose from the renegotiation of the 1962 agreement that established VALCO. Notes the reasons for the Ghanaian decision to renegotiate and gives both the Ghanaian and the VALCO perspectives on the key issues. 5943 Schott, Rudiger. "Traditional law and religion among the Bulsa of northern Ghana." Journal of African Law 31, no. 1/2(1987): 58-69. biblio. SUBJECTS: Traditional legal system, Traditional religion, Law. KEYWORDS: Bulsa people; Northern Region, Ghana. Examines the link between traditional law and religion among the Bulsa people of northern Ghana. 5944 Tipple, A. Graham. "Housing problems and fields for intervention in Ghana." African Urban Studies 21 (Spring 1985): 5-13. tables. SUBJECTS: Housing policy, Construction industry, Property rights, Land tenure system, Traditional legal system. KEYWORDS: PNDC (Provisional National Defence Council); communal land; land acquisition; inheritance. 5945 Woodman, Gordon R. "Land title registration without prejudice: The Ghana Land Title Registration Law, 1986." Journal of African Law 31, no. 1/2 (1987): 119-135. SUBJECTS: Law, Land tenure system, Legal development. KEYWORDS: Land Title

Media and Culture

5946 Owusu, Maxwell. "Rebellion, revolution, and tradition: Reinterpreting coups in Ghana." Comparative Studies in Society and History 31, no. 2 (April 1989): 372-397. SUBJECTS: Coup d'état, Historical analysis, Leadership analysis, Traditional society, Ethnicity. KEYWORDS: Rawlings, Jerry J.; Afrifa, A. A.; PDC (People's Defence Committees); Asafo Uprisings 1913-1922. States that Western analytical perspectives cannot fully comprehend contemporary coups in Ghana as cultural phenomena that fit into a history of popular protest going back to early colonial times. Establishes Ghana's popular movements as attempts to resolve contradictions of power. 5947 Wiredu, Kwasi. "An Akan perspective on human rights." In: Human Rights in Africa: Cross-Cultural Perspectives, edited by Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na'im and Francis M. Deng. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1990. 243-260 pp. ALSO COVERS: Côte d'Ivoire. SUBJECTS: Human rights, Ethnicity, Traditional society. KEYWORDS: Akan people. Examines the Akan perception of a person in order to determine what it is about human beings that makes them entitled to human rights. SEE ALSO 2341, 2371.

Migration

5948 Diaw, Kofi, and Einhard Schmidt-Kallert. Effects of Volta Lake Resettlement in Ghana: A Reappraisal after 25 Years. Hamburg, West Germany: Institut fur Afrika-Kunde, 1990. 275 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Resettlement, Case study, Rural-urban migration, Energy industry, Household analysis, Housing policy. KEYWORDS: Volta River Authority; Mpam, Ghana; Amankwakrom, Ghana; Akosombo Dam, Ghana; Mem Chemfe, Ghana. Analyzes the effects of resettlement on those relocated due to the Akosombo Dam project. Contains interviews with people from different regions as well as statistical data covering a broad area of concerns ranging from housing to agriculture. Maintains that the dam was beneficial to Ghana but greatly hurt the resettled families. SEE ALSO 2409, 9469.

Military Affairs

5949 Adu, K. The Armed Forces under Kwame Nkrumah: 19571966: Paper Presented at the Symposium on the Life and Work of Kwame Nkrumah. Legon, May 27-June 1, 1985. Legon, Ghana: University of Ghana, Legon, 1985. 27 pp. SUBJECTS: Military

402 • GHANA/Military Affairs

policy, Military intervention, Political analysis, Coup d'état. KEYWORDS: Nkrumah, Kwame; CPP (Convention People's Party); Ghana coup d'état 1966. 5950 Baynham, Simon. "Quis custodiet ipsos custodes?: The case of Nkrumah's national security service." The Journal of Modern African Studies 23, no. 1 (March 1985): 87-103. SUBJECTS: National security, Armed forces, Foreign policy, Military policy. KEYWORDS: Ghana Armed Forces; Huntington, Samuel P.; Ghana national security service; Africanization. 5951 Baynham, Simon. The Military and Politics in Nkrumah's Ghana. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1988. 294 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Armed forces, Coup d'état, Imperialism. KEYWORDS: CPP (Convention People's Party); Nkrumah, Kwame; NLC (National Liberation Council); Gold Coast Military Forces; Africanization. Studies the Ghanaian army from 1957 to 1967—the years of Nkrumah's rule. Traces the development of the military from its inception as an instrument of imperial power to its establishment as a national army. Provides an analysis of the relationship between the CPP and the contemporary military forces. 5952 Baynham, Simon J. "Civil-military relations in Ghana's Second Republic." Journal of Contemporary African Studies 4, no. 1/2 (October 1984/April 1985): 71-88. SUBJECTS: Political parties, Armed forces, Coup d'état, Military intervention, Civilian government. KEYWORDS: NLC (National Liberation Council); NUGS (National Union of Ghanaian Students); Busia, Kofi Abrefa; Nkrumah, Kwame; Ghana Second Republic 1969-1972. 5953 Brown, David. "Sieges and scapegoats: The politics of pluralism in Ghana and Togo." The Journal of Modern African Studies 21, no. 3 (September 1983): 431-460. tables. ALSO COVERS: Togo. SUBJECTS: Ethnic conflict, Regional conflict. KEYWORDS: pluralism; Ewe people; Eyadema, Gnassingbé. 5954 Killingray, David. "Soldiers, ex-servicemen, and politics in the Gold Coast, 1939-50." The Journal of Modern African Studies 21, no. 3 (September 1983): 523-534. SUBJECTS: Armed forces, Warfare, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: African Ex-Servicemen's Union; World War II; Royal West African Frontier Force; military veterans. SEE ALSO 2535,2536.

Planning and Development

5955 Asiama, Seth Opuni. "The land factor in housing for low income urban settlers: The example of Madina, Ghana." Third World Planning Review 6, no. 1 (February 1984): 171-184. SUBJECTS: Low-income housing, Housing, Squatter community, Standard of living, Urban population, Rural-urban migration. KEYWORDS: Accra, Ghana; land acquisition; Madina, Ghana. 5956 Blankson, Charles C. T. "Housing estates in Ghana: A case study of middle- and low-income residential areas in Accra and Kumasi." In: Slum and Squatter Settlements in Sub-Saharan Africa: Toward a Planning Strategy, edited by R. A. Obudho and Constance C. Mhlanga. New York: Praeger, 1988.53-70 pp. SUBJECTS: Housing, Urban population, Urbanization, Housing policy, Low-income housing. KEYWORDS: Kumasi, Ghana; Accra, Ghana; estate houses. Examines the unauthorized housing developments springing up around estate houses in Accra and Kumasi. Concludes that substandard housing results from rapid urbanization and that this process is incapable of generating jobs and incomes for the urban mass.

5957 Boateng, I. K. "Governmental and voluntary participation in Ghana's rural development programme." In: Rural Development in Ghana, edited by C. K. Brown. Accra, Ghana: Ghana Universities Press, 1986. 33-43 pp. SUBJECTS: Foreign aid, Rural development, Urban planning policy, Education reform, Self-help, Community development, Nongovernmental organization. KEYWORDS: Ghana Department of Social Welfare and Community Development; rehabilitation program. States that rural development programs need the cooperation of government, voluntary agencies, and international aid for their success. Argues that social welfare and community development need to be complementary. 5958 Botchie, G. "Planning and implementation of development plans in Ghana: An appraisal." In: Rural Development in Ghana, edited by C. K. Brown. Accra, Ghana: Ghana Universities Press, 1986. 191-200 pp. SUBJECTS: National development, Development planning, Leadership analysis, Infrastructure. KEYWORDS: Gold Coast Ten Year Development Plan 1920-1930; Ghana Second Development Plan 1959-1964; Guggisberg, George; National Economic Planning Council. Discusses the trends and consequences of development planning and implementation in Ghana through the early 1980s. Emphasizes the integral role of spatial planning in the development process. 5959 Brown, C. K. Rural Development in Ghana: Policies and Programmes during the First Republic. Legon, Ghana: Institute of African Studies, April 1985. 18 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Community development, Rural development, Agricultural sector, Development planning. KEYWORDS: Nkrumah, Kwame; Ghana First Republic 1957-1966; CPP (Convention People's Party); Ghana Seven Year Development Plan 1963-1970. 5960 Chauveau, Jean-Pierre. "Le Statut du foncier dans l'analyse de l'économie de plantation au Ghana." In: Enjeux fonciers en Afrique noire, edited by E. Le Bris, E. Le Roy, and F. Leimdorfer. Paris: Karthala, 1982.45-56 pp. SUBJECTS: Plantation economy, Land-use policy, State intervention, Traditional society, Labor migration, Modernization. 5961 Dadson, J. A. "The need for cooperative reorientation—the Ghanaian case." In: Cooperatives Revisited, edited by Hans Hedlund. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1988. 173-186 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Cooperatives, Self-help. KEYWORDS: UGFCC (United Ghana Farmers' Cooperative Council); Ghana Department of Cooperatives; Ghana Cooperative Council. Reviews cooperative development in Ghana. Sketches the beginnings and the growth of cooperatives and allied structures. Outlines the main problems and issues confronting cooperative development. Offers proposals for more effective strategies of cooperative promotion in Ghana. 5962 Dickson, Kwamina B. Urban-Rural Contrast in Ghana: Its Implications for Development. Accra, Ghana: Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1984. 53 pp. SUBJECTS: Urbanization, Rural-urban relations, National development, Development planning, Primary education, Secondary education, Economic inequality. 5963 Ingham, Barbara. "Dudley Seers as a development adviser in Ghana and Malta." Institute of Development Studies Bulletin 20, no. 3 (July 1989): 43-52. SUBJECTS: Biography, Development theory, National planning policy. KEYWORDS: Seers, Dudley; Ghana Seven Year Development Plan 1963-1970; Ross Report 1952; Nkrumah, Kwame. Offers insights into the lifework and thought of Dudley Seers, the prominent development economist. Comments on his role in the Gold Coast/Ghana, where he advised Kwame Nkrumah and where his ideas

G H AN A / P o l i t i c s • 4 0 3 about government-led development were implemented and, in many analysts' view, discredited.

pointing out that unjust conditions can be found under MarxismLeninism.

5964 Kilmer, G. "Vertically integrated agri-business as a means of promoting rural development—the experience of Technoserve Incorporated." In: Rural Development in Ghana, edited by C. K. Brown. Accra, Ghana: Ghana Universities Press, 1986. 146-158 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Africa. SUBJECTS: Nongovernmental organization, Rural development, Development planning, Banking, Industrial development. KEYWORDS: Technoserve, Inc.; agribusiness; rural banking. States that rural development programs need not focus solely on the agricultural sector. Demonstrates that Technoserve, a US development agency, designs programs to develop indigenously owned selfhelp enterprises and argues that such industries are an effective way of dealing with rural poverty.

5970 Ahwireng-Obeng, F. "Entrepreneurial revolution for the African Third World: The case of Ghana." Revue canadienne d'études de développement! Canadian Journal of Development Studies 9, no. 1 (1988): 19-34. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Development theory, Entrepreneurship, Political ideology, Government analysis. Questions the effectiveness of development theory, the relevance of foreign ideologies, and the effectiveness of African governments in development. Analyzes entrepreneurial activity in Ghana, emphasizing its importance in the development of African economies.

5965 Tipple, A. Graham. "Upgrading and culture in Kumasi: Problems and possibilities." In: Slum and Squatter Settlements in Sub-Saharan Africa: Toward a Planning Strategy, edited by R. A. Obudho and Constance C. Mhlanga. New York: Praeger, 1988.71-87 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Housing, Housing policy. KEYWORDS: Kumasi, Ghana; slums; Anloga, Ghana; settlements. Reports on a workshop project undertaken to address the subject of slum upgrading. Concludes that this approach is not necessarily appropriate to urban areas in Ghana. SEE ALSO 15194, 15196.

Politics

5966 Afari-Gyan. Nkrumah' s Ideology : Paper presented at the Symposium on the Life and Work ofKwame Nkrumah, Organized by the Institute ofAfrican Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, May27-June 1, 1985. Legon, Ghana: University of Ghana, Legon, 1985. 20 pp. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Colonialism, Socialism, Class analysis. KEYWORDS: Nkrumah, Kwame. 5967 Agyeman, Dominic Kofi. The Social and Philosophical WorldOutlook ofKwame Nkrumah: Prolegomena. Legon, Ghana: University of Ghana, 1985. 14 pp. SUBJECTS: Elite analysis, Personalized leadership, Leadership analysis, Biography. KEYWORDS : Nkrumah, Kwame. 5968 Agyeman-Duah, Baffour. "Ghana, 1982-6: The politics of the P.N.D.C." The Journal ofModern African Studies 25, no. 4 (December 1987): 613-642. SUBJECTS: Political parties, Government analysis, Revolutionary movement. KEYWORDS : PNDC (Provisional National Defence Council); Rawlings, Jerry J. States that the Rawlings government has failed to improve Ghana's political and economic institutions. Concludes that the new "revolutionary" institutions lacked direction from above and legitimacy from below. Notes the exclusion of groups from representation, state arbitrariness, and human rights abuses. 5969 Ahiakpor, James C.W. "Recognizing 'left' from 'right' in Ghana: A comment on Ninsin." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 22, no. 1 (1988): 131-136. SUBJECTS: Political parties, Political ideology, Corruption, Marxism-Leninism. KEYWORDS: Ninsin, Kwame; left-wing movement. Briefly comments on the work of Kwame Ninsin on Ghanaian politics, with a discussion of leftist and rightist ideologies. Criticizes Ninsin's categorizations and his claims that leftists support justice, by

5971 Akuoko-Frimpong, H. "The need for an effective decentralized framework to promote development from below." In: Rural Development in Ghana, edited by C. K. Brown. Accra, Ghana: Ghana Universities Press, 1986.295-304 pp. ALSO COVERS: Africa. SUBJECTS: Decentralization, Rural development, Rural planning policy, Public policy, Local government. Draws lessons from other countries about the need for effective local institutions and for a decentralizing central government in the rural development process. 5972 Amonoo, Ben. Ghana 1957-1966: The Politics of Institutional Dualism. Boston, Massachusetts: George Allen Unwin, 1981.242 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Government analysis, Government bureaucracy, Local government. KEYWORDS: CPP (Convention People's Party); Nkrumah, Kwame; institutional development. 5973 Annor, Kwame. "Cultural and social identities in Africa: Chieftaincy and political change in Ghana." Verfassung und Recht in Ubersee/Law and Politics in Africa, Asia and Latin America 18, no. 2 (1985): 153-158. SUBJECTS: Political change, Traditional authority, Leadership analysis, Political development, Local government, Cultural identity. KEYWORDS: Ghana National Chieftaincy Project; chieftaincy. 5974 Arhin, Kwame. Chieftancy under Kwame Nkrumah. Legon, Ghana: University of Ghana, 1985. 27 pp. SUBJECTS: Leadership analysis, Biography, Elite analysis, Traditional authority. KEYWORDS: UGCC (United Gold Coast Convention); CPP (Convention People's Party); Nkrumah, Kwame. 5975 Arhin, Kwame. Traditional Rule in Ghana: Past and Present. Accra, Ghana: Sedco, 1985.163 pp. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Traditional society, Traditional authority, Local government. KEYWORDS: chieftaincy; Tallensi people; Akan people. 5976 Aryee, Joseph R. A. "The emergence of responsible government at the grassroots level." In: The Search for Democracy in Ghana (a Case Study of Political Instability in Africa), edited by K. A. Ninsin and F. K. Drah. Accra, Ghana: Asempa, 1987. 109-130 pp. SUBJECTS: Democracy, Local government, Government economic management. KEYWORDS: chieftaincy. States that the role of local government is key to democracy. Explores the relationship between the central government and local governments. Suggests that the Ghanaian government should place greater emphasis on local government, as it is the cornerstone of Ghanaian nation-building. 5977 Austin, Dennis. "The Ghana armed forces and Ghanaian society." Third World Quarterly 7, no. 1 (January 1985): 90-101. tables. SUBJECTS: Armed forces, Coup d'état, Military government, Political instability, Civilian government. KEYWORDS: union government; PNDC (Provisional National Defence Council); civilmilitary relations. 5978 Awoonor, Kofi Nyidevu. Ghana: A Political History from

404

• GH AN A/Poli tics

Pre-European to Modern Times. Accra, Ghana: Sedco, 1990. 294 pp. SUBJECTS: Political history, Colonialism, National liberation movement, Government analysis. KEYWORDS: Rawlings, Jerry J. A personal and national history of the struggle for liberation in Ghana. Explores Western falsehoods about Africa, particularly during and about the colonial era. Evaluates the postindependence governments of Ghana and expresses support for the Rawlings revolution. 5979 Ayee, Joseph R. A. "The implementation of the 1988/89 district assembly (local government) elections in Ghana." Africa Insight 20, no. 3 (1990): 169-175. tables. SUBJECTS: Elections, Local government, Decentralization. KEYWORDS: PNDC (Provisional National Defence Council); Ghana district assembly elections 1988-1989; NCD (National Commission for Democracy); DEC (District Election Committee); District Assemblies. Suggests reasons why the first local government elections under the PNDC were successful. Describes the election process, noting that 89 percent of the population registered and 59 percent of those voted. States that no deposit was required to vote and many women were elected. Analyzes election problems. 5980 Azarya, Victor, and Naomi Chazan. "Disengagement from the state in Africa: Reflections on the experience of Ghana and Guinea." African Studies Association Papers 27, no. 7 (October 1984): 1-26. ALSO COVERS: Guinea. SUBJECTS: Government analysis, Oneparty system, Socialist economy, Centralized authority, Nationalization, Labor migration. KEYWORDS: Toure, Ahmed Sekou; Nkrumah, Kwame; state analysis; parallel economy.

appreciated. Analyzes Nkrumah's political ideas as rising from Marx, Lenin, and Nkrumah's own African background. Analyzes how Nkrumah adapted these Western ideas to African conditions. 5986 Boateng, J. K. Ghana Today: The Only Way Out. Yaba, Nigeria: Grass Educational, 1984.184 pp. SUBJECTS: Armed forces, Historical analysis, Corruption, Political ideology, Foreign policy, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: New International Economic Order; party politics. 5987 Chazan, Naomi, and Donald Rothchild. "Corporatism and political transactions: Some ruminations on the Ghanaian experience." African Studies Association Papers 29, no. 19 (October/November 1986): 1-24. SUBJECTS: Government analysis, Resource distribution, State power, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: pluralism; Nkrumah, Kwame; CPP (Convention People's Party); corporatism. Explores the role of the state in Ghanaian social organization. Focuses on the changing nature of sociopolitical exchanges since the 1960s. States that corporatist schemes to structure the government, the economy, and the polity have failed. Argues for an innovative state restructuring that addresses Ghana's heterogeneous and plural society.

5981 Babatope, Ebenezer. Ghana Revolution: From Nkrumah to Jerry Rawlings. Enugu, Nigeria: Fourth Dimension, 1982. 109 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Government analysis, Revolutionary movement, Leadership analysis, Corruption. KEYWORDS: Nkrumah, Kwame; Akuffo, Fred W.; Rawlings, Jerry J.; Acheampong, Ignatius Kutu; Ghana coups d'état.

5988 Chazan, Naomi, and Donald Rothchild. "Corporatism and political transactions: Some ruminations on the Ghanaian experience." In: Corporatism in Africa: Comparative Analysis and Practice, edited by Timothy M. Shaw and Julius E. Nyang'oro. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1989.167-193 pp. SUBJECTS: Political analysis, Government analysis, Resource distribution, State power. KEYWORDS: corporatism; pluralism; Nkrumah, Kwame; CPP (Convention People's Party). Explores the role of the state in Ghanaian social organization. Focuses on the changing nature of sociopolitical exchanges since the 1960s. States that corporatist schemes to structure the government, the economy, and the polity have failed. Argues for an innovative state restructuring that addresses Ghana's hetrogeneous and plural society.

5982 Baynham, Simon. "Divide et impera: Civilian control of the military in Ghana's Second and Third Republics." The Journal of Modern African Studies 23, no. 4 (December 1985): 623-642. SUBJECTS: Military government, Civilian government, Political parties. KEYWORDS: Nkrumah, Kwame; Ghana Second Republic 19691972; Ghana Third Republic 1979-1981 ; civil-military relations.

5989 Chazan, Naomi. "Demise of the states in Ghana: Disintegration and endurance." African Studies Association Papers 25, no. 16 (November 1982): 1-23. SUBJECTS: Government analysis, Political power, Resource distribution, Market economy, Political participation, Political economy studies. KEYWORDS: PP (Progress Party); Ghana First Republic 1957-1966; CPP (Convention People's Party).

5983 Bienen, Henry. "Populist military regimes in West Africa." Armed Forces and Society 11, no. 3 (Spring 1985): 357-377. ALSO COVERS: Liberia, Burkina Faso. SUBJECTS: Coup d'état, Military government, Populism, Ideological conflict, Corruption, Defense policy. KEYWORDS: Sankara, Thomas; populist military regime; Rawlings, Jerry J.; Doe, Samuel Kanyon.

5990 Chazan, Naomi. "Ethnicity and politics in Ghana." Political Science Quarterly 97, no. 3 (1982): 461-485. SUBJECTS: Ethnic politics.

5984 Boahan, Adu. "Ghana since independence." In: Decolonization and African Independence: The Transfers of Power, 1960-1980, edited by Prosser Gifford and Wm. Roger Louis. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1988.199-233 pp. SUBJECTS: State intervention, Independence movement, Economic policy, Government economic management, Pan-Africanism, Centralized authority. KEYWORDS: Nkrumah, Kwame; economic independence; AllAfrican People's Conference 1958; OAU. Discusses Nkrumah's rule in the first decade of Ghanaian independence. Argues that a combination of Nkrumah's poor policies and ill-ordered priorities brought about Ghana's political and economic demise. 5985 Boateng, Charles A. "Nkrumah's adaptations of MarxistLeninist conceptualizations of the class question." Africa Quarterly 28, no. 1/2 (1988): 1-7. SUBJECTS: Leadership analysis, Political theory, Marxism, Class analysis. KEYWORDS: Nkrumah, Kwame. Argues that African leaders' political thought is not adequately

5991 Chazan, Naomi. "Ghana." In: The Political Economy of African Foreign Policy: Comparative Analysis, edited by Timothy M. Shaw and Olajide Aluko. Aldershot, UK: Gower, 1984. 94-121 pp. SUBJECTS: Leadership analysis, Foreign policy, Historical analysis, Economic development, Government analysis. KEYWORDS: Nkrumah, Kwame; Busia, Kofi Abrefa; Acheampong, Ignatius Kutu; Rawlings, Jerry J. 5992 Chazan, Naomi. "The anomalies of continuity: Perspectives on Ghanaian elections since independence." In: Elections in Independent Africa, edited by Fred M. Hayward. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1987. 61-86 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Constitution, Electoral process, Political participation, Political elite, Civilian government. KEYWORDS: PFP (Popular Front Party); CPP (Convention People's Party); PNP (People's National Party); multiparty system; Ghana national elections. Attempts to account for both the durability of electoral patterns and their growing insignificance. Views elections as critical mechanisms for tying together the various elements of the Ghanaian experience. Attributes both the resilience and the irrelevance of elections to Ghana's elite linkage structures.

G H AN A / P o l i tics • 4 0 5 5993 Chazan, Naomi H. "The anomalies of continuity: Perspectives on Ghanaian elections since independence." African Studies Association Papers 27, no. 15 (October 1984): 1-24. tables. SUBJECTS: Electoral process, Constitution, Political elite, Political parties, Civilian government. KEYWORDS: PNP (People's National Party); PFP (Popular Front Party); CPP (Convention People's Party); multiparty system; Ghana national elections. 5994 Chinbuah, A. A. "Designing rural development programmes— the Atebubu Rural Development Project." In: Rural Development in Ghana, edited by C. K. Brown. Accra, Ghana: Ghana Universities Press, 1986. 220-228 pp. SUBJECTS: Government analysis, Rural development, Decentralization, Local government. KEYWORDS: Atebubu Rural Development Project; development participation; Atebubu District, Ghana; Brong-Ahafo Region, Ghana; district planning. Describes the development project to be implemented in the Atebubu District of Ghana. States that it will encourage and facilitate the maximum participation of village or town development committees in designing, financing, and executing in the project. 5995 Codjoe, Frank Kwaw. Elites, Ideology, and Development Problems in Ghana. Hamburg, West Germany: Verlag an der Lottbek, 1988. 537 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Elite analysis, Ideologies, National development, Imperialism, Political history, Development policy. KEYWORDS: Volta River Project; CPP(ConventionPeople's Party); VALCO (Volta Aluminum Company); Nkrumah, Kwame; Rawlings, Jerry J. Examines the socioeconomic and political problems affecting Ghana since independence. Focuses on the power elites that dominate the government and the influence they have on Ghana's development. Notes the impact of Western ideologies on the ruling elite. 5996 Eghan, G. C. Ghana's Public Administration System under Kwame Nkrumah. Legon, Ghana: University of Ghana, 1985. 33 pp. SUBJECTS: Government bureaucracy, Public administration, Civil service. KEYWORDS: Nkrumah, Kwame. 5997 Etsiah, A. Kofi. "Military leadership and foreign policy behaviour in Ghana, 1972-1982." Journal of Contemporary African Studies 8/9, no. 1/2 (1989/90): 27-54. SUBJECTS: Military government, Foreign policy, Coup d ' é t a t , D e p e n d e n c y theory. KEYWORDS: NLC (National Liberation Council); NRC (National Ruling Council); PNDC (Provisional National Defence Council). Compares Ghana's foreign policy under military rule and under civilian rule and asserts that there is little difference between the two, contrary to many researchers' arguments. States that the continuity of Ghanaian foreign policy is rooted in its dependent position in the world economy rather than in the orientation of its leaders. 5998 Gyimah-Boadi, E., and Donald Rothchild. "Rawlings, populism, and civil liberties tradition in Ghana." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 12, no. 3/4 (Fall/Winter 1982): 64-69. SUBJECTS: Civil rights, Populism, Grassroots movement, Populism, Leadership analysis. KEYWORDS: Peoples' Tribunals; Rawlings, Jerry J. 5999 Hagan, George. "Le Concept de pouvoir dans la culture Akan." In: Le Concept de pouvoir en Afrique, edited by George Hagan. Paris: UNESCO, 1981.56-83 pp. SUBJECTS: Traditional authority, Power politics, Traditional political system, Political participation, Nationstate, State formation. 6000 Hagan, George P. Nkrumah's Cultural Policy. Legon, Ghana: University of Ghana, 1985. 28 pp. SUBJECTS: Cultural policy, Biography, Leadership analysis, Pan-Africanism. KEYWORDS: Nkrumah, Kwame. 6001 Hagan, George P. Nkrumah's Leadership Style: An Assessment

from a Cultural Perspective. Legon, Ghana: University of Ghana, 1985. 42 pp. SUBJECTS: Behavioral analysis, Leadership analysis, Personalized leadership, Biography, International relations. KEYWORDS: Nkrumah, Kwame; CPP (Convention People's Party). 6002 Harris, David. "Central power and local reform: Ghana during the 1970s." In: Local Government in the Third World: The Experience of Tropical Africa, edited by Philip Mawhood. New York: John Wiley, 1983. 201-223 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Local government, Political reform, Decentralization, Military government. KEYWORDS: regional councils; Mills-Odoi Report 1967. 6003 Jeffries, Richard. "Rawlings and the political economy of underdevelopment in Ghana." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 81, no. 324 (July 1982): 307-317. ALSO COVERS: Cote d'lvoire. SUBJECTS: Underdevelopment, Corruption, Leadership analysis, Government economic management. KEYWORDS: Nkrumah, Kwame; IMF; Rawlings, Jerry J. 6004 Jonah, Kwesi. "Changing relations between the IMF and the government of Ghana 1960-1987." In: The State, Development and Politics in Ghana, edited by Emmanuel Hansen and Kwame A. Ninsin. London: CODESRIA, 1989. 94-115 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Government analysis. KEYWORDS: IMF-Ghana relations; NLC (National Liberation Council); PNDC (Provisional National Defence Council). Focuses on the relationship between the government of Ghana and the IMF. Asserts that Ghana's association with the IMF has entailed significant changes in political and ideological directions as well as in development strategy. 6005 Jonah, Kwesi. "Social and economic conditions for a stable democracy." In: The Search for Democracy in Ghana (A Case Study of Political Instability in Africa), edited by K. A. Ninsin and F. K. Drah. Accra, Ghana: Asempa, 1987. 92-108 pp. SUBJECTS: Democracy, Elite analysis, Economic development, Underdevelopment, Political instability, Economic dependency. Assesses the economic and social systems of a liberal democracy. Explores the political economy of Ghana and suggests that Ghana's dependent capitalism makes it too unstable to support real democracy. States that Ghana should devise a political system more suited to its conditions. 6006 Konings, P. 'The state and the defence committees in the Ghanaian revolution 1981-1984." Les cahiers du CEDAF no. 2/4 (July 1986): 261-285. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Military government, Populism, Leadership analysis, Revolutionary movement, Defense policy. KEYWORDS: PNDC (Provisional National Defence Council); WDC (Workers' Defence Committees); corporatism; NDC (National Defence Committee). Assesses the relationships between the defense committees and the revolutionary fervor of Rawlings's PNDC. States that a contradiction emerges between these two factions of Ghanaian political life because of the conflicting political approaches undertaken by the PNDC: the corporatist and the collectivist. 6007 Konings, Piet. State and Rural Class Formation in Ghana: A Comparative Analysis. Boston, Massachusetts: KPI, 1986. 391 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Government analysis, Class formation, Rural population, Agricultural production, Political theory, Irrigation. KEYWORDS: cocoa; Tono Irrigation Projects; Vea Irrigation Projects; Fumbisi Valley, Ghana. Combines the articulation of modes of production theory with the theory of the postcolonial state to explain rural class formation in Ghana and its regional variations. 6008 Marable, Manning. African and Caribbean Politics: From Kwame Nkrumah to the Grenada Revolution. London: Verso, 1987. 314 pp. SUBJECTS: Socialism, Historical analysis, Colonialism,

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Authoritarian government, Pan-Africanism. KEYWORDS: Nkrumah, Kwame; CPP (Convention People's Party); CaribbeanAfrica relations; Grenada. Examines the links between Black political movements in the US, the Caribbean, and Africa. Discusses how slavery and colonialism affected Black political movements, the influence of socialism on those movements, and the factors that gave rise to authoritarian regimes in Africa after independence. 6009 Marable, Manning. "Kwame Nkrumah and the Convention People's Party: A critical assessment." TransAfrica Forum 3, no. 4 (Summer 1986): 19-36. SUBJECTS: Leadership analysis, Political parties, Political ideology, Pan-Africanism. KEYWORDS: Nkrumah, Kwame; Gbedema, Agbeli; CPP (Convention People's Party). A constructive review of the achievements and failures of the Nkrumah regime. Traces the origin and organizational structure of the CPP and why the government succumbed to the 1966 coup. 6010 Ndu, Eme. "Ghana: Transition to socialism." Labour, Capital and Society ¡Travail, capital et société 21, no. 1 (April 1988): 36-51. SUBJECTS: Socialism, Government analysis, Structural adjustment, Marxism. KEYWORDS: PNDC (Provisional National Defence Council); Robotham, Don. Responds to an article by Don Robotham on the socialist direction of Ghana's present government. Agrees that structural adjustment is not necessarily incompatible with a transition to socialism but asks whether this is actually what the government intends. 6011 Ninsin, K. A., and F. K. Drah, eds. The Search for Democracy in Ghana (A Case Study of Political Instability in Africa). Accra, Ghana: Asempa, 1987. 176 pp. SUBJECTS: Democracy, Political system, Economic development, Underdevelopment, Military government. KEYWORDS: political organizations. A collection of essays on the meaning of democracy for Ghana. Provides a historical survey of democracy, describes factors that limit the evolution of stable democratic institutions, and examines the role of the military as an antidemocractic force. Examines whether democracy is a viable institution for Ghana. 6012 N i n s i n , Kwame A. "Citizenship, participation, and democracy." In: The Search for Democracy in Ghana (A Case Study of Political Instability in Africa), edited by K. A. Ninsin and F. K. Drah. Accra, Ghana: Asempa, 1987.71-91 pp. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Human rights, Democracy, Military government, Nationalist movement, Political parties, Civilian government. KEYWORDS: SMC (Supreme Military Council); CPP (Convention People's Party); AFRC (Armed Forces Revolutionary Council); PNDC (Provisional National Defence Council). States that fundamental divisions exist in Ghanaian society that are based on the unequal enjoyment of basic human rights. Argues that this has serious implications for any effort aimed at building a democratic society. Assesses the meaning of democracies in Ghana under both civilian rule and military rule. 6013 Ninsin, Kwame A. "Ghanaian politics after 1981: Revolution or evolution." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 21, no. 1 (1987): 17-37. SUBJECTS: Government analysis, Political ideology, State power, Revolutionary movement, Economic crisis. KEYWORDS: PNDC (Provisional National Defence Council); Rawlings, Jerry J.; Ghana coup d'état, 1981. Analyzes the government of Rawlings ' s PNDC. States that at first the government displayed a revolutionary democracy, which weakened the political right and strengthened the political left. Argues that this caused declines in the Ghanaian economy and that since 1983 the government has taken a more moderate route. 6014 Ninsin, Kwame A. "Recognizing left and right in Ghanaian

politics: A reply to Ahiakpor." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 22, no. 1 (1988): 137-139. SUBJECTS: Political parties, Political ideology. KEYWORDS: UTAG (University Teachers Association of Ghana); Akiakpor, James W. A rebuttal to Akiakpor's critique of the author's work on Ghanaian politics. States that the left and the right must be viewed as analytical categories rather than as scientific dogma, that these categories are not synonymous, and that no one can claim that the left has been in power in Ghana since 1982. 6015 Ninsin, Kwame A. "State, capital and labour relations, 19611987." In: The State, Development and Politics in Ghana, edited by Emmanuel Hansen and Kwame A. Ninsin. London: CODESRIA, 1989. 15-42 pp. SUBJECTS: Labor policy, State power, Capitalism, Capital accumulation. KEYWORDS: capital-labor relations; foreign economic domination; CPP (Convention People's Party). Examines capital-labor relations since 1961. Analyzes how the state has responded to and resolved the contradictions between working classes as well as those changes since 1961 that have determined the relative strength of these classes. Highlights the persistence of foreign domination of the economy despite the growth of the Ghanaian state and private Ghanaian capitalism. 6016 Okeke, Barbara E. 4 June: A Revolution Betrayed. Enuga, Nigeria: Ikenga, 1982. 185 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Government analysis, Revolutionary movement, Political parties, Military government, Corruption. KEYWORDS: Rawlings, Jerry J.; AFRC (Armed Forces Revolutionary Council); Volta River Project; Nkrumah, Kwame. 6017 Oquaye, Mike. "The military and political instability." In: The Search for Democracy in Ghana (A Case Study of Political Instability in Africa), edited by K. A. Ninsin and F. K. Drah. Accra, Ghana: Asempa, 1987. 131-165 pp. SUBJECTS: Armed forces, Military government, Ethnicity, Economic dependency, Political instability. KEYWORDS: Rawlings, Jerry J.; NLC (National Liberation Council). Examines the military as an institution and its impact on Ghanaian politics. Assesses the reasons for military intervention in Ghanaian politics. Diagnoses Ghana's political situation in light of past trends and proposes possible solutions to the problems of continuous military intervention. 6018 Osei-Kwame, Peter, and Paul P. W. Achola. "A new conceptual model for the study of political integration in Africa." The Journal of Developing Areas 15, no. 4 (July 1981): 585-604. tables. SUBJECTS: Political integration, Ethnicity, Modernization theory, Education system, Marriage. 6019 Prah, Kwesi Kwaa. 'The rise and fall of CPP populism in Ghana 1947-1966: Acritique of populist nationalism." In: Democracy and the One-Party State in Africa, edited by Peter Meyns and Dani Wadada Nabudere. Hamburg, West Germany: Institute fiir AfrikaKunde, 1989. 43-56 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Political history, Populism, Nationalism, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: Nkrumah, Kwame; CPP (Convention People's Party); African socialism. Examines the contradictions in Nkrumah's one-man rule and demonstrates how neocolonial policies were justified under the cover of African socialism. 6020 Ray, Donald I. Ghana: Politics, Economics and Society. London: Frances Pinter, 1986. 192 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Political parties, Political participation, Revolutionary movement, Economic recovery, Leadership analysis. KEYWORDS: PDC (People's Defence Committees); PNDC (Provisional National Defence Council); WDC (Workers' Defence Committees); Nkrumah, Kwame; Rawlings, Jerry J. Analyzes Ghana's political traditions and social structure with an

GH AN A/Population • 407 emphasis on the December 31st revolution that brought Rawlings to power. Discusses Rawlings's role and policies, concluding that although there have been some drawbacks to the PNDC, Rawlings's policies are the key to putting Ghana on the road to economic recovery.

Constitution, Mass media, Historical analysis, State power, Political parties. KEYWORDS: Ghana Constitution 1969; press; Ghana Press Commission; Ghana Third Republic 1979-1981; Ghana Constitution 1979.

6021 Robotham, Don. "The Ghana problem." Labour, Capital and Society ¡Travail, capital et société 21, no. 1 (April 1988): 13-36. SUBJECTS: Political analysis, Structural adjustment, Democracy, Government analysis, Marxist analysis. KEYWORDS: Rawlings, Jerry J.; PNDC (Provisional National Defence Council). Considers the government of Ghana and its about-face from its revolutionary roots to an internationally sponsored structural adjustment program. Uses a Caribbean perspective. States that the structural adjustment program can be justified on Marxist grounds and details the socialist elements of the program.

6029 Vercruijsse, Emile, and Reinke Zwanenberg. The Penetration of Capitalism: A West African Case Study. London: Zed, 1984. 180 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Capitalism, Fishing industry, Labor force, Marxist analysis. KEYWORDS: precapitalist society; canoe fishing; modes of production.

6022 Rooney, David. Kwame Nkrumah: The Political Kingdom in the Third World. London: I. B. Tauris, 1988. 292 pp. SUBJECTS: Marxist analysis, Political analysis, Biography, Leadership analysis. KEYWORDS: Nkrumah, Kwame; CPP (Convention People's Party); UGCC (United Gold Coast Convention). Traces the political life of Kwame Nkrumah beginning in 1947. Focuses on political movements, including Nkrumah's disaffection from the UGCC and the rise and fall of the CPP. 6023 Rothchild, Donald, and E. Gyimah-Boadi. "Ghana's return to civilian rule." Africa Today28, no. 1 (1981): 3-16. tables. SUBJECTS: Civilian government, Economic crisis, Military government, Political parties. KEYWORDS: Acheampong, Ignatius Kutu; military hegemony; SMC (Supreme Military Council). 6024 Saaka, Yakubu. "The myth and reality of politics in Ghana: The legacy of Kwame Nkrumah." African Studies Association Papers 27, no. 92 (October 1984): 1-25. SUBJECTS: Leadership analysis, Foreign policy, Ethnicity, Political participation. KEYWORDS: Rawlings, Jerry J.; Nkrumah, Kwame. 6025 Sillah, Mohammed-Bassiru. African Coup d'Etat: A Case Study of Jerry Rawlings in Ghana. Lawrenceville, Virginia: Brunswick, 1984. 69 pp. SUBJECTS: Coup d'état, Political system, Military government, Revolutionary movement. KEYWORDS: Limann, Hilla; Rawlings, Jerry J. ; OAU; kalabule; PNDC (Provisional National Defence Council). 6026 Skalnik, P. "Nanumba chieftaincy facing the Ghanaian state and Konkomba 'tribesmen': An interpretation of the NanumbaKonkomba war of 1981." Les Cahiers du CEDAF no. 2/4(July 1986): 89-109. SUBJECTS: Traditional political system, Ethnic conflict, Migration pattern, Warfare, Traditional authority. KEYWORDS: Konkomba people; Nanumba people; Nanumba-Konkomba war 1981; KO Y A (Konkomba Youth Association); Northern Region, Ghana. Examines the reasons behind the Nanumba-Konkomba conflict in the Northern Region of Ghana. Suggests that the conflict was due to the very different political cultures governing the area. Argues that under the Limann regime, the conditions of rule were articulated in such a way that they inevitably led to bloodshed. 6027 Timothy, Bankole. Kwame Nkrumah from Cradle to Grave. Dorset, UK: Gavin, 1981.258 pp. maps, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Guinea. SUBJECTS: Leadership analysis, Biography, Corruption, Historical analysis, Political theory. KEYWORDS: Nkrumah, Kwame; UGCC (United Gold Coast Convention); CPP (Convention People's Party). 6028 Twumasi, Yaw. "Media of mass communication and the Third Republican Constitution of Ghana." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 80, no. 318 (January 1981): 13-27. SUBJECTS:

6030 Warren, D., and Joe Issachar. "Strategies for understanding and changing local revenue policies and practices in Ghana's decentralization programme." World Development 11, no. 9 (September 1983): 835-844. tables. SUBJECTS: Decentralization, Development planning, Budget policy, Local development, Government analysis. KEYWORDS: Economic and Rural Development Management Project; local revenue policy. 6031 Warren, Dennis M. "Anthropology and rural development in Ghana." In: Anthropology and Rural Development in West Africa, edited by Michael M. Horowitz and Thomas M. Painter. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1986. 63-91 pp. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Anthropological analysis, Decentralization, Local government. KEYWORDS: USAID; Economic and Rural Development Management Project; Primary Health Training for Indigenous Healers Project. Details an anthropologist's role in aiding the government in decentralization efforts and in transforming bureaucrats into active planners and initiators. Focuses on the Economic and Rural Development Management Project, whose aim was to decentralize development in Ghana to the regional and district levels. 6032 Zeff, Eleanor E. "New directions in understanding military and civilian regimes in Ghana." The African Studies Review 24, no. 1 (March 1981): 49-72. tables. SUBJECTS: Military government, Civilian government, Government analysis. KEYWORDS: Nkrumah, Kwame; Ghana Second Republic 1969-1972; NLC (National Liberation Council); NRC (National Redemption Council). 6033 Zeff, Eleanor E. "The Ghanaian press as a translator of public policy." Journal of African Studies 10, no. 2 (Summer 1983): 50-65. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Mass media, Public policy, Propaganda, Civilian government, Military government. KEYWORDS: editorials; newspapers; Daily Graphic. SEE ALSO 2694, 2715, 2774, 2792, 2794, 2817, 2911, 2924, 2998, 3014, 3066, 3069, 3077, 3084, 4274, 4281, 4297, 5047, 5059, 9818, 10002, 15215, 15217.

Population

6034 Goarnisson, Luc. "Ghana." In: L'Evaluation des effectifs de la population des pays africains, vol. 2, edited by Groupe de Démographique Africain. Paris: Groupe de Démographique Africain, 1984.149-166 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Historical analysis, Population growth. KEYWORDS: census. 6035 World Bank. The Economic Consequences of Rapid Population Growth. Vol. 4 of 4. Accra, Ghana: Ghana Publishing, October 3, 1983. 22 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Population growth, Economic development, Demographic analysis, Policy recommendation, Public policy. KEYWORDS: Ghana Ministry of Health; Ghana Fertility Survey 1979-1980.

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SEE ALSO 15220.

Private Sector

6036 Ahiakpor, James C. W. "Do firms choose inappropriate technology in LDCs?" Economic Development and Cultural Change 37, no. 3 (April 1989): 557-571. tables. SUBJECTS: Appropriate technology, Business administration, Private sector, Free market. Questions the idea that firms choose technologies inappropriate to developing countries' situations. Argues that firms are responsive to economic incentives and that private local firms make the best choices. Examines data on 297 manufacturing firms in Ghana for 1970, after Ghana's economy was liberalized. 6037 Steel, William. "L'Artisanat, un moribond qui se porte bien à Accra et à Yaoundé." In: Vivre et survivre dans les villes africaines, edited by Isabelle Deblé and Philippe Hugon. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1982. 127-136 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Cameroon. SUBJECTS: Informal sector, Commercial sector, Urban development, Small business. KEYWORDS: Yaoundé, Cameroon; Accra, Ghana.

States that the weakness of rural development policies in Ghana are due to poor coordination, which leads to lack of popular participation. Argues for a new approach to rural development that would equalize the rural-urban imbalance. 6041 Andoh, K. "Strategy for rural development." In: Rural Development in Ghana, edited by C. K. Brown. Accra, Ghana: Ghana Universities Press, 1986.305-313 pp. ALSO COVERS: Africa. SUBJECTS: Rural planning policy, Rural development, Rural poverty, Community development. States that a central policy and direction that would involve local institutions accountable to the rural population are essential for successful rural development. Recommends that rural development strategies include multiple staffing patterns with different functions and objectives. 6042 Brown, C. K., ed. Rural Development in Ghana. Accra, Ghana: Ghana Universities Press, 1986. 325 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Africa. SUBJECTS: Integrated rural development, Rural development, Resettlement, Government analysis, Development planning, Natural resource management. KEYWORDS: ADB (Agricultural Development Bank). A collection of positions, conference papers, and journal articles that address various issues and problems of rural development in Ghana. Delineates problems and suggests guidelines to alleviate them. Focuses mainly on development issues of the 1970s.

SEE ALSO 3159.

Regionalism/Nationalism

6043 Ewusi, Kodwo. The Dimensions and Characteristics of Rural Poverty in Ghana. Legon, Ghana: Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research, April 1984. 171 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Rural poverty, Rural development, Social stratification. KEYWORDS: Ghana Five Year Development Plan 1975-1980; WCARRD (World Conference on Agrarian Reform and Rural Development); FAO.

SEE ALSO 3235, 6972, 15244.

Religion

6038 Dickson, K. A. Religion and Nkrumah: A Study in Church and State Relations in the First Republic. Legon, Ghana: University of Ghana, 1985.22 pp. SUBJECTS: Religion, Christianity, Government analysis. KEYWORDS: Nkrumah, Kwame; Christian Council of Ghana; CPP (Convention People's Party); Ghana First Republic 19571966; church-state relations. 6039 Pellow, Deborah. "Muslim segmentation: Cohesion and divisiveness in Africa." The Journal of Modern African Studies 23, no. 3 (September 1985): 419-444. tables. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Islamic society, Religious politics, Historical analysis, Traditional authority. KEYWORDS: lineage system; Ghana Muslim Mission; Council of Muslim Chiefs.

Rural Development

6040 Amonoo, E. "Strategy for an integrated rural development in Ghana." In: Rural Development in Ghana, edited by C. K. Brown. Accra, Ghana: Ghana Universities Press, 1986. 262-284 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Integrated rural development, Rural planning policy, Socioeconomic analysis. KEYWORDS: development participation.

6044 Ewusi, Kodwo. The Dynamics of Rural Poverty in Ghana and Its Alleviation. Rome, Italy: FAO, 1983. 117 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Rural poverty, Rural development, Rural-urban migration, Agricultural production, Income inequality. KEYWORDS: Ghana national development plans; WCARRD (World Conference on Agrarian Reform and Rural Development); cocoa. 6045 Mikell, Gwendolyn. "Peasant politicisation and economic recuperation in Ghana: Local and national dilemmas." The Journal of Modern African Studies 27, no. 3 (September 1989): 455-478. SUBJECTS: Peasant society, Political analysis, Rural-urban relations. KEYWORDS: PNDC (Provisional National Defence Council); CDR (Committees in Defence of the Revolution); Rawlings, Jerry J. Examines the role that rural populations play in Ghana's politics. Argues that rural activities have been underestimated, especially in a consideration of the economic restructuring policies undertaken. Maintains that the government has to balance peasant concerns with urban populations' concerns in order to create stability. 6046 Owusu-Acheampong, J. H., and C. K. Brown. "Rural credit and rural development in Ghana." In: Rural Development in Ghana, edited by C. K. Brown. Accra, Ghana: Ghana Universities Press, 1986. 90-104 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Africa. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Rural population, Credit policy. KEYWORDS: Cocoa Purchasing Company Limited; National Investment Bank; ADB (Agricultural Development Bank). States that the availability of credit plays an integral part in rural development strategy. 6047 Owusu-Ansah, K. A. "Managing rural socio-economic development in Ghana—towards improved performance." In: Rural Development in Ghana, edited by C. K. Brown. Accra, Ghana: Ghana

GHANA/Urban Development Universities Press, 1986. 237-261 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Rural planning policy, Rural development. KEYWORDS: National Economic Planning Council; Projects Implementation Unit; rural industry. Evaluates the administration of rural socioeconomic development and makes suggestions for its improvement.

• 409

Trade

6053 Jonah, Kwesi. Ghana under Nkrumah: The Struggle against Neo-Colonial Trade Patterns. Legon, Ghana: University of Ghana, 1985. 26 pp. SUBJECTS: Neocolonialism, Trade relations, Foreign trade, Economic dependency. KEYWORDS: Nkrumah, Kwame; CPP (Convention People's Party).

Social Movement Urban Development 6048 Hansen, Emmanuel. "The military and revolution in Ghana." Journal of African Marxists no. 2 (August 1982): 4-21. SUBJECTS: Revolutionary movement, Military government, National liberation movement. KEYWORDS: Rawlings, Jerry J.; Limann, Hilla.

Socioeconomic Analysis

6049 Ebin, Victoria. "Transfer of power: The king and the secret society in a time of crisis." In: Creativity of Power: Cosmology and Action in African Societies, edited by W. Arens and Ivan Karp. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1989. 273-288 pp. SUBJECTS: Sociological analysis, Behavioral analysis, Gender relations. KEYWORDS: Akan people; power; witchcraft. Shows how power travels between priesthood and chieftaincy. Points out that social order is not reproduced by crisis, but that power is redistributed because of a crisis. SEE ALSO 3403, 3412.

Technology

6050 Atsu, S. Y. "Appropriate technology and increased food output: Evaluating the technological alternatives for crop production in Ghana." In: Towards Food Self-Sufficiency in West Africa, edited by Kodwo Ewusi. Tema, Ghana: Tema Publishing, 1984. 329-351 pp. SUBJECTS: Appropriate technology, Food production, Agricultural technology, Irrigation. 6051 Micah, John A., and Stephen Adei. "Technological capacity and national food self-sufficiency: The case of palm oil production in Ghana." In: Towards Food Self-Sufficiency in West Africa, edited by Kodwo Ewusi. Tema, Ghana: Tema Publishing, 1984. 225-242 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural technology. KEYWORDS: palm oil; food self-sufficiency. 6052 UN Conference on Trade and Development. Transfer and Development of Technology in Ghana: Report of an UNCTAD Mission. New York: UNCTAD, 1987. 33 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Technology transfer, Technological development, International law, Government regulation, Structural adjustment. Outlines the main structural changes in the Ghanaian economy in the period 1972-1987. Examines the government policy and institutional frameworks within which technology transfer and development programs must operate. SEE ALSO 10165.

6054 Ankerl, G. C. "Are there an overurbanization in tropical Africa?" African Studies Association Papers 26, no. 8b (December 1983): 1-31. tables. ALSO COVERS: Kenya, Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Rural-urban migration, Urbanization, Population density, Housing, Population growth, Urban population. KEYWORDS: overurbanization. 6055 Boapeah, Samuel N., and A. Graham Tipple. "Estimating housing stock in a Third World city: A method used in Kumasi." Third World Planning Review 5, no. 2 (May 1983): 177-88. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Urban development, Housing policy, Urbanization, Research methodology, Housing. KEYWORDS: Kumasi, Ghana. 6056 Kooperman, Leonard. "African urban planning and redevelopment." Journal of African Studies 14, no. 1 (Spring 1987): 12-16. ALSO COVERS: Africa. SUBJECTS: Urban growth, Urban planning policy. KEYWORDS: Accra, Ghana; slums. Examines urban growth and planning efforts in the city of Accra, and the implications for alternative models of African urban development. 6057 Lisowska, Jolanta. 'The demographic, social and professional structure of the population of Accra between 1960 and 1970." Africana Bulletin 32 (1984): 113-129. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Urbanization, Colonialism, Urban planning policy, Urban development. KEYWORDS: spatial analysis; professionals. 6058 Makannah, Torna J. "The components of urban population growth in Ghana and Sierra Leone." African Urban Quarterly 3, no. 3/4 (August/November 1988): 231-236. tables. ALSO COVERS: Sierra Leone. SUBJECTS: Urban growth, Population growth, Ruralurban migration, Urban planning policy. Estimates that urban growth in Ghana and Sierra Leone in the 1960s and 1970s was rapid. States that a natural increase itself represented the major growth component in Ghana, whereas for Sierra Leone it was net migration. Suggests that comprehensive urban planning ought to consider both types of population increase in attempts to solve problems. 6059 Siita, Hudu. "Tamale, Ghana; an integrated improvement programme for the urban poor." African Urban Quarterly 2, no. 3 (August 1987): 262-275. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Urban poverty, Urbanization, Urban development, Project design. KEYWORDS: TIIPUP (Tamale Integrated Improvement Programme for the Urban Poor Project); WDDC (Western Dagomba District Council); Tamale, Ghana; Dagomba people; development participation. States that the growth of Tamale in the Northern Region of Ghana has made development uncontrollable. Examines a project that maximized the use of local resources in order to improve the quality of life in neighborhoods not yet served. Suggests a need for target group participation in all stages of a development project.

4 1 0 • GHANA/Women and Gender

Women and Gender

6060 Clark, Gracia. "Negotiator queens: Market leaders in Kumasi, Ghana." African Studies Association Papers 28, no. 17 (November 1985): 1-16. SUBJECTS: Market system, Women's studies, Women's economic role, Trade relations. KEYWORDS: market women; dispute settlement; Ashanti people; Kumasi, Ghana. 6061 Clark, Gracia. "Pools, clients and partners: Relations of capital and risk control between Kumasi market women." African Studies Association Papers 27, no. 16 (October 1984): 1-20. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Market system, Trade relations, Credit policy, Women's studies. KEYWORDS: vegetables; market women; Kumasi, Ghana; business partnership. 6062 Clark, Gracia. "Shifts in gender and ethnic identification with specific trading roles in Asante." African Studies Association Papers 29, no. 20 (October/November 1986): 1-25. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Employment, Economic development, Trade relations, Colonialism, Ethnicity, Division of labor. KEYWORDS: market women; Ashanti people. Details the historical route that Asante women and ethnic groups have traveled in gaining access to market trade in Ghana. Argues that access to trade has been and remains directly related to political access. States that the Ghana market contains a gender division of labor, which is supported by government policy. 6063 Date-Bah, Eugenia. "Rural women, their activities and technology in Ghana: An overview." In: Rural Development and Women in Africa, edited by the International Labour Office. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1984.89-98 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Rural development, Agricultural technology, Women and development. 6064 Date-Bah, Eugenia. Sex Inequality in an African Urban Labour Market: The Case of Accra-Tema. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1982. 84 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Employment, Gender relations, Division of labor, Labor market, Sex discrimination. KEYWORDS: Accra, Ghana; Tema, Ghana. 6065 Dumor, Ernest. "Commodity queens and the distributive trade in Ghana: A sociohistorical analysis." African Urban Studies 12 (Winter 1982): 27-46. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Women's studies, Historical analysis, Women's economic role, Trade relations, Social stratification. KEYWORDS: urban economy; market women. 6066 Dumor, Ernest. "Women in rural development in Ghana." Rural Africana no. 17 (Fall 1983): 69-81. SUBJECTS: Women and development, Rural development, Women's economic role, Sex discrimination. 6067 Ewusi, Kodwo. Urbanization, Modernization and Employment of Women in Ghana. Accra, Ghana: Adwinsa Publications, 1987. 96 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Modernization, Employment, Education policy, Urbanization, Women's economic role, Women and development. KEYWORDS: wage labor; Aburi, Ghana; Kwamoso, Ghana. Analyzes the participation of women in the urban economy and discusses their changing roles due to modernization. Concludes that there are no legal barriers to the upward mobility of women in terms of education and occupation; however, social attitudes prevent full recognition of women's importance to development. 6068 Fogelberg, Teresa. Nanumba Women: Working Bees or Idle

Bums? Sexual Division of Labor, Ideology of Work, and Power Relations between Women and Men in Gole, a Village in Nanumba District, Northern Region, Ghana: Leiden, Netherlands: Institute of Cultural and Social Studies, Leiden University, 1982. 84 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Employment, Division of labor, Household analysis, Women's economic role, Socioeconomic analysis. KEYWORDS: Gole village, Ghana; Nanumba District, Ghana; Northern Region, Ghana. 6069 Greenstreet, Miranda. "When education is unequal." Institute of Development Studies Bulletin 12, no. 3 (1981): 14-18. tables. SUBJECTS: Formal education, Informal sector, Women's rights, Women's economic role, Employment. 6070 James, Stanlie. "Some impressions of the Ghanaian version of Black feminism." In: Emerging Human Rights: The African Political Economy Context, edited by George W. Shepherd, Jr., and Mark O. C. Anikpo. New York: Greenwood, 1990. 181-196 pp. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Employment, Legal system, Socioeconomic analysis, Women's rights. KEYWORDS: feminism; NCWD (National Council on Women and Development). Bases its content on research that is concerned with developing greater understanding of Black feminism. Addresses whether this is only a US phenomenon or whether it can be found in other parts of the world as well. Examines Ghanaian feminist consciousness and its similarity to Black feminism in the US. 6071 Mikell, Gwendolyn. "Expansion and contraction in economic access for rural women: A case from Ghana." African Studies Association Papers 25, no. 63 (November 1982): 1-29. tables. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Women's studies, Division of labor, Cash crop production, Rural development. KEYWORDS: ADB (Agricultural Development Bank); Brong-Ahafo Region, Ghana; cocoa; matrilineal system. 6072 Mikell, Gwendolyn. "Expansion and contraction in economic access for rural women in Ghana." Rural Africana no. 21 (Winter 1985): 13-30. tables. SUBJECTS: Women and development, Women's economic role, Women's rights, Cash crop production, Agrarian economy. KEYWORDS: Brong people; Akan people. 6073 Robertson, Claire C. Sharing the Same Bowl: A Socioeconomic History of Women and Class in Accra, Ghana. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University, 1984. 299 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Women and development, Women's studies, Historical analysis, Class formation, Social change, Socioeconomic analysis. KEYWORDS: women traders; Accra, Ghana. 6074 Roncoli, Maria Carla. Women and Small-Scale Farming in Ghana. East Lansing, Michigan: Michigan State University, 1985. 40 pp. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Women's studies, Smallholder agriculture, Agricultural development, Land-use policy, Labor policy, Capital formation. KEYWORDS: Midas project. 6075 Steel, William, and Claudia Campbell. "Women's employment and development: A conceptual framework applied to Ghana." In: Women and Work in Africa, edited by Edna G. Bay. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1982. 225-248 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Research methodology, Women's economic role, Women and development, Employment opportunity, Development theory. KEYWORDS: labor productivity. 6076 Tsikata, Edzodzinam. "Women's political organisations 19511987." In: The State, Development and Politics in Ghana, edited by Emmanuel Hansen and Kwame A. Ninsin. London: CODESRIA, 1989. 73-93 pp. SUBJECTS: Women's political role, Women's

GUIÑE A / E c o n o m i c s studies, Political parties. KEYWORDS: CPP (Convention People's Party); FEGAWO (Federation of Ghanaian Women); AW AG (All Women's Association of Ghana). Examines the roles of several women's political organizations in

• 411

Ghana. Assesses the general condition of women in the postcolonial period. SEE ALSO 3658, 3671, 6977, 15307, 15309.

GUINEA Agriculture

6077 Chéneau-Loquay, Annie. "La 'Politique agricole,' un concept vide. Les effets pervers de l'ouverture libérale." Politique africaine no. 36 (December 1989): 38-55. maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural policy, Self-sufficient economy, Food production, Export economy. Addresses the agricultural policy of Guinea in terms of food self-sufficiency versus other priorities. Examines the colonial heritage that contributed to current political priorities and the perverse effects of recent economic liberalization.

Colonialism

SEE ALSO 6111.

Economics

6078 Barbier, Jean Pierre. "Guinée: une résurrection laborieuse." Afrique contemporaine 144 (October/December 1987): 23-36. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic reform, Banking policy, Public sector, Informal sector, Mining. KEYWORDS: Touré, Ahmed Sekou; bauxite. Explains the contradiction between the economic potential of Guinea and the poverty of its population. Suggests the necessity of economic reform, specifically of the monetary and banking systems, and the restructuring of the public and semipublic economic sectors. 6079 Cheneau Loquay, Annie. "La Nouvelle donne économique en Guinée 1985-87, le temps des incertitudes." Année africaine (1985/1986): 87-120. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Agricultural development, Reform, Privatization, Monetary policy, Banking, Mining. KEYWORDS: economic liberalization. Discusses the economic liberalization that took place following the death of Ahmed Sekou Touré, including devaluing the currency, restructuring banking policy, redistributing economic power through administrative reforms, and privatizing public enterprises. 6080 Cournanel, Alain. "Economie politique de la Guinée (19581981)." In: Contradictions of Accumulation in Africa: Studies in Economy and State, edited by Henry Bernstein and Bonnie K. Campbell. Beverly Hills, California: Sage, 1985. 207-247 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Capitalism, Political economy studies, Economic development, Agricultural sector, Foreign investment, Income distribution. 6081 Cournanel, Alain. "FMI en Guinée: un programme très con-

testable." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 10, no. 1/2 (1985): 161-168. SUBJECTS : Economic development, Private investment, Foreign aid, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: IMF; World Bank. 6082 Cournanel, Alain. "FMI en Guinée: un programme très contestable." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 233/234 (1985): 69-76. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Structural adjustment, Foreign aid, Private investment. KEYWORDS: IMF; World Bank. 6083 Diallo, Sory. "Guinée: potentialités et réalités." Géopolitique africaine no. 3 (October 1986): 117-128. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Mining, Foreign aid policy, Market system, Natural resource management. KEYWORDS: bauxite. Discusses a June 1985 compromise between Guinea and its Western partners regarding the exploitation of bauxite. Examines the difficulties of these negotiations for Guinea and explores the constraints of the market and the handicaps it faces. Assesses the economic potential of a resource-rich country such as Guinea. 6084 Diallo, Sory. "L'Intoxication anti-française des trafiques." Géopolitique africaine no. 2 (June 1986): 251-262. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign aid policy, Development financing, Mixed economy, Economic development, Trade relations. KEYWORDS: France-Guinea relations; World Bank; donor agency. Addresses the scope and nature of aid from France to Guinea. Explores the negotiations between the two countries in order to recharge Guinea's economic development. 6085 Goerg, O. "Intervention publique en matière d'habitat et de transport à Conakry (Guinée)." In: Les Investissements publics dans les villes africaines (1930-1980): habitat et transports, edited by Sophie Dulucq and Odile Goerg. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1989. 95-107 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Urbanization, Transportation system, C o l o n i a l i s m , I n v e s t m e n t p o l i c y , P u b l i c i n v e s t m e n t . KEYWORDS : France-Guinea relations ; SIG (Société Immobilière de Guinée); TUC (Transport Urbain de Conakry); Conakry, Guinea. Addresses the urbanization problem and transportation system of Conakry, Guinea. Examines the colonial-era urbanization projects and the postindependence public programs for transportation and urban development. 6086 Larfeuil, Bernard. "Guinée: premier bilan d'une expérience de reconversion de fonctionnaires." Afrique contemporaine 155, no. 3 (1990): 3-22. SUBJECTS: Economic reform, Civil service, Banking policy, Government bureaucracy. KEYWORDS: BARAF (Bureau d'Aide à la Reconversion des Agents de la Fonction Publique). Analyzes a civil servant redeployment operation undertaken in Guinea. Describes the mechanisms and results of the program, emphasizing the strengths and weaknesses of the operation within the adopted perspective. Questions whether such an operation can be reproduced and considers the requirements of a sectorial approach. 6087 Topol, Yves. "Réajuster l'économie: premier bilan des réformes." Politique africaine no. 36 (December 1989): 56-70. SUBJECTS: Economic reform, Liberalism, Monetary policy, Public sec-

4 1 2 • GUIÑE A / E c o n o m i c s tor, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: PREF (Programme de Redressement Economique et Financier); IMF. Examines the economic reform policies of the ruling military council in Guinea since 1985. Analyzes Guinea's new path toward development given global economic realities, pressures from the IMF, and the presence of the returning Western companies. Emphasizes monetary, banking, public-sector and private-sector reforms. SEE ALSO 12911.

Foreign Relations

6088 Campbell, Bonnie K., and Jorge Niosi. Les Enjeux de la bauxite: la Guinée face aux multinationales de l'aluminium. Montreal, Canada: Presses de l'Université de Montréal, 1983. 182 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Transnational corporations, Foreign investment, Foreign capital, Industrial production. KEYWORDS: Boke, Guinea; bauxite; aluminum.

General

6089 Bah, Amadou Oury, Binto Keita, and Benoît Lootvoet. "Les Guinéens de l'extérieur: rentrer au pays?" Politique africaine no. 36 (December 1989): 22-37. SUBJECTS: Migration, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: CMRN (Comité Militaire de Redressement National); repatriation. Addresses the population of Guinea who live abroad, their repatriation to Guinea, and their reinsertion into national life. Examines the Guinean economy today and its capability to reabsorb those who emigrated from the country under the Touré regime. Claims that the reintegration of migrants will be difficult. 6090 Bah, Mahmoud. Construire la Guinée après Sékou Touré. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1990. 207 pp. maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Crisis management, Economic crisis, Political crisis, Human rights. Addresses the economic and political crisis left by more than a quarter of a century of the dictatorial regime of Ahmed Sekou Touré in Guinea. Explores the potential social, political, and economic ways and means of facing up to and managing the present crisis. 6091 Boulet, Jean, and Jean-Claude Talineau. "Eléments de l'occupation du milieu rural et système de production agricole au Fouta Djalon (République de Guinée): tentative de diagnostic d'évolution." Cahiers des sciences humaines 24, no. 1 ( 1988) : 99-117. tables. SUBJECTS: Farming system, Population density, Land-use policy, Case study. Describes the farming system in Guinea as stable over time but notes certain increases in population, decreases in farm size, and the reduction of livestock available for animal traction. 6092 Decraene, Philippe. "Retour de Guinée ou Conakry à l'heure de l'OUA." L'Afrique et l'Asie modernes 139 (1983): 17-34. SUBJECTS: International relations, Regional integration, Islamic society, Arab nations. KEYWORDS: Touré, Ahmed Sekou; OAU. 6093 Doré, Ansoumane. Economie et société en République de Guinée : 1958-1984. Chenove, France: Bayardère, 1986. 518 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Development planning, Agricultural production, Industrial production. KEYWORDS: Touré, Ahmed

Sekou; PDG (Parti Démocratique de Guinée). Addresses the context of Guinea's economic development policies both during and after Ahmed Sekou Touré's government. 6094 Goerg, Odile. "Les Mouvements de jeunesse en Guinée: de la colonisation à la constitution de la JRDA." In: Le Mouvement associatif des jeunes en Afrique noire francophone au XXe siècle, edited by Hélène d'Almeida-Topor and Odile Goerg. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1989. 19-51 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Youth issues, Historical analysis, Nonformal education, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: JRDA (Jeunesse du Rassemblement Démocratique Africain); France-Guinea relations. Explores the evolution of the youth organization movement in Guinea from colonial times to the postindependence era. Studies the origins and structure of the different youth organizations from their multiplication in the last decades of colonialism to the unique organization of the one-party political system of the independence era. 6095 Government of Guinea. Economic Seminar on Guinea: Disarmament, Development and International Cooperation. Conakry, Guinea: Bureau de Presse de la Présidence, November 1982. 157 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Foreign investment, Agricultural development, Military budget. KEYWORDS: Toure, Ahmed Sekou; OAU; PDG (Parti Démocratique de Guinée); Guinea Economic Development Plan 1981-1985; Mifergui-Nimba Project. 6096 Gowan, Susan Jean, ed. Portuguese-Speaking Africa, 1900-1979: A Select Bibliography: Volume Three: Portuguese Guinea/Guinea Bissau, Cape Verde, Sao Tomé e Principe, Portuguese-Speaking Africa as a Whole. Vol. 3 of 4. Braamfontein, RSA: South African Institute of International Affairs, 1982.350 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Guinea-Bissau, Cape Verde. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Political independence, International relations, Economic development. 6097 Suret-Canale, Jean. "Conakry, capitale de la Guinée." In: Processus d'urbanisation en Afrique, volume 2, edited by Catherine Coquery-Vidrovitch. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1988. 93-103 pp. SUBJECTS: Urban development, Socialist government. KEYWORDS: Conakry, Guinea. Questions to what extent a country's history marks the evolution of its cities. Shows how Conakry has grown and evolved into the Guinean capital and in what respects Conakry both resembles and is distinguishable from other African metropolises. 6098 Yansané, Aguibou Y. Decolonization in West African States, with French Colonial Legacy: Comparison and Contrast: Development in Guinea, the Ivory Coast, andSenegal, 1945-1980. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Schenkman, 1984.540 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Côte d'Ivoire, Senegal. SUBJECTS: Decolonization, Economic development, International relations, One-party system. KEYWORDS: African socialism; ECOWAS; CEAO. SEE ALSO 6120, 6933.

Human/Civil Rights

6099 Ba, Ardo Ousmane. Camp Boiro, sinistre geöle de Sekou Toure. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1986. 276 pp. SUBJECTS: Civil rights, Human rights, Political prisoners. KEYWORDS: Camp Boiro, Guinea; Toure, Ahmed Sekou; penal system. The personal account of one man's experience in Camp Boiro, a major prison in the Republic of Guinea.

GUINEA/Rural Development • 4 1 3

Industry

SEE ALSO 15171.

Legal System

his attempt to impose total control over the state has caused Guinea's downfall. 6104 Schmidt, U. "The development of ideological concepts regarding local organs of power in the revolutionary People's Republic of Guinea." In: African Studies: Afrika-Studien, edited by Gerhard Brehme and Thea Büttner. Berlin, West Germany: Akademie-Verlag, 1983. 217-228 pp. SUBJECTS: Political analysis, Socialism, Local government, Decentralization. KEYWORDS: PDG (Parti Démocratique de Guinée); Toure, Ahmed Sekou. SEE ALSO 2682, 5066, 5072, 5980, 6027, 6132, 6134, 6962.

6100 Article 19 Research and Information Centre on Censorship. Freedom of Information and Expression in Guinea: A Commentary on the Report Submitted to the Human Rights Committee by the Government of Guinea. London: Article 19 Research and Information Centre on Censorship, 1989. 22 pp. SUBJECTS: Freedom of expression, Mass media, Constitution, Legal system, Censorship. KEYWORDS: International Covenent on Civil and Political Rights. Reviews the human rights report produced by the government of Guinea on its own record. Welcomes government aims to establish a better record. Notes the absence of both constitutional rights and an independent media and the presence of censorship and secret trials. SEE ALSO 2328.

Military Affairs

6101 Pachter, Elise Forbes. "Contra-Coup: Civilian control of the military in Guinea, Tanzania and Mozambique." The Journal of Modern African Studies 20, no. 4 (December 1982): 595-612. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania, Mozambique. SUBJECTS: National security, Armed forces, Nationalization, Socialism. KEYWORDS: Touré, Ahmed Sekou; Nyerere, Julius K.; FRELIMO.

Politics

6102 Diallo, Sory. "Guinée: l'anl de la reconstruction." Géopolitique africaine (March 1986): 153-169. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Coup d'etat, Military government, Human rights, Civilian government, Democratization, Economic reform. KEYWORDS: CMRN (Comité Militaire de Redressement National); Conté, Lansana. Examines the position in which Guinea found itself after the overthrow of Ahmed Sekou Touré after twenty-six years of rule. Addresses movements toward democratization and civilian rule, increased respect for human rights, administrative reform, and planned liberalism. 6103 Kaba, Lansine. "From colonialism to autocracy: Guinea under Sekou Toure, 1957-1984." In: Decolonization and African Independence: The Transfers of Power, 1960-1980, edited by Presser Gifford and Wm. Roger Louis. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1988.225-244 pp. SUBJECTS: Leadership analysis, Decolonization, Independence movement, Political parties, Authoritarian government. KEYWORDS: PDG (Parti Démocratique de Guinée); Touré, Ahmed Sekou. Reassesses Ahmed Sekou Touré's rule in Guinea and discusses the basis for his mass support despite inefficient policies. Argues that

Private Sector

6105 Goerg, Odile. "Les Entreprises guinéennes de commerce: destruction ou adaptation (fin XIX s.—1913)." In: Actes du Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique: XIX et XX siècles, volume 1, edited by Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique, XIX et XX siècles. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1983. 165-179 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Commercial sector, Trade relations, Entrepreneurship. KEYWORDS: Dioulas people.

Regionalism/Nationalism

SEE ALSO 6971, 6972, 6973.

Rural Development

6106 Derman,Bill. "The political economy of rural Guinea: Speculations on the changing peasantry of the Fouta-Djallon." African Studies Association Papers 29, no. 26 (October/November 1986): 1-16. SUBJECTS: Political economy studies, Rural development, Peasant society, Commercial sector, Ethnicity. KEYWORDS: PDG (Parti Démocratique de Guinée); FAPA (Les Fermes d'Arrondissements Agro-Pastorales); Touré, Ahmed Sekou; Fouta-Djallon, Guinea. Addresses the agrarian crisis in rural Guinea during the Sekou Touré years. Analyzes the peasant response to exploitation, arguing that it was not Touré's policies that drove the country back to a subsistence economy. 6107 Hecht, Robert M. "Salvage anthropology: The redesign of a rural development project in Guinea." In: Anthropology and Rural Development in West Africa, edited by Michael M. Horowitz and Thomas M. Painter. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1986. 13-26 pp. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Anthropological analysis, Smallholder agriculture, Peasant society. KEYWORDS: Malinke people; USAID; Tindo, Guinea; Guinea Agricultural Production Capacity and Development Project. Details the work of an anthropologist asked to redesign a faltering project based on transferring US techniques and equipment to Guinea. Analyzes the needs and characteristics of the area in order to propose a development that would not cause debt or hardship among smallscale producers.

4 1 4 • GUINEA-B IS S AU/Agriculture

GUINEA-BISSAU Agriculture

Focuses on Guinea-Bissau, Cape Verde, Angola, and Mozambique.

6108 Caballero, Lorenzo, and Katarina Carlqvist. Guinea-Bissau: A Bibliography Covering the Rural Secor with Emphasis on the Period after 1975. Uppsala, Sweden: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 1984. 91 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Rural development, Agricultural development, Nutrition, Food production, Education system, Fishing industry.

6114 Galli, Rosemary E. "Liberalisation is not enough: Structural adjustment and peasants in Guinea-Bissau." Review of African Political Economy 49 (Winter 1990): 52-68. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Peasant economy, Agrarian economy, Economic reform, Rural-urban relations. KEYWORDS: economic liberalization. Argues that structural adjustment has not improved the situation of rural producers because of the disarticulation of the city from the countryside. States that adjustment is needed but that it must be paired with other nonmarket reforms to stimulate investment. Maintains that economic reform has strengthened the role of the state.

6109 Funk, Ursula. "Land tenure, agriculture, and gender in GuineaBissau." In: Agriculture, Women, and Land: The African Experience, edited by Jean Davison. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1988. 33-58 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Land tenure system, Resource distribution, Agricultural sector, Land reform, Gender relations. KEYWORDS: Oio Region, Guinea-Bissau; Bejaa people; Balanta Brassa people. Analyzes gender differences in access to resources, illustrating the ways the differences vary across ethnic groups. Argues that cultural ideology about women's and men's roles is a critical factor in determining the ways that gender relations of production are ordered in a given society and must be considered in development planning.

Colonialism

6110 Fogel, D. Africa in Struggle: National Liberation and Proletarian Revolution. Seattle, Washington: Ism, 1982. 468 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Africa. SUBJECTS: National liberation movement, Colonialism, Class struggle, Neocolonialism, Pan-Africanism, Nationalism. KEYWORDS: Bonapartism; Cabrai, Amilcar; OAU. 6111 McCulloch, Jock. In the Twilight of the Revolution : The Political Theory of Amilcar Cabrai. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1983. 159 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Guinea, Cape Verde. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Class analysis, Imperialism, Nationalism, Marxism. KEYWORDS: Cabrai, Amilcar; Lusophone Africa. 6112 Mengue Me Engouang. "La Guinée-Bissau et le droit de la décolonisation." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique 91, no. 773 (July/September 1981): 16-33. SUBJECTS: Decolonization, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: PAIGC; Portugal-Guinea-Bissau relations.

SEE ALSO 3903, 3904.

Education

6115 Carr-Hill, Roy, and Gunilla Rosengart. Education in GuineaBissau 1978-81: The Impact of Swedish Assistance. Bissau, GuineaBissau: Ministry of National Education, 1982. 152 pp. SUBJECTS: Education system, Research methodology, Economic development, Foreign aid, Education policy. KEYWORDS: Sweden-Guinea-Bissau relations.

Foreign Relations

6116 Houser, George M. No One Can Stop the Rain: Glimpses of Africa'sLiberation Struggle. New York: Pilgrim, 1989.388 pp. ALSO COVERS: Africa. SUBJECTS: Pan-Africanism, National liberation movement, Foreign policy, Sanctions. KEYWORDS: Nkrumah, Kwame; MPLA; Cabral, Amilcar; Mondlane, Eduardo; POLISARIO. Deals with the period of Africa's progress toward independence. Examines liberation struggles, including divisions among African movements and leaders. Provides in particular an overview of the independence of Portuguese colonies.

General

SEE ALSO 347, 3899, 3900.

Economics

6113 Galli, Rosemary E. "Food crisis and the socialist state in Lusophone Africa." The African Studies Review 30, no. 1 (March 1987): 19-44. tables. ALSO COVERS: Cape Verde, Angola. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Economic policy, Peasant class, Socialist economy. KEYWORDS: Lusophone Africa. Explores the development of the agricultural sector in postindependent Portuguese-speaking states in Africa, concluding that government policy in those countries is at the heart of the food crisis.

6117 Chabal, Patrick. "Guinée Bissau, Cap Vert: histoire et politique." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 190/191 (1981): 119-139. ALSO COVERS: Cape Verde. SUBJECTS: Coup d'état, Liberation movement, Decolonization. KEYWORDS: Cabral, Luis de Almeida; PAIGC; Cabral, Amilcar. 6118 Chabal, Patrick. "National liberation in Portuguese Guinea, 1956-1974." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 80, no. 318 (January 1981): 75-99. SUBJECTS: National liberation movement, Military policy, C o l o n i a l i s m , Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: PAIGC; Cabral, Amilcar. 6119 Decraene, Philippe. "La Guinée-Bissau, république populaire

GUINEA-BISSAU/Planning and D e v e l o p m e n t • 4 1 5 en voie de libéralisation." L'Afrique et l'Asie modernes 158 (1988): 54-62. ALSO COVERS : Senegal. SUBJECTS : Political participation, Civil war, Liberation movement, Rural population, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: industrial waste; PAIGC; Vieira, Joao Bernardo; Cabrai, Amflcar; Senegal-Guinea-Bissau relations. Discusses Guinea-Bissau ' s border disputes with Senegal, as well as toxic waste dumping projects within Guinea-Bissau. Assesses the rise to power of PAIGC from a liberation movement to a ruling political party in light of the current economic and political climates in Guinea-Bissau.

lages and 24,000 families and seeks to implement a health program and credit system. Criticizes the program for poor quality.

6120 Galli, Rosemary E., and Jocelyn Jones. Guinea-Bissau: Politics, Economics and Society. London: Frances Pinter, 1987. 217 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Senegal, Guinea. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Rural planning policy, Trade policy, National liberation movement, State power. KEYWORDS: Cabrai, Amflcar; PAIGC; Democratic Union of the Women of Guinea. Presents an account of the political, economic, and social development of Guinea-Bissau from precolonial times to the present; examines the present situation of the country.

6127 de Jong, J. T. V. M. "Jangue Jangue: la politique par le bas en Guinée-Bissau." Politique africaine no. 28 (December 1987): 108112. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Traditional society, Health care system, Traditional medicine. KEYWORDS: Balante people; Jangue Jangue. Examines the relationship between the Balante practice of Jangue Jangue and the Guinea-Bissau government. Assesses the political implications of Jangue Jangue in terms of the traditional elite, the indigenous populations, and the Guinea-Bissau government.

6121 Galli, Rosemary E. "The political economy of Guinea-Bissau: Second thoughts." Africa: Journal of the International African Institute/Revue de l'Institut Africain International 59, no. 3 (1989): 371-380. SUBJECTS: Political economy studies, Government analysis, Peasant society. KEYWORDS: peasant-state relations. Examines the relations of production and exchange and the class exploitation of rural workers by state officials. Provides a historical reading of the social bases of power in Guinea-Bissau. Lists several inappropriate dichotomies posited about the political economy, including that between strong and weak states. 6122 Kennedy, James H. "Jose Carlos Schwartz: Bard of popular mobilization in Guinea Bissau." Présence africaine 137/138 (1986): 91-101. SUBJECTS: Arts, Colonialism, Political ideology, National liberation movement. KEYWORDS: political literature; PortugalGuinea-Bissau relations; griot; Schwartz, Jose Carlos. States that Jose Carlos Schwartz's works were largely unknown outside of Guinea-Bissau, but that within Guinea-Bissau he played an important role in the liberation struggle of the 1970s. Follows his life and examines the influence of his poetry on Guinea-Bissau's liberation movement. 6123 Lopes, Carlos. Ethnie, état et rapports de pouvoir en GuinéeBissau. Geneva, Switzerland: Institut Universitaire d'Etudes du Développement, 1983. 117 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Ethnicity, Ethnie politics. KEYWORDS: Cabrai, Amflcar. 6124 McCulloch, Jock. "Amilcar Cabrai: A theory of imperialism." The Journal of Modern African Studies 19, no. 3 (September 1981): 503-511. ALSO COVERS: Africa. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Imperialism, Marxism. KEYWORDS: Cabrai, Amflcar. 6125 Mettas, Jean. La Guinée portugaise au XXème siècle. Paris: Académie des Sciences d'Outre Mer, 1984. 128 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Nationalism, Colonialism, Traditional society, Civil war. KEYWORDS: Portugal-Guinea-Bissau relations; PAIGC. 6126 Olsson, Jan, Lars Smedman, and Goran Widerstrom. Extensive Rural Development: An Evaluation of the Zone I Programme in Guinea-Bissau. Stockholm, Sweden: SIDA, 1987. 152 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Agricultural cooperatives, Credit policy, Development planning, Project design, Public health. KEYWORDS: Zone-I Program; SIDA (Swedish International Development Authority). Discusses the Zone I program developed in 1981 and funded jointly by the Guinea-Bissau government and SIDA. Describes the program in integrated rural development, which extends to 600 vil-

SEE ALSO 1896,4606, 6096,12867,15543.

Health

Media and Culture

SEE ALSO 12036.

Military Affairs

6128 Bienen, Henry. "Armed forces and national modernization: Continuing the debate." Comparative Politics 16, no. 1 (October 1983): 1-16. ALSO COVERS: West Africa, East Africa. SUBJECTS: Armed forces, Military policy, Modernization. KEYWORDS: civilmilitary relations.

Planning and Development

6129 Davila, Julio D. Shelter, Poverty and African Revolutionary Socialism: Human Settlements in Guinea Bissau. Washington, DC: International Institute for Environment and Development, 1987. 97 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Housing policy, Historical analysis, Poverty, Population distribution, Socialism, Nongovernmental organization. KEYWORDS: Guinea-Bissau First Four Year Development Plan 1983-1986; PAIGC; Cabral, Amflcar. Provides a historical analysis of Guinea-Bissau and then examines the country's economic and development policies since independence, with a focus on the changes in housing and living conditions. 6130 Davila, Julio D. "Guinea Bissau's socialism." Third World Planning Review 9, no. 3 (August 1987): 255-273. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Standard of living, National planning policy, Housing policy, Social services, Infrastructure. KEYWORDS: PAIGC. Examines the difficulties faced by Guinea-Bissau's two postindependence revolutionary governments in formulating and implementing development strategy under harsh budgetary and economic constraints. Devotes particular attention to PAIGC's housing, urban, and regional policies and their low priority.

416

• G U I N E A - B I S S A U / P l a n n i n g and D e v e l o p m e n t

6131 Hochet, Anne-Marie. Paysanneries en attente: Guinée-Bissau. Dakar, Senegal: ENDA, 1983. 174 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Development planning, Rural development, Peasant society, Development planning. KEYWORDS: rice; Fulani people.

Politics

6132 Chabal, Patrick. Amilcar Cabrai: Revolutionary Leadership and People's War. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1983.272 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Guinea, Angola. SUBJECTS: National liberation movement, Biography, Political theory, Colonialism, Political ideology, Class analysis. KEYWORDS: Cabrai, Amilcar; Lusophone Africa; PAIGC. 6133 Chabal, Patrick. "Party, state and socialism in Guinea Bissau." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 17, no. 2 (1983): 189-210. SUBJECTS: Political parties, National liberation movement, Socialism, Revolutionary movement, Political ideology. KEYWORDS: Cabrai, Luis de Almeida; Cabrai, Amilcar; PAIGC. 6134 Chabal, Patrick. "The social and political thought of Amilcar Cabrai: A reassessment." The Journal of Modern African Studies 19, no. 1 (March 1981): 31-56. ALSO COVERS: Guinea, West Africa. S U B J E C T S : P o l i t i c a l i d e o l o g y , Class analysis, M a r x i s m , Nationalism, Cultural identity. KEYWORDS: Cabrai, Amilcar. 6135 Derman, William. "Structural distancing of state from society in post-independent Guinea Bissau." African Studies Association Papers 28, no. 35 (November 1985): 1-20. SUBJECTS: Government analysis, Rural development, Resource distribution, Elite analysis, Government bureaucracy. 6136 Forrest, Joshua B. "Guinea-Bissau since independence: A decade of domestic power struggles." The Journal of Modern African Studies 25, no. 1 (March 1987): 95-116. SUBJECTS: Class analysis, Ethnic politics, Leadership analysis, Coup d'état, Power politics. KEYWORDS: Cabrai, Amilcar; Guinea-Bissau coup d'état 1980; Vieira, Joao Bernardo. States that the optimistic hopes for Guinea-Bissau's future as generated by Cabrai's writings have been disappointed. Argues that the analytical frameworks of class and ideology, set forth by Cabrai himself, are less applicable to Guinea-Bissau than is a framework of institutional, ethnic, and leadership competition. Examines the reasons for the coup that brought Vieira to power. 6137 Lopes, Carlos. Guinea-Bissau: From Liberation Struggle to Independent Statehood, translated by Michael Wolfers, Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1987. 194 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: A n g o l a , M o z a m b i q u e . S U B J E C T S : Political participation, N a t i o n a l i s t m o v e m e n t , State f o r m a t i o n , M a r x i s t analysis, Neocolonialism, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: Cabrai, Amilcar; PAIGC. Emphasizes an understanding of the transition process of Guineau-Bissau from its national liberation movement to formation of the state. Deals with the difficulties faced during the transition and reassesses the PAIGC's role in the struggle. 6138 Rudebeck, Lars. Problèmes de pouvoir populaire et de développement. 63. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1982. 73 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Socialism, Coup d'état, Military government. KEYWORDS: PAIGC.

6139 Shauro, E. A. "The level of political consciousness of the younger generation in Guinea-Bissau: Some findings of field studies." Africa in Soviet Studies (1983): 104-118. tables. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Youth issues, Mass media, Socialism, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: popular opinion. SEE ALSO 2701, 2716, 2717, 2748, 2762, 2917, 2970, 4609, 7828, 7829,15205.

Rural Development

6140 Geisslhofer, Hans. Planification villageoise en Guinée Bissau. Dakar, Senegal: ENDA, 1981. 25 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Village development, Rural development. 6141 Rudebeck, Lars. "Kandjadja, Guinea-Bissau 1976-1986 observations on the political economy of an African village." Review of African Political Economy 41 (September 1988): 17-29. SUBJECTS: Political economy studies, Rural development, Socialism, Peasant society, Agricultural production, Health service, Bourgeoisie. KEYWORDS: Vieira, Joao Bernardo; Kandjadja, GuineaBissau. Discusses the basic failures of the transition to socialism as not creating a peasant-based strategy of rural development, not sustaining popular participation, and not ensuring that the state represents the interests of workers and peasants. Examines the centralization of power and the concomitant erosion of local power. 6142 Rudebeck, Lars. "The effects of structural adjustment in Kandjadja, Guinea-Bissau." Review of African Political Economy 49 (Winter 1990): 34-51. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Peasant economy, Economic analysis, Village development, Rural population. KEYWORDS: peanuts; Kandjadja, Guinea-Bissau. Details the social, economic, and political effects of structural adjustment in one village. Argues that structural adjustment undermines family and kinship networks as well as official social security networks. Predicts that such efforts will lead to the pursuit of traditional solutions.

Social Movement

6143 Davidson, Basil. No Fist Is Big Enough to Hide the Sky: The Liberation of Guinea Bissau and Cape Verde: Aspects of an African Revolution. London: Zed, 1981.187 pp. maps. ALSO COVERS: Cape Verde. SUBJECTS: National liberation movement. KEYWORDS: PAIGC.

Women and Gender

6144 Urdang, Stephanie. "The role of women in the revolution in Guinea-Bissau." In: The Black Woman Cross-Culturally, edited by Filomina Chioma Steady. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Schenkman, 1981. 119-140 pp. SUBJECTS: Women's political role, Gender relations, National liberation movement. KEYWORDS: women's military role; PAIGC.

KENYA/Agriculture

•

417

KENYA Agriculture

6145 Akong'a, Joshua. "Drought and famine management in Kitui District, Kenya." In: Anthropology of Development and Change in East Africa, edited by Peter Little and David Brokensha. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1988. 99-120 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Famine, Drought, Subsistence economy, Agricultural development, Environmental degradation. KEYWORDS: Kitui District, Kenya. Describes the history of droughts and famines in the Kitui District of Kenya since the nineteenth century. Explains why these famines have occurred, what the actions of the government have been, and what can be done in the future to prevent larger famines. 6146 Anyango, George J., Thomas E. Downing, Carolyn Getao, and M. Gitahi. "Drought and vulnerability in central and eastern Kenya." In: Coping with Drought in Kenya: National and Local Strategies, edited by Thomas E. Downing, Kangethe W. Gitu, and Crispin M. Kamau. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1989.169-210 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Drought, Food scarcity, Agricultural sector. KEYWORDS: Kikuyu people; Kenya drought 1984/1985; central Kenya; eastern Kenya. Introduces definitions of hunger and vulnerability to drought, including information on six districts: Kiambu, Murang'a, Kirinyaga, Embu, Machakos, and Kitui. Looks at food shortage, food poverty, and food deprivation. Presents estimates of the numbers of people vulnerable to hunger in an average year and during the 1984 food crisis. 6147 Ayiemba, Elias H. O., Ben E. Kipkorir, and J. W. Ssennyonga, eds. South Nyanza District Socio-Cultural Profile: A Joint Research and Training Project of the Ministry of Planning and National Development, and the Institute of African Studies, University of Nairobi. Nairobi, Kenya: Institute of African Studies, University of Nairobi, 1986. 206 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Anthropological analysis, Political history, Division of labor, Land tenure system, Agricultural sector, Traditional society. KEYWORDS: South Nyanza District, Kenya. One of a series of sociocultural profiles of Kenyan political districts. Focuses on the traditional technologies and institutions that might aid development planners in the implementation of development plans.

Famine, Agricultural development, Drought, Conflict. KEYWORDS: Kikuyu people; Meru District, Kenya; Mau Mau movement. Examines the relationship between the economics and politics of development. Traces the origins of political demands to the changing structure of Kenya's agrarian economy. Argues that institutions help to determine which economic demands become effective demands. 6151 Bates, Robert H. "From drought to famine in Kenya." In: Satisfying Africa's Food Needs: Food Production and Commercialization in African Agriculture, edited by Ronald Cohen. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1988. 103-119 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Drought, Famine, Food production. KEYWORDS: Kenya Maize Board. States that not all droughts in Kenya have become famines. Argues that three factors affect whether a drought becomes a famine: the magnitude of the drought, the population's vunerability to drought, and the management of food stocks. Suggests that public policy and political institutions are prime culprits in famines. 6152 Bates, Robert H. "The politics of food crises in Kenya." In: The Political Economy of Kenya, edited by Michael G. Schatzberg. New York: Praeger, 1987. 75-92 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Food scarcity, Smallholder agriculture, Cooperatives, Agricultural production, Political economy studies. KEYWORDS: Kakamega District, Kenya; Bungoma District, Kenya; maize; Trans Nzoia District, Kenya; Nandi District, Kenya. Demonstrates the commonalities and variations that prevailed in local-level responses to the food crises that resulted from the droughts of 1979-1980 and 1984-1985. Uses the maize crisis to explore the distinct political geographies of Kenya. Links subsistence crises to the consolidation of political power. 6153 Berger, Peter. Rainfall and Agroclimatology of the Laikipia Plateau, Kenya. Berne, Switzerland: Geographica Bernesia and Geographical Society of Berne, 1989. 102 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Water supply, Environmental analysis, Agricultural research. KEYWORDS: rain-fed agriculture; climate; rainfall. Discusses the climatic setting within which small-scale farming takes place. Assesses rainfall data, presents spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall, and analyzes distribution levels for specific times of planting and for specific crop selections (including maize, beans, peas, and potatoes) and alternatives (millet and barley).

6148 Bake, Gemot. "Drought and its implications for water supply in northern Kenya." In: Coping with Drought in Kenya: National and Local Strategies, edited by Thomas E. Downing, Kangethe W. Gitu, and Crispin M. Kamau. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1989. 141-150 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Drought, Water supply, Pastoralism. KEYWORDS: Marsabit District, Kenya. Assesses the vulnerability to drought among pastoralists and their coping strategies.

6154 Bourmaud, Daniel, and Dominique Darbon. "La politique du pain: les mots et les choses (Kenya et Zimbabwe)." Politique africaine no. 37 (March 1990): 32-44. ALSO COVERS: Zimbabwe. SUBJECTS : Food policy, Hunger, Political control, Food production, Land distribution. Analyzes the shortcomings of food policy in Zimbabwe and Kenya. Defines food policy, looks at the roots of hunger, the management of social demands, and land constraints.

6149 Barnes, Carolyn. "Food and energy: Some causes of the increasing scarcities." African Studies Association Papers 26, no. 17 (December 1983): 1-14. SUBJECTS: Food scarcity, Energy use, Women's studies, Division of labor, Agricultural sector, Land tenure system, Smallholder agriculture. KEYWORDS: Kisii District, Kenya; firewood; reforestation.

6155 Burley, Jeffrey. Obstacles to Tree Planting in Arid and SemiArid Lands: Comparative Case Studies from India and Kenya. Tokyo, Japan: UN University, 1982. 52 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Forestry industry, Environmental analysis, Agricultural technology, Agricultural research, Agricultural policy. KEYWORDS: agroforestry; reforestation.

6150 Bates, Robert H. Beyond the Miracle of the Market: The Political Economy of Agrarian Development in Kenya. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1989.203 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS:

6156 Campbell, David, and S. E. Migot-Adholla, eds. The Development of Kenya's Semi-Arid Lands. Nairobi, Kenya: Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi, January 1981. 244 pp.

418 • KEN Y A/Agriculture biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Agricultural development, Land-use policy, Resource distribution, Development planning, Irrigation. KEYWORDS: dryland farming. 6157 Campbell, David J. "Kajiado District—a case study." In: The Development of Kenya's Semi-Arid Lands, edited by David J. Campbell and S. E. Migot-Adholla. Nairobi, Kenya: Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi, January 1981. 212-237 pp. SUBJECTS: Pastoralism, Development planning, Land-use policy, Subsistence economy, Population growth, Livestock production. KEYWORDS: off-farm income; Maasai people; Kajiado District, Kenya. 6158 Chege, Michael. 'The political economy of agrarian change in central Kenya." In: The Political Economy of Kenya, edited by Michael G. Schatzberg. New York: Praeger, 1987. 93-116 pp. SUBJECTS : Agrarian reform, Smallholder agriculture, Income inequality, Literature review, Income distribution, Education opportunity, Land distribution. KEYWORDS: off-farm income; agrarian capitalism. Reviews the large amount of academic literature on the growth, income distribution, and productivity of smallholder agriculture in the Central Province of Kenya. Concludes that off-farm income and educational opportunity are major determinants of agricultural innovation and incomes and that economic inequality is growing in rural areas. 6159 Christiansson, Carl, and Bo Strand, eds. Geographical Studies in Highland Kenya, 1983: A Report from a Geographical Field Course in Endarasha and Othaya, Nyeri District, April 1983. Stockholm, Sweden: Departments of Physical and Human Geography, 1983. 316 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Geographical analysis, Rural development, Farming system, Land tenure system, Women's studies, Household analysis, Population growth. KEYWORDS: Kenyan highlands; Endarasha, Kenya; Othaya, Kenya; Nyeri District, Kenya; KPCU (Kenya Planters Co-operative Union). 6160 Cohen, John M., and David B. Lewis. "Role of government in combatting food shortages: Lessons from Kenya." In: Drought and Hunger in Africa: Denying Famine a Future, edited by Michael H. Glantz. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1987. 269-296 pp. SUBJECTS: Famine, Food scarcity, Agricultural development, N o n g o v e r n m e n t a l o r g a n i z a t i o n , Policy r e c o m m e n d a t i o n . KEYWORDS: drought-response policy; food imports; food distribution. Discusses formulating an effective strategy for anticipating and responding to the periodic threat of large-scale food shortages. Analyzes the actions of the Kenyan government during and after the 1984 drought. Reveals several disadvantages inherent in international recommendations for planning and capacity-building. 6161 Collier, Paul. Contractual Constraints upon the Processes of Labour Exchange in Rural Kenya. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1983.46 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Labor market, Smallholder agriculture, Land tenure system, Land distribution, Poverty, Resource distribution, Commodity production. KEYWORDS: peasant agriculture; land acquisition; contract law. 6162 Cowen, Michael. "Commodity production in Kenya's Central Province." In: Rural Development in Tropical Africa, edited by Judith Heyer, Pepe Roberts, and Gavin Williams. New York: St. Martin's, 1981.121-142 pp. SUBJECTS: Commodity production, Agricultural production, Rural development, Peasant economy, Household analysis, Livestock production. KEYWORDS: wattle crop; tea; dairy fanning; Swynnerton Plan 1955; Central Province, Kenya. 6163 Cowen, Michael P. 'The commercialization of food production in Kenya after 1945." In: Imperialism, Colonialism, and Hunger: East and Central Africa, edited by Robert I. Rotberg. Lexington, Mas-

sachusetts: Lexington, 1983. 199-223 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Food production, Commercial agriculture, Economic development policy, Nutrition, Household analysis, Consumption pattern. KEYWORDS: Central Province, Kenya. 6164 Curry, Jr., Robert L. "Global economy's impact on planning in Kenya and Sudan." Journal of African Studies 9, no. 2 (Summer 1982): 76-82. tables. ALSO COVERS: Sudan. SUBJECTS: Economic development, International economic system, Food policy, Export policy, Export market, Nutrition, Agricultural production. 6165 Davies, Susanna. "Plantations and the rural economy: Poverty, employment and food security in Kenya." Institute of Development Studies Bulletin 18, no. 2 (April 1987): 15-20. SUBJECTS: Plantation economy, Food production, Rural poverty, Employment, Land distribution. KEYWORDS: tea. Discusses the links between plantation workers and the rural economy. Compares basic needs satisfaction on the plantations and in the plantation workers' original areas. Explores the arguments for employing the landless on plantations. Reviews food security among plantation workers and the poor. 6166 Davison, Jean. "'Without land we are nothing': The effect of land tenure policies and practices upon rural women in Kenya." Rural Africana no. 27 (Winter 1987): 19-33. SUBJECTS: Land tenure system, Women's rights, Agricultural production, Property rights, Historical analysis, Marriage. Examines attitudes toward land and land tenure that have been detrimental to women farmers in Kenya. Describes the relationship between a woman's marital status and her access to land. Argues for a change in agricultural priorities in favor of women. 6167 Davison, Jean. "Who owns what? Land registration and tensions in gender relations of production in Kenya." In: Agriculture, Women, and Land: The African Experience, edited by Jean Davison. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1988.157-176 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Land tenure system, Women's rights, Household analysis, Land tenure system, Resource distribution, Marriage, Gender relations. KEYWORDS: Mutira, Kenya; Chwele, Kenya. Reviews significant land tenure policies at the national level that have proved detrimental to women's rights. Discusses the impact of land registration in Mutira and Chwele and the resulting changes in women's production. Isolates marital status as a key factor in determining women's access to and control of land. 6168 Dietz, Ton. Pastoralists in Dire Straits: Survival Strategies and External Interventions in a Semi-Arid Region at the Kenya/Uganda Border: Western Pokot, 1900-1986. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Universiteit Van Amsterdam, 1987.324 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Uganda. SUBJECTS: Pastoralism, Geographical analysis, Ecological analysis, Population distribution, Land-use policy, Livestock production, Agricultural marketing. KEYWORDS: human carrying capacity; West Pokot District, Kenya. Describes the socioeconomic developments going on in semiarid areas of Kenya, using the model of human carrying capacity. Argues that this approach bridges the gap between human and physical geography and provides the key to understanding the impact of variability and crises on the economy of semiarid areas. 6169 Downing, Thomas E., Kangethe W. Gitu, and Crispin M. Kamau, eds. Coping with Drought in Kenya: National and Local Strategies. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1989. 411 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Drought, Agricultural production, Water supply, Nutrition, Famine, Food policy, Nongovernmental organization. KEYWORDS: Maasai people; Embu District, Kenya; Samburu people; Kenya drought 1984-1985. Provides an overview of the 1984-1985 drought and national responses in Kenya. Extracts lessons from institutional drought

KENYA/Agriculture management. Discusses drought and food policy in Kenya and Africa. 6170 Downing, Thomas E., Crispin M. Kamau, Kangethe W. Gitu, and John Borton. "Drought in Kenya." In: Coping with Drought in Kenya: National and Local Strategies, edited by Thomas E. Downing, Kangethe W. Gitu, and Crispin M. Kamau. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1989. 3-23 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Drought, Agricultural sector, Rural population. KEYWORDS: Kenya drought 19841985. Presents a framework for discussion of drought and an introduction to the geography of Kenya as it relates to vulnerability to drought and hunger. Describes the impact of the 1984-1985 drought. 6171 Evangelou, Phylo. Livestock Development in Kenya's Maasailand: Pastoralists' Transition to a Market Economy. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1984. 309 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Livestock production, State intervention, Market economy, Pastoralism, Agricultural marketing. KEYWORDS: Maasai people. 6172 Galaty, John G. "Land and livestock among Kenyan Maasai: Symbolic perspectives on pastoral exchange, social change and equality." Journal of Asian and African Studies 16, no. 1/2 (January/April 1981): 68-88. tables. SUBJECTS: Livestock production, Pastoralism, Monetary exchange, Land reform, Social change, Economic inequality. KEYWORDS: Maasai people. 6173 Galaty, John G., Dan Aronson, and Philip Carl Salzman, eds. The Future of Pastoral Peoples: Proceedings of a Conference Held in Nairobi, Kenya, 4-8 August 1980. Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre, 1981. 396 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Pastoralism, Political economy studies, Development planning, Livestock production, Rural development, Natural resource management.

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Presents a case study from two group ranches in southeastern Kajiado District. Focuses on the mobility response of semisedentary Maasai producers, with information from a more nomadic group presented for comparison. 6178 Greer, Joel, and Erik Thorbecke. Food Poverty and Consumption Patterns in Kenya. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1986. 170 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Food scarcity, Income distribution, Poverty, Consumption pattern, Smallholder agriculture, Household economy, Nutrition. KEYWORDS: child health; maize. Analyzes the food consumption pattern of Kenyan small-farm households at the provincial level, especially those whose consumption falls below the recommended daily allowance. Estimates food deprivation in these provinces. States that household income determines the level of food consumption. 6179 Greer, Joel, and Erik Thorbecke. "Food poverty profile applied to Kenyan smallholders." Economic Development and Cultural Change 35, no. 1 (October 1986): 115-141. tables. SUBJECTS: Food scarcity, Poverty, Smallholder agriculture, Household economy, Nutrition. KEYWORDS: poverty line. Uses mathematical models to assess the level of poverty and nutrition in Kenya. Claims that the poverty line is very high in Kenya. 6180 Gwynne, Michael D. "Issues in the development of Kenya's semi-arid areas." In: The Development of Kenya's Semi-Arid Lands, edited by David Campbell and S. E. Migot-Adholla. Nairobi, Kenya: Institute for Development Studies, 1981. 11-24 pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Integrated rural development, Development planning, Land-use policy, Mass communication, Population growth, Pastoralism. KEYWORDS: climate.

6175 Glazier, Jack. Land and the Uses of Tradition among the Mbeere of Kenya. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1985. 334 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Land tenure system, Kinship, Rural development, Traditional legal system, Land reform, Famine. KEYWORDS: elders council; Mbeere people.

6181 Gyllström, Björn. "Government versus agricultural marketing cooperatives in Kenya." In: Cooperatives Revisited, edited by Hans Hedlund. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1988. 37-69 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural cooperatives, Agricultural marketing, Cooperatives, Government bureaucracy, State intervention. KEYWORDS: Kenya Ministry of Cooperative Development; state-agriculture relations. Focuses on the major features of the policies, legislation, and government intervention directed toward agricultural marketing cooperatives in Kenya from 1963 to 1985. Discusses the consequences for the structure and performance of both cooperatives and government bureaucracy.

6176 Goldsmith, Paul. "The production and marketing of Miraa in Kenya." In: Satisfying Africa's Food Needs: Food Production and Commercialization in African Agriculture, edited by Ronald Cohen. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1988. 121-152 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Agricultural marketing, Rural development, Smallholder agriculture. KEYWORDS: Miraa (catha edulis) tree; Mera people; Katenga, Kenya; Lare, Kenya; Maua, Kenya. Describes the history of the marketing and production of the Miraa tree, traditionally valued for its medicinal properties and currently used as a commercial base for a number of products. Suggests that the development of the Miraa tree as a product points to the future success of African indigenous development efforts.

6182 Haugerud, Angelique. "Food surplus production, wealth, and farmers' strategies in Kenya." In: Satisfying Africa's Food Needs: Food Production and Commercialization in African Agriculture, edited by Ronald Cohen. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1988. 153-189 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Food production, Smallholder agriculture, Subsistence farming, Cash crop production, Household analysis, Agrarian economy. KEYWORDS: Embu District, Kenya; Embu people. Examines variations across seasons and among households in smallholder farmers' food production. Insists that farmers can and do produce food surpluses but choose to diversify rather than specialize. Argues that such subsistence orientation is a direct response to the uncertainties of the market and state.

6177 Grandin, Barbara E., Peter N. de Leeuw, and P. Lembuya. "Drought, resource distribution, and mobility in two Maasai group ranches, Southeastern Kajiado District." In: Coping with Drought in Kenya: National and Local Strategies, edited by Thomas E. Downing, Kangethe W. Gitu, and Crispin M. Kamau. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1989. 245-263 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Drought, Resource distribution, Livestock production, Behavioral analysis. KEYWORDS: Maasai people; Kajiado District, Kenya.

6183 Haugerud, Angelique. "Land tenure and agrarian change in Kenya." Africa: Journal of the International African Institute/Revue de l'lnstitut Africain International 59, no. 1 (1989): 61-90. biblio. SUBJECTS: Land tenure system, Privatization, Agrarian reform. KEYWORDS: Embu District, Kenya; Kikuyu people; agricultural innovation. Examines the way formal and informal land tenure interact to shape change. Argues that the formal privatization of land may have

6174 Galvin, Kathleen. "Seasonal food shortage among nomadic pastoral Turkana." African Studies Association Papers 26, no. 52 (December 1983): 1-14. tables. SUBJECTS: Food scarcity, Migration pattern, Subsistence economy, Traditional society, Livestock production, Consumption pattern. KEYWORDS: milk; grain.

420 • KEN Y A/Agriculture little effect on agrarian change, even if land is productive and scarce and income unequally distributed. States that the two systems interact in unpredictable ways. 6184 Hecklau, H. K. "Regional development and tsetse fly control in the Coast Province of Kenya." In: Health and Disease in Tropical Africa: Geographical and Medical Viewpoints, edited by Rais Akhtar. Chur, Switzerland: Harwood, 1987. 335-358 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Public health, Livestock production, Ecological analysis, Pastoralism, Regional development. KEYWORDS: tsetse fly control; Coast Province, Kenya; dairy farming. Discusses the impact of the tsetse fly on the Coast Province of Kenya and makes suggestions for tsetse control. Gives detailed descriptions of the distribution and habitats of the tsetse fly and predicts possible outcomes of effective eradication efforts. 6185 Hedlund, Hans. "A cooperative revisited in Kenya." In: Cooperatives Revisited, edited by Hans Hedlund. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1988. 15-35 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural cooperatives, Agricultural production. KEYWORDS: Kibirigwi Cooperative Society; coffee. Emphasizes the necessity of long-term studies in order to improve an understanding of change in a cooperative structure, local or national, as institutions of transmission between social and economic levels. Uses the Kibirigwi Cooperative Society, to illustrate that cooperatives can show considerable independence. 6186 Heyer, Judith. "Agricultural development policy in Kenya from the colonial period to 1975." In: Rural Development in Tropical Africa, edited by Judith Heyer, Pepe Roberts, and Gavin Williams. New York: St. Martin's, 1981. 90-120 pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Development policy, Rural development, Peasant economy, Smallholder agriculture. KEYWORDS: Swynnerton Plan 1954. 6187 Hjort, Anders. "Ethnic transformation, dependency, and change: The Ilgira Samburu of northern Kenya." Journal of Asian and African Studies 16, no. 1/2 (January/April 1981): 50-67. SUBJECTS: Ethnicity, Livestock production, Market economy, Capitalist economy, Pastoralism. KEYWORDS: Turkana people; Maasai people; Borana people; Rendille people; Samburu people. 6188 Hogg, Richard. "Changing perceptions of pastoral development: A case study from Turkana District, Kenya." In: Anthropology of Development and Change in East Africa, edited by Peter Little and David Brokensha. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1988. 183-199 pp. SUBJECTS: Pastoralism, Livestock production, Rural development, State intervention, Irrigation, Resettlement. KEYWORDS: Turkana District, Kenya; OXFAM. Examines pastoralism in the Turkana District of Kenya since the 1940s. Presents specific examples of government intervention such as grazing policy, resettlement, and irrigation. Highlights current development schemes, as well as research by OXFAM and other agencies. 6189 Hogg, Richard. "Settlement, pastoralism and the commons: The ideology and practice of irrigation development in northern Kenya." In: Conservation in Africa: People, Policies, and Practice, edited by David Anderson and Richard Grove. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987. 293-306 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Pastoralism, Irrigation. KEYWORDS: Iresa Bora Township, Kenya; Gefarsa Scheme, Kenya. Outlines attempts to bring irrigation to areas of traditional pastoralism. Describes the failure of those attempts and suggests reasons for it. Suggests there is no real alternative to pastoralism in Northern Kenya as a viable means of economic support. 6190 House, William J., and Tony Killick. "Social justice and

development policy in Kenya's rural economy." In: Agrarian Policies and Rural Poverty in Africa, edited by Dharam Ghai and Samir Radwan. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1983. 31-69 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Development policy, Rural planning policy, Rural poverty, Basic needs, Land distribution, Land tenure system, Agrarian economy. KEYWORDS: social justice. 6191 Hughes, F. M. R. "Fuel wood: A forgotten dimension of irrigation planning." In: Irrigation in Tropical Africa: Problems and Problem Solving, edited by W. M. Adams and A. T. Grove. Cambridge, UK: African Studies Centre, University of Cambridge, 1983. 50-66 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Africa. SUBJECTS: Irrigation, Agricultural development, Water supply, Forestry industry, Plantation economy. KEYWORDS: Bura Irrigation Settlement Scheme; firewood. 6192 Hunt, Diana. The Impending Crisis in Kenya: The Case for Land Reform. Aldershot, UK: Gower, 1984. 314 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Land reform, Agricultural development, Poverty, Smallholder agriculture, Employment, Income distribution, Credit policy. KEYWORDS: ILO report, 1981; agricultural credit; Eastern Province, Kenya; Mbere Division, Kenya. 6193 International Labour Organisation. Excess Manufacturing Capacity and Farm Equipment Needs in Kenya: Papers and Proceedings of a National Workshop on Farm Tools and Equipment Technology, Basic Needs and Employments. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1986.117 pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Livestock production, Manufacturing sector, Agricultural technology, Basic needs, Employment. KEYWORDS: agricultural mechanization; animal traction; metal industry. A collection of papers on farm equipment innovations, agricultural policy, local production of farm equipment, institutional structures, and the marketing of and demand for farm equipment. Recommends international cooperation and the removal of constraints on the wider use of farm technology. 6194 ISNAR (International Service for National Agricultural Research). Kenya's National Agricultural Research System. The Hague, Netherlands: ISNAR, 1981.169 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural research, Agricultural development, Development planning, Research and development, Livestock production, Cash crop production. KEYWORDS: NCST (National Council for Science and Technology). 6195 Jabara, Cathy L. "Agricultural pricing policy in Kenya." World Development 13, no. 5 (May 1985): 611-626. tables. SUBJECTS: Price policy, Agricultural production, Economic growth rate, Import policy, Cash crop production, Livestock production, Smallholder agriculture. KEYWORDS: agricultural imports; consumer prices; East African Industries; NCPB (National Cereal and Produce Board). 6196 Jabara, Cathy L. Agricultural Pricing Policy in Kenya. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard Institute for International Development, 1984. 41 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Price policy, Agricultural production, Livestock production, Cash crop production, Smallholder agriculture, Economic growth rate, Import policy. KEYWORDS: consumer prices; NCPB (National Cereal and Produce Board); East African Industries; agricultural imports. 6197 Kamau, Crispin M., George J. Anyango, M. Gitahi, Margaret Wainaina, and Thomas E. Downing. "Case studies of drought impacts and responses in central and eastern Kenya." In: Coping with Drought in Kenya: National and Local Strategies, edited by Thomas E. Downing, Kangethe W. Gitu, and Crispin M. Kamau. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1989. 211-230 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Drought, Behavioral analysis, Smallholder agriculture. KEYWORDS: Kenya drought 1984-1985; Murang'a District, Kenya; Kirinyaga District,

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Kenya; Machakos District, Kenya; Kitui District, Kenya. Describes the results of four case studies undertaken a year after the drought in order to provide more detail concerning smallholder drought-coping strategies and to specifically ask what people believed they could do to prevent drought or lessen its impact. 6198 Kennedy, Eileen, and Bruce Cogill. "Commercialization of agriculture and household-level food security: The case of southwestern Kenya." World Development 16, no. 9 (September 1988): 1075-1081. tables. SUBJECTS: Commercial agriculture, Subsistence farming, Export policy, Household analysis, Land distribution, Cash crop production, Food production. KEYWORDS: South Nyanza District, Kenya; caloric intake; southwestern Kenya; maize; sugarcane. Presents results from a 1984-1985 study in South Nyanza, Kenya, to evaluate the effects on household food security of shifting from maize to sugarcane production. Shows that household food security is not jeopardized by entry into commercial agriculture. Counters the conventional wisdom about decreasing food security. 6199 Kennedy, Eileen T., and Bruce Cogill. Income and Nutritional Effects of the Commercialization of Agriculture in Southwestern Kenya. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 1987. 60 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Commercial agriculture, Nutrition, Income distribution, Women's economic role, Mortality rate, Household economy, Food production. KEYWORDS: maize; sugarcane; South Nyanza District, Kenya. Evaluates the effects of a shift from smallholder to commercial agriculture. Analyzes the impact of that shift—from maize production to sugarcane—on agricultural production, income, expenditures, consumption, health, and nutritional status in the South Nyanza District. Discusses the effects on women. 6200 Kennedy, Eileen T., and Bruce Cogill. The Case of Sugarcane in Kenya: Part I: Effects of Cash Crop Production on Women's Income, Time Allocation, and Child Care Practices. East Lansing, Michigan: Michigan State University, 1988. 15 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Cash crop production, Women's economic role, Division of labor, Commercial agriculture, Children, Household analysis, Food production. KEYWORDS: South Nyanza District, Kenya; sugarcane; maize; child care. Evaluates the transition from maize to sugarcane production in the South Nyanza district. Analyzes the effects of agricultural commercialization on women's income, time allocation, and child care practices. 6201 Kennedy, Eileen T. The Effects of Sugarcane Production on Food Security, Health and Nutrition in Kenya: A Longitudinal Analysis. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 1989. 56 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Cash crop production, Commercial agriculture, Food scarcity, Nutrition, Public health. KEYWORDS: maternal and child health; sugarcane. Follows a group of farmers as they move from subsistence farming to sugarcane contracting, to harvesting it, and after. Examines the nutritional effects of this change from subsistence to commercial agriculture. Concludes that commercialization affects income positively and has no effect on nutrition. 6202 Kipkorir, B. E., and J. W. Ssennyonga. Kenya: Socio-Cultural Profiles: Busia District. Nairobi, Kenya: Ministry of Planning and National Development, 1986. 210 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Anthropological analysis, Traditional society, Technology, Land tenure system, Farming system. KEYWORDS: traditional industry; Busia District, Kenya; traditional technology. Provides planners and agencies with relevant sociocultural data on the Busia people in order that they may develop projects that do not conflict with the values of the people they serve. Includes a report on material culture, showing the deep knowledge local people have of their own environment.

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6203 Kipkorir, B. E., and J. W. Ssennyonga. Kenya: Socio-Cultural Profiles: MarsabitDistrict. Nairobi, Kenya: Ministry of Planning and National Development, 1986. 246 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Anthropological analysis, Traditional society, Farming system, Technology, Land tenure system, Development planning. KEYWORDS: Marsabit District, Kenya; traditional technology. Provides planners and agencies with relevant sociocultural data on the Marsabit people in order that they may develop projects that do not conflict with the values of the people they serve. States that planners can ensure participation by the people only if the people understand traditional values and technologies. 6204 Kipkorir, B. E., R. C. Soper, and J. W. Ssennyonga, eds. Kerio Valley, Past, Present, and Future: Proceedings of a Seminar Held in Nairobi at the Institute of African Studies, University of Nairobi, May 21-22,1981. Nairobi, Kenya: Institute of African Studies, 1983. 172 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Livestock production, Pastoralism, Irrigation, Health care system, Agricultural development, Rural development. KEYWORDS: Kerio River Valley, Kenya; Nakuru's East Pokot Agricultural Project 1976-1981; Pakot people; Marakwet people; Lake Turkana, Kenya. 6205 Kipkorir, B. E., and J. W. Ssennyonga, eds. Socio-Cultural Profile of Elgeyo-Marakwet District: A Report of the District SocioCultural Profiles Project. Nairobi, Kenya: Institute of African Studies, University of Nairobi, 1985. 150 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Development planning, Livestock production, Agricultural sector, Traditional society, Demographic analysis, Political system, Land tenure system. KEYWORDS: Elgeyo-Marakwet District, Kenya; District Socio-Cultural Profiles Project. 6206 Kituyi, Mukhisa. The State and the Pastoralists: The Marginalization of the Kenyan Maasai. Bergen, Norway: Chr. Michelsen Institute, 1985. 91 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Pastoralism, Colonialism, Livestock production, Class formation. KEYWORDS: Maasai people. 6207 Kohler, Thomas. Land Use in Transition: Aspects and Problems of Small Scale Farming in a New Environment: The Example of Laikipia District, Kenya. Bern, Switzerland: Institute of Geography, University of Berne, 1987. 122 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Smallholder agriculture, Land tenure system, Geographical analysis, Agricultural development. KEYWORDS: Laikipia District, Kenya. Analyzes the transition from large-estate farming to smallholder subsistence farming in Laikipia District, Kenya. Discusses the problems and benefits associated with that transition and the probable status of smallholder farming in the future. 6208 Launonen, Riitta, Anja Karinpaa, Leah Marangu, and Susan Minae. Rural Dairy Development in Meru: A Socio-Economic Study of Smallholder Milk Production, Consumption, and Marketing. Helsinki, Finland: Institute of Development Studies, University of Helsinki, 1985. 229 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Livestock production, Rural development, Smallholder agriculture, Land-use policy, Agricultural marketing, Consumption pattern. KEYWORDS: dairy farming; Dairy Farmers' Cooperative Societies; Meru Central Farmers' Cooperative Union; milk; Meru, Kenya. 6209 Little, Peter. "Social differentiation and pastoralist sedentarization in northern Kenya." Africa: Journal of the International African Institute/Revue de i Instituí Africain International 55, no. 3 (1985): 243-261. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Pastoralism, Agrarian economy, Social stratification. KEYWORDS: differentiation; sedentarization; northern Kenya. 6210 Little, Peter D. "The livestock-grain connection in northern Kenya: An analysis of pastoral economics and semiarid land develop-

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ment." Rural Africana no. 15/16 (Winter/Spring 1983) : 91 -108. tables. SUBJECTS: Pastoralism, Livestock production, Subsistence economy, Agrarian economy, Agricultural economics. KEYWORDS: grain; northern Kenya. 6211 Livingstone, Ian. Rural Development, Employment and Incomes in Kenya. Aldershot, UK: Gower, 1986.389 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. ALSOCOVERS: East Africa. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Agricultural labor, Agrarian economy, Informal sector, Income distribution, Employment, Population growth. KEYWORDS: ILO Kenya report 1972. Argues that the rural exodus predicted by the International Labour Organization for the 1970s and early 1980s did not occur. States that rural areas managed to absorb and retain increasing population and labor. Suggests that future policy should further support rural employment and income opportunities while emphasizing income redistribution. 6212 Llano-Alcober, Delores, Jan Cornelis, John Medland, and Geoffrey C. Mrema. Agricultural Development and Research Priorities for a Semi-Arid Area of Machakos District, Kenya. Wageningen, Netherlands: ICR A (International Course for Development-Oriented Research in Agriculture), 1983. 120 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Farming system, Agricultural research, Agricultural extension service. KEYWORDS: cotton; Mwala, Kenya; Mbiuni, Kenya; Kalama, Kenya; Machakos District, Kenya. 6213 Lofchie, Michael F. The Policy Factor: Agricultural Performance in Kenya and Tanzania. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1989.235 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Agricultural policy, Agricultural production, Elite analysis, Economic reform. KEYWORDS: urban bias. Discusses the policy-induced decline of Tanzanian agriculture and the policy-induced success of Kenyan agriculture. Argues that policies in Kenya were directed at a farmer elite, whereas in Tanzania they were directed at an urban elite. Recommends policy reform to remove the urban bias. 6214 Mackenzie, Fiona. "Local initiatives and national policy: Gender and agricultural change in Murang'a District, Kenya." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines20, no. 3 (1986): 375-401. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural policy, National planning policy, Women's economic role, Agrarian reform, Land-use policy, Cash crop production. KEYWORDS: Murang'a District, Kenya; Central Province, Kenya. Argues that there are policy implications in a consideration of gender and of the dynamics of local change in agriculture. States that women's contribution to change has often been ignored. Focuses on women's actions in the context of Kenya's agricultural policies during the past few decades. 6215 Martin, C. J. "Agrarian question and migrant labor: The case of western Kenya." Journal of African Studies 11, no. 4 (Winter 1984/1985): 164-174. tables. SUBJECTS: Labor migration, Marxist analysis, Commodity production, Agricultural labor, Capitalist development, Agrarian economy. KEYWORDS: surplus labor; Maragoli, Kenya; Western Province, Kenya. 6216 Mascarenhas, Adolfo, L. A. Odero-Ogwel, Y. F. O. Masakhalia, and Asit K. Biswas. "Land use policies and farming systems: Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, and Mozambique." Land Use Policy: Special Issue .Land Use in Africa 3, no. 4 (October 1986): 286-303. tables. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania, Zambia. SUBJECTS: Land-use policy, Farming system, Food production, Pastoralism, Environmental degradation. KEYWORDS: game reserves; overgrazing; forests. Outlines land-use problems and solutions in four African countries. Details policy recommendations to repair administrative

capacities, resolve pastoral-farmer disputes, promote irrigation and forestry, improve nutrition, overcome dense populations, and build institutions. 6217 McCabe, J. Terrence. "Success and failure: The breakdown of traditional drought-coping institutions among the pastoral Turkana of Kenya." Journal of Asian and African Studies 25, no. 3/4 (July\October 1990): 146-160. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Traditional society, Drought, Pastoralism, Case study, Ethnic conflict, Food aid. KEYWORDS: Turkana people; Turkana District, Kenya. Examines the effects of food aid programs for Turkana pastoralists during the 1979-1981 drought. Contends the programs were poorly designed and have undermined traditional drought-coping strategies. Argues that this will increase the possibility of famine in the future. 6218 McCarthy, F. D., and W. M. Mwangi. Kenyan Agriculture: Toward 2000. Laxenburg, Austria: International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, 1982. 81 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Food production, Government economic management, Consumption pattern, Smallholder agriculture. KEYWORDS: urban bias; FAO. 6219 Meyers, L. Richard. A Sociological Approach to Farming Systems in Kenya. Ithaca, New York: Program in International Agriculture, Cornell University, 1982. 119 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Farming system, Subsistence farming, Rural development, Household analysis, Socioeconomic analysis, Income distribution. KEYWORDS: agricultural innovation. 6220 Migot-Adholla, S. E. "Settlement policy and its implications for the development of Kenya's semi-arid lands." In: The Development of Kenya's Semi-Arid Lands, edited by David Campbell and S. E. Migot-Adholla. Nairobi, Kenya: Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi, January 1981. 40-52 pp. SUBJECTS: Irrigation, Development planning, Land-use policy, Agricultural developm e n t , Land r e f o r m , P a s t o r a l i s m , R u r a l - u r b a n m i g r a t i o n . KEYWORDS: Swynnerton Plan 1955; settlement policy. 6221 Migot-Adholla, S. E., ed. The Significance and Prospects of Camel Pastoralism in Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya: Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi, 1985. 211 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Pastoralism, Livestock production, Development p l a n n i n g , S u b s i s t e n c e e c o n o m y , S o c i o e c o n o m i c analysis. KEYWORDS: camels; Turkana District, Kenya; Marsabit District, Kenya. 6222 Mott, Frank L., and David Shapiro. "Seasonal Variations in Labor-Force Activity and Intrahousehold Substitution of Labor in Rural Kenya." The Journal of Developing Areas 18, no. 4 (July 1984): 449-464. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural labor, Household analysis, A g r i c u l t u r a l p r o d u c t i o n , E d u c a t i o n system, E m p l o y m e n t . KEYWORDS: seasonal labor. 6223 Muir, Kay. A Review of Kenya's Agricultural Policy and Performance. Harare, Zimbabwe: Department of Land Management, University of Zimbabwe, 1982. 27 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Price policy, Agricultural policy, Employment policy, Wage policy, Agricultural development, Commodity production. KEYWORDS: Kenya Maize Marketing Board. 6224 Mulaa, John. "Politics of a changing society." Review of African Political Economy 20 (January/April 1981): 89-107. tables. SUBJECTS: Land tenure system, Peasant class, Food production, Unemployment, Capitalist development. KEYWORDS: precapitalist society; contract labor. 6225 Mwendwa, H. "Agricultural and livestock monitoring using

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aerial photography." In: Coping with Drought in Kenya: National and Local Strategies, edited by Thomas E. Downing, Kangethe W. Gitu, and Crispin M. Kamau. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1989. 94-105 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural sector, Livestock production, Environmental analysis. KEYWORDS: aerial photography; maize; climate; Kenya drought 1984-1985. Describes the results of monitoring for estimates of maize yields and livestock during the 1984-1985 drought in Kenya. 6226 Ngunjiri, Eliud. "Relief and recovery for pastoralists: OXFAM's experience." In: Coping with Drought in Kenya: National and Local Strategies, edited by Thomas E. Downing, Kangethe W. Gitu, and Crispin M. Kamau. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1989.344-351 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Pastoralism, Livestock production, Nongovernmental organization, Food aid. KEYWORDS: OXFAM; grain; Samburu District, Kenya. Describes two innovative projects undertaken by OXFAM in the pastoral areas of Kenya: the grain-for-livestock exchange to provide food relief for pastoralists and the restocking of herds to assist pastoralists in their recovery from drought and reentry into the pastoralist economy. 6227 Ngure, Liz. "Food Strategies in Kenya: What role for women?" In: Femmes et politiques alimentaires: Actes du Séminaire International sur la Place des Femmes dans l'Autosuffisance et les Stratégies Alimentaires, edited by Jeanne Bisilliat. Paris: ORSTOM, 1985. 258267 pp. SUBJECTS: Food production, Credit policy, Food policy, Agricultural marketing, Price policy, Women's economic role. 6228 Ngutter, Larry G. K. "Kenya government policy in semi-arid areas." In: The Development of Kenya's Semi-Arid Lands, edited by David Campbell and S. E. Migot-Adholla. Nairobi, Kenya: Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi, January 1981. 25-39 pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Land-use policy, Agricultural policy, Development planning, Resettlement. KEYWORDS: ALDEV (African Land Development Organization); land acquisition; dryland farming. 6229 O'Leary, Michael F. The Kitui Akamba: Economic and Social Change in Semi-Arid Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya: Heinemann, 1984. 139 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Social change, Rural development, Environmental analysis, Migration pattern, Kinship, Land tenure system, Pastoralism. KEYWORDS: Akamba people; Kitui District, Kenya; Ngangani, Kenya; Syoyua, Kenya. 6230 Okoth-Ogendo, H. W. O. "Land ownership and land distribution in Kenya's large-farm areas." In: Papers on the Kenyan Economy: Performance, Problems and Policies, edited by Tony Killick. Nairobi, Kenya: Heinemann, 1981. 329-338 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Land distribution, Agrarian economy, Farming system, Land tenure system. KEYWORDS: Million-Acre Scheme 1962; large-scale agriculture; Africanization. 6231 Okoth-Ogendo, H. W. O. "Land policy and agricultural production in Kenya: The case of the Nyanza sugar belt." In: Approaches to Rural Transformation in Eastern Africa, edited by H. W. O. Okoth-Ogendo. Nairobi, Kenya: Bookwise, 1981. 164-184 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Land-use policy, Land tenure system, Social change, Population distribution, Agricultural production. KEYWORDS: Nyanza Province, Kenya; sugar. 6232 Oluoch-Kosura, W. " R e l a t i o n s entre l ' a g r i c u l t u r e et 1' industrialisation au Kény a." In: L' Agriculture africaine en crise dans ses rapports avec l'état, Tindustrialisation et la paysannerie, edited by Hamid Ait Amara and Bernard Founou Tchuigoua. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1989. 205-224 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Industrialization, Agricultural production, Agricultural economics.

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Addresses the overall development problem in terms of the relationship between agricutural sectors and industrialization in Kenya. Examines the industrial sectors using or needing agicultural products as raw materials, as well as the ones helping or facilitating agricultural development. 6233 Peron, Xavier. "La Politique de l'eau chez les Maasai du Kenya: un développement sans participation." In: Les Politiques de l'eau en Afrique: développement agricole et participation paysanne, edited by Gérard Conac, Claudette Savonnet-Guyot, and Françoise Conac. Paris: Economica, 1985.381-398 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Water supply, Agricultural development, Traditional society, Case study, Livestock production. KEYWORDS: Maasai people; development participation; Moi, Daniel arap. 6234 Pestalozzi, Pierre. "Historical and Present Day Agricultural Change on Mt. Kenya." In: Mount Kenya Area: Contributions to Ecology and Socio-Economy, edited by Matthias Winiger, Manuel Flury, Hans Hurni, and Christian Leibundgut. Bern, Switzerland: GeographicaBernensia, 1986.105-117 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Geographical analysis, Agricultural development, Ecological analysis, Migration, Smallholder agriculture. KEYWORDS: Mount Kenya; European farmers. Examines the impact of European farming reserves and smallholder agriculture on the ecology of the Mount Kenya area. Focuses on the disparity between available agricultural resources and population. 6235 Presley, Cora Ann. "Labor unrest among Kikuyu women in colonial Kenya." African Studies Association Papers 24, no. 100 (October 1981): 1-22. tables. SUBJECTS: Labor unrest, Women's economic role, Agricultural production, Plantation economy, Division of labor, Cash crop production, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: Kikuyu people; East African Association. 6236 Raikes, Phillip L. Livestock Development and Policy in East Africa. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1981. 254 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania, East Africa. SUBJECTS: Livestock production, Agricultural policy, Pastoralism, Agricultural economics. 6237 Roper, Robert. A Socio-Cultural Profile ofTurkana District: A Report of the District Socio-Cultural Profiles Project. Nairobi, Kenya: Institute of African Studies, University of Nairobi, 1985. 158 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Division of labor, Land tenure system, Livestock production, Agricultural sector, Labor migration, Demographic analysis, Legal system. KEYWORDS: political organizations; social organization; traditional education; Turkana people. 6238 Royal Tropical Institute. Food Policies in Four African Countries: A Study on Food Policy Formulation and Implementation in Kenya, Mali, Rwanda and Zambia. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Royal Tropical Institute, 1984. 71 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Mali, Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Food policy, Price policy, Food aid. KEYWORDS: food security. 6239 Schatzberg, Michael G., ed. The Political Economy of Kenya. New York: Praeger, 1987. 245 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Class analysis, Agrarian economy, Food scarcity, Capital accumulation, Women and development, Smallholder agriculture, Political economy studies. KEYWORDS: Kenyatta, Jomo; Moi, Daniel arap. 6240 Senga, W. M., R. Farugee, and B. A. Ateng. Population Growth and Agricultural Development in Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya: Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi, 1981. 58 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Population growth, Agricultural development, Migration pattern, Land tenure system, Food production, Smallholder

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agriculture. 6241 Sharma, K. L. "Agricultural exports and economic growth in Kenya: Some lessons and policy options." In: Development Options for Africa: In the 1980s and Beyond, edited by P. Ndegwa, L. P. Mureithi, and R. H. Green. Nairobi, Kenya: Oxford University Press, 1985. 223-234 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Export policy, Cash crop production, Agricultural production, Economic growth rate, Commodity production. KEYWORDS: food imports. 6242 Shisanya, Chris A. 'The 1983-1984 drought in Kenya." Journal of Eastern African Research and Development 20 (1990): 127148. tables. SUBJECTS: Drought. Assesses the severity of the drought in Kenya during 1983-1984. Concludes that it was the most severe over the past decade, not providing enough water for crop production. 6243 Silberfein, Marilyn. Rural Change in Machakos, Kenya: A Historical Geography Perspective. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1989. 197 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Geographical analysis, Agrarian reform, Agricultural policy, Drought, Social change. KEYWORDS: conservation; Kamba people; Machakos District, Kenya. A historical geography perspective on population growth and the agrarian crisis. Provides a case study of a median district, the Machakos District of Kenya. Addresses the African environment, the colonial legacy, and government policy. 6244 Sindiga, Isaac. "Inducing rural development in Kenya Maasailand." African Studies Association Papers 26, no. 125 (December 1983): 1-24. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Pastoralism, Traditional society, Natural resource management, Land tenure system, Livestock production. KEYWORDS: tourism; Maasai people; beef. 6245 Sindiga, Isaac. "Inducing rural development in Kenya Maasailand." Journal of Eastern African Research and Development 14 (1984): 162-177. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Pastoralism, Land tenure system, Natural resource management, Traditional society, Livestock production. KEYWORDS: Maasai people; tourism; beef. 6246 Sorensen, Anne, and Dorthe von Buello. Gender and Contract Farming in Kericho, Kenya. Copenhagen, Denmark: Centre for Development Research, 1990. 19 pp. SUBJECTS: Gender relations, Household economy, Smallholder agriculture, Farming system. KEYWORDS: contract farming; tea; KTDA (Kenya Tea Development Authority); Kipsigis people; Kericho District, Kenya. Demonstrates the relationship of gender to development problems in contract fanning among smallholder tea producers. Argues that gender inequalities constrain production in a number of ways. Concludes that until these contradictions are resolved, development will impoverish women rather than empower them. 6247 Sperling, Louise. "Food acquisition by the Samburu herders during the drought of 1983/84." In: Coping with Drought in Kenya: National and Local Strategies, edited by Thomas E. Downing, Kangethe W. Gitu, and Crispin M. Kamau. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1989. 264-279 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Drought, Food scarcity, Pastoralism. KEYWORDS: Kenya drought 1984-1985; Samburu people. Describes the difficulties the Samburu had in obtaining food during the drought. States that the more indigenous strategies of herding, hunting, and gathering offered limited security and that commercial channels for obtaining food proved inadequate. Concludes that the Samburu came to depend on various handouts. 6248 Staudt, Kathleen. "Women farmers and inequities in agricul-

tural services." In: Women and Work in Africa, edited by Edna G. Bay. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1982.207-224 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural extension service, Women's economic role, Agricultural policy, State intervention, Agricultural labor. KEYWORDS: agricultural management; agricultural education. 6249 Staudt, Kathleen A. Agricultural Policy Implementation: A Case Study from Western Kenya. West Hartford, Connecticut: Kumarian, 1985. 68 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural policy, Women's economic role, Land tenure system, Agricultural extension service, Gender relations. 6250 Suda, Collette. "Agricultural development policies and institutional support systems in post-colonial Kenya and Tanzania." Journal of Eastern African Research and Development 20 (1990): 104-126. tables. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Agricultural production, Price policy, Agricultural marketing, Credit policy, Agricultural extension service. KEYWORDS: Ujamaa policy; Examines the different development paths of agricultural institutions and polices in Kenya and Tanzania. Compares these case studies of agricultural development in a similar environment. 6251 Swainson, Nicola. "Public policy in the development of export crops: Pineapples and tea in Kenya." Institute of Development Studies Bulletin 17, no. 1 (January 1986): 39-46. tables. SUBJECTS: Public policy, Cash crop production, Smallholder agriculture. KEYWORDS: pineapples; tea; KTDA (Kenya Tea Development Authority). Explores public policy decisions surrounding the export production of tea and pineapples. Argues that decisions were made for political and social reasons, as well as technical and economic ones. Details the context and constraints of policy choices. Examines state intervention and estate production. 6252 Swift, Jeremy. "Planning against drought and famine in Turkana: A district contingency plan." In: Coping with Drought in Kenya: National and Local Strategies, edited by Thomas E. Downing, Kangethe W. Gitu, and Crispin M. Kamau. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1989. 306-328 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Drought, Nongovernmental organization, Famine. KEYWORDS: Turkana District, Kenya. Outlines specific responsibilities of district officials, missions, and nongovernmental organizations in response to drought with the threat of famine. Describes methods of estimating the probability of drought. Examines preparedness plans and the operation of an early warning system. 6253 Thurston, Anne. The Intensification of Smallholder Agriculture in Kenya: The Genesis and Implementation of the Swynnerton Plan. Oxford, UK: Rhodes House Library, 1984.133 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Smallholder agriculture, Land-use policy, Agricultural production, Land distribution, Cash crop production, Livestock production. KEYWORDS: Swynnerton Plan 1955; Central Province, Kenya. 6254 Tibaijuka, Anna Kajumulo, Björn Lundgren, and Staffan Larsson. Kenya: A Study of the Agricultural Sector. Uppsala, Sweden: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 1981. 172 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural sector, Food production, Land-use policy, Forestry industry, Fishing industry, Agricultural marketing, Livestock production. KEYWORDS: agroindustry. 6255 Wanjala, Chris L., and David O. Nyamwaya. Kenya: Kajiado District: Socio-Cultural Profile. Nairobi, Kenya: Ministry of Planning and National Development, 1986. 185 pp. biblio, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Anthropological analysis, Traditional society, Agricultural production, Technology, Land tenure system. KEYWORDS: sociocultural analysis; Kajiado District, Kenya.

KENYA/Class • 4 2 5 Provides planners with the relevant sociocultural data to develop projects that do not conflict with the values of the people they serve. States that in order to ensure participation, planners must understand the traditional values, technologies, institutions, and knowledge of the local people. 6256 Were, Gideon S., and Joshua Akong'a. Baringo District: SocioCultural Profile. Nairobi, Kenya: Ministry of Planning and National Development, 1986. 268 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Sociological analysis, Marriage, Land tenure system, Agricultural sector, Political participation, Legal system, Demographic analysis. KEYWORDS: Baringo District, Kenya; cultural analysis. Provides a comprehensive study of the people of Baringo District, Kenya. Discusses a study that targets development planners, administrators, local leaders, educators, and others. 6257 Were, Gideon S., Joshua Akong'a, and Peter M. Maundu. Kenya: Socio-Cultural Profiles: Kitui District. Nairobi, Kenya: Ministry of Planning and National Development, 1986. 319 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Anthropological analysis, Traditional society, Land tenure system, Technology, Farming system. KEYWORDS: sociocultural analysis; Kitui District, Kenya; District Focus Strategy for Rural Development. Provides planners and agencies with the relevant sociocultural data to develop projects that do not conflict with the values of the people they serve. Adds that to ensure participation, planners must understand the traditional values, technologies, institutions, and knowledge of the local people. 6258 Winiger, Matthias. "'How much does Earth need man?' Thoughts on the contribution of research towards development projects, taking the example of Laikipia District, Kenya." In: Mount Kenya Area: Contributions to Ecology and Socio-Economy, edited by Matthias Winiger, Manuel Flury, Hans Hurni, and Christian Leibundgut. Bern, Switzerland: Geographica Bernensia, 1986. 19-29 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Geographical analysis, Subsistence f a r m i n g , Ecological analysis, A g r i c u l t u r a development. KEYWORDS: Mount Kenya; Laikipia District, Kenya. Analyzes the agricultural potential of the Mount Kenya area and the impact of current subsistence farming practices on the ecology of the area. Outlines an application-oriented research program that will focus on baseline data from the region with the intent of influencing farming policy decisions. 6259 World Bank, ed. Kenya: Growth and Structural Change. Vol. 2 of 2. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1983. 308 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Smallholder agriculture, Industrial development, Employment opportunity, Land-use policy, Income distribution, Economic growth rate. 6260 World Food Programme. "World Food Programme emergency food aid for drought victims in Kenya." In: Coping with Drought in Kenya: National and Local Strategies, edited by Thomas E. Downing, Kangethe W. Gitu, and Crispin M. Kamau. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1989. 283-288 pp. SUBJECTS: Food aid, Drought, Food scarcity, Nongovernmental organization. KEYWORDS: Kenya drought 1984-1985; WFP (World Food Programme); maize. Discusses the instrumental role of the World Food Programme in providing nongovernmental organizations with food. States that this food enabled many organizations to begin timely emergency relief programs. 6261 Wyckoff, J. B. "Drought and food policy in Kenya." In: Coping with Drought in Kenya: National and Local Strategies, edited by Thomas E. Downing, Kangethe W. Gitu, and Crispin M. Kamau. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1989. 355-368 pp. SUBJECTS: Drought, Food policy, Food production, Price policy, Agricultural marketing. KEYWORDS: Kenya drought 1984-1985.

Outlines Kenya's food production policy, which emphasizes self-sufficiency in food production, food security, and distribution in times of shortage. Reviews policy formulation and implementation, including food production, marketing, and pricing policies. 6262 Wyeth, Peter. "Economic development in Kenyan agriculture." In: Papers on the Kenyan Economy: Performance, Problems and Policies, edited by Tony Killick. Nairobi, Kenya: Heinemann, 1981. 299-310 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Agricultural policy, Agricultural extension service, Agricultural marketing, Credit policy, Agricultural research. 6263 Yadeta, Girma. Dynamic Processes of Development in Marginal Areas: A Case Study from the Pokot of North West Kenya. Stockholm, Sweden: Royal University of Lund, 1985. 231 pp. biblio, t a b l e s , maps. S U B J E C T S : P a s t o r a l i s m , Social c h a n g e , Socioeconomic analysis, Commercial agriculture, Livestock production, Geographical analysis. KEYWORDS: nomadic people; Pokot people; Rift Valley Province, Kenya. 6264 Zeleza, Tiyambe. "The development of the cooperative movement in Kenya since independence." Journal of Eastern African Research and Development 20 (1990): 68-94. tables. SUBJECTS: Cooperatives, Agricultural cooperatives. KEYWORDS: Kenya Cooperative Bank. Demonstrates that the cooperative movement has grown since independence but is still plagued by internal weaknesses. Notes their contribution to African accumulation, indigenization, and agriculture. Adds that the cooperatives have not been significant in reducing inequality socially or geographically. SEE ALSO 3, 67, 92, 128, 153, 194, 256, 5124, 5137, 5318, 6904, 14100,14116.

Class

6265 Anyang'Nyong'o, P. "Development of a middle peasantry in Nyanza." Review of African Political Economy 20 (January/April 1981 ) : 108-120. SUBJECTS : Peasant class, Foreign investment, Land reform, Capitalist class, Peasant economy, Household analysis. KEYWORDS: middle peasantry; wage labor; agrarian capitalism; Lake Victoria; Nyanza Province, Kenya. 6266 Anyang'Nyong'o, P. "What 'the friends of the peasants' are and how they pose the question of the peasantry." Review of African Political Economy 20 (January/April 1981): 17-26. SUBJECTS: Peasant class, Class formation, Bourgeoisie, Social stratification, Capitalist class. KEYWORDS: Kikuyu people. 6267 Christopher, Leo. Land and Class in Kenya. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: University of Toronto Press, 1984. 244 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Land tenure system, Class formation, Class conflict, Resettlement. KEYWORDS: LDSB (Land Development and Settlement Board); Colonial Development Corporation; KANU (Kenya African National Union); Million-Acre Scheme 1962; landless. 6268 Dauch, G. "Kenya: J. M. Kariuki ou l'éthique nationale du capitalisme." Politique africaine 2, no. 8 (December 1982): 21-41. SUBJECTS: Leadership analysis, Political elite, Bourgeoisie. KEYWORDS: KANU (Kenya African National Union). 6269 Holmquist, Frank. State, Class, Peasants and the Initiation of Kenyan Self-Help. Iowa City, Iowa: Comparative Legislative Research Center, University of Iowa, 1982. 31 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS:

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Class analysis, Political economy studies, Rural development, Bourgeoisie, L e a d e r s h i p analysis, Peasant economy, Self-help. KEYWORDS: community participation; peasant-state relations. 6270 Kim, Chang Hwan. The Concept and Social Position of "Managerial Elite" in Contemporary Kenya: With Special Reference to Africanization. Nairobi, Kenya: Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi, 1985. 40 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Management, Elite analysis, National development, Income distribution, Industrial sector, Class analysis, Civil service. KEYWORDS: Africanization. 6271 Leo, Christopher. "Captured peasants and telephone farmers: A class analysis of agricultural development strategy in Kenya." African Studies Association Papers 27, no. 59 (October 1984): 1-25. SUBJECTS: Class analysis, Peasant class, Subsistence farming, Kinship, S m a l l h o l d e r a g r i c u l t u r e , B o u r g e o i s i e , Agrarian e c o n o m y . KEYWORDS: landless; captured peasants. 6272 Leo, Christopher. Land and Class in Kenya. Harare, Zimbabwe: Nehanda, 1984. 244 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Class analysis, Land-use policy, Class conflict, Land distribution, Resettlement, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: Million-Acre Scheme 1962. 6273 Leys, Colin. "Accumulation, class formation and dependency." In: Industry and Accumulation in Africa, edited by Martin Fransman. London: Heinemann, 1982. 170-192 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Capital accumulation, Imperialism, Class formation, Class analysis, Economic dependency, Bourgeoisie. KEYWORDS: KANU (Kenya African National Union); agrarian capitalism.

Proposes that tourism is about the conspicuous consumption of leisure and the attainment of a relatively higher status than one had in one's own country. Uses this concept to focus on the major impact that tourism is having in East Africa. Argues that what is a short period of fantasy for foreigners becomes local reality. 6279 Stichter, Sharon. Migrant Labour in Kenya: Capitalism and African Response, 1895-1975. Harlow, Essex, UK: Longman, 1982. 210 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Labor migration, Capitalism, Peasant economy, Bourgeoisie, Working class, Political opposition, International economic relations. SEE ALSO 13143.

Colonialism

6280 Gordon, David F. Decolonization and the State in Kenya. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1986. 266 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Decolonization, Business administration, Industrialization, Agricultural policy, Government economic management, Colonialism, Ethnic politics. KEYWORDS: Mau Mau movement; Mboya, Tom. Discusses the decolonization of Kenya since World War II and independence. Uses two theories—the collaboration theory and Marxist peripheral theory—to create a state-societal framework for such analysis. Questions the presence of neocolonialism in Kenya today. SEE ALSO 366, 5755.

6274 Mutunga, Willy. "Finance capital and the so-called national bourgeoisie in Kenya." Ufahamu 12, no. 1 (Fall 1982): 51-80. tables. SUBJECTS: Bourgeoisie, Class analysis, Capital accumulation, Entrepreneurship. KEYWORDS: ICDC (Industrial and Commercial Development Corporation); financial resources. 6275 Ng'ang'a, D. Mukaru. "What is happening to the Kenyan peasantry?" Review of African Political Economy 20 (January/April 1981): 7-16. SUBJECTS: Peasant class, Subsistence farming, Peasant economy, Class struggle, Household analysis, Capital accumulation. KEYWORDS: precapitalist society; Kikuyu people. 6276 Njonjo, Apollo L. "Kenya peasantry: A re-assessment." Review of African Political Economy 20 (January/April 1981): 27-40. tables. SUBJECTS: Peasant class, Social stratification, Rural development, Agricultural production, Commodity production. KEYWORDS: middle peasantry; Kikuyu people; surplus value. 6277 Nyangira, Nicholas. "Ethnicity, class, and politics in Kenya." In: The Political Economy of Kenya, edited by Michael G. Shatzberg. New York: Praeger, 1987. 15-31 pp. SUBJECTS: Ethnic politics, Class analysis, Nation-building, Rural-urban relations, Colonialism, Bourgeoisie, Urbanization. KEYWORDS: KANU (Kenya African National Union); Kikuyu people; Kenyatta, Jomo; KPU (Kenya People's Union). Analyzes colonial policies that triggered the formation of early ethnic associations. States that ethnic organizations emerged due to the opening of agricultural markets and urbanization. Traces ethnic alliances and conflicts in such groups as KANU and KPU to show that they exhibit both ethnic and class dimensions. 6278 Peake, Robert. "Swahili stratification and tourism in Malindi Old Town, Kenya." Africa: Journal of the International African Institute/Revue de TInstitut Africain International 59, no. 2 (1989): 209-220. SUBJECTS: Social stratification, Class analysis, Working class, Youth issues, Islam. KEYWORDS: tourism; prostitution; Veblen, T.

Economics

6281 Bevan, David, Paul Collier, and Jan Willem Gunning. Controlled Open Economies: A Neoclassical Approach to Structuralism. Oxford, UK: Clarendon, 1990. 367 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Development theory, Commercial agriculture, Price policy. KEYWORDS: coffee. Integrates neoclassical macroeconomic theory with structuralist theory in order to create an appropriate model for the unique situation of small Third World economies. Believes that misgivings about neoclassical theory are correct. Uses the case of Kenyan and Tanzanian windfalls to examine control regimes. 6282 Bevan, David, Arne Bigsten, Paul Collier, and Jan Willem Gunning. East African Lessons on Economic Liberalization. Aldershot, UK: Gower, 1987. 72 pp. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Trade policy, Economic policy, Price policy, Peasant economy, State intervention. KEYWORDS: economic liberalization; IMF; devaluation. Argues that the effects of trade liberalization can be understood only in relation to a country's economic organization. Demonstrates that policies of trade liberalization effectively promoted economic growth in capitalist Kenya but not in Tanzania, where artificial economic controls inhibited growth from 1978 to 1984. 6283 Bigsten, Arne. Income Distribution and Growth in a Dual Economy: Kenya, 1914-1976. Gothenberg, Germany: Department of Economics, Gothenberg University, 1987. 236 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Income distribution, Economic growth rate, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: dual economy; social accounting matrix. Describes and analyzes the changes in income, income distribution, and poverty in Kenya between 1914 and 1976. Details a social

KENYA/Economics

accounting matrix done in 1976. Draws conclusions from the assembled data as to the degree of income inequality in Kenya. 6284 Bigsten, Arne. "Regional inequality in Kenya." In: Papers on the Kenyan Economy: Performance, Problems and Policies, edited by Tony Killick. Nairobi, Kenya: Heinemann, 1981. 180-188 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic inequality, Regional development, Government economic management, Economic policy, Income distribution. KEYWORDS: regional inequality. 6285 Bolnick, B. R. "The behaviour of the proximate determinants of money in Kenya." In: Papers on the Kenyan Economy: Performance, Problems and Policies, edited by Tony Killick. Nairobi, Kenya: Heinemann, 1981. 52-58 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Monetary policy, Banking. KEYWORDS: Post Office Savings Bank. 6286 Brough, A. T., and T. R. C. Curtin. "Growth and stability: An account of fiscal and monetary policy." In: Papers on the Kenyan Economy: Performance, Problems and Policies, edited by Tony Killick. Nairobi, Kenya: Heinemann, 1981. 37-51 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Fiscal policy, Monetary policy, Government expenditure. KEYWORDS: Central Bank of Kenya. 6287 Buch-Hansen, Mogens, and Henrik Secher Marcusson. "Contract farming and the peasantry: Cases from western Kenya." Review of African Political Economy 23 (October/December 1981): 9-36. SUBJECTS: Farming system, Peasant economy, Economic dependency, Foreign investment, Foreign aid, Capitalist development, Bourgeoisie. KEYWORDS: agribusiness; sugar; contract farming; Western Province, Kenya. 6288 Colclough, Christopher. "Competing paradigms in the debate about agricultural pricing policy." Institute of Development Studies Bulletin 16, no. 3 (July 1985): 39-46. tables. SUBJECTS: Price policy, Taxation policy, Agricultural policy. KEYWORDS: exchange rate; structuralist theory. 6289 Cowen, Michael. "British state and agrarian accumulation in Kenya." In: Industry and Accumulation in Africa, edited by Martin Fransman. London: Heinemann, 1982. 142-169 pp. SUBJECTS: Capital accumulation, Agricultural sector, Industrial sector, Colonialism, Private sector, State-owned enterprise. KEYWORDS: UK-Kenya relations; UAC (United Africa Company); Colonial Development Corporation; Finance Corporation for Industry; agrarian capitalism. 6290 Darrat, Ali F. "Demand for money in a developing economy: The case of Kenya." World Development 13, no. 10/11 (October/November 1985): 1163-1170. tables. SUBJECTS: Monetary policy, Inflation, Monetary policy. KEYWORDS: domestic economy. 6291 David, Martin. 'Transition in smallholder banking in Kenya: Evidence from rural branch bank loans." The Journal of Developing Areas 16, no. 1 (October 1981): 71-86. tables. SUBJECTS: Banking, Rural development, Credit policy. KEYWORDS: Kenya Commercial Bank Ltd.; loan recipients; smallholder enterprise; rural banks. 6292 Fontaine, Jean Luc. "Campagnes, bidonvilles et Banque Mondiale au Kenya." Politique africaine no. 26 (June 1987): 92-101. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Economic crisis, Urban planning policy, Market economy, Rural-urban migration. KEYWORDS: World Bank; slums. States that solutions for the demise of the African economy center on three propositions: rehabilitating agricultural production in Africa, slowing down the rural exodus, and lightening state intervention. Examines city-countryside relations in Kenya to assess the success of Kenyan economic policies.

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6293 Grosh, Barbara. Agricultural Parastatals Since Independence: How Have They Performed? Nairobi, Kenya: Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi, 1986. 65 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: State-owned enterprise, Agricultural sector, Policy analysis, Business administration, State intervention, Price policy, Investment policy. KEYWORDS: foreign labor. Examines seventeen Kenyan agricultural parastatals and their performance from independence to 1984. Reviews statistical information regarding capital investment, pricing policies, efficiency, and social rates of return. Predicts failure for attempts to correct financial problems with increased cost and policy controls. 6294 Grosh, Barbara. Performance of Financial Parastatals in Kenya, 1964-1984. Nairobi, Kenya: Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi, 1987. 70 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: State-owned enterprise, Financial system, Government economic management, Financial system, Private sector, Commercial banking, Elite analysis. KEYWORDS: AFC (Agricultural Finance Corporation); nonbank financial institutions. Analyzes the performance of four parastatal financial institutions in Kenya by comparing the depository groups to the AFC. Shows that the depository parastatals have performed efficiently while the AFC has been a drain on the economy, primarily because it catered to an elite clientele. 6295 Hecox, Walter E. "United States policy-based lending in Africa: The Kenyan experience." African Studies Association Papers 28, no. 54 (November 1985): 1-23. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign aid, Import policy, Balance of payments, Financial system, Structural adjustment, Foreign exchange. KEYWORDS: exchange rate; multilateral aid; loan conditionality; IMF; US-Kenya relations. 6296 Hecox, Walter E. "World recession and structural adjustment in Africa: The case of Kenya." African Studies Association Papers 27, no. 45 (October 1984): 1-23. biblio. SUBJECTS: Economic recession, Export economy, Foreign aid, Transnational corporations, Structural adjustment, Household economy. KEYWORDS: loan conditionality; Lagos Plan of Action 1980; Berg Report 1981; World Bank. 6297 Henze, Paul B. Contrasts in African Development: The Economics of Kenya and Ethiopia, 1975-1984. Santa Monica, California: Rand, 1989. 29 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Ethiopia. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Socialist economy, Capitalist economy, Drought, Famine, Military budget. KEYWORDS: Moi, Daniel arap; Mengistu Haile Mariam. Compares Kenyan and Ethiopian economic development from 1975 to 1984. States that Kenya's new leadership did not change that country's political orientation or economic development policies. Suggests this as a comparison of a Marxist socialist development model with a Western-oriented system. 6298 Hogg, Richard. "New pastoralism: Poverty and dependency in northern Kenya." Africa: Journal of the International African Institute/Revue de I'lnstitut Africain International 56, no. 3 (1986): 319-333. SUBJECTS: Pastoralism, Rural poverty, Economic dependency, Elite analysis, Political economy studies. KEYWORDS: capital flow; northern Kenya. Argues that pastoralism is dominated by a town-based elite, which is the origin of a new kind of pastoralism in northern Kenya. Argues that poverty and dependence are becoming a permanent way of life to many pastoralists. Notes the increasing social and economic differentiation occurring within pastoral societies. 6299 House, William J. "Industrial performance and market structure." In: Papers on the Kenyan Economy: Performance, Problems and Policies, edited by Tony Killick. Nairobi, Kenya: Heinemann, 1981. 339-345 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Industrial sector,

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Market system, Economic analysis, Government economic management. KEYWORDS: monopoly. 6300 House, William J., and Tony Killick. "Inequality and poverty in the rural economy, and the influence of some aspects of policy." In: Papers on the Kenyan Economy: Performance, Problems and Policies, edited by Tony Killick. Nairobi, Kenya: Heinemann, 1981. 157-179 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic inequality, Poverty, Rural development, Government economic management, Land reform, Smallholder agriculture, Agricultural extension service. KEYWORDS: Eastern Province, Kenya; Tetu, Kenya; ILO Kenya report 1972; Mbeere people. 6301 Hyden, Goran. "Capital accumulation, resource distribution, and governance in Kenya: The role of the economy of affection." In: The Political Economy of Kenya, edited by Michael G. Schatzberg. New York: Praeger, 1987. 117-136 pp. SUBJECTS: Capital accumulation, Resource distribution, Peasant economy, Capitalist development, Political economy studies, Government economic management. KEYWORDS: precapitalist society; economy of affection; peasant-state relations. Posits that peasants balance their own family demands and do not maximize monetary profit, which thus hinders capital accumulation. Argues that, in Kenya, capital has yet to break down the walls of existing precapitalist formations, which creates contradictions between traditional solidarity and initiative. 6302 Ikiara, G. K. "Structural changes in the Kenyan economy." In: Papers on the Kenyan Economy: Performance, Problems and Policies, edited by Tony Killick. Nairobi, Kenya: Heinemann, 1981. 20-32 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Government economic management, Agricultural development, Industrial development, Foreign trade. 6303 Ikiara,G. K., andT. Killick. "The performance of the economy since independence." In: Papers on the Kenyan Economy: Performance, Problems and Policies, edited by Tony Killick. Nairobi, Kenya: Heinemann, 1981. 5-19 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic growth rate, Balance of payments, Foreign investment, Fiscal policy, Inflation, Employment, Human resources development. KEYWORDS: Kenyanization; ILO Kenya report 1972. 6304 Jansen, Karel. State, Policy, and the Economy: With Case Studies from Kenya and Sri Lanka. The Hague, Netherlands: Institute of Social Studies, 1982. 162 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Government economic management, Economic planning, Government expenditure, Public sector, Private sector, Export policy, Case study. KEYWORDS: wage goods. 6305 Johnson, Steven L. "Ideological dimensions of peasant persistence in western Kenya." African Studies Association Papers 26, no. 70 (December 1983): 1-32. SUBJECTS: Peasant economy, Subsistence economy, Agricultural production, Kinship, Capitalist development, Agricultural technology. KEYWORDS: wage labor; Migori Division, Kenya; modes of production; Western Province, Kenya. 6306 Johnson, Steven L. "Ideological dimensions of peasant persistence in western Kenya." In: New Perspectives on Social Class and Socioeconomic Development in the Periphery, edited by Nelson W. Keith and Novella Zett Keith. New York: Greenwood, 1988.151-165 pp. biblio, maps. SUBJECTS: Peasant economy, Capitalist development, Agricultural production, Subsistence economy, Agricultural technology, Kinship. KEYWORDS: Migori Division, Kenya; wage labor; Western Province, Kenya; modes of production. Focuses on the factors that enable the peasantry to persist and flourish while articulated with capitalism. Finds that peasants of the Migori Division of western Kenya are able to choose their degree of involvement in the capitalist economy and that they actively par-

ticipate in shaping social formation. 6307 Killick, Tony, ed. Papers on the Kenyan Economy: Performance, Problems and Policies. Nairobi, Kenya: Heinemann, 1981. 373 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Economic analysis, Public investment, Balance of payments, Income distribution, Industrial development, Labor policy. KEYWORDS: education financing; ILO Kenya report 1972. 6308 Killick, Tony, and Maurice Thorne. "Problems of an open economy: The balance of payments in the nineteen-seventies." In: Papers on the Kenyan Economy: Performance, Problems and Policies, edited by Tony Killick. Nairobi, Kenya: Heinemann, 1981. 59-70 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Balance of payments, Economic system, Trade policy, Free market, Debt crisis. KEYWORDS: IMF; exchange rate. 6309 Langdon, Steve. "Industry and capitalism in Kenya: Contributions to a debate." In: The African Bourgeoisie: Capitalist Development in Nigeria, Kenya, and the Ivory Coast, edited by Paul M. Lubeck. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1987.343-381 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Capitalism, Industrialization, Export policy, State-owned enterprise, Employment, Foreign exchange. Analyzes the continuing theoretical debate regarding Kenyan capitalism. Reviews the character of recent industrialization and the rise of new African industrialists in the country. Focuses on the policy effort to expand export manufacturing in response to foreign exchange and employment problems. 6310 Mosley, Paul. "The politics of economic liberalization: US AID and the World Bank in Kenya." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 85, no. 338 (January 1986): 107-119. tables. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Free market, Economic crisis, Foreign aid, Debt crisis. KEYWORDS: USAID; World Bank; Berg Report 1981; economic liberalization. Explores the relationship between Kenya and the international agencies of USAID and the World Bank. Argues that structural adjustment does not serve the interests of the debtor nations. Notes that the World Bank has found it difficult to get structural adjustment policies to stick. 6311 Mujwahuzi, M., M. Kihu, and A. Hussein. Parastatals in East Africa: Kenya-Tanzania-Somalia: A Preliminary Listing of Parastatals in Each Country. Vol. 2. Worcester, Massachusetts: Program for International Development, Clark University, 1982. 81 pp. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania, Somalia. SUBJECTS: State-owned enterprise, Government economic management, Nationalization. 6312 Mullei, Andrew K., and Joshua M. Ng'elu. "Evolution, structure and performance of Kenya's financial system." Savings and Development 14, no. 3 (1990): 265-284. tables. SUBJECTS: Financial system, Commercial banking. Analyzes the development of Kenya's financial system. Assesses the performance of several of its financial institutions. Maintains that Kenya's financial system has grown rapidly and efficiently, though nonbank financial institutions have outstripped the commercial banks. 6313 Mwaniki, Nyaga. "Against many odds: The dilemmas of women's self-help groups in Mbeere, Kenya." Africa: Journal of the International African Institute/Revue de I' institut africain international 56, no. 2 (1986): 210-228. tables. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Cooperatives, Capital formation, Economic dependency, Selfhelp. KEYWORDS: market formation; income generation. Discusses women in Kenya who have organized self-help groups in order to open up new markets and overcome constraints. Describes group activities in capital formation and solving labor problems. Analyzes constraints on income-generating projects. Concludes that women must participate more in the agricultural market.

KENYA/Education 6314 Mwega, F. M., and S. M. Ngola. "Causal directions in the relationship between domestic credit and changes in net foreign reserves in Kenya." Savings and Development 12, no. 3 (1988): 221-233. tables. SUBJECTS: Credit policy, Foreign exchange, Balance of payments, Monetary policy. Considers domestic credit flows as one of the internal factors within the control of domestic policymakers that exacerbated balance of payments disequilibria. Concludes that domestic credit flows were a cause for changes in net foreign reserves. 6315 Parkinson, John M. 'The Nairobi stock exchange in the context of development in Kenya." Savings and Development 8, no. 3 (1984): 363-372. SUBJECTS: Domestic investment, Debt crisis. KEYWORDS: capital market; NSE (Nairobi Stock Exchange); stock market. 6316 Pinckney, Thomas C., and Alberto Valdes. "Short-run supply management and food security: Results from Pakistan and Kenya." World Development 16, no. 9 (September 1988): 1025-1034. tables. SUBJECTS: Food production, Economic analysis, Price policy, Income distribution, Foreign trade, Government expenditure, Consumption pattern. KEYWORDS: economic stabilization; supply management; stock market. Compares and contrasts efficient ways of using stock variability, trade variability, or consumption variability to counter price fluctuations. Discusses both the methodology used for studying these issues and the trade-offs between objectives. Uses lessons to design simpler, more efficient policies. 6317 Pinckney, Thomas C. Storage, Trade, and Price Policy Under Production Instability: Maize inKenya. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 1988. 102 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Price policy, Agricultural production, Government economic management, Foreign trade, Policy analysis, Informal sector, Import policy. KEYWORDS: maize; NCPB (National Cereal and Produce Board); austerity measures; storage. Analyzes Kenya's policy toward instability in Kenyan maize production. Proposes a policy that would balance Kenya's three objectives regarding that instability: those of minimizing price fluctuations, minimizing fiscal cost, and minimizing imports. Concludes that the "price band policy" is best for Kenya. 6318 Pinfold, Tom, and David L. Anderson. "Coordinating operating and investment expenditures: The need for balance in planning and budgeting." In: Planning African Development, edited by Glen Norcliffe and Tom Pinfold. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1981. 110-128 pp. ALSO COVERS: Africa. SUBJECTS: Investment policy, Budget policy, Development financing, Government expenditure, Development planning. KEYWORDS: Kenya development plans. 6319 Raikes, Philip. Credit Savings in Rural Kenya: An Example for Kisii. Nairobi, Kenya: Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi, 1989. 56 pp. SUBJECTS: Credit policy, Development financing, Historical analysis, Women's studies. KEYWORDS: Kisii District, Kenya. Focuses on credit policy and savings in rural Kenya, specifically the Kisii District. Challenges the commonly held assumption that credit programs are needed because lack of credit inhibits agricultural modernization. Suggests that the availability of rural credit does not increase the amount of funds available to agriculture and often has the opposite effect. Suggests that the results of such programs are less than positive for peasant farmers. 6320 Rwegasira, Delphin G. "Balance-of-payments adjustment in low-income developing countries: The experiences of Kenya and Tanzania in the 1970s." World Development 15, no. 10/11 (October/November 1987): 1321-1335. tables. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Balance of payments, Structural adjustment, Price

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policy, Export policy, Cash crop production, Export market. KEYWORDS: export processing; cropping system. Addresses growth-oriented adjustment strategies adopted in the wake of the 1970s oil crisis and drought. Discusses both the results of pricing policies in agriculture, and crop-substitution problems. Lists the policy lessons that resulted from manufactured export subsidies in Kenya and primary export processing in Tanzania. 6321 Sharpley, Jennifer. Economic Policies and Agricultural Performance: The Case of Kenya. Paris: Development Centre, OECD, 1986.109 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Policy analysis, Agricultural policy, State-owned enterprise, Fiscal policy, Trade policy, Credit policy, Foreign exchange. KEYWORDS: terms of trade. Stresses the importance of the agricultural sector to the Kenyan economy as a whole. Suggests ways that that sector can contribute to the stabilization of Kenya's macroeconomy. Addresses external events such as drought, world recession, political disturbances, and the importance of agricultural policies. 6322 Swainson, Nicola. "Indigenous capitalism in postcolonial Kenya." In: The African Bourgeoisie: Capitalist Development in Nigeria, Kenya, and the Ivory Coast, edited by Paul M. Lubeck. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1987. 137-163 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Bourgeoisie, Economic analysis, Capitalist development. KEYWORDS: indigenous capitalism; KNCC (KenyaNational Chamber of Commerce); KNTC (Kenya National Trading Corporation); East African Industries; ICDC (Industrial and Commercial Development Corporation). Stresses some of the material conditions underlying the development of indigenous capitalism after independence. Traces the origins of the African capitalist class. Examines the dynamics of indigenous enterprises in postcolonial Kenya. 6323 Van Der Hoeven, Rolph, and Jan Vandemoortele. Kenya: Stabilisation and Adjustment Experiences (1979-84) and Prospects for Future Development. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1987.69 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Inflation, Budget policy, Fiscal policy, Trade policy, Wage policy, Policy recommendation. KEYWORDS: economic stabilization. Argues that Kenya did not restructure its economy to meet external conditions worldwide, nor did it increase its nonagricultural exports. Recommends developing smallholder agriculture, transferring national savings to agriculture, creating income opportunities, and redistributing land. 6324 Wright, Ella H., and Norman K. Humphreys, eds. Financial Policy Workshops: The Case of Kenya. Washington, DC: IMF, 1981. 315 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Finance policy, Financial system, Balance of payments, Statistical analysis. KEYWORDS: Polak model. SEE ALSO 555, 631, 667, 4907, 5144, 5790, 8437, 8516, 14777, 15809,16151.

Education

6325 Abreu, Elsa. The Role of Self-Help in the Development of Education in Kenya, 1900-1973. Nairobi, Kenya: Kenya Literature Bureau, 1982. 271 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Self-help, Education system, Segregation, Higher education. KEYWORDS: communal schools; Harambee ideology, Kenya; GOA (Goan Overseas Association). 6326 Anyang'Nyong'o, P. "The infrastructure of social sciences in

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Kenya." In: Sciences sociales en Afrique/Social Sciences in Africa, edited by Mbonigaba Mugaruka, Mutanda Ntumba, and Mugaruka Chibanguka. Kinshasa, Zaire: CERDAS, 1982. 79-90 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Academic research, Sociological analysis, Education policy, Research and development. KEYWORDS: institutional development; social science discipline. 6327 Barker, David, and Alan Ferguson. "The craft training center as a rural mobilization policy in Kenya." Rural Africana no. 12/13 (Winter/Spring 1981/1982): 75-90. SUBJECTS: Technical training, Rural planning policy, Employment, Nonformal education. KEYWORDS : Village Polytechnics Program; skilled labor; vocational education; Craft Training Center; mobilization. 6328 Bennell, Paul. "Engineering technicians in Africa: A Kenyan case-study." The Journal of Modern African Studies 21, no. 2 (June 1983): 273-291. tables. SUBJECTS: Labor force, Higher education, Education system, Technical training. KEYWORDS: engineering; skilled labor. 6329 Bigsten, Arne. Education and Income Determination in Kenya. Hampshire, UK: Gower, 1984.156pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Education system, Income distribution, Labor union, Education opportunity, Human resources development, Labor market. KEYWORDS: skilled labor; off-farm income; Kenyanization. 6330 Diano, Jane Nyawira. An Investigation of the Causes and Effects of Secondary School Drop-Out in Nairobi City, Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya: ACO (African Curriculum Organization) Project, 1982. 84 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Secondary education, Youth issues, Education system, Behavioral analysis. KEYWORDS: Nairobi, Kenya; school leavers. 6331 Egsmose, Ragna Kopp. "Conflicting values between the traditional socialization system and the modern formal education system and the consequences for the girls: With the case of the Kikuyu." Journal of Eastern African Research and Development 20 (1990): 95-103. SUBJECTS: Traditional society, Education system, Formal education, Women's studies, Education opportunity, Rural population, Gender relations. KEYWORDS: Kikuyu people; Nyeri District. Analyzes the formal education system in Kenya, its values and ideology, and the consequences for girls. Describes the ways that traditional values, which socialize girls to be domestic, and education values, which socialize girls to participate in the capitalist economy, both conflict and cooperate. 6332 Eismon, Thomas Owen, and Andrew Nyamete. "Schooling and agricultural productivity in western Kenya." Journal of Eastern African Research and Development 18 (1988): 44-66. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Education system, Literacy. KEYWORDS: Kisii District, Kenya; fertilizer; agricultural inputs. Assesses the impact that education has on agricultural production, using a case study of the Kisii District of Kenya. Asserts that though production may increase, the amount of input also increases. 6333 Eshiwani, George S. Implementing Educational Policies in Kenya. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1990. 33 pp. SUBJECTS: Education policy, Legal system, Economic growth rate, Population growth, Primary education. KEYWORDS: Kenya development plans. Reviews the educational system in Kenya. Outlines the steps taken since independence to improve that underdeveloped system. Describes the resulting achievements of universal primary education, curriculum revisions, and emphasis on technical skills. Addresses obstacles to better performance. 6334 Gould, W. T. S. "Technical education and migration in Tiriki, western Kenya, 1902-1987." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 88, no. 351 (April 1989): 253-271. SUBJECTS:

Technical training, Migration, Rural population, Education system. KEYWORDS: missionaries; Hoyt, Fred; FAM (Friends African Mission); Kaimosi, Kenya; Western Province, Kenya. Considers rural education in an area of Kakamega District since 1902, a place that has benefited from a range of education services and thus serves as a useful measure of change. Concludes that technical training has made little difference in the lives of the people who live there. 6335 Heath, Carla W. "Politics of broadcasting in Kenya: The case of the Homa Bay community radio station." African Studies Association Papers 28, no. 52 (November 1985): 1-24. SUBJECTS: Mass communication, Foreign aid, Technical training, Rural development, Language policy. KEYWORDS: community participation; UNESCO; radio; Homa Bay, Kenya; community participation. 6336 Kerawalla, Gulistan. "Educational strategies: Kenya and Tanzania." In: Development Issues in Africa, edited by Priya MutalikDesai. Bombay, India: Himalaya, 1982. 120-142 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Education system. KEYWORDS: Addis Ababa Plan 1961; UNESCO; Conference of African Ministers of Education 1961. 6337 King, Kenneth. An Evaluation of Research and Policies on Informal Sector Employment in Developing Countries. Edinburgh, Scotland: Centre of African Studies, Edinburgh University, 1987. 34 pp. SUBJECTS: Employment policy, Informal sector, Nonformal education, Academic research. KEYWORDS: Kenya Employment Mission. Assesses the impact of informal-sector research and policies on employment policy. Evaluates the incorporation of the informal-sector concept into education and employment policy. Offers a commentary on some of the gaps and biases that have marked research and policy in the informal sector. 6338 King, Kenneth. Technical and Vocational Education and Training in Kenya: The Movement Towards a Comprehensive National System. Edinburgh, Scotland: Centre of African Studies, Edinburgh University, 1989. 23 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Technical training, Secondary education, Youth issues. KEYWORDS: vocational education. A paper from the Policy Seminar on the Implementation of the Sessional Paper on Education and Manpower Training, March 19-22, 1989, in Kenya. Examines some of the rationales for vocational education, issues of implementation, and research gaps. 6339 Kinyanjui, Kabiru. Regional and Class Inequalities in Provision of Primary Education in Kenya, 1968-1973: A Historical and Socioeconomic Background. Nairobi, Kenya: Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi, 1982. 86 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Primary education, Class analysis, Education opportunity, Self-help, Socioeconomic analysis, Land reform, Community development. KEYWORDS: regional inequality. 6340 Koech, Michael Kipkorir. "Innovations in science curriculum and constraints on their implementation in developing countries." African Studies Association Papers 24, no. 47/69 (1981): 1-18. tables. SUBJECTS: Education reform, Secondary education. KEYWORDS: biology; curriculum; student evaluation; teacher shortage. 6341 Lindsay, Beverly. "An examination of education, social change, and national development policy: The case of Kenyan women." In: Women and Politics in Twentieth Century Africa and Asia, edited by Vinson H. Sutlive, Nathan Altshuler, and Mario D. Zamora. Williamsburg, Virginia: College of William and Mary, 1981. 29-48 pp. SUBJECTS: Social change, National development, Women's studies, Employment opportunity, Secondary education, Higher education. KEYWORDS: women's education.

KENYA/Environment 6342 Makau, B. M. Equity and Efficiency in Financing Secondary Partnership. Education in Kenya: Key Issues in State-Community Nairobi, Kenya: Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi, 1985. 39 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Secondary education, Development financing, Education opportunity, Development planning, Decentralization. KEYWORDS: school distribution; statecommunity relations; education financing. 6343 Moock, Peter R. "Education and technical efficiency." Economic Development and Cultural Change 29, no. 4 (July 1981): 723-739. tables. SUBJECTS: Education system, Technical training. KEYWORDS: Vikiga, Kenya; Cobb-Douglas model. 6344 Ngau, Margaret. "The gap between promise and performance: Educational policy-making and implementation in Kenya." Ufahamu 18, no. 3 (Fall 1990): 3-20. biblio. SUBJECTS: Education system, Education policy, Education opportunity, Labor force. Examines how effective both policy-making and policy implementation have been in Kenya in reforming the education system to create equal educational opportunities and to enhance labor development. 6345 Ngau, Margaret. "Women's participation in education and national development: The dilemma of institutional bias in Kenya." Ufahamu 16, no. 2 (Winter 1988): 3-20. tables. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Education opportunity, National development, Education system. Examines what prevents women from participating in the formal education system. Reviews the gender bias in colonial education, perceptions of the advantages of formal education, and the disadvantages of its lack. Makes recommendations. 6346 Rathgeber, Eva M. "Education and employment in the informal sector. A review of some recent African research." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 22, no. 2 (1988): 272-286. ALSO COVERS: Uganda, Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Informal sector, Employment, Education policy, Education system. KEYWORDS: skilled labor; apprenticeship; vocational education. Analyzes several important African studies of employment and apprenticeship systems in the informal sector. Recommends that the formal education system be restructured so as to integrate formal and informal learning. Argues for adult education and for recognition of the legitimacy of the informal sector. 6347 Riak, Isaac Cuir. The Economics of Costing and Financing of Educationfor Development in Kenya: A Research Agenda in the 1980s and Beyond. Nairobi, Kenya: Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi, 1987. 22 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Education reform, Development financing, Social development policy, Research and development, Household analysis. KEYWORDS: education financing. Points to education as a central component of economic and social development in Kenya. Investigates the real costs and possible financing of education from the 1980s through the year 2000. Assumes financial constraints on the government and suggests ways to append efficiency, equity, and high quality to education. 6348 Sifuna, Daniel N. "Diversified secondary education: A comparative survey of Kenya and Tanzania." Genève Afrique/Geneva Africa 28, no. 2 (1990): 95-103. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Secondary education, Education policy, Self-reliance. KEYWORDS: diversified education. Examines the attempts by Kenya and Tanzania to diversify secondary education so as to transmit job-oriented skills. Compares educational practices in the two countries from this perspective and assesses their overall impact as a way of illuminating two distinctive modes of development.

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6349 Sifuna, Daniel N. "Universal education and social class formation in Kenya." Ufahamu 15, no. 1/2 (1986): 164-181. SUBJECTS: Education system, Education opportunity, Colonialism, Class formation, Class analysis, Geographical analysis. KEYWORDS: regional inequality; universal education. Demonstrates that Kenya continued the colonial education system, which discriminated on economic and geographic bases. Argues that the formal school system is not equitably distributed and that it creates a self-perpetuating elite by favoring rich, well-educated families and urban residents. 6350 Todaro, Michael P. "Education and national economic development in Kenya." In: Papers on the Kenyan Economy : Performance, Problems and Policies, edited by Tony Killick. Nairobi, Kenya: Heinemann, 1981. 269-278 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: National development, Education policy, Economic development, Employment, Education opportunity. 6351 Waweru, Julius Macharia. Social-Economic Background as an Influence Factor in Pupils' Achievement in Primary Schools in Embu District. Nairobi, Kenya: African Curriculum Organization, 1982. 83 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Primary education, Language policy, Social stratification. KEYWORDS: Embu District, Kenya; education financing. SEE ALSO 914, 956, 5158,14273,14278.

Environment

6352 DANIDA. Country Strategy for Strengthening Environmental Considerations in Danish Development Assistance to Kenya. Copenhagen, Denmak: DANIDA, 1989. 114 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Economic policy, Environmental analysis, Foreign aid, Natural resource management. KEYWORDS: DANIDA (Department of International Development Cooperation). Considers the relationship between economic policies and environmental action. Describes Kenya's sustainable development agenda. Addresses the ways that Danish assistance can more directly incorporate environmental aspects. Presents the importance of environmental issues for Kenya and the context of the issues. 6353 Darkoh, M. B. K. "Kenya's environment and environmental management." Journal of Eastern African Research and Development 20 (1990): 1-40. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Environmental analysis, Natural resource management, Land-use policy, Desertification, Pastoralism. Analyzes the state of the environment in Kenya. Describes government policy toward land use. Examines the ways that human and animal population growth have combined with modernization to disrupt traditional management systems, which had worked quite well. Suggests policies to improve environmental management. 6354 Hughes, Francine. "Conflicting uses for forest resources in the Lower Tana River basin of Kenya." In: Conservation in Africa: People, Policies, and Practice, edited by David Anderson and Richard Grove. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987. 211-228 pp. tables, maps. S U B J E C T S : Natural resource management. KEYWORDS: Lower Tana River basin, Kenya; Bura Irrigation Settlement Scheme. Analyzes the impact of the Bura irrigation scheme on the demand for fuelwood in the Lower Tana River basin. Describes the increased demand for fuelwood and the inadequate level of naturally occurring supplies. Suggests the development of fuelwood plantations to meet the demand.

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6355 Hughes, Francine M. R. "The environmental impact of river basin development: Whose responsibility?" In: Environmental Issues in African Development Planning, edited by J. A. Seeley and W. M. Adams. Cambridge, UK: African Studies Centre, 1988. 15-25 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Environmental analysis, Natural resource management, Energy use, Water supply, Irrigation. KEYWORDS: Tana River Basin, Kenya; firewood; dams; Tana River District, Kenya. Considers environmental problems that have arisen in connection with both dam and irrigation scheme construction in the Tana River Basin in Kenya. Addresses why these problems occurred and why they were neither accurately predicted nor satisfactorily solved. 6356 Krhoda, George Okoye. "Hydrology, water supply and source regions of migration in Kenya: Towards a planning strategy." African Urban Quarterly 3, no. 3/4 (August/November 1988): 265-276. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Water supply, Economic development, Self-help, Migration pattern, Natural resource management, Geographical analysis, Regional development. KEYWORDS: Kenya Ministry of Water Development. Analyzes the geographical distribution of Kenyan water resources and their value as inputs for enhancing economic and social development. Shows that government strategies for water resource exploitation depend on self-help efforts and are inconsistent with the need for regional balance in Kenyan development. 6357 Macodras, Michael W., Philip N. Nthusi, and John Mwikya. "Synoptic features associated with the failure of the 1984 long rains in Kenya." In: Coping with Drought in Kenya: National and Local Strategies, edited by Thomas E. Downing, Kangethe W. Gitu, and Crispin M. Kamau. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1989. 69-81 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Drought, Water supply, Ecological analysis. KEYWORDS: KMD (Kenya Meteorological Department); climate; Kenya drought 1984-1985. Investigates the climatological situation of 1984. Contains graphical representation and surface synoptic and upper-air charts to facilitate understanding of the meteorological situation. Describes the rainfall-monitoring activities of the KMD. 6358 Seeley, J. A., and W. M. Adams, eds. Environmental Issues in African Development Planning. Cambridge, UK: African Studies Centre, 1988. 83 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Mali, Sudan. SUBJECTS: Environmental analysis, Development planning, Agricultural production, Natural resource management, Water supply. Based on papers presented in two series of seminars at the African Studies Centre in Cambridge between 1985 and 1986, referring specifically to water resources and dryland environments. Discusses sustainable agriculture and arid-land rehabilitation and development projects in Mali, Algeria, Sudan, Ethiopia, and Kenya. 6359 Thomas-Slayter, Barbara P., and Richard Ford. "Water, soils, food, and rural development: Examining institutional frameworks in Katheka Sublocation." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 23, no. 2 (1989): 250-271. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Water supply, Natural resource management. KEYWORDS: Katheka Sublocation, Kenya; soil conservation; financial management. Presents research from a Kenyan Sublocation that suggests a new perspective on resource deterioration and productivity decline. Suggests that local natural resource management should be based on the leadership, the viability of organizations at the local level, and the ability of village institutions to manage new technologies or other external factors. SEE ALSO 1009,1015,1030,14790.

Foreign Relations

6360 Coughlin, Peter, Geoffrey Mwau, and Gregory Begumisa. Tied Aid, Industrial Dependence andNew Tactics for Negotiations: Observations from Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya: Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi, 1988. 28 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign aid, Industrial sector, Economic dependency, Import policy, Conflict resolution, International relations. KEYWORDS: tied aid; donor agency. Describes the problems involved in receiving foreign aid from countries who require specific foreign purchases before sending aid. Argues that Kenya loses opportunities for localizing input sources because aid is tied. Uses four case studies to suggest new and more flexible negotiating tactics for Kenya. 6361 Duncan, Alex. "The effectiveness of aid to Kenya: A case study." Institute of Development Studies Bulletin 17, no. 2 (April 1986): 72-76. SUBJECTS: Foreign aid. Compares the effectiveness of program aid versus project aid in Kenya. Addresses project aid in agriculture, energy, transport, rural water, and population growth. Explores why so much project aid falls short of its expected accomplishments. 6362 Gershenberg, Irving. 'Training and spread of managerial know-how, a comparative analysis of multinational and other firms in Kenya." World Development 15, no. 7 (July 1987): 931-939. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Technology transfer, Transnational corporations, Management, Technical training. Investigates an area of multinational activity that has hitherto gone unexplored: the training of indigenous managers and the spread of that transferred know-how throughout the economy. Discusses the significance of management training in Kenya for the successful transfer of technology and its composition. 6363 Khapoya, Vincent B. "Kenya." In: The Political Economy of African Foreign Policy: Comparative Analysis, edited by Timothy M. Shaw and Olajide Aluko. Aldershot, UK: Gower, 1984. 145-164 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Political economy studies. KEYWORDS: Kenyatta, Jomo; OAU; Moi, Daniel arap. 6364 Makinda, Samuel M. "From quiet diplomacy to cold war politics: Kenya's foreign policy." Third World Quarterly 5, no. 2 (April 1983): 300-319. ALSO COVERS: Somalia, Ethiopia. SUBJECTS: International relations, Military policy, Superpower politics. KEYWORDS: US-East Africa relations; USSR-East Africa relations. 6365 Ododa, Harry. "Continuity and change in Kenya's foreign policy from the Kenyatta to the Moi government." Journal of African Studies 13, no. 2 (Summer 1986): 47-57. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Democracy, Political history. KEYWORDS: Kenyatta, Jomo; Moi, Daniel arap. Analyzes Kenya's foreign relations as well as the foreign policy that prompts such relations—relations with neighboring countries, with the West, and with the Communist countries. Discusses Kenya's internal politics, which provide the domestic setting for the country's foreign policy. 6366 Okumu, John J. "Foreign relations: Dilemmas of independence and development." In: Politics and Public Policy in Kenya and Tanzania, edited by Joel D. Barkan and John J. Okumu. New York: Praeger, 1984. 239-266 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, International relations, Foreign aid, Diplomatic relations. KEYWORDS: World Bank; Southern AfricaTanzania relations.

KENYA/General • 4 3 3 6367 Tostensen, Arne, and John G. Scott, eds. Kenya: Country Study and Norwegian Aid Review. Bergen, Norway: Chr. Michelsen Institute, 1987. 429 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign aid, Economic development, Social development policy, International finance, Political development, Population policy. KEYWORDS: Norway-Kenya relations; aid management; multilateral aid. A comprehensive analysis of Kenya's political, social, and economic development in light of Norwegian aid to Kenya. Concludes not only that aid and cooperation between the two countries should continue but also that fresh departures in assistance are needed to further long-term Kenyan development. 6368 Wanjohi, N. Gatheru. "The relationship between economic progress and democracy in Kenya and Tanzania." In: Democratic Theory and Practice in Africa, edited by Walter O. Oyugi, E. S. Atieno Odhiambo, Michael Chege, and Afrifa K. Gitonga. Portsmouth, New Hampshire: Heinemann, 1988. 206-229 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Democracy, International relations, Nationalism, Wealth redistribution, Foreign investment, Industrial development. KEYWORDS: Ujamaa ideology, Tanzania. Raises questions about the comparative performances of Kenya and Tanzania in the fields of development. Addresses both historical roots of the problems and current factors. Concludes that political reciprocity has more impact than anything else in promoting economic progress on the continent. SEE ALSO 1208, 1253, 1282, 1289, 1300, 1362, 1410, 5168, 5171, 5410,13807.

General

6369 No Author. "Culture in dependent Kenya." Journal of African Marxists no. 2 (August 1982): 22-37. SUBJECTS: Cultural policy, Economic dependency, Education policy, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: IMF; KANU (Kenya African National Union). 6370 Ahmed, Karuna. "Education, social equality and social change: In India and Kenya." In: Development Issues in Africa, edited by Priya Mutalik-Desai. Bombay, India: Himalaya, 1982. 143-169 pp. SUBJECTS: Education system, Social change, Economic inequality, Social stratification. KEYWORDS: caste system. 6371 Ahmed, Osman Sheikh. The Potential Effects of Income Redistribution on Selected Growth Constraints: A Case Study of Kenya. Washington, DC: University Press of America, 1982. 344 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Income distribution, Rural development, Household economy, Informal sector, Models. KEYWORDS: economic simulation; equity-growth trade-off theory. 6372 Ake, Claude. "Kenya." In: Indigenization ofAfrican Economic, edited by Adebayo Adedeji. London: Hutchinson, 1981. 187-203 pp. SUBJECTS: Indigenization, Development financing, Industrial development, Rural development. KEYWORDS: KIE (Kenya Industrial Estates); ICDC (Industrial and Commercial Development Corporation); Development Finance Company of Kenya Ltd. 6373 Alila, Patrick. "Administration of cooperatives for rural development in Kenya." In: Challenging Rural Poverty, edited by Fassil Kiros. Trenton, New Jersey: Africa World, 1985. 169-182 pp. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Agricultural cooperatives, Development theory. 6374 Anderson, David L. "Intra-programme resource allocation:

The case of hospitals in Kenya." In: Planning African Development, edited by Glen Norcliffe and Tom Pinfold. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1981. 129-147 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Resource distribution, Health care system, Development planning. KEYWORDS: Kenya Ministry of Health; cost-benefit analysis. 6375 Andreasen, Jorgen. "Urban-rural linkages and their impact on urban housing in Kenya." In: Small Town Africa: Studies in Rural-Urban Interaction, edited by Jonathan Baker. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1990.161-171 pp. SUBJECTS: Rural-urban relations, Housing policy, Urban development, Land tenure system, Case study. KEYWORDS: Thika, Kenya; small towns; DANIDA (Danish International Development Agency); rental housing. Addresses the high rate of rental housing in Thika, a small town near Nairobi. Argues that 90 percent of the residents rent rather than own their house because of deep ties to their rural home. Examines the two-way street of rural-urban migration. Provides case studies of individuals. 6376 Anyang'Nyong'o, P. "Succession et héritage politique." Politique africaine (September 1981): 7-25. SUBJECTS: Political elite, Leadership analysis. KEYWORDS: Kenyatta, Jomo; Moi, Daniel arap; Odinga, Ajuma Oginga; Kikuyu people; Luo people. 6377 Arnold, Guy. Modern Kenya. London: Longman, 1981. 156 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Government analysis, Economic development, Industrial development. KEYWORDS: KANU (Kenya African National Union); Kenyatta, Jomo; OAU; KPU (Kenya People's Union); KTDA (Kenya Tea Development Authority). 6378 Banyikwa, William F. "Signatures of four generations of urban planning in Nairobi, Kenya." Journal ofEastern African Research and Development20 (1990): 186-201.biblio. SUBJECTS : Urban planning policy, Academic research. KEYWORDS: Nairobi, Kenya. Argues that urban planning in Kenya remains essentially the same as it was during colonial times, dependent on an imported philosophy. Describes the four stages of planning Nairobi as Wild West, architectural engineering, the systems approach, and urban management. Examines their landscape signatures on Nairobi. 6379 Barkan, Joel D., and Frank Holmquist. Politics and the Peasantry in Kenya: The Lessons of Harambee. Nairobi, Kenya: Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi, 1986.35 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Peasant society, Smallholder agriculture, Selfhelp, Class formation. KEYWORDS: Harambee ideology, Kenya. Discusses the Harambee movement and the central role it plays in rural Kenyan politics. Examines the degree to which smallholder and middle-level peasants benefit by Harambee projects. 6380 Beckman, Bjorn. "Imperialism and the 'national bourgeoisie.'" Review of African Political Economy 22 (October/December 1981): 5-19. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Industrialization, Imperialism, Bourgeoisie, Marxism, Foreign investment, Underdevelopment, Technological development. KEYWORDS: territorial monopoly. 6381 Berg-Schlosser, Dirk, and Rainer Siegler. Political Stability and Development: A Comparative Analysis of Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1990. 225 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania, Uganda. SUBJECTS: Political stability, Development policy, Statistical analysis. Examines why three similar nations have taken such different paths to development and where those paths have led them. Assesses their performance according to a wide selection of indicators, then pairs these across countries. 6382 Berman, Bruce J. "Encourage and constrain: The state and local enterprise in colonial Kenya." In: Actes du Colloque Entreprises et

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Entrepreneurs en Afrique: XIX et XX siècles, volume 2, edited by Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique, XIX et XX siècles. Paris: France, 1983. 213-227 pp. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p , State power, Capitalist d e v e l o p m e n t . KEYWORDS: Asian people. 6383 Bernard, Frank E. "Kenya's arid and semi-arid lands: How has government responded to environmental hazards?" African Studies Association Papers 26, no. 21 (December 1983): 1-22. SUBJECTS: Environmental degradation, Population growth, Kinship, Livestock production, Land-use policy. KEYWORDS: regional inequality; Swynnerton Plan 1955; Eastern Province, Kenya. 6384 Bernard, Frank E. "Population pressure and redistribution in Kenya." In: Redistribution of Population in Africa, edited by John I. Clarke and Leszek A. Kosinski. London: Heinemann, 1982. 150-156 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Population distribution, Migration, Ecological analysis. 63 85 Bifani, Patricia. "Essai d'interprétation de la dynamique interne du pouvoir au Kénya à travers le discours romanesque de Ngugi Wa Thiong'o." Les Cahiers du CEDAF no. 1/2/3 (March 1987): 200-222. SUBJECTS: Arts, Political power, Literature review. KEYWORDS: African literature; Ngugi Wa Thiong'o. Questions the theoretical use of the novel as an analytical tool for gathering political knowledge of African societies. Questions why the novel should be used as such a tool and advances the methodological options available for such studies. Uses the writing style of Ngugi Wa Thiong'o as an example of the dynamic of forces unleashed in situations of political power. 6386 Billetoft, Jorgen. Rural Nonfarm Enterprises in Western Kenya: Spatial Structure and Development. Copenhagen, Denmark: Centre for Development Research, 1989.142 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Informal sector, Rural development. KEYWORDS: off-farm income; Kericho District, Kenya; Kakamega District, Kenya; Kisii District, Kenya. Presents general views on the nature and dynamics of the rural informal sector. Analyzes spatial organization of nonfarm enterprises. Provides portraits of nonfarm enterprises and their owners. Draws conclusions concerning government and donor policies. 6387 Bogonko, Sorobea Nyachieo. "Catholicism and Protestantism in the socio-economic and political progress of Kenya, 1920-1963." Journal of Eastern African Research and Development 12 (1982): 83-123. SUBJECTS: Christianity, Socioeconomic analysis, Modernization. KEYWORDS: missionaries; Catholic church; Protestantism. 6388 Borton, John. "Overview of the 1984/85 National Drought Relief Program." In: Coping with Drought in Kenya: National and Local Strategies, edited by Thomas E. Downing, Kangethe W. Gitu, and Crispin M. Kamau. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1989. 24-64 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Drought, Foreign aid, Nongovernmental organization. KEYWORDS: National Drought Relief Program 1984/1985; Kenya drought 1984/1985. Provides an overview of the national response to the drought in Kenya. Focuses on the central government, donors, and major issues concerning nongovernmental organizations. Offers a provisional assessment of the relief program. 6389 Bradshaw, York W. "Perpetuating underdevelopment in Kenya: The link between agriculture, class and state." The African Studies Review 33, no. 1 (April 1990): 1-28. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Underdevelopment, State power, Class analysis, Land tenure system, Foreign capital. Analyzes the conflict between external capital (foreign) and internal capital (local, state, and private) in the modern economy of Kenya. Contrasts this with the agricultural sector, where land is fought

over by small and large farmers with the large farmer usually on top. 6390 Buch-Hansen, Mogens, and Jan Kieler. 'The development of capitalism and the transformation of the peasantry in Kenya." Rural Africana no. 15/16 (Winter/Spring 1983): 13-40. tables. SUBJECTS: Capitalist development, Class analysis, Peasant society, Commodity production. 6391 Bukusi, J. B. M„ and Simon K. Mbarire. "Effect of the 1984 drought on education." In: Coping with Drought in Kenya: National and Local Strategies, edited by Thomas E. Downing, Kangethe W. Gitu, and Crispin M. Kamau. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1989. 299-305 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Drought, Education policy, Nongovernmental organization. KEYWORDS: Kenya drought 19841985; School Feeding Programme. Examines the School Feeding Programme and its response to the 1984 drought. Discusses the program's expansion, which not only fed people but also prevented a decline in school enrollment. 6392 Caplan, B. R. The Village Polytechnic Training Scheme in Kenya—Education for Stagnation or Development? Norwich, UK: School of Development Studies, University of East Anglia, 1981. 84 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Technical training, Rural development, Government economic management, Migration pattern. KEYWORDS: Village Polytechnic Training Scheme; artisans; Kenyenya, Kenya; Othaya, Kenya. 6393 Carron, G. 'The functioning and effects of the Kenya literacy program." The African Studies Review 33, no. 3 (December 1990): 97-117. tables. SUBJECTS: Literacy, Political analysis, Statistical analysis, Research methodology. KEYWORDS: numeracy skills. Explains and gives results of a research project designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a Kenyan literacy and numeracy campaign. Statistics are given for 1980,1983 and 1985 regarding the total number of students certified, the location of instruction, years of instruction per pupil, and performance levels on exams. 6394 Central Bureau of Statistics. A Situation Analysis of Children and Women in Kenya: Development Policies and Issues. Vol. 2 of 4. Nairobi, Kenya: Central Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Finance & Planning, 1984. 59 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Children, Women's studies, Development planning, Agricultural production, Employment, Population growth, Government expenditure. 6395 Chege, Michael. "Tale of two slums: Electoral politics in Mathare and Dagoretti." Review of African Political Economy 20 (January/April 1981): 74-88. tables. SUBJECTS: Urban poverty, Elections, Capitalist development, Housing policy, Ethnic conflict, Religion. KEYWORDS: Kikuyu people; Dagoretti, Kenya; Mathare Valley, Kenya; slums. 6396 Chege, Michael. 'The state and labour in Kenya." In: Popular Struggles for Democracy in Africa, edited by Peter Anyang Nyong'o. Tokyo, Japan: Zed, 1987. 248-264 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Working class, Income distribution, Trade union. KEYWORDS: state-labor relations. Explores the social and economic characteristics of the working class in Kenya after independence. Reviews conceptualizations of the working class in African society. 6397 Clayton, Eric S. "Programming rural employment opportunities in Kenya." In: Papers on the Kenyan Economy: Performance, Problems and Policies, edited by Tony Killick. Nairobi, Kenya: Heinemann, 1981. 238-244 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Employment opportunity, Rural development, Smallholder agriculture, Economic policy. KEYWORDS: income generation; Nyeri District, Kenya. 6398 Cleary, A. S. "The myth of Mau Mau in its international

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context." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 89, no. 355 (April 1990): 227-245. SUBJECTS: Liberation movement, Colonialism, International relations, Propaganda. KEYWORDS: Mau Mau movement; UK-Kenya relations; India-Kenya relations; RSAKenya relations; US-Kenya relations. Discusses the varying foreign views of the Mau Mau movement and whom those views served. Argues that a wide international perspective is needed to understand the propaganda dispensed about the revolt—propaganda that isolated it as peculiar and bloodthirsty and kept external influences to a minimum. 6399 Cohen, Michael. "Agrarian problem: Notes on the Nairobi discussion." Review of African Political Economy 20 (January/April 1981): 57-73. tables. SUBJECTS: Agrarian economy, Class formation, Foreign investment, Capitalist development, Property rights, Household analysis. KEYWORDS: wage labor. 6400 Collier, Valerie G., and Henry Rempel. "The divergence of private from social costs in rural-urban migration: A case study of Nairobi." In: Papers on the Kenyan Economy: Performance, Problems and Policies, edited by Tony Killick. Nairobi, Kenya: Heinemann, 1981. 228-237 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Ruralurban migration, Economic analysis, Socioeconomic analysis. KEYWORDS: Nairobi, Kenya; social costs. 6401 Collison, Robert Lewis. Kenya. Oxford, UK: Clio, 1982. 157 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Biography, Legal system, Political analysis, Geographical analysis, Economic analysis, International relations. 6402 Connely, W. Thomas. "Insect and weed control in subsistence farming systems: Western Kenya." In: Anthropology of Development and Change in East Africa, edited by Peter Little and David Brokensha. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1988. 121-135 pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural technology, Subsistence farming. KEYWORDS: insect control; weeds; Western Province, Kenya. Describes the history of crop infestations from the colonial period on. Suggests control measures for some of the major problems such as stem borers and striga weed. 6403 Cook, Paul, and Balder Von Hohenbalken. "Accounting prices for project appraisal in Kenya." In: Planning African Development, edited by Glen Norcliffe and Tom Pinfold. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1981. 148-168 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Project design, Government economic management, Research methodology, Industrial sector, Development financing. KEYWORDS: accounting; project evaluation. 6404 Cook, Paul. "Raising nutritional levels and rural development in Kenya." In: Planning African Development, edited by Glen Norcliffe and Tom Pinfold. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1981. 19-38 pp. SUBJECTS: Nutrition, Employment, Credit policy, Appropriate technology, Consumption pattern, Rural development, Fishing industry. KEYWORDS: Nyanza Province, Kenya. 6405 Cook, Paul. "The fishing sector in Kenya." Manchester Papers on Development: Employment, Peripheral Activities and Development no. 7 (1983): 93-158. SUBJECTS: Fishing industry, Small business. 6406 Court, David. "The education system as a response to inequality." In: Politics and Public Policy in Kenya and Tanzania, edited by Joel D. Barkan and John J. Okumu. New York: Praeger, 1984. 209-238 pp. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Education policy, Resource distribution, Economic inequality. KEYWORDS: TANU. 6407 Court, David. 'The education system as a response to ine-

quality." In: Papers on the Kenyan Economy: Performance, Problems and Policies, edited by Tony Killick. Nairobi, Kenya: Heinemann, 1981. 287-291 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Education policy, Economic inequality, Resource distribution. KEYWORDS: TANU. 6408 Davison, Jean. Voices from Mutira: Lives of Rural Gikuyu Women. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1989. 235 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Sociological analysis, Demographic analysis, Biography. KEYWORDS: Kikuyu people; Kirinyaga District, Kenya; Mutira location, Kenya. Based on a survey of 101 Gikuyu women. Explains how and why narratives were collected and how they contribute to the literature. Gives voice to seven women within one cultural group who vary by age, marital circumstance, work, and personality. 6409 Daystar Communications. Baseline Country Profiles for Open Doors: Country Report,Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya: Daystar Communications, 1984. 84 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Political development, Economic analysis, Population growth, Christianity, Foreign trade. KEYWORDS: church-state relations; social history. 6410 Delp, Peter. "District planning in Kenya." In: Papers on the Kenyan Economy: Performance, Problems and Policies, edited by Tony Killick. Nairobi, Kenya: Heinemann, 1981.117-126 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Regional planning policy, Decentralization, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: Kenyan district development plans. 6411 Dewar, D., A. Todes, and V. Watson. Urbanization: Responses and Policies in Four Case Studies: Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Cape Town, RSA: University of Cape Town, 1982.133 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania, Zambia. SUBJECTS: Rural-uiban migration, Labor force, Demographic analysis, Urbanization. 6412 Durrani, Shiraz. Kimaathi: Mau Mau's First Prime Minister of Kenya. Wembley, UK: Vita, 1986. 52 pp. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Armed c o n f l i c t , Liberation movement, Political history. KEYWORDS: Mau Mau movement; KLFA (Kenya Land and Freedom Army); Kenya Defence Council; Kimaathi wa Waciuri. Summarizes the history of the KLFA and its leader, Kimaathi wa Waciuri, during the struggle against colonialism. Discusses the postindependence struggle against neocolonialism. 6413 Edgerton, Robert B. Mau Mau: An African Crucible. New York: Free Press, 1989.298 pp. SUBJECTS: Race relations, Resource distribution, Resistance movement. KEYWORDS: Mau Mau movement; Kenyatta, Jomo; Kikuyu people. Examines the Mau Mau rebellion from its beginning in 1952, particularly its nature as a grassroots movement and participation by the poor. 6414 Ergas, Zaki R. "Kenya's Special Rural Development Program (SRDP): Was it really a failure?" The Journal of Developing Areas 17, no. 1 (October 1982): 51-66. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Infrastructure, Agricultural policy, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: Kenya Special Rural Development Programme 1970-1974. 6415 Farmer, Graham. "Rainfall variability in tropical Africa and Kenya." In: Coping with Drought in Kenya: National and Local Strategies, edited by Thomas E. Downing, Kangethe W. Gitu, and Crispin M. Kamau. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1989. 82-93 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Africa. SUBJECTS: Drought, Ecological analysis. KEYWORDS: Kenya drought 1984-1985; climate. Provides an analysis of rainfall in Kenya and the surrounding area, divided by coast and highlands. Argues that because Kenya is a trading nation based on agricultural production, an understanding of

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year-to-year rainfall fluctuations over the region could be an important economic tool. 6416 Faruqee, Rashid. "Fertility and its trend in Kenya." Rural Africana no. 14 (Fall 1982): 25-48. tables. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Statistical analysis, Fertility, Women's rights, Family. 6417 Fleuret, Anne. "Food aid and development in rural Kenya." In: Anthropology of Development and Change in East Africa, edited by Peter Little and David Brokensha. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1988. 77-98 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Food aid, Nutrition, Rural development. KEYWORDS: US Agricultural Trade and Assistance Act 1954; US-Kenya relations. Analyzes the impact of US food aid on rural Kenyan households and the degree to which this food aid actually enables family members to prosper economically and better their nutritional status. Concludes with four points that compare the stated objectives of food aid with the actual results. 6418 Fleuret, Anne. "Some consequences of tenure and agrarian reform in Taita, Kenya." In: Land and Society in Contemporary Africa, edited by R. E. Downs and S. P. Reyna. Hanover, New Hampshire: University Press of New England, 1988. 136-158 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Resource distribution, Land reform, Land tenure system, Women's rights. KEYWORDS: Taita people. Analyzes the consequences of land reform among the patrilineal Taita in Southeastern Kenya. Finds that land reform has failed to provide the majority of the population with farms capable of satisfying their food and cash needs and that it has helped to perpetuate existing inequities in land distribution. 6419 Fowler, A. F. "Seasonal aspects of education in Eastern and Southern Africa." In: Development Options for Africa: In the 1980s and Beyond, edited by P. Ndegwa, L. P. Mureithi, and R. H. Green. Nairobi, Kenya: Oxford University Press, 1985. 153-162 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Education system, Rural development, Household analysis. KEYWORDS: child labor; Embu District, Kenya; South Nyanza District, Kenya; Tana River District, Kenya. 6420 Freeman, Don, and Glen Norcliffe. "The rural nonfarm sector and the development process in Kenya." In: Planning African Development, edited by Glen Norcliffe and Tom Pinfold. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1981. 62-78 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Models, Employment. KEYWORDS: rural nonfarm sector. 6421 Freeman, Donald B., and Glen B. Norcliffe. Rural Enterprise in Kenya: Development and Spatial Organization of the Nonfarm Sector. Chicago, Illinois: Department of Geography, University of Chicago, 1985. 180 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Informal sector, Rural development, Public sector, Agricultural sector, Employment. KEYWORDS: rural industry; Central Province, Kenya; spatial analysis; off-farm income. 6422 Furedi, Frank. The Mau Mau War in Perspective. London: James Currey, 1989.239 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Resistance movement, Squatter community. KEYWORDS: Mau Mau movement; Kikuyu people. Describes the politicization of the squatter movement and how it led to the Mau Mau rebellion and the struggle by landless Kikuyu for rights to European-held farms. 6423 Geider, Thomas. "Beekeeping and honeywine in Pokomo culture, history, and lexicography." In: Transition and Continuity of Identity in East Africa and Beyond: In Memoriam David Miller, edited by Elisabeth Linnebuhr. Bayreuth, West Germany: Bayreuth University, 1989. 111-161 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Cultural policy, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: Pokomo people; beekeeping;

honeywine. Presents a comprehensive treatise on the Pokomo beekeeping complex. Focuses on the technical details of beekeeping, examining the subsistence and trade uses of honey. Presents a short lexicographical discussion concerning beekeeping. 6424 Gershenberg, Irving. Multinational Enterprises, Transfer of Managerial Know-How, Technology Choice and Employment Effects: A Case Study of Kenya. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1983. 33 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Transnational corporations, Technology transfer, Employment, Technical training, Management. 6425 Gershenberg, Irving. Slack in Kenya's Modern Manufacturing Sector. Boston, Massachusetts: African Studies Center, Boston University, 1985. 15 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Manufacturing sector, Transnational corporations, Capital formation, Employment, Management. KEYWORDS: capacity utilization. 6426 Gyllstrom, Bjorn. "Administered interdependences vs spatial integration: The case of agricultural service cooperatives in Kenya." In: State, Cooperatives and Rural Change, edited by Bjom Gyllstrom and Franz-Michael Rundquist. Lund, Sweden: Lund University Press, 1989. 5-56 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural cooperatives, Research methodology. KEYWORDS: agricultural service societies; MOCD (Ministry of Co-operative Development). Discusses the direct and indirect influences of policies and government intervention on the structure, behavior, and impact of agricultural service societies in Kenya. Highlights the influence of cooperatives on the production by and the living conditions of smallholders. 6427 Gyllstrom, Bjorn, and Franz-Michael Rundquist, eds. State, Cooperatives and Rural Change. Lund, Sweden: Lund University Press, 1989. 149 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Ethiopia. SUBJECTS: State power, Cooperatives, Peasant class, Development policy, Rural development, Decolonization. KEYWORDS: rural change; AMC (Agricultural Marketing Corporation); PC (Producer's Cooperatives); Egypt-Africa relations. Examines state policy with respect to agricultural cooperatives and rural development in Kenya, Ethiopia, and Egypt. Explores how prescribed organizational behavior and interdependencies condition the local consequences of cooperatives. 6428 Haakansson, Thomas. Landless Gusii Women: A Result of Customary Land Law and Modern Marriage Patterns. Uppsala, Sweden: University of Uppsala, 1986. 18 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Marriage, Traditional legal system, Land tenure system, Resource distribution. KEYWORDS: women's social role; land law. Shows how the breakdown of the marriage system is producing a growing number of women who are socially and economically marginalized. Concludes that the most serious threat to Gussi women's economic security and to their access to land lies in the changing marriage system. 6429 Hazlewood, Arthur. "Kenyan land-transfer programmes and their relevance for Zimbabwe." The Journal of Modern African Studies 23, no. 3 (September 1985): 445-461. tables. ALSO COVERS: Zimbabwe. SUBJECTS: Land tenure system, Historical analysis, Colonialism, Foreign aid, Land reform. KEYWORDS: Harambee ideology, Kenya; ADC (Agricultural Development Corporation); Shirika Scheme; Land Tenure Act 1969. 6430 Himmelstrand, Karin. "Head of the family." In: The Peripheral Centre: Swedish Assistance to Africa in Relation to Women, edited by Karin Himmelstrand and Noella Bickham. Stockholm, Sweden: SIDA, 1985. 154-171 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Women and develop-

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6431 Hoekstra, D. A. The Use of Economics in Diagnosis and Design of Agroforestry Systems. Nairobi, Kenya: International Council for Research in Agroforestry, 1985. 85 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Land-use policy, Socioeconomic analysis, Farming system. KEYWORDS: firewood; Machakos District, Kenya; agroforestry.

cotton farmers." The Journal of Developing Areas 23, no. 4 (July 1989): 535-544. tables. SUBJECTS: Smallholder agriculture, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: cotton; CDP (Cotton Production Program). Analyzes the response of Kenyan smallholder farmers to government incentives for increased cotton production under the CDP. Notes the rapid expansion in cotton production that followed the government incentives and demonstrates the necessity of maintaining such government incentives for continued production at those high levels.

6432 Hosier, Richard N. "The informal sector in Kenya: Spatial variation and developmental alternatives." The Journal of Developing Areas 21, no. 4 (July 1987): 383-402. SUBJECTS: Urban population, Informal sector, Development theory. KEYWORDS: Nairobi, Kenya; Meru, Kenya. Asks whether informal-sector operators constitute a passive, exploited reserve army or a significant contribution to economic growth. Surveys informal-sector establishments in Nairobi and Meru, and examines how they fit into the urban heirachy. Reviews the literature on the informal sector.

6440 Jules-Rosette, Bennetta. Terminal Signs: Computers and Social Change in Africa. Berlin, West Germany: Mouton de Gruyter, 1990. 424 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Côte d'Ivoire, Africa. SUBJECTS: Technological development, Sociological analysis. KEYWORDS: computers. Establishes a theoretical and ethnographic background for a comparative study of microcomputers in Kenya and Côte d'Ivoire. Presents ethnographic data on computer adoption drawn from work and educational settings in these two countries. Analyzes computer adoption and postmodemity in Africa.

6433 House, William J. "Nairobi's informal sector: An exploratory study." In: Papers on the Kenyan Economy: Performance, Problems and Policies, edited by Tony Killick. Nairobi, Kenya: Heinemann, 1981. 357-368 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Informal sector, Urban development, Economic analysis, Government regulation. KEYWORDS: Nairobi, Kenya.

6441 Juma, Calestous. Biological Diversity and Innovation: Conserving and Utilizing Genetic Resources in Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya: African Centre for Technology Studies, 1989. 139 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Africa. SUBJECTS: Development theory, Economic history, Agricultural sector, Scientific research. KEYWORDS: Bungoma Area, Kenya; conservation; genetic resources; biotechnology. Illustrates the long-term implications of genetic resources conservation and utilization for Africa in general and Kenya in particular. Argues that although Kenya has made major advances in environmental conservation, specific activities to conserve biological diversity must be undertaken.

ment, Foreign aid, Public health. KEYWORDS: SIDA (Swedish International Development Authority).

6434 Hoyle, B. S. Seaports and Development: The Experience of Kenya and Tanzania. New York: Gordon and Breach, 1983. 254 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Transportation system, Export policy, Regional development. KEYWORDS: shipping; ports. 6435 Hoyle, Brian S. "Seaport systems and development processes: The port cities of the Indian Ocean coast of East Africa." African Studies Association Papers 27, no. 50 (October 1984): 1-17. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Transportation system, Industrial development, Regional development, Import policy, Technology. KEYWORDS: shipping; Indian Ocean; ports; Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Mombasa, Kenya. 6436 Hunt, Diana. 'The limited scope for poverty reduction through non-farm employment." Manchester Papers on Development: Employment, Peripheral Activities and Development no. 7 (1983): 1-52. SUBJECTS: Poverty, Employment, Informal sector, Development policy. KEYWORDS: off-farm income. 6437 Hyman, Eric L. "Strategy of production and distribution of improved charcoal stoves in Kenya." World Development 15, no. 3 (March 1987): 375-386. tables. SUBJECTS: Energy use, Appropriate technology, Household analysis, Marketing, Informal sector. KEYWORDS: fuel; charcoal stoves; traditional technology; ceramics. Maintains that more than 125,000 fuel-efficient, ceramic-lined charcoal stoves have been disseminated in Kenya. Discusses the relative success of these household stoves, the new technological improvements in increasing quality control and productivity, and the desirability of upgrading the ceramics technology. 6438 International Labour Organisation. Rural-Urban Gap and Income Distribution: The Case of Kenya. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: International Labour Office, 1984. 67 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Sierra Leone, Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Rural-urban relations, Income distribution, Education system, Housing policy, Migration, Agricultural production, Health care policy. KEYWORDS: urban bias; wage level; regional inequality. 6439 Jones, Eugene. "The supply responsiveness of small Kenyan

6442 Kaplinsky, Raphie. "Capitalist accumulation in the periphery: Kenya." In: Industry and Accumulation in Africa, edited by Martin Fransman. London: Heinemann, 1982. 193-221 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Capital accumulation, State intervention, Bourgeoisie, Foreign capital. KEYWORDS : Leys, Colin; traditional industry; coreperiphery relations. 6443 Karp, Ivan. "Power and capacity in rituals of possession." In: Creativity of Power: Cosmology and Action in African Societies, edited by W. Arens and Ivan Karp. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989. 91-109 pp. SUBJECTS: Gender relations, Anthropological analysis. KEYWORDS: spirit possession; Iteso people. Addresses spirit possession among the Iteso people of Kenya. Explores how Iteso notions of power are part of beliefs about attitudes toward possession. 6444 K e n y a National Archives. A Guide to Government Monographs, Reports, and Research Works. Nairobi, Kenya: Kenya National Archives, 1984. 157 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Government analysis. KEYWORDS: public record; covert activities; government documents. 6445 Kenya National Archives. A Guide to Selected Documents on Political Organizations in Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya: Kenya National Archives, 1984. 42 pp. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Political parties. 6446 Kenya National Library Service. Kenya Population: Annotated Bibliography 1975-85. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Coordinating Unit, Population Information Network for Africa, 1986. 158 pp. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Population distribution, Family planning, Economic development, Migration pattern, Ethnicity, Household analysis. KEYWORDS: census. A bibliography including materials concerning population

438 • KENYA/General growth and distribution and the effect of population on various sectors of Kenya's economy. 6447 Khadiagala, Gilbert M., and Michael G. Schatzberg, eds. "The Kenyan bourgeoisie, external capital, and the state: An introduction." In: The Political Economy of Kenya, edited by Michael G. Schatzberg. New York: Praeger, 1987. 1-13 pp. biblio, maps. SUBJECTS: Bourgeoisie, Foreign capital, Ethnicity, Government analysis, Capitalist development. KEYWORDS: state-bourgeoisie relations. Outlines academic debates over the emergence of the Kenyan bourgeoisie and its relationship to the Kenyan state, foreign capital, and development. Discusses ethnicity as a potentially important factor in Kenya's political economy. 6448 Khainza, Mary Margaret. Illicit Trade: South Mbale District, Kenya-Uganda Border. Kampala, Uganda: Makerere University, 1981. 30 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Uganda. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Government regulation. KEYWORDS: parallel economy; South Mbale District, Kenya; smuggling; border relations; Kenya-Uganda relations. 6449 Khapoya, Vincent B. "Political economy and foreign policy of Kenya." African Studies Association Papers 24, no. 47/69 (1981): 1-18. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, Political economy studies, Dependency theory. KEYWORDS: Harambee ideology, Kenya; Kenyatta, Jomo; Moi, Daniel arap. 6450 Kimuyu, P. K. 'The disintegration of the international oil industry and after: Implications for Kenya." Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review 3, no. 2 (June 1987): 62-70. SUBJECTS: Oil industry, International economic system, National development. Highlights the international oil industry, its relationship to the Kenyan refining process, and how changes in the oil industry will affect downstream and upstream investments in Kenya. 6451 Kitching, Gavin. "Politics, method, and evidence in the 'Kenya debate.'" In: Contradictions of Accumulation in Africa: Studies in Economy and State, edited by Henry Bernstein and Bonnie Campbell. Beverly Hills, California: Sage, 1985. 115-151 pp. SUBJECTS: Academic research, Literature review, Development theory, Research methodology, Political development. 6452 Knowles, Joan N., and D. P. Collett. "Nature as myth, symbol and action: Notes towards a historical understanding of development and conservation in Kenyan Maasailand." Africa: Journal of the International African Institute/Revue de l'Instituí Africain International 59, no. 4 (1989): 433-460. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Colonialism, Cultural identity, Social development policy. KEYWORDS: Maasai people; tourism. Describes the insights that a history of the cultural logics of both the colonizers and the colonized can offer. Explores the early images of the Maasai as natural man—images that have seen little change— and documents the continuing mythologizing of the Maasai. Asks what created reserves mean in this context. 6453 Kobiah, Samuel Mugwika. 'The origins of squatting and community organization in Nairobi." African Urban Studies 19/20 (Fall 1984/Winter 1985): 1-107. tables. SUBJECTS: Urban development, Rural-urban migration, Squatter community, Historical analysis, Labor force, Taxation policy. KEYWORDS: Nairobi, Kenya; White Highlands, Kenya; community participation; NCCK (National Christian Council of Kenya). 6454 Kohler, Thomas. "Mount Kenya: The forest belt and its utilization." In: Mount Kenya Area: Contributions to Ecology and SocioEconomy, edited by Matthias Winiger, Manuel Flury, Hans Hurni, and Christian Leibundgut. Bern, Switzerland: Geographica Bernensia, 1986. 91-103 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Ecological analysis,

Geographical analysis, Forestry industry. KEYWORDS: Mount Kenya. Uses the Mount Kenya forest reserve as an example to explore the impact of Kenyan forestry policy on forest utilization and conservation. 6455 Langdon, Steven W. Multinational Corporations in the Political Economy of Kenya. New York: St. Martin's, 1981. 229 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Transnational corporations, Political economy studies, Export policy, Import substitution. KEYWORDS: Kenyatta, Jomo; ILO Kenya report 1972; subsidiaries. 6456 Lavrijsen, J. S. G. Rural Poverty and Impoverishment in Western Kenya. Utrecht, Netherlands: Geografisch Instituut, Rijksuniversiteit, 1984. 175 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Rural poverty, Population density, Land-use policy, Household analysis, Environmental analysis. KEYWORDS: resource base; offfarm income. 6457 Lee-Smith, Diana. "Urban management in Nairobi: A case study of the matatu mode of public transport." In: African Cities in Crisis: Managing Rapid Urban Growth, edited by Richard E. Stren and Rodney R. White. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1989. 276-304 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Transportation system, Informal sector, Reform. KEYWORDS: Nairobi City Council; Nairobi, Kenya; matatu (mode of transport). Examines the matatu mode of transport as an example of an informal-sector activity in transition to the formal sector. Concludes that the Nairobi City Council is unwilling to deal directly with the informal sector and recognizes an apparent weakness in the planning function. 6458 Leys, Colin. "A critique of the ILO report." In: Papers on the Kenyan Economy: Performance, Problems and Policies, edited by Tony Killick. Nairobi, Kenya: Heinemann, 1981. 136-141 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Employment, Economic analysis, Income distribution. KEYWORDS: ILO Kenya report 1972. 6459 Lindsay, W. K. "Integrating parks and pastoralists: Some lessons from Amboseli." In: Conservation in Africa: People, Policies, and Practice, edited by David Anderson and Richard Grove. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987. 149-168 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Pastoralism, Natural resource management. KEYWORDS: Maasai people; Amboseli Park, Kenya. Discusses the struggle between Maasai pastoralists and the Kenyan government over the creation of Amboseli National Park. Notes the success of the government policy that chose to integrate the local Maasai into the proposed park plans. 6460 Livingstone, Ian. Rural Development, Employment, and Incomes in Kenya: Report prepared for the ILO's Jobs and Skills Programme for Africa (JASPA). Vol. 1 of 2. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: International Labour Office, JASPA, 1981. 567 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Employment, Migration pattern, Population growth, Income distribution, Agricultural labor. KEYWORDS: rural labor; rural industry; district planning. 6461 Liyai, H. A. Co-operative Development in Kenya: A Bibliography. Nairobi, Kenya: Kenyan Economic Association, 1986. 28 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Cooperatives, Nonformal education, Historical analysis, Legal system. A bibliography on cooperative development in Kenya. Includes journals, books, monographs, articles, and unpublished reports. 6462 Lockhart, Lawrence. "The economics of nine years' education for all." In: Papers on the Kenyan Economy: Performance, Problems and Policies, edited by Tony Killick. Nairobi, Kenya: Heinemann, 1981. 279-286 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Education policy,

KENYA/General • 4 3 9 Employment, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: National Committee on Education Objectives and Policies report 1977. 6463 MacKenzie, Fiona, and D. R. F. Taylor. "The district focus as a strategy for rural development in Kenya: The case of Murang'a district, Central Province." Revue canadienne d'études de développement/Canadian Journal of Development Studies 8, no. 2 (1987): 299-316. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Poverty, Agricultural production, Household analysis, Local development, Decentralization. KEYWORDS: development participation; District Focus Strategy for Rural Development; district planning; Murang'a District, Kenya; Central Province, Kenya. States that after pursuing a highly centralized development plan since 1963, Kenya introduced a district focus in 1983. Argues that this new approach to development has significant influence on rural Kenya by examining the case of Murang'a District. Suggests that the new focus may be a guise for centralization. 6464 Maganda, B. F. "Surveys and activities of the Central Bureau of Statistics related to food monitoring." In: Coping with Drought in Kenya: National and Local Strategies, edited by Thomas E. Downing, Kangethe W. Gitu, and Crispin M. Kamau. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1989. 106-118 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Statistical analysis, Food production. KEYWORDS: CFS (Crop Forecast Survey); CHANIS (Child Health and Nutrition Information System); Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics. Describes the activities of the Central Bureau of Statistics, with a particular focus on the 1984 drought. Concludes that the Central Bureau of Statistics has played a leading role in the development of a systematic food-monitoring system. 6465 Maitha, J. K., and M. Manundu. "Production techniques, factor proportions and elasticities of substitution." In: Papers on the Kenyan Economy: Performance, Problems and Policies, edited by Tony Killick. Nairobi, Kenya: Heinemann, 1981. 245-253 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Employment opportunity, Industrial production, Economic analysis, Policy analysis. KEYWORDS: elasticity. 6466 Makokha, Joseph. The District Focus: Conceptual and Management Problems. Nairobi, Kenya: Africa Press Research Bureau, 1985. 210 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Local development, Administration, Peasant class, Management. KEYWORDS: district planning; institutional development. 6467 McCormick, Dorothy. "Fundis and formality: Very small manufacturers in Nairobi." In: The Political Economy of Kenya, edited by Michael G. Schatzberg. New York: Praeger, 1987. 161-176 pp. SUBJECTS: Informal sector, Manufacturing sector. KEYWORDS: Nairobi, Kenya; small-scale industry. Outlines theoretical and practical difficulties in defining the informal sector. Elaborates on the concept of formality as a continuum and suggests how the continuum approach might be used. Situates the informal-sector debate within continuing discussions on the nature of economic development.

In: Politics and Public Policy in Kenya and Tanzania, edited by Joel D. Barkan and John J. Okumu. New York: Praeger, 1984.154-178 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Land reform, Economic inequality. KEYWORDS: TANU; urban bias. 6470 Milanesi, Renzo. "Planning and evaluation of rural electrification in Kenya." In: Planning African Development, edited by Glen Norcliffe and Tom Pinfold. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1981. 169-194 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Energy use, Economic planning, Urban development. KEYWORDS: rural electrification; East African Power and Lighting Company; Kenya development plans; electricity. 6471 Miller, Norman N. Kenya: The Quest for Prosperity. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1984. 180 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Africa. SUBJECTS: International economic relations, Colonialism, Political system, Economic development. KEYWORDS: Moi, Daniel arap; Kenyatta, Jomo; KANU (Kenya African National Union). 6472 Mkangi, George C. The Social Cost of Small Families and Land Reform: A Case Study of the Wataita of Kenya. Oxford, UK: Pergamon, 1983.162 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Family, Land reform, Traditional society, Food production, Socioeconomic analysis, Colonialism, Population growth. KEYWORDS: Wataita people; Taita-Taveta District, Kenya. 6473 Mureithi, L. P., and K. L. Sharma. "Growth linkages between agriculture and industry in Kenya." Journal of Eastern African Research and Development 14 (1984): 147-161. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Agricultural sector, Industrial sector, Employment. KEYWORDS: intersectoral linkage; agroindustry. 6474 Murphy, John F. "Legitimation and paternalism: The colonial state in Kenya." The African Studies Review 29, no. 3 (September 1986): 55-67. SUBJECTS: Government analysis, Colonialism. Raises questions about political legitimacy and paternalism in the colonial period in Kenya in order to discern a pattern of continuity between the colonial and postcolonial periods. Concludes that the postcolonial state adheres as little as did its predecessor to such political norms as the rule of law, freedom of the press, and democratic participation. 6475 Murungi, Kiraitu. "Human rights at the grassroots: Some thoughts on the implementation of human rights in the rural areas." Journal of Eastern African Research and Development 16 (1986): 70-79. SUBJECTS: Legal system, Human rights, Colonialism, Rural population, Peasant class, Grassroots movement. KEYWORDS: KANU (Kenya African National Union). Assesses Kenya's human rights policy from the point of view of the agrarian farmer. Asserts that Kenyan human rights policies are flawed because the farmers are not made aware of their rights. 6476 Mutunga, Willy. "Commercial law and development in Kenya." Ufahamu 12, no. 1 (Fall 1982): 19-50. SUBJECTS: Legal system, Commercial sector, Development policy, Neocolonialism.

6468 McMahon, Gary. "Does a small developing country benefit from international commodity agreements? The case of coffee and Kenya." Economic Development and Cultural Change 35, no. 2 (January 1987): 409-423. tables. SUBJECTS: Commodity production, Foreign trade, Statistical analysis, Agricultural production. KEYWORDS: international commodity agreement; coffee. Asserts that the Kenyan economy does not benefit much from international commodity agreements. Uses mathematical and economic models to show this. Contends that had Kenyan policy been more geared to controlling coffee output, it would have benefited significantly from such agreements.

6477 Mwabu, Germano M. "Nonmonetary factors in the household choice of medical facilities." Economic Development and Cultural Change 37, no. 2 (January 1989): 383-392. tables. SUBJECTS: Household analysis, Health service, Statistical analysis. KEYWORDS: seasonality; Rural Health Unit. Claims that time is an important factor in medical care demand. Demonstrates that seasonality changes the costs of time for farm households and thus lowers the willingess of households to spend time on medical services during the rainy season. Examines unobservable clinic-specific factors as influences as well.

6469 Migot-Adholla, S. E. "Rural development policy and equality."

6478 Mwaria, Cheryl Benoit. "Rural-urban labor migration and

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family arrangements among the Kamba." In: Transformation and Resiliency in Africa: As Seen by Afro-American Scholars, edited by Pearl T. Robinson and Elliott P. Skinner. Washington, DC: Howard University Press, 1983.29-43 pp. SUBJECTS: Rural-urban migration, Household analysis, Division of labor, Labor migration. KEYWORDS: Kitui Kamba people. 6479 Nellis, J. R. "The administration of rural development." In: Urbanization and Development Planning in Kenya, edited by R. A. Obudho. Nairobi, Kenya: Kenya Literature Bureau, 1981.272-288 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Government bureaucracy, Administration, Development financing. KEYWORDS: SRDP (Special Rural Development Programme); Kenya Ministry of Economic Planning and Development; NRDC (National Rural Development Committee); DDC (District Development Committee). 6480 Neumann, Charlotte G., N. O. Bwibo, E. Carter, and S. Weinberg. "Impact of the 1984 drought on food intake, nutritional status, and household response in Embu District." In: Coping with Drought in Kenya: National and Local Strategies, edited by Thomas E. Downing, Kangethe W. Gitu, and Crispin M. Kamau. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1989. 231-244 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Drought, Nutrition, Household analysis. KEYWORDS: Embu District, Kenya; Kenya drought 1984-1985. Documents the impact of the drought and the lessons learned from monitoring the nutrition situation at the time of the drought. Comprises two zones in Kyeni South Location, Embu District, Eastern Province. 6481 Ng'ang'a, James Mwangi, ed. Kenya: A Subject Index, 19671976. Nairobi, Kenya: Africa Book Services, 1983. 195 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Rural development, Education system, Political analysis, Economic analysis, Land tenure system, Urbanization. KEYWORDS: Mau Mau movement. 6482 Ng'ethe, Njuguna. "Politics, ideology and the underprivileged: The origins and nature of the Harambee phenomenon in Kenya." Journal of Eastern African Research and Development 13 (1983): 150-170. biblio. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Poverty, Policy analysis, Self-help, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: Harambee ideology, Kenya. 6483 Ngugi wa Thiong'o. "Mau Mau is coming back: The revolutionary significance of 20th October, 1952 in Kenya today." Journal of African Marxists no. 4 (September 1983): 18-44. SUBJECTS: Nationalist movement, Colonialism, Historical analysis, Revolutionary movement. KEYWORDS: Mau Mau movement; KANU (Kenya African National Union); Kenyatta, Jomo. 6484 Ngugi wa Thiong'o. Writers in Politics. London: Heinemann, 1981. 142 pp. SUBJECTS: Arts, Political repression, Nationalist movement, Political ideology, Education reform. KEYWORDS: Mau Mau movement; writers; Kariuki, Mwangi. 6485 Nubler, Irmgard. The Formal Industrial Training System and Policy in Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya: Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi, 1986. 24 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Technical training, Industrial sector, Employment policy, Statistical analysis. KEYWORDS: Industrial Training Act 1970; ITC (Industrial Training Committee); DIT (Directorate of Industrial Training); NITC (National Industrial Training Council). A statistical presentation of the Kenyan government's formal industrial training system and its goals and objectives. Presents data from companies that utilized the government system. Provides a brief historical introduction to the training policy. 6486 Obudho, R. A., ed. Urbanization and Development Planning in Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya: Kenya Literature Bureau, 1981. 358 pp.

biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Urbanization, Development planning, Migration pattern, Regional development. KEYWORDS: urban bias; Kenya Ministry of Economic Planning and Development; spatial analysis. 6487 Obudho, R. A. Urbanization in Kenya: A Bottom-Up Approach to Development Planning. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1983. 400 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Urbanization, Development planning, Rural development, Rural-urban migration, Market economy, Population density. KEYWORDS: spatial analysis. 6488 Ogot, Bethwell A. Historical Dictionary of Kenya. Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow, 1981. 279 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Leadership analysis, Biography, Geographical analysis, Political parties. 6489 Ogot, Bethwell A., and Tiyambe Zeleza. "Kenya: The road to independence and after." In: Decolonization and African Independence: The Transfers of Power, 1960-1980, edited by Prosser Gifford and Wm. Roger Louis. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1988. 401-426 pp. SUBJECTS: Decolonization, National planning policy, Class struggle, Nationalist movement, Capitalist economy. KEYWORDS: settlers; Mau Mau movement; KAU (Kenya African Union); Mijikenda Union; KANU (Kenya African National Union). Discusses the process of decolonization in Kenya, which was a triumph for neither the imperial planners nor the nationalists. Argues that changes were bitterly fought over in the areas of agriculture, commerce, industry, and labor relations and brought about a turbulent transition from a settler-dominated economy. 6490 Okoth, Monica A., and Valerie S. Wambani. "Nutrition and health activities of the Ministry of Health." In: Coping with Drought in Kenya: National and Local Strategies, edited by Thomas E. Downing, Kangethe W. Gitu, and Crispin M. Kamau. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1989. 289-298 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Nutrition, Children. KEYWORDS: Kenya Ministry of Health; CHANIS (Child Health and Nutrition Information System). Details some of the activities of the Ministry of Health in the areas of nutrition and child-growth monitoring. Examines the inadequate health-monitoring systems that were expanded and improved to include nutritional assessments. Concludes that an agreement was never reached on appropriate rations. 6491 Ominde, S. H., ed. Population and Development in Kenya. Exeter, New Hampshire: Heinemann, 1984. 129 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Economic policy, Land-use policy, Employment, Urbanization, Migration pattern. KEYWORDS: Scheduled Areas, Kenya. 6492 Ong'any, M. J. Bibliography on Turkana. Nairobi, Kenya: Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi, 1981.34 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Ethiopia. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Agricultural development, Education system, Religion. KEYWORDS: Turkana District, Kenya. 6493 Oyugi, W. O. "The unification of the local government system in Kenya: An historical note." In: Decentralization for Participatory Planning? edited by P. de Valk and K. H. Wekwete. Aldershot, UK: Avebury, 1990. 206-223 pp. SUBJECTS: Local government, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: District Commissioner; District Focus Strategy for Rural Development. Provides an overview of local government organization during the colonial and postcolonial periods. Maintains that this has basically been continued, with small reforms following independence. Proposes some ways that the experience can be transferred to other African countries.

KENYA/General • 4 4 1 6494 Robins, Kate, and Akinyi R. Mulaha, eds. Subject Guide to Information Sources in Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya: Kenya Library Association, National Council for Science and Technology, 1984. 207 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Education system, Administration, Agricultural sector, Technology, Energy use. 6495 Robinson, Paul W. "Reconstructing Gabbra history and chronology: Time reckoning, the Gabbra calendar, and the cyclical view of life." In: Coping with Drought in Kenya: National and Local Strategies, edited by Thomas E. Downing, Kangethe W. Gitu, and Crispin M.Kamau. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1989.151-168 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Sociological analysis, Ideologies, Env i r o n m e n t a l a n a l y s i s , P a s t o r a l i s m , Crisis m a n a g e m e n t . KEYWORDS: Gabbra people; Kenya drought 1984-1985. Discusses the vulnerability of pastoralists to drought. Examines perceived climatic cycles among the Gabbra people and how these perceptions affect responses to drought. 6496 Ryanga, Sheila. "Imbalances in the modernization and promotion of the Swahili language in East Africa: The case of Kenya and Tanzania." Ufahamu 18, no. 3 (Fall 1990): 21-34. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Language policy, Modernization, Mass media. KEYWORDS: Swahili language. Analyzes the differing efforts in Kenya and Tanzania to expand the Swahili language so as to include scientific concepts. Reviews the two countries' promotion of such modernizations into popular language via the media. 6497 Safilios-Rothschild, Constantina, and Edward K. Mburugu. Women's Income and Fertility in Rural Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya: Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi, 1986. 31 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Fertility, Women's studies, Income distribution, Agricultural labor, Children, Rural development. KEYWORDS: contraception; Kakamega District, Kenya; Hamisi Division, Kenya; Vihiga-Hamisi area, Kenya. Compares the relationship between rural women's income and fertility. Argues that when income increases, status increases, and aspirations increase, so therefore women limit the number of their children because they desire a better life for them. Notes that children, in this situation, become economic costs, not assets. 6498 Seeley, Janet. "Social welfare in a Kenyan town: Policy and practice, 1902-1985." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 86, no. 345 (October 1987): 541-566. tables. SUBJECTS: Social welfare system, Foreign aid, Community development. KEYWORDS: Eldoret, Kenya; Harambee ideology, Kenya. Examines the background of social welfare sevices in urban Kenya, the environment in which formal services were first implemented, and the effect of independence and increasing international intervention on the nature of social welfare. Draws case material from the Uasin Gishu District in Rift Valley Province. 6499 Senga, William. "Growth profiles of small cities: Thika, Kenya." In: The Growth Profiles of Small Cities, edited by the UN Centre for Regional Development. Tokyo, Japan: UN Centre for Regional Development, 1983. 21-26 pp. SUBJECTS: Development planning, Village development, Urban growth. KEYWORDS: Thika, Kenya. 6500 Sharpley, Jennifer. "Resource transfers between the agricultural and non-agricultural sectors: 1964-1977." In: Papers on the Kenyan Economy: Performance, Problems and Policies, edited by Tony Killick. Nairobi, Kenya: Heinemann, 1981. 311-319 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural sector, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: capital flow; domestic economy; intersectoral linkage; resource transfers. 6501 Sharpley, Jennifer. "The foreign exchange content of Kenya

agriculture." Institute ofDevelopment Studies Bulletin 19, no. 2(April 1988): 16-27. tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign exchange, Cash crop production, Import policy. Considers the use of imports in domestic and cash crop agriculture. Describes the import input of crop production and the contribution of agriculture toward balance of payments through foreign exchange earnings. 6502 Shipton, Parker. "The Kenyan land tenure r e f o r m : Misunderstandings in the public creation of private property." In -.Land and Society in Contemporary Africa, edited by R. E. Downs and S. P. Reyna. Hanover, New Hampshire: University Press of New England, 1988. 91-135 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Land reform, Privatization, Resource distribution. KEYWORDS: Luo people; land concentration; land acquisition. Examines the largely negative experience of the patrilineal Luo with government attempts to register and privatize land ownership. Concludes that the government's program has proved difficult to carry out, leaving control of the land in the hands of local elders, as well as resolutions in favor of the influential. 6503 Sindiga, Isaac, and Francis N. Wegulo. "Decentralization and rural development in Kenya: A preliminary review." Journal of Eastern African Research and Development 16 (1986): 134-150. SUBJECTS: Decentralization, Peasant class, Local planning policy, Rural development. Asseses how decentralized rural development schemes serve better to improve the life of the common farmer. Traces the role of decentralization in rural development in Kenya. 6504 Sindiga, Isaac. "Land and population problems in Kajiado and Narok, Kenya." The African Studies Review 27, no. 1 (March 1984): 23-39. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Land-use policy, Population growth, Colonialism, Pastoralism, Government regulation, Environmental degradation. KEYWORDS: soil erosion; game reserves; Maasai people; Kajiado District, Kenya; Narok District, Kenya. 6505 Spencer, I. R. G. "First assault on Indian ascendancy: Indian traders in the Kenya Reserves, 1895-1929." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 80, no. 320 (July 1981): 327-343. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Trade policy, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: Indian people; Kenya Native Affairs Department; European and African Traders Organization; Native Lands Trust Ordinance 1930; traders. 6506 Spencer, Ian R. G. "The first World War and the origins of the dual policy of development in Kenya 1914-1922." World Development 9, no. 8 (August 1981): 735-748. SUBJECTS: Development policy, Labor policy, Peasant economy. KEYWORDS: settlers; Colonial Office; World War I; Dual Policy of Development. 6507 Stewart, Frances. "Kenya strategies for development." In: Papers on the Kenyan Economy: Performance, Problems and Policies, edited by Tony Killick. Nairobi, Kenya: Heineman, 1981. 75-89 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Development policy, Industrial development, Agricultural development, Income distribution, Employment, Economic reform. KEYWORDS: East African Community. 6508 Stren, Richard E. "Urban policy." In: Politics and Public Policy in Kenya and Tanzania, edited by Joel D. Barkan and John J. Okumu. New York: Praeger, 1984. 179-208 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Resource distribution, Housing policy, Urban planning policy. KEYWORDS: TANU. 6509 Thomas-Slayter, Barbara P. Implementing Effective Local Management of Natural Resources: New Roles for NGO's in Africa. Boston, Massachusetts: African Studies Center, Boston University,

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1990. 17 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Zimbabwe. SUBJECTS: Nongovernmental organization, Natural resource management. KEYWORDS: Zuishavare District, Zimbabwe; Machakos District, Kenya; END A (Environment and Development Activities); rapid rural appraisal. States that nongovernmental organizations have many opportunities to work toward sustainable development. Studies their potential role in facilitating participation and strengthening institutions. Provides two models of collaboration between state, university, community, and nongovernmental organization. 6510 Tiffen, Mary. "Peasant participation in district water planning. An example from Machakos District, Kenya." In: Les Politiques de l'eau en Afrique: développement agricole et participation paysanne, edited by Gérard Conac, Claudette Savonnet-Guyot, and Françoise Conac. Paris: Economica, 1985. 363-375 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Water supply, Peasant society, Self-help, Agricultural policy, Decentralization. KEYWORDS: Machakos Integrated Development Programme; peasant participation; Machakos District, Kenya; district planning. 6511 Tyler, Michael, and C. Jonscher. Telecommunications for Development: The Impact of Telecommunications on the Performance of a Sample of Business Enterprises in Kenya. Switzerland: International Telecommunication Union, 1983. 115 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Mass communication, Business administration, Case study. KEYWORDS: Pan African Travel Organization; East African Industries; Kenya Horticultural Exporters; Alliance Hotels; telecommunications. 6512 U S A I D . Murang'a: District Environmental Assessment Report. Nairobi, Kenya: Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources, 1982. 159 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Environmental analysis, Rural development, Land tenure system, Employment, Selfhelp, Population density, Ethnicity. KEYWORDS: environmental impact assessment; Murang'a District, Kenya. 6513 Wa'Weru, Murathi. Management of Human Resources in Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya: Kenya Literature Bureau, 1984. 174 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Human resources development, Marxist analysis, Management, Administration, Labor union. KEYWORDS: labormanagement relations. 6514 Wa-Githumo, Mwangi. "The quagmire of the urban poor in Nairobi." Journal of Eastern African Research and Development 13 (1983): 126-149. SUBJECTS: Urban poverty, Class conflict, Economic inequality. KEYWORDS: Nairobi, Kenya; matajiri class (elite); slums. 6515 Wanjala, Chris L., and David Nyamwaya. Kenya: Kisii District: Socio-Cultural Profile. Nairobi, Kenya: Ministry of Planning and National Development, 1986.216 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Anthropological analysis, Traditional society, Land tenure system, Technology. KEYWORDS: sociocultural analysis; Kisii District, Kenya; Gusii people. Provides planners with relevant sociocultural data in order to develop projects that do not conflict with the values of the people they serve. Argues that to ensure participation, planners must understand the traditional values, technologies, instititutions, and knowledge of the local people. 6516 Wanjala, Chris L., and David Nyamwaya. Taita Taveta District Socio-Cultural Profile. Nairobi, Kenya: Ministry of Planning and National Development, 1986. 219 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Anthropological analysis, Traditional society, Land tenure system, Technology. KEYWORDS: sociocultural analysis; TaitaTaveta District, Kenya; Taveta people; Taita people. Provides planners with relevant sociocultural data in order to

develop projects that do not conflict with the values of the people they serve. Argues that to ensure participation, planners must understand the traditional values, technologies, institutions, and knowledge of the local people. 6517 Werlin, Herbert H. "The hawkers of Nairobi: The politics of the informal sector." In: Urbanization and Development Planning in Kenya, edited by R. A. Obudho. Nairobi, Kenya: Kenya Literature Bureau, 1981. 194-214 pp. SUBJECTS: Informal sector, Management, Elite analysis. KEYWORDS: worker self-management; ILO; city government; petty trade. 6518 Wescott, Clay, and Glen Norcliffe. "Rural nonfarm sector and the development process in Kenya." In: Planning African Development, edited by Glen Norcliffe and Tom Pinfold. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1981. 62-78 pp. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Small business, Urban development. KEYWORDS: rural nonfarm sector; Central Province, Kenya; Nairobi, Kenya. 6519 Wescott, Clay G. "Industrial policy: A case study of incentives for industrial dispersion." In: Papers on the Kenyan Economy: Performance, Problems and Policies, edited by Tony Killick. Nairobi, Kenya: Heinemann, 1981. 346-356 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Industrial policy, State intervention, Economic development. KEYWORDS: industry distribution. 6520 Whittington, Dale, Xinming Mu, and Robert Roche. "Calculating the value of time spent collecting water: Some estimates for Ukunda, Kenya." World Development 18, no. 2 (February 1990): 269-280. SUBJECTS: Water supply, Statistical analysis, Economic development. Analyzes the value that villagers place on labor used to supply water to the household. Notes that improved access to water supplies may have a much greater impact on economic welfare than previously recognized. 6521 Winiger, Matthias, Manuel Flury, Hans Hurni, and Christian Leibundgut, eds. Mount Kenya Area: Contributions to Ecology and Socio-Economy. Bern, Switzerland: Geographica Bernensia and Geographic Society of Bern, 1986.117 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Geographical analysis, Ecological analysis, Socioeconomic analysis. KEYWORDS: Mount Kenya. A series of articles examining various ecological aspects of the Mount Kenya area. Contains fieldwork compiled by University of Beme researchers from 1976 to 1982. Combines technical data analysis and socioeconomic analysis. 6522 Wisner, Ben. "Rural energy and poverty in Kenya and Lesotho: All roads lead to ruin." Institute of Development Studies Bulletin 18, no. 1 (January 1987): 23-29. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Lesotho. SUBJECTS: Energy use, Rural poverty, Women's studies, Capitalist development, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: firewood. Argues that similar rural poverty is not necessarily caused by similar problems. Uses a "new systems" approach to understand the history of rural economies and women's place in them. Challenges current policy with observations about the differences between economic relationships in Kenya and economic relationships in Lesotho. 6523 World Bank. Kenya: Growth and Structural Change. Vol. 1 of 2. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1983. 308 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Industrial development, Land-use policy, Poverty, Population growth, State intervention, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: landlessness; smallholder innovation; land acquisition. 6524 Yeager, Rodger, and Norman N. Miller. Wildlife, Wild Death: Land Use and Survival in Eastern Africa. Albany, New York: State

KENYA/Health

University of New York Press, 1986. 173 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSOCOVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Land-use policy, Population density, Land reform, Rural development, Environmental degradation. KEYWORDS: game reserves; Kenya Special Rural Development Programme 1970-1974. Argues that public policy is required to solve the environmental problems facing Kenya and Tanzania. Addresses the social and political issues of conservation in a land-hungry environment. Traces the history of land use and wild-life management and the neglect of land-use reform and periphery agriculture. 6525 Youe, Christopher P. "Settler capital and the assault on the squatter peasantry in Kenya's Uasin Gishu District, 1942-63." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 87, no. 348 (July 1988): 393-418. maps. SUBJECTS: Squatter community, Colonialism, Peasant economy, Labor policy, Capitalism. KEYWORDS: settlers; Trans Nzoia District, Kenya; district planning; labor control; Uasin Gishu District, Kenya. Discusses the reasons behind the repatriation of African squatters to the reserves, a move that made them dependent on cash wages. SEE ALSO 1560, 1652, 1765, 1894, 4120, 4458, 4982, 5180, 5185, 5844, 7342, 13270, 14354, 14394, 14816, 15549, 16221.

Health

6526 Anker, Richard, and James C. Knowles. Fertility Determinants in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Kenya. Liege, Belgium: Ordina, 1982. 222 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Fertility, Women's studies, Family planning, Migration pattern, Household analysis, Kinship, Women's economic role. KEYWORDS: child labor. 6527 Central Bureau of Statistics. A Situation Analysis of Children and Women in Kenya: The Wellbeing of Children. Vol. 4 of 4. Nairobi, Kenya: Central Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Finance and Planning, 1984.164 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Children, Women's studies, Education system, Health care system, Mortality rate, Malnutrition. KEYWORDS: child health. 6528 Central Bureau of Statistics. Kenya Contraceptive Prevalence Survey, 1984: First Report. Nairobi, Kenya: Central Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Planning and National Development, 1984. 155 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Family planning, Women's studies, Fertility, Marriage. KEYWORDS: contraception; maternity; postpartum amenorrhea; reproduction; breast-feeding. 6529 Central Bureau of Statistics. Third Rural Child Nutritional Survey, 1982. Nairobi, Kenya: Central Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Finance and Planning, 1983. 79 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Children, Nutrition, Women's studies, Rural development, Basic needs, Infant mortality. KEYWORDS: district planning; breast-feeding; Kenya Third Rural Child Nutritional Survey 1982; maternal health; child health. 6530 Chaiken, Miriam S. "Anthropology, nutrition, and the design of a health intervention program in Kenya." In: Anthropology of Development and Change in East Africa, edited by Peter Little and David Brokensha. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1988. 237-254 pp. SUBJECTS: Health care policy, Public health, Nutrition. KEYWORDS: Nyanza Province, Kenya. Identifies conditions in Western Kenya that contribute to malnutrition and suggests specific interventions to alleviate these conditions. States that the solutions to malnutrition will come from

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improved health service delivery and not increased technological inputs. 6531 Fortin, Alfred J. "The politics of AIDS in Kenya." Third World Quarterly 9, no. 3 (July 1987): 906-919. SUBJECTS: Public health, Health care policy, Health care system. KEYWORDS: AIDS; disease. Argues that Kenya is the best equipped of its neighbors to mount a prevention program against AIDS but has not done so. Describes the absence of a politically active "AIDS constituency," the meager resources at the disposal of health officials, and defensive government officials who block discussion of solutions. 6532 Good, Charles M. Ethnomedical Systems in Africa: Patterns of Traditional Medicine in Rural and Urban Kenya. New York: Guilford, 1987. 354 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Traditional society, Geographical analysis, Health care system, Health service, Traditional medicine. KEYWORDS: medical pluralism. Describes the traditional Kenyan medical systems from an interdisciplinary perspective with roots in medical geography. Examines medical pluralism in relation to population, environment, social change, access, and disease patterns. Concludes with suggestions on integrating ethnomedical systems. 6533 Greeley, Edward H. "Planning for population change in Kenya: An anthropological perspective." In: Anthropology of Development and Change in East Africa, edited by Peter Little and David Brokensha. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1988. 201-216 pp. SUBJECTS: Population policy, Family planning, Fertility, Historical analysis, Traditional society. KEYWORDS: traditional family planning; breast-feeding. Uses anthropology to suggest effective family planning methods in Kenya. Analyzes indigenous fertility regulation practices to demonstrate that such methods combined with modern means would best solve the rising birth rates. Advocates prolonged breast-feeding as one of the most effective indigenous methods. 6534 Gyepi-Garbrah, Benjamin. Adolescent Fertility in Kenya. Boston, Massachusetts: Pathfinder Fund, 1985. 62 pp. SUBJECTS: Health care policy, Fertility, Public health, Health education, Family planning. KEYWORDS: adolescent fertility. 6535 Katz, Sydney, and Selig Katz. "The evolving role of traditional medicine in Kenya." African Urban Studies 9 (Winter 1981): 1-12. SUBJECTS: Traditional society, Health care system, Public health, Informal sector, Traditional medicine. 6536 Neumann, Charlotte G., and Nimrod Bwibo. The Collaborative Research Support Program on Food Intake and Human Function Kenya Project: Final Report. Los Angeles, California: School of Public Health, University of California, 1987. 498 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Public health, Nutrition, Sanitation, Agricultural production, Drought, Literacy, Famine. KEYWORDS: University of Nairobi College of Health Science; Embu District, Kenya. A final report on a nutritional assessment project in a rural Kenyan community during the period 1984-1986. Includes examinations of food intake, disease, reproduction, socioeconomic status, drought conditions, sanitation, agricultural production, and adult literacy. Concludes with policy implications for government planners. 6537 OIusanya,P. O. Some Aspects of Family Planning Programmes and Fertility in Selected ECA Member States. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: ECA, 1985. 52 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Mauritius, Lesotho. SUBJECTS: Fertility, Population policy, Population growth, Family planning. KEYWORDS: Lesotho Fertility Survey 1977; Kenya Fertility Survey 1977-1978; ECA. 6538 Raikes, Alanagh. Pregnancy, Birthing and Family Planning in Kenya: Changing Patterns of Behaviour: A Health Service Utilization

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Study in Kisii District. Copenhagen, Denmark: Centre for Development Research, 1990. 192 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Family planning, Health service, Women's studies, Household analysis, Mortality rate. KEYWORDS: maternal health; Kisii District, Kenya. Analyzes and evaluates three health programs in Kenya: antenatal services, delivery services, and family planning services. Addresses factors affecting pregnancy, birth, and the use of services in Kisii District. 6539 van Luijk, J. N. Utilization ofModern and Traditional Medical Care by the Kamba of Machakos, Kenya. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Royal Tropical Institute, 1983. 45 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Health service, Traditional medicine, Health care system. KEYWORDS: outpatients; Machakos District, Kenya; Kiambu District, Kenya; Kamba people. SEE ALSO 2040, 5226, 14833.

Household and Family

6540 Central Bureau of Statistics. A Situation Analysis of Children and Women in Kenya: The Roles and Situation of Women. Vol. 3 of 4. Nairobi, Kenya: Central Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Finance and Planning, 1984. 99 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Children, Women's studies, Household analysis, Primary education, Sex role, Labor force, Self-help. KEYWORDS: child care; motherhood. 6541 Kayongo-Male, Diane, and Philista Onyango. "Child labour and delinquency in Nairobi." Journal ofEastern African Research and Development 13 (1983): 32-44. SUBJECTS: Crime, Labor force, Children, Youth issues. KEYWORDS: Nairobi, Kenya; child labor. 6542 Nelson, Nici. "Is fostering of children on the increase in Central Kenya? Parental strategies in a situation of accelerating urbanization and economic stratification." In: Papers from the Conference on the Family in Africa. London: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, 1981. 1-22 pp. SUBJECTS: Children, Capitalism, Kinship, Industrialization, Rural-urban relations, Women's studies, Urban poverty. KEYWORDS: child care; Mathare Valley, Kenya; Highlands, Kenya; Central Province, Kenya. 6543 Smith, Diana Lee, and Davinder Lamba. "Man/environment interaction: The rural family and its home environment." In: Urbanization and Development Planning in Kenya, edited by R. A. Obudho. Nairobi, Kenya: Kenya Literature Bureau, 1981. 101-120 pp. SUBJECTS: Household analysis, Rural population, Rural development, Community development, Family, Construction industry, Environmental analysis. KEYWORDS: Taveta people; Kikuyu people; spatial analysis; traditional housing.

Human/Civil Rights

6544 Africa Watch. Kenya: Political Crackdown Intensifies. New York: Africa Watch, 1990.22 pp. SUBJECTS: Human rights, Repression, Detention, Legal system. KEYWORDS: Imunde, Lawford Ndege; Ouko, Robert. Details political events over the previous few months. Follows the cases of Imunde and Ouko, as well as other persons threatened with arrest for their views and activities.

6545 Africa Watch. Kenya: Screening of Ethnic Somalis: The Cruel Consequences of Kenya's Passbook System. New York: Africa Watch, 1990. 29 pp. ALSO COVERS: Somalia, Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Ethnicity, Legal system, Repression, Human rights, Detention. KEYWORDS: deportations; pass laws; Mogadishu, Somalia; UNHCR (UN High Commission for Refugees). Describes Kenyan legislation forcing Somali Kenyans and Somalians to carry ID cards. Addresses the design and enforcement of that passbook system, as well as deportations, searches, and detentions. Makes recommendations. 6546 Lindfors, Bernth. "La Détention de Ngugi Wa Thiong'o." Peuples noirs; peuples africains 5, no. 26 (March/April 1982): 73-88. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Human rights, Political prisoners, Neocolonialism. KEYWORDS: political literature; Ngugi Wa Thiong'o. 6547 Mumma, Albeit. "Preservation of public security through executive restraint of personal liberty: A case study of the Kenyan position." Verfassung und Recht in Ùbersee/Law and Politics in Africa, Asia and Latin America 21, no. 4 (1988): 445-463. SUBJECTS: Executive power, Civil rights, Constitutional law, National security, Detention. KEYWORDS: right to trial. Argues that the power of the executive to detain persons without trial lacks constitutional validity and that safeguards to protect the detained have proved ineffective. Concludes that invalid emergency powers and ineffective safeguards against the arbitrary exercise of such powers threaten the rule of law. 6548 Ngugi wa Thiong'o. The Barrel of a Pen: Resistance to Repression in Neo-Colonial Kenya. Trenton, New Jersey: African World, 1983. 103 pp. SUBJECTS: Arts, Neocolonialism, National identity, Resistance movement, Political repression, Detention, Freedom of expression. KEYWORDS: cultural politics; Kimathi; Mau Mau movement; Kamiriithu People's Theater; theater.

Industry

6549 Anyang'Nyong'o, P. The Possibilities and Historical Limitations of Import Substitution Industrialization in Kenya. Trenton, New Jersey: Africa Research and Publications Project, 1984. 61 pp. tables. SUBJECTS : Import substitution, Consumption pattern, Labor market, Industrialization, Export economy, Manufacturing sector. KEYWORDS: COTU (Central Organization of Trade Unions). 6550 Biswas, Aparajita. "The role of production co-operation in India-Kenya economic relations." Africa Quarterly 30, no. 1/2 (1990): 34-49. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic relations, Manufacturing sector, Trade relations, Industrial development. KEYWORDS: India-Kenya relations. Explores the possibilities for and actualities of production cooperation between India and Kenya. Recommends concentration on small-scale industry and agroindustry. 6551 Cockar, Saeed R. The Kenya Industrial Court: Origin, Development, and Practice. Nairobi, Kenya: Longman, 1981.273 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Legal system, Trade union, Industrial relations, Industrial development, Income distribution, Collective bargaining, Employment. KEYWORDS: workers' benefits; industrial law. 6552 Coughlin, Peter. "Moving to the next phase?" In: Manufacturing Africa: Performance and Prospects of Seven Countries in SubSaharan Africa, edited by Roger C. Riddel. London: James Currey,

KENYA/Industry • 4 4 5

1990. 242-256 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Manufacturing sector, Trade policy, Industrial development, Regional integration. Describes the difficulties of creating and maintaining manufacturing industries in the face of stiff economic competition from foreign industries. Suggests that Kenya develop greater levels of regional trade within Africa by buying from and exporting to its neighbors while encouraging regional integration and specialization. 6553 Coughlin, Peter, Geoffrey Mwau, and Gregory Begumisa. "Tied aid, industrial dependence and new tactics for negotiations: Observations from Kenya." Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review 3, no. 2 (June 1987): 41-61. SUBJECTS: Foreign aid, Import policy, Case study, Industrial development, Manufacturing sector. KEYWORDS: sugar; steel. Insists that local capacity exists in Kenya to manufacture those very items that foreign aid provides. Reviews the impact of aid tied to purchases from the donor country. Describes how aid-tying handicaps the local industries in sugar, hand pumps, steel, water pipes, and electrical cables. 6554 Coughlin, Peter E. "Converting crisis to boom for Kenyan foundries and metal engineering industries: Technical possibilities versus political and bureaucratic obstacles." AfricaDevelopmentlAfrique et développement 10, no. 4 (1985): 171-192. tables. SUBJECTS: Technological development, Monetary exchange, Manufacturing sector, Industrial development. KEYWORDS: foundry; metal industry. 6555 Gulhati, Ravi, and Uday Sekhar. "Industrial strategy for late starters: The experience of Kenya, Tanzania and Gambia." World Development 10, no. 10 (October 1982): 949-972. tables. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania, Gambia. SUBJECTS: Industrial development, Rural development, Foreign trade, Agricultural production, Import substitution, Export policy, Manufacturing sector. KEYWORDS: labor-intensive; capital-intensive; skilled labor.

industrial expansion. 6560 Matthews, Ron G. "Development of a local machinery industry in Kenya." The Journal of Modern African Studies 25, no. 1 (March 1987): 67-94. SUBJECTS: Industrial development, Import substitution, Policy recommendation. Maintains that Kenya generally failed at developing import substitution but was successful in the production of mechanical machinery. Argues that that success lies in the manner of the industry' s development as a market-stimulated response to the demand of indigenous producers. Reviews constraints on industry. 6561 Meilink, Hank A. The Effects of Import-Substitution: The Case of Kenya's Manufacturing Sector. Nairobi, Kenya: Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi, 1982. 30 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Import substitution, Development theory, Industrial development, Manufacturing sector, Income distribution, Transnational corporations, Employment opportunity. 6562 Mikkelsen, Britha. Formation of an Industrial Labour Force in Kenya: Experiences of Labour Training in the Metal Manufacturing Industries. Nairobi, Kenya: Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi, 1987.139pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Labor force, Industrial development, Technical training, Manufacturing sector, Human resources development. KEYWORDS: Kenyan Directorate of Industrial Training; KITS (Kenya Integrated Training System); polytechnic training; skilled labor; metal industry. Analyzes the skill acquisition of workers in Kenya's industrial labor force during the transition from import substitution to exportoriented industrial development. Surveys workers in five companies, concluding that the Kenya Integrated Training System will only narrow worker training and weaken industrialization.

6556 Gulhati, Ravi, and Uday Sekhar. Industrial Strategy for Late Starters: The Experience of Kenya, Tanzania and Zambia. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1981. 63 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania, Zambia. SUBJECTS: Industrial development, Import substitution, Export policy, Manufacturing sector, State-owned enterprise, Wage policy, Construction industry. KEYWORDS: World Bank.

6563 Norcliffe, G., D. Freeman, and N. Miles. "Rural industrialization in Kenya." In: Rural Small-Scale Industries and Employment in Africa and Asia, edited by Enyinna Chuta and S. V. Sethuraman. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1984. 9-24 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Industrialization, Rural development, Rural planning policy, Industrial development, Agrarian economy, Agricultural labor. KEYWORDS: small-scale industry; rural industry; RIDC (Rural Industrial Development Centres).

6557 Hosier, Richard. Energy Use in Rural Kenya: Household Demand and Rural Transformation. Stockholm, Sweden: Beijer Institute and Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1985. 177 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Energy use, Development planning, Agrarian reform, Rural development, Forestry industry, Household economy.

6564 O'Keefe, Phil, Paul Raskin, and Steve Bernow, eds. Energy and Development in Kenya: Opportunities and Constraints. Stockholm, Sweden: Beijer Institute, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 1984. 185 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Energy use, Economic development, Development policy, Agricultural development, Consumption pattern, Industrial sector. KEYWORDS: fuel; firewood.

6558 Kinyanjui, Mary N. "Intra-urban distribution of manufacturing industries in Thika town." Journal of Eastern African Research and Development 18 (1988): 67-87. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Manufacturing sector, Urban planning policy, Industrial development. KEYWORDS: Thika, Kenya; industry distribution. Assesses the manner in which manufacturing industries in Thika, Kenya, have been distributed. Traces the development of the town and the history of its industries.

6565 Okech, Benjamin A. Coal Supply Situation: Availability for Substitution in the Kenyan Economy. Nairobi, Kenya: Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi, 1987. 48 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Energy use, Natural resource management, Oil industry. KEYWORDS: fuel; hydroelectric energy; coal; firewood. Discusses the possibility of energy substitution for fuel oil in Kenya. Suggests that fuelwood and hydroelectricity are options but that coal remains the best option. Analyzes international energy need, concluding that enough viable energy source options exist when coupled with coal to provide Kenya with security.

6559 Langdon, Steven. "Industrial dependence and export manufacturing in Kenya." In: Africa in Economic Crisis, edited by John Ravenhill. London: Macmillan, 1986. 181-212 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Africa. SUBJECTS: Industrial development, Export economy, Manufacturing sector, Transnational corporations, International relations, Economic dependency, Industrial policy. KEYWORDS: United Textile Industries; Thika Cloth Mills; Kenya Toray Mills; textile industry. Focuses on the textile industry. Examines the failure of Kenyan industrial strategy because of its reliance on foreign enterprise for

6566 Rono, Henry K. Technical Change in Agro-Industries in Kenya. Montreal, Quebec, Canada: Centre for Developing Area Studies, McGill University, 1984. 19 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Industrial sector, Agricultural development, Technology, Manufacturing sector, Foreign capital. KEYWORDS: agroindustry; bakery; processing enterprises. 6567 Sharpley, Jennifer, and Stephen Lewis. "Kenya: The manufacturing sector to the mid-1980s." In: Manufacturing Africa: Perfor-

446

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manee and Prospects of Seven Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Roger C. Riddell. London: James Currey, 1990.207-236 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Manufacturing sector, Economic growth policy, Public policy, Industrialization, Foreign exchange. Analyzes the early successes of the Kenyan manufacturing sector and contrasts them with the 1980s. Suggests that Kenya must remove its current protectionist policies that serve only to encourage inefficiency and poor allocation of resources. Asserts that the manufacturing sector must become a more efficient earner of foreign exchange. 6568 UN Industrial Development Organization. Kenya: Sustaining Industrial Growth Through Restructuring Integration. New York: UNIDO, 1988. 99 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Industrial development, Manufacturing sector, Technical assistance, Development planning, Foreign trade. KEYWORDS: small-scale industry; India-Kenya relations; Europe-Kenya relations. Studies the effect of 1980s deindustrialization on Kenya's industrial growth and economy. Shows that Kenya's manufactured exports are oriented to regional markets such as Europe and India. Argues that Kenya should increase its manufactured exports to these regions and cooperate more with India. 6569 Vainio-Mattila, Aija. "Socio-economic studies on fuelwood production in the Bura settlement scheme in Eastern Kenya." In: Land Management and Survival, edited by Anders Hjort. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1985. 128-137 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Irrigation, Environmental analysis, Energy use, Forestry industry. KEYWORDS: firewood; Bura Irrigation Settlement Scheme; Eastern Province, Kenya. 6570 Wescott, Clay, and Glen Norcliffe. "Towards a locational policy for manufacturing industry in Kenya." In: Planning African Development, edited by Glen Norcliffe and Tom Pinfold. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1981.79-109 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Manufacturing sector, Industrial sector, Regional development. KEYWORDS: Kenya Special Rural Development Programme 1970-1974; IPC (Industrial Protection Committee); industry distribution.

Labor

6571 Chege, Michael. "The state and labour in independent Kenya." Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review 2, no. 1 (January 1986): 68-92. tables. SUBJECTS: Working class, Labor policy, Labor strike, Industrial relations. KEYWORDS: Chemelil Sugar Factory; Kenya Bankers Association; Kenya Union of Bank Employees; Bank of Baroda; Barclays Bank. Criticizes the lack of studies on the lowest classes in Africa. Examines the social and economic characteristics of Kenya's working class and its members' response to state labor policy, especially in a sugar factory and the banking system. Reviews concepts of class in African society. 6572 Collier, Paul, and Deepak Lai. Labour and poverty in Kenya, 1900-1980. Oxford, UK: Clarendon, 1986. 296 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Labor market, Poverty, Employment, Income distribution, Migration pattern, Capitalist development, Land distribution. KEYWORDS: policy environment. Covers the Kenyan labor market from precolonial times through the 1980s, interspersing narrative and a "neoclassical" method of analysis from chapter to chapter. Discredits many experts' theories regarding the labor market, poverty, and unemployment, explaining why their models have proved false. 6573 Fashoyin, Tayo. "Management of industrial conflict in Africa:

A comparative analysis of Kenya, Nigeria and Tanzania." In: Management Problems in Africa, edited by Ukandi G. Damachi and Hans Dieter Seibel. New York: St. Martin's, 1986. 171-211 pp. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria, Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Labor unrest, Conflict resolution, Labor union, Industrial relations, Business administration, Labor strike. KEYWORDS: comparative analysis; industrial conflict; labor law. • Discusses the incidence and management of trade conflicts in Tanzania, Nigeria, and Kenya. Examines the relationship between the three partners in industrial relations: the government, management, and labor. Covers the history of strike action in the three countries and methods of conflict resolution. 6574 Gershenberg, Irving. "Labor, capital, and management slack in multinational and local firms in Kenyan manufacturing." Economic Development andCultural Change 35, no. 1 (October 1986): 163-178. tables. SUBJECTS: Labor force, Transnational corporations, Capital formation, Manufacturing sector, Employment, Management. Assesses the degree to which slack in capital, labor, and manufacturing takes place in Kenya. Asserts that slack is for the most part due to the transfer of inappropriate technology. Suggests that development of new firms provides the best opportunity for increased employment in Kenya. 6575 Gould, W. T. S. Regional Development and Employment Generation in Western Kenya. Liverpool, UK: Department of Geography, University of Liverpool, 1982. 23 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS : Regional development, Development planning, Employment, Migration pattern, Employment opportunity. KEYWORDS: Nyanza Province, Kenya; Kakamega District, Kenya; Rift Valley Province, Kenya; employment creation. 6576 Oucho, John O. "Rural orientation, return migration and future movements of urban migrants: A study of Kisumu town, Kenya." African Urban Quarterly 1, no. 3/4 (August/November 1986): 207219. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Labor migration, Migration pattern, Rural-urban relations, Labor force, Urban population, Migration. KEYWORDS: Southwestern Kenya; Kisumu, Kenya. States that labor migration is the dominant form of migration in the Third World. Argues that those migrants who stay in the city for substantial lengths of time continue to exhibit rural-oriented behavior and to maintain strong links to the rural community. Examines that behavior in relation to Kisumu, Kenya. 6577 Pack, Howard. "The substitution of labour for capital in Kenyan manufacturing." In: Papers on the Kenyan Economy: Performance, Problems and Policies, edited by Tony Killick. Nairobi, Kenya: Heinemann, 1981. 254-262 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Manufacturing sector, Labor market, Employment, Economic analysis, Management. 6578 Rempel, Henry. Rural-Urban Labor Migration and Urban Unemployment in Kenya. Laxenburg, Austria: International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, October 1981. 211 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Rural-urban migration, Unemployment, Household economy, Labor migration, Kinship, Demographic analysis. KEYWORDS: interurban migration. 6579 Rempel, Henry. "The labour market." In: Papers on the Kenyan Economy: Performance, Problems and Policies, edited by Tony Killick. Nairobi, Kenya: Heinemann, 1981. 208-217 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Labor market, Development policy, Employment, Wage policy, Labor union. 6580 Ritter, A. R. M. "The labour force, employment and unemployment in Kenya."Revue canadienne d'études de développement/Canadian Journal ofDevelopment Studies 8, no. 2 (1987): 203-226. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Employment, Labor market, Unemployment, Informal

K E N Y A / M e d i a and Culture •

sector, Employment opportunity. KEYWORDS: Labour Force Survey 1977; self-employment. Analyzes the labor force, employment, and unemployment in Kenya on the basis of the 1977 Labour Force Survey. Outlines changing patterns of employment in the informal sector. Concludes that open underemployment in rural areas is relatively low but should increase. 6581 Sperling, Louise. "Labour recruitment among the Samburu of Kenya." Labour, Capital and Society/Travail, capital et société 18, no. 1 (April 1985): 69-86. tables. SUBJECTS: Pastoralism, Employment, Working class, Rural population, Labor market, Household analysis. KEYWORDS: wage labor; Samburu people. 6582 Wasow, Bernard. "The working age-sex ratio and job search migration in Kenya." The Journal of Developing Areas 15, no. 3 (April 1981): 435-444. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Labor force, Rural development, Labor migration, Employment opportunity, Education opportunity, Wage policy. KEYWORDS: cash migration; population pressure; age-sex ratio.

447

of land tenure reform in Kenya." African Studies Association Papers 29, no. 70 (October/November 1986): 1-20. SUBJECTS: Legal system, Peasant society, Land tenure system, Land reform, Development policy, State power, Property rights. KEYWORDS: dislocation; land law. Examines legislation regarding land tenure reform in Kenya and the peasant response to it. Argues that traditional customs have remained integral despite legislation aimed at effecting socioeconomic change in peasant society. Asserts that the government has not worked to correct these reforms. 6589 Onalo, P. L. Land Law and Conveyancing in Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya: Heinemann, 1986. 298 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Land-use policy, Legal system, Property rights, Land tenure system. KEYWORDS: conveyancing; Registered Land Act. Describes Kenya's current system of land law. Argues that land laws reflect a nation's socioeconomic and political systems. Details the political ramifications of various land laws and suggests land law reforms. 6590 Ooko-Ombaka, O. "Political justice in Kenya: Prolegomena to an inquiry into the use of legal procedures for political purposes in post-Kenyatta era." Verfassung und Recht in Übersee/Law and Politics in Africa, Asia and Latin America 15, no. 4 (1982): 393-442. SUBJECTS: Legal system, Judicial process, Crime, Executive power, Political economy studies, Corruption. KEYWORDS: political trial.

6583 Zeleza, Tiyambe. Labour, Unionization and Women's Participation in Kenya 1963-1987. Nairobi, Kenya: Friedrich Ebert Foundation, 1988. 198 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Labor union, Women's economic role, Women's studies, Informal sector, Labor force. KEYWORDS: women's organizations; COTU (Central Organization of Trade Unions). Examines the participation of women in Kenya's wage labor and the development of unions from independence through 1987. Uses both historical and political economy perspectives, seeing neither modernization nor dependency theories as sufficient. Concludes that equality for women rests in their organization.

6591 Salter, D. R., and J. B. Ojwang. "Law reform in Africa: A comparative study of the Tanzanian and Kenyan experiments." Verfassung und Recht in Übersee/Law and Politics in Africa, Asia and Latin America 18, no. 2 (1985): 123-138. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Legal reform, Legal system, Legal development.

SEE ALSO 2204.

SEE ALSO 2277, 5030.

Legal System

Media and Culture

6584 Coldham, Simon. "A comparative study of land tenure legislation in Africa." Acta Jurídica (1985): 189-212. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania, Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Property rights, Land tenure system, Law.

6592 Africa Watch. Kenya: Once Again, a Critical Magazine Faces Threat of a Banning Order: The Nairobi Law Monthly and Its Editor Under Fire. New York: Africa Watch, 1990. 15 pp. SUBJECTS: Human rights, Censorship, Mass media. KEYWORDS: Nairobi Law Monthly, Imanyara, Gitobu. Details the work of the Nairobi Law Monthly and government efforts to ban it. Describes issues the magazine has attempted to cover that have caused the government to see it as a threat: constitutional law, parliamentary power, a multiparty system, lack of an independent judiciary, detention, and torture.

6585 Coldham, Simon. "Settlement of land disputes in Kenyan historical perpective." The Journal of Modern African Studies 22, no. 1 (March 1984): 59-71. tables. SUBJECTS: Legal system, Land tenure system, Traditional legal system, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: native tribunals; Magistrates' Jurisdiction Act 1981; land law. 6586 Cotran, Eugene. "Development and reform of the law in Kenya." Journal of African Law 27, no. 1 (Spring 1983): 42-61. SUBJECTS: Legal system, Legal reform, Elections, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: land law; family law.

6593 Amin, Mohamed. Portraits of Africa. London: Harvill, 1983. 192 pp. biblio, maps. SUBJECTS: Ethnicity, Traditional society, Anthropological analysis, Political history, Cultural identity.

6587 Mackenzie, Fiona. "Gender and land rights in Murang'a District, Kenya." The Journal of Peasant Studies 17, no. 4 (July 1990): 609-643. SUBJECTS: Land tenure system, Legal development, Women's rights, Traditional legal system. KEYWORDS: Murang'a District, Kenya; statutory law. Explores the struggle over land by women and men in a situation of increasing land scarcity. Argues that manipulation of customary and state law is instrumental in increasing gender and social differentiations.

6594 Ministry of Planning and National Development. Samburu District: Socio-Cultural Profile. Nairobi, Kenya: Ministry of Planning and N a t i o n a l D e v e l o p m e n t , 1986. 120 p p . S U B J E C T S : Socioeconomic analysis, Traditional society, Ethnicity, Agricultural sector, Demographic analysis. KEYWORDS: Samburu District, Kenya; sociocultural analysis. A district-based sociocultural study carried out by the Institute of African Studies of the University of Nairobi. Provides the baseline information needed to facilitate a mutual understanding between development agents and their clients.

6588 Ogolla, Bondi D. "The legal regime and the peasantry: The case

6595 Neubauer, Carol E. "One Voice Speaking for Many: The Mau

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Mau Movement and Kenyan Autobiography." The Journal of Modem African Studies 21, no. 1 (March 1983): 113-131. SUBJECTS: Biography, Traditional society, Religion, Arts. KEYWORDS: Mau Mau movement; Kariuki, Mwangi; Waciuma, Charity; Gatheru, R. Muga; Kikuyu people. SEE ALSO 2364.

Migration

6596 Cummings, Robert C. "Migration and national development: The Kenya example." In: African Migration and National Development, edited by Beverly Lindsay. University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1985. 148-169 pp. SUBJECTS: National development, Migration pattern, Rural-urban migration, Case study, Economic development. 6597 Rempel, Henry. "The extent and nature of the population movement into towns." In: Urbanization and Development Planning in Kenya, edited by R. A. Obudho. Nairobi, Kenya: Kenya Literature Bureau, 1981. 52-92 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Migration, Rural-urban migration, Development theory, Employment opportunity, Rural development, Education opportunity.

Military Affairs

6598 Baynham, Mark. "The East African mutinies of 1964." Journal of Contemporary African Studies 8/9, no. 1/2 (1989/90): 153-180. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania, Uganda. SUBJECTS: Armed forces, Colonialism, Military intervention. KEYWORDS: Nyerere, Julius K.; mutiny; Kenya African Rifles; TANU. Provides an overview of the army mutinies that occurred in Tanzania, Uganda, and Kenya in 1964. States that the soldiers received low pay, suffered poor living conditions, and served under British officers despite independence, all of which led them to revolt. Recalls that the mutinies were easily put down and that some reforms took place. 6599 Okoth, P. Godfrey. "Uganda-Kenya relations, 1971-1979." African Studies Association Papers 29, no. 71 (October/November 1986): 1-19. ALSO COVERS: Uganda, Tanzania. SUBJECTS: International relations, Military policy, Trade relations, Border conflict. KEYWORDS: Amin, Idi; Obote, Milton; Nyerere, Julius K.; Uganda-Kenya relations; Kenyatta, Jomo. Analyzes the relationship between Uganda and Kenya during the 1970s. Characterizes Uganda-Kenya relations during this period as conflict ridden, due primarily to Amin's reckless foreign policy, which destabilized an already tenuous relationship. SEE ALSO 13299, 14867.

Planning and Development

6600 Amis, Philip. "Squatters or tenants: The commercialization of unauthorized housing in Nairobi." World Development 12, no. 1 (January 1984): 87-96. tables. SUBJECTS: Squatter community,

Low-cost housing, Urban population, Land distribution, Resource distribution, Investment policy, Property rights. KEYWORDS: landlord-tenant relations; Nairobi, Kenya. 6601 Andreassen, Bard-Anders. "Building a national humanitarian organization: A case study of the Kenya Red Cross." Bulletin of Peace Proposals 18, no. 2 (April 1987): 209-216. SUBJECTS: Nongovernmental organization. KEYWORDS : Kenya Red Cross; disaster relief. Analyzes the potential for growth of Red Cross societies in Third World countries. Uses the Kenya Red Cross as an example of a recently successful nongovernmental organization in Kenya. States the excellent potential for similar development in other developing nations. 6602 Barkan, Joel D. Self-Help Organizations, State, and Society: Linkage and Development in Rural Kenya. Iowa City, Iowa: Comparative Legislative Research Center, University of Iowa, 1982. 38 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Self-help, Rural development, Local government, Civil service, Community development. KEYWORDS: state-agriculture relations; Harambee ideology, Kenya; Githunguri District, Kenya; Embu District, Kenya. 6603 Boalt, Carin, Suzanne Grant Lewis, and Dorothy Myers. Bibliography on Human Settlements with Emphasis on Households and Residential Environment—Kenya. Stockholm, Sweden: Swedish Council for Building Research, 1982. 101 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Development planning, Population density, Public administration, Regional planning policy, Community development, Low-cost housing. KEYWORDS: residential environment; settlement pattern. 6604 Campbell, David J. "Land-use competition at the margins of the rangelands: An issue in development strategies for semi-arid areas." In: Planning African Development, edited by Glen Norcliffe and Tom Pinfold. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1981. 39-61 pp. SUBJECTS: Land-use policy, Livestock production, Development planning, Pastoralism. KEYWORDS: rangelands; Maasai people; Kajiado District, Kenya. 6605 Chaiken, MiriamS. Community Based Development: Potential and Obstacles in Western Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya: Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi, 1987. 27 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Community development, Women's studies, Public health, Local planning policy, Infrastructure, Health care policy, Health care system. KEYWORDS: income generation; South Nyanza Province, Kenya; Western Province, Kenya. Focuses on two attempts to empower people in the south Nyanza region: income-generating projects for women and community-based health care. Argues that these projects will fail—as do top-down approaches—if they do not account for local sociological, ecological, and infrastructural constraints. 6606 Dorling, M. J. National Research Systems and the Generation and Diffusion of Innovations : The Horticultural Industry in Kenya. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1982.91 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural technology, Development planning, Agricultural development, Land-use policy, Research and development, Consumption pattern. KEYWORDS: agroindustry; Kenya Third Development Plan 1974-1978; Kenya Fourth De velopment Plan 1979-1983. 6607 Gachuki, David. Harambee in Kenya: A Case for Its Regulation. Iowa City, Iowa: Comparative Legislative Research Center, University of Iowa, 1982.37 pp. SUBJECTS: Development planning, Rural development, Community development, Government regulation. KEYWORDS: Harambee ideology, Kenya; Iriamurai Village Polytechnic.

KENYA/Planning and D e v e l o p m e n t

6608 Gatabaki-Kamau, Rose. Co-operative Housing Development in Kenya: A Socio-Economic Appraisal. Nairobi, Kenya: Housing Research and Development Unit, 1985. 131 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Housing policy, Socioeconomic analysis, Cooperatives, Development planning. KEYWORDS: Jubilee Building Co-operative Society; Gikomba Housing Co-operative; NACHU (National Cooperative Housing Union); Thika Housing Development Co-operative Society. 6609 Gershenberg, Irving. Schooling and Access to Management in LDCS: The Case of Kenya. Boston, Massachusetts: African Studies Center, Boston University, 1988. 17 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Management, Higher education, Development planning, Labor market, Human resources development. KEYWORDS: career movement. Explores the role of schooling in Kenya's managerial scheme and whether schooling facilitates upward mobility in management careers. Interviews seventy-two top- and mid-level managers working in fortyone firms. Argues that those with more schooling were able to secure entry-level management positions with less work experience and remained committed to their employing firm. 6610 Gichohi, C. M., and D. F. M. Kallavi. 'The semi arid lands of Baringo district: A case study." In: The Development of Kenya's Semi Arid Lands, edited by David Campbell and S. E. Migot-Adholla. Kenya, Nairobi: Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi, 1981. 201-211 pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Socioeconomic analysis, Land-use policy, Population growth, Infrastructure, Environmental degradation. KEYWORDS: ASALB (Arid and Semi Arid Lands Branch); Baringo District, Kenya. 6611 Grosh, Barbara. Performance of Infrastructural Parastatals in Kenya since Independence: Transport, Communications, and Electricity. Nairobi, Kenya: Institute for Development Studies, Universtiy of Nairobi, 1987. 69 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Infrastructure, Transportation system, Government economic management, Mass communication, State-owned enterprise, Policy analysis, Energy industry. KEYWORDS: monopoly; electricity. An examination of Kenya's infrastructure and transportation parastatals since independence. Shows that the firms that operated the best and enjoyed financial success were those that had a natural monopoly at first, arguing conversely that those initially exposed to a competitive market did not develop financially. 6612 Halfani, Mohamed S. The Challenge ofReplicability: Towards Strengthening Institutional Capacities for the Implementation of Sites and Services Projects in Kenya, Senegal and Tanzania. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Toronto, 1986. 24 pp. biblio, maps. ALSO COVERS: Senegal, Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Housing, Squatter community, Foreign aid, Housing policy, Low-cost housing, Self-help. KEYWORDS: self-help housing. Examines the role of institutions and politics in influencing the outcome of projects relating to affordable housing in Kenya, Senegal, and Tanzania. Addresses specifically self-help housing and squatter upgrading, concluding that the results of such projects have been disappointing. 6613 Hall, Sonjaya, Ashok Khanna, and Iradj Alikhani. "Determinants of manufactured export performance in low-income Africa: Kenya and Tanzania." World Development 15, no. 9 (September 1987): 1219-1224. tables. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Manufacturing sector, Human resources development, Export economy, Technology, Management, State intervention, Underdevelopment. KEYWORDS: comparative advantage; skilled labor. Uses empirical trade theory to explain the revealed comparative advantage in manufactured exports. Treats exports as a whole and distinguishes them by destination. States that results for individual

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variables are generally expected and of interest. 6614 Holmquist, Frank. "Self-help: The state and peasant leverage in Kenya." Africa: Journal of the International African Institute/Revue de 1'Instituí Africain International 54, no. 3 (1984): 72-91. SUBJECTS: Self-help, Cooperatives, Peasant economy, Political economy studies, Local government, Community development, Economic crisis. KEYWORDS: peasant-state relations; peasant resistance; worker self-management; Kikuyu Independent Schools Movement. 6615 Holmquist, Frank W. The State and Peasant Leverage in Kenya. Boston, Massachusetts: African Studies Center, Boston University, 1984. 22 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Self-help, Political economy studies, Peasant economy, Cooperatives, Local government, Economic crisis, Community development. KEYWORDS: peasant resistance; peasant-state relations; Kikuyu Independent Schools Movement; worker self-management. 6616 Kabagambe, Denis, and Cliff Moughtin. "Housing the poor: A case study in Nairobi." Third World Planning Review 5, no. 3 (August 1983): 227-248. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Housing, Urbanization, Squatter community, Urban poverty, Self-help, Case study. KEYWORDS: Korokocho; Mathare Valley, Kenya; self-help housing; Nairobi, Kenya. 6617 Kayongo-Male, Diane. "Slum and squatter settlement in Kenya: Housing problems and planning possibilities." In: Slum and Squatter Settlements in Sub-Saharan Africa: Toward a Planning Strategy, edited by R. A. Obudho and Constance C. Mhlanga. New York: Praeger, 1988. 133-144 pp. SUBJECTS: Housing, Urban population, Housing policy, Squatter community, Urban poverty. KEYWORDS: Nairobi, Kenya. Discusses slum and squatter settlements with a special emphasis on Nairobi. States that these are the most common residential arrangements for Kenya's urban poor. Recommends a general planning approach to Kenya's housing problems, as well as specific action programs. 6618 Killick, Tony. "By their fruits ye shall know them: The Fourth Development Plan." In: Papers on the Kenyan Economy: Performance, Problems and Policies, edited by Tony Killick. Nairobi, Kenya: Heinemann, 1981. 97-108 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Development policy, Economic planning, Agricultural economics, Industrial development, National planning policy. KEYWORDS: Kenya Fourth Development Plan 1979-1983. 6619 Killick, Tony, and J. K. Kinyua. "Development plan implementation in Kenya." In: Papers on the Kenyan Economy: Performance, Problems and Policies, edited by Tony Killick. Nairobi, Kenya: Heinemann, 1981. 109-116 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Development policy, National planning policy, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: Kenya Fourth Development Plan 1979-1983. 6620 Lígale, Andrew N. "Criteria and evaluation of deliberate national and regional plans." In: Urbanization and Development Planning in Kenya, edited by R. A. Obudho. Nairobi, Kenya: Kenya Literature Bureau, 1981. 299-328 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: National development, Urbanization, Development planning, Regional development, Urban growth, Infrastructure. KEYWORDS: district planning. 6621 Macharía, Kinuthia. "Housing policy in Kenya: The view from the bottom: A survey of low income residents in Nairobi and Thika." African Studies Association Papers 28, no. 75 (November 1985): 1-28. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Housing policy, Urban planning policy, Corruption, Population growth, Rural-urban migration, Squatter community, Urbanization. KEYWORDS: NHC (National Housing Corporation); sites and services scheme; Nairobi, Kenya; Thika, Kenya.

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• K E N Y A / P l a n n i n g and D e v e l o p m e n t

6622 Macoloo, Gervase Chris. "Housing the urban poor: A case study of Kisumu town, Kenya." Third World Planning Review 10, no. 2 (May 1988): 159-174. maps. SUBJECTS: Urban poverty, Housing policy, Squatter community, Case study, Low-income housing, Population density. KEYWORDS: growth pole theory; Kisumu, Kenya; sites and services scheme; rent policy; self-help housing. Examines government policy toward the urban poor of Kisumu. Discusses specific problems in Kisumu, including sites and services and squatter-upgrading schemes. Proposes an alternative holistic framework for analysis of housing problems based on self-help housing, cheaper construction, and rent revision. 6623 Makau, B. M. Educational Planning and Development in Kenya: The 8-4-4 School Curriculum and Its Implications for SelfEmployment. Nairobi, Kenya: Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi, 1985.47 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Education system, Development planning, Management, Employment, Development theory. K E Y W O R D S : human capital theory; curriculum; Kenya 8-4-4 curriculum; worker self-management. 6624 Memon, P. A. "Kenya." In: African Perspectives: An Exchange of Essays on the Economic Geography of Nine African States, edited by Harm J. de Blij, Esmond Martin, and Ali Memon. New York: Methuen, 1981. 59-90 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Infrastructure, Geographical analysis, National development, Export policy, Industrial development, Agrarian reform. K E Y W O R D S : spatial analysis; economic geography. 6625 Memon, P. A. "The growth of low-income settlements: Planning response in the peri urban zone of Nairobi." Third World Planning Review 4, no. 2 (May 1982): 145-158. maps. SUBJECTS: Low-income housing, Community development, Urbanization, Poverty, Squatter community. KEYWORDS: urban decentralization; perturban communities; Dagoretti, Kenya; planned residential communities. 6626 Mohiddin, Ahmed. African Socialism in Two Countries. London: Croom Helm, 1981. 231 pp. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania, Africa. S U B J E C T S : Socialism, Colonialism, Development theory, Development policy, Legislative action. KEYWORDS: Arusha Declaration 1967; Ujamaa ideology, Tanzania; Nyerere, Julius K. 6627 Ngau, Peter M. "Tensions in empowerment: The experience of the Harambee (self-help) movement in Kenya." Economic Development and Cultural Change 35, no. 3 (April 1987): 523-538. SUBJ E C T S : Self-help, National planning policy, Elite analysis. KEYWORDS: Harambee ideology, Kenya. Assesses the self-help projects of Kenya. Asserts that the elite still tends to control these projects, a situation that creates a series of contradictions within the self-help movement. 6628 Noormohamed, S. O. "Development strategy for the informal sector: The Kenyan experience." In: Development Options for Africa: In the 1980s and Beyond, edited by P. Ndegwa, L. P. Mureithi, and R. H. Green. Nairobi, Kenya: Oxford University Press, 1985. 186-193 pp. S U B J E C T S : Informal sector, Development planning, Housing, Public sector. KEYWORDS: ILO; KIE (Kenya Industrial Estates); Kenya Bus Service; matatu (mode of transport). 6629 Noormohamed, Sidik Osman. "Factors governing the evolution and success of housing policies in Kenya and Indonesia: A comparative perspective." Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review 2, no. 2 (June 1986): 1-39. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Housing p o l i c y , S q u a t t e r community, Urban poverty, I d e o l o g i e s . KEYWORDS: Nairobi, Kenya; majengo (slum). Describes poor areas in Jakarta, Indonesia, and Nairobi, Kenya. Analyzes the objectives of government housing policy in Kenya, particularly squatter improvement and sites and services projects.

Assesses the success of the housing policy in meeting its equity and supply objectives. 6630 Norcliffe, Glen, and Tom Pinfold, eds. Planning African Development. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1981. 201 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Development planning, Malnutrition, Industrial sector, Pastoralism, Land-use policy, Project design, Rural development. KEYWORDS: rural electrification; Ny anza Province, Kenya; Kajiado District, Kenya; Kenya Special Rural Development Programme 19701974; Kenya Third Development Plan 1974-1978. 6631 Obudho, R. A. "National urban and regional planning policy in Kenya." Third World Planning Review 6, no. 4 (August 1984): 363-388. tables, maps. S U B J E C T S : National planning policy, Regional planning policy, Urban planning policy, Population distribution, Uneven development. KEYWORDS: core-periphery relations. 6632 Owiro, A. Okoth. "Urban planning and the law in Kenya." African Urban Quarterly 3, no. 1/2 (January/May 1988): 69-78. SUBJECTS: Legal system, Urban planning policy, Development planning, Land-use policy. KEYWORDS: UK law. Examines the relationship of law to urban planning. Puts forth a brief overview of urban planning and the legal implications of urban planning policy. States that law legitimizes the political process of urban planning. Contradicts Kenyan government assertions that law is independent of the political process. 6633 Sterkenburg, J. J., B. C. M. Huybens, and W. Wentholt. Rural Housing Conditions in Kakamega District, Kenya. Utrecht, Netherlands: Department of Geography, University of Utrecht, 1983. 86 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Housing, Household analysis, Rural development, Development planning, Labor migration, Cash crop production, Construction industry. KEYWORDS: Kakamega District, Kenya; local materials; settlement pattern. 6634 Sterkenburg, J. J., G. J. Majoor, A. F. J. M. Megens, and D. E. Tempelman. Rural Housing Conditions in Kisii District, Kenya. Utrecht, Netherlands: Department of Geography, University of Utrecht, 1981. 67 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Housing, Rural development, Household analysis, Housing policy, Land-use policy. KEYWORDS: settlement pattern; local materials; Kisii District, Kenya. 6635 Sterkenburg, J. J., M. C. Herlaar, J. R. van Iterson, and A. Jansen. Rural Housing Conditions in Meru District,, Kenya. Utrecht, Netherlands: Department of Geography, University of Utrecht, 1986. 168 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Housing policy, Household analysis, Rural development, Population growth, Agricultural development, Income distribution, Housing. KEYWORDS: Meru District, Kenya; building conditions; spatial analysis. Collects information on household size, household building materials, and the relationship of housing to income level in Meru District. Argues that housing improvements are only indirectly related to income, because income is often reinvested in productive investments such as agriculture or trade. 6636 Thomas, Barbara P. "Development through Harambee: Who wins and who loses? Rural self-help projects in Kenya." World Development 15, no. 4 (April 1987): 463-481. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Development policy, Self-help, Agricultural labor, Resource distribution, Decentralization, Wealth redistribution, Rural development. KEYWORDS: Harambee ideology, Kenya; Central Province, Kenya. Examines local development in three districts through self-help, or Harambee, for its impact on equity issues. Concludes that Harambee reinforces, rather than alters, fundamental inequalities in economic and political structures while mobilizing local-level resources for community benefit.

KE NY A/Po li tics • 4 5 1

6637 Thomas, Barbara P. Politics, Participation, and Poverty: Development through Self-Help in Kenya. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1985. 228 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Self-help, Grassroots movement, Community development, Women's economic role, Research methodology, Poverty. KEYWORDS: Harambee ideology, Kenya; women's associations; development participation; rural stratification. 6638 Wallis, M. A. H. Bureaucrats, Politicians, and Rural Communities in Kenya. Manchester, UK: University of Manchester, 1982. 87 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Community development, Self-help, Education opportunity, Resource distribution, Women's studies, Political analysis. SEE ALSO 2546, 2628, 5239.

Politics

6639 Ake, Claude. "Ideology and objective conditions." In: Politics and Public Policy in Kenya and Tanzania, edited by Joel D. Barkan and John J. Okumu. New York: Praeger, 1984. 117-128 pp. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Ideologies, Political ideology. KEYWORDS: Arusha Declaration 1967; TANU. 6640 Akivaga, S. K., W. Kulundu-Bitonye, and M. W. Opi. Local Authorities in Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya: Heinemann, 1985. 89 pp. SUBJECTS : Local government, Public administration, Budget policy, Management. KEYWORDS: Local Government Act 1977; Kenyan Local Native Councils. 6641 Anonymous. Independent Kenya. London: Zed, 1982. 119 pp. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Political development, Bourgeoisie, Corruption. KEYWORDS: Kenyatta, Jomo; KANU (Kenya African National Union). 6642 Anyang'Nyong'o, P. "State and society in Kenya: The disintegration of the nationalist coalitions and the rise of presidential authoritarianism 1963-1978." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 88, no. 351 (April 1989): 229-251. SUBJECTS: Nationalism, Authoritarian government, Leadership analysis, Presidential government. KEYWORDS: KADU (Kenya African Democratic Union); KANU (Kenya African National Union); KPU (Kenya People's Union); Mboya, Tom; ILO Kenya report 1972. Contends that the disintegration of the nationalist coalition in Kenya enabled an authoritarian presidency. Argues that by working toward other ends, the indigenous bourgeoisie lost control of the presidency and undermined society's popular organizations. Notes that a rigid presidency cuts off political discourse. 6643 Anygang'Nyong'o, P. "The decline of democracy and the rise of authoritarian and factionalist politics in Kenya." Horn of Africa 6, no. 3 (1983/1984): 25-34. SUBJECTS: Democracy, Authoritarian government, Populism, Imperialism, Political crisis. KEYWORDS: factionalism; KANU (Kenya African National Union); Njonjo, Charles; Odinga, Ajuma Oginga; GEMA (Gikuyu, Embu, and Meru Association). 6644 Atieno-Ochiambo, E. S. "Democracy and the ideology of order in Kenya." In: The Political Economy of Kenya, edited by Michael G. Schatzberg. New York: Praeger, 1987. 177-201 pp. SUBJECTS: Democracy, Political culture, Political opposition, Elite analysis, Presidential government. KEYWORDS: KANU (Kenya African National Union); Kenyatta, Jomo; Moi, Daniel arap. Argues that the quest for democracy in Kenya has been derailed

by the ruling elite, which has created an ideology of order. States that opposition has been driven underground since the 1960s. Explores how the state evolved and obtained its hegemonic function while eroding democracy and, therefore, freedom. 6645 Barkan, Joel D. "Comparing politics and public policy in Kenya and Tanzania." In: Politics and Public Policy in Kenya and Tanzania, edited by Joel D. Barkan and John J. Okumu. New York: Praeger, 1984. 3-40 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Public policy, Economic growth rate, Agricultural sector, Political participation. KEYWORDS: Ujamaa ideology, Tanzania; Arusha Declaration 1967. 6646 Barkan, Joel D., and Michael Chege. "Decentralising the state: District focus and the politics of reallocation in Kenya." The Journal of Modern African Studies 27, no. 3 (September 1989): 431-453. tables. SUBJECTS: Decentralization, Rural development, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: District Focus Strategy for Rural Development; Moi, Daniel arap; DDC (District Development Committee); KANU (Kenya African National Union). Examines Moi's District Focus program initiated in 1982. Argues that the process of decentralization is both an economic strategy for rural development and a political tool to remove opposition. Maintains that new district political structures will continue beyond Moi's rule. 6647 Barkan, Joel D. "Legislators, elections, and political linkage." In: Politics and Public Policy in Kenya and Tanzania, edited by Joel D. Barkan and John J. Okumu. New York: Praeger, 1984. 64-92 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Elections, Civil service, Electoral process, Legal system. KEYWORDS: CCM (Chama Cha Mapinduzi); KANU (Kenya African National Union); TANU. 6648 Barkan, Joel D., and John J. Okumu, eds. Politics and Public Policy in Kenya andTanzania. 2nd ed., rev. New York: Praeger, 1984. 375 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Public policy, Political system, Underdevelopment, Rural development, Education system, Urban planning policy, International relations. KEYWORDS: rural self-help; Arusha Declaration 1967; KANU (Kenya African National Union); TANU. 6649 Barkan, Joel D. 'The electoral process and peasant-state relations in Kenya." In: Elections in Independent Africa, edited by Fred M. Hayward. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1987.213-237 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Electoral process, Political parties, Smallholder agriculture. KEYWORDS: peasant-state relations; KANU (Kenya African National Union); KADU (Kenya African Democratic Union); KPU (Kenya People's Union); Kenyatta, Jomo. Considers Kenya's electoral process from three perspectives: the evolving function of elections; the structure and constraints imposed by the government; and the perceptions held by Kenyan citizens of the electoral process. Argues that the process has resulted in a patronclient network that ties the peasantry to the state. 6650 Berg-Schlosser, Dirk. "Democracy and the one-party state in Kenya." In: Democracy and the One-Party State in Africa, edited by Peter Meyns and Dani Wadada Nabudere. Hamburg, West Germany: Institut fur Afrika-Kunde, 1989. 111-124 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Democracy, One-party system, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: Kenyatta, Jomo; Moi, Daniel arap. Explains how the Kenyan political system is an autocratic one, dominated first by Kenyatta, then by Moi. 6651 Berg-Schlosser, Dirk. "Modes and meaning of political participation in Kenya." Comparative Politics 14, no. 4 (July 1982): 397-416. tables. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Political culture, Elections, Education opportunity, Democracy, Urbanization, Ethnicity. KEYWORDS: egalitarianism.

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6652 Bourmaud, Daniel. Histoire du Kenya: état et pouvoir local. Paris: Karthala, 1988. 326 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: State formation, Political development, Colonialism, Decolonization, Urban development, Authoritarian government, Technological development. KEYWORDS: Kenyatta, Jomo. Traces the political development of Kenya from colonization to the mid 1980s. Assesses the methods that Kenya has used to fuse together a traditional colonial model of government, the conflicts regarding the ideal of a pluralist political system, a diverse social order, and reinforcement of authoritarianism. 6653 Chimpembere, Henry B. M. "Kenyan socialism and Tanzanian socialism: A comparative study." Ufahamu 11, no. 1 (Summer 1981): 97-113. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Political system, Political parties, Socialism. KEYWORDS : African socialism; TANU; Arusha Declaration 1967; Kenya Sessional Paper No. 10 1965. 6654 Cohen, John M., and Richard M. Hook. District Development Planning in Kenya. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard Institute for International Development, 1986. 97 pp. SUBJECTS: Local government, Rural development, Development planning, Decentralization. KEYWORDS: district planning; District Focus Strategy for Rural Development. Provides a history of the District Focus policy in Kenya with the goal of identifying the issues that must be addressed in order to achieve success. Emphasizes staff development training and end-user satisfaction in development exercises. Suggests district development planning be expanded and improved. 6655 Constantin, François. "Condition Swahili et identité politique." Africa: Journal of the International African Institute/Revue de I'Institut Africain International 57, no. 2 (1987): 219-233. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania, East Africa. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Cultural identity, Government bureaucracy. KEYWORDS: Kiswahili language; Swahili people. Argues that even though Kiswahili is spoken throughout East Africa, no political consciousness has developed around the language. Concludes that nevertheless, the language has served to develop an integrated Tanzania. 6656 Currie, Kate, and Larry Ray. "State and class in Kenya—notes on the cohesion of the ruling class." The Journal of Modern African Studies 22, no. 3 (September 1984): 559-593. SUBJECTS: Government analysis, Class analysis, Ethnic politics, Power politics, Corruption, Transnational corporations, Ruling class. KEYWORDS: Moi, Daniel arap; Njonjo, Charles; KANU (Kenya African National Union). 6657 Dauch, Gene, and Denis Martin. L'Heritage de Kenyatta: la transition politique au Kenya, 1975-1982. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1985. 220 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Nationalism, Political change, Political parties, Coup d'état. KEYWORDS: Kenya nyayo elections 1979; KANU (Kenya African National Union); GEM A (Gikuyu, Embu, and Meru Association); Harambee ideology, Kenya; Mau Mau movement.

6660 Gutto, Shadrack B. O. "Social revolutions—the preconditions for sustainable development and people's democracies in Africa: A contribution to the Anyang' Nyong'o/Mkandawire debate." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 13, no. 4 (1988): 89-103. ALSO COVERS: Côte d'Ivoire, Malawi. SUBJECTS: Democracy, Income distribution, National development, Government analysis, Economic policy, Elections, Political instability. KEYWORDS: Anyang'nyong'o, Peter; Mkandawire, Thandika. Assesses the comment made by Anyang'nyong'o that Kenya, Côte d'Ivoire, and Malawi have all experienced reasonable levels of democracy and development. Argues that democracy and development have not resulted in a sharing of wealth. Compares successful capitalist regimes with radical socialist democracies. 6661 Hornsby, Charles. "The social structure of the National Assembly in Kenya, 1963-83." The Journal of Modern African Studies 27, no. 2 (June 1989): 275-296. tables. SUBJECTS: Socioeconomic analysis, Parliamentary government, One-party system, Political elite, Centralized authority, Political repression. KEYWORDS: KANU (Kenya African National Union); National Assembly (Kenya); Moi, Daniel arap. Presents a socioeconomic analysis of the Kenyan National Assembly. Maintains that members are generally male, middle-aged, well educated, and from high-status occupations. Argues that the group has forced younger, more activist politicians either out of office or into less powerful positions. 6662 Hyden, Goran. "Administration and public policy." In: Politics and Public Policy in Kenya and Tanzania, edited by Joel D. Barkan and John J. Okumu. New York: Praeger, 1984. 93-113 pp. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Public administration, Public policy, Government bureaucracy, Civil service. KEYWORDS: GEMA (Gikuyu, Embu, and Meru Association); Embu people; Kikuyu people; Meru people. 6663 Karioki, James N. "University of Nairobi and the demise of democracy in Kenya." TransAfrica Forum 7, no. 3 (Fall 1990): 83-93. SUBJECTS: Democracy, One-party system, Student protest, Economic dependency. KEYWORDS: University of Nairobi. Discusses the history of economic dependence and autocratic political structures that have produced student opposition to Kenyan government policy since independence. Identifies new opposition groups that are forming against the KANU government and points out the danger of continued US support for KANU. 6664 Katz, Stephen. "Succession to power and the power of succession: Nyayoism in Kenya." Journal of African Studies 12, no. 3 (Fall 1985): 155-161. SUBJECTS: Political succession, Political ideology, Political repression. KEYWORDS: Moi, Daniel arap; Kenyatta, Jomo; nyayoism (footsteps); ngoroko (cattle rustlers).

6658 Ebangit, Z. O. "Common financial management problems plaguing local governments in Kenya." Journal of Eastern African Research and Development 11 (1981): 109-121. SUBJECTS: Local government, Government economic management, Finance policy, Political participation.

6665 Khapoya, Vincent. "Moi and beyond: Towards peaceful succession in Kenya." Third World Quarterly 10, no. 1 (January 1988): 54-66. SUBJECTS: Democracy, Leadership analysis, Political succession. KEYWORDS: KANU (Kenya African National Union); KPU (Kenya People's Union); Moi, Daniel arap; Kenyatta, Jomo. Argues that most African nations are not democratic, and therefore the political transitions have not been smooth, except in the case of Kenya, where the transfer of power from Kenyatta to Moi went well. Examines the policies of succession in Kenya and suggests that their peacefulness is due to a democratic tradition.

6659 Goldsworthy, David. Tom Mboya, the Man Kenya Wanted to Forget. Nairobi, Kenya: Heinemann, 1982. 308 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Biography, Leadership analysis, Pan-Africanism, Labor force. KEYWORDS: KANU (Kenya African National Union); Mboya, Tom; KPU (Kenya People's Union); Kenyatta, Jomo; KAU (Kenya African Union).

6666 Kim, Chong Lim, Joel D. Barkan, liter Turan, and Malcome E. Jewel. The Legislative Connection: The Politics of Representation in Kenya, Korea, and Turkey. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press, 1984.237 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Political development, Legislative action, Public administration. KEYWORDS: KANU (Kenya African National Union); KADU (Kenya African Democratic

KENYA/Politics • 4 5 3 Union); Kenyatta, Jomo; politics of representation. 6667 Kleemeier, Elizabeth. "La France et l'argent noir au Kenya." Politique africaine no. 40 (December 1990): 130-137. SUBJECTS: Corruption, Power politics, Energy industry. KEYWORDS: FranceKenya relations; Turkwel dam; Biwott, Nicholas. Analyzes Kenyan government corruption through the example of French involvement in the Turkwel dam project. Examines the French relationship with Nicholas Biwott, who may be linked to the political murders of officials who threatened to publicize accounts of corruption on the project. 6668 Leonard, David K. "Political realities of African management." World Development 15, no. 7 (July 1987): 899-910. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania, Uganda. SUBJECTS: Management, Public sector, Public policy, Higher education, Unemployment, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: ethics. Discusses the component parts of public management in Africa: policy-making, leadership, general internal administration, and bureaucratic "hygiene." Contends that those seeking to improve public management on the continent are often mistaken in their priorities and that they import inappropriate management technologies. 6669 Leonard, David K. 'The secrets of African managerial success." Institute ofDevelopment Studies Bulletin 19, no. 2 (April 1988): 35-41. ALSO COVERS: Africa. SUBJECTS: Management, Public administration, State-owned enterprise, Civil service. KEYWORDS: Karanja, Charles Kibe; Mule, Harris Mutio; Nyachae, Simeon; Muriithi, Ishmael. Proceeds from qualitative research on four outstanding civil servants in Kenya to name the skills that helped them overcome an inhospitable management environment. Notes personal integrity, professionalism, access to international donor resources, risk taking, and drive as important factors. 6670 Médard, Jean-François. "Charles Njonjo: portrait d'un 'Big Man' au Kenya." In: L'Etat contemporain en Afrique, edited by Emmanuel Terray. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1987. 49-87 pp. SUBJECTS: State power, Personalized leadership, Biography, Political power. KEYWORDS: Njonjo, Charles; Moi, Daniel arap. Presents a political biography of the career of Charles Njonjo in Kenya. Addresses Njonjo's rise to power, as well as his threat and challenge to President Moi. Analyzes Moi's charges of treason against Njonjo and the latter's fall from power. 6671 Moi, Daniel T. arap. Kenya African Nationalism: Nyayo Philosophy and Principles. London: Macmillan, 1986.192 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Nationalism, Political history, Nation-building, Leadership analysis, Socialism, Pan-Africanism, Education reform. KEYWORDS: district planning; District Focus Strategy for Rural Development; Nyayosim; Moi, Daniel arap. A summary of President Moi's observations and beliefs on the pragmatic national philosophy of Nyayoism and its role in Nigerian national development. Stresses education, rural development, and the role of leaders, intellectuals, and women. 6672 Mueller, Susanne D. "Government and opposition in Kenya, 1966-9." The Journal of Modern African Studies 22, no. 3 (September 1984): 399-427. tables. SUBJECTS: Authoritarian government, Colonialism, Political opposition, Constitutional law, Political history. KEYWORDS: KPU (Kenya People's Union); KANU (Kenya African National Union); Mau Mau movement; Local Native Councils. 6673 Mueller, Susanne D. Government and Opposition in Kenya: 1966-1969. Boston, Massachusetts: African Studies Center, Boston University, 1983. 30 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Political opposition, Political history, Authoritarian government, Colonialism, Constitutional law. KEYWORDS: KPU (Kenya People's Union); KANU

(Kenya African National Union); Mau Mau movement; Local Native Councils. 6674 Mukui, J. T. "The politics and economics of the 1979 Tripartite Agreement in Kenya: A note." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 82, no. 329 (October 1983): 559-563. SUBJECTS: Government analysis, Trade union. KEYWORDS: Tripartite Agreement on Unemployment 1979; Federation of Kenya Employers; ILO Kenya report 1972; Trade Disputes Act 1976; COTU (Central Organization of Trade Unions). 6675 Niemi, Richard G., and Joel D. Barkan. "Age and turnout in new electorates and peasant societies." American Political Science Review 81, no. 2 (1987): 583-588. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Peasant society, Voting pattern, Elections, Rural population. KEYWORDS: age-turnout relation. Suggests that in established electorates, voting turnout has a familiar curvilinear relationship with age. Proposes that in new electorates, lack of experience and resistance to new behavior among middle-aged voters might make turnout among the young greater. Proves, however, that such is not the case in rural Kenya. 6676 Njoroge, Lawrence M. Appraising the Instrumentality of Bureaucracy as a Mobilizer for Kenyan Nationhood. Montreal, Quebec, Canada: Centre for Developing Area Studies, McGill University, 1984. 19 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Government bureaucracy, Local government, Leadership analysis, Civil service, Nation-building. KEYWORDS: core-periphery relations; Kenyanization; district planning. 6677 Njoroge, Lawrence M. Development Administration in the Development of Kenyan Nationhood. Montreal, Quebec, Canada: Centre for Developing Area Studies, McGill University, 1985.17 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Government bureaucracy, Civil service, Public policy, Development theory, Nation-building, Development planning. KEYWORDS: Harambee ideology, Kenya. 6678 Njoroge, Lawrence M. Representative Development Administration in Nation-Building in Kenya. Montreal, Quebec, Canada: Centre for Developing Area Studies, McGill University, 1983.28 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Nation-building, Ethnicity, Government bureaucracy, Education level, Civil service, Development planning. KEYWORDS: representative bureaucracy. 6679 Nyang'oro, Julius E. 'The quest for pluralist democracy in Kenya." TransAfricaForum 7, no. 3 (Fall 1990): 73-82. SUBJECTS: Democracy, One-party system, Political conflict, Human rights. KEYWORDS: Moi, Daniel arap; KANU (Kenya African National Union). Describes the political turmoil that began in the summer of 1990 over the issue of multiparty democracy in Kenya. Notes the authoritarian responses of President Daniel arap Moi and the KANU leadership to that opposition. Suggests that continued government intransigence will only produce more opposition to one-party rule. 6680 Nzioki, Mutuku, and M. B. Dar, eds. Who Is Who in Kenya, 1982-1983. Nairobi, Kenya: Africa Book Services, 1982. 376 pp. SUBJECTS: Leadership analysis, Biography, Education level, Diplomatic relations, Civil service, State-owned enterprise, Trade union. KEYWORDS: international organization. 6681 Odhiambo, E. S. Atieno. "Democracy and the ideology of order in Kenya: 1888-1986." In: Democratic Theory and Practice in Africa, edited by Walter O. Oyugi, E. S. Atieno Odhiambo, Michael Chege, and Afrifa K. Gitonga. Portsmouth, New Hampshire: Heinemann, 1988. 111-138 pp. SUBJECTS: Democracy, Government analysis, Political ideology. KEYWORDS: KPU (Kenya People's Union); KANU (Kenya African National Union).

454

• KENYA/Politics

Explores how the state, as an institution, has evolved and attained its hegemonic function in Kenyan society while simultaneously eroding the processes of democracy and freedom. Concludes that the state has created a justifying ideology referred to as the Ideology of Order. 6682 Okumu, John J. "Party and party-state relations." In: Politics and Public Policy in Kenya and Tanzania, edited by Joel D. Barkan and John J. Okumu. New York: Praeger, 1984. 43-63 pp. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Political parties, Parliamentary government. KEYWORDS: party-state relations; TANU; KANU (Kenya African National Union); KADU (Kenya African Democratic Union); CCM (Chama Cha Mapinduzi). 6683 Oyugi, Walter. "Centre-periphery linkages in the development process: An assessment of the Kenyan experience." In: Challenging Rural Poverty, edited by Fassil Kiros. Trenton, New Jersey: Africa World Press, 1985. 147-167 pp. SUBJECTS: Decentralization, Federalism, Government bureaucracy, Rural-urban relations. KEYWORDS: core-periphery relations; state-city relations. 6684 Oyugi, Walter Ouma. "Local government in Kenya: A case of institutional decline." In: Local Government in the Third World: The Experience of Tropical Africa, edited by Philip Mawhood. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1983. 107-140 pp. SUBJECTS: Local government, Public administration, Regionalism, Constitution, Decentralization. KEYWORDS: Majimbo constitution; ALGA (Association of Local Government Authorities); county councils; district planning. 6685 Tamarkin, Mordechai. "Recent developments in Kenyan politics: The fall of Charles N]on]o." Journal of Contemporary African Studies 3, no. 1/2 (October 1983/April 1984): 59-77. SUBJECTS: Government analysis, Leadership analysis, Colonialism, Government bureaucracy, Political change. KEYWORDS: KADU (Kenya African Democratic Union); KANU (Kenya African National Union); Omamo, William Odongo; Odinga, Ajuma Oginga; Njonjo, Charles. 6686 Throup, David W. 'The construction and destruction of the Kenyatta state." In: The Political Economy of Kenya, edited by Michael G. Schatzberg. New York: Praeger, 1987. 33-74 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Political succession, Presidential government, Political power. KEYWORDS: Moi, Daniel arap; Kenyatta, Jomo; Kalenjin people; Kikuyu people; Njonjo Affair 1983. Examines Kenyan ethnic coalitions. Explores the operations of the post-Kenyatta political process at two levels: (1) the "high politics" of elite competition for control over policy and patronage at the center and (2) the "deep politics" of social and economic relations, which serve to legitimize the regimes. SEE ALSO 2835, 2952, 2990, 3003, 3010, 5246, 9702,9828,14488, 14891.

Population

6687 Anker, Richard, and James C. Knowles. Population Growth, Employment, and Economic-Demographic Interactions in Kenya: Bachue-Kenya. Hampshire, UK: Gower, 1983. 735 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Population growth, Employment, Demographic analysis, Household analysis, Agricultural production, Women's economic role, Mortality rate. KEYWORDS: Bachue, Kenya. 6688 Bernard, Frank E., and Derrick J. Thom. "Population pressure and human carrying capacity in selected locations of Machakos and Kitui Districts." The Journal of Developing Areas 15, no. 3 (April 1981): 381-406. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Population density, Rural

development, Population distribution, Land-use policy, Ecological analysis. KEYWORDS: Machakos District, Kenya; Kitui District, Kenya. 6689 Fair, Denis. "Sub-Saharan Africa and the population issue: The cases of Kenya and Swaziland." Africa Insight 15, no. 4 (1985): 252-255. ALSO COVERS: Swaziland. SUBJECTS: Population growth, Family planning, Population policy. 6690 Henin, R. A. 'The characteristics and development implications of a fast growing population." In: Papers on the Kenyan Economy: Performance, Problems and Policies, edited by Tony Killick. Nairobi, Kenya: Heinemann, 1981. 193-207 pp. biblio, tables. S U B J E C T S : Population growth, Economic development, Demographic analysis, Social development policy. 6691 Kelley, Allen C. "Demographic impacts on demand patterns in the low-income setting." Economic Development and Cultural Change 30, no. 1 (October 1981): 1-16. tables. ALSO COVERS: Africa. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Poverty, Economic growth rate, Population growth, Household analysis, Children, Subsistence economy. KEYWORDS: demand patterns. 6692 Kelley, Allen C., and Charles E. Nobbe. Kenya at the Demographic Turning Point? Hypotheses and a Proposed Research Agenda. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1990. 97 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Academic research, Population policy, Family planning, Fertility. Analyzes the determinants and consequences of the rapid population growth in Kenya. Examines how Kenya has confronted such growth and speculates on the possibility that Kenya may be entering a new phase of declining growth rates. Outlines the basic government population policies from 1965 to 1989. Proposes a strategy for increased momentum in Kenyan population research. 6693 Lura, Russell. "Population change in Kericho District, Kenya: An example of fertility increase." The African Studies Review 28, no. 1 (March 1985): 45-56. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Population growth, Fertility, Demographic analysis, Public health, Education system. KEYWORDS: Kericho District, Kenya; agricultural innovation. 6694 Muganzi, Zibeon S. "Kenya." In: L'Evaluation des effectifs de la population des pays africains, vol. 1, edited by Groupe de Démographie Africain. Paris: Groupe de Démographie Africain, 1982. 99-108 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Population growth. KEYWORDS: census. 6695 POPIN-AFRICA (Population Information Network for Africa). Kenya Population: Annotated Bibliography 1975-85. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: POPIN-AFRICA, 1986. 158 pp. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Population distribution, Population growth, Economic development, Migration pattern. KEYWORDS: POPIN-AFRICA (Population Information Network for Africa). Presents a bibliography of materials population distribution and growth and their effects on various sectors of the Kenyan economy. 6696 Uitto, Juha I. The Kenyan Conundrum: A Regional Analysis of Population Growth and Primary Education in Kenya. Lund, Sweden: Lund University Press, 1989. 202 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Population growth, Primary education, Ethnicity, Population distribution, Fertility, Women's studies, Marriage. KEYWORDS: Kisii District, Kenya. Considers the implications of the world's highest population growth rate for educational services, particularly primary education. Analyzes the causes of changing fertility patterns and how they relate to female education by region. SEE ALSO 3102, 3124.

KENYA/Rural D e v e l o p m e n t

Private Sector

6697 Curtin, Philip D. "African enterprise in the mangrove trade: T h e c a s e of L a m u . " In: Actes du Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique: XIX et XX siècles, volume 1, edited by Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique, XIX et XX siècles. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1983. 129-140 pp. SUBJECTS: Commercial sector, Entrepreneurship, Forestry industry. KEYWORDS: Lamu, Kenya; mangrove trade. 6698 Elkan, Walter, T. C. I. Ryan, and J. T. Mukui. "Economics of shoe shining in Nairobi." Af.rican Affairs: Journal ofthe Royal African Society 81, no. 323 (April 1982): 247-256. SUBJECTS: Informal sector, E m p l o y m e n t , E c o n o m i c a n a l y s i s , Small b u s i n e s s . KEYWORDS: shoe shining; monopoly; ILO Kenya report 1972. 6699 House, William J. "Nairobi's informal sector: Dynamic entrepreneurs or surplus labor." Economic Development and Cultural Change 32, no. 2 (July 1983): 277-302. tables. SUBJECTS: Informal sector, Economic analysis, Labor force, Unemployment, Entrepreneurship, Urban development. KEYWORDS: ILO; Nairobi, Kenya. 6700 Jommo, Rosemary B. Indigenous Enterprise in Kenya's Tourism Industry. Geneva, Switzerland: Institut Universitaire d'Etudes du Développement, 1987. 201 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Business administration, Political economy studies, Public investment, Entrepreneurship, Foreign investment, Bourgeoisie, Small business. KEYWORDS: tourism. Examines Kenya's tourist industry. Analyzes the relationship between the indigenous actors: both the small-scale entrepreneurs and the large-scale investors. Concludes that tourism was developed for the Western bourgeoisie without consideration of the political, social, and environmental ramifications for Kenya. 6701 Kibwana, Kivutha. "Critical aspects regarding the legal regulations in the informal sector." Lesotho Law Journal 5, no. 2 (1989): 357-387. SUBJECTS: Informal sector, Legal system, Government regulation, Small business. KEYWORDS: credit; KIE (Kenya Industrial Estates). Provides an overview of Kenya's legal system concerning the informal sector. Maintains that legal reform has followed government policy shifts and relies on government attitudes toward the law sector. Asserts that Kenyan legal policy represents a positive step toward integration of the informal sector. 6702 Muller, Maria. "The self-employed in Kitale: No easy road to success." African Urban Studies 12 (Winter 1982): 1-15. tables. SUBJECTS: Employment, Class analysis, Entrepreneurship, Informal sector, Small business. 6703 Muller, Maria S. "The national policy of Kenyanisation of trade: Its impact on a town in Kenya." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 15, no. 2 (1981): 293-333. tables. SUBJECTS: Trade policy, Informal sector, Nationalization, Small business. KEYWORDS: Kenyanization; Kitale, Kenya; Trade Licensing Act 1967. 6704 Ng'ethe, Njuguna, and James G. Wahome. The Rural Informal Sector in Kenya: Report of a Survey in Nyeri, Meru, Uasin Gishu and Siaya Districts. Nairobi, Kenya: Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi, 1987. 176 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Informal sector, Rural development, Small business, Labor force, Entrepreneurship, Technology, Trade relations. KEYWORDS: small-scale industry; Nyeri District, Kenya; Meru District, Kenya; Uasin Gishu District, Kenya; Siaya District, Kenya.

• 455

Compares the rural informal sector of four rural districts in Kenya—Nyeri, Meru, Uasin Gishu, and Siaya. Concludes that this sector is dominated by trade, with little opportunity for growth, and that government policy should formalize it and by transforming it, create labor absorption possibilities. 6705 Norcliffe, Glen. "Operating characteristics of rural non-farm enterprises in Central Province, Kenya." World Development 11, no. 11 (November 1983): 981-994. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Informal sector, Entrepreneurship, Rural development. KEYWORDS: rural industry; Central Province, Kenya; ILO.

Regionalism/Nationalism

6706 Orwa, D. Katete. "Kenya's relations with its neighbors: The search for a regional equilibrium." The Jerusalem Journal of International Relations 11, no. 4 (1989): 106-128. SUBJECTS: Regional cooperation, Foreign policy, Nonaligned nation, Regional security. Outlines the dynamics of Kenya's response to regional relations since independence. Suggests a period of relative equilibrium in relations among East African nations in the period 1961-1971 followed by conflict during the 1970s. Contends that the 1980s saw Kenya attempting to reconstruct the power equilibrium.

Religion

6707 Booth, Karen M., and Newell S. Booth, Jr.. "Islam and political development in Kenya." African Studies Association Papers 28, no. 12 (November 1985): 1-18. biblio. SUBJECTS: Islamic society, Education opportunity, Ethnic conflict, Nationalism, Religious conflict, Political development, Women's political role. KEYWORDS: KADU (Kenya African Democratic Union); KANU (Kenya African National Union); fundamentalism.

Rural Development

6708 Gould, W. T. S. "Urban bias, regional differentiation and rural-urban interaction in Kenya." African Urban Quarterly 2, no. 2 (May 1987): 122-133. tables. SUBJECTS: Rural-urban relations, Rural development, Regional development, Income distribution, Technological development, Urban development, Migration pattern. KEYWORDS: urban bias; regional inequality. Disagrees with the view that the rural sector is an exploited peasant-oriented society while the urban sector is capitalist and rich. Argues that factors such as population mobility, exchange, and remittances show otherwise. Suggests that rural-urban relations differ and generalizations provide false dichotomies. 6709 Holmquist, Frank. "Class structure, peasant participation, and rural self-help." In: Politics and Public Policy in Kenya and Tanzania, edited by Joel D. Barkan and John J. Okumu. New York: Praeger, 1984. 129-153 pp. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Peasant society, Rural development, Bourgeoisie, Decentralization, Self-help, Class analysis. KEYWORDS: peasant participation; TANU. 6710 Jobs and Skills Programme for Africa. The Rural-Urban

Gap

4 5 6 • KENYA/Rural D e v e l o p m e n t and Income Distribution: The Case of Kenya. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: International Labour Office, 1982. 69 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Ruralurban relations,'Income distribution, Rural development, Poverty, Agricultural sector. KEYWORDS: wage labor; Crawford-Thorbecke study; urban bias. 6711 Livingstone, Ian. "Experimentation in rural development: Kenya's Special Rural Development Programme." In: Papers on the Kenyan Economy: Performance, Problems and Policies, edited by Tony Killick. Nairobi, Kenya: Heinemann, 1981. 320-328 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS : Rural development, Integrated rural development, Agricultural policy, Self-reliance, Project design. KEYWORDS: Kenya Special Rural Development Programme 1970-1974. 6712 Mulwa, Francis W. "Participation of the grassroots in rural development: The case of the development education programme of the Catholic diocese of Machakos, Kenya." Journal of Social Development in Africa 3, no. 2 (1988): 49-65. tables. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Grassroots movement, Peasant society, Green Revolution, Education system, Project design. KEYWORDS: Catholic church; Machakos District, Kenya; development participation; Development Education Programme. Uses the example of the Catholic development education program in Machakos, Kenya, to assert that development is more successful when the local population shares in the decision-making process and participates in the planning of development projects. 6713 Mulwa, Francis Wambua. Participation of the Poor in Rural Transformation: A Kenyan Case. Eldoret, Kenya: Gaba, AMECEA (Association of Member Episcopal Conferences of Eastern Africa), 1987.83 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Rural poverty, Rural development, Development planning, Education system. KEYWORDS: Development Education Programme; Catholic church; urban bias; Harambee ideology, Kenya; development participation. Examines the situation of the rural poor in Kenya and proposes that they become social-change agents, instead of development tools, by taking an active role in the transformation of their lives. Discusses the Catholic church's role in Kenya and the church's Development Education Programme. 6714 Oyugi, Walter Ouma. Rural Development Administration: A Kenyan Experience. New Delhi, India: Vikas, 1981. 227 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Rural planning policy, Technical training, Government bureaucracy, Development planning. KEYWORDS: Kenya Special Rural Development Programme 19701974; NRDC (National Rural Development Committee); US AID. 6715 Savur, Manorama. "Some developmental issues in Kenya's rural sector." In: Development Issues in Africa, edited by Priya Mutalik-Desai. Bombay, India: Himalaya, 1982. 66-89 pp. ALSO COVERS : East Africa. SUBJECTS : Rural development, Colonialism, Rural population. KEYWORDS: Imperial British East Africa Company; KCA (Kikuyu Central Association); Kenyanization. SEE ALSO 3340, 3364,14548.

Socioeconomic Analysis

6716 Ahmed, Osman Sheikh, and Alfred J. Field, Jr. 'The potential effects of income-redistribution policies on the final pattern of income distribution: The case of Kenya." The Journal of Developing Areas 20, no. 1 (October 1985): 1-22. tables. SUBJECTS: Income distribution, Resource distribution, Economic growth rate, Economic planning, Taxation policy, Wage policy, Import substitution.

KEYWORDS: trickle down. 6717 Berg-Schlosser, Dirk. Tradition and Change in Kenya: A Comparative Analysis of Seven Major Ethnic Groups. Paderbom, West Germany: Ferdinand Schoeningh, 1984. 279 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Social change, Traditional society, Ethnicity, Socioeconomic analysis. KEYWORDS: Kikuyu people; Kamba people; Mijikenda people; Luyia people; Luo people. 6718 Bigsten, Arne. "Welfare and economic growth in Kenya, 191476." World Development 14, no. 9 (September 1986): 1151-1160. tables. SUBJECTS: Income inequality, Poverty, Income distribution, Agricultural sector, Employment, Economic growth rate. KEYWORDS: self-employment. Measures and analyzes changes in income, income distribution, and poverty in Kenya from 1914 to 1976. Discusses the welfare distribution of growth in a dual economy. Argues that in order to analyze changes in economic welfare, changes in per capita incomes, inequality, and poverty must be taken into account. 6719 Carron, Gabriel, and Ta Ngoc Chau. Reduction of Regional Disparities: The Role of Educational Planning. Paris: UNESCO, 1981. 126 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Cameroon, Madagascar. SUBJECTS: Education system, Case study, Resource distribution, Statistical analysis. 6720 Central Bureau of Statistics. A Situation Analysis of Children and Women in Kenya: Some Determinants ofWellbeing. Vol. 1 of 4. Nairobi, Kenya: Central Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Finance & Planning, 1984. 95 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Children, Population growth, Poverty, Urbanization, Women's studies, Pastoralism, Income distribution. 6721 Collier, Paul. "Why poor people get rich: Kenya 1960-1979." World Development 12, no. 10 (October 1984): 1007-1018. tables. SUBJECTS: Poverty, Resource distribution, Capital formation, Land reform, Primary education, Labor market. KEYWORDS: urban bias; off-farm income; middle peasantry. 6722 Goldschmidt, Armin M. F. Social-Psychological Determinants of Rural-Urban Migration in Kenya: An Eco-Psychological Village Study on Social Change in Meru District (Mt. Kenya). Saarbruecken, West Germany: Verlag Breitenbach Publishers, 1986. 306 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Sociological analysis, Rural-urban migration, Land tenure system, Social change. KEYWORDS: Mwimbi, Kenya; Meru District, Kenya; action theory; psychological analysis. Investigates the social-psychological influences that bring about rural-urban migration. Bases the approach on the theory that human beings tend toward change and thus migration. Highlights the interdependent changes the village has experienced within Kenyan society and recommends that rural areas receive greater priority. 6723 Hazlewood, Arthur. "Income distribution and poverty: An unfashionable view." In: Papers on the Kenyan Economy: Performance, Problems and Policies, edited by Tony Killick. Nairobi, Kenya: Heinemann, 1981. 150-156 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Income distribution, Economic analysis, Land distribution, Economic inequality, Poverty. 6724 Meyer, Judith. Kenya: Monitoring Living Conditions and Consumption Patterns. Geneva, Switzerland: UNRISD (UN Research Institute for Social Development), 1990. 134 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Basic needs, Socioeconomic analysis, Statistical analysis. KEYWORDS: UN. Cites Kenya as a case study on the monitoring of living conditions and consumption patterns in developing countries, arising out of a 1985 UN General Assembly resolution. Evaluates Kenya's attempts to identify population segments that are not attaining adequate levels

KENYA/Urban Development • 4 5 7 of basic needs. Emphasizes official statistics.

transfers more efficiently than transnational corporations can.

6725 Mitullah, W. V. Management of Urban Services in Nairobi: Focus on Matatu Mode of Public Transport. Nairobi, Kenya: Mazingira Institute, 1985. 109 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Transportation system, Population growth, Socioeconomic analysis, Income distribution, Local government. KEYWORDS: commuters; matatu (mode of transport); public transportation.

SEE ALSO 3454.

6726 Mukras, Mohamed S., John O. Oucho, and Michael Bamberger. "Resource mobilization and the household economy in Kenya." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 19, no. 2 (1985): 409-421. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Household economy, Poverty, Income distribution. 6727 Mutiso, Roberta. "Poverty, women and cooperatives in Kenya." African Studies Association Papers 28, no. 92 (November 1985): 1-18. SUBJECTS: Poverty, Women's studies, Cooperatives, Resource distribution, Economic growth rate, Development policy. KEYWORDS: Harambee ideology, Kenya; community projects. 6728 Van Der Hoeven, Rolph. A Socio-Economic Framework for Basic Needs Planning: Kenya Case Study. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1981.125 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Basic needs, Socioeconomic analysis, Income distribution, Economic development, Labor market, Employment, Rural-urban relations. 6729 Van Der Hoeven, Rolph. Planning for Basic Needs: A Soft Option or a Solid Policy? A Basic Needs Simulation Model Applied to Kenya. Aldershot, UK: Gower, 1988. 380 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Development planning, Demographic analysis, Socioeconomic analysis, Basic needs, Models, Policy recommendation. Investigates whether basic needs policies will be effective in the short and long runs and how the outcome of basic needs policies relates to the economic and social aspects of development. Constructs a basic needs simulation model and applies it to Kenya. 6730 Vandemoortele, Jan, and Rolph Van Der Hoeven. Income Distribution and Consumption Patterns in Urban and Rural Kenya by Socio-Economic Groups. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1982. 61 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Consumption pattern, Income distribution, Household economy, Poverty, Socioeconomic analysis, Education level. KEYWORDS: skilled labor. 6731 Vandemoortele, Jan. The Public Sector and the Basic-Needs Strategy in Kenya: The Experience of the Seventies. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1983. 93 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Basic needs, Public sector, Primary education, Public health, Agricultural production, Local government, Social welfare system. SEE ALSO 14566.

Technology

6732 UNCTAD. The Impact of Technology Transfer by Foreign Small and Medium-sized Enterprises on Technological Development in Kenya. New York: UNCTAD, 1987. 42 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Technology transfer, Industrial development, Technological development, Transnational corporations, Nongovernmental organization, Small business. KEYWORDS: small-scale industry. Studies the ability of small and medium-sized enterprises to transfer skills and technological know-how to developing countries. Argues that such enterprises in advanced countries can effect such

Trade

6733 Low, Patrick. "Export subsidies and trade policy: The experience of Kenya." World Development 10, no. 4 (April 1982): 293-304. tables. SUBJECTS: Export policy, Manufacturing sector, Trade policy, International market, Import substitution, Foreign exchange, Export market. KEYWORDS: Export Compensation Act 1974; East African Community. 6734 Saeed, M., and G. P. Setia, eds. India and East Africa: Trade Ties. Delhi, India: Triveni, 1986. 264 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Uganda, Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Trade relations, Foreign trade, Trade policy. KEYWORDS: trade agreements; India-Kenya relations; India-Uganda relations; India-Tanzania relations. Examines the existing pattern of India's trade, joint ventures, and service contracts with Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. Suggests ways of rationalizing the current trade system in order to expand the volume of trade between the countries. 6735 Schlüter, Michael. Constraints on Kenya's Food and Beverage Exports. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 1984.118pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Export policy, Export economy, Development planning, International market, Food production. KEYWORDS: beverages; meat; vegetables.

Urban Development

6736 Alikhan, Fatima. Urbanization in the Third World: An African Experience. Hyderabad, India: Booklinks, 1987.216pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Urbanization, Economic development, Migration pattern, Urban growth, Development planning, Population distribution, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: rural towns; spatial analysis; regional inequality. Studies the impact that the Kenyan policies of minimizing regional disparities and seeking equitable development have had on urban settlement patterns. Describes the influence of colonialism on Kenyan spatial order and on migration to Nairobi. Suggests that new policies should focus on urban centers as well as small towns. 6737 Dewar, David, Alison Todes, and Vanessa Watson. "Urbanization processes and policies in Africa: Lessons from Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe." Journal of Contemporary African Studies 3, no. 1/2 (October 1983/April 1984): 79-107. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania, Zambia. SUBJECTS: Urbanization, Modernization, Migration pattern, Unemployment, Rural development, Industrialization, Urban population. 6738 Fair, T. J. D. "Urban growth in Kenya." Africa Insight 13, no. 3 (1983): 183-189. tables. SUBJECTS: Urban growth, Urbanization, Colonialism, Agricultural sector, Housing, Urban poverty, National development. KEYWORDS: urban bias. 6739 Gould, W. T. S. "Migration and development in western Kenya, 1971-82: A retrospective analysis of primary school leavers." Africa: Journal of the International African Institute/Revue de I'Institut AfricainInternational 55, no. 3 (1985): 262-285. tables, maps. SUB-

458

• KENYA/Urban Development

JECTS: Primary education, Migration pattern, Urban development, Population distribution, Urban growth. KEYWORDS: school leavers. 6740 Lee-Smith, D., and P. A. Memon. "Insitution development for delivery of low-income housing: An evaluation of the Dandora Community Development Project in Nairobi." Third World Planning Review 10, no. 3 (August 1988): 217-239. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa, East Africa. SUBJECTS: Case study, Urban development, Low-income housing, Urban planning policy, Housing policy. KEYWORDS: Dandora Community Development Project; World Bank; Nairobi City Council Housing Development Department. Discusses recent Kenyan and African housing projects that have been significantly influenced by shifts in the priorities of international development agencies toward more reliance on private-sector institutions. Uses the Dandora Project as an example of an experimental approach to low-cost housing. 6741 McKee, S. Ian D. "Planning and urbanization." In: Urbanization and Development Planning in Kenya, edited by R. A. Obudho. Nairobi, Kenya: Kenya Literature Bureau, 1981. 247-262 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Urbanization, Urban planning policy, Population growth, Rural development, Employment opportunity, Rural-urban migration, Land-use policy. KEYWORDS: CHB (Central Housing Board). 6742 Obudho, R. A. Nairobi, Kenya: A Bibliographic Survey. Albany, New York: Vance, 1984. 38 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Demographic analysis, Urbanization, Urban planning policy. KEYWORDS: Nairobi, Kenya. 6743 Obudho, R. A., and G. O. Aduwo. "Small urban centres and the spatial planning of Kenya." In: Small Town Africa: Studies in Rural-Urban Interaction, edited by Jonathan Baker. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1990. 51-68 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Urban development, National planning policy, Urban growth. KEYWORDS: small towns; spatial analysis. Reviews the role of small towns in national development. Demonstrates their limits and progress and makes recommendations for their management. Argues that the movement of households between rural and urban centers must be understood. Discusses the origin and growth of small and intermediate-size urban centers. 6744 Obudho, R. A. "Urbanization and rural planning in East Africa." African Studies Association Papers 26, no. 102 (December 1983): 1-46. tables. ALSO COVERS: Uganda, Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Urbanization, Urban planning policy, Decentralization, Demographic analysis, Rural-urban migration, Rural planning policy, Labor force. KEYWORDS: African socialism; villagization. 6745 Obudho, Robert A. Demography, Urbanization, and Spatial Planning in Kenya: A Bibliographical Survey. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood, 1985. 285 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Urban planning policy, Urbanization, Demographic analysis. KEYWORDS: spatial analysis. 6746 Ornas, Anders Hjort af. "Town-based pastoralism in Eastern Africa." In: Small Town Africa: Studies in Rural-Urban Interaction, edited by Jonathan Baker. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1990.143-160 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Sudan, Somalia. SUBJECTS: Pastoralism, Urban development, Ethnicity, Migration, Urban growth. KEYWORDS: small towns; Isiolo, Kenya; Port Sudan, Sudan; Yaq Bariweyne, Somalia; disaster relief. Examines the existence of pastoralism within towns so as to demonstrate the complex links between rural and urban systems. Addresses the use of towns by pastoralists to earn wages that are then used collectively—as milk collection centers and as buffers against population pressures and drought.

6747 UN Centre for Regional Development. The Growth Profiles of Small Cities. Nagoya, Japan: UN Centre for Regional Development, 1983. 129 pp. SUBJECTS: Development policy, Regional planning policy, Urban growth, Urban planning policy. KEYWORDS: small cities development. SEE ALSO 6054.

Women and Gender

6748 Barnes, Carolyn. "Differentiation by sex among small-scale f a r m i n g h o u s e h o l d s in K e n y a . " Rural Africana no. 1 5 / 1 6 (Winter/Spring 1983): 41-63. tables. SUBJECTS: Smallholder agriculture, Household analysis, Division of labor, Sex discrimination. KEYWORDS: Kikuyu people. 6749 Barret, Minna. "Women's income-generating initiatives in Kenya: Self-report perceptions of the need for and value of women's groups." African Urban Quarterly 2, no. 4 (November 1987): 435442. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Women's studies, Family, Gender relations. KEYWORDS: income generation; survey. Suggests that changes in the economy effect significant changes in family life. Shows how these changes affect women differently through surveys of Kenya. Argues that many of the changes are due to an increasing number of women's becoming involved in cooperatives and other income-generating projects. 6750 Bell, Simon. Women in Rural Development in Kenya, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe: A Partially Annotated Bibliography. Norwich, UK: School of Development Studies, University of East Anglia, 1985. 40 pp. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania, Zimbabwe. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Rural development, Bibliography, Women's political role, Gender relations. KEYWORDS: women's social role. 6751 Byamukama, James. Land Law Reform and Women' s Property Rights in Land in Kenya. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: African Human Rights Research Association, 1985.22 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Land reform, Women's rights, Property rights, Land tenure system, Rural development, W o m e n ' s economic role, Legal system. KEYWORDS: land law; usufruct rights. 6752 Feldman, Rayah. "Women's groups and women's subordination: An analysis of policies toward rural women in Kenya." Review of African Political Economy 27/28 (February 1984): 67-85. tables. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Division of labor, Agricultural production, Peasant class, Labor force, Informal sector, Sex discrimination. KEYWORDS: off-farm income; Women's Bureau. 6753 Hakansson, Thomas. Bridewealth, Women and Land: Social Change Among the Gusii of Kenya. Uppsala, Sweden: Uppsala University, 1988.237 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Gender relations, Marriage, Traditional society, Family, Social change, Land tenure system. KEYWORDS: Gusii people; bridewealth. Examines the persistence of bridewealth among the Gusii people. Studies gender relations and family organization, focusing on the changing rights and obligations between spouses. Considers bridewealth's role in regulating property relationships and controlling people. 6754 House-Midamba, Bessie. "The United Nations decade: Political empowerment or increased marginalization for Kenyan women." Africa Today 37, no. 1 (1990): 37-48. SUBJECTS: Women's political role, Women's studies, Political power, Elite analysis. KEYWORDS:

KENYA/Women and Gender • 4 5 9 UN Decade for Women, Equality, Development, and Peace 19751985. Analyzes women's path to political and legal power in Kenya. Addresses elite women as a possible power base. Asks whether women have been empowered in relation to the goals of the UN Decade for Women and why women are able to have influence in Kenyan society despite limitations. 6755 Jules-Rosette, Bennetta. "Women and new technologies in comparative perspective: Case studies in Ivory Coast and Kenya." African Urban Studies 21 (Spring 1985): 25-37. ALSO COVERS: Cote d'lvoire. SUBJECTS: Case study, Technology, Women's economic role, Women's studies. KEYWORDS: computers. 6756 Kettel, Bonnie. "The commoditization of women in Tugen (Kenya) social organization." In: Women and Class in Africa, edited by Claire Robertson and Iris Berger. New York: Africana, 1986.47-61 pp. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Sex role, Division of labor, Pastoralism, Food production, Gender relations, Women's rights. KEYWORDS: Tugen people. Examines the impact of pastoralism on gender relations among the Tugen people in Kenya. Discusses women's rights, their capital accumulation in terms of cattle, their access to resources, and societal methods of resource control. Examines the treatment of women as a resource or commodity. 6757 Maas, Maria. Women's Groups in Kiambu, Kenya: It Is Always a Good Thing to Have Land. Leiden, Netherlands: African Studies Centre, 1986. 85 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Cooperatives, Family, Women's political role, Division of labor, Land tenure system, Household analysis. KEYWORDS: Kikuyu people; Kiambu, Kenya; Harambee ideology, Kenya. Studies the economic cooperation between Kikuyu women in the village of Kulima. Describes how women's groups are formed and how they relate to both the household and the extended family. Places the organization of women's groups in historical perspective by showing the continuity of cooperation between Kikuyu women. 6758 Mackenzie, Fiona. "Land and territory: The interface between two systems of land tenure, Murang'a District, Kenya." Africa: Journal of the International African Institute/Revue de I'Institut Africain International 59, no. 1 (1989): 91-109. SUBJECTS: Land tenure system, Land reform, Gender relations, W o m e n ' s rights. KEYWORDS: Kikuyu people; female husbands; Murang'a District, Kenya. Examines the relation between the ng'undu land tenure sytem and the colonial private system. Argues that the tensions between the systems in the 1970s and 1980s disadvantaged women but also provided them with an arena in which to contest land rights. Describes the system whereby women marry other women to gain land rights. 6759 Mbeo, Mary Adhiambo, and Oki Ooko-Ombaka, eds. Women and Law in Kenya: Perspectives and Emerging Issues. Nairobi, Kenya: Public Law Institute, 1989.130 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Research methodology, Women's studies, Education policy, Legal system, Women's rights, Language policy, Gender relations. KEYWORDS: women's education; economic marginalization. Explores issues surrounding women and the law in Kenya. Focuses on education policies as they affect women. Touches on gender issues as they pertain to the legislative process. Draws attention to women as victims of the law and the legislative process. Examines women's economic role. 6760 Nzomo, Maria. "The impact of the Women's Decade on policies, programs and empowerment of women in Kenya." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 17, no. 2 (Summer 1989): 9-17. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Women's political role, Women and development. KEYWORDS: UN Decade for Women, Equality, Development, and

Peace 1975-1985; NCWK (National Council of Women of Kenya); MYWO (Maendeleo Ya Wanawake Organization). Looks at the women's movement in Kenya as a result of the UN Women's Decade conference held in Nairobi in 1985. Focuses on changes in policy-making and planning processes to improve women's economic situation. 6761 Potash, Betty. Female Farmers, Mothers-in-Law and Extension Agents: Development Planning and a Rural Luo Community. East Lansing, Michigan: Michigan State University, 1985. 15 pp. SUBJECTS: Women and development, Family, Rural planning policy, Agricultural extension service, W o m e n ' s economic role. KEYWORDS: Luo people. 6762 Presley, Cora Ann. "Mau Mau rebellion: Kikuyu women and social change." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 22, no. 3 (1988): 502-527. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Social change, Women's political role, Nationalist movement, W o m e n ' s studies, Class analysis. KEYWORDS: KCA (Kikuyu Central Association); KAU (Kenya African Union); Mau Mau movement; Kikuyu people. Views the Mau Mau from a woman's perspective to show that female nationalist involvement cuts across class lines. Illustrates the ambiguity of elite involvement and demonstrates how women forced the state to devote resources to women's programs. Criticizes the historical field for its omission of female nationalists. 6763 Smock, Audrey Chapman. "Women's economic roles." In: Papers on the Kenyan Economy: Performance, Problems and Policies, edited by Tony Killick. Nairobi, Kenya: Heinemann, 1981. 218-227 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Division of labor, Labor force. KEYWORDS: female-headed households. 6764 Stamp, Patricia. "Kikuyu women's self-help groups: Toward an understanding of the relation between sex-gender system and mode of production in Africa." In: Women and Class in Africa, edited by Claire Robertson and Iris Berger. New York: Africana, 1986. 27-46 pp. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Women and development, Sex role, Class analysis, Self-help, Gender relations, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: Kikuyu people. Attempts to overcome the traditional practice of separating class exploitation from other forms of oppression. Blends an analysis of colonial oppression with an analysis of gender and class oppression to arrive at a new concept of women as peasants, as well as of the peasantry and of class relations in general. 6765 Staudt, Kathleen A. "Sex, ethnic, and class consciousness in western Kenya." Comparative Politics 14, no. 2 (January 1982): 149-168. SUBJECTS: Ethnicity, Women's rights, Gender relations, Class analysis. KEYWORDS: Western Province, Kenya. 6766 Stichter, Sharon. "The middle class family in Kenya: Changes in gender relations." African Urban Studies 21 (Spring 1985): 39-52. tables. SUBJECTS: Household analysis, Family, Sex role, Gender relations, Class analysis, Division of labor. KEYWORDS: domestic relations; middle class. 6767 Stichter, Sharon. "Women and the family: The impact of capitalist development in Kenya." In: The Political Economy of Kenya, edited by Michael G. Schatzberg. New York: Praeger, 1987. 137-160 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Women and development, Family, Capitalist development, Division of labor. KEYWORDS: Buru Buru housing estate, Nairobi; Umoja housing estate, Nairobi. Examines whether the entry of urban married women into the workplace (in white- and blue-collar jobs) has affected aspects of family structure and process, in particular, family decision making, apportionment of financial responsibility, and division of household

460

• K E N Y A / W o m e n and G e n d e r

labor. 6768 Stichter, Sharon. Women, Employment, and the Family in Nairobi: The Impact of Capitalist Development in Kenya. Boston, Massachusetts: African Studies Center, Boston University, 1986. 19 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Employment, Gender relations, Family, Capitalist development, Division of labor, Household analysis. KEYWORDS: Nairobi, Kenya; domestic relations. Studies women, their labor, and their relationships at home and at work in three residential areas outside Nairobi. Compares education, income, and household relationships to determine women's status. Argues that middle-income women are not gaining a greater amount of independence from or within the family. 6769 Stichter, Sharon B. "The middle-class family in Kenya: Changes in gender relations." In: Patriarchy and Class: African Women in the Home and the Workforce, edited by Sharon B. Stichter and Jane L. Parpart. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1988. 177-203 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Gender relations, Household economy, Division of labor, Women's economic role, Family. KEYWORDS: Luo people; middle class. Addresses the changes in women's position in the family that have resulted from the creation of a middle class in Kenya. Focuses on the changes in female-male relations in material appropriation, conjugal power and decision making, and domestic labor. 6770 Thomas, Barbara. "Household strategies for adaptation and change: Participation in Kenyan rural women's associations." Africa: Journal of the International African Institute/Revue de l'Institut AfricainInternational 58, no. 4 (1988): 401-422. tables. SUBJECTS: Household analysis, Agricultural cooperatives, Women's studies, Women's economic role, Local development, Rural development. KEYWORDS: women's associations; Murang'a District, Kenya; Mbiri, Kenya; Weithaga, Kenya. Explores the hypothesis that some rural African households use local-level associations as adaptive mechanisms to enable them to respond with increased effectiveness to external changes. Argues that participation, especially by women, in rural associations may be a key household strategy for meeting market challenges. 6771 Thomas, Barbara P. Household Strategies for Adaptation and Change: Participation in Kenyan Rural Women's Associations. East Lansing, Michigan: Women in International Development, Michigan State University, 1988. 23 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Household analysis, Women's studies, Rural development, Agricultural coopera-

tives, Local development, Women's economic role. KEYWORDS: Murang'a District, Kenya; Mbiri, Kenya; Weithaga, Kenya; women's associations. Considers the Murang'a District of Kenya, where local women's organizations are used to ensure mutual cooperation, reciprocity, and exchange. States that women can gain labor, capital, access to resources, and short-term loans. Concludes that low-income women benefit the most by gaining control over their livelihood. 6772 Thomas-Slayter, Barbara P. Politics, Class and Gender in African Resource Management: Examining the Connections in Rural Kenya. Boston, Massachusetts: African Studies Center, Boston University, 1989. 17 pp. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Class analysis, N a t u r a l resource m a n a g e m e n t , Gender relations. KEYWORDS: Katheka village, Kenya. Addresses the relationship between class and gender at the local level in Kenya. Examines resource conflicts as they interface with both class and gender in Katheka Sublocation, Kenya. 6773 Udvardy, Monica. "Women's groups near the Kenyan coast: Patron-clientship in the development arena." In: Anthropology of Development and Change in East Africa, edited by Peter Little and David Brokensha. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1988. 217-235 pp. SUBJECTS: Women and development, Women's political role, Women's rights. KEYWORDS: women's associations; patron-client relations; Kaloleni Division, Kenya. Analyzes the issue of gender inequality in the Kaloleni Division of Kenya. Observes that women's groups are dependent on men's legitimization of women's political actions. Suggests ways in which women's groups can become more independent. 6774 von Biilow, Dorthe, and Anne Sorensen. Gender Dynamics in Contract Farming: Women's Role in Smallholder Tea Production in Kericho District, Kenya. Copenhagen, Denmark: Centre for Development Research, 1989. 217 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Gender relations, Household analysis, Division of labor, Women's economic role, Smallholder agriculture. KEYWORDS: Kericho District, Kenya; contract farming; Kipsigis people; Nandi people; KTDA (Kenya Tea Development Authority). Encompasses the interaction between gender relations inside and outside the household, and outgrower schemes as a new form of production organization. Utilizes as examples some schemes for smallholder tea production in the Kenyan highlands organized by the KTDA. SEE ALSO 3605, 3642, 3650, 3654, 3662.

LESOTHO Agriculture

6775 Brokken, Ray F., Brent M. Swallow, 'Mabaitsi M. Motsamai, and 'Malijeng Mpemi. Marketing Grains, Pulses, and Vegetables in Lesotho. Maseru, Lesotho: Ministry of Agriculture, 1986. 21 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural marketing, Food production. KEYWORDS: grain; vegetables. Focuses on the marketing systems for Lesotho's major crops— maize, sorghum, wheat, dry beans, peas—and its main vegetables, including cabbages, potatoes, tomatoes, and onions. Argues that changes in the marketing system must accompany increases in food production, for which there is great potential.

6776 Huisman, Marion. Agricultural Development in Lesotho: The Legal Framework and the Executive. Roma, Lesotho: Department of Geography, National University of Lesotho, 1983. 73 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Legal system, Land tenure system, Land-use policy, Marketing, Traditional legal system. 6777 Joint ECA/FAO Agricultural Division. An Assessment of the Organization and Function of Agricultural Support Services in Lesotho vis-à-vis the Needs and Problems of Small-Scale Farmers. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Joint ECA/FAO Agricultural Division, 1985. 35 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural sector, Agricultural extension service, Agricultural marketing, Agricultural research, Agricultural cooperatives, Smallholder agriculture. KEYWORDS: agricultural credit.

LESOTHO/Economics 6778 Kross, Heike, Hannes Lorenzen, Peter Pfaumann, and Khosrow Saidi, eds. Baseline Survey on Agriculture and Living Conditions in the Semonkong Region, Lesotho. Berlin, West Germany: Technischen Universitaet Berlin, 1984. 232 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Agricultural extension service, Agricultural cooperatives, Women's economic role, Livestock production, Labor migration. KEYWORDS: Semonkong Region, Lesotho; cropping system; RSC (Rural Service Centre). 6779 Lehutso, M. Population, Land Distribution, and Agriculture in Lesotho. Maseru, Lesotho: Workshop on the Foundation of Documented Population Policy, 1988. 9 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Population policy, Land distribution, Development planning. Reviews the way in which population variables are being considered in planning. Makes recommendations for better inclusion. 6780 Lesotho Government. Proceedings, Land Act Review Seminar. Quthing, Lesotho: Land Act Review Seminar, 1987. 234 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Land tenure system, Traditional authority, Land reform, Agricultural development, Commercial agriculture, Urban development, Infrastructure. KEYWORDS: Land Act 1979. A collection of articles presented by the Lesotho government commission to review the Land Act of 1979. Examines land policy in both rural and urban settings. Traces changes in the traditional land tenure system. Highlights urban sprawl problems, as well as obstacles to planning and administration. 6781 Mashinini, Israel Vusi. Land Tenure and Agricultural Development in Lesotho. Roma, Lesotho: National University of Lesotho, 1983. 46 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Property rights, Land tenure system, Agrarian economy, Rural development, Labor migration. 6782 Plath, Joel C., David W. Holland, and Joe W. Carvalho. "Labor migration in Southern Africa and agricultural development: Some lessons from Lesotho." The Journal of Developing Areas 21, no. 2 (January 1987): 159-173. tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Agricultural sector, Agricultural development, Labor migration, Livestock production, Agricultural technology. KEYWORDS: agricultural income. Presents an analytical framework relevant to agriculture as a viable alternative to migration for employment and income. 6783 Setai, Bethuel Pitori. Constraints to Rural Development in Lesotho. Rondebosch, RSA: SALDRU, School of Economics, University of Cape Town, 1984. 59 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Agricultural development, Price policy, Agricultural marketing, Land-use policy. 6784 Sterkenburg, J. J. "Factors influencing food production in Lesotho and Swaziland." In: Food Systems in Central and Southern Africa, edited by Johan Pottier. London: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, 1985. 246-264 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Swaziland. SUBJECTS: Economic system, Agricultural policy, Agricultural development, Labor migration, Food production, Hunger, Rural population. KEYWORDS: food self-sufficiency; wage labor.

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Economics

6786 Cobbe, James. "Lesotho: Economic factors in and implications of the coup." African Studies Association Papers 29, no. 21 (October/November 1986): 1-24. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Coup d'état, Economic dependency, Trade relations, Migration pattern, Economic sanctions, Employment. KEYWORDS: Jonathan, Joseph Leabua. Recounts Lesotho's historical, socioeconomic dependency on the RSA, focusing on the period since the overthrow of the Jonathan government. Concludes that structural changes in Lesotho will probably be addressed only as the situation changes in RSA. 6787 Department of Political and Administrative Science, ed. The New Post-Apartheid South Africa and Its Neighbors. Maseru, Lesotho: National University of Lesotho, 1990. 300 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa, Swaziland. SUBJECTS: Economic policy, Labor migration, Nationalism, Mining, Economic dependency, Foreign policy, Traditional authority. KEYWORDS: ANC; COSATU (Congress of South African Trade Unions); SACU (Southern African Customs Union); Lesotho Highlands Water Project. A collection of articles on the postapartheid possibilities for Southern Africa. Addresses agricultural policy, political parties and organizations, economic policy, labor demand, boundary redrawing, migration, dependency on foreign nations, the position of chiefs, and hydroelectric projects. 6788 Edmonds, G. A., Karlis Goppers, and Mikael Soderback. Men or Machines? An Evaluation of Labour Intensive Public Works in Lesotho. Stockholm, Sweden: SIDA, 1986.79 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic management, Business administration, Economic planning, Industrial policy. K E Y W O R D S : SIDA (Swedish International Development Authority); labor-intensive; Sweden-Lesotho relations. Examines the labor-intensive construction program supported by SIDA, which is efficiently run and has reached a satisfactory technical standard at competitive cost. Concludes, however, that little has yet been achieved to create large-scale employment and to promote widespread use of the labor-intensive methods that were the program's long-term objectives. 6789 Pavlich, George. "Re-evaluating modernisation and dependency in Lesotho." The Journal of Modern African Studies 26, no. 4 (December 1988): 591-605. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Poverty, Modernization, Land tenure system, Economic dependency. KEYWORDS: SADCC; autonomous development; bridewealth. 6790 Sefali, Michael. Research and Technology in Southern Africa: Priorities and the Need for Coordination of Research Efforts. Roma, Lesotho: Institute of Southern African Studies, University of Lesotho, 1981. 18 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Political independence, Liberation movement, Economic dependency, Economic development, Research and development, Technological development. KEYWORDS: SADCC.

6785 Trollip, Jonathan. Rural Development in Lesotho. Cape Town, RSA: School of Economics, University of Cape Town, 1981. 85 pp. tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Land tenure system, Economic development, Agricultural marketing, Land-use policy. KEYWORDS: RSA-Lesotho relations; EGS (Employment Guarantee Scheme).

6791 Swallow, Brent M., None Mokitimi, and Ray F. Brokken. Cattle Marketing in Lesotho. Maseru, Lesotho: Institute of Southern African Studies, 1986. 75 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Livestock production, Market economy, Market system, Models, State-owned enterprise. KEYWORDS: Basotho people; LPMS (Livestock Producers Marketing Services). Points out that the Lesotho cattle industry is characterized by overstocking, range degradation, low reproduction, and high mortality. Concludes that a change of marketing policy is needed.

SEE ALSO 13327, 13335, 13342, 13344.

6792 Wellings, P. A. "Modern-sector development and South

462 •

LESOTHO/Economics

African investment: A viable strategy for Lesotho?" Journal of African Studies 13, no. 1 (Spring 1986): 4-16. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Rural development, Investment policy, Industrial policy, Poverty, Employment. KEYWORDS: RSA-Lesotho relations; LNDC (Lesotho National Development Corporation); periurban communities. Focuses on the viability and consequences of foreign, particularly RS A, involvement in Lesotho's modern-sector development. Outlines Lesotho's dependence on the RSA and the transition from rural development to industrial development. Details why RSA intervention offers little benefit to Lesotho. SEE ALSO 4048,4063, 13359.

Education

6793 Hartwell, A. S. "An introduction to the education system in Lesotho." In: Perspectives on Curriculum and Instruction: Teaching in Lesotho, edited by Frank Schorn and Arthur Blair. Paris: UNESCO., 1982. 11-33 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Primary education, Secondary education, Nonformal education, Education policy. 6794 Maloi, Lebesa Charles. An Investigation of Problems Encountered by Teachers in Implementing the 1981 Social Studies Programme in Lesotho Primary Schools. Nairobi, Kenya: African Studies in Curriculum Development and Evaluation, 1983. 54 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Sociological analysis, Education system, Primary education, Demographic analysis. KEYWORDS: social science discipline; curriculum. 6795 Schorn, Frank, and Arthur Blair, eds. Perspectives on Curriculum and Instruction: Teaching inLesotho. Paris: UNESCO, 1982. 296 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Education system, Education policy, Primary education, Secondary education, Nonformal education. KEYWORDS: curriculum. 6796 Taylor, D. C. 'The rationale for development studies." In: Perspectives on Curriculum and Instruction: Teaching in Lesotho, edited by Frank Schorn and Arthur Blair. Paris: UNESCO., 1982. 106-128 pp. SUBJECTS: Formal education, Education policy, Secondary education, Development theory. 6797 Thelejani, T. Sohl. Implementing Educational Policies in Lesotho. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1990. 23 pp. SUBJECTS: Education system, Nonformal education, Unemployment, Language policy. Reviews education development plans and evaluates their implementation, including book supply, classroom building, and nonformal education. Examines problems such as school leavers, decline in education quality, teacher shortages, insufficient training in English, and lack of employment opportunities. SEE ALSO 4069.

Environment

6798 Matsaba, Kopo E., and Paul A. Wellings. "Conservation education." In: Lesotho, Environment and Management, edited by Gerard Schmitz. Roma, Lesotho: National University of Lesotho, 1983. 89100 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Education policy, Environmental

degradation, Natural resource management. KEYWORDS: soil erosion; conservation. 6799 McClain, William T. "Environmental and Natural Resources Law in Lesotho." In: Lesotho, Environment and Management, edited by Gerard Schmitz. Roma, Lesotho: National University of Lesotho, 1983. 113-124 pp. SUBJECTS: Environmental degradation, Legal system, Natural resource management, Water supply. 6800 Schmitz, Gerard, ed. Lesotho, Environment and Management. Roma, Lesotho: National University of Lesotho, 1983.125 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Environmental degradation, Education policy, Legal system, Natural resource management. KEYWORDS: vegetation; soil erosion. 6801 Schmitz, Gerard. "Systems of erosion and sedimentation and the landscape of Lesotho." In: Lesotho, Environment and Management, edited by Gerard Schmitz. Roma, Lesotho: National University of Lesotho, 1983. 7-30 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Environmental degradation. KEYWORDS: soil erosion; sedimentation. 6802 Schmitz-Ruch, Marthe O. "Flora and vegetation conservation." In: Lesotho, Environment and Management, edited by Gerard Schmitz. Roma, Lesotho: National University of Lesotho, 1983.31-44 pp. SUBJECTS: Environmental degradation. KEYWORDS: soil erosion; vegetation.

Foreign Relations

6803 Adede, A. O. "Loan agreements with foreign sovereign borrowers: Issues of sovereign immunity, applicable law and settlement of disputes." Lesotho Law Journal 3, no. 2 (1987): 101-125. SUBJECTS: Development financing, International law, International finance, Foreign capital, International economic relations, Transnational corporations. KEYWORDS: World Bank; IMF. Discusses legal issues concerning the international finance agreements between governments and private financial institutions. Outlines the status of such agreements vis-à-vis questions of sovereignty and conflict resolution. 6804 Southall, Roger. "Lesotho and the reintegration of South Africa." Africa Insight 20, no. 4 (1990): 247-254. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Bantustan, International relations. Notes that Lesotho is the only country in the world entirely surrounded by one other country and that this makes it similar to the bantustans, which are reevaluating their relationship to the RSA. Proposes that Lesotho should examine its future relationship with the RSA. 6805 Weisfelder, Richard. "Lesotho: Changing patterns of dependence." In: Southern Africa: The Continuing Crisis, edited by Gwendolen M. Carter and Patrick O'Meara. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1982.249-268 pp. SUBJECTS: Political opposition, International relations, Foreign policy, Economic interdependence. KEYWORDS: Jonathan, Joseph Leabua; BNP (Basotho National Party); RSA-Lesotho relations; BCP (Basutoland Congress Party); MFP (Marematlou Freedom Party). 6806 Wellings, Paul. "Lagging behind the bantustans: South Africa corporate investment in Lesotho." Journal of Contemporary African Studies 4, no. 1/2 (October 1984/April 1985): 139-177. tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: International economic relations, Labor migration, Transnational corporations, In-

LESOTHO/General

dustrial development. KEYWORDS: TEBA (The Employment Bureau of Africa); LNDC (Lesotho National Development Corporation); LCW (Lesotho Council of Workers); rand monetary area; RSALesotho relations. 6807 Wellings, Paul. What a Waste of Manna: Aid, Industry and the Public Accounts of Lesotho. Durban, RS A: University of Natal, 1983. 41 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Foreign aid, Industrial relations, Foreign investment, International finance, Employment, Migration. KEYWORDS: RSA-Lesotho relations. SEE ALSO 4080, 7240,10847, 10876, 10891.

General

6808 Ambrose, David P. A Brief Survey of the Existing Literature on Science and Technology Relating to Lesotho. Roma, Lesotho: National University of Lesotho, 1988. 28 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Technology, Agricultural research. KEYWORDS: geological analysis; palaeontology; archaeology; botany; zoology. A bibliography of papers about science and technology in Lesotho. Covers a number of disciplines, including engineering, geology, paleontology, archaeology, botany, and zoology, as well as health and agricultural technology. 6809 Bardill, John E., and James H. Cobbe. Lesotho: Dilemmas of Dependence in Southern Africa. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1985. 224 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa, Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: International economic relations, Economic dependency, Underdevelopment. KEYWORDS: Jonathan, Joseph Leabua; ANC. 6810 Cobbe, James. "Lesotho and South Africa: Implications of an evolving relationship." African Studies Association Papers 28, no. 19 (November 1985): 1-19. tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic dependency, Mining, Armed conflict, Political repression, Labor migration. KEYWORDS: OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development); SADCC; BNP (Basotho National Party); ANC. 6811 Cobbe, James. "Rural development in Lesotho." Journal of Contemporary African Studies 2, no. 1 (October 1982): 113-140. tables. SUBJECTS: Rural-urban migration, Rural development, Unemployment. KEYWORDS: TEBA (The Employment Bureau of Africa); rural economy; World Bank; proletarianization. 6812 Cobbe, Jim. "Modeling a labor-reserve economy: Lesotho." African Studies Association Papers 27, no. 17 (October 1984): 1-23. tables. SUBJECTS: Household analysis, Import policy, Mining, Agricultural production, Population growth, Labor migration, Development policy. 6813 Crush, Jonathan, and Paul Wellings. "Southern African pleasure periphery, 1966-83." The Journal of Modern African Studies 21, no. 4 (December 1983): 673-698. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Swaziland, Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic integration. KEYWORDS: SADCC; Amalgamated Hotels; Sun International Limited; Newco; tourism. 6814 Foundation for Education with Production. Another Development for Lesotho? Gaborone, Botswana: Foundation for Education with Production, 1989. 217 pp. SUBJECTS: National development, Agricultural sector, Industrialization, Education system, Women's

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studies, Technology transfer, Health care system. KEYWORDS: SADCC; Sweden-Southern Africa relations. A report on the National Seminar on Another Development for Lesotho, held in Maseru, Lesotho, December 14—18, 1987. Includes summaries of seminar papers and responses by ministers of the Lesotho government of the time. Contains edited versions of summary conclusions of seminar participants. 6815 Huisman, Henk. Mafeteng Town: Its Economic Structure and Regional Functions. Roma, Lesotho: Urban and Regional Planning Program, University of Lesotho, 1983. 65 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Urbanization, Manufacturing sector, Economic development. KEYWORDS: Mafeteng, Lesotho; urban economy. 6816 Huisman, Henk, and Gerard Schmitz. "Resources survey and decentralized development planning: Priorities in Lesotho." In: Southern Africa Research for Development, edited by Michael Malefetsane Sefali. Roma, Lesotho: Institute of Southern African Studies, 1988.205-212 pp. SUBJECTS: Academic research, Research m e t h o d o l o g y , D e c e n t r a l i z a t i o n , National p l a n n i n g policy. KEYWORDS: resources survey; integrated district planning surveys. Assesses the relevance of the integrated approach for resource surveys, as well as for decentralized development planning at the district level. 6817 Hunter, John P. The Economics of Wool and Mohair Production and Marketing in Lesotho. Maseru, Lesotho: Ministry of Agriculture and Marketing, 1987. 224 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Livestock production, Household analysis, Marketing, Income distribution. KEYWORDS: farming systems research; wool; mohair; sheep; goats. Reviews the important role of the wool and mohair industry in Lesotho's economy. Analyzes present-day production practices and constraints on sheep and goat livestock production. Examines the marketing of wool and mohair for tapestries and rugs. 6818 Ketso, L. V. "Lesotho: The role of agriculture and migration." In: Studies in the Economic History of Southern Africa: Volume Two: South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland, edited by Zbigniew A. Konczacki, Jane L. Parpart, and Timothy Shaw. London: Frank Cass, 1990.240-259 pp. SUBJECTS: Labor migration, Agricultural production, Income distribution. Analyzes the impact of migration with the aim of establishing whether there is any relationship between migration and agricultural production. Determines whether migration has replaced agriculture as the main economic activity in Lesotho. 6819 Lewis, Shelby, Mathetha Molapo, and Bunie Sexwale. Women in Lesotho: An Annotated Bibliography. Roma, Lesotho: National University of Lesotho, 1984.27 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Women's studies. KEYWORDS: Basotho people. 6820 Makatjane, T. J. Population Policy in Lesotho. Roma, Lesotho: National University of Lesotho, 1988. 21 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Population policy, Historical analysis, Fertility, Policy recommendation. KEYWORDS: census. States that despite policymakers' awareness that rapid population growth is hindering economic growth in Lesotho, they have not implemented any plan. Recommends how to formulate a population policy. 6821 Malahleha, Gwen. Contradictions and Ironies: Women of Lesotho. London: Change International Reports, 1984. 12 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Marriage, Education opportunity, Employment opportunity. KEYWORDS: female-headed households. 6822 Maope, Kelebone. "Private international law in Lesotho: Recent judicial decision." Lesotho Law Journal 2, no. 1 (1986):

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177-197. SUBJECTS: Case study, Law, International law, Marriage, Apartheid. KEYWORDS: family law. Reviews recent cases brought to court in Lesotho that deal with rules of private international law in the fields of contract and marriage. Illustrates the views of the courts on the subjects of the proper law of a contract, the proof of foreign law, the roles of public policy, and jurisdiction in matrimonial matters. 6823 Masahinini, I. V. "La difficile réforme foncière au Lesotho." Politique africaine no. 21 (March 1986): 54-62. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS : Land-use policy, Land reform, Agricultural production, Privatization. KEYWORDS: SACU (Southern African Customs Union); Lesotho Land Act 1979; Lesotho Land Regulations 1980. Examines land reform in Lesotho since 1979, especially the 1979 land act and the 1980 land regulation policy. Asserts that privatization and land reform may be more destructive than constructive and agrarian reform may be a more reasonable recourse. 6824 Mokhosi, Evelyn B. "Modernization and the development of education in Lesotho." In: Perspectives on Curriculum and Instruction: Teaching in Lesotho, edited by Frank Schorn and Arthur Blair. Paris: UNESCO., 1982. 44-66 pp. SUBJECTS: Education policy, Modernization. 6825 Nkomo, Sibusiso. "Confrontation and the challenge for independent development: The case of Lesotho." In: Breaking the Links: Development Theory and Practice in Southern Africa, edited by Robert E. Mazur. Trenton, New Jersey: Africa World, 1990.109-127 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Economic dependency, Labor migration, Mining, Migration. KEYWORDS: SADCC. Examines Lesotho's prospects for economic independence in the future given its heavy reliance on the RSA. Concludes that its labor force works primarily in the RSA and spends the majority of its income there. Maintains that these practices have limited the country's capacity to invest in its infrastructure and resource development. 6826 Physical Planning Division, Department of Lands. National Settlement Policy: Land Use and Land Tenure. Maseru, Lesotho: Department of Lands, 1989. 22 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Landuse policy, Land tenure system. Describes land use and tenure in each of Lesotho's ten districts. Addresses such issues as arable land, agriculture, grazing areas, and wood lots in order to help design and implement a national settlement policy. 6827 Qobo, M. P. "Subnational planning and budgeting in Lesotho." In: Subnational Planning in Southern and Eastern Africa: Approaches, Finance and Education, edited by A. H. J. Helmsing and K. H. Wekwete. Brookfield, Vermont: Aldershot, 1990. 246-258 pp. SUBJECTS: Budget policy, Development planning, Decentralization. Examines types of plan formulation and identifies them in varying degrees in the overall planning structure of Lesotho. 6828 Safilios-Rothschild, Constantina. "The persistence of women's invisibility in agriculture: Theoretical and policy lessons from Lesotho and Sierra Leone." Economic Development and Cultural Change 33, no. 2 (January 1985): 299-317. ALSO COVERS: Sierra Leone. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Agricultural labor, Social stratification. KEYWORDS: women's cooperatives. 6829 Sebatane, E. M. Population and Educational Planning in Lesotho. Lesotho: National Workshop on the Foundation of a Population Policy, 1988. 16 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Population growth, Education policy, Rural-urban migration. Examines population trends in Lesotho that should affect the planning of education, including population growth, population

migration, and population distribution. 6830 Senaoana, M. P., S. D. Turner, and G. J. van Apeldoom. Research on Rural Non Farm Employment in Lesotho: Results of a Baseline Survey. Lesotho: Institute of Southern African Studies, University of Lesotho, 1984. 80 pp. SUBJECTS: Employment, Household economy, Academic research. KEYWORDS: off-farm income. 6831 Senaoana, M. P., T. Thoahlane, S. D. Turner, and G. J. van Apeldoorn. Rural Conditions in Maseru District. Roma, Lesotho: Institute of Southern African Studies, University of Lesotho, 1985. 133 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Poverty, Subsistence economy, Rural population. KEYWORDS: Maseru, Lesotho. 6832 Singh, Ajit. "Foreign aid for structural change: Lesotho." In: Industry and Accumulation in Africa, edited by Martin Fransman. London: Heinemann, 1982. 301-321 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Foreign aid, Economic policy, National development, Industrial development. KEYWORDS: LNDC (Lesotho National Development Corporation); Basutho Enterprise Development Corporation; SACU (Southern African Customs Union); reforestation. 6833 Spiegel, Andrew D. "Internal" Migration and Rural Differentiation: A Field Report from the Natatiele/Qacha's Nek Region. Cape Town, RSA: SALDRU, School of Economics, University of Cape Town, 1984. 56 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Household economy, Labor migration. KEYWORDS: Qacha's Nek, Lesotho; Matatiele District, Transkei; rural differentiation. 6834 Stuart, J. S., P. Makhetha, M. Musi, and L. Putsoa. Classroom, Action, Research: Case-Studies in Development Studies Teaching in Lesotho Classrooms. Maseru, Lesotho: J. S. Stuart, 1985. 137 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Education system, Political participation, Case study, Economic development. KEYWORDS: action research; St. Stephen's Secondary School; Sefika Secondary School; LIFE Secondary School; NTTC (National Teacher Training College). 6835 Swallow, Brent, and 'Malijeng Mpemi. The Marketing System for Fresh Vegetables in Lesotho. Roma, Lesotho: National University of Lesotho, 1986.129 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Agricultural marketing, Literature review. KEYWORDS: vegetables; price analysis. Argues that increasing fruit and vegetable production is an effective means of enhancing food self-sufficiency, creating employment, and improving income. Describes the marketing system of vegetables. Analyzes prices and marketing of vegetables. 6836 Thoahlane, Thoahlane. A Study of Village Development Committees: The Case of Lesotho. Roma, Lesotho: Institute of Southern African Studies, National University of Lesotho, 1984. 64 pp. tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Village development, Traditional society, Human resources development. KEYWORDS: Village Development Committees; DDC (District Development Committee); churches. 6837 Transformation Resource Centre, Anglican Centre. Report of a Seminar on Migrant Labour. Maseru, Lesotho: Transformation Resource Centre, Anglican Centre, 1985. 16 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Labor migration, Apartheid, Nongovernmental organization, Migration. 6838 Weisfelder, Richard F. "The Basotho nation-state: What legacy for the future?" The Journal of Modern African Studies 19, no. 2 (June 1981): 221-256. SUBJECTS: Class analysis, Migration, National

LESOTHO/Industry identity, Civil service. KEYWORDS: BNP (Basotho National Party); Jonathan, Joseph Leabua. 6839 Woodward, Calvin. "Not a complete solution: Assessing the long years of foreign aid to Lesotho." Africa Insight 12, no. 3 (1982): 167-179. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Development planning, Economic aid. KEYWORDS: donor agency; DAC (Development Assistance Committee); US-Lesotho relations. SEE ALSO 1901, 4103, 4116, 6522, 10989, 11213, 11344, 13565, 13574.

Health

6840 Central Bureau of Statistics. Lesotho Fertility Survey, 1977: First Report. 2 Vols. Lesotho: Central Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Planning and Statistics, 1981. 648 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Fertility, Population growth, Statistical analysis, Household analysis, Mortality rate, Family planning. KEYWORDS: WFS (World Fertility Survey). 6841 Israel, Ron, Joanne Nestor, Steve Wirtz, and Ellen Blumensteil, eds. Maternal and Infant Nutrition Reviews: Lesotho: A Guide to the Literature. Washington, DC: International Nutrition Communication Service, 1981. 41 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Nutrition, Health care policy, Literature review, Women's studies. 6842 Kanno, Nellie. "Lesotho: A case study of migration and health care delivery." In: African Migration and National Development, edited by Beverly Lindsay. University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1985. 113-125 pp. SUBJECTS: Health care policy, Health care system, Labor migration, Migration, Case study. 6843 Kukubo, Robert J. A Documented Population Policy for Lesotho: Laws and Regulations That Directly or Indirectly Impinge on Population Factors. Roma, Lesotho: National University of Lesotho, 1984. 25 pp. SUBJECTS: Population policy, Fertility, Marriage, Legal system, Family planning. 6844 Wellings, Paul. Modelling Access to a Basic Need: The Provision of Primary Health Care in Rural Lesotho. Durban, RS A: Development Studies Unit, University of Natal, 1983. 45 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Geographical analysis, Health care system, Health service, Basic needs. KEYWORDS: Maseru, Lesotho.

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Studies, 1988. 131-148 pp. SUBJECTS: Academic research, Household analysis, Village development, Rural poverty, Case study, Research methodology, Household economy. KEYWORDS: Basotho people. Contends that little concrete information is available regarding the everyday economic life of the individual Basotho. Summarizes the results of one study. Documents the contributions that grassroots research can make. 6847 Gay, Judith S. Household Income and Expenditure in Rural Lesotho: A Village-Level Case Study. Roma, Lesotho: National University of Lesotho, 1981. 89 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Household analysis, Rural development, Labor migration, Case study, Income distribution, Household economy, Village development. KEYWORDS: Ha Potsane village, Lesotho. 6848 James, Deborah. "Family and household in a Lebowa village." African Studies 44, no. 2 (1985): 159-187. tables. SUBJECTS: Household analysis, Household economy, Economic relations. KEYWORDS: female-headed households; Pedi people; Ndebele people; Lebowa homeland, RSA. 6849 Murray, Colin. Families Divided: The Impact of Migrant Labour in Lesotho. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1981.219 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Labor migration, Land tenure system, Class formation, Family, Marriage, Women's economic role. 6850 Poulter, Sebastian, William McClain, J. B. K. Kaburise, and J. Mugambwa. Law and Population Growth in Lesotho. Roma, Lesotho: Law and Population Project, National University of Lesotho, 1981.96 pp. SUBJECTS: Population growth, Legal system, Marriage, Fertility, Children. KEYWORDS: sex education; abortion. 6851 Sebatane, E. Molapi. The Family in Lesotho: Perspectives on Its Changing Life and Structure. Paris: UNESCO, 1984. 24 pp. SUBJECTS: Marriage, Traditional society, Labor migration, Education system, Children, Modernization. KEYWORDS: child care; bridewealth; Seminar on the Changing Family in the African Context 1983.

Human/Civil Rights

SEE ALSO 6537.

6852 Maope, Kelebone A. Internal Self-Determination in Lesotho: The New Parliament Act 1983. Roma, Lesotho: National University of Lesotho, 1984.19 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Self-determination, Political independence, Civil rights, Human rights. KEYWORDS: BNP (Basotho National Party); Bastoland Congress Party.

Household and Family

Industry

6845 Bam, Edna E. Child Rearing in Lesotho: Some Aspects of Child Rearing in the Teyateyaneng Area. Roma, Lesotho: National University of Lesotho, 1984. 77 pp. SUBJECTS: Children, Traditional society, Family. KEYWORDS: Teyateyaneng area, Lesotho; maternity; discipline methods; child care.

6853 Cobbe, James. "Changing nature of dependence: Economic problems in Lesotho." African Studies Association Papers 25, no. 19 (November 1982): 1-24. tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Construction industry, Labor migration, Unemployment, Economic dependency, Import policy, Mining, Primary education. KEYWORDS: transport; domestic workers.

6846 Gay, Judith. "Sources and allocations of household funds in rural Lesotho: Problems in grass-roots economic data collection." In: Southern Africa Research for Development, edited by Michael Malefetsane Sefali. Roma, Lesotho: Institute of Southern African

6854 Frolich, Alan. "Lesotho." In: Energy and Development in Southern Africa: SADCC Country Studies, volume one, edited by Phil O'Keefe and Barry Munslow. Stockholm, Sweden: Beijer Institute,

4 6 6 • L E S O T H O / I n du s try

Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 1984. 135-170 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Agricultural sector, Energy use, Urban population, Resource distribution, Energy industry. KEYWORDS: commercial fuels; traditional fuels; petroleum imports; electricity. 6855 Perry, J. W. B. "Lesotho." In: African Perspectives: An Exchange of Essays on the Economic Geography of Nine African States, edited by Harm J. de Blij, Esmond Martin, and Ali Memon. New York: Methuen, 1981. 227-264 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Energy industry, Agricultural sector, Export policy, Rural-urban migration, Industrial sector. KEYWORDS: economic geography; spatial analysis.

Labor

6856 Cobbe, James. Labour-Related Aspects of Rural Development in Lesotho. Maseru, Lesotho: Institute of Labour Studies, National University of Lesotho, 1982. 32 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Labor migration, Rural development, Employment. 6857 Cobbe, James. "The changing nature of dependence: Economic problems in Lesotho." The Journal of Modern African Studies 21, no. 2 (June 1983): 293-301. tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Construction industry, Labor migration, Unemployment, Import policy. KEYWORDS: transport; domestic workers. 6858 Cobbe, James. "The consequences for Lesotho of changing South African labour demand." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 85, no. 338 (January 1986): 23-48. tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Labor migration, Urbanization, Labor market, Employment, Mining, Land tenure system, Migration policy. KEYWORDS: RSA-Lesotho relations; Lesotho Liberation Army. Addresses changes in RSA-Lesotho labor relations since 1970. Discusses these changes and their causes, concluding that Lesotho has become, predominantly, a mining labor reserve more vulnerable than ever to fluctuations in the RSA's economy. 6859 Cobbe, James. "The consequences for Lesotho of changing South African labor demand." African Studies Association Papers 26, no. 31 (December 1983): 1-26. tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Migration policy, Mining, Employment, Labor migration, Land tenure system, Labor market, Urbanization. KEYWORDS: RSA-Lesotho relations; Lesotho Liberation Army. 6860 Cobbe, James H. "Economic aspects of Lesotho's relations with South Africa." The Journal of Modern African Studies 26, no. 1 (March 1988): 71-89. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: International economic relations, Secondary education, Social services, Labor union, Mining, Labor migration, Import policy. KEYWORDS: SACU (Southern African Customs Union); SADCC. Discusses trends in Lesotho's economy since its independence in 1966, including its massive expenditure on fanning and rural development projects. Contends that Lesotho's agriculture remains in decline because most of its labor force migrates to the RSA, and Lesotho is dependent on that employment for half of its GDP. 6861 Kukubo, R. J. A Study of Trade Union Movement in the Kingdom of Lesotho: Provision of Services to Members Including

Workers' Education. Roma, Lesotho: National University of Lesotho, 1989.129 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: trade union, Labor union, Working class, Education opportunity, Labor migration, Collective bargaining. KEYWORDS: Workers' Education Programmes; LCFTU (Lesotho Congress of Free Trade Unions). Presents a comprehensive study of the trade union movement in Lesotho, including its history, structure, administration, activities, and achievement in the areas of collective and noncollective bargaining. Assesses the impact of education programs for trade unions and reviews the strengths and weakness of the movement. 6862 Makoa, Francis K. The State and Industrial Relations in Lesotho: The Myth of Free Collective Bargaining. The Lesotho Union of Bank Employees and the New Economic Realities. Roma, Lesotho: National University of Lesotho, 1983.22 pp. SUBJECTS: Capitalism, Working class, Industrial relations, Labor policy, Collective bargaining, Commercial banking, Trade union. KEYWORDS: LUBE (Lesotho Union of Bank Employees). 6863 Ngakane, M. R. A General Survey of Employment Protection Laws in Lesotho. Maseru, Lesotho: Institute of Labour Studies, 1983. 32 pp. SUBJECTS: Employment, Wage policy, Trade union. KEYWORDS: maternity. 6864 Physical Planning Division, Lesotho Department of Lands. National Settlement Policy: Employment and Economy. Maseru, Lesotho: Department of Lands, 1989. 45 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Household economy, Employment, Population growth, Labor force. Examines Lesotho's household economy, population and labor force growth, and employment in order to assist in the design and implementation of a national settlement policy. Investigates employment by sector, occupation, and geographical distribution. 6865 Thabane, Motlatsi, and Jeff Guy. Unemployment and Casual Labour in Maseru: The Impact of Changing Employment Strategies on Migrant Labourers in Lesotho. Rondebosch, RSA: School of Economics, University of Cape Town, 1984. 25 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Unemployment, Labor migration, Mining, Working class, Employment opportunity. KEYWORDS: oral tradition; casual labor; Maseru, Lesotho. 6866 Wellings, Paul. Development by Invitation? South African Corporate Investment in Lesotho. Durban, RSA: University of Natal Development Studies Unit, 1984. 58 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Economic interdependence, Foreign investment, Employment, Labor union, Labor market. KEYWORDS: LNDC (Lesotho National Development Corporation); RSA-Lesotho relations; SADCC; PTA (Preferential Trade Area); BEDCO (Basotho Enterprises Development Corporation). SEE ALSO 11853.

Legal System

6867 Burman, S. B. "How Roman-Dutch law became the common law of Lesotho." Lesotho Law Journal 1, no. 1 (1985): 25-46. SUBJECTS: Traditional legal system, Colonialism, Legal development, Legislative action, Law. KEYWORDS: legal history; Roman-Dutch law. 6868 Maqutu, W. C. M., and A. J. G. M. Sanders. "The internal

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conflict of laws in Lesotho." The Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa 20, no. 3 (November 1987): 377-404. SUBJECTS: Traditional legal system, Marriage, Constitutional development, Law. KEYWORDS: dual legal system; Lesotho customary law. Examines the conflict between statutory and customary law in Lesotho and the dual system of legal standards and courts that exists. Outlines the decision-making process behind the question of which system should be used in various situations, specifically using marriage law as a case study.

tabilization. Examines the relationship between the RS A and Lesotho and the pressures applied by the RS A to destabilize Lesotho's leader, Jonathon Alford. Discusses international reactions to this external pressure.

6869 Sanders, A. J. G. M. "Legal Dualism in Lesotho, Botswana and Swaziland: A general survey." Lesotho Law Journal 1, no. 1 (1985): 47-67. tables. ALSO COVERS: Botswana, Swaziland. SUBJECTS: Legal system, Legal development, Traditional legal system. KEYWORDS: dual legal system; legal history.

6874 Hirschmann, David. "Early post-colonial bureaucracy as history: The case of the Lesotho central planning and development office, 1965-1975." The International Journal of African Historical Studies 20, no. 2 (1987): 455-470. SUBJECTS: Administration, Foreign aid, Development planning, National planning policy. Discusses the struggles of the planning agency during the early years of the newly independent nation. Assesses the bureaucracy's performance in an environment of national dependence and vulnerability. Notes the growing sense of freedom and confidence exhibited later by the organization.

6870 Seeiso, S. M., L. M. Kahono, M. N. Tsotsi, and T. E. Monaphathi. "The legal situation of women in Lesotho." In: The Legal Situation of Women in Southern Africa, edited by Julie Stewart and Alice Armstrong. Harare, Zimbabwe: University of Zimbabwe Publications, 1990. 47-74 pp. SUBJECTS: Legal system, Sex discrimination, Women's studies, Marriage, Traditional legal system, Employment. KEYWORDS: divorce. Examines the legal situation of women in Lesotho under both the traditional and the general legal systems. Identifies discriminatory laws and their detrimental effect on women. 6871 Seeiso, Seitebatso. Legal Constraints on Women in Development in Lesotho. Maseru, Lesotho: Institute of Labour Studies, National University of Lesotho, 1986. 19 pp. SUBJECTS: Traditional legal system, Legal system, Sex discrimination, Economic inequality. Addresses the ways that women in Lesotho are discriminated against under both the traditional customary law and the modem civil law, which both treat women as minors under the guardianship of a male member of the household and do not allow them to represent themselves in legal matters. SEE ALSO 2287, 13596.

Migration

6872 Wilkinson, R. C. Migration in Lesotho: A Study of Population Movement in a Labour Reserve Economy. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 1985. 402 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Statistical analysis, Migration pattern, Labor migration, Rural-urban migration. KEYWORDS: Maseru, Lesotho. SEE ALSO 4155, 12070.

Military Affairs

6873 Sejanamane, Mafa. "Lesotho in Southern Africa: From an assertive to a submissive foreign policy." Lesotho Law Journal 4, no. 2 (1988): 7-31. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Internal conflict, International conflict, Coup d'état, Political development, International relations, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: regional des-

Planning and Development

6875 Mc Auslan, Patrick. 'The Lesotho Highlands Water Project and environmental law: A case study in the light of 'Our Common Future.'" Lesotho Law Journal 3, no. 2 (1987): 41-65. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic planning, Development planning. KEYWORDS: environmental law; Lesotho Highlands Water Project; hydroelectric energy. Analyzes the treaty on the Lesotho Highlands Water Project between Lesotho and the RSA. Emphasizes the effects the treaty may have on environmental law, economic planning, and dealings with the RSA. 6876 Physical Planning Division, Lesotho Department of Lands. Maseru Development Plan: Infrastructure and Public Transport. Maseru, Lesotho: Department of Lands, 1989. 48 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Infrastructure, Transportation system, Mass communication, Water supply, Sanitation. KEYWORDS: telecommunications; Maseru, Lesotho; electricity. Notes the stresses on the Maseru infrastructure that were produced by its fast growth. Addresses problems with and improvements of roads, traffic and transportation, telecommunications, electricity, water, and sanitation in Maseru. Contains extensive, detailed maps of the city. 6877 van Tillburg, Peter. The Role of Local Institutions in District Development Planning: The Case of Thaba Tseka, Lesotho. Roma, Lesotho: National University of Lesotho, 1987. 64 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Local government, Development planning, Nongovernmental organization. KEYWORDS: Village Development Councils; Thaba-Tseka District, Lesotho. Examines the role of local institutions in Thaba Tseka. Analyzes the Village Development Councils and how best to use local institutions in planning development. Suggests that such institutions know the needs of their own areas and should thus be incorporated in planning. 6878 Wellings, Paul. A Case of Mistaken Identity: The Squatters of Lesotho. Durban, RSA: University of Natal, 1983. 36 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Squatter community, Housing policy, Urbanization, Rural-urban migration. KEYWORDS: periurban communities; Maseru, Lesotho. 6879 Wellings, Paul A. "The squatters of Lesotho: A case of mistaken identity." In: Slum and Squatter Settlements in Sub-Saharan Africa:

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Toward a Planning Strategy, edited by R. A. Obudho and Constance C. Mhlanga. New York: Praeger, 1988. 261-280 pp. SUBJECTS: Squatter community, Rural-urban migration, Urban development, Housing policy. KEYWORDS: Maseru, Lesotho; Mafeteng, Lesotho. Summarizes the findings of several recent unpublished surveys on conditions within Lesotho's townships and squatter settlements. Discusses urban administration and rural-urban migration. Reviews measures directed toward urban redevelopment, including administrative reorganization and low-cost housing projects.

Explores various models for decentralization of government in Lesotho, including the Thaba-Tseka model and the Urban Government Act of 1983. Assesses prospects for local development in Lesotho. 6885 Perry, J. A. G. "Land and politics in Lesotho." African Studies 42, no. 1 (1983): 57-66. SUBJECTS: Land reform, Land tenure system, Land distribution, Constitutional development, Political parties. KEYWORDS: RSA-Lesotho relations; Land Advisory Board.

SEE ALSO 4163, 4164.

Politics

6880 Ferguson, James. The Anti-Politics Machines: "Development," Depoliticization, and Bureaucratic Power in Lesotho. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1990. 320 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Decentralization, Government bureaucracy, Political analysis, Livestock production. KEYWORDS: Thaba-Tseka Project. Examines the ways that ideas about development are generated and put to use in a specific context, using Lesotho during the years 1975-1984 as a case study. 6881 Hirschmann, David. Administration of Planning in Lesotho: A History and Assessment. Manchester, UK: Department of Administrative Studies, University of Manchester, 1981. 92 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Government bureaucracy, National planning policy, Civil service. KEYWORDS: CPDO (Central Planning and Development Office). 6882 Machobane, L. B. B. J. Government and Change in Lesotho, 1800-1966: A Study of Political Institutions. London: Macmillan, 1990. 374 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Government analysis, Historical analysis, Political crisis, Constitutional development, Political development. KEYWORDS: political organizations; Basotho people; UK-Lesotho relations; National Council; Morena e Moholo. Studies the institutions of government in Lesotho from the year 1800 to 1966. Analyzes the character of these institutions and appraises, from a historical point of view, their competence in the precolonial era to 1966. 6883 Machobane, L. B. B. J. "Perceptions on the constitutional future for the Kingdom of Lesotho." The Journal of Commonwealth andComparative Politics 26, no. 2 (July 1988): 185-202. SUBJECTS: Traditional authority, Colonialism, Constitutional development, PanAfricanism. KEYWORDS: Jonathan, Joseph Leabua; Moshoeshoe II; Lekhanya, Justin. Examines Lesotho's attempts to establish a constitutional monarchy modeled after Britain's. Concludes that the poverty of the nation, the heavy exploitation and neglect by the Europeans, and being surrounded by the RSA made this very difficult. 6884 Mapetla, E. R. M., and S. W. Rembe. Decentralisation and Development in Lesotho. Roma, Lesotho: National University of Lesotho, 1989. 84 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Decentralization, Development policy, Centralization, Historical analysis, Traditional authority, Local government. KEYWORDS: Urban Government Act of 1983 (Lesotho); PARCD (Public Administration Research and Curriculum Development Project); CPDO (Central Planning and Development Office); Thaba-Tseka District, Lesotho. Examines the current system of local administration in Lesotho.

6886 Picard, Louis. "Local level politics in Lesotho: The limits of decentralization." Africanus 14, no. 1/2 (1984): 4-20. biblio. SUBJECTS: Decentralization, Administration, Local government, Political change, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: BASP (Basic Agricultural Services Project); BNP (Basotho National Party). 6887 Strom, Gabriele Winai. Migration and Development: Dependence on South Africa: A Study of Lesotho. Stockholm, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1986.171 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Labor migration, Political parties, Public administration, International economic relations, Capitalism, Transnational corporations, Economic dependency. KEYWORDS: BCP (Basutoland Congress Party); BNP (Basotho National Party). Developed from a dissertation banned in both Lesotho and the RSA. Analyzes the political conditions in the migrant labor state of Lesotho and the internal and international linkages of that state. Focuses on political parties, state institutions, and development policies from 1960 to 1975. 6888 Van de Geer, Roeland, and Malcolm Wallis. Government and Development in Rural Lesotho. Roma, Lesotho: National University of Lesotho, 1982. 159 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Local government, Local planning policy, Traditional political system, Rural development, Cooperatives. KEYWORDS: Village Development Committees; churches; farmers' organization. 6889 Van de Geer, Roeland, and Malcolm Wallis. Public Administration and Community Development: Lesotho's Experience. Roma, Lesotho: Institute of Southern African Studies, National University of Lesotho, 1984.24 pp. SUBJECTS: Public administration, Community development, Cooperatives, Rural development, Economic policy, Traditional authority. KEYWORDS: farmers' organization; popular participation; Ministry of Cooperatives and Rural Development; Village Development Committees. 6890 Wallis, M. A. H., and R. Van de Geer. "Public administration in Lesotho: An outline of research needs." In: Southern Africa Research for Development, edited by Michael Malefetsane Sefali. Roma, Lesotho: Institute of Southern African Studies, 1988. 181-192 pp. SUBJECTS: Academic research, Public administration, Local government, Rural development. KEYWORDS: DDC (District Development Committee); DA (District Administration). Summarizes research on Lesotho's system of public administration. Focuses on the administration of rural development in the districts but also comments on urban local and central government. 6891 Wellings, Paul. "Making a fast buck: Capital leakage and the public accounts of Lesotho." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 82, no. 329 (October 1983): 495-507. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Government bureaucracy, Corruption, Public administration. KEYWORDS: Tarr Report 1978; RSA-Lesotho relations. SEE ALSO 4166,4185,13634.

LESOTHO/Women and Gender • 4 6 9

Population

6892 Tabutin, Dominique, and Eric Vilquin. "Lesotho." In: L'Evaluation des effectifs de la population des pays africains, vol. 2, edited by Groupe de Démographie Africaine. Paris: Groupe de Démographie Africaine, 1984.179-187 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis. KEYWORDS: absentee population.

Regionalism/Nationalism

6893 Huisman, Henk, and Jan Sterkenburg. The Spatial Organization for Development in Lesotho. Roma, Lesotho: National University of Lesotho, 1981.33 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Regional development, Regional planning policy, Rural development, Geographical analysis. KEYWORDS: Lesotho Census of Agriculture 1960. SEE ALSO 13675.

Religion

SEE ALSO 13679.

Rural Development

6894 Green, Thuso J. Report on a Survey of Primary Producer Cooperatives, Village Development Councils, and Other Organizations for the Rural Enterprise Promotion Project of CARE International—Lesotho. Maseru, Lesotho: Sachaba Consultants, 1990. 67 pp. SUBJECTS: Cooperatives, Village development. KEYWORDS: CARE International. Examines the dynamics of both the primary producer cooperatives and their communities and assesses the potential as well as the capacity of both for participation in future development and economic intiatives undertaken by CARE.

Social Movement

national accounts. 6896 Bureau of Statistics. Incomes, Expenditures and Consumption of Basotho Households: Main Results from the Household Budget Survey 1986187. Maseru, Lesotho: Bureau of Statistics, 1988. 57 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Household analysis, Statistical analysis, Income distribution, Consumption pattern. KEYWORDS: Lesotho Household Budget Survey 1986/1987; Basotho people. Presents the results of a nationwide household budget survey covering the characteristics of households and individuals, the distribution of economic standards among households, the expenditure and consumption patterns of households, and the relationship between incomes and expenditures of households. 6897 Cobbe, J. H. "Priority economic research areas for development in Lesotho." In: Southern Africa Researchfor Development, edited by Michael Malefetsane Sefali. Roma, Lesotho: Institute of Southern African Studies, 1988. lll-124pp. tables. ALSO CO VERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Academic research, National development, Income distribution, Food policy, Poverty. KEYWORDS: RSA-Lesotho relations; income generation. Reviews the economic situation of Lesotho. Suggests areas for research, including income generation, the influence of the RSA on Lesotho, and food security. Argues that research priorities should place first the type of research that will most improve the material conditions of the poor. 6898 Cobbe, James H. "Educational system, wage and salary structures, and income distribution: Lesotho as a case study, circa 1975." The Journal of Developing Areas 17, no. 2 (January 1983): 227-242. tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Socioeconomic analysis, Education opportunity, Mining, Education policy, Labor market, Elite analysis, Income distribution. KEYWORDS: National University of Lesotho. 6899 Gay, John, David Hall, and Gerhard Dedorath. Poverty in Lesotho: A Mapping Exercise. Maseru, Lesotho: Government of Lesotho, 1990. 94 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Geographical analysis, Poverty, Statistical analysis, Household analysis. A compilation of statistical data showing the relative levels of wealth throughout the RSA. Tries to determine a national policy that will help eliminate the entrenched poverty that currently exists. Discusses Lesotho's potential to cooperate with neighboring countries.

Women and Gender

6900 Gordon, Elizabeth. "An analysis of the impact of labour migration on the lives of women in Lesotho." In: African Women in the Development Process, edited by Nici Nelson. London: Frank Cass, 1981,1981.59-76 pp. SUBJECTS: Labor migration, Gender relations, Women and development, Household analysis, Case study.

SEE ALSO 12555.

Socioeconomic Analysis

6895 Africa, L. O. Income Distribution in Lesotho. Maseru, Lesotho: Institute of Labour Studies, 1982. 30 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Income distribution, Household analysis, Statistical analysis. KEYWORDS:

6901 Maloba, Makhoba. "Education of women for national development: An integrated approach." In: The Role of Women in the Process of Development: Implications for Training, edited by Gerard M. Ssenkoloto. Douala, Cameroon: Pan African Institute for Development, 1983. 137-149 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Education reform, Women's studies, Labor migration, Women and development. KEYWORDS: rural education; curriculum. 6902 Nkabinde, T., E.R.M. Mapetla, and M.M. Moshoeshoe, eds. Women in Lesotho: An Annotated Bibliography. Roma, Lesotho:

4 7 0 • LESOTHO/Women and Gender Women's Research Collective, 1989. 77 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Children, Women and development, Women's studies. Identifies the quantity and nature of available research on Basotho women. Provides data and analysis for informing and improving the policies and laws related to women in Lesotho. Includes a review of existing data sources and analysis for undertaking research efforts.

6903 Unge, Gunnel. "The untapped resource." In: The Peripheral Centre: Swedish Assistance to Africa in Relation to Women, edited by Karin Himmelstrand and Noella Bickham. Stockholm, Sweden: SIDA, 1985. 102-113 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Women and development, Women's economic role, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: SIDA (Swedish International Development Authority). SEE ALSO 3618,4202.

LIBERIA Agriculture

6904 Ames, Glenn C. W., and Paul A. Wojtkowski. "Feast or famine: Projections of food supply, demand, and human nutrition for five African countries." Journal of African Studies 14, no. 4 (1987/88): 207-212. tables. ALSO COVERS: Cote d'lvoire, Kenya. SUBJECTS: Famine, Food production, Nutrition, Agricultural production, Food scarcity, Drought, Agricultural policy. KEYWORDS: FAO; climate. Argues that drought, marginal farming systems, political conflict, and inefficient food distribution have greatly reduced harvests throughout Africa Examines recent trends in food production, consumption, and nutrition in Tanzania, Zambia, Liberia, Còte d'lvoire, and Kenya. 6905 Monke, Eric A. "Rice policy in Liberia." In: Rice in West Africa: Policy and Economics, edited by Scott R. Pearson et al. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1981. 109-140 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Income distribution, Agricultural policy, Agricultural production, Price policy, Trade policy. KEYWORDS: rice; economic geography. 6906 Toe, J. Chris, and J. Boima Rogers. "The case of Liberia." In: Agricultural Market Intervention and Pricing Policies in Africa, edited by FAO. Rome, Italy: FAO, 1989. 49-84 pp. tables. SUBJECTS : Agricultural production, Agricultural marketing, State-owned enterprise. KEYWORDS: rice. Describes the major agencies involved in agricultural marketing and identifies details of their objectives and functions. Enumerates parastatals and describes their activities, emphasizing production and marketing activities. SEE ALSO 4371, 5729,14954,14955,14968.

Colonialism

6907 Gershoni, Yakutiel. "Liberia's unification policy and decolonization in Africa: A parallel process." Asian and African Studies: Journal of the Israel Oriental Society 16, no. 2 (July 1982): 239-260. SUBJECTS: Political independence, Colonialism, Segregation, Racial policy, Decolonization. KEYWORDS: US-Liberia relations; Tubman, William V. S.

Economics

6908 Dziobek, Claudia. "The IMF and Liberia: Adjusting to the crisis." In: Liberia: Underdevelopment and Political Rule in a

Peripheral Society, edited by Robert Kappel, Werner Korte, and R. Friedegund Mascher. Hamburg, West Germany: Institut fur AfrikaKunde, 1986. 204-224 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic crisis, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: IMF; Liberia Open Door Policy. Discusses how economic crises in Liberia were kept under control during the 1980s and how IMF policies successfully limited public expenditure, raised revenues, and stabilized the external debts. States that newer measures imposed by the IMF do not seem to be as effective, mostly because they are not placed in the context of the larger issue of economic development. 6909 Hildebrand, John. "Liberia's use of U.S. currency: An aid to development." African Studies Association Papers 24, no. 47/69 (1981): 71-94a. SUBJECTS: Banking policy, Monetary policy, Economic development. KEYWORDS: US-Liberia relations. 6910 Monke, Eric. A. "The economics of rice in Liberia." In: Rice in West Africa: Policy and Economics, edited by Scott R. Pearson. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1981. 141-172 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Price policy, Agricultural production, Commodity production, Price policy. KEYWORDS: rice; factor markets; government incentives. 6911 Regional and Country Studies Branch, UNIDO. The Agrobased Industries in Liberia: Key Characteristics and Rehabilitation Issues. Geneva, Switzerland: UNIDO, 1989. 77 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Economic policy, Manufacturing sector. KEYWORDS: agroindustry; UNIDO (UN Industrial Development Organization). Presents the highlights of UNIDO's survey of the industrial rehabilitation needs of Liberia's agrobased industry. Describes the economic and policy environment for industrial rehabilitation, as well as Liberia's agrorelated industries and branches. Provides general observations and recommendations regarding government policy and companies. 6912 Saha, Santosh C. A History of Agriculture in Liberia, 18221907: Transference ofAmerican Values. Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellen, 1990.128 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural sector, Economic history, Economic analysis, Traditional society, Natural resource management. KEYWORDS: rice. Examines the introduction of a "formal" agriculture by AmericoLiberians. Reviews the positive features of indigenous agricultural systems. 6913 Tan Wai, U. "An evaluation of the currency systems of Liberia and Panama." Savings and Development 11, no. 3 (1987): 225-247. tables. SUBJECTS: Monetary policy, Foreign exchange, International relations. KEYWORDS: US-Liberia relations. Analyzes the Liberian currency system, based on the US dollar, in which the local authorities have no role in determining the money supply. Considers the relationship between its economic performance and the currency system. Concludes that a foreign currency system affects output and employment.

LIBERIA/G e n e r a ! • 4 7 1 6914 van der Kraaij, F. P. M. The Open Door Policy of Liberia : An Economic History of Modern Liberia. Bremen, West Germany: Bremer Afrika-Archiv, 1983. 460 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Historical analysis, Export market, Transnational corporations, Technology transfer, Economic analysis, Cash crop production. KEYWORDS: Firestone Plantations Company; Liberia Mining Company; National Iron Ore Company; Liberia Open Door Policy. SEE ALSO 578, 13146, 15013.

Education

6915 Spivey, Donald. Politics of Miseducation: The Booker Washington Institute of Liberia: 1929-1984. Lexington, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky, 1986. 177 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Technical training, Education policy. KEYWORDS: Washington, Booker T.; Firestone Company. Discusses industrial schooling, a concept that emerged during the latter half of the nineteenth century as an attempt to emphasize subservience and obedience. Examines how the Booker Washington Institute in Liberia was used by colonial and industrial powers to benefit their own interests. SEE ALSO 945.

Foreign Relations

6916 Botchie, George. Employment and Multinational Enterprises in Export Processing Zones: The Cases of Liberia and Ghana. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1984.74 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Ghana. SUBJECTS: Transnational corporations, Industrial sector, Foreign investment. KEYWORDS: export processing; VALCO (Volta Aluminum Company); Monrovia, Liberia; Tema, Ghana; LIFZA (Liberian Industrial Free Zone Authority). 6917 Carlsson, Jerker. "Granges and the undermining of Liberia: A critique of a joint venture arrangement." Review of African Political Economy 23 (January/April 1982): 72-84. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Public investment, Neocolonialism, Taxation policy, Mining, Foreign investment, Transnational corporations. KEYWORDS: Sweden-Liberia relations; means of production; surplus distribution. 6918 Carlsson, Jerker. The Limits to Structural Change: A Comparative Study of Foreign Direct Investments in Liberia and Ghana 19501971. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1981. 299 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Ghana. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic development, Foreign investment, Manufacturing sector, Agricultural policy, Commercial agriculture, Mining. KEYWORDS: African socialism. 6919 Chaudhuri, J. Pal. "Liberia under military rule (1980-1985)." In: Liberia: Underdevelopment and Political Rule in a Peripheral Society, edited by Robert Kappel, Werner Korte, and R. Friedegund Mascher. Hamburg, West Germany: Institut fur Afrika-Kunde, 1986. 47-68 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Coup d'état, Political violence, Foreign policy, Democratization. KEYWORDS: Tolbert, William R.; Doe, Samuel Kanyon; True Whig Party; PRC (People's Redemption Council). Discusses the ascent to power of Samuel Doe and the resulting repression by the military. States that the reaction of neighboring

African countries was for the most part negative. Concludes that due to increasing incompetence and political corruption, Doe has begun to sabotage movements toward free and fair elections. 6920 Dunn, D. Elwood. "1975 Vorster visit to Liberia: Implications for free Africa's relations with Pretoria." African Studies Association Papers 25, no. 25 (November 1982): 1-27. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Apartheid. KEYWORDS: OAU; Frontline states; unilateralism; NAM (Nonaligned Movement). 6921 Fahnbulleh, H. Boima, Jr. The Diplomacy of Prejudice: Liberia in International Politics, 1945-1970. New York: Vantage, 1985. 234 pp. biblio, other docs. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, Economic aid, Political ideology, Diplomatic relations, International politics, Superpower politics, Communism. KEYWORDS: Tubman, William V. S.; Nkrumah, Kwame. 6922 Guannu, Joseph Saye. Introduction to Liberian Government: The First Republic and the People's Redemption Council. Smithtown, New York: Exposition, 1982.109 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: International economic relations, Political system, Local government, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: Liberia First Republic 1848-1980; True Whig Party; OAU; PRC (People's Redemption Council). 6923 Holloway, Joseph E. Liberian Diplomacy in Africa: A Study of Inter-African Relations. Washington, DC: University Press of America, 1981. 230 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: International relations, Diplomatic relations, Foreign policy, Coup d'état. KEYWORDS: US-Liberia relations; Firestone Tire and Rubber Company; AllAfrican People's Conference 1958; Tolbert, William R.; Doe, Samuel Kanyon. 6924 Iyanda, Olukunle. Multinationals and Employment in a West African Sub-Region: Liberia and Sierra Leone. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1984. 49 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Sierra Leone. SUBJECTS: Transnational corporations, Foreign investment, Investment policy, Agricultural sector, Mining, Manufacturing sector, Employment. KEYWORDS: direct investment. SEE ALSO 1167, 1387, 1426, 15043.

General

6925 Akpan, Monday B. African Resistance in Liberia: The Vai and the Gola-Bandi. Bremen, Germany: Liberia Working Group, 1988.68 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Resistance movement, Intervention policy, Political reform, Taxation policy. KEYWORDS: Gola people; Vai people; Bandi people; Kanga organization; Hut Tax Resistance 1905. Discusses the imposition of Liberian government authority on the Liberian hinterland between 1905 and 1919. Outlines the principal features of the native administration through which government authority was exercised and examines Gola, Vai, and Bandi resistance to that authority. 6926 Anyang'Nyong'o, Peter. "Popular alliances and the state in Liberia, 1980-85." In: Popular Struggles for Democracy in Africa, edited by Peter Anyang Nyong'o. Tokyo, Japan: Zed, 1987. 209-247 pp. SUBJECTS: Coup d'état, Bourgeoisie. KEYWORDS: Doe, Samuel Kanyon; MOJA (Movement for Justice in Africa); PPP (Progressive People's Party); counterrevolution. Examines how the interests of both the domestic and international bourgeoisies interact, retarding the advancement of the bourgeois

472 • LIBERI A/General republic in Africa in order to deny the creation of conditions in which the interests of the masses would be better served. Concludes that the Doe government staged a counterrevolution. 6927 Binnendijk, Annette L. "Economic and financial evaluation of Liberia's Lofa Agricultural Development Project." Rural Africana no. 22 (Spring 1985): 25-62. tables. SUBJECTS: Natural resource management, Rural development, Agricultural policy. KEYWORDS: Lofa County Agricultural Development Project. 6928 Brown, David. "On the category 'civilised' in Liberia and elsewhere." The Journal of Modern African Studies 20, no. 2 (June 1982): 287-303. SUBJECTS: Neocolonialism, Ideological conflict. 6929 Brown, David. "Politics as ritual: Rules as resources in the politics of the Liberian hinterland." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 81, no. 325 (October 1982): 479-497. SUBJECTS: Intervention policy, Political power, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: Tubman, William V. S.; Kwiahblo Council; USLiberia relations.

and Robert W. Roundy. Area Development in Liberia: Toward Integration and Participation. Washington, DC: USAID, 1984.111 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Project design, Rural development, Social change, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: Bong Agricultural Development Project; Lofa County Agricultural Development Project; USAID; coffee; cocoa. 6938 Harbeson, John W. "Integrated agricultural development and agricultural policy in Liberia." Rural Africana no. 22 (Spring 1985): 3-24. tables. SUBJECTS: Development policy, Integrated rural development, Agricultural policy. KEYWORDS: Lofa County Agricultural Development Project. 6939 Harris, Katherine. "Historical roots of the 1980 coup d'état in Liberia: A critical analysis." African Studies Association Papers 25, no. 39 (November 1982): 1-24. SUBJECTS: Coup d'état, Unemployment, Import policy, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: MOJA (Movement for Justice in Africa); PPP (Progressive People's Party); PAL (Progressive Alliance of Liberia).

6930 Carlisle, Rodney. "Liberia's flag of convenience: Rough water ahead." Orbis 24, no. 4 (Winter 1981): 881-891. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic relations, Law, Trade relations. KEYWORDS: UNCTAD; Liberia Open Door Policy.

6940 Hasselman, Karl-Heinz. "Liberia." In: African Perspectives: An Exchange of Essays on the Economic Geography of Nine African States, edited by Harm J. de Blij, Esmond Martin, and Ali Memon. New York: Methuen, 1981. 137-172 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Industrial sector, Export policy. KEYWORDS: spatial analysis; economic geography; minerals.

6931 Clapham, Christopher. "Liberia." In: Contemporary West African States, edited by Donal B. Cruise O'Brien, John Dunn, and Richard Rathbone. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1989. 99-111 pp. SUBJECTS: Political history, Coup d'état. KEYWORDS: PRC (People's Redemption Council); Doe, Samuel Kanyon. Addresses the Liberian experience as a revealing illustration of both the limitations and capabilities of the West African state. Surveys events in Liberia beginning in 1971 through the 1985 elections.

6941 Holsoe, Svend E. "The Upper Lofa County Agricultural DevelopmentProject: Its effects on social change." Rural Africana no. 22 (Spring 1985): 73-80. SUBJECTS: Social change, Population density, Labor force, Land tenure system, Household economy. KEYWORDS: Lofa County Agricultural Development Project; swamp rice.

6932 Dunn, D. Elwood, and Svend E. Holsoe. Historical Dictionary of Liberia. Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow, 1985. 274 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Political history. 6933 Fair, Denis. "West Africa—the mineral ports of Liberia, Guinea and Mauritania." Africa Insight 20, no. 1 (1990): 50-55. maps. ALSO COVERS: Guinea, Mauritania. SUBJECTS: Transportation system, Mining. KEYWORDS: water transportation; ports; Monrovia, Liberia; Conakry, Guinea; Nouakchott, Mauritania. Last in a series about African ports and harbors. Describes three countries heavily dependent on mineral exports and the harbors developed to support exporting. Describes Monrovia, Buchanan, Greenville, and Harper in Liberia; Conakry and Kamsar in Guinea; and Nouadhibou and Nouakchott in Mauritania. 6934 Field, Karen L. "Artists in Liberia and the United States: A comparative view." The Journal of Modern African Studies 20, no. 4 (December 1982): 713-730. tables. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Economic system. KEYWORDS: Gola people; political art; comparative analysis. 6935 Fussey, Edouard. "Monrovia, la libérienne ou l'émergence d'une nation." Afrique contemporaine 116 (July/August 1981): 1-6. SUBJECTS: Coup d'état, Colonialism, Leadership analysis. KEYWORDS: American Colonization Society; Tubman, William V. S.; Doe, Samuel Kanyon; PPP (People's Progressive Party). 6936 Gray, Beverly Ann, and Angel Batiste. Liberia during the Tolbert Era: A Guide. Washington, DC: Library of Congress, 1983. 79 pp. biblio, maps. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Political system, Economic system. KEYWORDS: Tolbert, William R. 6937 Harbeson, John W., Annette L. Binnendijk, Svend E. Holsoe,

6942 Jobs and Skills Programme for Africa. Rural-Urban Gap and Income Distribution: The Case of Liberia. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: International Labour Office, 1982.92 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Income distribution, Rural-urban relations, Smallholder agriculture, Household analysis, Employment. KEYWORDS: Monrovia Labour Force Survey 1974. 6943 Kappel, Robert, Werner Korte, and R. Friedegund Mascher, eds. Liberia: Underdevelopment and Political Rule in a Peripheral Society. Hamburg, West Germany: Institut fur Afrika-Kunde, 1986. 292 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign investment, Political violence, Military government, Economic development policy. KEYWORDS: IMF; US-Liberia relations; Doe, Samuel Kanyon; Putu Development Corporation; People's Redemption Council. A series of essays in both English and German pertaining to the political climate in Liberia. Assesses Doe's People's Redemption Council and Liberia under military rule. Explores rural development and the relationship between farmers and the state with regard to the Putu Development Corporation. 6944 Kieh, George Klay, Jr. "Causes of Liberia's coup." TransAfrica Forum 6, no. 1 (Winter 1989): 37-47. SUBJECTS: Coup d'état, Political analysis, Economic history. KEYWORDS: Liberia coup d'état 1980. Analyzes the causes of the coup d'état of 1980 by examining the history of corruption and inequality in Liberia. Discusses the early struggles to achieve democratic reform that were suppressed and suggests that that suppression of reform produced the coup of 1980. 6945 Lawyers Committee for Human Rights. Liberia: Worker Rights Violations: GSP Petition before the U.S. Trade Representative. New York: Lawyers Committee for Human Rights, 1989. 44 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Labor force, Human rights, Trade relations.

LIBERI A / P l a n n i n g a n d D e v e l o p m e n t • 4 7 3 KEYWORDS: Generalized System of Preferences; USTR (US Trade Representative). Documents violations of recognized workers' rights by the Liberian government. Recommends suspension of Liberia's generalized system of preferences trade benefits. Details the events of these violations of labor rights, including the rights to association, organization, and collective bargaining.

Industry

6946 Massing, Michael. Best Friends: Violations of Human Rights in Liberia, America's Closest Ally in Africa. New York: Fund for Free Expression, May 1986. 54 pp. SUBJECTS: Government analysis, Coup d'état, Human rights. KEYWORDS: Doe, Samuel Kanyon; Liberian People's Party; Doe, Jackson; United People's Party; USLiberia relations. Discusses human rights violations based on the results of two visits to Liberia undertaken by journalist Michael Massing between 1985 and 1986. Consists of interviews ranging from ones with government officials to ones with US diplomats.

Labor

6947 Schmidt, Gerold. "The new constitutional developments in the Republic of Liberia." Verfassung und Recht in Ubersee/Law and Politics in Africa, Asia and Latin America 14, no. 3 (1981): 243-268. SUBJECTS: Decolonization, Constitutional development, Military government, Civil rights, Coup d'état. KEYWORDS: American Colonization Society; martial law. 6948 Smith, James Wesley. Sojourners in Search of Freedom: The Settlement of Liberia by Black Americans. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1987. 228 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Colonialism, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: Sherbro Island, Sierra Leone; American Colonization Society; Coker, Daniel; US-Liberia relations; political thought. Traces the movement of the first Black American émigrés to Liberia. Emphasizes the differences between Black Americans and the indigenous people, as well as conflict between the two groups. 6949 Tegou, Jacques. "Le Libéria de M. Samuel K. Doe." Afrique contemporaine 132 (October/December 1984): 23-28. SUBJECTS: Biography, Leadership analysis, Economic planning. KEYWORDS: Doe, Samuel Kanyon. 6950 van der Kraaij, Fred. "Open door policy: Past, present and perspectives of the Liberian concept of foreign investment." In: Liberia: Underdevelopment and Political Rule in a Peripheral Society, edited by Robert Kappel, Werner Korte, and R. Friedegund Mascher. Hamburg, West Germany: Institut fur Afrika-Kunde, 1986. 151-190 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign trade, Agricultural production, Mining, Technology transfer. KEYWORDS: Firestone Tire and Rubber Company; Tubman, William V. S.; Liberia Open Door Policy. Examines the perspectives of the Liberian concept of foreign investment from the historical point of view. Outlines the main characteriestics of the so-called Open Door Policy of Liberia. Presents the results of this policy, notably its impact on Liberia's economy, public finance, and internal politics. SEE ALSO 1765, 15146.

SEE ALSO 2197'.

6952 EC A. Manpower and Employment Planning Institutions, Their Staffing Arrangements and Policies in Liberia: An Overview. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: ECA, 1985.16 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Labor force, Employment, Human resources development. KEYWORDS: UN; ECA.

Media and Culture

6953 Boikaii in, Jerome Zack. "Media system of Liberia." In: Mass Communication, Culture and Society in West Africa, edited by Frank Okwu Ugboajah. Oxford, UK: Hans Zell, 1985. 36-43 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Mass media, Mass communication, Nation-building, Censorship. KEYWORDS: journalism; radio; television; print media. SEE ALSO 9459.

Military Affairs

6954 Berkeley, Bill. Liberia: A Promise Betrayed—a Report on Human Rights. New York: Lawyers Committee for Human Rights, 1986.176 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Military intervention, Human rights, Political repression, Military intervention. KEYWORDS: Lawyers Committee; Doe, Samuel Kanyon; US-Liberia relations. Focuses on the continuous political repression, excessive use of military force, and human rights violations in Liberia. 6955 Sesay, A. "Le coup d'état du Liberia." Politique africaine 2, no. 7 ( S e p t e m b e r 1982): 9 1 - 1 0 6 . S U B J E C T S : Coup d ' é t a t . KEYWORDS: ECOWAS; OAU. 6956 Williams, Christopher. "End of an epoch: The Tolbert, Doe transition in Liberia." TransAfrica Forum 5, no. 5 (Winter 1988): 27-38. SUBJECTS: Coup d'état, Internal conflict. KEYWORDS: Doe, Samuel Kanyon; Tolbert, William R. Reviews the history of settlement and the various governments in Liberia. SEE ALSO 2531,2533.

Health Planning and Development 6951 Gyepi-Garbrah, Benjamin. Adolescent Fertility in Liberia. Boston, Massachusetts: Pathfinder Fund, 1985. 55 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Health care policy, Public health, Fertility, Population policy. KEYWORDS: adolescent fertility.

6957 Lacey, Linda. "Squatter settlement in Liberia: Towards the integration of housing and population policies." African Urban

4 7 4 • LIBERI A / P l a n n i n g a n d D e v e l o p m e n t Quarterly 3, no. 3/4 (August/November 1988): 219-229. tables. SUBJECTS: Urban growth, Population growth, Housing policy, Family p l a n n i n g , Squatter c o m m u n i t y , Socioeconomic analysis. KEYWORDS: Monrovia, Liberia. Examines the relationship between population growth and the growth of squatter settlements in Monrovia, Liberia. Looks at the government's response to this problem and indicates the potential roles for housing providers and related services in implementing integrated population and development policies. 6958 Lacey, Linda, and Steven E. Owusu. "Squatter settlements in Monrovia, Liberia: The evolution of housing policies." In: Slum and Squatter Settlements in Sub-Saharan Africa: Toward a Planning Strategy, edited by R. A. Obudho and Constance C. Mhlanga. New York: Praeger, 1988. 43-52 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Population growth, Housing policy, Urban population, Poverty, Squatter community. KEYWORDS: Liberia National Housing Authority; Monrovia, Liberia. Examines population and housing issues in Monrovia and discusses the government's response to the city's housing problems. Describes the evolution of current housing strategies. Analyzes future urban-based strategies and the national efforts aimed at improving the residential circumstances of the urban poor in Monrovia.

Politics

6959 Asibey, Andrew Osei. "Liberia: Political economy of underdevelopment and military 'revolution continuity or change?'" Revue canadienne d'études de développement/Canadian Journal of Development Studies 2, no. 2 (1981): 386-407. tables. SUBJECTS: Political parties, Revolutionary movement, Marxist analysis, Ruling class, Coup d ' é t a t , U n d e r d e v e l o p m e n t , Foreign capital. KEYWORDS: Liberia Open Door Policy. 6960 Boley, G. E. Saigbe. Liberia: The Rise and Fall of the First Republic. London: Macmillan Education, 1983. 225 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Political instability, Corruption. KEYWORDS: True Whig Party; Tolbert, William R.; PPP (Progressive People's Party); Liberia First Republic 1848-1980. 6961 Dunn, Elwood, and S. Byron Tarr. Liberia: A National Polity in Transition. Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow, 1988.259 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Historical analysis, Political parties, State politics, Coup d'état. KEYWORDS: Tubman, William V. S.; Tolbert, William R.; MO JA (Movement for Justice in Africa); PAL (Progressive Alliance of Liberia). Surveys the historical origins of the Liberian people and modern Liberian society; military rule; the Liberian economy; Liberia's foreign relations; and the view of Liberia as a "Black colonial state." 6962 Liebenow, J. Gus. Liberia: The Quest for Democracy. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University, 1987.336 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Guinea. SUBJECTS: One-party system, Ethnicity, Ethnic politics, Foreign policy, Coup d'état. KEYWORDS: Tubman, William V. S.; PRC (People's Redemption Council); American Colonization Society; True Whig Party. Looks at Liberia's efforts to pursue democracy and development, with a comparative analysis made between Liberia and its African neighbors. 6963 Mbome, François. "Légitimité du pouvoir et scène politique en Afrique noire contemporaine: leçons du coup d'état du 12 avril 1980."

Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 192/193 (1982): 27-47. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Political stability, Political power, Coup d'état. KEYWORDS: Doe, Samuel Kanyon. 6964 Ngongo, Peter Anyong. "Soldiers and counter-revolution in Liberia." Journal of African Marxists no. 3 (January 1983): 64-77. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Personalized leadership, Corruption, Military government. KEYWORDS: PRC (People's Redemption Council); Doe, Samuel Kanyon. 6965 Sawyer, Amos. Effective Immediately, Dictatorship in Liberia, 1980-1986: A Personal Perspective. Bremen, West Germany: Liberia Working Group, 1987. 41 pp. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Military government, Political repression, Elections, Coup d'état. KEYWORDS: MOJA (Movement for Justice in Africa); PPT (Progressive People's Party); Liberia Special Elections Commission; Doe, Samuel Kanyon. Discusses the repression and arbitrary rule surrounding the postmilitary period in Liberia, which make it indistinguishable from the period of military rule. Maintains that human rights and basic freedoms continue to be curtailed. Assesses the militarization of the Liberian government from 1980 to 1986. 6966 Sevareid, Peter. "Confusion and palaver: Dispute settlement in Nimba County, Liberia." African Studies Association Papers 24, no. 119 (October 1981): 1-18. SUBJECTS: Centralized authority, Political power, Traditional authority, Legal system. KEYWORDS: Nimba County, Liberia; Sanniquellie, Liberia. 6967 Tubman, Winston B. "Pluralism, constitutionalism, and law in Africa: A Liberian view." In: Democracy and Pluralism in Africa, edited by Dov Ronen. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1986. 109-117 pp. SUBJECTS: Traditional political system, Constitutional development, Ethnicity, Traditional political system, Corruption. KEYWORDS: National Constitution Commission; pluralism. Argues that the growth of a pluralistic society is a positive advance in nation-building, which can be fostered within the framework of law and constitutionalism, utilizing Liberia as a case study. 6968 Wonkeryor, Edward Lama. Liberia Military Dictatorship: A Fiasco 'Revolution.' Chicago,Illinois: Stragglers' Community, 1985. 252 pp. other docs. ALSO COVERS: Côte d'Ivoire. SUBJECTS: Corruption, Military government, Coup d'état, Political parties. KEYWORDS: Tolbert, William R.; PRC (People's Redemption Council); Doe, Samuel Kanyon; Quiwonkpa, Thomas Gunkama. SEE ALSO 2682, 4274, 5983, 9623, 15663.

Population

6969 Campbell, Paul R. Liberia. Washington, DC: US Department of Commerce Bureau of the Census, 1982.50 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis. 6970 Massalee, Abel Z. "Liberia." In: L'Evaluation des effectifs de la population des pays africains, vol. 1, edited by Groupe Démographie Africain. Paris: Groupe Démographie Africain, 1982. 109-120 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Population growth, Migration, Population distribution. KEYWORDS: census.

LIBYA/Agriculture

Regionalism/Nationalism

Kakata, Liberia; Bucchanan, Liberia.

6971 Robson, Peter. "Mano River Union." The Journal of Modern African Studies 20, no. 4 (December 1982): 613-628. tables. ALSO COVERS: Sierra Leone, Guinea. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic integration, Trade relations, Economic cooperation. KEYWORDS: MRU (Mano River Union).

Women and Gender

6972 Sesay, Amadu. "Conflict and collaboration: Liberia and her West African neighbors 1957-80." Nigerian Journal of Political Science 3, no. 1 (December 1984): 73-95. tables. ALSO COVERS: Guinea, Ghana. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, Regional cooperation, Regional development, Political economy studies, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: Americo-Liberian people; Tubman, William V. S.; Tolbert, William R.; free trade zone; Liberia-West Africa relations. 6973 Sesay, Amadu. "The Mano River Union: Politics of survival or dependence?" In: The Future of Regionalism in Africa, edited by Ralph I. Onwuka and Amadu Sesay. London: Macmillan, 1985. 125-148 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Sierra Leone, Guinea. SUBJECTS: Economic integration, Regionalism, Trade union, Regional development, Economic interdependence. KEYWORDS: MRU (Mano River Union).

Rural Development

6974 Honadle, George H. "Myths that guide us: A comment on integrated rural development in Liberia and elsewhere." Rural Africana no. 22 (Spring 1985): 81-86. SUBJECTS: Integrated rural development, Entrepreneurship, Rural planning policy.

Urban Development

6975 Marguerat, Y. "Harbel, Yekepa, Kakata, Bucchanan et les autres." Politique africaine no. 17 (March 1985): 121-134. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Urban development, Urban planning policy. KEYWORDS: urban history; Harbel, Liberia; Yekepa, Liberia;

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6976 Kollehlon, Konia. "Women's work role and fertility inLiberia." Africa: Journal of the International African Institute/Revue de l'Institut Africain International 54, no. 4 (1984): 31-45. tables. SUBJECTS: Sex role, Fertility, Family planning, Women's economic role. 6977 Mikell, Gwendolyn. "African women within nations in crisis." TransAfrica Forum 2, no. 1 (Summer 1983): 21-33. ALSO COVERS: Ghana. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Women's studies, Economic planning, Agricultural development, Agricultural policy, Sex role, National development. 6978 Moran, Mary H. Civilized Women: Gender and Prestige in Southeastern Liberia. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1990.189 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Women's economic role, Household economy, Anthropological analysis, Education opportunity, Marketing, Employment. KEYWORDS: Glebo people; Harper, Liberia; Cape Palmas, Liberia; Gbenelu, Liberia; Wuduke, Liberia. Conceptualizes the status difference between men and women in Liberia. Addresses the intersection of cultural constructions of gender with other systems of ranking given the castelike division of Liberian society. Analyzes the social and economic conditions for women, especially in trade. 6979 Moran, Mary H. "Women and 'civilization': The intersection of gender and prestige in Southeastern Liberia." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 22, no. 3 (1988): 491-501. biblio. SUBJECTS: Division of labor, Gender relations, Sex discrimination, Women's studies. KEYWORDS: Grebo people. Analyzes the cultural construction of sex roles and societal status among the Liberian Grebo. Discusses the Liberian notion of civilized status and notes important différences between male and female retention of that classification, whereby "civilized" women are more dependent on men than are other women according to the "native" ideal. 6980 Saha, S. C. "Roles and statuses of women in a traditional African setting: A study of women in Liberia." Africa Quarterly 22, no. 1 (1982): 25-33. SUBJECTS: Sex discrimination, Women's rights, Women's economic role, Literacy. KEYWORDS: female inheritance; polygyny.

LIBYA Agriculture

6981 Allan, J. A. "Capital has not substituted for water in agriculture." In: Libya Since Independence, edited by J. A. Alan. New York: St. Martin's, 1982. 25-36 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Water supply, Cash crop production. KEYWORDS: groundwater resources. 6982 Atkinson, Ken. "Libya's soil resources and their potential for

sustained agricultural production." In: The Economic Development of Libya, edited by Bichara Khader and Bashir el-Wifati. London: Croom Helm, 1986. 134-156 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Agricultural research. KEYWORDS: Jafara Plain, Libya; Green River Project. Reviews soil and water systems with special reference to the Jafara Plain. Provides a survey of ecological zones within the country. 6983 Benzabih, Hosney A. "Developing trends of farm/rangeland resources in the eastern zone of Libya." In: Planning and Development in Modern Libya, edited by M. M. Burn, S. M. Ghanem, and K. S.

4 7 6 • LIB Y A / A g r i c u l t u r e McLachlan. Cambridgeshire, UK: Middle East and North African Studies, 1985.130-137 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, S m a l l h o l d e r agriculture, A g r i c u l t u r a l p r o d u c t i o n . KEYWORDS: Benghazi, Libya; National Agricultural Settlement Authority. 6984 el-Wifati, Bashir. "Agricultural development and its future in Libya." In: The Economic Development of Libya, edited by Bichara Khader and Bashir el-Wifati. London: Croom Helm, 1986. 157-182 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Agricultural production. KEYWORDS: National Agricultural Settlement Authority; Land Reclamation Corporation; Council of Land Reclamation and Development; National Agricultural Marketing Company; General Strategy for Agricultural Development 19711985. Examines the Libyan government role in establishing agricultural settlement schemes in rural and tribal areas. Explores the role of the Green River Project in achieving the goal of a viable agricultural sector. 6985 Latham, J. S. "A rationale for a 'green river' to supply the Jifarah plain of north west Libya." In: Planning and Development in Modern Libya, edited by M. M. Buru, S. M. Ghanem, and K. S. McLachlan. Cambridgeshire, UK: Middle East and North African Studies, 1985. 138-150 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Water supply, Agricultural technology, Agricultural production, Agricultural research. KEYWORDS: Jafara Plain, Libya; Green River Project. 6986 McLachlan, K. S. "Strategies for agricultural development." In: Libya Since Independence, edited by J. A. Alan. New York: St. Martin's, 1982. 9-24 pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Colonialism, Oil industry, Agricultural policy. KEYWORDS: ItalyLibya relations; Libyan Public Development and Stabilization Agency; National Agricultural Settlement Authority.

Colonialism

6987 Abdi, Nourredine. "Common regional policy for Algeria and Libya: From Maghribi unity to Saharan integration." In: Social and Economic Development of Libya, edited by E. G. H. Joffe and K. S. McLachlan. Cambridgeshire, UK: Middle East and North African Studies, 1982. 215-232 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Algeria. SUBJECTS: Regional integration, Neocolonialism, Decolonization, State intervention, Agricultural sector, Division of labor. KEYWORDS: Maghreb. 6988 PCSSPLAJ. Understanding Libya's Role in World Politics. Washington, DC: PCSSPLAJ, 1984.18 pp. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Imperialism, International relations, Terrorism, Revolutionary movement. KEYWORDS: Qaddafi, Muammar; US-Libya relations; Reagan, Ronald; (PCSSPLAJ) People's Comm. for Students of the Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriy.

Economics

6989 Alawar, Mohammed. "Fezzan: Population, development and economic change." In: Planning and Development in Modern Libya, edited by M. M. Buru, S. M. Ghanem, and K. S. McLachlan. Cambridgeshire, UK: Middle East and North African Studies, 1985. 91-109 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Population growth, Economic growth rate, Migration. KEYWORDS:

Fezzan Province, Libya; Murzuz region, Libya. 6990 Allan, J. A., ed. Libya since Independence: Economic and Political Development. New York: St. Martin's, 1982. 187 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development policy, Agricultural development, Water supply, Oil industry, Political development, Political independence, Economic development. KEYWORDS: Qaddafi, Muammar; Green Book. 6991 Allan, J.A. "Libya accommodates to lower oil revenues: Economic and political adjustments." International Journal of Middle East Studies 15 (1983): 377-385. ALSO COVERS: Chad. SUBJECTS: Economic development, International relations, Government economic management, Foreign policy, Oil industry. KEYWORDS: Eritrea; Chad-Libya relations; Waddafi, Muammar. 6992 Baryun, Nuri A. 'The development of the banking system in Libya." In: The Economic Development of Libya, edited by Bichara Khader and Bashir el-Wifati. London: Croom Helm, 1986. 183-194 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Banking policy, Commercial banking, Monetary policy. KEYWORDS: Libyan Central Bank. Examines the rise of a national bank in Libya. Analyzes the role of the postrevolutionary government in establishing a banking system in modem-day Libya. 6993 Beaugé, Gilbert, and François Burgat. "La Question des migrations en Libye." Maghreb Machrek no. 112 (April/June 1986): 56-65. tables. SUBJECTS: Development planning, Migration pattern, Economic development, Oil industry, Development financing, Labor force. Examines the implications of the expulsion of foreign workers from Libya in light of the oil recession of the 1980s. 6994 Bourdon, Bernard Pierre. "La Pratique jamahirienne de l'économie (1979-1985)." L'Afrique et l'Asie modernes 151 (1986): 55-73. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Oil industry, Revolutionary movement, Banking, Economic policy. KEYWORDS: Qaddafi, Muammar; CNR (Conseil National de la Révolution). Discusses Libya's policy of Jamahirian economics, which integrates economics with religion and revolutionary fervor. Explores life under that policy and its relative success. 6995 Burgat, François. "Chronique intérieure: la Libye." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 24 (1987): 601-639. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Economic development policy, Foreign policy, Migration pattern, Oil industry, Budget policy. KEYWORDS: Qaddafi, Muammar; OPEC; natural gas. Provides an overview of Libya's internal and external political policies in 1985 and examines questions of economic development. Considers issues such as immigration and the Ishkal affair. Includes the recommendations offered by the tenth session of the Libyan general congress. 6996 Elmaihub, Saleh H. The Role of the Public Sector in Development Strategy: The Case of Libya. Benghazi, Libya: University of Garyounis, 1981. 43 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Public sector, Development policy, Economic development, Public investment, Economic history, Oil industry, Housing policy. KEYWORDS: RCC (Revolution Command Council). 6997 Gazzo, Yves. "L'Economie libyenne." Maghreb Machrek no. 93 (July/September 1981): 56-79. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Oil industry, Economic growth rate, E c o n o m i c d e p e n d e n c y , P u b l i c sector, I n d u s t r i a l i z a t i o n . KEYWORDS: Libyan Revolution 1969; Libyan national development plans. 6998 Lenaghan, R. Thomas. "The growth and structure of the economic role of the government industry." In: Libya: A Country Study, edited by Helen Chapin Mertz. Washington, DC: Federal

LIBYA/Foreign R e l a t i o n s • 4 7 7 Research Division, Library of Congress, 1989. 120-168 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Mining, Manufacturing sector, Foreign trade, Transportation system, Banking policy, Government economic management, Economic growth policy. KEYWORDS: Qaddafi, Muammar; National Oil Company; Green River Project; OPEC. Examines the relationship between government policies and the mining sector of the economy. Provides detailed information about the nature of mining in Libya and the government role in funding projects such as the Green River Project. 6999 Malhauf, Mohamed Farag. "The Jamahiriya model in planning, with some indications of social and economic development and change in Libyan Arab society." In: The Economic Development of Libya, edited by Bichara Khader and Bashir el-Wifati. London: Croom Helm, 1986. 25-36 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Development planning, Economic planning, Social change, Capitalism, Centrally planned economy. KEYWORDS: Jamahiriya. Attempts to give a brief survey of the concept of planning in the Jamahiriya society; surveys the social and economic changes and developments witnessed by Libyan Arab society during the past thirty-five years. 7000 Sono, Themba. "Warring against Libyan oil." In: Libya: The Vilified Revolution, edited by Themba Sono. Langley Park, Maryland: Progress, 1982.57-76 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic relations, Economic sanctions, Transnational corporations. KEYWORDS: OPEC; CIA; Jamahiriya Arab News Agency; US-Libya relations.

Education

7001 Souriau, Christiane. Libye: L'Economie des femmes. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1986. 199 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Family, Literacy, Employment, Education level. KEYWORDS: Green Book; Revolution of 1969. Analyzes the role of women in the Libyan economy. Also notes how women's work is often overlooked in the statistics and analyses of specialists, claiming that many women are rendered unrealistically invisible by the process.

7004 Alexander, Nathan. "The foreign policy of Libya: Inflexibility amid change." Orbis 24, no. 4 (Winter 1981): 819-846. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Intervention policy, Socialism. KEYWORDS: Qaddafi, Muammar; RCC (Revolution Command Council); Third International Theory; Arab nationalism. 7005 Berramdane, Abdelkhaleq. "Le Droit international et les actions militaires américaines contre la Libye." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 27 (1990): 367-412. other docs. SUBJECTS: International law, Military intervention, International relations, Sanctions, Hegemony. KEYWORDS: US-Libya relations; CIJ (Cour International de la Justice); Qaddafi, Muammar; Reagan, Ronald. Examines the relationship between the American military intervention of April 1986 in Libya and the international law agreement. Addresses the judicial incompatibility and the political and international repercussions of such an action of violation of national sovereignty codes. 7006 Cooley, John K. Libyan Sandstorm. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1982. 320 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development policy, Foreign policy, Superpower politics, Nuclear capability, Oil industry, Regionalism. KEYWORDS: Qaddafi, Muammar; Arab nationalism; Libyan Revolution 1969; Green Book. 7007 Deeb, Mary-Jane. "The primacy of Libya's national interest." In: The Green and the Black: Qadhafi's Policies in Africa, edited by René Lemarchand. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1988. 29-37 pp. ALSO COVERS: Sudan. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, Geopolitics, National security. KEYWORDS: Egypt-Libya relations; Sudan-Libya relations; Qaddafi, Muammar. Sets up a general model for Libya's foreign policy. Views Libya's policy toward Egypt and the Sudan from the national interest approach. Uses Morgenthau's concept of the primary national interest as the protection of a nation's physical, political, and cultural identity against encroachments.

Environment

7008 El-Warfally, Mahmoud G. Imagery and Ideology in U.S. Policy toward Libya, 1969-1982. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1988. 220 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, International relations, Oil industry. KEYWORDS: US-Libya relations; Reagan, Ronald; USSR-Libya relations; OPEC. Discusses US methodology and objectives in the Middle East. Examines Libya's conduct vis-à-vis US objectives, the US image of Libya from 1969 to 1976, and Libya's policy toward US objectives 1977-1980. Assesses US-Libya relations during the first two years of the Reagan Administration.

7002 Buru, M. M., S. M. Ghanem, and K. S. McLachlan, eds. Planning and Development in Modern Libya. Cambridgeshire, UK: Middle East and North African Studies, 1985. 234 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Natural resource management, Human resources development, Foreign trade, Water supply, Oil industry, Transportation system. KEYWORDS: OPEC; air transportation; Green River Project; Jafara Plain, Libya.

7009 International Security Council. US and Libya: Future Policy Choices. New York: International Security Council, 1988. 28 pp. ALSO COVERS: Chad, Tunisia. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Regionalism, Armed conflict, Economic sanctions. KEYWORDS: Qaddafi, Muammar; Egypt-Israel Treaty 1979; OAU; Maghreb. Examines the roots of contention between the US and Libya from 1969 to the current crisis. Proposes some steps for rectifying the current stalemate.

Foreign Relations

7003 Abdussalam, Abdelrahim S. "Foreign capital and economic development in North Africa: The Libyan example." African Studies Association Papers 26, no. 3 (December 1983): 1-24. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Income inequality, Rural-urban migration, Oil industry, Construction industry, Transnational corporations, Foreign investment. KEYWORDS: World Bank.

7010 Joffé, E. G. H. "The role of Islam." In: The Green and the Black: Qadhafi's Policies in Africa, edited by René Lemarchand. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1988. 38-51 pp. ALSO COVERS: West Africa. SUBJECTS: Islam, Geopolitics, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: Maghreb; Sahel; Qaddafi, Muammar. Discusses the interaction of Libya's radical political ideology and its religious and cultural environment and how that interaction is reflected in Libya's foreign policy. Addresses the role of Islam in the formation of Libya's foreign policy. 7011 Kaldor, Mary, and Paul Anderson, eds. Mad Dogs: The US Raids on Libya. London: Pluto, 1986. 172 pp. SUBJECTS: Interna-

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• LIBYA/Foreign R e l a t i o n s

tional relations, Political history, Terrorism, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: US-Libya relations; covert activity. Examines the April 15, 1986, bombing of Libya by the US as a unilateral act. Explores the implications of US unilateralism. 7012 Lemarchand, René. "Comparing regional hegemons: Libya and South Africa." In: The Green and the Black: Qadhafi's Policies in Africa, edited by René Lemarchand. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1988. 167-181 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Hegemony, International relations. KEYWORDS: regional destabilization; SADCC; CONSAS (Constellation of Southern African States). Uses Libya and the RSA as examples of subregional power relationships on the continent. Argues that both have been provided with the resources needed to fuel local insurgencies. Outlines patterns of convergence that arise out of the long-term goals and short-run strategies pursued by each state. 7013 Lemarchand, René. "The case of Chad." In: The Green and the Black: Qadhafi's Policies in Africa, edited by René Lemarchand. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1988. 106-124 pp. ALSO COVERS: Chad. SUBJECTS: Geopolitics, Military policy, International relations. KEYWORDS: Chad-Libyarelations; Qaddafi, Muammar. Discusses the factors involved in the relative success of Qaddafi's military policies in Chad: the history of the region, the internal politics of Chad, Qaddafi's manipulative skills, and domestic resources. 7014 Njem, Jean-Claude. "Reagan's aggressive policies toward Libya: The legal question." In: Libya: The Vilified Revolution, edited by Themba Sono. Langley Park, Maryland: Progress, 1982. 87-92 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Imperialism, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: Reagan, Ronald; Qaddafi, Muammar; Libyan Revolution 1969; US-Libya relations; Gulf of Sidra. 7015 Otayek, Réné. "La Libye face à la France au Tchad: qui perd qui gagne ?" Politique africaine no. 16 (December 1984): 67-85. ALSO COVERS: Chad. SUBJECTS: International relations, Military intervention, Foreign policy, Geopolitics, Internal conflict. KEYWORDS : Qaddafi, Muammar; FROLIN AT (Front de Libération Nationale Tchadienne); France-Libya relations; Habre, Hissene. 7016 Otayek, Réné. La Politique africaine de la Libye. Paris: Karthala, 1986. 217 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Oil industry, Diplomatie relations, Foreign policy, Regional conflict, Political alliance. KEYWORDS: OAU; USSR-Libyarelations; Chad-Libyarelations; Qaddafi, Muammar. Analyzes Libya's foreign policy goals and objectives. Attempts to resolve the conflict between the appearance of success and the reality of failure in Libyan policy. 7017 Otayek, Réné. "Lybie et Afrique." Politique africaine 1, no. 2 (May 1981): 77-98. tables. ALSO COVERS: Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign investment, International politics. KEYWORDS: Qaddafi, Muammar. 7018 Pemcon. Focus on Libya: February 1984 to June 1989: A Resource Compendium. Washington, DC: Pemcon, 1989. 215 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Sudan, Algeria. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Oil industry, Islam, Regionalism, Military alliance, Political integration. KEYWORDS: OAU; Qaddafi, Muammar; US-Libya relations; Germany-Libya relations. Provides monthly reports from February 1984 to June 1989 on political developments within Libya and on Libya's role in the international arena. Gives detailed information about specific events, especially terrorist actions in Europe. 7019 Perdue, William D. "The ideology of terrorism: 'Reaganspeak'

and the politics of paranoia against Libya." In: Libya: The Vilified Revolution, edited by Themba Sono. Langley Park, Maryland: Progress, 1982. 27-53 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Terrorism, Political ideology, Neocolonialism. KEYWORDS: US-Libya relations; Reagan, Ronald. 7020 St. John, Ronald Bruce. Qaddafi's World Design. London: Saqi, 1987. 184 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, National identity, Oil industry, International relations, Islam, Revolutionary movement, Regional conflict. KEYWORDS: Arab nationalism; PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization); US-Libyarelations; USSR-Libya relations; Europe-Libya relations. Describes the basic tenets of the foreign policy of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya and places them in a regional and international context. 7021 US Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Sanctions against Libya : Hearing and Markup before the Committee on Foreign Affairs and Its Subcommittee on International Economic Policy and Trade, House of Representatives, Ninety-ninth Congress. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1988. 49 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Oil industry, Foreign trade, International relations, Economic sanctions. KEYWORDS: US-Libya relations. Gives a detailed analysis of the House of Representatives debate on the US trade embargo against Libya. Analyzes the appropriate measures that should be taken against US oil companies for noncompliance. 7022 US Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. LibyanSponsored Terrorism: A Dilemma for Policymakers: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Security and Terrorism of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, 99th Congress. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1986. 121 pp. SUBJECTS: Terrorism, Foreign policy, International law, Regionalism, Intervention policy. KEYWORDS: US-Libya relations. Presents an extensive analysis of the congressional debate on the role of Libya in international terrorism. Discusses the role of Libyan terrorists in the bombing of a discotheque in West Germany. 7023 US Department of State. Libya under Qadhafi: A Pattern of Aggression. Washington, DC: US Department of State, 1986. 8 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Terrorism, International relations, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: Qaddafi, Muammar; US-Libya relations; Latin America-Libya relations; Caribbean-Libya relations. 7024 US Department of State. Libyan Activities in the Western Hemisphere. Washington, DC: US Department of State, 1986. 11 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Terrorism. K E Y W O R D S : Ortega, Daniel; Qaddafi, Muammar; Central America-Libya relations; Caribbean-Libya relations. Examines Libya's connection to Daniel Ortega's and other governments in Latin America and the Caribbean. Discusses as well the role of the Libyan People's Bureau in promoting Libya's foreign policy in the Caribbean, especially in St. Lucia, Aruba, and Grenada. 7025 US General Accounting Office. International Trade: Libya Trade Sanctions: Briefing Report to Congressional Requesters. Washington, DC: US General Accounting Office, 1987. 21 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Trade relations, Foreign trade, Oil industry, International economic relations, Economic sanctions. KEYWORDS: Reagan, Ronald; US-Libya relations. Analyzes the US trade embargo against Libya. Discusses Ronald Reagan's foreign policy vis-à-vis Libya and describes the reaction of US oil companies operating in Libya to the trade embargo. 7026 Wright, John. Libya : A Modern History. London: Croom Helm, 1982. 306 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Oil industry, International relations, Foreign policy, Economic planning, Revolutionary move-

LIBYA/General

ment, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: Qaddafi, Muammar; UN; Palestinian-Libya relations. 7027 Zeidan, Shawky S. "Politics and the government." In: Libya: A Country Study, edited by Helen Chapin Mertz. Washington, DC: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, 1989. 171-236 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Sudan, Chad. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Regionalism, Judicial system, Political system, Nationalist movement, Political ideology. KEYWORDS: GPC (General People's Congress); Maghreb-Libyarelations; Third Universal Theory; Western Europe-Libya relations; US-Libya relations. Analyzes the political structure of government in Libya. Examines the relationship between Libya and the Maghreb and offers an analysis of Libya's geopolitical role in North Africa. SEE ALSO 1104, 1218, 1222, 1342, 4683, 4685, 4689, 4794, 7541, 8979, 10304,13806,15314.

General

7028 Abrabboh, Bob, ed. Libya in the 1980's: Challenges and Changes. International Economics and Research, 1985. 97 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, Oil industry. KEYWORDS: Green Book; Pan-Arabism; US-Libya relations; Qaddafi, Muammar. 7029 Allan, J. A. "Water for agriculture in the 1990s: Another phase in Libya's agricultural development." In: The Economic Development of Libya, edited by Bichara Khader and Bashir el-Wifati. London: Croom Helm, 1986.124-133 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Water supply. Examines L i b y a ' s current policy on utilization of the groundwater of its southern aquifers. Describes the phases of utilization in the past 50 years as well as the responses of governments to economic circumstances and especially to the hydrological situation revealed by the development of Libya's groundwater. 7030 Anderson, Lisa. "Qaddhafi and the Kremlin." Problems of Communism 34 (September/October 1985): 29-44. SUBJECTS: International relations, Arms industry. KEYWORDS: Egypt-Africa relations; Jamahiriya; USSR-Libya relations; Qaddafi, Muammar. 7031 Barker, G. "Natural resource use: Lessons from the past." In: Libya since Independence, edited by J. A. Alan. New York: St. Martin's, 1982. 3-8 pp. SUBJECTS: Anthropological analysis, Natural resource management. KEYWORDS: Bani Walid, Libya. 7032 Barker, P., and K. S. McLachlan. "Development of the Libyan oil industry." In: Libya since Independence, edited by J. A. Alan. New York: St. Martin's, 1982. 37-54 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Oil industry, Trade policy, Transnational corporations. KEYWORDS: hydrocarbons; OPEC. 7033 Bearman, Jonathan. Qadhafi's Libya. London: Zed, 1986.298 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Oil industry, Islam, Green Revolution, Revolutionary movement, Foreign policy, Capitalism. KEYWORDS: Qaddafi, Muammar; Libyan Revolution 1969; Chad-Libya relations; Reagan, Ronald. Argues that Libyan society has undergone a profound social revolution under the leadership of Qaddafi. Identifies the forces of change, assesses the importance and impact of oil in the development of the Libyan state, and explains the relationship between state transformation and societal upheavals. 7034 Berry, La Verle. "Historical setting." In: Libya: A Country

• 479

Study, edited by Helen Chapin Mertz. Washington, DC: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, 1989. 4-56 pp. biblio, maps. ALSO COVERS: Chad, Sudan. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Islam, Political independence, Oil industry, Regionalism, International relations. KEYWORDS: Qaddafi, Muammar; Libyan Revolution 1969; ArabLibya relations; US-Libya relations; Western Europe-Libya relations. Examines Libyan history from Roman times to today. Pays particular attention to the US-Libya relationship during the 1980s. 7035 Beschorner, Natasha. Bibliography of Libya 1970-1990. London: Centre of Near and Middle Eastern Studies, University of London, 1990. 110 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Economic analysis, Political analysis, Socioeconomic analysis. Lists sources in British and Libyan libraries written from 1970 to 1990 about Libya. Covers economics, natural resources, society and social change, politics, transportation, and urbanization. Includes articles written in English, Arabic, French, and German. 7036 Bessis, Juliette. "L'Evolution des relations entre la Libye indépendante et la France." The Maghreb Review 12, no. 1/2 (January/April 1987): 9-17. SUBJECTS: International relations, Islamic society, Socialist government. KEYWORDS: France-Libya relations; CFLN (Comité Français de Libération Nationale). Traces the history of France-Libya relations. Focuses on the relationship between France's Socialist government and the Libyan government of the 1980s. 7037 Bessis, Juliette. La Libye contemporaine. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1986.220 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Regional conflict, Oil industry, Arab nations, Government analysis. KEYWORDS: King Idris; Qaddafi, Muammar; Nasser, Gamal Abdel. Reveals why Libya and Qaddafi project images that surpass their political significance. Traces Libyan history from the colonial period through three successive governments and examines influences on the contemporary government and policy in Libya. Analyzes domestic repression and foreign policy within Africa. 7038 Bleuchot, Herve. "The Green Book: Its context and meaning." In: Libya since Independence, edited by J. A. Allan. New York: St. Martin's, 1982. 137-164 pp. SUBJECTS: Personalized leadership, Islam. KEYWORDS: Green Book; Qaddafi, Muammar. 7039 Brandily, Monique. "Music and social change." In: Social and Economic Development of Libya, edited by E. G. H. Joffé and K. S. McLachlan. Cambridgeshire, UK: Middle East and North African Studies Press, 1982. 207-214 pp. SUBJECTS: Traditional society, Social change. KEYWORDS: Chati Region, Libya; Traghen, Libya; Mourzourk, Libya; traditional music. 7040 Burgat, François. "Chroniques intérieures: Libye. Mille-neufcent-quatre-vingt-six: les derniers feux de la Jamahirisation." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 25 (1988): 719-744. tables. SUBJECTS: Revolutionary movement, Foreign policy, Oil industry, Islamic society. KEYWORDS: US-Libya relations. Examines Libyan politics in 1986; discusses the US abortive attack on Libya, which had a significant impact on Libyan politics, as did the oil shocks and the expulsion of workers. 7041 Burgat, François. "Qadhafi's 'unitary' doctrine: Theory and practice." In: The Green and the Black: Qadhafi's Policies in Africa, edited by René Lemarchand. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1988. 19-28 pp. SUBJECTS: Diplomatic relations, Regional integration. KEYWORDS: Maghreb; Qaddafi, Muammar; PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization); OPEC. Explicates the core of the Qaddafian doctrine: the search for Arab unity. Examines various concessions made over the years to the demands of contextual realities, including the persistence of statecentered nationalisms. Explores several paths through which the

480 • LIBYA/General march toward Arab unity has been charted. 7042 Burgat, François. "The Libyan economy in crisis." In: The Economic Development ofLibya, edited by Bichara Khader and Bashir el-Wifati. London: Croom Helm, 1986. 213-228 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Export economy, Oil industry, Labor market, Market system. KEYWORDS: foreign labor. Identifies the imbalances in the Libyan economy and analyzes government reactions to those imbalances. Suggests ways of evaluating their potential impacts. 7043 Buru, M. M. "The Tripoli agglomeration land-use changes and land-use options." In: Planning and Development in Modern Libya, edited by M. M. Buru, S. M. Ghanem, and K. S. McLachlan. Cambridgeshire, UK: Middle East and North African Studies 1985. 110-129 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Land-use policy, Land tenure system, Water supply. KEYWORDS: Tripoli, Libya; Sabhah Region, Libya; Al-Khalij, Libya; Benghazi, Libya. 7044 Cordell, Dennis D. "The Awlad Sulayman of Libya and Chad: Power and Adaptation in the Sahara and the Sahel." In: Les Défricheurs de l'Islam en Afrique occidentale, edited by Bogumil Jewsiwicki and Jean-Louis Triaud. Quebec, Canada: Revue canadienne des études africaines, 1985. 319-343 pp. biblio, maps. ALSO COVERS: Chad. SUBJECTS: Religious conflict, Regional conflict, Power politics, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: Awlad Sulayman; Sahel. 7045 Cordes, Bonnie. Qaddafi: Idealist and Revolutionary Philanthropist. Santa Monica, California: Rand, 1986. 10 pp. SUBJECTS: Political history, Coup d'état. KEYWORDS: Qaddafi, Muammar; NSF (National Salvation Front for Libya); RCC (Revolution Command Council). Addresses Qaddafi's role in the politics of the Middle East and as the leader of Libya. 7046 Deeb, Marius K., and Mary Jane Deeb. Libya since the Revolution: Aspects of Social and Political Development. New York: Praeger, 1982. 156 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Education system, Urbanization, Political development, Foreign policy, Women's economic role, Islam. KEYWORDS: Libyan Revolution 1969. 7047 Dunton, Chris. "Black Africans in Libya and Libyan images of Black Africa." In: The Green and the Black: Qadhafi's Policies in Africa, edited by René Lemarchand. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1988. 150-166 pp. ALSO COVERS: Chad. SUBJECTS: International relations, Labor migration. KEYWORDS: Libya-Africa relations. Addresses Libya's projection of its role in Africa through the media and in various official publications. Discusses how that role fits in with, or deviates from, the standard image that Libyans have of sub-Saharan Africa. Considers how the presence of a Black minority among Libyan citizens might affect Libyan images of Africa. 7048 Ekwe-Ekwe, Herbert. "Rambo raids on Libya." Journal of African Marxists no. 9 (July 1986): 19-23. SUBJECTS: Liberation movement, Terrorism. KEYWORDS: Qaddafi, Muammar. Criticizes US foreign policy by citing US attacks on Libya in April 1986. Accuses the US of being against any and all liberation movements and of being willing to engage in armed conflict to quell those movements. 7049 Elazzabi, Abulgasim. "Transport and investment in the Libyan Jamahiriya 1963-1980." In: Libya since Independence, edited by J. A. Allan. New York: St. Martin's, 1982. 93-99 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Transportation system, Oil industry, Government expenditure. KEYWORDS: Jamahiriya; public transportation.

7050 Foltz, William J. "Libya's military power." In: The Green and the Black: Qadhafi's Policies in Africa, edited by René Lemarchand. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1988. 52-69 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Chad, Uganda. SUBJECTS: Military policy, International relations. KEYWORDS: Qaddafi, Muammar; ChadLibya relations; Uganda-Libya relations. Outlines the roots of Libya's military power, detailing arms purchased from France and from a variety of other suppliers. Provides an overview of Libya's military arsenal and discusses several of Libya's military activities in the region. Speculates on the reasons for Libya's apparent military failures. 7051 Glavanis, Pandeli. "Nature of the state with reference to social classes: Peripheral capitalism and labour in the Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya." In: Social and Economic Development of Libya, edited by E. G. H. Joffé and K. S. McLachlan. Cambridgeshire, UK: Middle East and North African Studies Press, 1982. 281-294 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development policy, Agrarian economy, Technology transfer. KEYWORDS: Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya; foreign labor. 7052 Harmon, Robert B., ed. Administration and Government in Libya: A Selected Bibliography. Monticello, Illinois: Vance Bibliographies, 1982. 10 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Administration, Government analysis, Bibliography. KEYWORDS: Qaddafi, Muammar. 7053 International Court of Justice. Case Concerning the Continental Shelf (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya/Malta): Volume 1 : Special Agreement ¡Memorials. Vol. 1. The Hague, Netherlands: International Court of Justice, 1990.568 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: International law, Conflict resolution. KEYWORDS: International Court of Justice. Describes the background of the continental shelf dispute between Malta and Libya by presenting historical, geographic, and geologic data. Studies drafts of potential agreements advanced by the disputing parties. 7054 International Court of Justice. Case Concerning the Continental Shelf (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya/Malta): Volume II: Counter Memorials; Application for Permission to Intervene and Consequent Proceedings. Vol. 2. The Hague, Netherlands: International Court of Justice, 1990. 662 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: International law, Conflict resolution. KEYWORDS: International Court of Justice. Discusses the viability of possible solutions presented by the governments of Libya and Malta. Offers possible alternatives to the advanced solutions; comments on the specific weaknesses of Malta's equidistance proposal. Gives historical examples of similar proceedings in the past. 7055 Joffé, E. G. H., and K. S. McLachlan, eds. Social and Economic Development of Libya. Cambridgeshire, UK: Middle East and North African Studies, 1982. 369 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Algeria. SUBJECTS: Economic development, International relations, Education system, Urbanization, Social development policy, Development policy, Regional integration. KEYWORDS: Italy-Libya relations; Maghreb. 7056 Lemarchand, René, ed. The Green and the Black: Qadhafi's Policies in Africa. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1988. 188 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Chad, North Africa. SUBJECTS: Islam, Military policy, Hegemony, Regional cooperation. KEYWORDS: Qaddafi, Muammar; Chad-Libya relations; MaghrebLibya relations; OAU. Attempts to shift the ground of debate beyond the realm of stereotypes and simplicities surrounding Libyan policies on the continent. Demonstrates that the complex of historical forces, attitudes, interests, and priorities that have shaped Libyan policies cannot be reduced to slogans and metaphors.

LIBYA/General • 4 8 1 7057 Lescaut, Charles. "La Révolution piégée." Géopolitique africaine (March 1986): 170-177. ALSO COVERS: Chad. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Revolutionary movement, Oil industry, Political repression. KEYWORDS: Qaddafi, Muammar; USSR-Libya relations. Examines the state in which Libya finds itself, stressing political repression and its relationship with the USSR. 7058 Louis, Wm. Roger. "Libyan independence, 1951: The creation of a client state." In: Decolonization and African Independence: The Transfers of Power, 1960-1980, edited by Prosser Gifford and Wm. Roger Louis. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1988. 185-197 pp. SUBJECTS: State formation, Independence movement, International relations, Nationalist movement. KEYWORDS: Bevin, Ernest; Cyrenaica Province, Libya; UK-Libya relations. Examines British efforts to consolidate and control Libya after independence. 7059 Mason, John P. "An anthropologist's contribution to Libya's national human settlement plan." In: Anthropology and Development in North Africa and the Middle East, edited by Muneera Salem-Murdock and Michael M. Horowitz, with Monica Sella. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1990. 155-174 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Anthropological analysis, National development, Social development policy. KEYWORDS: UN Physical Planning Project. Addresses Libya's physical perspective plan, focusing on field work and participation on the UN team drawing up the plan. Evaluates the social analysis that was part of designing the plan. Considers the author's role as an anthropologist in constructing the plan. 7060 McLachlan, Keith. "The Libyan South: Background to current developments and future outlook." In: The Economic Development of Libya, edited by Bichara Khader and Bashir el-Wifati. London: Croom Helm, 1986. 37-57 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Regional planning policy, Economic development, Oil industry, Water supply. KEYWORDS: Green River Project; Sabhah Region, Libya; Fezzan Province, Libya. Examines the role of southern Libya in future development, especially in agriculture. Analyzes the role of government policies in the Fezzan Province. 7061 Migliauacca, Paolo. "Controversial complementarity with Libya." Politico internazaionale 5, no. 2 (Autumn 1986): 39-48. SUBJECTS: Trade relations, Oil industry, Sanctions. KEYWORDS: Italy-Libya relations. Describes Italy's trade relations with Libya. Provides a chronology of these relations during the past decade. Addresses the Reagan Administration's call for sanctions against Libya. 7062 Milburn, M. "Socio-economic change among the Fezzan Tuareg since 1800." In: Social and Economic Development of Libya, edited by E. G. H. Joffé and K. S. McLachlan. Cambridgeshire, UK: Middle East and North African Studies, 1982. 175-187 pp. ALSO COVERS: Niger, Algeria. SUBJECTS: Trade relations, Agricultural production, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: Fezzanese people; Tuareg people; caravan trade. 7063 Muller, M. "Frontiers: An imported concept: An historical review of the creation and consequences of Libya's frontiers." In: Libya since Independence, edited by J. A. Allan. New York: St. Martin's, 1982. 165-180 pp. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Ethnic politics. KEYWORDS: Sahara Desert. 7064 Naur, Maja. Social and Organisational Change in Libya. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1982.33 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Social change, Manufacturing sec-

tor, Centrally planned economy, Decentralization. KEYWORDS: Green Book. 7065 N e u b e r g e r , B e n y a m i n . Involvement, Invasion, and Withdrawal: Qadhdhafi's Libya and Chad, 1969-1981. Tel-Aviv, Israel: Tel-Aviv University, 1982. 78 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Chad. SUBJECTS: International relations, Islam, Civil war. KEYWORDS: Chad-Libya relations; Habre, Hissene; Malloum, Felix; Qaddafi, Muammar. 7066 Ogunbadejo, Oye. "Qaddafi and Africa's international relations.^"The Journal ofModern African Studies 24, no. 1 (March 1986): 33-68. SUBJECTS: Political analysis, International relations. KEYWORDS: Qaddafi, Muammar. Reviews Qaddafi's role in Africa, emphasizing the manner in which the US has tended to view his actions in an East-West context. 7067 Palmer, Monte, and Omar Fathlay. 'The transformation of the elite structure in revolutionary Libya." In: Social and Economic Development of Libya, edited by E. G. H. Joffé and K. S. McLachlan. Cambridgeshire, UK: Middle East and North African Studies Press, 1982.255-280 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Political system, Elite analysis. KEYWORDS: Qaddafi, Muammar; ASU (Arab Socialist Union); RCC (Revolution Command Council). 7068 Pondi, Jean-Emmanuel. "Qadhafi and the Organization of African Unity." In: The Green and the Black: Qadhafi's Policies in Africa, edited by René Lemarchand. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1988. 139-149 pp. SUBJECTS: Nationalism, International relations. KEYWORDS: OAU-Libya relations; Qaddafi, Muammar; OAU. Addresses the norms and values of the OAU and Qaddafi's disregard for the framework of OAU. Includes a discussion of Libya's conflict with Chad and the OAU's response to that conflict. Focuses on the limitations placed on Qaddafi's ambitions by the OAU. 7069 Schumacher, Edward. "The United States and Libya." Foreign Affairs 65, no. 2 (Winter 1986/1987): 329-348. SUBJECTS: International relations, Terrorism, Political violence, International law. KEYWORDS: Qaddafi, Muammar; USSR-Libya relations; US-Libya relations; Western Europe-Libya relations. Covers the state of US relations with Libya following the April 1986 US bombing raid on Qaddafi's headquarters in Tripoli. Examines the role that the Libyan leader has played in international terrorism and assesses his current standing in the Arab world and his relations with Europe and the USSR. 7070 Sono, Themba, ed. Libya: The Vilified Revolution. Langley Park, Maryland: Progress, 1984. 99 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Chad. SUBJECTS: International relations, Terrorism, Women's political role, Regionalism, Revolutionary movement, Oil industry, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: Qaddafi, Muammar; USLibya relations; Arab nationalism. 7071 Soremekun, Kayode. "Potency and limitations: The dilemma of OPEC in the NIEO." In: The Future of Africa and the New International Economic Order, edited by Ralph I. Onwuku and Olajide Aluko. London: Macmillan, 1987.150-164 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Algeria. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic integration, Oil industry. KEYWORDS: OPEC; International Energy Agency; New International Economic Order. Analyzes the origins and character of OPEC with an emphasis on Libya, Algeria, and Iraq. Argues that OPEC proves the need for a more equitable internal order before a New International Economic Order can be conceived. 7072 St. John, Ronald Bruce. "The Libyan debacle in sub-Saharan

482

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LIBYA/General

Africa 1969-1987." In: The Green and the Black: Qadhafi's Policies in Africa, edited by René Lemarchand. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1988. 125-138 pp. ALSO COVERS: Africa. SUBJECTS: Regional security, International relations. KEYWORDS: Qaddafi, Muammar; RCC (Revolution Command Council); Libyan Revolution 1969. Attempts to address the historic neglect in the literature of Libya's relations with sub-Saharan Africa. Draws attention to the elements of change and continuity that have marked Libyan policies in Africa since the revolution of September 1969. 7073 Tripp, Charles. "La Libye et l'Afrique." Politique étrangère 49, no. 2 (1984): 317-329. ALSO COVERS: Africa, Chad. SUBJECTS: International relations, Political ideology, Military policy. KEYWORDS: Qaddafi, Muammar. 7074 William, Gutteridge. Libya, Still a Threat to Western Interests? London: Institute for the Study of Conflict, 1984.25 pp. SUBJECTS: Oil industry, Terrorism, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: Arab nationalism; US-Libya relations; Qaddafi, Muammar. 7075 Witherell, Julian W. Libya, 1969-1989: An American Perspective: A Guide to U.S. Official Documents and Government-Sponsored Publications. Washington, DC: Library of Congress, 1990. 180 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Economic analysis, Political analysis, International relations, Terrorism. KEYWORDS: Qaddafi, Muammar; US-Libya relations; USSR-Libya relations; Chad-Libya relations; Sudan-Libya relations. A guide to US government documents on Libyan agriculture, economics, foreign relations, politics, and terrorism. Covers the two decades after Qaddafi came to power. 7076 Wright, Claudia. The Politics of Liquidation: The Reagan Administration Policy Towards the Arabs. Belmont, Massachusetts: A AUG (Association of Arab-American University Graduates), 1986. 8 pp. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, Oil industry, Leadership analysis. KEYWORDS: Qaddafi, Muammar; Reagan, Ronald. Outlines the basis for the Reagan Administration's policy toward the Arabs, focusing on the administration's attempt to assassinate Libyan leader Muammar Qaddafi. Suggests that the existence of oil was the driving force behind US foreign policy in that region. SEE ALSO 4694, 4695, 4700, 4704, 9206, 10339, 10360, 14687, 14701, 14706.

Industry

7077 Anderson, E. W., and G. H. Blake. "The Libyan fishing industry." In: Libya since Independence, edited by J. A. Allan. New York: St. Martin's, 1982. 73-92 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Fishing industry. KEYWORDS: tuna; sponges. 7078 Barker, P. 'The development of Libyan industry." In: Libya since Independence, edited by J. A. Allan. New York: St. Martin's, 1982. 55-71 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Government expenditure, Manufacturing sector, Industrial sector. KEYWORDS: Transformation Plan 1981-1985. 7079 Burgat, François, and Taoufik Monasriri. "Chroniques intérieures: la Libye." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 21 (1984): 557-583. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Industrial production, Political culture, Political opposition, Oil industry, Agricultural production. KEYWORDS: Exxon; Green Book; OPEC; Qaddafi, Muammar.

7080 Burgat, François. "Chroniques intérieures: Libye." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 23 (1986): 849-898. tables. SUBJECTS: Industrial sector, Oil industry, Economic crisis, Agricultural development. KEYWORDS: Congrès Général du Peuple; Green Book; regional destabilization. Assesses the political and economic climate in Libya in 1984. Suggests that Libya's is an economy in crisis. Includes chronological and statistical tables, which seek to explain Libya's political and economic situations. 7081 Cooley, John F. "The Libyan menace." Foreign Policy no. 42 (1981): 74-93. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Energy industry, Oil industry, Terrorism, Nuclear energy. KEYWORDS: Qaddafi, Muammar; Occidental Petroleum Corportation; CIA. 7082 el-Jehaimi, Taher. "Industrial development in Libya around the year 2000." In: The Economic Development of Libya, edited by Bichara Khader and Bashir el-Wifati. London: Croom Helm, 1986. 73-80 pp. SUBJECTS: Industrial development, Economic planning, Oil industry, National development. Identifies the crucial relationships that will determine the future evolution of industry in Libya. Examines how these relationships interact once certain assumptions are made about their key exogenous variables. 7083 Habluetzel, Rudolf. Development Prospects of Capital Surplus Oil-Exporting Countries: Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1981. 53 pp. SUBJECTS: Oil industry, Labor migration, Economic development, Manufacturing sector, Technology transfer. KEYWORDS: foreign labor; OPEC. Discusses Libyan government policy and the manufacturing sector in terms of their roles in the diversification of the Libyan economy. Analyzes the effect of technology transfer on the diversification process. 7084 Khader, Bichara, and Bashir El-Wifati, eds. The Economic Development of Libya. London: Croom Helm, 1986. 250 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Labor migration, Economic planning, Oil industry, Industrial development, Agricultural development, Agricultural production. KEYWORDS: Council of Land Reclamation and Development; foreign labor; GPC (General People's Congress). Provides an analysis of economic development and spatial planning in Libya. Examines both the background of current developments and the future outlook. Analyzes the role of the oil industry in the Libyan economy and projects the level of Libyan industrial development expected for the year 2000. 7085 Mattes, Hanspeter. "Libya's economic relations as an instrument of foreign policy." In: The Economic Development of Libya, edited by Bichara Khader and Bashir el-Wifati. London: Croom Helm, 1986. 81-123 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Economic relations, Oil industry, Foreign policy, International economic relations, Fishing industry. KEYWORDS: Arab-Libya relations; Libyan Arab Foreign Bank. Examines foreign trade relations and the concept introduced by Libya into the drawing up of order, control over natural resources, Libyan economic aid, and foreign investment policy. 7086 Office of Oil and Gas. The Petroleum Resources of Libya, Algeria, and Egypt. Washington, DC: Energy Information Administration, US Department of Energy, 1984. 189 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Algeria. SUBJECTS: Oil industry, Energy industry, Natural resource management. KEYWORDS: natural gas; geological analysis.

LIBYA/Military A f f a i r s • 4 8 3 SEE ALSO 2186.

Durham City, UK: Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, University of Durham, 1982.129pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Tunisia, Morocco. SUBJECTS: Migration pattern, Labor migration, Migration. KEYWORDS: Maghreb.

Labor

7087 Gallico, Loris. "Mouvement ouvrier et syndicat dans la Libye d'aujourd'hui." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 21 (1984): 209-215. tables. SUBJECTS: Labor union, Working class, Labor force, Oil industry, Islamic society. KEYWORDS: Qaddafi, Muammar; Green Book. SEE ALSO 10388.

Legal System

7088 Al-Qasem, Anis. Principles of Petroleum Legislation: The Case of a Developing Country. London: Graham and Trotman, 1985. 245 pp. SUBJECTS: Oil industry, Nationalization, Property rights, Taxation policy, Policy analysis, Law. KEYWORDS: Libyan Revolution 1969; LOC (Libyan Oil Corporation); Petroleum Law No. 25 1955. 7089 Hajjar, Sami G., and R. Kieron Swaine. "Social justice: The philosophical justifications of Qaddafi's construction." Africa Today 31, no. 3 (1984): 5-16. SUBJECTS: Judicial process. KEYWORDS: Green Book; Qaddafi, Muammar; Third Universal Theory.

Media and Culture

7090 Berry, La Verle. "The society and its environment." In: Libya: A Country Study, edited by Helen Chapin Mertz. Washington, DC: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, 1989. 64-117 pp. biblio, maps. SUBJECTS: Geographical analysis, Traditional society, Ethnicity, Household analysis, Islam, Health care policy, Women's studies. KEYWORDS: Qaddafi, Muammar. Provides an extensive overview of the people and the social achievements of the revolutionary government. Analyzes social changes that have occurred in the independence period, especially during the 1970s. 7091 Peters, E. L. "Cultural and social diversity in Libya." In: Libya since Independence, edited by J. A. Allan. New York: St. Martin's, 1982. 103-120 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Traditional society, Cultural identity, Social stratification, Pastoralism. KEYWORDS: Bedouin people; Zuwaya people. SEE ALSO 4714.

Migration

7092 Findlay, Anne, and Allan Findlay. The Geographical Interpretation of International Migration: A Case Study of the Maghreb.

Military Affairs

7093 Afram Association. The Black Reaction: The Bombing of Libya. Harlem, New York: Afram Association, 1986. 20 pp. SUBJECTS: Armed conflict, Terrorism, Racism, International law. KEYWORDS: Qaddafi, Muammar; Reagan, Ronald; US-Libya relations; African American-Libya relations. Provides an analysis of editorials written in the Black print media denouncing the attack on Libya by the US military. 7094 Davis, Brian L. Qaddafi, Terrorism, and the Origins of the U.S. Attack on Libya. New York: Praeger, 1990. 202 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Terrorism, Military intervention, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: Operation El Dorado Canyon 1986; Reagan, Ronald; Israel-Libya relations; US-Libya relations. Reviews US-Libya relations from 1969 to 1983. Analyzes the US military attack on Libya on April 15, 1986—called Operation El Dorado Canyon—in the context of history, international relations, and Libya's ambitions in the world. Argues that Libya brought on the US attack by its own activities. 7095 Haley, P. Edward. Qaddafi and the United States since 1969. New York: Praeger, 1984. 364 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Arms industry, Political analysis, Terrorism. KEYWORDS : US-Libya relations; Qaddafi, Muammar; USSR-Libya relations; Wilson, Ed. 7096 Hottinger, Arnold. "L'Expansionisme libyen: Machrek, Maghreb et Afrique noire." Politique Etrangère 46, no. 1 (1981): 137-149. maps, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Africa. SUBJECTS: International conflict, Regional conflict, International relations, Geopolitics, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: Qaddafi, Muammar; Maghreb; POLISARIO. 7097 Pasha, Aftab Kamal. Libya and the United States. Paharganj, New Delhi: Satish Khurana for Detente, 1984. 164 pp. ALSO COVERS: Morocco, Tunisia. SUBJECTS: International relations, Armed conflict, Terrorism. KEYWORDS : US-Libya relations; LibyaMaghreb relations; USSR-Libya relations; Africa-Libya relations. 7098 Rubner, Michael. "Antiterrorism and the withering of the 1973 War Powers Resolution." Political Science Quarterly 102, no. 2 (1987): 193-215. SUBJECTS: Military intervention, International conflict, Territorial sovereignty, Terrorism. KEYWORDS: US Congress; War Powers Resolution 1973. Examines the two military encounters that occurred between the US and Libya in March and April 1986. Argues that the War Powers Resolution was not effective in deterring the US president from military action. 7099 Soudan, François, and Joseph Goulden. Kaddafi, la CIA et les marchands de mort. Paris: Groupe Jeune Afrique, 1987. 188 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Arms industry, Armed conflict, Military policy, Power politics. KEYWORDS: US-Libya relations; CIA; Qaddafi, Muammar; covert activity; Goulden, Joseph. Recounts the story of CIA agent Joseph Goulden, who clandestinely furnished Qaddafi with tons of explosives, a bomb factory, and a school for terrorism, all before the agent was neutralized by the US

484

• LIBYA/Military A f f a i r s

justice system in the early 1980s. Recounts events surrounding the attempted assassination of Qaddafi by the Reagan Administration, as well as other relationships that have involved Libya and the US. 7100 Tartter, Jean R. "National security." In: Libya: A Country Study, edited by Helen Chapin Mertz. Washington, DC: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, 1989. 237-289 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Chad, Uganda. SUBJECTS: Armed forces, Armed conflict, Women's political role, Nuclear capability, National security, Military policy. KEYWORDS: Qaddafi, Muammar; FROLINAT (Front de Libération Nationale Tchadienne); US-Libya relations; USSR-Libya relations. Provides descriptive information about the Libyan military. Examines the role of women in the armed forces and discusses the Chad-Libyan conflict and Libya's military role in Uganda and the Sudan. Discusses the nature of the international arms market, especially the role of the US and the USSR as the world's largest arms exporters. 7101 US Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. LibyanSponsored Terrorism: A Dilemma for Policymakers: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Security and Terrorism of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Ninety-ninth Congress. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1986. 121 pp. tables, maps. S U B J E C T S : Terrorism, Military policy, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: US-Libya relations; Qaddafi, Muammar; Mukhabarat (Libyan Secret Service); Libyan Revolutionary Committee. Describes and discusses Libyan support of international terrorism against its own citizens and foreigners. Notes the Libyan policy objectives behind these acts and the potential US responses. 7102 Zilian, Jr., Fredrick. 'The U.S. raid on Libya and NATO." Orbis 30, no. 3 (Fall 1986): 499-523. SUBJECTS: Military policy, Warfare, Terrorism. KEYWORDS: NATO-Libya relations; Qaddafi, Muammar; US-Libya relations. Reviews the circumstances surrounding the US air strike on Libya on April 15, 1986. Explores US intentions and the subsequent reactions of its NATO allies. Examines NATO relations with Libya in the context of the raid. SEE ALSO 2446, 2500, 4721,4722, 4723,4727, 9488, 9494, 10393, 14722.

Planning and Development

7103 Allan, J. A., ed. Libya. London: Croom Helm, 1981. 328 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Oil industry, Development planning, Economic planning, National planning policy. KEYWORDS: OPEC; Qaddafi, Muammar; Third International Theory; Green Book. 7104 Ghanem, Shukri. "The oil industry and the Libyan economy: The past, the present, and the likely future." In: The Economic Development ofLibya, edited by Bichara Khader and Bashir el-Wifati. London: Croom Helm, 1986.58-71 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Oil industry, Economic development, Economic planning, Development planning. KEYWORDS: OPEC; petrochemical industry. Examines the role of the oil industry in Libya's economic development. Analyzes the role of the goverment in diversifying the economy from one based on oil to one with a healthy agricultural and industrial sector. 7105 Kezeiri, Saad, and Richard Lawless. "Economic development and spatial planning in Libya." In: The Economic Development of

Libya, edited by Bichara Khader and Bashir el-Wifati. London: Croom Helm, 1986. 1-24 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic planning, Development planning, Rural-urban migration. KEYWORDS: foreign labor; spatial analysis. Attempts to provide an extensive overview of spatial planning in Libya. Examines Libya's planned new industrial developments for the year 2000. Analyzes as well Libya's artificial river project. SEE ALSO 14726.

Politics

7106 Anderson, Lisa. 'The state in the Middle East and North Africa." Comparative Politics 20, no. 1 (October 1987): 1-18. ALSO COVERS: Algeria, Morocco. SUBJECTS: Political theory, Government bureaucracy, Mining. Assesses the value of state-focused approaches to politics in the Middle East and North Africa. Outlines a useful theoretical approach to a range of types that exists in the area, based on indicators such as bureaucratic administration, military force, and territorial integrity. 7107 Bleuchot, Hervé. Chroniques et documents libyens (19691980). Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1983.270 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Government analysis, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: Qaddafi, Muammar; Libyan Revolution 1969. 7108 Bleuchot, Hervé, and Taoufîk Monastiri. "La Logique unitaire libyenne." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 24 (1987): 101-123. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Regional integration, Socialist government, Foreign policy, Personalized leadership. KEYWORDS: Maghreb; Qaddafi, Muammar. Traces Libyan foreign policy since the rise to power of Qaddafi. Stresses the role that political ideology plays in foreign policy. 7109 Bleuchot, Hervé. "Le Livre Vert: son contexte, sa signification." Maghreb Machrekno. 93 (July/September 1981): 23-38. SUBJECTS: Islamic society, Political ideology, Revolutionary movement, Socialist government, Democracy. KEYWORDS: Qaddafi, Muammar; Arabization; Green Book. 7110 Bocco, Riccardo. "L'Etat 'contourné' en Libye: tribalisme, clientélisme et révolution dans une économie pétrolière." Genève Afrique/Geneva Africa 26, no. 2 (1988): 133-143. SUBJECTS: State formation, Political ideology, Islamic society, Public administration, Ethnicity, Arab nations, Oil industry. Explores why a northern African country such as Libya, which shares the Islamic values of neighboring countries, differs from its neighbors so widely in the political arena. Assesses the roles that public administration policy, tribalism, and revolutionary and Islamic ideals all play in the oil exporting country. 7111 Davis, John. Libyan Politics: Tribe and Revolution. London: I. B. Tarais, 1987.297 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Guerrilla activity, Political system, Class analysis, Personalized leadership, Judicial system, Women's rights, Traditional society. KEYWORDS: Qaddafi, Muammar; Libyan Revolution 1969; Third Universal Theory; Green Book; Zuwaya people. Provides a deatailed analysis of Libyan history from the 1500s to the the 1980s. Examines the roles of Qaddafi and colonialism in modern Libyan society. Analyzes the effects of the 1969 revolution on economic development, geopolitical power, and Libyan society. 7112 Davis, John. "Théorie et pratique du gouvernement non

LIBYA/Politics

représentatif." Maghreb Machrek no. 93 (July/September 1981): 3955. tables. SUBJECTS: Government analysis, Political ideology, Democracy, Authoritarian government. KEYWORDS: Qaddafi, Muammar; Ajdabiyah election 1978. 7113 Deeb, Mary-Jane. "Libya's economic development 1961-1986: Social and political implications." The Maghreb Review 12, no. 1/2 (January/April 1987): 1-8. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Socialist government, Political crisis. Examines the history of economic development in Libya from 1961 to the mid-1980s. Views economic development as a process that has passed through five different phases in which each phase was a response to the problems and crises caused by the previous phase. 7114 Djaziri, Moncef. "Chronique libyenne." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 27 (1990): 629-677. tables. SUBJECTS: Political analysis, Economic analysis, Democratization, Oil industry, Women's rights, Government analysis. KEYWORDS: Green Charter of 1988. Examines the economic and political situations in Libya during 1987. Presents a chronology of events and contains statistical annexes of major trade and internal statistics in Libya. 7115 El-Khawas, Mohamed A. "New society in Qaddafi's Libya: Can it endure?" Africa Today 31, no. 3 (1984): 17-44. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Coup d'état, Democracy, Economic policy, Land tenure system, Socialism. KEYWORDS: RCC (Revolution Command Council); Qaddafi, Muammar. 7116 El-Khawas, Mohamed A. Qaddafi: His Ideology in Theory and Practice. Brattleboro, Vermont: Amana, 1986. 222 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Cultural identity, Political ideology, Political system, Islam, Foreign policy, Personalized leadership, Women's political role. KEYWORDS: Qaddafi, Muammar; US-Libya relations; Third Universal Theory; OAU; Libyan Revolution 1969. Examines Muammar Qaddafi's role in postrevolutionary Libya. Offers extensive analyses of the events leading to the 1969 revolution and the societal transformations that have occurred after 1969. 7117 H a j j a r , Sami G. "The Marxist origins of Qadhafi's economic thought." The Journal of Modern African Studies 20, no. 3 (September 1982): 361-375. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Economic theory, Marxism, Socialism. KEYWORDS: Qaddafi, Muammar; Locke, John; Green Book. 7118 Harris, Lillian Craig. Libya: Qadhafi's Revolution and the Modern State. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1986. 157 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Demographic analysis, Political system, Foreign policy, Leadership analysis, Economic system, Political opposition. KEYWORDS: Qaddafi, Muammar; Libyan Revolution 1969. Analyzes the social, cultural, political, and economic forces that have shaped Libya. Outlines the changes that have taken place since the revolution in 1969. Focuses on Muammar Qaddafi and his impact on Libyan foreign policy. 7119 Hinnebusch, Raymond A. "Charisma, revolution, and state formation: Qaddafi and Libya." Third World Quarterly 6, no. 1 (January 1984): 59-73. SUBJECTS: Leadership analysis, Elite analysis, Nation-building, Political ideology, State formation. KEYWORDS: charismatic leadership; Qaddafi, Muammar. 7120 Makidi, Ku-Ntima. "Populism, Marxism, nationalism and tiersmondism in the political thought of Moammar El Khadafi." Ufahamu 17, no. 1 (Fall 1988): 26-34. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Marxist analysis, Populism, Political parties. KEYWORDS: Qaddafi, Muammar; Green Book; Third Universal Theory. Examines the political ideology of Muammar Qaddafi by asserting that his theory is more a potpourri of different leftist ideologies

• 485

than a belief system independent of Western influence. 7121 Mattes, Hanspeter. "L'Emprise du politique sur le culturel en Libye révolutionnaire." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 23 (1986): 67-78. tables. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Cultural identity, Political ideology. KEYWORDS: Green Book. Discusses how Qaddafi has attempted to link revolutionary ideology with traditional Libyan culture. 7122 Maur, Maja. Political Mobilization and Industry in Libya. Uppsala, Sweden: Akademisk Forlag, 1986. 268 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Industrial sector, Nationbuilding, Political ideology, Industrial policy. Describes the strong link between political mobilization and industrial development in Libya's postcolonial history. Notes that the industrial sector in Libya has been used far beyond the scope of economic development. Contains data from a survey conducted in Libya in 1980-81 in order to support the argument. 7123 Mayer, Ann Elizabeth. "Le Droit musulman en Libye, à l'âge du 'Livre vert.'" Maghreb Machrek no. 93 (July/September 1981): 5-23. SUBJECTS: Legal system, Islamic society, Political ideology, Political development. KEYWORDS: Sharia law; Libya Constitution 1977; Green Book. 7124 Mertz, Helen Chapin, ed. Libya: A Country Study. 4th ed. Washington, DC: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, 1989. 351 pp. biblio, maps. ALSO COVERS: Chad. SUBJECTS: Islam, Political independence, International relations, Traditional s o c i e t y , Oil i n d u s t r y , M i l i t a r y policy, Political a n a l y s i s . KEYWORDS: Qaddafi, Muammar; Europe-Libya relations; UNLibya relations. Describes and analyzes the Libyan political, economic, social, and national security systems and institutions and examines their interrelationships and the ways they are shaped by cultural factors. 7125 Nyang, Sulayman S. 'The Islamic factor in Libya's Africa policy." Africa and the World 1, no. 2 (January 1988): 13-23. SUBJECTS : Political ideology, Islamic society, Pan-Africanism, Religious politics, Arab nations, Cultural policy, Socialism. KEYWORDS : Qaddafi, Muammar. Examines the role of Islam in Qaddafi's foreign policy and Libya's cultural institutions. Discusses the political uses of Islam in Libya's African diplomacy. 7126 Rondot, Philippe. "Le Colonel Kadhafi: mythe et réalité." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 207/208 (1983): 9-20. SUBJECTS: Leadership analysis, Revolutionary movement, Democracy, Liberation movement, Arab nations. KEYWORDS: Qaddafi, Muammar; OAU. 7127 St. John, Ronald Bruce. "Ideology of Mu'ammar al-Qadhdhafi: Theory and practice." International Journal of Middle East Studies 15 (1983): 471 -490. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Socialism, Regional integration. KEYWORDS: RCC (Revolution Command Council); Arab nationalism; Third Universal Theory; Qaddafi, Muammar. 7128 St. John, Ronald Bruce. "The determinants of Libyan foreign policy, 1969-1983." The Maghreb Review 8, no. 3/4 (May/August 1983): 96-103. SUBJECTS: International relations, Political independence, Oil industry, Political ideology. KEYWORDS: RCC (Revolution Command Council); political geography. 7129 Sury, Salaheddin Hasan. "The political development of Libya 1952-1969: Institutions, policies and ideology." In: Libya since Independence, edited by J. A. Allan. New York: St. Martin's, 1982. 121-135 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Political system, State politics. KEYWORDS: Arab nationalism.

486 • LIBYA/Politics 7130 Vikor, Knut S. "Al-Sanusi and Qadhafi—Continuity of thought." The Maghreb Review 12, no. 1/2 (January/April 1987): 25-28. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Political development, Islamic society, Religious politics. KEYWORDS: Qaddafi, Muammar. Examines the political ideology of Muammar Qaddafi and the role that Islam plays in that ideology. SEE ALSO 2803,4743, 7662, 8155,14735.

Population

7131 Mehdawi, Mohammed el, and John I. Clarke. "Population redistribution in Libya." In: Redistribution of Population in Africa, edited by John I. Clarke and Leszek A. Kosinski. London: Heinemann, 1982. 68-73 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Population distribution, Population growth, Population density. 7132 Ramachandran, K. V. "Libye." In: L'Evaluation des effectifs de la population des pays africains, vol 2, edited by Groupe de Démographie Africain. Paris: Groupe de Démographie Africain, 1984. 189-204 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Population growth. KEYWORDS: census.

Regionalism/Nationalism

7133 Ataov, Turkkaya. "The United States and Libya." In: Libya: The Vilified Revolution, edited by Themba Sono. Langley Park, Maryland: Progress, 1982. 1-27 pp. ALSO COVERS: Chad. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, Colonialism, Nationalism, Regionalism. KEYWORDS: Qaddafi, Muammar; US-Libya relations; Arab nationalism; Chad-Libya relations; CIA. 7134 Palmer, Monte, and Omar El Fathaly. "The transformation of mass political institutions in revolutionary Libya: Structural solutions to a behavioural problem." In: Social and Economic Development of Libya, edited by E. G. H. Joffe and K. S. McLachlan. Cambridgeshire, UK: Middle East and North African Studies, 1982. 233-253 pp. SUBJECTS: Nationalism, Political system, Nationalist movement. KEYWORDS: Qaddafi, Muammar; ASU (Arab Socialist Union); Libyan Popular Revolution 1973; Nuns of the Revolution. SEE ALSO 8160.

Religion

7135 Joffe, George. "Islamic opposition in Libya." Third World Quarterly 10 (April 1988): 615-631. SUBJECTS: Political opposition, Religious politics, Islamic society. KEYWORDS: Qaddafi, Muammar; Sanusi; Ikhwan. Assesses the role that Islam has played in Libyan politics. Explores the spread of Ikhwan, the Sanusi, and the Islamic Liberation Party as political oppositions to the Libyan government.

SEE ALSO 3325.

Social Movement

7136 Sicker, Martin. The Making of a Pariah State: The Adventurist Politics of Muammar Qaddafi. New York: Praeger, 1987. 140 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Political opposition, Revolutionary movement, Foreign policy, Terrorism. KEYWORDS: Qaddafi, Muammar; USSR-Libya relations; US-Libya relations; RCC (Revolution Command Council); NFSL (National Front for the Salvation of Libya). Gives a historical analysis of the development of the country of Libya from the time of its prerevolutionary period until the present. Outlines its policy toward the US and examines the relationship between Libya and the USSR.

Trade

7137 Flannery, John P. The Undercover Investigation of Robert L. Vesco's Alleged Attempts to Reverse a State Department Ban Preventing the Export of Planes to Libya: Staff Report of the Committee on the Judiciary. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1982. 56 pp. SUBJECTS: Foreign trade, Trade relations, Foreign trade, Arms industry. KEYWORDS: US-Libya relations; Qaddafi, Muammar; US Department of State; Carter, Jimmy. 7138 Khader, Bichara. "Libyan oil and money." In: The Economic Development ofLibya, edited by Bichara Khader and Bashir el-Wifati. London: Croom Helm, 1986.195-212 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Oil industry, Foreign investment, Foreign trade, Export policy, Trade relations. KEYWORDS: foreign oil companies; Libyan Arab Foreign Bank. Provides a general overview of the Libyan economy and its dependence on oil revenues. Analyzes the use of oil revenues to industrialize the country and to create a strong agricultural sector.

Urban Development

7139 Alawar, Mohamed. "Urbanization in Libya—Present state and future prospects." In: Social and Economic Development of Libya, edited by E. G. H. Joffe and K. S. McLachlan. Cambridgeshire, UK: Middle East and North African Studies, 1982. 331-353 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Urban population, Population growth, Ruralurban migration, Urbanization, Economic development. KEYWORDS: Cyrenaica Province, Libya. 7140 Kamara, Sheku G., Najia M. Essayed, and Ahmed M. Shembesh. "Socio-cultural influences on housing in Benghazi." Third World Planning Review 9, no. 1 (February 1987): 65-76. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Urbanization, Demographic analysis, Urban planning policy. KEYWORDS: Tripoli, Libya; Benghazi, Libya; National Committee for Housing. Examines the effect of population and employment trends and sociocultural factors on both housing demand and appropriate

MADAGASCAR/Economics

•

487

provision. Argues that though rural-urban migration patterns affect housing, so do early marriage patterns, extended family ties, and pyramidically shaped populations.

Women and Gender

7141 Kezeri, Saad Khalil. "Re-structuring the urban system in Libya." In: Social and Economic Development of Libya, edited by E. G. H. Joffe and K. S. McLachlan. Cambridgeshire, UK: Middle East and North African Studies, 1982. 355-359 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Urbanization. KEYWORDS: settlements; spatial analysis.

7142 Henderson, Dora. "Libyan women and their place in the revolution." In: Libya: The Vilified Revolution, edited by Themba Sono. Langley Park, Maryland: Progress, 1982. 77-92 pp. SUBJECTS: Women's political role, Women's rights, Colonialism, Revolutionary movement, Education opportunity.

MADAGASCAR Agriculture

tables. SUBJECTS: Food policy, Commercial agriculture, Case study. KEYWORDS: rice; SINPA (Société d'Intérêt National des Produits Agricoles); Antananarivo, Madagascar.

7143 Althabe, Gérard. Oppression et libération dans l'imaginaire: les communautés villageoises de la côte orientale de Madagascar. Paris: François Maspero, 1982. 354 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Food production, Agricultural production, Local government, Cash crop production. KEYWORDS : Tromba people.

SEE ALSO 5, 58, 273, 14956.

7144 Assefa, Mekonnen. Index des documents microfichés par l'équipe CIPEA/CRDI à Madagascar. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: CIEA (Centre International pour l'Elevage en Afrique), 1988. 81 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS : Livestock production, Agricultural production, Environmental degradation, Nutrition, Forestry industry. Presents French bibliographic citations on agricultural production in Madagascar. Includes topics such as livestock production, vegetable production, environmental degradation, animal health, and forestry. 7145 Desjeux, Dominique. "Réforme foncière et civilisation agraire: le cas de Madagascar." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 182/183 (1981): 55-61. SUBJECTS: Land tenure system, Agricultural development, Agricultural production, Land-use policy, Land reform. KEYWORDS: rice. 7146 Fauroux, Emmanuel. "Boefs et pouvoirs: les éleveurs du sudouest et de l'ouest malgaches." Politique africaine no. 34 (June 1989): 63-73. SUBJECTS: Livestock production, Political power, Pastoralism. KEYWORDS: Sakalava people. Addresses the political and territorial expansion of beef herders in Southwest Madagacscar. Examines the expansive forces of these small groups, their power structures, and the relations between the city and countryside. Analyzes three adaptation policies followed by the Sakalava. 7147 Oxby, C., and J. H. A. Boerboom. "Alternatives and improvements to shifting cultivation on the east coast of Madagascar." In: Changes in Shifting Cultivation in Africa: Seven Case Studies, edited by the FAO Forestry Department. Rome, Italy: FAO, 1985. 109-139 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Smallholder agriculture, Food production, Land-use policy. KEYWORDS: FAO; CTFT (Centre Technique Forestier Tropical); Tsaramainandro Project. 7148 Peltre-Wurtz, Jacqueline. "Le Ravitaillement en riz à Madagascar de 1974 à 1984: le cas d'Antananarivo." In: Nourrir les villes en Afrique sub-saharienne, edited by N. Bricas, G. Courade, J. Coussy, and Ph. Hugon. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1985.231-246 pp. biblio,

Colonialism

SEE ALSO 359.

Economics

7149 Brasseul, J., and J. Ramiaramanana. "The limitations of adjustment policies: The case of Madagascar." African Environment 25/28 (1990): 135-151. tables. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: devaluation; IMF. Examines structural adjustment policies in Madagascar to better understand their limits. Describes general IMF policies in Madagascar since 1975 and then considers specific policies such as devaluation, balancing the budget, and economic liberalization. Concludes that IMF policies are inevitably recessionist. 7150 Duruflé, Gilles. "Structural disequilibria and adjustment programmes in Madagascar." In: Structural Adjustment in Africa, edited by Bonnie K. Campbell and John Loxley. Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan, 1989. 169-201 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Economic crisis, Crisis management, Debt crisis, International economic system. KEYWORDS: IMF; World Bank. Draws on historical economic analysis to address the postindependence economic crisis of Madagascar. Examines the adjustment program and the economic reconstruction plan undertaken by the government of Madagascar, the IMF, and the World Bank. 7151 Fontana, Francesco. "Capital and agriculture in the economy of Madagascar." Savings and Development 7, no. 3 (1983): 243-258. tables. SUBJECTS: Credit policy, Agricultural policy, Banking. KEYWORDS: BTM (Bankin' Ny Tantsaha Mpamokatra); BNI (Bankin' Ny Indostria); BFV (Banky Fampandrosoana Ny Varotraa). 7152 Hugon, Philippe. "La Crise économique à Madagascar." Afrique contemporaine 144 (October/December 1987): 3-22. biblio,

488

•

MADAGASCAR/Economics

tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Political economy studies, Economic crisis, Commodity production, Economic system, Capital accumulation. Discusses Madagascar's economic crisis, attributing it to weak capital accumulation over a long period of time, as well as other forces. 7153 Hugon, Philippe. "La Crise économique à Madagascar et l'intervention du Fonds Monétaire International." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 20, no. 2 (1986): 182-218. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic crisis, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: IMF. Evaluates criticisms of structural adjustment, including criticisms of its macroeconomic model, its internal efficiency, and its efficacy given the external environment. Analyzes the IMF's involvement in Madagascar's structural adjustment program. 7154 Hugon, Philippe. "The impact of adjustment policy in Madagascar." Institute of Development Studies Bulletin 19, no. 1 (January 1988): 43-50. tables. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: IMF. Examines the effectiveness and relevance of structural adjustment policies in Madagascar. Notes the recessionary effects of deflation and the problems caused by price changes. 7155 Pryor, Frederic L. Income Distribution and Economic Development in Madagascar: Some Historical Statistics. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1988.76 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Land-use policy, Labor force, Income distribution, Monetary policy, Government economic management, Balance of payments. Provides economic statistics from Madagascar for the 1950s through 1986. Includes statistics regarding land use, population, the labor force, agriculture, manufacturing, national accounts, foreign trade, exchange rates, wages, income distribution, education and health, and finance. 7156 Rabetafika, Roger. Réforme fiscale et révolution socialiste à Madagascar. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1990. 189 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Fiscal policy, Crisis management, Finance policy, Economic policy, Budget policy, National planning policy. Addresses the fiscal policy and reform undertaken by the government of Madagascar in 1977. Examines the politial, social, economic, and financial environment of such a policy, as well as the causes of its failure in relation to the overall Madagascan economic development policy. 7157 Ramahatra, Olivier. "Economie souterraine, endettement et finances publiques à Madagascar." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 13, no. 3 (1988): 45-56. SUBJECTS: Informal sector, Debt financing, Debt crisis, Economic crisis, State intervention. KEYWORDS: parallel economy; small-scale industry. Argues that as the formal production system weakens, people flock to secondary economic systems to accumulate wealth. Concludes that the economic controls of the state tend to shrink therefore and that the volume of the underground economy increases, becoming more and more central and ensuring the development of small industries. 7158 Ramahatra, Olivier. Madagascar: une économie en phase d'ajustement. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1989. 287 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Structural adjustment, Monetary policy, Balance of payments, Agricultural economics, Budget policy. KEYWORDS: IMF. Addresses the structural adjustment problem of the Madagascan economy. Analyzes, highlights, and criticizes the economic programs proposed by the IMF for the economic development of Madagascar.

SEE ALSO 606, 4907, 7225, 7227, 12908, 12911.

Education

7159 Rajaoson, François. L'Enseignement supérieur et le devenir de la société malgache: la dialectique université. Antananarivo, Madagascar: Université de Madagascar, 1985. 325 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Higher education, Political development, Education policy, Colonialism, Neocolonialism. KEYWORDS: RND (Révolution Nationale Démocratique).

Foreign Relations

7160 Rabenoro, Césaire. Les Relations extérieures de Madagascar de 1960 à 1972. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1986. 355 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: International relations, Political development, Economic development, Decolonization, Foreign aid, Superpower politics, Strategic policy. KEYWORDS: Kianja, Madagascar. Suggests that Madagascar, due to its large size and its position in the Indian Ocean, holds a strategic position in global politics. Examines the role that the superpowers played in Madagascar during the 1960s under the First Republic. 7161 Ratsiraka, Didier. Stratégies pour l'an 2000: du Tiers-Monde à la troisième puissance mondiale. Paris: Editions Afrique, Asie, Amérique Latine, 1983. 217 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: North-South relations, Nonaligned nation, Foreign policy, Marxist analysis, Neocolonialism. KEYWORDS: New International Economic Order.

General

7162 Battistini, René, and Jean-Michel Hoerner. Géographie de Madagascar. Paris: EDICEF, 1986. 187 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Geographical analysis, Water supply, Population distribution, Rural development, Agricultural production, Economic analysis, Fishing industry. KEYWORDS: rice; regional inequality; lumber. Analyzes the geography of Madagascar in the context of development. Discusses natural conditions and how they aid and impede the country ' s development process. Examines the impact of governmental economic policy. 7163 Chaigneau, Pascal. "Politique et Franc-maçonnerie dans le Tiers-Monde: l'exemple révélateur de Madagascar." L'Afrique et l'Asie modernes 145 (1985): 10-18. SUBJECTS: Socialist government, Religion. KEYWORDS: USSR-Madagascar relations. 7164 C l a r y , Pierre. "A la Recherche d ' u n non-alignement économique." In: Stratégies pour l'an 2000: du Tiers-Monde à la troisième puissance mondiale, edited by Didier Ratsiraka. Paris: Editions Afrique, Asie, Amérique Latine, 1983. 53-67 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Nonaligned nation, Economic development. KEYWORDS: New International Economic Order. 7165 Gozo, K. M. Le Secteur non structuré d'Antananarivo:

analyse

MADAGASCAR/General

typologique, facteurs de blocage et perspectives de promotion des activités du bois, construction métallique, garages et réparations. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Bureau International du Travail, 1985. 175 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Informal sector, Urban planning policy, Employment, Management, Economic development, Income distribution. KEYWORDS: ILO; CENAM (Centre National de l'Artisanat Malgache); CETA (Centre Economique et Technique de 1'Artisanant); woodworkers; mechanics. 7166 Hugon, Philippe. "Le Développement des petites activités à Antananarivo: l'exemple d'un processus évolutif." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 16, no. 2 (1982): 293-312. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Transportation system, Small business. KEYWORDS: nonmechanized transport; crafts; Antananarivo, Madagascar. 7167 International Labour Office, and PECTA, eds. Politiques de développement rural en Afrique: impacts sur l'emploi et les revenus: cas de Madagascar. Vol. 2 of 2. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: ILO, PECTA, 1985. 139 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Rural development, E m p l o y m e n t , D e v e l o p m e n t policy, I n c o m e d i s t r i b u t i o n . KEYWORDS : PECTA (Programme des Emplois et des Compétences Techniques pour l'Afrique); ILO. 7168 Ministère de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique pour le Developpment, ed. Séminaire national de réflexion sur la politique en sciences sociales. 3 Vols. Antananarivo, Madagascar: Ministère de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique pour le Développement, 1987. 619 pp. SUBJECTS: Anthropological analysis, Research methodology, Traditional society, Peasant society, Technological development, Food production, Demographic analysis. KEYWORDS: social science discipline; Tanala people; Sakalava people; oral tradition; deforestation. Presents papers on the importance of the social sciences in policy formation in Madagascar. Includes research methodology and specific case studies of ethnic groups. Addresses the issues that form or affect the well-being of society in Madagascar, including history, health, education, agriculture, and religion. 7169 Mosca, Liliana. "The ethnic element and national integration in the Malagasy Republic." African Studies Association Papers 29, no. 66 (October/November 1986): 1-27. SUBJECTS: Ethnicity, National integration, Decolonization, Constitution, Political development. KEYWORDS: France-Madagascar relations. Addresses Madagascar's history of human rights and ethnic diversity since independence. Contends that the country has a sound policy of equality and a strong basis of ancestral unity, which overcome internal ethnic conflicts. Claims the nation has remained linguistically and culturally unified. 7170 Nicolai, André, and Claude Origet. "Electricité et eaux de Madagascar: un service public dans un contexte colonial au service d'une entreprise." In: Actes du Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique: XIX et XX siècles, volume 1, edited by Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique: XIX et XX siècles. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1983. 443-461 pp. SUBJECTS: Water supply, Colonialism, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: electricity; public services; EEM (Electricité et Eaux de Madagascar). 7171 Rabearimanana, L u c i l e . " T a n a n a r i v e après 1945: développement des quartiers populaires et luttes contre la colonisation." In: Processus d'urbanisation en Afrique, volume 2, edited by Catherine Coquery-Vidrovitch. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1988. 46-58 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Urban growth, Rural-urban migration, Labor union. KEYWORDS: Antananarivo, Madagascar. Studies the development of popular city sections and the struggle against colonization in Madagascar. Analyzes the rural exodus and the

•

489

growth of Antananarivo in the 1950s. Examines the city's position as a center for the union and for the political struggles for independence. 7172 Rabearimanana, Lucile. "Une Entreprise coloniale d'après la Seconde Guerre Mondiale à Madagascar: La Société Sucrière de la Mahavavy." In: Actes du Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique: XIX et XX siècles, volume 2, edited by Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique, XIX et XX siècles. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1983.535-551 pp. SUBJECTS: Industrial development, International market, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: sugar; SOSUMAV (Société Sucrière de la Mahavavy). 7173 Raison-Jourde, Françoise. "Quand la culture d'élite devient culture populaire: cent ans de rapports de force linguistique en Imerina." In: Dialoguer avec le léopard?, edited by Bogumil Hewsiewicki and Henri Moniot. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1988. 74-107 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Language policy, Arts, Elite analysis, Colonialism, Christianity. KEYWORDS: missionaries. Discusses the historical development of language and language policy in Madagascar. Claims that social cleavages have accompanied language instruction in the form of Christians versus other groups. 7174 Rajoelina, Patrick, and Alain Ramelet. Madagascar, la grande île. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1989. 329 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Geographical analysis, Historical analysis, Traditional society, Demographic analysis, Political system, Natural resource management, Economic system. KEYWORDS: Ratsiraka, Didier; FMG (franc malgache). Presents a multidisciplinary approach to Madagascar through an analysis of its geography, history, and traditional society. Examines the political system after independence and financial and economic development, as well as the demographic problems of the developing island. 7175 Ralambondrainy-Rakotobe, Nelly. "Les Salariés protégés à Madagascar." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 43, no. 3/4 (July/October 1989): 487-508. SUBJECTS: Civil rights, Labor policy, Private sector. KEYWORDS: workers' rights; Madagascar Labor Code. Examines Madagascan salaried workers' rights as provided by Article 120 of the Labor Code. Covers unreasonable worker dismissal, extent of protection, effects of administrative decisions, and the legal means by which salaried employees can resist. 7176 Ramamonjisoa, Joselyne. "Les Expériences malgaches dans le domaine des aménagements rizicoles." In: Les Politiques de l'eau en Afrique: développement agricole et participation paysanne, edited by Gérard Conac, Claudette Savonnet-Guyot, and Françoise Conac. Paris: Economica, 1985. 399-408 pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural technology, Water supply, Peasant society, Irrigation. KEYWORDS: rice; SOMALAC (Société Malgache d'Aménagement du Lac Alaotra); traditional agriculture. 7177 R a m a n i t r a , V i c t o r . " C o u p d ' é t a t m a n q u é , riche d'enseignements pour la République démocratique de Madagascar." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 37, no. 1/2 (January/March 1983): 194-212. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Coup d'état, Political instability. KEYWORDS: regional destabilization. 7178 Ravaloson, Jaona. "Madagascar: le socialisme aux calendres grecques." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 215/216 (1984): 137-144. SUBJECTS: Socialist government, Economic development. KEYWORDS: Ratsiraka, Didier; IMF. SEE ALSO 1997, 5013, 7460.

490 •

MADAGASCAR/General

Human/Civil Rights

Planning and Development

7179 Deleris, Ferdinand. Ratsiraka: Socialisme et misère à Madagascar. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1986. 135 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Socialist government, Nationalism, Socialist economy, Human rights, Political repression. KEYWORDS: Charter of the Malagasy Socialist Revolution; Madagascar Constitution 1975; Ratsiraka, Didier; Tsiranana, Philibert. Examines the evolution of socialist government in Madagascar. Emphasizes the narrow conjunction between socialism and nationalism. Labels socialist policies in Madagascar disastrous because of economic deterioration, popular misery, disrespect for human rights, and growing foreign dependence.

SEE ALSO 2562, 2563.

Legal System

7180 Randrianahinoro, Sylvain. "Les Tribunaux spéciaux économiques à Madagascar." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique no. 801 (August/December 1989): 508-516. SUBJECTS: Economic system, Judicial system, Legal system. KEYWORDS: economic tribunal; common law. Examines special economic tribunals in Madagascar. Analyzes the jurisdiction and authority of such courts in case of economic delinquence and the influence of common law on such tribunals. 7181 Ravelona, Rajaona Andrianaivo. "La Jurisprudence de la Chambre Administrative de la Cour Suprême en 1987." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique no. 799 (January/April 1989): 65-102. tables. SUBJECTS: Legal system, Judicial system, Law. KEYWORDS: Supreme Court; Chambre Administrative de la Cour Suprême. Reviews the jurisdictional and jurisprudential activities of the Administrative Chamber of the Supreme Court of Madagascar in 1987.

Media and Culture

7182 Ratsimandrava, Juliette. "Valorisation del'1ST à Madagascar: le cas du CIDST." Afrique contemporaine 151, no. 3 (1989): 76-82. SUBJECTS: Mass media, Mass communication. KEYWORDS: information systems; CIDST (Centre d'Information et de Documentation Scientifique et Technique). Explores the various functions and divisions of CIDST in Madagascar. Includes analyses of the acquisitions department, information treatment department, data bank department, user service department, and publication department. Examines user training as well. SEE ALSO 2335.

Military Affairs

SEE ALSO 2462.

Politics

7183 Bedjaoui, Mohammed. "L'Interpellation permanente." In: Stratégies pour l'an 2000: du Tiers-Monde à la troisième puissance mondiale, edited by Didier Ratsiraka. Paris: Editions Afrique, Asie, Amérique Latine, 1983. 23-40 pp. SUBJECTS: Geopolitics, Decolonization, Political development, Marxist analysis. 7184 Cadoux, Charles. "Les Elections générales de 1982-1983 à Madagascar." Année africaine (1983): 67-85. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Elections, Local government. KEYWORDS: Madagascar elections 1983; AREMA (Avant-garde de la Révolution Malgache). 7185 Chaigneau, Pascal. "L'Expérience des coopératives socialistes à Madagascar." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique 96, no. 791 (July/October 1986): 271-286. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Socialist government, Agricultural production. KEYWORDS: KPSV (Coopératives d'Approvisionnement et de Commerce). Examines the role of cooperatives in Madagascar. Suggests that Madagascar's socialist policies regarding cooperatives have contributed to its relative economic failure. 7186 Chaigneau, Pascal. "Madagascar: crise économique et vicissitudes politiques." L'Afrique et l'Asie modernes 138 (1983): 12-25. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Socialist government, Economic development. KEYWORDS: pluralism; AREMA (Avant-garde de la Révolution Malgache); MONIMA (Mouvement National pour l'Indépendance de Madagascar). 7187 Chaigneau, Pascal. Rivaltés politiques et socialisme à Madagascar. Paris: CHEAM (Centre des Hautes Etudes sur l'Afrique etl' Asie Modernes), 1985.263 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Socialist government, Political parties, Government analysis, Ethnic politics, Coup d'état. KEYWORDS: Madagascar First Republic; PSD (Parti Social D é m o c r a t e ) ; U S S R - M a d a g a s c a r relations; AKFM (Antokon'ny Kongresin'ny Fahaleovantenan'i Madagasikara). 7188 Co veil, Maureen. Madagascar: Politics, Economics and Society. London: Frances Pinter Limited, 1987. 187 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Political development, Geographical analysis, Historical analysis, Economic policy, Foreign policy, Marxist analysis. KEYWORDS: Madagascar First Republic. Places political development in Madagascar in a Marxist context. Examines the historical and political backgrounds of Madagascan government. Assesses the political system, social structure, economic policy, and foreign policy of the state. 7189 du Bois de Gaudusson, Jean. "Madagascar: A case of revolutionary pragmatism." In: Military Marxist Regimes in Africa, edited by John Markakis and Michael Waller. London: Frank Cass,1986. 100-121 pp. SUBJECTS: Military government. KEYWORDS: AKFM (Antokon'ny Kongresin'ny Fahaleovantenan'i Madagasikara); AREMA (Avant-garde de la Révolution Malgache); Ratsiraka, Didier.

MADAGASCAR/Rural Development • 491 Outlines the history of the Madagascan military regime since 1975. Discusses the programs of socialism implemented in the 1980s and the recent increased opposition to the government. Concludes that the present government will survive only if it changes its form. 7190 Escaro, Alain. "Les Militaires et le pouvoir politique à Madagascar de 1960-1975." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 211/212 (1983): 48-53. SUBJECTS: Political power, Armed forces, Military government. KEYWORDS: Tsiranana, Philibert; Tamanantsoa; Ratsiraka, Didier; civil-military relations. 7191 Jouffrey, Roger. "Didier Ratsiraka et le socialisme malgache." Afrique contemporaine 115 (May/June 1981): 6-12. SUBJECTS: Nationalism, Leadership analysis, Socialism, State government. KEYWORDS: Ratsiraka, Didier; Parti Socialiste Malgache. 7192 Mara, Armand. Le Ratsirakisme, un défi. Antananarivo, Madagascar: CNAPMAD, 1986. 157 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Biography, Leadership analysis, Policy analysis, Personalized leadership, Socialist government. KEYWORDS : Ratsiraka, Didier; FNDR (Front National pour la Défense de la Révolution). Analyzes the leadership and policies of President Didier Ratsiraka in Madagascar. Traces his rule from June 15, 1975—when he became head of state—until October 1985. Includes a chronology of diplomatic initiatives and policy benchmarks. 7193 Moine, Jacques. "Madagascar: difficultés pour le Président Ratsiraka." L'Afrique et l'Asie modernes no. 129 (1981): 42-52. SUBJECTS: Political instability, Personalized leadership, Student protest, Trade union, Religion. KEYWORDS: Ratsiraka, Didier; AKFM (Antokon'ny Kongresin'ny Fahaleovantenan'i Madagasikara); USSR-Madagascar relations; France-Madagascar relations. Analyzes the difficulties and unrest encountered by the government and the "socialist" policies of President Ratsiraka in Madagascar. Examines the failure of Ratsiraka's brand of socialism in the area of fostering equal access to basic opportunities. 7194 Mukonoweshuro, Eliphas G. "State 'resilience' and chronic political instability in Madagascar." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 24, no. 3 (1990): 376-398. SUBJECTS: State power, Political instability, Economic crisis, Student protest. KEYWORDS: AREMA (Avant-garde de la Révolution Malgache); FNDR (Front National pour la Défense de la Révolution). Examines the resilience of the Ratsiraka regime in spite of the impending economic crisis in Madagascar. Covers the political strategies with which the regime has protected itself against the potentially negative impact of a fragile economy. Includes analyses of struggles between student groups and government factions. SEE ALSO 4012.

Population

7195 Rabetsitonta, Tovonanahary A. "Madagascar." In: L'Evaluation des effectifs de la population des pays africains, vol. 1, edited by Groupe Démographie Africain. Paris: Groupe Démographie Africain, 1982. 121-155 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Population growth, Research methodology.

KEYWORDS: census.

Private Sector

7196 Gozo, K. M. Le Secteur non-structuré urbain d'Antananarivo: nouvelles priorités sectorielles. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: International Labour Office, 1985. 175 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Informal sector, Small business, Labor force, Capital accumulation, Urban development. KEYWORDS: Antananarivo, Madagascar. 7197 Hugon, Philippe. "Le Développement des petites entreprises à Antananarivo: l'exemple d'un processus involutif." In: Actes du Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique: XIX et XX siècles, volume 2, edited by Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique, XIX et XX siècles. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1983. 401-420 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Small business, Informal sector, Industrial development, Transportation system. KEYWORDS: artisans; nonmechanized transport.

Religion

7198 Comte, Yves. "L'Islam à Madagascar." Sociétés africaines, monde arabe et culture islamique 2 (February 1983): 253-272. maps. SUBJECTS: Religion, Islamic society.

Rural Development

7199 Blanc-Pamard, Chantai. "Communautés rurales des hautes terres malgaches et gestion de l'eau." In: Les Politiques de l'eau en Afrique: développement agricole et participation paysanne, edited by Gérard Conac, Claudette Savonnet-Guyot, and Françoise Conac. Paris: Economica, 1985.421-442 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Water supply, Rural development, Irrigation, Peasant society, Case study. KEYWORDS: Antanetibe Plain, Madagascar; Mahitsy Region, Madagascar; rice. 7200 Blanc-Pamard, Chantai. "Systèmes de production paysans et modèle rizicole intensif: deux systèmes en décalage: l'exemple des riziculteurs de la SOMALAC sur les Hautes Terres centrales de Madagascar." Cahiers des sciences humaines 23, no. 3/4 (1987): 507-531. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Agricultural development, Agricultural production, Peasant society. KEYWORDS: SOMALAC (Société Malgache d'Aménagement du Lac Alaotra); rice; cropping system; Lake Alaotra, Madagascar. Discusses the SOMALAC scheme that concentrates on intensive rice growing to the detriment of other cropping systems. Analyzes farming systems to show that, according to cropping patterns, rice growing does not always have the same importance. 7201 Pauvageau, Jean. Jeunes paysans sans terres: l'exemple malgache. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1981. 203 pp. SUBJECTS: Peasant society, Social stratification, Village development, Political ideology.

492

• MADAGASCAR/Rural Development

KEYWORDS: landless peasants.

Trade

7202 Rakoto Ramiarantsoa, Hervé. "Développement à contre-sens: un aménagement hydro-agricole qui n'a pas donné les résultats escomptés. Localisation et caractères du secteur étudié." In: Les Politiques de l'eau en Afrique: développement agricole et participation paysanne, edited by Gérard Conac, Claudette Savonnet-Guyot, and Françoise Conac. Paris: Economica, 1985. 409-420 pp. biblio, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural technology, Irrigation, Peasant society, Rural planning policy, Case study. KEYWORDS: Alaotra Lake, Madagascar; SOMALAC (Société Malgache d'Aménagement du Lac Alaotra).

7203 Esoavelomandroso, Faranirina. "Un Marchand de produits à Tananarive dans les années 1930." In: Actes du Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique: XIX et XX siècles, volume 1, edited by Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique, XIX et XX siècles. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1983. 221-233 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Marketing, Commercial sector, Trade relations, Entrepreneurship. KEYWORDS: Antananarivo, Madagascar.

Socioeconomic Analysis

Urban Development

SEE ALSO 6719.

SEE ALSO 3509.

MALAWI Agriculture

agricultural prices in order to increase smallholder returns and improve incentives for production and diversification. Analyzes market liberalization and food security in the smallholder sector.

7204 Chipande, Graham H. R. Labour Availability and Smallholder Agricultural Development: The Case of Lilongwe Land Development Programme (LLDP) (Malawi). Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1983.78 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Smallholder agriculture, Agricultural labor, Labor market. KEYWORDS: Lilongwe Land Development Programme; tobacco; maize.

7209 Kaunda, Jonathan Mayuyuka. "Agricultural credit policy, bureaucratic decision-making and the subordination of rural women in the development process: Some observations on the Kawinga Project, Malawi." Journal of Southern African Studies 16, no. 3 (September 1990): 413-430. tables. SUBJECTS: Women and development, Rural development, Credit policy, Agricultural sector, Case study, Smallholder agriculture. KEYWORDS: Kawinga Rural Development Program; Liwonde Agricultural Development Division; National Rural Development Program. Provides an overview of the recent rural development strategies undertaken in Malawi. Argues that the government's focus on commercial agriculture and government bureaucracy have not adequately considered women's needs and consequently have served to reproduce and perpetuate women's subordination.

7205 Dey, Jennie. "Structural change in Malawi since independence: Consequences of a development strategy based on large-scale agriculture." World Development 10, no. 5 (May 1982): 377-396. tables. SUBJECTS: Socioeconomic analysis, Labor migration, Land tenure system, Division of labor, Irrigation, Women and development, Farming system. KEYWORDS: World Bank. 7206 Ghai, Dharam, and Samir Radwan. "Growth and inequality: Rural development in Malawi, 1964-78." In: Agrarian Policies and Rural Poverty in Africa, edited by Dharam Ghai and Samir Radwan. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1983. 71-98 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Land distribution, Economic growth rate, Employment, Labor migration, Agricultural economics, Smallholder agriculture, Income distribution. 7207 Hirschmann, David, and Megan Vaughan. "Food production and income generation in a matrilineal society: Rural women in Zomba, Malawi." Journal of Southern African Studies 10, no. 1 (October 1983): 86-99. SUBJECTS: Food production, Women's economic role, Household economy, Land tenure system. KEYWORDS: Zomba District, Malawi; matrilineal system. 7208 Kandoole, B„ B. Kaluwa, and S. Buccola. "Market liberalisation and food security in Malawi." In: Southern Africa: Food Security Policy Options, edited by Mandivamba Rukini and Richard H. Bernstein. Harare, Zimbabwe: University of Zimbabwe, 1988. 101122 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Price policy, Marketing boards, Smallholder agriculture. KEYWORDS: economic liberalization; ADMARC (Agricultural Development and Marketing Corporation). Discusses the government's emphasis on smallholder food production and the steps taken to improve the methods of setting

7210 Kinsey, Bill. Growth, Equity and Integrated Rural Development in Malawi: Selected Lessonsfrom a Decade and a Half of Project Experience. Norwich, UK: University of East Anglia, 1983. 22 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Integrated rural development, Agricultural sector, Smallholder agriculture. KEYWORDS: Lilongwe Land Development Programme; World Bank. 7211 Kydd, Jonathan. "Malawi's export crop boom: A reappraisal." Institute ofDevelopment Studies Bulletin 19, no. 2 (April 1988): 71-80. tables. SUBJECTS: Cash crop production, Agricultural policy, Migration. KEYWORDS: tobacco. Considers whether there were alternatives to the government's agricultural policies. Argues that the successful growth that Malawi experienced during the 1970s was led by export agriculture but failed to improve farmer's income. Attributes that result in part to land distribution, migration, and the global economic environment. 7212 Liebenow, J. Gus. "Food self-sufficiency in Malawi: Are successes transferable?" In: Drought and Hunger in Africa: Denying Famine a Future, edited by Michael H. Glantz. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1987. 369-392 pp. SUBJECTS: Smallholder agriculture, Agricultural development, Land-use policy. KEYWORDS: SADCC; ADMARC (Agricultural Development and

MALAWI/Economics

Marketing Corporation); food self-sufficiency. Discusses how Malawi has managed to avoid an agrarian crisis of the magnitude that exists in many other African countries. Suggests that there are lessons for combating African drought and hunger within Africa itself. 7213 Livingstone, Ian. "Agricultural development strategy and agricultural pricing policy in Malawi." In: Marketing Boards in Tropical Africa, edited by Kwame Arhin, Paul Hesp, and Laurens van der Laan. Boston, Massachusetts: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1985. 169192 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Plantation economy, Agricultural development, Government economic management. KEYWORDS: Kydd-Christiansen argument; Lilongwe Land Development Programme; Farmers' Marketing Board; ADMARC (Agricultural Development and Marketing Corporation). 7214 Mkandawire, R. Mulomboji. "Customary land, the state and agrarian change in Malawi." Journal of Contemporary African Studies 3, no. 1/2 (October 1983/April 1984): 109-128. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Land tenure system, Land distribution. KEYWORDS : Lilongwe Land Development Programme; matrilineal system. 7215 Pryor, Frederic L., and Chinyamata Chipeta. "Economic development through estate agriculture: The case of Malawi." Canadian Journal of African Studies!Revue canadienne des études africaines 24, no. 1 (1990): 50-74. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Agricultural production, Plantation economy. KEYWORDS: ADMARC (Agricultural Development and Marketing Corporation). Presents a case study of the impact of plantation agriculture on economic development and income distribution in Malawi. Discusses the history of the plantation sector, its mode of growth, the characteristics of landlords, and landlords' major problems. Studies the limited data available to evaluate the positive and negative impacts of large plantations on Malawi's economy. 7216 Schaefer-Kehnert, Walter, and John D. Von Pischke. "Agricultural credit policy in developing countries." Savings and Development 10, no. 1 (1986): 5-29. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Ethiopia. SUBJECTS: Agricultural policy, Credit policy, Financial system, Agricultural cooperatives, Self-help. Addresses the agricultural credit policy of several African governments and their commercial banks. Explores the role of credit and farmers' self-help cooperatives in stimulating smallholder agriculture in Malawi. Describes the credit instruments of the state. 7217 Segal, Marcia Texler. "Women as progressive farmers: A Malawi example." African Studies Association Papers 29, no. 89 (October/November 1986): 1-19. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Livestock production, Women's studies, Sex role, Rural development, Agricultural sector, Women's economic role, Smallholder agriculture. Reveals women's roles in economic development in Malawi. States that Malawi women have traditionally carried the burden of farming and agricultural production at both subsistence and commercial levels. 7218 Spring, Anita. "Putting women in the development agenda." In: Anthropology of Development and Change in East Africa, edited by Peter Little and David Brokensha. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1988. 13-42 pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Smallholder agriculture, Women and development, Agricultural extension service, Agricultural policy. KEYWORDS: WIADP (Women in Agricultural Development Project); USAID; Malawi Ministry of Agriculture. Describes an agricultural development project focusing on women in rural Malawi. Uses data collected with the intent of showing the importance of women to smallholder agriculture and the degree to which this is ignored in policy-making. Illustrates new ways of quan-

•

493

tifying farm women's activities and using for policy applications the data gathered. 7219 Spring, Anita. "Women in Agricultural Development Project (WIADP) in Malawi: Making gender free development work." African Studies Association Papers 27, no. 101 (October 1984): 1-24. tables. SUBJECTS: Cash crop production, Women's studies, Division of labor, Agricultural production, Agricultural extension service, Smallholder agriculture, Agricultural labor. KEYWORDS: femaleheaded households; WIADP (Women in Agricultural Development Project). 7220 Texler Segal, Marcia. "Land and labor: A comparison of female- and male-headed households in Malawi's small-sector." African Studies Association Papers 28, no. 112 (November 1985): 1-16. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Smallholder agriculture, Agricultural production, Subsistence economy, Division of labor, Women's studies, Income inequality. KEYWORDS: self-employment. 7221 Vaughan, Megan. "Household units and historical process in southern Malawi." Review of African Political Economy 34 (December 1985): 35-45. SUBJECTS: Cash crop production, Sex discrimination, Resource distribution, Labor migration, Economic dependency, Livestock production, Household e c o n o m y . K E Y W O R D S : matrilineal system; cotton. SEE ALSO 13, 128, 14046, 14934, 15746.

Colonialism

7222 Gann, L. H. "Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe." In: Politics and Government in African States 1980-1985, edited by Peter Duignan and Robert H. Jackson. London: Croom Helm, 1986. 162-201 pp. ALSO COVERS: Zambia, Zimbabwe. SUBJECTS: Decolonization, Public administration, Historical analysis, Political d e v e l o p m e n t , Colonialism. KEYWORDS: Unilateral Declaration of Independence 1965. Examines the postcolonial history of three British colonies, their shared heritage, and the lasting effects of that history. Discusses the performance of the independent nations and searches for the factors that differentiate them.

Economics

7223 Kydd, J., and A. Hewitt. "Effectiveness of structural adjustment lending: Initial evidence from Malawi." World Development 14, no. 3 (March 1986): 347-365. tables. SUBJECTS: Primary education, Structural adjustment, Resource distribution, Balance of payments, Agricultural production, Economic policy, Public sector. Proposes that the greatest potential for the effectiveness of new World Bank programs lies with governments that demonstrate shared ideals in their approach to economic adjustment and policy reform. Analyzes balance-of-payments difficulties and economic deterioration beginning in 1980. 7224 Kydd, Jonathan. "Policy reform and adjustment in an economy under siege: Malawi 1980-87." Institute of Development Studies Bulletin 19, no. 1 (January 1988): 31-41. tables. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: IMF; loan conditionality. Discusses the policy loans Malawi has received from the IMF.

4 9 4 • MALAWI/Economics

Describes what makes adjustment in the Malawian case unique. 7225 Pryor, Frederic L. "Changes in income distribution in poor agricultural nations: Malawi and Madagascar." Economic Development and Cultural Change 39, no. 1 (October 1990): 23-45. tables. ALSO COVERS: Madagascar. SUBJECTS: Income distribution, Capitalist development, Socialist development, Government economic management, Poverty, Economic growth rate. Examines the data on income distribution in capitalist Malawi and Marxist Madagascar and the policies underlying the disparity. Describes both countries as poverty stricken despite differences in distribution. Notes the narrowing of the differences between urban and rural incomes. 7226 Pryor, Frederic L. Income Distribution and Economic Development in Malawi. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1988. 83 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Income distribution, Government economic management, Statistical analysis. Presents a database for the Malawi economy, drawing on official and unofficial publications of the Malawi government and on World Bank reports. Covers the period from the 1950s through 1986. 7227 Pryor, Frederic L. The Political Economy of Poverty, Equity, and Growth: Malawi and Madagascar. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990. 470 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Madagascar. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Poverty, Income distribution, Economic history, Political economy studies, Statistical analysis. Evaluates the economic history of Malawi and Madagascar and the processes that produced different levels of affluence and patterns of distribution. Claims to be the first full-length economic treatment of these countries. Provides a synthesis of previously inaccessible statistics. 7228 Thimm, Heinz-Ulrich, ed. Project Performance of IRDProgrammes in Sierra Leone and Malawi. Hamburg, West Germany: Verlag Weltarchiv, 1986. 179 pp. tables, maps, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Sierra Leone. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Agricultural development, Credit policy, Rural development, Centralized authority, Integrated rural development. KEYWORDS: Eastern Province Agricultural Development Project; IDA (International Development Association); Eastern Province, Sierra Leone; Lilongwe Land Development Programme. Consists of three studies focusing on practical problem areas in Malawi and Sierra Leone that try to accelerate their process of development through integrated rural development programs.

system, Historical analysis, Leadership analysis, Education policy. KEYWORDS: Nyasaland National Teachers Association; Teachers Union of Malawi; Phelps-Stokes Commission; missionaries; Malawi Ministry of Education. 7231 Hirschmann, David. "Bureaucracy and rural women: Illustrations from Malawi." African Studies Association Papers 26, no. 66 (December 1983): 1-18. SUBJECTS: Education policy, Women's studies, Education opportunity, Economic inequality, Technical training, Civil service. KEYWORDS: rural women; patriarchy. 7232 Hirschmann, David. "Bureaucracy and rural women: Illustrations from Malawi." Rural Africana no. 21 (Winter 1985): 51-63. tables. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Women's studies, Education opportunity, Economic inequality, Technical training, Civil service, Education policy. KEYWORDS: rural women; patriarchy. 7233 Hirschmann, David. Bureaucracy and Rural Women: Illustrations from Malawi. East Lansing, Michigan: Women in International Development, Michigan State University, 1984. 28 pp. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Women's economic role, Education opportunity, Economic inequality, Technical training, Civil service, Education policy. KEYWORDS: rural women; patriarchy. 7234 Salamba, Grace I. A Comparative Study of the Low and High Achievement among Pupils in Rural and Urban Schools in Malawi. Nairobi, Kenya: African Curriculum Organization Project, 1983. 77 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Education system, Rural-urban relations, Secondary education, Administration. KEYWORDS: Malawi Ministry of Education. SEE ALSO 15832.

Environment

SEE ALSO 16173.

Foreign Relations

7229 Witulski, Udo. "Crafts and small enterprises in the economic periphery of Malawi." Africalnsight 16, no. 3 (1986): 149-156. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Employment opportunity, Labor force, Capital formation, Education policy, Infrastructure. KEYWORDS: crafts; Kawinga Region, Malawi. Focuses on the effects of craft production and trading in Kawinga in southeastern Malawi. Suggests that a large number of Malawians, especially from the rural peasantry, have entered into such enterprises. Explores the limits of as well as the opportunities afforded in craft production.

7235 Hedges, David. "Notes on Malawi-Mozambique relations, 1961-1987." Journal of Southern African Studies 15, no. 4 (October 1989): 617-644. ALSO COVERS: Mozambique. SUBJECTS: Diplomatic relations, International relations, Regional conflict. KEYWORDS: SADCC; Banda, Hastings Kamuzu; MCP (Malawi Congress Party); Mozambique-Malawi relations. Notes Malawi's role as a conduit for RSA troops to fight against Mozambique and SADCC. Describes the history of Malawi's policy toward Mozambique and the frontline states. States that efforts are still in process to separate Malawi from RSA actions against Mozambique.

SEE ALSO 480, 589, 780, 7443, 16151.

7236 Hewitt, Adrian. Malawi's First Eight Years of Co-operation with the EEC: The Results of the Lomé Conventions. London: Overseas Development Institute, 1983. 68 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Export policy, Foreign aid, International economic relations. KEYWORDS: EEC; SEDOM (Small Scale Enterprise Development Organisation of Malawi) ; MEPC (Malawi Export Promotion Council) ; Lomé conventions.

Education

7230 Banda, Kelvin N. A Brief History of Education in Malawi. Blantyre, Malawi: Dzuka, 1982. 154 pp. SUBJECTS: Education

7237 Hewitt, Adrian, and Jonathan Kydd. "Malawi: Making effective use of aid resources." Institute of Development Studies Bulletin

MALAWI/General • 4 9 5 17, no. 2 (April 1986): 77-84. SUBJECTS: Foreign aid, Technical assistance. KEYWORDS: donor agency. Explores Malawi's relationship with aid donors. Considers both project interventions and multilateral assistance. Argues that Malawi has too many donors.

economy, Agricultural technology. KEYWORDS: tea; biotechnology. Demonstrates that the use of biotechnology in the tea industry can increase labor intensity per unit of land due to increased labor use in the nursery, in planting, and in pruning. Notes a significant change in the structure of employment.

7238 Jennings, Anthony. "Measures to assist the least developed countries: The case of Malawi." World Development 14, no. 12 (December 1986): 1463-1468. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Technical assistance, Agricultural sector, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: Substantial New Program of Action; IMF; UN Conference on Least Developed Countries 1981; World Bank. Examines the international assistance given to Malawi under the Substantial New Program of Action, agreed to at the UN Conference on Least Developed Countries held in Paris in September 1981.

7246 Christiansen, Robert E., and Jonathan G. Kydd. "The return of Malawian labour from South Africa and Zimbabwe." The Journal of Modern African Studies 21, no. 2 (June 1983): 311-326. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Labor migration.

7239 Kadyampakeni, James G. "Banda, balanced development and disengagement." Africa Insight 15, no. 2 (1985): 89-98. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Poverty, Population density, Wage policy, Food production, Foreign aid, Diplomatic relations. KEYWORDS: SADCC; Banda, Hastings Kamuzu; RSA-Malawi relations; disengagement. 7240 Morss, Elliott R. "Institutional destruction resulting from donor and project proliferation in sub-Saharan African countries." World Development 12, no. 4 (April 1984): 465-470. ALSO COVERS: Zambia, Lesotho. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign aid, Development financing, Agricultural development, Technical assistance, Infrastructure. KEYWORDS: IMF; foreign labor; institutional development. 7241 Saxena, Suresh Chandra. Foreign Policy of African States: Politics of Dependency and Confrontation. New Delhi, India: Deep and Deep, 1982. 224 pp. ALSO COVERS: Botswana, Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, National liberation movement, Dependency theory, Apartheid, Decolonization, Foreign policy, Political integration. 7242 Winter, Carolyn. "Structural adjustment lending: Boon or blow for Malawi?" Journal of Contemporary African Studies 4, no. 1/2 (October 1984/April 1985): 103-118. tables. ALSO COVERS: East Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, International market, Economic policy, Public sector, Foreign aid, Structural adjustment, Economic growth rate. KEYWORDS: IDA (International Development Association); IMF; labor-intensive. SEE ALSO 13401.

General

7243 Chanock, Martin. Law, Custom and Social Order: The Colonial Experience in Malawi and Zambia. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1985. 286 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Zambia. SUBJECTS: Traditional legal system, Traditional society, Traditional authority. 7244 Chipembere, Henry B. M. "Malawi in crisis: 1964." Ufahamu 11, no. 1 (Summer 1981): 76-96. SUBJECTS: Political repression, Authoritarian government. KEYWORDS: Banda, Hastings Kamuzu. 7245 Chipeta, C., and M. W. Mhango. Biotechnology and Labour Absorption in Malawi Agriculture. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1988. 31 pp. SUBJECTS: Labor force, Plantation

7247 Enders, Christoph, and Beate Kasch. "Some notes on the agricultural credit system in Malawi: Case study in the Ntcheu-RuralDevelopment-Project." Savings and Development 11, no. 1 (1987): 15-25. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural policy, Credit policy, Case study. KEYWORDS: national rural development program; Ntcheu Rural Development Project. Describes the Ntcheu Rural Development Project started in 1978 and its policy of a seasonal credit scheme based on a group approach and credit in kind. Argues the program has proved inflexible in the face of changing conditions and in some cases misallocates resources. 7248 French, David. "Confronting an unsolvable problem: Deforestation in Malawi." World Development 14, no. 4 (April 1986): 531540. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Plantation economy, Natural resource management, Energy use, Population growth. KEYWORDS: alternative energy; coal; deforestation. Discusses the rate of deforestation in Malawi and problems of government reforestation programs. Argues that as long as firewood is available on customary land, there is little or no motivation for the growth of commercial firewood, and therefore deforestation cannot be reversed. 7249 Fuller, Bruce. "Eroding economy and declining school quality: The case of Malawi." Institute ofDevelopment Studies Bulletin 20, no. 1 (January 1989): 11-16. tables. SUBJECTS: Education system, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: education financing. Describes Malawian educational spending as falling in the wake of structural adjustment. Argues that the effects of structural adjustment can be understood only when examined over time. Explores the relation of structural adjustment to declining school enrollment and the role of donors in education. 7250 Harvey, Charles. "The case of Malawi." Institute of Development Studies Bulletin 14, no. 1 (1983): 45-49. tables. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Policy analysis. KEYWORDS: Berg Report 1981; terms of trade; ADM ARC (Agricultural Development and Marketing Corporation). 7251 International Livestock Centre for Africa. Index to Livestock Literature Microfiched by the ILCAHDRC Team in Malawi. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: International Livestock Centre for Africa, 1984. 72 pp. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Livestock production. KEYWORDS: IDRC (International Development Research Centre); ILCA (International Livestock Centre for Africa). 7252 L'Hoiry, Philippe. Le Malawi. Paris: Karthala, 1988. 226 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Colonialism, Political power, Agricultural production, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: NAC (Nyasaland African Congress); Banda, Hastings Kamuzu; MCP (Malawi Congress Patty). Presents a comprehensive view of Malawian political history, evolution, and culture. Highlights the rise to power and the reign of Hastings Banda and discusses economic development and foreign policy issues. 7253 Lindskog, Per, and Jan Lundqvist. Why Poor Children Stay Sick: The Human Ecology of Child Health and Welfare in Rural

4 9 6 • MALAWI/G enera! Malawi. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1989. I l l pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Children, Research methodology, Water supply, Health education, Sanitation, Poverty. KEYWORDS: environmental hygiene; Zomba West piped water project. Evaluates the impact of improved methods of water supply, sanitation, and hygiene upon health in rural Malawi. Focuses on the significance of social and cultural systems in relation to water supply and health. Analyzes the interrelationships between human behavior, environmental conditions, water, and water-related diseases. 7254 McCracken, John. "Labour in Nyasaland: An assessment of the 1960 railway workers' strike." Journal ofSouthern African Studies 14, no. 2 (January 1988): 279-290. SUBJECTS: Labor unrest, Resistance movement, Working class. KEYWORDS: railway workers' strike 1960; Nyasaland. Examines the records of the Nyasaland Railway Company to provide a preliminary assessment of the 1960 strike by labor against the company. Claims that the strike demonstrated that some Nyasaland workers had a clear understanding of the economic system and that there were difficulties facing Central African workers when they were translating worker consciousness into tangible results. 7255 Mlia, J. R. N. "Subnational planning in transition: The case of Malawi." In: Subnational Planning in Southern and Eastern Africa: Approaches, Finance and Education, edited by A. H. J. Helmsing and K. H. Wekwete. Brookfield, Vermont: Aldershot, 1990. 131-146 pp. SUBJECTS: Development planning, Rural development. Examines changes in subnational planning approaches in Malawi that have occuned mainly during the postindependence period. Attempts to identify the main factors that might have contributed to those changes. 7256 Nankumba, J. Sinoya. A Case Study of Tenancy Arrangements on Private Burley Tobacco Estates in Malawi. Morrilton, Arkansas: Winrock International Institute for Agricultural Development, 1990. 16 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Management, Land tenure system. KEYWORDS: tenant farming. Investigates the nature of land tenure arrangements on Malawian tobacco estates. Analyzes the history of the tenant-farming system in Malawi. Focuses on the reasons labor and management choose to enter into tenant-farming agreements, the terms of contractual arrangements, and tenant/management performance. Determines what improvements can be made in the tenant-farming system. 7257 Ng'ong'ola, Clement. "Design and implementation of customary land reforms in Central Malawi." Journal of African Law 26, no. 2 (Autumn 1982): 115-132. tables. SUBJECTS: Land tenure system, Land reform, Traditional society. KEYWORDS: Central Region, Malawi; matrilineal system; Lilongwe Land Development Programme. 7258 Ng'ong'ola, Clement. "Land reforms and land dispute resolution in Malawi: The work of the Lilongwe Local Land Board ."Journal of Eastern African Research and Development 16 (1986): 105-121. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Land tenure system, Land reform, Land-use policy. KEYWORDS: Lilongwe District, Malawi; Lilongwe Local Land Board. Assesses the state of land reform in Malawi by focusing on the Lilongwe Local Land Board. 7259 Scobey, Richard. "Malawi." In: Energy and Development in Southern Africa: SADCC Country Studies, volume one, edited by Phil O'Keefe and Barry Munslow. Stockholm, Sweden: Beijer Institute, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 1984.171-193 pp. SUBJECTS: Energy use, Natural resource management. KEYWORDS: noncommercial energy supply.

7260 Segal, Edwin S. "Projections of internal migration in Malawi: Implications for development." The Journal of Modern African Studies 23, no. 2 (June 1985): 315-329. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Population distribution, Rural-urban migration, Labor market. KEYWORDS: rural growth centers. 7261 Vail, Leroy, and Landeg White. "Of chameleons and paramount chiefs: The case of the Malawian poet Jack Mapanje." Review of African Political Economy 48 (Autumn 1990): 26-49. SUBJECTS: Arts, Political analysis, Political prisoners. KEYWORDS: political literature; poetry; Malawi Writers Group; Banda, Hastings Kamuzu; Mapanje, Jack. SEE ALSO 4631, 15903.

Health

7262 Centre of African Studies, University of Edinburgh. Malawi: An Alternative Pattern of Development: Proceedings of a Seminar Held in the Centre ofAfrican Studies, University of Edinburgh, 24 and 25 May, 1984. Edinburgh, Scotland: Centre of African Studies, University of Edinburgh, 1985. 642 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural policy, Nutrition, Rural population, Urban population, Health service, Foreign investment. KEYWORDS: tobacco. 7263 Kerr, David. "Community theatre and public health in Malawi." Journal of Southern African Studies 15, no. 3 (April 1989): 469-485. SUBJECTS: Public health, Arts, Research methodology, Health care system, Health care policy. KEYWORDS: theater; Machinga District, Malawi; Zomba District, Malawi; Liwonde, Malawi. Documents an experiment in 1985 to use the performing arts to promote primary health care. Notes the performance traditions of Malawi. Describes the series of performances about development as having revolutionary potential. 7264 Msonthi, Jerome D. "The status of medicinal plant research and traditional medicine in Malawi." In: The State of Medicinal Plant Research in Nigeria, edited by Abayomi Sofowora. Ibadan, Nigeria: Ibadan University Press, 1986. 335-349 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Health care policy, Research and development, Public health, Traditional medicine. KEYWORDS: medicinal plants. Describes the present status of traditional medicine in Malawi and gives some examples of traditional medicinal plants. Suggests a new policy for the immediate funding of pharmaceutical production of viable traditional medicines. 7265 Msukwa, Louis A. H. Meeting the Basic Health Needs of Rural Malawi: An Alternative Strategy. Norwich, UK: Geo, 1981. 63 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Health care policy, Health care system, Health service, Public health, Rural planning policy, Basic needs.

Human/Civil Rights

7266 Human Rights Watch. Where Silence Rules: The Suppression ofDissent inMalawi. New York: Human Rights Watch, 1990.104 pp.

MALAWI/Politics • 4 9 7 SUBJECTS: Human rights, Censorship, Religion, Repression, Legal system, Racial discrimination. KEYWORDS: torture; penal system; murder; Asian people; US-Malawi relations. Argues that because Malawi is a stable, pro-Western ally, its human rights violations are ignored. Lists the violations, such as detention, censorship, unfair trials, torture, racism against Asians, religious persecution, murder of political opponents, and abysmal penal conditions.

Industry

7267 UN Industrial Development Organization. Malawi. Vienna, Austria: UNIDO, 1987. I l l pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, M a n u f a c t u r i n g sector, Industrial development. KEYWORDS: SADCC. Presents an analytical survey of industrial development in Malawi. Provides a brief overview of the economy and the manufacturing sector and a more detailed review of the structure and development of manufacturing industries. SEE ALSO 15940,16293.

Labor

been responsible for both success and political repression in Malawi. Questions Banda's economic and development priorities and stresses the need for a policy on population growth.

Planning and Development

7270 Kotze, D. A., H. J. Swanepoel, F. C. DeBeer, and L. leRoux. "Rural development in Malawi." Africa Insight 12, no. 2 (1982): 78-84. tables. SUBJECTS: Community development, Self-sufficient economy, Cooperatives, Development planning, Agricultural development, Resettlement. KEYWORDS: national rural development program. 7271 Mkandawire, Thandika. "Economic crisis in Malawi." In: Recession in Africa, edited by Jerker Carlsson. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1983. 28-47 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Infrastructure, Plantation economy, Development policy, Agricultural policy, Trade relations, Industrial sector, Economic crisis. KEYWORDS: transport. 7272 Pelley, David, Israel Prion, Herzel Avidor, and Joseph Dital. Post-Graduate Course in Integrated Rural Regional Development Planning: Planning Project Zomba and Machinga Districts— Malawi: Final Report. Rehovot, Israel: Settlement Study Centre, 1983. 211 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Integrated rural development, Development planning, Development theory. KEYWORDS: Israel-Malawi relations; Zomba District, Malawi; Machinga District, Malawi.

SEE ALSO 11826.

Legal System

7268 Ng'ong'ola, Clement. "Controlling theft in the public service: Penal law and judicial responses in Malawi." Journal of African Law 32, no. 1 (Spring 1988): 72-94. SUBJECTS: Corruption, Law, Crime. KEYWORDS: public services; MCP (Malawi Congress Party). Studies theft and corruption among Malawi's public servants and the response of the judicial system. Examines both the effectiveness of legislation designed to curb such corruption and the acceptance of a weaker law by the judicial system in order to retain its hold on certain case jurisdictions.

7273 Pennant, Thomas. "The growth of small-scale renting in lowincome urban housing in Malawi." In: Housing Africa's Urban Poor, edited by Philip Amis and Peter Lloyd. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1990. 189-201 pp. SUBJECTS: Housing policy, Low-income housing, Urban poverty. KEYWORDS: landlord-tenant relations; Lilongwe, Malawi; rental housing. Argues that the typical renting situation in Africa involves landlords and tenants who are not that economically different from one another. Examines the small-scale rental sector in Lilongwe. Offers a history of low-income housing and presents the situation of both small-scale renters and landlords.

Politics

Military Affairs

7274 Chiume, Kanyama. The Autobiography ofKanyama Chiume. London: Panaf, 1982. 252 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Biography, Political history. KEYWORDS: Banda, Hastings Kamuzu; Malawi Second Republic.

7269 Boeden, Robert B. "Prospects for political stability in Malawi. " In: On the Razor's Edge: Prospects for Political Stability in Southern Africa, edited by Calvin A. Woodward. Pretoria, RS A: Africa Institute of South Africa, 1986. 190-196 pp. SUBJECTS: Military budget, Religious conflict, Agricultural sector, Population distribution, Military budget. KEYWORDS: MCP (Malawi Congress Party); SADCC; Banda, Hastings Kamuzu. Assesses both the power held by Banda and the prospects for Malawi's future following Banda's death. Examines how Banda has

7275 Descraene, Philippe. "Le Malawi au coeur et à l'écart des turbulences de l'Afrique Australe." L'Afrique et l'Asie modernes 156 (1988): 40-46. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Rural population, Diplomatic relations, Political instability, Leadership analysis. KEYWORDS: Banda, Hastings Kamuzu; food self-sufficiency; RSA-Malawi relations. Demonstrates how Malawi has managed to avoid the instability experienced in neighboring Mozambique and Angola and to remain a model of economic stability, independence, and prosperity. Assesses

498

•

MALAWI/Politics

Malawi's economic policies and its cooperation with the RSA. 7276 Hirschmann, David. "Malawi's 'captured peasantry': An empirical analysis." The Journal of Developing Areas 24, no. 4 (July 1990): 467-488. SUBJECTS: Peasant economy, Capitalism, State power. KEYWORDS: economy of affection. Discusses the idea of the peasant economy of affection that was introduced by Swedish social scientist Goran Hyden in the early 1980s. Applies the concept to Malawi and concludes that Malawian peasant responsiveness to market changes indicates that Malawians are not tied to an economy of affection. 7277 Mtewa, Mekki. Malawi Democratic Theory and Public Policy. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Schenkman, 1986. 137 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Political analysis, Political participation, Public policy, Political theory. KEYWORDS: democratic pluralism. Discusses the basic notion of pluralism and the potential for democracy in Malawi. Describes the nature of political growth and historical relationships. Analyzes the relationship between political power and the personality cult in Malawi. SEE ALSO 6660.

Population

7278 Malawi National Statistical Office. Malawi Population Census 1977: Analytical Report. 2 vols. Zomba, Malawi: Malawi National Statistical Office, 1984. 600 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Population growth, Population distribution, Fertility, Migration, Demographic analysis, Literacy, Mortality rate. KEYWORDS: Malawi Population Census 1977. SEE ALSO 4638.

Private Sector

7279 Ettema, Wim. "Small-scale industry in Malawi." The Journal of Modern African Studies 22, no. 3 (September 1984): 487-510. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Small business, Income distribution, Informal sector. KEYWORDS: Malawi National Rural Development Programme; small-scale industry.

Regionalism/Nationalism

SEE ALSO 13657.

Religion

7280 Bone, David S. Religion in Malawi: Current Research: 1983. Zomba, Malawi: Department of Religious Studies, University of

Malawi, 1983. 26 pp. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Christianity, Traditional religion, Islam. KEYWORDS: independent churches; Booth, Joseph. 7281 S c h o f f e l e e r s , M a t t h e w . Pentacostalism and NeoTraditionalism: The Religious Polarization of a Rural District in Southern Malawi. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Free University Press, 1985. 54 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Traditional religion, Rural population, Christianity. KEYWORDS: Pentecostalism; Nsanje District, Malawi.

Rural Development

7282 Chipeta, G., K. L. Bell, L. Engberg, and B. F. Kandoole. "Guidelines for improving evaluation methods and techniques in Malawi." In: Project Evaluation: Problems of Methodology, edited by UNESCO. Paris: UNESCO., 1984. 55-88 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Integrated rural development. KEYWORDS: Malawi National Rural Development Programme; project evaluation. 7283 Mkandawire, R. Mulomboji. "Markets, peasants and agrarian change in post-independence Malawi." Journal of Contemporary African Studies A, no. 1/2 (October 1984/April 1985): 89-102. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Rural development, Peasant economy, Agricultural development. KEYWORDS: national rural development program; Lilongwe Land Development Programme; IDA (International Development Association); ADMARC (Agricultural Development and Marketing Corporation). 7284 Nankumba, Sinoya. "Malawi: Agricultural credit in the Lilongwe Land Development Programme." In: Project Performance of IRD-Programmes in Sierra Leone and Malawi, edited by HeinzUlrich Thimm. Hamburg, West Germany: Verlag Weltarchiv,'1986. 125-180 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Integrated rural development, Credit policy, Rural development. KEYWORDS: IDA (International Development Association); Lilongwe Land Development Programme. Analyzes the performance of credit in integrated rural development in the Lilongwe District of Malawi. Concludes as the result of a survey that there needs to be a proper extension service connected with credit provision in order for it to be accessible to everyone. 7285 Shaw, D. P. "Rural urban linkages in the Malawian context." African Urban Quarterly 3, no. 1/2 (January/May 1988): 95-99. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Urban development, Rural development, Peasant economy, Migration pattern, Rural-urban relations. Speculates on the nature of rural-urban linkages in Malawi as a model for the development of the rural areas. Explores both migration and economic linkages. 7286 Trivedy, Roy. Action Research in Southern Malawi. Oxford, UK: OXFAM, 1990. 52 pp. biblio, maps. SUBJECTS: Research and development, Foreign aid, Rural population, Rural development. KEYWORDS: Malawi Action Research Programme; OXFAM; Mulanje District, Malawi. Identifies and explores development problems and priorities of rural communities in Mulanje District and assesses possible solutions. Makes recommendations to OXFAM regarding its future role in Malawi. SEE ALSO 3364, 12549.

M ALI/Agriculture • 4 9 9

Socioeconomic Analysis

7287 Jobin, Jean-Louis. Sur le sol du Malawi (1968-1972). Sherbrooke, Canada: Naaman, 1985. 178 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Sociological analysis, Behavioral analysis, Nonformal education, Formal education, Public health. KEYWORDS: Mtendere, Malawi; African nationalism. 7288 UNESCO. Project Evaluation: Problems of Methodology. Paris: UNESCO, 1984. 141 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Integrated rural development, Project design, Social development policy, Social change. KEYWORDS: national rural development program; project evaluation; universal primary education.

Women and Gender

7289 Hirschmann, David, and Megan Vaughan. Women Farmers of Malawi: Food Production in the Zomba District. Berkeley, California: Institute of International Studies, University of California, 1984.142 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Food production, Household analysis, Division of labor, Agricultural extension service. KEYWORDS: Zomba District, Malawi; League of Malawi Women.

Central Africa." In: Women and Development in Africa: Comparative Perspectives, edited by Jane L. Parpart. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1989. 195-207 pp. SUBJECTS: Women and development, Women's economic role, Capitalist development. Examines women's position in Malawi and the way capitalism effects a separation of men from women in production. Reviews women's contributions to capitalist development in rural and urban areas. 7292 Mandala, Elias. "Capitalism, kinship and gender in the lower Tchiri (Shire) Valley of Malawi, 1860-1960: An alternative theoretical framework." African Economic History 13 (1984): 137-169. biblio, maps. SUBJECTS: Capitalism, Kinship, Gender relations, Women's studies, Commercial agriculture, Labor migration, Class formation. KEYWORDS: Mang'anja people; cotton; Tchiri Valley, Malawi. 7293 Segal, Edwin S. 'The rhetoric of development in Malawi." African Studies Association Papers 29, no. 88 (October/November 1986): 1-23. biblio. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Women's studies, Social development policy, Sex role, Cultural identity, Gender relations, Poverty. Discusses the problem that African countries in general have had in establishing an ideology that would assist in economic and technological development. Contends that Malawi has adopted an archaic ideology to support the country rather than dealing with present-day problems.

7290 Hirschmann, David. Women's Participation in Malawi's Local Councils and District Development Committees. East Lansing, Michigan: Women in International Development, Michigan State University, 1985. 17 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Women's political role, Political participation, Local government, Women's rights. KEYWORDS: DDC (District Development Committee).

7294 Vaughan, Megan, and Graham H. R. Chipande. Women in the Estate Sector of Malawi: The Tea and Tobacco Industries. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1986. 56 pp. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Women's economic role, Sex discrimination, Plantation economy, Division of labor, Labor market. KEYWORDS: tea; tobacco. Outlines research conducted in 1984 on tea and tobacco estates in Malawi. Documents women's involvement in production, concluding that women suffer discrimination in wages, employment conditions, and organization. Analyzes the sexual division of labor based on tradition and ideology.

7291 Kandawire, J. A. Kamchitete. "Women and development in

SEE ALSO 3647.

MALI Agriculture

7295 Bingen, R. James. "State and rural development: The case of Operation Riz-Segou in Mali ."African Studies Association Papers 26, no. 22 (December 1983): 1-49. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Agricultural policy, Agricultural extension service, Foreign aid, Resource distribution, Smallholder agriculture, Irrigation. KEYWORDS: Operation Riz-Segou.

COVERS: Niger, Burkina Faso. SUBJECTS: Agricultural policy, Agricultural development, Bibliography, Livestock production, Women's economic role, Rural development. KEYWORDS: rice; sugar.

7296 Caughman, Susan. Women at Work in Mali: The Case of the Markala Cooperative. Boston, Massachusetts: African Studies Center, Boston University, 1981. 36 pp. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Agricultural cooperatives, Women's studies, Agricultural marketing, Appropriate technology, Food production. KEYWORDS: soap; textiles; Markala, Mali; Markala Cooperative.

7298 Dione, J., and J. Staatz. "Market liberalization and food security in Mali." In: Southern Africa: Food Security Policy Options, edited by Mandivamba Rukini and Richard H. Bernstein. Harare, Zimbabwe: University of Zimbabwe, 1988.143-170pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Price policy, Food policy, Agricultural policy, Agricultural marketing, Economic reform. KEYWORDS : PRMC (Programme de Restructuration du Marché de Céréales); cereals; economic liberalization. Describes the background and goals of the PRMC and evaluates its initial performance. Discusses the role of food security research in informing the reform process, drawing implications from the Malian experience for the design of market liberalization and related policy research elsewhere in Africa.

7297 Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, ed. Agricultural Policy and Development in West Africa: Mali, Niger and Upper Volta: Annotated Bibliography No. RB6g. Vol. 7 of 7. Slough, UK: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, 1983. 84 pp. biblio. ALSO

7299 Dommen, Arthur J. "Mali's national food strategy." African Studies Association Papers 26, no. 45 (December 1983): 1-33. tables. SUBJECTS: Food production, Foreign aid, Resource distribution, Subsistence farming, Division of labor, State-owned enterprise,

5 0 0 • MALI/Agriculture Agricultural technology. KEYWORDS: cereals. 7300 Kebe, Youssouf Gaye. "L'Agriculture malienne, le paysan, sa terre et l'état." In: Le Mali, le paysan et l'état, edited by Pierre Jacquemot. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1981. 22-102 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Cash crop production, Economic development, Peasant society, Agricultural production, Development planning, Credit policy. KEYWORDS: Kayes, Mali. 7301 Koenig, Dolores. "Food and energy: The female connection." AfricanStudies AssociationPapers 26, no. 72 (December 1983): 1-23. tables. SUBJECTS: Food production, Energy use, Division of labor, Agricultural production, Natural resource management, Household analysis, Women's economic role. KEYWORDS: firewood; San, Mali. 7302 Koenig, Dolores. "Social stratification and labor allocations in peanut farming in rural Malian households." The African Studies Review 29, no. 3 (September 1986): 107-127. tables. SUBJECTS: Social stratification, Land-use policy, Capitalist development, Agricultural labor, Smallholder agriculture, Food production. KEYWORDS: peanuts; Kita, Mali. Maintains that Malian farmers in the Kita Region have varied access to land, labor, and capital and that the richer farmers have more access. Divides farmers into affluent, middle, and poor classes and explores their different peanut production strategies. 7303 Lecaillon, Jacques, and Christian Morrison. Economic Policies and Agricultural Performance: The Case of Mali 1960-1983. Paris: Development Centre of the OECD, 1986. 174 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural sector, Economic policy, Agricultural production, Income distribution. KEYWORDS: Koutiala Region, Mali; millet; cotton; peanuts. Analyzes the impact of the main instruments of intervention on agricultural performance. Highlights policy options that have proved most favorable to agriculture and examines how they could be strengthened in the context of current policy. 7304 Mclntire, John. "Rice policy in Mali." In: Rice in West Africa: Policy and Economics, edited by Scott R. Pearson et al. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1981.299-330 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Consumption pattern, Agricultural policy, Agricultural marketing, Foreign trade. KEYWORDS: economic geography; rice. 7305 Schreyger, Emil. L'Office du Niger au Mali, 1932 à 1982: la problématique d'une grande entreprise agricole dans la zone du Sahel. Wiesbaden, West Germany: Steiner, 1984. 394 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Colonialism, Development planning, Agricultural development. KEYWORDS: Niger River; RDA (Rassemblement Démocratique Africain); cotton. SEE ALSO 120, 194, 225, 298, 6238, 8208, 14912, 14932, 14937, 14938.

Class

7306 Amselle, Jean-Loup, and Emmanuel Grégoire. "Complicités et conflits entre bourgeoisies d'état et bourgeoisies d'affaires: au Mali et au Niger." In: L'Etat contemporain en Afrique, edited by Emmanuel Terray. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1987. 23-47 pp. ALSO COVERS: Niger. SUBJECTS: Bourgeoisie, Political elite, Class analysis, Commercial sector. Analyzes the emergence and development of state and business bourgeoisies in Mali and Niger. Claims that these two classes have at

times worked closely together to achieve certain goals and that at other times they have been at odds over government policy. Examines the historical formation of these classes during colonialism and during their evolution in the postindependence era. 7307 Diop, Majhemout. Histoire des classes sociales dans l'Afrique de l'Ouest. Le Mali. Vol. 1 of 2. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1985. 265 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Working class, Traditional society, Colonialism, Class formation. KEYWORDS: professionals. 7308 François, Pierre. "Class struggles in Mali." Review of African Political Economy 24 (May/August 1982): 22-38. SUBJECTS: Class struggle, Coup d'état, Cooperatives, Trade union, Foreign aid, Peasant society, Social stratification. KEYWORDS: Tombouctou, Mali; Mopti, Mali.

Economics

7309 Amselle, Jean-Loup. "Fonctionnaires et hommes d'affaires au Mali." Politique africaine no. 26 (June 1987): 63-72. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Commercial sector, Private sector, Capital formation. Examines the accumulation of capital for the commercial sector in Mali. Explores the relationship of traders with the state and the ways traders accumulate wealth in Mali. Defends Mali's interventionist policy in the commercial sector. 7310 Cissé, Moussa Cola. "Les 'Acquis du peuple,' les sociétés et entreprises d'état." In: Le Mali, le paysan et l'état, edited by Pierre Jacquemot. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1981. 132-158 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Development planning, Public sector, State-owned enterprise. 7311 Dulucq, Sophie. "Les Investissements publics à Bamako dans le domaine de l'habitat (1960-1986)." In: Les Investissements publics dans les villes africaines (1930-1980): habitat et transports, edited by Sophie Dulucq and Odile Goerg. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1989. 107-112 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Public investment, Urbanization, Finance policy. KEYWORDS: SEMA (Société d'Equipement du Mali). Addresses the public investment program undertaken for the urbanization of Bamako from 1960 to 1986. Analyzes the financing and planning policy as well as the different sectors subsidied. 7312 Founou-Tchuigoua, Bernard. "La Crise des finances publiques et la dénationalisation de l'état: le cas du Mali." Africa Development/Afrique et développement 14, no. 3 (1989): 19-41. SUBJECTS: Government expenditure, Government economic management, State intervention, Public sector. KEYWORDS: core-periphery relations. Argues that in addition to its other functions, public finance reproduces unequal relations between the center and the periphery. Adds that in the periphery this results in perverse redistribution through officials' private accumulation and job creation for educated youth. Concludes that economic liberalization has in this context led to a denationalization of the state. 7313 Hickok, Susan, and Clive E. Gray. "Capital-market controls and credit rationing in Mali and Senegal." The Journal of Modern African Studies 19, no. 1 (March 1981): 57-73. tables. ALSO COVERS: Senegal. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Credit policy, Economic theory. KEYWORDS: capital market. 7314 Jacquemot, Pierre, ed. Le Mali, le paysan et l'état. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1981. 197 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic develop-

MALI/General • 5 0 1 ment, Agricultural development, Rural development, State-owned enterprise, Health care policy.

KEYWORDS: ACO (African Curriculum Organization); GTZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit).

7315 Jobs and Skills Programme for Africa. Disparités de revenus entre les villes et les campagnes au Mali. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: JASPA, 1982. 94 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Income inequality, Price policy, Fiscal policy, Government expenditure. KEYWORDS: ILO; salary policy.

SEE ALSO 898,15019.

7316 Kouadio, François. "L'Intégration du Mali dans l'UMOA: ses implications sur les échanges intra-communautaires de la CEAO et les perspectives africaines de constructions monétaires homogènes." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 221/222 (1984): 76-100. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic development policy, Regional integration, Monetary policy. KEYWORDS: UMOA; BCEAO (Banque Centrale des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest); ECOWAS; CFA monetary area.

Environment

7317 Mettelin, Pierre. "Mali-UMOA: genèse d'une réintégration." Année africaine (1983): 249-285. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Monetary policy, Banking policy. KEYWORDS: UMOA; France-Mali relations.

7323 Moorehead, Richard. "Access to resources in the Niger Inland Delta, Mali." In: Environmental Issues in African Development Planning, edited by J. A. Seeley and W. M. Adams. Cambridge, UK: African Studies Centre, 1988. 27-39 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Natural resource management, Environmental degradation. KEYWORDS: Niger Inland Delta, Mali; rice; Niger River. Describes how control over resources in the Niger Inland Delta of Mali has eroded in recent years and been taken over by the state. Contends that both resource conservation and sustainable resource use are being based on a reconsideration of both past controls and the present, often degrading, uses.

SEE ALSO 889, 12907.

SEE ALSO 1016, 6358.

Education

Foreign Relations

7318 Belloncle, Guy. La Question éducative en Afrique noire. Paris: Karthala, 1984.271 pp. ALSO COVERS: Niger, Burkina Faso. SUBJECTS: Education system, Education reform, Rural development. KEYWORDS: Bambara language; Kita, Mali; CPR (Centres de Promotion Rurale); CPT (Centres de Perfectionnement Technique); Guessedoundou, Niger.

7324 A m s e l l e , J e a n - L o u p . " S o c i a l i s m e , c a p i t a l i s m e , et précapitalisme au Mali (1960-1982)." In: Contradictions of Accumulation in Africa: Studies in Economy and State, edited by Henry Bernstein and Bonnie K. Campbell. Beverly Hills, California: Sage, 1985. 249-266 pp. SUBJECTS: Foreign investment, Socialism, Capitalism, Foreign aid, Privatization. KEYWORDS: economic liberalization; military sector; precapitalist society.

7319 Breitinger, Eckhard, and Reinhard Sander, eds. Language and Education in Africa. Bayreuth, West Germany: Bayreuth African Studies Series, 1986. 144 pp. tables, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria, Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Education reform, Language policy, Women's studies, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: Hausa language; Mende language; Medersa school system, Mali; Swahili language; Segu, Mali. Examines the religious school system and its historical origins in Segu, Mali. Addresses the influence of Islamic law on women's education and sexuality in urban Sokoto, Nigeria. Explores education reform and policy in Tanzania and Sierre Leone. 7320 Coulibaly, Tingé. "La Dure lutte des scolaires et étudiants: ou la longue marche pour la dignité d'un peuple." Peuples noirs; peuples africains 4, no. 19 (January/February 1981): 36-59. SUBJECTS: Education system, Education policy, Socialism. KEYWORDS: USRDA (Union Soudanaise-Rassemblement Démocratique/Africain). 7321 Dave, R. H., D. A. Perera, and A. Ouane. Learning Strategies for Post-Literacy and Continuing Education in Mali, Niger, Senegal and Upper Volta: Outcomes of an International Research Project. Hamburg, West Germany: UNESCO Institute for Education, 1984. 206 pp. tables, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Niger, Senegal. SUBJECTS: Education system, Literacy, Adult education, Mass media, Rural development. KEYWORDS: continuing education. 7322 Fane, Bakary. The Primary Schools' Agricultural Programmes as a Tool for Development in Mali. Nairobi, Kenya: ACO/GTZ Project, 1984. 40 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Education system, Education reform, Literature review, Academic research.

General

7325 Ag Ataher Insar, Mohamed Ali. "La Scolarisation moderne comme stratégie de résistance." Revue du monde musulman et de la Méditerranée 57, no. 3 (1990): 91-97. SUBJECTS: Formal education, Resistance movement, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: Tuareg people; Tombouctou, Mali. Examines conflicts with the colonial administration over attempts to teach Tuaregs and describes the resistance of the latter people. Presents a study on Tuareg reception of formal, Europeanstyle education. 7326 Bingen, R. James. Food Production and Rural Development in the Sahel: Lessons from Mali's Operation Riz-Segou. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1985. 167 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Food production, Colonialism, Rural development, State intervention. KEYWORDS: rice; Segou Region, Mali; Operation Riz-Segou. 7327 Brenner, Louis. "Al-Hajj Sa' ad UmarToure and Islamic educational reform in Mali." In: Language and Education in Africa, edited by Eckhard Breitinger and Reinhard Sander. Bayreuth, West Germany: Bayreuth University, 1986. 5-23 pp. SUBJECTS: Biography, Islam, Education system. KEYWORDS: Toure, Sa'ad Umar; Sabil al-Falah school; Segu, Mali. Explains how the Islamic school of Sa'ad Umar Toure came into

502

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MALI/General

existence and how he dealt with those who opposed his project. 7328 Bugnicourt, Jacques. "Health: Peasants and city-dwellers' initiatives in the Sahel." African Environment 23-24 (1989): 17-45. tables, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Senegal. SUBJECTS: Project design, Public health, Urban population, Rural population, Nongovernmental organization. KEYWORDS: Fatooma, Mali; SSSSSS (Se Servir de la Saison Sèche en Savanne et en Sahel); community participation; Grand-Yoff, Senegal; Chodok plan 1975. Compares two experiments—one rural and one urban—in meeting basic health needs. Describes the identification of needs by residents of Fatooma, a market town near Mopti, and the fight of urban dwellers against unemployment in a suburb of Dakar—Grand-Yoff. 7329 Cissé, Salmana. "Pratiques de sédentarité et nomadisme au Mali: réalité sociologique ou slogan politique." Politique africaine no. 34 (June 1989): 30-38. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Pastoralism, Policy analysis. KEYWORDS: sedentarization; pastoral association. Discusses the policies and practices of sedentarization and nomadism in Mali. Examines the institutional context, constraints, pastoral associations, and impact of sedentarization. 7330 Condé, Julien, Pap Diagne, N. G. Ouaidou, and K. Boye. South-North International Migrations: A Case Study: Malian, Mauritanian and Senegalese Migrants from Senegal River Valley to France. Paris: OECD, 1986. 148 pp. ALSO COVERS: Mauritania, Senegal. SUBJECTS: International relations, Migration policy, Demographic analysis, Legal development, Standard of living. KEYWORDS: Senegal River Valley; France-Africa relations. Provides a more complete methodology for the analysis of international migration by examining migration from the Senegalese River valley to France. Addresses specifically the attitudes of migrants and migrants' families. 7331 Cornells, W. A. S. "A mechanism of state penetration: An evaluation of the O.R.S. development project in rural Mali." Les Cahiers du CEDAF no. 2/4 (July 1986): 201-213. SUBJECTS: State intervention, Rural development, Food production, Development planning. KEYWORDS: Operation Riz-Segou. Examines how political structures have affected the Operation Riz-Segou development project in Mali. Argues that the state has created a Gordian knot, which has hurt rather than helped the farmers who were supposed to benefit from the project. 7332 Crum, David Leith. "Malin and the U.M.O.A.: A case-study of economic integration." The Journal of Modern African Studies 22, no. 3 (September 1984): 469-486. SUBJECTS: Economic integration, Trade relations, Foreign aid, Monetary policy. KEYWORDS: UMOA; IMF; Oudalan dispute; Traore, Moussa. 7333 de Benoist, Joseph-Roger. Le Mali. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1989. 265 pp. tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Anthropological analysis, Traditional society, Sociological analysis. Draws on historical analysis to address the present political, economic, and social situation of Mali. Focuses on Mali's sociohistorical advantages—as a cradle of famous precolonial empires, a crossroads of Western African countries, and an important trade center—in the nation's efforts to face and compensate for the disadvantages of its geographical position as a Sahelian desert country. 7334 Dembele, Kary. "La Dimension politique du développement rural." In: Le Mali, le paysan et l'état, edited by Pierre Jacquemot. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1981. 104-130 pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural cooperatives, Rural development, Class analysis, Economic development. KEYWORDS: USRDA (Union Soudanaise-Rassemblement Démocratique Africain). 7335 Diakite, Soumaiela. Connaissances scolaires et développement:

une étude de cas de l'hygiène de l'eau en milieu rural au Mali. Quebec, Quebec, Canada: CEDDEA, Faculté des Sciences de l'Education, Université Laval, 1984.73 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Water supply, Sanitation, Education level, Rural population. 7336 Fay, Claude. "Systèmes halieutiques et espaces de pouvoirs: transformation des droits et des pratiques de pêche dans le Delta Central du Niger (Mali) 1920-1980." Cahiers des sciences humaines 25, no. 1/2 (1989): 213-236. biblio, maps. SUBJECTS: Fishing industry, Historical analysis, Social change, Traditional society. KEYWORDS: Central Niger River Delta; Bozo people. Traces the evolution of the types of control exerted in the fishing territories of the mid-Niger Valley in the past fifty years. Analyses the basis and coherence of traditional fishing rights and regards the traditional fishing industry as a relation between "local" and "global" territories. Considers changes to the system. 7337 Gagner, Jacques. "Evolution du cadre juridique et des pratiques foncières àBamako." In: Processus d'urbanisation en Afrique, volume 1, edited by Catherine Coquery-Vidrovitch. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1988. 109-119 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Law, Land tenure system, Historical analysis, State power. KEYWORDS : land acquisition; Bamako, Mali. Questions to whom the land belongs in West Africa. Uses Bamako, Mali, to examine the debate over whether the state, composed of its public and private domains, has a greater right to land than individuals do. Defines personal landowning rights. 7338 Gallais, Jean. Hommes du Sahel: espaces-temps et pouvoirs; delta intérieur du Niger. Paris: Flammarion, 1984. 289 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Class analysis, Geographical analysis, Commercial sector. KEYWORDS: Niger River. 7339 Gallay, Alain, Eric Huysecom, Matthieu Honegger, and Anne Mayor. Hamdallahi, capitale de l'empire Peul du Massina, Mali: première fouille archéologique, études historiques et ethnoarchéologiques. Stuttgart, West Germany: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1990. 58 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Anthropological analysis, Historical analysis, Traditional society. KEYWORDS: Hamdallahi region, Mali; Fulani people. Provides a brief historical study on Hamdallahi, an ancient city that was the capital of the early nineteenth-century Fulani empire of Massina. Draws on archaeological search to examine social and political life, urbanization techniques, and industry activity in Hamdallahi. 7340 Goldscheider, Calvin, Dayalal S. D. J. Abeysekera, Jin Ho Choi, and Robert E. Mazur, eds. Rural Migration in Developing Nations: Comparative Studies of Korea, Sri Lanka, andMali. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1984. 313 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Rural-urban migration, Rural population, Development planning, Labor force. 7341 Grayzel, John. "Libido and development: The importance of emotions in development work." In: Anthropology and Rural Development in West Africa, edited by Michael M. Horowitz and ThomasM. Painter. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1986.147-165 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Anthropological analysis, Pastoralism, Behavioral analysis. K E Y W O R D S : Fulani people; Doukoloma Forest Reserve, Mali; Fulbe people; USAID. Argues that most development projects lose sight of the individual and do not take into account the emotions of local participants. Concludes that planning does not work unless planners are willing to become emotionally involved with the people affected. Uses a case study from Mali. 7342 Hailu, Alem Seged. Rural Development in African Countries: A Selected Bibliography with Special Reference to Mali and Kenya. Monticello, Indiana: Vance Bibliographies, 1982. 29 pp. ALSO COVERS: Kenya. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Bibliography.

MALI/Health • 5 03

KEYWORDS: Harambee ideology, Kenya. 7343 Hildebrand, Katherine, Allan G. Hill, Sara Randall, and MarieLouise van den Eerenbeemt. "Child mortality and care of children in rural Mali." In: Population, Health and Nutrition in the Sahel: Issues in the Welfare of Selected West African Communities, edited by Allan G. Hill. London: KPI, 1985. 184-206 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Infant mortality, Children, Demographic analysis. KEYWORDS: maternity; child care; Fulani people; Tamasheq people. 7344 Imperato, Pascal James. Historical Dictionary of Mali. Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow, 1986. 359 pp. biblio, maps. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Historical analysis, Political analysis. A bibliography, reference guide, and dictionary of key terms pertaining to Mali (not annotated). Includes a range of issues, from politics to sociology to cultural affairs. 7345 Imperato, Pascal James. Mali: A Search for Direction. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1989.170pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: International relations, Civilian government, Colonialism, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: France-Mali relations; Keita, Modibo; USMali relations. Provides an overview of Malian politics and culture based on twenty-three years of research and fieldwork by the author. 7346 Koenig, Delores. "Research for rural development: Experiences of an anthropologist in rural Mali." In: Anthropology and Rural Development in West Africa, edited by Michael M. Horowitz and Thomas M. Painter. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1986. 29-60 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Anthropological analysis, Family, Agricultural production. KEYWORDS: Kita Cercles, Mali; peanuts; OACV (Opération Arachide et Cultures Vivrières); USAID; West Africa Projects. Discusses the author's role as an anthropologist for a USAID farming systems research project. Addresses the project's problems and results. Documents peasant resistance to state-sponsored intensification of cash crop production. Offers other consultants lessons in conducting field research. 7347 Mclntire, John. "Rice production in Mali." In: Rice in West Africa: Policy and Economics, edited by Scott R. Pearson et al. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1981. 331-360 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Export policy, Price policy. KEYWORDS: parallel economy. 7348 Sanankoua, Bintou. La Chute de Modibo Keita. Paris: Chaka, 1990. 185 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Coup d'état, Political crisis, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: Keita, Modibo. Offers historical insight into the fall of Modibo Keita, first president of independent Mali, in November 1968. Explores the political, economic, and social causes of the end of a postcolonial era. 7349 Sanankoua, Diarah Bintou. "Les Ecoles 'coraniques' au Mali: Problèmes actuels." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 19, no. 2 (1985): 359-367. SUBJECTS: Islamic society, Education system. KEYWORDS: Koran; Bamako, Mali; Walima ceremony; Medersa school system, Mali; Islamic education. 7350 Sawyer, Jane. Men, Women, and Market Trade in Rural Mali, West Africa. East Lansing, Michigan: Michigan State University, 1986.18 pp. SUBJECTS: Trade relations, Rural development, Market system, Women's economic role. KEYWORDS: market women; marketplace; bargaining power; Wadugu, Mali; Bambara people. Uses Waduga town in Mali as a case study in order to compare the changing bargaining power of men and women when markets expand. Suggests that women's bargaining power is not enhanced in such a situation.

7351 Sawyer Turrittin, Jane. "Men, women and market trade in rural Mali, West Africa." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 22, no. 3 (1988): 583-604. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Trade relations, Market system, Women's economic role, Rural development. KEYWORDS: marketplace; savings; bargaining power; Bambara people. Describes how Bambara women of rural Mali are disempowered by capitalist penetration because of the way various areas of the market are separated according to gender. Discusses recent differentiation between the savings associations in which men and women participate, constituting a new form of gender inequality. 7352 Spittler, Gerd. "La Notion de travail chez les Kel Ewey." Revue du monde musulman et de la Méditerranée 57, no. 3 (1990): 189-198. ALSO COVERS: Niger, Sudan. SUBJECTS: Labor force, Behavioral analysis. KEYWORDS: Tuareg people; Kel Ewey people. Analyzes notions of labor and work from within the Kel Ewey society of the Tuareg group. Examines the Kel Ewey word for labor and its semantic contents. Addresses the extent to which labor can overcome nature according to the Kel Ewey definition. 7353 Vaa, Mariken, Sally E. Findley, and Assistan Diallo. "The gift economy: A study of women migrants' survival strategies in a low-income Bamako neighbourhood." Labour, Capital and Society/Travail, capital et société 22, no. 2 (November 1989): 235-262. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS : Labor migration, Women's economic role, Urban poverty. KEYWORDS: Bamako, Mali; Banconi neighborhood, Bamako; survival strategies. Describes women's labor migration movements in Mali. Examines the economic and social survival strategies women use in poor urban neighborhoods. Explores the intricate networks of gift-giving and services exchanges. 7354 Van D. Lewis, John. "Range use and Fulbe social organization: The view from Macina." In: Image and Reality in African Interethnic Relations: The Fulbe and Their Neighbors, edited by Mario D. Zamora et al. Williamsburg, Virginia: Department of Anthropology, College of William and Mary, 1981. 1-19 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Resource distribution, Livestock production, Division of labor. KEYWORDS: Fulbe people; transhumance; Jafaraabe, Mali; Macina Cercles, Mali. 7355 Van D. Lewis, John. "Village-level restraints on the exodus from rural Mali." In: African Migration and National Development, edited by Beverly Lindsay. University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1985. 64-81 pp. SUBJECTS: Ruralurban migration, Labor migration, Village development. KEYWORDS: work associations. SEE ALSO 3735, 4239, 4248, 4451, 4804, 9138.

Health

7356 Chabasse, Dominique, Colette Roure, Abdoulaye ag Rhaly, and Philippe Ranque. "The health of nomads and semi-nomads of the Malian Gourma: An epidemiological approach." In: Population, Health and Nutrition in the Sahel: Issues in the Welfare of Selected West African Communities, edited by Allan G. Hill. London: KPI, 1985. 319-339 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Public health, Pastoralism, Infant mortality. KEYWORDS: epidemiology; Fulani people; Tamasheq people; Bella people; Gourma people. 7357 Eerenbeemt, Marie-Louise van den. "A demographic profile of the Fulani of Central Mali with special emphasis on infant and child mortality." In: Population, Health and Nutrition in the Sahel: Issues

504 • MALI/Health in the Welfare of Selected West African Communities, edited by Allan G. Hill. London: KPI, 1985. 79-103 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: D e m o g r a p h i c analysis, I n f a n t mortality, Mortality rate. KEYWORDS: child health; Fulani people. 7358 Gray, Clive, Jacques Baudouy, Kelsey Martin, and Molly Bang. Primary Health Care in Africa: A Study of the Mali Rural Health Project. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1990. 177 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Health care policy, Health care system, Public sector, Health service, Health education, Economic analysis, Rural population. KEYWORDS: PSR (Projet Santé Rurale). Assesses the effectiveness of primary health care in sub-Saharan Africa by studying the Mali Rural Health Project. Touches on health education in Mali and presents an economic and financial analysis of the Mali Rural Health Project. 7359 Hildebrand, Katherine. "Assessing the components of seasonal stress amongst the Fulani of the Seno-Mango, Central Mali." In: Population, Health and Nutrition in the Sahel: Issues in the Welfare of Selected West African Communities, edited by Allan G. Hill. London: KPI, 1985. 254-287 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Public health, Nutrition, Children, Household analysis, Pastoralism. KEYWORDS: Fulani people; climate; Seno-Mango Region, Mali. 7360 Martin, Mary T. "Design of a food intake study in two Bambara villages in the Segou Region of Mali with preliminary findings." In: Population, Health and Nutrition in the Sahel: Issues in the Welfare of Selected West African Communities, edited by Allan G. Hill. London: KPI, 1985. 289-317 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Nutrition, Household analysis, Food scarcity, Public health. KEYWORDS: food intake study; Bambara people; Segou Region, Mali. 7361 Mondot-Bernard, Jacqueline, Loïc Monjour, and Marc Karam. Satisfaction ofFood Requirements and Agricultural Development in Mali: Volume II: Results of Medical and Nutritional Surveys. Vol. 2 of 2. Paris: Development Centre of the OECD, 1980. 90 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Public health, Nutrition, Agricultural development, Malnutrition. KEYWORDS: disease. 7362 Rougemont, A., P. Fournier, and H. Balique. Mali et HauteVolta: une étude des systèmes d'approvisionnement et de distribution des médicaments. Geneva, Switzerland: Institut Sandoz d'Etudes en Matière de Santé et d'Economie, 1982.78 pp. tables, maps, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Burkina Faso. SUBJECTS: Public health, Health care policy, Health service. KEYWORDS: Banamba, Mali; Kolokani, Mali; PPM (Pharmacie Populaire du Mali). 7363 Traore, Mamadou Namory. "La Santé et l'hôpital au Mali." In: Le Mali, le paysan et l'état, edited by Pierre Jacquemot. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1981. 160-185 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Health care policy, Development planning, Mortality rate.

Household and Family

7364 UNICEF. Enfants etfemmes au Mali: une analyse de situation. Paris: L'Harmattan/UNICEF, 1989.251 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Children, Women's studies, Women's economic role, Family, Health education, Mortality rate. Examines the children's and women's (most of the time mothers') living conditions in Mali. Addresses the economic role of women in the family structure, the overall production system, the mortality rate, and the conditions of health of mothers and children.

7365 Wagenaar-Brouwer, Martie. "Preliminary findings of the diet and nutritional status of some Tamasheq and Fulani groups in the Niger Delta of Central Mali." In: Population, Health and Nutrition in the Sahel: Issues in the Welfare of Selected West African Communities, edited by Allan G. Hill. London: KPI, 1985. 226-252 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Nutrition, Children, Household analysis. KEYWORDS: Tamasheq people; Fulani people; Niger Inland Delta, Mali.

Industry

7366 Maharaux, Alain. L'Industrie au Mali. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1986. 235 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Industrial development, Industrial policy, Regional development, Development financing. KEYWORDS: industry distribution; Bamako, Mali; CMDT (Compagnie Malienne pour le Développement des Fibres Textiles); SOCIMA (Société des Ciments du Mali). Analyzes colonial and postindependence industrial development in Mali. Examines industrial functioning, finance, and constraints. Claims that Malian industry remains embryonic and that agriculture forms the base of any economic development. SEE ALSO 2191.

Legal System

7367 Diawara, Daba. "Le Contrôle de constitutionnalité des lois au Mali." In: Les Cours Suprêmes en Afrique: II, la jurisprudence: droit constitutionnel, droit social, droit international, droitfinancier, edited by Gérard Conac. Paris: Economica, 1988. 106-116 pp. SUBJECTS: Constitutional law, Law, Legal development, Judicial system. KEYWORDS: supreme court. Examines constitutional development in Mali. Addresses constitutional responsibility and the regulation of public power. Questions constitutional control and legal power. 7368 Rochegude, Alain. "L'Expérience malienne." In: Enjeux fanciers en Afrique noire, edited by E. Le Bris, E. Le Roy, and F. Leimdorfer. Paris: Karthala, 1982.141-148 pp. SUBJECTS: Judicial system, Land-use policy, Legislative action, Property rights, Urban development. 7369 Sail, Yacouba. "La Codification et l'évolution du droit au Mah." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 40, no. 3/4 (January/June 1986): 376-390. SUBJECTS: Law, Legislative action, Legal system. KEYWORDS: codification of law. Examines the development of the legal system of Mali. Traces the heritage of Malian legal codification to colonial efforts and follows developments to recent independent events. Claims that French law was not appropriate for Mali.

Media and Culture

7370 Fay, Claude. "Sacrifices, prix du sang, 'eau du maître': fondations des territoires de pêche dans le Delta Central du Niger." Cahiers

MALI/Population • 505 des sciences humaines 25, no. 1/2 (1989): 159-176. biblio, maps. SUBJECTS: Ethnicity, Fishing industry, Traditional society. KEYWORDS: Central Niger River Delta; Bozo people. Examines traditional fishing organization in the mid-Niger valley as a type of appropriation and control of fishing territories, which depend on well-defined principles of supervision and prevailing rights. Links these principles to the Fulani, Bamana, and Marka invasions. Analyzes the political reorganization of space into "territories" occupied by groups that enforce homogeneous regulations.

Military Affairs

SEE ALSO 4272.

Planning and Development

SEE ALSO 3827.

Politics

7371 Amselle, Jean-Loup, and Emmanuel Grégorie. Etat et capitalisme en Afrique de /' Ouest. Paris: Centre des Etudes Africaines, EHESS (Ecole des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales), 1988. 55 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Niger, Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Capitalism, State power, Commercial sector, Bourgeoisie, Government bureaucracy. KEYWORDS: Hamani, Diori; Hausa people. Studies relations between the bureaucratic bourgeoisie and the local merchant and industrial classes in Nigeria, Niger, and Mali. Claims that by emphasizing the roles of the masses, the dominated classes, and civil society, researchers have neglected the state and bourgeoisie roles in the evolution of economic systems. 7372 Bagayogo, Shaka. "L'Etat au Mali représentation, autonomie et mode de fonctionnement." In: L'Etat contemporain en Afrique, edited by Emmanuel Terray. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1987. 91-122 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: State formation, State power, Historical analysis, Government analysis. KEYWORDS: civil society. Studies the influence of Mandingan precolonial political institutions on Mali's present form of government. Examines the administration and management of precolonial states and the state's relationship to civil society. Ties these topics to the functions of the contemporary Malian state. 7373 Cissoko, Diango. La Fonction publique en Afrique noire: le cas du Mali. Rouen, France: Publications de l'Université de Rouen, 1986. 298 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Public administration, Civil service, Political system, Government bureaucracy. KEYWORDS: CMLN (Comité Militaire de Libération Nationale). Analyzes several aspects of public administration and civil service in Mali. Includes the rights and responsibilities of public servants. Examines the process of becoming a civil servant. 7374 Coadou le Brozec, Jean-Pierre. "Le Régime juridique des terres au Mali." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération

37, no. 4 (July/December 1983): 817-827. SUBJECTS: Judicial system, Land-use policy, Land reform, Colonialism, Socialist government. 7375 Colleyn, Jean Paul, and Danielle Jonckers. "Ceux qui refusent le maître: la conception de pouvoir chez les Minuanka du Mali." Africa: Journal of the International African Institute/Revue de l'Institut Africain International 53, no. 4 (1983): 43-58. maps. SUBJECTS : Political participation, Traditional society, Local government, Traditional authority. KEYWORDS: Minyanka people. 7376 C o u l o n , Christian. "Secteur publique, développement économique et classes sociales au Mali." Année africaine (1982): 198-205. SUBJECTS: Public sector, Underdevelopment, Economic policy, Class analysis, Socialist government, Government bureaucracy. KEYWORDS: Keita, Modibo; Traore, Moussa; SOMIEX (Société Malienne d'Importation et d'Exportation); OPAM (Office des Produits Agricoles du Mali). 7377 Danioko, Abdoulaye. "Les Partis politiques au Mali, 19451960." In: Villes et problèmes urbains contemporains en Afrique noire: recherches en histoire contemporaine: informations diverses, edited by Groupe Afrique Noire. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1984. 95-115 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Political parties, Socialist government, Labor union, Political history. KEYWORDS: AOF (Afrique Occidentale Française); PPS (Parti Progressiste Soudanais); RDA (Rassemblement Démocratique Africain); Konaté, Mamadou; Sissoko, Fily Dabo. 7378 Diarrah, Cheick Oumar. Le Mali de Modibo Keita. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1986. 197 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Socialist government, Political instability, Development planning, Economic crisis. KEYWORDS: Keita, Modibo; Francophone Africa; CFA monetary area. Assesses the life of President Modibo Keita and his attempt to construct a socialist nation. Explores the problems facing the socialist leader at independence and assesses the causes of his downfall in 1968. Suggests that his demise can be attributed to overly ambitious socialist policies, which did not suit Mali. 7379 Traore, Mamadou Balla. "Système juridique et régulation sociale chez les Mandeng du Mali." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique 96, no. 791 (July/October 1986): 257-270. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Traditional political system, Civil rights, Traditional legal system. KEYWORDS: Mandingo people; Bambara people. Addresses the judicial system of the Mandingo people of Mali, which focuses both on fundamental valorization of what is just, and on nyama, which deals with social regulation. SEE ALSO 2801, 2864, 3077, 5072,13063, 14646.

Population

7380 Diawara, Bibi. "The enumeration of nomads and semi-nomads: Methodology and selected results from the 1976 census of Mali." In: Population, Health and Nutrition in the Sahel: Issues in the Welfare of Selected West African Communities, edited by Allan G. Hill. London: KPI, 1985. 65-77 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Population distribution, Demographic analysis, Pastoralism. KEYWORDS: Mali Population Census 1976. 7381 Hill, Allan G. "The recent demographic surveys in Mali and

506

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MALI/Population

their main findings." In: Population, Health and Nutrition in the Sahel: Issues in the Welfare of Selected West African Communities, edited by Allan G. Hill. London: KPI, 1985. 41-63 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Mortality rate, Fertility, Population distribution, Household analysis. KEYWORDS: Bambara people; Fulani people; Tamasheq people. 7382 Randall, Sara, and Michael Winter. ' T h e reluctant spouse and the illegitimate slave: Marriage, household formation and demographic behaviour amongst Malian Tamasheq from the Niger Delta and the Gourma." In: Population, Health and Nutrition in the Sahel: Issues in the Welfare of Selected West African Communities, edited by Allan G. Hill. London: KPI, 1985. 153-182 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Fertility, Population distribution, Marriage, Household analysis, Women's studies. KEYWORDS: Niger River; Tamasheq people; Gourma people; Niger Inland Delta, Mali.

Canada: Revue canadienne des études africaines, 1985. 359-367 pp. biblio, other docs. SUBJECTS: Nonformal education, Islam, Religion. KEYWORDS: Medersa school system, Mali.

Rural Development

7389 Mazur, Robert E. "Rural out-migration and labour allocation in Mali." In: Rural Migration in Developing Nations: Comparative Studies of Korea, Sri Lanka and Mali, edited by Calvin Goldscheider et al. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1984. 209-288 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Rural-urban migration, Labor force, Colonialism, Rural development, Village development, Household analysis, Income inequality. KEYWORDS: Sikasso, Mali; Kita, Mali; Dogon people.

7383 Sow, Hamady B. "Mali." In: L'Evaluation des effectifs de la population des pays africains, vol. 1, edited by Groupe Démographie Africain. Paris: Groupe Démographie Africain, 1982. 157-165 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Population growth. KEYWORDS: census; peasant population.

SEE ALSO 13102.

Private Sector

7390 International Labour Organisation, and PECTA. Disparités de revenus entre les villes et les campagnes au Mali. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: International Labour Office, 1982. 94 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Income distribution, Income inequality, Price policy, Agricultural marketing, Public sector. KEYWORDS: SMIG (Salaire Minimum Interprofessionel Garanti).

7384 Le Boterf, Guy. "Les Apprentis dans le projet d'appui au secteur non structuré urbain de Bamako (éléments d'une recherche participative et propositions pour l'action)." Genève Afrique! Geneva Africa 22, no. 1 (1984): 71-90. SUBJECTS: Informal sector, Commercial sector, Technical training, Nonformal education. KEYWORDS: ILO; apprenticeship; Bamako, Mali; participant observation. 7385 Sidibé, Hamadoun. "Réparation et récupération à Bamako." In: Vivre et survivre dans les villes africaines, edited by Isabelle Deblé and Philippe Hugon. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1982. 147-152 pp. SUBJECTS: Informal sector, Urban development, Urban growth, Construction industry, Small business. KEYWORDS: Bamako, Mali.

Socioeconomic Analysis

Technology

7391 Clamagirand, Bernard. "Technologies traditionnelles et modernisation: l'exemple de la fabrication du beurre de karité." In: Introductions à la coopération en Afrique noire, edited by BLACT, Antoine Bouillon, and François Devalière. Paris: Karthala, 1983. 77-83 pp. SUBJECTS: Appropriate technology. KEYWORDS: karité (shea) butter.

Religion Urban Development 7386 Amselle, Jean-Loup. "Le Wahabisme à Bamako (1945-1985)." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 19, no. 2 (1985): 345-357. biblio, other docs. SUBJECTS: Youth issues, Islamic society, Religion, Religious politics. KEYWORDS: RDA (Rassemblement Démocratique Africain); Wahabism; Bamako, Mali. 7387 Amselle, Jean-Loup. "Le Wahabisme à Bamako (1945-1985)." In: Les Défricheurs de l'Islam en Afrique occidentale, edited by Bogumil Jewsiwicki and Jean-Louis Triaud. Quebec, Canada: Revue canadienne des études africaines, 1985. biblio, other docs. SUBJECTS: Religion, Islam, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: Wahabisme; AMUPI (Association Malienne pour l'Unité et le Progrès de l ' I s l a m ) ; U S R D A ( U n i o n S o u d a n a i s e - R a s s e m b l e m e n t Démocratique Africain). 7388 Sanankoua, Diarra Bintou. "Les Ecoles 'coraniques' au Mali: problèmes actuels." In: Les Défricheurs de l'Islam en Afrique occidentale, edited by Bogumil Jewsiwicki and Jean-Louis Triaud. Quebec,

7392 Alpha, Boubacar Traore. "Appropriation et aménagement de l ' e s p a c e : le cas de B a m a k o ( 1 9 0 8 - 1 9 8 5 ) . " In: Processus d'urbanisation en Afrique, volume 1, edited by Catherine CoqueryVidrovitch. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1988. 119-134 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Urban planning policy, Historical analysis, Urban growth. KEYWORDS: Bamako, Mali. Traces the historical development and growth of Bamako, Mali, from a small village of 1,000 inhabitants 150 years ago, to an urban complex of 700,000 inhabitants in 1985. Divides Bamako's growth into four distinct periods: 1908-1960, 1960-1973, 1973-1980, and 1980-1985. 7393 Colvin, Lucie Gallistel. "Mali." In: The Uprooted of the Western Sahel: Migrants' Quest for Cash in the Senegambia, edited by Lucie Gallistel Colvin, Cheikh Ba, Boubacar Barry, Jacques Faye, and Alice Hamer. New York: Praeger, 1981. 260-286 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Urbanization, Rural development, Public policy, In-

M AURIT ANI A / C o l o n i a l i s m

frastructure, Urban planning policy, Taxation policy. KEYWORDS: Bamako, Mali. 7394 Vaa, Mariken. "Paths to the city: Migration histories of poor women in Bamako." In: Small Town Africa: Studies in Rural-Urban Interaction, edited by Jonathan Baker. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1990. 172-181 pp. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Urban poverty, Rural-urban migration, Urban growth, Migration pattern, Case study. KEYWORDS: Bamako, Mali. Addresses internal migration in West Africa, as well as Bamako's growth in size and population. Notes that little is known about women's migration specifically but provides some case studies of individuals. SEE ALSO 13108.

Women and Gender

7395 Caughman, Susan. Women and Development in Mali: An Annotated Bibliography. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: ECA, 1982. 34 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Women and development, Rural development, Urban development, Education opportunity, Women's studies. KEYWORDS: women's organizations. 7396 Creevey, Lucy E. "Family farms and improved development assistance for rural women in Mali." In: Discovering the African Past: Essays in Honor of Daniel F. McCall, edited by Norman R. Bennett. Boston, Massachusetts: African Studies Center, Boston University, 1987.131-148 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Household analysis, Women's

• 507

economic role, Food production, Division of labor, Development planning. KEYWORDS: USAID. Discusses the family production system in Mali from the perspective of its women members. Describes the way in which development assistance programs may differentially affect rural women. Identifies factors that can be applied in shaping decisions and avoiding earlier mistakes and confusion in development programs. 7397 Rondeau, Chantal. "Les Restaurantrices de la nuit á Bamako (Mali)." Labour, Capital and Society ¡Travail, capital et société 22, no. 2 (November 1987): 262-286. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Informal sector, Women's economic role, Division of labor, Family. KEYWORDS: street traders; Bamako, Mali; restaurants. Presents an overall picture of the informal restaurant and food-selling sector in Bamako, Mali. Determines the principal characteristics of foodselling activities, particularly those conducted at night. Examines how the more successful women in this sector work and manage their activities. Anaylzes women in terms of the sexual division of labor, the role of the family structure, and the intense labor required for success. 7398 Wéry, René. "Women in Bamako: Activities and relations." In: Sex Roles, Population and Development in West Africa: Policy-related Studies on Work and Demographic Issues, edited by Christine Oppong. Portsmouth, New Hampshire: Heinemann, 1987. 45-62 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Demographic analysis, Division of labor, Income inequality, Household analysis, Health care policy. KEYWORDS: child care. Examines the life of women living in Bamako, Mali. Assesses the complexities of the productive and reproductive life of African women. Addresses the concept of the household. SEE ALSO 15304.

MAURITANIA Agriculture

7399 Cheikh, Abdel Wedoud Ould. "Mauritania: Nomadism and peripheral capital." In: African Agriculture: The Critical Choices, edited by Hamid Ait Amara and Bernard Founou-Tchuigoua. Toyko, Japan: UN University Press, 1990. 68-99 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Pastoralism, Social change, Livestock production, Market economy, Capitalist development. KEYWORDS: core-periphery relations. Highlights the character of pastoral production as it has become integrated into a commodified economy. Addresses the social and political nature of the changes undergone by pastoralists, including changes in income, women's status, and state-pastoralist relations. Analyzes the establishment of a market in cattle. 7400 Martin, Frédéric. "Aide alimentaire et politique des prix céréaliers en République Islamique de Mauritanie." Revue canadienne d'études de développement/Canadian Journal of Development Studies 4, no. 1 (1983): 37-61. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Agricultural marketing, Foreign aid, Food aid. KEYWORDS: cereals. 7401 Martin, Frédéric. Aide alimentaire et politique des prix céréaliers en République Islamique de Mauritanie. Montréal, Canada: University of Montreal, 1982. 65 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural sector, Foreign aid, Food aid. KEYWORDS: grain. 7402 Martin, Frédéric. "Aide alimentaire et politique des prix

céréaliers en République Islamique de Mauritanie." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 36, no. 3/4 (July/December 1982): 909-929. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Agricultural marketing, Foreign aid, Food aid. KEYWORDS: cereals. 7403 Ould Cheickh, Abdel Wedoud. "Nomadisme et capitalisme périphérique en Mauritanie." In: L'Agriculture africaine en crise dans ses rapports avec l'état, /' industrialisation et la paysannerie, edited by Hamid Ait Amara and Bernard Founou-Tchuigoua. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1989. 225-275 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Pastoralism, Trade relations, Capitalist economy, Economic integration, Class analysis, Ethnicity, Livestock production. KEYWORDS: Sahel. Examines the economic factors of pastoralism and its relationship with the overall national trade systems in Mauritania. Covers the social and political aspects of the economic integration of a changing pastoral group in the society. SEE ALSO 12877.

Colonialism

7404 de Chassey, Francis. Mauritanie: 1900-1975: facteurs économiques, politiques, idéologiques et éducatifs dans la formation d'une société sous-développée. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1984. 492 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Class analysis, Leadership analysis, Traditional society, Neocolonialism, Islamic society, Imperialism,

5 0 8 • M AURIT A N I A / C o l o n i a l i s m Decolonization. KEYWORDS: France-Mauritania relations; Daddah, Moktar Ould; PPM (Parti du Peuple Mauritanien); POLISARIO.

Economics

International relations, North-South relations, Traditional political system, Traditional society. KEYWORDS: factionalism; Daddah, Moktar Ould. Examines North-South tensions in Mauritania. Addresses political factionalism with particular reference to the Western Sahara war and its ramifications for the Mauritanian economy. SEE ALSO 15315.

7405 Bouboutt, Ahmed Salem Ould. "Le Statut des établissements publics, des sociétés d'économie mixte et des personnes morales de droit privé bénéficiant du concours financier de l'état en Mauritanie." Année africaine (1984): 116-134. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Development planning, Judicial system, Economic system, Public sector, State-owned enterprise. KEYWORDS: Mauritania Public Enterprises Reform. 7406 Carr, David W. "The difficulty of restoring economic viability with lopsided development: The Mauritanian case." The Journal of Developing Areas 18, no. 3 (April 1984): 373-386. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic planning, Economic policy, Resource distribution, Mining, Drought, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: iron. 7407 Duteil, Mireille. "Chroniques intérieures: Mauritanie." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 25 (1988): 783-793. tables. SUBJECTS: Political analysis, Ethnicity, Ethnic conflict, Foreign policy, Economic development, Structural adjustment. Provides an overview of political and economic developments in Mauritania during 1986. Stresses both the ethnic conflicts and the structural adjustment difficulties. 7408 Gibbs, David. "The politics of economic development: The case of the Mauritanian fishing industry." The African Studies Review 27, no. 4 (December 1984): 79-93. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Foreign investment, Economic dependency, Fishing industry, Economic nationalism. 7409 Martin, Frederic. "Food aid and cereals price policy in the Islamic republic of Mauritania." African Studies Association Papers 26, no. 83 (December 1983): 1-32. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Population growth, International cooperation, Economic development, Income distribution, Subsistence economy, Price policy, Food aid. KEYWORDS: cereals. SEE ALSO 14244.

Environment 7410 Toupet, Charles. "La Régénération des milieux naturels dans le domaine sahélien: l'exemple mauritanien." In: Le Développement rural en questions: paysages, espaces ruraux, systèmes agraires, edited by Chantai Blanc-Pamard. Paris: ORSTOM, 1984. 75-88 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Ecological analysis, Environmental degradation, Development planning, Drought. KEYWORDS : reforestation; pluviométrie evolution.

Foreign Relations 7411 Stewart, Charles C. "North-South dialectic in Mauritania: An update." The Maghreb Review 11, no. 1 (January/February 1986): 40-45. tables. ALSO COVERS: Chad, Western Sahara. SUBJECTS:

General

7412 Bonte, Pierre. "L"Ordre' de la tradition: evolution des hiérarchies statutaires dans la société maure contemporaine." Revue de l'occident musulman et de la Méditerranée 54, no. 4 (1989): 118-129. SUBJECTS: Political system, Social development policy, Traditional society. KEYWORDS: social organization; slavery. Demonstrates how Mauritanian hierarchical values interfere with economic and political problems despite French colonialism and centralization. Examines two types of social values in Mauritanian society: (1) egalitarian in terms of ethnic origins and (2) hierarchical. 7413 Decraene, Philippe. "La Poursuite des mutations de la République Islamique de Mauritanie." L'Afrique et l'Asie modernes no. 160 (Spring 1989): 78-86. SUBJECTS: Urbanization, Fishing industry, Political system. KEYWORDS: sedentarization; iron. Analyzes the evolution of Mauritania's political system since independence. Examines the sedentarization policy toward nomads, urbanization, the potential of the fishing and iron industries, and agricultural policies. Claims that there are no connections between the onetime French colony and the new Islamic Republic of Mauritania. 7414 Diallo, Amadou. "Réflexions sur la question nationale en Mauritanie." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 21 (1984): 389-412. tables. SUBJECTS: Ethnie conflict, Decolonization, Nationalism. KEYWORDS: MND (Mouvement Nationale Démocratique). 7415 Duteil, Mireille. "Chronique mauritanienne." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 27 (1990): 733-741. SUBJECTS: Political analysis, Religious politics, Regional cooperation, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: Taya, Maaouya Ould; IMF. Examines the political and economic situation in Mauritania during 1987 by outlining the societal rupture, ethnic tensions, foreign and regional concerns, and economic restructuring. 7416 Gerteiny, Alfred G. Historical Dictionary of Mauritania. Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow, 1981. 98 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Political history, Bibliography. 7417 Grayzel, John. " L a n d t e n u r e and d e v e l o p m e n t in Mauritania:The causes and consequences of legal modernization in a national context." In: Land and Society in Contemporary Africa, edited by R. E. Downs and S. P. Reyna. Hanover, New Hampshire: University Press of New England, 1988. 309-339 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Land tenure system, Economic development. KEYWORDS: Moor people; Toucouleur people; Soninke people; land concentration. Focuses on the difficulties arising from attempts in Mauritania to create a national policy on land tenure that would facilitate economic development in a manner appropriate for different ecological zones and production patterns in the face of markedly different traditional societies. 7418 Grayzel, John Aron. Modernizing Land Tenure in Mauritania: The Role of Law in Development. Boston, Massachusetts: African

M A U R I T ANI A / P l a n n i n g a n d D e v e l o p m e n t Studies Center, Boston University, 1986. 24 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: State-owned enterprise, Rural development, Traditional society, C o l o n i a l i s m , M o d e r n i z a t i o n , Land tenure system, Law. KEYWORDS: Toucouleur people; Arab people; Berber people. Examines the direct and indirect effects of state policy on traditional land tenure systems. Explores the struggles between traditional farmers and pastoralists, and agroindustrialists and parastatals. 7419 Library of Congress Federal Research Division. Mauritania, a Country Study. Washington, DC: Library of Congress, 1990. 218 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Algeria, Western Sahara. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Geographical analysis, International relations, Political analysis, Economic analysis, National security, Drought. KEYWORDS: Daddah, Moktar Ould; France-Africa relations; Haidalla, Mohamed Khouma; Taya, Maaouiya Ould Sid Ahmed; Nouakchott, Mauritania. Analyzes Mauritania's political, economic, and social situation, as well as its national security and institutions. Addresses how these sectors are affected by culture. 7420 Marchesin, Philippe. "Juge moderne et droit musulman: le cas de la Mauritanie." Afrique contemporaine 156, no. 4 (1990): 261-266. SUBJECTS: Judicial system, Civilrights. KEYWORDS: Islamic law. Examines the conflict between the Islamic judicial system and the inherited colonial judicial system in terms of civil rights. 7421 Nihan, G., and R. Jourdain. "Le Secteur non structuré 'moderne' de Nouakchott." In: Comprendre l'économie en Afrique, edited by Frederic Gagey. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1985. 296-307 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Informal sector, Employment, Urban development. KEYWORDS: Nouakchott, Mauritania.

Fishing industry, Industrial development. KEYWORDS: FranceMauritania relations. Traces the evolution of and fluctuations in Mauritania's economy since independence by covering the economic conditions at the time of independence and the uneven development of Mauritania's fishing, mineral, rural, and industrial sectors. Analyzes population growth, employment transformations, and the uneven economic growth during the period. 7426 Gibbs, David. "The politics of food in Africa: The case of fishing in Mauritania." African Studies Association Papers 26, no. 54 (December 1983): 1-20. tables. SUBJECTS: Fishing industry, Underdevelopment, Literacy, Technical training, Export policy, Industrial development, Trade policy. KEYWORDS: marine development.

Legal System 7427 Salem Ould Bouboutt, Ahmed. "Existe-t-il contentieux administratif autonome en Mauritanie: réflexions à propos d'une décision jurisprudentielle récente." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique 95, no. 786/787 (January/June 1985): 58-88. other docs. SUBJECTS: Legal system, Judicial system, Human rights, Administration. KEYWORDS: Mauritania Supreme Court; Ould Boutte.

Migration

7422 Robert, Dieter. Recueils bibliographiques concernant la Mauritanie. Nouakchott, Mauritania: D. Robert, 1985. 252 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography.

SEE ALSO 13036.

7423 Tauzin, Aline. "Le Gigot et l'encrier: maîtres et esclaves en Mauritanie à travers la littérature orale." Revue de l'occident musulman et de la Méditerranée 51, no. 1 (1989): 74-90. SUBJECTS: Arts, Literature review, Resistance movement. KEYWORDS: oral tradition; slavery. Examines expressions of resistance by Mauritanian slaves against the established social order through oral literature. Looks at the institution of Mauritanian slavery, slave rights, and reactions.

Military Affairs

SEE ALSO 6933,7330, 12991, 15319, 15330, 15341, 15344.

Health 7424 Traore, Baba. "Demographic characteristics and trends amongst the nomads of Mauritania." In: Population, Health and Nutrition in the Sahel: Issues in the Welfare of Selected West African Communities, edited by Allan G. Hill. London: KPI, 1985. 105-114 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Traditional society, Fertility, Mortality rate, Pastoralism. KEYWORDS: nomadic people.

• 509

7428 Duteil, Mireille. "Chronique intérieure: la Mauritanie." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 24 (1987): 687-696. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Political analysis, Coup d'état, Economic reform, Regional conflict. KEYWORDS: Ould Taya, Maaouya; CMSN (Comité Militaire de Salut National). Provides an overview of political life in Mauritania during 1985. Assesses the political and economic consequences of the 1985 coup d'état and relations between Mauritania and its neighbors. 7429 Duteil, Mireille. "Chroniques intérieures: Mauritanie." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 23 (1986): 943-955. tables, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Western Sahara. SUBJECTS: Political analysis, Coup d'état, Regional conflict, Economic crisis, Warfare. KEYWORDS: POLISARIO; Mauritania-Western Sahara War. Provides an overview of political life in Mauritania during 1984. Emphasizes the coup d'état and the ongoing war in Western Sahara. Includes a chronological table. SEE ALSO 3823, 15354, 15355.

Industry

Planning and Development

7425 Bel, Maïten. "L'Economie mauritanienne." Revue du monde musulman et de la Méditerranée 54, no. 4 (1989): 141-148. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Uneven development,

7430 Crousse, Bernard. "Etatisation ou individualisation: la réforme foncière mauritanienne de 1983." Politique africaine no. 21 (March 1986): 63-76. SUBJECTS: Development planning, Land-use policy,

510

• M AU R I T A N I A / P l a n n i n g a n d D e v e l o p m e n t

Land reform. KEYWORDS: spatial analysis. Assesses Mauritania's land-use policy, specifically the 1983 land reform ordinance. Examines the law, its implications, and how it affects traditional land policies.

Politics

7431 Baduel, Pierre Robert. "Mauritanie 1945-1990 ou l'état face à la nation." Revue de l'occident musulman et de la Méditerranée 54, no. 4 (1989): 11-51. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Political violence, Political parties, Nation-building, Ethnic politics. KEYWORDS: Babana, HormaOuld; Daddah, Moktar Ould; CMSN (Comité Militaire de Salut National). Examines the political evolution, traumas, and difficulties of the Mauritanian state since 1945. Includes analyses of the 1989 riots; the Horma Babana, Moktar Daddah, and CMSN governments; and the persistent problem of ethnicism. 7432 Duteil, Mireille. "Chroniques intérieures: la Mauritanie." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 21 (1984): 633-653. biblio, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Morocco. SUBJECTS: Political analysis, Political instability, Warfare, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: POLISARIO; Mauritania-Western Sahara relations; CMRN (Comité Militaire de Redressement National); AMD (Alliance pour une Mauritanie Démocratique); SAMIN (Société Arabe des Mines de l'Inchiri).

Population

7433 Colvin, Lucie Gallistel. "Mauritania." In: The Uprooted of the Western Sahel: Migrants' Quest for Cash in the Senegambia, edited by Lucie Gallistel Colvin, Cheikh Ba, Boubacar Barry, Jacques Faye, and Alice Hamer. New York: Praeger, 1981. 244-259 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Urbanization, Migration, Population density, Demographic analysis, Economic growth rate. KEYWORDS: Nouakchott, Mauritania. 7434 Noel, Gérard. "Mauritanie." In: L'Evaluation des effectifs de la population des pays africains, vol 2, edited by Groupe Démographie Africain. Paris: Groupe Démographie Africain, 1984. 205-222 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Population growth. KEYWORDS: census.

Religion

7436 Bouboutt, Ahmed Salem Ould. "L'Evolution des institutions de la République Islamique de Mauritanie." Revue du monde musulman et de la Méditerranée 54, no. 4 (1989): 130-140. tables. SUBJECTS: Religious politics, Government analysis, One-party system, Military government, Islam, Islamic society. KEYWORDS: Islamic law; CMSN (Comité Militaire de Salut National); PPM (Parti du Peuple Mauritanien). Examines the evolution of political institutions in the Islamic Republic of Mauritania. Studies the period of civilian rule and singleparty government from the time of independence to 1978, the seizure of power and military rule, and the return to constitutional rule. 7437 Cheick, Abdel Wedoud Ould, and Bernard Saison. "Le Théologien et le somnambule: un épisode récent de l'histoire almoravide en Mauritanie." In: Les Défricheurs de l'Islam en Afrique occidentale, edited by Bogumil Jewsiwicki and Jean-Louis Triaud. Quebec, Canada: Revue canadienne des études africaines, 1985. 301317 pp. biblio, other docs. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Religion, Islam. KEYWORDS: Almoravide people.

Urban Development

7438 D'Hart, Olivier. "Les Kébés (bidonvilles de Nouakchott)." Afrique contemporaine 139 (July/September 1986): 36-55. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Infrastructure, Population distribution, Urbanization, Drought, Urban population. KEYWORDS: Nouakchott, Mauritania. A study of population distribution in Mauritania, comparing the slums of Nouakchott with other regions. Concludes that the slums are a result of drought and poor economic conditions. 7439 Laborie, Jean-Paul, Jean-François Langumier, and Cheik Saad Bouh Kamara. L' Urbanisation de la Mauritanie: enquête de trois villes secondaires: Rosso, Kijfa etAioun-El-Atrouss. Paris: Documentation Française, 1988. 92 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Urbanization, Urban planning policy, Demographic analysis, Migration, Income distribution, Rural-urban relations. KEYWORDS: Rossoregion, Mauritania; Kiffaregion, Mauritania; Aioun-El-Atrouss region, Mauritania. Explores the socioeconomic and demographic changes due to urbanization and rural migration in three secondary cities of Mauritania. Examines the regional development of the three cities in terms of labor, income, and new social structure.

Regionalism/Nationalism

SEE ALSO 13116.

7435 El Hacen, Moctar Ould. "Centre et régions en Mauritanie." Revue du monde musulman et de la Méditerranée 54, no. 4 (1989): 149-160. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Regionalism, Regional planning policy, Administration. KEYWORDS: Nouakchott, Mauritania. Explores the administrational and regional divisions in Mauritania. Examines the socioeconomic causes of this extreme regionalization, which has occurred since 1960. Analyzes contemporary regional origins, vocations, and inadequacies in terms of population distribution and economic activities.

Women and Gender

SEE ALSO 15360.

7440 Kane, Aïssata. "Le Mouvement associatif traditionnel en Mauritanie: la femme et les associations traditionnelles." In: L'Identité associative en Afrique et la participation des ONG au développement en vue d'un nouvel ordre mondial: Actes du Colloque UAI, 1984, edited by Paul Ghils. Brussels, Belgium: UAI, 1984. 42-45 pp. SUBJECTS: Traditional society, Women and development, Nongovernmental organization, Women's studies. KEYWORDS: women's associations.

MAURITIUS/General

• 511

MAURITIUS Agriculture

7441 Dassyne, Rajen, Mahmood A. Mansour, Kishone Mundile, and Palma Veerapen. Regards sur le monde rural mauricien. Port Louis, Mauritius: ENDA-Océan Indien, 1981. 79 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Women's economic role, Rural development, Smallholder agriculture. KEYWORDS: Vale, Mauritius; Holyrood, Mauritius.

University of Nairobi, 1983.119 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural research, Secondary education, Education reform, Academic research. 7447 Reddi, Sadasivam Jaganada. The Teaching of History at School Certificate Level and Suggestions for a Reform ofHistory of Mauritius Syllabus. Nairobi, Kenya: University of Nairobi, 1981. 81 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Education reform, Statistical analysis, Education system, Academic research. KEYWORDS: history discipline. SEE ALSO 4761.

7442 Virashawmy, Raji. State Policies and Agriculture in Africa: The Case of Mauritius. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Institute of Development Research, 1984. 22 pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural policy, Plantation economy, State intervention, Commercial agriculture, Export economy. KEYWORDS: sugar.

General

Economics

7448 Anonymous. AneeroodJugnauth: le premier ministre du changement. Port Louis, Mauritius: Nouveau Militant, 1982. 98 pp. SUBJECTS: Biography, Historical analysis, Political parties. KEYWORDS: Jugnauth, Aneerood; IFB (Independent Forward Bloc); MMM (Mouvement Militant Mauricien).

7443 Gulhati, Ravi. The Making of Economic Policy in Africa. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1990. I l l pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Malawi, Zambia. SUBJECTS: Economic policy, Economic reform, Structural adjustment. Analyzes major policy developments in sub-Saharan Africa and their consequences. Addresses the impact of politics on policy and the history of policy development. Examines three cases of economic reform in Mauritius, Malawi, and Zambia and suggests directions for future reforms. 7444 Lamusse, Roland. Macro-Economic Policy in a Small Open Economy: The Case of Mauritius. Boston, Massachusetts: AfricanAmerican Issues Center, 1986. 30 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic policy, Export policy, Monetary policy, Import policy. Analyzes post-World War II transformations in the Mauritian economy. Examines the impact of government-established import controls, which were introduced to protect balance of payments. Details the areas of economic growth and the related wage and employment statistics from 1975 to 1980. SEE ALSO 746.

Education

7445 Bheenick, Rundheersing, and Esther Hanoomanjee. Mauritius: Towards an Industrial Training Strategy. Port Louis, Mauritius: Ministry of Economic Planning and Development, 1988. 218 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Development policy, Technical training, Education system, Industrial development. Describes the current formal education system in Mauritius and the policies that produced it. Outlines a program for its transformation to a more technical orientation. Includes an appendix with case studies of model schools that have already been developed with technical training as their focus. 7446 Jeeroburkhan, M. Fazal. Evaluation of Agriculture Science Project in Mauritius. Nairobi, Kenya: Kenya Institute of Education,

7449 Amo, Toni, and Claude Orian. lie Maurice: une société multiraciale. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1986.182 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Race relations, Social change, Population policy, Migration. KEYWORDS: multiracial culture; Indian people. Proposes an approach to the problem of racism by exploring the multiracial experience of Mauritius. Claims that the Mauritian solution, although it has been difficult to achieve, offers more possibilities for success than either the melting pot or the apartheid notion. 7450 Callikan, D., and M. K. Gundooa, eds. The Mauritius Handbook. Port Louis, Mauritius: Government Printing Office, 1989. 130 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural sector, Economic system, Education system, Civilian government, Health care system, Industrial sector. KEYWORDS: tourism. Briefly examines all the major sectors of Mauritian society and gives a short history of the people and politics of the island. Contains numerous government statistics and policy outlines. 7451 Chelin, Antoine. Maurice: une île et son passé. Sainte-Clotilde, Réunion: Bibliothèque Indianocéanienne/CRI, 1989. 537 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Colonialism, Administration. Draws on historical accounts to address Mauritian history from 1500 to 1947. Examines the various colonial invasions, from the Portuguese to the French. Traces the evolution of the different administrations established on the island. 7452 Dordain, Dominique, and Philippe Hein. "Economie ouverte et industrialisation: le cas de l'Ile Maurice." Afrique contemporaine 151, no. 4 (1989): 16-28. ALSO COVERS: Africa. SUBJECTS: Economic management, Industrialization, Foreign trade. KEYWORDS: tourism; competitiveness; free trade zone; EEC. Reviews the rapid economic growth in Mauritius during the previous decade, especially in light of the country's export industries. Examines the internal and external factors on which the dynamics of the Mauritian model are based. Claims that this development does not conform to the growth patterns engendered by capital flows, nor is it reducible to the free-trade-zone status of Mauritius. 7453 Fleurot, Robert. Les Pêcheurs à l'Ile Maurice: une expérience de libération. Port Louis, Mauritius: Institut pour le Développement et le Progrès, 1984. 40 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Case

512

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study, Economic development, Self-sufficient economy, Fishing industry. 7454 Groupe "Progrès et Liberté." Une Analyse critique du programme commun de gouvernement MMMIPSM. Port Louis, Mauritius: Groupe "Progrès et Liberté," 1981. 39 pp. SUBJECTS: Political parties, Energy industry, Foreign policy, Economic policy. KEYWORDS: MMM (Mouvement Militant Mauricien); PSM (Parti Socialiste Mauricien). 7455 Houbert, Jean. "Mauritius: Independence and dependence." The Journal of Modern African Studies 19, no. 1 (March 1981): 75-105. SUBJECTS: Development theory, Economic dependency, Military intervention, Neocolonialism, Agricultural development, Islam. KEYWORDS: monocrop economy; Indian people; Mauritius Labor Party; export processing. 7456 Lamusse, Roland, A. Mansoor, S. Ragobur, and Georges Easton. L'Industrie du tabac à l'Ile Maurice: une étude de l'impact social et économique. Port Louis, Mauritius: Mauritius Stationary Manufacturers, 1987. 49 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Employment, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: tobacco; BAT (British American Tobacco Company). Seeks to highlight the social and economic impacts of the tobacco production sector on Mauritian development. Claims that although tobacco industry revenue is a significant factor in raising the island's standard of living, the industry's social implications should not go unnoticed. 7457 Mannick, A. R. Mauritius: The Politics of Change. Mayfield, UK: Dodo, 1989. 172 pp. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Economic development, Political development, Social change. KEYWORDS: MMM (Mouvement Militant Mauricien). Addresses at length the context of colonialism and the fight for independence. Traces the impact of rapid change on the social and economic development of Mauritius. Analyzes the political movements in the postindependence era. 7458 Mehta, Shiv Rattan. Social Development in Mauritius: A Study on Rural Modernization in an Island Community. New Delhi, India: Wiley Eastern, 1981. 175 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Modernization, Social stratification, Statistical analysis, Marriage, Rural development. 7459 Oodiah, Malenn Deena. "Le Développement du mouvement syndical à l'Ile Maurice." Afrika Spectrum 21, no. 1 (1986): 77-100. tables. SUBJECTS: Trade union, Historical analysis, Political conflict. KEYWORDS: MMM (Mouvement Militant Mauricien); GWF (General Workers Federation); communalism. Examines trade unionism in Mauritius since the first pre-World War II phase. Presents the reasons for and the philosophies of certain movements and political struggles in which communalism played a major role. Analyzes the birth of the MMM and the GWF. Chronicles the subsequent rise of the left and the replacement of the trade union movement according to government policy.

Mauritius. New Delhi, India: Vision, 1982. 208 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Biography, National liberation movement, Agricultural development, Economic development. KEYWORDS: Ramgoolam, Seewoosagur. 7462 Selwyn, Percy. "Mauritius: The Meade Report twenty years after." In: African Islands and Enclaves, edited by Robin Cohen. Beverly Hills, California: Sage, 1983. 249-276 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Employment, Population growth. KEYWORDS: welfare state; Meade Report 1961. SEE ALSO 1592, 12769.

Health

SEE ALSO 6537.

Industry

7463 Lamusse, Roland. The Breakthrough in Export Processing Industrialization in Mauritius. Boston, Massachusetts: AfricanAmerican Issues Center, 1986. 26 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic policy, Industrial policy, Industrial development, Export policy. KEYWORDS: export processing. Analyzes the rapid creation of the Mauritian industrial export economy from 1970 to 1983. Cites the success of industrial exports in creating additional jobs and export earnings in the Mauritian economy. Suggests possible reasons for the success and the need to maintain successful industries.

Labor

7464 Allgoo, Rajpalsingh. Le Mouvement syndical à l'Ile Maurice. Port Louis, Mauritius: Artisans and General Workers' Union, 1985. 110 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Labor unrest, Labor union, Working class, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: AGWU (Artisans and General Workers' Union); Anquetil, M. Emmanuel; Parti Travailliste.

Legal System

7460 Oraison, André. "A Propos du conflit franco-mauricien sur le récif de Tromelin (la succession d'états sur l'ancienne Ile de Sable)." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique no. 794 (May/September 1987): 304-356. maps, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Madagascar. SUBJECTS: Territorial sovereignty, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: Tromelin Island; France-Mauritius relations. Analyzes the territorial sovereignty of the Island of Tromelin in the southwest Indian Ocean. Examines the island's traditional colonial relationship with France and explores whether the island should today remain with France or belong to either Mauritius or Madagascar.

7465 Daudet, Y., and M. Meetarbhan. "La Cour Suprême de l'Ile Maurice." In: Les cours suprêmes en Afrique: I, organisation, finalités,procédure, edited by Gérard Conac. Paris: Economica, 1988. 278-298 pp. SUBJECTS: Judicial system, Law, Legal development, Civil rights, Freedom of expression. KEYWORDS: supreme court. Traces the development of the legal and judicial system in Mauritius. Concentrates on the supreme court as the regulator of judicial power and a guarantor of democracy. Analyzes the constitutionality of certain Mauritian laws and rights.

7461 Ramgoolam, Seewoosagur. Our Struggle:

7466 Daudet, Yves. "Le Juge et les droits mixtes: l'exemple de l'Ile

20th

Century

MOROCCO/Agriculture • 513 Maurice." Afrique contemporaine 156, no. 4 (1990): 267-272. SUBJECTS: Judicial system. KEYWORDS: supreme court; mixed law. Examines the judge and the judge's role in the mixed-law system of Mauritius. Defines mixed law as the application of successive colonial traditions, which have left their marks on the judicial system of Mauritius. 7467 Kenyon, Carleton W. Mauritius: Law of Criminal Procedure. Washington, DC: Law Library, Library of Congress, 1983. 45 pp. SUBJECTS: Law, Legal development, Crime, Parliamentary government, Judicial system. KEYWORDS: criminal law.

PMSD (Parti Mauricien Social Démocrate); Labour Party (Mauritius). Analyzes the competitive model of a multiparty system in a case study of Mauritius and describes the conditions that explain the continuation of the system during the fifteen years after independence. 7471 Gabriel, C. "Communalisme, structures sociales et dépendence économique à l'Ile Maurice." Politique africaine no. 10 (June 1983): 97-112. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Labor union, Elections. KEYWORDS: MMM (Mouvement Militant Mauricien); OPR (Organisation du Peuple Rodriguais). 7472 Houbert, J. "Décolonisation en pays créole: l'Ile Maurice et la Réunion." Politique africaine no. 10 (June 1983): 78-96. ALSO COVERS: Reunion. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Decolonization, Political independence, Economic dependency, Colonialism.

7468 Manrakhan, Vijay, ed. The Probation Framework: Mauritius Probation and After Care Service. Port Louis, Mauritius: Ministry of Social Security, Probation and After Care Service, 1990. 112 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Legal system, Crime, Marriage, Youth issues. KEYWORDS: penal system; probation; suicide. A collection of articles on the criminal justice system in Mauritius. Considers the police, the prosecutors, the courts, sentencing, and the penal system. Addresses such issues as juvenile delinquency, parole, community service, divorce, addiction, and suicide. Provides a number of tables on penal rates.

7473 Simmons, Adele Smith. Modern Mauritius: The Politics of Decolonization. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1982. 242 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Political history, Decolonization, Political independence, Class analysis, Labor union, Constitutional reform. KEYWORDS: Banwell Commission; Mackenzie-Kennedy Proposals.

Planning and Development

Population

7469 Joint Economic Committee. Progress through Productive Employment: A Socio-Economic Report Prepared by the Joint Economic Committee. Port Louis, Mauritius: Organisation Normale des Enterprises, 1982. 175 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Employment, National development, Economic policy, Infrastructure, Public sector. KEYWORDS: austerity measures; Joint Economic Committee 1982.

7474 Vilquin, Eric J. C. "Maurice." In: L'Evaluation des effectifs de la population des pays africains, vol. 1, edited by Groupe Démographie Africain. Paris: Groupe Démographie Africain, 1982. 167-182 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Population growth. KEYWORDS: census.

Religion Politics

7470 Darga, L. Amédée. "Social dynamics and the competitive model of a multi-party system: A case study of Mauritius." In: Democracy and the One-Party State in Africa, edited by Peter Meyns and Dani Wadada Nabudere. Hamburg, West Germany: Institut für Afrika-Kunde, 1989.284-304 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Models, Political analysis, Political development, Political history. KEYWORDS:

7475 Dinan, Monique. The Mauritian Kaleidoscope: Languages and Religions. Port Louis, Mauritius: Best Graphics, 1986. 74 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Religion, Traditional society, Islamic society, Christianity, Language policy. Analyzes Mauritian language and religion. Cites statistics from the 1952, 1962, 1972, and 1983 censuses to claim the growth, and relative size, of the various religious groups. Gives a brief history of language development and religious practice on the island.

MOROCCO Agriculture

7476 Beneria, Lourdes. Rural Development, International Markets and Labour Appropriation by Sex: A Case Study ofL'Oulja Region, Morocco. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1986.22 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Women's studies, Agricultural cooperatives, Women's economic role, Grass roots movement. KEYWORDS: rural women; Oulja Region, Morocco; women's organizations.

A case study prepared for the Programme on Rural Women within the framework of the World Employment Programme, which seeks to improve the social and economic conditions of rural women through research, studies, workshops, seminars, technical cooperation services, and pilot projects. 7477 Colloque Agraire du P.P.S., ed. Le PPS et la question agraire: contribution à un débat. Casablanca, Morocco: Al Bayane, 1980/1982. 661 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural policy, Rural population, Capital formation, Capitalist development, Agrarian reform, Agricultural marketing, Agricultural development.

514

•

MOROCCO/Agriculture

KEYWORDS: PPS (Parti du Progrès et du Socialisme); marocanisation; EEC. 7478 Decroux, Paul. "Droit foncier et économie agricole au Maroc." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 37, no. 3 (June 1983): 645-654. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Agricultural development, Land-use policy, Land tenure system, Land reform, Ethnicity. KEYWORDS: jemaa. 7479 El Khyari, Thami. "L'Administration et le développement de l'agriculture du Maroc indépendant." In: Edification d'un état moderne: le Maroc de Hassan II, edited by Georges Vedel. Paris: Albin Michel, 1986.285-305 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Administration, State intervention, Economic analysis, Land tenure system. Addresses the problem of agricultural development and its relationship with the state administration. Draws on agricultural and ecological theories as well as the land tenure system in an effort to study the socioeconomic problem of agricultural development policy in independent Morocco. 7480 El Mesmoudi, Tahar. Le Crédit agricole et le développement de l'agriculture au Maroc. Rabat, Morocco: Société Marocaine des Editeurs Réunis, 1982. 512 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Credit policy, Agricultural production, Agricultural development, Historical analysis, Financial system, Agricultural extension service, Agricultural cooperatives. 7481 Grayzel, John Aron. "Farm size and agricultural credit in Morocco: Correcting distorted information in the development process." In: Anthropology and Development in North Africa and the Middle East, edited by Muneera Salem-Murdock and Michael M. Horowitz, with Monica Sella. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1990. 47-73 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Smallholder agriculture, Credit policy, Farming system, Anthropological analysis. KEYWORDS: CNCA (Caisse Nationale Crédit Agricole); CRCA (Caisse Régionale Crédit Agricole); CLCA (Caisse Locale Crédit Agricole); USAID. Defines the anthropologist's role in development as separating the real from the ideal. Uses a case study of USAID to examine (1) differing farm sizes against the academic dualities of large and small; (2) rhetoric about credit for small farmers against their actual credit situation; and (3) project design against implementation. 7482 Khrouz, Driss. "D'une Economie politique pour l'analyse des zones semi-arides: cas des vallées de Ziz; de Guir et de Ghris." In: Intégration économique des provinces sahariennes et développement national: colloque international organisé par l'Association des Economistes Marocains, edited by AEM. Casablanca: Maghrébines, 1985. 167-185 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Peasant economy, Food production, Pastoralism, Migration. KEYWORDS: Ziz valley, Morocco; Ghris valley, Morocco; Guir valley, Morocco. 7483 Khrouz, Driss. "La Politique agricole du Maroc." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 25 (1988): 477-500. tables. SUBJECTS: Cash crop production, Agricultural development, Agricultural production, Development planning, Irrigation, Food production, State intervention. Examines how Morocco has sought to improve its agricultural productivity. Asserts that Morocco has begun to disengage the state from pricing policies and that it has taken a more liberal route when in comes to marketing agricultural products. 7484 Merriam, John G. "Morocco's commitment to agrarian reform and rural development: An examination." The Maghreb Review 8, no. 3/4 (May/August 1983): 77-84. tables. SUBJECTS: Irrigation, Agrarian reform, Rural development, Agricultural sector. KEYWORDS: agricultural mechanization. 7485 Munson, Henry, Jr. "Slash-and-burn cultivation, charcoal

making, and emigration from the Highlands of Northwest Morocco." In: Anthropology and Development in North Africa and the Middle East, edited by Muneera Salem-Murdock and Michael M. Horowitz, with Monica Sella. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1990. 30-46 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Farming system, Environmental degradation, Land tenure system, Migration, Natural resource management, Rural poverty. KEYWORDS: swidden agriculture; Tangier, Morocco; Jbalan Highlands, Morocco; Bni Harshan District, Morocco; charcoal. Analyzes the government's antierosion program, noting that it has resulted in increases of rural-urban migration and charcoal-making rather than their decrease. Demonstrates that this is due to a failure to consider the local social, economic, and ecological characteristics of the area, especially the needs of the poor. 7486 Pascon, Paul. "La Petite et moyenne hydraulique au Maroc: problèmes institutionnels et juridiques posés par son extension au Maroc." In: Les Politiques de l'eau en Afrique: développement agricole et participation paysanne, edited by Gérard Conac, Claudette Savonnet-Guyot, and Françoise Conac. Paris: Economica, 1985.443477 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Water supply, Smallholder agriculture, Rural development, Legal system, Irrigation. KEYWORDS: ORMVA (Office Régional de Mise en Valeur Agricole); ASAP (Association Syndicale Agricole Privilégiée). 7487 Pascon, Paul. Le Haouz de Marrakech. Vol. 1 of 2. Rabat, Morocco: Centre Universitaire de la Recherche Scientifique, 1983. 392 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Agricultural production, Geographical analysis, Historical analysis, Economic analysis, Sociological analysis, Ecological analysis. KEYWORDS: Marrakech, Morocco; Haouz Plain, Morocco. 7488 Pascon, Paul. Le Haouz de Marrakech. Vol. 2 of 2. Rabat, Morocco: Centre Universitaire de la Recherche Scientifique, 1983. 165 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Rural development, Capitalist development, Economic analysis, Colonialism, Sociological analysis, Agricultural production. KEYWORDS: Marrakech, Morocco; Haouz Plain, Morocco; modes of production; Caïd system. 7489 Pascon, Paul, and Mohammed Ennaji. Les Paysans sans terre au Maroc. Casablanca, Morocco: Toubkal, 1986.141 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Credit policy, Peasant society, Agricultural labor, Land distribution, Socioeconomic analysis, Regional development, Agricultural policy. Addresses issues pertaining to landless peasants in Morocco. Identifies the category of rural individuals who make their living primarily through farming but who are forced to seek a complementary income because their parcel is either insufficient or impermanent. 7490 Popp, Herbert. "Experiences with agricultural development projects in Morocco." The Maghreb Review 12, no. 5/6 (September/December 1987): 166-175. maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural p r o d u c t i o n , A g r i c u l t u r a l d e v e l o p m e n t , Land-use policy. KEYWORDS: Sebou project; Souss project; Massa project. Examines the success of three agricultural projects in different areas of Morocco. 7491 Swearingen, Will D. Moroccan Mirages: Agrarian Dreams and Deceptions, 1912-1986. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1987. 217 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Agricultural policy, Geographical analysis, Agricultural research, Irrigation, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: Hassan II, Muhammad. Discusses the evolution of agricultural policy in Morocco starting with the colonial period. Focuses on the primary role that imported ideas have played in Moroccan agricultural policy. Describes

MOROCCO/Economics

problems with the current policy and suggests ways in which these problems might be addressed. 7492 Swearingen, Will D. "Morocco's agricultural crisis." In: The Political Economy of Morocco, edited by I. William Zartman. New York: Praeger, 1987. 159-172 pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Agricultural policy. Explores the symptoms, causes, and solutions of Morocco's agricultural crisis. Argues that Morocco's agricultural crisis is not the result of natural causes but of agricultural development efforts and government policy. 7493 Swearingen, Will D. "Not a drop of water to the sea: The colonial origins of Morocco's present irrigation programme." The Maghreb Review 9, no. 1/2 (January/April 1984): 26-38. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Colonialism, Agricultural development, Water supply, Irrigation. SEE ALSO 10285.

Class

7494 Majid, Majdi. Les Luttes de classes au Maroc depuis /' indépendance. Rotterdam, Netherlands: Hiwar, 1987.192 pp. SUBJECTS: Class formation, Class struggle, Marxist analysis, Historical analysis, Political development, Neocolonialism, Economic dependency. Examines the relationship between social classes in Morocco from 1955 through the 1980s. Suggests that the government, monopoly capital, and local ruling class have continued a process of economic dependency in which the majority of the population gets brushed aside. 7495 Pascon, Paul. "Segmentarité et stratification dans la société rurale marocaine." In: Structures et cultures précapitalistes: actes du colloque tenu à /' Université Paris VII, edited by René Gallissot. Paris: Anthropos, 1981.429-446 pp. SUBJECTS: Social stratification, Rural development, Traditional political system, Colonialism, Class formation, Rural population. 7496 Sehimi, Mustapha. "Les Elites parlementaires: continuité ou renouvellement?" In: Edification d'un état moderne: le Maroc de Hassan II, edited by Georges Vedel. Paris: Albin Michel, 1986. 96-113 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Political elite, Elite analysis, Political participation. KEYWORDS: USFP (Union Socialiste des Forces Populaires). Studies political participation by the Moroccan elite. Describes the elite system in terms of its socioprofessional origin and political role.

Economics

7497 Akalay, O., M.R. Belkhayat, A. Berrada, and J. Darnaud, eds. Les Relations Banques-Entreprises: rencontre franco-marocaine. Lyon, France: Presses Universitaires de Lyon, 1986. 314 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Banking policy, Monetary policy, Development financing, Finance policy, Entrepreneurship, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: France-Morocco relations. Examines the role of banking and finance structures in creating small businesses in Morocco. Looks at the economic relations between

• 515

France and Morocco and their influence on economic development. 7498 Akesbi, Najib. "L'Etat marocain, pris entre les impératifs de la régulation et les exigences de l'extraversion." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 23 (1986): 543-586. tables. SUBJECTS: Cash crop production, Agricultural production, Economic dependency, Debt financing, Budget policy, Food production, Economic inequality. Examines how the economic strategies of the 1960s laid the groundwork for future economic dependence and disaster in Morocco. Explores Morocco's food production policy and shows the political implications of pricing policies. Asserts that heavy regulation has contributed to external debt. 7499 Akesbi, Najib. "Programmes d'ajustement structurel du FMI." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 10, no. 1/2 (1985): 101-121. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Budget policy, Monetary policy, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: IMF. 7500 Aqallal, Abdellatif. La Balance marocaine des paiements. Mohammédia, Morocco: Fédala, 1988. 305 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Monetary policy, Economic development, Debt crisis. KEYWORDS: IMF. Explores the consequence of structural adjustment on Moroccan development by examining the country's debt problem and the pressures placed by the IMF on Morocco to restructure Moroccan economy. Suggests that the exchange imbalance played a major role in the country's entire financial crisis of the late 1980s. 7501 Bakouchi, Abdellah. La Politique du crédit au Maroc. Casablanca, Morocco: Najah el Jadida, 1984. 158 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Credit policy, Colonialism, Banking policy, Historical analysis, Economic planning. KEYWORDS: Maroccanization; Morocco Five Year Plan 1973-1977; Banque du Maroc. 7502 Belal, Abdelaziz. Impératifs du développement national. Rabat, Morocco: Société d'Etudes Economiques, Sociales et Statistiques, 1984.207 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic policy, Agricultural development, Development planning. KEYWORDS: Maghreb. 7503 Benazzou, Chaouki. Le Maroc face à l'endettement extérieur: balance des paiements et dette publique extérieure, 1973-1983. Rabat, Morocco: Editions Maghrébines, 1986. 151 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS : Debt crisis, Balance of payments, Investment policy, International economic relations, Economic planning, Foreign trade, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: IMF; debt rescheduling. Addresses the foreign debt and balance of payments problems of Morocco. Divides the assessment into the evolution and tendencies of Moroccan balance of payments from 1973 to 1982 and the balance of payments situation in 1983. Examines the rescheduling of debt payments, the role of goods and services, and the IMF. 7504 Benkiran, Ali. "L'Expérience de la sous-traitance au Maroc." In: Etat et développement industriel au Maroc, edited by H. El Malik. Casablanca, Morocco: Editions Maghrébines, 1982.93-118 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Economic interdependence, International economic relations, Economic analysis, Industrial development. KEYWORDS: electrical industry. 7505 Berrada, Mohamed. "L'Administration économique au Maroc." In: Edification d'un état moderne: le Maroc de Hassan II, edited by Georges Vedel. Paris: Albin Michel, 1986. 251-276 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Administration, Economic development, Domestic investment, State intervention, Development planning, Import substitution. Describes the development planning policy undertaken by the Moroccan state on both the national and regional levels. Examines the role of the state in planning and improving the economic investment

516

•

MOROCCO/Economics

for national and regional as well as public and private enterprises. 7506 Celeste, Jean. Précis de fiscalité: prélèvement sur les traitements et salaires au Maroc. Mohammedia, Morocco: Fédala, 1982. 164 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Fiscal policy, Taxation policy, Economic system, Finance. 7507 Chevallier, Agnes, and Veronique Kessler. Economies en développement et défis démographiques: Algérie, Egypte, Maroc, Tunisie. Paris: Documentation Française, 1989. 148 pp. tables, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Algeria, Tunisia. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Economic development, Employment, Education system, Health care policy, Budget policy, Food production. KEYWORDS: UN; BIT (Bureau International du Travail); Maghreb. Describes the economic development problems and their relations to demographic growth as faced by such North African countries as Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia. Examines the problem by studying socioeconomic data from the UN and BIT. 7508 Darouich, Ahmed, Mohamed Chiguer, and Abdelkader Berrada. Etudes sur le secteur industriel au Maroc. Rabat, Morocco: Al Maârif al Jadida, 1988. 144 pp. SUBJECTS: Foreign capital, Small business, Investment policy, Financial system, Banking policy, Private investment, Public investment. Assesses certain fundamental aspects of industrial enterprises in Morocco and, more specifically, the blockages to development. Addresses the question of privatization. 7509 EI Ktiri, Mustapha. Fiscalité et développement au Maroc. Casablanca, Morocco: Editions Maghrébines, 1982. 215 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Fiscal policy, Taxation policy, Economic planning, Historical analysis, Economic management. 7510 El Malki, Habib. Au Delà des chiffres quel développement? Casablanca, Morocco: Editions Maghrébines, 1983. 232 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Commercial sector, Industrial sector, F i n a n c e , E c o n o m i c p l a n n i n g , E c o l o g i c a l analysis. KEYWORDS: Westernization. 7511 El Malki, Habib. "Crise économique et financière—austérité et FMI: le cas du Maroc." Africa Development/Afrique et développement 10, no. 1/2 (1985): 90-100. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic crisis. KEYWORDS: IMF; EEC. 7512 El Malki, Habib. "Crisis in the public sector: The case of Morocco." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 11, no. 1 (1986): 109-125. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Public sector, Centrally planned economy, Economic dependency. Analyzes three major problem areas in Morocco's public sector: its expansion because of weakness within the private sector, heavy subsidization, and lack of planning. 7513 El Malki, Habib. L'Economie marocaine: bilan d'une décennie 1970-1980. Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1982. 201 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Commercial sector, Industrial sector, Finance, Economic planning, Dependency theory, International economic relations. 7514 Fikri, Abdelkbir. Le Parlement marocain et les finances de l'état. Casablanca, Morocco: Afrique Orient, 1988. 199 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Parliamentary government, Budget policy, Financial system. KEYWORDS: public finance. Examines finance laws, debt, and fiscal reform during the 1980s in Morocco. Suggests that the financial sector rests in the hands of political actors and pressure groups so that understanding Moroccan fiscal policy is a matter of understanding the legislative institutions that appropriate capital.

7515 Hanane, Larbi, and Rachid Sbihi. Economie marocaine: une radioscopie. Rabat, Morocco: Al Maârif al Jadida, 1986. 290 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Investment policy, Geographical analysis, Agricultural policy, Industrial policy, Banking, Capital accumulation. Examines the economic and social challenges facing Morocco, including the natural environment and the impact it has on agriculture, mineral and energy resources, demographic and social problems, the constraints on productive accumulation in industrial and agricultural enterprises, and the financial crisis in banking. 7516 Hariti, Ahmed El. "Le Système de santé au Maroc entre les contraintes financières et les exigences sociales." Africa Development/Afrique et développement 13, no. 2 (1988): 5-27. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Public health, Health service, Budget policy, Government expenditure. Argues that health services in Morocco are receiving decreased financial resources while regional and social inequalities skyrocket. Recommends that the state seek alternative funding sources. 7517 Kadmiri, Abdelghani. "Appareil productif, état et relations financières." In: Etat et développement industriel au Maroc, edited by H. El Malki. Casablanca, Morocco: Editions Maghrébines, 1982. 119-127 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, State intervention, Economic growth policy. 7518 Kadmiri, Abdelghani. Economie et politique industrielle au Maroc. Casablanca, Morocco: Toubkal, 1988. 175 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Capital formation, Economic development, Financial system, Industrial development, Commercial sector. Examines the relationship between the productive sector (specifically industrial groups) and the state and how this relationship influences the financial system. Further explores how the politics of industry take into account the economic constraints that weigh on countries' industrial production. 7519 Lahbabi, Mohamed. Positions et propositions aufil des jours. Casablanca, Morocco: Editions Maghrébines, 1982. 446 pp. tables, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Western Sahara. SUBJECTS: Economic policy, Historical analysis, Economic development, Underdevelopment, I n d u s t r i a l i z a t i o n , N a t i o n a l i z a t i o n , Agrarian r e f o r m . KEYWORDS: iron; energy policy; chemicals; EEC. 7520 Lahlou, Aziz. "L'Evolution économique du Maroc à travers les inégalités." Peuples noirs; peuples africains 5, no. 26 (March/April 1982): 6-20. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Underdevelopment, Capitalist economy, Private investment, Foreign investment. KEYWORDS: social inequality. 7521 Lamzoudi, Mohamed. Fiscalité marocaine: taxe sur le chiffre d'affairs. Casablanca, Morocco: Editions Maghrébines, 1985.208 pp. SUBJECTS: Fiscal policy, Taxation policy, Finance policy. 7522 Lyazidi, Khalid. La Responsabilité du banquier au Maroc. Rabat, Morocco: Mithaq-Almaghrib, 1985. 226 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Banking, Banking policy, Banking, Law, Judicial process, Credit policy. KEYWORDS: Moroccan Bank Law 1967. 7523 Rhazaoui, Ahmed. "Recent economic trends: Managing the indebtedness." In: The Political Economy of Morocco, edited by I. William Zartman. New York: Praeger, 1987. 141-158 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Debt crisis, Economic crisis, Structural adjustment. Analyzes Morocco's arrival in dire economic straits. Addresses the role of outside factors such as oil prices, drought, and war in this decline. Reviews economic reforms during the previous decade. 7524 Saâdi, Mohamed Said. Les Groupes financiers

au

Maroc.

MOROCCO/Foreign Relations •

Rabat, Morocco: Okad, 1989. 385 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS : Financial system, Private sector, Capitalist development, Economic nationalism, International economic relations. Explores the relationship between the privatization policy, national financial groups, and the capitalist development system undertaken by Morocco during the two decades after independence. Examines the impact of economic nationalism on the financial system during that era. 7525 Santucci, Jean Claude. "Chronique intérieure: le Maroc." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 24 (1987): 641-685. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Economic development, Political repression, Political development, Human rights, Regional conflict. KEYWORDS: Western Sahara-Morocco conflict 1975-present; POLISARIO; PI (Parti de l'lstiqlal); Hassan II, Muhammad. Provides an overview of political life in Morocco during 1985. Addresses the political implications of economic readjustment; political repression; and tensions over Western Sahara. Includes a 1985 chronology of events, government documents, and general economic statistics. 7526 Seddon, David. "The politics of 'adjustment' in Morocco." In: Structural Adjustment in Africa, edited by Bonnie K. Campbell and John Loxley. Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan, 1989. 234-265 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Economic crisis, Economic development policy, International economic system. KEYWORDS: IMF; World Bank. Draws on historical economic analysis to address the growing economic crisis of Morocco from its independence in 1956 to the 1980s. Examines the preliminary measures adopted to resolve the crisis and the contradictory socioeconomic forces acting on the Moroccan government during its attempt to implement stabilization and structural adjustment policies. 7527 Sehimi, Mustapha. "Le Nouveau droit des investissements étrangers au Maroc." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 38, no. 3 (September 1984): 794-810. SUBJECTS: International relations, Private investment, Foreign investment, Taxation policy, Legal system, Investment policy. KEYWORDS: CIRDI (Centre International pour le Règlement des Différends Relatifs aux Investissements). 7528 Sentissi, Abderrahman. Aspects pratiques de la fiscalité marocaine: encouragements à la petite et moyenne industrie. Casablanca, Morocco: CEJEFIC, [ca. 1980s]. 125 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Fiscal policy, Taxation policy, Finance policy, Government economic management, Economic policy, Export policy, Industrial development. 7529 World Bank. Morocco: Economic and Social Development Report. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1981. 99 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Public investment, Agricultural sector, Commercial sector, Development financing, Social development policy, Urban development. 7530 Zartman, I. William, ed. The Political Economy of Morocco. New York: Praeger, 1987. 265 pp. SUBJECTS: Political economy studies, Political parties, Religious politics, Family, Debt crisis, International economic relations. KEYWORDS: Hassan II; Western Sahara-Morocco conflict. Analyzes the evolving monarchy of King Hassan, including his political consolidation and management of opposition. Addresses the new challenges facing the king in the context of recession and warfare. Provides a history of the events of the king's leadership. 7531 Zniber, Mohamed Fawzi. "Radioscopie de l'évolution des interventions publiques en matière d'habitat au Maroc (1976-1986)." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 25, no. 1986 (1988): 67-83. tables.

517

SUBJECTS: Economic development, Housing policy, Development financing, Development planning, State intervention. Addresses the period between 1976and 1986 with regard to state intervention in housing in Morocco, analyzing that intervention's impact on the development of slums in Morocco's cities. SEE ALSO 3708,4909,10296.

Education

7532 Bataillon, Claude, Marie-Paule Brugnes, Sylvie Didou, and Albert Ganancia. Universités et développement urbain dans le TiersMonde: études comparées de Fès (Maroc), Merida (Vénézuela), Morelia (Mexique), Sfax (Tunisie). Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1989. 180 pp. tables, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Tunisia. SUBJECTS: Higher education, Academic research, Socioeconomic analysis, Political analysis, Sociological analysis, Decentralization. KEYWORDS: Maghreb. Addresses the issues of higher education in Third World countries by using Morocco and Tunisia as examples. Analyzes how the implementation of higher education systems such as universities, in specific geographical areas, modifies social attitudes, changes urban landscapes, and acts on economic development processes. 7533 Benjelloun-Larom,La.tif&. Les Bibliothèques au Maroc. Paris: G.-P. Maisonneuve et Larose, 1990.413 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Literature review, Formal education, Education system, Islam. KEYWORDS: libraries; Hasaniyya Library; AlQuarawiyyin Library; Ibn Yusuf Library. Presents a precise and systematic description of private and public libraries in Morocco. Provides a historical account of the origins of as well as academic and scientific research guidance in every library. 7534 Gruner, Roger. "Des Marocains jugent leur enseignement." L'Afrique et l'Asie modernes 150 (1986): 67-82. ALSO COVERS: North Africa. SUBJECTS: Education policy, Language policy, Islamic society. KEYWORDS: Arabic language; French education system; Islamic education; authenticity. Proposes that Moroccan education can be divided into several branches: traditional Islamic (Koranic schooling), French education (with a few hours of Arabic), and the "écoles libres" (free schools), which followed the French structure but instructed in Arabic. Focuses on universal accessibility and Moroccanization.

Foreign Relations

7535 Ammor, Mohammed Fouad. Le Maroc dans l'économie mondiale. Casablanca, Morocco: Toubkal, 1987. 157 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: International economic relations, Division of labor, Capitalist development, Credit policy, Transnational corporations, Foreign investment. KEYWORDS: Maroccanization; IMF. Analyzes Morocco's role in the international economy and the factors that determine Moroccan integration of international specialization. Examines the particularities of a new global economic phase and how these constitute the inauguration of a new type of global capital accumulation. 7536 Association des Economistes Marocains. Le Maroc et le monde arabe face à la CEE. Casablanca, Morocco: Éditions Maghrébines,

5 1 8 • MOROCCO/Foreign Relations 1982. 317 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International economic relations, Arab nations, Trade relations, International cooperation, Labor migration, Foreign aid, Trade policy. KEYWORDS: EEC-Morocco relations; minerals. 7537 Berramdane, Abdelkhaleq. "Hassan II-Shimon Pères: cinq enseignements d'une rencontre singulière." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 241124?, (1986): 6-14. SUBJECTS: International relations, Diplomatie relations, Arab nations. KEYWORDS: Israel-Morocco relations; IsraelPalestinian relations. Discusses a July 1986 meeting between Muhammad Hassan and Shimon Peres. Argues that Hassan was motivated by desires to improve relations between Morocco and the US and to bridge a gap between the Arab world and Israel. 7538 Berramdane, Abdelkhaleq. Le Maroc et l'Occident, 18001974. Paris: Karthala, 1987.500pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Historical analysis, Colonialism, Diplomatie relations, Economic integration. KEYWORDS: Europe-Morocco relations; Barka, Ben. Traces the history of economic and political relations between Morocco and the West. Suggests that most of the time Morocco was a supportive and loyal ally of the West but made efforts to befriend nations in the Eastern bloc as well. 7539 Boudahrain, Abdellah. "La Coopération intérétatique en matière d'extradition: le cas du Maroc." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 37, no. 1/2 (January/March 1983): 228243. SUBJECTS: International cooperation. KEYWORDS: extradition. 7540 Codo, Leon Cesar. "Le Maroc en Afrique au sud du Sahara: politique africaine ou manoeuvres politiques conjoncturelles? (deuxième partie)." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 241/242 (1986): 3-23. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Regional conflict, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: international alliance theory; OAU. Assesses the role that Morocco plays in regional politics in sub-Saharan Africa. Examines the relationship between Morocco and the OAU. 7541 Damis, John. "Les relations Etats-Unis avec le Maroc." Maghreb Machrek no. I l l (January/March 1986): 5-23. tables. ALSO COVERS: Libya. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Military aid, International cooperation, International economic relations. KEYWORDS: US-Morocco relations; Reagan, Ronald. Assesses the history, scope, and nature of US-Morocco relations, especially in light of political crises in the Middle East. 7542 Damis, John. "The impact of the Saharan dispute on Moroccan foreign and domestic policy." In: The Political Economy of Morocco, edited by I. William Zartman. New York: Praeger, 1987. 188-211 pp. ALSO COVERS: Western Sahara. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, International relations, Warfare. KEYWORDS: S ADR (Saharan Arab Democratic Republic); OAU; USFP (Union Socialiste des Forces Populaires); Western Sahara-Morocco conflict. Notes that the dispute over the Western Sahara dominates Moroccan foreign and domestic policy. Sketches Morocco's campaign for Western Sahara. Analyzes the impact this war has had on Morocco's foreign relations. 7543 Flory, Maurice. "Note sur la demande d'adhésion du Maroc à la communauté économique européenne." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 23 (1986): 705-709. SUBJECTS: International relations, Decolonization, Geopolitics, Economic integration. KEYWORDS: EEC; Hassan II, Muhammad. States that decolonization continues to play a role in directing

relations between the EEC and Northern Africa. Examines MoroccanEuropean relations in light of an interview conducted by Le Monde with King Hassan II. Assesses both economic and political relations. 7544 Serghini, Chaouki. "Les Déterminants de la politique extérieure du Maroc." In: Edification d'un état moderne: le Maroc de Hassan II, edited by Georges Vedel. Paris: Albin Michel, 1986.431-451 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, International relations, Political analysis. Examines the political foundations and the institutional and ideological factors of Moroccan foreign policy. 7545 Tessler, Mark. "Moroccan-Israeli relations and the reasons for Moroccan receptivity to contact with Israel." The Jerusalem Journal ofInternational Relations 10, no. 2 (June 1988): 76-108. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, Diplomatic relations, Arab nations. KEYWORDS: Israel-Morocco relations; Hassan II, Muhammad; Peres, Shimon. Addresses the July 1986 meetings between Hassan II and Shimon Peres in Ifrane, Morocco. Acknowledges that Hassan's diplomatic initiative resulted from his desire to mollify the US administration and thereby bolster his own political and economic position. SEE ALSO 10308, 15314, 15315, 15316, 15317, 15318.

General

7546 Abdelmalki, Lahsen. "L'Industrie du bâtiment au Maroc." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord. 25 (1988): 93-101. SUBJECTS: Construction industry, Housing policy. KEYWORDS: FBCF (Formation Brute de Capital Fixe). Contends that construction has become an essential factor in Moroccan development. Assesses the success and failure of the construction industry in Morocco. 7547 Ariam, Claude. Rencontres avec le Maroc. Paris: Découverte, 1986. 199 pp. biblio, maps. SUBJECTS: Geographical analysis, Colonialism, Social stratification, Islam, Population distribution, International relations, Regional cooperation. KEYWORDS: Hassan II, Muhammad; France-Morocco relations; PI (Parti de l'lstiqlal). Presents a comprehensive overview of Morocco; discusses the complexity of society, recent regional and international politics, history, royal authority, physical geography, Islam, and familial relations. 7548 Association des Economistes Marocains, ed. Intégration économique des provinces sahariennes et développement national: colloque international organisé par l'Association des Economistes Marocains, Rabat, le 9-10 janvier, 1984. Casablanca, Morocco: Editions Maghrébines, 1985. 397 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: North Africa, Western Sahara. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Geographical analysis, Rural development, Water supply, Economic analysis, Fishing industry, Economic integration. KEYWORDS: aridoculture; OAU. 7549 Ayache, Albert. "Monographie d'une entreprise coloniale: la Compagnie Sucrière Marocaine (C.O.S.U.M.A.) 1929-1955." In: Actes du Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique: XIX et XX siècles, volume 1, edited by Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique: XIX et XX siècles. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1983. 463-475 pp. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Industrial development, Food production. KEYWORDS: COSUMA (Compagnie Sucrière Marocaine); sugar. 7550 Belbachir, Said. "Décentralisation communale et development économique et social." In: Edification d'un état moderne: le Maroc de Hassan II, edited by Georges Vedel. Paris: Albin Michel, 1986.

MOROCCO/General 139-151 pp. SUBJECTS: Decentralization, Economic development policy, Socioeconomic analysis. Analyzes decentralization at the communal level. Examines the social and economic implications of decentralization for the local planning policy within communities. 7551 Belguendouz, Abdelkrim. "L'Emigration marocaine dans l'Europe en crise et la formation professionelle ou le mythe des retours productifs." In: L'Emigration magrébine en Europe: exploitation ou coopération? edited by Rachid Amellal and Malik Kessal. Algiers, Algeria: Centre de Recherches en Economie Appliquée, 1981. 127205 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: North Africa. SUBJECTS: Migration, Economic crisis, Labor force. KEYWORDS: Europe-Morocco relations; professionals; AFPA (Association de la Formation Professionelle des Adultes); immigration. 7552 Boudahrain, Abdellah. "Pour un droit du travail conformé aux droits de l'homme au Maroc." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 43, no. 3/4 (July/October 1989): 533544. SUBJECTS: Civil rights, Labor policy, Private sector. KEYWORDS: workers' rights. Claims that the difficulties of modern economics call for a revision of workers' rights in Morocco. Proposes a revision according to a human philosophy of labor and enterprise wherein civil right will have acquired a prominent place. Claims that this will permit the elaboration of worker rights statutes in which humans occupy the central place. 7553 Caratini, Sophie. "Répartition de l'espace et hiérarchies chez les Rgaybât." Maghreb Machrek no. 123 (January/March 1989): 120-131. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Pastoralism, Sociological analysis, Family. KEYWORDS: territorial expansion; Rgaybât people. Addresses the Rgaybât nomads of the northwest Sahara and establishes a relationship between the group's social history and the space it controls. Examines the group's constitution across familial and pastoral processes of expansion. 7554 Carver, Norman F. North African Villages: Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia. Kalamazoo, Michigan: Documan, 1989.199 pp. maps. ALSO COVERS: Algeria, Tunisia. SUBJECTS: Housing policy, Geographical analysis, Rural population. KEYWORDS: traditional housing. Desribes traditional North African housing using pictures and narrative to show the functionalism and variation in housing structures. Contains detailed description of the siting and plans of communal mosques and includes some information on modern village life. 7555 Centre des Hautes Etudes sur l'Afrique et l'Asie Modernes, ed. Regards sur le Maroc: actualité de Robert Montagne. Paris: CHEAM (Centre des Hautes Etudes sur l'Afrique et l'Asie Modernes), 1986. 239 pp. biblio, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Ethnicity, Political analysis, Sociological analysis, Colonialism, Traditional legal system. KEYWORDS: Berber people; Montagne, Robert. Addresses the ethnic status of Berber people within Moroccan society through historical, sociological, and political analyses. Explores the social and political organization of the Berber people, as well as the traditional legal system of precolonial Morocco. 7556 Chahdi, Hassan Ouazzani. "L'Organisation administrative des provinces sahariennes." In: Edification d'un état moderne: le Maroc de Hassan II, edited by Georges Vedel. Paris: Albin Michel, 1986. 173-199 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Regional integration, Administration, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: Sahraoui ProvinceMorocco relations. Studies the political integration of some Sahraoui, or Western Sahara, provinces within the Moroccan political arena by the kingdom of Morocco. Examines the organization of the administration structures of the provinces, as well as their socioeconomic role.

• 519

7557 Cheikh, Biadillah Mohamed. "Du N o m a d i s m e à la sédentarisation dans les provinces sahariennes." In: Intégration économique des provinces sahariennes et développement national: colloque international organisé par l'Association des Economistes Marocains, edited by AEM. Casablanca, Morocco: Editions Maghrébines, 1985. 31-39 pp. SUBJECTS: Pastoralism, Social change. KEYWORDS: sedentarization. 7558 Codo, Leon Cesar. "Le Maroc en Afrique au sud du Sahara: politique africaine ou manoeuvres politiques conjoncturelles (première partie)." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 237/238 (1985): 32-53. ALSO COVERS: Africa, Western Sahara. SUBJECTS: International relations, Pan-Africanism, Arab nations. KEYWORDS: OAU; regional politics. 7559 Doumou, Abdelali. "The state and popular alliances: Theoretical preliminaries in the light of the Moroccan case." In: Popular Struggles for Democracy in Africa, edited by Peter Anyang Nyong'o. Tokyo, Japan: Zed Books, 1987. 48-77 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: State power, Socioeconomic analysis, Nation-state. KEYWORDS: statesociety relations. Analyzes social ordering by looking at state functions aimed at the production and reproduction of the existing class system and its underlying socioeconomic structures. 7560 El Gharbaoui, Ahmed. La Terre et l'homme dans la péninsule Tingitane: étude sur l'homme et le milieu naturel dans le Rif occidental. Rabat, Morocco: Travaux de l'Institut Scientifique, 1981. 439 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Geographical analysis, Anthropological analysis, Demographic analysis, Agricultural production, Infrastructure, Environmental degradation, Livestock production. KEYWORDS: Tingitane Peninsula, Morocco; soil analysis; agricultural mechanization. 7561 El Maliki, Habib. L'Economie marocaine: bilan d'une décennie. Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1982. 201 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic planning, Economic analysis, Public sector, Bourgeoisie, Agricultural sector, Industrial sector. KEYWORDS: Morocco Five Year Plan 1973-1977; state capitalism; sectoral analysis; tourism. 7562 Essaid, Mohammed-Jalal. "Les Assemblées provinciales et préfectorales: une approche de la régionalisation?" In: Edification d'un état moderne: le Maroc de Hassan II, edited by Georges Vedel. Paris: Albin Michel, 1986. 153-171 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Regional planning policy, Political analysis, Socioeconomic analysis. Analyzes the regional planning policy and the role of the region or province in the politics and economy of the nation of Morocco. 7563 Findlay, Anne M., Allan M. Findlay, and Richard I. Lawless, eds. Morocco. Oxford, UK: Clio, 1984. 311 pp. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Political history. 7564 Gallaf, M. El. "Les Structures financières des grandes entreprises industrielles." In: Etat et développement industriel au Maroc, edited by H. El Malki. Casablanca, Morocco: Editions Maghrébines, 1982. 129-159 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Financial system, Industrial sector, State intervention. 7565 Gaudio, Attilio. Maroc saharien: du Tafilalet au Rio de Oro. Paris: Dessain et Tolra, 1985. 141 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Geographical analysis, Anthropological analysis, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: Tafilalet Region, Morocco; Djebel Mountain; Ait ' Atta people. 7566 Gill, Theresa Garcia. "Urbanisme et architecture: lieux géométriques essentiels du débat tradition-modernité." Géopolitique

520

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MOROCCO/General

africaine 1 (February 1988): 153-165. SUBJECTS: Urban planning policy, Traditional society, Modernization. KEYWORDS: architecture. Examines the debate and reconciliation of tradition versus modernity in the context of urbanism. Analyzes the rapid and efficient growth of all inhabited centers whether it is a question of new construction, building rehabilitation, or management of existing structures. Presents a historical analysis of building and design tradition in Morocco. 7567 Hart, David. Dadda 'Atta and His Forty Grandsons: The Socio-Political Organisation of the Ait 'Atta of Southern Morocco. Cambridge, UK: Middle East and North African Studies, 1981. 260 pp. tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Anthropological analysis, Political history, Traditional legal system, Islamic society, Land tenure system, Kinship. KEYWORDS: Berber people; Ait 'Atta people. 17568 Hart, David M. Banditry in Islam: Case Studies in Morocco, Algeria and the Pakistan North West Frontier. Boulder, Colorado: Middle East and North African Studies, 1987. 86 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Algeria. SUBJECTS: Sociological analysis, Islamic society. KEYWORDS: Hobsbawm, E. J. Examines Hobsbawm's elaboration figure of the social bandit, using Islamic countries to test the model. Questions the universality of Hobsbawm's formulations. 7569 Hasbi, Aziz, and Ahmed Amjad. "L'OUA et la question nationale du Sahara." In: Edification d'un état moderne: le Maroc de Hassan II, edited by Georges Vedel. Paris: Albin Michel, 1986. 363-387 pp. other docs. A L S O C O V E R S : Western Sahara. SUBJECTS: Nationalism, Diplomatic relations, Conflict. KEYWORDS: OAU; Western Sahara-Morocco conflict 1975-present. Addresses the conflict between Morocco and Western Sahara. Discusses the role of OAU in the Western Sahara national problem and the resolution of the conflict. 7570 J a c q u e m o t , P i e r r e . "Les Modèles alternatifs d'industrialisation: quelques repères théoriques." In: Etat et développement industriel au Maroc, edited by H. El Malik. Casablanca, Morocco: Editions Maghrébines, 1982. 71-92 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Models, Industrialization, Economic theory. KEYWORDS: Amin, Samir. 7571 Kalflèche, Jean Marc. "Le Sahara, défi et levier." Géopolitique africaine 6 (April 1987): 7-26. ALSO COVERS: Western Sahara. SUBJECTS: Liberation movement, Economic policy, Islam. KEYWORDS: IMF; Islamic fundamentalism. Analyzes recent government, economic, and military policy in Morocco. Analyzes the budgetary allocation to the Western Sahara war and the regional cooperation with Algeria. Addresses economic difficulties and potentials in Morocco. 7572 Karsenti, Alain. "Les 'Terres collectives' du Gharb et le protectorat: modèle et réalités." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 27 (1990): 428-447. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Regional planning policy, Land reform, Models, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: Gharb, Morocco. Draws on historical and judicial analysis to examine the land tenure and land reform policy in the Gharb Region of Morocco. Describes various studies and theories of model-building and planning policy in the region. 7573 Lahlou, Aziz. "Aperçu sur le chômage et le sous-emploi au Maroc." Peuples noirs; peuples africains 5, no. 29 (September/October 1982): 77-94. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Unemployment, Underdevelopment, Rural development, Urban development, Population policy. KEYWORDS: underemployment.

7574 Lamouri, Mohamed. "Le Maroc et le non-alignement." In: Edification d'un état moderne: le Maroc de Hassan II, edited by Georges Vedel. Paris: Albin Michel, 1986. 416-429 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Nonaligned nation, International relations, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: New International Economic Order. Draws on historical accounts to address the status and the role of Morocco as a nonaligned country within the international system. 7575 Lotfi, Abdelhamid, ed. Bibliographie de Meknès. Meknès, Morocco: Faculté des Lettres et des Sciences Humaines de Meknès, 1988.209 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Agricultural production, Islam, Urban development, Geographical analysis, Economic analysis, Development planning. KEYWORDS: architecture; tourism; Meknès, Morocco. Contains French bibliographic references pertaining to Meknès in particular and Morocco in general. Includes reference books, fascicules and monographs, theses, official documents, other bibliographies, and maps. Publication dates extend from the colonial period to the present. 7576 Maaroufi, M. "L'O.D.I., instrument d'intervention dans le développement industriel." In: Etat et développement industriel au Maroc, edited by H. El Malik. Casablanca, Morocco: Editions Maghrébines, 1982. 63-69 pp. SUBJECTS: State intervention, Industrial development. KEYWORDS: ODI. 7577 Morton, Alice L. "Brokering social science in development: Experiences in Morocco." In: Anthropology and Development in North Africa and the Middle East, edited by Muneera Salem-Murdock and Michael M. Horowitz, with Monica Sella. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1990. 15-29 pp. SUBJECTS: Anthropological analysis, Rural development, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: social science discipline; Dryland Agriculture Applied Research; US AID; IAV (Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II); INRA (Institut National de Recherche Agronomique). Reviews the work of USAID to incorporate Moroccan social scientists into development projects. Based on personal experience working as a broker between English-speaking US development officers and French-speaking social scientists. Analyzes the role of social science and anthropology in development. 7578 Mrabet, Elarbi. Coopération internationale multilatérale et développement au Maroc. Paris: A. Pedone, 1983. 486 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: International cooperation, Development planning, Education policy, Privatization, Decentralization, Import substitution, Agricultural policy. KEYWORDS: World Bank; BNDE (Banque Nationale de Développement Economique); Maroccanization; IMF; UNESCO. 7579 Nellis, John R. "Tutorial decentralization in Morocco." The Journal of Modern African Studies 21, no. 3 (September 1983): 483-508. tables. SUBJECTS: Finance policy, Decentralization, Models, Historical analysis. 7580 Oulhadj, Zine El Abidine. "L'Etat et la régionalisation du développement industriel." In: Etat et développement industriel au Maroc, edited by H. El Malik. Casablanca, Morocco: Editions Maghrébines, 1982. 51-62 pp. SUBJECTS: State intervention, Regional development, Industrial development. KEYWORDS: CI AT (Comité Interministériel pour l'Aménagement du Territoire). 7581 Saïd, Ihraï. "Le Consensus sur la politique étrangère." In: Edification d'un état moderne: le Maroc de Hassan II, edited by Georges Vedel. Paris: Albin Michel, 1986. 453-470 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, Internal conflict, Historical analysis. Analyzes the political consensus conceded by Morocco for its

MOROCCO/Human/Civil Rights • 5 2 1

territorial claim of the late 1950s. Examines the political and ideological implications and causes that led to the consensus. 7582 Santucci, Jean Claude. "Chroniques intérieures: le Maroc." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 23 (1986): 899-942. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Regional conflict, Urbanization, Political repression, Democracy. KEYWORDS: Western Sahara-Morocco conflict 1975present. Provides an overview of politics and economics in Morocco in 1984. Includes chronological and statistical tables. 7583 Seddon, David. "Bread riots in North Africa: Economic policy and social unrest in Tunisia and Morocco." In: World Recession and the Food Crisis in Africa, edited by Peter Lawrence. London: James Currey, 1986. 177-192 pp. ALSO COVERS: Tunisia. SUBJECTS: Economic policy, Political opposition, Food scarcity, Income distribution. KEYWORDS: UGTT (Union Générale Tunisienne du Travail); IMF. Considers both the immediate causes and the underlying determinants of social unrest in Tunisia and Morocco early in 1984. Examines the political and economic implications of the January 1984 events. 7584 Sinaceur, Habib. "L'ONU et la question nationale du Sahara." In: Edification d'un état moderne: le Maroc de Hassan II, edited by Georges Vedel. Paris: Albin Michel, 1986. 337-361 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Conflict, Nationalism, Diplomatic relations. KEYWORDS: UN; Western Sahara-Morocco conflict 1975-present. Addresses the national problem of Western Sahara. Examines the diplomatic role of the UN in the resolution of the regional conflict between Morocco and Western Sahara. 7585 Suleiman, Michael W. "Attitudes, values, and the political process in Morocco." In: The Political Economy of Morocco, edited by I. William Zartman. New York: Praeger, 1987. 98-116 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Literature review, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: public opinion. Reviews four surveys done in Morocco from 1969 to 1980, which concerned social and political issues. Analyzes surveys of young rural Moroccans, university students in Rabat, Moroccan citizens in general, and secondary school students. Presents data on public attitudes on a range of topics. 7586 Suleiman, Michael W. "Socialization to politics in Morocco: Sex and regional factors." International Journal of Middle East Studies 17, no. 3 (August 1985): 315-327. tables. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Children, Sociological analysis, National identity. 7587 Tozy, Mohamed. "Le Roi commandeur des croyants." In: Edification d'un état moderne: le Maroc de Hassan II, edited by Georges Vedel. Paris: Albin Michel, 1986. 51-69 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Power politics, Religious politics, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: Hassan II, Muhammad; Khilafat (religious power structure); Khalifat (religious power structure). Examines the Moroccan royal power structure from its inception. Draws on historical accounts and religious and genealogical texts to show and sustain the legitimacy of the sanctity of the power of the king, designated as "commander of the believers." 7588 Wright, Claudia. "Journey to Marakkesh: U.S.-Moroccan security relations." International Security 7, no. 4 (Spring 1983): 163-179. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Military policy. KEYWORDS: Hassan II, Muhammad; Reagan, Ronald; Carter, Jimmy; US-Morocco relations. SEE ALSO 3782, 9205,10355, 10375,14707,15319,15321,15327,

15330,15332,15333,15335, 15337, 15341,15342, 15346.

Health

7589 Ministère du Plan, ed. Analyses et tendances démographiques au Maroc. Rabat, Morocco: Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Démographiques, 1986.229 pp. tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Mortality rate, Infant mortality, Fertility, Rural-urban migration, Population density, Family planning. KEYWORDS: ENFPF (Enquête Nationale sur la Fécondité et la Planification Familiale). Examines key factors contributing to recent demographic changes in Morocco in terms of statistics, maps, and tables. Designed for planners who examine population and structural change in Morocco and how such changes might affect population policy in relation to socioeconomic development.

Household and Family

7590 Chafi, Mohamed. "Le Nom de famille au Maroc." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 43, no. 1 (January/March 1989): 3-17. SUBJECTS: Family, Marriage, Law. Examines the evolution of the naming system in Morocco. Begins with the precolonial naming system wherein people were identified by their first name. Studies the procedure of choosing family names as instituted by the Dahir of 1950. 7591 Mernissi, Fatima. Sexe, idéologie, Islam. Casablanca, Morocco: Editions Maghrébines, 1985. 116 pp. SUBJECTS: Islam, Marriage, Women's studies, Social change, Family, Traditional society, Gender relations.

Human/Civil Rights

7592 Amnesty International. Maroc: rapport de mission. Paris: Editions Francophones d'Amnesty International, 1982. 102 pp. SUBJECTS: Political prisoners, Judicial system, Political system, Policy recommendation, Legal system, Police brutality. KEYWORDS: Amnesty International; prisons. 7593 Laabi, Abdellatif. Chroniques de la citadelle d' exile: lettres de prison 1972-1980. Paris: Denoel, 1983.316 pp. SUBJECTS: Political prisoners, Political activism, Police brutality, Freedom of expression. KEYWORDS: Laabi, Abdellatif. 7594 Lawyers Committee for Human Rights. Cleaning the Face of Morocco: Human Rights Abuses and Recent Developments. New York: Lawyers Committee for Human Rights, 1990.33 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Human rights, Detention, Freedom of expression, Legal system, Political prisoners, Police brutality. KEYWORDS: Morocco National Charter for Human Rights. A report accompanying the new Moroccan National Charter for Human Rights. Addresses problems in the legal and penal system, including detention, political prisoners, torture, and unfair trials.

522

• MOROCCO/Human/Civil Rights

7595 Souhaili, Mohamed. Les Damnés du royaume: le drame des libertés au Maroc. Paris: Etudes et Documentation Internationales, 1986. 93 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Civil rights, Human rights, Political repression, Political system, Authoritarian government, Police brutality. KEYWORDS : Hassan II, Muhammad; assassination; Marakesh prison hunger strike 1984; US-Morocco relations. Examines civil and human rights in the face of repressive Moroccan state policy. Traces the role of the monarchy in such activities as political assassinations, torture, labor union repression, and such forms of popular resistance as the 1984 Marakesh prison hunger strike. SEE ALSO 15347,15348.

Industry

7596 Abdelmalki, Lahsen. Le Logement au Maroc: changements techniques, stratégies industrielles, et enjeux sociaux. Lyon, France: Presses Universitaires de Lyon, 1987. 196 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Housing, Industrial development, Traditional society, Technology transfer, Industrialization, Construction industry. Explores the Moroccan housing crisis of the 1980s and assesses the role played by industrialization and technology transfer in that crisis. 7597 Association Marocaine de Prospective, ed. Développement et prospective: Seminaire de Beni-Mellal 21-22 mars 1980. Rabat, Morocco: Association Marocaine de Prospective, 1981.323 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Social change, Economic development, Mining, Higher education, Technological development, Energy use, Health care system. KEYWORDS: Arabization; curriculum; ocean exploitation; technological dependency. 7598 El Malki, H., ed. Etat et développement industriel au Maroc. Casablanca, Morocco: Editions Maghrébines, 1982. 227 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Industrial development, Industrial policy, Models, State intervention. KEYWORDS: DIT (Division Internationale du Travail); ODI. 7599 Hanane, Larbi. "Politique industrielle au Maroc et division internationale du travail: trajectoire de la politique industrielle à la recherche d'une place dans la D.I.T." In: Etat et développement industriel au Maroc, edited by H. El Malik. Casablanca, Morocco: Editions Maghrébines, 1982. 21-49 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Industrial policy, Division of labor, International economic relations, Industrial relations. KEYWORDS: DIT (Division Internationale du Travail); EEC. 7600 Kaioua, Abdelkader. L'Espace industriel marocain. Tours, France: URBAMA (Umanisation du Monde Arabe), 1984. 324 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Industrial development, Industrial production, Industrial relations, Employment, Finance. KEYWORDS: Kénitra, Morocco; textile industry; Mohammédia, Morocco. 7601 Khachani, M. "Etat et politique industrielle: le cas du projet sidérurgique de Nador." In: Etat et développement industriel au Maroc, edited by H. El Malki. Casablanca, Morocco: Editions Maghrébines, 1982. 161-186 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Industrial policy, State intervention, Industrial development, Public investment. KEYWORDS : Nador Region, Morocco; BEPI (Bureau d'Etudes et de Participations Industrielles); steel. 7602 Nezha, Benamour Lahrichi. Energie et Tiers-Monde non pétrolier: de la problématique générale à l'étude du cas marocain.

Casablanca, Morocco: Editions Maghrébines, 1985. 840 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Energy industry, Energy use, Oil industry, Historical analysis, International economic relations, Import policy, Nuclear energy. KEYWORDS: energy policy; OPEC; alternative energy. 7603 UNIDO. The Agro-Based industries in Morocco: Key Characteristics and Rehabilitation Issues. Vienna, Austria: UNIDO, 1990.62 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Industrial development, Manufacturing sector, Structural adjustment, Agricultural policy. KEYWORDS: agroindustry; agroprocessing. Examines the problems facing African manufacturing and its future. Provides a diagnostic survey of agroindustry rehabilitation needs in Morocco. Describes agroindustry and the food processing industries in Morocco and recommends policies to improve them. SEE ALSO 3805.

Labor

7604 Benhlal, Mohammed. "Le Syndicat comme enjeu politique au Maroc (1955-1981)." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 21 (1984): 217-258. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Labor union, Working class, Labor strike, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: UMT (Union Marocaine du Travail); UNFP (Union Nationale des Forces Populaires); CDT (Confédération Démocratique du Travail). 7605 Lahlou, Aziz. Emploi et inégalités au Maroc. Casablanca, Morocco: Editions Maghrébines, 1985. 461 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Employment, Unemployment, Labor policy, Labor migration, Economic planning, Women's economic role, Labor market. KEYWORDS: social inequality; social security; child labor. 7606 Lahlou, Aziz. "La Problématique de l'emploi au Maroc." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 196/197 (1982): 48-60. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Underdevelopment, Labor force, Private sector, Unemployment, Household economy. KEYWORDS: artisans. 7607 Université Sidi Mohamed, Fès, ed. Colloque: Travail et Société; Fès 8-10 avril 1982. Vol. 2 of 2. Fez, Morocco: Faculté des Sciences Juridiques, 1985. 391 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Labor migration, Rural-urban migration, Employment, Education system, Technical training. KEYWORDS: UMT (Union Marocaine du Travail).

Legal System

7608 Boudahrain, A. "Le Rôle de la Cour Suprême au Maroc." In: Les Cours suprêmes en Afrique: I, organisation, finalités, procédure, edited by Gérard Conac. Paris: Economica, 1988. 260-277 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Judicial system, Legal development, Law. KEYWORDS: supreme court. Studies the place of Morocco's supreme court in the state judicial system. Analyzes the history, organization, role, operation, and influences on the Moroccan Supreme Court. 7609 Boudahrain, Abdellah. "La Réforme judiciaire marocaine à travers l'étude des voies de recours." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 39, no. 3/4 (July/December 1985): 903-

MOROCCO/Military Affairs • 523 915. SUBJECTS: Legal system, Judicial system, Islamic society. KEYWORDS: Makhzen political system, Morocco. 7610 Boudahrain, Abdellah. "La Technique législative marocaine en question." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 40, no. 3/4 (January/June 1986): 402-411. SUBJECTS: Legal system, Legislative action, Legal development, Law. Examines the Moroccan legislative and legal development process. Questions the dominant power of the government against the more democratic and ideal power of the parliament. Supports changes that favor the latter over the former. 7611 Houar i, Amina Messaoudi. Le Droit et la condition de la femme au Maroc. Addis-Ababa: ECA, 1981. 79 pp. SUBJECTS: Law, Women's rights, Civil rights, Property rights, Health service, Family planning, Employment. KEYWORDS: inheritance. 7612 Lahrichi, Fadéla Sebti. Répertoire de la législation marocaine: novembre 1912-novembre 1982. Paris: Librarie Générale de Droit et de Jurisprudence, 1983. 377 pp. SUBJECTS: Legislative action, Credit policy, Legal system, Historical analysis, Legal reform, Transportation system, Commercial sector. 7613 Menouni, Abdeltif, ed. Le Parlement et la pratique législative au Maroc. Casablanca, Morocco: Toubkal, 1985.174pp. SUBJECTS: Legislative action, Parliamentary government, Human rights, Law, Reform. KEYWORDS: Moroccan exclusive economic zone; Charte Coopérative 1983. 7614 Ouazzaiii Chahdi, Hassan. La Pratique marocaine du droit des traités: essai sur le droit conventionnel marocain. Paris: Librarie Générale de Droit et de Jurisprudence, 1982. 554 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: International law, Diplomatic relations, International relations, Colonialism, Legal system, Legal development, Law. KEYWORDS: treaties.

political system of the Berber people of the region. 7618 Berrada, Mohamed. "The new cultural and imaginative discourse in Morocco: Utopie change." In: Contemporary North Africa: Issues of Development and Integration, edited by Halim Barakat. London: Croom Helm, 1985. 231-249 pp. SUBJECTS: Cultural policy, Cultural identity. 7619 Goldberg, Harvey E. "The Mellahs of southern Morocco: Report of a survey." The Maghreb Review 8, no. 3/4 (May/August 1983): 61-69. tables. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Ethnicity, Traditional society. KEYWORDS: Jewish people. 7620 Jouad, Hassan. "Les Imdyazen: une voix de l'intellectualité rurale." Revue de l'occident musulman et de la Méditerranée 51, no. 1 (1989): 100-110. SUBJECTS: Arts, Traditional society. KEYWORDS: imdyazen; intelligentsia. Examines the imdyazen institution, a group of itinerant poets and comedians who travel through rural areas. Analyzes imdyazen technique and art, which concern staging poetic manifestations of local life and affairs. 7621 Montagne, Robert. "La Vie sociale et politique des berbères." In: Regards sur le Maroc: actualité de Robert Montagne, edited by Centre des Hautes Etudes d'Administration Musulmane. Paris: CHEAM, 1986. 13-89 pp. maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Traditional political system, Traditional society, Historical analysis, Ethnicity. KEYWORDS: Berber people; Kabylie Region, North Africa; Chérif (royal family). Draws on historical accounts to address the social and traditional political systems of Berber people in precolonial North Africa. Explores and highlights the social, political, and economic structures, as well as the state and the military institutions.

7615 Rosen, Lawrence. "Judicial discretion and legal culture in an Islamic law court in Morocco." In: Islam, société et communauté: anthropologies du Maghreb, edited by Ernest Gellner. Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1981. 71-82 pp. SUBJECTS: Islamic society, Law, Judicial system, Judicial process, Legal system. KEYWORDS: Sharia law; Sefrou, Morocco; Code of Personal Status 1958.

Migration

7616 Toledano, Henry. Judicial Practice and Family Law in Morocco: The Chapter on Marriage from Sijilmasi's Al-'Amal Al-Mutlaq. Boulder, Colorado: Social Science Monographs, 1981.197 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Marriage, Judicial system, Legal system, Gender relations, Islam. KEYWORDS: divorce; amai court practice; Sharia law; Sijilmasi, Abu ' Abd allah Muh.

Military Affairs

Media and Culture

7617 Berdouzi, Mohamed. "Robert Montagne et les structures politiques du Maroc pré-colonial." In: Regards sur le Maroc: actualité de Robert Montagne, edited by Centre des Hautes Etudes d'Administration Musulmane. Paris: CHEAM, 1986. 127-239 pp. biblio, other docs. SUBJECTS: Traditional political system, Ethnicity, Traditional society, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: Berber people; Montagne, Robert; CHEAM (Centre des Hautes Etudes d'Administration Musulmane). Examines the political, social, and economic structures of precolonial Morocco through the sociological and historical works of Robert Montagne. Explores especially the traditional society and the

SEE ALSO 7092.

7622 Abdelmoughit, Benmessaoud. "Le Sahara marocain, l'Organisation de l'Unité Africaine et le principe de l'intangibilité des frontiers." In: Intégration économique des provinces sahariennes et développement national: colloque international organisé par l'Association des Economistes Marocains, edited by AEM. Casablanca: Maghrébines, 1985. 337-351 pp. ALSO COVERS: Western Sahara. SUBJECTS: Border conflict, Territorial sovereignty, Regional conflict. KEYWORDS: OAU; uti possidetis. 7623 Dean, David J. The Air Force Role in Low-Intensity Conflict. Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama: Air University Press, 1986. 127 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Military aid, Warfare, Armed conflict, Border conflict, Armed forces. KEYWORDS : Western Sahara-Morocco conflict 1975-present; US-Morocco relations; POLISARIO; US Air Force. Examines the role of the US Air Force in assisting Third World countries to fight effectively in conventional air warfare. Uses the example of the US attempt to support the Moroccan Air Force in the early 1980s conflict with the POLISARIO. 7624 Kamil, Leo. Fueling the Fire: US Policy and the Western

524 • MOROCCO/Military Affairs

Sahara Conflict. Trenton, New Jersey: Red Sea, 1987.104 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Western Sahara. SUBJECTS: Foreign aid, Warfare, Conflict, Military intervention, Arms industry, Intervention policy. KEYWORDS: US-Morocco relations; Reagan, Ronald; Carter, Jimmy; Western Sahara-Morocco conflict 1975-present; Hassan II, Muhammad. Describes US policy and aid toward Morocco and Western Sahara. Explains what prompted US intervention and how the policy might change in the future. 7625 Lawless, Richard, ed. Foreign Policy Issues in the Middle East: Afghanistan, Iraq, Turkey, Morocco. Durham, UK: Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, University of Durham, 1985. 83 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, Political history, Regional conflict, Military aid, Liberation movement. KEYWORDS: US-Morocco relations; Western Sahara-Morocco conflict 1975-present; POLISARIO; Hassan II, Muhammad. 7626 Osman, Ahmed. "La Stratégie marocaine de la négociation et la récupération du Sahara." In: Edification d'un état moderne: le Maroc de Hassan II, edited by Georges Vedel. Paris: Albin Michel, 1986. 309-336 pp. tables, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Western Sahara. SUBJECTS: Regional conflict, Political crisis, Propaganda, Strategic policy. KEYWORDS: Saharawi people; Western SaharaMorocco conflict 1975-present. Examines the regional conflict between Morocco and Western Sahara. Addresses the political issues and implications of the conflict and the international strategy attempted by Morocco to take possession of the region. SEE ALSO 2508, 3822, 3823, 7097, 10392, 10394, 15349, 15350, 15352,15354, 15355,15356, 15357,15358.

Planning and Development

7627 Abdellah, El Ouazzani. La Gestion municipale au Maroc. Mohammédia, Morocco: Fédala, 1982. 297 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Government economic management, Community development, Local planning policy, Public administration. 7628 Abouhani, Abdelghani. "Réseaux natabilaires et promotion foncière clandestine: le cas de Tabriquet Nord à Salé." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 25 (1988): 175-185. SUBJECTS: Construction industry, Land-use policy, Housing policy, Squatter community. Argues that clandestine housing has begun to play a serious role in Moroccan urban development. Examines the mechanics of the secondary market, specifically regarding land use. 7629 Benshimane, Yahia. Nous, marocains: permanences et espérances du pays en développement. Paris: Publisud, 1984. 264 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic planning, Agricultural sector, Traditional society, Modernization. 7630 El Malik, H. "Rapport introductif: industrialisation, ordre productif mondial et développement alternatif." In: Etat et développement industriel au Maroc, edited by H. El Malik. Casablanca, Morocco: Editions Maghrébines, 1982.9-20 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS : Industrialization, Development policy, Uneven development, Economic system. 7631 Ezzaki, Tarik. Infrastructure et développement au Maroc. Rabat, Morocco: Stouky, 1981. 198 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Infrastructure, Trade relations, Industrial development, Financial system, Development planning, Colonialism, Transnational corporations.

7632 Miller, James A. Imlil, a Moroccan Mountain Community in Change. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1984. 285 pp. biblio, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Anthropological analysis, Social change, T r a d i t i o n a l society, M o d e r n i z a t i o n , U n d e r d e v e l o p m e n t . KEYWORDS: Ait Mizane people; Berber people; Atlas Mountains; Imlil village, Morocco. 7633 Qasmi, Lahoussine, and Franck de Vesvrotte. "Le Financement du logement au Maroc: évolutions récentes et perspectives." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 25 (1988): 115-125. tables. SUBJECTS: Housing policy, Construction industry, Financial system, Housing. KEYWORDS : FNAET (Fonds National pour 1 ' Achat et l'Equipement de Terrains); CIH (Crédit Immobilier et Hôtelier). Argues that Morocco restructured its housing policy from 1985 to 1986 by modifying its interest cancellation policy and creating new construction organizations,which autonomously dealt with construction management. Examines the impact of those policies on the construction industry. 7634 Rachidi, El Gazouani, and Abdeljalil Agourram. Programme de synthèse de politique économique et sociale: problèmes et perspectives de développement régional et local au Maroc. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1980. 39 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic growth policy, Local development, Regional development, Local planning policy, Regional planning policy, Basic needs, State intervention. KEYWORDS: social policy; local resource development. 7635 Zyani, Brahim. "Habitat, contrainte foncière et développement urbain à Casablanca." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 25 (1988): 213-229. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Urban development, Land-use policy, Housing policy, Housing, State intervention. KEYWORDS: spatial analysis; Casablanca, Morocco. Examines the problems surrounding emerging land scarcity in Casablanca and its implications for housing. Concludes that the state is taking on a more interventionist policy in order to combat the problem.

Politics

7636 Basri, Driss. "La Politique de la décentralisation au Maroc." In: Edification d'un état moderne: le Maroc de Hassan II, edited by Georges Vedel. Paris: Albin Michel, 1986. 118-138 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Decentralization, Democracy, Local planning policy. Analyzes the politics of decentralization and the democratic process in Morocco. Examines the local planning policy as well as political and economic participation at the community level. 7637 Belhaj, Ahmed. "Le Parlement marocain." In: Edification d'un état moderne: le Maroc de Hassan II, edited by Georges Vedel. Paris: Albin Michel, 1986.71-94 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Parliamentary government, Constitution, Political participation. KEYWORDS: MP (Mouvement Populaire); PI (Parti de l'lstiqlal); USFP (Union Socialiste des Forces Populaires). Examines the political landscape of Morocco and describes the parliamentary system, constitutional development, and participation in and integration of the political opposition. 7638 Benani, Ahmed. "Légitimité du pouvoir au Maroc: consensus et contestation." Genève Afrique/Geneva Africa 24, no. 2 (1986): 47-72. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Political development, Monarchy, Constitution. KEYWORDS: Hassan II, Muhammad. Examines the legitimacy of Morocco's monarchy political sys-

MO ROC CO/Poli tic s • 5 2 5

tem, suggesting that a certain degree of pluralism still exists. 7639 Brachet, Philippe. "Descartes n'est pas marocain" : le développement du sous-développement au Maroc. 2nd ed. Paris: Pensee Universelle, 1982. 200 pp. ALSO COVERS: North Africa. SUBJECTS: Traditional political system, Economic development, Leadership analysis. KEYWORDS: France-Morocco relations; Hassan II, Muhammad. 7640 Bras, J.P. "Chronique marocaine." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 27 (1990): 679-732. tables. SUBJECTS: Political analysis, Economic analysis, Political parties, Human rights. KEYWORDS: PI (Parti de l'lstiqlal). Examines political and economic events in Morocco during 1987. Presents tables and graphs on the economic and trade situations and analyzes government positions on internal and foreign affairs including human rights and democratization. 7641 Cherifi, Rachida. Le Makhzen politique au Maroc: hier et aujourd'hui. Casablanca, Morocco: Afrique Orient, 1988. 125 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Government analysis, Historical analysis, Political system, Traditional political system, Political ideology, Economic development. KEYWORDS: Makhzen political system, Morocco; Hassan II, Muhammad. Examines the Moroccan state administrative apparatus called the Makhzen and defines its historical roots, staying power, nature and characteristics, and contemporary manifestation. Claims that the Makhzen is as much a part of Moroccan social life as it is a representation of power. 7642 Claisse, Alain. "Makhzen traditions and administrative channels." In: The Political Economy of Morocco, edited by I. William Zartman. New York: Praeger, 1987. 34-58 pp. SUBJECTS: Government analysis, Political parties, Leadership analysis, Traditional a u t h o r i t y . K E Y W O R D S : M a k h z e n ( p o l i t i c a l system); patrimonialism. Defines Makhzen as theobureaucratic authority that enjoys the support of a traditional oligarchy. Analyzes the way this political system works, how it garners resources, and its relationship to patrimonialism. Addresses its presence in Moroccan politics today. 7643 Decraene, Philippe. "La Politique africaine du Maroc." L'Afrique et l'Asie modernes 143 (1984/1985): 3-11. tables. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Political ideology, Economic development, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: Hassan II, Muhammad. 7644 Doumou, Abdelali. Etat et capitalisme au Maroc. Rabat, Morocco: Edino, 1987. 263 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: State formation, Capitalism, Capitalist economy, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: peripheral state; World Bank; patrimonial system; IMF. Examines capitalist development and penetration in Morocco. Explores the restructuring of the Moroccan economy, which has resulted in financial crisis. Assesses Morocco's structural adjustment program as recommended by the World Bank and the IMF. 7645 El Malik, Habil. "Etat, secteur public et développement national." In: Edification d'un état moderne: le Maroc de Hassan II, edited by Georges Vedel. Paris: Albin Michel, 1986.277-286 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: National development, State intervention, Public sector, Economic analysis. Examines the problem of national development through a publicor private-sector economy. Studies nationalization or privatization theories applied to the Moroccan context. 7646 El-Mossadeq, Rkia. "Political parties and power-sharing." In: The Political Economy of Morocco, edited by I. William Zartman. New York: Praeger, 1987. 59-83 pp. SUBJECTS: Political parties,

Government analysis, Leadership analysis. KEYWORDS: PI (Parti de l'lstiqlal); Hassan II; UNFP (Union Nationale des Forces Populaires). Examines the struggle for power among the various Moroccan parties. Analyzes the institutional power bases of the king and the political parties, as well as the rules they operate under. Describes the participation and divisions of political parties during the 1980s, including those of Istiqlal and UNFP. 7647 Entelis, John P. Culture and Counterculture in Moroccan Politics. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1989. 152 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Cultural identity, Political analysis, Monarchy, Traditional authority, Islamic society, Modernization. KEYWORDS : Islamic fundamentalism; Hassan II, Muhammad; Westernization. Analyzes the political culture of Morocco as it is manifested in all sectors of society. Notes the influence of traditional Muslim beliefs in legitimizing current monarchical rule. Reviews the unique position of Morocco in having no significant political counterculture and examines the impact of this on political stability. 7648 Ihraï, Said. Pouvoir et influence: état, partis et politique étrangère au Maroc. Rabat, Morocco: Edino, 1986. 276 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Foreign policy, Political parties, Political power, Decolonization, Nonaligned nation. KEYWORDS: PI (Parti de l'lstiqlal); Algeria-Morocco relations; Spain-Morocco relations. Presents the actors and the political environment pertaining primarily to the formation of Moroccan foreign policy. Examines the role and influence of political parties since independence, particularly the Parti de l'lstiqlal and the individuals who exerted such influence. 7649 Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Toulouse, ed. Histoire des grands services publics au Maroc de 1900 à 1970: par une équipe d'universitaires marocains et français. Toulouse, France: Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Toulouse, 1984. 232 pp. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Public administration, Armed forces, Government analysis, Urban planning policy, Labor policy. KEYWORDS: Makhzen political system, Morocco; public services; postal service; information systems; hisba. 7650 Joffe, George. "Morocco: Monarchy, legitimacy and succession." Third World Quarterly 10, no. 1 (January 1988): 201-228. ALSO COVERS: Algeria, Tunisia. SUBJECTS: Political succession, Political development, Colonialism, Political parties, Democratization. KEYWORDS: Makhzen political system, Morocco. Compares the Moroccan political system with those in neighboring countries. Assesses Moroccan political instability and democratization during the colonial and postcolonial periods. 7651 Leveau, Remy. "Aperçu de l'évolution du système politique marocain depuis vingt ans." Maghreb Machrek no. 106 (October/December 1984): 7-36. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Political system, Rural development, Private sector, Monarchy, Democratization, Religion. KEYWORDS : Makhzen political system, Morocco. 7652 Leveau, Remy. "Stabilité du pouvoir monarchique et financement de la dette." Maghreb Machrek no. 118 (October/December 1987): 5-19. other docs. SUBJECTS: Political stability, Economic development, Debt financing, Foreign aid policy, Monarchy, Modernization. KEYWORDS: IMF; Makhzen political system, Morocco. Examines the strategies undertaken by the Moroccan government in order to formulate a policy that can deal with political, economic, and social constraints. Suggests that the government is trying to improve its relations with Europe and develop more equal political and economic dealings. 7653 Menouni, Abdeltif, ed. L'Expérience parlementaire au Maroc. Casablanca, Morocco: Toubkal, 1985. 174 pp. ALSO COVERS:

526 •

MOROCCO/Politics

North Africa. SUBJECTS: Parliamentary government, Democracy, Democratization, Legislative action, Government analysis, Political parties. KEYWORDS: Morocco Constitution 1972. 7654 Naciri, Khalid. "Fait national et fait étatique au Maroc: une continuité historique homogène." In: Intégration économique des provinces sahariennes et développement national: colloque international organisé par l'Association des Economistes Marocains, edited by AEM. Casablanca, Morocco: Editions Maghrébines, 1985. 305320 pp. ALSO COVERS: Western Sahara. SUBJECTS: State formation, State power, Historical analysis, Nation-building. KEYWORDS: Sahara Desert. 7655 Nelson, Harold D., ed. Morocco: A Country Study. 5th ed. Washington, DC: American University, 1985. 448 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Political history, Geographical analysis, Economic analysis, Government analysis, National security, Monarchy, Islam. KEYWORDS: Western Sahara-Morocco conflict 1975present; Hassan II, Muhammad; POLISARIO. 7656 Rousset, Michel. "La Difficile conciliation entre l'idéologie unanimitaire et l'idéologie démocratique: le cas du Maroc." The Maghreb Review 10, no. 1 (January/February 1985): 10-14. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Government analysis, Democracy, National integration. KEYWORDS: multiparty system. 7657 Saaf, Abdallah. Images politiques du Maroc. Rabat, Morocco: Okad, 1986. 127 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Political culture, Political ideology, Islam, Political change, Economic policy, Law, Democratization. KEYWORDS: Sharia law. Examines Morocco's political culture. Studies the impact of Islam on state and society, the intellectual development of political ideology, continuity and change in Moroccan politics, the perception and function of law and state, death and politics, and socialism as it affects Moroccan political culture. 7658 Sabah, Saadia. "The interface between family and state." In: The Political Economy of Morocco, edited by I. William Zartman. New York: Praeger, 1987. 117-140 pp. SUBJECTS: Family, Government bureaucracy, Government analysis, Anthropological analysis. Addresses the relationship between bureaucracy and society. Analyzes how Moroccan families deal with the bureaucracy and how this interaction shapes society. Argues that informal mediation continues and is important. 7659 Santucci, Jean-Claude. "Chroniques intérieures: le Maroc." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 21 (1984): 585-632. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Economic crisis, Political development, Electoral process, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: Western SaharaM o r o c c o c o n f l i c t 1975-present; POLISARIO; Hassan II, Muhammad; PND (Parti National Démocratique); PI (Parti de l'lstiqlal). 7660 Santucci, Jean-Claude. "Chroniques intérieures: Maroc." Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 25 (1988): 745-782. tables. ALSO COVERS: Western Sahara. SUBJECTS: Monarchy, Border conflict, Territorial sovereignty, Economic development, Diplomatic relations, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: Hassan II, Muhammad; Western Sahara-Morocco conflict 1975-present. Traces political and economic developments in Morocco in 1986, including the celebration of the king's twenty-fifth year on the Moroccan throne and his centrality to political life in Morocco. Examines the war in Western Sahara and economic adjustment. 7661 Sehimi, Mustapha. "Les Elections législatives au Maroc." Maghreb Machrek no. 107 (January/March 1985): 23-51. tables. SUBJECTS: Elections, Parliamentary government, Legal system,

Political parties. 7662 Tessler, Mark A. "Image and reality in Moroccan political economy." In: The Political Economy of Morocco, edited by I. William Zartman. New York: Praeger, 1987. 212-241 pp. ALSO COVERS: Libya, Western Sahara. SUBJECTS: Democracy, International relations, Leadership analysis. KEYWORDS: Hassan II. Discusses typical US perceptions of Morocco, including the views that Morocco is an effective multiparty democracy committed to peace between Israel and the Arab states, that King Hassan is a remote ruler who instigated the war in the Sahara to distract from his domestic problems, and that Morocco is not a true ally of the US. 7663 Tibi, Bassam. "A typology of Arab political systems." In: Arab Society: Continuity andChange, edited by Samih K. Farsoun. London: Croom Helm, 1985. 48-64 pp. SUBJECTS: Islam, Political system, Monarchy, Political analysis. 7664 Vedel, Georges, ed. Edification d'un état moderne: le Maroc de Hassan II. Paris: Albin Michel, 1986. 472 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: State formation, Historical analysis, Administration, Decentralization, International relations, Economic development. KEYWORDS: Hassan II, Muhammad; OAU; UN. Addresses the formation of Morocco as a "modern" state under King Hassan II. Examines the implementation of a democratic political system and the decentralization of power, as well as the role and place of Morocco on the international scene. 7665 Yata, Ali. Pas d'alternative ni de changement sans l'union de la gauche. Casablanca, Morocco: Al Bayane, 1984. 44 pp. SUBJECTS: Elections, Political parties, Economic crisis, Political change, Parliamentary government. KEYWORDS: PPS (Parti du Progrès et du Socialisme). 7666 Zartman, I. William, Mark A. Tessler, John P. Entelis, and Russell A. Stone. Political Elites in Arab North Africa: Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt. New York: Longman, 1982. 273 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Algeria, Tunisia. SUBJECTS: One-party system, Military g o v e r n m e n t , Political elite, Monarchy. KEYWORDS: pluralism. SEE ALSO 7106, 7432.

Population

7667 Escallier, Robert. "La Population marocaine: héritages et changements." Maghreb Machrek no. 118 (October/December 1987): 20-45. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Migration pattern, Population growth, Uneven development, Regional development. KEYWORDS: spatial analysis. Argues that Morocco's population dramatically increased as the country's social and economic conditions deteriorated due to French colonialism. Examines the impact that population growth has had on Morocco's economic development. Addresses the social consequences of demographic shifts as well as uneven development. 7668 R a c h i d i , M o h a m e d . Croissance démographique et développement économique au Maroc. Rabat, Morocco: Milhage Almaghrib, 1982. 320 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Population growth, Economic development, Economic planning, Education system, Infrastructure, Rural population. KEYWORDS: rural industry; rural schools.

MOROCCO/Socioeconomic A n a l y s i s • 5 2 7

Private Sector

by Halim Barakat. London: Croom Helm, 1985. 250-263 pp. SUBJECTS: Islam, Religion, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: cultural analysis.

7669 Daoud, Zakya. "Privatisations à la marocaine." Maghreb Machrekno. 128 (April/June 1989): 84-101. other docs. SUBJECTS: Privatization, Private sector, Public sector. KEYWORDS'. SNI (Société Nationale d'Investissement). Analyzes and evaluates the constitution of a public sector and the development of large private groups, as well as the privatization program in Morocco.

7675 Benomar, Jamal. "The monarchy, the Islamist movement and religious discourse in Morocco." Third World Quarterly 10, no. 2 (April 1988): 539-555. SUBJECTS: Religion, Political development, Islam, Monarchy. Examines the development of Islamic movements, particularly their impact on Moroccan political development. Claims that Morocco has been relatively successful in curtailing both secular and religious movements and asserts that such movements' chances for real political success are rather bleak.

7670 Khrouz, Driss. L'Economie marocaine: les raisons de la crise. Casablanca, Morocco: Editions Maghrébines, 1988. 160 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Commercial sector, Economic integration, Economic development, Economic dependency, Industrial development, Private sector. KEYWORDS: agrarian capitalism. Assesses the different phases of Morocco's economic and political development since the beginning of the 1960s and suggests an ambiguity in the government's economic policies. Concludes that this has led to an increasingly disarticulated economy.

Regionalism/Nationalism

7671 Lahbabi, M o h a m e d . "Le Maroc et les perspectives maghrébines à l'heure actuelle." In: Edification d'un état moderne: le Maroc de Hassan II, edited by Georges Vedel. Paris: Albin Michel, 1986. 389-402 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Regionalism, Regional integration, Political analysis. Explores the regional integration of the North African countries of Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, and Mauritania into a single . commonwealth of states called le Grand Maghreb. 7672 Oualalou, Fathallah. "Intégrité territoriale et spécificité de la coopération maghrébine à travers les zones sahariennes." In: Intégration économique des provinces sahariennes et développement national: colloque international organisé par l'Association des Economistes Marocains, edited by AEM. Casablanca, Morocco: Editions Maghrébines, 1985.353-390 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: North Africa. SUBJECTS: Regional cooperation, Economic cooperation, Natural resource management. KEYWORDS: OCRS (Organisation Commune des Régions Sahariennes); Sahara Desert. 7673 Rousset, Michel. "Aménagement du territoire et construction regionale: une expérience d'adaptation de l'administration à l'espace." In: Edification d'un état moderne : le Maroc de Hassan II, edited by Georges Vedel. Paris: Albin Michel, 1986. 232-249 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Urban planning policy, Regional planning policy, Regional development. KEYWORDS: GER (Groupe d'Etude de la Regionalisation). Examines urban planning and regional development in general and as applied specifically to Morocco. Analyzes the problems and methods of urban planning and the relationship of urban planning to regional development.

7676 Eickelman, Dale F. "Religion in polity and society." In: The Political Economy of Morocco, edited by I. William Zartman. New York: Praeger, 1987. 84-97 pp. SUBJECTS: Religious politics, Islam. Addresses the role of Islam in national politics in Morocco. Describes religion and political discourse since 1960 and implications for the future. 7677 El Hatimi, M'hamed. "L'Adaptation entre l'interprétation et la qualification en droit marocain." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 38, no. 2 (April/June 1984): 233-244. SUBJECTS: Legal system, Religion, Islamic society. KEYWORDS: Chra'au; Islamic law. 7678 Leveau, Rémy. "Islam et le contrôle politique au Maroc." The Maghreb Review 6, no. 1/2 (January/April 1981): 10-18. SUBJECTS: Islam, Religious politics. KEYWORDS: lay religious society. 7679 Shinar, Pessah. Essai de bibliographie sélective et annotée sur l'Islam maghrébin contemporain: Maroc, Algérie, Tunisie, Lybie (1830-1978). Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1983. 506 pp. biblio, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Algeria, Tunisia. SUBJECTS: Religion, Islam, Law, Sociological analysis, Bibliography. KEYWORDS: Ulama people; Tulba people; Wahabism; Sufism; Ibadism. SEE ALSO 3307, 10412, 14746.

Socioeconomic Analysis

7680 Davis, Susan Schaeffer, and Douglas A. Davis. Adolescence in a Moroccan Town: Making Social Sense. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1989. 217 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Behavioral analysis, Sociological analysis, Children, Social change. KEYWORDS: adolescence; Zawiya, Morocco. Reports the results of eleven months of fieldwork during which an ethnographic study was done on 150 children in the rural Moroccan city of Zawiya. Includes interviews with the children discussing issues such as family, friendship, sexuality, marriage, and stress.

Religion

7681 Lahlou, Aziz. "La Sécurité sociale en Afrique, vecteur de développement? Le cas du Maroc." Peuples noirs; peuples africains 6, no. 33 (May/June 1983): 30-38. SUBJECTS: Social welfare system, Unemployment, Peasant society, Social development policy. KEYWORDS: workers' compensation; insurance industry; social security.

7674 Bennis, Mohammed. "The plurality of the one." In: Contemporary North Africa: Issues of Development and Integration, edited

7682 Rosen, Lawrence. Bargaining for Reality: The Construction of Social Relations ina Muslim Community. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press, 1984. 210 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Anthropological analysis, Sociological analysis, Behavioral analysis,

SEE ALSO 3867,15360, 15361,15362.

528

• MOROCCO/Socioeconomic Analysis

Political history, Islamic society. KEYWORDS: social relations; Sefrou, Morocco.

Trade

7683 H a m d o u c h , B a c h i r . Spécialisation subie et sousdéveloppement du Maroc: les effets du regime de la "porte ouverte" et de la domination de zone. Casablanca, Morocco: Editions Maghrébines, 1983. 410 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Underdevelopment, Import policy, Export policy, International economic relations, Trade policy, Development policy, Dependency theory. 7684 Pomfret, Richard. "Morocco's international economic relations." In: The Political Economy of Morocco, edited by I. William Zartman. New York: Praeger, 1987. 173-187 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International economic relations, Trade relations, Trade policy. KEYWORDS: EEC. Describes the relationship of EEC policy to Moroccan economic development strategy. Evaluates the institutional framework of the trade relations between the two. Analyzes the enlargement of the EEC and the implications of this strengthening for Morocco and its trade policy options.

between Sefrou and the much larger city of Fez. 7689 Dryef, M'hamed. "L'Aménagement urbain du Grand Casablanca." In: Edification d'un état moderne: le Maroc de Hassan II, edited by Georges Vedel. Paris: Albin Michel, 1986. 201-228 pp. SUBJECTS: Urban planning policy, Urban growth, Regional development. KEYWORDS: Casablanca, Morocco; Ecochard, Michel. Examines the urban growth and the urbanization problems of Casablanca as the largest city of Morocco. 7690 Escallier, Robert. Citadins et espace urbain au Maroc. 2 vols. Tours, France: URBAMA (Urbanisation du Monde Arabe), 1984.407 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Urban population, Urbanization, Urban growth, Demographic analysis, Rural-urban migration, Employment, Class analysis. KEYWORDS: spatial analysis. 7691 Escallier, Robert. "Le Système urbain marocain." Maghreb Machrek no. 96 (April/June 1982): 19-40. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Urbanization, Urban development, Industrial development, Urban growth. KEYWORDS: spatial analysis.

7685 World Bank. Morocco: Industrial Incentives and Export Promotion: A World Bank Country Study. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1984. 219 pp. tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Foreign trade, Manufacturing sector, Industrial development, Export policy, Taxation policy, Investment policy. KEYWORDS: industrial quotas.

7692 Naciri, Mohamed. "L'Aménagement des villes et ses enjeux." Maghreb Machrek no. 118 (October/December 1987): 46-70. SUBJECTS: Infrastructure, Urban development, Colonialism, Political development, Centralized authority, Socioeconomic analysis, Urban politics. KEYWORDS: Casablanca, Morocco; spatial analysis; rural revolts. Argues that urban development has been a means of social regulation since the nineteenth century. Examines power and urbanization in Casablanca. Suggests that a new urbanism emerges when power and wealth become increasingly concentrated in certain key cities at the expense of the periphery.

SEE ALSO 10419.

SEE ALSO 3892, 10423.

Urban Development

Women and Gender

7686 Barrucand, Marianne. Urbanisme princier en Islam: Meknès et les villes royales islamiques post-médiévales. Paris: Librarie Orientaliste Paul Geuthner, S.A., 1985. 248 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Urban development, Urban planning policy, Urban growth, Land-use policy, Islamic society. KEYWORDS: Meknès, Morocco; architecture; Islamic city planning.

7693 Davis, Susan Schaefer. Patience and Power: Women's Lives in a Moroccan Village. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Schenkman, 1983. 198 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Women's economic role, Women's political role, Children, Anthropological analysis, Islamic society. KEYWORDS: rural women; ethnography.

7687 Belfquih, M'hammed, and Abdallatef Fadloullah. Mécanismes et formes de croissance urbaine au Maroc. 3 vols. Rabat, Morocco: Librarie El Maârif, 1986. 767 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Urbanization, Urban growth, Economic development, Squatter community, Socioeconomic analysis, Household analysis, Environmental degradation. KEYWORDS: Rabat, Morocco; Sale, Morocco; spatial analysis. Analyzes the growth problems and potential of the rapidly urbanizing Rabat-Sale area of Morocco. Uses a multidimensional geographic approach to reveal and comprehend the organization and operation of this particularly complex urban space. 7688 Benhalima, Hassan. Petites villes traditionelles et mutations socio-économiques au Maroc: le cas de Sefrou. Mohammedia, Morocco: Université Mohammed, 1987.332 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Urban planning policy, Urbanization, Migration pattern, Colonialism, Historical analysis, Geographical analysis, Socioeconomic analysis. KEYWORDS: Fez, Morocco; Sefrou, Morocco. Examines the effects of colonization and of the development of postcolonial Morocco on the small city of Sefrou. Explores relations

7694 Howard-Merriam, Kathleen. "Women's political participation in Morocco's development: How much and for whom." The Maghreb Review 9, no. 1/2 (January/April 1984): 12-25. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Women's studies, Women's rights, Political elite, Economic development, Women's political role, Public administration. KEYWORDS: social policy. 7695 Mernissi, Fatima. "Capitalist development and perceptions of women in Arab-Muslim society: An illustration of peasant women in Gharb, Morocco." In: Rural Development and Women in Africa, edited by International Labour Office. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1984. 123-128 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Women and development, Capitalist development, Economic development, Peasant economy, Women's economic role. KEYWORDS: Gharb, Morocco; Muslim women. 7696 Mernissi, Fatima. Chahrazad n'est pas marocaine: autrement elle serait salariée! Casablanca, Morocco: Fennec, 1988.130 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Women's rights, Socioeconomic analysis. Draws on satire to address the socioeconomic changes related to

MOZAMBIQUE/Agriculture

women's economic role in Morocco. Examines the sociodynamics of the participation and presence of women in workplaces in particular and within the economic development system in general. 7697 Mernissi, Fatima. Le Maroc raconté par ses femmes. Rabat, Morocco: Société Marocaine des Editeurs Réunis, 1984. 237 pp. SUBJECTS: Marriage, Women's studies, Women's economic role,

• 529

Women's rights, Women's political role, Case study, Sex role. 7698 Moulay Rchid, Abderrazak. La Condition de la femme au Maroc. Rabat, Morocco: Faculté des Sciences Juridiques, Économiques et Sociales, 1985. 607 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Social change, Women's economic role, Women's political role, Women's rights, Women's studies, Sex role.

MOZAMBIQUE Agriculture

7699 Binkert, Gregor H. Agricultural Production and Economic Incentives: Food Policy in Mozambique. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard Institute for International Development, Harvard University, 1983. 70 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Food policy, Economic analysis, Agricultural development, Food production. KEYWORDS: Kuznet, Simon; FRELIMO. 7700 Bowen, Merle L. "Peasant agriculture in Mozambique: The case of Chokwe, Gaza Province." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 23, no. 3 (1989): 355-379. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Peasant economy, A g r i c u l t u r a l p r o d u c t i o n , A g r i c u l t u r a l policy, Irrigation. KEYWORDS: Chokwe, Mozambique. Examines the retreat of the Mozambican state from the agricultural sector and studies the effects and implications of the policy changes on farmers in Chokwe, Mozambique. Describes diverse opportunities and constraints in the wake of the redistribution of irrigated lands by the state. Accents the capacity of farmers to augment production inasmuch as they have access to the means of production. 7701 Caballero, Lorenzo, Thomas Thomsen, and Arne Anderson. Mozambique—Food and Agricultural Sector. Uppsala, Sweden: Swedish University of Agricultural Science, 1984. 256 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Food production, Rural development, Agricultural policy, Land-use policy, Household economy, Agricultural cooperatives. KEYWORDS: National Planning Commission; state farms. 7702 Davison, Jean. "Land redistribution in Mozambique and its effects on women's collective production: Case studies from Sofala Province." In: Agriculture, Women, and Land: The African Experience, edited by Jean Davison. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1988. 228-249 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Resource distribution, Women's economic role, Gender relations, Land reform, Agricultural cooperatives, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; OMM (Organizaçao das Mulheres Moçambicanas); Beira, Mozambique; Sofala Province, Mozambique. Highlights major tensions in African-Portuguese relations specific to land and labor during Mozambique's colonial period. Outlines the resulting status of agricultural development. Describes two agricultural schemes in Sofala, the social actors involved, and the current status of each scheme. 7703 Dolny, Helena. 'The challenge of agriculture." In: A Difficult Road: The Transition to Socialism in Mozambique, edited by John S. Saul. New York: Monthly Review, 1985. 211-252 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural cooperatives, Peasant society, Agricultural tech-

nology, Agricultural policy. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; Eduardo Mondlane Communal Village and Cooperative; Lussanhando Communal Village, Mozambique; Muputo Province, Mozambique; Niassa Province, Mozambique. 7704 Felgate, W. S. The Tembe Thonga of Natal and Mozambique: An Ecological Approach. Durban, RSA: University of Natal, 1982. 182 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Subsistence farming, Kinship, Economic system, Agricultural production, Trade relations, Traditional society, Ecological analysis. KEYWORDS: Tembe Thonga people; homestead analysis; Gabeza District, Mozambique; Natal Province, RSA. 7705 Guadagni, Marco, and Francesco Dagnino. "Aspects juridiques de l'usage agricole des eaux au Mozambique." In: Les Politiques de l'eau en Afrique: développement agricole et participation paysanne, edited by Gérard Conac, Claudette Savonnet-Guyot, and Françoise Conac. Paris: Economica, 1985. 485-498 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Legal system, Water supply, Rural-urban relations, Subsistence farming. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; Lei de Aguas 1982. 7706 Hermele, Kenneth. Contemporary Land Struggles in the Limpopo: A Case Study of Chokwe, Mozambique 1950-1985. Uppsala, Sweden: University of Uppsala, 1986.26 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Land distribution, Agrarian economy, Agricultural cooperatives, Land-use policy, Peasant economy. KEYWORDS: Limpopo Valley, Mozambique; state farms; CAIL (Complexo Agro-Industrial de Limpopo); FRELIMO; Chokwe, Mozambique. Examines the state farm called CAIL. Blames the failure of the project on overmechanization, tractor concentration, poor maintenance, peasant resistance, and contradictions inherent in the state farm concept. Addresses the administration reform started in 1983, which did not resolve the struggle for land. 7707 Hermele, Kenneth. Land Struggles and Social Differentiation in Southern Mozambique : A Case Study of Chokwe, Limpopo, 19501987. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1988. 64 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural policy, Social s t r a t i f i c a t i o n , A g r i c u l t u r a l c o o p e r a t i v e s , Class c o n f l i c t . KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; Nkomati Accord 1984; Chokwe people; Limpopo Valley, Mozambique; CAIL (Complexo Agro-Industrial de Limpopo). Highlights the major issues and problems of Mozambican agricultural policy from colonial times to the present. Presents a case study of a contemporary land struggle in the Limpopo valley. 7708 Mackintosh, Maureen. "Mozambique." In: Agricultural Pricing Policy in Africa: Four Country Case Studies, edited by Charles Harvey. London: Macmillan, 1988. 10-65 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural policy, Decentralization, Price policy, Agricultural marketing, Commercial agriculture. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; MNR (Mozambican National Resistance) ; parallel economy ; Zambezi

530 •

MOZAMBIQUE/Agriculture

River, Mozambique; Chokwe, Mozambique. Surveys available statistics on agricultural prices and markets. Offers two case studies on the operation of rural markets in Mozambique to demonstrate the relation between official prices, parallel market prices, market organization, and the nature of state intervention. Considers the policy issues facing Mozambique. 7709 Munslow, Barry. "State intervention in agriculture: The Mozambican experience." The Journal of Modern African Studies 22, no. 2 (June 1984): 199-221. tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Agricultural policy, Colonialism, Subsistence economy, Economic policy, Agricultural production. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; MNR (Mozambican National Resistance); Unidade de Producao de Baixo Limpopo. 7710 Raikes, Philip. "Food policy and production in Mozambique since independence." Review of African Political Economy 29 (July 1984): 95-107. SUBJECTS: Food policy, Food scarcity, Labor migration, Centrally planned economy, Peasant class, Drought, Socialist development. KEYWORDS: regional destabilization; state farms. 7711 Raikes, Philip. "Food policy and production in Mozambique since independence." In: Food Systems in Central and Southern Africa, edited by Johan Pottier. London: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, 1985. 231-245 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Food policy, Food production, Modernization, Agricultural production. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; state farms. 7712 Srivastava, R. K. "Growth and distribution: The case of Mozambique." In: Agrarian Policies and Rural Poverty in Africa, edited by Dharam Ghai and Samir Radwan. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1983. 249-80 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural cooperatives, Agricultural production, Employment, Basic needs, Smallholder agriculture. KEYWORDS: state farms. 7713 van den Berg, Jelle. "A peasant form of production: Wage-dependent agriculture in Southern Mozambique." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des etudes africaines 21, no. 3 (1987): 373-389. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Peasant economy, Labor migration, Agricultural production, Cash crop production. Analyzes the shift in southern Mozambique from being a selfsustaining agricultural sector in the 1900s to being a wage-dependent agricultural sector. Outlines both the loss of migration labor income and the shift from labor-intensive crops to cash crops that require less labor but are unsuited to the ecology of the region. SEE ALSO 4031, 12873, 12874, 14131, 16075.

Class

7714 Penvenne, Jeanne. The Unmaking of an African Petite Bourgeoisie: Lourengo Marques, Mozambique. Boston, Massachusetts: Boston University, 1982. 20 pp. SUBJECTS: Capitalist economy, Class analysis, Labor market, Bourgeoisie, Trade relations. KEYWORDS: Lourengo Marques, Mozambique; Portugal-Mozambique relations; assimilados.

Colonialism

SEE ALSO 347,3899.

Economics

7715 Egero, Bertil. Mozambique: A Dream Undone, the Political Economy of Democracy, 1975-84. Uppsala, Sweden: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, 1987. 230 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Armed conflict, Socialist development, Economic development, Peasant class, Socialism, Democracy, Political economy studies. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; Poder Popular (popular power); Mueda District, Mozambique; Portugal-Mozambique relations; Grupos Dinamizadores. Explores the manifestations of the sociopolitical experiences of Mozambique from the time of the liberation struggle to postindependence. Examines the development of conflicts and contradictions in society as a result of the policy of popular power. Explores the status of the peasant amid the changes taking place. 7716 Egero, Bertil, and Jans Erik Torp. "What kind of socialist transition in capitalist recession? The case of Mozambique." In: Recession in Africa, edited by Jerker Carlsson. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1983. 141-172 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic recession, Socialism, National liberation movement, Centrally planned economy, State power, Industrialization, Debt crisis. KEYWORDS: World Bank; Portugal-Mozambique relations. 7717 Fitzpatrick, J. "Economy of Mozambique: Problems and prospects." Third World Quarterly 3, no. 1 (January 1981): 77-87. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic integration, Food scarcity, Centrally planned economy, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: dualism. 7718 Hoile, David. Mozambique: A Nation in Crisis. London: Claridge, 1989. 144 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic reform, Political r e f o r m , Centrally planned economy, M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m . KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; RENAMO (Resistencia Nacional Mogambicana). Argues that political reconciliation between RENAMO and FRELIMO must accompany any economic restructuring in Mozambique. Analyzes claims about RENAMO's ties to the Republic of South Africa and FRELIMO's Marxist politics and economics. Concludes that FRELIMO's economic centralism has been disastrous and RENAMO's negative role overemphasized. 7719 Mackintosh, Maureen. "Agricultural marketing and socialist accumulation: A case study of maize marketing in Mozambique." The Journal of Peasant Studies 14, no. 2 (January 1987): 243-267. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural marketing, Agricultural policy, Socialist development, Capital accumulation, Price policy. KEYWORDS: maize; FRELIMO; ICM (Mozambique Cereals Institute); Zambezi River, Mozambique. Analyzes maize marketing and its implications for producers, traders, and consumers in one area of Mozambique before and after independence. Discusses some of the agricultural marketing policy problems encountered by the Mozambican government between 1977 and 1983 during the country's transformation to socialism. 7720 Marshall, Judith. "Structural adjustment and social policy in Mozambique." Review of African Political Economy 47 (Spring 1990): 28-43. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Urban population, Price policy, Public health, Education system, Standard of living. KEYWORDS: IMF; World Bank. Analyzes research and interviews with urban people on issues of health, food, and education to demonstrate that the living standards of women, children, and the poor are falling. Questions IMF and World Bank control over policy, the increase in human suffering, and the advisability of adjustment during a war.

MOZAMBIQUE/Foreign Relations •

7721 Melkote, Rama S. "Mozambique: Imperatives of peace and development." Africa Quarterly 26, no. 2/4 (1986/1987): 70-77. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Economic dependency, Regional cooperation, Economic crisis. KEYWORDS: RSA-Mozambique relations; FRELIMO; MNR (Mozambican National Resistance); regional destabilization. Asserts that Mozambique's political and economic development are inextricably linked to the RSA's regional strategy of destabilization in Africa and in the western Indian Ocean. 7722 Miech-Chatenay, Michele. Mozambique: The Key Sectors of the Economy. Paris: Banque d'Information et de Documentation de l'Océan Indien, 1986. 286 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Traditional political system, Economic policy, Banking policy, Economic relations, Foreign trade, Industrial policy, Agricultural policy. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; MONAP (Mozambique Nordic Agricultural Programme). Provides a succinct description of the geographic, social, economic, and political conditions of Mozambique. Defines Mozambican economic policy and touches on Mozambican economic relations with other countries. 7723 Mittelman, James H. Underdevelopment and the Transition to Socialism: Mozambique and Tanzania. New York: Academic, 1981. 277 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Underdevelopment, Socialism, Liberation movement, Imperialism, Nationalization, Banking, Political economy studies. KEYWORDS: World Bank; FRELIMO; rural credit. 7724 Ottaway, Marina. "Mozambique: From symbolic socialism to symbolic reform." The Journal of Modern African Studies 26, no. 2 (June 1988): 211-226. SUBJECTS: Economic reform, Peasant e c o n o m y , Socialist d e v e l o p m e n t , Agricultural production, Nationalization, Cooperatives. K E Y W O R D S : World Bank; RENAMO (Resistencia Nacional Moçambicana); IMF; FRELIMO; state farms. Discusses Mozambique's attempted socialist transformation from 1974 to 1984 and the subsequent adoption of economic reforms. Concludes that even if the leadership is sincere about reform, society is not ready to take advantage of the opportunities offered by economic liberalization because of conditions and the war. 7725 Saul, John S. "Nkomati and after." In: A Difficult Road: The Transition to Socialism in Mozambique, edited by John S. Saul. New York: Monthly Review, 1985. 391-418 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS : Economic relations, Economic dependency. KEYWORDS: Nkomati Accord 1984; FRELIMO; MNR (Mozambicuan National Resistance); SADCC; ANC. 7726 Torp, Jens Erik, ed. Mozambique, Sao Tomé and Principe. London and New York: Pinter, 1989. 204 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Sao Tomé and Principe. SUBJECTS: Geographical analysis, Economic policy, Political system, Sociological analysis, Economic system. KEYWORDS: MLSTP (Movimento de Libertaçao de Sao Tomé e Príncipe); social structure; FRELIMO; RSA-Mozambique relations. Examines the workings of the African Marxist governments of Mozambique and Sao Tomé and Principe. Evaluates the economic, social, and political policies of these Marxist governments. Provides an appraisal of the Frente de Libertaçao de Moçambique and the Movimento de Libertaçao de Sao Tomé e Principe in power. 7727 Wuyts, Marc Eric. Money and Planning for Socialist Transition: The Mozambican Experience. Brookfield, Vermont: Gower, 1989. 167 pp. SUBJECTS: Monetary policy, Socialist development, Public investment, Economic dependency, Regional integration. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO. Discusses the role of money and monetary policy in shaping the

531

way production relations evolve. Analyzes monetary policy in terms of distributional effects, accumulation and consumption, and the structure of production. Applies this analysis to the transition from capitalism to socialism. SEE ALSO 3903, 3904, 7882.

Education

7728 Johnston, Anton. "Adult literacy for development in Mozambique." The African Studies Review 33, no. 3 (December 1990): 83-96. SUBJECTS: Literacy, National development, Adult education. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; National Literacy Campaigns of 1980, 1981, and 1982. Reviews the history of the postcolonial literacy policy and the programs of the FRELIMO government. Describes the major literacy programs in the period 1974-1988 and the results of these programs in both political and human development terms. 7729 Johnston, Anton, ed. Education in Mozambique 1975-84: A Review. Stockholm, Sweden: SIDA (Swedish International Development Authority), 1984. 129 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Statistical analysis, Education policy, Secondary education, Adult education, Technical training, Public administration. KEYWORDS: curriculum; publishing industry; teacher training. 7730 Lind, Agneta. Literacy Campaigns and Nation-building in Mozambique: First Literacy Campaign Including a Case Study of One Literacy Center. Stockholm, Sweden: Institute of International Educcation, University of Stockholm, 1981. 87 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Literacy, Nation-building, Adult education. KEYWORDS: DNAEA (National Directorate of Literacy and Adult Education); Provincial Service for Literacy and Adult Education; EMOPESCA (literacy center). 7731 Marshall, Judith. "Making education revolutionary." In: A Difficult Road: The Transition to Socialism in Mozambique, edited by John S. Saul. New York: Monthly Review, 1985. 155-210 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Education policy, Literacy, Secondary education, Revolutionary movement. KEYWORDS: Mozambique Ministry of Education and Culture; FRELIMO; NES (National Education System); Machel, Samora. 7732 Mehnert, W. "On the process of the formation of FRELIMO's Marxist-Leninist education policy." In: African Studies: AfrikaStudien, edited by Gerhard Brehme and Thea Biittner. Berlin, West Germany: Akademie-Verlag, 1983. 173-188 pp. SUBJECTS: Education policy, Marxism-Leninism, Nationalism, Adult education, Technical training. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO. SEE ALSO 14248.

Foreign Relations

7733 Cokorinos, Lee, and James H. Mittelman. "Reagan and the Pax Afrikaana." The Journal of Modern African Studies 23, no. 4 (December 1985): 551-573. ALSO COVERS: Zimbabwe, Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Economic relations, Military intervention, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: Reagan, Ronald; ZANU; ANC; FRELIMO; MNR (Mozambican National

5 3 2 • MOZAMBIQUE/Foreign Relations

Resistance). 7734 Gunn, Gillian. "Cuba and Mozambique: A history of cordial disagreement." In: Cuban Internationalism in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Sergio Diaz-Briquets. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Duquesne University Press, 1989. 78-101 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Diplomatic relations, Political history. KEYWORDS: CubaMozambique relations. Describes the cordial but stormy relations between Mozambique and Cuba, based largely on confidential interviews conducted with Mozambican and US officials. Predicts continued cooperation between Cuba and Mozambique that will emphasize civilian rather than military assistance. 7735 Hermele, Kenneth. "Sweden and the Third World: Development aid and capital involvement." Review of African Political Economy 23 (January/April 1982): 85-100. tables. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania, Angola. SUBJECTS: Foreign capital, Trade policy, Development financing, Transnational corporations, Research and development, Investment policy. KEYWORDS: Sweden-Africa relations; SIDA (Swedish International Development Authority). 7736 Isaacman, Allen, and Jennifer Davis. "US policy towards Mozambique, 1946-1976: 'The defense of colonialism and regional stability.'" In: American Policy in Southern Africa: The Stakes and the Stance, edited by René Lemarchand. Washington, DC: University Press of America, 1981. 17-62 pp. SUBJECTS: Foreign aid, International relations, Military aid, Liberation movement. KEYWORDS: US-Mozambique relations; FRELIMO; anticommunism. 7737 Singleton, Seth. "From intervention to consolidation: The Soviet Union and Southern Africa." In: The Soviet Impact in Africa, edited by R. Craig Nation and Mark V. Kauppi. Lexington, Massachusetts: Lexington, 1984. 105-124 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Angola, Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Political parties. KEYWORDS: USSR-Africa relations; USSR influence. 7738 Vanneman, Peter. "Soviet foreign economic policy in the Third World: The case of Mozambique after Nkomati." African Studies Association Papers 27, no. 108 (October 1984): 1-7. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, Foreign aid, Ideological conflict, Agricultural cooperatives, Food aid. KEYWORDS: Council for Mutual Economic Assistance; Nkomati Accord 1984; USSR-Mozambique relations. SEE ALSO 1105, 1235,1266, 3911, 3912, 3913, 7235, 8947,10831, 10847, 10861, 10939, 13404, 13406, 13437, 13444, 16187.

General

7739 Aasland, Tertit. Cotton International. Oslo, Norway: Norsk Utenrikspolitisk Institutt, 1982. 191 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Industrialization, Development policy. KEYWORDS: Council for Mutual Economic Assistance; Lomé conventions; cotton. 7740 Anglin, Douglas G. "Nkomati Accord in retrospect." African Studies Association Papers 28, no. 6 (November 1985): 1-23. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Apartheid, Liberation movement. KEYWORDS: Machel, Samora; Maputo, Mozambique; FRELIMO; SADCC; Nkomati Accord 1984. 7741 Botha, Pierre. "Mozambique: The Democratic People's

Revolution fails." Africa Insight 13, no. 2 (1983): 130-134. tables. SUBJECTS: Nationalization, Liberation movement, MarxismLeninism, Economic dependency. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; RENAMO (Resistencia Nacional Moçambicana). 7742 Brochmann, Grete. "Migrant labour and foreign policy: The case of Mozambique." Journal of Peace Research 22, no. 4 (1985): 335-344. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa, Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Labor migration, Foreign policy, Economic dependency. KEYWORDS: Nkomati Accord 1984; MNR (Mozambiquan National Resistance). 7743 Cahen, Michel. "La Crise du nationalisme." Politique africaine no. 29 (March 1988): 2-15. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Nationalist movement, Liberation movement, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; RENAMO (Resistencia Nacional Moçambicana); Portugal-Mozambique relations. Examines FRELIMO's political philosophy and rural development program. Suggests that in some ways FRELIMO's early attempts at creating a Marxist state drew too much from Eurocentric political and economic strategies. Explores FRELIMO's relationship to RENAMO. 7744 Campbell, Horace. War, Reconstruction and Dependency in Mozambique. Trenton, New Jersey: Africa Research and Publications Project, 1984. 25 pp. SUBJECTS: Warfare, Apartheid, Agricultural production. KEYWORDS: MNR (Mozambiquan National Resistance); FPLM (Forças Populares para a Libertaçao do Moçambique); FRELIMO. 7745 Centro de Estudos Africanos. "Strategies of social research in Mozambique: The case of the Centre of African Studies of the Eduardo Mondlane University." In: Southern Africa Research for Development, edited by Michael Malefetsane Sefali. Roma, Lesotho: Institute of Southern African Studies, 1988. 269-279 pp. SUBJECTS: Academic research, Marxist analysis, National development. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; CEA (Centro de Estudos Africanos); African studies; social science discipline; University Eduardo Mondlane. Examines social research in Mozambique as affected by the CEA at Eduardo Mondlane University. Reviews Mozambique's history. States that the CEA has focused on the problems of transforming production. 7746 Cliff, Julie, Najmi Kanji, and Mike Muller. "Mozambique health holding the line." Review of African Political Economy 36 (1986): 7-23. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Health care system, Warfare. KEYWORDS: USAID; MEDIMOC; donor agency. Examines the state of health care in Mozambique in a political and economic context. Argues that chronic warfare has severely disrupted the government's efforts to provide health care and that international agencies—supposedly aiding Mozambique—have actually weakened its capabilities further. 7747 Darch, Colin, Calisto Pacheleke, Robert L. Collison, and John J. Horton, eds. Mozambique. Oxford, UK: Clio, 1987. 360 pp. biblio, maps. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Famine, Political economy studies, Colonialism, Industrial development, Women's studies, Health care policy. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; OMM (Organizaçao das Mulheres Moçambicanas); MNR (Mozambican National Resistance). Highlights a myriad of sources concerning various aspects of Mozambican society, including health, agriculture, education, politics, women, transportation, foreign relations, and environmental concerns. 7748 Davison, Jean. Gender Relations of Production in Collective Farming in Mozambique: Case Studies from Sofala Province. East Lansing, Michigan: Michigan State University, 1987. 16 pp. biblio,

MOZAMBIQUE/General tables. SUBJECTS: Gender relations, Agricultural cooperatives, Peasant class, Labor policy, Peasant economy. KEYWORDS: Sofala Province, Mozambique; FRELIMO; OMM (Organizaçao das Mulheres Moçambicanas); communal agriculture. Examines the role of peasant women in the development schemes of the Sofala province. Assesses gender equality in the development schemes of Mozambique. 7749 de Blij, Harm J. "Mozambique." In: African Perspectives: An Exchange of Essays on the Economic Geography of Nine African States, edited by Harm J. de Blij, Esmond Martin, and Ali Memon. New York: Methuen, 1981. 91-114 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Industrial development, Population growth, Development policy. KEYWORDS: spatial analysis; economic geography. 7750 De Braganca, Aquino, and Basil Davidson. "Independence without decolonization: Mozambique, 1974-1975." In: Decolonization and African Independence: The Transfers of Power, 1960-1980, edited by Prosser Gifford and Wm. Roger Louis. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1988. 427-443 pp. SUBJECTS: Decolonization, Nationalist movement, Independence movement. KEYWORDS: Maxwell, Kenneth; FRELIMO; Spinola; PortugalAfrica relations. Contains an introduction by Basil Davidson. Draws on the research of the Mozambican historian Aquino de Braganca, who was tragically killed. Analyzes the transfer of power in Mozambique and specifically addresses Spinola's and FRELIMO's positions on the handover of power. 7751 de Brito, Luis. "Une Relecture nécessaire: la genèse du partiétat FRELIMO." Politique africaine no. 29 (March 1988): 14-27. maps. SUBJECTS : Peasant society, Nationalist movement, Liberation movement, Colonialism, Marxism-Leninism. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; Machel, Samora; Portugal-Mozambique relations. Examines the history of FRELIMO, focusing on the colonial era. Assesses the radicalization of FRELIMO and the development of its Marxist-Leninist ideology. 7752 Derluguian, Gueorgui. "Les Têtes du monstre: du climat social de la violence armée au Mozambique." Année africaine 34 (1989): 89-127. SUBJECTS: Armed conflict, Socialist government, Independence movement, Political violence. KEYWORDS: REN AMO (Resistencia Nacional Moçambicana); FRELIMO. Proposes a different vision of armed violence in Mozambique. Regards violence as an expression of the decomposition of colonial society provoked by a rupture with the international market and its subsystems. Does not accept the premise of attacking information about the Mozambican conflict. Presents a new interpretation of the same information. 7753 Egeroe, Bertil. Mozambique and the Southern Africa Struggle for Liberation, 1974-81. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1985. 29 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa, Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Liberation movement, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: Mozambique-RSA relations; MozambiqueSouthern Africa relations; FRELIMO; SADCC. 7754 Fair, T. J. D. "Mozambique: Frelimo's strategy for rural-urban balance." Africa Insight 14, no. 3 (1984): 149-157. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Rural-urban relations, Colonialism, Export economy, Urban growth, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; Mozambique Third Congress 1977; Mozambique Fourth Congress 1983. 7755 Ferreira, M. Margarida Ponte. Cotton in the Mozambican Colonial Economy. Oslo, Norway: Norsk Utenrikspolitisk Institutt, 1982. 42 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Subsistence economy, Industrial development, Agricultural policy, Export policy, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: cotton.

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7756 Gerth-Wellmann, Hella, and Ursula Semin-Panzer. Cotton and textiles under the Lomé Conventions. Oslo, Norway: Norsk Utenrikspolitisk Institutt, 1982. 36 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International economic system, Trade relations, Agricultural marketing, Industrial development. KEYWORDS: cotton; EEC; Lomé Convention 1975; Lomé Convention 1979; textiles. 7757 Glickman, Harvey. "Reconstructionist strategies in Mozambique: How insecurity and de-development in Mozambique provide an opportunity for U.S.-U.S.S.R. co-operative action toward stability . . . in Southern Africa." In: Toward Peace and Security in Southern Africa, edited by Harvey Glickman. New York: Gordon and Breach, 1990. 189-203 pp. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa, Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Superpower politics, Economic development. KEYWORDS: regional destabilization; RSA-Mozambique relations. Examines Mozambique's economic position relative to the RS A. Assesses how the RSA has managed through its policy of regional destabilization to inhibit the development of a Mozambican economy. Looks at possibilities for superpower cooperation in the economic recovery of Mozambique. 7758 Gunn, Gillian. "Learning from adversity: The Mozambican experience." In: Regional Conflict and U.S. Policy: Angola and Mozambique, edited by Richard J. Bloomfield. Algonac, Michigan: Reference, 1988. 134-185 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Political history. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; Machel, Samora; Nkomati Accord 1984; Chissano, Joaquim; RSA-Mozambique relations. Outlines Mozambique's recent political history, focusing on its relationship with the RSA. Details the Nkomati Accord and its failings. Highlights the career of Mozambique's foreign minister Joaquim Chissano. Addresses what the US should do about the current situation in Mozambique. 7759 Honwana, Raul Bernardo Manuel. The Life History of Raul Honwana: An Inside View of Mozambique from Colonialism to Independence, 1905-1975. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1988. 181 pp. SUBJECTS: Biography, Nationalist movement, Political history. KEYWORDS: Honwana, Raul Bernardo Manuel; FRELIMO; PIDE (Portuguese secret police). The autobiography of Raul Honwana, which traces the author's experiences under Portuguese colonialism, his membership in FRELIMO, his participation in the transition to independence, and his views on the historical context of the struggle. 7760 Isaacman, Allen. "Mozambique cotton cooperative: The creation of a grassroots alternative to forced commodity production." The African Studies Review 25, no. 2/3 (June/September 1982): 5-25. SUBJECTS: Agricultural cooperatives, Colonialism, Grassroots movement, Capitalism, Commodity production. KEYWORDS: cotton; SAGAL (Sociedade Agricola Algodoeira); Kavandame, Lasaro; MANU (Mozambique African National Union). 7761 Isaacman, Allen. "Underdevelopment and economic transformation in Mozambique to 1977." In: Southern Africa: Society, Economy and Liberation, edited by David Wiley and Allen F. Isaacman. East Lansing, Michigan: African Studies Center, Michigan State University, 1981. 169-208 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Industrial development, Rural development, Economic policy, Underdevelopment. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO. 7762 Mainardi, Stefano. "Growth, productivity and foreign resources: Analysis and projections for Mozambique." Savings and Development 13, no. 2 (1989): 169-181. tables. SUBJECTS: Statistical analysis, Economic growth rate, Foreign investment. Considers Mozambique's rehabilitation program of the late 1980s. Concludes that the foreign inflow rate must increase and

534

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MOZAMBIQUE/General

assistance must be more effective. Addresses various economic indicators for causality.

Decolonization, National liberation movement. KEYWORDS: Portugal-Mozambique relations; FRELIMO.

7763 Margarido, Alfredo. "Littérature et nationalité." Politique africaine no. 29 (March 1988): 58-70. SUBJECTS: Nationalist movement, Literature review, Liberation movement. KEYWORDS: political literature; de Noronha, Ruy. Examines the role that literature has played in liberation movements in Portuguese-speaking Africa, especially in Mozambique. Examines the work of poet Ruy de Noronha and the role of underground presses in liberation movements.

7770 Morgan, Glenda. "Violence in Mozambique: The case of Renamo." Africa Insight 20, no. 2 (1990): 74-79. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Political violence, International relations, Guerrilla activity, Traditional society, State power. KEYWORDS: RENAMO (Resistencia Nacional Mogambicana); FRELIMO. Enters the debate on whether RENAMO is externally or internally supported by claiming that the breakdown of society, politics, and economy in Mozambique has fed the activities of RENAMO but not caused them. Describes the origins of RENAMO, its mode of operation, and the problems it feeds on.

7764 M a r t i n , David, and Phyllis Johnson. "Mozambique: To Nkomati and beyond." In: Destructive Engagement: Southern Africa at War, edited by Phyllis Johnson and David Martin. Harare, Zimbabwe: Zimbabwe Publishing, 1986. 1-41 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Political opposition, International relations, Military policy. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; RSA-Mozambique relations; ANC; Nkomati Accord 1984; MNR (Mozambiquan National Resistance). Provides a political history of Mozambique from 1971 through the signing of the Nkomati Accord. Includes detailed descriptions of the RSA's regional destabilization activities. Addresses specifically the role of the RSA as trainer, supplier, and director of the MNR, the source of regional insecurity. 7765 Marzagao, Carlos, and Malcom Segall. "Drug selection: Mozambique." World Development 11, no. 3 (March 1983): 205-216. biblio, tables. S U B J E C T S : Drug control, Public health. KEYWORDS: pharmaceuticals. 7766 McLaughlin, Janice. "We did it for love: Refugees and religion in the camps in Mozambique and Zambia during Zimbabwe's liberation struggle." In: Church and State in Zimbabwe, edited by Carl F. Hallencreutz and Ambrose M. Moyo. Harare, Zimbabwe: Mambo, 1988. 127-145 pp. ALSO COVERS: Zambia, Zimbabwe. SUBJECTS: Refugees, Christianity, Liberation movement. KEYWORDS: ZANU; ZAPU (Zimbabwe African People's Union); ZANLA; ZIPRA (Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army). Examines the charge that the freedom fighters of ZANLA and ZIPRA were opposed to religion and particularly hostile to Christianity. Focuses on the refugee camps. Suggests that the value system, ethics, and morality of the refugees were entirely compatible with Christianity. 7767 Metz, Steven. "The Mozambique National Resistance and South African foreign policy." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 85, no. 341 (October 1986): 491-507. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Foreign policy, Guerrilla activity. KEYWORDS : MNR (Mozambiquan National Resistance); FRELIMO; Nkomati Accord 1984; RSA-Mozambique relations. Discusses the aggressive and militarized acts perpetrated by the RSA against its neighbors. Uses the MNR to illustrate the effectiveness of organizations in other countries in carrying out RSA policy and how the character of the MNR has changed under RSA influence. 7768 Meyns, Peter. "Liberation ideology and national development strategy in Mozambique." Review of African Political Economy 22 (October/December 1981): 42-64. SUBJECTS: National development, Marxist analysis, Colonialism, Plantation economy, Labor migration, National liberation movement. KEYWORDS: state production; FRELIMO. 7769 Mondlane, Eduardo. The Struggle for Mozambique. London: Zed, 1983. 224 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Political history,

7771 Morgan, Glenda. "Violence in Mozambique: Towards an understanding of Renamo." The Journal of Modem African Studies 28, no. 4 (December 1990): 603-619. SUBJECTS: Internal conflict, Political violence, Agricultural policy. KEYWORDS: RENAMO (Resistencia Nacional Mogambicana); FRELIMO; MozambiqueRS A relations. Examines the conditions within Mozambique that have contributed to the growth of RENAMO despite its reliance on forced recruitment and violent tactics. Argues that the RSA was important in establishing RENAMO and that, however, FRELIMO's agricultural policies have contributed to the strength of RENAMO as well. 7772 Munslow, Barry, and Michael Wolfers, eds. Samora Machel, an African Revolutionary: Selected Speeches and Writings, translated by Barry Munslow and Michael Wolfers. London: Zed, 1985. 210 pp. SUBJECTS: National liberation movement, Leadership analysis, Guerrilla activity, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; PortugalMozambique relations; Mozambique Revolutionary War; Machel, Samora. 7773 Nelson, Harold D., ed. Mozambique: A Country Study. Washington, DC: Headquarters, Department of the Army, 1984. 342 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Economic analysis, Government analysis, Industrial production, Agricultural production, National security. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; RENAMO (Resistencia Nacional Mogambicana); MNR (Mozambiquan National Resistance). 7774 Nkiwane, Solomon M. "Humanitarian considerations in M o z a m b i q u e and Z i m b a b w e : Problems of security." In: Humanitarian Emergencies and Military Help in Africa, edited by Thomas G. Weiss. Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan, 1990. 74-93 pp. ALSO COVERS: Zimbabwe. SUBJECTS: Regional security, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: humanitarian aid; MNR (Mozambiquan National Resistance); Frontline states. Examines the humanitarian problems and needs of refugees and other displaced people in Mozambique and Zimbabwe as an integral part of the security situation in the frontline states. Argues that the frontline states need to take more concrete and joint actions than they have thus far. 7775 Nmona, Vera. "African nation reaction to non-aggression agreements: The case of Mozambique." African Studies Association Papers 27, no. 75 (October 1984): 1-25. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Liberation movement, Defense policy, Apartheid. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; ANC; OAU; SADCC; nonaggression agreement. 7776 Pelissier, Rene. "Maputo, Luanda et les autres." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 243/244 (1986): 141-159. ALSO COVERS: Sao Tomé and Principe, Angola. SUBJECTS: International relations, Colonialism, Liberation

MOZAMBIQUE/General

movement. KEYWORDS: Lusophone Africa; UNITA; PAIGC; MPLA; FRELIMO. Reviews major works on Portuguese-speaking African political affairs. 7777 Penvenne, Jeanne. "A Luta continual Recent literature on Mozambique." The International Journal of African Historical Studies 18, no. 1 (1985): 109-138. SUBJECTS: Bibliography,National liberation movement, Migration, Historical analysis, Hunger. KEYWORDS: Mozambique-RSA relations. 7778 Penvenne, Jeanne. "The unmaking of an African petty bourgeoisie Lourenfo Marques, Mozambique." African Studies Association Papers 24, no. 98 (October 1981): 1-20. SUBJECTS: Bourgeoisie, Trade relations, Women's studies, Racial discrimination, Income inequality, Colonialism, Education system. KEYWORDS: missionaries; skilled labor; Lourengo Marques, Mozambique. 7779 Quan, Julian. Mozambique: A Cry for Peace. Oxford, UK: OXFAM, 1987. 35 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Famine, Warfare, Health care policy, Regional economics. KEYWORDS: OMM (Organizagao das Mulheres Mojambicanas); MNR (Mozambiquan National Resistance); SADCC; FRELIMO. Assesses the impact of warfare, especially that of the MNR, on several areas of Mozambican society, including health, education, food supply, and water supply. Considers the effect of government policy on the economic crisis in Mozambique. 7780 Roesch, Otto. "Peasants and collective agriculture in Mozambique." In: The Politics of Agriculture in Tropical Africa, edited by Jonathan Barker. Beverly Hills, California: Sage, 1984. 291-316 pp. SUBJECTS: Peasant society, Cooperatives, Agricultural policy. KEYWORDS: Limpopo Valley, Mozambique; Baixo Limpopo, Mozambique; Mozambique Fourth Congress 1983. 7781 Saul, John S., ed. A Difficult Road: The Transition to Socialism in Mozambique. New York: Monthly Review, 1985. 420 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Revolutionary movement, Socialism, Education reform, Agricultural policy, Industrial sector, Urban poverty. KEYWORDS: Nkomati Accord 1984; FRELIMO; OMM (Organizaijao das Mulheres Mofambicanas); ANC; SADCC. 7782 Saul, John S. "African peasants and revolution." In: Political Economy ofAfrica: Selected Readings, edited by Dennis L. Cohen and John Daniel. London: Longman, 1981. 264-289 pp. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Peasant society, Revolutionary movement. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; TANU. 7783 Saul,John S. "Development andcounterdevelopmentstrategies in Mozambique." In: Afro-Marxist Regimes: Ideology and Public Policy, edited by Edmond J. Keller and Donald Rothchild. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1987.109-153 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, International relations, Apartheid. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; RSA-Mozambique relations; regional destabilization; US-Nicaragua relations. Discusses RSA aggression against Mozambique, stating that it marks a new sophistication in the techniques of global counterrevolution. Compares the RSA policy of regional destabilization to US support for Contra insurgency in Nicaragua. Concludes that such policies are designed to counter development. 7784 Saul, John S. "The context: Colonialism and revolution." In: A Difficult Road: The Transition to Socialism in Mozambique, edited by John S. Saul. New York: Monthly Review, 1985. 35-74 pp. SUBJECTS: Nationalism, Education policy, National liberation movement, Colonialism, Class struggle, Labor migration, Economic

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dependency. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; Portugal-Mozambique relations. 7785 Serapiao, Luis Benjamin. "FRELIMO and political legitimacy in independent Mozambique." Africa Quarterly 29, no. 1/2 (1989): 10-26. SUBJECTS: Political parties, Political opposition, Warfare. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; RENAMO (Resistencia Nacional Mojambicana); Portugal-Mozambique relations. States that the length of the military conflict in Mozambique has eroded FRELIMO's legitimacy. Argues that this erosion is due to FRELIMO's reliance on colonial tactics such as using threats to national security as a tool of diplomacy and its denial of the credibility of RENAMO. 7786 Thomashausen, Andre E. "The national resistance of Mozambique." Africalnsight 13, no. 2 (1983): 125-129. tables. SUBJECTS: National liberation movement, Military aid. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; RENAMO (Resistencia Nacional Mogambicana); Machel, Samora. 7787 Torp, Jens Erik. "Mozambique." In: Mozambique, Sao Tomé and Príncipe, edited by Jens Erik Torp. London: Pinter, 1989. 1-117 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Geographical analysis, Historical analysis, Economic policy, Political system, Sociological analysis, Health care policy. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; PRE (Economic Rehabilitation Programme); RSA-Mozambique relations. Provides a historical and geographical analysis of Mozambique. Examines the economic and political policies of the Mozambican government. Touches on the health care and education policies of Mozambique. 7788 van Aswegen, H. J. "Restructuring society: The case of Mozambique." In: On the Razor's Edge: Prospects for Political Stability in Southern Africa, edited by Calvin A. Woodward. Pretoria, RSA: Africa Institute of South Africa, 1986.163-169 pp. SUBJECTS: Nationalization, One-party system, Economic development, Political opposition, Industrial development, Labor migration. KEYWORDS: Machel, Samora; FRELIMO. Discusses the revolution in Mozambique and subsequent attempts by Samora Machel and FRELIMO to restructure the society. Assesses the success of economic nationalization and the prospects for future economic stability and development. Concludes that the prospects for Mozambique's becoming a stable country are not good. 7789 Vardman, Anna. "Co-operative movement in Chokwe, Mozambique." Journal of Southern African Studies 11, no. 2 (April 1985): 295-304. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural cooperatives, Centrally planned economy. KEYWORDS: regional destabilization; FRELIMO; MNR (Mozambiquan National Resistance); Chokwe, Mozambique. 7790 Verschuur, Christine, Marluza Correa Lima, Philippe Lamy, and Germán Velasquez. Mozambique, dix ans de solitude. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1986.182 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Public health, Education policy, Nationalization, Economic policy, Agricultural production. KEYWORDS: Nkomati Accord 1984; FRELIMO; Machel, Samora. Analyzes social and economic conditions in Mozambique and how they have deteriorated to the point of forcing the government to sign the Nkomati Accord with the RSA. Questions whether the pressure to sign resulted from exterior aggression. Asserts that most of the pressure came from the peasantry. SEE ALSO 1679, 1896, 1931, 3932, 3938, 3939, 3941, 3947, 5473, 10997, 11037, 11091, 11149, 11344, 11547, 12933, 13459, 13462, 13506,13515,13532, 13538,13557, 13564,13576, 15903.

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MOZAMBIQUE/Health

Health

7791 Barker, Carol. "Are 300 drugs too many?" In: Mozambique: Towards a People's Health Service, edited by Gillian Walt and Angela Melamed. London: Zed, 1984.131-143 pp. SUBJECTS: Drug control, Health care policy, Traditional medicine. KEYWORDS: pharmaceuticals. 7792 Barker, Carol. "Bringing health care to the people." In: A Difficult Road: The Transition to Socialism in Mozambique, edited by John S. Saul. New York: Monthly Review, 1985. 316-346 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Health care policy, Traditional medicine, Health service, Armed conflict, Nationalization, Appropriate technology. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; Portugal-Mozambique relations; curandeiro (traditional medicine practitioner); OMM (Organizaçao das Mulheres Moçambicanas). 7793 de Suarez-Ojeda, Mabel Munist, and Liliana Frieiro. Report on the Evaluation of UNFPA Assistance to the Family Planning Programme in Mozambique: Project M0Z/78/P03. New York: UN Fund for Population Activities, 1985. 36 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Family planning, Public health, Women's political role, Population policy. KEYWORDS: UNFPA (UN Fund for Population Activities); OMM (Organizaçao das Mulheres Moçambicanas); maternal health; child health. 7794 Hanlon, Joseph. Mozambique: The Revolution under Fire. London: Zed, 1984. 292 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Revolutionary movement, Armed conflict, Health care policy, Health care system, Nationalization, Agricultural policy, Class struggle. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; OMM (Organizaçao das Mulheres Moçambicanas); MNR (Mozambican National Resistance); SADCC; ANC. 7795 Martins, Helder. "Pharmaceutical policy in independent Mozambique: The first years." Institute of Development Studies Bulletin 14, no. 4 (1983): 62-70. tables. SUBJECTS: Public health, Health care policy, Resource distribution. KEYWORDS: pharmaceuticals. 7796 Velasquez, German. Pour une politique du médicament: l'expérience du Mozambique. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1985. 94 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Public health, Health care system, Drug control. KEYWORDS: pharmaceuticals; Mozambique National Health Service. 7797 Walt, Gill. "The evolution of health policy." In: Mozambique: Towards a People's Health Service, edited by Gillian Walt and Angela Melamed. London: Zed, 1984. 1-25 pp. SUBJECTS: Health care policy, Colonialism, Armed conflict, Malnutrition, Nationalization. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; Machel, Samora. 7798 W a l t , Gillian, and Angela Melamed, eds. Mozambique: Towards a People's Health Service. London: Zed, 1984. 150 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Health care policy, Democratization, Armed conflict, Colonialism, Health care system, Rural population. KEYWORDS: Niassa Province, Mozambique; FRELIMO. SEE ALSO 8019, 11629.

Household and Family

7799 Geffray, Christian. "Hommes pique-assiettes et femmes amoureuses. La société makhuwa (Erati) de 1956 à nos jours." Cahiers

des sciences humaines 25, no. 3 (1989): 325-337. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Marriage, Land tenure system, Colonialism, Family. KEYWORDS: cashews; Makhuwa people. Discusses the social effects of cashew cultivation introduced and managed by the Portuguese administration in Mozambique in 1956. Examines the subsequent financial status of males and land control. Claims that cashew cultivation has subverted lineal authority, domestic integration, and marriage. 7800 Sachs, Albie, and Gita Honwana Welch. Liberating the Law: Creating Popular Justice in Mozambique. London: Zed, 1990. 136 pp. SUBJECTS: Legal system, Family, Land-use policy, Marriage, Women's studies. KEYWORDS: OMM (Organizagao das Mulheres Mofambicanas); bridewealth. Deals with the first decade of experience in building a new legal system based on new principles in Mozambique. Examines the evolution of the Mozambican legal system, especially its "popular" character'

Human/Civil Rights

SEE ALSO 2117.

Industry

7801 Cilek, Vaclav G. Industrial Minerals of Mozambique. Prague, Czechoslovakia: Geological Survey for the Czech Geologic Office, 1989. 326 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Natural resource management, Industrial production, Scientific research, Mining. KEYWORDS: industrial minerals. Reviews Mozambican geology and mining and examines the potential industrial applications of Mozambican mineral resources. Discusses such issues as the production of cement and lime, building stone, ceramics and glass. Argues that Mozambique can supply many of its neighbors from these surplus minerals. 7802 Munslow, Barry. "Mozambique." In: Energy and Development in Southern Africa: SADCC Country Studies, volume two, edited by Phil O'Keefe and Barry Munslow. Stockholm, Sweden: Beijer Institute, Royal Swedish Academy of Scienc, 1984. 5-47 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Energy use, Rural population, Industrial sector, Resource distribution. KEYWORDS: energy policy. 7803 Ollivier, Claire. "La Colosse paralyseé." Politique africaine no. 29 (March 1988): 51-57. SUBJECTS: Energy industry, Industrial development, Economic relations, International relations. KEYWORDS: Cahora-Bassa hydroelectric plant; RSA-Mozambique relations; RENAMO (Resistencia Nacional Mojambicana); hydroelectric energy; regional destabilization. Examines the construction and subsequent failure of Cahora Bassa, the largest hydroelectric power plant in Africa. States that the plant was ready for operation by 1979 but by 1984 was completely paralyzed by the sabotage of RENAMO. Suggests that destabilization policies of the RSA have deterred any future success. 7804 Sketchley, Peter. "The struggle for new social relations of production in industry." In: A Difficult Road: The Transition to Socialism in Mozambique, edited by John S. Saul. New York: Monthly Review, 1985. 253-278 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Industrial development, Class formation, Political parties, Industrial policy.

MOZAMBIQUE/Military Affairs • 5 3 7 KEYWORDS: CIFEL (Companhia Industrial de Fundicao e Laminagem); FRELIMO; Production Councils; Mozambique Ministry of Industry.

Discusses the conflict that caused large population displacements from and within Mozambique. Summarizes the status of Mozambican refugees in their countries of asylum. SEE ALSO 2392, 2400.

Labor Military Affairs 7805 First, Ruth. Black Gold: The Mozambican Miner, Proletarian and Peasant. Sussex, UK: Harvester, 1983. 256 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Labor migration, Mining, Peasant economy, Labor force, Peasant society. KEYWORDS: Inhambane Province, Mozambique; WENELA (Witwatersrand Native Labour Association); TEBA (The Employment Bureau of Africa). 7806 Universidade Eduardo Mondlane. The South African Mining Industry and Mozambican Migrant Labour in the 1980s: An Analysis of Recent Trends in Employment Policy. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1987. 33 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Mining, Employment, Labor force, Technological development, Labor migration. KEYWORDS: RSA-Mozambique relations; gold. Examines factors that led to the decline of Mozambique as the main source of migrant labor in RSA mines. Argues that changing mine labor policy, legislative change, and technological developments resulted in a new type of labor force. SEE ALSO 11826.

Legal System

7807 Murray, Christina. "Mozambican refugees: South Africa's responsibility." South African Journal on Human Rights 2, no. 2 (July 1986): 154-163. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Law, Refugee migration, Citizenship status, International law. KEYWORDS: Principle of Non-Refoulment; repatriation; international law; RSA-Mozambique relations. Discusses the problem of refugees, their status under international law, and the responsibility of the RSA government toward them. Outlines the provisions of international agreements affecting the repatriation and care of refugees. 7808 Welch, Gita Hanwana, Francescan Dagnino, and Albie Sachs. "Transforming the foundation of family law in the course of the Mozambican revolution." Journal of Southern African Studies 12, no. 1 (October 1985): 60-74. other docs. SUBJECTS: Legal system, Women's studies, Traditional legal system, Revolutionary movement. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; family law.

Migration

7810 Campbell, Horace. "War, reconstruction and dependence in Mozambique." Third World Quarterly 6, no. 4 (October 1984): 839867. tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Warfare, National liberation movement, Guerrilla activity, Socialism, Economic dependency, Nationalism, Labor migration. KEYWORDS : MNR (Mozambican National Resistance); FPLM (Forças Populares para a Libertaçao do Moçambique); FRELIMO. 7811 Cheru, Fantu. "Politics of desperation: Mozambique and Nkomati." TransAfrica Forum 3, no. 3 (Spring 1986): 29-48. tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Political opposition, Terrorism, Insurgency, Military intervention. KEYWORDS: Nkomati Accord 1984; FRELIMO; MNR (Mozambican National Resistance); regional destabilization; Frontline states. Examines the RSA's destabilization policy in Mozambique and how it led to the Nkomati Accord. Suggests further lines of action to be taken by the frontline states to counter RSA influence in the region. 7812 Darch, Colin. "Are there warlords in provincial Mozambique? Questions of the social base of MNR banditry." Review of African Political Economy 45/46 (1989): 34-49. SUBJECTS: Civil war, Political theory, Military intervention. KEYWORDS: RENAMO (Resistencia Nacional Moçambicana); SADF; villagization. Examines the assertion that regions under RENAMO control should be seen as under warlords characterized by decentralized, militarized authority. Contends that this view is wrong because the power that allows RENAMO to operate is not its own but is centered outside the country—in the RSA. 7813 Geffray, Christian. La Cause des armes au Mozambique: anthropologie d'une guerre civile. Paris: Khartala, 1990. 256 pp. tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Civil war, Warfare, Anthropological analysis. KEYWORDS: RENAMO (Resistancia Nacional Moçambicana); FRELIMO. Draws on anthropological analysis to address the causes of the Mozambican civil war. Examines the role of the guerrilla faction RENAMO in this national plague. Addresses the impact of the civil war on national sovereignty and on the social and political fabric of the country. 7814 Geffray, Christian, and Mogens Pedersen. "Nampula en guerre.." Politique africaine no. 29 (March 1988): 28-40. SUBJECTS: Peasant society, Warfare, Civil war, Terrorism. KEYWORDS: RENAMO (Resistencia Nacional Moçambicana); FRELIMO; FPLM (Forças Populares para a Libertaçao do Moçambique); Nampula Province, Mozambique. Examines the effects of continuous war between RENAMO and FRELIMO on the Nampula Province in Mozambique. Addresses the effect of FRELIMO policy on Mozambique citizens, specifically the villagization policy. Argues that tensions have created a crisis between the peasantry, the state, and RENAMO. Í

7809 Brennan, Tom. Refugees from Mozambique: Shattered Land, Fragile Asylum. Washington, DC: US Committee for Refugees, 1986. 31 pp. biblio, maps. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa, Zimbabwe. SUBJECTS: Refugee migration. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; RENAMO (Resistencia Nacional Moçambicana); RSAMozambique relations; Swaziland-Mozambique relations; ZambiaMozambique relations.

7815 Green, Reginald Herbold. Killing the Dream: The Political Economy of War in Sub-Saharan Africa. Brighton, UK: Institute of Development Studies, 1987. 54 pp. ALSO COVERS: Zimbabwe, Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Warfare, Political analysis, Economic crisis,

538

• MOZ AMBI QUE/Military Affairs

Hunger, Military budget. Analyzes the impact of war on the people and economies of Southern Africa. Notes the high negative impact of military spending in the region. Uses Tanzania as a case study to represent a country with no significant warfare problems yet with significant financial commitments to its military force.

Mozambicana); FRELIMO. Argues that both the left and the right wings have done disservices to the people of Mozambique in projecting their revolutionary fantasies on the people of the region. Describes RENAMO as not just a puppet but also having complex linkages among indigenous societies, the RSA, and local and international hostility to FRELIMO policy.

7816 Henriksen, Thomas H. Revolution and Counterrevolution: Mozambique's War of Independence, 1964-1974. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood, 1983. 289 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Warfare, Revolutionary movement, Terrorism, Guerrilla activity, Military intervention. KEYWORDS: Aldeamento program; FRELIMO; Mozambique War of Independence 1964-1974.

SEE ALSO 2472, 3954, 3958, 6101, 12089, 12122, 12139, 13605.

7817 Perrot, Dominique. "L'Ombre portée de l'Afrique du Sud sur le Mozambique." Genève Afrique/Geneva Africa 27, no. 2 (1989): 71-76. maps. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Military intervention, Internal conflict. KEYWORDS: destabilization; MNR (Mozambican National Resistance). Examines RSA's destabilization policy using the MNR to weaken the FRELIMO regime in Mozambique, which allows the ANC to operate from within its borders. Claims that FRELIMO is in error for failing to open a debate on the risks and means at its disposal to support the ANC. 7818 Saul, John S. "Socialist transition and external intervention: Mozambique and South Africa's war." Labour, Capital and Society /Travail, capital et société 18, no. 1 (April 1985): 153-170. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Socialism, Military intervention, Guerrilla activity, Warfare. KEYWORDS: Nkomati Accord 1984; FRELIMO. 7819 Seeger, Annette. "Revolutionary armies of Africa: Mozambique and Zimbabwe." In: Military Power and Politics in Black Africa, edited by Simon Baynham. London: Croom Helm, 1986.129-165 pp. ALSO COVERS : Zimbabwe, Southern Africa. SUBJECTS : Guerrilla activity, Liberation movement, Historical analysis, Armed forces. KEYWORDS: ZAPU (Zimbabwe African People's Union); ZANU; FRELIMO; Zimbabwe National Army. Analyzes recent military developments in Mozambique and Zimbabwe and describes the important features of the military establishment in order to identify trends in military development. 7820 US Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. Mozambique and United States Policy: Hearing before the Subcommittee on African Affairs of the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundredth Congress, First Session. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1987. 215 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: National liberation movement, International relations, Civil war, Warfare. KEYWORDS: RENAMO (Resistencia Nacional Mofambicana); FRELIMO. Examines the Mozambican need for humanitarian aid after more than ten years of continuous internal warfare. Discusses potential changes in US policy toward Mozambique in light of the changes in FRELIMO policy toward the West.

Planning and Development

7823 Cardoso, Fernando Jorge. "Fermes d'état et développement rural." Politique africaine no. 29 (March 1988): 41-50. biblio. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Rural development, Modernization, Development planning, State intervention, Smallholder agriculture. KEYWORDS: traditional technology; Maragra, Mozambique; state farms; communal agriculture. Examines W. Arthur Lewis's paradigm on the division of economies, specifically the role that public firms play in the rural development sector. Suggests that the articulation of the state, enterprises, and the peasantry offers a new, fertile methodology for rural development strategies. 7824 Chandhoke, Neera. "Regional hegemonic and peripheral states: The case of Mozambique." In: Africa: Dimensions of the Economic Crisis, edited by Shanti Sadiq Ali and Anirudha Gupta. London: Oriental University Press, 1987. 182-99 pp. SUBJECTS: Hegemony, Underdevelopment, Socialism, Marxism-Leninism, Infrastructure, Regional security. KEYWORDS: regional destabilization; Machel, Samora; FRELIMO; MNR (Mozambicuan National Resistance); ANC. Discusses international/regional relations as a crucial component of national development. Relates this to Mozambique's attempts to build a socialist society and how planned development became hostage to the RSA government. Concludes that the liberation of RSA is the only event that will bring peace to Mozambique. 7825 Iwansson, Per. Messiaca, Planning and Land Use: A Study of a Small New Industrial Town in Moçambique. Lund, Sweden: School of Architecture, University of Lund, 1984. 229 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Land distribution, Land-use policy, Local planning policy, Local development, Housing policy, Demographic analysis. KEYWORDS: Messiaca, Mozambique. SEE ALSO 14073.

Politics

7821 Veenaskay, and Sahar Muakkasah. Terrorism and Political Destabilization. Bombay, India: Advance Research Enterprise, 1984. 156 pp. SUBJECTS : Terrorism, Political instability, Guerrilla activity, National security. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; Portugal-Mozambique relations; Mondlane, Eduardo; Machel, Samora; regional destabilization.

7826 Bady, Abamby Zentho. "Les Villages communautaires, bases du pouvoir populaire mozambicain." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 215/216 (1983): 18-31. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Liberation movement, Local government, State power, Decentralization, Socialist government. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO.

7822 Young, Tom. "The MNR/RENAMO : External and internal dynamics." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 89, no. 357 (October 1990): 491-509. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Guerrilla activity, Civil war, Internal conflict, Traditional society. KEYWORDS: RENAMO (Resistencia Nacional

7827 Cahen, Michel M. Mozambique: la révolution implosée; études sur 12 ans d'indépendance (1975-1987). Paris: L'Harmattan, 1987. 170 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: State government, Political independence, Social development policy, Marxism, Resistance movement. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; Machel, Samora; economic

MOZAMBIQUE/Politics

liberalization; RSA-Mozambique relations; Nkomati Accord 1984. Analyzes the nature of FRELIMO and the state government in Mozambique. Examines the reality of "popular power," the social and political causes of popular indifference and hostility toward official development projects, and the existence of the RSA-supported rebellion in Mozambique. 7828 Chabal, Patrick. "People's war, state formation and revolution in Africa: A comparative analysis of Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau and Angola." The Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics 21, no. 3 (November 1983): 104-125. ALSO COVERS: Guinea-Bissau, Angola. SUBJECTS: Government analysis, National liberation movement, Warfare, Socialism, Class analysis, State formation, Political control. KEYWORDS: PAIGC; FRELIMO; MPLA; Lusophone Africa. 7829 Chabal, Patrick. "People's war, state formation and revolution in Africa: A comparative analysis of Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and Angola." In: State and Class in Africa, edited by Nelson Kasfir. London: Frank Cass, 1984. 104-125 pp. ALSO COVERS: GuineaBissau, Angola. SUBJECTS: Government analysis, National liberation movement, Warfare, Socialism, Class analysis, State formation, Political control. K E Y W O R D S : M P L A ; Lusophone Africa; FRELIMO; PAIGC. 7830 Christie, Iain. Samora Machel, a Biography. Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey: Panaf, Zed, 1989.181 pp. SUBJECTS: Biography, Political history. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; Machel, Samora. Places the life of Samora Machel in its broader social and political contexts. Emphasizes Machel's own development and the critical role he played in the Mozambican revolution. 7831 F R E L I M O , C o m i t é C e n t r a l . Mozambique, du sousdéveloppement au socialisme: Rapport du Comité Central au IVe Congrès du Parti Frelimo (Maputo, 26-30 avril 1983). Paris: L'Harmattan, 1983. 198 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development policy, Social development policy, Socialist government, Political parties, Underdevelopment. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; Mozambique Fourth Congress 1983. 7832 Geffray, Christian. "Fragments d'un discours du pouvoir (1975-1985): du bon usage d'une méconnaissance scientifique." Politique africaine no. 29 (March 1988): 71-85. SUBJECTS: Academic research, Freedom of expression, Marxist analysis, Political ideology, Political power. KEYWORDS: University Eduardo Mondlane; African studies; FRELIMO. Examines the development of the African studies center at the University of Eduardo Mondlane in the early 1980s. Explores the history of the center and its goals. Maintains that the center played an important role in helping FRELIMO to put forth a political ideology. 7833 Howe, Herbert, and Marina Ottaway. "State power consolidation in Mozambique." In: Afro-Marxist Regimes: Ideology and Public Policy, edited by Edmond J. Keller and Donald Rothchild. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1987. 43-65 pp. SUBJECTS: MarxismLeninism, Political analysis, State power. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; Nkomati Accord 1984; Machel, Samora; RENAMO (Resistencia Nacional Moçambicana). Discusses the reasons for the strength of FRELIMO and its government. Stresses that the legitimacy of FRELIMO was aided by the lack of major ethnic cleavages in the country. Argues that the critical problem for Mozambique is its need for material resources in order to consolidate the state so it can face the RSA's RENAMO. 7834 Isaacman, Allen F. "Mozambique: Tugging at the chains of dependency." In: African Crisis Areas and U.S. Foreign Policy, edited by Gerald J. Bender, James S. Coleman, and Richard L. Sklar. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press,

• 539

1985. 129-157 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Dependency theory, Military intervention, Political analysis, Guerrilla activity. KEYWORDS: MNR (Mozambican National Resistance); FRELIMO; RSA-Mozambique relations. 7835 Kruks, Sonia. "From nationalism to Marxism: The ideological history of FRELIMO, 1962-1977." In: Studies in Power and Class in Africa, edited by Irving Leonard Markovitz. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1987. 237-256 pp. SUBJECTS: Nationalism, National liberation movement, Political parties, Democracy, Marxism. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; MNR (Mozambican National Resistance); Machel, Samora. Examines the history of FRELIMO's shift from a broad-based nationalist movement to a Marxist-Leninist vanguard party after independence. 7836 Munslow, Barry. "Mozambique and the death of Machel." Third World Quarterly 10, no. 1 (January 1988): 23-36. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Leadership analysis, Political succession, Civil war. KEYWORDS: Machel, S a m o r a ; S i m a n g o , Uria; R E N A M O (Resistencia N a c i o n a l Mofambicana); Chissano, Alberto; FRELIMO. Examines the circumstances behind the death of President Samora Machel and suggests RSA involvement. Concludes that external support for Mozambique and for a peaceful and effective transfer of political power has prevented the RSA from forcing Mozambique to capitulate. Explores political succession. 7837 Saul, John S. "Introduction." In: A Difficult Road: The Transition to Socialism in Mozambique, edited by John S. Saul. New York: Monthly Review, 1985.9-31 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Socialism, Economic development, MarxismLeninism, Class struggle. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO. 7838 Saul, John S. 'The content: A transition to socialism?" In: A Difficult Road: The Transition to Socialism in Mozambique, edited by John S. Saul. New York: Monthly Review, 1985. 75-151 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Socialism, Economic policy, Economic planning, Marxism. KEYWORDS: Grupos Dinamizadores; FRELIMO; Production Councils; MNR (Mozambican National Resistance); SADCC. 7839 Saul, John S. "The politics of Mozambican socialism." In: Southern Africa: Society, Economy and Liberation, edited by David Wiley and Allen F. Isaacman. East Lansing, Michigan: African Studies Center, Michigan State University, 1981. 145-168 pp. SUBJECTS: Socialism, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; Mozambique Third Congress 1977. 7840 Serapaio, Luis Benjamin. "Mozambican foreign policy and the West 1975-1984." Munger Africana Library Notes 76 (August 1985): 1-14. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, National liberation movement, Marxism-Leninism, Race relations, Political independence. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; Machel, Samora. 7841 Serapiao, Luis B. "FRELIMO's socialism in the 1980's." African Studies Association Papers 28, no. 114 (November 1985): 1-14. SUBJECTS: Socialism, Marxism-Leninism, Nationalization, Agricultural production, Land tenure system, Nonaligned nation, Religion. KEYWORDS: RENAMO (Resistencia Nacional Mogambicana). 7842 Serapiao, Luis Benjamin. "Mozambican foreign policy and the West, 1975-1984." African Studies Association Papers 27, no. 96 (October 1984): 1-14. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, National liberation movement, Marxism-Leninism, Political independence, Race relations.

540 • MOZAMBIQUE/Politics KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; Machel, Samora. SEE ALSO 2802, 2984, 3026, 3028, 3964, 3967, 3968, 5581, 5583, 6137, 12199,12228,12231,12305, 14497,14515,16356.

Mission to Mozambique, 23 April-6 May 1984. Rome, Italy: FAO, 1985. 87 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic policy, Rural development, Women's economic role, Rural planning policy. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; WCARRD (World Conference on Agrarian Reform and Rural Development); WCARRD Programme of Action. SEE ALSO 3343.

Population

7843 Da Costa Carvalho, Carlos A., and Marcelo Ferreira Da Silva. "Mozambique." In: L'Evaluation des effectifs de la population des pays africains, vol. 7, edited by Groupe Démographie Africain. Paris: Groupe Démographie Africain, 1982. 175-182 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis. KEYWORDS: census.

Race Relations

SEE ALSO 13643.

Regionalism/Nationalism

7844 Cahen, Michel. "Le Mozambique: une nation africaine de langue officielle portugaise?" Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 24, no. 3 (1990): 315-347. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Language policy, National identity, Ethnic politics, Nationalism. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO. Studies Portuguese as the official language of unity and national liberation in Mozambique, even though very few Mozambicans actually speak the former, colonial language. Claims that this policy is part of an effort to foster a European-style nation-state by using projects of development and social reconstruction to eliminate peasants from the local mode of production. SEE ALSO 8072,13658.

Social Movement

7848 Cahen, Michael. "Le Portugal et l'Afrique: le cas des relations luso-mozambicaines (1965-1985), étude politique et bibliographique." Afrique contemporaine 137 (January/March 1986): 3-55. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Independence movement, Liberation movement, International relations, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: Portugal-Africa relations. Presents thirty years of the preindependence and postcolonial history of Mozambique based on economic, political, and cultural links between Portugal and Mozambique. Discusses the reasons for a possible relationship between France and Mozambique. 7849 Isaacman, Allen, and Barbara Isaacman. Mozambique: From Colonialism to Revolution, 1900-1982. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1983. 235 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Political opposition, Independence movement, Economic development, International relations, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; Portugal-Mozambique relations. 7850 Minter,William."'CentrosDifusoresDaLinha' intheMozambican revolution, 1969-75." In: Southern Africa: Society, Economy and Liberation, edited by David Wiley and Allen F. Isaacman. East Lansing, Michigan: African Studies Center, Michigan State University, 1981. 129-144 pp. SUBJECTS: National liberation movement, Revolutionary movement. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO. 7851 Munslow, Bariy. Mozambique: The Revolution and Its Origins. London: Longman, 1983. 195 pp. biblio, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Revolutionary movement, National liberation movement. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; Machel, Samora; Grupos Dinamizadores; Chissano, Alberto. SEE ALSO 3972.

Rural Development Urban Development 7845 De Araujo, Manuel G. M. "Communal villages and the distribution of the rural population in the People's Republic of Mozambique." In: Population and Development Projects in Africa, edited by John I. Clarke, Mustafa Khogali, and Leszek A. Kosinski. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1985. 153-162 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Population distribution, Village development, Resettlement, Rural population. KEYWORDS: Communal villages. 7846 Kruks, Sonia, and Ben Wisher. "State, the party and the female peasantry in Mozambique." Journal of Southern African Studies 11, no. 1 (October 1984): 106-124. SUBJECTS: Peasant society, W o m e n ' s studies, Rural d e v e l o p m e n t , Political parties. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; OMM (Organiza?ao das Mulheres Mofambicanas). 7847 WCARRD. Report of the WCARRD Follow-Up Inter-Agency

7852 Pinsky, Barry. "Territorial dilemmas: Changing urban life." In: A Difficult Road: The Transition to Socialism in Mozambique, edited by John S. Saul. New York: Monthly Review, 1985. 279-315 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Urban planning policy, Urbanization, Nationalization, Rural-urban migration. KEYWORDS: Grupos Dinamizadores; FRELIMO; Mozambique Third Congress 1977; DNH (National Housing Directorate); CEC (City Executive Council). 7853 Pinsky, Barry. The Urban Problematic in Mozambique: Initial Post-Independence Responses, 1975-80. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto, 1982. 50 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Urban politics, Housing policy, Urbanization, Local development. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; Grupos Dinamizadores.

NAMIBIA/Agriculture

Women and Gender

7854 Arnfred, Signe. "Women in Mozambique: Gender struggle and gender politics." Review of African Political Economy 41 (September 1988): 5-16. SUBJECTS: Women's political role, Agricultural production, Division of labor, Women's rights, Gender relations. KEYWORDS: matrilineal system; OMM (Organizado das Mulheres Mogambicanas); FRELIMO; UGC (General Union of Cooperatives). Discusses the political and economic roles of women and men both before and after the struggle for independence. Draws on interviews with women to determine that during the war they existed on an equal footing with men but that after the war they felt they had been abandoned by FRELIMO and the OMM. 7855 Casimiro, I., I. Chicalia, and A. Pessoa. "The legal situation of women in Mozambique." In: The Legal Situation of Women in Southern Africa, edited by Julie Stewart and Alice Armstrong. Harare, Zimbabwe: University of Zimbabwe, 1990. 75-96 pp. SUBJECTS: Legal system, Women's studies, Women's rights. Analyzes the position and status of Mozambican women under the current laws of the country. Relates women's role in society and how the law colludes to keep women in an oppressed position. 7856 Davison, Jean. "Gender relations of production in collective farming in Mozambique." African Studies Association Papers 29, no. 24 (October/November 1986): 1-28. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Gender relations, Women's economic role, Land distribution, Subsistence farming, Division of labor, Agricultural cooperatives. KEYWORDS: MONAPA Development Project; OMM (Organizado das Mulheres Mogambicanas); Machel, Samora; Seventh-of-April Cooperative. Examines women's inclusion and participation in Mozambican state-run farm production. Argues that land redistribution is a catalyst that restructures gender relations because government projects have allowed women greater access to land. Concludes that in actual decision-making arenas women have little power. 7857 Hill, Sylvia. "Lessons from the Mozambican women's struggle." TransAfrica Forum 2, no. 1 (Summer 1983): 77-90. SUBJECTS: Class analysis, Women's studies, National liberation movement, W o m e n ' s political role, Armed conflict, Social change. KEYWORDS: women soldiers. 7858 Isaacman, Barbara, and June Stephen. Mozambique: Women, the Law and Agrarian Reform. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: ECA, 1980. 148 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Women's political role, Agrarian reform, Women's economic role, Family planning, Law. KEYWORDS: family law; OMM (Organization of Mozambican Women); FRELIMO; RENAMO (Resistencia Nacional Mogambicana); MNR (Mozambiquan National Resistance). 7859 Sheldon, Kathleen E. To Guarantee the Implementation of Women's Emancipation as Defined by the FRELIMO Party: The

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541

Women's Organization in Mozambique. East Lansing, Michigan: Women in International Development, Michigan State University, 1990. 11 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Women's political role, Women's rights, Cooperatives. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; OMM (Organiza?ao das Mulheres Mogambicanas). Discusses the history, policies, and activities of Mozambique's revolutionary women's wing—OMM. Uses this model to shed light on the possibilities for women's organizing and the problems encountered. Concludes that the OMM is an example of women's empowerment. 7860 Urdang, Stephanie. And Still They Dance: Women, War, and the Strugglefor Change in Mozambique. New York: Monthly Review, 1989. 256 pp. SUBJECTS: Women's political role, Warfare, Rural planning policy, Women and development, Marriage. KEYWORDS: p o l y g a m y ; bride price; O M M ( O r g a n i z a f a o das Mulheres Mo§ambicanas). Reviews Mozambican women's organizing efforts to fight against dependency and for development. Explores the goals of equality, development, and peace in the context of famine and war. Addresses women's impact on state policy, their cooperative and communal work, their role in the family, and gender struggle. 7861 Urdang, Stephanie. Rural Transformation and Peasant Women in Mozambique. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1986. 117 pp. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Sex discrimination, Traditional society, Women and development, Agricultural production, Water supply, Technological development. KEYWORDS: OMM (Organizafao das Mulheres Mo§ambicanas); FRELIMO; MNR (Mozambiquan National Resistance). Analyzes the impact of FRELIMO's agricultural policies on rural women. Concludes that though the government has adopted a uniquely progressive stand on the role and position of women, there remains a gap between government ideology and the existing oppressive customs and attitudes. Discusses the failure to transform agricultural production. 7862 Urdang, Stephanie. "The last transition? Women and development." In: A Difficult Road: The Transition to Socialism in Mozambique, edited by John S. Saul. New York: Monthly Review, 1985. 347-388 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Women and development, National liberation movement, Division of labor, Women's political role, Agricultural production, Agricultural cooperatives, Literacy. KEYWORDS: OMM (Organizagao das Mulheres Mogambicanas); Machel, Samora; FRELIMO; People's Assembly; Mozambique Third Congress 1977. 7863 Urdang, Stephanie. "The last transition? Women and development in Mozambique." Review of African Political Economy 27/28 (February 1984): 8-32. tables. SUBJECTS: Women and development, Literacy, Division of labor, National liberation movement, Agricultural production, Agricultural cooperatives, Women's political role. KEYWORDS: FRELIMO; OMM (Organiza?ao das Mulheres Mojambicanas); Machel, Samora; Mozambique Third Congress 1977.

NAMIBIA Agriculture

7864 Gottschalk, Keith. "South Africa in Namibia, 1915-1980s." In: Perspectives on Namibia: Past and Present, edited by Christopher

Saunders. Cape Town, RSA: Centre for African Studies, University of Cape Town, 1983. 69-82 pp. maps. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Mining, Pastoralism, Land distribution, Independence movement. KEYWORDS: Treaty of Peace and South West Africa Mandate 1919; DTA (Democratic Turnhalle Alliance); Namibia Native Affairs Department; Namibia-RSA relations.

5 4 2 • NAM IB I A/Agri c u l t u r e 7865 Moorsam, Richard. Transforming a Wasted Land. London: Catholic Institute for International Relations, 1982. 114 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Agricultural labor, Agricultural development, Land-use policy, Land distribution, Agricultural sector. KEYWORDS: ranching; settler policy; SWAPO; labor control. 7866 Schmoekel, Wolf. "Myth of the white farmer: Commercial agriculture in Namibia, 1900-1983." African Studies Association Papers 26, no. 120 (December 1983): 1-23. SUBJECTS: Livestock production, Agricultural policy, Commercial agriculture, Historical analysis, Land distribution, Subsistence economy. KEYWORDS: climate; Natives (Urban Areas) Act 1923. 7867 Schmokel, Wolfe W. "The myth of the white farmer: Commercial agriculture in Namibia 1900-1983." The International Journal of African Historical Studies 18, no. 1 (1985): 93-108. SUBJECTS: Agricultural policy, Historical analysis, Land distribution, Commercial agriculture, Livestock production, Subsistence economy. KEYWORDS: Natives (Urban Areas) Act 1923; climate. 7868 UN Institute for Namibia, ed. Agricultural Economy of Namibia: Strategies for Structural Change. Lusaka, Zambia: UN Institute for Namibia, 1984. 77 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Livestock production, Nutrition, Agricultural production, Food production, Fishing industry.

Class

7869 Mbuende, Kaire. "Church and class struggle in Namibia." In: Church and Liberation in Namibia, edited by Peter Katjavivi, Per Frostin, and Kaire Mbuende. London: Pluto, 1989. 27-47 pp. SUBJECTS: Class struggle, Colonialism, Christianity, Liberation movement, Class analysis. KEYWORDS: missionaries; SWAPO. Describes the historical role of the Christian church in Namibian society from the time of missionary colonialism to liberation. Suggests that the resulting petit bourgeois reformist church will be replaced by a proletarian church unhampered by neocolonial Christianity.

Colonialism

7870 CHR. Namibia in the 1980s. 2nd ed. London: Catholic Institute for International Relations, 1986. 83 pp. maps, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Ideologies, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; DTA (Democratic Turnhalle Alliance); UN Security Council Resolution 435, 1978. Discusses the illegal occupation of Namibia by the RS A, which has resulted in exploitation, state violence, human rights abuses, economic deformities, and regional destabilization. Concludes that the international community has a responsibility to end the occupation and the tragedy by facilitating the implementation of UN Security Council Resolution 435.

Change. Johannesburg, RSA: Jonathan Ball, 1986. 531 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Political development, Political history, Decolonization, Diplomatic relations. KEYWORDS: GermanyNamibia relations; VNSWP (Verenigde Nasionale Suidwes Party); RSA-Namibia relations; SWAPO; SWANU (South West Africa National Union). Analyzes Namibia's political development: Angolan-RSA relations, the Tumhalle Constitutional Conference of 1975-1976, the elections of December 1978, and diplomatic efforts by the West. Focuses specifically on RSA attempts to annex Namibia, RS A's policy of ethnic fragmentation, and RSA's relation to the UN. 7873 Godon, David F. "Conflict resolution in Southern Africa: Why Namibia is not another Zimbabwe." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 12, no. 3/4 (Fall/Winter 1982): 37-45. ALSO COVERS: Zimbabwe, Angola. SUBJECTS: Imperialism, Independence movement, National liberation movement, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; ZANU; MPLA; UNITA; Cuba-Southern Africa relations. 7874 Gutto, Shadrack B.O. "The United Nations, the South African colonial regime of a special type and the struggle for Namibia's independence." In: Namibia: The Conspiracy of Silence, edited by Chakanyuka Karase and Shadrack Gutto. Harare, Zimbabwe: Nehanda, 1989. 23-34 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Independence movement, Self-determination, Colonialism, Imperialism. KEYWORDS: UN; SWAPO. Discusses the struggles between the legal position of the UN and the practices of RSA and the West on the question of Namibia's independence. Touches on the prospects for independence under the leadership of SWAPO. 7875 Karase, Chakanyuka, and Shadrack Gutto, eds. Namibia: The Conspiracy ofSilence. Harare, Zimbabwe: Nehanda, 1989.130pp.biblio. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Decolonization, Independence movement, Liberation movement, International relations, Colonialism, Nonaligned nation. KEYWORDS: RSA-Namibia relations; SWAPO; Western alliance system; Frontline states. Explores the role of the UN and the international community in the Namibian struggle for independence. Focuses on the nonaligned movement impact on the Namibian question. Suggests that Western investments act as an impediment to Namibia's independence. 7876 Sanders, Deborah A. "Problems and prospects for the national liberation movement: The dilemma of SWAPO in Namibia." African Studies Association Papers 25, no. 97 (November 1982): 1-44. tables. SUBJECTS: Imperialism, Marxism-Leninism, Underdevelopment, Self-determination, Neocolonialism, Diplomatic relations. KEYWORDS: SWAPO.

Economics

7871 du Pisani, André. "Namibia: The political economy of transition." South Africa International 15, no. 3 (January 1985): 150-156. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Colonialism, Decolonization, Liberation movement. KEYWORDS: CDM (Consolidated Diamond Mines); SWAPO.

7877 Allison, Caroline, and Reginald H. Green. Political Economy and Structural Change: Namibia at Independence. Sussex, UK: Institute of Development Studies, 1986. 33 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Labor force, Economic crisis. KEYWORDS: SWAPO. Argues that the transition period in Namibia will produce a shortage of most resources, a surplus of unskilled labor, a fiscal crisis, the difficult task of restructuring administration and public services, the possible exodus of skilled professionals, and the continuing structural dependency on the RSA economy.

7872 du Pisani, André. SWA/Namibia: The Politics of Continuity and

7878 Asante, S. K. B., and W. W. Asombang. "An independent

NAMIBIA/Education Namibia? The future facing S WAPO." Third World Quarterly 11, no. 3 (July 1989): 1-19. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Political analysis, Economic dependency. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; UN Security Council Resolution 435 1978. Examines the UN Security Council's resolution regarding Namibia and predicts its implications for the future. Reviews the challenges facing the Namibian government.

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Examines Namibia's options for the allocation of foreign exchange and the determination of the exchange rate. Recommends that any administrative system be set up outside both the RSA and the rand monetary areas.

7879 Aulakh, Harbans S., and Wilfred W. Asombang. Economic Development Strategies for Independent Namibia. Lusaka, Zambia: UN Institute for Namibia, 1985. 158 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Natural resource management, Development planning, Economic development, Rural development, Liberation movement, Poverty, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: SWAPO.

7886 Roberts, Alun R. "British economic involvement in South African-occupied Namibia: 1845-1986." In: Allies in Apartheid: Western Capitalism in Occupied Namibia, edited by Allan D. Cooper. London: Macmillan, 1988. 156-174 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, Economic policy, Banking policy. KEYWORDS: SWACO (South West Africa Company); UK-Namibia relations; Standard Bank of South Africa. Examines British economic policy toward preindependence Namibia. Explores the role of banking, petroleum, and mining in the British economic scheme.

7880 Green, Reginald H. From Sudwestafrika to Namibia: The Political Economy of Transition. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1981. 51 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Centrally planned economy, Socialist economy, Socialist government. KEYWORDS: SWAPO.

7887 Simon, David. Contemporary Namibia: The Political Geography of Decolonization. Oxford, UK: University of Oxford, 1983.37 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa, Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Political analysis, Economic dependency, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; RSA-Namibia relations; Southern Africa-Namibia relations.

7881 Green, Reginald Herbold. "One Namibia, one nation: The political economy of transition." In: Changing Realities in Southern Africa: Implications for American Policy, edited by Michael Clough. Berkeley, California: Institute of International Studies, University of California, 1982. 92-122 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic analysis, Liberation movement, Political economy studies. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; SADCC; RSA-Namibia relations.

7888 Simon, David, and Richard Moorsom. "Namibia's political economy: A contemporary perspective." In: Namibia in Perspective, edited by Gerhard Tötemeyer, Vezera Kandetu, and Wolfgang Werner. Windhoek, Namibia: Council of Churches in Namibia, 1987. 82-101 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa, Angola. SUBJECTS: Neocolonialism, Political economy studies, Marxist analysis, Economic relations. KEYWORDS: UNITA; Walvis Bay; RSA-Namibia relations; economic independence. Examines the forces behind the exploitive structures in Namibia and the RSA's insistence on maintaining control there. Suggests that the RSA threatens neocolonialism through its control of Walvis Bay and the Mozambican border. Concludes that Namibia's economy needs a complete restructuring in order to bring about true independence—free of RSA control.

7882 Kaakunga, Elia Mbahahiza. Problems of Capitalist Development in Namibia: The Dialectics of Progress and Destruction. Abo, Finland: Abo Academy Press, 1990. 239 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania, Mozambique. SUBJECTS: Capitalist development, Marxist analysis, Capital accumulation, Imperialism. KEYWORDS: SWAPO. Analyzes the possibility of economic development and a transition to socialism in Namibia. Synthesizes the classical Marxist and dependency views for a new approach to development that encompasses the dialectics of both progress and destruction. Addresses Angola, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and Tanzania as well. 7883 Moorsom, Richard. Exploiting the Sea. London: Catholic Institute for International Relations, 1984. 123 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Resistance movement, Economic development, Fishing industry, Political economy studies, Natural resource management, Labor migration. KEYWORDS: fishing industry; ICSEAF (International Commission for Southeastern Atlantic Fisheries). 7884 Mwase, Ngila. "Reflections on a foreign exchange management and allocation system for independent Namibia." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 12, no. 3 (1987): 71-87. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Banking policy, Monetary exchange, Monetary policy. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; rand monetary area; SACU (Southern African Customs Union). Analyzes the foreign exchange policy of an independent Namibia. Asserts that Namibia must break off economically from the RSA. Concludes that independent Namibia may have to adhere to the structural adjustment policies dictated by the IMF. 7885 Mwase, Ngila R. L. "Reflections on a foreign exchange management and allocation system for independent Namibia." Savings and Development 13 (1989): 53-68. tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign exchange, Management, Monetary policy. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; exchange rate.

SEE ALSO 4053.

Education

7889 Chamberlain, R. C„ A. Diallo, and E. J. John. Toward a Language Policy for Namibia: English as the Official Language, Perspectives and Strategies. Lusaka, Zambia: UN Institute for Namibia, 1981. 123 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Education policy, Development p l a n n i n g , L a n g u a g e policy, Liberation m o v e m e n t . KEYWORDS: SWAPO; teacher training. 7890 Cluver, August D. de V. "Namibia's new language policy." Africa Insight 20, no. 3 (1990): 161-168. SUBJECTS: Language policy, Education system. KEYWORDS: Afrikaans language. Discusses why Namibia chose English over Afrikaans as its official language. Discusses both possible problems with that choice and the position Afrikaans will have as an unofficial language. 7891 de Grandsaignè, Jean. "L'Education en Namibie: réalités et perspectives." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 249/250 (1986): 154-167. SUBJECTS: Education system, Education policy. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; UN. Analyzes connections between education in Nambia and that country's political evolution. Focuses on problems associated with Namibia's former policy of racial segregation. Calls attention to

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related issues such as racial imbalance and the choice of national language. 7892 Diescho, Joseph B. "Education as an agent of political socialization in Namibia." In: Namibia in Perspective, edited by Gerhard Totemeyer, Vezera Kandetu, and Wolfgang Werner. Windhoek, Namibia: Council of Churches in Namibia, 1987.151-163 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Formal education, Education policy, Apartheid, Nation-building. KEYWORDS: civic education; political socialization; SWAPO. Describes the scope and range of education development needed to move Namibia into the status of an integrated nation and out of that of an ethnically divided country. Addresses the use of education as a tool for political socialization. 7893 Ellis, Justin. Education, Repression and Liberation: Namibia. London: Catholic Institute for International Relations, 1984. 94 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Botswana, Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Education system, Sociological analysis, Education policy. KEYWORDS: SWAPO. 7894 Mbamba, A. Mauno. Primary Education for an Independent Namibia: Planning in a Situation of Uncertainty and Instability. Stockholm, Sweden: Almqvist and Wiksell International, 1982. 244 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Apartheid, Primary education, Development planning, Education reform. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; Odendaal Commission 1962; Bantu Education Act 1953. 7895 Melber, Henning. "Educational reform—unto what end?" In: Namibia in Perspective, edited by Gerhard Totemeyer, Vezera Kandetu, and Wolfgang Werner. Windhoek, Namibia: Council of Churches in Namibia, 1987.128-142 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Education policy, Education reform, Neocolonialism. KEYWORDS: ACHSR (Advisory Committee for Human Sciences Research). Discusses the intent of the interim government in Namibia in instituting and insisting on various educational reforms. Places these reforms in a neocolonial context, suggesting that they are meant to educate and train a group of skilled workers and intellectuals who will constitute a Namibian middle class. 7896 Melber, Henning. "New tendencies of an old system: Neocolonial adjustments within Namibia's system of formal education." In: Namibia, 1884-1984: Readings on Namibia's History and Society, edited by Brian Wood. London: Namibia Support Committee in cooperation with the UN Institute for Namibia, 1988. 407-424 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Formal education, Education policy, Neocolonialism, Education reform. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; CDM (Consolidated Diamond Mines); Concordia College, Namibia; IMLT (Institute for Management and Leadership Training). Analyzes educational reforms within Namibia, identifying them as neocolonial and set out to diffuse radical change, specifically SWAPO's own education program. Traces the multinational support of various educational institutions, connecting them with Western powers and Namibian White settlers. 7897 Ndilula, Nghidi. "Namibian education and culture." In: Namibia, 1884-1984: Readings on Namibia's History and Society, edited by Brian Wood. London: Namibia Support Committee in cooperation with the UN Institute for Namibia, 1988. 383-401 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Imperialism, Education reform, Education policy, Transnational corporations. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; Bantu education; missionaries. Relates the missionary imposition of education and colonialism to the cultural resistance of the people and SWAPO's program of education for the nation. Shows that people have organized and created

in order to teach their own history and culture and that colonialism has not been able to suppress such education.

Environment

7898 Turpin, Barbara. "Cross-cultural attitudes toward the use of reclaimed water in SWA-Namibia." Munger Africana Library Notes 72 (August 1985): 5-12. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Natural resource management, Water supply, Drought. KEYWORDS: water conservation.

Foreign Relations

7899 No Author. "Namibia Seminar Documents." Africa Today 30, no. 1/2 (1983): 60-63. SUBJECTS: International relations, International economic relations, International finance, Transnational corporations. KEYWORDS: UN. 7900 Berat, Lynn. Walvis Bay: Decolonization and International Law. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1990. 219 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, International relations, Colonialism, International law. KEYWORDS: League of Nations Mandate Territory; Walvis Bay. Outlines the history of Namibia from the nineteenth-century to the present. Focuses on the status of Namibia since its establishment as a League of Nations Mandate Territory in the 1920s and the sixty-year struggle for Namibian independence from RS A rule. 7901 Cooper, Allan D., ed. Allies in Apartheid: Western Capitalism in Occupied Namibia. London: Macmillan, 1988. 203 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Apartheid, Capitalism, Transnational corporations, International law, Independence movement, International relations, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; DTA (Democratic Turnhalle Alliance). Examines the relationship of various countries to Namibia during its quest for independence. Concentrates on the following: Canada, France, Japan, the Netherlands, Scandinavia, the UK, the US, and West Germany. 7902 Cooper, Allan D. "The United States and Namibia: A failure of leadership." In: Allies in Apartheid: Western Capitalism in Occupied Namibia, edited by Allan D. Cooper. London: Macmillan, 1988. 175-192 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic relations, Foreign policy, Trade relations, Foreign investment. KEYWORDS: antiapartheid movement; SWAPO; US-Namibia relations; Tsumeb Corporation. Provides a historical analysis of US relations with Namibia with emphasis on the economic underpinnings prompting that relationship. Outlines the effects of the US antiapartheid movement on US relations with Namibia. 7903 Cooper, Allan D. U.S. Economic Power and Political Influence in Namibia, 1700-1982. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1982. 222 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: International economic relations, Foreign policy, International law, Foreign investment, Transnational corporations, Elite analysis, Commercial sector. KEYWORDS: US-Namibia relations; US political influence. 7904 du Pisani, André. "SWA/Namibia update: 1981 to April 1984." Africa Insight 14, no. 3 (1984): 176-190. tables. ALSO COVERS:

NAMIBI A/Foreign Relations • 5 4 5 Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, International cooperation, International politics, Military intervention, Independence movement. KEYWORDS: US-Namibia relations; SWAPO; constructive engagement; Cuba-Namibia relations. 7905 Hackland, Brian, Anne Murray-Hudson, and Brian Wood. "Behind the diplomacy: Namibia, 1983-5." Third World Quarterly 8, no. 1 (January 1986): 51-77. SUBJECTS: International relations. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; Contact Group. Reviews political events and related attempts at Namibian independence in the 1980s. Focuses on the RS A's ongoing attempts to control events through, for example, manipulation of party politics, so as to guarantee its dominance even in the event of independence. 7906 Hovey, Gail. Namibia's Stolen Wealth: North American Investment and South African Occupation. New York: AFRICA Fund, 1982. 52 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Apartheid, International relations, Foreign investment, Labor force. KEYWORDS: US-Namibia relations; RSANamibia relations. 7907 Hurlich, Susan. "Canadian transnational corporations in Namibia: An economic and political overview." In: Allies in Apartheid: Western Capitalism in Occupied Namibia, edited by Allan D. Cooper. London: Macmillan, 1988. 39-78 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS : Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS : Transnational corporations, Investment policy, Mining, Foreign policy, Foreign aid, Apartheid. KEYWORDS: Hudson's Bay Company; karakul; insurance industry; Canada-Namibia relations. Outlines Canada's record of investment through transnational corporations in Namibia. Examines Canadian involvement in the karakul industry of Namibia. 7908 International Seminar on the Role of TNCs. "A message to the people of the United States." Africa Today 30, no. 1/2 (1983): 64-68. ALSO COVERS: Angola. SUBJECTS: International relations, International economic relations, Transnational corporations, Mining. KEYWORDS: UN; Western Contact Group; Tripoli Declaration. 7909 Karns, Margaret P. "Ad hoc multilateral diplomacy: The United States, the Contact Group, and Namibia." International Organization 41, no. 1 (1987): 93-124. SUBJECTS: International relations, Diplomatic relations. KEYWORDS: Contact Group. Discusses the history of the Contact Group, an ad hoc multilateral effort to negotiate an internationally acceptable plan for the independence of Namibia. 7910 Khennas, Smail. "L'Exploitation des ressources uranifères namibiennes et la politique nucléaire de l'Afrique du Sud." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 11, no. 1 (1986): 83-96. tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Nuclear energy, Imperialism, Transnational corporations, Foreign investment. KEYWORDS: uranium. Asserts that the RSA, in its attempt to perpetuate its military and economic domination of the region, has plundered the uranium resources of Namibia. Explores the role that Western transnational corporations play in this process. 7911 König, Barbara, and Namibia Support Committee. "South Africa's propaganda efforts in Britain." In: Namibia, 1884-1984: Readings on Namibia's History and Society, edited by Brian Wood. London: Namibia Support Committee in cooperation with the UN Institute for Namibia, 1988. 727-732 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Trade union, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: disinformation; NIS (Namibia Information Service); DTA (Democratic Turnhalle Alliance); SWAPO; NUNW (National Union of Namibian Workers). Reports on the propaganda efforts of the RSA to gain Western

approval for its illegal actions in Namibia. Traces the establishment of information offices throughout Western nations and their disinformation activities. 7912 Marchand, Jacques. "Namibia and the government of France." Africa Today 30, no. 1/2 (1983): 45-50. SUBJECTS: International relations, International economic relations, Diplomatic relations, Arms industry, Economic sanctions. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; Contact Group; Chamber of Commerce, Paris; France-Namibia relations. 7913 Melber, Henning, and Gottfried Wellmer. "West German relations with Namibia." In: Allies in Apartheid: Western Capitalism in Occupied Namibia, edited by Allan D. Cooper. London: Macmillan, 1988. 91-113 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, Foreign aid policy, Economic relations. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; CDU (Christian Democratic Union); CSU (Christian Social Union); DTA (Democratic Turnhalle Alliance); West Germany-Namibia relations. Draws attention to the policies of West Germany that supported the preindependence government of Namibia. Explores German commercial involvement. 7914 Minter, William. "With all deliberate delay: National Security Action Memorandum 295 and United States policy towards South West Africa." The African Studies Review 27, no. 3 (September 1984): 93-110. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic relations, Geopolitics. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; National Security Agency Memorandum 295; Odendaal Plan; International Court of Justice; US-Namibia relations. 7915 Rotberg, Robert I. "Namibia and the crisis of constructive engagement." In: African Crisis Areas and U.S. Foreign Policy, edited by Gerald J. Bender, James S. Coleman, and Richard L. Sklar. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, 1985. 95-109 pp. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, International relations, Independence movement. KEYWORDS: ANC; SWAPO; UNITA; constructive engagement. 7916 Rotberg, Robert I., ed. Namibia: Political and Economic Prospects. Lexington, Massachusetts: Lexington, 1983. 133 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Political analysis, Socioeconomic analysis, Demographic analysis, Infrastructure, International economic relations. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; RSA-Namibia relations; SADCC; Walvis Bay; UN. 7917 Sano, Hans Otto, J. Koponen, A. Tostensen, and R. Stanbridge, eds. Namibia and the Nordic Countries. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1981. 44 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Foreign aid, Economic relations, Diplomatic relations. KEYWORDS: DenmarkNamibia relations; Finland-Namibia relations; Norway-Namibia relations; Sweden-Namibia relations; SWAPO. 7918 Seiler, John. "South Africa in Namibia: Persistence, misperception, and ultimate failure." The Journal of Modern African Studies 20, no. 4 (December 1982): 687-712. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, International conflict, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; RSA-Namibia relations; Turnhalle Constitutional Conference 1975-1976; National Party; SADF. 7919 Seiler, John. "South Africa in Namibia: Persistence, misperception, and ultimate failure." In: South Africa in Southern Africa: The Intensifying Vortex of Violence, edited by Thomas M. Callaghy. New York: Praeger, 1983.165-189 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; SADF; Turnhalle Constitutional Conference 1975-1976; RSA-Namibia relations; National Party.

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7920 UN Commissioner for Namibia. Reference Book on Major Transnational Corporations Operating in Namibia. New York: UN, 1985. 201 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Transnational corporations, Mining, Banking, Foreign investment. KEYWORDS: diamonds. 7921 UN Council for Namibia. Activities of Foreign Economic Interests Operating in Namibia: Report, Dated 9 June 1986, of Standing Committee II of the United Nations Council for Namibia. New York: UN, 1987. 34 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Mining, Banking, Transnational corporations, Natural resource management, International law, Labor force, Foreign investment. KEYWORDS: uranium; Rössing Uranium; GMFC (General Mining and Finance Corporation). Documents foreign investment and ownership in Namibia. Details both RSA and Western corporations acting in the Namibian economy. Highlights the uranium and other mining resources available. 7922 Vigne, Randolph. "Namibia file." Third World Quarterly 5, no. 2 (April 1983): 345-360. tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Geopolitics, Political history. KEYWORDS: France-Southern African relations; UN Security Council; US-RSA relations; UKAfrica relations. 7923 Wood, Brian, and Julia Hoyte. "Obstacles to Namibia's independence: British military and economic collaboration with racist South Africa." In: Namibia: The Conspiracy of Silence, edited by Chakanyuka Karase and Shadrack Gutto. Harare, Zimbabwe: Nehanda, 1989. 85-101 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Independence movement, Foreign investment, Military aid, Economic cooperation, Sanctions. KEYWORDS: UK-RSA relations; UK-Namibia relations; SWAPO. Examines the role of the UK in hampering the movement for independence in Namibia. Focuses on British economic and military cooperation with the apartheid regime in Namibia. Touches on efforts to mobilize support for sanctions. SEE ALSO 1116, 1244, 1411, 3918, 10778, 10783, 10784, 10807, 10821, 10823, 10858, 10861, 10865, 10894, 10948, 10955, 10969, 10971, 10972, 10973, 10974, 13407, 13416, 13426, 13431, 13432, 13439, 13443.

General

biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Geopolitics, Decolonization, Liberation movement, Apartheid. KEYWORDS: OAU; UN; SWAPO. 7927 Campbell, Horace. 'The decolonisation process on Namibia." In: Namibia: The Conspiracy ofSilence, edited by Chakanyuka Karase and Shadrack Gutto. Harare, Zimbabwe: Nehanda, 1989. 35-51 pp. SUBJECTS: Decolonization, Warfare, Independence movement. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; Frontline states; UN. Highlights the three phases of the war in Namibia. Explores the process of decolonization, including the impact of the process of negotiations and concessions. Examines the role of SWAPO in the Namibian independence movement. 7928 Campbell, Horace. "The decolonization process in Namibia." In: Confrontation and Liberation in Southern Africa: Regional Directions after the Nkomati Accord, edited by Ibrahim S. R. Msabaha and Timothy M. Shaw. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1987. 33-49 pp. SUBJECTS: Foreign investment, National liberation movement, Mining. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; Nkomati Accord 1984. Attempts to strengthen the cause of the disenfranchised majority population both in Namibia and in the RSA. Raises questions relating to the process of decolonization beyond the seizing of state power. 7929 Catholic Institute for International Relations, and British Council for Churches. Demain la Namibie: I'Afrique du Sud dans 1'impasse? Paris: Khartala, 1983. 162 pp. biblio, maps, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Geopolitics, Historical analysis, Economic analysis, Political analysis, Race relations. KEYWORDS: RSA-Namibia relations; SWAPO; ANC; DTA (Democratic Turnhalle Alliance). 7930 Catholic Institute for International Relations. Mines and Independence. London: Catholic Institute for International Relations, 1983. 155 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Development planning, Labor migration, Natural resource management, Resource distribution, Management, Mining. KEYWORDS: De Beers Corporation; CDM (Consolidated Diamond Mines); Tsumeb Corporation; Róssing Uranium; working conditions. 7931 Clough, Michael. "From South West Africa to Namibia." In: Changing Realities in Southern Africa: Implications for American Policy, edited by Michael Clough. Berkeley, California: Institute of International Studies, University of California, 1982.61-91 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Liberation movement, Elections, Military intervention. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; RSA-Namibia relations; UN; Mugabe, Robert Gabriel.

7924 Ahmed, Iqbal, ed. Rural Development: Options for Namibia after Independence. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1985. 154 pp. ALSO COVERS: Zimbabwe, Zambia. SUBJECTS: Unemployment, Rural development, Land-use policy, Land tenure system, Land reform. KEYWORDS: agricultural mechanization.

7932 Cooper, Alan D. "Walvis Bay: The next obstacle to Namibian independence." African Studies Association Papers 27, no. 18 (October 1984): 1-13. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Territorial sovereignty, Nationalism, International law. KEYWORDS: National Party; RSA-Namibia relations; UN; Walvis Bay.

7925 Andersson, Neil. "Work and health in Namibia: Preliminary notes." Journal of Southern African Studies 13, no. 2 (January 1987): 274-292. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Racial discrimination, Health care policy, Labor force. KEYWORDS: diamonds. Analyzes health care and working conditions for blacks in Nambia. Asserts that conditions are worse in Namibia than they are in the RSA.

7933 Cooper, Allan D. "American corporate investments in Namibia." Africa Today 30, no. 1/2 (1983): 23-31. tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Commercial sector, Historical analysis, Mining, Transnational corporations, Trade relations. KEYWORDS: US-Namibia relations; SWAPO.

7926 Booh, Jacques-Roger. La Decolonisation de la Namibie: un mandai usurpé. Paris: Publications Universitaires, 1982. 295 pp.

7934 Cosslett, Christopher. "International 'illegality' and anomalous natural resources development: The case of Namibia, 1966-1986." Lesotho Law Journal 3, no. 1 (1987): 223-258. SUBJECTS: International law, Natural resource management, Territorial sovereignty,

NAMIBIA/General Economic development. KEYWORDS: UN. Attempts to delineate certain negative effects attributable to the shortcomings of past international legal approaches to the Namibian question and the practical effects of a prolonged period of illegality upon the exploitation of the natural resources of Namibia. 7935 Cros, Gérard. Chroniques namibiennes: la dernière colonie. Paris: Présence Africaine, 1983. 235 pp. tables, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Angola. SUBJECTS: Political analysis, Regional conflict, Nationalism. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; MPLA; UNIT A; RSANamibia relations; UN. 7936 Cros, Gérard. La Namibie. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1983. 127 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Colonialism, Political analysis, Liberation movement, Bantustan. KEYWORDS: UN; SDN (Société des Nations); SWAPO. 7937 Crowder, Michael. "Tshekedi Khama, Smuts, and South West Africa." The Journal of Modern African Studies 25, no. 1 (March 1987): 25-42. ALSO COVERS: Botswana, Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Leadership analysis, Intervention policy, Regional conflict. KEYWORDS: Smuts, Jan Christian; Tshekedi, Khama; Bechuan aland. States that Jan Smuts's international drive to incorporate South West Africa into a Greater South Africa were blocked mainly because of the efforts of Tshekedi Khama, regent of the Bangwato in the Bechuanaland Protectorate. Details Smuts's and Khama's battle, showing the importance of the latter. 7938 Cullinan, Sue. "South African public opinion and Namibia: The potential impact of independence." In: Namibia, 1884-1984: Readings on Namibia's History and Society, edited by Brian Wood. London: Namibia Support Committee in cooperation with the UN Institute for Namibia, 1988. 551-556 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Regional security, National liberation movement, Statistical analysis, Self-determination, International politics. KEYWORDS: ANC; SWAPO; UN Security Council Resolution 435 1978. Considers Namibia's independence and the impact it might have on the RSA. Presents information regarding both Black and White public opinion on independence and its psychological impact. Stresses the RSA's desire for regional security. 7939 de Beer, David. 'The Netherlands and Namibia: The political campaign to end Dutch involvement in the Namibian uranium trade." In: Allies in Apartheid: Western Capitalism in Occupied Namibia, edited by Allan D. Cooper. London: Macmillan, 1988. 124-135 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Mining, Trade policy. KEYWORDS: Treaty of Almelo 1970; Netherlands-Namibia relations; uranium; Natural Resources Decree No. 1, 1974; UN Council for Namibia. Examines the policy of the Netherlands with respect to Decree No. 1 and the importation of uranium from Namibia. Explores the international legal problems that may accompany a Dutch refusal to accept uranium imported from Namibia. 7940 Diener, Ingolf. Apartheid! la cassure: la namibie, un peuple, un peuple, un devenir... Paris: Arcantère, 1986.341 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Apartheid, Colonialism, Bantustan, Historical analysis, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: League of Nations; Bantu people; SWAPO; Germany-Namibia relations. Draws on history to explore the Namibian crisis. Describes the role of the colonial system—from German colonization to the RSA occupation and racist implementation—in creating the current situation. Examines the rise of SWAPO. 7941 Diener, Ingolf. "Le terrain d'expérience namibien." In: Verrouillage ethnique en Afrique du Sud, edited by Claude Meillassoux.

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Paris: UNESCO/OAU, 1988. 89-106 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Resistance movement, Guerrilla activity, Apartheid. KEYWORDS: SWAPO. Examines Namibia in order to judge if the end of apartheid as announced by Pretoria is a reality. Attempts to determine if changes that have taken place in Namibia can be applied to RSA. 7942 Diescho, Joseph B. "Namibia: Reflections on relative independence." In: Toward Peace and Security in Southern Africa, edited by Harvey Glickman. New York: Gordon and Breach, 1990. 171-185 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Independence movement, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: RSA-Namibia relations; SWAPO; UN Security Council Resolution 435,1978; Walvis Bay. Provides a history of the struggle for Namibian independence. Examines Namibia's chances for continued independence, given the RSA's position of relative strength. 7943 Dollie, Na-eim. "Religion, the state, and the military in Ovamboland." In: A Political Review of Namibia: Nationalism in Namibia, edited by Na-iem Dollie. Windhoek, Namibia: Logo Print, 1988. 89-99 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: State power, Liberation movement, Religion, Armed forces. KEYWORDS: Ovamboland, Namibia; SWATF (South West African Territory Force); Evangelical Lutheran Church; Kalunga myth; SWAPO. Illustrates the power and influence of three institutions in Ovamboland: the military, the state, and the church. Contends that the military holds the most power and that change within the state emanates from the status quo. Discusses religiously inspired popular movements developed by the church. 7944 Du Pisani, André. "Namibia: A new transitional government." South Africa International 16, no. 2 (October 1985): 66-73. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Political parties, Regional conflict. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; transitional government. 7945 Du Pisani, André. "Namibia: From incorporation to controlled change." Journal of Contemporary African Studies 1, no. 2 (April 1982): 281-305. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Decolonization, Conflict, Legislative action, Self-determination. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; OAU; DTA (Democratic Tumhalle Alliance). 7946 Du Pisani, André. "Namibia: The search for alternatives." South Africa International 12, no. 1 (July 1981): 292-302. SUBJECTS: Civil war, International relations. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; constructive engagement; UNITA; UN. 7947 Du Pisani, André. "Prospects for an international settlement." In: Perspectives on Namibia: Past and Present, edited by Christopher Saunders. Cape Town, RSA: Centre for African Studies, University of Cape Town, 1983.128-137pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa, Angola. SUBJECTS: Self-determination, International cooperation, Liberation movement. KEYWORDS: Cuba-Namibia relations; US-Namibia relations; constructive engagement; Crocker, Chester A.; SWAPO. 7948 Dzuverovic, Olja. 'The support for the Namibia struggle for independence by the non-aligned movement." In: Namibia: The Conspiracy of Silence, edited by Chakanyuka Karase and Shadrack Gutto. Harare, Zimbabwe: Nehanda, 1989. 63-73 pp. SUBJECTS: Independence movement, Nonaligned nation, Colonialism. KEYWORDS : NAM (Non-Aligned Movement); SWAPO. Assesses the support for the Namibian independence struggle by the non-aligned movement. Focuses specifically on the various conferences and pronouncements given by the movement. 7949 Eriksen, Tore Linné, and Richard Moorsom. The Political

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Economy of Namibia: An Annotated, Critical Bibliography. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1985. 423 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Women's studies, International conflict, National liberation movement, Public health, Political economy studies, Education system. 7950 Frostin, Per. "The theological debate on liberation." In: Church and Liberation in Namibia, edited by Peter Katjavivi, Per Frostin, and Kaire Mbuende. London: Pluto, 1989. 51-92 pp. SUBJECTS: Liberation movement, Christianity, Marxism. KEYWORDS: DELK (German Evangelical Lutheran Church); liberation theology. Explores two different theological interpretations of liberation in Namibia. Focuses specifically on the dualist anticommunist theology and Black liberation theology. Outlines the contradictions existing within the dualist anticommunist theology. 7951 Gamier, Christine Von. La Namibie vue de l'intérieur. Paris: Collection Mondes en Devenir. Série "Points chauds," 1984. 189 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Geopolitics, Political analysis, Nationalism. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; DTA (Democratic Tumhalle Alliance); UN. 7952 Gottschalk, Keith. "The South African state in Namibia: From colonialism to counter-revolution." In: Namibia, 1884-1984: Readings on Namibia's History and Society, edited by Brian Wood. London: Namibia Support Committee in cooperation with the UN Institute for Namibia, 1988. 495-501 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Military intervention, Neocolonialism, Independence movement. KEYWORDS: SADF; regional destabilization; UNITA; RENAMO (Resistencia Nacional Mo9ambicana); RSANamibia relations. Describes the RSA's strategy of imposing neocolonial rule in Namibia, which encourages a massive state debt-bondage, takes over Walvis Bay, destabilizes the country through a counterrevolution supported by SWATF and SWAP battalions, and uses the Namibian war for independence for military activities. 7953 Hopwood, Graham. Walvis Bay: South Africa's Hostage. London: Catholic Institute for International Relations, 1990.22 pp. maps. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Territorial sovereignty, Geopolitics. KEYWORDS: Walvis Bay; RSA-Namibia relations. Examines the struggle between the RSA and Namibia over Walvis Bay. Argues that Walvis Bay should be the national port of Namibia. 7954 Hough, M., and M. van der Merwe, eds. Namibia: Current and Future Perspectives. Pretoria, RSA: Institute for Strategic Studies, University of Pretoria, 1989. 78 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Trade relations, Independence movement, Strategic policy. KEYWORDS: UN; UN Security Council Resolution 435,1978; RSA-Namibia relations; Administrator-General; SWAPO. Puts forth the papers presented at the conference on the future of Namibia held by the Institute for Strategic Studies in August 1989. Assesses the strategic and economic implications of Namibian independence with particular reference to the RSA and the Southern African region.

Western Intervention in Namibia. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1990. 198 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Conflict resolution, International relations, Case study. KEYWORDS: Western Contact Group; RSA-Namibia relations; SWAPO. Focuses on third-party responses to conflict, addressing its choice of the intermediary role in response to conflict, its tactical choice decisions during involvement as intermediary, and its réévaluation of its continued involvement prior to the achievement of a settlement. Uses the RSA-Namibia conflict and the involvement of the Western Contact Group as a case study. 7957 Johnston, William. "Namibia." In: American Policy in Southern Africa: The Stakes and the Stance, edited by René Lemarchand. Washington, DC: University Press of America, 1981.193-222 pp. SUBJECTS: Natural resource management, International relations, Electoral process, Export policy. KEYWORDS: US-Namibia relations; SWAPO; Turnhalle Constitutional Conference 1975-1976; UN Security Council Resolution 435, 1978; minerals. 7958 Junge, Hergen. "German settler sectionalism in Namibia." In: A Political Review of Namibia: Nationalism in Namibia, edited by Na-iem Dollie. Windhoek, Namibia: Logo Print, 1988. 63-88 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Nationalism, Class analysis, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: German people; SWAPO; sectionalism. Analyzes the nationalist movement in German settlements in Namibia. Focuses on the color-caste system of ethnic, racial, and economic division established by German nationalist and imperialist ideology. Concludes with the problematic relations within the Namibian-German community based on certain distortions of class, caste, and national interests. 7959 Junge, Hergen. "Towards a Namibian national culture." In: A Political Review of Namibia: Nationalism in Namibia, edited by Na-iem Dollie. Windhoek, Namibia: Logo Print, 1988. 113-132 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Apartheid, Nation-building, Cultural identity. Delineates within a historical analysis the past attempts at building a nation on Namibian soil. Contends that since European colonialism, such attempts have consisted of either imperialistic or petite bourgeois nationalism. 7960 Karase, Chakanyuka. 'The non-aligned movement and the Namibian question." In: Namibia: The Conspiracy of Silence, edited by Chakanyuka Karase and Shadrack Gutto. Harare, Zimbabwe: Nehanda, 1989. 55-61 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Independence movement, Nonaligned nation. KEYWORDS: SWAPO. Examines the impact of the nonaligned movement on the liberation struggle in Namibia. Touches upon the US and RSA proposal to link Namibian independence to the withdrawal of Cuban troops from Angola. 7961 Kashoki, Mubanga E. "Achieving nationhood through language: The challenge of Namibia." Third World Quarterly 4, no. 2 (April 1982): 282-290. ALSO COVERS: Zambia. SUBJECTS: Language policy, Nation-building. KEYWORDS: English language; Afrikaans language; bilingualism.

7955 International Defence and Aid Fund for Southern Africa. This Is Namibia: A Pictorial Introduction. London: International Defence and Aid Fund for Southern Africa, 1984. 39 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa, Angola. SUBJECTS: Standard of living, Liberation movement, International relations, Apartheid, Labor force. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; OPO (Ovamboland People's Organisation); UN.

7962 Katjavivi, Peter, Per Frostin, and Kaire Mbuende, eds. Church and Liberation in Namibia. London: Pluto, 1989.222 pp. tables, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Christianity, Liberation movement, Apartheid, Communism. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; Black theology; liberation theology; CCN (Council of Churches in Namibia). Highlights the historical development of the church in Namibia. Explores the contribution that Namibia has made to liberation theology. Examines RSA interpretations of Christianity and the relationship between Marxism and Christianity.

7956 Jabri, Vivienne. Mediating Conflict: Decision-Making and

7963 Katjavivi, Peter. "The role of the church in the struggle for

NAMIBIA/General • 549 independence." In: Church and Liberation in Namibia, edited by Peter Katjavivi, Per Frostin, and Kaire Mbuende. London: Pluto, 1989.3-26 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Independence movement, Colonialism, Apartheid, Nationalist movement, Christianity. KEYWORDS: Lutheran Church; CCN (Council of Churches in Namibia); SWAPO; missionaries; church-state relations. Contains a history of how the Christian church in Namibia was transformed from an institution supportive of colonialism and apartheid to an institution aiding the Namibian struggle for independence. Identifies the various stages that the church went through, including Africanization and Black theology. 7964 Koponen, Juhani. "Finland." In: Namibia and the Nordic Countries, edited by H.-O. Sano, J. Koponen, A. Tostensen, and R. Stanbridge. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1981. 23-31 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign aid, Trade relations. KEYWORDS: Finland-Namibia relations; missionaries; SWAPO. 7965 Koroma, David S. M. "Namibia: The case of a betrayal of sacred trust." Journal ofAfrican Studies 12, no. 3 (Fall 1985): 141-153. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Regional conflict, Liberation movement, Political history. KEYWORDS: UN; SWAPO; PLAN (People's Liberation Army of Namibia); SWAPO; RS A-Namibia relations. 7966 Landis, Elizabeth. "Namibia in the international context: The frustration of independence." In: Namibia, 1884-1984: Readings on Namibia's History and Society, edited by Brian Wood. London: Namibia Support Committee in cooperation with the UN Institute for Namibia, 1988. 663-678 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Independence movement, International relations, International conflict. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; OAU; League of Nations; UN Security Council Resolution 435,1978; RSANamibia relations. Describes the involvement of the international community within Namibia since the League of Nations mandate, particularly the involvement of the UN. Includes an overall analysis of the Namibian conflict and the participation by the international community in creating problems or solutions. 7967 Landis, Elizabeth. "Namibia: A transatlantic view." South African Journal on Human Rights 3, no. 3 (November 1987): 347-366. other docs. SUBJECTS: Political history, Decolonization, International law, Independence movement. KEYWORDS: UN Security Council Resolution 435, 1978; Contact Group; SWAPO. Discusses the political history of Namibia and the proposed constitutional structures for postindependence Namibia. Outlines issues of debate within the constitution as proposed by RSA administrators and studies the constitutional issues dealt with in UN Resolution 435. 7968 Landis, Elizabeth S., and Michael I. Davis. "Namibia: Impending independence?" In: Southern Africa: The Continuing Crisis, edited by Gwendolen M. Carter and Patrick O'Meara. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1982.141-174 pp. SUBJECTS: Self-determination, International relations, Liberation movement, Labor strike. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; Terrorism Act 1967; UN. 7969 Lee, Richard B. "Foragers and the state: Government policies toward the San in Namibia and Botswana." In: The Future of Former Foragers in Australia and Southern Africa, edited by Carmel Schrire and Robert Gordon. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Cultural Survival, 1985. 37-45 pp. ALSO COVERS: Botswana. SUBJECTS: Military policy, Employment, Resettlement, Traditional society, Ethnic politics. KEYWORDS: San people; domestic policy; SWAPO. 7970 Logan, R. F. "Namibia." In: African Perspectives: An Exchange

of Essays on the Economic Geography of Nine African States, edited by Harm J. de Blij, Esmond Martin, and Ali Memon. New York: Methuen, 1981.173-192 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Infrastructure, Water supply. KEYWORDS: spatial analysis; economic geography. 7971 Longmire, Philip. "Land and labor in the Namibian economy." In: Studies in the Economic History of Southern Africa: Volume One: The Front-Line States, edited by Zbigniew A. Konczacki, Jane L. Parpart, and Timothy M. Shaw. London: Frank Cass, 1990. 200-223 pp. SUBJECTS: Resource distribution, Colonialism, Guerrilla activity. KEYWORDS: SWAPO. Assesses the economic history of Namibia as one characterized by land alienation, resource extraction, and labor exploitation. Examines greater militarization and the continued guerrilla war draining Namibian resources. 7972 Magyar, Karl P. "Namibia: Development problems in a transitional context." South Africa International 17, no. 3 (January 1987): 153-166. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Development planning, Political system. KEYWORDS: SWAPO. Examines development strategies and economic development both in colonized Namibia and under the transitional government. 7973 Manning, Peter, and Reginald H. Green. "Namibia: Preparations for destabilization." In: Destructive Engagement: Southern Africa at War, edited by Phyllis Johnson and David Martin. Harare, Zimbabwe: Zimbabwe Publishing, 1986. 111-137 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Economic dependency, International relations. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; Walvis Bay; regional destabilization; RSA-Namibia relations. Discusses efforts by the RSA to avoid a SWAPO government in Namibia, including the perpetuation of economic dependence on the part of Namibia, and ever-increasing regional destabilization. Assesses the RSA's military occupation of Namibia and the RSA's failed attempts to conscript Namibian males. 7974 Manning, Peter. The United Nations Plan for Elections in Namibia: Envisaged in UN Security Council Resolution 435 (1978). London: Southscan, 1989.28 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South A f r i c a . S U B J E C T S : Elections, I n d e p e n d e n c e movement. KEYWORDS: UNTAG (UN Transitional Assistance Group); RSANamibia relations; UN Security Council Resolution 435, 1978; SWAPO. Outlines the UN plan for elections in Namibia as contained in UN Resolution 435. 7975 Marchand, Jacques. "French foreign policy towards Namibia 1981-1985." In: Allies in Apartheid: Western Capitalism in Occupied Namibia, edited by Allan D. Cooper. London: Macmillan, 1988.79-90 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, Economic relations, Mining. KEYWORDS: Contact Group; SWAPO; Nkomati Accord 1984; French Socialist Party; Frontline states. Examines French foreign policy toward Namibia during Namibia's preindependence era. Focuses specifically on the role of the French Socialist Party. 7976 McDougall, Gay J. "Council for Namibia's Decree No. 1: Enforcement possibilities." Africa Today 30, no. 1/2 (1983): 7-16. SUBJECTS: Mining, Natural resource management, Law enforcement. KEYWORDS: minerals; UN Security Council; International Court of Justice; Natural Resources Decree No. 1, 1974. 7977 Melber, Henning. "Socio-economic interaction and establishment of colonial-capitalist relations in Namibia before and during German rule." In: Allies in Apartheid: Western Capitalism in Occupied Namibia, edited by Allan D. Cooper. London: Macmillan, 1988. 8-38 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUB-

550 • NAMIBIA/General JECTS: Colonialism, Capitalist economy, Labor force, Racial conflict. KEYWORDS: Herero people; Nama people; Ambo people; Ovambo people; Witbooi, Hendrik. Offers a historical introduction to the study of present economic relations between Namibia and the capitalist world marketplace. Highlights the establishment of capitalism in Namibia. 7978 Miller, R. McG. Report on the Mining and Production of Diamonds at CDM (1945 to 1983) : Departmental Report: Department of Economic Affairs, South West Africa!Namibia. Windhoek, Namibia: Geological Survey, Southwest Africa/Namibia, 1985.28 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Mining, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: CDM (Consolidated Diamond Mines). 7979 Moleah, Alfred T. Namibia: The Struggle for Liberation. Wilmington, Delaware: Disa, 1983. 341 pp. biblio, maps, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa, Angola. SUBJECTS: Liberation movement, Colonialism, Apartheid, Communism. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; UN; Herero people; Nama people; Reagan, Ronald. 7980 Moorsom, Richard. Walvis Bay: Namibia's Port. London: International Defence and Aid Fund for Southern Africa, 1984. 93 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Apartheid, Labor migration, Fishing industry, National security. KEYWORDS: Walvis Bay; RSA-Namibia relations; UN Council for Namibia. 7981 Morrell, Jim. "The International Monetary Fund and Namibia." Africa Today 30, no. 1/2 (1983): 17-22. tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Human rights, Resource distribution, Military policy. KEYWORDS: UN; IMF. 7982 Mujoro, Zedekia, and Emma Mujoro. "Namibian liberation theology and the future." In: Church and Liberation in Namibia, edited by Peter Katjavivi, Per Frostin, and Kaire Mbuende. London: Pluto, 1989.93-108 pp. SUBJECTS: Apartheid, Christianity. KEYWORDS: liberation theology. Examines the origin in colonialism and apartheid of Namibian liberation theology. Describes the content and composition of Namibian liberation theology. 7983 Mukonoweshuro, Eliphas G. "Namibia: The battle for economic liberation." Genève AfriquelGeneva Africa 28, no. 1 (1990): 105-117. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Mining, Human resources development. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; CDM (Consolidated Diamond Mines); SADCC. Examines the struggle for economic liberation from South Africa, which is facing a newly independent Namibia. Analyzes also the numerous constraints facing Namibia, the prospects for economic development, and the prospects for success. 7984 Namibia Peace Plan 435 Contact and Study Group. The Choice : Namibia Peace Plan 435 or Society Under Siege. Windhoek, Namibia: Namibia Peace Plan Study and Contact Group, 1987. I l l pp. tables, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Sanctions, Conflict. KEYWORDS: UN Security Council Resolution 435, 1978; SWAPO; Namibia Peace Plan Study and Contact Group. Reviews the general background of UN Security Council Resolution 435. Assesses reasons for the nonimplementation of the resolution. 7985 Nangoloh, Phil Ya. The United Nations: International Double Standards and the Collusion to Promote Elitism in Namibia. Windhoek, Namibia: SWAPO Democrats, 1986. 19 pp. SUBJECTS: Elite analysis, International conflict, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: UN

Council for Namibia; SWAPO. Summarizes UN activities in support of SWAPO. 7986 Naqvi, Ali Sarawar. "Foreign enterprise and labor exploitation in Namibia: A report of the U.N. Council for Namibia." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 13 (1984): 35-40. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Foreign investment, Imperialism. KEYWORDS: UN; UN General Assembly Resolution 38/36, 1983; UN Council for Namibia. 7987 Nolutshungu, Sam C. "Namibian independence and SovietU.S. cooperation." In: Agenda for Action: African-Soviet-U.S. Cooperation, edited by Anatoly A. Gromyko and C. S. Whitaker. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1990. 243-250 pp. SUBJECTS: National liberation movement, International cooperation, Economic aid. KEYWORDS: US-USSR relations. Explores the role that US-USSR cooperation played in the movement toward Namibian independence. Analyzes the security problems due to internal conflicts that still exist. Calls for economic aid and clarifies the limits of international cooperation. 7988 Norval, Morgan. Death in the Desert: The Namibian Tragedy. Washington, DC: Selous Foundation, 1989. 318 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Warfare, Foreign policy, Self-determination, Revolutionary movement, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; Cuba-Southern Africa relations; SADF; MPLA; USSR-Southern Africa relations. Examines USSR and Cuban involvement in Southern Africa. Focuses on the role of SWAPO in the revolutionary movement of Namibia. Gives a historical description of the peoples and the economy of Namibia. 7989 Rocha, Geisa Maria. In Search ofNamibian Independence: The Limitations of the United Nations. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1984. 192 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Self-determination, International law, Liberation movement. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; UN. 7990 Saunders, Christopher, ed. Perspectives on Namibia: Past and Present. Cape Town, RSA: Centre for African Studies, University of Cape Town, 1983. 162 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Political independence, Apartheid, Economic development. KEYWORDS: RSA-Namibia relations; SWAPO. 7991 Schoeman, Elna. The Namibian Issue, 1920-1980: A Select and Annotated Bibliography. Boston, Massachusetts: G. K. Hall, 1982. 247 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Constitution, Political independence, Human rights, International conflict, Racial policy. KEYWORDS: UN; political organizations. 7992 Schroeder, Patricia. "New Namibian policy for the United States: Why it's needed; what it can do." Africa Today 33, no. 2/3 (1986): 25-46. SUBJECTS: International relations, Historical analysis, I n d e p e n d e n c e m o v e m e n t , E c o n o m i c sanctions. KEYWORDS: UN; US-Namibia relations; Frontline states. Proposes that the US needs to implement a new Namibian policy. Discusses the US role in Namibian independence discussions and studies the effect of international sanctions on US corporations operating in Namibia. Outlines US negotiating proposals. 7993 Shepherd, George W., Jr. "Breaking the Namibia impasse." Africa Today 29, no. 1 (1982): 21-35. SUBJECTS: International relations, Human rights, Political parties, Military policy. KEYWORDS: UN; SWAPO; Contact Group; DTA (Democratic Turnhalle Alliance).

NAMIBI A/General • 5 5 1

7994 Singham, A. W., and Shirley Hune. Namibian Independence: A Global Responsibility. Westport, Connecticut: Lawrence Hill, 1986. 124 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Independence movement, Imperialism, Political change, Nonaligned nation. KEYWORDS: UN Security Council Contact Group; RS A-Namibia relations; SWAPO; UN-RSA relations. Argues that the nonaligned movement has advanced Namibian independence but also that independence has been frustrated by the Western countries of the Contact Group. Contends that those countries want to take the issue outside the UN and make it part of the new cold war. Suggests multilateral diplomacy under the auspices of the UN. 7995 Smuts, David. "The interim government and human rights." In: Namibia in Perspective, edited by Gerhard Tötemeyer, Vezera Kandetu, and Wolfgang Werner. Windhoek, Namibia: Council of Churches in Namibia, 1987. 219-226 pp. SUBJECTS: Legal system, Human rights. KEYWORDS: MPC (Multi-Party Conference); Namibia Bill of Rights 1984. Documents the Namibian interim government's inability to adhere to the bill of rights, which was formally instituted in 1984. Examines the legislation passed and the response to detentions without trial. Questions the cabinet's support of human rights in Namibia. 7996 Soggot, David. Namibia: The Violent Heritage. London: Rex Collings, 1986. 333 pp. maps. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: National security, Imperialism, National liberation movement. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; DTA (Democratic Turnhalle Alliance). Maintains that the people of Namibia have been victims of genocide, colonial violence, injustice, and exploitation since 1884. Argues that with impunity and indifference to world opinion, the RS A has made Namibia a testing ground for the latest in its political strategies and military gadgetry. 7997 Sparks, Donald L., and Roger Murray. Namibia's Future: The Economy at Independence. London: Economist Intelligence Unit, 1985.96 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Political change, Development policy, Mining, Foreign trade, Agricultural development. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; Walvis Bay; DTA (Democratic Turnhalle Alliance); De Beers Corporation; MPC (Multi-Party Conference). 7998 Stephenson, David J., Jr. Jocelyn Sedney, and Jean-Paul Prentice. "Enforcing Decree No. 1 in the domestic courts of the United States." Africa Today 30, no. 1/2 (1983): 69-82. SUBJECTS: International relations, Historical analysis, Natural resource management, International law. KEYWORDS: UN Council for Namibia; UN; US Department of State; US-Namibia relations; Natural Resources Decree No. 1, 1974. 7999 Sud, Usha. Decolonization to World Order: International Organizations and the Emerging Pattern of Global Interdependence. New Delhi, India: National, 1983. 347 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Zimbabwe. SUBJECTS: International relations, Self-determination, Decolonization. KEYWORDS: UN. 8000 Tamina, H. OAU/UN Relations with Respect to the Liberation Struggle in Namibia. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Center for Foreign Relations, 1981.98 pp. biblio, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Liberation movement, Colonialism, International law. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; OAU; UN; OAU-UN relations. 8001 Taskforce on Churches and Corporate Responsibility. "Canada and Namibian uranium." Africa Today 30, no. 1/2 (1983): 33-44. SUBJECTS: Economic development, International law, International economic relations, Mining, Military alliance. KEYWORDS: Canada-Namibia relations; uranium; Contact Group; UN.

8002 Thomas, Wolfgang H. "Economic prospects." In: Perspectives on Namibia: Past and Present, edited by Christopher Saunders. Cape Town, RSA: Centre for African Studies, University of Cape Town, 1983.138-155 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Rural development, International conflict, Drought, Fishing industry, Socioeconomic analysis. KEYWORDS: Frontline states. 8003 Thomas, Wolfgang H. "Namibia's future development and the burden of the past." Perspectives in Economic History 2 (1983): 48-57. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Colonialism, Underdevelopment, Political independence. 8004 Thomas, Wolfgang H. "The economy in transition to independence." In: Namibia: Political and Economic Prospects, edited by Robert I. Rotberg. Lexington, Massachusetts: Lexington, 1983.41-91 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Socioeconomic analysis, Demographic analysis, Infrastructure. KEYWORDS: SWAPO. 8005 Tjitendero, Mosee P. An Education Policy for Independent Namibia: Some Fundamental Considerations. Lusaka, Zambia: UN Institute for Namibia, 1984. 56 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Apartheid, Education policy, Rural development, Population distribution, Literacy, Administration. 8006 Tötemeyer, Gerhard, Vezera Kandetu, and Wolfgang Werner, eds. Namibia in Perspective. Windhoek, Namibia: Council of Churches in Namibia, 1987. 265 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Political economy studies, Human rights, Community development, National liberation movement, Education reform, Legal system, Ethnicity. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; security legislation; MPC (Multi-Party Conference). A volume of essays by Namibian academicians and activists about how Namibians themselves are working toward independence. Addresses Namibia's historical legacy, political economy, ethnicity, community development, and educational system and discusses the effects of the RSA legal system on the country. 8007 Turpin, Barbara. "Cross-cultural attitudes toward the use of reclaimed water in SWA-Namibia." Munger Africana Library Notes 72 (March 1984): 1-16. tables. SUBJECTS: Cultural identity, Water supply. 8008 UN Council for Namibia. Plunder of Namibian Uranium: Major Findings of the Hearings on Namibian Uranium Held by the United Nations Council for Namibia in July 1980. New York: UN, 1982.35 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Mining, Transnational corporations, Bantustan. KEYWORDS: homelands policy; Rössing Uranium; strategic minerals; SWAPO; uranium. 8009 UN Council for Namibia. Political Developments Related to Namibia: Report Dated 4 September 1985 of Standing Committee II of the UnitedNations Council for Namibia. New York: UN, 1985. 30 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: International law, National liberation movement, Political development. KEYWORDS: OAU; SWAPO; UN Security Council Resolution 435, 1978; Frontline states; illegal occupation. 8010 UN Council for Namibia. Political Developments Related to Namibia: Report Dated 30 April 1986 of Standing Committee II of the U.N. Council for Namibia. New York: UN, 1986. 24 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Political development, N a t i o n a l liberation m o v e m e n t , I n t e r n a t i o n a l law. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; Frontline states; OAU; UN Security Council Resolution 435, 1978; illegal occupation. Documents the UN measures that urge the RSA to withdraw from

552

• N A M I B I A / G e n e ral

Namibia. Discusses the RSA's illegal occupation of the country and the concern of the international community at the RSA's refusal to comply with UN measures. Reviews the struggle of the Namibian people for national liberation. 8011 UN Council for Namibia. Social Conditions in Namibia: Report of the United Nations Council for Namibia. New York: UN, 1983. 15 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Legal system, Apartheid, Women's studies, Human rights, Standard of living, Health service, Terrorism. KEYWORDS: Intl. Conf. in Support of the Struggle of the Namibian People for Independence 1983; UN. 8012 US Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Namibia: The Exploitation of Natural Resources and U.S. Policy: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Africa of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, Ninety-ninth Congress. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1986. 200 pp. SUBJECTS: Foreign trade, Transnational corporations, Natural resource management, Economic policy. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; UNITA. Discusses US business involvement in Namibia and its impact on RSA control of Namibia. Suggests a policy to discourage investment in Namibia by US firms. Notes those US firms that are operating in Namibia and the impact of business prohibitions on them. 8013 Uys, Stanley. "SWAPO and the postindependence era." In: Namibia: Political and Economic Prospects, edited by Robert I. Rotberg. Lexington, Massachusetts: Lexington, 1983. 101-114 pp. SUBJECTS: Political analysis, International economic relations. KEYWORDS: SADCC; SWAPO. 8014 Vigne, Randolphe. "SWAPO of Namibia: A movement in exile." Third World Quarterly 9, no. 1 (January 1987): 85-107. SUBJECTS: Political history, Liberation movement. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; Maxuilili, Nathaniel; Nujoma, Sam. Details the history of SWAPO, noting how continued RSA repression and deceit regarding Namibian independence, along with the disappointment of hope in the ability of the UN and the World Court to aid the Namibian cause, led to the popularity and strengthening of SWAPO as an organization. 8015 von Kleist, K. E. B. Aspects of Poverty and Education in Namibia. Rondebosch, RSA: SALDRU, School of Economics, University of Cape Town, 1984. 31 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Household analysis, Poverty, Land tenure system, Education system. KEYWORDS: census; Ovamboland Administrative District, Namibia; Kavango Magisterial District, Namibia; Namaland Administrative District, Namibia. 8016 Walters, Ronald W. "United States and the South AfricanNamibian uranium option." Africa Today 30, no. 1/2 (1983): 51-59. tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Economic development, International economic relations, Mining. KEYWORDS: strategic minerals; uranium; US-RSA relations.

Health

8018 International Defence and Aid Fund for Southern Africa. A Nation in Peril: Health in Apartheid Namibia. London: International Defence and Aid Fund for Southern Africa, 1985.40 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Standard of living, Demographic analysis, Health service, Health care policy. 8019 Lobstein, Tim, and Namibia Support Committee Health Collective, eds. Namibia, Reclaiming the People's Health. London: AON (Action on Namibia), Namibia Support Comm., 1984. 151 pp. tables. ALSO CO VERS: Zimbabwe, Mozambique. SUBJECTS: Water supply, Public health, Women's studies, Health care policy, Political control, Nutrition, Sanitation. 8020 Smith, Susanna. Namibia: A Violation of Trust. Oxford, UK: OXFAM, 1986. 99 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: International law, Economic development, Poverty, Health care system, Natural resource management, Military intervention, Malnutrition. KEYWORDS: UK-Namibia relations; OXFAM; League of Nations; US-Namibia relations. Analyzes the RSA's performance according to the League of Nations mandate. States that apartheid policies have been imposed and land acquired by the RSA, transnational corporations, and outsiders. Concludes with a mandate for the UK to help relieve poverty and procure Namibian independence. 8021 UN Institute for Namibia, ed. Health Sector Policy Options for Independent Namibia. Lusaka, Zambia: UN Institute for Namibia, 1984.154pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Public health, Health service, Finance policy, Legislative action, Mortality rate. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; pharmaceuticals.

Human/Civil Rights

8022 Cleary, Sean. "A Bill of Rights as a normative instrument: South West Africa/Namibia 1975-1988." The Comparative andlnternational Law Journal of Southern Africa 21, no. 3 (November 1988): 291-355. SUBJECTS: Constitutional development, Civil rights, Human rights. KEYWORDS: Turnhalle Constitutional Conference 1975-1976; SWAPO. Discusses the development of various attempts to ensure a bill of rights for Namibia during the period between 1975 and 1988. Outlines proposals by SWAPO, the Turnhalle Constitutional Conference, and the Transitional Government of National Unity in relation to fundamental rights.

8017 Watts, Nicholas H. Z. "The roots of a controversy." In: Namibia: Political and Economic Prospects, edited by Robert I. Rotberg. Lexington, Massachusetts: Lexington, 1983. 1-27 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: RS A-Namibia relations; UN; SWAPO; International Court of Justice; Walvis Bay.

8023 Cleary, Sean. "The utility of bills of rights in culturally heterogeneous societies: A preliminary examination of the Namibian model." South Africa International 16, no. 4 (April 1986): 175-190. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Civil rights, Human rights, Political reform, Constitution. KEYWORDS: Bill of Fundamental Rights and Objectives 1984; Windhoek Declaration of Basic Principles 1984; political freedom theory; SWAPO. Examines the utility of a bill of rights in the RSA and Namibian constitutions. Assesses the objectives and impact of the Bill of Fundamental Rights and Objectives.

SEE ALSO 1481,4126,11093, 11097, 11108,11113,11146,11191, 11211, 11240, 11324, 11464, 11519, 13447, 13455, 13477, 13483, 13497, 13534,13541,13558,13570.

8024 McDougall, Gay J. "Prepared Statement of Gay J. McDougall, Director, Southern Africa Project Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights under Law." In: Namibia: Internal Repression and United

NAMIBIA/Labor • 5 5 3 States Diplomacy—Hearing before the Subcommittee on Africa of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1985. 39-85 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa, Angola. SUBJECTS: Political prisoners, Human rights, International conflict, International law. KEYWORDS: SWAPO. 8025 US Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Namibia: Internal Repression and United States Diplomacy—Hearing before the Subcommittee on Africa of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives . . . February 21,1985. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1985. 171 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa, Angola. SUBJECTS: Legal system, Human rights, International conflict, Political prisoners, Repression. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; Koevoet; League of Nations Mandate 1920; SAP (South African Police). SEE ALSO 11667, 11669, 11671, 11673, 11676, 11677, 11678, 11679, 11700.

Industry

8026 Cooper, Allan. "Namibia in the world economy." In: Namibia, 1884-1984: Readings on Namibia's History and Society, edited by Brian Wood. London: Namibia Support Committee in cooperation with the UN Institute for Namibia, 1988. 293-301 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Mining, Political economy studies, Transnational corporations, Natural resource management, Export economy, Fishing industry. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; Tsumeb Corporation. Describes the political economy of Namibia, showing the exploitation by both Western powers and the RSA. Analyzes transnational corporations in Namibia and their response to Namibian society. 8027 Kitazawa, Yoko. "Japan's illegal uranium contracts with Namibia." In: Allies in Apartheid: Western Capitalism in Occupied Namibia, edited by Allan D. Cooper. London: Macmillan, 1988. 114-123 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Trade relations, Economic cooperation, Transnational corporations, Raw materials, Apartheid, Mining. KEYWORDS: uranium; Kansai Electric Power Company, Osaka, Japan; Rössing Uranium; Japan-Namibia relations. Assesses the extent of Japanese illegal importation of uranium ore from preindependence Namibia. Comments on Japan's divergent public and business policies. 8028 Mwase, Ngile. "The Namibian transport and energy system: Dependency and disengagement from South Africa." Ufahamu 16, no. 1 (Fall 1987): 41-51. SUBJECTS: International relations, Transportation system, Import policy, Energy use, Oil industry, Livestock production. KEYWORDS: Walvis Bay; SATS (South African Transport Services); tourism; SWAPO. Discusses the ability of Namibia as an energy-rich economy to cooperate in both energy and transport sectors with other SADCC countries. Concludes that RSA attacks on and sabotage of the transport infrastructure and energy supply lines in the subregion may provide an independent Namibia with some idea of what to expect from Pretoria. 8029 Singham, A. W. "Namibia and nuclear proliferation." Third World Quarterly 3, no. 2 (April 1981): 277-286. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Nuclear capability, Natural resource management, Transnational corporations, Mining, Nuclear energy. KEYWORDS: uranium. 8030 Sparks, Donald L. "Namibia's coastal and marine development

potential." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 83, no. 333 (October 1984): 477-496. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Oil industry, Natural resource management, Fishing industry. KEYWORDS: coastal resources; CDM (Consolidated Diamond Mines); ICSEAF (International Commission for Southeastern Atlantic Fisheries); Walvis Bay; marine development. 8031 UN Industrial Development Organization. Namibia: Industrial Development at Independence. Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell, 1990. 79 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Industrial development, Manufacturing sector, Industrial policy, Industrialization, Raw materials. KEYWORDS: UNIDO (UN Industrial Development Organization). Summarizes the Namibian economic situation in 1988 and briefly reviews the structure and development of Namibian manufacturing industries. Reviews possible industrial development policies and the resource base available to assist in these policies. Analyzes the potential for resource-based industrialization and international cooperation for industrial development.

Labor

8032 Angula, Lohmeier. 'Theories fall apart: An exploration into the class position of the Namibian migrant labourer." In: Namibia, 18841984: Readings on Namibia's History and Society, edited by Brian Wood. London: Namibia Support Committee in cooperation with the UN Institute for Namibia, 1988. 330-334 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Bantustan, Labor migration, Class analysis, Labor strike, Peasant class, Subsistence farming. KEYWORDS: contract labor; landless peasants; Namibian General Strike 1971-1972. Analyzes the class position of migrant workers in Namibia. Demonstrates that they cannot easily be categorized because of their varying relationships to the means of production. Focuses on the general strike of 1971-1972 and the actions of contract workers at this time. 8033 Cleaver, Tessa, and Marion Wallace. Namibia: Women in War. London: Zed, 1990.137 pp. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Women's political role, National liberation movement, Warfare, Employment, Labor migration, Labor union. KEYWORDS: SWAPO Women's Council; PLAN (People's Liberation Army of Namibia); women's military role. Addresses the contribution of women to the liberation struggle in Namibia. Explores women and the war, the economy, unions, health issues, education opportunities, SWAPO, women's groups, and the churches. Based on numerous interviews with the women involved in the liberation movement. 8034 International Defence and Aid Fund. Working under South African Occupation: Labour in Namibia. London: International Defence and Aid Fund, 1987. 56 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Labor force, Influx control, Apartheid, Labor union, Standard of living. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; RSA-Namibia relations; contract labor. Explains the nature of the labor-control system in Namibia and its origins in colonial rule. Discusses expropriation of land by the White minority and the resulting exploitation of Black Namibian workers. 8035 Melber, Henning. "National Union of Namibian Workers: Background and formation." The Journal of Modem African Studies 21, no. 1 (March 1983): 151-158. other docs. SUBJECTS: Law, Repression, Labor union, Labor force. KEYWORDS: labor history;

554 • N A M I B I A/Labor NUNW (National Union of Namibian Workers); SWAPO. 8036 Omar, Gasan, Steve Katjiuanjo, and Elias Kanguatjivi. An Introduction to Namibia's Political Economy. Cape Town, RSA: Southern Africa Labour and Development Research Unit, 1990. 80 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Political economy studies, Demographic analysis, Colonialism, Labor policy, Mining, Labor union, Laborforce. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; labor law; RSA-Namibia relations. Analyzes the nature of the political economy of Namibia. Contextualizes the historical, social, political, and economic framework of Namibian social formation and the changes it has undergone. Explores the structure and organization of the Namibian economy. 8037 West, Martin. Vulnerability, Isolation, and Apartheid: A Case Study of Port Nolloth. Rondebosch, RSA: SALDRU, School of Economics, University of Cape Town, 1984. 23 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Fishing industry, Poverty, Demographic analysis, Economic development, Labor force, Apartheid, Employment opportunity. KEYWORDS: Namaland, Namibia; Port Nolloth, Namibia.

8043 Schoeman, Stanley, and Elna Schoeman. Namibia. Oxford, UK: Clio, 1984. 186 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Constitution, International law, Economic development, Foreign investment, Social welfare system. KEYWORDS: UN. SEE ALSO 11937, 11958, 11993, 11994.

Migration

8044 Paton, Patricia L. Namibian Refugees and Returnees: Lessons and Cautionsfor Theory and Practice in Africa. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada: Centre for African Studies, Dalhousie University, 1990. 18 pp. biblio, maps. SUBJECTS: Refugees, Refugee migration, Resettlement. KEYWORDS: repatriation. A review of the literature on refugees and the position of Namibian refugees. Addresses the current situation, in which Namibia is free and must cope with all the refugees who fled the country. Considers three options: repatriation, resettlement, and third-country settlement.

Legal System

8038 Dore, Isaak I. The International Mandate System and Namibia. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1985. 230 pp. maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Territorial sovereignty, Nationalism, Independence movement, International law, Legal system. KEYWORDS: UN; International Court of Justice. 8039 Faundez, Julio. "Namibia: The relevance of international law." Third World Quarterly 8, no. 2 (April 1986): 540-558. SUBJECTS: International law. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; UNTAG (UN Transitional Assistance Group); UN Security Council Resolution 435,1978; Contact Group. Details the international legal actions and arrangements surrounding the issue of Namibian independence. Concludes that Namibia's international status is such as to make perhaps the clearest case for a unit with the right to self-determination. 8040 Gill, T. D. South West Africa and the Sacred Trust, 1919-1972. The Hague, Netherlands: T. M. C. Asserlnstituut, 1984.107 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: International law, Apartheid, Legislative action, International conflict. KEYWORDS: self-government; UN Security Council. 8041 Kerina, Mburumba. Namibia: The Making of a Nation. New York: Books in Focus, 1981. 314 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa, Ethiopia. SUBJECTS: Independence movement, International law, Diplomatic relations, Foreign policy, National development, Mining, Constitutional reform. KEYWORDS: Ovamboland, Namibia. 8042 Ruppel, Hartmut. "Namibia: Security and its consequences." In: Namibia in Perspective, edited by Gerhard Tötemeyer, Vezera Kandetu, and Wolfgang Werner. Windhoek, Namibia: Council of Churches in Namibia, 1987. 227-238 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: National security, Law, Legislative action, Human rights. KEYWORDS: Terrorism Act 1967; Security Districts Proclamation AG 9, 1977; Defence Act No. 44, 1957. Discusses the RSA government's use of security laws, specifically in Namibia. Focuses on the Terrorism Act, Proclamation AG 9 of 1977, and the Defence Act. States that this type of legislation provides the RSA government with the means of imposing totalitarian measures on the people.

Military Affairs

8045 Dreyer, Ronald. "Dispute over Walvis Bay—origins and implications for Namibian independence." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 83, no. 333 (October 1984): 497-510. maps. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Historical analysis, Border conflict, Strategic policy. KEYWORDS: Walvis Bay; RSA-Namibia relations. 8046 Du Pisani, André. Namibia since Geneva. Braamfontein, RSA: South African Institute of International Affairs, 1981. 21 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa, Angola. SUBJECTS: Armed forces, Conflict resolution, International politics. KEYWORDS: Botha, Pik; OAU; Crocker, Chester A.; SWAPO; constructive engagement. 8047 Gordon, Robert. "The Praetorianization of Namibia." TransAfrica Forum 6, no. 1 (Winter 1989): 15-25. SUBJECTS: Warfare, Military intervention, Guerrilla activity, Power politics. KEYWORDS: SADF; SWATF (South West African Territory Force). Analyzes the role of RSA in Namibian military affairs. Discusses the all-pervasiveness of the military in Namibian life. Notes the destruction and dislocation caused by years of continual warfare in Namibia. 8048 Herbstein, Denis, and John Evenson. The Devils Are among Us: The War for Namibia. London: Zed, 1989. 202 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: National liberation movement, Christianity, Warfare, Military intervention. KEYWORDS: SWAPO. Reviews Namibia's fight for independence from 1945 to 1980. Describes life in the war zone, RSA methods of domination, and SWAPO's partnership with the church. 8049 International Defence and Aid Fund for Southern Africa. Apartheid's Army inNamibia: South Africa's Illegal Military Occupation. London: International Defence and Aid Fund for Southern Africa, 1982. 74 pp. maps. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Military policy, Armed forces, Military budget. KEYWORDS: regional destabilization; SADF; UN; RSA-Namibia

NAMIBIA/Politics

relations; SAP (South African Police). 8050 Lee, Richard. "The gods must be crazy, but the state has a plan: Government policies towards the San in Namibia." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 20, no. 1 (1986): 91-98. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: Military policy. KEYWORDS: San people. Discusses the militarization of the San people by the RSA government. Assesses attempts to create racial divisions between Black supporters of SWAPO and the San, as the RSA government uses the home of the San people for a critical military recruitment and training site for the SADF. 8051 Levy, Marc A. "Mediation of prisoners' dilemma conflicts and the importance of the cooperation threshold: The case of Namibia." The Journal of Conflict Resolution 29, no. 4 (1985): 581-603. tables. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa, Africa. SUBJECTS: Apartheid, Conflict resolution, Guerrilla activity. KEYWORDS: Reagan, Ronald; SWAPO; constructive engagement. 8052 Mittelman, James H. "Correspondent's report: The other war in the South Atlantic." Africa Today 29, no. 3 (1982): 43-46. SUBJECTS: Liberation movement, Military intervention, Regional conflict, Military alliance. KEYWORDS: constructive engagement; SADCC; SWAPO. 8053 UN Council for Namibia. The Military Situation in and Relating to Namibia: AReport of the UnitedNations Council for Namibia. New York: UN, 1983. 25 pp. maps. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa, Zambia. SUBJECTS: Military intervention, Liberation movement, Nuclear capability, Military budget. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; SADF; IMF; ARMSCOR (Armaments Development and Manufacturing Corporation). 8054 UN Council for Namibia. The Military Situation in and Relating to Namibia: Report Dated 3 April 1986 of Standing Committee II of the UnitedNations Council for Namibia. New York: UN, 1987.15 pp. maps. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa, Angola. SUBJECTS: Liberation movement, Military intervention, Nuclear capability, Military budget. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; SWATF (South West African Territory Force); PLAN (People's Liberation Army of Namibia); UN Security Council. Documents the RSA's military aggression in Namibia and Southern Africa. Updates previous information regarding the RSA's military expenditures, arms buildup, and nuclear capabilities. SEE ALSO 2465,3954,12086,12087,12114,12119,12129,12139, 12153, 13601,13614.

Planning and Development

8055 Mills, Glen. "Rural homesteads, supportive shacks and oppressive houses: Some observations and guidelines for architectural design and planning in Northern Namibia." In: Namibia in Perspective, edited by Gerhard Tòtemeyer, Vezera Kandetu, and Wolfgang Werner. Windhoek, Namibia: Council of Churches in Namibia, 1987. 102-118 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Development planning, Rural development, Urban planning policy, Development planning. KEYWORDS: Ovambo Administrative District, Namibia; architecture. Presents socioenvironmentally based principles for urban planning and design based on a study of the Ovambo region in Northern Namibia. Discusses dispersed rural homesteads, spontaneous urban settlements, and planned urban townships.

•

555

8056 Muller, Anna. "Housing in Namibia: Two family case studies in Katutura." African Urban Studies 21 (Spring 1985): 75-80. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Construction industry, Housing policy, Urban planning policy, Standard of living, Low-income housing, Decolonization. KEYWORDS: NBIC (National Building and Investment Corporation); Katutura, Namibia. 8057 Simon, David. "Independence and social transformation: Urban planning problems and priorities for Namibia." Third World Planning Review 7, no. 2 (May 1985): 99-118. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Urbanization, Population growth, Squatter community, Bantustan, Housing policy. 8058 Simon, David. "Transport and development in independent Namibia: Noose or lifeline?" Third World Planning Review 11, no. 1 (February 1989): 5-22. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Development planning, Transportation system. KEYWORDS: RSA-Namibia relations; UNIN (UN Institute for Namibia); SATS (South African Transport Services). Discusses the transportation planning issues that confronted Namibia upon its independence from the RSA. Notes the need for continued RSA financial and management assistance in order to maintain full operational status. Critiques the evaluation reports of UN and RSA officials on Namibian transport policy. 8059 Simon, David. "Urban squatting, low-income housing, and politics in Namibia on the eve of independence." In: Slum and Squatter Settlements in Sub-Saharan Africa: Toward a Planning Strategy, edited by R. A. Obudho and Constance C. Mhlanga. New York: Praeger, 1988. 245-260 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Squatter community, Housing policy, Low-income housing. KEYWORDS: Khomsdal, Namibia; Katutura, Namibia. Explains the relative unimportance of spontaneous urban settlements in Namibia until the late 1970s. Analyzes the nature of low-income housing and its attendant problems together with changes occurring since the transition to independence began in 1977.

Politics

8060 Cullinan, Sue. "SWAPO and the future of Namibia." South Africa International 15, no. 3 (January 1985): 141-149. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Marxism-Leninism, International cooperation, Constitution. KEYWORDS: SWAPO. 8061 Dollie, Na-iem. "Some notes on nationalism." In: A Political Review of Namibia : Nationalism in Namibia, edited by Na-iem Dollie. Windhoek, Namibia: Logo Print, 1988. 1-32 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Marxism, Nationalism, Nationalist movement, Class analysis, Political culture. Explores twentieth-century Third World nationalism and its history. Questions the ideological relationship between Marxism and nationalism and whether they can exist together. Concludes that the best sources for forming a national identity lie in community-based organizations and trade unions. 8062 Eriksen, Tore Linné. "Namibia: South African withdrawal and preparations for destabilization." Bulletin of Peace Proposals 20, no. 3 (September 1989): 295-307. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Independence movement, Corruption, Elections, Conflict resolution, Colonialism. KEYWORDS: UN Security Council Resolution 435, 1978; Walvis Bay; SWAPO; UNITA; regional destabilization. Provides a succinct review of Nambian interaction with the RSA,

556 • NAMIBIA/Politics RSA strategies for controlling Namibia, the role of the UN in RSA withdrawal, and the problems the RSA leaves behind for Namibians to solve. 8063 Kozonguizi, Jariretundu. "Namibian independence: What is the goal and how can we achieve it?" South Africa International 15, no. 3 (January 1985): 167-182. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Liberation movement, Independence movement, Political independence. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; PLAN (People's Liberation Army of Namibia); Crocker, Chester A. 8064 Lister, Gwen. "Status quo politics in Namibia from the early 1970s to the present." In: A Political Review of Namibia: Nationalism in Namibia, edited by Na-iem Dollie. Windhoek, Namibia: Logo Print, 1988.101-111 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: State power, Political power, Judicial system. KEYWORDS: UN Security Council Resolution 435 1978; multiparty conference; SWAPO; DTA (Democratic Turnhalle Alliance). Analyzes the function and role of government in Namibia since the early 1970s. Argues that there has been no fundamental change in the Namibian government; it remains illegitimate, backed by the RSA. Analyzes SWAPO and other political parties that are seeking change and power in Namibia. 8065 Makonnen, Yilma. "Namibia: Its international status and the issues of succession of states." Lesotho Law Journal 3, no. 1 (1987): 183-221. SUBJECTS: Self-determination, International law, Territorial sovereignty, Political succession, Decolonization, Colonialism, Political history. KEYWORDS: League of Nations; UN. Discusses the political history of Namibia in relation to the succession-of-states principle, its effect on international treaties, the position of Namibia in terms of international law, and the position of Namibia in relation to preindependence economic and financial rights and obligations. 8066 Malan, J. S. "Political attitudes and opinions of the Wambo of SWA/Namibia." Africa Insight 12, no. 3 (1982): 189-198. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Political ideology, Ethnicity, Modernization, Political culture, C o n s t i t u t i o n a l d e v e l o p m e n t , Religion. KEYWORDS: Wambo people; SWAPO. 8067 Piietz, Joachim, Heidi von Egidy, and Perri Caplan. Political Who's Who of Namibia. Windhoek, Namibia: Magus, 1987. 313 pp. b i b l i o , tables. S U B J E C T S : Biography, Political parties. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; Namibia Department of Finance; NUF (Namibia United Front); ANS (Action National Settlement); Kavango Representative Authority. A directory of leaders in national and regional government, in political parties (both active and inactive organizations), in political pressure groups, and in international agencies. 8068 Shamapande, Yobert K. "Perspectives for post-independence development in Namibia." In: Namibia, 1884-1984: Readings on Namibia's History and Society, edited by Brian Wood. London: Namibia Support Committee in cooperation with the UN Institute for Namibia, 1988. 363-371 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Natural resource management, Political independence, Economic development, Development policy, Apartheid, Modernization theory, Refugees. KEYWORDS: SWAPO. Outlines the economic areas in which Namibia will have to grow once independence has been gained. Enumerates specific policy options toward which an independent Namibia can move in spite of the historical influence of colonialism and regional conflict. 8069 Simon, David. "Decolonisation and local government in Namibia: The Neo-Apartheid Plan, 1977-83." The Journal of Modern African Studies 23, no. 3 (September 1985): 507-526. tables. ALSO

COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Decolonization, Apartheid, Local government, Ethnic politics. KEYWORDS: DTA (Democratic Turnhalle Alliance); SADCC; SWAPO; Arnold Commission of Inquiry 1980; Eeden Commission of Inquiry 1981. 8070 Werner, Wolfgang. "Ethnicity and Reformism in Namibia." In: Namibia in Perspective, edited by Gerhard Tötemeyer, Vezera Kandetu, and Wolfgang Werner. Windhoek, Namibia: Council of Churches in Namibia, 1987. 69-81 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Political reform, Class analysis, Human rights, Ethnicity, Legislative action, Democracy. KEYWORDS: Transitional Government of National Unity; SWAPO; DTA (Democratic Turnhalle Alliance); Administrator General Proclamation 8,1980. Examines the RSA's role in Namibia since the 1970s to explain its ramifications for Namibia. Shows how legislation and political strategies such as the Odendaal Commission and the DTA have allowed the RSA to superficially move away from apartheid. SEE ALSO 3963,12199,13641,16373.

Race Relations

SEE ALSO 12435,12459,12478.

Regionalism/Nationalism

8071 Dollie, Na-iem, ed. A Political Review of Namibia: Nationalism in Namibia. Windhoek, Namibia: Logo Print, 1988. 165 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Political culture, Nationalism, Nationalist movement, Class analysis. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; Ovamboland, Namibia; CCN (Council of Churches in Namibia); SWANU (South West Africa National Union). Delineates Namibia's colonial history through the contemporary period, when nationalist intervention is expressed and its possibilities assessed. Includes a glossary of the organizations and parties involved in forming the nationalist movement in Namibia. 8072 Strauss, André, and Na-iem Dollie. "'To Be Born a Nation': A critique." In: A Political Review of Namibia: Nationalism in Namibia, edited by Na-iem Dollie. Windhoek, Namibia: Logo Print, 1988. 135-150 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Angola, Mozambique. SUBJECTS: Nation-building, Nationalist movement, Revolutionary movement, Class analysis, Armed conflict. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; SWANU (South West Africa National Union); UNITA. Critiques the book To Be Born a Nation. States that it needs to be assessed for its uncritical advocacy within its structure and purpose. Concludes that the book does not address the important elements that moved Namibia to nationhood. Suggests that further research is needed to contribute to the independence movement. SEE ALSO 3264,13673.

Religion

8073 Kjeseth, Peter L. "The church and politics in Namibia." Africa Today 36, no. 1 (1989): 7-22. SUBJECTS: Christianity, Religious

NAMIBI A/Social Movement • 5 5 7

politics. KEYWORDS: church-state relations; SWAPO; CCN (Council of Churches in Namibia); Ai-Gams Declaration 1986; Kairos Document 1985. States that Namibia's most stable, trusted, and enduring institution is the church. Provides a recent history of the church's involvement in Namibia's struggle for independence and asks what role the church will play in future politics. Details documents the church has produced on political issues.

Social Movement

8074 Chimutengwende, Chen C. "The response of the frontline states to the destabilization policies of South Africa." In: Namibia: The Conspiracy of Silence, edited by Chakanyuka Karase and Shadrack Gutto. Harare, Zimbabwe: Nehanda, 1989.75-82 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Independence movement. KEYWORDS: SADCC; Frontline states. Outlines the main features of the response of the Frontline states to the destabilization policies of the RSA. Analyzes the nature, objectives, tactics, and impact of that response as a contribution to the liberation of Namibia. 8075 CIDMAA. Towards Namibian Independence: Prospects for Development and Cooperation. Montreal, Canada: CIDMAA (Centre d'Information et de Documentation Sur le Mozambique et 1'Afrique Ausrate), 1984.72pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Liberation movement, Political movement, Decolonization. KEYWORDS: Canada-Namibia relations; SWAPO. 8076 Cockram, Gail-Maryse. "South West Africa/Namibia—the ballot or the bullet." In: On the Razor's Edge: Prospects for Political Stability in Southern Africa, edited by Calvin A. Woodward. Pretoria, RSA: Africa Institute of South Africa, 1986. 89-120 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa, Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: National liberation movement, International relations, Liberation movement. KEYWORDS: RSA-Namibia relations; SWAPO; Nkomati Accord 1984. Discusses the history and violence of the national liberation movement in Namibia. Assesses the RSA's role in the deterrence of freedom in Namibia, as well as the RSA's potential role on the continent. 8077 Dollie, Na-iem. "Political options on the Left in Namibia." In: A Political Review of Namibia: Nationalism in Namibia, edited by Na-iem Dollie. Windhoek, Namibia: Logo Print, 1988. 151-160 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: National liberation movement, Nation-building, Political parties, Independence movement. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; NIP (Namibian Independence Party); UN Security Council Resolution 435, 1978. Reviews the political atmosphere and organizations in Namibia. Discusses left-wing party options and the question of national independence. Concludes that nation-building in Namibia is an uncertain prospect, especially with UN Resolution 435 so far away from implementation. 8078 IDAF. Review of 1988: Repression and Resistance in South Africa and Namibia. London: International Defence and Aid Fund for Southern Africa, 1989. 39 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa, Angola. SUBJECTS: Resistance movement, Repression, Liberation movement. An annual review of events in the RSA and Namibia during 1988. Covers RSA relations with Namibia and Namibia's liberation struggle. Documents the organizing and liberation struggle in the RSA, noting

that it reached unprecedented levels. Addresses detention, trials, unions, and the media. 8079 Katjavivi, Peter H. A History of Resistance in Namibia. London: UNESCO, 1988. 152 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Religion, Nationalism, Political history, Resistance movement, Liberation movement. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; homelands policy; RSA-Namibia relations. Analyzes Namibian resistance to colonialism and the apartheid government of the RSA. Focuses on national, religious, and political resistance movements, concentrating on SWAPO's development. 8080 Landis, Elizabeth S. Namibian Liberation: Self-Determination, Law, and Politics. New York: Episcopal Church for South Africa, 1982.17 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: I n d e p e n d e n c e movement, National liberation movement. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; DTA (Democratic Turnhalle Alliance); UN Security Council Resolution 435 1978. 8081 Mbuende, Kaire. Namibia, the Broken Shield: Anatomy of Imperialism and Revolution. Lund, Sweden: Liber Förlag, 1986. 213 pp. biblio, tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Labor migration, Economic development, National liberation movement, Class analysis, Resistance movement, Nationalism. KEYWORDS: minerals; SWAPO; Odendaal Commission on Homeland 1963. Argues that colonialism in Namibia is a part of capitalist imperialism and that the national resistance struggles combating it are struggles for socialism. Relates this analysis through a study of the class structure and economy of Namibia, concluding that Namibian independence will help stabilize the region. 8082 Moorsom, Richard. "In the grip of imperialism." In: Namibia, 1884-1984: Readings on Namibia's History and Society, edited by Brian Wood. London: Namibia Support Committee in cooperation with the UN Institute for Namibia, 1988. 302-313 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Independence movement, National liberation movement, Political economy studies, Foreign capital, Natural resource management, Imperialism, Neocolonialism. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; petite bourgeoisie; DTA (Democratic Turnhalle Alliance). Examines Namibia's political economy, which is based on foreign corporate capital and exploitation. Shows that the long-term effect of this exploitation consists of the rise of the liberation movement in Namibia. Analyzes SWAPO's strength in Namibia and the class character of the movement. 8083 Ojo, Bamidele A. "Namibie: vers l'indépendance." Année africaine 34 (1989): 151-163. biblio. SUBJECTS: Independence movement, National liberation movement, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; UN Security Council Resolution 435,1978; UNTAG (UN Transitional Assistance Group). Presents the evolution of Namibia's liberation movement. Traces colonial history from 1884 to independence from South Africa in 1990. Emphasizes the role of the UN and UN Resolution 435 in the independence struggle. 8084 SWAPO, Department of Information and Publicity. To Be Born a Nation: The Liberation Struggle for Namibia. London: Zed, 1981. 357 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Revolutionary movement, Independence movement, National liberation movement. KEYWORDS: SWANU (South West Africa National Union); SWAPO; PLAN (People's Liberation Army of Namibia); German colonialism. 8085 Wood, Brian, ed. Namibia, 1884-1984: Readings on Namibia's History and Society. London: Namibia Support Committee and UN Institute for Nambia, 1988. 762 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS:

5 5 8 • NAMIBIA/Social Movement

Southern Africa, Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Formal education, Political economy studies, National liberation movement, Independence movement, International conflict, Political history. KEYWORDS: SWAPO. An edited volume of papers and proceedings from the International Conference on Namibia, 1884-1984: 100 Years of Foreign Occupation; 100 Years of Struggle. Discusses Namibia's history, political economy, oppression, and movements of resistance, as well as the RSA's role and policies of occupation in the country.

tion from sexism.

SEE ALSO 3387,12555,12566.

8090 SWAPO Women's Solidarity Campaign. "Education for subservience and liberation: Another perspective." In: Namibia, 18841984: Readings on Namibia's History and Society, edited by Brian Wood. London: Namibia Support Committee in cooperation with the UN Institute for Namibia, 1988. 425-430 pp. SUBJECTS: Sex discrimination, Education policy, Women's studies, Sex role. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; bridewealth. Poses questions and ideas relevant to the achievement of a nonsexist educational system in Namibia. Explores the precolonial practice of bridewealth and the colonial mode of education that stereotypes sexes into particular jobs. Calls for the creation of a nonsexist curriculum to help increase and ensure equal opportunity for women.

Trade

8086 Erichsen, Erich, Bertil Hogberg, and Arne Tostensen. "Scandinavia and Namibia: Contradictions of policies and actions." In: Allies in Apartheid: Western Capitalism in Occupied Namibia, edited by Allan D. Cooper. London: Macmillan, 1988. 136-155 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Import policy, Export policy, Investment policy, Foreign aid, Foreign investment. KEYWORDS: UN Security Council Resolution 435, 1978; SWAPO; Scandinavia-Namibia relations. Examines the investment and trade policy of the Netherlands with respect to Namibia and the RS A. Suggests that verbal policy and action are divergent.

Women and Gender

8087 Allison, Caroline. It's Like Holding the Key to Your Own Jail: Women in Namibia. Geneva, Switzerland: World Council of Churches, 1986. 71 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Sex discrimination, Liberation movement, Women's rights, Women's studies. KEYWORDS: SWAPO. Discusses how Namibian women were the primary victims of war and repression and how they played an important role in the liberation struggle. 8088 Gawanas, Bience. "Women's struggle within the national liberation struggle." Journal of African Marxists no. 10 (June 1987): 50-54. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Women's rights, National liberation movement, Socialist revolution, Women's political role. KEYWORDS: SWAPO. Assesses the role that women play in the SWAPO organization. Asserts that one main goal of liberation movements should be libera-

8089 Hishongwa, Ndeutala Selma. Women of Namibia: The Changing Role of Namibian Women from Traditional Precolonial Times to the Present. Stockholm, Sweden: Forlaget By och Bygd, 1983. 103 pp. biblio, maps. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Apartheid, Women's economic role, Women's political role, Liberation movement, Family planning. KEYWORDS: SWAPO; Ovambo people; contract labor.

8091 SWAPO Women's Solidarity Campaign. "Women in Production and Reproduction." In: Namibia, 1884-1984: Readings on Namibia's History and Society, edited by Brian Wood. London: Namibia Support Committee in cooperation with the UN Institute for Namibia, 1988. 351-357 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Women's studies, Labor migration, Household analysis, Subsistence economy. KEYWORDS: social reproduction; SWANLA (South West African Native Labour Association). Illustrates Namibian women's specific oppression under the forced migrant labor system, a system that has been in place since colonialism. Describes women's roles as producers and reproducers. Locates women's strategies of survival and resistance. 8092 Unterhalter, Elaine. "White supremacy, the colonial state and the subordination of women: Some notes and questions." In: Namibia, 1884-1984: Readings on Namibia's History and Society, edited by Brian Wood. London: Namibia Support Committee in cooperation with the UN Institute for Namibia, 1988. 547-556 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Women's studies, Division of labor, State government, Labor migration, Sex discrimination. Argues for a need to research the ways that the colonial state has described the precolonial state, the institutions that have come out of the colonial state, and how those institutions differ from the precolonial state. SEE ALSO 16441.

NIGER Agriculture

KEYWORDS: Peul people.

8093 Bellot, Jean-Marc. Commerce, commerçants de bétail et intégration régionale: l'exemple de l' Ouest du Niger. Talence, France: Centre d'Etude d'Afrique Noire, 1982. 241 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural marketing, Livestock production, Agricultural production, Commercial agriculture, Economic development.

8094 Cissé, Amadou A. "Développement agricole et participation paysanne: politiques d'aménagements hydro-agricoles au Niger." In: Les Politiques de l'eau en Afrique: développement agricole et participation paysanne, edited by Gérard Conac, Claudette SavonnetGuyot, and Françoise Conac. Paris: Economica, 1985. 499-517 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Water supply, Irrigation, Food production, Agricultural cooperatives, Peasant

NIGER/Agriculture

economy. KEYWORDS: Toula Dam, Niger; ON AHA (Office National des Aménagements Hydrauliques Agricoles); rice. 8095 Cullen, Michael A. "Grain marketing in Niger." African Studies Association Papers 26, no. 37 (December 1983): 1-69. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural marketing, Food production, Government regulation, Agricultural policy, Import policy. KEYWORDS: grain. 8096 Frélastre, Georges. "Le Troupeau nigérien en péril." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 247/248 (1986): 97-105. SUBJECTS: Pastoralism, Livestock production, Rural development, Agricultural policy. KEYWORDS: Niger drought 1972-1973; Niger drought 1984-1985; Fulani people. Claims that Niger's traditional cattle-raising sector is in a state of crisis due to the droughts of the early 1970s and mid-1980s. Notes that the number of cattle decreased by nearly half during the 1972 drought and by nearly two-thirds during the 1984 drought. 8097 Gasana, Oscar N., and Mekaonnen Assefa. Index des documents microfichés par l'équipe CIPEA/CRDI au Niger. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Centre International pour l'Elévage en Afrique, 1987. 149 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Livestock production, Agricultural production, Pastoralism, Commercial agriculture, Rural development, Water supply. KEYWORDS: agropastoralism; fertilizer. Presents bibliographic citations on agricultural technology and production practices in Niger. Includes additional subjects such as animal and vegetable production, soil science, agronomy, and field crops. 8098 Grégoire, Emmanuel. "Un Système de production agro-pastoral en crise: le terroir de Gourjae (Niger)." In: Enjeux fonciers en Afrique noire, edited by E. Le Bris, E. Le Roy, and F. Leimdorfer. Paris: Karthala, 1982. 202-211 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Pastoralism, Agricultural production, Village development, Land-use policy, Rural development. KEYWORDS: Gourjae Area, Niger. 8099 Hall, William E. Niger Cereals Project: An Experience in Technical Assistance. Lubbock, Texas: International Center for Arid and Semi-Arid Land Studies, 1983. 107 pp. SUBJECTS: Technical assistance, Agricultural production, Development planning, Agricultural extension service. KEYWORDS: Niger Cereals Project. 8100 Herman, Larry, and Robin Barlow. The Impact of Agricultural Policy Reforms on the Output of Selected Crops in Niger. Ann Arbor, Michigan: Center for Research on Economic Development, University of Michigan, 1990. 117 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural policy, Reform, Agricultural production, Models, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: millet; sorghum; cowpeas. Applies supply-demand models to the millet-sorghum and cowpea markets. Predicts output and then compares actual output with that prediction. Shows that agricultural policy reforms have positively affected the output of these crops. 8101 Lainé, Gilles. "Evolution du régime foncier dans une société d'éleveurs nomades. Le cas des Twaregs Kel Dinnik dans la région de Tahoua (Niger)." In: Enjeuxfonciers en Afrique noire, edited by E. Le Bris, E. Le Roy, and F. Leimdorfer. Paris: Karthala, 1982. 195-202 pp. SUBJECTS: Land tenure system, Pastoralism, Traditional society, Colonialism, Modernization. KEYWORDS: Kel Dinnik people; Tahoua Department, Niger; Tuareg people. 8102 Ministère du Développement Rural. Insertion de la riziculture moderne dans les exploitations de la zone de Namarde Goungou: complément d'étude socio-économique sur l'aménagement de Namarde Goungou. Vol. 1. Niamey, Niger: Niger Conseil Militaire Suprême, 1983.55 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Food production, Rural development. KEYWORDS : millet; rice;

•

559

Namarde Goungou District, Niger. 8103 Mudry,Philippe. "Quandlarigueurestautrechosequ'unmot." Géopolitique africaine no. 2 (June 1986): 235-249. ALSO COVERS: North Africa. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Food scarcity, Agricultural production, National security, Islamic society, Military government. KEYWORDS: Maghreb. Examines the various measures taken by the military government in Niger to rectify the food crisis. Addresses regional instability and Niger's relations with North Africa. 8104 Painter, Thomas M. "In search of the peasant connection: Spontaneous cooperation, introduced cooperatives, and agricultural development in southwestern Niger." In: Anthropology and Rural Development in West Africa, edited by Michael M. Horowitz and Thomas M. Painter. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1986.197-219 pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Agricultural cooperatives, Peasant society, Family. KEYWORDS: Zarma people; Hausa people; Dosso Department, Niger; peasant participation. Addresses the potential for peasant participation in the cooperatives created by the World Bank in Niger. Analyzes the risks and profits of the local area and concludes that a better understanding of local dynamics was needed before the cooperatives were designed. 8105 Painter, Thomas M. "Surviving in Zigui: Notes on peasants' lives in a plateau village of Western Niger." African Studies Association Papers 28, no. 99 (November 1985): 1-12. SUBJECTS: Peasant society, Agricultural production, Subsistence economy, Labor migration, Commercial agriculture. KEYWORDS: Zigui, Niger. 8106 Raynaut, Claude. "L'Agriculture nigérienne et la crise du Sahel." Politique africaine no. 28 (December 1987): 97-107. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Ecological analysis, Drought, Social change, Traditional society. Contends that Niger has been marred by drought, famine, and dependence on neighboring Nigeria. Argues that Niger's agricultural production is in a state of crisis due to ecological imbalance, soil degradation, and climatic shifts. Analyzes Niger's macroeconomic policy and the effect of modernization. 8107 Roberts, Pepe. "'Rural development' and the rural economy in Niger, 1900-75." In: Rural Development in Tropical Africa, edited by Judith Heyer, Pepe Roberts, and Gavin Williams. New York: St. Martin's, 1981. 193-221 pp. SUBJECTS: Drought, Agricultural production, Peasant economy, Agricultural policy, Food scarcity. 8108 Saunders, Margaret. "Changing land use patterns in Mirria County (Niger Republic)." African Studies Association Papers 25, no. 98 (November 1982): 1-23. SUBJECTS: Land-use policy, Agricultural production, Land tenure system, Population growth, Resource distribution, Urbanization, Livestock production. KEYWORDS: climate; Mirria County, Niger. 8109 Starr, Martha A. "Risk, environment variability and droughtinduced impoverishment: The pastoral economy of central Niger." Africa: Journal of the International African Institute/Revue de l'Institut Africain International 57, no. 1 (1987): 29-50. tables. SUBJECTS: Pastoralism, Livestock production, Environmental degradation, Drought. KEYWORDS: Twareg Kel Dinnik people. Analyzes the impact of the 1970s and 1980s droughts on Twareg pastoralists in central Niger. States that although the droughts affected all the Twareg, it hit the poorest hardest. Claims that the damage to Twareg society is not visible. 8110 Starr, Martha A. Risk, Environmental Variability, and Drought-induced Impoverishment: The Pastoral Economy of Central Niger Boston, Massachusetts: African-American Issues Center, 1986. 26 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Drought, Pastoralism, Economic history,

560

• NIGER/Agriculture

Environmental analysis. KEYWORDS: Twareg Kel Dinnik people. Illustrates the importance of pastoralists' differential abilities to deal with risk in explaining drought-induced impoverishment. Cites the Twareg Kel Dinnik of Niger as an example. 8111 Stewart, Bonnie Ann. "Cooperatives and agricultural development: A case study of the credit and cooperatives union of the Republic of Niger." Journal ofAfrican Studies 11, no. 2 (Summer 1984): 66-73. other docs. SUBJECTS: Agricultural cooperatives, Agricultural marketing, Smallholder agriculture, Credit policy. KEYWORDS: Zinder Department, Niger; UNCC (Union Nigérienne de Crédit et de Coopération). 8112 Stewart, Bonnie Ann. "Government intervention and the commercialization of subsistence food crops in Niger." Journal of African Studies 14, no. 4 (1987/1988): 199-206. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: State intervention, Subsistence farming, Commercial agriculture, Food production. KEYWORDS: OPVN (Office des Produits Vivriers Niger); UNCC (Union Nigérienne de Crédit et de Coopération); BDRN (Banque de Développement de la République du Niger); cereals; Zinder Department, Niger. Studies government enhancement of Zinder agricultural production. Assesses the development of Niger's OPVN. Argues that the OPVN has no flexibility in setting or adjusting the prices of cereals and that the transportation system is inefficient. Contends that traditional traders lack integration into OPVN marketing. 8113 Thomas-Peterhans, Randall. Stratification of Livestock Production and Marketing in the Zinder. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan, 1982.39 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Livestock production, Agricultural marketing, Development planning, Integrated rural development. KEYWORDS: Zinder Department, Niger. 8114 Thomas-Peterhans, Randall S. "Stratification of the production of livestock in the department of Zinder." 4/h'can Studies Association Papers 25, no. 114 (November 1982): 1-23. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Livestock production, Pastoralism, Export policy, Division of labor, Resource distribution, Agricultural marketing, Agricultural technology. KEYWORDS: Zinder Department, Niger. 8115 White, Cynthia. "Food shortages and seasonality in WoDaaBe Communities in Niger." Institute of Development Studies Bulletin 17, no. 3 (July 1986): 19-26. tables. SUBJECTS: Food scarcity, Livestock production, Public health, Rural poverty. KEYWORDS: seasonality; WoDaaBe people; Fulani people. Presents a case study of the Fulani group—the WoDaaBe—from field research done in 1979 and 1983. Examines work patterns, food supplies, cattle sales, cereal prices, men and women's weights, and illness prevalence according to season. Argues that seasonality is only one of the factors that negatively affect WoDaaBe economy. SEE ALSO 120,168,7297,14932, 14936,14961.

Class

Economics

8117 Audette, Raymond. Stockage traditionnel des céréales vivrières en milieu paysan au Niger. Paris: OECD, 1985. 212 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Peasant economy, Price policy, Subsistence economy, Traditional society. KEYWORDS: grain; Sahel Club; CILSS (Comité Permanent InterEtats de Lutte Contre la Sécheresse Sahel). 8118 Hugon, Philippe. "Les Programmes d'ajustement structurel du Niger et l'impact de l'économie nigériane." Afrique contemporaine 155, no. 3 (1990): 23-42. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Economic reform, Financial system, Regional cooperation. KEYWORDS: Nigeria-Niger relations. Examines the two structural adjustment programs instituted in Niger since 1983. Emphasizes structural adjustment's effects on the dynamics of the economy of Niger. Analyzes the desired improvements on the eve of the second program. 8119 Lanne, Bernard. "Régime militaire et société de développement au N i g e r ( 1 9 7 4 - 1 9 8 3 ) . " Afrique contemporaine 125 (January/February 1983): 38-44. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Military government, Coup d'état, Political participation, Economic development. KEYWORDS: Kountche, Seyni. 8120 N u b u k p o , C h r i s t o p h e . "Le C o n c e p t de b a n q u e et d'établissement financier dans les pays de l'UMOA: le cas du Niger." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 41, no. 4 (October/December 1987): 328-344. SUBJECTS: Banking, Financial system, Monetary policy. KEYWORDS: UMOA; CFA monetary area. States that Niger has for the past thirty years been part of the UMOA. Examines the means the Niger government has used to regulate the banking profession. 8121 Raynaut, Claude. "L'Opération de développement et les logiques du changement: la nécessité d'une approche holistique. L'exemple d'un cas nigérien." Genève Afrique/Geneva Africa 27, no. 2 (1989): 7-38. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Social change, Traditional society, Capitalist development. KEYWORDS: Maradi, Niger. Demystifies the global approach to social change and development programs as agents of planned "progress" and foreign intervention into traditional static structures, which is resisted by the local milieu. Claims that such an approach fails to recognize the different logics at work in a complex movement for transformation. 8122 Tinguiri, Kiavi Liman. "Crise économique et ajustement structurel (1982-1988)." Politique africaine no. 38 (June 1990): 76-86. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Economic crisis, Debt crisis, Balance of payments. KEYWORDS: PASEP (Programme d'Ajustement du Secteur des Entreprises Publiques); IMF. Analyzes the economic crisis that warranted the imposition of structural adjustment programs in Niger. Studies public finance deficits, foreign debt, and the balance of payments deficit. Examines the stabilization and structural adjustment policies put in place at both the national and sectoral levels.

8116 Rasmussen, Susan. "Negotiating Tuareg identity: Ethnicity, social class, and national 'memory' in Niger." Journal of Third World Studies 5, no. 2 (Fall 1988): 23-44. SUBJECTS: Ethnicity, Class analysis, Nationalism, Class formation. KEYWORDS: Tuareg people.

Education

SEE ALSO 7306.

SEE ALSO 7318, 7321.

NIGER/General • 561

Environment

8123 Heermans, John G. "The Guesselbodi experiment: Bushland management in Niger." Rural Africana no. 23/24 (Fall 1985/Winter 1986): 67-77. SUBJECTS: Natural resource management, Ecological analysis, Forestry industry, E n v i r o n m e n t a l degradation. KEYWORDS: Guesselbodi National Forest, Niger; Forestry Land Use Planning Project. Summarizes the results of a Niger-US intermediate-scale forestry project and natural resource management plan in the Sahel. Analyzes the project's intention to stop environmental degradation and to rationally exploit forest resources with the assistance of local inputs.

8128 Beaussou, Jean-Jacques. "Genèse d'une classe marchande au Niger: continuité ou rupture dans l'organisation sociale." In: Actes du Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique: XIX et XX siècles, volume 1, edited by Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique, XIX et XX siècles. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1983. 205-220 pp. SUBJECTS: Class formation, Commercial sector, Social change. KEYWORDS: merchant class. 8129 Bellot, Jean-Marc. "Exportation du bétail et politiques nationales: l'exemple des exportateurs de l'Ouest du Niger." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 207/208 (1983): 77-105. tables. ALSO COVERS: West Africa. SUBJECTS: Livestock production, Colonialism, Trade policy, Market system, Regional economics. KEYWORDS: food self-sufficiency.

SEE ALSO 15027.

Foreign Relations

8124 Higgott, Richard A. "Niger." In: The Political Economy of African Foreign Policy: Comparative Analysis, edited by Timothy M. Shaw and Olajide Aluko. Aldershot, UK: Gower, 1984. 165-189 pp. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: International relations, Historical analysis, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: Niger-France relations; OCAMM (Organisation Commune Africaine, Malgache, et Mauricienne). SEE ALSO 15040.

General

8125 Arnould, Eric J. "Merchant capital, simple reproduction, and underdevelopment: Peasant traders in Zinder, Niger Republic." Canadian Journal of African Studies!Revue canadienne des études africaines 20, no. 3 (1986): 323-356. biblio, maps. SUBJECTS: Underdevelopment, Peasant society, Commercial sector, Trade relations, Capitalist development, Case study. KEYWORDS: Zinder Department, Niger; marketplace; traders. Sets out to correct common misperceptions about those who trade across the Niger-Nigeria border. Argues that increased marketing in the region is a sign of a reproduction crisis, which capitalist development has brought on. Addresses the region's class structure and its changes in pastoralism and farming. 8126 Arnould, Eric J. "Process and social formation: Petty commodity producers in Zinder, Niger." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 18, no. 3 (1984): 501-522. biblio. SUBJECTS: Commodity production, Colonialism, Market system, International economic system. KEYWORDS: petty trade; Kadafan Tulu, Niger; Zinder Department, Niger. 8127 Association SCO A pour la Recherche Scientifique, ed. Actes du séminaire de l' Association SCOA: rapport du Moyen Niger avec le Ghana ancien. Paris: Association SCOA, 1984.290 pp. maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Anthropological analysis, Traditional society, Migration. KEYWORDS: Soninke people; Sakye people; Sorko people; SCOA (Société Commerciale de l'Ouest Africain).

8130 Bernus, Edmond. "Continuité et ruptures chez les Illabakan du Niger." Revue du monde musulman et de la Méditerranée 57, no. 3 (1990): 182-188. SUBJECTS: Pastoralism, Social change, Migration. KEYWORDS: Tuareg people; Illabakan people. Examines social changes from 1967 to 1990 among the Illabakan people in Niger. Presents the findings of a researcher who returns to the same people he studied in 1967. Analyzes the cohabitation of Tuaregs and the Illabakan. 8131 Bourgeot, André. "Le Désert quadrillée: des Touregs au Niger." Politique africaine no. 38 (June 1990): 68-75. SUBJECTS: Pastoralism, Policy analysis, State intervention. KEYWORDS: Tuareg people; game reserves. Examines Niger's state policies toward the Tuareg people. Claims that those policies are the result of economic pressures on Niger and of strict wildlife enforcement. Analyzes the politics of water, livestock production, and wildlife reserves. 8132 Grégoire, Emmanuel. "L'Etat doit-il abandonner le commerce des vivres aux marchands?" Politique africaine no. 37 (March 1990): 63-70. ALSO COVERS: Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, State intervention, Self-sufficient economy. KEYWORDS: Hausa people; OPVN (Office des Produits Vivriers du Niger). Studies state policies that promote food self-sufficiency in Niger and Nigeria. Examines the Hausa people, their commercial merchant organization, their commercial network structure in the national and international cereal trades, and their interaction with the state. 8133 Guillemin, Jacques. "Note sur l'évolution de l'organisation administrative territoriale de la République du Niger." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 201/202 (1982): 97-103. SUBJECTS: Local government, Development planning, Regional planning policy. KEYWORDS: district planning. 8134 Lamagat, J. P. Etude des anomolies des crues du Niger: etude réalisée en 1982 avec l'aide du Ministère de la Coopération. Paris: ORSTOM, 1983. 112 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Statistical analysis, Rural planning policy, Water supply. KEYWORDS: Niger River; floods. 8135 Maïnassara, Boureima. Pratiques syndicales et conscience de classes au Niger. Vol. 2 of 2. Niamey, Niger: Imprimerie Nationale du Niger, 1989. 284 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Labor union, Historical analysis, Class analysis, Socioeconomic analysis. KEYWORDS: USTN (Union des Syndicats des Travailleurs du Niger); UGTAN (Union Générale des Travailleurs de l'Afrique Noire); RDA (Rassemblement Démocratique Africain). Discusses the formation and evolution of labor union practices in Niger. Explores the historical factors and socioeconomic causes that

562

• NIGER/General

underlie the labor movement in Niger. Analyzes and explores the class structures and the sociopolitical forces of Niger society. 8136 Nubukpo, K. Christophe. "Les Conseils nationaux de chargeurs des pays en voie de développement: l'exemple du Niger." Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération 41, no. 3 (July/September 1987): 168-184. SUBJECTS : Transportation system, Judicial system, Public sector. KEYWORDS: CNUT (Conseil National des Utilisateurs de Transport Public). Argues that transportation is immensely important to a country's development strategy. Examines the role of the CNUT—Niger's main national transportation organization—and the efficiency of Niger's transportation policy. Assesses the legal jurisdiction of the organization. 8137 Raynaut, Claude. "Aspects of the problem of land concentration in Niger." In: Land and Society in Contemporary Africa, edited by R. E. Downs and S. P. Reyna. Hanover, New Hampshire: University Press of New England, 1988. 221-242 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Urban growth, Resource distribution, Land tenure system. KEYWORDS: land concentration; Maradi Department, Niger. Analyzes the evolution of peasant society in the region of Maradi, Niger. Attributes the unequal accumulation of the factors of production to population growth, the development of commercial exchange, the increasing scarcity of land, continuous soil use, and changes in technical exploitation of the environment. 8138 Séminaire sur les Activités Féminines..., ed. Séminaire sur íes Activités Féminines Génératrices de Revenus dans le Monde Rural, l'Artisanat et la Petite Industrie au Niger, Niamey, 9 au 12 Février 1981. Addis-Ababa, Ethiopia: ECA, 1981. 39 pp. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Rural development, Commercial sector, Agricultural sector. KEYWORDS: artisans. SEE ALSO 3735, 5701, 5869, 7062, 7352, 9027, 9069, 9138, 15095.

8141 Loutan, Louis. "Nutrition amongst a group of Wodaabe (Bororo) pastoralists in Niger." In: Population, Health and Nutrition in the Sahel: Issues in the Welfare of Selected West African Communities, edited by Allan G. Hill. London: KPI, 1985. 208-224 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Nutrition, Pastoralism, Children, Household analysis. KEYWORDS: WoDaabe people.

Industry

8142 Maex, Rudy, and Alan Read. A Comparative Analysis of Local Processing for Exports in Niger and the Ivory Coast. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1982. 124 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Cote d'lvoire. SUBJECTS: Export policy, Local development, Raw materials, Labor force, Industrial development, Foreign exchange, Employment policy. KEYWORDS: agroindustry; small-scale industry; intermediate technology.

Labor

8143 Grégoire, Emmanuel. "Emploi et travail non salarié à Maradi (Niger)." Cahiers des sciences humaines 23, no. 1 (1987): 35-47. tables. SUBJECTS: Employment, Informal sector, Wage policy. KEYWORDS: self-employment; Hausaland; Maradi, Niger. Contends that research carried out in Maradi demonstrates the relation of employment to economic activity, especially in the modern sector and among the salaried class. Describes self-employment as the major form of employment in African towns such as Maradi. Analyzes small-scale market production.

Legal System Health

8139 Raynaut, Claude. "Le Privilège urbain: conditions de vie et santé au Niger." Politique africaine no. 28 (December 1987): 42-52. tables. SUBJECTS: Standard of living, Urban development, Health care policy, Sanitation, Rural-urban relations, Public health. KEYWORDS: urban bias; Maradi, Niger; Niger Ministry of Public Health. Examines urban privilege by assessing the standards of living and health in Niger. Bases its analysis on a Niger Ministry of Public Health study done in 1985. Finds some inequality between conditions in the city and the countryside but argues that the city's improved living conditions do not always lead to physical health.

Household and Family

8140 Baroin, Catherine. Anarchie et cohésion sociale chez le Toubou: les Daza Keserda (Niger). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1985. 455 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Pastoralism, Family, Anthropological analysis, Political analysis, Cultural identity, Marriage. KEYWORDS: Toubou people.

8144 Khalil Diallo, Ibrahima. "L'Introduction de l'article 141 de l'ancien code de procédure civile française en droit positif nigérien." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique no. 793 (January/April 1987): 37-48. SUBJECTS: Law, Legal system, Judicial system. KEYWORDS: Code de Procédure Civile; civil law; positive law. Analyzes the judicial disposition of the former French-inspired Civil Procedure Code and the introduction of Article 141, which appropriated the French law for application within the Nigerien system. Examines the motivation of Niger's state court and sketches the consequences before proposing another method aimed at the same result. 8145 Mouralis, Jean-Louis. "Le Cour d'état, juridiction suprême de la République du Niger." In: Les Cours Suprêmes en Afrique: I, organisation, finalités, procédure, edited by Gérard Conac. Paris: Economica, 1988. 290-306 pp. SUBJECTS: Judicial system, Legal development, Legal system, Constitutional law. KEYWORDS: State Court of Niger. Analyzes the legal development of the high-court system of Niger. Examines the replacement of Niger's supreme court by the judicial state court. Explains the organization and role of the state court. SEE ALSO 2306.

N I G E R / P r i v a t e Sector • 5 6 3

Planning and Development

SEE ALSO 3827, 15195.

Politics 8146 Abba, Soulaymane. "La Chefferie traditionnelle en question." Politique africaine no. 38 (June 1990): 51-60. SUBJECTS: Traditional political system, Political power. KEYWORDS: PPN (Parti Populaire Nigérien); CMS (Conseil Militaire Suprême). Analyzes the traditional political system against the power structure established and left by the French in Niger. Examines the attitudes of that traditional political structure toward the French, toward later alliances and conflicts with the PPN, and toward relations between the chiefs and the military regime. 8147 Amuwo, Kunle. "Military-inspired anti-bureaucratic corruption campaigns: An appraisal of Niger's experience." The Journal of Modern African Studies 24, no. 2 (June 1986): 285-301. SUBJECTS: C o r r u p t i o n , G o v e r n m e n t analysis, Military g o v e r n m e n t . KEYWORDS: Kountche, Seyni; Niger coup d'état 1974. States that campaigns against corruption have been an enduring feature of Niger's military government. Gives a critical overview of Kountche's efforts to root out public malfeasance. Notes that despite claims that soldiers would be less corrupt, corruption has flourished since the 1974 coup. 8148 du Bois de Gaudusson, Jean. "Chronique des réformes administratives." Année africaine (1983): 107-144. other docs. ALSO COVERS: Burkina Faso, Gabon. SUBJECTS: Government analysis, Traditional political system, Land-use policy, Public administration, Public sector. KEYWORDS: chieftaincy; CDR (Comité de Défense de la Révolution).

8152 Raynaut, Claude. "Trente ans d'indépendance repères et tendances." Politique africaine no. 38 (June 1990): 3-29. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Political analysis, Military government, Economic policy. KEYWORDS: uranium; Kountche, Seyni; PPN (Parti Populaire Nigérien); Hamani, Diori. Analyzes political evolution and power in Niger since independence. Examines power struggles, the role of the military, the regime of Diori Hamani, the economic situation, and national unity. 8153 Robinson, Pearl T. "Traditional clientage and political change in a Hausa community." In: Transformation and Resiliency in Africa: As Seen by Afro-American Scholars, edited by Pearl T. Robinson and Elliott P. Skinner. Washington, DC: Howard University Press, 1983. 105-128 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic relations, Political development, Traditional authority. KEYWORDS : Hausa people; patron-client relations; Marafa, Moussa; Tibiri, Niger. 8154 Souley, Abdoulaye Niandou. "L'Armée et le pouvoir." Politique africaine no. 38 (June 1990): 40-50. SUBJECTS: Military government, Political power, Coup d'état. KEYWORDS: CMS (Conseil Militaire Suprême); MNSD (Mouvement National pour la Société et le Développement). Studies the role of the military in the politics of Niger. Examines both the military-civilian partnership in managing political affairs and political management directly by the military. 8155 Souley, Abdoulaye Niandou. "Le Niger après Seyni Kountche." Année africaine 34 (1989): 243-276. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Libya. SUBJECTS: Political development, Political parties, Military government, Executive power, Diplomatic relations. KEYWORDS: Saïbou, Ali; Kountche, Seyni. Explores the political potential of the presidency of Ali Saïbou in Niger. Covers aspects of Saïbou ' s rise to power, his continuation of Kountché's attempt to foster institutional and political evolution, his economic policy, and his willingness to use force as president. Discusses the role of the military in Niger's government and examines the recent evolution of Niger's relationship with Libya. SEE ALSO 3003, 7371, 9844.

8149 Grégoire, Emmanuel. "Le Fait économique haoussa." Politique africaine no. 38 (June 1990): 61-67. SUBJECTS: Commercial sector, State intervention, Liberalism. KEYWORDS: Hausa people; Nigeria-Niger relations. Examines the significant economic role played by the Hausas as it is recognized by the state and by international organizations. Retraces the genesis of Hausa accumulation and the Hausas' relationship with the state and with national politics. 8150 Guillemin, Jacques. "Chefferie traditionelle et administration publique au Niger." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 213/214 (1983): 115-124. SUBJECTS: Traditional authority, Public administration, Traditional society, Development planning, Political stability, Village development. KEYWORDS: chieftaincy. 8151 Raynal, Jean-Jacques. "La Deuxième République du Niger: une démocratie bien ordonnée." Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique no. 804 (October/December 1990): 379-402. SUBJECTS: Democratization, Constitutional reform, Executive power, Military policy. KEYWORDS: Niger Second Republic; CND (Conseil National de Développement); CSON (Conseil Supérieur d'Orientation Nationale). Analyzes the reorganization and democratic reorientation of Niger's government since the promulgation of a new constitution in 1989, which marks the beginning of the Second Republic. Examines the foundations of the new regime, the presidential monocentrism, and the emphasis of other political powers in Niger.

Population

8156 Direction de la Statistique et de l'Informatique, Niger. Estimations de quelques paramètres démographiques et projections de la population du Niger de 1977 à l'an 2000. Niamey, Niger: Direction de la Statistique et de l'Informatique, 1985.16 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Statistical analysis, Population growth, Fertility, Mortality rate. KEYWORDS: planning ministry, Niger. 8157 Roset-Cazenave, Maïté. "Niger." In: L'Evaluation des effectifs de la population des pays africains, vol. 1, edited by Groupe Démographie Africain. Paris: Groupe Démographie Africain, 1982. 189-204 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Demographic analysis, Population growth. KEYWORDS: census.

Private Sector

8158 Bellot, Jean-Marc. "Commerce, commerçants du bétail et intégration régionale: l'exemple de l'Ouest du Niger." In: Actes du Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique: XIX et XX siècles,

5 6 4 • N I G E R / P r i v a t e Sector volume 1, edited by Colloque Entreprises et Entrepreneurs en Afrique, XIX et XX siècles. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1983. 181-204 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Commercial sector, Marketing, Livestock production, Informal sector. KEYWORDS: regional trade.

Regionalism/Nationalism

8159 Arnould, Eric J. "Evaluating regional economic development: Results of a marketing systems analysis in Zinder Province, Niger Republic." The Journal ofDeveloping Areas 19, no. 2 (January 1985): 209-244. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Regional development, Market system, Regional planning policy, State-owned enterprise, Standard of living. KEYWORDS: marketplace; Zinder Department, Niger. 8160 Robinson, Pearl J. "Playing the Arab card: Niger and Chad's ambivalent relations with Libya." In: African Security Issues: Sovereignty, Stability and Solidarity, edited by Bruce E. Arlinghaus. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1984. 141-184 pp. ALSO COVERS: Chad, Libya. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic cooperation, Political ideology, Economic integration. KEYWORDS: OAU; FROLINAT (Front de Libération Nationale Tchadienne); OPEC. SEE ALSO 4303.

Religion

8161 Triaud, Jean-Louis. "L'Islam et l'état en République du Niger (première partie)." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 192/193 (1982): 9-26. SUBJECTS: State formation, Religious politics, Traditional society, State power, Islam, Religion. KEYWORDS: Sahel; Hausa people. 8162 Triaud, Jean-Louis. "L'Islam et l'état en République du Niger (suite et fin)." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 194/195 (1982): 35-48. SUBJECTS: Education policy, Coup d'état, Armed forces, Military government, Religion, Islam, Religion.

Rural Development

8163 Frélastre, Georges. "Une Etape i m p o r t a n t e dans le développement rural africain: le Séminaire de Zinder (novembre 1982) et la nouvelle stratégie de la République du Niger." Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 211/212 (1983): 69-106. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Rural planning policy, Peasant society. KEYWORDS: Séminaire de Zinder 1982; Niger Ministry of Rural Development; community participation. 8164 Guillemin, Jacques. "Les Structures de participation paysanne au Niger." In: Les Politiques de l'eau en Afrique: développement agricole et participation paysanne, edited by Gérard Conac, Claudette Savonnet-Guyot, and Françoise Conac. Paris: Economica, 1985.518528 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural cooperatives, Rural planning policy, Socioeconomic analysis, Peasant society. KEYWORDS: Samarya associations; peasant participation.

Urban Development

8165 Dulucq, Spophie. "Les Investissements publics à Niamey (1960-1985)." In: Les Investissements publics dans les villes africaines (1930-1980): habitat et transports, edited by Sophie Dulucq and Odile Goerg. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1989. 113-117 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Public investment, Urban development, Urbanization. Addresses the public investment and the financing policy undertaken for urban development programs in Niamey, Niger. Examines the socioeconomic factors concerning the various sectors subsidized.

Women and Gender

SEE ALSO 13120,13231.

NIGERIA Agriculture

8166 Abalu, G. O. I. "Major rural development issues in Nigeria." In: Issues on Development: Proceedings of a Seminar Held in Zaria, Nigeria, edited by Akin Fadahunsi, Moses Awogbade, and Are Kolawole. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University, 1985. 5-13 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Food scarcity, Agricultural production, Self-sufficient economy, Poverty, Rural development. KEYWORDS: World Bank; grain. 8167 Abalu, G. O. I., and B. D'Silva. "Nigeria's food situation: Problems and prospects." In: Rural Underdevelopment in Nigeria, 1900-1980: Department of Political Science Seminar volume two, edited by Okello Oculi. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University,

1985. 35-50 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural marketing, Food policy, Agricultural production. KEYWORDS: grain. 8168 Abalu, G. O. I., Yahaya A. Abdullahi, and Ayesha M. Imam, eds. The Green Revolution in Nigeria. Zaria, Nigeria: Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, 1984. 324 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Green Revolution, Agricultural production, Economic development. 8169 Abalu, G. O. I. 'The Green Revolution strategy in Nigeria: Major economic problems and issues." In: The Green Revolution in Nigeria, edited by George O. I. Abalu, Yahaya Abdullahi, and Ayesha M. Imam. Zaria, Nigeria: Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, 1984. 77-94 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Plantation economy, Agricultural production, Technology transfer, Green Revolution, Peasant economy.

NIGERIA/Agriculture

8170 Abalu, G. O. I., and S. A. Ingawa. "The probable impact of SFEM on Nigeria's agricultural sector." In: The Nigerian Economy under (S)FEM: The Economics of the Foreign Exchange Market in a Developing Economy, edited by J. Attah, M. Kwanashie, and O. Ojowu. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University, 1987. 143-160 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural sector, Trade policy, Trade balance, Cash crop production, Foreign exchange. KEYWORDS: price elasticity; demand elasticity; SFEM (Second-tier Foreign Exchange Market). Postulates the conditions that must exist before the Second-Tier Foreign Exchange Market can have a favorable impact on the balance of agricultural trade. Concludes that the elasticities of export and import demands must be relatively ample for it to have a positive impact. 8171 Abdullahi, Yahaya A. "'New technology' and agricultural development in Nigeria: A socio-political assessment of the Green Revolution strategy." In: Rural Underdevelopment in Nigeria 19001980: Department of Political Science Seminar, volume two, edited by Okello Oculi. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University, 1985. 58-67 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Rural development, Commercial agriculture, Green Revolution, Agricultural technology. 8172 Abdullahi, Yahaya A. "Peasant agriculture and class formation in Nigeria." In: Proceedings of the National Conference on Nigeria since Independence, volume 2, edited by M. O. Kayode and Y. B. Usman. Zaria, Nigeria: Panel on Nigeria since Independence History Project, 1985. 495-514 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Class formation, Smallholder agriculture, Economic dependency, Underdevelopment, Green Revolution. KEYWORDS: Northern Nigerian Marketing Board; Northern Nigerian Development Corporation. 8173 Abdullahi, Yahaya A. "The Nigerian agricultural development process and the small scale farmers." African Studies Association Papers29, no. 1 (October/November 1986): 1-36. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic crisis, Agricultural development, Development policy, Smallholder agriculture, Agricultural technology. KEYWORDS: import-intensive development; RBRDA (River Basin and Rural Development Authorities). Describes the government response to the crisis affecting the agricultural sector in Nigeria. Argues that government investment has not been directed toward the small-scale farmer and so it has worsened living conditions for the people and led to the dilapidation of agriculture and its technology. 8174 Abidogun, Ayo. "A note on the operational framework for agricultural research in Nigeria: Commodity versus ecology." The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies 28, no. 3 (November 1986): 409-414. tables. SUBJECTS: Commodity production, Research and d e v e l o p m e n t , Ecological analysis, Agricultural development, Agricultural research. Contends that despite the reformist zeal of Nigerian agricultural research, the operational framework for agricultural research has not been determined. Asks whether the research institute should concern itself with one exclusive commodity in all ecological zones of the country or with all commodities in one zone. 8175 Abidogun, Ayo. "On the call for private-sector participation in the funding of agricultural research in Nigeria." The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies 27, no. 3 (November 1985): 255-262. tables. SUBJECTS: Private sector, Agricultural development, Private investment, Research and development, Agricultural research. 8176 Abumere, Sylvester I. 'Traditional agricultural systems and staple-food production." In: A Geography of Nigerian Development, edited by J. S. Oguntoyinbo, O. O. Areola, and M. Filani. Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann Nigeria, 1983. 244-261 pp. biblio, tables. SUB-

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JECTS: Food scarcity, Agricultural production, Agrarian economy, Food production. KEYWORDS: staple food production. 8177 Adams, W. M. "Irrigation as hazard: Farmers' responses to the introduction of irrigation in Sokoto, Nigeria." In: Irrigation in Tropical Africa: Problems and Problem Solving, edited by W. M. Adams and A. T. Grove. Cambridge, UK: African Studies Centre, University of Cambridge, 1983.121-130 pp. SUBJECTS: Irrigation, Agricultural development, Land-use policy, Drought. KEYWORDS: Bakolori Irrigation Project; Sokoto State, Nigeria. 8178 Adams, W. M. "Rural protest, land policy and the planning process on the Bakolori project, Nigeria." Africa: Journal of the International African Institute/Revue de l'Institut Africain International 58, no. 3 (1988): 315-336. SUBJECTS: Resistance movement, Land-use policy, Rural planning policy, Land distribution, Irrigation. KEYWORDS: rural protest; Bakolori Irrigation Project. Assesses the impact of the Bakolori Irrigation Project on the population of Northern Nigeria. Discusses local opposition to that government development project. Examines the perceptions, behavior, and performance of planners. Details the exclusion of the local population from the planning process. 8179 Adegbola, A. A., and I. A. Akinbode. "A review of old and current agricultural development schemes in Nigeria: Lessons for future programme designs." In: Agricultural Development in Nigeria, edited by J. A. Adepetu. Ile-Ife, Nigeria: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ife, 1986. l-33pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Green Revolution, Rural development, Land-use policy, Agricultural development. KEYWORDS: Agricultural Development Corporation Project; NAFPP (National Accelerated Food Production Project); Nigerian national development plans; ADC (Agricultural Development Corporation). Argues that agricultural development should be the basis for socioeconomic development. Evaluates the extent to which agricultural programs have originated from the perceived needs and ideas of communities. Covers the period from colonial administration to the 1980s. Provides recommendations for future agricultural development strategies. 8180 Adekanye, Tomilayo O. "Food market development: Some considerations from Nigeria." Journal of African Studies 12, no. 1 (Spring 1985): 14-18. SUBJECTS: Agricultural marketing, Food scarcity, Food policy. 8181 Adeniyi, E. O. "Land tenure as a socio-cultural factor in rural development in the middle belt of Nigeria." In: Readings in Nigerian Rural Society and Rural Economy, edited by O. Otite and C. Okali. Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann, 1990. 172-184 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Land tenure system, Sociological analysis, Cultural policy, Rural development, Agricultural development. KEYWORDS: middle belt, Nigeria. Examines the land tenure systems in the middle belt of Nigeria. Assesses the effects of the systems on rural development. Identifies two main systems of land tenure: communal ownership of farmland and fiefholds embodying individual family ownership of farmland. Discusses the advantages and disadvantages of both types of systems. 8182 Adepetu, J. A., ed. Agricultural Development in Nigeria: Ife Journal of Agriculture Special Publication. Ibadan, Nigeria: University of Ife, 1986. 147 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Green Revolution, Higher education, Rural development, Food production, Agricultural labor. KEYWORDS: agroindustry; sustainable development. A series of articles on former and current agricultural development schemes in Nigeria, the need for consistency in Nigeria's agricultural development policy, the foundation of sustainable economic development, the impact of higher education on food and agriculture,

566 • NIGERIA/Agriculture and the emergent agricultural industry. 8183 Adesimi, A. A. "Capital formation in traditional agriculture: A case study of farm households in Ondo State of Nigeria." Savings and Development 7, no. 2 (1983): 151-161. tables. SUBJECTS: Capital formation, Agricultural development, Household economy, Policy recommendation, Smallholder agriculture. KEYWORDS: Ondo State, Nigeria. 8184 Adesimi, A. A. "Economic analysis of budgetary decisions of farm families in Ogun State in Nigeria." Savings and Development 6, no. 4 (1982): 393-401. tables. SUBJECTS: Rural population, Household economy, Agricultural production, Budget policy, Smallholder agriculture. KEYWORDS: savings; Ogun State, Nigeria. 8185 Adeyemo, Remi. "Credit as an input in marketing: A study of the nature and use of credit by food marketers in Anambra State of Nigeria." Savings and Development 7, no. 1 (1983): 63-73. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural marketing, Credit policy, Food production. KEYWORDS: Anambra State, Nigeria; Onitsha, Nigeria; marketplace. 8186 Adeyemo, Remy. "Strategies for improving agricultural credit in Nigeria." Savings and Development 6, no. 1 (1982): 85-96. SUBJECTS: Credit policy, Agricultural policy, Agricultural economics. KEYWORDS: National Agricultural Credit Bank; Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme 1977. 8187 Adeyeye, V. A. Health and Nutrition Factors in Labour Productivity amongst Tobacco and Non-tobacco Farmers in Oyo State of Nigeria. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1989.46 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Agricultural labor, Nutrition. KEYWORDS: tobacco; Oyo State, Nigeria. Examines how the nutrition and health statuses of farmers affect farm labor productivity. Compares the nutrition and health statuses of tobacco and nontobacco farmers in Oyo State. 8188 Adeyokunnu, Tomilayo O. Women and Agriculture in Nigeria. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: ECA, 1981.43 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Agricultural extension service, Agricultural labor, Informal sector, Agrarian economy, Technical training. KEYWORDS: Hausa people; Yoruba people; Fulani people; Ibo people; Hausa-Fulani people. 8189 Ajakaiye, M. B. "Agricultural development and the persistence of hunger." In: Issues in Public Sector Management in Nigeria, edited by Isa Hashim. Zaria, Nigeria: Centre for Management Development, 1985.41-49 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Food scarcity, Population growth, Agricultural production, Food scarcity. 8190 Akande, Sulaiman Babatunde, ed. Financing Agriculture in Nigeria. Lagos, Nigeria: Lagos Chamber of Commerce and Industry, 1989. 68 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural economics, Finance policy, International finance, Agricultural production. KEYWORDS: agricultural financing. Explores the problem surrounding agricultural finance in Nigeria. Reviews the state of Nigeria's agriculture since 1970 and looks at various government agricultural production development schemes. Looks at the role of the World Bank in agricultural financing in Nigeria. 8191 Akinbode, Ade. "Export crop production." In: A Geography of Nigerian Development, edited by J. S. Oguntoyinbo, O. O. Areola, and M. Filani. Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann Nigeria, 1983. 262-274 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Export policy, Agricultural production, Agricultural sector. KEYWORDS: rubber; cotton; peanuts; oil palm.

8192 Alao, J. A., and G. A. Ajayi. "The relative importance of sources of credit to peasant farmers." In: Readings in Nigerian Rural Society and Rural Economy, edited by O. Otite and C. Okali. Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann, 1990. 411-425 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Credit policy, Peasant class, Farming system, Agricultural cooperatives. KEYWORDS: WNACC (Western State Agricultural Credit Corporation); Isoya Project. Highlights the existing sources of credit for fanners in Nigeria. Examines the characteristics of these sources of credit with regard to the procedure for granting credit, level of credit provided, rates of interest, and conditions of repayment. Compares the effects of various forms of credit on the agricultural output by farmers. 8193 Andrae, Gunilla, and Bjorn Beckman. "The Nigerian wheat trap." In: World Recession and the Food Crisis in Africa, edited by Peter Lawrence. London: James Currey, 1986. 213-230 pp. SUBJECTS : Self-reliance, Food policy, Underdevelopment, Food production. KEYWORDS: food dependency. Summarizes factors that reinforce food dependence. Emphasizes the role of the working class in defending continued food imports. Discusses preconditions for working class support for disengagement from a food dependent economy. Proposes alternatives to bread, and prospects for food self-sufficiency. 8194 Anikpo, Mark. "Achieving self-sufficiency in African agricultural food production: The case of Nigeria." Africa Today 32, no. 4 (1985): 29-38. tables. SUBJECTS: Food production, Economic development, Military government, Food policy, Agricultural technology, Green Revolution, Peasant economy. KEYWORDS: Operation Feed the Nation; food self-sufficiency. 8195 Atinmo, Tola, and Taolu Akinyele, eds. Nutrition and Food Policy in Nigeria. Kuru, Nigeria: National Institute for Policy and Strategic Studies, 1983. 447 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Food policy, Food production, Food scarcity, Agricultural technology, Population growth, Forestry industry, Nutrition. 8196 Awogbade, M. O. Livestock Development and Range Use in Nigeria: Proceedings of a Conference Held in Nairobi, Kenya, 4-8 August 1980. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University, 1982. 11 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Livestock production, Pastoralism, Natural resource management, Traditional society. KEYWORDS: traditional livestock production system. 8197 Awogbade, Moses O. Fulani Pastoralism: Jos Case Study. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University Press, 1983.115 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Pastoralism, Social change, Economic interdependence, Livestock production, Historical analysis. KEYWORDS: Fulani people; Gashish District, Nigeria; Jos, Nigeria. 8198 Awogbade, Moses O. Prospects for Settlement of the Pastoral Fulani: The Case Study of Ruma-Kukar-Jangarai, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University, 1982. 134 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Pastoralism, Livestock production. KEYWORDS: Fulani people; Kaduna State, Nigeria; Ruma-KukarJangarai, Nigeria. 8199 Babalola, S. O., and Carolyne Dennis. "Returns to women's labour in cash crop production: Tobacco in Igboho, Oyo State, Nigeria." In: Agriculture, Women, and Land: The African Experience, edited by Jean Davison. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1988. 79-89 pp. SUBJECTS: Commercial agriculture, Political economy studies, Women's economic role, Cash crop production, Gender relations. KEYWORDS: Igboho village, Oyo State, Nigeria; tobacco. Addresses the impact of the introduction of tobacco cultivation on women in one Yoruba community. Focuses on the wives of tobacco farmers and the demands by their husbands on their labor. Argues that

NIG ERI A/Agriculture • 5 6 7 tobacco production has created potential conflicts in Igboho gender relations. 8200 Baker, Kathleen M. Agricultural Change in Nigeria. London: John Murray, 1989. 58 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Irrigation, Agricultural development, Oil industry. KEYWORDS: Kano River Project; Lafia Agricultural Development Project; Risonpalm Project. Examines different types of farming in the major ecological regions of Nigeria and shows how most Nigerians still depend directly on the land. Utilizes as case studies Nigeria's irrigation projects and agricultural development schemes. 8201 Bamisaye, Olajire. "An evaluation of the Operation Feed the Nation policy in Nigeria." The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies 27, no. 1 (March 1985): 75-95. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural policy, Food policy, Agricultural development, Hunger, Agricultural production. KEYWORDS: Operation Feed the Nation. 8202 Bamisaye, Olajire Abiola. "Food crisis and its implication on political transformation of Nigeria since independence." In: Alternative Political Futures for Nigeria, edited by Stephen O. Olugbemi. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Political Science Association, 1987.453-460 pp. SUBJECTS: Food scarcity, Agricultural production, Political change, Basic needs. KEYWORDS: Maslow, Abraham; food imports. Contends that food is a political weapon. Argues that Nigeria has suffered from a continuing decline in food production due in part to the neglect of the agricultural sector. Identifies the problems surrounding food production and urges Nigeria to work toward achieving self-sufficiency. 8203 Bashir, Ibrahim L. Food Crisis and Government Response in Nigeria: A Critique of the River Basin Authorities. Boston, Massachusetts: African Studies Center, Boston University, 1986. 196 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Food scarcity, Agricultural production, Population growth, Development planning, Food production, Rural-urban migration. KEYWORDS: agricultural income; RBDA (River Basin Development Authorities). Suggests that since the early 1970s the problem of African food shortages has become increasingly dramatic. Examines the measures undertaken by the Nigerian government to cope with the food shortage crisis. Addresses key problems in Nigerian development policies. 8204 Beckman, Bjorn. "Public investment and agrarian transformation in Northern Nigeria." In: State, Oil and Agriculture in Nigeria, edited by Michael Watts. Berkeley, California: Institute of International Studies, University of California at Berkeley, 1987. 110-137 pp. SUBJECTS: Public investment, Agricultural production, Capitalism, Commercial sector, Agrarian reform, Irrigation. KEYWORDS: World Bank; agrarian bourgeoisie. Assesses the trends toward an agrarian bourgeoisie in Nigeria in the 1980s and the effects of that emerging class on agricultural production. Asserts that the state, encouraged by the World Bank, has been emphasizing large-scale agriculture. Stresses the failure of irrigation schemes to subordinate peasant labor. 8205 Bird, A. "The land issue in large scale irrigation projects." In: Irrigation in Tropical Africa: Problems and Problem Solving, edited by W. M. Adams and A. T. Grove. Cambridge, UK: African Studies Centre, University of Cambridge, 1983. 75-85 pp. ALSO COVERS: Africa. SUBJECTS: Irrigation, Land reform, Land tenure system, Land-use policy, Political participation, Resource distribution. KEYWORDS: Land Use Act 1978; rights of occupancy; Nigerian Ministry of Water Resources; RBDA (River Basin Development Authorities). 8206 Bird, Alan. "La Participation des paysans dans l'élaboration et la mise en oeuvre des grands projets de mobilisation des ressources en eau du Nigèria: comparaison du projet de Bakolori et du projet de

Dadin Kowa." In: Les Politiques de l'eau en Afrique: développement agricole et participation paysanne, edited by Gérard Conac, Claudette Savonnet-Guyot, and Françoise Conac. Paris: Economica, 1985.550566 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Water supply, Irrigation, A g r i c u l t u r a l d e v e l o p m e n t , Peasant society, Case study. KEYWORDS: Bakolori Irrigation Project; Dadin Kowa Irrigation Project; dams. 8207 Carter, R. C., M. K. V. Carr, M. G. Kay, and T. L. Wright. "Irrigation manpower planning with special reference to Nigeria." In: Irrigation in Tropical Africa: Problems and Problem Solving, edited by W. M. Adams and A. T. Grove. Cambridge, UK: African Studies Centre, University of Cambridge, 1983.40-49 pp. SUBJECTS: Irrigation, Agricultural development, Water supply, Labor force, Labor market. KEYWORDS: labor planning. 8208 Cissé, Salmana. "Land tenure and development problems in Mali: The case of the Niger delta." In: Population, Health and Nutrition in the Sahel: Issues in the Welfare of Selected West African Communities, edited by Allan G. Hill. London: KPI, 1985. 140-151 pp. ALSO COVERS: Mali. SUBJECTS: Land tenure system, Legislative action, Land distribution. KEYWORDS: Fulani people; Niger River. 8209 Cohen, Ronald. "Adversity and transformation: The Nigerian light at the end of the tunnel." In: Satisfying Africa's Food Needs: Food Production and Commercialization in African Agriculture, edited by Ronald Cohen. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1988. 209-237 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS : Food production, Food policy, Demographic analysis, Smallholder agriculture, Integrated rural development, Irrigation. KEYWORDS: Borno Accelerated Development in Agriculture Program; South Chad Irrigation Project; CBDA (Chad Basin Development Authority). Argues that smallholder farmers alone may not solve Nigeria's food deficit. Commends Nigeria's current policy of mixing large- and small-scale agriculture and banning cheap food imports in order to help rural populations develop commercial production for local food needs in a protected environment. 8210 Coleman, Gilroy. Labour Data Collection in African Traditional Agricultural Systems: A Methodological Review and Examination of Some Nigerian Data. Norwich, UK: University of East Anglia, 1982.47 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Laborforce, Agricultural development, Statistical analysis, Agricultural sector. 8211 Dent, D., and J. Aitken. "Soil survey for irrigation: A case study of Bacita Estate, Nigeria." In: Irrigation in Tropical Africa: Problems and Problem Solving, edited by W. M. Adams and A. T. Grove. Cambridge, UK: African Studies Centre, University of Cambridge, 1983. 27-39 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Irrigation, Agricultural development, Water supply, Ecological analysis. KEYWORDS: soil analysis; Bacita Estate, Nigeria; Kwara State, Nigeria. 8212 Dickie, Anthea. Group Farming in North West Nigeria: A Report. Reading, UK: University of Reading, 1981. 159 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural cooperatives, Agricultural development, Rural development, Farming system. KEYWORDS: Hausaland. 8213 Dorosh, Paul, and Bola Akanji. Impacts of Exchange Rate Changes on the Cocoa-Food Crop Farming Systems of Southwest Nigeria. Ibadan, Nigeria: International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, 1988. 53 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Cash crop production, Farming system, Monetary exchange, Trade policy, Food production. KEYWORDS: cocoa; Oyo State, Nigeria; exchange rate; Western Nigeria; IITA (International Institute of Tropical Agriculture). Presents the results of the 1987 IITA crops survey of Oyo State. Discusses the ways that marcroeconomics and trade policies have influenced the pricing of cocoa and food crops in the region. Explores

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NIGERIA/Agriculture

why farmers in the region are pulling away from cocoa to grow more food crops and studies the impact this will have on development. 8214 Dunmoye, Ayo. "The greening of capitalist agriculture in Nigeria." Ufahamu 12, no. 1 (Fall 1982): 123-151. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Rural development, Agricultural policy, Commercial agriculture, Integrated rural development, Green Revolution. 8215 Dunmoye, R. Ayo. "Agriculture and economic growth with special reference to the developing countries: A survey of relevant theories." In: Nigerian Alternatives, edited by Okello Oculi. Zaria, Nigeria: Gaskiya, 1987.145-197 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Africa. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Economic growth rate, Development theory, Colonialism, Green Revolution, Integrated rural development. KEYWORDS: neoclassical economic theory. Reviews theories regarding the role of agriculture in development. Argues that different rural systems possess different "inherent potentials" for development. Recommends fertilizers, the development of indigenous technologies, land reform, better credit policies, extension, and marketing. 8216 Ega, L. Alegwu. "Land tenure as a 'constraint' on agricultural development in Nigeria." In: Achieving Even Development in Nigeria: Problems and Prospects, edited by E. J. Nwosu. Enugu, Nigeria: Fourth Dimension, 1985. 229-239 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Land tenure system, Agricultural production. KEYWORDS: Land Use Act 1978; Nigerian Federal Military Government. 8217 Egg, Johny. "Crise financière et dépendance alimentaire: réflexions à partir du cas du Nigeria." In: Nourrir les villes en Afrique sub-saharienne, edited by N. Bricas, G. Courade, J. Coussy, and Ph. Hugon. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1985. 347-356 pp. SUBJECTS: Food policy, Rural-urban relations, Agricultural development, Economic crisis. KEYWORDS: food imports. 8218 Ekpo, Akpan. "Food dependency and the Nigerian economy: An ex-post analysis, 1960-80." The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies 28, no. 2 (July 1986): 257-273. tables. SUBJECTS: Import policy, Food policy, Self-sufficient economy, Self-sufficient economy, Agricultural sector. KEYWORDS: food imports. Estimates that the Nigerian economy became a dependent food economy in 1975. Establishes the magnitude of the dependency and addresses the effectiveness of government policy in arresting the situation. Concludes that vast areas of fertile land and human resources still remain untapped and should be used properly. 8219 Ekuerhare, B. U. 'Theoretical framework for the economic appraisal of the Green Revolution in Nigeria." In: The Green Revolution in Nigeria, edited by George O. I. Abulu, Yahaya Abdullahi, and Ayesha M. Imam. Zaria, Nigeria: Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, 1984. 95-106 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Green Revolution, Economic development, Agricultural development, Economic theory. KEYWORDS: Nigerian national development plans.

tural production, Industrial sector, Research and development, Agricultural sector. KEYWORDS: agricultural mechanization; agroindustry. Discusses the agro-allied industries and the pattern of accumulation in the industrial subsector. Provides statistics confirming the urgent challenges of agricultural development with regard to mechanization, irrigation, and biological inputs. 8222 Fadahunsi, Akin, Moses Awogbade, and Are Kolawole, eds. Issues on Development: Proceedings of a Seminar Held in Zaria, Nigeria, 21-22 January 1982. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University, 1985.114 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Irrigation, Agricultural production, Rural development, Technology transfer, Education policy, Infrastructure, Underdevelopment. KEYWORDS: capital intensive. 8223 Falusi, Abiodun O. "Agricultural development: Operation Feed the Nation." In: Survey of Nigerian Affairs 1976-1977, edited by Oyeleye Oyediran. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 1981. 55-68 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, National development, Agricultural policy, Farming system. KEYWORDS: Operation Feed the Nation. 8224 Fatele, J. A., and J. Oluwole Oyebanji. "The Bacita sugar industry in Nigeria: A case study in the socio-economic impact of an agro-based industry." The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies 25, no. 3 (November 1983): 351-360. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Agrarian economy, Agricultural development, Socioeconomic analysis. KEYWORDS: sugar. 8225 Ferdnance, T. "The process of modernizing hunger in Nigeria." In: The Green Revolution in Nigeria, edited by George O. I. Abalu, Yahaya Abdullahi, and Ayesha M. Imam. Zaria, Nigeria: Institute for Agricultural Research, 1984. 213-228 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Capitalist economy, Hunger, Green Revolution, Models. 8226 Flinn, F. C., and Paul Zuckerman. "Production, income and expenditure patterns of Yoruba smallholders." Africa: Journal of the International African Institute!Revue de I'Institut Africain International 51, no. 4 (1981): 825-835. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Income distribution, Private investment, Agrarian economy, Agricultural development. KEYWORDS: Yoruba people. 8227 Folayan, Adekunle. Agriculture and Economic Development in Nigeria: A Prescription for the Nigerian Green Revolution. Vol. 1. New York: Vantage, 1983. 276 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Research and development, Agricultural production, Green Revolution, Urbanization, Land reform, Infrastructure, Urbanization. 8228 Forrest, Tom. "Agricultural policies in Nigeria, 1900-1978." In: Rural Development in Tropical Africa, edited by Judith Heyer, Pepe Roberts, and Gavin Williams. New York: St. Martin's, 1981. 222-258 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Government expenditure, Agricultural production, Rural development, Peasant economy, Agricultural policy. KEYWORDS: cotton.

8220 Enyinna, Chuta. A Preliminary Appraisal of Rural Industrialisation Policies and Programmes in Nigeria. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1981. 67 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Small business, Rural development, Agricultural sector, Fiscal policy, Taxation policy, Export policy, Agricultural policy. KEYWORDS: cottage industry; rural industrialization.

8229 Forrest, Tom. "Agricultural policy in Nigeria: 1900-1978." In: Rural Underdevelopment in Nigeria 1900-1980: Department of Political Science Seminar volume two, edited by Okello Oculi. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University, 1985. 1-20 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural policy, Peasant economy, Agricultural production, Agricultural development, Plantation economy, Subsistence farming, Cash crop production.

8221 Fadahunsi, Akin. "Agricultural machines, equipment and other agro-based industries." In: Capital Goods, Technological Change and Accumulation in Nigeria, edited by Akin Fadahunsi and B.U.N. Igwe. London: CODESRIA, 1989. 36-75 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricul-

8230 Gunwa, Grace A. "The role of home economics extension in a national Green Revolution programme." In: The Green Revolution in Nigeria, edited by George O. I. Abalu, Yahaya Abdullahi, and Ayesha M. Imam. Zaria, Nigeria: Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu

NIGERIA/Agriculture Bello University, 1984. 209-212 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural sector, Economic development, Marketing, Green Revolution, Nutrition. 8231 Hartmans, Ermond H. Prospects for Nigerian Agriculture. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1984. 10 pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Food policy. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Federal Military Government; Operation Feed the Nation. 8232 Hunt, Doug, and Brian D'Silva. "Go and Stop" Agricultural Development in Nigeria: Prospects for the Fourth Plan Period (1981 1985). Washington, DC: US Department of Agriculture, 1982.31 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Oil industry, Agricultural development, Development planning, Green Revolution. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Fourth National Development Plan 19811985. 8233 Idachaba, F. S. 'The political economy of Nigeria's Green Revolution programme." In: The Nigerian Economy: A Political Economy Approach, edited by the Nigerian Economic Society. London: Longman, 1986. 87-110 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Green Revolution, Political economy studies, Agricultural production. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Green Revolution Programme 1976; Operation Feed the Nation; Food Strategies Mission; NCGR (National Council on the Green Revolution). Analyzes the Green Revolution program through a study of its historical underpinnings, stated objectives, and progress. Concludes with recommendations for its future development. 8234 Igben, M. S. "Population growth, land tenure and food production." In: Population and Development in Nigeria, edited by I. O. Orubuloye and O. Y. Oyeneye. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1983. 123-137 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Population growth, Agricultural production, Land tenure system, Food production. 8235 Igbozurike, Martin. "Nigeria's agricultural development issues in the 80s and 90s." In: Issues on Development Proceedings of a Seminar Held in Zaria, Nigeria, edited by Akin Fadahunsi, Moses Awogbade, and Are Kolawole. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University, 1985. 37-43 pp. SUBJECTS: Marketing boards, Colonialism, Hunger, Class analysis, Self-sufficient economy, Food policy. KEYWORDS: Operation Feed the Nation; New International Economic Order. 8236 Ihimodu, 1.1. "The financing of co-operative food marketing and distribution in the Green Revolution Programme in Nigeria." Savings and Development 9, no. 1 (1985): 79-91. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural cooperatives, Agricultural marketing, Green Revolution, Development financing, Food production. KEYWORDS: Kwara State, Nigeria. 8237 Ihimodu, Ifeyori. "Food crisis in Nigeria." African Social Research 34 (December 1982): 263-276. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Food scarcity, Economic planning. KEYWORDS: Operation Feed the Nation. 8238 Ijere, Martin O. New Perspectives in Financing Nigerian Agriculture. Enugu, Nigeria: Fourth Dimension, 1986. 130 pp. SUBJECTS: Smallholder agriculture, Agricultural cooperatives, Rural development, Credit policy, Development financing. KEYWORDS: NACCS (National Agricultural Cooperative Credit Scheme for Small Scale Farmers); NACB (Nigerian Agricultural and Cooperative Bank); NACCUN (National Association of Cooperative Credit Union of Nigeria). Urges that development financing of agriculture in Nigeria include small-scale farmers, who often get left behind. Explores how

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credit policies can be better geared toward this group of people and how the government can develop and implement such plans. 8239 Iyegha, David A. Agricultural Crisis in Africa: The Nigerian Experience. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1988. 246 pp. biblio, tables, maps, other docs. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Research methodology, Development policy, Export market, Rural-urban migration, Food scarcity, Agricultural policy. KEYWORDS: Sokoto State, Nigeria; Ondo State, Nigeria. Examines the underlying causes of the agricultural crisis in Nigeria. Presents a thorough cause-effect analysis of the broad economic, political, and social factors that have led to the present state of affairs in the agricultural sector. Offers suggestions for improving agricultural development policies. 8240 Jackson, Cecile. Women's Roles and Gender Differences in Development: The Kano River Project. Hartford, Connecticut: Kumarian, 1985. 66 pp. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Women's economic role, Food production, Islam, Livestock production. KEYWORDS: Hausa people; Kano River Project; Yan Tomo people; Dogon Dagi, Nigeria; Maguzawa Hausa people. 8241 Keith, Robert. "Development of agro-indusries in the current economic crisis." In: Banks and the Nigerian Economy, edited by Femi Adekanye. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Bankers, 1984.63-91 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Agricultural development, Commercial agriculture. KEYWORDS: agroindustry. 8242 King, Roger. "Cooperative policy and village development in Northern Nigeria." In: Rural Development in Tropical Africa, edited by Judith Heyer, Pepe Roberts, and Gavin Williams. New York: St. Martin's, 1981. 259-280 pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural marketing, Agricultural production, Rural development, Peasant economy, Case study. KEYWORDS: credit associations; Shonono village, Nigeria; Gar village, Nigeria; Gwarzo village, Nigeria. 8243 Kungwai, Ntiem. "The agrarian crisis in Nigeria today." In: Rural Underdevelopment in Nigeria 1900-1980: Department of Political Science Seminar volume two, edited by Okello Oculi. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University, 1985. 68-80 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural sector, Peasant economy, Food policy, Hunger, Urbanization. 8244 Ladipo, Rigobert Oladiran. "Nigeria and the Ivory Coast: Commercial and export crops since 1960." In: African Agriculture: The Critical Choices, edited by Hamid Ait Amara and Bernard FounouTchuigoua. Toyko, Japan: UN University Press, 1990. 100-120 pp. ALSO COVERS: Cote d'lvoire. SUBJECTS: Commercial agriculture, Cash crop production, Export policy. KEYWORDS: cocoa; palm oil; cotton; peanuts; sugar. Reviews agricultural production trends in Nigeria and in Cote d'lvoire across a range of crops, including cocoa, palm kernels, palm oil, cotton, groundnuts, rubber, sugar, coffee, bananas, and pineapples. Addresses those two nations' agricultural development strategies in land, labor, technology, and state intervention. 8245 Laogun, E. A. "Family labour productivity and incomes of subsistence farmers: A case study of three Yoruba villages in Nigeria." African Studies Association Papers 28, no. 68 (November 1985): 1-10. tables. SUBJECTS: Household economy, Division of labor, Agricultural production, Subsistence farming, Women's studies, Industrialization, Consumption pattern. KEYWORDS: Yoruba people; polygyny. 8246 Libura, J. K., E. C. Nwagbo, and K. O. Agori-Iwe. Marketing of Groundnuts by Farmers in the Major Groundnut-Production Areas of Nigeria. Zaria, Nigeria: Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, 1986.46 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS:

570 • NIGER! A/Agri cui ture Agricultural production, Agricultural marketing. KEYWORDS: peanuts. Discusses the extent to which the existing marketing system for groundnuts has hindered groundnut production and expansion. Concludes that the marketing process is traditional but that only some of its components constrain the expansion of production; elaborates the constraints.

8253 Njoku, J. E. "Review of agricultural price policy in the context of the Green Revolution in Nigeria." In: The Green Revolution in Nigeria, edited by George O. I. Abalu, Yahaya Abdullahi, and Ayesha M. Imam. Zaria, Nigeria: Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, 1984. 1-75 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural sector, Economic development, Agricultural economics, Price policy, Green Revolution.

8247 Mabawonku, Adewale F., and Masao Yoshida. The Organizational and Social Adjustment of Nigerian Small Farmers to the Adoption of Improved Seed Varieties and Technology. Tokyo, Japan: Institute of Developing Economies, 1990.146 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Smallholder agriculture, Green Revolution, Agricultural technology, Technology transfer, Farming system, Land tenure system. KEYWORDS: high-yield seed varieties; Lower Niger River Basin and Rural Development Authority; tractors; cassava; agroprocessing. A survey of the organizational and social problems accompanying the introduction of high-yield varieties of seeds in Nigeria. Describes the characteristics of Nigerian farming, its attendent problems, and the need for research. Cites the reasons for technology transfer failure in the Lower Niger River Basin.

8254 Norman, D. W., H. Sigwele, and D. Baker. "Reflections on two decades of research on sorghum-based farming systems in Northern Nigeria and Botswana." In: Southern Africa: Food Security Policy Options, edited by Mandivamba Rukini and Richard H. Bernstein. Harare, Zimbabwe: University of Zimbabwe, 1988. 235-254 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Botswana. SUBJECTS: Food policy, Food production, Resource distribution. KEYWORDS: sorghum; farming systems research. Compares farming circumstances and sorghum production systems in Northern Nigeria and Botswana and discusses the changes in research approaches that occurred during the previous twenty years. Proposes a complementarity between microlevel fanning systems work and macrolevel policy analysis in efforts to attain improved food security.

8248 Mabbs-Zeno, Carl C. "Encouraging foreign investment in Nigerian agriculture." African Studies Association Papers 28, no. 74 (November 1985): 1-12. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Agricultural production, Private investment, Agricultural development, Land-use policy, Foreign investment, Food production. KEYWORDS: JACC (Joint Agricultural Consultative Committee); rural land sales. 8249 Matlon, Peter. "Structure of production and rural income in Northern Nigeria: Results of three village case studies." In: The Political Economy of Income Distribution in Nigeria, edited by Henry Bienen and V. P. Diejomaoh. New York: Holmes and Meier, 1981. 323-372 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Rural population, Agricultural production, Household economy, Agricultural development, Land tenure system. KEYWORDS: Hausaland; Kano State, Nigeria; rural income. 8250 Meagher, Kate. "Institutionalizing the bio-revolution: Implications for Nigerian smallholders." The Journal of Peasant Studies 18, no. 1 (October 1990): 68-89. SUBJECTS: Agricultural research, Smallholder agriculture, Agricultural policy. KEYWORDS: biorevolution; biotechnology. Discusses the impact of the new biorevolution on smallholding farmers. Notes that the new biotechnology is dominated by the private research sector and strict patent protection, that is, by market forces that encourage its application in large-scale farming and prevent its application on small farms. 8251 Mensah, S. N. A. "SFEM and project selection in Nigerian agriculture." In: The Nigerian Economy under (S)FEM: The Economics of the Foreign Exchange Market in a Developing Economy, edited by J. Attah, M. Kwanashie, and O. Ojowu. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University, 1987. 161-171 pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Centrally planned economy, Privatization, Structural adjustment, Marketing boards. KEYWORDS: SFEM (Second-Tier Foreign Exchange Market). Assesses the effect of second-tier foreign market strategy on agricultural development in Nigeria. Contends that there is an inherent contradiction between agriculturaiyrural development and SFEM. 8252 Mortimore, Michael. "Livestock production." In: A Geography of Nigerian Development, edited by J. S. Oguntoyinbo, O. O. Areola, and M. Filani. Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann, 1983. 275-295 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural sector, Livestock production. KEYWORDS: grazing land policy.

8255 Norman, David W., Emmy B. Simmons, and Henry M. Hays. Farming Systems in the Nigerian Savanna: Research and Strategies for Development. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1982.275 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Technology transfer, Research and development, Farming system. KEYWORDS: Zaria, Nigeria; Northern Nigeria; farming systems research. 8256 Nzimiro, I. "The Green Revolution strategy in Nigeria: Major social and political issues." In: The Green Revolution in Nigeria, edited by George O. I. Abalu, Yahaya Abdullahi, and Ayesha M. Imam. Zaria, Nigeria: Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, 1984.229-282 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Commercial a g r i c u l t u r e , Class a n a l y s i s , A g r i c u l t u r a l d e v e l o p m e n t , Neocolonialism, Green Revolution, Plantation economy, Peasant economy. KEYWORDS: Operation Feed the Nation. 8257 Nzimiro, Ikenna. Green Revolution in Nigeria or Modernization of Hunger. Oguta, Nigeria: Zim Pan, 1985. 102 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural cooperatives, Hunger, Peasant class, Green Revolution, Military government, Export policy, Rural development. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Second Republic 1979-1983. 8258 Oberländer, Peter H., ed. Land, Its Role in Squatter Communities in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Vancouver, British Columbia: University of British Columbia, 1982. 65 pp. ALSO COVERS: Gabon, Burundi. SUBJECTS: Land tenure system, Squatter community, Housing, Land distribution, Resettlement. KEYWORDS: settlement pattern. 8259 Oculi,Okello. "Dependent food policy in Nigeria: 1975-1979." In: Rural Underdevelopment in Nigeria 1900-1980: Department of Political Science Seminar volume two, edited by Okello Oculi. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University, 1985. 21-34 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural sector, Food policy, Self-sufficient economy, Economic dependency. KEYWORDS: agricultural mechanization. 8260 Oculi, Okello. "Drought in Nigerian agricultural policy 19601983." In: Nigeria: A Republic in Ruins, edited by Siddique Mohammed and Tony Edoh. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University, 1986. 238-253 pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural policy, Export economy, Import policy, Food scarcity, Drought. KEYWORDS: rice; Operation Feed the Nation; cocoa; palm oil. A class analysis of Nigeria's food and agricultural policies beginning in the colonial era. 8261 Oculi, Okello. "Green capitalism in Nigeria." In: The African

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Bourgeoisie: Capitalist Development in Nigeria, Kenya, and the Ivory Coast, edited by Paul M. Lubeck. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1987. 167-184 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Corruption, Agricultural policy, Transnational corporations, Peasant society, Green Revolution. KEYWORDS: World Bank; Shagari, Shehu. Offers a critique of the Green Revolution as it was institutionalized by the Shagari administration. States that it undermined peasant agriculture, enriched international firms and advisers for the World Bank, and fed the overseas bank accounts of the Nigerian political elite. 8262 Oculi, Okello, ed. Rural Underdevelopment in Nigeria 19001980: Department ofPolitical Science Seminar. Vol. 2. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University Department of Political Science, 1985.102 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Rural development, Food policy, Agricultural production, Green Revolution, Underdevelopment.

8267 Okali, C., and K. Cassaday. Community Response to a Pilot Farming Project in Nigeria. Boston, Massachusetts: AfricanAmerican Issues Center, 1985.28 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural technology, Livestock production, Division of labor, Demographic analysis, Agricultural labor. KEYWORDS: alley farming; ILCA (International Livestock Centre for Africa). 8268 Okali, C., and J. E. Sumberg. "Sheep and goats, men and women: Household relations and small ruminant productions in southwest Nigeria." In: Understanding Africa's Rural Households and Farming Systems, edited by Joyce Lewinger Moock. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1986.166-181 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural sector, Women's economic role, Livestock production, Rural development, Division of labor. KEYWORDS: ILCA (International Livestock Centre for Africa). Discusses ways to increase the viability of small-scale sheep and goat production. Confronts highly focused issues requiring specific technical solutions and explores more diffuse issues relating to the link between small ruminants and other components of the farming system.

8263 Ogbonna, D. O. "Green Revolution for whom? Some comments on the political economy of the Green Revolution technology in Nigeria." In: The Green Revolution in Nigeria, edited by George O. I. Abalu, Yahaya Abdullahi, and Ayesha M. Imam. Zaria, Nigeria: Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, 1984. 283-291 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Green Revolution, Agricultural production, Agricultural technology, Food production.

8269 Okereke, Okoro, ed. Co-operatives and the Nigerian Economy. Nsukka, Nigeria: University of Nigeria Press, 1986. 256 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Cooperatives, Agricultural development, Marketing, Agricultural cooperatives. KEYWORDS: Kano State, Nigeria; rice.

8264 Ogunbiyi, Akin, and O. Ayinde Orafidiya. "Prospects of livestock insurance in Nigeria." Savings and Development 12, no. 4 (1988): 391-402. tables. SUBJECTS: Livestock production, Agricultural policy. KEYWORDS: insurance industry. Insists that farmers need insurance against the risks of livestock production. Shows that premiums are best based on livestock mortality. Argues that such insurance will aid reliability in production and farmer income. Recommends an insurance agency to collect reliable data for premiums.

8270 Okigbo, Bede N. "The need for consistency in Nigeria's agricultural development policy and programmes." In: Agricultural Development in Nigeria, edited by J. A. Adepetu. Ile-Ife, Nigeria: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ile-Ife, 1986. 35-70 pp. SUBJECTS: Food policy, Agricultural production, Green Revolution, Agricultural development. KEYWORDS: Nigerian national development plans. Discusses the role played by agricultural development in the economy of developing nations. Examines Nigeria's agricultural development policies and the problems leading up to the food crisis in Nigeria. Makes recommendations for improved agricultural development strategies.

8265 Ogunlela, V. B., A. M. Emechebe, and B. O. Echegbu, eds. Towards Increased Cotton Production in Nigeria: Proceedings of the First National Symposium on Cotton Production, Samaru-Zaria, 5-7 May, 1982. Zaria, Nigeria: Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, 1989. 137 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Agricultural marketing, Agricultural policy, Irrigation. KEYWORDS: cotton; GADP (Gusau Agricultural Development Project). Focuses on cotton production in Nigeria. Describes government strategies and policies for increasing cotton production during the 1980s. Examines the role of extension in improving cotton production in Nigeria. Analyzes the impact of irrigation on increased cotton production. Examines the role of agricultural development projects in cotton production in Nigeria. Highlights the significance of cottonpest control on cotton production. 8266 Ohiorhenuan, Lily A. Nutritional Concerns in Agricultural Research in Nigeria. Morrilton, Arkansas: Winrock International Institute for Agricultural Development, 1989. 23 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural sector, Nutrition, Food policy, Appropriate technology, Agricultural research. KEYWORDS: NRCRI (National Root Crops Research Institute); IITA (International Institute of Tropical Agriculture); IAR&T (Institute for Agricultural Research and Training). Reviews the literature on nutrition in agricultural research and examines the research programs of three agricultural research institutes in Nigeria. Focuses on the reasons why traditional agricultural research has had little success in alleviating malnutrition in developing countries. Evaluates the progress of the Nigerian-based research institutes in adapting their research programs to include explicit consideration of nutritional concerns and objectives.

8271 Okorie, Aja. "Major determinants of agricultural smallholder loan repayment in a developing economy: Empirical evidence from Ondo State, Nigeria." Savings and Development 10, no. 1 (1986): 89-99. tables. SUBJECTS: Smallholder agriculture, Credit policy, Agricultural policy. KEYWORDS: Ondo State, Nigeria; Ondo State Agricultural Credit Corporation. Describes low repayment rates as a major problem in loaning to smallholder farmers. Notes that empirical studies on reasons for defaulting are few and so examines loan repayment determinants in Nigeria. Concludes that these were the nature and time of disbursement, number of supervisory visits, and profitabilty. 8272 Okorie, Aja, and Martin O. Ijere, eds. Nigerian Agricultural Outlook (with Special Reference to Budgets). Enugu, Nigeria: Nigerian Association of Agricultural Economists, 1986. 148 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural marketing, Economic development, Credit policy, Cooperatives, Agricultural development. A series of papers presented at the Nigerian Association of Agricultural Economists regarding the position of agriculture in the Nigerian budget, agricultural marketing, credit policies, cooperatives, agricultural resource management, and agricultural development strategies. 8273 Okuneye, P. A. Means of Achieving a Faster Agricultural Production in Nigeria. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1985.78 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Marketing boards, Agricultural development, Green Revolution, Agricultural cooperatives. KEYWORDS: traditional agriculture; Land Use Act 1977; Operation Feed the Nation. 8274 Okuneye, P. Adebola. The Effectiveness of Collective Farming

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Programmes in Africa. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1985. 83 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania, Zambia. SUBJECTS: Agricultural cooperatives, Resettlement, Agricultural development. KEYWORDS: WNFSS (Western Nigeria Farm Settlement Scheme); NAPL (Niger Agricultural Project Limited).

research and rural development. Argues that the Nigerian government should allocate more funds to agricultural research facilities in order to reverse the current decline in food production. Uses the US model of land-grant colleges to demonstrate the potential changes that could be adopted in efforts to increase food production and dissemination of academic research.

8275 Okunye, P. A., and M. S. Igben. Cassava Production under Co-operative and Non-cooperative Peasant Production Systems: A Comparative Analysis. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1981. 68 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Agricultural cooperatives, Peasant economy, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: cassava; peasant associations.

8283 Omotola, J. A. Law and Land Rights : Whither Nigeria? Lagos, Nigeria: University of Lagos, 1988. 38 pp. SUBJECTS: Land tenure system, Land distribution, Land use policy, Economic development. KEYWORDS: federal-state relations; Land Use Act 1977. Describes the 1977 Land Use Act and assesses its impact from 1977 to 1988. Proposes changes in the act to strengthen it.

8276 Olatunbosun, D. "Western Nigerian farm settlements: An appraisal." In: Readings in Nigerian Rural Society and Rural Economy, edited by O. Otite and C. Okali. Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann, 1990. 426-436 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Farming system, Agricultural sector, Food production. KEYWORDS: Western Nigeria; Mokwa scheme. Presents a quantitative look at the performance of the Western Nigerian farm settlement scheme. Evaluates its implementation in the 1960s. Suggests policy implications for modification of the scheme.

8284 Onah, J. O., and L. O. Osuji. "Public sector marketing: A study of an agricultural development corporation in Nigeria." In: Issues in Public Sector Management in Nigeria, edited by Isa Hashim. Zaria, Nigeria: Centre for Management Development, 1985. 51-68 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Public sector, Agricultural production, Marketing.

8277 Olayide, C. O., and Francis S. Idachaba. "Input and output marketing systems: A Nigerian case." In: Accelerating Food Production in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by John W. Mellor, Christopher L. Delgado, and Malcolm J. Blackie. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987.173-186 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Marketing boards, Agricultural marketing, Resource distribution. KEYWORDS: agricultural subsidy; traditional marketing systems; NSS (National Seed Service). Discusses government intervention through intensive package approaches, as in integrated rural development projects. Describes Nigeria's experience with input subsidy schemes at the national level. Includes a review of a variety of input factors such as fertilizer, pesticides, machinery, credit, and seed. 8278 Olayide, S. Olajuwan. Food and Nutrition Crisis in Nigeria. Ibadan, Nigeria: Ibadan University Press, 1982. 179 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Nutrition, Economic development, Economic crisis, Food policy, Agricultural production, Green Revolution, Agricultural cooperatives. KEYWORDS: Operation Feed the Nation. 8279 Oludimu, O. L., and Y. L. Fabiyi. "Providing and utilising credit for agricultural development in Nigeria: A case study of the Cross River State." Savings and Development 8, no. 2 (1984): 175188. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Credit policy, Case study, Agricultural policy. KEYWORDS: Cross River State, Nigeria. 8280 Oludimu, O. L., and Y. L. Fabiyi. "The mobilisation of credit for agricultural development in Anambra State, Nigeria." Savings and Development 7, no. 4 (1983): 379-393. tables. SUBJECTS: Credit policy, Agricultural development, Agricultural policy. KEYWORDS: Anambra State, Nigeria; ACFA (Anambra Cooperative Financing Agency). 8281 Oludimu, Olufemi. "The training of agricultural credit staff in Nigeria: An insight." Savings and Development 8, no. 3 (1984): 257-266. SUBJECTS: Agricultural extension service, Credit policy, Technical training, Agricultural policy. 8282 Oluwasanimi, H. A. "The impact of higher agricultural education on food and agriculture." In: Agricultural Development in Nigeria, edited by J. A. Adepetu. Ile-Ife, Nigeria: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ife, 1986. 121-132 pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Food scarcity, Literacy. Discusses the role that Nigerian universities play in agricultural

8285 Oshio, P. E. "Agricultural policy and the Nigerian Land Use Decree: The conflict." Journal of African Law 30, no. 2 (Autumn 1986): 130-142. SUBJECTS: Land use policy, Creditpolicy, Agricultural development, Land tenure system. KEYWORDS: Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme 1977; Land Use Act 1978. Examines the efficacy of Nigerian laws on agricultural credits and the implications of the absence of specific legislation on the availability of land for agriculture. 8286 Osoba, Adenike M, ed. Productivity in Nigeria: Proceedings of a National Conference. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1983. 440 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Price policy, Agricultural sector, Agricultural production, Public sector, Management, Trade union, Wage policy. 8287 Osuntogun, Adeniyi, and Adetunji Adeleke, eds. Policies for the Development of Agricultural and Rural Cooperatives in Nigeria. Ilorin, Nigeria: Agricultural and Rural Management Training Institute, 1989. 203 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural marketing, Agricultural policy, Cooperatives, Management, Credit policy, Finance policy, Rural development. KEYWORDS: rural cooperatives; cooperative development; Material and Techniques for Co-operative Management Training; ANCE (Association of Nigerian Co-operative Exporters). Contains a selection of papers presented at the National Seminar on Agricultural Co-operatives for Policy Makers held in Ilorin, Nigeria, in 1985. Examines the role of policymakers in agricultural cooperative development. Discusses the genesis of the Nigerian cooperative movement. Outlines the main problems facing agricultural cooperatives in Nigeria, including financing and marketing. Touches upon women's involvement in the rural agricultural cooperative development movement of Nigeria. 8288 Osuntogun, C. A. Co-operatives and Nigeria's Agricultural Development. Ile-Ife, Nigeria: University of Ife Press, 1984. 46 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Cooperatives, Agricultural production, Marketing, Credit policy. 8289 Otite, O., and C. Okali, eds. Readings in Nigerian Rural Society and Rural Economy. Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann, 1990. 478 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Sociological analysis, Rural development, Women and development, Agricultural production, Land tenure system, Farming system, Rural-urban migration. KEYWORDS: rural economy; community government. Provides general information in the field of Nigerian rural sociology and rural economies. Focuses on the social organizations of rural societies. Discusses land resources management and the organization

NIGERIA/Agriculture of economic activities. Covers problems of inequality as well as both local and national politics in Nigeria. 8290 Oyatoye, E. T. O. "An economic appraisal of small farmers credit schemes: A cost study of Western Nigeria." Savings and Development 7, no. 3 (1983): 279-290. tables. SUBJECTS: Credit policy, Smallholder agriculture, Agricultural extension service. KEYWORDS: Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme 1977. 8291 Oyediran, Oyeleye, ed. Survey of Nigerian Affairs 1976-1977. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 1981. 312 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: Education policy, Land-use policy, Agricultural development, Local government, Land tenure system. KEYWORDS: Operation Feed the Nation; US-Nigeria relations; Nigerian Land Use Decree No. 6, 1978. 8292 Oyenuga, V. A. "Emergent agricultural industry and the nature of its manpower needs." In: Agricultural Development in Nigeria, edited by J. A. Adepetu. Ile-Ife, Nigeria: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ife, 1986.133-147 pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Food scarcity, Agricultural development, Agricultural technology. Discusses the factors behind the stagnation of Nigerian agricultural production in the postindependence period. Argues that the slow growth of agricultural technology is one of the main reasons for the declining food production. Examines future prospects for agricultural growth, maintaining that efforts toward large-scale mechanized farming must increase to meet the needs of the growing population. 8293 Palmer-Jones, R. W. "Mismanaging the peasants: Some origins of low productivity on irrigation schemes in Northern Nigeria." In: Irrigation in Tropical Africa: Problems and Problem Solving, edited by W. M. Adams and A. T. Grove. Cambridge, UK: African Studies Centre, University of Cambridge, 1983. 96-108 pp. SUBJECTS: Irrigation, Peasant society, Land tenure system, Agricultural production, Resource distribution. KEYWORDS: Northern Nigeria. 8294 Palmer-Jones, Richard. "Irrigation and the politics of agricultural development in Nigeria." In: State, Oil and Agriculture in Nigeria, edited by Michael Watts. Berkeley, California: Institute of International Studies, University of California at Berkeley, 1987. 138-167 pp. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Green Revolution, Agricultural policy, Irrigation. KEYWORDS: Niger State, Nigeria; Nigerian Fourth National Development Plan 1981-1985; World Bank; Kwara State, Nigeria. Assesses why large-scale irrigation systems continue to play a significant role in Nigerian development. Asserts that the Green Revolution strategy of emphasizing the smallholder farmer can help only a few farmers. 8295 Philippe, Jean C. E. "The food problem and agricultural development policy in Nigeria." African Studies Association Papers 26, no. 109 (December 1983): 1-26. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural technology, Agricultural production, Research and development, Population growth, Neocolonialism, Class formation, Plantation economy. KEYWORDS: agricultural surplus. 8296 Phillip, Dayo O. A. "An empirical preview of the proposed agricultural insurance scheme in Nigeria." Savings and Development 12 (1988): 5-15. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural policy, Livestock production. KEYWORDS: insurance industry; Kaduna State, Nigeria. Evaluates the proposed agricultural insurance scheme in Nigeria. Considers the insurance companies already in existence and how farmers' experience with those companies has affected their willingness to take risks. Concludes that farmers are concerned about insurers' not honoring claims. 8297 Poswal, M. A. T. "Emerging imbalance in the production of major food and cash crops under the agricultural development projects

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in the Northern States of Nigeria and its effect on the success of the Green Revolution." In: The Green Revolution in Nigeria, edited by George O. I. Abalu, Yahaya Abdullahi, and Ayesha M. Imam. Zaria, Nigeria: Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, 1984. 107-116 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Green Revolution, Agricultural production, Integrated rural development, Cash crop production, Food production. KEYWORDS: Northern Nigeria. 8298 Richards, Paul. "Local strategies for coping with hunger: Central Sierra Leone and Northern Nigeria compared." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 89, no. 355 (April 1990): 265-275. ALSO COVERS: Sierra Leone. SUBJECTS: Hunger, Case study, Resource distribution, Environmental analysis, Famine. KEYWORDS: Kaita, Nigeria; Mogbuama, Sierra Leone. Compares two case studies of African villages to determine the ecology and politics of hunger. Illustrates coping strategies as continually adaptive, not static. Describes the villages in depth and their social, agricultural, and technical approaches to rainfall irregularity. Asks whether such approaches are adequate. 8299 Roy, Sumit. Agriculture and Technology in Developing Countries: India and Nigeria. Newbury Park, California: Sage, 1990. 223 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Agricultural technology, Food production, Green Revolution. KEYWORDS: fertilizer; agricultural innovation; Kaduna State, Nigeria. Focuses on the role of modern technology in the increasing of food production and the role of the state in promoting both. Compares India and Nigeria—both countries that are pursuing food self-sufficiency. Examines the way the state has shaped technology-based policies. 8300 Sano, Hans-Otto. The Political Economy of Food in Nigeria 1960-1982: A Discussion on Peasants, State, and World Economy. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1983. 108 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Political economy studies, Food policy, Green Revolution, Irrigation, Food production. KEYWORDS: food dependency. 8301 Spiro, Heather. The Ilora Farm Settlement in Nigeria. West Hartford, Connecticut: Kumarian, 1985. 50 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Agricultural cooperatives, Women and development. KEYWORDS: Ilora Farm Settlement, Nigeria. 8302 Sumberg, J. E., C. Okali, and B. A. R. Carew. "A role for small ruminants in sustainable farming systems in southwest Nigeria." In: Land Clearing and Development in the Tropics, edited by R. Lai, P. A. Sanchez, and R. W. Cummings Jr. Rotterdam, Netherlands: A. A. Balkema, 1986. 395-399 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural sector, Livestock production, Integrated rural development. Describes an integrated small ruminant development program based on leguminous browse trees and alley farming. Discusses the potential role of small ruminants in these systems in relation to the widespread problems of crop yield and soil fertility maintenance. 8303 Swindell, K., and A. B. Mamman. "Land expropriation and accumulation in the Sokoto periphery, northwest Nigeria 1976-86." Africa: Journal of the International African Institute/Revue de I'Institut Africain International 60, no. 2 (1990): 173-180. maps. SUBJECTS: Land tenure system, Commercial agriculture, Market system, State power. KEYWORDS: Sokoto, Nigeria. States that the expansion of Sokoto city, combined with state expropriation of land for projects and capitalist land accumulation, has squeezed access to farmland dramatically. Examines the organization of the land market around Sokoto and the way it marginalizes small producers, traders, and workers. 8304 Toyo, Eskor. "Food and hunger in a petroleum neocolony: A

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NIGERIA/Agriculture

study of the food crisis in Nigeria." In: World Recession and the Food Crisis in Africa, edited by Peter Lawrence. London: James Currey, 1986. 231-248 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Food scarcity, Agricultural production, Neocolonialism, Hunger. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Third National Development Plan 1975-1980. Illustrates how the food question itself first arose at the height of the petroleum boom. Demonstrates that in the previous ten years governments battled with the food crisis only to produce results that could be cited by the military as grounds for a coup d'état. 8305 Usoro, E. J. "Agricultural production and income levels in a food crop growing region of Nigeria: A case study of Maikunkele Village in Niger State." In: Readings in Nigerian Rural Society and Rural Economy, edited by O. Otite and C. Okali. Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann, 1990. 158-171 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural production, Household analysis, Income distribution, Agrarian economy. KEYWORDS: Maikunkele Village, Nigeria. Assesses farm income in the food-crop growing area of Nigeria. Provides insight into farm production and farm income in Maikunkele Village. Highlights variables amenable to change in the traditional agriculture of the region. 8306 van Raay, Hans G.T. "Fulani pastoralists and cattle." In: Readings in Nigerian Rural Society and Rural Economy, edited by O. Otite and C. Okali. Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann, 1990. 48-84 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Pastoralism, Subsistence farming, Environmental analysis, Household analysis, Cultural policy, Ecological analysis. KEYWORDS: Fulani people; cattle complex. Appraises the major cultural variables and interrelationships within the ecological complex of Fulani pastoralists of Nigeria. Focuses on those Fulani who reside in Hausaland. Examines both the cattle complex and subsistence farming. Considers the relationship between the Fulani pastoralists, the cattle, and the environment. 8307 Vsoro, Eno J. "Development of the Nigerian agricultural sector within the framework of the structural adjustment programme." In: Structural Adjustment Programme in a Developing Economy: The Case ofNigeria, edited by Adedotun O. Phillips and Eddy C. Ndekwu. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1987.167-176 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Agricultural development, Agricultural production, Green Revolution, Structural adjustment, Marketing boards. Assesses the effects of structural adjustment on the agricultural sector. Contrasts factors in the agricultural sector before the structural adjustment program with agricultural productivity after the program's implementation. 8308 Wallace, Tina. "The challenge of food: Nigeria's approach to agriculture 1975-80." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 15, no. 2 (1981): 239-258. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Agricultural production, Food scarcity, Irrigation. KEYWORDS: NAFPP (National Accelerated Food Production Program); Kano River Project. 8309 Wallace, Tina. "The Kano River Project, Nigeria: The impact of an irrigation scheme on productivity and welfare." In: Rural Development in Tropical Africa, edited by Judith Heyer, Pepe Roberts, and Gavin Williams. New York: St. Martin's, 1981. 281-305 pp. SUBJECTS: Irrigation, Agricultural production, Rural development, Peasant economy, Land tenure system. KEYWORDS: Kano River Project; capital intensive. 8310 Watts, Michael. "Brittle trade: A political economy of food supply in Kano." In: Feeding African Cities: Studies in Regional Social History, edited by Jane I. Guyer. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1987. 95-111 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Household economy, Agricultural sector, Food production, Oil in-

dustry, Foreign trade. KEYWORDS: Kano, Nigeria; bread; rice. Reviews the Kano food system in a historical context from peasant production through a state-directed food policy. Proposes that recent austerity measures will have implications for the food sector. 8311 Watts, Michael. Silent Violence: Food, Famine and Peasantry in Northern Nigeria. Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press, 1983. 687 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Food scarcity, Hunger, Colonialism, Oil industry, Household analysis, Agricultural development. KEYWORDS: Hausaland; Sokoto, Nigeria; Northern Nigeria. 8312 Watts, Michael, and Robert Shenton. "State and agrarian transformation in Nigeria." In: The Politics of Agriculture in Tropical Africa, edited by Jonathan Barker. Beverly Hills, California: Sage, 1984. 173-203 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agrarian reform, State intervention, Capitalism, Green Revolution. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Third National Development Plan 1975-1980; Nigerian Fourth National Development Plan 1981-1985; NAFPP (National Accelerated Food Production Program); Yan Tatsine rebellion 1980. 8313 Watts, Michael J., and Thomas J. Bassett. "Crisis and change in African agriculture: A comparative study of the Ivory Coast and Nigeria." The African Studies Review 28, no. 4 (December 1985): 3-27. ALSO COVERS: Cote d'lvoire. SUBJECTS: Agrarian reform, Economic crisis, Peasant economy, Industrial development, Colonialism, Food scarcity, Commercial agriculture. KEYWORDS: state-farmer relations. 8314 Watts, Michael J., and Thomas J. Bassett. Politics, the State and Agrarian Development: A Comparative Study of Nigeria and the Ivory Coast. Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California, 1984. 45 pp. biblio. ALSO COVERS: Cote d'lvoire. SUBJECTS: Export economy, Food policy, Agricultural development, Oil industry, Subsistence economy. KEYWORDS: FAO; PDCI; plantation agriculture. 8315 Watts, Susan J. "Rural women as food processors and traders: Eko making in the Ilorin area of Nigeria." The Journal of Developing Areas 19, no. 1 (October 1984): 71-82. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Agrarian economy, Agricultural labor, Class formation, Informal sector. KEYWORDS: petty trade; labor-intensive; upward mobility; Ilorin, Nigeria. 8316 Williams, S. K. T., and C. E. Williams. "The relationship of farmer characteristics to the source of information on improved farm practices in the Western State of Nigeria." In: Readings in Nigerian Rural Society and Rural Economy, edited by O. Otite and C. Okali. Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann, 1990. 400-410 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Farming system, Research methodology, Agricultural policy. KEYWORDS: radio. Focuses on the extent to which some characteristics of farmers are related to sources of information on agricultural practices. Investigates the following sources of information: extension officers; radio/rediffusion; fellow farmers; family; and farmers' organizational meetings. SEE ALSO 5, 8, 67, 233, 234, 239, 241, 244, 273, 306, 4354, 4365, 4614, 4680, 5328, 5746, 14100, 14917, 14927.

Class

8317 Adesina, Jimi D. "Worker consciousness and shopfloor struggles: A case study of Nigerian refinery workers." Labour, Capital and

NIGERIA/Class

Society/Travail, capital et société 22, no. 2 (November 1989): 239345. SUBJECTS: Working class, Class struggle, Resistance movement, Ideologies, Oil industry. KEYWORDS: Warn, Nigeria. Addresses worker consciousness and expression, as well as how location perception affects resistance. Argues against perceiving work and daily life as separate. Argues that the multilayered lives of workers affect their work and resistance. Based on participant observation in a refinery. 8318 Anikpo, Mark. "Nigeria's evolving class structure." In: Political Economy of Nigeria, edited by Claude Ake. London: Longman Group, 1985. 33-52 pp. SUBJECTS: Political participation, Class analysis, Class formation. 8319 Ayam, John Anfani. "Intra-class struggle and the state: Towards resolving the problem of instability in Nigeria." In: Alternative Political Futures for Nigeria, edited by Stephen O. Olugbemi. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Political Science Association, 1987. 119-127 pp. SUBJECTS: Class struggle, Political instability, Civil war, Coup d'état, Marxist analysis, Bourgeoisie. Analyzes the relationship between the Nigerian state and political instability. Reviews the classical Marxist concept of the state and analyzes how class struggle has manifested itself. Concludes by suggesting why bourgeois rule in Nigeria has failed to create a stable society. 8320 Diamond, Larry. "Class, ethnicity, and the democratic state: Nigeria 1950-1966." Comparative Studies in Society and History 25, no. 3 (July 1983): 457-489. SUBJECTS: Democracy, Class conflict, Ethnic conflict, Class struggle, Class analysis, Ethnicity. 8321 Ekekwe, Eme. Class and State in Nigeria. Harlow, Essex, UK: Longman Group, 1986. 202 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Class analysis, State government, Colonialism, Capital accumulation, Class struggle. KEYWORDS: Nigerian state creation. States that the desire for and creation of new constituent states in Nigeria can be explained by Nigeria's class structure and struggles. Provides a history of the colonial state in Nigeria, assesses the major conflicts and contradictions that have arisen in the contemporary state, and addresses state creation. 8322 Forrest, Tom. "State capital, capitalist development, and class formation in Nigeria." In: The African Bourgeoisie: Capitalist Development in Nigeria, Kenya, and the Ivory Coast, edited by Paul M. Lubeck. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1987. 307-342 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Capitalist development, Class formation, Civilian government, Indigenization, Bourgeoisie, Dependency theory. KEYWORDS: NIDB (Nigerian Industrial Development Bank); NBCI (Nigerian Bank for Commerce and Industry); NNDC (New Nigerian Development Company); Commonwealth Development Corporation. Takes issue with dependency theorists who focus on thé sectional share of capital in development. Argues that Nigeria's vast natural resources and the size of its internal market will eventually provide the stimulus for indigenous accumulation by unifying the regional and ethnic sections of the bourgeoisie. 8323 Gana, Aaron T. "On the political economy of crime in Nigeria: Social polarisation in peripheral capitalism." Nigerian Journal of Political Science 4, no. 1/2 (1985): 172-184. SUBJECTS: Crime, Social stratification, Class conflict, Ruling class, Resource distribution. KEYWORDS: internal security; peripheral capitalism. 8324 Grueling, L. V. "The structure of the socio-professional group of managers in Nigeria." In: Socio-Economic Problems of Asian and African Countries, edited by Marcela Kubesova and Vladimir Pavlov. Prague, Czechoslovakia: Charles University, 1984.189-230 pp. SUBJECTS: Marxist analysis, Urban development, Business administration, Class analysis, Class formation, Social change, Social

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development policy. 8325 Ityavyar, Dennis A. "The state, class and health services in Nigeria." Afrika Spectrum 22, no. 3 (1987): 285-314. SUBJECTS: Class analysis, Health service, Political analysis, Bourgeoisie, Health care policy, Development financing, Military budget. KEYWORDS: medical profession; NMA (Nigerian Medical Association). Examines the politics of health services in Nigeria. Considers the neocolonial nature of the state, as well as the role of the national bourgeoisie, the military, and the medical profession in preventing adequate support for health services for all. 8326 Lubeck, Paul M. Islam and Urban Labor in Northern Nigeria. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1986. 362 pp. tables, m a p s . S U B J E C T S : E c o n o m i c d e v e l o p m e n t , Labor f o r c e , Nationalism, Class formation, Islamic society, Class analysis. KEYWORDS: Hausaland; Kano, Nigeria. Examines the process of class formation among Muslims in Kano, Nigeria, from 1966 to 1980. Assesses the political economy of Kano, and the process of class stuggle, state intervention, and Islamic nationalism and its influences among Kano's working class. 8327 Nolutshungu, Sam C. "Fragments of a democracy: Reflections on class and politics in Nigeria." Third World Quarterly 12, no. 1 (January 1990): 86-115. SUBJECTS: Democracy, Class analysis, Political elite. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Second Republic 1979-1983. Demonstrates that there is no real democracy in Nigeria because the country is controlled by political elites and not the common people. Argues that only by a return to civilian rule will Nigeria have any hope for the political reconstruction that would bring full democracy to all Nigerians. 8328 Nzimiro, Ikenna. "Class and power in post-independence Nigeria: 1960-1975." In: Proceedings of the National Conference on Nigeria since Independence, volume 2, edited by M. O. Kayode and Y. B. Usman. Zaria, Nigeria: Panel on Nigeria since Independence History Project, 1985.465-494 pp. SUBJECTS: Class analysis, Bourgeoisie, Military government, Transnational corporations, Political economy studies. KEYWORDS: Nigerian First Republic 1960-1965; Nigerian Federal Military Government 1966-1979; Nigerian Second Republic 1979-1983. 8329 Onoge, O.F. "Rural poverty in Nigerian bourgeois sociology: A materialist critique." In: Readings in Nigerian Rural Society and Rural Economy, edited by O. Otite and C. Okali. Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann, 1990. 321-346 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Rural poverty, Bourgeoisie, Capitalism, Peasant class, Commercial sector. KEYWORDS: Urhobo village. Draws attention to the nature and consequences of the theoretical praxis of the new literary genre on rural poverty. Asserts that the new theoretical outlook is bourgeois in its orientation and mirrors that of the colonialists. 8330 Turner, Terisa. "Petroleum, recession and the internationalization of class struggle in Nigeria." Labour, Capital and Society/Travail, capital et société 18, no. 1 (April 1985): 7-42. SUBJECTS: Oil industry, Class struggle, Economic recession, Capitalist class, Class formation, Resistance movement. 8331 Tyoden, Sonni-Gwanle. "The Nigerian state and imperialism: Change and continuity in their relationships."African Studies Association Papers 25, no. 116 (November 1982): 1-18. SUBJECTS: Capitalist development, Bourgeoisie, Underdevelopment, Capitalist class, Foreign capital, Imperialism. 8332 Udo, Augustine. "Class, party politics and the 1983 coup in Nigeria." Afrika Spectrum 20, no. 3 (1985): 327-338. SUBJECTS: Class analysis, Political parties, Coup d'état, Elite analysis, Military

5 7 6 • NIGERIA/Class government. KEYWORDS: Nigerian coup d'état 1983; Nigerian Second Republic 1979-1983; NPN (National Party of Nigeria); Nigerian Federal Military Government. 8333 Watts, Michael, and Paul Lübeck. "Popular classes and the oil boom: A political economy of rural and urban poverty." In: The Political Economy of Nigeria, edited by I. William Zartman. New York: Praeger, 1983. 105-144 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Class formation, Oil industry, Rural development, Urban development, Working class. KEYWORDS: OPEC; NLC (Nigerian Labour Congress). 8334 Watts, Michael J. "Peasantry, merchant capital, and the colonial state: Class in Northern Nigeria 1900-1945." In: The African Bourgeoisie: Capitalist Development in Nigeria, Kenya and the Ivory Coast, edited by Paul M. Lübeck. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1987.59-96 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Class formation, Capitalist class, State politics, Commodity production, Smallholder agriculture. KEYWORDS: Hausa-Fulani people. Analyzes the capitalist class that emerged during formal colonialism, dealing specifically with the emergence of the Muslim Hausa-Fulani bourgeoisie class. SEE ALSO 321.

Colonialism

8335 Beckman, Bjorn. "A dependent neo-colonial society." In: Contradictions of Accumulation in Africa: Studies in Economy and State, edited by Henry Bernstein and Bonnie Campbell. Beverly Hills, California: Sage, 1985. 71-113 pp. SUBJECTS: Dependency theory, Neocolonialism, Oil industry, Economic development, Decolonization. 8336 Nnoli, Okwudiba. "Progress versus reaction in Nigerian development." In: The Path to Nigerian Development, edited by Okwudiba Nnoli. Dakar, Senegal: CODESRIA, 1981. 192-216 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Ruling class, Colonialism, Ethnicity, Neocolonialism. KEYWORDS: counterrevolution. 8337 Nzimiro, I. "Capitalism in Nigerian rural societies." In: Readings in Nigerian Rural Society and Rural Economy, edited by O. Otite and C. Okali. Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann, 1990. 347-365 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Capitalism, Rural population, Imperialism, Colonialism, Agricultural production, Farming system. KEYWORDS: Eastern Nigeria; ENDC (Eastern Nigerian Development Corporation). Asserts that the pro-capitalist mode of agricultural production and distribution is the critical variable explaining the prevailing underdevelopment of rural Nigeria and that capitalist influences led to drastic changes in the traditional production and exchange systems. 8338 Onajide, M. O. "Viability, values and ethics in local government." In: Readings in Nigerian Local Government, edited by Oladimeji Aborisade. Ile-Ife, Nigeria: Department of Local Government Studies, 1986. 198-208 pp. SUBJECTS: Indirect rule, Local government, Traditional society, Colonialism. Assesses traditional Nigerian value systems and ethics, comparing them with a Western system of values. 8339 Onimode, Bade. "Class struggle as a reality of Nigerian development." In: The Path to Nigerian Development, edited by Okwudiba Nnoli. Dakar, Senegal: CODESRIA, 1981. 166-191 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Income distribution, Class struggle, Underdevelopment, Colonialism, Neocolonialism, Bourgeoisie, Im-

perialism. SEE ALSO 344, 373, 382, 5755.

Economics

8340 Abasiekong, Edet M. "Pledging oil palms: A case study on obtaining rural credit in Nigeria." The African Studies Review 24, no. 1 (March 1981): 73-82. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Credit policy, Debt crisis, Banking policy. KEYWORDS: oil palm. 8341 Abba, Alkasum, Yahaya A. Abdullahi, Muhammad Sanusi Abubakar, and Mike Kwanashie. Nigerian Economic Crisis: Causes and Solutions. Zaria, Nigeria: Gaskiya, 1985. 206 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic crisis, Agricultural production, Industrial production, Income distribution, Public sector, National security. 8342 Abdullahi, S. H. "Exchange rate adjustment in Nigeria: The problem, the solution, and the cost." In: The Nigerian Economy under (S)FEM: The Economics of the Foreign Exchange Market in a Developing Economy, edited by J. Attah, M. Kwanashie, and O. Ojowu. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University, 1987. 56-71 pp. SUBJECTS: Foreign exchange, Fiscal policy, Structural adjustment, Price policy, Income distribution. KEYWORDS: devaluation; demand-management policy; SFEM (Second-Tier Foreign Exchange Market); naira. Examines the second-tier foreign exchange market as a policy of structural adjustment. Addresses the positive and negative implications of currency devaluation. 8343 Abidogun, Ayo. "The transnational externality component of benefits from cocoa research in Nigeria." The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies 27, no. 1 (March 1985): 11-21. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Research and development, Economic analysis, Agricultural development, Agricultural production. KEYWORDS: cocoa. 8344 Abubakar, Sanusi. "The impact of devaluation: Facts, promises, and lessons from other countries." In: The Nigerian Economy under (S)FEM: The Economics of the Foreign Exchange Market in a Developing Economy, edited by J. Attah, M. Kwanashie, and O. Ojowu. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University, 1987. 229252 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign exchange, International economic relations, Balance of payments, Structural adjustment, Oil industry. KEYWORDS: capital flow; devaluation; SFEM (Secondtier Foreign Exchange Market). Assesses the second-tier foreign exchange market by comparing Nigeria's with those of twenty other countries. Questions whether it helps to reduce the balance-of-payments deficit, induce production for export, attract foreign investment, reduce capital flight, or eliminate the foreign exchange black market. 8345 Abudu, Folorunsho. "Growth and equity in the Nigerian economy, 1960-80." In: Proceedings of the National Conference on Nigeria since Independence, volume 2, edited by M. O. Kayode and Y. B. Usman. Zaria, Nigeria: Panel on Nigeria since Independence History Project, 1985. 8-23 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic growth rate, Economic analysis, Income inequality, Wage policy. 8346 Adalemo, Ayinde. "Marketing systems." In: A Geography of NigerianDevelopment, edited by J. S. Oguntoyinbo, O. O. Areola, and M. Filani. Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann Nigeria, 1983. 402-414 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Market system,

NIGERIA/Economics Credit policy, Commodity production, Marketing boards. 8347 Adebayo, A. G. "The 'Ibadan School' and the handling of federal finance in Nigeria." The Journal of Modern African Studies 28, no. 2 (June 1990): 245-264. SUBJECTS: Finance policy, Statistical analysis, Federal government, Taxation policy. KEYWORDS: University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Aboyade Technical Committee. Examines the role that the Ibadan School has played in Nigeria's federal finance policy. Contends that its academics have concentrated on statistical data rather than on political economy studies. Proposes that the government needs to establish a center for the study of the national economy. 8348 Adebayo, Akanmu Gafaru. "Oil and the Murtala/Obasanjo foreign policy, 1975-1979." In: Nigeria and the International Capitalist System, edited by Toyin Falola and Julius O. Ihonvbere. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1988. 81-102 pp. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, Oil industry, Economic growth rate, Economic dependency, Nationalization. KEYWORDS: Muhammed, Murtala Ramat; Obasanjo, Olusegun; OPEC. Explores the oil and economic policies undertaken by Nigeria between 1975 and 1979. Assesses the impact of fluctuations in the price of oil on the Nigerian economy.

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8354 Adekanye, Femi, ed. Banks and the Nigerian Economy. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Bankers, 1984. 255 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Banking policy, Banking, Economic crisis. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Stock Exchange; Central Bank of Nigeria. 8355 Adekanye, Femi. "Profitability and liquidity of banks." In: Banks and the Nigerian Economy, edited by Femi Adekanye. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Bankers, 1984.179-190 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Banking, Commercial banking, Investment policy. 8356 Aderibigbe, J. O. "Current austerity measures and their impact on the N i g e r i a n e c o n o m y . " Africa Development/Afrique et développement 10, no. 1/2 (1985): 217-235. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic crisis, Economic policy. 8357 Adesimi, A. A. "Flow-of-funds analysis as a basis for policy on rural lending." In: Rural Banking in Nigeria, edited by Adeniyi Osuntogun and Wole Adewunmi. Harlow, UK: Longman, 1983. 103-111 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Credit policy, Rural development, Rural population. KEYWORDS: capital flow.

8349 Adebayo, Akanmu Gafaru. "The postwar economy and foreign policy: Gowon and the oil boom, 1970-1975." In: Nigeria and the International Capitalist System, edited by Toyin Falola and Julius O. Ihonvbere. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1988.57-80 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Oil industry, Foreign policy, Civil war, Economic relations. KEYWORDS: Gowon, Yakubu; OPEC. Assesses the impact that the oil boom of the early 1970s had on the Nigerian economy. Asserts that structural changes occurred in the postwar economy, an economy that moved from agricultural production and toward dependence on oil exports. Examines Nigeria's emergence as the most powerful nation in Africa.

8358 Adewunmi, Wole. 25 Years of Merchant Banking in Nigeria. Lagos, Nigeria: Lagos University Press, 1985. 136 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Banking policy, Banking.

8350 Adedeji, Adebayo. Some Reflections on Nigeria's Economic Performance since Independence and Thoughts on Future Prospects. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: ECA, 1985.1-57 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Agricultural development, Debt crisis, Economic history, National development, Political instability, Oil industry.

8360 Adewunmi, Wole. "The perception of Nigerian commercial banks' lending function by industry." Savings and Development 7, no. 2 ( 1983): 97-118. tables. SUBJECTS : Commercial banking, Manufacturing sector, Banking. KEYWORDS: Ilupeju Industrial Estate, Nigeria; Apapa-Iganmu Industrial Estate, Nigeria; Oluyole Industrial Estate, Nigeria.

8351 Adegbola, Kunle. "Manufacturing industries." In: A Geography of Nigerian Development, edited by J. S. Oguntoyinbo, O. O. Areola, and M. Filani. Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann Nigeria, 1983. 326-338 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Industrial development, Manufacturing sector, Capital formation. 8352 Adegboye, R. O. "Procuring loans through pledging of cocoa trees." In: Readings in Nigerian Rural Society and Rural Economy, edited by O. Otite and C. Okali. Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann, 1990. 212-226 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Finance policy, Credit policy, Economic cooperation. KEYWORDS: cocoa; pledging. Discusses the factors that lead to pledging of tree crops, particularly cocoa trees in Nigeria. Describes the process by which the creditor/debtor relationship is established through pledging. Evaluates the use of pledging as a loan-procuring mechanism with respect to redemption problems. Explores some of the loan-procuring opportunities alternative to pledging. Suggests ways to improve the present pledging system. 8353 Adejugbe, M. O. B. "The mechanics and dynamics of inflation in Nigeria 1961-1972." In: Inflation in Nigeria: Proceedings of a National Conference, edited by H. M. A. Onitiri and Keziah Awosika. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1982. 46-70 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Inflation, Price policy. KEYWORDS: Central Bank of Nigeria; Nigerian Second National Development Plan 1970-1974.

8359 Adewunmi, Wole. "Rural banking development: The role of cooperative banks." In: Rural Banking in Nigeria, edited by Adeniyi Osuntogun and Wole Adewunmi. Harlow, UK: Longman, 1983. 32-45 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Cooperatives, Federal government, Banking, Rural population. KEYWORDS: NACB (Nigerian Agricultural and Cooperative Bank); Cooperative Bank Ltd.

8361 Adeyemo, O. A. "Problems of implementing reform of public expenditure management in Nigeria." Savings and Development 13, no. 3 (1989): 267-286. tables. SUBJECTS: Reform, Government expenditure, Government economic management. Examines Nigerian government expenditure. Addresses policy reforms and obstacles to their implementation. Argues that the structural adjustment program is an aid to the reform of the public sector. 8362 Adeyemo, O. A., and E. C. Ndekwu, eds. Readings in Public Expenditure Programming in Nigeria. Ibadan, Nigeria: National Centre for Economic Management and Administration, 1990. 299 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Development planning, Public sector, Public investment, Private investment, Budget policy, Finance policy, Taxation policy. KEYWORDS: public expenditure; internal debt. Examines development planning and public expenditure programming in the African context. Discusses the various techniques for public expenditure programming and touches upon budget processes in Nigeria. 8363 Adeyemo, Remi. "An appraisal of financial structure and capital management: The case of marketing co-operatives in Oyo State, Nigeria." Savings and Development 9, no. 2 (1985): 189-202. tables. SUBJECTS: Financial system, Agricultural marketing, Agricultural cooperatives, Capital accumulation. KEYWORDS: Oyo State, Nigeria.

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8364 Adeyokunnu, T., and O. O. Ladipo. "The causes of inflation in Nigeria: A quantitative assessment." In: Inflation in Nigeria: Proceedings ofa National Conference, edited by H. M. A. Onitiri and Keziah Awosika. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1982. 141-155 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Wage policy, Price policy, Inflation. KEYWORDS: consumer price index. 8365 Afolabi, J. A. "Propensity to save among Nigerians: The ruralurban dichotomy and its implications for rural-urban migration phenomenon." Savings and Development 12, no. 1 (1988): 75-87. tables. SUBJECTS: Monetary policy, Rural-urban migration, Statistical analysis, Employment opportunity, Capital accumulation. KEYWORDS: savings. Argues that a main reason for rural-urban migration is the difference between opportunities to save in urban communities and those in rural communities. Concludes that Nigerians travel to cities in order to save money for old age, houses, and so on because they believe they will be able to save more there. 8366 Agba, Akomaye V. "Monetary policies and small-scale industries in Nigeria: An appraisal and prognosis." In: Policy Issues in Small-Scale Industrial Development in Nigeria, edited by I. L. Bashir and Ode Ojowu. Jos, Nigeria: Centre for Development Studies, University of Jos, 1990. 166-176 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Monetary policy, Industrial development, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: small-scale industry; Central Bank of Nigeria. Analyzes the CBN's monetary and credit policies toward smallscale industries. Asks whether industries will need changes in those policies because of inflation and high interest rates. Argues that the structural adjustment program is endangering the survival of smallscale industries. 8367 Agu, C. C. "Financial institutions and economic development: The experience of Nigeria." The South African Journal of Economics 54, no. 3 (September 1986): 319-331. tables. SUBJECTS: Financial system, Economic development, Capital formation, Monetary policy. KEYWORDS: savings. Reviews the various hypotheses used to explain the relationship between real and monetary variables. Examines their relationship to economic development in Nigeria. 8368 Agu, C. C. "Interest rates policy in Nigeria and its attendant distortions." Savings and Development 12, no. 1 (1988): 19-33. tables. SUBJECTS: Monetary policy, Inflation. Discusses interest rates in Nigeria from 1970 to 1985. Maintains that the low and static interest rates policy of the Nigerian government has had a negative effect on efficiency. Suggests an alternative policy. 8369 Agu, C. C. Nigerian Banking Structure and Performance: The Banking System's Contribution to Economic Development. Onitsha, Nigeria: Africana-FEP, 1988.225 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Banking, Financial system, Credit policy, Commercial banking, Debt crisis. Examines the historical pattern of growth, the structure, and the operations of the Nigerian banking system from 1960 to 1980. Includes an analysis of the determinants of the economic performance of the banking system and suggestions for regulations to improve the banking system's performance. 8370 Agu, Cletus C. "Can a truly co-operative bank be an efficient commercial bank?" Savings and Development 10, no. 1 (1986): 73-87. SUBJECTS: Commercial banking, Cooperatives. Argues that a cooperative bank cannot be commercial, just as a commercial bank cannot be cooperative. Describes cooperative banks as no longer existing in Nigeria and calls for their return. Defines efficiency, cooperative banking, and commercial banking. 8371 Agu, Cletus Chike. "The role of commercial banks in mobiliza-

tion and allocation of resources for development in Nigeria." Savings and Development 8, no. 2 (1984): 135-158. tables. SUBJECTS: Commercial banking, Resource distribution, Development financing, Capital accumulation, Monetary policy. KEYWORDS: savings. 8372 Agunbiade, Boye. "Regional implications of the structural adjustment programme (SAP) in Nigeria." In: Structural Adjustment Programme in a Developing Economy: The Case of Nigeria, edited by Adedotun O. Phillips and Eddy C. Ndekwu. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1987. 185-193 pp. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Regional development, Economic growth policy. KEYWORDS: spatial analysis; SFEM (Second-tier Foreign Exchange Market). Evaluates structural adjustment programs from the perspective of regional growth. Uses space-economy theory to evaluate structural adjustment. 8373 Agwu, Emman I. C. "Implementation of the Owerri Master Plan: An overview." Third World Planning Review 10, no. 3 (August 1988): 313-326. maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Public sector, Urban development, Development financing. KEYWORDS: New Town Program; OCDA (Owerri Capital Development Authority); Imo State, Nigeria. Reviews the achievements and setbacks of the Owerri Capital Development Authority eleven years after its creation. Discusses specific problems of development control in the context of Nigeria's unbalanced oil economy, infrastructural weakness, lack of funding, and administrative ineffectiveness. 8374 Ajakaiye, D. Olu. "Impact of policy on public enterprise performance in Nigeria." The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies 26, no. 3 (November 1984): 371-386. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Price policy, Public policy, Management, National development, State-owned enterprise. 8375 Ajakaiye, D. Olu. Model-based Estimates of Sectoral Intermediate Demands for Nigeria, 1974-77. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1989. 28 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Models, Government economic management, Economic analysis. Aims to develop a model for estimating sectoral intermediate demand that is consistent with published data on input structure in an economy with an import-dependent production structure. Presents and analyzes empirical application of the model. 8376 Ajakaiye, D. Olu. "Prices, wages and income: Survey of 1987 policies, their impact and policy recommendations for 1988 and beyond." In: Economic Policy and Development in Nigeria: 1987, edited by Adedotun O. Phillips and Eddy C. Ndekwu. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1988. 191-214 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Foreign exchange, Public sector, Privatization, Income distribution, Banking, Unemployment. KEYWORDS: wage level; price level; Central Bank of Nigeria. Asserts that although some sectors have benefited from structural adjustment policies, the overall economy has suffered a decline. Contends that all sectors, except banking, suffered retrenchments and plant closures. Comments that wages have fallen while prices and unemployment rose. Reviews privatization policy. 8377 Ajakaiye, D. Olu. Public Enterprise Policies in Nigeria: A Macroeconomic Impact Analysis. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1990. 87 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: State-owned enterprise, Economic analysis, Privatization, National development, Industrial policy. KEYWORDS: Nigerian national development plans. Analyzes the potential effects of various policies concerning the ownership of parastatals. Maintains that the current system of state ownership keeps profits in the hands of the managers. Suggests that a

NIGERIA/Economics

flexible privatization strategy be adopted that would discourage large holdings by individuals. 8378 Ajakaiye, D. Olu. "Sectoral price effects of liberalizing Nigerian PE prices: 1974-78." The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies 27, no. 2 (July 1985): 147-161. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Price policy, Fiscal policy, Public investment, Public sector, State-owned enterprise. 8379 Ajakaiye, D. Olu. "Structural adjustment programme of Nigeria: Its impact on prices and incomes." In: Structural Adjustment Programme in a Developing Economy: The Case of Nigeria, edited by Adedotun O. Phillips and Eddy C. Ndekwu. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1987. 217-229 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Economic growth rate, Commodity production. KEYWORDS: SFEM (Second-Tier Foreign Exchange Market). Assesses the impact of structural adjustment on the price of commodities in Nigeria. Asserts that structural adjustment has been a major factor in the upturn of prices. 8380 Ajakaiye, Olu. "Balance between private and public investment programmes." In: Readings in Public Expenditure Programming in Nigeria, edited by O. A. Adeyemo and E. C. Ndekwu. Ibadan, Nigeria: National Centre for Economic Management and Administration, 1990. 66-73 pp. SUBJECTS: Public investment, Private investment, Public sector, Private sector. Considers the issue of balance between public and private investment. Asserts that in order to satisfy the universal aim of an economic system—the maximization of social welfare—an ideal mixed economy through balancing of private and public investment is necessary. 8381 Ajayi, Ibi, ed. Management of Nigeria's Foreign Exchange Resources: Proceedings of the 1985 One Day Workshop. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigeria Economic Society, 1985.119pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Industrial production, Foreign exchange, Economic management. KEYWORDS: NISER (Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research). 8382 Ajayi, S. I., and O. Teriba. "Inflationary processes in Nigeria 1960-1972: Evidence from quarterly data." In: Inflation in Nigeria: Proceedings of a National Conference, edited by H. M. A. Onitiri and Keziah Awosika. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1982. 112-125 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Wage policy, Monetary policy, Inflation, Import policy, Export policy. 8383 Ajayi, S. I., M. A. Iyoha, A. Soyode, andE. C. Anusionwu, eds. The Nigerian Economy: A Political Economy Approach: Nigerian Economic Society. London: Longman, 1986. 178 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Political economy studies, Economic analysis, Industrial sector, Agricultural sector, Green Revolution, Oil industry. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Constitution 1979. A collection of chapters focusing on a political economy analysis of Nigeria's petroleum, natural gas, and agricultural sectors. Includes an examination of the Nigerian Constitution of 1979 and the economic implications of the constitution. 8384 Ajayi, S. Ibi. "On the directional causality between money and prices." The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies 25, no. 3 (November 1983): 319-326. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Price policy, Monetary policy, Statistical analysis, Monetary policy. 8385 Ajibola, W. A. 'The politics of banking development." In: Commercial Banking in Nigeria, edited by A. Soyode and A. Oyejide. Ibadan, Nigeria: Unibaden, 1986.33-50 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Bank-

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ing, Economic development, Colonialism, Nationalism. Traces the history of banking in Nigeria. Assesses banking in light of Nigeria's nationalism. 8386 Ajilima, I., and V. A. Agba. "The second-tier foreign exchange market as a catalyst to non-oil exports." The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies 28, no. 1 (March 1986): 119-133. tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign exchange, Monetary exchange, Export economy, Structural adjustment, Export market. KEYWORDS: nonoil exports; SFEM (Second-Tier Foreign Exchange Market); devaluation. Investigates the extent to which the second-tier foreign exchange market can boost nonoil exports in general and agricultural and manufactured products in particular. Recognizes that Nigeria's current economic crisis is a product of overreliance on the oil sector for foreign exchange and thus recommends diversification. 8387 Ajiyi, Ibidayo, and Oladeji Ojo. "Nigeria's commercial bank loan market." In: Commercial Banking in Nigeria, edited by A. Soyode and A. Ayejide. Ibadan, Nigeria: Unibaden, 1986. 213-221 pp. SUBJECTS: Commercial banking, Credit policy. KEYWORDS: loan agencies. Assesses estimates of the supply and demand situation for commercial banks in Nigeria. 8388 Ajomo, M. A. "Federal government recent economic measures: Pros and cons." In: Banks and the Nigerian Economy, edited by Femi Adekanye. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Bankers, 1984. 233246 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Oil industry, Economic crisis, Economic recovery. KEYWORDS: Economic Stabilization Act 1982. 8389 Akande, S. O. Structural Adjustment Programme and Agro Chemical Product Marketing in South/West Nigeria. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1989. 54 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Economic policy, Marketing. KEYWORDS: agrochemicals; southwest Nigeria. Examines the business activities of agrochemical marketing enterprises in Nigeria and the effects of structural adjustment programs on those activities. Assesses the implications of the findings for agricultural development and makes recommendations. 8390 Ake, Claude. "Nigerian state: Antinomies of a periphery formation." In: The Political Economy of Nigeria, edited by Claude Ake. London: Longman Group, 1985. 9-32 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, State formation, Economic analysis. 8391 Ake, Claude, ed. The Political Economy of Nigeria. London: Longman Group, 1985. 207 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Marxist analysis, Self-sufficient economy, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: OPEC. 8392 Akinbode, I. Adefolu, and Ekong E. Ekong. "Linkage between agricultural extension services and rural banking." In: Rural Banking in Nigeria, edited by Adeniyi Osuntogun and Wole Adewunmi. Harlow, UK: Longman, 1983.56-60 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Agricultural extension service, Credit policy, Banking. KEYWORDS: Agricultural Credit Corporation; Nigerian Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources. 8393 Akindele, R. A. "Formulation and implementation of Nigeria's external economic policy: Institutional structure and processes." In: Nigeria's Economic Relations with the Major Developed MarketEconomy Countries, 1960-1985, edited by R. A. Akindele and Bassey E. Ate. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 1988. 84-99 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic policy, Policy analysis, Foreign trade, Foreign policy, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Ministry of Trade; Nigerian Ministry of External Affairs;

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Nigerian Ministry of Finance. Analyzes the institutional structures and processes for making and implementing Nigeria's economic policy. Evaluates the roles of the various government ministries. Suggests greater cooperation between the ministries. Recommends that external economic policies be taken more seriously. 8394 Akingbohungbe, S. S. "The increasing role of the capital market in the economy." In: Banks and the Nigerian Economy, edited by Femi Adekanye. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Bankers, 1984. 203-219 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Market system. KEYWORDS: Central Bank of Nigeria; capital market. 8395 Akinmoladun, Olu. "Economic policies for foreign exchange management: The Nigerian experience, 1975-1985." In: Management of Nigeria's Foreign Exchange Resources, edited by Ibi Ajayi. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigeria Economic Society, 1985. 51-80 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic planning, Import policy, Export policy, Foreign exchange. 8396 Akinnifesi, E. Olu. "The role and performance of the capital market." In: Economic Policy and Development in Nigeria: 1987, edited by Adedotun O. Phillips and Eddy C. Ndekwu. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1988. 81-112 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign exchange, Structural adjustment, International market. KEYWORDS: SFEM (Second-Tier Foreign Exchange Market); stock market; capital market. Assesses the 1987 capital market in Nigeria by looking at the Nigerian stock market, the second-tier foreign exchange market, and the international stock market. Asserts that the Nigerian stock market remained bullish through 1986 and withstood the global stock market crash of October 1987. 8397 Akinsanya, Adeoye. "Local government expenditure patterns in Nigeria." In: Local Government Finance in Nigeria, edited by I. B. Bello-Imam. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1990. 157-195 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Local government, Government expenditure, Government economic management. KEYWORDS: government revenue. Reviews the fiscal responsibilities of local governments, as well as their functions and revenue sources. Considers expenditure patterns by state. Concludes that most local governments are efficient but do not have the resources to proceed with rural development. 8398 Akintola-Arikawe, J. Ola. "Nigerian indigenisation policy and the manufacturing sector: (With a game frame-work for evaluation)." The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies 24, no. 1 (March 1982): 61-89. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Manufacturing sector, Indigenization, Investment policy. 8399 Akintola-Arikawe, J. Ola. "The equity principle and central plan allocation in the manufacturing sector: The Nigerian Third National Development Plan." The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies 23, no. 1 (March 1981): 1-22. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic inequality, Manufacturing sector, Centrally planned economy. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Third National Development Plan 1975-1980. 8400 Akintola-Bello, O., and A. Adedipe. "Estimating the cost of equity capital to Nigerian firms." The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies 25, no. 1 (March 1983): 99-106. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Investment policy, Economic analysis, Economic theory. KEYWORDS: stock valuation theory. 8401 Akintola-Bello, O. "Investment behaviour of insurance companies in Nigeria." The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies 28, no. 2 (July 1986): 229-256. tables. SUBJECTS: Financial

system, Private investment, Capital formation, Business administration, Government regulation, Investment policy. KEYWORDS: insurance industry. Examines the investment policies of insurance companies in Nigeria. Asks what governs their investment and traces changes over the years. Claims that insurance companies are important in mobilizing savings and efficient allocators of capital. 8402 Akintola-Bello, O. "Investment behaviour of insurance companies in Nigeria." Savings and Development 10, no. 4 (1986): 379407. tables. SUBJECTS: Investment policy, Financial system, Government regulation, Business administration, Private investment, Capital formation. KEYWORDS: insurance industry. Examines the investment policies of insurance companies in Nigeria. Asks what governs their investment and traces changes over the years. Claims that insurance companies are important in mobilizing savings and efficient allocation of capital. 8403 Akintola-Bello, Olaseni. "Insurance industry and the Nigerian economy." Savings and Development 9, no. 1 (1985): 57-78. tables. SUBJECTS: National development, Foreign exchange, Business administration, Financial system, Balance of payments. KEYWORDS: insurance industry; savings; capital market. 8404 Akor, M. E. "Indigenous industries and multinational corporations in the second-tier foreign market: Promotion and control measures." The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies 28, no. 1 (March 1986): 89-104. tables. SUBJECTS: Transnational corporations, Economic recovery, Economic planning, Foreign trade, Monetary exchange, Structural adjustment, Industrial sector. KEYWORDS: IMF; SFEM (Second-Tier Foreign Exchange Market). Examines the place of indigenous industries and transnational corporations in the second-tier foreign exchange market. Suggests measures for the promotion of the former and control of the latter. Reviews how transnationals control the Nigerian economy and affect Nigeria's self-reliance strategy. 8405 Aluko-Olokun, Isaac. "An appraisal of the second-tier foreign exchange market (SFEM)." In: Structural Adjustment Programme in a Developing Economy: The Case of Nigeria, edited by Adedotun O. Phillips and Eddy C. Ndekeon. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1987. 53-75 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Monetary policy, Foreign exchange. KEYWORDS : SFEM (Second-Tier Foreign Exchange Market) ; IMF; naira; Central Bank of Nigeria; devaluation. Examines and evaluates Nigeria's second-tier foreign exchange market and attempts to determine the real market value of the naira. Suggests improvements to the policy. 8406 Aluko-Olokun, Isaac. "Debt management: The Nigerian experience." In: Nigeria's International Economic Relations, edited by U. Joy Ogwu and R. Omotayo Olaniyan. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 1989. 193-210 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Debt financing, Debt crisis, Structural adjustment. Examines the Nigerian experience in debt management. Considers the relevance of external financing in the Nigerian economy. Explores the relationship between debt management and structural adjustment. 8407 Aluko-Olokun, Isaac. "Foreign exchange, trade and debt management." In: Economic Policy and Development in Nigeria: 1987, edited by Adedotun O. Phillips and Eddy C. Ndekwu. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1988. 29-53 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign exchange, Oil industry, Foreign trade, Debt financing, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: debt rescheduling; Central Bank of Nigeria. Suggests that 1987 was a year of resource scarcity because it was the first year of the structural adjustment program and the oil market

NIGERIA/Economics • 581 was depressed. Asserts that too much energy and too many resources have been allocated to debt rescheduling. Reviews the oil and foreign exchange markets, as well as external trade and debt.

A collection of scholarly articles analyzing the second-tier foreign exchange market, its prospects, and its implications for the structural adjustment program in Nigeria.

8408 Angaye, Gesiye. "Petroleum and the political economy of Nigeria." In: The Nigerian Economy: A Political Economy Approach, edited by Nigerian Economic Society. London: Longman, 1986.50-69 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Oil industry, Political economy studies, Political analysis, Economic growth policy, Government economic management. Discusses the impact of oil wealth on the economic growth and development of Nigeria. Analyzes the benefits and dangers resulting from dependence on oil as the major export. Suggests new policies for Nigeria's petroleum industry that would maximize real national development.

8415 Awojobi, Ayodele. Where Our Oil Money Has Gone. Akoka, Nigeria: University of Lagos, 1982. 36 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Fiscal policy, Corruption, Oil industry. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Second Republic 1979-1983; Nigerian Constitution 1979.

8409 Archibong, P. E. "An institutional framework for monitoring foreign exchange allocation." In: Management of Nigeria's Foreign Exchange Resources, edited by Ibi Ayaji. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigeria Economic Society, 1985. 33-50 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Budget policy, Import policy, Foreign exchange. 8410 Ariyo, A. "Enhancing judgment accuracy in bank lending decisions: Some issues and some suggestions." The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies 26, no. 3 (November 1984): 387-402. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Credit policy, Banking policy, Financial system, Commercial banking. 8411 Ariyo, Ademola. 'The effect of projected cash flow data on (share) investment decisions: An experimental study." The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies 25, no. 1 (March 1983): 107-118. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Investment policy. 8412 Ate,Bassey E. "Power and necessity in Nigerian-U.S. economic relations since 1960." In: Nigeria's Economic Relations with the Major Developed Market-Economy Countries, 1960-1985, edited by R. A. Akindele and Bassey E. Ate. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 1988. 191-210 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic relations, Market economy, Foreign investment, Foreign aid, Structural adjustment, Trade relations. KEYWORDS: US-Nigeria relations; USAID; newly industrialized countries. Asserts that US-Nigeria relations have intensified over the years and that the US economy serves as the primary source and destination of Nigeria's imports and exports. States that the US does not accord to Nigeria the same strategic value as it does to developing nations in Asia such as South Korea and Taiwan. 8413 Attah, J. "The 1987 budget and the second-tier foreign exchange market (SFEM)." In: The Nigerian Economy under (S)FEM: The Economics of the Foreign Exchange Market in a Developing Economy, edited by J. Attah, M. Kwanashie, and O. Ojowu. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University, 1987. 119-131 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Budget policy, Structural adjustment, Financial system, Foreign exchange, Employment, Taxation policy, Trade policy. KEYWORDS: SFEM (Second-Tier Foreign Exchange Market). A critique of the second-tier foreign exchange market as a way of effecting structural adjustment in the Nigerian economy. Expresses skepticism at the abili ty of that market to render the economy responsive to growth-inducing forces. 8414 Attah, J., M. Kwanashie, and O. Ojowu, eds. The Nigerian Economy under (S)FEM: The Economics of the Foreign Exchange Market in a Developing Economy. Zaria, Nigeria: Department of Economics, Ahmadu Bello University, 1987. 254 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign exchange, Financial system, Fiscal policy, Foreign trade. KEYWORDS: SFEM (Second-Tier Foreign Exchange Market); devaluation.

8416 Awosika, Keziah, and Somayina G. Nwoko. "Some aspects of rural lending in Nigeria." In: Rural Banking in Nigeria, edited by Adeniyi Osuntogun and Wole Adewunmi. Harlow, UK: Longman, 1983. 2-17 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Rural development, Banking, Credit policy. KEYWORDS: Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme 1977. 8417 Awosika, Keziah. "The impact of currency outflow and commodity smuggling on Nigeria's foreign reserves." In: Management of Nigeria's Foreign Exchange Resources, edited by Ibi Ayaji. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigeria Economic Society, 1985. 81-97 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: ECA. 8418 Ayadi, Olusegun. "The random walk hypothesis and the behaviour of share prices in Nigeria." The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies 26, no. 1 (March 1984): 57-67. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic theory, Private investment. KEYWORDS: random walk hypothesis; capital flow. 8419 Ayagi, Ibrahim A. The Trapped Economy: Nigeria: A NonIdeological Strategy for Self-Reliance. Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann, 1990.138 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic crisis, Grassroots movement, Debt crisis, Banking, Nation-building, Oil industry, Selfreliance. KEYWORDS: Central Bank of Nigeria; IMF; Nigerian Structural Adjustment Program. Provides an overview of the development and current conditions of Nigeria's economy. States that despite earning large foreign reserves through oil, the economy is caught in a low-level poverty trap marked by high consumption and external debt. Asserts that the only solution is a grassroots program of self-reliance. 8420 Ayodele, A. Sesan. "Privatization and commercialization of public enterprises and their implications." In: Economic Policy and Development in Nigeria 1987, edited by Adedotun O. Phillips and Eddy Ndekwu. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1988. 137-155 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Privatization, Public sector, Structural adjustment, State-owned enterprise. Examines the policy and development issues surrounding the privatization of public enterprises in Nigeria. Categorizes the various Nigerian public enterprises. Analyzes the mechanism for privatization and its impact on the community. 8421 Ayodele, A. Sesan. "Public enterprises and the structural adjustment programme: Policy implementation and implications." In: Structural Adjustment Programme in a Developing Economy: The Case of Nigeria, edited by Adedotun O. Phillips and Eddy C. Ndekeon. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1987. 109-123 pp. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Privatization, Public sector, State-owned enterprise, Industrial sector, Development planning. KEYWORDS: public services; government subsidy. Assesses the effect that structural adjustment policies have had on Nigeria's public utilities. Asserts that profitable enterprises should be allowed to grow and thrive but those the government subsidizes should be eliminated. Encourages privatization that reinvests in Nigeria.

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8422 Ayu, I. D. "Socialist Korean industrialisation, 1946-1976: A non-capitalist alternative to SAP." In: Policy Issues in Small-Scale Industrial Development in Nigeria, edited by I. L. Bashir and Ode Ojowu. Jos, Nigeria: Centre for Development Studies, University of Jos, 1990. 42-56 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Capitalist development, Development theory, Industrialization, Socialist development. KEYWORDS: Korea. Describes Korea as a positive example for African development. Attributes Korea's success to the integration of agriculture, politics, and culture in the country's development; reliance on its own people; producing for the domestic market; and wage increases—not free market growth. 8423 Balabkins, Nicholas. Indigenization and Economic Development: The Nigerian Experience. London: JAI, 1982. 260 pp. tables. SUBJECTS : Economic development, Decolonization, Foreign investment, Economic crisis, Indigenization, Economic nationalism. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Enterprise Promotion Decree 1977; Indigenization Decree 1972. 8424 Bangura, Yusuf. "IMF/World Bank conditionality and Nigeria's structural adjustment program." In: The IMF and the World Bank in Africa: Conditionality, Impact, and Alternatives, edited by Kjell J. Havnevik. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1987. 95-116 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign exchange, Structural adjustment, Economic development. KEYWORDS: IMF; World Bank; NLC (Nigerian Labour Congress); Babangida, Ibrahim; SFEM (Second-Tier Foreign Exchange Market). Provides a brief overview of Nigeria's economic crisis. Analyzes the extent to which the various governments' adjustment programs were influenced by IMF/World Bank conditionality. Presents Babangida's adjustment program and discusses the introduction of the second-tier foreign exchange market. 8425 Bangura, Yusuf, Rauf Mustapha, and Saidu Adamu. ' T h e deepening economic crisis and its political implications." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 8, no. 3 (1983): 97-119. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic history, Economic crisis, Capitalism, Economic dependency, Industrialization, Class analysis, Employment. KEYWORDS: naira; NPN (National Party of Nigeria); IMF; social democracy. 8426 Bangura, Yusuf, Raufu Mustapha, and Saidu Adamu. ' T h e deepening economic crisis and its political implications." In: Nigeria: A Republic in Ruins, edited by Siddique Mohammed and Tony Edoh. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University, 1986. 172-204 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic crisis, Economic history, Class analysis, Economic dependency, Capitalism, Industrialization, Employment. KEYWORDS: IMF; naira; NPN (National Party of Nigeria); social democracy. A historical and contemporary analysis of Nigeria's economic crisis. Examines the structure of the Nigerian economy and the structural contradictions of the world capitalist system. Focuses on Nigeria's dependent industrial sector, the dependent Nigerian bourgeoisie, and such international agencies as the IMF. 8427 Bangura, Yusuf. "The Nigerian economic crisis." In: World Recession and the Food Crisis in Africa, edited by Peter Lawrence. London: James Currey, 1986. 40-58 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic crisis, Public administration, Economic analysis, Unemployment, Statistical analysis. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Federal Military Government. Reviews the major explanations put forward concerning the Nigerian economic crisis. Examines the official explanations and alternatives and discusses the empirical roots of Nigeria's crisis within the theoretical explanations. 8428 Bangura, Yusuf. "The politics of Nigeria's debt crisis." In:

Nigerian Alternatives, edited by Okello Oculi. Zaria, Nigiera: Gaskiya, 1987.94-130 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Debt financing, Economic crisis, Debt crisis. KEYWORDS: World Bank; capital market; Central Bank of Nigeria; IMF. Asserts that the Nigerian debt crisis is so severe that the burden of repayment is unbearable. Assesses what other countries have done and examines ways that Nigeria can turn the debt in its favor. Suggests debt repudiation as a possible solution to the struggle between Nigeria and the Western capitalist nations. 8429 Bashir, Ibrahim L. Political Economy of an Oligarchy: The Case of Kano's Bourgeoisie. Boston, Massachusetts: African Studies Center, Boston University, 1984. 15 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Political economy studies, State government, Traditional authority, Entrepreneurship. KEYWORDS: Bello, Ahmadu; Gashesh, Ibrahim Musa. 8430 Bashir, Ibrahim L. Politics and Administration of Industrial Incentives and Finance in Nigeria: The Case of Kano. Boston, Massachusetts: African Studies Center, Boston University, 1984. 17 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Financial system, Industrial sector. KEYWORDS: Kano State, Nigeria; Kano Cooperative Bank Ltd.; Northern Nigerian Development Board. 8431 Bashir, Ibrahim Lawan. Sources of Capital Formation and Accumulation among Kano Entrepreneurs, 1950-1980. Boston, Massachusetts: African Studies Center, Boston University, 1986. 17 pp. SUBJECTS: Capital formation, Capital accumulation, Entrepreneurship, Public investment. KEYWORDS: Kano State, Nigeria. Examines the various sources from which indigenous Kano entrepreneurs have formed and accumulated capital. Considers the structure of the Kano state economy and the debate about capital formation in the traditional setting. Describes how capital formation adapted to the marketing board system. 8432 Bello-Imam, I. B., ed. Local Government Finance in Nigeria. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1990.316 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Financial system, Local government, Government expenditure, Taxation policy, Credit policy. KEYWORDS: poll tax. Examines the financial arrangements of Nigeria's local governments and whether finances inhibit their ability to act. Appraises local government sources of income. Explores whether citizens would pay more taxes and fees and how they view their government services. Recommends methods for financial management. 8433 Belotteau, Jacques, and Jacques Tegou. "Le Pétrole et l'économie du Nigeria." Afrique contemporaine 126 (April/June 1983): 30-42. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic planning, Oil industry, Finance, Export market. 8434 Berry, Sara S. "Oil and the disappearing peasantry: Accumulation, differentiation and underdevelopment in Western Nigeria." African Economic History 13 (1984): 1-22. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Mining, Capital accumulation, Underdevelopment, Economic theory, Economic policy. KEYWORDS: cocoa. 8435 Bienen, Henry. "The political economy of income distribution in Nigeria." In: The Political Economy of Income Distribution in Nigeria, edited by Henry Bienen and V. P. Diejomaoh. New York: Holmes and Meier, 1981. 1-27 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Income distribution, Political economy studies, Market economy, Household economy. 8436 Bienen, Henry, and V. P. Diejomaoh, eds. The Political Economy of Income Distribution in Nigeria. New York: Holmes and Meier, 1981. 520 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Political economy studies, Income distribution, Development

NIGERIA/Economics • 583 planning, Rural-urban migration, Education policy, Finance. KEYWORDS: rural income; public expenditure. 8437 Biersteker, Thomas J. "Indigenization and the Nigerian bourgeoisie: Dependent development in African context." In: The African Bourgeoisie: Capitalist Development inNigeria, Kenya, and the Ivory Coast, edited by Paul M. Lubeck. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1987. 249-279 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Kenya. SUBJECTS: Indigenization, Bourgeoisie, Foreign investment, Capitalist development, State intervention, Economic dependency. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Enterprise Promotion Decree No. 4, 1972; Nigerian Enterprises Promotion Board. Illustrates the tension between local and international capital and the ways in which international capital still retains control, if not legal ownership. Compares Nigeria with Kenya and Brazil to highlight the strengths and limits of the dependent development perspective. States the limits of state intervention. 8438 Bonat, Zuwaqhu Aubngwon. "The state, economic crisis, and the real content of capitalist development in Nigeria." In: Nigeria: A Republic in Ruins, edited by Siddique Mohammed and Tony Edoh. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University, 1986. 146-71 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Capitalist development, Economic management, Food policy, Elite analysis, Oil industry, Technology. Explores Nigeria's economic crisis from the perspective of contending theories of global recession, oil glut, and elite mismanagement. Contends that the Nigerian ruling elite has helped to both entrench underdevelopment and create the current economic crisis. 8439 Centre for Social and Economic Research. Planning and Plan Implementation : Proceedings of a Seminar Held at Yankari, Bauchi State, Nigeria. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University, 1981. 403 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Development planning, Budget policy, Rural development, Local government. KEYWORDS: spatial analysis. 8440 Chike, Agu Cletus. "Rural banking: A strategy for rural development in Nigeria—an appraisal." Savings and Development 7, no. 1 (1983): 45-61. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Banking, Capital formation, Credit policy. KEYWORDS: savings. 8441 Chukwumah, S. O. "The role of government in national productivity schemes." In: Productivity in Nigeria: Proceedings of a National Conference, edited by Adenike M. Osoba. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1983. 207-222 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic management, Government bureaucracy. KEYWORDS: Adebo Commission; Nigerian Second National Development Plan 1970-1974; White Paper on Public Service Review Commission Report 1974. 8442 Coker, Q. F. The IMF and Nigeria. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 1985. 94 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Economic development, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: IMF. 8443 Diaku, Ikwuakam. "Commercial banks as sources of industrial finance in Nigeria." In: Commercial Banking in Nigeria, edited by A. Soyode and A. Oyejide. Ibadan, Nigeria: Unibaden, 1986. 195-212 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Commercial banking, Industrial sector, Financial system. KEYWORDS: loan policy. Assesses the loan patterns of banks in Nigeria. Asserts that banks need to cater to the long-term needs of Nigerian industry. 8444 Diaku, Ikwuakam. "Vehicle assembly plants in Nigeria as a means of technology transfer/acquisition: A preliminary assessment." Africa Development!Afrique etdéveloppementl, no. 3 (1982): 22-36. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic relations, Technological development, Foreign investment, Industrialization,

Technology transfer. KEYWORDS: Peugeot; Volkswagen. 8445 Diejomaoh, V. P., and E. C. Anusionwu. "Structure of income inequality in Nigeria: A macro analysis." In: The Political Economy of Income Distribution in Nigeria, edited by Henry Bienen and V. P. Diejomaoh. New York: Holmes and Meier, 1981. 89-125 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Income inequality, Economic development, Oil industry, Industrial development. 8446 Dike, Enwere. "Foreign trade and exchange rate modalities in the socialist economies." In: The Nigerian Economy under (S)FEM: The Economics of the Foreign Exchange Market in a Developing Economy, edited by J. Attah, M. Kwanashie, and O. Ojowu. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University, 1987. 184-201 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign trade, Socialist economy, Economic theory, Foreign aid policy, Capitalist economy. KEYWORDS: exchange rate; COMECON. An analysis and description of the peculiarities of the socialist foreign trade mechanism and the accompanying exchange rate modalities "within the context of economic reshaping in the socialist economies. 8447 Dlakwa, Haruna Dantoro. "Poll tax." In: Local Government Finance in Nigeria, edited by I. B. Bello-Imam. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1990.97-122 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Local government, Taxation policy, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: government revenue; poll tax. Assesses the prospects for increasing the importance of the poll tax as a source of revenue for the local government. Describes the nature of the poll tax and its justification. Examines the decline of the poll tax in Nigeria and argues that it is still needed. 8448 Ebute, Ameh. "Recent economic measures—pros and cons." In: Banks and the Nigerian Economy, edited by Femi Adekanye. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Bankers, 1984. 227-231 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic policy, Economic recovery. KEYWORDS: Economic Stabilization Act 1982. 8449 Edogun, Cliff. "The structure of state capitalism in the Nigerian petroleum industry." In: The Political Economy of Nigeria, edited by Claude Ake. London: Longman, 1985.89-112 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Capitalism, Oil industry, Marketing, Political economy studies. KEYWORDS: OPEC. 8450 Edozien, E. C. "A critical assessment of the role of banks in the Nigerian economy." In: Banks and the Nigerian Economy, edited by Femi Adekanye. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Bankers, 1984. 105-117 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Banking policy, Banking. KEYWORDS: Central Bank of Nigeria; NIDB (Nigerian Industrial Development Bank); NACB (Nigerian Agricultural and Cooperative Bank). 8451 Ekeoku, N. I. "Government external borrowing in the Nigeria post-boom era: Some simulation results and implications." The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies 28, no. 3 (November 1986): 357-368. tables. SUBJECTS: Government borrowing, Debt financing, Debt crisis, Credit policy, Balance of payments, Oil industry, Models. KEYWORDS: econometrics. Uses econometric simulation to determine the impact of government external borrowing on some key economic indicators from 1975 to 1981. Examines the exogenous shock of this policy variable. Analyzes how external capital has influenced the flow of income within the system and the impact of external capital on other macrovariables. 8452 Ekuerhare, Bright U. "Recent pattern of accumulation in the Nigerian economy." In: Nigeria: A Republic in Ruins, edited by Siddique Mohammed and Tony Edoh. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello

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University, 1986. 205-25 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Class analysis, Capital accumulation, Economic crisis, Capitalist economy, Socialist economy, Bourgeoisie. Focuses on the role of the Nigerian bourgeoisie in the accumulation process and the resulting production and foreign trade structures. Argues that state capitalism resulted in an unbalanced, importoriented, and foreign-exchange-intensive production and fostered collaboration with imperialism. 8453 Ekuerhare, Bright U. "Recent patterns of accumulation in the Nigerian economy." Nigerian Journal of Political Science 3, no. 1 (December 1984): 4-21. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Capital accumulation, Economic crisis, Capitalist economy, Socialist economy, Bourgeoisie, Class analysis. 8454 Ekuerhare, Bright U. "Recent patterns of accumulation in the Nigerian economy." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 9, no. 1 (1984): 56-70. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Capital accumulation, Economic crisis, Capitalist economy, Socialist economy, Bourgeoisie, Class analysis. 8455 Eleazu, Uma O. "Foreign trade as a factor of Nigeria's foreign policy." In: Economic Development and Foreign Policy in Nigeria, edited by Gabriel O. Olusanya, Bassey E. Ate, and Adebayo O. Olukoshi. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 1988. 125-135 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign trade, Structural adj u s t m e n t , Foreign policy, Economic crisis, Oil industry. KEYWORDS: EEC; GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade). Assesses the structure of Nigeria's international trade policy. Suggests that several problems emerge, such as that Nigeria can sell only what the West wants to buy and can buy only what the West wants to sell and that Nigeria has acquired tastes that cannot now be satisfied by its own ability to produce. 8456 Elegalam, P. O. "The Nigerian economy since independence." In: Proceedings of the National Conference on Nigeria since Independence, volume 2, edited by M. O. Kayode and Y. B. Usman. Zaria, Nigeria: Panel on Nigeria since Independence History Project, 1985. 24-36 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic history, Agricultural development, Industrial development, Government expenditure, Manufacturing sector. 8457 Enuenwosu, C. E. "The role of monetary policy in the control of inflation in Nigeria." In: Inflation in Nigeria: Proceedings of a National Conference, edited by H. M. A. Onitiri and Keziah Awosika. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1982.248-298 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Inflation, Price policy, Monetary policy. KEYWORDS: Central Bank of Nigeria; economic stabilization. 8458 Eteng, Inyang. "Indigenization for lumpen-bourgeois development in Nigeria." In: The Path to Nigerian Development, edited by Okwudiba Nnoli. Dakar, Senegal: CODESRIA, 1981. 217-243 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Neocolonialism, Technology transfer, Bourgeoisie, Indigenization, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: Nigerian national development plans. 8459 Eteng, Inyang. "Myths and fallacies in Nigerian development." In: The Path to Nigerian Development, edited by Okwudiba Nnoli. Dakar, Senegal: CODESRIA, 1981.48-75 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Capitalist economy, Neocolonialism, Mixed economy. 8460 Ezeife, Emeka. "Nigeria." In: Indigenization of African Economies, edited by Adebayo Adedeji. London: Hutchinson, 1981. 164-186 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Nationalization, Fiscal policy, Foreign aid, Investment policy, Indigenization. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Enterprise Promotion Decree

No. 4, 1972; Nigerian Enterprise Promotion Decree No. 28, 1973; Nigerian Enterprise Promotion Decree No. 7, 1974; Nigerian Enterprise Promotion Decree 1977. 8461 Ezike, J. E. "Short-term capital movements and monetary policy effectiveness: The Nigerian experience." Savings andDevelopment 7, no. 2 (1983): 121-137. tables. SUBJECTS: Monetary policy, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: capital flow. 8462 Fabura, B. A. "NTt theory: A model for transforming stateowned companies in Nigeria." In: Issues in Public Sector Management in Nigeria, edited by Isa Hashim. Zaria, Nigeria: Centre for Management Development, 1985.220-246 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Public sector, Technology transfer, Models, Economic reform. KEYWORDS: NTt theory. 8463 Fadahunsi, Akin. "Political economy of the industrialization strategy of the Nigerian state: 1960-1980." In: Rural Underdevelopment in Nigeria 1900-1980: Department of Political Science Seminar, volume two, edited by Okello Oculi. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University, 1985. 89-102 pp: tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Underdevelopment, Political economy studies, Industrial sector, Self-sufficient economy, Industrialization. 8464 Fadina, A. O. "The increasing role of the capital market in the economy." In: Banks and the Nigerian Economy, edited by Femi Adekanye. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Bankers, 1984. 193201 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Market system, Banking. KEYWORDS: Central Bank of Nigeria; National Provident Fund Board; Nigerian Stock Exchange; Federal Mortgage Bank of Nigeria. 8465 Fafowora, Oladapo O. "Economic factors in Nigeria's foreign policy." In: Economic Development and Foreign Policy in Nigeria, edited by Gabriel O. Olusanya, Bassey E. Ate, and Adebayo O. Olukoshi. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 1988.57-67 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Foreign policy, Debt crisis, Nationalism. KEYWORDS: OPEC; ECOWAS. Provides an overview of Nigeria's foreign policy. Suggests that Nigeria's foreign policy has been undermined by its economic weakness, a weakness that has frustrated its desire to play an active role in West Africa. 8466 Fajana, Olufemi. "Aspects of income distribution in the Nigerian urban sector." In: The Political Economy of Income Distribution in Nigeria, edited by Henry Bienen and V. P. Diejomaoh. New York: Holmes and Meier, 1981. 193-236 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic growth rate, Income distribution, Urban population, Industrial development, Income inequality. 8467 Fajana, Olufemi. "External borrowing: The Nigerian experience." In: Readings in Public Expenditure Programming in Nigeria, edited by O. A. Adeyemo and E. C. Ndekwu. Ibadan, Nigeria: National Centre for Economic Management and Administration, 1990. 285-299 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Government borrowing, Economic development, Economic analysis, Debt crisis, Foreign capital, Foreign policy. Examines issues relating to Nigeria's external borrowing. Outlines the role of foreign capital inflow in Nigerian economic development. Analyzes the causes of Nigeria's external indebtedness and presents policy implications. 8468 Fajana, Olufemi. "Industrial productivity, wages, prices, and employment in Nigeria." In: Productivity in Nigeria: Proceedings of a National Conference, edited by Adenike M. Osoba. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1983. 364-376 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Industrial production, Industrial sector, Wage policy, Price policy, Employment.

NIGERIA/Economics 8469 Fakiyesi, Tayo. "Asset and liability management of commercial banking firms in the process of monetary and financial policy making in Nigeria." Savings and Development 12 (1988): 105-125. tables. SUBJECTS: Commercial banking, Monetary policy, Finance policy. Examines portfolio management activities of commercial banks in Nigeria. Concludes that interest rates are not as important as they are believed to be, that banks are more risk averse than speculative prone, and that net foreign assets matter in terms of the ways banks allocate funds. 8470 Falegan, S. B., and S. O. Ogundare. "Causes of inflation including the relative importance of internal and external causes." In: Inflation in Nigeria: Proceedings of a National Conference, edited by H. M. A. Onitiri and Keziah Awosika. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1982. 126-140 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Oil industry, Import policy, Inflation. KEYWORDS: consumer price index. 8471 Falegan, S. B. Redesigning Nigeria's Financial System. Ibadan, Nigeria: Ibadan University Press, 1987. 440 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Banking policy, Monetary policy, Financial system. KEYWORDS: Central Bank of Nigeria. Assesses the problems facing the Nigerian banking system. Claims that Nigeria is underbanked and that there are few institutions that can act as financial intermediaries. Notes that the Central Bank of Nigeria is also constrained in its authority and control over monetary policy and management. 8472 Falusi, Caleb Ojo. "Commercial banks, and thrift and credit co-operative societies: A survey of Lagos State." Savings and Development 12, no. 4 (1988): 375-390. tables. SUBJECTS: Commercial banking, Cooperatives, Financial system. KEYWORDS: Lagos State, Nigeria. Observes the coexistence of cooperative banks and commercial banks in Lagos, commenting that if formal institutions were performing satisfactorily, the cooperatives would not exist. Addresses the relationship of the two institutions and suggests further integration. 8473 Famoriyo, O. A., and P. B. Imoudu. "A critical evaluation of agricultural credit financing in Nigeria." Savings and Development 12 (1988): 37-53. tables. SUBJECTS: Credit policy, Development financing, Agricultural development. KEYWORDS: Central Bank of Nigeria. Analyzes the role of credit-providing institutions in Nigerian agriculture. Notes the positive credit environment provided by CBN. Considers the reasons why small farmers do not use formal credit more. 8474 Fashola, M. A. "Productivity, wages, prices, and employment: An application to Nigeria's developing economy." In: Productivity in Nigeria: Proceedings of a National Conference, edited by Adenike M. Osoba. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1983. 389-412 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Economic policy, Industrial sector, Industrial production, Economic growth rate, Employment, Infrastructure, Import policy. 8475 Fashoyin, Tayo. Incomes and Inflation in Nigeria. Ibadan, Nigeria: Longman Nigeria, 1984. 246 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Wage policy, Inflation, Income distribution. 8476 Fashoyin, Tayo, A. A. Aderinto, I. G. Oganmwonyi, and Pita Ejiofor, eds. Industrial Relations during Economic Recession: The Role of Employers, Trade Unions and Government in Nigeria. Lagos, Nigeria: Institute of Personnel Management of Nigeria, 1985. 30 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Industrial relations, Labor force, Trade union, Economic recession. KEYWORDS: employer organizations.

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8477 Fasipe, Akintayo, ed. Nigeria's External Debt. Ile-Ife, Nigeria: Obafemi Awolowo University Press, 1990. 133 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Debt financing, Debt crisis. KEYWORDS: debt rescheduling. Examines Nigeria's external debt situation. Highlights various international debt relief plans, including the US plans and the British plans. Examines present and future voluntary debt reduction plans. Reviews the current management of Nigeria's external debt. 8478 Filani, M. O. "Regional planning in Nigeria: The critical issue of economic dependency." In: Urban and Regional Planning Problems in Nigeria, edited by J. O. Abiodun. Ile-Ife, Nigeria: University of Ife Press, 1985. 57-78 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Regional planning policy, Economic dependency, Dependency theory. 8479 Freund, Bill. Capital and Labor in the Nigerian Tin Mines. Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey: Humanities, 1981. 266 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Labor force, Mining, Capitalist development, Resistance movement. KEYWORDS: forced labor; tin. 8480 Frishman, Alan. "Changing revenue base and the future budget crisis of the Kano metropolitan local government." In: The Role of Local Government in Social, Political and Economic Development in Nigeria 1976-1979, edited by Abubakar Yaya Aliyu. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University, 1981. 209-219 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Local government, Taxation policy, Government expenditure. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Local Government Reforms 1976; Kano, Nigeria. 8481 Gana, J. A. "The political economy of regional development: Some implications for regional planning in Nigeria." In: Urban and Regional Planning Problems in Nigeria, edited by A. Faniran, A. Onibokum, and S. I. Abumere. Ibadan, Nigeria: Ibadan University Press, 1985. 35-56 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Resource distribution, Regional development, Political economy studies. KEYWORDS: urban bias. 8482 Gbadamosi, Rasheed. "Federal government recent economic measures: Pros and cons." In: Banks and the Nigerian Economy, edited by Femi Adekanye. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Bankers, 1984. 223-225 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Banking, Economic policy. KEYWORDS: Central Bank of Nigeria; OPEC. 8483 Hashim, Isa, ed. Issues in Public Sector Management in Nigeria. Zaria, Nigeria: Centre for Management Development, 1985. 320 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Financial system, Marketing, Government bureaucracy, Management, Public sector. 8484 Hinchliffe, Keith. "Economic austerity, structural adjustment and education: The case of Nigeria." Institute of Development Studies Bulletin 20, no. 1 (January 1989): 5-10. tables. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Education system, Development financing. KEYWORDS: education financing. Focuses on education and development in Nigeria since 1982, particularly in primary and higher education. Discusses federal education financing as it relates to economic trends and studies the impact of reduced federal funding due to structural adjustment. 8485 Husain, Ishrat. Perspectives on the Nigerian Economy. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 1987. 157 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Public sector, Debt crisis, Agricultural development, Industrial development, Development planning, Financial system. KEYWORDS: World Bank; debt rescheduling. A series of essays presented between 1985 and 1987 on economic policies and problems in Nigeria. Addresses the problems facing Nigeria as a debtor nation and the logic behind its economic adjust-

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ment programs. Assesses the roles that the World Bank plays and should play in agricultural and industrial development. 8486 Ihinmodu, I. I. "Problems of revenue mobilization in Kwara State: A case-study of the effects of abolishing poll/community taxes." In: Local Government in West Africa since Independence, edited by L. Adamolekun, D. Olowu, and M . Laleye. Lagos, Nigeria: University of Lagos Press, 1988. 175-196 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Government economic management, Administration, Law, Taxation policy, Local government. K E Y W O R D S : community tax; poll tax; Kwara State, Nigeria. Assesses the implications of abolishing community tax in Kwara State. Analyzes the problems of public finances in the state and cites the efforts made by successive administrations to solve them. Examines the effects of those legislative efforts. 8487 Ihonvbere, Julius O., and Eme N . Ekekwe. "Dependent capitalism, structural adjustment and democratic possibilities in Nigeria's Third Republic." AfrikaSpectrum 23, no. 3 (1988): 273-291. S U B J E C T S : Capitalist d e v e l o p m e n t , Structural adjustment, Democracy. K E Y W O R D S : dependent capitalism; Nigerian Third Republic. Argues that dependent capitalism and imperialism are still important explanations for the Nigerian economic and social crisis. Adds that dependence and underdevelopment are hardly the context for implementing harsh monetarist policies. Concludes that structural adjustment and dependency undercut democracy. 8488 Ihonvbere, Julius O. "Economic contraction and foreign policy in the periphery: A study of Nigeria's foreign policy towards Africa in the Second Republic (1979-1983)." Afrika Spectrum 22, no. 3 (1987): 267-284. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, Economic recession, Political economy studies. K E Y W O R D S : Nigerian Second Republic 1979-1983; Nigeria-West Africa relations; Southern Africa-Nigeria relations; O A U . Considers Nigeria's foreign policy during the Second Republic from a political economy standpoint. Argues that the conditions arising from dependent capitalist growth in Nigeria prevent human and material resources from being mobilized for self-reliant development and dampen the possibilities for an independent foreign policy. 8489 Ijere, M . O. "Rural banking in Nigeria: Strategies and policies." In: Rural Banking in Nigeria, edited by Adeniyi Osuntogun and W o l e Adewunmi. Harlow, U K : Longman, 1983. 84-99 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Rural development, Credit policy. K E Y W O R D S : Central Bank of Nigeria; World Bank; Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme 1977; Nigerian Financial Review Committee. 8490 Ikein, Augustine A . The Impact of Oil on a Developing Country: The Case of Nigeria. N e w York: Praeger, 1990. 296 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Oil industry, Economic policy, Research methodology, Poverty, Economic analysis. Addresses the impact of the oil industry on the welfare of indigenous peoples in developing economies, particularly Nigeria. Links oil industry performance and Nigeria's patterns of national and regional development. Compares Nigeria's economy to other extractive economies. Evaluates methods of impact assessment. 8491 Iloabachie, N. B. "Salient features in the structure of the Nigerian economy." In: Nigeria: A Republic in Ruins, edited by Siddique Mohammed and Tony Edoh. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University, 1986. 101-130 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Balance of payments, Economic dependency, Fiscal policy, Banking policy. K E Y W O R D S : Nigerian Fourth National Development Plan 1981-1985. Surveys the major problems facing the economy in Nigeria: lopsided economic structure, inflationary deficit financing, low

productivity, smuggling, and unemployment. 8492 Inanga, Eno. "Implications of portfolio theory and the capital asset pricing model for the provision of accounting information by Nigerian quoted companies." The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies 25, no. 2 (July 1983): 169-195. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Financial system, Finance policy, Economic analysis. K E Y W O R D S : stock market. 8493 Inanga, Eno, and Adedoyin Soyibo. "The profitability and size of a Nigerian quoted conglomerate, 1971-1980: A preliminary study." The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies 24, no. 3 (November 1982): 364-372. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development. K E Y W O R D S : U A C (United Africa Company); business sector; economic conglomerate. 8494 Inanga, Eno L., ed. Managing Nigeria's Economic System. Ikeja, Nigeria: Centre for Management Development, 1985. 273 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic system, Management, Economic policy, Foreign investment. 8495 Inanga, Eno L. "Need for reforms in budget preparation." In: Readings in Public Expenditure Programming in Nigeria, edited by O. A . Adeyemo and E. C. Ndekwu. Ibadan, Nigeria: National Centre for Economic Management and Administration, 1990. 185-198 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Budget policy, Economic planning, Government analysis, Government expenditure. K E Y W O R D S : Z B B (zero base budgeting). Examines the need for reforms in the budget preparation in Nigeria. Explores the role of budgetary processes in the federal and state governments of Nigeria. Evaluates the effectiveness of ZBB. 8496 Isichei, Elizabeth. A History of Nigeria. London: Longman, 1983. 517 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Social change, Economic development, Political history, Religion, Economic system, Mining, Green Revolution. 8497 Iyanda, O. "Foreign exchange management for economic development." In: Management of Nigeria's Foreign Exchange Resources: Proceedings of the 1985 One Day Workshop, edited by Ibi Ayaji. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigeria Economic Society, 1985. 99-116 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic planning, Foreign exchange, Monetary policy. 8498 Iyanda, Olukunle, ed. The Nigerian Economy: Issues and Problems of Management. Lagos, Nigeria: Malthouse, 1987. 92 pp. S U B J E C T S : Economic development, Management, Industrial development, Debt crisis, Transnational corporations. Assesses Nigeria's industrial policies since the 1960s and analyzes the basic flaws surrounding management and industrialization. Discusses personnel and managerial problems found in Nigeria in the rapidly changing industrial and economic climates. 8499 Izeogu, C. V., A . T. Salau, and W . D. C. Wokoma. "Impacts of development programmes on the urban poor: A case study of Port Harcourt." In: The Urban Poor in Nigeria, edited by P. K. Makinwa and O. A . Ozo. Ibadan, Nigeria: Liduto, 1987. 139-160 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Urban planning policy, Urban poverty, Resource distribution, Economic analysis. K E Y W O R D S : Port Harcourt, Nigeria; public land servicing. Assesses urban development planning in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, asserting that although the government may be increasing the amount of money allocated to urban development programs, the average Nigerian has benefited very little from application of those funds. Attributes the sitution to an uneven distribution of resources. 8500 Jimoh, A . "The effects of import substitution policy on employment level in Nigeria." The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social

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Studies 26, no. 2 (July 1984): 159-172. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Import policy, Employment opportunity, Import substitution, Budget policy. KEYWORDS: employment creation.

Raises several questions about the second-tier foreign exchange market regarding its prospects of leading to economic recovery and the conditions for its success.

8501 Kalu, Onwuka. The Challenge of Industrialization in Nigeria: A Personal Insight. Ikoyi, Nigeria: Basic Trust, 1986. 84 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Peasant economy, Development financing, Private sector, Private investment, Management, Industrialization, Small business. KEYWORDS: Nigerian national development plans. Discusses industrialization in Nigeria with special reference to government policies and participation by small-scale industrialists. Recognizes the need for managerial skills in the operation of Nigerian industries.

8507 Kwanashie, Mike. "Structural adjustment: Capital accumulation and employment." In: Structural Adjustment Programme in a Developing Economy: The Case of Nigeria, edited by Adedotun O. Phillips and Eddy C. Ndekwu. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1987. 195-206 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Unemployment, Economic recession, Capital accumulation, Employment, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: SFEM (Second-Tier Foreign Exchange Market). Assesses Nigeria's problems of unemployment and underdevelopment by examining capital accumulation and offers policy suggestions.

8502 Kayode, M. O. "Structural adjustment programme (SAP) and the industrial sector." In: Structural Adjustment Programme in a Developing Economy : The Case of Nigeria, edited by Adedotun O. Phillips and Eddy C. Ndekwu. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1987. 145-155 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Industrial sector, Self-sufficient economy, Inflation, Manufacturing sector, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: SFEM (Second-Tier Foreign Exchange Market). Assesses the adequacy of structural adjustment programs in Nigeria from the point of view of the manufacturing sector. 8503 Koehn, Peter. "Political access and capital accumulation: An analysis of state land allocation processes and beneficiaries in Nigeria." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 12, no. 1 (1987): 163-186. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Land-use policy, Resource distribution, Class analysis, Capital accumulation. KEYWORDS: Kano State, Nigeria; Bauchi State, Nigeria. Assesses the distribution of land by the Nigerian government. Asserts that the distribution tends to favor Nigerian business people, civil servants, and military officers. Concludes that this contributes further to the stratification of the Nigerian economy. 8504 Kolawole, Are. "The political environment of under-development in Nigeria." In: Issues on Development: Proceedings of a Seminar Held in Zaria, Nigeria, edited by Akin Fadahunsi, Moses Awogbade, and Are Kolawole. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University, 1985.105-112 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Underd e v e l o p m e n t , C o l o n i a l i s m , Foreign investment, E c o n o m i c dependency, Export policy, Political parties. KEYWORDS: PRP (People's Redemption Party). 8505 Kwanashie, Mike. "Economy and employment generation." In: Economic Policy and Development in Nigeria: 1987, edited by Adedotun O. Phillips and Eddy C. Ndekwu. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1988. 173-189 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Employment, Unemployment, Integrated rural development, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: DFRRI (Directorate of Food, Roads, and Rural Infrastructure); National Directorate of Employment. Assesses the relationship between the structural adjustment program and employment generation in Nigeria, suggesting that the structural adjustment program, in the short run, contributes to further unemployment. Evaluates various government policies aimed at combating unemployment. 8506 Kwanashie, Mike. "Second-tier foreign exchange market (SFEM): Prospects for Nigeria's economic recovery." In: The Nigerian Economy under (S)FEM: The Economics of the Foreign Exchange Market in a Developing Economy, edited by J. Attah, M. Kwanashie, and O. Ojowu. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University, 1987. 106-118 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic crisis, International economic relations, Foreign exchange. KEYWORDS: devaluation; SFEM (Second-Tier Foreign Exchange Market); IMF; World Bank.

8508 Ladipo, O. O. "Concept and measurement problems of inflation in Nigeria." In: Inflation in Nigeria: Proceedings of a National Conference, edited by H. M. A. Onitiri and Keziah Awosika. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1982. 21-26 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Price policy, Underdevelopment, Unemployment, Inflation. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Price Control Board. 8509 Ladipo, P. A. "Banking services for rural needs." In: Rural Banking in Nigeria, edited by Adeniyi Osuntogun and Wole Adewunmi. Harlow, UK: Longman, 1983. 61-69 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Banking, Rural development. KEYWORDS: Isoya Rural Development Project. 8510 Lambo, E. "Commercial bank portfolio management." In: Commercial Banking in Nigeria, edited by A. Soyode and A. Oyejide. Ibadan, Nigeria: Unibadan, 1986. 222-234 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Management, Commercial banking. KEYWORDS: Central Bank of Nigeria. Assesses the effect of profit management and the accommodation principles of commercial banks in Nigeria. 8511 Lambo, E., and A. J. Ogunsuyi. "Prediction of customer loan repayment behaviour: A case study of a commercial bank." The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies 27, no. 1 (March 1985): 65-73. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Credit policy, Banking policy, Commercial banking. KEYWORDS: loan repayment. 8512 Lawal, Adebayo A. "Debt servicing in Nigeria, 1900-1986." In: Modern Nigeria: A Tribute to G. O. Olusanya, edited by Toyin Falola. Lagos, Nigeria: Modelor, 1990. 174-191 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Debt financing, Fiscal policy, Colonialism, Government borrowing. KEYWORDS: Central Bank of Nigeria. Traces the history of external borrowing in Nigeria starting in the era before independence. Addresses the colonial methods of raising loans and how these inherited methods affected the independent nation. Examines the reasons for Nigeria's debt crisis. Follows the establishment of Nigeria's central bank. 8513 Lombo, E. "Structural analysis of loans and advances of commercial banks." In: Commercial Banking in Nigeria, edited by A. Soyode and A. Oyejide. Ibadan, Nigeria: Unibadan, 1986. 171-178 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Credit policy, Commercial banking. Assesses structural changes in allocations of bank loans between 1960 and 1973. 8514 Longe, John B. "Inter-govemment fiscal relations and local government finance in Nigeria." In: Leading Issues in Territorial Decentralisation in Nigeria and France, edited by E. A. O. Oyeyipo, P. J. Buisson, J. O. Egwurube, A. Odoh, and J. P. Daloz. Zaria, Nigeria:

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Ahmadu Bello Univ. Press, 1989. 129-135 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Fiscal policy, Local government, Finance, Taxation policy. Asserts that the existing intergovernmental fiscal relations in Nigeria have affected local government revenues and their levels of performance. Recommends appropriate fiscal adjustments to improve local government finances and their levels of performance. 8515 Lot, C. A. "Rural banking: The role of commercial banks." In: Rural Banking in Nigeria, edited by Adeniyi Osuntogun and Wole Adewunmi. Harlow, UK: Longman, 1983. 18-24 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Rural development, Development planning, Commercial banking. KEYWORDS: rural banking. 8516 Lubeck, Paul M., ed. The African Bourgeoisie: Capitalist Development in Nigeria, Kenya, and the Ivory Coast. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1987. 414 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Kenya, Coted'Ivoire. SUBJECTS: Bourgeoisie, Capitalist development, State-owned enterprise, Marxist analysis, Agricultural development, Transnational corporations, Indigenization. KEYWORDS: ECOWAS; indigenous capitalism; state capitalism. Centers on the historical experience of indigenous capitalist classes and the state in transition, using Nigeria, Kenya, and Cote d'lvoire as examples. Stresses some of the material conditions underlying the development of indigenous capitalism. 8517 Lupton, Kenneth. The Finances of the State Governments in Nigeria, 1968-1976. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University, 1981. 129 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Local government, Fiscal policy, Taxation policy, State government. 8518 Mabawonku, A. F., and A. S. Olomola. "Monetary and fiscal policies in Nigeria 1970-1985: Some implications for agricultural development." Savings and Development 12, no. 4 (1988): 343-362. tables. SUBJECTS: Monetary policy, Fiscal policy, Agricultural development, Credit policy. KEYWORDS: Central Bank of Nigeria. Discusses the relationship between growth and agricultural and monetary policies. Concludes that agricultural development suffered as a result of fiscal austerity, of mismanagement, and of the very policies designed to raise funds for it. Decries the lack of long-term investment in agriculture. 8519 Mabogunje, Akin L. "Coping with structural adjustment: The Nigerian experience." In: Satisfying Africa's Food Needs: Food Production and Commercialization in African Agriculture, edited by Ronald Cohen. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1988.191-208 pp. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Economic crisis. KEYWORDS: IMF; World Bank. Claims that structural adjustment alone can move Nigeria out of its present economic crisis. Analyzes the crisis, describes structural adjustment, suggests why Nigerians accepted it, and explores structural adjustment's impact on the urban and rural sectors. 8520 Madunagu, Edwin. Nigeria: The Economy and the People: The Political Economy of State Robbery and Its Popular-Democratic Negation. London: New Beacon, 1984. 38 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Political economy studies, Economic development, Neocolonialism, Democracy. KEYWORDS: fascism. 8521 Mbanefoh, G. F. "Population growth, government recurrent expenditure, savings and investments." In: Population and Development in Nigeria, edited by I. O. Orubuloye and O. Y. Oyeneye. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1983. 151-169 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Population growth, Fertility, Population policy, Government expenditure. 8522 Mbanefoh, Gini. "Gone with the wind: A note on the combined effects of progressive tax rate schedule and inflation on gains from University System Scale (USS)." The Nigerian Journal of Economics

and Social Studies 27, no. 2 (July 1985): 217-224. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Education system, Taxation policy, Income distribution. KEYWORDS: education financing; USS (University System Scale). 8523 Mbanefoh, Gini. "SFEM: What lessons from other African experiences?" The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies 28, no. 1 (March 1986): 25-43. tables. ALSO COVERS: Zambia, Ghana. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Foreign exchange, Monetary policy, Case study. KEYWORDS: SFEM (Second-Tier Foreign Exchange Market); naira. Discusses Nigeria's monetary and foreign exchange policies and its proposal to establish a second-tier foreign exchange market. Uses similar markets in Zambia and Ghana as case studies. Concludes that such a market can be a useful tool in restructuring an ailing monocultural economy such as Nigeria's. 8524 Mbanefoh, Gini F. "Aspects of Nigerian public finance." In: Readings in Public Expenditure Programming in Nigeria, edited by O. A. Adeyemo and E. C. Ndekwu. Ibadan, Nigeria: National Centre for Economic Management and Administration, 1990. 224-238 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Finance, Finance policy, Public investment, Taxation policy. KEYWORDS: public finance. Reviews the various sources that finance government activities in Nigeria. Focuses on taxation as the major source of Nigerian government revenue. Touches upon user charges as a source of revenue. Discusses issues surrounding the restructuring of Nigerian government revenue. 8525 Mbanefoh, Gini F. "Programming and public expenditure under changing economic conditions." In: Readings in Public Expenditure Programming in Nigeria, edited by O. A. Adeyemo and E. C. Ndekwu. Ibadan, Nigeria: National Centre for Economic Management and Administration, 1990. 80-87 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Public investment. KEYWORDS: public expenditure. Examines the process by which Nigerian government planners make expenditure reduction decisions. Assesses which sectors are more vulnerable to expenditure cuts than others. Examines the rationale and consequences of such choices. 8526 Mbanefoh, Gini F. "Public sector and the structural adjustment programme." In: Structural Adjustment Programme in a Developing Economy: The Case of Nigeria, edited by Adedotun O. Phillips and Eddy C. Ndekwu. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1987. 95-108 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Market economy, Public sector, Structural adjustment. Assesses the implications of structural adjustment for the public sector of the Nigerian economy. Addresses the rationale behind government intervention. 8527 Mbanefoh, Gini F. "Wither the finances of the state: A survey of the developments in federal government fiscal operations." In: Economic Policy and Development in Nigeria: 1987, edited by Adedotun O. Phillips and Eddy C. Ndekwu. Ibadan, Nigeria: Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1988. 113-135 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Public sector, Fiscal policy, Budget policy, Foreign exchange, Oil industry, Government expenditure. Assesses the major issues surrounding developments in federal government revenue, expenditure, and fiscal policy during 1987. Provides an overview and an assessment of the 1987 Nigerian national budget, analyzes major issues and developments in government fiscal operations, and offers suggestions and policy recommendations. 8528 Mohammed, Abubakar Siddique. "Management of the economy and the current economic crisis." In: Nigeria: A Republic in Ruins, edited by Siddique Mohammed and Tony Edoh. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University, 1986. 131-145 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic management, Agricultural sector,

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Raw materials, Government economic management. KEYWORDS: capital flow; Shagari, Shehu. Analyzes Nigeria's economic performance during the Shagari administration. Contends that the economic crisis was caused by mismanagement, plunder, and corruption in a dependent capitalist economy. 8529 Mokuolu, J. A. "Funding new ventures." In: Banks and the Nigerian Economy, edited by Femi Ademanye. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Bankers, 1984. 119-149 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Oil industry, Financial system, Banking. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Enterprise Promotion Decree 1977. 8530 Monnoyer, Marie Christine, and Jean Philippe. "Nigeria: des ajustements douloureux." Politique africaine no. 30 (June 1988): 77-83. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Debt crisis, Economic theory, Entrepreneurship, Oil industry, Banking, Peasant class. KEYWORDS: Babangida, Ibrahim; middle class. Discusses the alteration of Nigeria's economic policy from one of protectionism and state controls to a much more open and neoclassical economic system. Concludes that it is the urban elite population that has the most to lose from those changes. 8531 Nafziger, E. Wayne. The Economics of Political Instability: The Nigerian-Biafran War. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Replica, 1982.251 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Civil war, Class conflict, Economic crisis, Political instability. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Civil War 1967-1970; reconstruction; Biafran war. 8532 Ndebbio, John E. Udo. "Second-tier foreign exchange market: Capital flows, investment, and general price levels in Nigeria." In: The Nigerian Economy under (S)FEM: The Economics of the Foreign Exchange Market in a Developing Economy, edited by J. Attah, M. Kwanashie, and O. Ojowu. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University, 1987.84-105 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, International economic relations, Price policy, Fiscal policy, Foreign capital, Foreign exchange, Balance of payments. KEYWORDS: Central Bank of Nigeria; SFEM (Second-Tier Foreign Exchange Market). Determines whether or not the second-tier foreign exchange market can help Nigeria in its attempt to restructure the economy. Suggests what the operational modalities and management of a second-tier foreign exchange market should be like and examines the effect of SFEM on capital flow, investment, and price level. 8533 Ndekwu, E. C. "Central Bank, internal debt, monetary policy and structural adjustment programme for Nigeria." In: Structural Adjustment Programme in a Developing Economy: The Case of Nigeria, edited by Adedotun O. Phillips and Eddy C. Ndekwu. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1987. 77-94 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Structural adjustment, Monetary policy. KEYWORDS: Central Bank of Nigeria. Assesses and evaluates Nigeria's structural adjustment policy of the mid-1980s. Attempts to place the program within the integrated global economy. Suggests that Nigeria's structural adjustment program may not put it on the path to economic growth and prosperity. 8534 Ndekwu, Eddy C. "Domestic credit, money supply and monetary policy." In: Economic Policy and Development in Nigeria: 1987, edited by Adedotun O. Phillips and Eddy C. Ndekwu. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1988. 55-80 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Monetary policy, Credit policy, Debt financing, Banking policy, Foreign exchange, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: Central Bank of Nigeria. Assesses the problems surrounding monetary policies in Nigeria by surveying monetary development in 1987 and identifying the principal credit and monetary policy issues and development. Addres-

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ses the issues of credit and interest rate regulation and banking policy. 8535 Ndekwu, Eddy Chicka. Government Borrowing, Money Supply and Monetary Policy in Nigeria: Government's Monetary Impact in a Mixed Economy. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1983. 180 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Government borrowing, Government economic management, Fiscal policy, Debt crisis, Economic theory, Monetary policy, Credit policy. 8536 Ndekwu, Eddy Chicka. Monetary Development and Management inNigeria: A Study of Monetary Theories, Policies, and Realities in the Management of Nigeria's Economy. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1990. 326 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Monetary policy, Credit policy, Management, Economic management, Inflation, Historical analysis, Oil industry. KEYWORDS: Central Banking Paradigm; London Model. Examines monetary theories, policies, and realities in the management of the Nigerian economy from 1960 to 1980. Propounds a theory of credit in an ideonomic economy. Highlights the various operative factors underlying the monetary management process. 8537 Nkom, Steven Adamu. "Co-operatives and the political economy of agrarian capitalist development in Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Political Science 4, no. 1/2 (December 1985): 105-119. SUBJECTS: Cooperatives, Political economy studies, Capitalist development, Class formation, Credit policy, Agricultural development. KEYWORDS: agrarian capitalism. 8538 Nnoli, Okwudiba. "A short history of Nigerian underdevelopment." In: The Path to Nigerian Development, edited by Okwudiba Nnoli. Dakar, Senegal: CODESRIA, 1981. 94-136 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Underdevelopment, Capitalist economy, Colonialism, Neocolonialism, Export economy. KEYWORDS: UKNigeria relations. 8539 N n o l i , Okwudiba. "Development/underdevelopment: Is Nigeria developing?" In: The Path to Nigerian Development, edited by Okwudiba Nnoli. Dakar, Senegal: CODESRIA, 1981. 21-47 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Nationalism, Foreign investment, Capitalist economy, Underdevelopment. 8540 Nnoli, Okwudiba. "Introduction: The intellectual aspects of the struggle for Nigerian development." In: The Path to Nigerian Development, edited by Okwudiba Nnoli. Dakar, Senegal: CODESRIA, 1981. 1-20 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Capitalist economy, Socialist economy, Mixed economy, Nationalism, Marxist analysis. KEYWORDS: Nigerian national development plans. 8541 Nnoli, Okwudiba, ed. The Path to Nigerian Development. Dakar, Senegal: CODESRIA, 1981. 264 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Capitalist economy, Underdevelopment, Imperialism, Socialist economy, Class analysis, Indigenization. 8542 Nnoli, Okwudiba. ' T h e path to Nigerian development: Conclusions." In: The Path to NigerianDevelopment, edited by Okwudiba Nnoli. Dakar, Senegal: CODESRIA, 1981. 244-262 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Capitalist economy, Underdevelopment, Socialist economy. 8543 Ntamere, C. C. "Local revenues and urban economic development." In: The Role of Local Government in Social, Political and Economic Development in Nigeria 1976-1979, edited by Abubakar YayaAliyu. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University, 1981.165-175 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Local government, Urban planning policy, Taxation policy. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Local Government Reforms 1976; urban economy. 8544 Ntamere, C. C. "Metropolitan finance in Nigeria: Sources and

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variations." In: Urban and Regional Planning Problems in Nigeria, edited by J. O. Abiodun. Ile-Ife, Nigeria: University of Ife Press, 1985. 247-271 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Urban planning policy, Financial system.

and real development of the Nigerian economy. Outlines the evolution and structure of Nigerian banking. Examines the objectives of Nigerian banking and appraises the performance of the banks in meeting those goals.

8545 Ntamere, C. C. "On the relevance of revenue allocation in the achievement of even development." In: Achieving Even Development in Nigeria: Problems and Prospects, edited by E. J. Nwosu. Enugu, Nigeria: Fourth Dimension, 1985. 395-405 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Foreign aid, Foreign investment, Monetary policy, Even development.

8553 Nwanna, Gladson I. 'The impact of foreign direct investment on domestic capital formation in a developing country: Nigeria." Savings and Development 10, no. 3 (1986): 265-276. tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign investment, Capital formation, Domestic investment, Private investment. Evalutes the impact of private foreign investment on domestic investment from 1960 to 1980 in Nigeria. Argues that the effect of the former on the latter is negative only in the short term and is positive in the long term. Describes foreign investment as an important source of growth capital.

8546 Nwankwo, G. O. "Causes of inflation in Nigeria and the relative importance between external and internal causes." In: Inflation in Nigeria: Proceedings of a National Conference, edited by H. M. A. Onitiri and Keziah Awosika. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1982. 71-97 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic crisis, Monetary policy, Underdevelopment, Oil industry, Inflation. KEYWORDS: devaluation; Nigerian national development plans. 8547 Nwankwo, G. O. "Managing the Nigerian economy under the structural adjustment programme (SAP), monetary policies and the second tier foreign exchange market—SFEM." Savings and Development 12, no. 3 (1988): 207-220. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Monetary policy, Foreign exchange. KEYWORDS: SFEM (SecondTier Foreign Exchange Market). Considers the economic malaise that the structural adjustment program and the second-tier foreign exchange market were designed to alleviate. Describes the programs and assesses their effectiveness. 8548 Nwankwo, G. O. Nigeria and OPEC: To Be or Not to Be. Ibadan, Nigeria: African Universities Press, 1983. 77 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Oil industry, Natural resource management, Energy industry, Balance of payments, Government economic management. KEYWORDS: OPEC; international commonwealth theory. 8549 Nwankwo, G. O. "Oil glut: Effects on government financing." In: Banks and the Nigerian Economy, edited by Femi Adekanye. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Bankers, 1984. 15-36 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Oil industry, Government economic management. KEYWORDS: OPEC. 8550 Nwankwo, G. O. Prudential Regulation of Nigerian Banking. Lagos, Nigeria: University of Lagos Press, 1990. 94 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Banking policy, Banking. KEYWORDS: prudential regulation; Central Bank of Nigeria. Examines how the concept of prudential regulation of banking operates in Nigeria. Examines the philosophy of prudential regulation in Nigeria and explores the rationale for regulation of Nigerian banking. 8551 Nwankwo, G. O. "The indigenisation of Nigerian banking." In: Commercial Banking in Nigeria, edited by A. Soyode and A. Oyejide. Ibadan, Nigeria: Unibadan, 1986. 22-32 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Banking policy, Banking. KEYWORDS: Central Bank of Nigeria. Assesses the relationship between the Nigerian economy and both foreign and indigenized banking. 8552 Nwankwo, G. O. "The role of banks in the Nigerian economy." In: Nigeria's International Economic Relations, edited by U. Joy Ogwu and R. Omotayo Olaniyan. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 1989.30-49 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Banking, Economic analysis, Banking policy. KEYWORDS: Central Bank of Nigeria. Examines the role of the banks in the savings investment process

8554 Nweke, G. Aforka. "Inequality and instability in Nigeria: The political economy of neo-colonial development." In: Achieving Even Development in Nigeria: Problems and Prospects, edited by E. J. Nwosu. Enugu, Nigeria: Fourth Dimension, 1985. 75-98 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Colonialism, Neocolonialism, Economic inequality, Even development, Civil war. KEYWORDS: Agbekoya Rebellion 1968-1970; Nigerian General Strike 1964; Nigerian Civil War 1967-1970; Biafran war. 8555 Nwinia, Christian S. "Bank capital funds and the Nigerian merchant banking system." Savings and Development 14, no. 3 (1990): 247-264. tables. SUBJECTS: Banking, Capital accumulation, Credit policy. KEYWORDS: savings. Explores the capital policy of Nigerian merchant banks. Addresses banks' needs for capital funds and their view of capital adequacy. Claims that in theory, adequacy is related to risk but that banks see it in relation to credit-granting. Notes that the capital-loan ratio in Nigeria is high. 8556 Nwinia, Christian S. 'The statutory liquidity requirements and the Nigerian merchant banking system." Savings and Development 10, no. 2 (1986): 197-206. SUBJECTS: Commercial banking, Monetary policy. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Merchant Banks. Postulates that the merchant banking system is expected to maintain high levels of liquidity and that merchant bankers agree. Explains why merchant banks are dependent on a high level of liquidity. 8557 Nwoke, Chibuzo N. "Towards authentic economic nationalism in Nigeria." Africa Today 33, no. 4 (1986): 51-69. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic theory, Economic policy, International economic relations, Economic nationalism, Underdevelopment, Political instability. KEYWORDS: OPEC. Underlines the disparity between the concept and practice of economic nationalism in the context of the Nigerian political economy. Indicates that the subject of economic nationalism would be a useful variable in foreign policy analysis. 8558 Nwosu, E. J., ed. Achieving Even Development in Nigeria: Problems and Prospects. Enugu, Nigeria: Fourth Dimension, 1985. 454 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Development planning, Economic growth policy, Even development. 8559 Nwosu, E. J. "Towards equity-oriented industrial relations in Nigeria: The future of trade union objectives." In: Achieving Even Development in Nigeria: Problems and Prospects, edited by E. J. Nwosu. Enugu, Nigeria: Fourth Dimension, 1985. 205-227 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Industrial relations, Political economy studies, Trade union. 8560 Nyong, Michael O. "The impact of quality of management on the profitability of commercial banks: The Nigerian experience." Savings and Development 13, no. 2 (1989): 199-211. biblio, tables.

NIGERIA/Economics SUBJECTS: Commercial banking, Management, Economic management. Investigates whether differences in management efficiency affect bank profitability. Uses education and experience as signs of management ability. Concludes that bank managers with education and experience do correlate with profitability. 8561 Obadan, Michael I. "A critical appraisal of the SFEM as an instrument of policy." In: The Nigerian Economy under (S)FEM: The Economics of the Foreign Exchange Market in a Developing Economy, edited by J. Attah, M. Kwanashie, and O. Ojowu. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University, 1987. 36-55 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic policy, Free market, Fiscal policy, Export policy, Import policy, Foreign exchange, Government economic management. KEYWORDS: SFEM (Second-Tier Foreign Exchange Market); devaluation. A critique of the second-tier foreign exchange market policy and an evaluation of its theoretical and practical implications for the Nigerian economy. 8562 Obadan, Michael I. "Development in Nigeria's external debts." In: Economic Policy and Development in Nigeria: 1987, edited by Adedotun O. Phillips and Eddy C. Ndekwu. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1988. 7-28 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Debt financing, Debt crisis, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: MAN (Manufacturers Association of Nigeria); IMF. Assesses the problem of debt in the Nigerian economy from the point of view of the manufacturers' class. Examines the size and features of external debt, the problems surrounding debt rescheduling, Nigeria's relationship to the IMF, and possible options regarding debt repayment. 8563 Obadan, Michael I. "Theory and practice of the second-tier foreign exchange market in Nigeria: Nine months after." In: Structural Adjustment Programme in a Developing Economy: The Case of Nigeria, edited by Adedotun O. Phillips and Eddy C. Ndekwu. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1987. 35-51 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Market economy, Structural adjustment, Monetary policy. KEYWORDS: SFEM (Second-Tier Foreign Exchange Market). Assesses Nigeria's second-tier foreign exchange market, concluding that it has produced little success. Suggests ways to develop a more successful form of structural adjustment in Nigeria. 8564 Obasi, Isaac N. "The domestic dimensions of the Nigerian economy: 1960-1985." In: Nigeria's International Economic Relations, edited by U. Joy Ogwu and R. Omotayo Olaniyan. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 1989. 2-19 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Economic theory, Dependency theory, Transnational corporations, Economic dependency. KEYWORDS: domestic economy. Outlines the theoretical framework of Nigerian dependency in order to analyze Nigerian economy between the years 1960 and 1985. Focuses on the structure of Nigerian economy and the implications of its dependence on Western multinational corporations. 8565 Obi, A. W. "Options for long-term management of foreign exchange in Nigeria." The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies 28, no. 1 (March 1986): 45-69. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Development policy, Monetary exchange, Monetary policy, Foreign exchange. KEYWORDS: dual exchange rate system; SFEM (Second-Tier Foreign Exchange Market). Considers long-term options for foreign exchange management in Nigeria. Examines the use of a secondary foreign exchange market as a management tool. Argues that any management program must determine the role that foreign exchange is to play in the country's overall development plan.

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8566 Odama, J. S. "Models and econometric modelling." In: Readings in Public Expenditure Programming in Nigeria, edited by O. A. Adeyemo and E. C. Ndekwu. Ibadan, Nigeria: National Centre for Economic Management and Administration, 1990.139-147 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Economic planning, Economic theory, Models. KEYWORDS: economic models. Provides an introduction to econometric modeling in Nigeria. Examines the role of model building in decisionmaking. 8567 Odama, J. S. "SFEM in the context of a developing economy." In: The Nigerian Economy under (S)FEM: The Economics of the Foreign Exchange Market in a Developing Economy, edited by J. Attah, M. Kwanashie, and O. Ojowu. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University, 1987. 11-16 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Price policy, Fiscal policy, Monetary policy, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: Odama Committee Report 1983; SFEM (Second-Tier Foreign Exchange Market). Offers a definition of structural adjustment as the main context of Nigeria's second-tier foreign exchange market policy. 8568 Odedokun, M. O. "Causalities between financial aggregates and economic activities in Nigeria: The results from Granger's test." Savings and Development 13, no. 1 (1988): 5-16. tables. SUBJECTS: Market system, Price policy, Economic growth rate. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Stock Exchange. Considers stock market prices on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. Describes efficient markets as those that do not have high, abnormal rates of return. Argues that an efficient market is marked by lack of news and equipment, low regulation, and few investors. 8569 Odedokun, M. O. "The impacts of fiscal variables, financial variables and composition of financial aggregates on Nigerian economy." Savings and Development 12, no. 2 (1988): 127-144. tables. SUBJECTS: Financial system, Banking, Credit policy, Fiscal policy. Addresses the effectiveness of monetary policies versus fiscal policies. Examines the impact of bank credit on the Nigerian economy. Concludes that monetary and credit policies are more effective than is fiscal policy in stimulating economic activity. Suggests that bank portfolio composition has no effect on economic activity. 8570 Odife, Dennis O. Privatization in Nigeria: Concepts, Issues, and Modalities. Lagos, Nigeria: Simsun Adeyemo, 1988. 151 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Private sector, Private investment, Monetary exchange, Wage policy, Structural adjustment, State-owned enterprise. KEYWORDS: stock market; insurance industry. Analyzes various concepts and issues essential during the transition to privatization, including transfer of share ownership, fate of parastatals' shares, effect on workers, and need for a mature stock exchange market. 8571 Odife, Dennis O. Structural Adjustment and Economic Revolution in Nigeria. Ibadin, Nigeria: Heinemann Nigeria, 1989. 246 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Economic analysis, Monetary policy, Indigenization, Foreign investment, Financial system, Management. KEYWORDS: devaluation; SFEM (Second-Tier Foreign Exchange Market); IMF. Provides an overview of the Nigerian economy and asserts that only far-reaching structural transformation will enable the Nigerian economy to prosper. Focuses on the role of foreign investments in the Nigerian economy. Suggests that the financial sector is the key to rapid industrial and technological development. Analyzes the Structural Adjustment Programme of Nigeria. 8572 Odufalu, Johnson O. "Distributive impact of public expenditures in Nigeria." In: The Political Economy of Income Distribution in Nigeria, edited by Henry Bienen and V. P. Diejomaoh. New York:

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Holmes and Meier, 1981. 455-483 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Government expenditure, Income distribution. KEYWORDS: Operation Feed the Nation; Nigerian national development plans. 8573 Offiong, Daniel. 'The prevalence and repercussions of corruption in Nigeria." In: Nigeria: Corruption in Development, edited by Femi Odekunle. Ibadan, Nigeria: Ibadan University Press, 1983.164175 pp. SUBJECTS: Capital formation. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Federal Military Government; Nigerian First Republic 1960-1965. 8574 Ogene, F. Chidozie. "Domestic economic interest groups and foreign policy." In: Economic Development and Foreign Policy in Nigeria, edited by Gabriel O. Olusanya, Bassay E. Ate, and Adebayo O. Olukoshi. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 1988. 68-81 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Foreign policy, Economic crisis, Foreign investment. KEYWORDS: economic interest group; IMF; MAN (Manufacturers Association of Nigeria). Examines how external factors and interests impinge on Nigeria's domestic economy; how the relationship determines, circumscribes, and defines government responses to development plans; and how Nigeria's foreign policy is determined by that relationship. 8575 Ogiogio, Genevesi O. "Response of financial intermediaries to interest rate differentials and implications for monetary policy administration in Nigeria." Savings and Development 13 (1989): 35-51. tables. SUBJECTS: Monetary policy, Banking. Examines the effect of interest rates on Nigerian economy. Considers the behavior of financial intermediaries in response to interest rates. Claims that the lower rates set by the government work against investment. Concludes that interest rate is an important monetary instrument. 8576 Ogun, Oluremi. "Devaluation and the Nigerian economy: Some observations." The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies 27, no. 2 (July 1985): 163-178. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Monetary policy, International economic relations, Monetary exchange, Balance of payments. 8577 Ogunbamowo, F. A. "Productivity schemes in industry." In: Productivity in Nigeria: Proceedings of a National Conference, edited by Adenike M. Osoba. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1983. 243-251 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Government bureaucracy, Credit policy, Labor policy, Monetary policy, Rural development. KEYWORDS: agricultural mechanization; transport; productivity. 8578 Ogunbanjo, C. O. Nigeria's Economic and Industrial Development—Which Way? London: Nash, 1983.137 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Capital formation, Foreign investment, Private sector, Mixed economy, Business administration. KEYWORDS: US-Nigeria relations. 8579 Ogunbanjo, C. O. Nigeria—the Search for Economic Stability. Nigeria: C. O. Ogunbanjo, 1986. 103 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Banking policy, Legal development, Ethnic politics, Foreign exchange. KEYWORDS: IMF; liberalization. Addresses government intervention in imports and exports. Assesses the impact of IMF conditionalities on the level of debt and foreign currency reserves, the impact of the credit system of loans and mortgage, the ramifications of legislation on liberalization, and the impact of culture on politics. 8580 Ogundipe, S. O. Second-Tier Foreign Exchange Market in Nigeria. Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann, 1987.96 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Economic development, International relations, Debt crisis, Foreign exchange. KEYWORDS: Central Bank of Nigeria;

naira; SFEM (Second-Tier Foreign Exchange Market). Assesses naira exchange rates and Nigeria's second-tier foreign exchange market. 8581 Ohiorhenuan, John. "Ideology and method in the theory of development planning." The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies 26, no. 3 (November 1984): 345-354. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Development policy, Development planning, Centrally planned economy. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Second National Development Plan 1970-1974. 8582 Ohiorhenuan, John F. E. "Re-colonising Nigerian industry: The first year of the structural adjustment programme." In: Structural Adjustment Programme in a Developing Economy: The Case of Nigeria, edited by Adedotun O. Phillips and Eddy C. Ndekwu. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1987. 133-143 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Liberalism, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: SFEM (Second-Tier Foreign Exchange Market); World Bank; Berg Report 1981. Evaluates Nigeria's structural adjustment program and the World Bank's changing position on development. Assesses the relationship between industry and Nigeria's structural adjustment program. 8583 Ojo, Ade T. "Real estate financing in Nigeria." Savings and Development 7, no. 4 (1983): 339-357. tables. SUBJECTS: Credit policy, Land-use policy, Development financing, Banking. KEYWORDS: real estate; mortgages; NBS (Nigeria Building Society Limited); Federal Mortgage Bank of Nigeria. 8584 Ojo, Olatunde, and Peter Koehn. "Nigeria's foreign exchange controls: An alternative to IMF Conditions and Dependency?" Africa Today 33, no. 4 (1986): 7-32. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Military government, Debt crisis, Economic policy, Government regulation, Foreign exchange. KEYWORDS: devaluation; Exchange Control (antisabotage) Decree 1984; IMF. Discusses the economic policies of Nigeria's military governments in their efforts to reform foreign policy exchange and rid the country of corruption. Analyzes the IMF prescriptions for economic prosperity. Concludes that the country would not progress toward economic recovery and self-reliance if it accepted IMF proposals. 8585 Ojowu, Ide. "Long term management of Nigeria's foreign exchange." In: The Nigerian Economy under (S)FEM: The Economics of the Foreign Exchange Market in a Developing Economy, edited by J. Attah, M. Kwanashie, and O. Ojowu. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University, 1987. 17-35 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Commercial banking, International economic relations, Foreign exchange, Capital formation, Market economy, Centrally planned economy, Balance of payments. KEYWORDS: debt rescheduling; SFEM (Second-Tier Foreign Exchange Market); investment income. Uses a neoclassical framework to demonstrate that the long-term management of Nigeria's foreign exchange rate should be based on a development plan, not on market forces. 8586 Okagbare, O. "MBO (management by objectives) in the federal public service." In: Productivity inNigeria: Proceedings of a National Conference, edited by Adenike M. Osoba. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1983. 223-240 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Management, Government bureaucracy, State-owned enterprise, Public administration. 8587 Okigbo, P. N. C. "Economic implications of the 1979 constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria." In: The Nigerian Economy: A Political Economy Approach, edited by Nigerian Economic Society. London: Longman, 1986.16-40 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Constitutional development, Income distribution, Banking policy, Economic planning, Fiscal policy, Local government. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Federal Military Government; Nigerian Con-

NIGERIA/Economics stitution 1979. Outlines the alteration of Nigeria's fiscal structures as decreed by the 1979 constitution. Recognizes that local governments should have some say in their specific fiscal policies. Assesses several issues surrounding the economic impact of the 1979 constitution. 8588 Okigbo, P. N. C. Nigeria's Financial System. Harlow, Essex, UK: Longman, 1981.288 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Monetary policy, Banking policy, Public sector, Commercial banking, Banking. KEYWORDS: Central Bank of Nigeria. 8589 Okigbo, P. N. C. "The role of government in aggregative planning: A comment." The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies 24, no. 3 (November 1982): 275-283. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Free market, Centrally planned economy. KEYWORDS: public-good theory. 8590 Okolo, Amechi. "Nigeria and the IMF loan." In: African Development: The OAUIECA Plan of Action and Beyond, edited by Ralph I. Onwuka, 'Layi Abegunrin, and Dhanjoo N. Ghista. Lawrenceville, Virginia: Brunswick, 1985. 198-219 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Government borrowing, Historical analysis, Debt crisis, Debt financing. KEYWORDS: IMF; Buhari, Muhammadu; Nigerian Federal Military Government. 8591 Okongwu, Chu S. P. The Nigerian Economy: Anatomy of a Traumatised Economy with Some Proposals for Stabilisation. Enugu, Nigeria: Fourth Dimension, 1986. 461 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic crisis, Agricultural production, Industrial development, Urbanization. Discusses the inability of Nigeria's oil industry to include itself as a true sector of the Nigerian economy. Makes recommendations on how to break out of the current economic crisis. 8592 Okonjo-Iweala, Ngozi. "Developing financial institutions in Nigeria's rural areas: Some farm-household perspectives." Savings and Development 6, no. 2 (1982): 169-193. tables. SUBJECTS: Household analysis, Financial system, Rural development, Informal sector, Cooperatives, Commercial banking. KEYWORDS: Yakasai, Nigeria; Turawa, Nigeria; Giwa, Nigeria; Araromi, Nigeria; Nomeh, Nigeria. 8593 Okonkwo, Patrick A. "Public policy: Public and private enterprise interaction." In: Proceedings of the National Conference on Nigeria since Independence, volume one, edited by J. A. Atanda and A. Y. Aliyu. Zaria, Nigeria: Panel on Nigeria Since Independence History Project, 1985. 51-59 pp. SUBJECTS: Health care system, Policy analysis, Fiscal policy, Monetary policy, Education policy, Manufacturing sector.

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development, Budget policy, Development financing, Public sector. Chronicles the pattern and level of federal government spending on agriculture from 1981 to 1985. Identifies the proportion of the budget allocated to agriculture and to the priority areas within agriculture. Relies on projections rather than actual expenditures. Concludes that allocations were deeply inadequate. 8596 Okorie, Aja. "Nigerian government prescribed allocations to agriculture: A case study of the performance of the trading banks." Savings andDevelopment 11, no. 1 (1987): 55-67. tables. SUBJECTS: Commercial banking, Credit policy, Agricultural policy. KEYWORDS: Central Bank of Nigeria. Asserts that lending to agriculture has been low. Questions the response by commercial banks to government requirements that banks lend a certain portion to agriculture. Requests raises in the amount of lending required of commercial and merchant banks. Suggests improvements to the lending environment. 8597 Okorie, Aja. "The extent of risk in commercial banks' lending to agriculture in Nigeria: Some evidence." Savings and Development 10, no. 4 (1986): 409-418. tables. SUBJECTS: Commercial banking, Agricultural policy, Credit policy. Notes that the government has asked commercial banks to loan more to farmers but that commercial banks insist such loans present higher risks. Presents empirical evidence disproving the commercial banks' claims by showing that during the previous five years risks in other sectors were higher than for agriculture. 8598 Okorie, Aja. 'The role of commercial banks in funding agriculture in Nigeria (1960-1984)." Savings and Development 12 (1988): 17-35. SUBJECTS: Commercial banking, Development financing, Credit policy, Agricultural policy. KEYWORDS: Central Bank of Nigeria; Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme 1977. Focuses on agricultural financing by commercial banks from 1960 to 1984. Analyzes those banks' loans and the performance of banks under national guidelines. Concludes that even though loans to agriculture increased, a larger proportion went to exports. Considers loan repayment problems. 8599 Okorie, F. A., and L. F. Miller. "Esusu clubs and their performance in mobilizing rural savings and extending credit." In: Readings in Nigerian Rural Society and Rural Economy, edited by O. Otite and C. Okali. Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann, 1990. 101-122 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Credit policy, Research methodology, Cooperatives, Development financing, Banking. KEYWORDS: Esusu clubs; rural savings. Highlights the organizational structure and operation of Esusu clubs in Nigeria. Defines the nature and magnitude of their savings and credit activities. Appraises the potential of Esusu clubs to assume a larger role in development areas closely related to their present activities.

8594 Okorafor, A. A., and A. E. Nwankwo. "Ownership and control of factors of production in the Nigerian economy." In: The Nigerian Economy: A Political Economy Approach, edited by Nigerian Economic Society. London: Longman, 1986. 111-125 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Mixed economy, Economic history, Government expenditure, Government economic management. KEYWORDS: Nigerian First National Development Plan 1962-1968; Nigerian Second National Development Plan 1970-1974. Analyzes recent Nigerian economic history, using both capitalist and socialist typologies for comparison. Traces the development of the present system of government economic planning and the growth of the public sector. Cites some of the economic problems that may be encountered and offers potential solutions.

8601 Okpala, Don C. I. "Finance for urban management: The evolution and status of property rate revenue in Nigeria." Third World Planning Review!, no. 3 (August 1985): 219-240. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Taxation policy, Urban planning policy, Government economic management. KEYWORDS: property tax; revenue policy.

8595 Okorie, Aja. "Federal government's recent budgetary allocations: Implications for agricultural development in Nigeria." Savings and Development 13, no. 1 (1988): 87-100. SUBJECTS: Agricultural

8602 Oladokun, M. A. O., and A. G. Daramola. "Nigerian cocoa development programme: A comparative efficiency of fund utilisation." Savings and Development 14, no. 2 (1990): 175-184. tables.

8600 Okoye, T. O. "Planning of retail areas in Nigerian cities." In: Urban and Regional Planning Problems in Nigeria, edited by J. O. Abiodun. Ile-Ife, Nigeria: University of Ife Press, 1985. 192-200 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Market system, Urban planning policy.

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SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Development financing, Banking. KEYWORDS: cocoa; Nigerian Cocoa Development Programme; Oyo State, Nigeria; Ondo State, Nigeria; Ogun State, Nigeria. Analyzes the World Bank-funded Nigerian Cocoa Development Programme in the states of Oyo, Ondo, Ogun, and Bendel. Concludes that in terms of fund use Ondo State was the most efficient and Oyo State was the least efficient. Argues that money should be spent on cocoa establishment, not on infrastructure. 8603 Olaloku, F. A. "Imported inflation as a factor in the current inflation in the Nigerian economy." In: Inflation in Nigeria: Proceedings of a National Conference, edited by H. M. A. Onitiri and Keziah Awosika. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1982. 202-212 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic policy, Price policy, Market economy, Import policy, Fiscal policy. 8604 Olashore, O. "Rural banking: Strategies and policies of the government and the Central Bank of Nigeria." In: Rural Banking in Nigeria, edited by Adeniyi Osuntogun and Wole Adewunmi. Harlow, UK: Longman, 1983. 72-80 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Banking, Agricultural development. KEYWORDS: Central Bank of Nigeria; Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme 1977. 8605 Olashore, Oladele. Perspectives on Finance, Banking and Economic Policy in Nigeria. Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann, 1988. 286 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Finance, Banking policy, Rural development, Industrial development, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: Central Bank of Nigeria. Provides an overview of the major trends and issues behind the financial and economic environment in Nigeria, specifically regarding banking. Concludes with the macroeconomic issues involved in public finance and policy, including ideas on structural adjustment and Nigeria's relationship to the IMF. 8606 Olawoyin, G. A. The Nigerian Capital Market. Ile-Ife, Nigeria: University of Ife Press, 1982. 32 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Banking policy, Trade policy, Marketing. KEYWORDS: Central Bank of Nigeria; Nigerian Stock Exchange. 8607 Ollor, Walter G., and Uchema O. Nwaogu, eds. Nigeria's Quoted Companies: Capitalization, Growth and Profitability. Ikeja, Nigeria: Econometric and Accounting Associates, 1989. 143 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Capital formation, Historical analysis, Banking. Analyzes the activities of Nigeria's quoted companies. Documents the advantages that would accrue to individual businesses through the capital market. Focuses on capital market development as well as banking. 8608 Olofin, S., and J. Iyaniwura. "An analysis of intersectoral linkages in the Nigerian economy." The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies 25, no. 2 (July 1983): 233-250. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic system, Economic integration, Statistical analysis. KEYWORDS: intersectoral linkage. 8609 Olofin, S. O. Akinkugbe, and Ibi Ajayi. "Some theoretical and empirical issues in connection with the devaluation of the Nigeria naira." The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies 28, no. 2 (July 1986): 157-195. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Monetary policy, Monetary exchange, Balance of payments. KEYWORDS: exchange rate. Examines the theoretical and empirical issues pertaining to a possible devaluation of the naira. Discusses recent trends in Nigeria's balance of payments and introduces a simulation study within the framework of a macro model of the Nigerian economy. 8610 Olofin, S. O. Modelling Nigeria's Economic

Development.

Ibadan, Nigeria: Ibadan University Press, 1985. 315 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic analysis, Economic management. KEYWORDS: World Bank; CEAR (Centre for Econometric and Allied Research); UIFP (University of Ibadan Forecasting Programme). 8611 Olokesusi, Femi. Tourism Development in Nigeria: A Study of Bauchi and Ogun States. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1989. 87 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Infrastructure, Economic analysis. KEYWORDS: tourism; Bauchi State, Nigeria; Ogun State, Nigeria. Studies the factors responsible for the low status accorded to the tourism industry in Nigeria's development programs. Focuses on the nature of tourism activities as well as the socioeconomic advantages of tourism. Examines the potentials that could be developed in Bauchi and Ogun states for tourism development. 8612 Olopoenia, Razaq. "The equilibrium exchange rate on the second-tier market in the presence of black market dealings in foreign exchange." The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies 28, no. 1 (March 1986): 1-23. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Monetary policy, Informal sector, Financial system. KEYWORDS: SFEM (Second-Tier Foreign Exchange Market). Claims that the policy of controlled exchange rates has introduced monetary distortions into the Nigerian economy. Outlines the proposal to develop a second-tier foreign exchange market in which the Nigerian naira can be freely traded. 8613 Olorunfemi, M. A. "Oil glut: Effects on government finance." In: Banks and the Nigerian Economy, edited by Femi Adekanye. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Bankers, 1984. 37-61 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Oil industry, Government economic management. KEYWORDS: OPEC; Nigerian Fourth National Development Plan 1981-1985. 8614 Olorunfemi, M. A. "The oil sector and its contributions to the structural adjustment programme." In: Structural Adjustment Programme in a Developing Economy : The Case of Nigeria, edited by Adedotun O. Phillips and Eddy C. Ndekwu. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1987. 157-166 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Foreign trade, Oil industry, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: NNPC (Nigerian National Petroleum Company); SFEM (Second-Tier Foreign Exchange Market); OPEC. Assesses the impact that the oil sector in Nigeria's economy exerts on structural adjustment programs in Nigeria. Analyzes the effect of the oil sector on the Nigerian economy. 8615 Olowononi, G. D. Local Government Finance and Property Taxation in Nigeria (with Special Reference to Kwara State). Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University, 1981. 81 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Local government, Taxation policy. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Local Government Reforms 1976; property tax; Kwara State, Nigeria. 8616 Oludimu, Olufemi. "Linking saving with credit: Agricultural financing in S.W. Nigeria." Savings and Development 6, no. 1 (1982): 41-52. tables. SUBJECTS: Credit policy, Agricultural development, Development financing, Smallholder agriculture. KEYWORDS: savings; Southwestern Nigeria. 8617 Oludimu, Olufemi. 'The demand for institutional credit in the rural sector of Nigeria: Some considerations." Savings and Development 7, no. 2 (1983): 139-149. tables. SUBJECTS: Credit policy, Rural development, Commercial banking. KEYWORDS: Oyo State, Nigeria. 8618 Olukoshi, Adebayo O., ed. Nigerian External Debt Crisis: Its

NIGERIA/Economics Management. Lagos, Nigeria: Malthouse, 1990.250 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Debt crisis, Debt financing, Management, Finance. KEYWORDS: Paris Club; IMF; World Bank; London Club. Explores aspects of the Nigerian external debt crisis, including its origins, management, refinancing, and servicing. Considers debtequity conversion as an instrument for its management. Assesses the negotiating relationship between Nigeria and the London and Paris clubs. 8619 Olurode, 'Lai. A Political Economy of Nigeria's 1983 Elections. Ikeja, Nigeria: John West, 1990. 184 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Political economy studies, Economic analysis, Electoral process, Political parties. KEYWORDS: Nwobodo, Jim; FEDECO (Federal Electoral Commission); Ajasin, Adekunle; Electoral Act 1982; Ige, Bola. Analyzes the Nigerian economy as it relates to election malpractices in Nigeria. Assesses the impact of the transition of the Nigerian economy from agriculture to petroleum rents on election malpractice. 8620 Olusanya, G. O., B. E. Ate, and A. O. Olukoshi. "Economic development and foreign policy in Nigeria." In: Economic Development and Foreign Policy in Nigeria, edited by Gabriel O. Olusanya, Bassay E. Ate, and Adebayo O. Olukoshi. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 1988. 214-223 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Foreign policy, Economic crisis, Foreign investment, Trade policy, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: Economic Stabilization Act 1982. Assesses and evaluates Nigerian foreign policy in light of the economic crisis of the 1980s. Asserts that the activist foreign policy put forth during the oil boom cannot be sustained economically with regard to long-term policy objectives. 8621 Olusanya, G. O., and A. O. Olukoshi, eds. The African Debt Crisis. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 1989.141 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic crisis, Debt crisis, Structural adjustment, Government economic management, Bibliography, Political economy studies. KEYWORDS: IMF; New International Economic Order. Provides an overview of the debt crisis in Africa, outlining the formation of this type of crisis, structural adjustment programs, debt securitization, and the political factor in the Third World debt crisis. Contains an annotated bibliography on the African debt crisis. 8622 Omaji, Paul Omojo. "Political economy of the Nigerian Second-Tier Foreign Exchange Market Decree of 1986: An exercise in legal sociology." In: The Nigerian Economy under (S)FEM: The Economics of the Foreign Exchange Market in a Developing Economy, edited by J. Attah, M. Kwanashie, and O. Ojowu. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University, 1987. 72-83 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic history, Law, Economic management, Monetary policy, Sociological analysis, Foreign exchange. KEYWORDS: SFEM (Second-Tier Foreign Exchange Market); Central Bank of Nigeria. Assesses the second-tier foreign exchange market decree as a social phenomenon with concrete historical boundaries grasped through a survey of Nigeria's political economy. 8623 Omopariola, O. "Development bank lending to the indigenous Nigerian manufacturers." In: Issues in the Administration of Nigeria's Public Sector, edited by A. O. Sanda and Olusola Ojo. Ile-Ife, Nigeria: University of Ife Press, 1986. 92-108 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Credit policy. Explores the ability and willingness of development banks in Nigeria to supply funds to industry. Examines the techniques that are used to provide loans for indigenous Nigerian manufacturers. 8624 Omopariola, Olu. "Financing the traditional rulers." In: Local Government and the Traditional Rulers in Nigeria, edited by

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Oladimehi Aborisade. Ile-Ife, Nigeria: University of Ife, 1985. 195203 pp. SUBJECTS: Government economic management, Traditional authority, Finance policy. 8625 Omopariola, Olu. "Trends in the finance of local governments in Nigeria." In: Readings in Nigerian Local Government, edited by Oladimeji Aborisade. Ile-Ife, Nigeria: Department of Local Government Studies, 1986. 75-92 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Government economic management, Local government, Financial system. Traces trends in the financing of Nigerian local governments. Examines how much and how efficiently money is allocated to local governments and how efficiently local governments spend their money. Suggests methods that local governments can use in order to improve their financial situation. 8626 Omorogiuwa, P. Ada. "Personal income taxation and income distribution in Nigeria." In: The Political Economy of Income Distribution in Nigeria, edited by Henry Bienen and V. P. Diejomaoh. New York: Holmes and Meier, 1981.421-453 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Taxation policy, Income inequality, Income distribution. KEYWORDS: personal income tax. 8627 Oni, Bankole. "Structural adjustment programme and unemployment: An evaluation." In: Structural Adjustment in a Developing Economy: The Case of Nigeria, edited by Adedotun O. Phillips and Eddy C. Ndekwu. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1987. 207-215 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Unemployment, Structural adjustment, Fiscal policy. Assesses the structural adjustment program of Nigeria from the point of view of social justice. Concludes that the economic restructuring has led to a worsening of conditions for the Nigerian poor. 8628 Onimode, Bade. "1987 budget and foreign exchange management in Nigeria." In: The Nigerian Economy under (S)FEM: The Economics of the Foreign Exchange Market in a Developing Economy, edited by J. Attah, M. Kwanashie, and O. Ojowu. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University, 1987. 132-142 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Finance, Credit policy, Foreign exchange, Government economic management, Export policy, Import policy. KEYWORDS: debt rescheduling. Focuses on the estimated 1987 foreign exchange receipts and expenditures, the major foreign exchange policies, and the exaggerated conception of the role of foreign exchange in national development. 8629 Onimode, Bade. "Imperialism and Nigerian development." In: The Path to Nigerian Development, edited by Okwudiba Nnoli. Dakar, Senegal: CODESRIA, 1981. 76-93 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic development, Imperialism, Capitalist economy, Political economy studies, Colonialism, Underdevelopment. KEYWORDS: UK-Nigeria relations. 8630 Onimode, Bade. "Nigeria: The dynamics of the challenge of underdevelopment." In: Proceedings of the National Conference on Nigeria since Independence, volume 2, edited by M. O. Kayode and Y. B. Usman. Zaria, Nigeria: Panel on Nigeria since Independence History Project, 1985. 37-56 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Underdevelopment, Agricultural sector, Indigenization, Oil industry, Economic inequality, Foreign investment, Inflation. 8631 Onimode, Bade. "Practical technology policy development." In: Economic Policy and Development in Nigeria: 1987, edited by Adedotun O. Phillips and Eddy C. Ndekwu. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1988. 157-162 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Technological development, Underdevelopment, Agricultural production, Education policy, Structural adjustment, Import substitution.

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Examines technological change and policy in Nigeria in the mid-1980s. Explores import substitution programs and suggests that policies need to be geared toward education, machine standardization, and creation of a technological data bank. 8632 Onimode, Bade. "Technology and political economy." In: Structural Adjustment Programme in a Developing Economy: The Case ofNigeria, edited by Adedotun O. Phillips and Eddy C. Ndekwu. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1987.125-132 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Technology, Technological development, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: SFEM (Second-Tier Foreign Exchange Market); World Bank; IMF. Assesses the sociopolitical reactions of Nigeria's structural adjustment program and its effects on technological development. Asserts that Nigeria's structural adjustment program and its second-tier foreign exchange market should be eliminated. 8633 Onitiri, H. M. A., and Keziah Awosika, eds. Inflation in Nigeria: Proceedings of a National Conference. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1982. 390 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Inflation, Price policy, Monetary policy, Fiscal policy, Economic growth policy. KEYWORDS: consumer price index. 8634 Onoh, J. K. "Nigeria's external debts and the western club of creditors." In: Nigeria's International Economic Relations, edited by U. Joy Ogwu and R. Omotayo Olaniyan. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 1989. 160-192 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Debt crisis, Trade policy, Debt financing. KEYWORDS: IMF; SFEM (Second-Tier Foreign Exchange Market); Paris Club; London Club; World Bank. Considers Nigeria's external debt problems vis-à-vis the Western club of creditors. Explores the reasons why Nigeria fell into the debt trap. Provides suggestions on how Nigeria can free itself from the debt trap. 8635 Orewa, George O. "Budget as an instrument of financial management in local government in Nigeria." In: Readings in Nigerian Local Government, edited by Oladimeji Aborisade. Ile-Ife, Nigeria: Department of Local Government Studies, 1981. 44-55 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Fiscal policy, Local government, Budget policy. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Federal Military Government. Proposes that the key to a successful local government is its ability to manage its finances. Assesses the manner in which local governments prepare and implement their annual budgets. 8636 Orji, Herbert O .Regional Banking and Economic Development in Nigeria. Enugu, Nigeria: Fourth Dimension, 1987. 216 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Banking policy, Market economy, Underdevelopment. KEYWORDS: Central Bank of Nigeria; rural banking. Identifies rural banking as one of the major causes of financial underdevelopment in Nigeria. Provides a historical analysis of banking in Nigeria. Discusses theories of finance and economic development, including the effect of banks and other financial institutions on economic growth and development. 8637 Osagie, E. "Macro economic relationships in an oil producing LDC: Implications for inflation policy." In: Inflation in Nigeria: Proceedings of a National Conference, edited by H. M. A. Onitiri and Keziah Awosika. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1982. 176-186 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Oil industry, Price policy, Inflation. 8638 Osagie, Eghosa. "Operating SFEM in the Nigerian setting." The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies 28, no. 1 (March 1986): 71-88. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Government economic management, Monetary exchange, Monetary policy.

KEYWORDS: IMF; exchange rate; gold. Examines the second-tier foreign exchange market from a historical perspective vis-à-vis the international monetary system and the rescheduling of the Nigerian foreign debt. Finds that the second-tier foreign exchange market can be considered successful only if it leads to increased domestic production. 8639 Osagie, Eghosa. "Survey of the Nigerian economy since independence." In: Economic Development and Foreign Policy in Nigeria, edited by Gabriel O. Olusanya, Bassay E. Ate, and Adebayo O. Olukoshi. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 1988. 18-39 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Agricultural development, Green Revolution, Industrial development, Oil industry, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: OPEC. Explores Nigeria's structural adjustment and foreign trade policies of the 1980s. Suggests that a relationship exists between foreign policy and economic development. Proposes that the Nigerian government play a more active role in its external debt problem. 8640 Osagie, Eghosa. 'The IMF and the World Bank in Nigeria's economic recovery." In: Nigeria's International Economic Relations, edited by U. Joy Ogwu and R. Omotayo Olaniyan. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 1989. 211-233 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic recovery, Historical analysis, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: IMF; World Bank; Economic Stabilization Act 1982. Considers in the Nigerian context the influence of methodological and ideological biases on policy packages recommended by the World Bank and the IMF. Assesses the nature, origin, and dynamics of the current Nigerian economic situation as well as the response of the Nigerian federal government as articulated in the economic emergency policies of 1985-1986 and in the structural adjustment program for 1986-1988. 8641 Osakwe, J. O. 'The impact of inflation on the growth of the Nigerian economy: Statistical evidence." In: Inflation in Nigeria: Proceedings of a National Conference, edited by H. M. A. Onitiri and Keziah Awosika. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1982. 213-236 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic growth policy, Underdevelopment, Export policy, Inflation. KEYWORDS: capital flow. 8642 Oshikoya, Temitope Waheed. The Nigerian Economy: A Macroeconometric and Input-Output Model. New York: Praeger, 1990. 192 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Models, Agricultural sector, Economic system. KEYWORDS: econometrics. Reviews economic models and the Nigerian economy. Presents a theoretical economic model and analyzes its estimates and tracking performance. Performs forecasts and simulates borrowing. 8643 Oshisami, Koleade, and Peter N. Dean. Financial Management in the Nigerian Public Sector. London: Pitman, 1984. 361 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Development planning, Constitutional development, Public policy, Government economic management, Public sector. KEYWORDS: revenue policy. 8644 Osoba, A. M. "Introduction." In: Towards the Development of Small-Scale Industries in Nigeria, edited by A. M. Osoba. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1987. 1-7 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development. KEYWORDS: smallscale industry. Provides a general background to the issues of small-scale industries in Nigeria. 8645 Osoba, A. M. "Small-scale industries and capital." In: Towards the Development of Small-Scale Industries in Nigeria, edited by A. M. Osoba. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic

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Research, 1987. 98-116 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development. KEYWORDS: small-scale industry; investment capital. Assesses the problem of investment capital for the development of small-scale enterprises and industries. Explores types of assistance, requirements, and criteria for assistance.

ings of a National Conference, edited by H. M. A. Onitiri and Keziah Awosika. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1982. 98-111 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Price policy, Monetary policy, Inflation. KEYWORDS: consumer price index.

8646 Osoba, A. M., ed. Towards the Development of Small-Scale Industries in Nigeria. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1986. 224 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Economic development. KEYWORDS: small-scale industry. Assesses the development of small-scale industries and enterprises in Nigeria, using information derived from a study by the Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research. Questions the feasibility of small-scale industries and their contribution to the Nigerian economy.

8654 Owosekun, Akinola A. "A case study of stabilization measures in Nigeria." Africa Development/Afrique et développement 10, no. 1/2 (1985): 208-216. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic theory, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: IMF; economic stabilization.

8647 Osoba, Segun O. ' T h e economic background of Balewa's foreign policy, 1960-1965." In: Nigeria and the International Capitalist System, edited by Toyin Falola and Julius O. Ihonvbere. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1988. 15-33 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic dependency, Poverty, Nonaligned nation, Colonialism, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: Balewa, Abubakar Tafawa; Nigerian First Republic 1960-1965. Assesses the various economic issues and considerations affecting the foreign policy attitudes of Nigerian decision makers during the First Republic 1960-1965. Asserts that Nigeria's economic woes can be traced to an unfavorable balance of trade between itself and the Western nations. 8648 Osuagwu, Harold G. O. Investment Demand in a Developing Country: The Nigerian Case. Washington, DC: University Press of America, 1982.411 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Investment policy, Foreign investment, Market economy. 8649 Osuntogun, Adeniyi. "Commercial banks and the financing of the Nigerian agricultural sector: An analytical overview." In: Rural Banking in Nigeria, edited by Adeniyi Osuntogun and Wole Adewunmi. Harlow, UK: Longman, 1983. 46-53 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Agricultural development, Commercial banking, Agricultural sector. KEYWORDS: Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme 1977. 8650 Osuntogun, Adeniyi, and Wole Adewunmi, eds. Rural Banking in Nigeria. Harlow, Essex, UK: Longman, 1983. 134 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Commercial banking, Agricultural extension service, Banking policy, Rural development, Rural planning policy, Credit policy. KEYWORDS: rural banking; Central Bank of Nigeria. 8651 Otigba, Musa. "Financing Development for National Integration: Critical Issues." In: Federal Character and National Integration in Nigeria, edited by Ukwu I. Ukwu. Kuru, Nigeria: National Institute for Policy and Strategic Studies, 1987.99-112 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Development financing, Income distribution, Public sector, National integration. KEYWORDS: revenue policy; capital flow. Highlights the general consequences of financing on the development aspirations of Nigerians and analyzes the use of financing as a tool of national integration. 8652 Otiti, A. O. G. "Strategies adopted in Nigeria for promoting rural banking development." In: Rural Banking in Nigeria, edited by Adeniyi Osuntogun and Wole Adewunmi. Harlow, UK: Longman, 1983. 81-83 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Banking policy, Banking. KEYWORDS: Central Bank of Nigeria; Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme 1977. 8653 Owosekun, A., and J. S. Odama. 'The causes of inflation in Nigeria: Some empirical evidence." In: Inflation in Nigeria: Proceed-

8655 Owosekun, Akinola A. "Issues and problems in the 1987 tariff review." In: Economic Policy and Development in Nigeria: 1987, edited by Adedotun O. Phillips and Eddy C. Ndekwu. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1988. 229-237 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Taxation policy, Foreign trade, Trade policy, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: IMF. Assesses the implications of Nigerian trade liberalization and the elimination of trade barriers suggested by the IMF. Reviews the broad policy issues behind tariffs and the protection of local industry in Nigeria. Analyzes the preliminary results for levels of protection derived from the 1988-1994 tariff review exercise. 8656 Owualah, S. I. "Competition for bank deposits in Nigeria." Savings and Development 8, no. 2 (1984): 159-173. tables. SUBJECTS: Commercial banking, Credit policy, Capital accumulation. KEYWORDS: savings. 8657 Owualah, Sunday I. "Scale economies and efficiency of bank operations: Further evidence from Nigeria." Savings and Development 10, no. 4 (1986): 419-431. tables. SUBJECTS: Commercial banking, Statistical analysis, Economic system. States that economies of scale exist in banking, but efficiency may not be a function of bank size. Examines the case of fourteen Nigerian banks and recommends increasing economies of scale. 8658 Oyatoye, E. T. O. "The Nigerian banking system and credit needs for rural development." In: Rural Banking in Nigeria, edited by Adeniyi Osuntogun and Wole Adewunmi. Harlow, UK: Longman, 1983. 25-31 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Agricultural sector, Commercial banking. KEYWORDS: NACB (Nigerian Agricultural and Cooperative Bank). 8659 Oyebanji, J. Oluwole. "Spatial changes in the manufacturing landscape of Nigeria." African Urban Studies 12 (Winter 1982): 17-26. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic growth rate, Manufacturing sector. KEYWORDS: protectionism; industry distribution; spatial analysis. 8660 Oyejide, A., and A. Soyode. "Branch network and economic performances: A case study of Nigeria's commercial banks." In: Commercial Banking in Nigeria, edited by A. Soyode and A. Oyejide. Ibadan, Nigeria: Unibadan, 1986. 244-254 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Commercial banking. Assesses the profitability of Nigerian banks. 8661 Oyejide, A., and A. Soyode. "Commercial banks in Nigeria: Resources, uses and effectiveness, l910-l914."ln:CommercialBanking in Nigeria, edited by A. Soyode and A. Oyejide. Ibadan, Nigeria: Unibadan, 1986.255-269 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Capital accumulation, Commercial banking. Evaluates the performances of both indigenous and foreignowned banks within Nigeria. Suggests that commercial banking demands greater commitment in terms of capital than do the insurance and manufacturing industries. Attributes that need to tight government control over banking and to the inherent nature of commercial banks.

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8662 Oyejide, A. "Deposit relationships and commercial bank earnings." In: Commercial Banking in Nigeria, edited by A. Soyode and A. Oyejide. Ibadan, Nigeria: Unibadan, 1986. 159-170 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Commercial banking. Assesses the net rates of return that Nigeria's commercial banks realize from their demand, savings, and time deposit funds. Asserts that the average rates of return on savings and time deposit funds are equal and that both are two to three times as high as the net rate of return on demand deposit funds. 8663 Oyejide, A., and A. Soyode. "Determinants of structural shifts in commercial bank deposits." In: Commercial Banking in Nigeria, edited by A. Soyode and A. Oyejide. Ibadan, Nigeria: Unibadan, 1986. 147-158 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Commercial banking. Explores structural shifts in commercial bank deposits from 1960 to 1975. 8664 Oyejide, A., and A. Soyode. "Market share and profitability in commercial banking: The case of Nigeria." In: Commercial Banking in Nigeria, edited by A. Soyode and A. Oyejide. Ibadan, Nigeria: Unibadan, 1986.235-243 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Commercial banking. Examines possible links between the structure of commercial banks in Nigeria and their performance. 8665 Oyejide, T. A., A. Soyode, and M. O. Kayode. Nigeria and the IMF. Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann, 1985.119 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Debt crisis, Structural adjustment, Economic reform. KEYWORDS: IMF. 8666 Oyejide, T. Ademola. "Exchange rate policy for Nigeria: Some options and their consequences." In: Management of Nigeria's Foreign Exchange Resources, edited by Ibi Ayaji. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigeria Economic Society, 1985. 17-32 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Fiscal policy, Foreign exchange, Monetary policy. KEYWORDS: exchange rate. 8667 Oyetan, John A. "Funding new ventures." In: Banks and the Nigerian Economy, edited by Femi Adekanye. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Bankers, 1984. 151-156 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Management, Banking. 8668 Ozor, Ebonyi. "Financial administration in local government in Nigeria." In: Readings in Nigerian Local Government, edited by Oladimeji Aborisade. Ile-Ife, Nigeria: Department of Local Government Studies, 1986. 56-74 pp. SUBJECTS: Government economic management, Local government, Finance policy, Public administration, Administration. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Local Government Reforms 1976; Nigerian Federal Military Government. Examines the structure and effectiveness of the preparation and operation of local government estimates in Nigeria. Appraises problems surrounding local government estimates and offers suggestions as to how local governments can more effectively estimate and manage their finances. 8669 Palmer, E., and S. A. Faseku. "Measurement of inflation—conceptual and statistical problems." In: Inflation inNigeria: Proceedings of a National Conference, edited by H. M. A. Onitiri and Keziah Awosika. Ibadan, Nigeria: Ibadan University Press, 1982. 27-37 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Market economy, Inflation. KEYWORDS: consumer price index. 8670 Phillips, Adedotun O. "A general overview of SAP." In: Structural Adjustment Programme in a Developing Economy: The Case of Nigeria, edited by Adedotun O. Phillips and Eddy C. Ndekwu. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1987. 1 -12 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic crisis, Struc-

tural adjustment. KEYWORDS: SFEM (Second-Tier Foreign Exchange Market); IMF. Provides an overview of the structural adjustment policy implemented in Nigeria in June 1986. 8671 Phillips, Adedotun O., and Eddy C. Ndekwu, eds. Economic Policy and Development in Nigeria 1987. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1988. 237 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic crisis, Debt crisis, Economic policy, Structural adjustment, Foreign exchange. Provides an overview of the Nigerian economy, the policies behind the 1987 Nigerian budget, and the implications of these policies for the Nigerian economy in the late 1980s. 8672 Phillips, Adedotun O., and Eddy C. Ndekwu, eds. Structural Adjustment Programme in a Developing Economy: The Case of Nigeria. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1987. 299 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: SFEM (SecondTier Foreign Exchange Market). Assesses the structural adjustment program in Nigeria from the point of view of various sectors of the Nigerian economy, including banking, agriculture, the public sector, and industry. 8673 Phillips, Adedotun O. The Nigerian Economy and the Oil Crisis. Jos, Nigeria: Salama, 1982. 20 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Oil industry, Economic crisis. 8674 Phillips, Adedotun O. 'The Nigerian economy in 1987: An overview." In: Economic Policy and Development in Nigeria 1987, edited by Adedotun O. Phillips and Eddy C. Ndekwu. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1988. 1-6 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic crisis, Debt crisis, Unemployment, Structural adjustment, Foreign exchange. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Stock Exchange; IMF; World Bank. Provides a brief overview of the Nigerian economy in 1987 by examining various sectors and overall problems within the economy. Suggests that the economy is plagued with a number of problems, including external debt, unemployment, and an unfavorable foreign exchange market. 8675 Raheem, Mufutau, and Oluyele Akinkugbe. "Multiple exchange rate practice and naira convertibility: A prospect?" The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies 28, no. 1 (March 1986): 135-153. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Balance of payments, Monetary policy. KEYWORDS: SFEM (Second-Tier Foreign Exchange Market). Considers whether the dual exchange rate system brought about by the introduction of the second-tier foreign exchange market could be helpful in the introduction and maintenance of currency convertibility in Nigeria. Analyzes the prospect of achieving naira convertibility. 8676 Regional and Country Studies Branch. Nigeria. New York: UNIDO, 1985. 80 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Manufacturing sector, Economic planning, Economic growth policy, Trade relations, Infrastructure. 8677 Rimmer, Douglas. 'The overvalued currency and overadministered economy of Nigeria." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 84, no. 336 (July 1985): 435-446. tables. SUBJECTS: Monetary policy, Economic development, Debt financing, Government borrowing. KEYWORDS: oil energy; IMF. 8678 Rupley, Lawrence A. "Revenue sharing in the Nigerian federation." The Journal of Modern African Studies 19, no. 2 (June 1981): 257-277. tables. SUBJECTS: Financial system. KEYWORDS: Aboyade committee report 1981; revenue policy.

NIGERIA/Economics

8679 Sada, P. O., and F. O. Odemerho, eds. Environmental Issues and Management in Nigerian Development. Ibadan, Nigeria: Evans Brothers, 1988.410 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Natural resource management, Debt crisis, Urban development, Rural development, Oil industry, Sanitation. KEYWORDS: Nigerian national development plans. A series of papers drawn from a seminar on environmental issues, centering on environmental development and management. Considers Nigeria as a developing nation, exploring its environmental policy; its urban, industrial, and agricultural development; and its environment. 8680 Sada, P. O., and M. L. McNulty. "Market traders in the city of Lagos." In: Urbanization Processes and Problems in Nigeria, edited by P. O. Sada and J. S. Oguntoyinbo. Ibadan, Nigeria: Ibadan University, 1981.63-80 pp. SUBJECTS: Women's economic role, Commercial sector, Market system, Free market. KEYWORDS: Lagos, Nigeria; women traders. 8681 Salau, A. T. "Development inequality and administrative arrangement." In: Achieving Even Development in Nigeria: Problems and Prospects, edited by E. J. Nwosu. Enugu, Nigeria: Fourth Dimension, 1985. 99-115 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic inequality, Even development. 8682 Salu, R. A. "Challenges of the credit squeeze: Impact on the monetary system and industries." In: Banks and the Nigerian Economy, edited by Femi Adekanye. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Bankers, 1984. 93-102 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Credit policy, Economic recovery, Monetary policy. KEYWORDS: Economic Stabilization Act 1982. 8683 Sanda, A. O. "Privatization of state-owned enterprises or insolvency: The critical choice for Nigeria in the 1980s." In: Issues in the Administration of Nigeria's Public Sector, edited by A. O. Sanda and Olusola Ojo. Ile-Ife, Nigeria: University of Ife Press, 1986. 35-58 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, State-owned enterprise, Privatization. KEYWORDS: Property Development Corporation of Oyo State. Assesses the function and effectiveness of state-owned enterprises in Nigeria. Asserts that privatization is essential if Nigeria wishes to alleviate its current economic crisis. 8684 Schatz, Sayre P. "Nigeria's petro-political fluctuation." In: Perspectives on the Second Republic in Nigeria, edited by C. S. Whitaker. Waltham, Massachusetts: Crossroads, 1981. 35-40 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Oil industry, Economic growth rate. 8685 Schatz, Sayre P. "Pirate capitalism and the inert economy of Nigeria." The Journal of Modern African Studies 22, no. 1 (March 1984): 45-57. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Oil industry, Economic dependency, Capitalist economy, Corruption. 8686 Schatz, Sayre P. "The Nigerian economy since the great oilprice increases of 1973-74." Africa Today 29, no. 3 (1982): 33-42. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic analysis, Budget policy, Government economic management, Oil industry. KEYWORDS: Nigerian national development plans. 8687 Seidensticker, Wilhelm, and Gizachew Adamu. A Bibliographical Guide to Borno Studies 1821-1983. Maiduguri, Nigeria: University of Maiduguri, 1986. 205 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Economic system, Political economy studies. KEYWORDS: linguistics; government documents. Contains government publications and archival materials, published and unpublished, including theses, conference papers, symposia, seminars, and reports, many of which are in French.

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8688 Selvanayagam, S. Agricultural Transformation in Nigeria: Problems and Strategy. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University, 1981. 43 pp. SUBJECTS: Price policy, Economic development, Agricultural production, Food production. KEYWORDS: agricultural inputs. 8689 Semowo, B. I. "Fiscal policy and inflation in Nigeria." In: Inflation in Nigeria: Proceedings of a National Conference, edited by H. M. A. Onitiri and Keziah Awosika. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1982. 332-341 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Inflation, Oil industry, Fiscal policy. 8690 Shaw, Timothy M. "Introduction: Nigeria as Africa's major power." In: Nigerian Foreign Policy: Alternative Perceptions and Projections, edited by Timothy M. Shaw and Olajide Aluko. London: Macmillan, 1983.1-20 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Political economy studies, Economic dependency, Nonaligned nation. KEYWORDS: ECOWAS; core-periphery relations; OAU. 8691 Shaw, Timothy M. "Nigeria in world politics: Contemporary calculations and constraints." In: Nigerian ForeignPolicy: Alternative Perceptions and Projections, edited by Timothy M. Shaw and Olajide Aluko. London: Macmillan, 1983.23-34 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Pan-Africanism, Economic dependency, Political economy studies. KEYWORDS: Afrocentric foreign policy. 8692 Shaw, Timothy M. ' T h e state of Nigeria: Oil crisis, power bases and foreign policy." Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 18, no. 2 (1984): 393-405. biblio. SUBJECTS: Capitalism, Political economy studies, Economic crisis, Economic integration, Foreign policy, Regional integration, Oil industry. 8693 Shonekan, E. A. O. "The place of foreign investments in Nigeria's foreign policy." In: Economic Development and Foreign Policy in Nigeria, edited by Gabriel O. Olusanya, Bassay E. Ate, and Adebayo O. Olukoshi. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 1988. 82-96 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Foreign investment, Foreign policy, Economic crisis, Economic management, Foreign exchange. KEYWORDS: Central Bank of Nigeria. Assesses the role that foreign policy has played in Nigeria's economic crisis, tracing the roots of the crisis and proposing a strategy for attracting foreign investment into Nigeria. Suggests that Nigeria has the potential for being an economic success if its management became more disciplined. 8694 Souagwu, H. G. O. "Financial management of the political and economic system: Some current problems." In: Issues in Public Sector Management in Nigeria, edited by Isa Hashim. Zaria, Nigeria: Centre for Management Development, 1985. 247-270 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Budget policy, Economic management. KEYWORDS: political planning. 8695 Soyode, A., and A. Oyejide. "Commercial banking and economic development." In: Commercial Banking in Nigeria, edited by A. Soyode and A. Oyejide. Ibadan, Nigeria: Unibadan, 1986. 5-11 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Banking policy, Commercial banking. Discusses the need for banking structure to change over time and specifically covers the evolution of commercial banks in Nigeria. Examines possible motives behind bank management, the difficulties that could arise if motivation conflicts with government policy, and the possible problems if commercial bank management becomes the responsibility of the civil service. 8696 Soyode, A., and A. Oyejide, eds. Commercial Banking in

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Nigeria. Ibadan, Nigeria: Unibadan, 1986. 287 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Banking policy, Management, Commercial banking, Credit policy. Assesses the impact that commercial banks bring to bear on economic development in Nigeria. 8697 Sparks, Donald L. "African economic priorities and the Lagos Plan of Action: Realism or fantasy?" African Studies Association Papers 24, no. 122 (October 1981): 1-22. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Natural resource management, Human resources development, Technology, Agricultural production, Economic policy. KEYWORDS: OAU; Monrovia Declaration 1979; Lagos Plan of Action 1980; AAWORD (Association of African Women for Research and Development). 8698 Stevens, Christopher. "Nigeria." In: Manufacturing Africa: Performance and Prospects of Seven Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Roger C. Riddell. London: James Currey, 1990. 257-296 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic growth policy, Manufacturing sector, Oil industry, Public policy, Economic crisis. Describes the development of the manufacturing sector in Nigeria, which has grown rapidly and helped to produce a twofold increase in gross national product from 1966 to 1986. Notes the importance of the oil boom in that growth and the difficulties resulting from the slump in oil exports in the early 1980s. Contends that an export-oriented manufacturing sector is necessary but not likely to develop in the near future. 8699 Stevens, Christopher. Nigeria: Economic Prospects to 1985: After the Oil Glut. London: Economist Intelligence Unit, 1982. 98 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic policy, Oil industry, Natural resource management. KEYWORDS: world market; Nigerian national development plans. 8700 Taiwo, I. O. "Potential effects of privatisation on economic growth: The Nigerian case." Savings and Development 14 (1990): 51-64. tables. SUBJECTS: Privatization, Economic analysis, Investment policy, Economic growth rate. Examines a popular form of privatization: the divestiture of public assets. Concludes that both private and public investment are important but that private investment has a greater influence on the growth rate than public investment. Infers that privatization can enhance economic growth. 8701 Teal, Francis. "Domestic policies, external constraints and economic development in Nigeria since 1950." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 87, no. 346 (January 1988): 69-81. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Economic crisis, Rural-urban migration, Economic growth policy, Manufacturing sector, Agricultural sector. KEYWORDS: World Bank. Analyzes economic growth in Nigeria from 1950 to 1988. Argues that real growth in Nigeria had not been achieved and that domestic policy was the main cause of the economic downturn. States that the rise in revenue from oil did not actually improve the economic situation of the average Nigerian. 8702 Teriba, O. "Competition for bank deposits in Nigeria." In: Commercial Banking in Nigeria, edited by A. Soyode and A. Oyejide. Ibadan, Nigeria: Unibadan, 1986. 136-146 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Commercial banking, Banking policy, Banking. Assesses the success of Nigerian commercial banks in attracting depositors. Asserts that even though Nigerian banks have succeeded in increasing the number of their depositors, foreign banks have been more successful. Attributes that success to greater modernization and efficiency.

8703 Teriba, O. "Development of the banking habit in Nigeria." In: Commercial Banking in Nigeria, edited by A. Soyode and A. Oyejide. Ibadan, Nigeria: Unibadan, 1986. 69-82 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Banking policy. KEYWORDS: Central Bank of Nigeria. Assesses the impact of banks and banking habits on Nigeria's overall economy. 8704 Teriba, O. "Financial institutions, financial markets, and income distribution." In: The Political Economy of Income Distribution in Nigeria, edited by Henry Bienen and V. P. Diejomaoh. New York: Holmes and Meier, 1981. 485-512 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Banking, Banking policy, Income inequality, Commercial banking, Indigenization. KEYWORDS: Central Bank of Nigeria; capital issues commissions; Capital Issues Decree 1973. 8705 Teriba, O., and S. Ajayi. "Government policy and recent inflation in Nigeria." In: Inflation in Nigeria: Proceedings of a National Conference, edited by H. M. A. Onitiri and Keziah Awosika. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1982. 299-331 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Inflation, Economic growth rate, Monetary policy, Fiscal policy, Price policy. KEYWORDS: economic stabilization. 8706 Teriba, O. "Nigeria's indigenous banks." In: Commercial Banking in Nigeria, edited by A. Soyode and A. Oyejide. Ibadan, Nigeria: Unibadan, 1986. 12-21 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Banking policy, Banking. KEYWORDS: African Continental Bank. Traces the development of indigenous banking in Nigeria and assesses the surrounding advantages. Suggests alternatives in both government policy and central bank policy. 8707 Titilola, S. O. "Impact of the structural adjustment programme (SAP) on the agriculture and rural economy of Nigeria." In: Structural Adjustment Programme in a Developing Economy: The Case of Nigeria, edited by Adedotun O. Phillips and Eddy C. Ndekwu. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1987. 177-184 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Agricultural production, Economic dependency, Structural adjustment, Economic reform, Food production, Cash crop production. KEYWORDS: SFEM (Second-Tier Foreign Exchange Market). Discusses the ways in which Nigeria's structural adjustment program calls on the rural sector to increase both food and cash crop production. Assesses the program's effects on the rural sector. 8708 Tobi, Duru, Sade Taiwo, John Aregbeyen, and Ayodele Fajehinsan. "Sacrifice pain as necessary cost of structural adjustment." In: Structural Adjustment Programme in a Developing Economy: The Case ofNigeria, edited by Adedotun O. Phillips and Eddy C. Ndekwu. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1987. 13-34 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Debt crisis, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: IMF; SFEM (SecondTier Foreign Exchange Market). Discusses Nigeria's structural adjustment plan of 1986-1988, laying out the government austerity policy. Suggests how pain and sacrifice could be minimized. 8709 Tomori, S. "Inflation and economic development in Nigeria." In: Inflation in Nigeria: Proceedings of a National Conference, edited by H. M. A. Onitiri and Keziah Awosika. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1982. 187-201 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic growth policy, Price policy, Inflation, Economic growth rate. KEYWORDS: consumer price index; Central Bank of Nigeria.

NIGERIA/Economics 8710 Toyo, Eskor. "Profit and the performance of parastatals." In: Nigeria: A Republic in Ruins, edited by Abubakar Siddique Mohammed and Tony Edoh. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University, 1986. 225-237 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Public sector, State-owned enterprise, Economic theory. Explains the best method to assess the performance of the public sector, taking into account the social and economic meanings of profit, efficiency, development, growth, and justice. 8711 T r a g e r , Lillian. "Yoruba market organization—a regional analysis." African Urban Studies 10 (Spring 1981): 43-58. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Market system, Free market. KEYWORDS: regional trade; Yoruba people; spatial analysis. 8712 Turner, Terisa, and Arnold Baker. Soldiers and Oil: The 1983 Coup in Nigeria. Montreal, Canada: Centre for Developing Area Studies, McGill University, 1985. 31 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Capitalist development, Economic policy, Oil industry, Coup d'état, Political instability. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Second Republic 19791983; Buhari, Muhammadu; Shagari, Shehu; NPN (National Party of Nigeria). 8713 Turner, Terisa E. "Oil workers and the oil bust in Nigeria." Africa Today 33, no. 4 (1986): 33-50. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Internal conflict, International economic relations, Oil industry, Debt financing. KEYWORDS: OPEC; international organization; worker organization. Discusses the results of the oil bust in Nigeria and the new alignments and developments among oil workers. Describes features of the increased internal conflict, such as class struggles, ethnic tensions, and peasant mobilization. Finds that oil worker control has emerged in the Nigerian oil industry. 8714 Tyoden, Sonni. "Nigeria's development strategy in global perspective." In: Nigerian Foreign Policy: Alternative Perceptions and Projections, edited by Timothy Shaw and Olajide Aluko. London: Macmillan, 1983. 147-163 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic development, Economic dependency, Development policy, Capitalist economy, Civil war. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Civil War 1967-1970; Biafran war. 8715 Ubogu, Roland. "Fiscal decentralisation and economic development among Nigerian states." The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies 24, no. 1 (March 1982): 1-22. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Fiscal policy, Statistical analysis, Public sector. KEYWORDS : fiscal centralization; regression analysis; federal-state relations. 8716 Ubogu, Roland E. "Demand for mortgage finance in Nigeria: A cross-sectional analysis." Savings and Development 12, no. 3 (1988): 271-286. tables. SUBJECTS: Financial system, Housing policy, Credit policy, Statistical analysis. KEYWORDS: mortgages. Evaluates the demand for mortgage financing in Nigeria and whether limits on credit affect the production of housing. Suggests policies to reduce inadequate housing finance. Concludes that demand depends on disposable income and down-payment levels.

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analysis, Price policy, Rural-urban migration, Consumption pattern. KEYWORDS: business sector. 8719 Ukwu, Ukwu I. "Federal financing of projects for national development and integration." In: Federal Character and National Integration in Nigeria, edited by Ukwu I. Ukwu. Kuru, Nigeria: National Institute for Policy and Strategic Studies, 1987.113-132 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Federal government, Government expenditure, Finance policy, National development, National integration. KEYWORDS: capital flow. Examines the fiscal arrangements that direct the financial flows between federal and state governments to test the viability of the federal character in Nigeria. Includes information on revenue allocation and expenditure by state and federal budgets. 8720 Umebali, Emmanuel E. "An economic analysis of the rural banking programme in Nigeria." Savings and Development 13 (1989): 91-108. tables. SUBJECTS: Banking,Rural population, Credit policy. KEYWORDS: CBN (Central Bank of Nigeria); Rural Banking Programme 1977. Studies the rural banking program in Nigeria, which has been designed to promote agricultural and industrial production and to curb rural-urban migration. Concludes that bank credits to agriculture were adequate. Makes recommendations to the Central Bank of Nigeria to improve credit service. 8721 Umezulike, I. A. 'The right of occupancy under the Land Use Act as security for credit." The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies 26, no. 2 (July 1984): 203-218. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Land-use policy, Law, Credit policy, Legal system, Land tenure system. KEYWORDS: Land Use Act 1978. 8722 Umoh, P. N. "Financial management of the political and economic system." In: Issues in Public Sector Management inNigeria, edited by Isa Hashim. Zaria, Nigeria: Centre for Management Development, 1985. 297-307 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Financial system. KEYWORDS: financial management; financial resources. 8723 Usman, Sa'ad. "Impact of the second-tier foreign exchange market (SFEM) on industry." In: The Nigerian Economy under (S)FEM: The Economics of the Foreign Exchange Market in a Developing Economy, edited by J. Attah, M. Kwanashie, and O. Ojowu. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University, 1987. 172-183 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Industrial development, Foreign exchange, Trade policy, Raw materials. KEYWORDS: SFEM (Second-Tier Foreign Exchange Market). An assessment of the effect of the second-tier foreign exchange market on the industrial sector's level of output and rate of growth. Focuses on the impact of foreign exchange shortage and the policies governing the availability of industrial raw material.

8717 Ukochio, E. N. "Some suggestions for policy on promoting rural banking services in Nigeria." In: Rural Banking inNigeria, edited by Adeniyi Osuntogun and Wole Adewunmi. Harlow, UK: Longman, 1983. 100-102 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Banking. KEYWORDS: rural banking.

8724 Usman, Shamsuddeen. "The operations of SFEM and its implications for banking." The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies 28, no. 1 (March 1986): 105-118. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Banking policy, Monetary policy, Banking. KEYWORDS: SFEM (Second-Tier Foreign Exchange Market); devaluation. Concentrates on the mode of operations of the second-tier foreign exchange market and its implications for banking. Attempts to explain the concept and scope of the market and considers the implications for the banking sector.

8718 Ukpong, Ignatius I. "Inflation, the consumer, and the environment." Journal of African Studies 12, no. 1 (Spring 1985): 23-31. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Inflation, Environmental

8725 Usman, Yusufu Bala. Nigeria against the IMF: The Home Market Strategy. Kaduna, Nigeria: Vanguard, 1986. 187 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic crisis, Structural ad-

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justment. KEYWORDS: IMF; Nigerian national budget 1985; Nigerian national budget 1986. Analyzes the Nigerian economy of the 1980s and the underlying causes of economic crisis today in Nigeria. Dissects the 1985 national budget, assesses the impact of the IMF's structural adjustment program, and studies the 1986 national budget. Asserts that structural adjustment is turning Nigeria away from self-reliance. 8726 Usman, Yusufu Bala. "Understanding and resolving the current economic crisis in Nigeria." Africa Development!Afrique et développement 10, no. 1/2 (1985): 169-207. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic crisis, Oil industry. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Federal Military Government; Odama Committee Report 1983; Nigerian Second Republic 1979-1983. 8727 Usoro, E. J. "Producer prices and rural economic activity: A case study of two Itak villages in the south-eastern state of Nigeria." In: Readings in Nigerian Rural Society and Rural Economy, edited by O. Otite and C. Okali. Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann, 1990.185-199 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Income distribution, Price policy. KEYWORDS: Itak villages, Nigeria; rural economy. Explores the extent to which labor time distribution, under conditions of declining palm products prices, has affected the earnings of resident agricultural laborers in the Itak villages of Nigeria. 8728 Usoro, Eno J. "Implication of the new Nigerian constitution for a self-reliant economic development." In: Return to Civilian Rule, edited by Abubakar Yaya Aliyu. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University, 1982. 53-58 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Legal system, Constitutional development, Mixed economy. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Constitution 1979. 8729 Usoro, Eno J. "The Nigerian agricultural sector: A review of development." In: Economic Policy and Development in Nigeria 1987, edited by Adedotun O. Phillips and Eddy C. Ndekwu. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1988. 163-172 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Agricultural development, Budget policy, Structural adjustment, Foreign exchange. KEYWORDS: Nigerian national budget 1987. Examines the long-term implications of Nigeria's national agricultural sector policy. Provides a brief summary of the 1987 agricultural budget and assesses the impact of Nigerian agricultural policy on the traditional agricultural sector. 8730 Utomakill, J. B. "Consumer cooperatives: An answer to urban poverty, a case study of Benin City." In: The Urban Poor in Nigeria, edited by P. K. Makinwa and O. A. Ozo. Ibadan, Nigeria: Liduto, 1987. 347-359 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Economic growth policy, Cooperatives, Price policy. KEYWORDS: Benin City, Nigeria; Consumer Cooperative Society. Assesses to what degree consumer cooperatives can help alleviate the problems of poverty in Nigeria's urban areas. Suggests that the government help in promotion of cooperatives. 8731 Uzoaga, W. Okofie. Money and Banking in Nigeria. Enugu, Nigeria: Fourth Dimension, 1981. 304 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Banking, Banking policy, Monetary policy. KEYWORDS: Central Bank of Nigeria; West African Currency Board; naira. 8732 Uzoaga, W. Okofie. "Legislating bank capital in Nigeria." In: Commercial Banking in Nigeria, edited by A. Soyode and A. Oyejide. Ibadan, Nigeria: Unibadan, 1986. 115-130 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Banking policy, Legislative action. Assesses legal options regarding the protection of banking capital in Nigeria. 8733 Wallace, R. S. O. "Profitability and liquidity of Nigerian

banks." In: Banks and the Nigerian Economy, edited by Femi Adekanye. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Bankers, 1984. 157178 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Banking policy, Banking. KEYWORDS: rural banking; Central Bank of Nigeria; capital flow. 8734 Watts, Michael J. "Agriculture and oil-based accumulation: Stagnation or transformation." In: State, Oil and Agriculture in Nigeria, edited by Michael Watts. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: Institute of International Studies, University of California Press, 1987.58-84pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Agricultural production, Oil industry, Regional economics, Political economy studies. KEYWORDS: IMF; OPEC; World Bank; Shagari, Shehu; Buhari, Muhammadu. Explores the relationship between Nigeria's economic crises and the removal from power of Shehu Shagari. Assesses Nigerian economic policies from 1973 to 1983. Addresses the negative role that Nigeria's oil boom economy and rapid growth had on the long-term Nigerian economy. 8735 Williams, Gavin, ed. Inequalities in Rural Nigeria. Norwich, UK: School ofDevelopment Studies, University of East Anglia, 1981. 125 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Rural development, Economic inequality, Poverty, Agricultural production, Oil industry, Rural planning policy. 8736 Williams, Gavin. "Marketing without and with marketing boards: The origins of state marketing boards in Nigeria." Review of African Political Economy 34 (December 1985): 4-15. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Marketing boards, C o m m o d i t y p r o d u c t i o n , M a r k e t i n g , E c o n o m i c analysis. KEYWORDS: monopoly. 8737 Williams, Gavin. "Nigeria: The neo-colonial political economy." In: Political Economy of Africa: Selected Readings, edited by Dennis L. Cohen and John Daniel. London: Longman, 1981.45-66 pp. SUBJECTS: Political economy studies, Class analysis, Neocolonialism, Capitalist development. 8738 Wole, Adewunmi. Loan Management in Nigerian Banks: A Study in the Efficiency of Commercial Banks' Lending Function in a Developing Economy. Wales, UK: University of Wales Press, 1984. 133 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Banking policy, Banking. KEYWORDS: SOFI (Simulation of Financial Institutions). 8739 Yerokun, Olusegun. Legal Aspects of Structural Adjustment Programme in Nigeria. Oyo, Nigeria: Department of Law, University of Ilorin, and Elewi Enterprises, 1989. 236 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Structural adjustment, Economic analysis, Cultural policy, Rural development, Privatization, Legal system. KEYWORDS: SFEM (Second-Tier Foreign Exchange Market); commercialization. Discusses in detail the various laws passed to assist in operation of the structural adjustment program in Nigeria. Examines the impact of foreign cultures on the Nigerian economy. Studies the concepts of privatization and commercialization in Nigeria. 8740 Zartman, I. William, and Sayre Schatz. "Introduction." In: The Political Economy of Nigeria, edited by I. William Zartman. New York: Praeger, 1983.1-24 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development. KEYWORDS: NPC (Northern People's Congress); Nigerian Constitution 1979. 8741 Zartman, I. William, ed. Political Economy of Nigeria. New York: Praeger, 1983. 283 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Political economy studies. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Federal Military Government; Nigerian Second Republic 1979-1983.

NIGERIA/Education • 6 0 3 SEE ALSO 525, 568, 575, 755, 759, 762, 765, 770, 775, 823, 850, 5776,5783,5792,8118,10530,13147,13156,14224,14238,14979, 15006,15009.

Education

8742 Adejumobi, S. A., and U. M. O. Ivowi, eds. Comparative Education for Nigeria. Lagos, Nigeria: NERDC (Nigerian Educational Research and Development Council), 1990. 340 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Africa. SUBJECTS: Education policy, Formal education, Education system, Budget policy. KEYWORDS: CESAC (Comparative Education Study and Adaption Centre); comparative education. Contains papers delivered at the Comparative Education Conference in Nigeria in 1985. Compares a variety of educational issues affecting the Nigerian government's education policy in Africa and in the Third World in general. States that that policy must be understood and influenced by the entire Nigerian population. 8743 Adekunle, M. A. "Language in a multicultural context." In: Multilingualism, Minority Languages and Language Policy in Nigeria, edited by E. Nolue Emenanjo. Bendel State, Nigeria: Central, 1990. 239-247 pp. SUBJECTS: Language policy. KEYWORDS: multiculturalism. Examines the phenomenon of language and its multicultural context in Nigeria. Asserts that linguistic scientists should see themselves as promoters of cooperation and progress through language development. 8744 Adelabu, M. A. "Education and the urban poor in Nigeria." In: The Urban Poor in Nigeria, edited by P. K. Makinwa and O. A. Ozo. Ibadan, Nigeria: Liduto, 1987. 65-74 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Education system, Urban poverty, Unemployment, Education opportunity. KEYWORDS: vocational education. Assesses unemployment as a major indicator of urban poverty. Attributes widespread unemployment to the lack of equal educational training and opportunity. Suggests that the government ought to focus on improving vocational training in schools, as well as increasing its availability. 8745 Adelusi, I. O. "General problems of educational development in Nigeria: Economic, manpower needs, responsibility control, diversification of the system and curriculum." In: Education and the Nigerian Society, edited by Pai Obanya. Ibadan, Nigeria: Ibadan University Press, 1981. 19-34 pp. SUBJECTS: Education policy, Education reform, Education system. KEYWORDS: curriculum; labor control. 8746 Aderalegbe, Adeniji. "University administration under military rule." In: The Impact of Military Rule on Nigeria's Administration, edited by A. O. Sanda, Olusola Ojo, and Victor Ayeni. Ile-Ife, Nigeria: University of Ife Press, 1987.140-169 pp. SUBJECTS: Higher education, Military government, Academic research. KEYWORDS: university-state relations. Puts forth a theoretical and historical overview of the relationship between the state and the university, particularly during. Nigerian military rule. Places special emphasis on academic freedom. 8747 Adesina, Segun, and Tinule L. Johnson. Cost-Benefit Analysis of Education in Nigeria. Lagos, Nigeria: Lagos University Press, 1981. 77 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Education policy, Budget policy, Primary education, Secondary education. 8748 Adesina, Segun, ed. Local Government and Education in Nigeria. Lagos, Nigeria: Joja, 1987. 271 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS:

Africa. SUBJECTS: Local government, Education system, Education policy. Assesses the relationship between local government and education in Nigeria. Explores local government's relationship to the state and federal governments, as well as its financial needs and education policy. 8749 Adesina, Segun. Planning and Educational Development in Nigeria. Ibadan, Nigeria: Board, 1982. 269 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Education policy, Education system. KEYWORDS: Ashby Commission report 1959; Nigerian national development plans. 8750 Adesina, Segun, and Segun Ogunsaja, eds. Primary Education in Nigeria. Ibadan, Nigeria: Board Publications, 1982. 299 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Primary education, Local government, Education system. KEYWORDS: universal primary education. 8751 Adewole, Ayo. Philosophy of Education for Nigeria. Onitsha, Nigeria: Leadway, 1988. 131 pp. SUBJECTS: Education system, National development, Education policy. KEYWORDS: Nigerian national development plans. Explores the role that education plays in Nigeria's development. Suggests that education should be used to transform the consciousness of Nigerians so they might better tackle Nigeria's socioeconomic and development problems. Recommends specific proposals for educational development. 8752 Ahmed, Umaru Balarabe. "Education as an obstacle: The Nigerian neo-colonial system from 1960 to the present." In: Proceedings of the National Conference on Nigeria since Independence, volume 2, edited by M. O. Kayode and Y. B. Usman. Zaria, Nigeria: Panel on Nigeria since Independence History Project, 1985. 153-182 pp. SUBJECTS: Education policy, Political history, Government bureaucracy, Formal education, Nonformal education. KEYWORDS: Nigerian National Policy on Education 1977; NT A (Nigerian Television Authority). 8753 Aiki, Bomji. "The decision-making process in Nigerian educational institutions: The example of Oyo State College of Arts and Science." In: Issues in the Administration of Nigeria's Public Sector, edited by A. O. Sanda and Olusola Ojo. Ile-Ife, Nigeria: University of Ife Press, 1986. 59-75 pp. SUBJECTS: Education system, Higher education, Administration. KEYWORDS: Oyo State College of Arts and Science. Assesses the role that administrators play in the Oyo State College of Arts and Science. Asserts that administrators need to play a more active role in the school's decision-making process. 8754 Ajayi, Kayode. Educational Development and Management in Nigeria Since Independence (1960-1985). Ibadan, Nigeria: Vantage, 1989.154 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Education policy, Military government, Education system. KEYWORDS: Nigerian First Republic 1960-1965; Nigerian Second Republic 1979-1983; Nigerian National Policy on Education 1977; teacher training; NUC (National Universities Commission). Consists of a collection of articles that examines Nigeria's education system both pre- and post-independence. Assesses educational development during the First and Second Republics, and during thirteen years of military rule. Discusses Nigeria's National Policy on Education. 8755 Ajie, Victor Elemchuku Nwaji. A Critical Study of In-Service Teacher Education for Primary School Teachers in Rivers State Nigeria. Nairobi, Kenya: ACO (African Curriculum Organization) Project, 1981. 40 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Research methodology, Education system, Primary education. KEYWORDS: teacher training; Rivers State, Nigeria.

604 • NIGERIA/Education 8756 Akangbou, Stephen D. The Economics of Educational Planning in Nigeria. Ghaziabad, India: Vikas, 1985.150 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Education policy, Education reform. 8757 Akani, C. U. Deepening Crisis in Nigerian Educational System. PortHarcourt, Nigeria: Pam Unique, 1990.73 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Education system, Colonialism, Student protest, Education policy. KEYWORDS: ASUU (Academic Staff Union of Universities). Provides an overview of Nigeria's educational system from colonialism to the present. States that many of the problems that plagued it during colonialism have not been addressed. Maintains that the government's hostile attitude toward students and professors has contributed to the system's demise. 8758 Akaninwor, G. I. Ken. Industrial Education and Technology in Nigeria: Development and Current Trends. Port Harcourt, Nigeria: Pam Unique, 1990. 190 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Industrial policy, Education policy, Technical training, Technology. Provides a history of industrial and technical education in Nigeria. Reviews vocational and technical schools by state. Addresses curriculum development, trends in training and technique, and industrial relations. Attends to indigenous technology. 8759 Akindele, Femi. "Issues in the use of English and multilingualism in contemporary Nigeria." In: Modern Nigeria: A Tribute to G. O. Olusanya, edited by Toyin Falola. Lagos, Nigeria: Modelor, 1990. 104-119 pp. SUBJECTS: Language policy. KEYWORDS: English language. Examines English as a national language and reviews the debate over whether an indigenous Nigerian language should be substituted for it. Discusses the difficulties inherent in keeping English or substituting a local language and recommends government policy for the adoption of either practice. 8760 Alabi, Tony D. "The crisis of educational development and autonomy." In: Proceedings of the National Conference on Nigeria since Independence, volume 2, edited by M. O. Kayode and Y. B. Usman. Zaria, Nigeria: Panel on Nigeria since Independence History Project, 1985. 104-112 pp. SUBJECTS: Education policy, Primary education, Technical training. KEYWORDS: universal primary education. 8761 Aniakor, Davidson Chuka. Press Pedagoguery in Nigeria 1920-90s. Lagos, Nigeria: Federal Government Press, 1990. 176 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Mass media, Higher education, Literacy, Freedom of expression. KEYWORDS: journalism. Provides an overview of the development of journalism in Nigeria and analyzes the role that higher education has played in the process. Maintains that the press should be allowed freedom of expression in order to perform its proper role as social critic. 8762 Anusionwu, Chuckwuma. "Regional variation in public management of educational resources in Nigeria." The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies 23, no. 2 (July 1981): 233-248. tables. SUBJECTS: Public administration, Education policy, Education opportunity, Education system, Resource distribution, Management. 8763 Attah, J. S. "National education policy." In: Federal Character and National Integration in Nigeria, edited by Ukwu I. Ukwu. Kuru, Nigeria: National Institute for Policy and Strategic Studies, 1987. 133-137 pp. SUBJECTS: Federalism, Education system, National development, Education policy. KEYWORDS: enrollment. Examines the concept of federal character in the context of Nigeria's national education policy. 8764 Avoseh, Olusola. "The school system and the local economy." In: Local Government and Education in Nigeria, edited by Segun

Adesina. Lagos, Nigeria: Joja, 1987.137-150 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: E d u c a t i o n system, Education policy, Local government. KEYWORDS: financial resources; education financing. Assesses the ongoing problem of financing the Nigerian educational system. Suggests different financial sources for maintaining and improving upon Nigerian education. 8765 Ayeni, Bola, Gerald Rushton, and Michael McNulty. "An analysis of the efficiency of the location of secondary schools in some rural areas of Ogun State." The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies 27, no. 3 (November 1985): 345-369. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Resource distribution, Secondary education, Education policy, Education opportunity. KEYWORDS: Ogun State, Nigeria; spatial analysis. 8766 Bamisaiye, E. A. "American influence on higher education in Nigeria." African Studies Association Papers 25, no. 9 (November 1982): 1-24. tables. SUBJECTS: Primary education, Higher education, Technical assistance, Technical training. KEYWORDS: universal primary education; in-service training. 8767 Bleambo, Patrick K. "Plurilingualism in Gongola State." In: Multilingualism, Minority Languages and Language Policy in Nigeria, edited by E. Nolue Emenanjo. Bendel State, Nigeria: Central, 1990. 186-196 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Language policy. KEYWORDS: Gongola State, Nigeria; plurilingualism. Provides data on the language situation in Gongola State, Nigeria. Outlines the distinction between language and ethnicity and between language and dialect. Examines the relationship between language boundaries and geographical boundaries in Gongola State. 8768 Bray, Mark. Universal Primary Education in Nigeria: A Study of Kano State. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1981. 212 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Islamic society, Education system, Education policy. KEYWORDS: universal primary education; Kano State, Nigeria. 8769 Briggs, Benoni. "The university system." In: Federal Character and National Integration in Nigeria, edited by Ukwu I. Ukwu. Kuru, Nigeria: National Institute for Policy and Strategic Studies, 1987. 142-152 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Higher education, Human resources development, Education opportunity, Federalism. KEYWORDS: enrollment. Discusses the implications for educational and national planning in instituting a federal character into the Nigerian university system. Draws attention to the importance of adopting a federal character for locating, staffing, and admitting students into institutions of higher education. 8770 Callaway, A. C. Dropouts from Nigeria's Schools, 1961-71. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1981. 87 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Education system, Youth issues, Statistical analysis, Education level. KEYWORDS: school leavers. 8771 Callaway, Barbara. Education and the Emancipation ofHausa Muslim Women in Nigeria. East Lansing, Michigan: Women in International Development, Michigan State University, 1986.29 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Women's studies, Primary education, Islamic society, Education opportunity. KEYWORDS: Hausa people. Discusses the introduction in 1976 of universal primary education in Nigeria. Explores the effect of sending Hausa Muslim girls to school, on popular perceptions of women's proper role in an Islamic society, and on the girls' perceptions of themselves and their own life prospects. 8772 Chumbow, Beban Sammy. "The place of the mother tongue in the national policy on education." In: Multilingualism, Minority Languages and Language Policy in Nigeria, edited by E. Nolue Emenan-

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jo. Bendel State, Nigeria: Central, 1990. 61-72 pp. SUBJECTS: Education policy, Language policy, National development, National integration. KEYWORDS: UNESCO. Examines the role of indigenous language in the Nigerian national policy on education. Assesses the impact that language has on national development. Considers the advantages and disadvantages of using the mother tongue in education.

8780 Elugbe, Ben Ohi. "National language and national development." In: Multilingualism, Minority Languages and Language Policy in Nigeria, edited by E. Nolue Emenanjo. Bendel State, Nigeria: Central, 1990. 10-19 pp. SUBJECTS: Language policy, National development, Nonformal education. Focuses on the role of indigenous Nigerian languages and the concept of a national language in national development.

8773 Csapo, Marg. "Universal primary education in Nigeria: Its problems and implications." The African Studies Review 26, no. 1 (March 1983): 91-106. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Education policy, Primary education. KEYWORDS: universal primary education; education financing; teacher training.

8781 Emenanjo, E. N., ed. Multilingualism, Minority Languages and Language Policy in Nigeria. Bendel State, Nigeria: Central, 1990.312 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Language policy, National development, Education policy, Formal education. KEYWORDS: minority languages; lingua francas. Examines the Nigerian paradigmatic scheme for multilingualism. Touches upon the Nigerian language question and constitutional development. Focuses on socioeconomic, sociopolitical, and sociolinguistic considerations.

8774 Daku, Jeremiah N. "Data collection for educational planning at the local level." In: Local Government and Education in Nigeria, edited by Segun Adesina. Lagos, Nigeria: Joja, 1987. 125-136 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Statistical analysis, Development planning, Education policy, Education system. KEYWORDS: data management. Assesses the importance of data collection for educational planning at the local level in Nigeria. 8775 Daku, Jeremiah N. "Problems and prospects of the effective funding of primary education in Benue State." In: Local Government and Education in Nigeria, edited by Segun Adesina. Lagos, Nigeria: Joja, 1987. 164-199 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Development financing, Education policy, Primary education, Local government. KEYWORDS: Benue State, Nigeria; data management. Assesses funding for primary education in Benue State, Nigeria. Includes an overview of the economic status of Benue State education. Suggests increased state and federal government intervention, as well as more private aid from individuals and corporations. 8776 Diejomaoh, V. P., and E. C. Anusionwu. "Education and income distribution in Nigeria." In: The Political Economy of Income Distribution in Nigeria, edited by Henry Bienen and V. P. Diejomaoh. New York: Holmes and Meier, 1981.373-420 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Education policy, Income inequality, Sex discrimination, Education opportunity. KEYWORDS: universal primary education; education financing. 8777 Doi, A. R. "The Qur'anic education: Problems and prospects." In: Children in Raduna State, Nigeria: Problems and Needs, edited by M. N. Kisekka. Zaria, Nigeria: Kaduna Childwelfare Committee, Ahmadu Bello University, 1981.1 -20 pp. SUBJECTS : Islam, Education p o l i c y , E d u c a t i o n r e f o r m , E m p l o y m e n t o p p o r t u n i t y . KEYWORDS: Islamic education. 8778 Edem, D. A. "School housing policies: Day school versus boarding system." In: Children in Kaduna State, Nigeria: Problems and Needs, edited by M. N. Kisekka. Zaria, Nigeria: Kaduna Childwelfare Committee, Ahmadu Bello University, 1981. 21-33 pp. SUBJECTS: Education policy, Children, Education system. KEYWORDS: school housing policy; boarding schools; day school system; Kaduna, Nigeria. 8779 Ejiogu, Aloy M. "Towards a more participatory communitybased school system in Nigeria: The role of local governments." In: Local Government and Education in Nigeria, edited by Segun Adesina. Lagos, Nigeria: Joja, 1987.61-73 pp. SUBJECTS: Education system, Local government, Decentralization, Education reform. KEYWORDS: federal-state relations; community participation. Assesses the federal government's stand on the role of local government in formal education. Analyzes and eventually rejects the suggestion that a decentralized education system would create a differential standard throughout Nigeria. Calls for a more participatory community-based school system.

8782 Emenanjo, E. Nolue. "In the tradition of the majors: Lessons in language engineering for the minority languages." In: Multilingualism, Minority Languages and Language Policy in Nigeria, edited by E. Nolue Emenanjo. Bendel State, Nigeria: Central, 1990. 88-98 pp. SUBJECTS: Language policy, Literacy. KEYWORDS: NERC (Nigerian Educational Research Council); minority languages. Suggests way s in which the languages of Nigeria can benefit from the experiences of the nine major Nigerian languages in terms of language engineering. Examines the concept of language engineering. 8783 Essien, Okon E. "The future of minority languages." In: Multilingualism, Minority Languages and Language Policy in Nigeria, edited by E. Nolue Emenanjo. Bendel State, Nigeria: Central, 1990. 155-168 pp. SUBJECTS: Language policy. KEYWORDS: minority languages; National Policy on Education; Soviet paradigm. Assesses the future of minority languages in Nigeria. Examines the problems of use of minority languages. Suggests that Nigeria should emulate the USSR with respect to its language policy. Examines the role of the linguist in the development of Nigerian minority languages. 8784 Fagbamiye, E. O. "Egalitarianism and formal education in Nigeria." In: Manpower Development and Utilization in Nigeria: Problems and Policies, edited by Folayan Ojo, Adeyemo Aderinto, and Tayo Fashoyin. Lagos, Nigeria: Lagos University Press, 1986. 39-52 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Education system, Education opportunity. KEYWORDS: equal rights; egalitarianism. Asserts that the idea that Nigerian education is egalitarian is a myth. Suggests that more effort should be made to offer all Nigerians equal access to education. 8785 Fagbulu, A. M. "The search for adaptation and innovation in Nigerian education: 1960-1982." In: Proceedings of the National Conference on Nigeria since Independence, volume 2, edited by M. O. Kayode and Y. B. Usman. Zaria, Nigeria: Panel on Nigeria since Independence History Project, 1985.113-129 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Education policy, Higher education, Technical training. KEYWORDS: CESAC (Comparative Education Study and Adaptation Centre). 8786 Falade, Gabriel O. "Issues in collective bargaining in the teaching service." In: Collective Bargaining in the Public Sector in Nigeria, edited by Tayo Fashoyin. Lagos, Nigeria: Macmillan Nigeria, 1987. 138-158 pp. SUBJECTS: Education policy, Collective bargaining, Education system. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Union of Teachers; ILO; teachers. Assesses the collective bargaining power of Nigerian teachers. Explores the limitations and problems that teachers have regarding collective bargaining. 8787 Forojalla, S. B. "The local education department and its

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relationships." In: Local Government and Education inNigeria, edited by Segun Adesina. Lagos, Nigeria: Joja, 1987.34-60 pp. SUBJECTS: Education policy, Local government, Law, Education system. KEYWORDS: Kano State, Nigeria; Local Education Authorities; Education Act 1952; Northern Nigeria; Education Act Section 22, 1964. Traces the emergence of organized education at the local level from 1881 onward. Focuses on Kano State. Outlines modern education in Northern Nigeria and the role that each branch plays in educational development in Nigeria. 8788 Gaba, Barbara A. "Citizenship education: Viewpoints and perceptions of northern and central Nigeria." African Studies Association Papers 27, no. 102 (October 1984): 1-24. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Education system, Civil rights, Democracy, Primary education, Ethnicity, Nationalism. KEYWORDS: Northern Nigeria; central Nigeria; citizenship education. 8789 Gani-Ikilama, T.O. "Use of Nigerian pidgin in education? Why Not?" In: Multilingualism, Minority Languages and Language Policy in Nigeria, edited by E. Nolue Emenanjo. Bendel State, Nigeria: Central, 1990. 219-227 pp. SUBJECTS: Education policy, Primary education, Secondary education, Language policy. KEYWORDS: Nigerian pidgin; pidgin english. Examines the current status of Nigerian pidgin in Nigerian educational institutions. Considers several objections to the use of pidgin. Highlights the rationale for use of pidgin in formal education. 8790 Gravenir, F. Q. "Meeting the financial needs of the school system at the local level." In: Local Government and Education in Nigeria, edited by Segun Adesina. Lagos, Nigeria: Joja, 1987. 151163 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Education system, Education policy, Local government. KEYWORDS: education financing. Assesses the ongoing problem of finance in the Nigerian education system. Explores different financial sources in order to maintain and improve upon Nigerian education. 8791 Haglund, Elaine. " T h e problem of the match'—cognitive transition between early childhood and early school: Nigeria." The Journal of Developing Areas 17, no. 1 (October 1982): 77-92. SUBJECTS: Behavioral analysis, Education system, Children, Primary education. 8792 Idris, Olawale. "Inter-governmental relations and national policy and education." In: Federal Character and National Integration in Nigeria, edited by Ukwu I. Ukwu. Kuru, Nigeria: National Institute for Policy and Strategic Studies, 1987. 138-141 pp. SUBJECTS: Human resources development, Primary education, Secondary education, Technical training. KEYWORDS: NERC (Nigerian Educational Research Council). Emphasizes the need to develop citizens with a national identity via a national policy on education that promotes national integration. Concentrates on the role of government in and the impact of education on social change. 8793 Ike, Don. "Human resource development as a factor for economic growth in Nigeria." The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies 23, no. 3 (November 1981): 393-409. SUBJECTS: Economic growth rate, Education opportunity, Education reform, Human resources development, Higher education. KEYWORDS: vocational education. 8794 Ityavyar, Dennis A. "The deepening crisis in Nigerian education: A contribution to the debate on the demise of universal primary education (UPE)." Afrika Spectrum 21, no. 2 (1986): 163-174. tables. SUBJECTS: Education system, Primary education, Corruption. KEYWORDS: universal primary education. Discusses reasons for the failure of free primary education for all.

Argues that if everyone is made to pay for his or her education, only the rich will be educated. Draws from personal experience. Describes Western education in Nigeria. Concludes that primary education must be paid for by the state. 8795 Iwara, A. U. "Mother-tongue education: Problems and prospects in a post-colonial African state: Nigeria." Présence africaine 119 (1981): 90-108. SUBJECTS: Ethnicity, Education policy, Language policy. KEYWORDS: indigenous language; missionaries. 8796 Jiboyewa, David A. School Administration in Nigeria: A Theoretical and Behavioural Approach. Lagos, Nigeria: John West Ikeja, 1990. 113 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Education system, Administration, Education policy, Law. KEYWORDS : education financing; curriculum. Surveys major topics in educational administration, focusing on the social, economic, political, legal, and fiscal bases of school administration. Reviews major theories and concepts and relates them to current practices in Nigerian education administration. 8797 Jibril, Munzali. "Minority languages and lingua francas in Nigerian education." In: Multilingualism, Minority Languages and Language Policy in Nigeria, edited by E. Nolue Emenanjo. Bendel State, Nigeria: Central, 1990. 109-117 pp. SUBJECTS: Language policy, Education policy. KEYWORDS: lingua francas; minority languages. Examines critically the language provisions of the Nigerian National Policy on Education. Assesses the inadequacy of the provisions' objectives and strategies. Proposes a revised policy identifying the languages that are to be used as a medium of instruction and those to be taught as subjects, based on the principle of population of users. 8798 Jinadu, L. Adele. "Social science and development in Nigeria." In: Sciences sociales en Afrique!Social Sciences in Africa, edited by Mbonigaba Mugaruka, Mutanda Ntumba, and Mugaruka Chibanguka. Kinshasa, Zaire: CERDAS, 1982. 93-143 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Infrastructure, Models, Education policy, Research and development. KEYWORDS: social science discipline. 8799 Jinadu, L. Adele. "The institutional development of political science in Nigeria: Trends, problems and prospects." Revue internationale de science politique IInternational Political Science Review 8, no. 1 (1987): 59-72. SUBJECTS: Academic research, Higher education, Political economy studies. KEYWORDS: Political science discipline. Describes Nigerian political science as historically shaped by US hegemony over the discipline, a statist bent, and the logic of colonial nationalism. Argues that Nigerian political science is thus a reflection of uneven international relationships. 8800 Kayode, M. O., and Y. B. Usman, eds. Proceedings of the National Conference on Nigeria since Independence: The Economic and Social Development of Nigeria. Vol. 2 of 3. Zaria, Nigeria: Panel on Nigeria since Independence History Project, 1985. 568 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic analysis, Education policy, Education system, Formal education, Religion, Religious politics, Class analysis. KEYWORDS: National Conference on Nigeria since Independence 1983. 8801 Kolawole, D. O. "Primary education improvement program (PEIP) in Kaduna state (1970-80)." In: Children in Kaduna State, Nigeria: Problems and Needs, edited by M. N. Kisekka. Zaria, Nigeria: Kaduna Childwelfare Committee and Department of Sociology, Ahmadu Bello University, 1981. 34-52 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Primary education, Children, Education system. KEYWORDS: PEIP (Primary Education Improvement Program); Kaduna State, Nigeria; UNICEF; curriculum.

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8802 Krieger, Milton. "Education and development in Western Nigeria: The legacy of S. O. Awokoya 1952-1985." The International Journal of African Historical Studies 20, no. 4 (1987): 647-667. SUBJECTS: Leadership analysis, Education system, Primary education. KEYWORDS: Awokoya, Stephen O.; Onabamiro, Sanya; universal primary education; Western Nigeria. States that Awokoya and Onabamiro launched the most ambitious formal schooling program in Africa. Traces the policy of an education pioneer, Awokoya, who was the Minister of Education, a founder of the University of Ife, and the author of the Universal Primary Education Program in 1952. Offers critiques as well. 8803 Kujore, Olufemi O. "The environment in which street foods are prepared and sold in a Yoruba town." African Studies Association Papers 27, no. 56 (October 1984): 1-30. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Education level, Demographic analysis, Economic development, Technical training, Informal sector, Water supply, Sanitation. KEYWORDS: Yoruba people; street traders. 8804 Lar, Mary. Aspects of Nomadic Education in Nigeria. Jos, Nigeria: FAB, 1989.197 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Education system, Historical analysis, Migration, Religion, Political system, Economic system, Education policy. KEYWORDS: nomadic people; Plateau State, Nigeria. Analyzes the historic background of the nomadic peoples of Nigeria. Focuses on nomadic indigenous education as well as on attempts at establishing a formal education system for the nomadic peoples. Presents a case study of the nomadic program in Plateau State, Nigeria. 8805 Lawuyi, Olatunde Bayo. "The political values of education in a developing context: Progress and problems in the Nigerian educational system." In: Modern Nigeria: A Tribute to G. O. Olusanya, edited by Toyin Falola. Lagos, Nigeria: Modelor, 1990. 90-103 pp. SUBJECTS: Education system, Political analysis, Education policy. Argues that the Nigerian education system cannot be understood outside the political economy that shapes it. Analyzes the education system's class values and their impact on development, particularly mass mobilization. States that education enhances the power relationships in society. Uses a humanistic approach. 8806 Lawuyi, Olatunde Bayo. "The politics of education: Identity and change in an era of civilian rule in Nigeria, 1979-1983." Asian and African Studies: Journal of the Israel Oriental Society 24, no. 3 (November 1990): 217-230. SUBJECTS: Civilian government, Education system, National identity, Education policy. Examines identity construction in relation to education during Nigeria's Second Republic. Argues that education became the search for and formation of a common state identity, rather than a national identity. Analyzes the movement toward and away from national consciousness. 8807 Longe, R. "Educational planning, reforms and national development in Nigeria." In: Issues in Public Sector Management in Nigeria, edited by Isa Hashim. Zaria, Nigeria: Centre for Management Development, 1985.9-21 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Education policy, Development planning, Education reform. KEYWORDS: Nigerian National Policy on Education 1977. 8808 Longe, Remi S. Factors Influencing Current Costs of Secondary Education in the Oyo State of Nigeria. Paris: UNESCO, 1982. 136 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Education policy, Secondary education, Education reform, Education system. KEYWORDS: education financing; Oyo State, Nigeria; teacher training. 8809 Maingwah, Y. M. "The dynamics of language, ethnicity and communication: The case for an interdisciplinary approach." In: Mul-

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tilingualism, Minority Languages and Language Policy in Nigeria, edited by E. Nolue Emenanjo. Bendel State, Nigeria: Central, 1990. 228-238 pp. SUBJECTS: Language policy, Ethnicity, Research methodology, Education policy. KEYWORDS: communication. Demonstrates the usefulness of a multidisciplinary approach to the study of Nigerian languages. Examines the relationship between language, ethnicity, and communication. 8810 Makinwa-Adebusoye, P. K. "Garri (nursery) schools in Benin City: Meeting the 'day care' needs of the poor." In: The Urban Poor in Nigeria, edited by P. K. Makinwa and O. A. Ozo. Ibadan, Nigeria: Liduto, 1987. 297-316 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Education opportunity, Women's studies, Children, Primary education. KEYWORDS: Benin City, Nigeria; child care. Assesses the construction of garri (nursery) schools in Nigeria, both as a learning center for the child and as a day care center. States that these schools free working mothers and make them more able to earn money for the family. 8811 McKinley, Juanita E., ed. Education in Nigeria: A Selected List of Sources. Stanford, California: Stanford University Libraries, 1981. 72 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Bibliography, Higher education, Informal education, Education policy, Rural development, Formal education, Adult education. 8812 Musa, Alhaji Shehu A. "University autonomy within the laws of the land." In: Industrial Relations Lectures 1982-83 Series, edited by J. D. Ojo and J. B. Fadupin. Ibadan, Nigeria: University of Ibadan, 1983. 23-30 pp. SUBJECTS: Education system, Higher education, Academic research. 8813 National Workshop for the Production of a Blueprint. Blueprint on Women's Education in Nigeria. 2nd ed. Lagos, Nigeria: Women Education Branch of the Federal Ministry of Education, 1989. 74 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Statistical analysis, Education policy, Legislative action, Formal education, Nonformal education, Women's studies, Women and development. KEYWORDS: voluntary organizations; special education; education financing. Proceedings of a workshop with the theme "Education of Women for National Development." Includes recommendations in a variety of areas such as formal and nonformal education, job opportunities, legislation, and funding. Includes lists of participants and presentations but no complete papers. 8814 Ndukwe, Pat. "A sociolinguistic framework for the study of minority languages in Nigeria." In: Multilingualism, Minority Languages and Language Policy in Nigeria, edited by E. Nolue Emenanjo. Bendel State, Nigeria: Central, 1990. 81-87 pp. SUBJECTS: Language policy. KEYWORDS: minority languages; linguistics; Acts of Identity approach. Delineates the relevant facts about the sociolinguistics of minority languages in Nigeria. Shows how these facts may be integrated within the framework provided by the Acts of Identify approach. 8815 Newsum,H.E. Class, Language and Education: Class Struggle and Sociolinguistics in an African Situation. Trenton, New Jersey: Africa World, 1990. 90 pp. SUBJECTS: Language policy, Class struggle, Education policy, Marxist analysis. KEYWORDS: sociolinguistic analysis; English language. Examines the role played by English in the formation of Nigerian class structure. Argues that language in the context of capitalism both reflects and shapes class. Provides a political and Marxist analysis of the social characteristics and meaning of language. 8816 Nwagwu, N. A. Education and the Law in Nigeria: The Rights ofTeachers and Students. Owerri, Nigeria: KayBeeCee, 1987.190 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Freedom of expression, Constitutional law,

608 • NIGERIA/Education Education policy, Education system. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Constitution 1979; teachers; students' rights. Highlights the issues and practices of school administration that have legal implications for headmasters, teachers, students, and parents. Considers the legal basis for public education within both the Nigerian Federal Constitution and state education laws. 8817 Nwagwu, N. A. "Education policy formulation and implementation in Nigeria: A crisis of rational creative action." In: Proceedings of the National Conference on Nigeria since Independence, volume 2, edited by M. O. Kayode and Y. B. Usman. Zaria, Nigeria: Panel on Nigeria since Independence History Project, 1985.202-214 pp. SUBJECTS: Education policy. KEYWORDS: Ashby Commission 1960; Universal Primary Education Scheme 1976; UPN (Unity Party of Nigeria). 8818 Nweze, Amechi. "Higher education, manpower resources and citizenship development: An analysis of issues and trends in Nigerian higher education during military administration (1966-1979)." In: Proceedings of the National Conference on Nigeria since Independence, volume 2, edited by M. O. Kayode and Y. B. Usman. Zaria, Nigeria: Panel on Nigeria since Independence History Project, 1985. 255-270 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Higher education, Labor policy, Human resources development, Education system. KEYWORDS: Ashby Commission 1960; NUC (National Universities Commission); Nigerian National Policy on Education 1977; NYSC (National Youth Service Corps); Nigerian Federal Military Government 1966-1979. 8819 Obanya, P.A.I. "Growth and development in Nigerian education since independence." In: Proceedings of the National Conference on Nigeria since Independence, volume 2, edited by M. O. Kayode and Y. B. Usman. Zaria, Nigeria: Panel on Nigeria since Independence History Project, 1985. 183-201 pp. SUBJECTS: Higher education, Education policy, Technical training. KEYWORDS: National Policy on Education 1982; NYSC (National Youth Service Corps); JAMB (Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board); NERC (National Educational Research Council). 8820 Obanya, P.A.I., ed. Education and the Nigerian Society. Ibadan, Nigeria: Ibadan University Press, 1981. 210 pp. SUBJECTS: Education system, Primary education, Secondary education, Education reform. KEYWORDS: Majasan, James. 8821 Obanya, Pai. "Some correlates of Nigerian pupils' adjustment to boarding house life." In: Education and the Nigerian Society, edited by Pai Obanya. Ibadan, Nigeria: Ibadan University Press, 1981. 155164 pp. SUBJECTS: Education system, Education opportunity. KEYWORDS: student housing; boarding schools. 8822 Obedora, J. T. Growth Patterns and Projections of Primary Educational Resources in Oyo State of Nigeria, 1972-1985. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1981. 136 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Education policy, Primary education. KEYWORDS: Oyo State, Nigeria; education financing. 8823 Obemeata, Joseph O. "Social class, language and the intelligence of Nigerian children." In: Education and the Nigerian Society, edited by Pai Obanya. Ibadan, Nigeria: Ibadan University Press, 1981. 35-44 pp. SUBJECTS: Education reform, Class analysis, Education opportunity, Language policy, Children. KEYWORDS: traditional education. 8824 Obilade, Sandra O. Educational Supervision in Nigeria. Ibadan, Nigeria: Odusote, 1989. 125 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Education policy, Leadership analysis, Education system. Examines the concept of supervision in education. Focuses on the nature and purpose of educational supervision, the evolution of educational supervision, and supervisory strategies. Touches upon the

role of leadership in the education supervisory process. 8825 Ogunlade, Akin. "Educational administrators and teachers as change agents." In: Local Government and Education in Nigeria, edited by Segun Adesina. Lagos, Nigeria: Joja, 1987. 242-258 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Social change, Education system, Education policy. Assesses the role of change through education in Nigeria. Explores resistance to change and criteria for implementing; positive change. 8826 Ogunsaju, Segun. A Guide to School Effectiveness in Nigeria. Ibadan, Nigeria: Laville, 1990.182 pp. SUBJECTS: Education policy, National development, Education reform, Management. KEYWORDS: communication; curriculum. Provides a guide for monitoring the effectiveness of education in Nigeria. Discusses issues surrounding education and development. Examines the role of communication in the development of effective monitoring techniques. Touches upon issues surrounding curriculum design and development. 8827 Ohuche, R., and Anthony Ali, eds. Development of Primary School Teacher Education in Nigeria. 2 vols. Onitsha, Nigeria: Summer, 1989. 550 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Primary education, Education system, Education policy. KEYWORDS: curriculum; teacher training; education financing. A collection of articles discussing major issues in primary education in Nigeria. Offers empirically based suggestions for improved teacher training, curriculum development, and the like. 8828 Ojo, Folayan. "Education and manpower planning in Nigeria." In: Manpower Development and Utilization in Nigeria: Problems and Policies, edited by Folayan Ojo, Adeyemo Aderinto, and Tayo Fashoyin. Lagos, Nigeria: Lagos University Press, 1986. 73-98 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Education policy, Technical training, Primary education, Secondary education, Labor policy. Explores achievements realized in the development of labor through the formal education system. Assesses the shortcomings of labor training and proposes policy changes. 8829 Ojo, J. D., and J. B. Fadupin, eds. Industrial Relations Lectures 1982-83 Series. Ibadan, Nigeria: University of Ibadan, 1983. 72 pp. SUBJECTS: Education policy, Higher education, Freedom of expression. 8830 Ojo, J. D. "University autonomy in Nigeria." In: Industrial Relations Lectures 1982-83 Series, edited by J. D. Ojo and J. B. Fadupin. Ibadan, Nigeria: University of Ibadan, 1983. 44-71 pp. SUBJECTS: Education policy, Higher education, Freedom of expression. 8831 Okedara, J. T. "Determinants of wage expectations among adult literacy instructors in Ogun State of Nigeria." The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies 24, no. 1 (March 1982): 91-116. tables. SUBJECTS: Adult education, Wage policy, Literacy, Statistical analysis, Education policy. KEYWORDS: Ogun State, Nigeria. 8832 Okedara, J. T. The Impact of Literacy Education in Ibadan, Nigeria. Ibadan, Nigeria: Ibadan University Press, 1981. 51 pp. SUBJECTS: Literacy, Education policy, Research methodology. KEYWORDS: UNESCO; Experimental Literacy Project. 8833 Okeem, E. O. "Education and development in the Third World with reference to Nigeria." In: Readings in African Humanities: Traditional and Modern Culture, edited by Edith Ihekweazu., Enugu, Nigeria: Fourth Dimension, 1985. 243-257 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Education policy, Development policy, Education system.

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KEYWORDS: UNESCO. 8834 Okeke, Benjamin S. Education Planning in Nigeria: A Social Process Approach. Lagos, Nigeria: Joja, 1989. 126 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Education policy, Education system, Economic analysis, Sociological analysis. Illustrates the relevance of the social setting and developmental trajectory in education planning in Nigeria. Demonstrates how social factors affect and influence education planning and implementation. Analyzes education planning and development in Nigeria from historical and sociological perspectives. 8835 Okeke, Vincent O., Ifedioramma E. Nwana, Osita C. Eze, and Timothy I. Ibezim, eds. The Challenges of Education in Nigeria: Proceedings of the First Palm Beach Foundation Symposium, 2-3 February 1984. Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria: KayBeeCee, 1989. 222 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Education system, Education opportunity. KEYWORDS: education financing; voluntary organizations; teacher training. Proceedings of the first Palm Beach Foundation symposium, dealing with education in Nigeria. Includes a collection of papers on various aspects of the education system, plus the findings and recommendations of the symposium. 8836 Okunrotifa, P. O. "Education and manpower development." In: A Geography of Nigerian Development, edited by J. S. Oguntoyinbo, O. O. Areola, and M. Filani. Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann, 1983. 229-243 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Labor policy, Higher education, E d u c a t i o n system, Education policy, Technical training. KEYWORDS: teacher-student ratio; curriculum. 8837 Okwudishu, A. U. "Plurilingulism in Plateau State: A preliminary report." In: Multilingualism, Minority Languages and Language Policy inNigeria, edited by E. Nolue Emenanjo. Bendel State, Nigeria: Central, 1990. 197-218 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Language policy. KEYWORDS: plurilingualism; Plateau State, Nigeria. Gives a preliminary report on the Survey of Plateau State Languages. Recommends that all of the widely spoken languages be earmarked for serious language development and that a precensus language and dialect survey be completed in all the states of Nigeria before 1991 in order to provide data that will ensure more accurate recording of native speakers of these languages and dialects during the 1991 census. 8838 Olaitan, S. O. "Vocational education and national manpower development: Constraints and strategies." In: Manpower Development and Utilization in Nigeria: Problems and Policies, edited by Folayan Ojo, Adeyemo Aderinto, and Tayo Fashoyin. Lagos, Nigeria: Lagos University Press, 1986. 53-71 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Labor policy, Human resources development, Education policy, Adult education. KEYWORDS: vocational education. Assesses the role and impact of vocational schools in Nigeria. Explores the constraints and strategies for improvement of vocational training. 8839 Olaofe, I. A. "The relevance of linguistic teaching and learning to the implementation of the national language policy." In: Multilingualism, Minority Languages and Language Policy in Nigeria, edited by E. Nolue Emenanjo. Bendel State, Nigeria: Central, 1990. 50-60 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Language policy. KEYWORDS: linguistics. Asserts that linguistic teaching and learning are relevant to the implementation of the national language policy in Nigeria. Provides data on the extent of indigenous language materials used in Nigerian schools. 8840 Olayemi, A. E. "Minority languages and formal education in Nigeria: Problems and prospects." In: Multilingualism, Minority Languages and Language Policy in Nigeria, edited by E. Nolue Emenan-

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jo. Bendel State, Nigeria: Central, 1990. 99-108 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Formal education, Language policy, Education system. KEYWORDS: minority languages. Examines several problems associated with the use of minority languages during the formal education process of Nigerians. Asserts that it is advantageous to use minority languages in formal education even if only at the initial primary stage. 8841 Omatseye, J. Nesin, ed. Quality in Nigerian Education: A Book ofReadings. Benin City, Nigeria: Supreme Ideal, 1989.196 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Education policy, Secondary education, Historical analysis, Cultural policy. Examines the concept of standards in Nigerian education. Focuses on the national policy of standards for education as well as on the relevance of teacher education. Explores various quality control strategies for ensuring a high-quality-education standard. 8842 Omolewa, Michael. Adult Education Practice in Nigeria. Ibadan, Nigeria: Evans Brothers (Nigeria Publishers), 1981. 159 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: Adult education, Literacy, Education policy, Trade union. KEYWORDS: UNESCO; NNCAE (Nigerian National Council for Adult Education). 8843 Omolewa, Michael. "Educational policies of Nigerian military regimes 1966-1985." In: The Impact of Miliary Rule on Nigeria's Administration, edited by A. O. Sanda, Olusola Ojo, and Victor Ayeni. Ile-Ife, Nigeria: University of Ife Press, 1987. 170-179 pp. SUBJECTS: Education policy, Military government, Academic research. KEYWORDS: universal primary education. Assesses the impact that the military has had on the Nigerian education system. Pays special attention to the universal primary education policies adopted in the 1970s. 8844 Orubuloye, I. O. "Education and socio-demographic change in Nigeria: The western Nigerian experience." In: Women, Education and Modernization of the Family in West Africa, edited by Helen Ware. Canberra, Australia: Department of Demography, Australian National University, 1981. 22-41 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Education level, Education opportunity, Social change, Women's studies. 8845 Osirim, Mary J. "Characteristics of entrepreneurship in Nigerian industries that started small: Some preliminary findings." African Studies Association Papers 26, no. 104 (December 1983): 1-25. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Unemployment, Entrepreneurship, Management, Technical training, Education level. KEYWORDS: Lagos, Nigeria; apprenticeship; universal primary education; indigenous development. 8846 Osokoya, Israel Opeolu. History and Policy of Nigeria Education in World Perspective. Ibadan, Nigeria: AMD Publishers, 1989. 106 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Historical analysis, Policy analysis, Education policy, Nationalism, Colonialism, Primary education, Education system. KEYWORDS: traditional education; EuropeNigeria relations; 6-3-3-4 Educational System. Provides an evolution of education in Nigeria showing the links between the past and the present. Focuses on the roles of individuals and societies in the development of education. Assesses the impact of social contexts on the development of Western education in Nigeria. 8847 Osuala, Judith D. C. "Local government and adult based education programmes in Anambra State." In: Local Government and Education in Nigeria, edited by Segun Adesina. Lagos, Nigeria: Joja, 1987. 104-124 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Education policy, Local government, Adult education. KEYWORDS: Anambra State, Nigeria; universal primary education. Traces the relationship between local government and state government in Anambra State, Nigeria, as it pertains to education

6 1 0 • NI GERÌ A / E d u c a t i o n policy. Focuses on post-1979 universal primary education policy and how it affected education in Anambra State. 8848 Osuntokun, Jide. "Expansion of university education in Nigeria: Problems and prospects." In: Proceedings of the National Conference on Nigeria since Independence, volume 2, edited by M. O. Kayode and Y. B. Usman. Zaria, Nigeria: Panel on Nigeria since Independence History Project, 1985.130-152 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Higher education, Education system, Government expenditure, Technical training. KEYWORDS: Ashby Commission 1960; University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; NUC (National Universities Commission); University of Lagos. 8849 Otolagbe, Emman. "Achievement syndrome: An assessment of some Nigerian university students." The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies 25, no. 2 (July 1983): 211-220. tables. SUBJECTS: Education system, Behavioral analysis, Sociological analysis, Higher education. 8850 Oyeneye, Olatunji Y. "Factors influencing entry into the informal sector apprenticeship system: The Nigerian case." African Social Research 32 (December 1981): 1-27. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Informal sector, Employment opportunity, Technical training, Education level, Traditional society. KEYWORDS: handicrafts; Ede, Nigeria; Oyo State, Nigeria; apprenticeship. 8851 Oyesola, G. O. "Development and administration of local education authority in Kaduna State." In: Local Government and Education in Nigeria, edited by Segun Adesina. Lagos, Nigeria: Joja, 1987. 74-103 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Local government, Education policy, Primary education. KEYWORDS: Kaduna State, Nigeria. Traces the history of the development of local education authorities in Northern Nigeria, focusing on Kaduna State. Assesses the management and financing of primary schools. 8852 Reggie-Fubara, Vicky. Education Group Homogeneity in Diversity: The Case of Nigeria. Port Harcourt, Nigeria: Pam Unique, 1990. 69 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Education system, Ethnicity, Primary education. A history of education in Nigeria. Addresses the diverse nature of Nigerian society and the effect of schooling on that diversity. Recommends education as a platform for creating a common background for Nigerians. Considers Nigeria's educational goals and investment in education. 8853 Ricard, Alain. "Les Wazobiens, les Bendélites et les autres...: le fédéralisme et les langues." Politique africaine no. 32 (December 1988): 57-64. tables. SUBJECTS: Education policy, Language policy, Federalism. KEYWORDS: Hausa people; Yoruba people; Igbo people; Wazobi people. Compares the success of the Wazobians, who are Nigerians from the three major ethnic groups—Hausa, Yoruba, and Igbo—who teach their languages effectively in their monolingual states, as opposed to other states such as Bendel, which are multilingual but are unable to develop a successful language education policy. 8854 Sunal, Dennis W. 'The importance and interrelationships of instructional goals, responsibilities, and rewards in Northern Nigerian universities." African Studies Association Papers 27, no. 103 (October 1984): 1-25. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Technical training, Higher education. KEYWORDS: lecturer training; teacher training; Northern Nigeria. 8855 Taylor, W. H. "Missionary education in Africa reconsidered: The Presbyterian educational impact in Eastern Nigeria 1846-1974." African Affairs: Journal ofthe Royal African Society 83, no. 331 (April 1984): 189-205. tables. SUBJECTS: Colonialism, Historical analysis, Education policy, Education system. KEYWORDS: Calabar, Nigeria;

missionaries. 8856 Tiffin, Scott. "Technological innovation and technical entrepreneurship for the development of a Nigerian agricultural machinery industry." World Development 15, no. 3 (March 1987): 387-398. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Research and development, Corruption, Technical training, Mass communication, Agricultural technology. KEYWORDS: agroindustry; CIRD (Centre for Industrial Research and Development). A case study of technological innovation in agricultural machinery, with suggestions for support through reduction of barriers against technical entrepreneurs. Discusses setting up profit-oriented firms for development and commercialization, in addition to public policy changes that would support entrepreneurship and innovation. 8857 Udoh, Sunday U., and Godwin O. Akpa, eds. Management for Quality Education in Nigeria. Jos, Nigeria: Nigerian Association for Educational Administration and Planning, 1990.214 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Education policy, Education reform, Management, Primary education, Secondary education, Finance, Federal government. KEYWORDS: Plateau State, Nigeria; Benue State, Nigeria; education financing. Explores the concept of management as it pertains to the effectuation of the goal of high-quality education in Nigeria. Posits that educational managers must link schools with their communities, raise resources for education, motivate staff to perform better, and increase the effectiveness of the individual educational institutions and the educational system as a whole in order to have a high-quality education system. 8858 Williamson, Kay. "Development of minority languages: Publishing problems and prospects." In: Multilingualism, Minority Languages and Language Policy in Nigeria, edited by E. Nolue Emenanjo. Bendel State, Nigeria: Central, 1990. 118-144 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Language policy. KEYWORDS: minority languages. Assesses various problems associated with the development of minority languages. Focuses on the problem of publishing. Explores prospects for minority language development. 8859 Yoloye, E. Ayotunde. "Federal character and institutions of higher learning." In: Federal Character and Federalism in Nigeria, edited by Peter P. Ekeh and Eghosa E. Osaghae. Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann (Nigeria), 1989. 47-79 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Ethnic conflict, Higher education, Federalism, Education opportunity, Education policy, Federalism. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Federal Military Government. Examines two incidents that illustrate some of the factors that interact to accent the problem of federal character in higher education, such as equity, political leverage, sectional rivalry, control, and preemptive action. 8860 Zahradeen, Usman A., ed. Management Training and Development in Nigeria: The Role of Manangement Institution in the 1980s. Zaria, Nigeria: Gaskiya, 1981. 307 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Management, Development planning, Education policy, Technology transfer, Labor force, Technical training. KEYWORDS: small-scale industry. SEE ALSO 945, 956, 6346, 7319,15018.

Environment

8861 Abumere, S. I. "Information systems for environmental management and monitoring." The Nigerian Journal of Economics

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and Social Studies 28, no. 3 (November 1986): 319-333. tables. SUBJECTS: Sanitation, Environmental analysis, Water supply. KEYWORDS: solid waste management; information systems; pollution. States that Nigerians have become concerned about environmental quality, especially solid waste disposal and management. Describes the information systems needed for solid waste management and monitoring in cities. Explores the management of water pollution, oil spillage, and slums.

8868 Cline-Cole, R. A., J. A. Falola, H. A. C. Main, and M. J. Mortimore. Wood Fuel in Kano. Tokyo, Japan: UN University Press, 1990. 124 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Energy use, Natural resource management, Rural-urban relations, Ecological analysis. KEYWORDS: firewood; Kano, Nigeria. Presents a study carried out between 1982 and 1986 of fuelwood consumption in urban Kano. Looks at the rural-urban trade in fuelwood, the ecology of fuelwood, and the management of wood resources.

8862 Adams, W. M. "Approaches to water resource development, Sokoto Valley, Nigeria: The problem of sustainability." In: Conservation in Africa: People, Policies, and Practice, edited by David Anderson and Richard Grove. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987. 307-325 pp. maps. SUBJECTS: Water supply, Natural resource management. KEYWORDS: Sokoto Valley, Nigeria; World Conservation Strategy, 1978. Compares two development projects in the Sokoto Valley of Nigeria that were intended to help resolve the water problems in the area. Describes the failure of both projects and suggests reasons for their failure. States the need to learn from such mistakes in order to prevent their recurrence.

8869 Dada, G. O. P., and P. C. Obiaga, eds. Development and Management of Forest Resources of the Arid Zone of Nigeria. Katsina, Nigeria: Forestry Association of Nigeria, 1990.138 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Ecological analysis, Research and development, Natural resource management, Forestry industry. KEYWORDS: conservation. Proceedings of the twentieth annual conference of the Forestry Association of Nigeria, 25-30 November 1990. Includes conference papers addressing a variety of issues related to forestry resources.

8863 Adeyoju, S. Kolade. "International factors and the prospects for integrating African forest resource policies." The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies 26, no. 3 (November 1984): 355-370. SUBJECTS: Natural resource management, Forestry industry, Environmental analysis. KEYWORDS: international resource management; deforestation; ATO (African Timber Organization). 8864 Areola, Olusegun. "The political reality of conservation in Nigeria." In: Conservation in Africa: People, Policies, and Practice, edited by David Anderson and Richard Grove. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987. 277-292 pp. SUBJECTS: Natural resource management. KEYWORDS: Land Use Act 1978; RBRDA (River Basin and Rural Development Authorities). Summarizes Nigerian environmental policy during the 1970s and 1980s. Examines the inability of the Nigerian government to make radical reforms in the country's conservation policies. 8865 Ataga, D. O., I. I. Onwubuya, and U. Omoti. "Land clearing and development from forest vegetation for oil palm plantations." In: Land Clearing and Development in the Tropics, edited by R. Lai, P. A. Sanchez, and R. W. Cummings, Jr. Rotterdam, Netherlands: A. A. Balkema, 1986. 87-95 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Natural resource management, Agricultural production, Agricultural technology, Ecological analysis, Plantation economy. KEYWORDS: oil palm. Points out the current use of partial and completely mechanized forms of land clearing in the palm oil plantation industry. Discusses the industry's procedures, labor requirements, and costs, as well as the effects of some land-clearing and development methods on soil properties and on oil palm yield. 8866 Ayoade, J. O. "Government and public policy: Water resources development and management in Nigeria before and after independence." In: Proceedings of the National Conference on Nigeria since Independence, volume one, edited by J. A. Atanda and A. Y. Aliyu. Zaria, Nigeria: Panel on Nigeria since Independence History Project, 1985. 8-21 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Water supply, Development planning, Natural resource management. KEYWORDS: CBDA (Chad Basin Development Authority); Sokoto-Rima Basin Development Authority. 8867 Ayoade, J. O., and B. L. Oyebande. "Water resources." In: A Geography of Nigerian Development, edited by J. S. Oguntoyinbo, O. O. Areola, and M. Filani. Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann, 1983. 71-88 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Natural resource management, Water supply, Resource distribution.

8870 Dawtley, Brian. "Site selection and bush clearing for agricultural development in Nigeria." In: Land Clearing and Development in the Tropics, edited by R. Lai, P. A. Sanchez, and R. W. Cummings, Jr. Rotterdam, Netherlands: A. A. Balkema, 1986.159-165 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Natural resource management, Ecological analysis. KEYWORDS: llorín, Nigeria. Discusses two aspects of land development: a practical and rapid means of assessing the merits of the soil mantle and the type of equipment being used by some agricultural development projects in Nigeria. 8871 Ebong, Maurice O. "River basin development as a regional planning strategy: The case of the Cross River, Nigeria." Third World Planning Review 10, no. 4 (November 1988): 419-430. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Rural population, Ecological analysis, Water supply, Community development, Case study, Regional planning policy, Agricultural development. KEYWORDS: CRBDA (Cross River Basin Development Authority); river development; Cross River, Nigeria. Analyzes the responses by landowners, peasant farmers, and basin authority employees to CRBDA's contribution to and impact on community development, its training program, its loan scheme, and its acquired land compensation. Applies this inclusive approach to the cognitive problems that hinder the CRBDA's goals. 8872 Faniran, Adetoye. "Reality, harmony and environmental planning in developing countries: A review of recent developments in Nigeria." Third World Planning Review 11, no. 2 (May 1989): 175188. tables. SUBJECTS: Development planning, Environmental degradation, Higher education, Environmental analysis. Analyzes the need for training in environmental planning in Nigerian universities. Describes bachelor and masters level programs that have been developed with an environmental focus. Suggests the need to increase the level of interdisciplinary work to bridge the gap between theory and practice. 8873 Hutchful, Eboe. 'Texaco Funiwa-5 oil-well blowout, Rivers State, Nigeria." Journal of African Marxists no. 7 (March 1985): 51-62. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Oil industry, Ecological analysis, Foreign i n v e s t m e n t , E n v i r o n m e n t a l d e g r a d a t i o n . KEYWORDS: Niger River; Texaco, Inc.; Funiwa-5 oil well, Nigeria; NNPC (Nigerian National Petroleum Company). 8874 Inyang, P. E. B. "Environmental pollution in some Nigerian towns." In: Urbanization Processes and Problems in Nigeria, edited by P. O. Sada and J. S. Oguntoyinbo. Ibadan, Nigeria: Ibadan University Press, 1981. 169-177 pp. SUBJECTS: Environmental degradation, Urbanization, Environmental analysis. KEYWORDS: Lagos,

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Nigeria; pollution. 8875 Lai, R., P. A. Sanchez, and R. W. Cummings, Jr., eds. Land Clearing and Development in the Tropics. Rotterdam, Netherlands: A. A. Balkema, 1986. 450 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Zaire, Cóted'Ivoire. SUBJECTS: Ecological analysis, Agricultural development, Natural resource management, Appropriate technology. KEYWORDS: land clearing; deforestation. Based on material presented at the First International Conference on Land Clearing and Development, November 1982. Covers a wide range of topics, from impact of land clearing on ecosystems to criteria for land development. 8876 Mbanaso, Mike U., and Benjamin C. Aaron. "Water supply problems in a suburban community of metropolitan Lagos, Nigeria." Journal of Third World Studies 6, no. 2 (Fall 1989): 12-20. SUBJECTS: Government bureaucracy, Water supply, Environmental analysis. KEYWORDS: Lagos, Nigeria. Analyzes problems affecting water supplies to Festival Town, a suburb of Lagos, Nigeria. Maintains that government bureaucratic biases toward elites has diverted funds for public services away from poorer sections of the city. 8877 Oguntala, Akin B., ed. The Challenge of Deforestation in Nigeria: Proceedings of the 16th Conference of the Forestry Association of Nigeria,Minna,Niger State, 7th-l 1th December 1986. Ibadan, Nigeria: School of Forestry, Forestry Research Institute of Ibadan, 1986. 724 pp. SUBJECTS: Forestry industry, Socioeconomic analysis, Natural resource management, Agricultural research, Agricultural technology, Environmental degradation. KEYWORDS: deforestation. Consists of a collection of seventy papers dealing primarily with deforestation, an analysis of its effects, and a selection of technical solutions to slow or reverse this trend. 8878 Olu Sule, R. A. "Environmental pollution in an urban centre: Waste disposal in Calabar." Third World Planning Review 3, no. 4 (November 1981): 419-431. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Environmental analysis, Sanitation, Environmental degradation. KEYWORDS: Calabar, Nigeria; pollution.

ment. KEYWORDS: Kano, Nigeria; Northern Nigeria; rainfall. Notes that artificial rainfall via cloud seeding has been suggested as a way to solve Northern Nigeria's inadequate rainfall. Argues that there is not enough humidity at the freezing level to do this. 8882 Shyllon, Folarin, ed. The Law and the Environment in Nigeria. Ibadan, Nigeria: Vantage, 1989. 121 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Law, Environmental analysis, Administration, Environmental degradation. KEYWORDS: Environmental Sanitation Edicts. Compiles papers presented at the November 1988 Nigerian conference on the environment. Examines the status and scope of existing nature conservation legislation as well as the administrative framework for nature conservation. Surveys the various states' edicts, outlining the many lacunae in their provisions. Suggests that radiation pollution of the Nigerian environment is minimal because Nigeria has not yet started its nuclear program. Examines the hazards to water supply and rivers from industrial sources. 8883 Udofia, William E. "The role of river basins and rural development authorities in the development process: The case of Cross River State, Nigeria." Third World Planning Review 10, no. 4 (November 1988): 405-418. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Water supply, Agricultural development, Natural resource management. KEYWORDS: CRBDA (Cross River Basin Development Authority); Cross River State, Nigeria; Nigerian national development plans. Appraises rural development in Nigeria through assessment of the roles of the rural development authorities' performances in Cross River State. Proposes an avoidance of institutional mismanagement and duplication by dividing the Cross River Basin into four separate zones based on ecological differences. 8884 Wright, Stephen. "Nigerian foreign policy: A case of dominance or dependence." In: Nigerian Foreign Policy: Alternative Perceptions and Projections, edited by Timothy Shaw and Olajide Aluko. London: Macmillan, 1983. 93-121 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Natural resource management, Economic dependency, Oil industry, Natural resource management, Export policy. KEYWORDS: ECOWAS; Nigerian Constitution 1979; OAU. SEE ALSO 5815.

8879 Opara-Nadi, O. A., R. Lai, and B. S. Ghuman. "Effects of land clearing methods on physical and hydrological soil properties in southwestern Nigeria." In: Land Clearing and Development in the Tropics, edited by R. Lai, P. A. Sanchez, and R. W. Cummings, Jr. Rotterdam, Netherlands: A. A. Balkema, 1986. 215-225 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Agricultural development, Natural resource management, Traditional society, Ecological analysis. KEYWORDS: land clearing. Investigates changes in the physical and hydrological properties of soil as induced by various methods of land clearing in southwestern Nigeria. Concludes that traditional and manual clearing methods seem superior to mechanized methods of land clearing. 8880 Sagua, V. O., E. E. Enabor, P. R. O. Kio, and A. U. Ojanuga, eds. Ecological Disasters in Nigeria: Drought and Desertification. Lagos, Nigeria: Federal Ministry of Science and Technology, 1987. 386 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Desertification, Ecological analysis, Drought, Land-use policy, Agricultural policy. KEYWORDS: agricultural management. Explores the impact of drought on Nigeria's agricultural production as well as on the ecosystem in the Sahel. Suggests policy shifts to manage drought and desertification. 8881 Salau, Oreluwa A. "Is artificial rainmaking a viable option for improved water supply for Nigerian cities?: A case study of Kano, Nigeria." African Urban Quarterly 4, no. 1/2 (February/May 1989): 117-121. tables. SUBJECTS: Water supply, Natural resource manage-

Foreign Relations

8885 Abegunrin, Layi. "Nigeria, South Africa and the Reagan administration." African Studies Association Papers 25, no. 1 (November 1982): 1-20. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Export policy, Military aid, Mining, Superpower politics, Nuclear energy. KEYWORDS: constructive engagement; Reagan, Ronald. 8886 Abubakar, Dauda. "Oil dependence and foreign policy: The Nigerian experience." African Studies Association Papers 28, no. 2 (November 1985): 1-24. tables. ALSO COVERS: Chad. SUBJECTS: International relations, Oil industry, National security, Diplomatic relations, Foreign policy, Infrastructure. KEYWORDS : Nigerian First Republic 1960-1965; OAU. 8887 Adeniran, Tunde. ' T h e terrain and tenor of Nigeria's foreign policy." In: Proceedings of the National Conference on Nigeria since Independence, volume one, edited by J. A. Atanda and A. Y. Aliyu. Zaria, Nigeria: Panel on Nigeria since Independence History Project, 1985. 188-201 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: Nigerian First Republic 1960-1965; Nigerian

NIGERIA/Fo reign R e l a t i o n s •

Federal Military Government; Nigerian Second Republic 1979-1983. 8888 Adikibi, Owen T. "The multinational corporation and monopoly of patents in Nigeria." World Development 16, no. 4 (April 1988): 511-526. tables. SUBJECTS: Transnational corporations, Technological development, Research and development, International economic system, Industrialization, Export policy. KEYWORDS: traditional technology; patents; inventions; monopoly. Examines the effects of the foreign monopoly on patent grants and its implications for technology development. Shows that the Nigerian patent system does not encourage domestic inventiveness. Concludes that the failure of the Nigerian government to make advantageous use of the patent system is its greatest handicap. 8889 Ajene, O. G. "National leadership and Nigerian foreign policy." Nigerian Journal of Political Science 5, no. 1/2 (1987): 17-33. tables. SUBJECTS: Leadership analysis, Foreign policy, Neocolonialism, Oil industry, International relations. KEYWORDS: Muhammed, Murtala Ramat. Examines the brief and transitional impact of national leadership on Nigerian foreign policy. Claims that except for a brief period under General Murtala Mohammed, all Nigerian rulers have conducted a foreign policy that was subservient to neocolonial interests. 8890 Ajene, Oga. "Nigeria's African policy since independence: An analysis of the character and conduct of foreign policy." In: Nigerian Alternatives, edited by Okello Oculi. Zaria, Nigeria: Gaskiya, 1987. 309-323 pp. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, Capitalism, Nationalization, Apartheid, International relations. KEYWORDS: OAU; Nigeria-RS A relations; Nigeria-Zimbabwe relations; BP (British Petroleum); Muhammed, Murtala Ramat. A theoretical overview of Nigeria's foreign policy. Covers the relationship between Nigeria and the OAU, Nigeria's policy toward traditionally racist nations such as the RSA and Rhodesia, and the movement to nationalize British Petroleum. States that pragmatism has always played a central role in Nigerian foreign policy. 8891 Akindele, R. A., and Bassey E. Ate, eds. Nigeria's Economic Relations with the Major Developed Market-Economy Countries, 1960-1985. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 1988. 294 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International economic relations, Economic development, Foreign aid, Foreign investment, Trade balance, Market economy. KEYWORDS: UK-Nigeria relations; France-Nigeria relations; West Germany-Nigeria relations; USNigeria relations; Japan-Nigeria relations. Provides an overview of Nigerian external economic relations from 1960 to 1985. Includes historical perspectives and policy recommendations for improving trade imbalances between Nigeria and the developed nations. Argues that trade continues to be uneven and Nigeria remains neocolonized and dependent. 8892 Akindele, R. A. "Nigeria's external economic relations, 19601985: An analytical overview." In: Nigeria's Economic Relations with the Major Developed Market-Economy Countries, 1960-1985, edited by R. A. Akindele and Bassey E. Ate. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 1988. 100-163 pp. tables. SUBJECTS : Foreign investment, International economic relations, National development, Oil industry, Economic policy, Market economy, Foreign trade. KEYWORDS: Nigerian national development plans. Suggests that Nigeria's external economic relations since independence have tended to be highly Anglocentric and that the international economic system makes it difficult for Nigeria to develop an independent economic policy. Assesses Nigeria's relations with both the market economies and neighboring nations. 8893 Akindele, R. A. "Nigeria's external economic relations, 19601985: Part II: With special emphasis on external loan transactions, foreign private investment and geographical expansion of trade fron-

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tiers." Afrika Spectrum 21, no. 2 (1986): 143-162. tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign trade, International economic relations, Foreign investment, Debt crisis. KEYWORDS: Eastern Europe-Africa relations. Highlights efforts to expand Nigeria's external trade relations, particularly with Africa and Eastern Europe. Addresses loan transactions and foreign private investment as they have been linked to Nigeria's economic development. 8894 Akinsanya, Adeoye. "Multinational corporations in Nigeria and issues of development." Genève AfriquelGeneva Africa 23, no. 3 (1985): 79-96. tables. SUBJECTS: Transnational corporations, Government regulation, Development planning, Nationalization, International economic relations. KEYWORDS: backward linkages. 8895 Akinsanya, Adeoye A. Economic Interdependence and Indigenisation of Private Foreign Investments: The Experiences of Nigeria and Ghana. Columbia, South Carolina: Essay Series, University of South Carolina, 1982. 57 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Ghana. SUBJECTS: International relations, Transnational corporations, Foreign investment, Military government, Private sector, Indigenization, Economic interdependence. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Enterprise Promotion Decree 1977; Nigerian Federal Military Government; CPP (Convention People's Party); Ghana Enterprises Decree 1976; Ghana Business (Promotion) Act 1970. 8896 Akinsanya, Adeoye A. "State strategies towards Nigerian and foreign business." In: The Political Economy of Nigeria, edited by Claude Ake. London: Longman, 1983. 145-184 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Underdevelopment, Foreign investment, Nationalization, Industrialization, Dependency theory, International economic relations. 8897 Akinterinwa, Boia A. "Franco-Nigerian economic relations, 1960-1985." In: Nigeria's Economic Relations with the Major Developed Market-Economy Countries, 1960-1985, edited by R. A. Akindele and Bassey E. Ate. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 1988. 226-262 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic relations, Trade relations, Foreign investment, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: France-Nigeria relations. Assesses the economic relationship between France and Nigeria with a focus on trade, aid, and investment after independence. Addresses the rationale behind the strong tie, the commercial exchange between the two countries, and the patterns of French aid and investment. Touches on future implications. 8898 Akinterinwa, Boia A. "The role of France in Nigeria's relations with its neighbors." The Jerusalem Journal of International Relations 12, no. 1 (January 1990): 112-147. tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, International relations, Military policy. KEYWORDS: FranceNigeria relations. Examines the Nigerian perspective on France as a potential enemy and source of destabilization in West Africa. States that Nigeria must counteract French influence on Francophone West Africa by developing closer ties with the nations of West Africa. Recognizes the current economic superiority of France and suggests a possible triangular entente of Nigeria-neighbors-France. 8899 Akinyemi, Bolaji. "Nigerian-American relations re-examined." In: Survey of Nigerian Affairs 1976-1977, edited by Oyeleye Oyediran. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 1981. 105-114 pp. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, International relations. KEYWORDS: US-Nigeria relations; MPLA; Carter, Jimmy; Young, Andrew. 8900 Akpan, Moses E. "Nigeria's policy and role in the OAU: A critical analysis." In: Alternative Political Futures for Nigeria, edited by Stephen O. Olugbemi. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Political Science Association, 1987. 513-523 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International

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relations, Military government, Foreign policy, Pan-Africanism, Liberation movement, Intervention policy. KEYWORDS: OAU; economic imperialism; African nationalism; cultural imperialism. States that Nigeria identifies Africa as the focus of its foreign policy but that it does not link its policy to the actual external environment. Argues that Nigeria should do more to combat Western economic and cultural imperialism, support liberation movements, and increase African unity. 8901 Alii, W. O. "Nigerian African diplomacy: Alternative options for the future." In: Alternative Political Futures for Nigeria, edited by Stephen O. Olugbemi. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Political Science Association, 1987. 524-531 pp. ALSO COVERS: Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Diplomatic relations, Foreign aid, Credit policy. KEYWORDS: ports. Examines ways in which Nigeria can effectively use its leverage to bridge gaps between itself and other African nations. Recommends diplomacy and economic aid. Argues that Nigeria ought to make its aid nonmonetary, such as giving access to Nigerian ports and selling Nigerian products on favorable credit terms. 8902 Alli-Balogun, Gibolahan. "Soviet technical assistance and Nigeria's steel complex." The Journal of Modern African Studies 26, no. 4 (December 1988): 623-637. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, Mining, Technical assistance, Privatization, Foreign aid, Raw materials, Structural adjustment. KEYWORDS: USSR-Nigeria relations; steel; US-Nigeria relations; UK-Nigeria relations; monopoly. States that developing countries cannot establish metallurgical industries because of those who have a monopoly on the latest technology. Discusses Nigeria's decision, following vacillations by both the UK and the US, to award the main contract for the construction of Africa's largest steel complex to the USSR. 8903 Aluko, Olajide. "Bureaucratic politics and foreign policy decision-making in Nigeria." In: Nigerian Foreign Policy Alternative Perceptions and Projections, edited by Timothy Shaw and Olajide Aluko. London: Macmillan, 1983.77-92 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Power politics. KEYWORDS: UKNigeria relations; Lomé Convention 1984; Uganda-Nigeria relations. 8904 Aluko, Olajide. Essays on Nigerian Foreign Policy. London: Allen andUnwin, 1981.288 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: West Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Regional integration, Civil war, Foreign policy, Economic integration. KEYWORDS: ECOWAS; UK-Nigeria relations; Gowon, Yakubu; Muhammed, Murtala Ramat; OAU. 8905 Aluko, Olajide. Necessity and Freedom in Nigerian Foreign Policy. Ile-Ife, Nigeria: University of Ife Press, 1982. 30 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Policy analysis. KEYWORDS: Nigeria-RSA relations. 8906 Aluko, Olajide. "Nigerian foreign policy in the year 2000." In: Nigerian Foreign Policy: Alternative Perceptions and Projections, edited by Timothy Shaw and Olajide Aluko. London: Macmillan, 1983. 191-204 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Military policy, Foreign investment. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Constitution 1979; ECOWAS. 8907 Aroian, Lois A. "Israeli involvement in Nigerian development: The religio-political dimension." African Studies Association Papers 26, no. 11 (December 1983): 1-24. tables. SUBJECTS: International economic relations, Raw materials, Pan-Africanism, Agricultural production, Religious conflict, Diplomatic relations, Military aid. KEYWORDS: Israel-Nigeria relations. 8908 Asobie, H. A. "Foreign policy and economic development: The past, the present and the future." In: Return to Civilian Rule, edited by

Abubakar Yaya Aliyu. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University, 1985. 293-305 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic development, Diplomatic relations, Economic dependency, Foreign policy, Nonaligned nation. 8909 Ate, Bassey E. Decolonization and Dependence: The Development of Nigerian-U.S. Relations, 1960-1984. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1987. 282 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Decolonization, Oil industry, Foreign policy, Economic dependency. KEYWORDS: Shagari, Shehu; Carter, Jimmy; Obasanjo, Olusegun; Reagan, Ronald; US-Nigeria relations. Examines the problematic development of the relationship between the US and Nigeria. Argues that Nigeria has been motivated by domestic political security, economic advancement, and a perceived leadership obligation; and the US by a desire for stability and the preservation of colonial structures. 8910 Bach, D. "Dynamique et contradictions dans la politique africaine de la France." Politique africaine 2, no. 5 (February 1982): 47-73. SUBJECTS: International relations, Regional security, Foreign investment, International economic relations. KEYWORDS: EAMA (Etats Africains et Malgache Associés); Biafra, Nigeria; ECOWAS; France-Africa relations. 8911 Bach, D. C. "Nigéria et États-Unis." Politique africaine 1, no. 2 (May 1981): 7-26. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Regional security, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: US-Nigeria relations. 8912 Bach, Daniel C. "Le Nigeria en Afrique de l'Ouest: initiatives diplomatiques et flux d'échanges." Année africaine (1982): 367-379. tables. ALSO COVERS: West Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Regional cooperation, Labor migration, Diplomatic relations. KEYWORDS: ECOWAS; Nigeria-West Africa relations. 8913 Bach, Daniel C. "Nigerian-American relations: Converging interests and power relations." In: Nigerian Foreign Policy: Alternative Perceptions and Projections, edited by Timothy M. Shaw and Olajide Aluko. London: Macmillan, 1983. 35-55 pp. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Oil industry, Foreign investment, Political ideology, Political stability. K E Y W O R D S : US-Nigeria relations; Carter, Jimmy; OAU; ECOWAS. 8914 Bukarambe, Bukar. "Nigeria and Asia: An overview." In: Nigeria's International Economic Relations, edited by U. Joy Ogwu and R. Omotayo Olaniyan. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 1989. 288-308 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic relations, Foreign policy, International relations. KEYWORDS: Asia-Nigeria relations; ASEAN (Association of South-East Asian Nations). Examines the emerging economic and trade relationship between Asia and Nigeria from a bilateral as well as a multilateral perspective. Asserts that the relationship has not resulted in a greater political influence in Nigeria on the part of the Asian countries. 8915 Bukarambe, Bukar. "Nigeria's economic relations with Japan: The direct and indirect." In: Nigeria's Economic Relations with the Major Developed Market-Economy Countries, 1960-1985, edited by R. A. Akindele and Bassey E. Ate. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Insitute of International Affairs, 1988.263-282 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Trade relations, Foreign aid, Foreign investment. K E Y W O R D S : Japan-Nigeria relations; newly industrialized countries. Examines both direct and indirect economic ties between Japan and Nigeria. Suggests that the relationship between the two nations is still evolving and that whereas a framework for economic trade and cooperation exists, its full scope is largely unexplored.

NIGERIA/Foreign R e l a t i o n s • 6 1 5 8916 Caceia, Goffredo. "Nigeria: Oil plot or oil glut." Journal of African Marxists no. 3 (January 1983): 93-108. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Transnational corporations, Apartheid, Oil industry. 8917 Chidebe, Chris. "Nigeria and the Arab States." The American Journal of Islamic Social Science 2, no. 1 (July 1985): 115-123. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Islam. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Civil War 1967-1970; Libya-Nigeria relations; Israel-Nigeria relations; Biafran war. 8918 Chime, Sam. "The Nigerian Ministry of External Affairs as an agent of economic development: Perceptions, objectives and modalities." In: Economic Development and Foreign Policy in Nigeria, edited Gabriel O. Olusanya, Bassey E. Ate, and Adebayo O. Olukoshi. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 1988. 185-193 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Foreign policy, Economic planning, International relations. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Ministry of External Affairs; ECOWAS; OPEC. Asserts that the Nigerian Ministry of External Affairs can improve Nigeria's external economic relations and internal economic development. Suggests ways this ministry can help create an environment more conducive to economic development. 8919 Delancey, Mark W. "Nigeria: Foreign policy alternatives." In: Nigerian Foreign Policy: Alternative Perceptions and Projections, edited by Timothy Shaw and Olajide Aluko. London: Macmillan, 1983. 164-190 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Military government, Oil industry, Centralized authority, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Civil War 1967-1970; Nigerian First Republic 1960-1965; Biafran war. 8920 Eze, Osita C. "Nigeria and the transnational: The linkage dilemma." In: Nigeria's International Economic Relations, edited by U. Joy Ogwu and R. Omotayo Olaniyan. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 1989. 136-159 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Transnational corporations, Economic analysis, Political analysis, Cultural policy, International economic relations. Examines the role of transnational corporations in the Nigerian economy. Focuses on the nature of the economic, political, and cultural linkages created by the transnational corporation. Analyzes Nigerian attempts to regulate transnational corporations. 8921 Fajana, Olufemi. "Nigeria's economic relations with West Germany." In: Nigeria's Economic Relations with the Major Developed Market-Economy Countries, 1960-1985, edited by R. A. Akindele and Bassey E. Ate. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 1988. 211-225 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Trade relations, Foreign investment, Economic cooperation, International economic relations. KEYWORDS: West Germany-Nigeria relations; Volkswagon; ANAMMCO (Anambra Motor Manufacturing Company); capital flow. Outlines basic economic trends between Nigeria and the former West Germany. Includes the size and scope of their trade, their economic cooperation, and the capital flow between them. Suggests that Nigeria is an important outlet for West German capital, though trade between the countries is imbalanced. 8922 Falola, Toyin, and Julius O. Ihonvbere. "Domestic economy and foreign policy." In: Nigeria and the International Capitalist System, edited by Toyin Falola and Julius O. Ihonvbere. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1988. 1-13 pp. SUBJECTS: Political economy studies, Foreign policy, Class analysis, International relations. Assesses the limitations of the orthodox approach to the study of foreign policies in underdeveloped societies. Asserts that a need exists for more radical political economy approaches. Outlines the theoretical framework of the volume.

8923 Falola, Toyin, and Julius O. Ihonvbere, eds. Nigeria and the International Capitalist System. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1988. 154 pp. SUBJECTS: International economic relations, Economic dependency, Oil industry, Foreign investment, Dependency theory, Capitalism. Assesses the various international economic policies that Nigeria has pursued since independence. Criticizes Nigeria's economic dependence on the West. 8924 Forrest, Tom. "Geopolitics in the South Atlantic: Brazil, Nigeria and Africa." In: South-South Relations in a Changing World Order, edited by Jerker Carlsson. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1982. 78-101 pp. ALSO COVERS: Republic of South Africa, Angola. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic policy, Foreign trade, Export market, Geopolitics, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: Brazil-RSA relations; Brazil-Nigeria relations. 8925 Gambari, Ibrahim A. "Nigeria's foreign policy: The search for consensus on major issues." In: Proceedings of the National Conference on Nigeria since Independence, volume one, edited by J. A. Atanda and A. Y. Aliyu. Zaria, Nigeria: Panel on Nigeria since Independence History Project, 1985. 202-249 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Foreign investment. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Federal Military Government; Nigerian Second Republic 1979-1983; OPEC; ECOWAS. 8926 Gambari, Ibrahim A. Theory and Reality in Foreign Policy Making: Nigeria after the Second Republic. Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey: Humanities, 1989. 260 pp. other docs. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Regional security, Government analysis. KEYWORDS: ECOWAS; PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization); OAU; Buhari, Muhammadu; Gambari, Ibrahim A. Examines the tension between theory and practice in Nigerian foreign policy and the formulation and execution of such policy at a difficult time in Nigeria's domestic political and economic development and is authored by Nigeria's former minister of external affairs, 1984-1985. 8927 Gambari, Ibrahim Agboola. "Nigeria and the world: The bureaucratization of foreign policy during the first presidential term of the Second Republic." In: Nigeria: A Republic in Ruins, edited by Siddique Mohammed and Tony Edoh. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University, 1986. 287-306 pp. ALSO COVERS: Cameroon, Chad. SUBJECTS: International relations, Decolonization, Government bureaucracy, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: OPEC; Middle EastNigeria relations; Western Sahara-Nigeria relations; Nigerian Ministry of External Affairs; Nigerian Second Republic 1979-1983. Analyzes the major areas of Nigerian foreign policy. Contends that during the first four years of the presidential system, foreign policy was formalized, thus confining foreign policy advice to the Ministry of External Affairs and related bureaucracies. 8928 Gana, J. A. "The impact of external economic forces on Nigeria's political economy." In: The Nigerian Economy: A Political Economy Approach, edited by the Nigerian Economic Society. London: Longman Group Limited, 1986.142-155 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Dependency theory, Transnational corporations, Manufacturing sector, International economic relations. KEYWORDS: OPEC; New International Economic Order. Discusses dependency theory and its relevance to the Nigerian economic system. Focuses on the impact of multinationals that set-up manufacturing industries in Nigeria. Examines the substantial power of OPEC and states the importance of Nigeria's continued membership in that organization. 8929 Heritage Foundation. A U.S. Policy for Nigeria: Supporting Political and Economic Freedom. Washington, DC: Heritage Foun-

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dation, 1989.15 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, Democracy, Structural adjustment, International relations. KEYWORDS: USNigeria relations. Notes the positive development in Africa and Nigeria, including the structural adjustment program and the commitment to democracy. Recommends increased US support for these moves toward political and economic freedom. 8930 Honorat, A. J. "Multinational oil companies and international economic relations: The Chevron perspective." In: Economic Development and Foreign Policy in Nigeria, edited by Gabriel O. Olusanya, Bassey E. Ate, and Adebayo O. Olukoshi. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 1988. 172-181 pp. SUBJECTS: International economic relations, Oil industry, Transnational corporations. KEYWORDS: OPEC; Chevron Corporation. Assesses the current events surrounding the oil industry's relationship to oil-producing countries, focusing on Chevron's relationship with West Africa. Suggests that a freer market is essential for the continuing development of oil industries in Africa and for the economic development of African countries. 8931 Ihonvbere, Julius O. "Foreign capital and economic integration in the Third World: The Economic Community of West African States revisited." Africa Quarterly 22, no. 3/4 (1983): 5-48. ALSO COVERS: West Africa. SUBJECTS: International economic relations, Foreign capital, Economic integration. KEYWORDS: ECOWAS; CEAO. 8932 Irele, Modupe. Nigeria and Cameroun: An Annotated Bibliography. Lagos, Nigeria: Libriservice, 1984.67 pp. biblio, maps. ALSO COVERS: Cameroon. SUBJECTS: State politics, Foreign policy, International relations, Bibliography. KEYWORDS: CameroonNigeria relations. 8933 Iwayemi, Akin. "Technology transfer and industrialisation in Nigeria." In: Trade and Development in Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), edited by Adeyinka Orimalade and R. E. Ubogu. New Delhi, India: Vikas, 1984. 291-307 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Underdevelopment, Technology transfer, Industrialization, Foreign investment, Appropriate technology, Private investment. KEYWORDS: ECOWAS. 8934 James, Ibrahim. "Lake Chad as an instrument of international cooperation." In: Borderlands in Africa: A Multidisciplinary and Comparative Focus on Nigeria and West Africa, edited by A. I. Asiwaju and P. O. Adeniyi. Lagos, Nigeria: University of Lagos, 1989. 307-315 pp. ALSO COVERS: Cameroon, Chad. SUBJECTS: International relations, Border conflict, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: Lake Chad Basin Commission; Niger-Nigeria relations. Presents a historical analysis of Lake Chad as an example of a coherent natural region split among several adjacent sovereign states. Discusses resultant conflicts and opportunities for cooperation. Points to the shortsightedness of national governments in the performance of the Lake Chad Basin Commission. 8935 Johnson, Segun. Dimensions in Nigeria's Foreign Policy. Lagos, Nigeria: Blada Nigeria, 1990. 120 pp. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, International economic relations, Political economy studies. KEYWORDS: Togo-Nigeria relations; France-Nigeria relations; RS A-Nigeria relations. Analyzes thirty years of Nigerian foreign policy, stating that it is based on its antiapartheid principles. Examines civil wars and foreign economic policy. 8936 Johnson, Segun. "Nigeria and her francophone neighbouring states." In: Alternative Political Futuresfor Nigeria, edited by Stephen O. Olugbemi. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Political Science Association,

1987.506-512 pp. ALSO COVERS: Benin, Togo. SUBJECTS: International relations, Political ideology, Political economy studies, Military aid, Diplomatic relations. KEYWORDS: Niger-Nigeria relations; Cameroon-Nigeria relations; ECOWAS; Francophone Africa; France-Africa relations. Explores the ways in which France has attempted to manipulate former French colonies and the means by which Nigeria could aid those countries. 8937 Mathews, K. "Nigeria and the Middle-East." In: Alternative Political Futures for Nigeria, edited by Stephen O. Olugbemi. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Political Science Association, 1987. 532-544 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: Israel-Nigeria relations; Middle East-Nigeria relations; Organization of Islamic Conference. Traces Nigeria's policy toward Israel from 1958, when the two countries had favorable relations ; through the late 1960s, when Nigeria broke off diplomatic relations with Israel; to the 1980s, when Nigeria considered rebuilding friendly relations with Israel. 8938 Mihaly, Eugene. "Private investment in sub-Saharan Africa: Where are the Americans?" African Studies Association Papers 25, no. 62 (November 1982): 1-14. SUBJECTS: International relations, Government regulation, Corruption, Racism, Standard of living, Private investment, Foreign investment. KEYWORDS: US-Nigeria relations. 8939 Nambudiri, C. N. S., and O. Iyanda. "Multinational corporate strategies: The case of Nigeria." In: Management Problems in Africa, edited by Ukandi G. Damachi and Hans Dieter Seibel. New York: St. Martin's, 1986. 89-100 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Oil industry, Foreign investment, Transnational corporations, Business administration, Public investment. KEYWORDS: OPEC. Addresses Nigeria's increase in foreign currency earnings due to the sharp rise in oil prices and how that build-up of investment capital attracted the attention of transnational corporations. Examines the changes in policy toward transnational corporations and the changes in business strategies on the part of the corporations. 8940 Nambudiri, C. N. S. Third World Multinationals: Technology Choice and Employment Generation in Nigeria. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1983. 41 pp. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Technology, Labor market, Labor force, Transnational corporations, Infrastructure, Manufacturing sector. 8941 Nweke, G. 'Transformation of Nigeria's foreign policy since independence." In: Proceedings of the National Conference on Nigeria since Independence, volume one, edited by J. A. Atanda and A. Y. Aliyu. Zaria, Nigeria: Panel on Nigeria since Independence History Project, 1985. 211-249 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Military government, Oil industry, Neocolonialism, Foreign policy, Civilian government. KEYWORDS: OAU; Afrocentric foreign policy. 8942 Nweke, G. Aforka. "From old to new world economic order: The Nigerian initiative of 1961." In: The Future of Africa and the New International Economic Order, edited by Ralph I. Onwuku and Olajide Aluku. London: Macmillan, 1986. 272-295 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic integration, International economic relations. KEYWORDS: Group of 77; Bhagwati, Jagish N.; OAU; Bauer-Yamey thesis; New International Economic Order. Examines the new international economic order and the vital role played by Nigeria in the movement toward its establishment. 8943 Nweke, G. Aforka. "Theoretical perspectives on Nigeria's foreign policy." In: Economic Development and Foreign Policy in Nigeria, edited by Gabriel O. Olusanya, Bassay E. Ate, and Adebayo O. Olukoshi. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of International Af-

NIGERIA/Foreign Relations • 6 1 7 fairs, 1988. 40-53 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Models. KEYWORDS: behavioral theory; realist theory; strategic and defensive theory; Utopian theory. Assesses the theoretical implications of Nigerian foreign policy. Introduces theories of foreign policy in Nigeria: the behavioral theory, the decision-making model, the strategic and defense theory, the Utopian theory, and the realist theory. 8944 Nwoke, Chibuzo N. "Mining, underdevelopment and Nigerian foreign policy." In: Nigeria's International Economic Relations, edited by U. Joy Ogwu and R. Omotayo Olaniyan. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 1989. 50-72 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Mining, Underdevelopment, Foreign policy, Natural resource management, International economic relations. KEYWORDS: monocrop economy. Analyzes the relationship between Nigerian foreign policy, mining, and underdevelopment. Asserts that underdevelopment in Nigeria is related to its preoccupation with, and stagnation at, primary resource production for export as the major economic activity. 8945 Nwokedi, Emeka. "Sub-regional security and Nigerian foreign policy." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 84, no. 335 (April 1985): 195-209. ALSO COVERS: Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic policy, Economic integration, Regional security, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: CEAO; bilateral treaty; France-Africa relations; ECOWAS. 8946 Nwosu, N. Nnadozie. "The concept of 'middle power' and Nigeria's global relations." In: Alternative Political Futures for Nigeria, edited by Stephen O. Olugbemi. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Political Science Association, 1987. 545-555 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Geopolitics. KEYWORDS: middle power. Classifies Nigeria as a world power, stating that it is large enough to have considerable influence on regional affairs in West Africa. Proposes that Nigeria recognize its potential as a powerful nation and use that power to promote favorable policies throughout Africa. 8947 Nyang'oro, Julius E. "The politics of international debt: The case of Africa." Africa Quarterly 26, no. 1 (1986/1987): 16-41. tables. ALSO COVERS: Tanzania, Mozambique. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic interdependence, Foreign aid policy, Debt financing. KEYWORDS: IMF; World Bank. Argues that state ideology has proved insignificant as an independent variable in African economic performance and discusses the similar internal and external constraints on Nigeria, Tanzania, and Mozambique. Studies the externalities that affect the debt-service capacities of less-developed countries. 8948 Obadan, Michael I. "Direct foreign investment in Nigeria: An empirical analysis." The African Studies Review 25, no. 1 (March 1982): 67-81. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign investment, Foreign trade, International market, Raw materials. 8949 Ogbuagu, Chibuzo S. A. "Nigerian indigenization policy: Nationalism or pragmatism." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 82, no. 327 (April 1983): 241-266. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Indigenization, International politics, Nationalism, Political parties, Transnational corporations. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Enterprise Promotion Decrees; Indigenization Decree 1972. 8950 Ogunbadejo, Oye. "Nigerian-Soviet relations 1960-87." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 87, no. 346 (January 1988): 83-104. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Nonaligned nation, Foreign policy, Economic policy. KEYWORDS: anticommunism; USSR-Nigeria relations; iron; steel. Assesses USSR-Nigeria relations since independence, analyzing the changing Nigerian administrations. Indicates which administra-

tions have had a greater influence on the USSR. 8951 Ogunsanwo, Alaba. "Nigeria's foreign policy under Mohamed and Obasanjo: An examination." The African Review 9, no. 1 (1982): 1-15. SUBJECTS: International relations, Self-sufficient economy, Civil service, Foreign policy, Territorial sovereignty. KEYWORDS: UK-Nigeria relations; OAU; Nigeria Trust Fund of the African Development Bank; Obasanjo, Olusegun. 8952 Ogunsanwo, Alaba. Our Friends Their Friends: Nigeria's External Relations 1960-1985. Yaba, Nigeria: Alfa Communications, 1985. 145 pp. tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Foreign aid, Foreign trade. KEYWORDS: US-Nigeria relations; UK-Nigeria relations; USSR-Nigeria relations. 8953 Ogwu, U. J. "Nigeria and Latin America in the emerging south-south interaction: A new mode of relations." In: Nigeria's International Economic Relations, edited by U. Joy Ogwu and R. Omotayo Olaniyan. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 1989. 264-287 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Trade relations, Economic relations, Foreign policy, International economic relations. KEYWORDS: Latin-America-Nigeria relations; Brazil-Nigeria relations. Investigates the limits of interdependence within the context of South-South relations. Examines the economic and trade relationship existing between Brazil and Nigeria. 8954 Ogwu, U. Joy. "Nigeria and Brazil: A model for the emerging south-south relations." In: South-South Relations in a Changing World Order, edited by Jerker Carlsson. Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1982. 102-127 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Geopolitics. KEYWORDS: Brazil-Nigeria relations. 8955 Ogwu, U. Joy, and R. Omotayo Olaniyan, eds. Nigeria's International Economic Relations. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 1989. 309 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic analysis, Foreign trade, Economic development, Regionalism, Transnational corporations, Mining. KEYWORDS: IMF; OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development); OPEC; economic reconstruction. Explores various perspectives on the Nigerian economy, including the role of banks, mining, and foreign policy. Examines the impact of transnational corporations and the IMF on the Nigerian economy. Touches on cooperative arrangements between Nigeria and Latin America and between Nigeria and Asia. Suggests various options for Nigeria's economic recovery. 8956 Ogwu, U. Joy. Nigerian Foreign Policy: Alternative Futures. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 1986. 206 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: West Africa, Southern Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Military government, Regional development, Technology transfer. KEYWORDS: OAU; ECOWAS; OPEC; UN. Examines several alternative directions open to Nigeria in the realm of foreign policy, the alternatives' possibilities, the moral dimensions behind the policies, and the impact the policies could have on Nigeria's position in Africa and the world. 8957 Ohaegbulam, Festus Ugboaja. Nigeria and the UN Mission to the Democratic Republic of the Congo: A Case Study of the Formative Stages of Nigeria's Foreign Policy. Tampa, Florida: University Presses of Florida, 1982. 190 pp. tables, maps. ALSO COVERS: Zaire. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Civil war. KEYWORDS: Zaire-Nigeria relations; UN. 8958 Ohiorhenuan, John. "Multinational corporations in the Nigerian political economy." The Nigerian Journal of Economics and

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Social Studies 25, no. 2 (July 1983): 155-168. biblio, tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Class analysis, Foreign trade, Foreign investment, Transnational corporations. 8959 Ojo, Adeleye. "Nigeria's role in OPEC." African Studies Association Papers 25, no. 76 (November 1982): 1-20. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Oil industry, Trade policy, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: antiapartheid movement; OPEC. 8960 Ojo, Olatunde J. B. "Nigeria." In: The Political Economy of African Foreign Policy: Comparative Analysis, edited by Timothy M. Shaw and Olajide Aluko. Aldershot, UK: Gower, 1984. 190-220 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Economic d e v e l o p m e n t , Military government. K E Y W O R D S : Balewa, Abubakar Tafawa; ECOWAS. 8961 Ojo, Olatunde J. B. "Nigeria: Foreign policy and national development and integration." In: Proceedings of the National Conference on Nigeria since Independence, volume one, edited by J. A. Atanda and A. Y. Aliyu. Zaria, Nigeria: Panel on Nigeria since Independence History Project, 1985. 250-273 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Development planning, Nation-building, Foreign policy, Colonialism, National integration, Political parties. KEYWORDS: ECOWAS. 8962 Ojo, Olatunde J. B. "The Soviet Union and Nigeria: The quest for influence 1967-1983." Afrika Spectrum 20, no. 2 (1985): 167-189. tables. SUBJECTS: Superpower politics, Foreign policy, Military aid, Foreign trade, Diplomatic relations. KEYWORDS: USSR-Nigeria relations. 8963 Ojo, Olusola. "Nigeria and Israel." The Jerusalem Journal of International Relations 8, no. 1 (1986): 76-101. biblio. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic relations, Diplomatic relations. KEYWORDS: Biafra, Nigeria; Israel-Nigeria relations. Discusses the ways in which Israel-Nigeria relations have been affected by events in Nigeria, the Middle East, and Southern Africa. States that Nigeria's restoration of formal ties with Israel will depend more on power realities within the country than on Israel's relations with Arab countries and the RSA. 8964 Ojo, Olusola. ' T h e military and Nigeria's foreign policy." In: The Impact of Military Rule on Nigeria's Administration, edited by A. O. Sanda, Olusola Ojo, and Victor Ayeni. Ile-Ife, Nigeria: University of Ife Press, 1987. 286-298 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Military government, Foreign policy, Oil industry. KEYWORDS: OAU; ECOWAS. Discusses the ways in which the military changed the rhetoric of Nigerian foreign policy in the 1970s. States that the changes have been more in style and emphasis than representing a specific radical departure from the policies of Nigeria's First Republic. 8965 Ojo, Sola. "The administration of Nigeria's foreign service, 1960-80." In: Nigerian Foreign Policy: Alternative Perceptions and Projections, edited by Timothy Shaw and Olajide Aluko. London: Macmillan, 1983. 56-76 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Diplomatic relations. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Ministry of External Affairs; Nigerian Federal Civil Service Commission. 8966 Okolo, Julius E. "Ideology and pragmatism in Nigerian foreign policy." In: Return to Civilian Rule, edited by Abubakar Yaya Aliyu. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University, 1982. 337-345 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Liberation movement, Political instability, Nonaligned nation, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: OAU; Southern Africa-Nigeria relations; Angola-Nigeria relations; New International Economic Order. 8967 Okolo, Julius Emeka. "Assessing the principles of Nigerian

foreign policy." In: Alternative Political Futures for Nigeria, edited by Stephen O. Olugbemi. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Political Science Association, 1987. 483-505 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Nonaligned nation, Regional development, Public administration. KEYWORDS: OAU; ECOWAS. Examines and evaluates the direction of Nigerian foreign policy from independence to the mid-1980s. Contends that Nigeria's relationship to ECOWAS dominates its foreign policy and that Nigeria strives to be a leader in African affairs and a model for other African governments. 8968 Olaniyan, R. Omotayo. "Foreign aid, technical co-operation and foreign policy in Nigeria." In: Economic Development and Foreign Policy in Nigeria, edited by Gabriel O. Olusanya, Bassay E. Ate, and Adebayo O. Olukoshi. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 1988. 97-124 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Foreign aid, Technical assistance, Agricult u r a l d e v e l o p m e n t , F o r e i g n i n v e s t m e n t , Debt f i n a n c i n g . KEYWORDS: World Bank; EEC; IMF. Assesses the role and impact of foreign aid in Nigeria, as well as the practical problems that foreign aid and technical assistance evoke. Suggests that Nigeria needs to reassess its foreign aid and technical assistance programs by way of development of a new Ministry of Technical Assistance. 8969 Olaniyan, R. Omotayo. "Nigeria and Great Britain: A survey of post-independence economic relations." In: Nigeria's Economic Relations with the Major Developed Market-Economy Countries, 1960-1985, edited by R. A. Akindele and Bassay E. Ate. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 1988.164-190 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Oil industry, International economic relations, Self-sufficient economy, Foreign investment, Foreign aid. KEYWORDS: UK-Nigeria relations; Nigerian national development plans. Examines the economic relations between Nigeria and the UK following independence. Assesses trade, UK private investment in Nigeria, and development aid, suggesting that the policy has not changed significantly for the past twenty-five years. 8970 Olukoshi, G. O. "Economic development and foreign policy in Nigeria: An introduction to the issues." In: Economic Development and Foreign Policy in Nigeria, edited by Gabriel O. Olusanya, Bassay E. Ate, and Adebayo O. Olukoshi. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 1988. 3-17 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic development, Economic dependency, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: New International Economic Order; OPEC; UK-Nigeria relations. Introduces the major issues surrounding the use of foreign policy to better a country's economic development. Suggests that Nigeria's domestic environment has shaped its foreign policy and that Nigeria sought to achieve certain economic goals through the application of foreign policy. 8971 Olusanya, G. O., and R. A. Akindele. Nigeria's External Relations: The First Twenty-five Years. Ibadan, Nigeria: University Press, 1986. 577 pp. biblio, tables, other docs. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Policy analysis, International economic relations, Diplomatic relations, Military policy, Nonaligned nation. KEYWORDS: OAU; EEC; OPEC; ECOWAS. Analyzes Nigeria's policy objectives and surveys its relations with the UN, OAU, EEC, OPEC, ECOWAS, nonaligned movement, and others. 8972 Olusanya, Gabriel O., Bassey E. Ate, and Adebayo O. Olukoshi, eds. Economic Development and Foreign Policy in Nigeria. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 1988. 271 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Foreign policy, Economic planning, Foreign aid, Foreign investment, Structural ad-

NIGERIA/Foreign Relations

justment, Oil industry. Assesses various aspects of foreign policy in Nigeria specifically with regard to the oil industry, structural adjustment, and Nigeria's relationship to the West. Discusses the relationship between Nigeria's institutional agents and foreign policy. 8973 Omole, Tale. "Nigeria and the world." In: Modern Nigeria: A Tribute to G. O. Olusanya, edited by Toyin Falola. Lagos, Nigeria: Modelor, 1990. 234-247 pp. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, International relations. Examines the pattern and form of Nigeria's relations with the US and the USSR. Explores Nigeria's relations with the UK and France and then with Eastern Europe, including Poland and Hungary. Notes that even though Nigerian foreign policy is primarily Afrocentric, other relationships have been encouraged. 8974 Onimode, B a d e . Imperialism and Underdevelopment in Nigeria: The Dialectics of Mass Poverty. London: Zed, 1982. 258 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Imperialism, Underdevelopment, Capitalism, Neocolonialism, Poverty, Transnational corporations. 8975 Onoh, J. K. The Nigerian Oil Economy: From Prosperity to Glut. New York: St. Martin's, 1983.152 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Transnational corporations, Oil industry, Foreign investment. K E Y W O R D S : NNPC (Nigerian National Petroleum Company). 8976 Onwumere, Chidi. "Nigeria's misconceived views of the United Nations system." Nigerian Journal of Political Science 5, no. 1/2 (1987): 73-88. SUBJECTS: Foreign policy, International relations, Economic development. KEYWORDS: UN; ECOSOC (UN Economic and Social Council); UN Charter; UN-Nigeria relations. Analyzes the nature and pattern of Nigerian policy toward and relationship with the UN. Examines the factors that have shaped and conditioned Nigerian participation, as well as the policy problems underlying Nigerian intercourse with the UN. 8977 Onwumere, Chidi. "Nigerian policy towards the United Nations Security Council: The search for great power status." In: Alternative Political Futures for Nigeria, edited by Stephen O. Olugbemi. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Political Science Association, 1987.556-565 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations. KEYWORDS: UN Security Council. Discusses Nigeria's position on the UN Security Council, proposing its expansion as well as the inclusion of increased African representation. 8978 Orobator, S. E. ' T h e Nigerian civil war and the invasion of Czechoslovakia." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 82, no. 327 (April 1983): 201-214. SUBJECTS: International relations, Military aid, Foreign policy, Superpower politics. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Civil War 1967-1970.

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politics, Islamic society. KEYWORDS: Arab-Israeli relations; OPEC; NPC (Northern People's Congress); Nigerian Federal Military Government 1966-1979; Israel-Nigeria relations. 8981 Sesay, Amadu. "The global economic squeeze and the challenges to the administration of international organization: The African experience." In: Issues in the Administration of Nigeria's Public Sector, edited by A. O. Sanda and Olusola Ojo. Ile-Ife, Nigeria: University of Ife Press, 1986.1-34 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: West Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations. KEYWORDS: OAU; UNESCO; ECOWAS; IMF. Questions the role that international organizations play in the development of African economies. Focuses on ECOWAS and assesses the future of international organizations in Africa. 8982 Shaw, Timothy M. "Nigeria in the international system." In: The Political Economy of Nigeria, edited by I. William Zartman. New York: Praeger, 1983.207-236 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Economic dependency, Pan Africanism, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: world systems analysis. 8983 Shaw, Timothy M., and Orobola Fasehun. "Nigeria in the world system: Alternative approaches, explanations and projections." In: Nigerian Foreign Policy: Alternative Perceptions and Projections, edited by Timothy Shaw and Olajide Aluko. London: Macmillan, 1983.205-235 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Development planning. 8984 Shaw, Timothy M., and Olajide Aluko, eds. Nigerian Foreign Policy: Alternative Perceptions and Projections. London: Macmillan, 1983. 257 pp. biblio, tables, maps. SUBJECTS: International relations, Development planning, Government bureaucracy, Economic nationalism, Indigenization, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: USNigeria relations. 8985 Soremekun, Kayode. ' T h e international politics of oil and Nigeria's foreign policy." In: Economic Development and Foreign Policy in Nigeria, edited by Gabriel O. Olusanya, Bassay E. Ate, and Adebayo O. Olukoshi. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 1988. 160-171 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Natural resource management, Oil industry, Nationalization, Transnational corporations, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: OPEC; Shell Oil Company; BP (British Petroleum). Assesses Nigeria's foreign policy with regard to the oil industry. Asserts that Nigeria's relationship to the oil industry shows that, whereas Nigeria has some power via regulation and nationalization, its options are limited. 8986 Sotumbi, Abiodun Olufemi. Nigeria's Recognition of the MPLA Government of Angola: A Case-Study in Decision-Making and Implementation. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 1981. 39 pp. biblio, tables. ALSO COVERS: Angola. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy. KEYWORDS: Angola-Nigeria relations; MPLA.

8979 Otayek, René. "L'Intervention du Nigéria dans le conflit tchadien: heurs et malheurs 'd'un nouveau centre de pouvoir.'" Le Mois en Afrique: études politiques, économiques et sociologiques africaines 209/210 (1983): 51-66. ALSO COVERS: Chad, Libya. SUBJECTS: International relations, Civil war, Diplomatic relations, Intervention policy, International cooperation. KEYWORDS: GUNT (Gouvernement d'Union Nationale Transitionnelle); FAM (Forces Armées du Nord); Mouvement Populaire pour la Libération du Tchad; Nigeria-Chad relations; Chad conflict.

8987 Spiliotes, Nicholas J. "Nigerian foreign policy and Southern Africa: A choice for the West." In: Perspectives on the Second Republic in Nigeria, edited by C. S. Whitaker, Jr. Waltham, Massachusetts: Crossroads, 1981. 41-45 pp. tables. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa, Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Foreign investment, Intervention policy. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Federal Military Government; US-Nigeria relations; RSA-Nigeria relations; US-Southern Africa relations.

8980 Otayek, René. "L'Islam dans la politique extérieure du Nigeria: essai de mise en perspective historique." Année africaine (1982): 332-366. tables. SUBJECTS: International relations, Ethnie politics, Political analysis, Political opposition, Foreign policy, Religious

8988 Spiliotes, Nicholas J. "Nigerian foreign policy and Southern Africa: A choice for the West." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 11, no. 1/2 (Spring/Summer 1981): 41-45. tables. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa, Republic of South Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations,

620 • NI GERI A/Foreign Relations Foreign policy, Foreign investment, Intervention policy. KEYWORDS: RSA-Nigeriarelations;US-Nigeriarelations; Nigerian Federal Military Government; US-Southern Africa relations. 8989 Stremlau, John S. "Fundamentals of Nigerian foreign policy." In: Perspectives on the Second Republic in Nigeria, edited by C. S. Whitaker, Jr. Waltham, Massachusetts: Crossroads, 1981. 46-50 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Economic development, Self-determination, National integration. KEYWORDS: US-Nigeria relations. 8990 Stremlau, John S. "Fundamentals of Nigerian foreign policy." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 11, no. 1/2 (Spring/Summer 1981): 46-50. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Economic development, National integration, Self-determination. 8991 Tyoden, Sonni Gwanle. Nigeria: Political Economy and Foreign Policy 1960-1983. Jos, Nigeria: Jos University Press, 1989. 125 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Political economy studies, Foreign policy, Class analysis, Development policy, International relations, Military government, Capitalism. KEYWORDS: NCNC (National Convention of Nigerian Citizens); OAU. Assesses the dominant international relations theories in terms of their utility in an explanation about the foreign policy of Nigeria. Asserts that those theories are defective because of their Eurocentric orientation and focus. Discusses the ideological and organizational features of social classes in Nigeria, the interaction between the classes, and the consequences of these for class politics in Nigeria. Examines Nigerian foreign policy as well as the domestic environment within which that foreign policy is followed. 8992 Tyoden, Sonni-Gwanle. "Nigeria's foreign policy: A critical appraisal." In: Nigeria: A Republic in Ruins, edited by Abubakar Siddique Mohammed and Tony Edoh. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University, 1986. 304-321 pp. ALSO COVERS: Southern Africa, Chad. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign policy, Political analysis. KEYWORDS: US-Nigeria relations; Nigerian Constitution 1979; OAU Summit 1982; international alliance theory. Assesses Nigeria's foreign policy relations inside and outside Africa. Purports that Nigeria's close relations to the West and the US undermine liberation as a foreign policy goal as put forth in the 1979 Nigerian Constitution. SEE ALSO 1056, 1078, 1103, 1147, 1155, 1240, 1295, 1320, 1336, 1426, 3987, 8124,15044,15046.

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8993 Abdullahi, Yahaya A., and M. R. Raza. "Local solutions to national problems: A missing link in Nigeria's green revolution strategy." In: The Green Revolution in Nigeria, edited by George O. I. Abulu, Yahaya Abdullahi, and Ayesha M. Imam. Zaria, Nigeria: Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, 1984. 300-311 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Self-sufficient economy, Economic development, Integrated rural development. KEYWORDS: NAFPP (National Accelerated Food Production Program). 8994 Abdulmaliki Orire, Alhaji. "Marriage in Shari'ah." In: The Marriage Laws of Nigeria, edited by T. Akinola and Isabella Adi. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute for Advanced Legal Studies, 1981. 84-91 pp. SUBJECTS: Legal system, Marriage, Islam. KEYWORDS: Sharia law. 8995 Abiodun, Josephine Olu. "Introduction." In: Urban and

Regional Planning Problems in Nigeria, edited by J. O. Abiodun. Ile-Ife, Nigeria: University of Ife Press, 1985. 1-4 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Urbanization, Rural-urban migration, Regional planning policy. 8996 Abiodun, Josephine Olu. 'The provision of housing and urban environmental problems in Nigeria." In: Urban and Regional Planning Problems in Nigeria, edited by J. O. Abiodun. Ile-Ife, Nigeria: University of Ife Press, 1985. 174-191 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Housing policy, Urban planning policy, Environmental analysis. 8997 Abubakar, Halidu I. 'The management and control of local government finances: An assessment of the role of local government estimates and the financial memoranda." In: Leading Issues in Territorial Decentralisation in Nigeria and France, edited by E. A. O. Oyeyipo, P. J. Buisson, J. O. Egwurube, A. Odoh, and J. P. Daloz. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello Univ. Press, 1989. 136-140 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Local government, Management, Finance. KEYWORDS: government estimates. Highlights and determines the efficacy of two key tools of policy that have governed local government financial decisionmaking in Nigeria, namely the financial memoranda and the local government annual budgetary estimates. Focuses on how these two policy instruments have influenced expenditure decisions of local governments. 8998 Abubakir Mahmud, Alhaji. "Marriage contract, dissolution of marriage, Idda-waiting period, maintenance and custody of children under the Sharia." In: The Marriage Laws of Nigeria, edited by T. Akinola Aguda and Isabella Adi. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute for Advanced Legal Studies, 1981. 92-127 pp. SUBJECTS: Law, Marriage, Islam. KEYWORDS: Idda-waiting period; Sharia law. 8999 Abudu, Folorunso. "Planning priorities and health care delivery in Nigeria." In: Health and Development in Africa, edited by Peter Oberender, Hans Jochen Diesfeld, and Wolfgang Gitter. Frankfurt, West Germany: Peter Lang, 1983. 324-342 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: National planning policy, Public health, Government expenditure. 9000 Adalemo, Issac Ayinde. Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case ofWesternNigeria. Ann Arbor, Michigan: Department of Geography, University of Michigan Press, 1981. 191 pp. tables, maps. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Rural development, Infrastructure. KEYWORDS: Western Nigeria. 9001 Adams, William M. "Non-participation and the planning process in Nigerian rural development." In: Les politiques de l'eau en Afrique: développement agricole et participation paysanne, edited by Gérard Conac, Claudette Savonnet-Guyot, and Françoise Conac. Paris: Économica, 1985. 529-535 pp. biblio. SUBJECTS: Rural development, Development planning. KEYWORDS: development participation. 9002 Adana, Bolaji S. "Local government and the problem of juvenile delinquency in Nigeria." In: Local Government and Education in Nigeria, edited by Segun Adesina. Lagos, Nigeria: Joja, 1987. 222-241 pp. SUBJECTS: Local government, Youth issues, Crime, Social welfare system. Assesses the evolution of social reforms and welfare at the local level in Nigeria. Explores the causes of juvenile delinquency and identifies strategies for addressing such social problems. 9003 Adebekun, O. "International and interstate boundaries in Nigeria: Demarcation and survey." In: Borderlands in Africa: A Multidisciplinary and Comparative Focus on Nigeria and West Africa, edited by A. I. Asiwaju and P. O. Adeniyi. Lagos, Nigeria: University of Lagos Press, 1989. 205-212 pp. ALSO COVERS: West Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Border conflict, Political

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history. KEYWORDS: Niger-Nigeria relations; Cameroon-Nigeria relations; Chad-Nigeria relations. Provides historical data on boundaries, and focuses on modem boundary demarcation problems. 9004 Adeniyi, E. O. "Regional planning in Nigeria." In: A Geography of Nigerian Development, edited by J. S. Oguntoyinbo, O. O. Areola, and M. Filani. Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann Educational Books Nigeria, 1983. 437-446 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Industrial sector, Urban planning policy, Resource distribution, Economic planning, Federal government. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Second National Development Plan 1970-1974. 9005 Adeniyi, Eniola Oloruntobi. "Administrative framework for physical planning in Nigeria." In: Urbanization Process and Problems in Nigeria, edited by P. O. Sada and J. S. Oguntoyinbo. Ibadan, Nigeria: Ibadan University Press, 1981. 31-44 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Commercial sector, Industrial sector, Urban planning policy. 9006 Adepoju, Aderanti. "Development programmes and population redistribution in Nigeria." In: Population and Development Projects in Africa, edited by John I. Clarke, Mustafa Khogali, and Leszek A. Kosinski. London: Cambridge University Press, 1985. 194-205 pp. SUBJECTS: Population distribution, Rural development, Resettlement, Urban development. KEYWORDS: ECA; Nigerian Ministry of Economic Development and Reconstruction; Nigerian Third National Development Plan 1975-1980. 9007 Adepoju, Aderanti. "Military rule and population issues in Nigeria." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 80, no. 318 (January 1981): 29-47. tables. SUBJECTS: Military government, Population policy, Development policy. KEYWORDS: Nigerian census 1973; Nigerian national development plans. 9008 Adigun, O. "Nationality and citizenship: The legal problematic of transborder ethnic communities in Nigeria." In: Borderlands in Africa: A Multidisciplinary and Comparative Focus on Nigeria and West Africa, edited by A. I. Asiwaju and P. O. Adeniyi. Lagos, Nigeria: University of Lagos Press, 1989.271-278pp. SUBJECTS: Citizenship status, Ethnicity, Law. Discusses the problem of citizenship and nationality when the definition in the Nigerian constitution confronts such indigenous Nigerian communities with members on the other side of national boundaries. 9009 Afigbo, A. E. "Federal character: Its meaning and history." In: Federal Character and Federalism in Nigeria, edited by Peter P. Ekeh and Eghosa E. Osaghae. Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann Nigeria, 1989. 3-18 pp. SUBJECTS: Federalism, Political history, Ethnicity. KEYWORDS: Nigerian Constitution 1979. Provides the historical and analytical background to federal character. Examines its introduction by the 1979 Constitution Drafting Committee, and the periods of informal and formal federation preceding that constitution. 9010 Afonja, Simi, and Tola Olu Pearce. "Introduction." In: Social Change in Nigeria, edited by Simi Afonja and Rola Olu Pearce. Essex, UK: Longman Group, 1984. 1-13 pp. SUBJECTS: Political independence, Social change, Colonialism. 9011 Afonja, Simi, and Tola Olu Pearce, eds. Social Change in Nigeria. Harlow, Essex, UK: Longman Group, 1984. 261 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Modernization theory, Social change. 9012 Agbonifo, P. O. "Corruption: The number one enemy of Nigerian agriculture and rural development." In: Nigeria: Corruption in Development, edited by Femi Odekunle. Ibadan, Nigeria: Ibadan

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University Press, 1983. 176-181 pp. ALSO COVERS: Africa. SUBJECTS: Agricultural sector, Corruption, Rural development. 9013 Agbosu, L. K. 'The Land Use Act and the state of Nigerian land law." Journal of African Law 32, no. 1 (Spring 1988): 1-43. SUBJECTS: Land use policy, Land tenure system, Traditional legal system. KEYWORDS: Land Use Act 1978; allodial land ownership. Discusses the impact of the Land Use Act of 1978. Claims the act abolished allodial land ownership rights of individuals while leaving untouched the institution of private property as capital. 9014 Agunbiade, A. O. "Population growth and housing." In: Population and Development in Nigeria, edited by I. O. Orubuloye and O. Y. Oyeneye. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1983. 70-88 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Housing policy, Population growth. 9015 Ahiauzu, A. I. "Cultural influences on rule-making methods: A note for effective management of industrial relations in local governments." In: Collective Bargaining in the Public Sector in Nigeria, edited by Tayo Fashoyin. Lagos, Nigeria: Macmillan Nigeria, 1987.57-78 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Management, Industrial relations, Local government, Cultural identity. KEYWORDS: Hausa people; Igbo people; cultural regulations; rule making. Explores the basis of rule making in the Igbo and Hausa communities of Nigeria. Looks at the cultural and social influences on rule making in the workplace of both communities. 9016 Ahonsi, Babatunde A. "Deliberate falsification and census data in Nigeria." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 87, no. 349 (October 1988): 553-562. tables. SUBJECTS: Population distribution, Ethnic conflict. KEYWORDS: NPC (Northern People's Congress); Nigerian Fertility Survey 1981-1982; data management; census. States that census gathering in Nigeria has become a politically volatile subject because of ethnic divisions between the north, southwest, and southeast. Argues that the Nigerian censuses unwillingly distort reality because of distrust of census takers, illiteracy, and peasant fears of being taxed if they are counted. 9017 Ahukanna, J. G. W. "Bilingualism and code-mixing in language use in Nigeria: The case of Igbo-English bilinguals." In: Multilingualism, Minority Languages and Language Policy in Nigeria, edited by E. Nolue Emenanjo. Bendel State, Nigeria: Central Books, 1990. 175-185 pp. tables. SUBJECTS: Language policy, Research methodology. KEYWORDS: bilingualism; Igbo-English bilinguals; code-mixing. Examines the phenomenon of code-mixing among the IgboEnglish bilinguals. Focuses upon the extent of code-mixing as well as its causes. 9018 Aiyepeku, W. Olabode. "The perceived responsibilities of NISER in the dissemination of development information." The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies 24, no. 1 (March 1982): 23-36. tables. SUBJECTS: Research and development, Development theory. KEYWORDS: NISER (Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research). 9019 Ake, Claude. "Indigenization: Problems of transformation in a neo-colonial economy." In: The Political Economy of Nigeria, edited by Claude Ake. London: Longman Group, 1985. 173-200 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Self-sufficient economy, Foreign investment, Neocolonialism, Indigenization. 9020 Akindele, R. A., and M. A. Vogt. Smuggling and Coastal Piracy in Nigeria. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 1983. 93 pp. SUBJECTS: International relations, Foreign exchange, Informal sector. KEYWORDS: piracy.

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9021 Akintola-Bello, Olaseni, and Abimbola Adedeji. "Accounting information: An investigation of private shareholders' understanding and usage." The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies 26, no. 1 (March 1984): 111-133. tables. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Behavioral analysis. KEYWORDS: stock market. 9022 Aloba, Olu. "Rural transportation planning in Nigeria: Some implications for regional development." In: Urban and Regional Planning Problems in Nigeria, edited by J. 0 . Abiodun. Ile-Ife, Nigeria: University of Ife Press, 1985. 137-145 pp. SUBJECTS: Economic development, Transportation system, Regional development, Rural development. 9023 Aluko, Olajide. "The expulsion of illegal aliens from Nigeria: A study in Nigeria's decision-making." African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society 84, no. 337 (October 1985): 539-560. ALSO COVERS: Ghana, Africa. SUBJECTS: International relations, Government analysis, Migration pattern. KEYWORDS: Shagari, Shehu; Rawlings, Jerry J.; ECOWAS Protocol of Free Movement of Persons 1979; ECOWAS; Alien Expulsion Order 1983. 9024 Amayo, Airen. "The search for national integration and national indentity in Nigeria since independence: The linguistic aspect." In: Proceedings of the National Conference on Nigeria since Independence, volume 2, edited by M. O. Kayode and Y. B. Usman. Zaria, Nigeria: Panel on Nigeria since Independence History Project, 198