Communist Party of Việt Nam. The 10th National Congress (Selected documents)

Table of contents :
Front Cover
• Publisher's Note
• Political report of the Communist Party
• Resolution by the 10th National Congress
- Biography of HE Mr Nông Đức Mạnh,

Citation preview

OMMUNIST PARTY OF VIỆT NAM DS

559 .912 D36 2006 MAIN

th NATIONAL CONGRESS (Selected documents)

GIOI PUBLISHERS 29 29

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36

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COMMUNIST PARTY OF VIỆT NAM

THE 10th NATIONAL CONGRESS

(Selected documents )

Bap

es THẾ GIỚI 6

THẾ GIỚI PUBLISHERS C &

C

CRK

CUGE

THE 10th NATIONAL CONGRESS (Selected documents)

COMMUNIST PARTY OF VIỆT NAM

THE 10th NATIONAL CONGRESS (Selected documents)

THẾ GIỚI PUBLISHERS Hà Nội – 2006

© Thế Giới Publishers 2006

English translation First edition 2006 Printed in Việt Nam VN - TG - 971 - 1

DS

559 1912 D36 2006

CONTENTS

MAIN

• Publisher's Note ....

.1

• Opening speech by HE Mr. Trần Đức Lương, member of the Politburo of the 9th Party Central Committee

..3

• Political report of the Communist Party of Việt Nam's 9th Central Committee

to the 10th National Party Congress

...9

• Resolution by the 10th National Congress of the Communist Party of Việt Nam

....85

• Closing speech by HE Secretary-General Nông Đức Mạnh . • The Party's Leadership Biography of HE Mr.Nông Đức Mạnh , Secretary-General of the Communist Party of Việt Nam .. · The Politburo, Secretariat and Central Control Committee ..

.87

..93

..95

..98

PUBLISHER'S NOTE

The 10th Congress of the Communist Party of Việt Nam took place in Hà Nội from 18 to 25 April 2006. It was a political event of extreme significance to the course of national building of regionalization

and

globalization. The Congress discussed approved the following documents:

against the

context

and

1. The Political Report of the 9th Party Central Committee

2. The Report on Orientations and Tasks for Socio-economic Development for the Five year Period 2006-2010 3. The Report on Party Building 4. The Report on the amendments and supplements to the Party Statute

5. The Report on the Implementation of the 6th Resolution (2nd Session) of the 8th Party Central Committee during the tenure of the 9th Party Central Committee; and 6. The Report on the direction of the 9th Party Central Committee. On 25th April the Congress elected a new Party Central Committee composed of 160 full members and 21 alternative ones. The same day

the 1st Plenum of the new Party Central Committee elected a 14-member Politburo , an 8-member Secretariat and Mr.Nông Đức Mạnh as Party General Secretary for the 10th tenure (2006-2010) .

In this book, Thế Giới Publishers presents a selection of the main documents of the Congress for readers to apprehend the distance to be covered by Việt Nam in the immediate future. Hà Nội , June 2006 Thế Giới Publishers

ACT

2

OPENING SPEECH BY HE

MR.TRẦN ĐỨC LƯƠNG , MEMBER OF THE POLITBURO OF THE 9TH PARTY CENTRAL COMMITTEE

Distinguished Presidium of the Congress, Distinguished guests, Distinguished delegates to the Congress, Today, the 10th National Congress of the Communist Party of Việt Nam solemnly opens in the capital city of Hà Nội. On behalf of the Presidium , I'd like to warmly welcome the 1,176 delegates

elected

by

Party

conferences

at

various levels, representing the more than 3.1 million

Party

reflecting the

members solidarity,

nationwide

and

determination

and

aspirations of the entire Party, to this Congress at a historically important moment of our revolution and our nation. Our Congress warmly welcomes the former Party

General

Secretaries,

members

of the

Politburo, Party Central Committee Secretary, revolutionaries, former Vice State

senior

Presidents,

Deputy

Prime

Chairmen of the National members

of the

Committees,

Ministers,

Vice

Assembly, former

different

Heroic Mothers

Party

Central

of Việt Nam,

3

patriotic personalities, intellectuals, and young people being guests to this occasion.

At this

solemn

moment,

our Congress

venerates the memory of President Hồ Chí Minh and pays our boundless gratitude to him, the founder and trainer of our Party, a great leader of our Party and nation, a National Liberation Hero, a World Cultural Celebrity, and a preeminent soldier of international communist movements . The revolutionary cause of our Party and people over the past 76 years has asserted that his great thought along with Marxism-Leninism will forever provide the ideological foundations and lodestar for the

Party

and

revolution

and

constitute an invaluable spiritual asset of the Party and nation. Such ideologies have led us on every stage of the path to national construction and development . They have offered the Vietnamese revolution successive victories, uniting the entire nation in our revolutionary cause at present and in the future. Our Congress also venerates the memory of our cadres, soldiers, people and comrades who have fallen for national liberation, construction and protection causes under the leadership of the Party. Our Congress shows great grief over those 9th Party Central Committee members who have passed away. Our

Congress

warmly

welcomes

and

sincerely thank the enthusiastic participation and valuable and responsible input by various Party organizations, the

entire

Party membership,

socio-political organizations at different levels, veteran revolutionaries, patriotic personalities,

4

intellectuals, scholars, all walks of life across the country, Vietnamese

residing

overseas,

and

international friends in the preparation of 10th Party Congress documents. With their significant contributions the documents have become crystallization of the intelligence and creativity of the entire Party, people and army. We warmly applaud and appreciate the exciting emulation drives among the population, economic sectors, administrative echelons, local authorities, and other organizations who have made wonderful accomplishments in honor of the Congress. Distinguished delegates and guests, This

10th

Congress

National

of

the

Communist Party of Việt Nam takes place in a historical moment of immense significance. The renewal (đổi mới) cause in our country has lasted for twenty years. Our entire Party, people and army have just concluded the implementation of the 9th Party Congress Resolution over a five year period, which coincides with the first five years of the 21st century. Over those past five years, apart from fundamental advantages, our country has been

faced

with

quite

a few

challenges posed by complicated developments in the world situation as well as internal difficulties

of an underdeveloped

natural calamities,

epidemics,

and

economy, subjective

shortcomings connected with organization and management. However, with great efforts by the entire

Party,

people

and

army,

important

achievements have been recorded during the five-year implementation

of the

9th

Party

Congress Resolution. Looking back on the 20

5

years

of

renewal,

achievements

have

we

can see that been enormous

the and

historically significant. They have brought about radical and

comprehensive

changes in

our

country, improving considerably its standing, strength and international prestige. In the years to come, international situations are likely to experience rapid, complicated and unpredictable Our national developments . construction and safeguarding will enjoy major advantages and opportunities

for

continued

progress and at the same time, will encounter a number of difficulties and challenges that cannot be underestimated. The 10th Party Congress is tasked with looking straight at the truth in order to make an overall review and objective and comprehensive assessment of the achievements, weaknesses and shortcomings as well as draw useful lessons from the implementation of the 9th Party Congress Resolution, five-year socio-economic development tasks (2001-2005), ten-year socio economic development strategy (2001-2010) and the renewal over the past two decades . This is to develop

and complete our guidelines and viewpoints; design orientations, objectives and tasks for national development for the next five

years (2006-2010) and those for Party building; revise some stipulations in the Party Statutes; elect a Party Central Committee that should bear exemplary political standards and revolutionary morality, and sufficient intellectual and leadership capabilities to implement successfully the 10th Party Congress Resolution, particularly

6

to build our Party to be truly clean and strong in political, ideological and organizational terms, and closely connected with the population; and improve the leadership capacity and fighting power of the Party in the new period. Distinguished delegates and guests, The 10th Party Congress highlights the iron will of the entire Party, people and army to strive to

bring

our country

underdevelopment

and

out

of the

make

it

state

of

become

a

modern, industrialized country. We will certainly do our best to improve the leadership capacity and fighting power of the Party, bring into play the

aggregate

strength of the

entire

nation,

promote comprehensively the renewal process, achieve the goals of "a rich population, a strong country, and

an

equitable,

democratic

and

advanced society," steadily advance to socialism and match developed countries in the world. With such profound belief, on behalf of the Presidium, I hereby declare the opening of the 10th National Congress of the Communist Party of Việt Nam .

Good health and happiness to the delegates and guests.

ས

May the Congress be successful!

ENHANCING THE PARTY'S LEADERSHIP AND COMBAT CAPACITY, BRINGING INTO FULL PLAY THE ENTIRE NATION'S STRENGTH, COMPREHENSIVELY BOOSTING THE RENEWAL PROCESS, AND QUICKLY DELIVERING THE COUNTRY FROM ITS UNDERDEVELOPED STATUS (POLITICAL REPORT OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF VIỆT NAM’S 9th CENTRAL COMMITTEE TO THE 10th NATIONAL PARTY CONGRESS)

The 10th National Party Congress convenes at a time when the Party and the people as a whole conclude five years of implementing the Resolution of the 9th Party Congress and have undertaken 20 years of renewal . The Congress is tasked with reviewing the implementation of the 9th Party Congress' Resolution, the five-year socio-economic development plan of 2001-05 and the 10-year strategy for socio-economic development for 2001 10, looking back on the 20 years of renovation; deciding the orientations, objectives and tasks for socio-economic

development in the five-year

period of 2006-10; reviewing the leadership of the

****

9

9th Party Central Committee, mapping out the orientations and tasks for Party building work; supplementing and revising the Party Statute; and electing the 10th Party Central Committee.

I. REVIEWING THE FIVE YEARS EXECUTION OF THE RESOLUTION OF THE 9TH PARTY CONGRESS AND 20 YEARS OF RENEWAL

During the past five

years,

beside

the

advantages created by the renewal process, our country has encountered not a few difficulties and

challenges

common

to

due

to

low-level

inborn

weaknesses

economies;

natural

disasters, epidemics that occurred in many areas; complicated developments across the region and the world, especially after the September 11 , 2001 attacks in the United States; and the recession, recovery and development of the world and regional economies which intertwined unequal protectionism policies imposed by certain countries. In this context, our entire Party, people and armed forces have tried their best to implement the Resolution of the 9th Congress, and made very important achievements:

1. The economy has successfully overcome the period of decline to record rather high growth rates and all-round development.

The GDP, which has grown every year, has logged an average annual growth rate of 7.51 per cent during the 2001-2005 period, reaching set targets. The country has also achieved macro economic stability; a crucial economic balance in

100

terms

of accumulation- consumption, budget the mobilisation of

revenue-expenditure;

domestic resources for development; and the proportion of GDP in the State budget has increased and surpassed expectations . Overall economic investment capital considerably rapidly, thus

has increased stepping up

production and business capacity, resulting in the production of many products with a competitive edge, building and putting into operation numerous important projects on socio-economic infrastructure, which strengthened the scientific and technical foundation for the economy. The economic structure continued to change to facilitate industrialisation and modernisation. By 2005, the share of agriculture, forestry and fisheries, as a percentage of GDP, dropped to 20.9 per cent (compared to 20-21 per cent proposed in the plan). Industry and construction accounted for 41 per cent (compared to 38-39 per cent) and services made up 38.1 per cent (compared to 41 42 per cent) . All economic sectors have developed. Great leaps forward have been made in the fields of external economic relations and international economic integration. A number of products have shown competitiveness in international markets. Imports and exports have considerably

increased,

resulting

in

overall

export value reaching more than 50 per cent of GDP . Official development assistance (ODA) and foreign direct investment (FDI) capital have increased successively from year to year. There have been a number of investment projects in foreign countries carried out by Việt Nam.

11

The socialist-oriented market economy has taken shape. The commodity market has expanded rather rapidly, while other kinds of markets have also made successful debuts in Việt Nam. 2. In the cultural-social field, progress has been made in many domains; the linkage of economic development with solutions for social problems has changed for the better; the living standards of people from all strata have been improved Education and training have continued to develop

with greater

investment and

better

material bases . The scope of training has expanded, particularly at technical and vocational

middle

schools .

The

people's

educational level has been enhanced. Science and technology have made positive contributions to the drafting of guidelines and policies, investigation and evaluation of natural resources and protection of biological diversity, the research and application of new technologies for socio-economic development and national security and defence.

Work on hunger eradication and poverty alleviation has been sped up in different ways; by the end of 2005 the proportion of poor households (by Vietnamese standards set for the 2001-2005 period) was reduced to 7 per cent (compared with 17.5 per cent in 2001, and a planned target of 10 per cent) . The State's and the people's resources

have

been utilised

well,

resulting in the building of many socio-economic and cultural infrastructures for the rural, mountainous and ethnic areas.

12

During the past five years, 7.5 million jobs have been created . Average per capita income increased to VND10 million in 2005 from VNÐ5.7 million in 2000. People's

health care

and

protection has

improved: the health care network, especially at the grassroots

level,

has

been

expanded;

a

number of dangerous epidemics have been controlled and pushed back; the average life expectancy of Vietnamese people has risen to 71.5 (in 2005) from 67.8 (in 2000) .

Activities

in

culture,

information,

mass

media, sport and physical training have seen progress in a number of domains. The campaign for "The Entire People to Unite to Build a Cultural Life," the movements to provide and care for persons with meritorious services to the country, Vietnamese Hero Mothers, war invalids, martyrs' families and other humanitarian and charity activities have attracted widespread participation from people of all strata . 3. The socio-political situation has been maintained stable, national defence and security have been enhanced and external relations have entered a new phase of development National

independence,

sovereignty,

territorial integrity and political security have been firmly maintained; social order and safety has been ensured . The People's Army and the obtained have Forces Security Public achievements in building up forces and raising combative spirit and readiness . The combination of economic development with national defence

13

in some regions has been effective . Co-ordination between national defence and people's security has been strengthened . Activities on the external relations of the Party, the State and people have developed strongly, contributing to preserving a peaceful boosting environment, socio-economic development,

and

heightening

Việt

Nam's

prestige in the region and the world . Việt Nam has resolved a number of issues relating to land and sea territory disputes with a number of nations; proactively and positively taken part in international forums;

and successfully hosted

many international and regional conferences. 4. The establishment of a socialist, law governed State has made progress in the three domains of legislation, execution and jurisdiction. The strength of the national unity bloc has been brought into play The National important renewal

Assembly has in the

undertaken

legislative

sector,

continuing to revise and supplement the Constitution and the legal system and improve the law-making process. Fifty-eight new laws and 43 new ordinances were passed, creating a legal basis for state managerial performance, the operation of a socialist-oriented market economy and meeting requirements of for the international integration. The organisation and operation of the State apparatus has been further strengthened; the functions, tasks, power and responsibilities given to the Government, ministries, branches and local

14

authorities at all levels have been defined with more detail, and at the same time decentralised to a greater extent . Legal activities and reform have seen positive changes. Activities carried out by the Fatherland Front and mass organisations have become more and more practical. The exercise of the Regulations of Democracy at the Grassroots has been expanded and made more effective, especially at commune and ward levels . Progress has been made in ethnic and religious affairs and the mobilisation of overseas Vietnamese.

5. Party-building work has achieved positive results

Political

and

ideological

organisational and personnel building of grassroots

education,

work, and the

Party cells have been

linked with the building of a grassroots political system, the recruitment of new Party members areas that have all and Party inspection work seen progress. The majority of cadres and Party members have brought into play their vanguard, dynamic and creative role, and preserved their quality and ethics. Those achievements T

have

resulted from

correct Party guidelines, the State's unified law abiding management, the government's dynamic performance, and efforts exerted by the entire Party, people, armed forces, branches, levels, production units and business enterprises. These achievements also highlighted the importance of the positive impact of the already-promulgated mechanisms and policies, and the past

15

achievements of many years of investment which enabled the production capacity of many branches and the entire economy to increase considerably. However, the nation still has to address the following shortcomings and weaknesses:

1.

Economic

growth

has

not

been

commensurate to available potentials; the quality, efficiency and competitiveness of the economy is still poor; and the economic structure has shifted too slowly The macro-balance in the economy is not really stable, easily affected by outside fluctuations. Scientific and technological progress and labour productivity are low; the cost of many products is still higher when compared to those produced in the region and across the world.

Numerous

national resources and potentials have not been well developed and utilised. State investment capital has been disbursed widely, thus suffering low effectiveness and substantial leakage. Waste in State budget expenditure and social consumption remain serious. The natural environment in many areas has been heavily polluted or destroyed. The service sector has developed slowly. The content and measures taken in industrialisation and modernisation in agriculture and rural areas have not yet been clearly elaborated. Numerous obstacles still remain in the arrangement and renovation of State enterprises and in making these enterprises more

effective,

especially

in

equitisation. The quality of human resources is low; untrained labour is common; and farming labour still accounts for a large part of the national

16

workforce. Activities in foreign trade are rather limited. Many enterprises are not strong enough to surmount difficulties in a competitive market.

The

formulation

and

implementation

of

guidelines and policies to promote and operate the market system have not yet been synchronised; a number of market rules have been violated; subsidy thinking has not yet been thoroughly overcome. 2. The renewal of mechanisms and policies on socio-culture has been slow; many pressing socio problems have not been fully resolved Results recorded in hunger eradication and poverty alleviation are not yet stable, running the substantial risk of many falling back into poverty. There has been a widening gap in incomes and living standards in different population strata and regions. The demands for jobs in urban and rural areas have not been well met. The quality of education and training is still low. Science and technology have not caught up with the requirements of industrialisation and modernisation. In a certain section of the press, publication, culture and art sectors, the tendency of loosing sight of goals and mottoes and solely seeking after material interests has not yet been overcome. There still remain weaknesses and shortcomings in the State management of some domains in the

education, health care

and

physical education and sports sectors.

Bureaucracy, corruption and waste have been very serious. Crimes and other social vices have showed an upward tendency. Traffic accidents have caused great losses in life and properties.

17

3. In the field of national defence and security, as well as in external relations, there still exist certain shortcomings The general strength and combative capacity of the armed forces have not been brought into

JU

full play. Some factors that may cause socio political instability still exist in some areas.

National

defence

study

J

strategic

and

forecasts on security and foreign affairs have not yet caught

up

with

current

situations

and

developments. The national defence, security and foreign affairs sectors have lacked close co ordination in solving certain problems. 4. Renewal in some parts of the organisation and activities performed by the State, Fatherland Front and mass organisations has been slow The National Assembly still exercises

its

supervisory function.

awkwardly The

State

management apparatus at all levels, particularly the grassroots, is still weak. Harassment, abuse of power and irresponsibility in a certain segment of functionaries,

especially

in agencies

involved

directly in the affairs of people and businesses, have been slowly dealt with. In the organisational model of local administration, especially in the people's councils, there have been some irrational developments. Administrative reform has not met requirements. Activities of the Fatherland Front and mass organisations in many places have been carried

out

in a

formalistic

and

administrative manner. Democracy in society is still being violated. Law and order have not been strictly observed in many places.

I 18

5. Party-building and rectifying work has not yet met requirements Degradation in the political ideology, ethics, and

lifestyle,

opportunism,

individualism,

bureaucracy, corruption and waste of a segment of officials and functionaries have been serious. Many grassroots Party organisations lack combat capacity and have been unable to resolve arising complicated problems . Ideological education still lacks persuasiveness . Theoretical work has failed to make clear a number of important questions relevant to the renewal process. Weaknesses have manifested in organisational and personnel work. Poor quality and low efficiency have been seen in the work of supervision and inspection. The

above-mentioned

weaknesses

and

shortcomings have resulted from many objective and subjective causes, the majority ofthem subjective: The Party's thinking in certain fields has been slow in renewal. A number of issues relating to major viewpoints and guidelines have not been clarified, hindering unanimity in perception and clear-cut policy-making and administration guidance. This problem is evident in issues of ownership and economic sectors, equitisation of state enterprises, development of an independent and self-reliant economy, integration into the world economy; the renewal of policy and managing mechanisms in education, health care and culture; and mode of operation in the political system.

Guidance in organising the implementation of policies has not been effective. Concrete guidance and responsibility in implementation were lacking

19

in three

main

domains

that are

considered

breaking points. These areas of concern include work on building a compatible institution of a socialist-oriented

market economy, renewal of

mechanisms and policies, creation of a drastic shift in the development of human resources, and renovation of the

organisation and

mode of

operation of the political system, with a focus on administrative reform. Also problematic has been the construction of some large-scale, key projects for the nation. The state of "much talk and little action" has remained common in many places. State management efficiency is still low in as fields such planning, land, capital construction,

finance,

banking,

national

resources, environment, intellectual property and other areas. Inspection and control work has been carried out with low efficiency. A segment of cadres

and

Party members,

including key officials, have been weak in terms of quality and

capacity,

lacking

vanguard

and

exemplary characteristics as well as qualifications to fulfil their assignments.

The above-mentioned

shortcomings

come

under, first and foremost, the responsibility in leadership and guidance of the Party Central Committee directly led by the Political Bureau. The Party Central Committee is strictly self criticised

for

its

shortcomings

before

the

Congress and the people. Along with reviewing the five-year execution of the Resolution of the 9th Party Congress, we look back on the 20 years of renewal.

20

During the past 20 years, with the entire Party,

people and army's great efforts, our country's renewal process has made remarkable and historically significant achievements. The country has emerged from a socio economic crisis, and achieved fundamental and comprehensive changes. The national economy has grown rapidly, the cause of industrialisation and modernisation and the development of the socialist-oriented accelerated .

market economy have been

People's

living

conditions

have

markedly improved . The political system and the great national unity bloc have been consolidated and strengthened . The socio-political situation has been stabilised . National defence and security has

been firmly maintained .

Our

country's

position in the international arena has been continuously heightened. The aggregate national power has been increased substantially, creating a new position and strength for the country to continue progress with fine prospects . These achievements have proven that the renewal process initiated by the Party is correct, creative and suitable to realities in Viêt Nam. Concepts about socialism and the path toward socialism have been made increasingly clear. The system of theoretical viewpoints on the renewal process and a socialist society as well as Việt Nam's path toward socialism have taken form.

The socialist society that building

is

one

of a

our

prosperous

people

are

people,

a

powerful country and an equitable, democratic and civilised society; a society owned by the people;

a

society with a

highly

developed

21

economy relying on modern production forces and a production relationship matching the level of development of the production forces; a society with an advanced culture deeply imbued with its own national identity; a society with people being liberalised from oppression and injustice and enjoying an adequate life, freedom, happiness and comprehensive development; a society with all ethnic groups in the Vietnamese community being equal and united and assisting each other to progress; a society with a law-governed socialist State of the people, by the people and for the people under the leadership of the Communist Party, having friendly and co-operative ties with all people throughout the world. To

advance

towards

socialism,

we

must

develop a socialist-oriented market economy; boost industrialisation and modernisation; build an advanced culture deeply imbued with national identity as a spiritual foundation for the society; build a socialist democracy; implement great national unity; build a law-governed socialist State of the people, by the people and for the people; build a clean and strong Party; ensure national defence and security; and be proactive in international economic integration. While confirming the achievements

noted

above, it is necessary to be aware that our country still remains in an underdevelopment state. The national

economy

is

still

backwards

when

compared to many countries in the region and the world. Weaknesses have manifested in the cultural and social fields, and the building of the political system. Theory has failed to answer certain

22

practical questions relating to the renewal process and socialist construction, particularly in the settlement of relations between the growth rate and development quality, between economic growth with the implementation of social equality, between economic renewal and political renewal, between renewal and

stability

and

development,

and

between independence, sovereignty and proactive integration into the international economy. From the realities of 20-year renewal, our Party

and

State

have

experiences in leadership

accumulated and

more

management .

Some major lessons learnt are as followed: First, to persist

in the goals

of national

independence and socialism on the basis ofMarxism Leninism and Hồ Chí Minh Thought during the renewal process. To undertake renewal does not mean to give up to the goals of socialism, but to make socialism be perceived more correctly and built more efficiently. To undertake renewal is not to diverge from Marxism-Leninism and Hồ Chí Minh Thought, but to correctly perceive, creatively apply and develop Marxism-Leninism and Hồ Chí Minh Thought, considering them the Party's ideological foundation and a compass for revolutionary activities. Second, to undertake comprehensive and concerted renewal, with inheritance in mind and with appropriate steps, forms and ways. Renewal must be carried out from perception and thought to practical activities; from economics, politics and external relations to all aspects of social life; from State's the and leadership Party's the management to concrete activities of every part

23

of the political system. All respects of social life will be renewed but with focal points and appropriate steps while ensuring the close and compatible

coalition between

three

tasks:

to

develop the economy as the central task, to build the Party as the crucial task and to develop culture as the spiritual foundation of the society. Third, renewal should be in the interest ofthe people,

rely on the people,

uphold the people's

proactive and creative role, proceed from realities and responsively perceive what is new. Revolution is the people's cause, for the people and by the people. The people's opinions, aspirations and initiatives play an important role in forming the Party's renewal lines. To rely on the people, proceed from realities and regularly sum up realities, discover new elements, and gradually find rules of development are the key to success. Fourth, to bring into full play internal resources while striving to take advantage of external resources and combining the nation's strength with that of the new era under new conditions. To bring into play internal resources, considering them a decisive factor

for

development,

while

attaching

importance to mobilisation of external resources through international integration and Co operation. To also take advantage of external resources in order to promote internal ones, with the aim of creating an aggregate strength to develop the country in a rapid and sustainable way on the basis of firmly maintaining national independence and a socialist orientation. Fifth, to raise the Party's leadership and combat capacity, continuously renew the political system,

24

build and gradually perfect the socialist democracy, and ensure that power belongs to the people . To build a clean and strong Party is a crucial step and decisive factor to the success of the renewal cause. To build a law-governed socialist State of the people, by the people and for the people is a pressing demand of society. The State is required to institutionalise and efficiently realise civil and human rights. The role played by the Fatherland Front and mass organisations in gathering people of all strata and in promoting the strength of the great national unity bloc should be promoted to successful implementation of the renewal cause. Summing up theories and realities of the 20 years of renewal, we are obviously aware past 20 of the orientation and guidance value of the "Platform to Build the Nation in the Transitional Period to Socialism” (1991) and the new issues that should be addressed . After the 10th National Congress, our Party should continue studying, supplementing and developing the Platform to make it a political and ideological foundation for all

activities of the

Party, State and people

during the process of advancing our country toward socialism.

II. NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES AND ORIENTATIONS FOR THE 2006-2010 PERIOD

Forecast of situations in coming years In the

world,

peace,

co-operation

and

. development remain a major trend. The world and regional economies continue to recover and

25

develop but there still exist unpredictable and risky factors.

Economic

globalisation

creates

development opportunities but also gives rise to inequalities,

posing

great

difficulties

and

challenges to countries, particularly developing nations . Economic-commercial competition and the

struggle for

natural

resources,

energy,

markets, capital sources and technology between countries has become increasingly fierce . Science and technology will see great leaps forward and breakthroughs . Local wars, armed conflicts, national and ethnic and religious strife, races, arms intervention, subversion, secession and terrorism, as well as disputes over borders, land and sea territory and

islands,

and

natural

resources

continue to occur in many places, and become increasingly complicated contradictions

of the

in

nature .

epoch

remain

Serious severe.

Various pressing global issues are required to be solved with co-ordination of countries and international organisations . These issues include the increasingly huge gap between groups of rich and poor countries; the population boom together with flows of emigrants; scarcity of energy sources and exhaustion deterioration

of

the

of natural resources; natural

environment,

increasingly adverse climate changes coupled with terrible natural disasters; and the spread of epidemics and trans-national crime. In the Asia-Pacific region in general, and the Southeast Asian region in particular, the trend for peace, co-operation and development continues to grow. But the triggers for latent instability still

26

exist, such as disputes over power and influence,

R

borders, land, and sea territory and islands, and natural resources between countries; and economic and socio-political number of nations.

instabilities

throughout

a

In Việt Nam, the achievements made during B

the past five years (2001-2005) and the 20 years of renewal (1986-2006) have remarkably improved

! I

broadening of international co-operative relations,

our

country's

position

and

strength.

Our

active integration into the world economy and

1

ensuring of peace have facilitated our people's renewal process and helped accelerate the speed of socio-economic development. Our country, however, is confronting large, complex and intertwined challenges, none of which should be underestimated. We face the danger of lagging behind many countries in the region and the world. Degradation in political ideology, ethics and lifestyle of a segment of Party officials and members, which involves bureaucracy, corruption and

wastefulness,

is

in

a

critical condition.

Deviation from the socialist orientation is yet to be Hostile forces hatch redressed. "peaceful evolution" plots, stir up subversive unrest and use the label of "democracy" and "human rights" in an attempt to change our political system. Coming years will offer great opportunities for our country to progress despite numerous difficulties. At present, the urgent need for the whole nation is to seize opportunities, surmount challenges, continue with the renewal process in a more comprehensive, concerted and stronger way, and develop in a faster and more sustainable manner.

27

Objectives and general orientations for the five-year period from 2006 to 2010: The five-year period from 2006 to 2010 is of decisive significance to the fulfilment of the strategy initiated by the

9th National Party

Congress on socio-economic development during the first decade of the 21st century.

Objectives and general orientations for the 2006-2010

period

are:

to

Party's

increase the

leadership andfighting capacity, promote the strength of the whole nation, comprehensively accelerate the renewal process, mobilise and efficiently utilise all resources for

industrialisation

and

modernisation;

develop culture; achieve progress in the areas of society and justice; strengthen national defence and security;

external

broaden

integrate into the

relations;

actively

world economy; ensure socio

political stability; quickly lift the country from the status of an underdeveloped

nation;

and lay a

foundation for the country to become a modern industrialised country by 2020. To

strive

for

faster,

better

and

more

sustainable economic growth with strong links to human development. By 2010, the country's GDP should increase by 2.1 times from levels in 2000, with an average annual growth rate at between 7.5 to 8 per cent or more .

III. FURTHER PERFECTING THE SOCIALIST-ORIENTED MARKET ECONOMY INSTITUTION

1. To firmly grasp the socialist orientations in Việt Nam's market economy, namely:

28

To achieve the target of "a wealthy people, a powerful country, and an equitable, democratic and civilised society"; to strongly liberalise and continually develop the force of production and raise the people's living standards; to speed up hunger eradication and poverty alleviation, to encourage all people to acquire wealth lawfully and to help others escape poverty, and step by step become better off. To develop a multi-sectoral economy with multi-form ownership in which the State-owned sector plays the leading role, and the State and the collective sectors increasingly become a firm foundation of the national economy . To promote social progress and equality at every step and in every policy of development; to ensure that economic growth is in tandem with the development of culture, health care and education;

and

to

satisfactorily

solve

social

problems for the sake of human development. To implement a system of distribution basically according to work results, economic efficiency, the level of contributions of capital and other resources, and through social welfare.

• To promote the people's right to social mastery and to ensure the role of managing and regulating the economy by the socialist, law governed State under the Party leadership.

2. To raise the role and the managerial efficiency of the State The State should

focus

on satisfactorily

performing the following functions: To define orientations for development by

29

strategies, plans, mechanisms and policies on the basis

of

respecting

fundamentally

market

renovate

principles.

planning

To

work in

conformity with the requirements for building a socialist-oriented market economy and integrating into the international economy; to bring into full play all the comparative advantages of the nation, regions and localities, and to draw all resources into socio-economic development . To create a favourable legal environment, mechanisms resources

and

for

policies

to tap

development,

and

all to

equality for all entities in business

social ensure

dealings

through healthy, open, transparent and organized competition according to law.

To support development

and build

an

important socio-economic infrastructure system as well as a social security system. To

guarantee

the

sustainability

and

activeness of the macro-economic balance and to restrict risks and the negative impacts of the market economy. To impact the market mainly through the economic mechanism, policies and instruments; at the same time to apply timely, effective, and necessary measures when the domestic market operates inefficiently or the regional and world market undergoes major fluctuations.

To effect State management by a legal system and minimise administrative intervention in the operation of enterprises and the market. To separate the function of State administrative management from that of enterprises' business

30

management;

to

abrogate

the

system

of

"management by umbrella agencies"; to separate the system of public administrative agencies from that of non-business agencies; and to vigorously develop public services (education, science and technology, health care, culture, physical training and sport).

To

go

ahead

with renewing

financial,

monetary policies, to ensure the stability and sustainable development of the national finance. To

clearly

define

the

functions

and

relationship between the National Assembly, the Government and ministries, branches, and the People's Committees of provinces and centrally governed cities in State management in the socio economic field. 3. To synchronously develop and effectively manage the operations of basic markets in line with a healthy competition pattern

To develop commodity and service markets. To narrow domains where the State holds a business monopoly; eradicate enterprises' monopoly and continue renewing the price management mechanism. To strongly develop domestic trade and rapidly increase exports and imports. To accelerate commercial liberalisation in conformity with commitments for international economic integration. To create new, quick and all-round development of the service market, especially high-grade

services

with

high

intellectual

content, and great added value. To

steadily develop

the financial

market,

including the capital and monetary markets, with

31

compatible and complete mechanisms . To expand and improve the quality of the operations of the capital and stock exchange markets . To mobilise all capital sources in society for development. To modernise monetary

and diversify market. To

operations in the State consolidate

commercial banks in all aspects. To open the banking service market along the road map for international economic integration. To develop the real estate market, including the market of land use rights and realty attached to land; to ensure the smooth transfer of land use rights into commodities; to make land a real source of capital for development, and to make the domestic real estate market competitive in the regional market and attractive to investors. To publicly practise transparency and enhance laws, disciplines and principles in land management. To continue with the State regulating land prices by the supply-demand relationship in land and via land-related tax policies. The State manages the real estate market while being the greatest real estate investor. To perfect a legal system of real estate business.

To develop the workforce market in all economic sectors, to create a link in the labour supply- demand,

and

to

promote

labourers'

activeness in vocational training, job seeking and self employment.

To

work out preferential

policies for labour-intensive enterprises, chiefly in rural areas. To accelerate the export of labour, especially the export of skilled labour and farm hands. To perfect mechanisms and policies for recruitment and use of workers in the State

32

economic sector and State power apparatus. To diversify job promotion activities and to develop an information system on labour markets at home and abroad. To devise policies on import of high quality labour in technological and managerial fields in those branches and trades given priority for development . To formulate a legal system on labour and the labour market with a view to ensuring labourers' right to select places of work and residence; to broadly

carry

out the

labour

contract system; to guarantee the rights of both employees and employers. To develop the science and technology market based on the renovation of mechanisms and policies

in

order

to

turn

scientific

and

technological products (except basic research and studies in the service of devising strategies and policies for development) into commodities. To make widespread dissemination of information and to create a competitive environment so that scientific and technological products are traded conveniently on the market. To shift research and development organisations with different types of ownership to operations under a business mechanism. 4. To strongly develop all economic sectors and types ofproduction and businesses

Based

on the

three-ownership

(ownership by the whole

people,

systems collective

ownership and private ownership), various forms of ownership and various economic sectors have come into being: the State economy, the collective

33

run

economy

the

and

private

economy

(individual , small owner, and private capitalist), the State capitalist economy, and foreign- invested economy . All economic sectors operating lawfully are important components of the socialist-oriented market economy and equal before the law, and together enjoy long - term development, co operation and healthy competition . The State economy plays the leading role and constitutes an important material force for the State to orientate and regulate the economy, and create the environment and conditions to foster the joint development of all economic sectors . The State and collective economies increasingly become a firm foundation for the national economy, while the private economy assumes an important role as one of the driving forces of the greater economy. Joint stock businesses

undergo growing

development and become a common form of economic organisation, boosting socialisation of production, business and ownership. To wipe

out all

discriminations

against

different forms of ownership. The State only gives preferential treatment or development support to a number of branches, fields and products; to

some

targets

like

exports,

job

creation, hunger eradication, poverty reduction and disaster preparedness; and to some areas and small and medium-sized enterprises.

To

materialise

a

National

Strategy

on

enterprise development. To build an extensive system of competitive Vietnamese enterprises with prestigious brand names, and with a number of large shareholding economic groups serving as the

34

main force. The State maps out orientations and creates an environment for effectively developing enterprises along the market mechanism; the State fosters, trains and honours talented, ethical and high-achieving entrepreneurs. To proceed with renewing,

developing and

raising the efficiency of State-owned enterprises To perfect mechanisms and policies to enable to operate in a competitive, open,

them

transparent, and efficiency-boosting environment. To

do

away with

State-owned

enterprises'

monopoly and privileges in production and business . State-owned enterprises have the right to property, to operate independently and to be responsible for themselves in the market and before the law. To attach enterprise managers' responsibilities, rights and interests to the outcome of their enterprises ' operations . To pay attention to training an excellent contingent of administrators to satisfactorily meet the requirements advanced corporate management .

for

To speed up the reorganisation and reform of State-owned enterprises to raise their efficiency with equitisation as the core . To restructure State owned enterprises, concentrating on a number of important fields in infrastructure, producing the major means of production and services of the economy; and on some domains of public utility. To push up and expand the scope of equitising State-owned

enterprises

inclusive

of

State

corporations. The evaluation of to-be-equitised State-owned enterprises, including that of the land use right, must be done according to the market mechanism. Negative phenomena in the

35

equitisation of State-owned enterprises should be prevented and dealt with.

To spur the

formation

of some

strong

economic groups of regional calibre, with shares owned by the State, individuals working at home and abroad, insurance companies and investment funds, etc. with the State holding dominant shares. To continue renovation and development of various types of collective economies To sum up the actual performance, and work out

specific

policies

and

mechanisms

to

encourage stronger development of all types of collective economy which are diverse in forms of ownership

and of business

organisations,

including

and production

new

types

of co

operative groups and co-operatives . Attention should be paid to developing and improving the efficiency of co-operatives and unions of joint stock co- operatives.

To encourage the mobilisation of capital from co-operative members to increase capital for co-operatives ' operations, for development investment, assets and undivided funds. Co-operatives

and

other

types

of

co

operative economies operate on the principles of voluntary co-operation, democracy, equality, publicity , independence, self-responsibility, benefit and community development.

To

vigorously

develop

individual

business

households and all types of private enterprises All citizens have the right to participate in investment and business operations with the

36

right

to

asset

ownership

and

of

freedom

business protected by law; they have equal right access to and business in investment, opportunities, business resources, and to give and receive information. To remove all barriers and create a social psychology and favourable business environment for all types of private enterprises, to develop without any restrictions in scale in all trades, and fields including important areas of production and business not prohibited by law. To strongly attract resources from foreign investors To

improve

the

legal

and

economic

environment and diversify forms and mechanisms to strongly draw resources from foreign investors into important industries and business fields.

IV . STEPPING UP INDUSTRIALISATION AND MODERNISATION IN ASSOCIATION WITH DEVELOPMENT OF THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY

To take advantage of favourable opportunities created across the world and to make use of the country's potential and advantages so

as to

shorten the process of national industrialisation and modernisation along the socialist orientation associated with the development of a knowledge economy, considering it an important factor of the economy, and the course of industrialisation and modernisation.

To

develop

all branches

and

knowledge-based economic products with high added value; to combine the use of the knowledge resources of the Vietnamese people with the latest

37

knowledge of mankind . To attach importance to both the quantity and quality of economic growth in each developmental step the country takes, as well as in each region, economic project.

locality,

and

socio

To build a modern and rational economic structure

according to

branches, fields

and

territories. To reduce intermediary costs and raise the labour productivity of all branches and fields, chiefly highly competitive ones. To accelerate industrialisation and modernisation of agriculture and rural areas, and to synchronously solve issues related to agriculture, rural areas and farmers To robustly shift agricultural and

rural

economic structures along the direction of increasing added value creation associated with the processing industry and market; to carry out mechanisation, electrification and building

of

irrigation works, rapidly apply advanced sciences, technologies and biotechnology in production, and raise productivity, quality and competitiveness

in

conformity

with

the

characteristics of each region and each locality. To rapidly scale up the value proportion of products and labour of industrial and service branches, and to gradually scale

down the

proportion

of

agricultural products

and labour. To quickly overcome farming households' patchy land for

cultivation, encourage the merger and exchange of farm land, land lease and the contribution of land as shares; to facilitate the development of high-tech agricultural zones, concentrated cultivation and

38

livestock breeding areas

and

industrial enterprises and services associated with the forming of branches craft villages, . co operatives and farms, and produce goods that have market and high economic efficiency.

To satisfactorily carry out a programme for forest protection and development, to renovate the policy of land and forest allotment, and to that those who work in forestry

ensure

preservation have a stable and improved life. To develop material forests associated with a forestry product processing industry that utilises modern technology. To synchronously and effectively develop farming, processing and protection of marine resources. To attach importance to producing and supplying good varieties of breeds, to protect the environment, and to expand both domestic and foreign markets .

To beef up agriculture, forestry and fisheries promotion activities as well as veterinary and plant protection work, and other technical · services in rural areas. To effect rapid transfer and application of science and technology, chiefly bio-technology to farm production, while paying attention to the selection of strains as well as cultivation, farming, post-harvest and processing technologies. To

immediately

make

plans

for

rural

development. To implement the programme of new

rural development.

villages,

communes

that

To

build

hamlets,

enjoy an adequate,

civilised life and healthy environment. To form urbanised residential areas that have compatible

39

socio-economic infrastructure: irrigation works transport and communication, electricity, safe water supply, industrial areas, schools, medical stations, post offices and markets. To bring into play democracy in rural areas along with the building of a

cultured

lifestyle, to

raise the

people's cultural standards, to get rid of social evils,

superstitious

practices

and

backward

habits; and to ensure security and social order and safety. To pay attention to job training and employment for farmers, first of all for those in areas where farmland

was

revoked

for the

building of industrial establishments, services, transport works

and

new urban

areas.

To

restructure the labour pattern in the rural areas along the orientation of rapidly reducing the ratio of farm labour and raising the proportion of industrial and

service labour.

To help

rural

labourers find jobs in and out of the rural areas, including in foreign countries. To make stronger investment in hunger eradication and poverty reduction programmes, chiefly in remote, bolder, island, and ethnic minority-inhabited areas.

To quickly services

develop industry, construction and

To encourage the development of high-tech, manufacturing

and software

industries,

and

support industries that have a competitive edge, turn out more products for export and that are labour intensive . To develop some open economic and special

economic

zones,

and

increase the effectiveness of industrial and export processing zones.

40

To assist all economic sectors in developing those industries that produce consumer goods and goods for export;

and

to

manufacture

modern-oriented, important means of production; and to give priority to drawing investment from big foreign economic and trans-national groups. To swiftly draw investment capital at home and abroad for carrying out important projects on oil and gas exploitation, oil

refining,

petro

chemistry, metallurgy, manufacture engineering, basic chemical, fertiliser and building materials. To adopt a policy of restricting export of raw natural

resources.

To

lure

excellent,

highly

qualified specialists from other countries and the overseas Vietnamese community. Based on the supplements and completion of planning, to mobilise resources at home and abroad

to

build

infrastructure

compatible

facilities,

socio- economic

chiefly

international

airports, sea ports, express ways, coastal and east-west routes, electricity supply networks, technical infrastructure in major urban areas, irrigation, water supply and drainage systems . To develop the power industry in parallel with energy-saving technology. To improve quickly the capacity of and modernise telecommunications sector. To sectors,

the

post

make a breakthrough in the service especially

those

with

high-quality

services and great potential and a competitive edge, and raise the growth rate of the service sector higher than the GDP growth rate . To vigorously develop and increase the quality of some sectors, including the transport, commerce,

41

tourism , finance, banking, insurance, post telecommunications and consultancy sectors.

To develop the regional economy To work out appropriate mechanisms and policies to help all regions across the country develop together while formulating an alignment between regions and within districts of each region. To foster the development of key economic regions, create a driving force and spread impact to other regions; at the same time to create conditions for further development in difficulty ridden economic regions, especially with regard to border areas, islands, the Central Highlands, and the southwestern and northwestern regions.

To develop the maritime economy To work out and comprehensive

realise

a strategy for

development of the

maritime

economy with focal points to make Việt Nam into a nation with a strong maritime economy in the region, in line with ensuring national defence, security

and

international

co-operation.

To

develop a sea port system, sea-borne transport, oil and gas,

and

fisheries

exploitation

and

processing, marine services; to promote the ship building industry and aquaculture industry. To vigorously develop the coastal and island areas.

economies

of some

To change labour and technological structures To develop human resources so as to have, by 2010, human resources with a compatible and high-quality structure, and to bring down the

42

labour ratio in the agricultural sector to below 50 per cent of the social workforce .

To

effect

scientific

and

technological

development in conformity with the leaps-and bounds developmental trend of the scientific and technological revolution in the world. To choose and immediately introduce the application of modern technology in pivotal fields . To pay attention to high-tech development to engineer breakthroughs and labour-intensive technology to generate employment. To effectively protect national natural resources and improve the natural environment To enhance management of national natural resources, chiefly land, water, mineral and forests.

To prevent acts of environmental destruction and pollution and overcome deterioration of the environment in river basins, urban areas, industrial zones, craft villages, densely- populated areas

and places that are

home to bustling

To gradually introduce economic operations. more and more clean technology and energy. To actively restore destroyed environments and ecosystems. To continue planting trees on cleared land, bare hills and mountains, and to protect bio-diversity. To pay attention to investment in the environment, particularly the collecting, recycling and treatment of waste.

To perfect the law and reinforce protection the over management

State and

improvement of the natural environment.

43

To

step-by-step

modernise

hydro

take dis nat proactive measures against asters and ural

meteorological

research

forecasts ,

and

carry out search-and-rescue operations .

V. IMPROVING THE QUALITY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, AND DEVELOPING HUMAN RESOURCES Education and training together with science and technology are the nation's top policy as well as the foundation and driving force for boosting national industrialisation and modernisation.

1. To comprehensively renew education and training and develop high-quality human resources To raise the quality of all-round education; to renew the organisational structure and management mechanism of the education sector and revise educational curriculum and methods of teaching

and

learning;

to

" standardise,

modernise, socialise," and improve Việt Nam's education.

To

gradually

educational

model

develop

the the

existing

into an open educational

model - a learning society model, with a system of life-time

education,

transferability between

continuous different

training,

educational

levels and disciplines; to build a system of education for all and develop more flexible forms of education and practice, meeting the demands for continuing education; to create various possibilities and opportunities for learners so as to ensure social equity in education.

44

To strongly reform pre-school education and general education. To make prompt adjustments to overcome the problem of overloaded study and strictly implement the education programme and develop general education textbooks which are scientific, basic, suitable to the psychological characteristics of children of different age groups and the practical conditions of Việt Nam. To combine specialisation with an election of optional study subjects at the senior secondary education level on the basis of successful vocational orientation and preliminary specialisation at the junior secondary education level. To ensure the progress and quality of education universalisation.

To

develop

vigorously

the

system

of

vocational training, quickly expand the scale of vocational training at college and high school levels to provide for industrial zones, key economic regions and labour export. To expand the network of vocational training facilities develop

and

vocational centres

at precincts and district. To create major improvements in the

quality of vocational training towards regional and international standards. To boost socialisation of vocational training, encourage the development of diverse and flexible forms of vocational training: non-State training, training at enterprises and craft villages...; to create favourable conditions for labourers to access training and jobs. To organise vocational training courses and the transfer of suitable production techniques and technology to farmers and ethnic minority people. To renew the system of university education and post-graduate education, associate training

45

with employment in the direct service of labour restructuring,

quickly

develop

high- quality

human resources, especially leading specialists in various fields . To attach importance to fostering and employing talented people; to swiftly build a human resource structure which is rational in profession, training level and ethnicity, to work out mechanisms and policies to effectively associate universities with scientific research institutions and enterprises for application of scientific and technological research outcomes to production and business activities. To build a number of key universities international standards.

of regional

and

To ensure sufficient numbers and improve the quality of teachers at all levels and grades of education.

To

continue

strong

reforms

in

education methods to bring into play learners' initiative and creativity and eliminate the “one way" teaching method . To perfect the system of education quality assessment and accreditation. To improve examination contents and methods so as to accurately assess assimilated knowledge and learning capability. To surmount weaknesses and negative practices in education. To socialise education. To mobilise material and intellect resources within society to promote education. To effect close co-ordination between the educational service

and

all departments ,

branches, socio-economic and socio-professional organisations. To expand education and provide learning opportunities for every member of society. To intensify inspection, supervision and monitoring of educational activities.

46

1

To

renew

education

administration

mechanisms. To decentralise authorities to create a motivational force and promote the initiative of all education institutions and entities . The State should increase investment focusing on priority objectives, national educational development programmes, support for ethnic minority areas and island, remote and border areas; to reduce other contributions, increase school fees and scholarships for poor pupils, welfare beneficiaries and excellent pupils. To promote international

co-operation

in

education and training. To approach world advanced educational standards suitable to Việt Nam's development requirements; to participate in regional and world human resource training. To adopt suitable management mechanisms to foreign-invested schools or schools with foreign training partners.

2. To enhance the capability and effectiveness ofscience and technology To

strive

that

by

2010,

our

country's

scientific and technological capability should reach the level of advanced countries in the region in a number of crucial domains. To develop social sciences, making further contributions to clarifying perceptions of socialism and the path to socialism in our country; finding answers to new issues related to the socialist-oriented market economy, and the process of industrialisation and modernisation; To clarify the basic principles and contents of the promotion of socialist democracy, renewal of the

47

political system, and building of a socialist state governed by law; to ensure human development, the raising of leadership and fighting capacity of the Party during the renewal period . To regularly review realities so as to develop theories; to predict

the

world,

development situation

regional

and

and trends; to

national supply

scientific grounds for elaborating the guidelines and policies of the Party and the State. To

develop

natural

science

and

science

technology, concentrating on application- oriented basic research, especially in the domains in which Việt Nam has demands and strengths . To promote the selective import of technologies and purchase of patents for use together with locally made technologies so as to quickly renew and raise the level of technology in branches with competitive edges and high GDP ratios, supporting industries and labour-intensive industries; to particularly

develop high information

technologies, technology,

biotechnology and new material technology. To develop a system of national information on human power and technology.

To

renew

scientific

and

technological

management mechanisms in the direction that the State invests in national research programmes of regional and world levels and builds up scientific and technological potential for a number of key domains . To diversify investment resources for science and technology and mobilise all economic sectors to participate in scientific and technological activities. To step up international integration in the scientific and technological

48

domains. To raise the quality and commercial potential of scientific and technological products; to push ahead technology renewal in enterprises. The State encourages the creation, perfection and application

of new technology,

through

policies of support of development, recognition and protection of intellectual property rights. To work out policies to attract multinational and corporations to invest in transfer technologies to Vietnamese enterprises. To attach importance to importing modern technologies; to step by step develop domestic technologies . To properly utilise and ensure the good treatment of talented people, top scientists, chief project

engineers,

chief

engineers,

skilled

technicians and highly skilled technical workers. To adopt policies to attract prominent scientists and skilled technicians from inside the country, abroad

and

among

overseas

Vietnamese

communities.

VI . MATERIALISING SOCIAL PROGRESS AND EQUITY AT EVERY STEP AND IN EVERY POLICY OF DEVELOPMENT

To combine economic objectives with social objectives on a national scale, in every domain and every locality; to materialise social progress and equity at every step and in every policy of development, well effectuate social policies on the

basis

of

economic

development

and

association between interests and obligations, contribution and benefit; to create a stronger and more reliable driving force for socio-economic

49

development.

To concentrate efforts to solve

pressing social problems. To encourage all the people to raise their incomes in a lawful way, and effectively materialise policies on hunger eradication and poverty alleviation. To create conditions and opportunities for poor areas and poor segments of the population to have equal access to development resources, benefit from basic social services, and escape from poverty in a sustainable manner; to overcome the thinking of reliance on subsidies and others' assistance. To develop a complete system of policies to ensure the provision of essential and fair public services in education and training, employment, health care, culture-information, sport and physical training to everyone. To build a

system of diversified

social

welfare; to strongly develop the systems of social insurance and health insurance, and proceed to carry out health insurance for all people. To diversify forms

of social

relief, create jobs, promote labour export, with the aim at highly qualified labour. To continue renewing salary policies and income distribution policies .

To develop an equitable and effective health care system, ensuring that all the people get access to health care and protection. The State continues increasing investments in upgrading medical and preventive health facilities, formulating and perfecting medical allowance and insurance policies for social policy beneficiaries and the poor in medical examination and treatment. To develop hi-tech and non-State health services .

50

To

increase

the

effectiveness

of

state

management in the health care sector. To adopt strategies, plans and rational mechanisms and policies to develop the system of manufacturing, circulation and distribution of medicines; to strongly develop the pharmaceutical and medical equipment

industries

to

meet domestic

and

export demands. To combine modern medicine with traditional medicine.

To

develop

a

national

strategy for

the

improvement of health, increase in life expectancy and improvement ofthe quality of our race. To raise the physical strength of the youth . To strongly develop physical training and sports, effectively combining popular sports with high-achievement sports, national sports with modern sports. To adopt appropriate policies and mechanisms to scout, foster and develop talents, enabling our sports to occupy a high standing in the region and step by step approach continental and world standings in sports in which Việt Nam has advantages . To perform

effective

reproductive

health

work. To step up the movement on ensuring "the entire society takes care, educates and protects children", create conditions for children to live in a safe and healthy environment and develop physically, intellectually, spiritually and ethically; to

quickly reduce the

rate of malnourished

children. To prevent and control HIV/ AIDS with strong, persistent and effective measures. To effectively implement population and family planning policies. To reduce the population growth rate. To continue to implement the birth reduction plan,

maintain the replacement birth rate, ensure

51

a rational population size and structure, and raise the population quality. To bring into full play the fine traditional values of Vietnamese families to meet

the

requirements

industrialisation

and

of the

process

modernisation .

To

of

build

prosperous, equal, progressive and happy families, which are truly the hearths of all and the healthy cells of society, and constitute an important environment for forming, nurturing and educating personality, preserving and promoting fine cultural traditions, and creating human resources to serve the cause of national construction and defence. To attach importance to social preference policies. To mobilise all people to participate in activities "showing gratitude" and "remembering the source while drinking water" in relation to revolutionary veterans, people with meritorious services to the country and social policy beneficiaries. To take care of the material and spiritual life of the aged people, especially those who are lonely and helpless . To

help Agent Orange victims, the

disabled, orphans and street children. To renew methods of management and modes of provision of public services. To develop public services in scope, quality and effectiveness, raise the State management capacity and renew the operational mechanisms of State-run units and strongly mobilise all resources of society. To increasing continue resources and make concentrated

investments

in

national

programmes on education, health care, culture, physical training and sport, population, families and children, to pay attention to remote and ethnic minority areas, and, at the same time, to

52

bring into full play intellectual potential and material resources of the people and the entire society, together with the State, to solve social issues and develop all public services.

To step by step develop public establishments which are providing public services under a non business, administrative and subsidy-based mechanism into ones that

under an

operate

independent mechanism with partial subsidies and

non-for-profit

develop

non- State

To

extensively

establishments

in people

purposes.

founded and private forms. To turn a number of public

establishments into non-State ones. To domestic and foreign investment in

promote

developing public

services.

The

State

shall

together with the people step up inspection and supervision of public service activities. To make public charge rates at State and non-state

service

establishments,

eliminate

unclear and illegitimate revenues and expenses, ensuring reasonable salaries and incomes for service employees as incentives to perform their jobs with professional ethics.

To

promote

establishments

state

engaged

and

non-state

in providing public

services to develop in both scale and quality, and to build a number of service establishments of advanced regional level.

VII. DEVELOPING CULTURE , A SPIRITUAL FOUNDATION FOR SOCIETY To continue developing the quality of the culture deeply imbued

advanced Vietnamese

53

with

identity,

national

closely

more

and

synchronously associated with socio-economic development, making culture permeate into all domains of social life. To build personality

and

of the

the

values

and

Vietnamese,

perfect

protect

and

promote the national cultural identity in the period of industrialisation, modernisation and international integration. To foster cultural values for the youth, students and pupils, especially the ideal of life, lifestyle, intellectual capacity, virtue and cultural qualities of the Vietnamese . To

bring

into

full

play

the

spirit

of

volunteering, self-management and mastership capacity of the people in cultural life. To diversify forms of operation of the movement for "the entire people to unite and build a cultured life". To promote literary and art potential and encourage literary and art creativity to create works of high ideological and art value. To build and upgrade a compatible system of cultural institutions, with special attention paid to big and special

cultural

complexes .

To

raise

the

operational effectiveness of the system of cultural houses, museums, traditional houses, libraries, reading rooms, commune postal-and-cultural offices and recreation centres, to protect and promote the value of archived documents. To continue

making

investment

in

the

conservation and embellishment of revolutionary historical relics and the nation's tangible and intangible cultural heritage as well as cultural, art, linguistic values, and the fine practices and customs of ethnic minority groups. To conserve

54

and promote folk culture and art performances . To harmoniously combine the protection and promotion of cultural heritage with economic and tourist development activities . To create conditions for the publishing and mass media sectors to develop with higher ideological and cultural quality, modernising in terms of models, organisational structures and material-technical foundations; and, at the same time, to build appropriate, proactive and scientific management mechanisms for this sector. To ensure freedom and democracy for all creative cultural, literary and art activities in parallel with promoting the civil responsibility of artists and writers. To adopt policies to properly treat and use cultural talents, take care of the material and spiritual life of writers and artists. To strongly promote literary and art theoretical critical activities. To renew contents and methods of operation and

organisational

structure

of

central and local literary and art associations. To intensify the state management of culture. To formulate stable and appropriate mechanisms, policies as well as sanctions to meet new demands of cultural development in the new period.

To

actively

expand

international

exchange and co-operation in culture, combat the penetration of harmful and alien cultural trends . To promote the dynamism and initiative of Party and State agencies, the Fatherland Front, mass organisations, literary, art and scientific associations,

the mass media, households, individuals and intellectuals to participate in

55

cultural activities. To develop and regularly implement programmes of cultural- aesthetic education and civilised , modern lifestyle among the people .

VIII. STRENGTHENING NATIONAL DEFENCE AND SECURITY, FIRMLY SAFEGUARDING THE SOCIALIST HOMELAND OF VIỆT NAM To build up an all-people national defence and people's security force which is strong in every respect; to firmly safeguard the Homeland, independence, sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity; defend the Party, the State, the people and the socialist system; to protect political, economic security, ideological-cultural security and

social

security;

maintain

social

order,

discipline and safety; to firmly preserve the country's political stability, to pro-actively preclude, drive back and defeat all hostile forces' efforts at sabotage. To continue renewing and improving the quality of educational work in imparting national defence knowledge to officials, civil servants and the entire people, with contents suitable to each object and incorporated into formal school

curricula

at

different educational levels and grades. To attach educate people to have importance to understanding of subjects and partners; to firmly grasp the line, viewpoints, requirements and tasks of national defence in the new situation; to raise the sense of responsibility and alertness in the performance of national defence and security tasks. To firmly maintain domestic security; to

56

settle in time conflicts and disputes of the people; build

up

a

"people-based

disposition"

as a

foundation for bringing into full play the aggregate strength of the entire nation, with the people's army and people's police as the core. To determinedly defeat all schemes and ploys of "peaceful evolution," violent disturbance and subversion. To attach importance to the task of ensuring internal political security, raising the self-protection capability of organisation, agency and unit.

every

person,

To combine socio-economic development with strengthening of defence and security might on the basis of promoting every potential of the country. To build an all-people national defence disposition in close combination with the people's security disposition. To step up the building of provincial and municipal defence zones. To continue developing economic-defence zones, build up defence-economic zones with the main objective of strengthening defence-security, concentrating on strategic key areas and sensitive land and sea borders, and island areas. To build up the national defence industry within the system of national industries under the direct management of the Government, and to make selective investments in building a modern industry in service of both national defence and the people's life. To build a regular, well-trained, revolutionary People's Army and People's Police that is gradually modernised. To

raise the

overall quality and

combativeness of the armed forces so that they will truly be clean, strong political forces absolutely loyal to the Homeland, the Party and

57

the State and the people and trusted and loved by the people. To renew the organisation, content and methods of training of the armed forces in parallel with improving and renewing weapons, equipment and facilities to meet new military operation requirements;

to

develop

military

science, police science, and people's warfare art; to improve the modes of operation of full-time and

part-time

forces in

co-ordination

with

people's organisations in safeguarding national security and preserving social order and safety. To formulate and enhance mechanisms of Party leadership and State management of national defence and security activities. To effectuate the single commander regime

in association

with the

political commissar, political instructor regime, intensify Party and political work in the army. To supplement regulations of co-ordination of activities among national defence, security and foreign affairs branches

in

situation and

and concerned analysing

and

giving advice

ministries

and

forecasting

the

on and

putting

forward solutions. To supplement and formulate legal documents and social policies related to national defence and security tasks. To expeditiously formulate and promulgate a national defence strategy, security strategy and other specialised strategies.

IX. EXPANDING FOREIGN RELATIONS, AND PROACTIVE AND ACTIVE INTERNA TIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION To consistently follow the foreign affairs policies of independence, sovereignty, peace, co

58

operation and development; to carry out the foreign policy of openness, multi-lateralisation and diversification of international relations. To proactively economy

integrate into the international same time, expand the same at the

and,

international co-operation in other domains . To make Việt Nam a reliable friend and trusted partner

of

countries

in

community and actively

the

international

participates

in the

process of international and regional co-operation. The tasks of foreign relation work are to firmly maintain a peaceful environment and create favourable conditions for the renewal process, boost socio-economic development, national industrialisation and modernisation, national construction and defence and, at the same time, actively contribute to the common struggle of the world's people for peace, national independence, democracy and social progress. To promote established comprehensive international relations that are stable and sustainable . To develop relations with all countries and territories in the world and international organisations on the principles of independence , other's each for respect sovereignty and territorial integrity, non interference in each other's internal affairs; no use of force or threat to use force; settlement of disagreements and disputes through peaceful negotiations; mutual mutual benefit.

respect,

equality

and

To consolidate and promote relations with communist parties, workers' parties, left parties, national

independence,

revolutionary

and

59

progressive movements in the world. To continue expanding relations with ruling parties. To expand people-to-people relations under the motto of "pro-activity, flexibility, creativity and effectiveness". To actively participate in forums and activities of the world's people. To intensify mobilisation of aid and raise the effectiveness of co-operation

with

non- governmental

foreign

organisations for socio-economic development. To proactively participate in the common struggle for human rights. To be ready to hold dialogues

with

international and

other

countries,

concerned

organisations

regional

on

human rights issues. To determinedly defeat all schemes and actions of distorting and abusing "democratic", "human

right",

"ethnic",

and

"religious" issues in order to interfere in Việt Nam's internal affairs, infringe upon the independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity, security and political stability of the nation.

To strongly promote

external

economic

activities, integrate in greater depth and more comprehensively

with

global,

regional

and

bilateral economic institutions, on the basis of serving national interests as the ultimate goal. To proactively and actively integrate into the international economy according to roadmaps in line with the strategy for national development from now to 2010 and the vision to 2020. To prepare conditions for the conclusion of bilateral and

multilateral

promote

free-trade

comprehensive

agreements .

and

effective

To

CO

operative relations with other ASEAN countries

60

and Asia-Pacific countries. To consolidate and develop reliable bilateral co-operative relations with strategic partners; to make effective use of opportunities and minimise challenges and risks when our country becomes a member of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) . To continue renewing economic institutions, documents, amend , review regulatory supplement and

perfect the legal system to

ensure their compatibility, consistency, stability and transparency . To improve the investment environment; attract FDI and ODA capital, indirect investment, commercial credit and other capital sources. To identify proper purposes of use and accelerate the disbursement of ODA capital, improve methods of management, raise the efficiency of use, and work out plans for payment of debts when due; to maintain rational and safe ratios of foreign debts. To promote the initiative and dynamism of economic sectors in of all enterprises of international economic integration. To strongly speed up trade and investment, develop new markets, new products and new brands. To encourage Vietnamese enterprises to enter into joint ventures with foreign enterprises and make overseas investment.

To

promote

external

culture - information

work, to contribute to promoting co-operation and friendship between our people and people of other countries. To take care of training and retraining the contingent of cadres performing foreign relation

61

work to be politically steadfast and fluent in foreign languages and possess high professional qualifications, good ethics and qualities.

To intensify research, forecast activities and consultancy

with the

relations

foreign

on

participation of research institutes and scientists so as to bring into play their intellect.

the

To ensure the unified Party leadership and centralised state management of foreign

relation activities . Party's

foreign

diplomacy external

and

politics

To

closely

relations

co-ordinate the

work,

the

people-to-people and the

external

State's

relations; economy;

foreign policy, national defence and security; foreign information and domestic information.

X. PROMOTING THE STRENGTH OF THE GREAT NATIONAL UNITY, CONTINUING TO RENEW THE VIỆT NAM FATHERLAND FRONT AND MASS ORGANISATIONS The

great national

unity based

on the

working class-peasantry - intelligentsia alliance under the

Party's

leadership

constitutes

a

strategic aspect of the Vietnamese revolution, a major source of strength and motivation, and a decisive factor in ensuring firm successes in national construction and defence . The goal of firmly maintaining national independence and unification for a rich people, a strong country and an equitable, democratic and civilised society shall be taken as the requisites for uniting people of various nationalities and religions, people of all strata inside the country and abroad; to do

62

away

with

all

complexes,

prejudices

and

discrimination against people's pasts and social class. To respect divergent opinions which are not contrary to national interests . To heighten the nation's tradition of benevolence and righteousness, tolerance, while building a spirit of openness

and

mutual trust for political

stability and social consensus . The great national unity is the cause of the entire nation and the entire political system, with Party organisations as the nuclei, achieved through different measures and in different forms, of which the Party's guidelines and the State's policies and law are of primary significance.

The Party exercises its leadership through guidelines and policies

and

maintains

close

contact with the people. The State constantly strives to improve legal and managerial systems, creating conditions for people to do things not forbidden by law. The State and the people join efforts in striving for national development, and harmonising personal interests, collective interests and social interests . To compatibly realise the State's policies and laws with a view towards promoting democracy (representative democracy, direct democracy and communities ) and self-administration of maintaining social discipline. To organise and mobilise the people to participate in patriotic emulation movements, to do business effectively, coupling economic cultural

development

development;

each

with socio

person,

each

household striving for prosperity for themselves, for communities and the country, earning a

63

legitimate income and raising their standards of living . To care for and protect the interests of people of all strata, to ensure social justice . To respect and promote the role of prominent and prestigious persons within communities, ethnic groups and religions, etc.

it

With regards to the working class, to develop quantitatively, qualitatively and

organisationally; to raise workers ' political consciousness as well as educational and professional levels to make them the leading force in the cause of national industrialisation and modernisation. To create jobs, to minimise the rates of underemployed and unemployed workers. To implement policies and laws on labour, wages, social insurance, health insurance, unemployment insurance, labour protection, health care and rehabilitation for workers; to adopt preferential housing policies for highly skilled

workers .

To

organise

trade

union

organisations and increase their membership in production and business establishments in all economic sectors . To continuously care for the material and

spiritual

lives

and protect the

legitimate interests of workers and labourers, paying

particular

industrial

parks

attention and

big

to cities .

workers To

in

attach

importance to training cadres and recruiting Party members among outstanding workers. With regards to the peasantry, to bring into play its important role in the process of renewal as well as agricultural and rural industrialisation and modernisation. To accelerate rural economic restructuring, to introduce advanced technologies

64

in agriculture and in rural areas . To effectively implement policies on land . To create favourable conditions for farmers to shift to industrial production and service farmers to

co-operate

work. with

To

encourage

enterprises,

co

operatives and farm owners in order to develop and stabilise production and improve their lives. To increase efficiency of land use and consumption of farm products . To support and encourage peasants in learning new skills and and receiving applying scientific and technological achievements. With regards to intellectuals, to bring into play their intellect and capabilities to broaden their access to information, promote democracy, to put scholars in important positions. To encourage intellectuals and scientists to invent and innovate. To protect intellectual property rights, to honour the contributions of intellectuals in national development. To attach importance to the role of consultancy and counter-statements within scientific and technical associations, social science and literature and art associations dealing with economic, cultural and social development projects. With regards to business people, to create conditions for them to bring into full play their potential and role in production and business. development; to expand domestic and overseas investment;

to

create jobs

for labourers; to

improve product quality; to create and preserve Vietnamese brands.

With regards to the young generations, to continuously educate them in politics, traditions,

65

ideals, morality and ways of living; to create favourable conditions for young people to study, work, relax, develop their physical and intellectual abilities and contribute to national construction and defence. To encourage youth to study and improve their professional and self employment skills . To attach importance to the fostering of cadres and youth in the armed forces, to provide employment when they fulfil their military service . To create conditions for talented youth to study overseas and return to serve the country.

To

attract youth

and

children

into

organisations sponsored by the Hồ Chí Minh Communist Youth Union on a wide scale. With regards to women, to enhance their knowledge in all domains, improve their material and

spiritual lives, and to practice gender equality. To create conditions for women to

perform their roles as citizens, working people, mothers, and first teachers of men. To provide training for women so that they may participate further in social activities and managerial bodies at all levels . To care for and protect the health of mothers and children. To supplement and complete policies on labour protection, social insurance and maternity leave and other policies on women labourers .

To

resolutely

struggle

against social evils and acts that harm the dignity of women.

With regards to war veterans, to promote the “Bộ đội Cụ Hồ ” (Uncle Hồ’s soldiers ) tradition of actively participating in building and protecting the Party, the administration and the socialist system. To encourage veterans to assist

66

one

another in improving their lives, eliminating hunger and alleviating poverty, and to contribute to the imparting of patriotism and revolutionary heroism

among

the

young

generations;

to

implement the Regulations on Democracy at the battle bureaucracy , Grassroots Level; to corruption, wastefulness

and

social

evils; to

participate in building and consolidating political bases, building the Party and administration at the grassroots levels. With regards to the elderly, to care for their health and create conditions for them to enjoy cultural

products,

to

be

provided

with

information, and to live a happy and healthy life. To bring into play the elderly's intellect and experiences in life, work, combat and family. To build families where "grandparents and parents are exemplary and grandchildren and children are dutiful." To assist those without family in surmounting difficulties in life. The question of ethnicity and ethnic unity occupies a long-term strategic position in our country's revolutionary cause. The nationalities within the great Vietnamese family are equal to, united and respectful of one another for common progress. To join efforts in successfully achieving industrialisation and modernisation, building and defending the socialist Vietnamese Homeland . To develop the economy, care for material and spiritual lives,

eliminate

hunger and

reduce

poverty, to educate, to raise people's intellectual level, preserve and promote cultural identities, languages, scripts and the unique traditions of ethnic groups. To implement strategies on socio

67

economic development in mountainous, remote and border regions, and former revolutionary bases; to implement settled farming and living and the construction of new economic zones . To conduct population planning, redistribution and associating rearrangement, economic development

with

security

and

defence

maintenance. To consolidate and improve the quality of the

grassroots

political system in

regions inhabited by ethnic minority people; to mobilise and bring into full play the role of prominent people within ethnic groups . To prioritise the fostering and training of ethnic minority officials

and

intellectuals .

Officials

working in ethnic minority and mountainous regions must maintain close contact with and understand the customs, practices and languages of ethnic minority people and battle racial bias, discrimination and separation. Religious followers constitute an important section of the great national unity. To consistently pursue a policy of respect for and protection of citizens' rights to freedom of belief, religion and non-religious belief, to participate in religious activities according to the law. To unite people of different faiths, religious followers with those who are not religious. To bring into play the cultural and moral values of religions . To mobilise and

assist

religious

followers

and

dignitaries to "have a good social life and a good religious life". To protect religious organisations in operating according to the law. To implement development programmes , socio-economic improve the

68

material

and

cultural lives

of

I

religious followers. To intensify the fostering and training of those performing religious work. To struggle against superstitious activities and acts of religious

abuse

that

harm the

common

interests of the country or violate citizens ' rights to religious freedom.

Vietnamese

Overseas

inseparable

section

and

constitute

resource

of

an

the

Vietnamese nation, as well as an important factor contributing to

co-operation

and

friendship

between our people and the peoples of other nations. The State creates favourable conditions and renders support for overseas compatriots while observing the laws of host countries and protecting their legitimate interests . To adopt policies to encourage Vietnamese people and intellectuals overseas to return to the homeland and contribute to the nation's construction; to commend and reward those who make great contributions to the Homeland . The Việt Nam Fatherland Front and mass organisations play an extremely important role in rallying, campaigning and uniting people of all strata; representing the people's legitimate rights and interests; enacting policies of the Party and the

State

on the

economy,

culture,

society,

national defence, security programmes into life, and building social consensus. The State shall promulgate mechanisms for the Front and mass organisations to perform social supervisory roles and gather public feedback. Party committees and administrations at all levels shall formulate regulations on direct contact and dialogues with the people; regularly listen to the

69

opinions of the Front and mass organisations proposed by the

people,

participate

in the

formation of programmes, policies and law. To implement the Law on the Việt Nam Fatherland Front and the Regulation on Democracy at all levels to allow the Front, mass organisations and people of all strata to participate in building the Party, administration and political system. To renew and improve the quality of the operations of the Front, mass organisations and associations,

to

reduce

bureaucracy

and

ceremonial pomp; to implement mass campaigns in a manner that respects the people, closeness with the people, towards the people.

reflects

shows responsibility

XI. PROMOTING DEMOCRACY, CONTINUING TO BUILD AND PERFECT A SOCIALIST STATE RULED BY LAW

1. To promote democracy A socialist democracy is the objective and motivation of renewal, national construction and defence, and represents the close relationship between the Party, the State and the people. The State acts as representative of the people's right to mastery and at the same time the organiser of the implementation

of the

Party's

political

guidelines and policies. The guidelines and policies of the Party and laws of the State are for the interests of the people and are built with the people's contribution of opinions . To build a democratic society in which officials, Party members and functionaries are

70

servants of the people. To formulate procedures and mechanisms to allow the people to exercise their democratic rights in economic, political, cultural and social domains . To heighten the responsibility of the Party's organisations and the State towards the people. The State apparatus and other institutions in the political system have the task of submitting proposals to the

Party

regarding

the

development

and

organization of the implementation of the Party's guidelines and policies.

2.

To continue building and perfecting a

socialist State governed by law To build mechanisms for the operation of a socialist State ruled by law, ensuring that all state powers belong to the people; the State powers are unified with responsibilities and co-ordination being divided among agencies in the legislative, executive and judiciary sectors. To perfect the legal

system,

improving

the

clarity

and

enforceability of provisions in legal documents. To formulate, perfect mechanisms that allow inspection and supervision of constitutionality, legality in the operations and decisions of state power bodies. To continue renewing the organisation and operation of the National Assembly. To perfect the improve to mechanisms election qualifications of National Assembly deputies; to rationally increase the number of National Assembly deputies operating on a full-time basis, bringing into play the role of National Assembly deputies and delegations of deputies . To eorganise a

number of National

Assembly

71

Committees, to improve the performance of the Nationality

quality Council

and and

National Assembly Committees . To further renew the law-making processes and reduce promulgation of ordinances. To improve work of deciding important issues of the country and supreme supervisory functions.

To accelerate administrative reform, renewing the organisation and operation of the Government towards building a unified and modern administration .

To

codify the

structure

and

organisation of the Government, to organise multi branch or multi-domain managing agencies to ensure

their

efficiency.

To

effect

vigorous

decentralisation and promote further authority for local

administrations,

particularly

in budget,

finance, investment, human resources and financial obligations toward the central government. To build a clean, strong, democratic and strict judicial sector that protects justice and human rights . To speed up the Judicial Reform strategy within the 2020 target date. To conduct judicial

reform

in

an

expeditious

and

comprehensive manner, focusing on adjudicative activities and the adoption of a mechanism to link prosecution and investigative activities. To work judgement mechanisms for out constitutional violations in legislative, executive and judiciary activities.

and

To improve the quality of People's Councils ensuring People's Committees, the

independence

and

responsibility

of

local

administrations within their decentralised scope. To promote the supervisory role of People's Councils.

72

To rationally organise local administrations, re defining the jurisdiction of administrations in rural areas, urban centres and islands.

To take measures to reorganise the apparatus and regulations on the structure and operation of functionaries. To and agencies, officials restructure

the

contingent

of

officials

and

functionaries , and train them according to their capabilities and moral qualities. To implement liability in nominating and appointing persons to leading positions following the direction that leaders

recommend

shall

deputies, that

direct

their

employers

respective shall

make

recommendations to competent authorities for consideration and decision. To adopt mechanisms to

timely

remove

from

office

unqualified,

ineffective or corrupt functionaries . 3. To resolutely prevent and fight corruption and wastefulness The Party, political system and society must have the political

determination to

combat

corruption and wastefulness. To supplement and perfect mechanisms and regulations on financial economic management, on management of public properties, state budgets, funds contributed by people and provided as aid by foreign countries, on

mechanisms

of

inspection,

supervision,

examination, inventory and control . To accelerate administrative reform, to

implement people's

supervisory mechanisms via representatives, direct or indirect, over over Party members, functionaries, agencies and units. To ensure the transparency of economic and financial activities in administrative bodies, public service units and

73

State enterprises. To continue reviewing salaries for officials,

functionaries,

and

other

public

employees. To quickly and strictly implement the Anti Corruption Law and the Law on Thrift and Waste Combat. To supplement and perfect the Law on Complaints and Denunciations . To resolutely, publicly and in a timely manner deal with corrupt persons regardless of their position, of whether they are incumbent or have retired, confiscating properties originating from

corruption,

with those

who cover up

corruption, deliberately obstruct the fight against corruption or take

advantage

of denouncing

corruption to slander and harm other persons, and undermine internal unity. To adopt mechanisms to encourage and protect persons who

actively

fight

against

corruption

and

negative phenomena. To commend and hold up as examples those who practise thrift, integrity, righteousness and selflessness.

To perfect the mechanism of democracy, implementing the Regulation on Democracy at the Grassroots; to promote the role of people elected bodies, the Fatherland Front, socio political

organisations

and

the

people

in

supervisory work; to struggle against corrupt phenomena. To boost international co-operation in the fight against corruption. Party committees and

organisations,

state

bodies, mass organisations, and leading officials, particularly high-ranking officials, must personally lead the fight against corruption and waste.

74

XII - RENEWING AND RECTIFYING THE PARTY, IMPROVING ITS LEADERSHIP AND COMBAT CAPACITY The Communist Party of Việt Nam is the vanguard of the working class as well as of working people and the Vietnamese nation. The Party is the loyal representative of the interests of the working class, the working people and the nation. In the years ahead, to devote greater efforts to

markedly

promoting working

the

class

Party

improving

tradition,

revolutionary character

building,

the

and

the

vanguard

characters of the Party; to build our Party into a politically, ideologically and organisationally strong and pure system, achieving unity and unanimity, closely tied to the people, leading scientifically, possessing a contingent of qualified and capable Party officials and members. This is the

crucial key task of the

Party,

and the

revolutionary cause of the people.

1. To improve the Party's political capacity and intellectual levels To be persistent in Marxism-Leninism, Hồ Chí Minh Thought, and the objectives of national independence and socialism. To creatively apply and

develop Marxism-Leninism and

Hồ

Chí

Minh Thought in the activities of the Party. To regularly review the situation, supplementing and developing theories and properly addressing difficulties that arise. To raise the intellectual level of the Party and the quality of its theoretical studies; to continue

75

clarifying matters concerning socialism and our country's path towards socialism; to clarify the theoretical and practical aspects of the Party's new guidelines and policies. To renew political and ideological education within the Party, particularly among leading and managerial cadres at all levels, to review and renew curricula and teaching methods in political schools, improving practicality and efficiency of educational programmes.

To consolidate and improve the quality of agencies specialising in ideological work. theoretical To quantitatively qualitatively

enhance

contingent

the

and and of

ideologists and theoreticians, particularly those in key positions. To simultaneously carry out ideological and theoretical work linked to organisational and personnel work and economic development; to fight ideological, political and moral degradation. To resolutely try to protect the Party's policies and viewpoints; to criticise and reject wrong and hostile viewpoints. 2. To consolidate and renew the operations of grassroots Party organisations,

improving the

quality of Party members Each grassroots Party organisation has the responsibility of organising and rallying its all out strength for the fulfilment of political tasks; to

educate

politically

and

ideologically,

to

manage and oversee Party members; to fight against negative manifestations within the Party. To improve the within Party cells .

76

quality of activities

To

Party

grassroots

consolidate

organisations. To define the legal status and institutionalise the roles, functions and tasks of the various grassroots

organisations . To

pay

attention to the building of grassroots Party organisations enterprises,

in

stock

enterprises,

foreign-invested

private

enterprises,

in

mountainous and remote regions. To focus on strengthening weak organisations . To build a contingent of leading, exemplary disciplined and capable Party members with revolutionary qualities and virtue who persevere with the working class's standpoints, who are striving for Party ideals and objectives, and are dynamic, creative and steadfast in the face of difficulties. Party members undertaking private business must abide by State law and policies, the Party's Statutes

and the

Party

Central

Committee's

specific regulations. To work out regulations, thereon to direct the

implementation

thereof,

promotion of Party members' economic

activities

while

ensuring

the

capabilities

upholding

in

their

qualifications and the Party's characteristics. To assign the

appropriate work to the

appropriate Party member, creating conditions. for them to accomplish their tasks . To regularly practice criticism and self-criticism of Party activities. To mobilise the masses to supervise and offer opinions on Party members. To promptly expel unqualified persons from the Party.

77

To improve the quality of Party members by improving

the

quality

of

grassroots

Party

organisations . To enhance and ensure quality Party membership recruitment. To attach importance to rejuvenating and raising the number of Party members, taking their ethics as a basis,

and

fostering their intellect and capabilities to fulfil the tasks of vanguard leadership in their assignments.

3.

To seriously observe the principle of

democratic

centralism

within

the

Party; to

strengthen ties between the Party and the people; to improve the quality and efficiency of inspection and supervision work To couple the promotion of democracy with the maintenance of discipline within the Party. Every Party official and member has the right to participate in deciding the Party's affairs; the right to be supplied with information, to argue, to put forward personal opinions, to reserve their opinions within the organisation; when the Party has adopted a resolution, to speak and act in accordance with the resolution.

The leadership at all levels must listen to the opinions of their subordinates, of Party members and of the people. To formulate a regulation on the issuance of Party decisions, ensuring the promotion of collective wisdom; to work out mechanisms to allow the people to express their opinions on major decisions, and participate in the Party's affairs; to redress bureaucratic and ineffective working methods.

of

78

To finalise regulations that ensure the right inspect and supervise to collectives

individuals ,

organisations

to

supervise

organisations , and individuals to supervise individuals and organisations, including key leaders and senior organisations . To link the Party's internal

supervision with the State's

supervision and the people's supervision. To

formulate

supervision

and

regulation

on

counter-statements

Fatherland Front, and the people

a

social of the

organisations

socio-political regarding the

formation

of

guidelines, programmes, policies and major decisions of the Party and the organisation of the implementation thereof, including organisational and personnel work. To renew inspection methods and entrust more supervisory functions to Party inspection committees at all levels. To intensify inspection, prevention. To formulate a regulation that will assist co-ordination between the Party Inspection Commission and the Government Inspectorate .

4. To renew organisation, personnel work To

reorganise

and

apparatus and

renew

the

Party's

organisation and apparatus, particularly Party Commissions, the Party Caucus Commission, and Party Committees at the central and local levels in association with the consolidation of the

!

organisation and apparatus of State bodies, the Front and mass organisations to ensure their efficiency. To address overlaps in agencies and their leaders' unclear functions, tasks, powers

14

and responsibilities. To organise capable Party advisory bodies while promoting the role of

79

Party

organisations,

cadres

and

members

operating within State bodies, the Front and mass organisations . To improve the enhance recommendations ,

working quality

methods and to research , of

consultancy,

guidance

and

inspection of Party advisory bodies. To intensify co-ordination

between

local

Party

Caucus

Commissions and local Party committees. Officials

must possess

excellent political

qualities, be absolutely loyal to the Homeland, the Party, and wholeheartedly strive for the interests of the people and the nation. They must possess a firm political will and remain steadfast in the face of difficulties, have the capabilities to fulfil their assigned tasks, possess exemplary morals, have a high sense of organisation and discipline, respect the collective and connect with the people . To build a compatible , reasonable contingent of high-quality officials, to prepare a contingent of steadfast successors to replace leading officials. To pay attention to the training of female officials, ethnic minority officials, officials from the working class, and experts in various domains, to foster talent according to planned orientations. To attach special importance to the building of a contingent of high-ranking officials. To vigorously renew personnel work to ensure it is carried out in a truly democratic, scientific and just manner. To formulate and perfect election processes and mechanisms to appoint and release officials, to expand the right

80

to nominate candidates and stand for candidacy, to suggest different personnel options. To formulate mechanisms and policies that ensure the fostering, recruitment, training, employment and preferential treatment of virtuous and talented persons, to promptly replace those who are unqualified and commit serious mistakes.

To

resolutely

individualism,

overcome

departmentalism, partiality and subjectivity, as well as indulgence and arbitrariness in personnel work. To

concretise

principle that

and

institutionalise

the

Party uniformly leads personnel

work and manages officials while bringing into play the role, powers and responsibilities of organisations and their heads within the political system. 5. To renew the modes of Party leadership

Renewal of the modes of Party leadership must be carried out in line with renewal of the organisation and

operation

of the

political

system, and with economic renewal; the principle of democratic centralism must be strictly observed in the organisation, activities of the Party.

operation and

To concentrate on the renewal of the mode of Party leadership over the State. The Party leads the State through guidelines, viewpoints and resolutions; its leadership is institutionalised in the

Constitution,

laws,

plans

and

major

programmes of the State; it arranges the right cadre to the right task and regularly inspects the implementation thereof.

81

The Party exercises its leadership but does not take upon itself the business of the State; on the contrary, it strongly promotes the proactive and creative role of the State in managing the country and society. To

expeditiously

formulate

and

perfect

specific legal documents on the principles, contents and mechanisms of Party leadership over the State in the legislative, executive and judiciary sectors, and at each level, according to the State organisation . To

renew

Party

leadership

over

the

Fatherland Front and mass organisations, creating conditions for the Front and mass organisations to identify the correct objectives and orientations for their activities, at the same time promoting their independence

and

creativity

in building and

renewing their respective organisations. The

Party

exerts

concerted

leadership

regarding personnel work and the management of the cadre contingent within the political system, effecting the rotation of officials and overcoming departmentalism. To enhance the responsibility of officials and Party members as heads of State bodies. Where agencies violate policies and law and allow corruption and internal disunity to occur, their leaders must bear responsibility. The renewal of leadership modes must be associated with the adoption of working methods that are democratic and practical, with words matching deeds.

82

Our country continues to strongly develop. The world is witnessing rapid changes. Our country must soon become an industrialised, modern

nation nation..

Our

people

must

enjoy

prosperous, free and happy lives.

The 10th Party Congress upholds the steadfast will of the entire Party, population and army; with millions as one, dynamically and creatively seizing challenges and

opportunities, surmounting determinedly conducting

comprehensive and vigorous renewal along the socialist path with a view to achieving the target of "a rich people, a strong country, an equitable, democratic and civilised society," standing shoulder to shoulder with other nations in the continuous march forward of our time.

833

"

RESOLUTION BY THE 10TH NATIONAL CONGRESS OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF VIỆT NAM

10th

The

National

Congress

of

the

Communist Party of Việt Nam, which took place on 18-25 April 2006 in Hà Nội, hereby DECIDES 1. To approve the Political Report, Report on Orientations and Tasks for Socio -Economic Development for the Five-Year Period 2006-2010, and Report on the Work of Party Building submitted by the Party Central Committee to the Congress;

entrust

the

10th

Party

Central

Committee on the basis of the result of voting and conclusions completing the

by the reports

Congress, with officially and

promulgating them.

2.

To

approve

the

amended

and

supplemented Statute of the Communist Party of Việt Nam in its entirety . 3. To authorize the 10th Party Central Committee and Party cells and organizations at different levels to design specific programs and plans

of

action

aimed

at

successfully

implementing the guidelines and policies put forth in the Congress documents.

85

The

National

10th

Congress

of

the

Communist Party of Việt Nam calls on the entire Party, people and army to uphold revolutionary heroism, bring into play the glorious traditions of the entire Party and nation, persevere with the objectives

of

socialism, stay

national

independence

dynamic

and

creative,

and grasp

opportunities, overcome challenges, strive for successful realization of the 10th Party Congress Resolution, enhance the leadership capacity and fighting power of the Party, promote the aggregate strength of the entire nation, accelerate the renewal process comprehensively, soon bring the country out of the state of underdevelopment, and translate

into

reality the

motto:

"a rich

population, a strong country, and an equitable, democratic and advanced society."

Hà Nội, 25 April 2006 The 10th National Congress of the Communist Party of Việt Nam

86

CLOSING SPEECH BY SECRETARY GENERAL NÔNG ĐỨC MẠNH

Distinguished Presidium, Distinguished comrades and guests, Distinguished delegates to the Congress, After serious, hard working days with a high sense of responsibility before the entire Party and population, the 10th National Congress of the Party has concluded completely its set agenda. The Congress has discussed and approved important

documents

including the

Political

Report, Report on Orientations and Tasks for Socio-Economic Development for the Five- Year Period 2006-2010, Report on the Work of Party Building, and the amended and supplemented Statute of the Communist Party of Việt Nam. The Congress has elected the Party Central composed of comrades who are

Committee

representative of the 3.1 million Party members and possess sufficient qualifications, skills and abilities

to

shoulder

major

responsibilities

entrusted by the Party and population.

Dear comrades, The documents approved at this Congress represent the

fruits

of the

intelligence

and

87

determination of the entire Party and population. They provide a thorough practical and theoretical sum-up of the twenty years of renewal for continued improvement

and development of renewal-related guidelines and viewpoints in our country's current revolutionary period. The Congress has shown that our Party is greatly determined to lead the Party and the entire nation and army, in the time to come, to

strive to "strengthen the leadership capacity and promote Party, of the fighting . power comprehensively the renewal process, and soon bring the country out of the state of underdevelopment" and create solid foundations for our country to become basically a modern, industrialized one by 2020. To that end, the Congress has made important policy decisions covering all fundamental and critical areas development and national concerning construction and safeguarding of the socialist Vietnamese Motherland. The Congress has set forth enormous tasks to further the Party's rectification and renewal, raise its intellectual, political and moral standards, and build it into one Party that is truly clean and strong

in

political, ideological and organizational terms, highly united and closely connected with the population, and that possesses scientifically grounded methods of leadership and a morally and professionally qualified personnel. We attach special importance to measures that effectively promote socialist democracy, establish a solid political system and carry out concertedly the prevention and fight against corruption,

88

wastefulness and bureaucracy , thereby making our apparatus transparent and healthy. We are determined to create visible changes and strive for better results in the fulfillment of the central task of Party building, thus making our Party deserve being the vanguard of the Vietnamese working class, laboring people and the Vietnamese nation and a loyal representative of their interests. Given the above-mentioned results, we are pleased to

report to the

entire

Party and

population that the 10th National Congress of the Communist Party of Việt Nam has concluded successfully.

Dear comrades, At this 10th Party Congress, a good number of members of the 9th Party Central Committee, Politburo and Secretariat did not stand for the 10th Party Central Committee so as to provide opportunities to rejuvenate the Party leadership in its coming office . The Congress highly appreciates their contributions over the past time, wishes them good health and happiness and hopes that they will continue to contribute their ability,

intelligence

and

experience

to

the

common cause of the Party and population. With its assigned responsibility before the Party and population, the 10th Party Central Committee elected by the Congress is committed to doing its best, reaching unity of mind and striving constantly to improve its mettle, intellect and moral standards in the joint effort with the entire Party, people and army to implement successfully the Congress ' Resolution.

89

The Congress extends a warm welcome and sincere gratitude Heroic

Mothers

to

veteran Việt

of

revolutionaries, Nam,

patriotic

personalities, intellectuals, religious dignitaries, people and soldiers from across the country and overseas Vietnamese communities who, with their sentiments

and

sense

of responsibility

before the Party and nation, have provided sincere and frank input for the preparation of the Congress documents, have made every effort to record achievements in honor of the Congress, and

have

sent

to

it

greeting

letters

and

telegraphs .

The Congress sincerely thanks communist parties, workers and ruling parties of various countries as well as international organizations for their greeting telegraphs showing their great friendship and solidarity with our Party and people. The Congress sincerely thanks news and press agencies at home and abroad for their presence at this coverage of it.

function and their

timely

The Congress appreciates and thanks all the cadres, soldiers, workers and civil servants for their devoted services to the Congress , thereby contributing actively to its success.

Dear comrades, The success of the 10th National Congress of the Party strongly encourages the entire Party, population and army to

make

use

of any

opportunity, overcome any challenge and carry out stronger, more comprehensive and concerted

90

renewal and achieve faster and more sustainable national development. Following the Congress, Party organizations must conduct a close study of the

adopted

guidelines

and

viewpoints,

popularize widely among the entire Party and population the results of the Congress, design specific plans for translating its Resolution into documents everyday life and the into revolutionary actions of the entire Party, people and army, so as to create strong and effective changes in all areas in the very early months and years of the five-year (2006-2010) plan.

The Congress calls on the entire Party, army and people at home and abroad to uphold the glorious traditions of the Party and nation, highlight the sense of patriotism and self- reliance and make every effort to implement successfully the Congress ' Resolution in order to bring our country soon out of the state of underdevelopment, and make it advance strongly industrialization path the of on and modernization for the goal of "a rich population, a strong country and an equitable, democratic and advanced society." With profound belief in the bright future of the country, I hereby declare the closing of the 10th National Congress of the Communist Party of Việt Nam . Long live the Communist Party of Việt Nam! Long live the Socialist Republic of Việt Nam! Great President Hồ Chí Minh will live forever in our cause !

91

THE PARTY'S LEADERSHIP

R inob

BIOGRAPHY OF HE MR.NÔNG ĐỨC MẠNH, SECRETARY-GENERAL OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF VIỆT NAM

HE Mr. Nông Đức Mạnh was born on 11 September 1940 in Cường Lợi village , Na Rì district , Bắc Cạn province , into a peasant, Tày ethnic family.

Work history 1958-1961 : Student

at

the

Central

Agriculture and Forestry High School, Hà Nội.

1962-1963: Forestry worker, forest surveyor, Bắc Cạn Foresty Service .

95

Became a member of the Communist Part of Việt Nam in 1963 . 1963-1965: Assistant Manager of the Bạch Thông Wood Production Team . 1966-1971: Student at the Leningrad Institute of Forestry.

1972-1973: Vice-Chairman of the Inspection Committee , Bắc Thái Foresty Service . 1973-1974 : Director

Forest

Lương

of

Phú

at

Nguyễn

Company , Bắc Thái . 1974-1976: Student

Ái

Quốc

Advanced Party School. 1976-1980: Member of the

Party

Central'

Committee of Bắc Thái province, Deputy Director of Bắc Thái Forestry Department and Director of Forestry

Construction Company, and Director of Bắc Thái Forestry Department. 1980-1983: Member

of the

Party

then

Central

Committee of Bắc Thái province , Vice Chairman of the People's Committee of Bắc Thái province. 1984-October 1986:

Vice Secretary

of the

Party Central Committee of Bắc Thái province, Chairman of the People's Committee of Bắc Thái province.

November 1986-February 1989: Secretary of the Party Central Committee of Bắc Thái province. December 1986 : Alternate member of the 6th Central Committee of the Communist Party of Việt Nam . March 1989: Full member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Việt Nam.

96

August 1989: Chairman Committee for Ethnic Issues.

of the

Central

November 1989: Member of the 8th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Việt Nam, Vice Chairman of the National Assembly Central Committee for Ethnic Issues. June 1991 : Member of the Politburo of the 7th Party Central Committee.

September

1992:

Chairman

of the

9th

National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Việt Nam . June 1996: Member of the Politburo of the 8th Party Central Committee.

September 1997:

Chairman

of the

10th

National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Việt Nam . January

1998 :

Standing

member of the

Politburo of the 8th Party Central Committee . April 2001 : Elected Secretary-General of the 9th Party Central Committee (2001-2006) at the 9th National Congress of the Communist Party of Việt Nam . April 2006: Elected Secretary-General of the 10th Party Central Committee (2006-2010) at the 10th National Congress of the Communist Party of Việt Nam.

97

THE POLITBURO OF THE 10TH CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF VIỆT NAM

T

an

500

****

Bainb Nông Đức Mạnh

Lê Hồng Anh

taro

Nguyễn Tấn Dũng lại isnota

ti malugiy

Nguyễn Minh Triết

Trương Tấn Sang

Nguyễn Phú Trọng

HOUSE

TAVONO

Phạm Gia Khiêm

Phùng Quang Thanh

id

Lê Thanh Hải

16

Trương Vĩnh Trọng

novu

THAT Nguyễn Sinh Hùng Nguyễn Văn Chi

1

SH THE

Hồ Đức Việt

Phạm Quang Nghị

THE SECRETARIAT AND THE CENTRAL CONTROL COMMITTEE OF THE 10TH CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF VIỆT NAM

The Secretariat:

- Nông Đức Mạnh - Trương Tấn Sang · Trương Vĩnh Trọng · Nguyễn Văn Chi Phạm Quang Nghị

- Lê Văn Dũng - Tòng Thị Phóng - Tô Huy Rứa

The Central Control Committee :

- Nguyễn Văn Chi - Nguyễn Thị Doan - Trần Văn Truyền - Phạm Thị Hải Chuyền Trần Hòa Phạm Chí Hòa - Phạm Thị Hòe - Lê Hồng Liêm

- Lê Văn Giảng - Nguyễn Văn Đảm -- Sa Như Hòa - Nguyễn Minh Quang - Bùi Văn Thể - Tô Quang Thu Chairman : Nguyễn Văn Chi

100

NHÀ XUẤT BẢN THẾ GIỚI 46 Trần Hưng Đạo, Hà Nội , Việt Nam Tel: 84.4.8253841- Fax: 84.4.8269578 Email: [email protected]

Website: www.thegioipublishers.com.vn

ĐẠI HỘI ĐẠI BIỂU TOÀN QUỐC ĐẢNG CỘNG SẢN VIỆT NAM LẦN THỨ X ( Trích văn kiện )

Chịu trách nhiệm xuất bản TRẦN ĐOÀN LÂM

Biên tập:

Đoàn Lâm

Trình bày bìa: Sửa bản in :

Huyền Trang

Kỹ thuật vi tính :

Phạm Đức Hoàng

Bùi Kim Tuyến

In 1.200 bản khổ 11 x 20cm , tại Trung tâm CNTT - Chế bản và in , NXB Thế Giới. Số đăng ký kế hoạch xuất bản 315-2006 /CXB /9-71 /ThG cấp ngày 27/4/2006. In xong và nộp lưu chiểu Quý III năm 2006 .

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