Chalcidoidea of Iran (Insecta - Hymenoptera) 1789248469, 9781789248463

Table of contents :
Cover
Chalcidoidea of Iran
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
IntroductionHassan Ghahari, Gary A.P. Gibson and Gennaro Viggiani
References
1 Family Agaonidae Walker, 1846
Checklist of Iranian AGAONIDAE Walker, 1846
Subfamily Agaoninae Walker, 1846
Genus Eupristina Saunders, 1882
Genus Elisabethiella Grandi, 1928
Genus Platyscapa Motschulsky, 1863
Subfamily Blastophaginae Kirchner, 1867
Genus Blastophaga Gravenhorst, 1829
Subfamily Kradibiinae Rasplus and van Noort, 2010
Genus Ceratosolen Mayr, 1885
References
2 Family Aphelinidae Thomson, 1876
Checklist of Iranian APHELINIDAE Thomson, 1876
Subfamily Aphelininae Thomson, 1876
Genus Aphelinus Dalman, 1820
Genus Aphytis Howard, 1900
Genus Centrodora Förster, 1878
Genus Marietta Motschulsky, 1863
Genus Proaphelinoides Girault, 1917
Genus Protaphelinus Mackauer, 1972
Subfamily Calesinae Mercet, 1929
Genus Cales Howard, 1907
Subfamily Coccophaginae Förster, 1878
Genus Coccobius Ratzeburg, 1852
Genus Coccophagus Westwood, 1833
Genus Diaspiniphagus Silvestri, 1927
Genus Encarsia Förster, 1878
Genus Pteroptrix Westwood, 1833
Subfamily Eretmocerinae Shafee and Khan, 1978
Genus Eretmocerus Haldeman, 1850
Species excluded from the fauna of Iran
Genus Aphelinus Dalman, 1820
Genus Coccobius Ratzeburg, 1852
Genus Coccophagus Westwood, 1833
Genus Encarsia Förster, 1878
References
3 Family Azotidae Nikol’skaya and Yasnosh, 1966
Checklist of Iranian AZOTIDAE Nikol’skaya and Yasnosh, 1966
Genus Ablerus Howard, 1894
Species excluded from the fauna of Iran
Genus Ablerus Howard, 1894
References
4 Family Chalcididae Latreille, 1817
Checklist of Iranian CHALCIDIDAE Latreille, 1817
Subfamily Chalcidinae Latreille, 1817
Genus Brachymeria Westwood, 1829
Genus Chalcis Fabricius, 1787
Genus Conura Spinola, 1837
Genus Cratocentrus Cameron, 1907
Genus Trigonura Sichel, 1866
Subfamily Dirhininae Ashmead, 1904
Genus Dirhinus Dalman, 1818
Subfamily Epitraninae Burks, 1936
Genus Epitranus Walker, 1834
Subfamily Haltichellinae Ashmead, 1904
Genus Anachalcis Steffan, 1951
Genus Antrocephalus Kirby, 1883
Genus Belaspidia Masi, 1916
Genus Bucekia Steffan, 1951
Genus Euchalcis Dufour, 1861
Genus Haltichella Spinola, 1811
Genus Hockeria Walker, 1834
Genus Kriechbaumerella Dalla Torre, 1897
Genus Lasiochalcidia Masi, 1929
Genus Neochalcis Kirby, 1883
Genus Neohybothorax Nikol’skaya, 1960
Genus Proconura Dodd, 1915
Genus Psilochalcis Kieffer, 1905
Genus Tanycoryphus Cameron, 1905
References
5 Family Encyrtidae Walker, 1837
Checklist of Iranian ENCYRTIDAE Walker, 1837
Subfamily Tetracneminae Howard, 1892
Genus Aenasius Walker, 1846
Genus Anagyrus Howard, 1896
Genus Anusia Förster, 1856
Genus Apoleptomastix Kerrich, 1982
Genus Blepyrus Howard, 1898
Genus Callipteroma Motschulsky, 1863
Genus Charitopsis Trjapitzin, 1969
Genus Charitopus Förster, 1856
Genus Clausenia Ishii, 1923
Genus Coccidoxenoides Girault, 1915
Genus Dinocarsiella Mercet, 1921
Genus Dinocarsis Förster, 1856
Genus Dusmetia Mercet, 1921
Genus Ericydnus Haliday, 1832
Genus Gyranusoidea Compere, 1947
Genus Leptomastidea Mercet, 1916
Genus Leptomastix Förster, 1856
Genus Monodiscodes Hoffer, 1953
Genus Monstranusia Trjapitzin, 1964
Genus Paranathrix Myartseva, 1980
Genus Rhopus Förster, 1856
Genus Tetracnemoidea Howard, 1898
Genus Tetracnemus Westwood, 1837
Subfamily Encyrtinae Walker, 1837
Genus Adelencyrtus Ashmead, 1900
Genus Ageniaspis Dahlbom, 1857
Genus Anicetus Howard, 1896
Genus Aphycoides Mercet, 1921
Genus Aphycus Mayr, 1876
Genus Arrhenophagus Aurivillius, 1888
Genus Baeocharis Mayr, 1876
Genus Blastothrix Mayr, 1876
Genus Bothriothorax Ratzeburg, 1844
Genus Boucekiella Hoffer, 1954
Genus Cerapterocerus Westwood, 1833
Genus Cerchysiella Girault, 1914
Genus Cerchysius Westwood, 1832
Genus Cercobelus Walker, 1842
Genus Cheiloneurus Westwood, 1833
Genus Choreia Westwood, 1833
Genus Coelopencyrtus Timberlake, 1919
Genus Comperiella Howard, 1906
Genus Copidosoma Ratzeburg, 1844
Genus Discodes Förster, 1856
Genus Diversinervus Silvestri, 1915
Genus Echthroplexiella Mercet, 1921
Genus Encyrtus Latreille, 1809
Genus Eupoecilopoda Novicky and Hoffer, 1953
Genus Ginsiana Erdős and Novicky, 1955
Genus Habrolepis Förster, 1856
Genus Helegonatopus Perkins, 1906
Genus Heterococcidoxenus Ishii, 1940
Genus Homalotylus Mayr, 1876
Genus Hoplopsis De Stefani, 1889
Genus Isodromus Howard, 1887
Genus Ixodiphagus Howard, 1907
Genus Lamennaisia Girault, 1922
Genus Mahencyrtus Masi, 1917
Genus Mayridia Mercet, 1921
Genus Metaphycus Mercet, 1917
Genus Microterys Thomson, 1876
Genus Ooencyrtus Ashmead, 1900
Genus Paraphaenodiscus Girault, 1915
Genus Prionomitus Mayr, 1876
Genus Prochiloneurus Silvestri, 1915
Genus Psyllaephagus Ashmead, 1900
Genus Psyllaphycus Hayat, 1972
Genus Syrphophagus Ashmead, 1900
Genus Teleterebratus Compere and Zinna, 1955
Genus Thomsonisca Ghesquière, 1946
Genus Trechnites Thomson, 1876
Genus Trichomasthus Thomson, 1876
Genus Tyndarichus Howard, 1910
Genus Zaomma Ashmead, 1900
Species excluded from the fauna of Iran
Genus Homalotylus Mayr, 1876
Genus Metaphycus Mercet, 1917
Genus Monstranusia Trjapitzin, 1964
Genus Paranathrix Myartseva, 1980
Genus Rhopus Förster, 1856
References
6 Family Eriaporidae Ghesquière, 1955
Checklist of Iranian ERIAPORIDAE Ghesquière, 1955
Subfamily Eriaporinae Ghesquière, 1955
Genus Promuscidea Girault, 1917
Subfamily Euryischiinae Shafee, 1974
Genus Euryischia Riley, 1889
Genus Myiocnema Ashmead, 1900
References
7 Family Eucharitidae Walker, 1846
Checklist of Iranian EUCHARITIDAE Walker, 1846
Subfamily Eucharitinae Walker, 1846
Genus Eucharis Latreille, 1804
Genus Stilbula Spinola, 1811
References
8 Family Eulophidae Westwood, 1829
Checklist of Iranian EULOPHIDAE Westwood, 1829
Subfamily Entedoninae Förster, 1856
Genus Achrysocharoides Girault, 1913
Genus Asecodes Förster, 1856
Genus Ceranisus Walker, 1842
Genus Chrysocharis Förster, 1856
Genus Closterocerus Westwood, 1833
Genus Derostenus Westwood, 1833
Genus Entedon Dalman, 1820
Genus Euderomphale Girault, 1916
Genus Neochrysocharis Kurdjumov, 1912
Genus Omphale Haliday, 1833
Genus Pediobius Walker, 1846
Subfamily Entiinae Hedqvist, 1974
Genus Astichus Förster, 1856
Genus Euderus Haliday, 1844
Subfamily Eulophinae Westwood, 1812
Genus Aulogymnus Förster, 1851
Genus Cirrospilus Westwood, 1832
Genus Colpoclypeus Lucchese, 1941
Genus Dahlbominus Hincks 1945
Genus Diaulinopsis Crawford, 1912
Genus Dichatomus Förster, 1878
Genus Dicladocerus Westwood, 1832
Genus Diglyphus Walker, 1844
Genus Elachertus Spinola, 1811
Genus Elasmus Westwood, 1833
Genus Euplectrus Westwood, 1832
Genus Hemiptarsenus Westwood, 1833
Genus Hyssopus Girault, 1916
Genus Miotropis Thomson, 1878
Genus Necremnus Thomson, 1878
Genus Pnigalio Schrank, 1802
Genus Rhicnopelte Föster, 1878
Genus Stenomesius Westwood, 1833
Genus Sympiesis Förster, 1856
Genus Zagrammosoma Ashmead, 1904
Subfamily Tetrastichinae Förster, 1856
Genus Anaprostocetus Graham, 1987
Genus Apotetrastichus Graham, 1987
Genus Aprostocetus Westwood, 1833
Genus Baryscapus Förster, 1856
Genus Chouioia Yang, 1989
Genus Citrostichus Bouček, 1988
Genus Crataepus Förster, 1878
Genus Leptocybe Fisher and LaSalle, 2004
Genus Melittobia Westwood, 1848
Genus Minotetrastichus Kostjukov, 1977
Genus Neotrichoporoides Girault, 1913
Genus Oomyzus Rondani, 1870
Genus Pronotalia Gradwell, 1957
Genus Quadrastichus Girault, 1913
Genus Sigmophora Rondani, 1867
Genus Stepanovia Kostjukov, 2004
Genus Tamarixia Mercet, 1924
Genus Tetrastichus Haliday, 1844
Species excluded from the fauna of Iran
Genus Aprostocetus Westwood, 1833
Genus Euderomphale Girault, 1916
Genus Tetrastichus Haliday, 1844
References
9 Family Eupelmidae Walker, 1833
Checklist of Iranian EUPELMIDAE Walker, 1833
Subfamily Calosotinae Bouček, 1958
Genus Calosota Curtis, 1836
Genus Eusandalum Ratzeburg, 1852
Genus Pentacladia Westwood, 1835
Subfamily Eupelminae Walker, 1833
Genus Anastatus Motschulsky, 1859
Genus Arachnophaga Ashmead, 1896
Genus Brasema Cameron, 1884
Genus Calymmochilus Masi, 1919
Genus Eupelmus Dalman, 1820
Genus Merostenus Walker, 1837
Species excluded from the fauna of Iran
Genus Eupelmus Dalman, 1820
References
10 Family Eurytomidae Walker, 1832
Checklist of Iranian EURYTOMIDAE Walker, 1832
Subfamily Eudecatominae Claridge, 1969
Genus Sycophila Walker, 1871
Subfamily Eurytominae Walker, 1832
Genus Bruchophagus Ashmead, 1888
Genus Eurytoma Illiger, 1807
Genus Exeurytoma Burks, 1971
Genus Nikanoria Nikol’skaya, 1955
Genus Systole Walker, 1832
Subfamily Harmolitinae Ferrière, 1950
Genus Tetramesa Walker, 1848
Subfamily Rileyinae Ashmead, 1904
Genus Archirileya Silvestri, 1920
Species excluded from the fauna of Iran
Genus Tetramesa Walker, 1848
References
11 Family Leucospidae Walker, 1834
Checklist of Iranian LEUCOSPIDAE Walker, 1834
Genus Leucospis Fabricius, 1775
References
12 Family Megastigmidae Thomson, 1876
Checklist of Iranian MEGASTIGMIDAE Thomson, 1876
Genus Bootanomyia Girault, 1915
Genus Megastigmus Dalman, 1820
References
13 Family Mymaridae Haliday, 1833
Checklist of Iranian MYMARIDAE Haliday, 1833
Genus Alaptus Westwood, 1839
Genus Anagrus Haliday, 1833
Genus Anaphes Haliday, 1833
Genus Camptoptera Förster, 1856
Genus Cosmocomoidea Howard, 1908
Genus Erythmelus Enock, 1909
Genus Gonatocerus Nees, 1834
Genus Lymaenon Walker, 1846
Genus Litus Haliday, 1833
Genus Mymar Curtis, 1829
Genus Ooctonus Haliday, 1833
Genus Polynema Haliday, 1833
Genus Stephanodes Enock, 1909
Genus Stethynium Enock, 1909
References
14 Family Ormyridae Förster, 1856
Checklist of Iranian ORMYRIDAE Förster, 1856
Genus Ormyrus Westwood, 1832
References
15 Family Perilampidae Förster, 1856
Checklist of Iranian PERILAMPIDAE Förster, 1856
Subfamily Chrysolampinae Dalla Torre, 1898
Genus Brachyelatus Hoffer and Novicky, 1954
Genus Chrysolampus Spinola, 1811
Genus Chrysomalla Förster, 1859
Subfamily Perilampinae Förster, 1856
Genus Perilampus Latreille, 1809
Subfamily Philomidinae Ruschka, 1924
Genus Philomides Haliday, 1862
References
16 Family Pteromalidae Dalman, 1820
Checklist of Iranian PTEROMALIDAE Dalman, 1820
Subfamily Asaphinae Ashmead, 1904
Genus Asaphes Walker, 1834
Genus Hyperimerus Girault, 1917
Subfamily Cerocephalinae Gahan, 1946
Genus Cerocephala Westwood, 1832
Genus Theocolax Westwood, 1832
Subfamily Cleonyminae Walker, 1837
Genus Agrilocida Steffan, 1964
Genus Callocleonymus Masi, 1940
Genus Chalcedectus Walker, 1852
Genus Cleonymus Latreille, 1809
Genus Heydenia Förster, 1856
Genus Notanisus Walker, 1837
Genus Oodera Westwood, 1874
Genus Solenura Westwood, 1868
Subfamily Colotrechninae Thomson, 1876
Genus Colotrechnus Thomson, 1878
Subfamily Cratominae Ashmead, 1904
Genus Cratomus Dalman, 1820
Subfamily Diparinae Thomson, 1876
Genus Dipara Walker, 1833
Subfamily Eunotinae Ashmead, 1904
Genus Eunotus Walker, 1834
Genus Mesopeltita Ghesquière, 1946
Genus Moranila Cameron, 1883
Genus Scutellista Motschulsky, 1859
Subfamily Macromesinae Graham, 1959
Genus Macromesus Walker, 1848
Subfamily Miscogasterinae Walker, 1833
Genus Halticoptera Spinola, 1811
Genus Ksenoplata Bouček, 1965
Genus Miscogaster Walker, 1833
Genus Seladerma Walker, 1834
Genus Thektogaster Delucchi, 1955
Genus Thinodytes Graham, 1956
Genus Xestomnaster Delucchi, 1955
Subfamily Ormocerinae Walker, 1833
Genus Ormocerus Walker, 1834
Genus Systasis Walker, 1834
Subfamily Panstenoninae Erdős, 1955
Genus Panstenon (Walker, 1839)
Subfamily Pireninae Haliday, 1844
Genus Gastrancistrus Westwood, 1833
Genus Macroglenes Westwood, 1832
Genus Spathopus Ashmead, 1904
Subfamily Pteromalinae Dalman, 1820
Genus Ablaxia Delucchi, 1957
Genus Acrocormus Förster, 1856
Genus Anisopteromalus Ruschka, 1912
Genus Anogmus Förster, 1856
Genus Apsilocera Bouček, 1956
Genus Arthrolytus Thomson, 1878
Genus Bairamlia Waterston, 1929
Genus Caenacis Förster, 1856
Genus Caenocrepis Thomson, 1878
Genus Callitula Spinola, 1811
Genus Capellia Delucchi, 1958
Genus Catolaccus Thomson, 1878
Genus Cecidostiba Thomson, 1878
Genus Cheiropachus Westwood, 1829
Genus Chlorocytus Graham, 1956
Genus Coelopisthia Förster, 1856
Genus Conomorium Masi, 1924
Genus Coruna Walker, 1833
Genus Cyrtogaster Walker, 1833
Genus Cyrtoptyx Delucchi, 1956
Genus Dibrachoides Kurdjumov, 1913
Genus Dibrachys Förster, 1856
Genus Diglochis Förster, 1856
Genus Dinarmoides Masi, 1924
Genus Dinarmus Thomson, 1878
Genus Dinotiscus Ghesquière, 1946
Genus Erdoesina Graham, 1957
Genus Euneura Walker, 1844
Genus Eurydinota Förster, 1878
Genus Gastracanthus Westwood, 1833
Genus Goidanichium Bouček, 1970
Genus Gugolzia Delucchi and Steffan, 1956
Genus Gyrinophagus Ruschka, 1914
Genus Habritys Thomson, 1878
Genus Hemitrichus Thomson, 1878
Genus Hobbya Delucchi, 1957
Genus Holcaeus Thomson, 1878
Genus Homoporus Thomson, 1878
Genus Ischyroptyx Delucchi, 1956
Genus Lariophagus Crawford, 1909
Genus Meraporus Walker, 1834
Genus Merisus Walker, 1834
Genus Mesopolobus Westwood, 1833
Genus Metacolus Förster, 1856
Genus Metastenus Walker, 1834
Genus Mokrzeckia Mokrzecki, 1934
Genus Muscidifurax Girault and Sanders, 1910
Genus Nasonia Ashmead, 1904
Genus Nikolskayana Bouček, 1965
Genus Norbanus Walker, 1843
Genus Notoglyptus Masi, 1917
Genus Novitzkyanus Bouček, 1961
Genus Pachycrepoideus Ashmead, 1904
Genus Pachyneuron Walker, 1833
Genus Paracarotomus Ashmead, 1894
Genus Peridesmia Förster, 1856
Genus Phaenocytus Graham, 1969
Genus Platecrizotes Ferrière, 1934
Genus Pseudocatolaccus Masi, 1908
Genus Psilocera Walker, 1833
Genus Psilonotus Walker, 1834
Genus Psychophagus Mayr, 1904
Genus Pteromalus Swederus, 1795
Genus Rhaphitelus Walker, 1834
Genus Rhopalicus Förster, 1856
Genus Sceptrothelys Graham, 1956
Genus Schizonotus Ratzeburg, 1852
Genus Spaniopus Walker, 1833
Genus Sphegigaster Spinola, 1811
Genus Spintherus Thomson, 1878
Genus Stenetra Masi, 1931
Genus Stenomalina Ghesquière, 1946
Genus Stenoselma Delucchi, 1956
Genus Stinoplus Thomson, 1878
Genus Syntomopus Walker, 1833
Genus Tomicobia Ashmead, 1899
Genus Toxeuma Walker, 1833
Genus Trichomalopsis Crawford, 1913
Genus Trichomalus Thomson, 1878
Genus Trigonoderus Westwood, 1832
Genus Tritneptis Girault, 1908
Genus Trychnosoma Graham, 1957
Genus Urolepis Walker, 1846
Subfamily Spalangiinae Haliday, 1833
Genus Spalangia Latreille, 1805
Subfamily Sycophaginae Walker, 1875
Genus Sycophaga Westwood, 1840
Subfamily Sycoryctinae Wiebes, 1966
Genus Apocrypta Coquerel, 1855
Genus Philotrypesis Förster, 1878
Genera and species excluded from the fauna of Iran
Genus Aphobetus Howard, 1896
Genus Arthrolytus Thomson, 1878
Genus Capellia Delucchi, 1958
Genus Euneura Walker, 1844
Genus Guancheria Hedqvist, 1978
Genus Hypopteromalus Ashmead, 1900
Genus Mesopolobus Westwood, 1833
Genus Moranila Cameron, 1883
Genus Oxysychus Delucchi, 1956
Genus Thektogaster Delucchi, 1955
Genus Thureonella Gijswijt, 1990
Genus Trychnosoma Graham, 1957
References
17 Family Signiphoridae Howard, 1894
Checklist of Iranian SIGNIPHORIDAE Howard, 1894
Genus Chartocerus Motschulsky, 1859
Genus Signiphora Ashmead, 1880
Genus Thysanus Walker, 1840
Species excluded from the fauna of Iran
Genus Chartocerus Motschulsky, 1859
Genus Signiphora Ashmead, 1880
References
18 Family Tetracampidae Förster, 1856
Checklist of Iranian TETRACAMPIDAE Förster, 1856
Subfamily Platynocheilinae Boucˇek, 1958
Genus Platynocheilus Westwood, 1837
Subfamily Tetracampinae Förster, 1856
Genus Epiclerus Haliday, 1844
Genus Foersterella Dalla Torre, 1897
Genus Tetracampe Förster, 1841
References
19 Family Torymidae Walker, 1833
Checklist of Iranian TORYMIDAE Walker, 1833
Subfamily Chalcimerinae Janšta, Cruaud, Delvare, Genson, Heraty, Krˇížkováková and Rasplus, 2018
Genus Exopristoides Boucˇek, 1982
Subfamily Erimerinae Crawford, 1914
Genus Adontomerus Nikol’skaya, 1955
Genus Cryptopristus Förster, 1856
Genus Eridontomerus Crawford, 1907
Genus Exopristus Ruschka, 1923
Genus Idiomacromerus Crawford, 1914
Genus Microdontomerus Crawford, 1907
Subfamily Glyphomerinae Janšta, Cruaud, Delvare, Genson, Heraty, Krížková and Rasplus, 2018
Genus Glyphomerus Förster, 1856
Subfamily Monodontomerinae Ashmead, 1899
Genus Monodontomerus Westwood, 1833
Genus Oopristus Steffan, 1968
Subfamily Podagrioninae Ashmead, 1904
Genus Iridophaga Picard, 1933
Genus Podagrion Spinola, 1811
Genus Podagrionella Girault, 1914
Subfamily Toryminae Walker, 1833
Genus Didactyliocerus Masi, 1916
Genus Diomorus Walker, 1834
Genus Ecdamua Walker, 1862
Genus Pseudotorymus Masi, 1921
Genus Torymoides Walker, 1871
Genus Torymus Dalman, 1820
Species excluded from the fauna of Iran
Genus Iridophagoides Erdo˝s, 1964
References
20 Family Trichogrammatidae Haliday, 1851
Checklist of Iranian TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE Haliday, 1851
Subfamily Oligositinae Ashmead, 1904
Tribe Chaetostrichini Girault, 1912
Genus Aphelinoidea Girault, 1911
Genus Ufens Girault, 1911
Genus Uscana Girault, 1911
Tribe Oligositini Ashmead, 1904
Genus Oligosita Walker, 1851
Subfamily Trichogrammatinae Haliday, 1851
Tribe Trichogrammatini Haliday, 1851
Genus Trichogramma Westwood, 1833
Species excluded from the fauna of Iran
References
21 Diversity of Iranian Chalcidoidea
Discussion
Note
References
Appendix Host–chalcidoid parasitoid and hyperparasitoid relationships in Iran
Back Cover

Citation preview

Chalcidoidea of Iran (Insecta: Hymenoptera)

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Chalcidoidea of Iran (Insecta: Hymenoptera)

Edited by

Hassan Ghahari Gary A.P. Gibson Gennaro Viggiani

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

CABI is a trading name of CAB International CABICABI Nosworthy Way WeWork One Lincoln St Wallingford Oxfordshire OX10 8DE 24th Floor UK Boston, MA 02111 USA Tel: +44 (0)1491 832111 Tel: +1 (617)682-9015 Fax: +44 (0)1491 833508 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.cabi.org © CAB International 2021. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronically, mechanically, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owners. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library, London, UK. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Ghahari, Hassan, editor. | Gibson, Gary A.P., editor. | Viggiani,   Gennaro, editor. Title: Chalcidoidea of Iran (insecta: hymenoptera) / Hassan Ghahari, Gary   A.P. Gibson, Gennaro Viggiani. Description: Boston, MA : CAB International, [2021] | Includes   bibliographical references and index. | Summary: “A catalogue and   reference volume of the species diversity of the Chalcidoidea (an   important diverse group of parasitic wasps used in biological control of   crop pests) based on little known records from Iran and 15 neighbouring   countires; an invaluable source of information for all those interested   in Chalcidoidea and those working in crop protection (especially   biological control) and Integrated Pest Management”-- Provided by   publisher. Identifiers: LCCN 2020046972 (print) | LCCN 2020046973 (ebook) | ISBN   9781789248463 (hardback) | ISBN 9781789248470 (ebook) | ISBN   9781789248487 (epub) Subjects: LCSH: Chalcid wasps--Iran--Identification. Classification: LCC QL568.C4 C43 2021 (print) | LCC QL568.C4 (ebook) |   DDC 595.79--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020046972 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020046973 References to Internet websites (URLs) were accurate at the time of writing. ISBN-13: 9781789248463 (hardback) 9781789248470 (ePDF) 9781789248487 (ePub) Commissioning Editor: Ward Cooper Editorial Assistant: Emma McCann Production Editor: Marta Patiño Typeset by SPi, Pondicherry, India Printed and bound in the UK by Severn, Gloucester

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

This book is dedicated to all the people who have had a role in discovering the Chalcidoidea of Iran

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Contents

Dedicationv Contributorsix Acknowledgementsxi Introduction3 Hassan Ghahari, Gary A.P. Gibson and Gennaro Viggiani Chapter 1. Agaonidae

15

Hassan Ghahari, Simon van Noort, Gary A.P. Gibson, Gennaro Viggiani and Mikdat Doğanlar Chapter 2. Aphelinidae

21

Gennaro Viggiani, Mohammad Hayat, Svetlana N. Myartseva, Hassan Ghahari, Shaaban Abd-Rabou and Jian Huang Chapter 3. Azotidae

67

Gennaro Viggiani, Svetlana N. Myartseva, Hassan Ghahari, Mohammad Hayat and Shaaban Abd-Rabou Chapter 4. Chalcididae

73

Mikdat Doğanlar, Gary A.P. Gibson, Hassan Ghahari, Jeong Yoo and Irinel E. Popescu Chapter 5. Encyrtidae

93

Emilio Guerrieri, Mohammad Hayat, Hassan Ghahari, Vladimir A. Trjapitzin, Gennaro Viggiani and Gary A.P. Gibson Chapter 6. Eriaporidae

153

Gennaro Viggiani, Hassan Ghahari, Svetlana N. Myartseva, Mohammad Hayat and Shaaban Abd-Rabou Chapter 7. Eucharitidae

157

Hassan Ghahari, Gary A.P. Gibson, Javier Torréns and Mikdat Doğanlar Chapter 8. Eulophidae

161

Zoya A. Yefremova, Gennaro Viggiani, Hassan Ghahari, Gary A.P. Gibson and Mikdat Doğanlar Chapter 9. Eupelmidae

211

Gary A.P. Gibson and Hassan Ghahari

vii

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Chapter 10. Eurytomidae

225

Marina D. Zerova, Hassan Ghahari, Victor N. Fursov, Gary A.P. Gibson and Mikdat Doğanlar Chapter 11. Leucospidae

255

Christian Schmid-Egger, Gary A.P. Gibson and Hassan Ghahari Chapter 12. Megastigmidae

261

Marina D. Zerova, Petr Janšta, Hassan Ghahari, Gary A.P. Gibson, Mikdat Doğanlar, Irinel E. Popescu and Victor N. Fursov Chapter 13. Mymaridae

269

Hassan Ghahari, Emilian Pricop, Gary A.P. Gibson, Mohammad Hayat and Gennaro Viggiani Chapter 14. Ormyridae

281

Marina D. Zerova, José Luis Nieves-Aldrey, Hassan Ghahari, Gary A.P. Gibson and Victor N. Fursov Chapter 15. Perilampidae

289

D. Christopher Darling, Hassan Ghahari and Gary A.P. Gibson Chapter 16. Pteromalidae

295

Gary A.P. Gibson, Klarissa A. Dzhanokmen, Simon van Noort, Hassan Ghahari and Mikdat Doğanlar Chapter 17. Signiphoridae

355

Svetlana N. Myartseva, Shaaban Abd-Rabou, Gary A.P. Gibson, Hassan Ghahari and Gennaro Viggiani Chapter 18. Tetracampidae

363

Gary A.P. Gibson, Hassan Ghahari and Mikdat Doğanlar Chapter 19. Torymidae

367

Marina D. Zerova, Petr Janšta, Hassan Ghahari, Mikdat Doğanlar, Victor N. Fursov, Gary A.P. Gibson and Irinel E. Popescu Chapter 20. Trichogrammatidae

385

Hassan Ghahari, Bernard Pintureau, Gennaro Viggiani, Mohammad Hayat and Victor N. Fursov Chapter 21. Diversity of Iranian Chalcidoidea

399

Hassan Ghahari, Gary A.P. Gibson and Gennaro Viggiani Appendix. Host–chalcidoid parasitoid and hyperparasitoid relationships in Iran

411

viiiContents

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Contributors

Shaaban Abd-Rabou, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt D. Christopher Darling, Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen’s Park, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2C6, Canada Mikdat Doğanlar, Mustafa Kemal University, Agriculture Faculty, Plant Protection Department, 31034 Antakya, Hatay, Turkey Klarissa Alekseyevna Dzhanokmen, Institute of Zoology, Committee for Science, Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Kazakhstan Victor Nikolaevich Fursov, Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine Hassan Ghahari, Department of Plant Protection, Yadegar- e- Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Email: [email protected] Gary A.P. Gibson, Honorary Research Associate, Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids & Nematodes, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Email: [email protected]; [email protected] Emilio Guerrieri, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Via Università, 133, 80055 - Portici (NA), Italy Mohammad Hayat, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202 002, U.P., India Jian Huang, Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China Petr Janšta, Charles University in Prague, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 128 44 Praha 2, Czech Republic Svetlana N. Myartseva, División de Estudios de Postgrado e Investigación, UAM Agronomía y Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, 87149, Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, México José Luis Nieves-Aldrey, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biologia Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Madrid, Spain Bernard Pintureau, BF2I-UMR INRA/INSA de Lyon, INSA bât. L. Pasteur, 69621-Villeurbanne-cedex, France Irinel Eugen Popescu, Department of Zoology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Ias‚i, Romania Emilian Pricop, Natural Sciences Museum of Piatra Neamt, Neamt County Museum Complex, Piatra Neamt, Romania Christian Schmid-Egger, Fischerstr 1, 10317 Berlin, Germany Javier Torréns, CRILAR-CONICET, Entre Rios y Mendoza, 5301 Anillaco, La Rioja, Argentina Vladimir Alexandrovich Trjapitzin, Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences 199034, SaintPetersburg, Russia Simon van Noort, Natural History Division, South African Museum (Iziko Museums of Cape Town), Cape Town, South Africa Gennaro Viggiani, Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Laboratorio di Lotta biologica, Via Università, 133 - 80055, Portici (NA), Italy. Email: [email protected] Zoya Alexandrovna Yefremova, Department of Zoology, Life Sciences Faculty, State Pedagogical University, RU-432700 Ul’yanovsk, Russia Jeong Yoo, Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen’s Park, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2C6, Canada Marina Dmitrievna Zerova, Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine

ix

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Acknowledgements

The first author wishes to express his sincere gratitude and appreciation to several hymenopterists who kindly identified chalcidoid specimens of the Iranian fauna since 1997 when I was an MSc student of Entomology in Isfahan University of Technology. Some of them have passed away but I do not forget their important role in documenting the fauna of Iranian Chalcidoidea: Karl Johan Hedqvist (Sweden, 1917– 2009), Zdeněk Bouček (UK, 1924–2011), Thekke Curuppathe Narendran (India, 1944–2013), Eugeny S. Sugonjaev (Russia, 1931–2014), Antony Ribes (Spain, 1968–2014), John LaSalle (Australia, 1951–2018). Also thanked for their support are: Shaaban Abd-Rabou (Egypt), Hannes Baur (Switzerland), Mikdat Doğanlar (Turkey), Klarissa Alekseyevna Dzhanokmen (Kazakhstan), Gregory Evans (USA), Neveen Samy Gadallah (Egypt), Mohammad Hayat (India), Jian Huang (China), Svetlana Nikolaevna Myartseva (Russia), Simon van Noort (South Africa), John Noyes (UK), Jean-Yves Rasplus (France), Anelia Stojanova (Bulgaria), Vladimir Alexandrovich Trjapitzin (Russia), Gennaro Viggiani (Italy), Zoya Alexandrovna Yefremova (Russia), Marina Dmitrievna Zerova (Ukraine), László Zoltán (Romania) and others. The authors would also like to express their sincere thanks to colleagues who edited different chapters or gave us insightful comments, though they are not co-authors of the mentioned chapters: Shaaban Abd-Rabou (Encyrtidae), Anamaria Dal Molin (Signiphoridae), D. Christopher Darling (Introduction, Chalcididae, Eucharitidae, Leucospidae, Pteromalidae), Mikdat Doğanlar (Introduction, Eupelmidae, Leucospidae, Ormyridae, Perilampidae, last chapter), Lütfiye Gençer (Ormyridae), Mohammad Hayat (Introduction, Eupelmidae, Pteromalidae, Signiphoridae, last chapter), Jian Huang (Azotidae, Eriaporidae, Signiphoridae), John T. Huber (Introduction, Mymaridae, last chapter), Toheed Iqbal (Chalcididae), Svetlana Nikolaevna Myartseva (Encyrtidae), Bernard Pintureau (Mymaridae), Irinel E. Popescu (Eurytomidae), Richard Stouthamer (Trichogrammatidae), Pavittu M. Sureshan (Pteromalidae), James Woolley (Signiphoridae) and Robert L. Zuparko (Encyrtidae). We would like to extend our sincerest thanks to Andrei A. Legalov (Siberian Zoological Museum, Russia) and Vladyslav Mirutenko (Uzhgorod National University, Ukraine) for translating Russian data. Sincerest thanks are due also to John Noyes (UK) for providing the taxon numbers from which Table I.1 of the Introduction was compiled and for providing necessary publications; John Heraty (USA), Gerhard Prinsloo (South Africa), Serguei V. Triapitsyn (USA), Enrique Ruíz Cancino (Mexico), Stephan Schmidt (Germany), James B. Woolley (USA), Ekaterina N. Yegorenkova (Russia), Da-Wei Huang (China), MirceaDan Mitroiu (Romania), M.E. Schauff (USA), Paolo Alfonso Pedata (Italy), Ekaterina V. Tselikh (Russia), Petr Kment (Czech Republic), Hadi Ostovan (Iran), the late Mahmoud Shojai (Iran; 1926–2018), Javad Karimi (Iran) and Abbas Mohammadi-Khoramabadi (Iran) also supplied necessary papers. We would also like to thank all those who provided images of the chalcidoid specimens that illustrate the various families. We are grateful to six anonymous reviewers for insightful comments used to improve the book and, finally, we would like to thank everyone else who provided us with advice, support and assistance throughout our study, and the staff at CABI Publishing, especially Ward Cooper Emma McCann and Marta Patiño.

xi

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Perilampus auratus (Panzer, 1798) – ♀ (Perilampidae) [photo courtesy of J.J. Yoo]

Trichogramma evanescens Westwood, 1833 – ♂ (Trichogrammatidae) [photo courtesy of Victor N. Fursov]

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Introduction Hassan Ghahari, Gary A.P. Gibson and Gennaro Viggiani

Hymenoptera is one of the largest and most diverse insect orders, which at the time of Huber (2017) included more than 154,000 described extant species classified in 93 families. Gaston (1991) estimated true species diversity as anywhere from 300,000 to 3,000,000 species, whereas Sharkey (2007) suggested that there were possibly around 1,000,000 species. Rasplus et al. (2010) suggested that only 10% of the species were described, leaving 90% yet to be described or possibly as many as about 1,400,000 extant species of Hymenoptera. The abundance of species in the order is matched by a rich spectrum of ways of life. Hymenopterans live in virtually all terrestrial and freshwater habitats and play numerous ecological roles. Many Hymenoptera are critical pollinators or seed dispersers of flowering plants, many others help keep populations of insects and other arthropods in check through predation or parasitism, and still others feed on plant or fungal tissue directly. It has been suggested that no other order of insects contains so many species beneficial to humans (LaSalle and Gauld, 1993; Hanson and Gauld, 1995; Whitfield, 1998). Within Hymenoptera, the superfamily Chalcidoidea (chalcidoid wasps) is the second largest superfamily after Ichneumonoidea, with Aguiar et al. (2013) and Huber (2017) at the time recording 22,784 described extant species of Chalcidoidea. However, taxonomy is an ongoing process with new taxa continually being described and names being synonymized because of changing concepts. The numbers of world genera and species given for each family in the family index of Noyes (2019) had not been updated since 2004, and the numbers given in Aguiar et al. (2013), which were cited by Huber (2017), were based mainly on available information from John Noyes’s Universal Chalcidoidea Database (UCD) as of 2012. The most up-to-date numbers of valid genera and species currently available based on entries in the UCD are as of June 2018 (John Noyes, England, 2020, personal communication), which were kindly

provided to us by him and are provided here as Table I.1 under the family concepts we recognize in this work. These numbers are cited throughout as ‘John Noyes (unpublished)’ as opposed to other data compiled from and cited as Noyes (2019). Extinct higher taxa in Table I.1 are indicated by a dagger (†); the numbers of extant and fossil species are tabulated separately, but the numbers of genera include both extant and fossil genera. As of June 2018, the UCD recorded 25,976 described, extant species plus an additional 133 fossil species classified in 2,140 genera (Table I.1). As such, almost 3200 extant species have been described since the numbers cited in Aguiar et al. (2013), but even the most recent numbers probably represent less than 10% of the true diversity, with estimates of about 375,000 to 500,000 chalcidoid species worldwide (Heraty et al., 2013; Heraty, 2017; Noyes, 2019). The numerical diversity of chalcidoids is matched also by their structural and biological diversity. Some chalcidoids are economically harmful in that they are phytophagous, injuring economically important plants, or are hyperparasitoids, attacking other beneficial parasitoids. However, the large majority of chalcidoids are beneficial. Species of Agaonidae are the only pollinators of fig (Ficus: Moraceae) trees, but most chalcidoids are beneficial because they are parasitoids of other insects and arthropods that may be harmful pests. Their hosts include about 340 arthropod families (Clausen, 1940; Noyes, 2002) in 13 insect orders as well as spiders (Araneae), ticks and mites (Acarina), pseudoscorpions (Pseudoscorpiones), and even gall-forming nematodes (Nematoda) (Gibson et al., 1999), and they exhibit all but two of the 15 feeding types defined for insects (Grissell and Schauff, 1997). As a consequence, they carry out a very important, though largely unrecognized, role in maintaining the equilibrium of the numbers of insects and arthropods in the natural environment, and they have been used widely in biological control programmes for economic benefit

© CAB International 2021. Chalcidoidea of Iran (Insecta: Hymenoptera) (eds. H. Ghahari, G.A.P. Gibson and G. Viggiani).

3

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

(Goulet and Huber, 1993; Gibson et al., 1997; Heraty et al., 2013). Historically, the number of recognized extant families of the Chalcidoidea has varied substantially, from as few as nine (Riek, 1970) to as many as the presently recognized 23 families (Heraty et al., 2013; Janšta et al., 2017), and within these 78–89 subfamilies are recognized, depending on the source (Heraty et al., 2013). However, the limits of several families are poorly defined and in some cases there is no consensus on the validity or the higher-level placement of some of the subfamilies (Aguiar et al., 2013; Heraty et al., 2013; Noyes, 2019). Interpretation and redefinition of family-level taxa remains an ongoing exercise. The present uncertainty of the higher classification of Chalcidoidea, and the recognition of over 20 families, reflects their great and sometimes bizarre morphological diversity. Several of the families are recognized by different combinations of features rather than by unique features, including sometimes distinctively modified features that occur in different members of different families. The males of many species associated with figs are so highly modified that they are hardly recognizable even as Hymenoptera, much less as Chalcidoidea (Heraty et al., 2013). A male of Dicopomorpha echmepterygis Mockford (Mymaridae), measured at 139 μm in length, is the smallest insect ever recorded (Huber and Noyes, 2013), though most chalcidoids are about 1–4 mm in length and the largest are up to 45 mm. Many chalcidoids are distinguished from other microhymenoptera by their strongly metallic blue, green, bronze or purple sheens, and/or strongly sculptured integuments. The great structural diversity, sculpture and beautiful coloration of chalcidoids make them one of the most varied and attractive groups of Hymenoptera (Noyes, 2000; Heraty and Gates, 2003; Heraty, 2017). Chalcidoids are well represented in nearly all parts of the world other than Antarctica, but most groups within the superfamily appear to be most diverse in the tropics (Noyes and Valentine, 1989). However, because of their small size they are comparatively difficult to collect and study and thus, like other microhymenoptera, they are understudied. Chalcidoidea (families Mymaridae and Tetracampidae) and their putative sister-group Mymarommatoidea were first described from midCretaceous amber deposits (Yoshimoto, 1975; Heraty and Darling, 2009; Poinar and Huber, 2011). One of the oldest fossils, from an estimated 110 million years ago (Mya), is a limestone compression fossil

that was described in the family Pteromalidae, though this classification is controversial (Haas et al., 2020). Schmidt et al. (2010) also recorded the presence of Eulophidae and Trichogrammatidae in amber from Ethiopia, which they reported as early Late Cretaceous in origin (Cenomanian, about 93–95 Mya). However, Perrichot et al. (2016, 2018) stated that Ethiopian amber was much younger, likely early Miocene (Cenozoic, 16–23 Mya). Regardless, most extant chalcidoid lineages do not appear until the Eocene, which suggests an extremely rapid post-Cretaceous radiation (Heraty and Darling, 2009). Aguiar et al. (2013) listed a total of 94 described fossil species and 53 extinct genera classified in 16 out of the then recognized 22 extant families of Chalcidoidea. John Noyes (unpublished) recorded 133 fossil species in 17 of the currently recognized 23 extant families (Table I.1). Both Aguiar et al. (2013) and Noyes (2019) also included one extinct family, Khutelchalcididae Rasnitsyn, Basibuyuk & Quicke (2004) in Chalcidoidea (Table I.1), though Gibson et al. (2007) rejected this classification and it was treated as an unplaced family by Huber (2017). The monophyly of Chalcidoidea is well supported by both morphological and molecular evidence (Gibson, 1986; Gibson et al., 1999; Munro et al., 2011; Heraty et al., 2013). Morphological synapomorphies supporting monophyly of Chalcidoidea include position of the mesothoracic spiracle on a level equal with the lateral margin of the mesoscutum rather than below this level between the pronotum and mesepisternum, uniquely structured multiporous plate sensilla on at least some antennal flagellomeres and an exposed, independent prepectus, though in a few taxa (e.g. most Perilampidae and Eucharitidae) the prepectus is secondarily fused with the pronotum (Gibson, 1986). Chalcidoids that are fully winged also have the fore wing venation reduced to at most a submarginal, marginal, stigmal and postmarginal vein, though members of Scelionidae (Platygastroidea) have a similar fore wing venation. Some of the noteworthy hypotheses of phylogenetic relationships of Chalcidoidea based on morphology have been those of Gordh (1975), Rasnitsyn (1980), Ramirez (1991), Ronquist (1994), Gibson (1986, 1990, 1999), Gibson et al. (1999) and Krogmann and Vilhelmsen (2006). Before Rasnitsyn (1980) published his comprehensive hypothesis of hymenopteran evolution, Chalcidoidea was considered as closely related to Cynipoidea. Rasnitsyn (1980) hypothesized that the extant taxa Chalcidoidea,

4Introduction

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Cynipoidea, Platygastroidea and Proctotrupoidea formed a monophyletic group that he termed the Proctotrupomorpha. Gibson (1999) later proposed that Platygastroidea form a monophyletic group with Pelecinidae + Proctotrupidae + Vanhorniidae, and that Chalcidoidea and Mymarommatoidea were sister-­ groups that likely represented a relatively basal clade in Apocrita but with uncertain sister-group relationships. More recent molecular studies support Chalcidoidea as a monophyletic group that is nested within a monophyletic Proctotrupomorpha and as the sister group of either Diaprioidea or Mymarommatoidea (Castro and Dowton, 2006; Heraty et al., 2011; Sharkey et al., 2011). The comprehensive combined morphology and molecular analyses of Heraty et al. (2013) supported Chalcidoidea as the sister group of Mymarommatoidea. The results of Heraty et al. (2013) also supported monophyly of 13 of the then 19 recognized families of Chalcidoidea, but because of their analyses they additionally recognized three other families, Azotidae, Eriaporidae and Cynipencyrtidae, for a total of 22 families. The subsequent molecular study of Janšta et al. (2017) led to the recognition of Megastigmidae separate from Torymidae, for a total of 23 currently recognized extant chalcidoid families (Table I.1). As noted above, Chalcidoidea probably exhibit a greater range of biological diversity than any other superfamily of Hymenoptera Parasitica, with parasitoid biology attaining its most elaborate expression in the Chalcidoidea. There are both phytophagous and parasitoid species, and some species might even be considered as predators because they consume several eggs or larvae in their development. Some species are extremely polyphagous, whereas others appear to be very host-specific; there are solitary and gregarious species, ectoparasitoids and endoparasitoids, idiobionts (which develop on a single host life stage) and koinobionts (which develop through multiple life stages of the host), primary or secondary and tertiary parasitoids (hyperparasitoids), polyembryonic species, and species with planidial larvae that are active and must find a suitable host rather than being deposited on or in the host by the female. All host stages are attacked, from the egg (which is parasitized by species of several families, including the exclusively egg-parasitoid families Mymaridae and Trichogrammatidae) to the larva, pupa and, rarely, even emergence from the adult occurring. Although the hosts and host biology of Mymarommatoidea are unknown, Mymaridae is strongly supported as the basal clade of Chalcidoidea

(Heraty et al., 2013), which suggests that endoparasitism of eggs may have been the ancestral biology of Chalcidoidea and the more common ectoparasitism of larvae and pupae secondarily evolved within the superfamily. Plant-feeding chalcidoids belong to the seed- or ovule-feeding and gall-inducing guilds. Gall-inducing chalcidoids occur primarily within six families: Agaonidae, Eulophidae, Eurytomidae, Megastigmidae, Pteromalidae and Tanaostigmatidae (LaSalle, 2005). It is generally difficult to distinguish the gall inducers from inquilines or other parasitoids associated with a gall, which necessitates the verification of the mode of nutrition of the inhabitants within galls (Narendran et al., 2007). All phytophagous taxa in Chalcidoidea likely have parasitoid ancestors. While it is probable that most gall inducers came from ancestors that were parasitoids of gall inducers, some probably arose from seed or ovule feeders and from stem borers (LaSalle, 2005). In the evolution of phytophagy in Chalcidoidea, parasitoid species in such families as Megastigmidae and Eurytomidae could have first attacked immature host larvae and laid eggs on/in them (Askew, 1975). Probably because they were unable to delay their larval development and to compensate for an insufficient food source, some species commenced feeding on the plant tissue itself after consuming their insect host, and then some evolved into strictly phytophagous forms (Narendran et al., 2007). Agaonidae, commonly called ‘fig wasps’, are all obligate gall inducers/pollinators of figs. Because the fig tree is entirely dependent on fig wasps for pollination, Roskam (1992) inferred from the distribution of fig trees that Agaonidae might have originated in the Cretaceous period. Nikol’skaya (1956) also postulated that gall-inducing Pteromalidae and Eulophidae are ancient forms, based on their tropical distribution and age of the host plants. Because of the preponderance of parasitoid species, Chalcidoidea is one of the most important groups in applied biological control. Many species have been intentionally introduced for this purpose and have become established as effective natural control measures of insect pests of agriculture, horticulture and forestry, thereby reducing the need for chemical alternatives that may be harmful to the environment or its inhabitants (Godfray, 1994; Waterhouse and Sands, 2001). Like other Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea generally display a haploid–diploid sex mechanism in which fertilized eggs develop into females and unfertilized eggs into males. However,

Introduction5

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

parthenogenesis is also expressed in some species, in which unfertilized eggs develop into females so that males are not necessary for continuation of the species. This sex mechanism predisposes such species for accidental establishment outside their native range, because a single female may be sufficient for successful establishment if a suitable host can be found. Such accidental introductions are known for Chalcidoidea, where both sexes of the species exist in the native range of the species but only females in the introduced range (Gibson, 2005; Fusu, 2017). Accidental introduction probably results from being imported with plant material or with their hosts (Noyes and Valentine, 1989; Bellows and Fisher, 1999). Ultimately, the introduced parasitoids may play an important part in limiting the development of potentially damaging insects (Hoy and Herzog, 1985; Croft, 1990). Systematics has a critical importance in biological control programmes. When natural enemies are sought or transferred from one region to another in order to bring about biological control of a pest, the correct identification of both the pest and the natural enemy is of utmost importance (Bellows and Fisher, 1999; Narendran, 2006). Although there are many examples of successful biological control programmes using parasitic hymenopterans, there have also been failures, mostly attributed to poor or inadequate taxonomic knowledge of the pest, parasitoid or predator (Gurr and Wratten, 2000; Narendran, 2006). Any advance in the knowledge of the biosystematics of parasitic hymenopterans can supply essential information necessary for successful biological control or integrated pest management programmes (Koul et al., 2004; Vincent et al., 2007). One of the first steps towards this is to develop a comprehensive, accurate list of the species that occur in any area, which our checklist attempts for the chalcidoid fauna of Iran. Equally important for biological control is accurate knowledge of host–parasitoid relationships, and we therefore also summarize the known hosts of the chalcidoid species as well as the known plant associates in Iran. Knowledge of these interactions is necessary to conserve the natural enemies of key pests and thereby suppress a pest under the economic injury level (De Bach and Rosen, 1991; Ghahari et al., 2011). Iran is the 18th largest country in the world, covering an area of 1,623,779 km², and forming a large part of the Iranian plateau. It is bordered to the north by the Caucasus Mountains, Middle

Asian natural regions and the Caspian Sea (Fig. I.1) (three Iranian provinces, Golestan, Guilan and Mazandaran, are considered as Caspian Sea area, Fig. 21.1); to the west by the Anatolian and Mesopotamian regions; to the east by the eastern part of the Iranian plateau (Afghanistan and adjacent west Pakistan) and the Baluch-Sindian region; and to the south by the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman, which are connected by the latter to the Indian Ocean. Climatologically, Iran is a predominantly arid and semi-arid country, but the northern slopes of the Alburz ranges and the Caspian lowland receive 800–2000 mm annual rainfall, making them the most humid parts of the country. The Dasht-e Kavir and Dasht-e Lut deserts are the driest areas with an annual precipitation of less than 150 mm. The highlands receive between 250 and 800 mm (Zehzad et al., 2002; Hakimzadeh Khoei et al., 2011; Renfrew and Bahn, 2014). Although Iran is part of the Palaearctic region, it is located on the crossroads of two other biogeographical regions (Afrotropical and Oriental) and Caucasus (a region located at the border of Europe and Asia, between the Black Sea and Caspian Sea, which includes also portions of northwestern Iran and northeastern Turkey), and features three main climatic zones, including arid and semi-arid regions, Mediterranean climate (mainly in the western Zagros Mountains) and humid and semi-humid regions (mainly in the Caspian). The country is divided into five floristic zones, called Irano-Turanian deserts and mountains, Zagrosian, Hyrcanian, Arasbaran and Khalijo-Omanian. The complex and varied climates, topography and geological formations have led to a varied and unique biological diversity (Firouz, 2005; Mohammadi Fazel, 2010; Sagheb Talebi et al., 2014). The varieties in landscapes and weather conditions in Iran (Zehzad et al., 2002) have resulted in a rich environmental condition and high diversity of flora within the Iran Plateau (Ghahreman and Attar, 1999) that equally influences the species richness of insects. The families we recognize in our checklists of the Chalcidoidea of Iran follow the concepts of Heraty et al. (2013) except that we classify the subfamily Sycophaginae in Pteromalidae rather than in Agaonidae (Table I.1).We also recognize Megastigmidae as separate from Torymidae, following Janšta et al. (2017). As such, 23 extant families of Chalcidoidea are recognized, of which only 20 occur in Iran because Cynipencyrtidae Trjapitzin, 1973, Rotoitidae Bouček and Noyes, 1987, and Tanaostigmatidae

6Introduction

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Table I.1.  Numbers of described genera, extant species and fossil† species of Chalcidoidea under the family concepts used in this work, based on the Universal Chalcidoidea Database as of June 2018 (John Noyes, unpublished)

Taxon

Genera

AGAONIDAE Agaoninae Blastophaginae Kradibiinae Tetrapusinae Unassigned† TOTAL APHELINIDAE Aphelininae Calesinae Coccophaginae Eretmocerinae Eriaphytinae Phtuariinae† Unassigned TOTAL AZOTIDAE CHALCIDIDAE Chalcidinae Dirhininae Epitraninae Haltichellinae Smicromorphinae Unassigned† TOTAL CYNIPENCYRTIDAE ENCYRTIDAE Encyrtinae Tetracneminae TOTAL ERIAPORIDAE Eriaporinae Euryischinae TOTAL EUCHARITIDAE Akapalinae Eucharitinae Gollumiellinae Oraseminae Unassigned† TOTAL EULOPHIDAE Entedoninae Entiinae Eulophinae Opheliminae Tetrastichinae Unassigned TOTAL EUPELMIDAE Calosotinae

13 4 2 1 1 21 21 1 16 1 1 1 2 43 1

Extant species

Fossil species

191 55 112 5

1

363 355 14 939 85 2

3 1 5 3

1 2 1397 92 801 72 68 584 7

4 0

28 4 1 50 1 1 85 1

4

1532 1

1 5 0

379 109 488

3887 883 4770

8 3 11

2 3 5

6 16 22

0

1 50 2 13 1 67

2 362 12 91 467

93 18 93 2 110 7 323

2192 156 1606 55 1976 13 5998

8

157

1

1 2 1 2

3

Continued Introduction7

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Table I.1.  Continued. Taxon

Extant species

Fossil species

32 8 48

802 90 1049

5 5

64 2 6 1 73 1 4 12 115 3

1512 8 79 1 1600

6 6 2 2 16

77 210 12 2 301

6 1 2 3 16 3 42 17 20 17 1 1 18 4 23 4 1 1 2 1 1 36 1 1 41 15 1 20 316 2 1

27 1 13 16 43 16 280 51 52 137 3 4 48 5 86 5 8 1 8 4 12 332 3 1 180 81 5 209 2248 64 2

Genera

Eupelminae Neanastatinae TOTAL EURYTOMIDAE Eurytominae Heimbrinae Rileyinae Unassigned TOTAL KHUTELCHALCIDIDAE† LEUCOSPIDAE MEGASTIGMIDAE MYMARIDAE ORMYRIDAE PERILAMPIDAE Chrysolampinae Perilampinae Philomidinae Unassigned TOTAL PTEROMALIDAE Asaphinae Austrosystasinae Austroterobiinae Ceinae Cerocephalinae Chromeurytominae Cleonyminae Coelocybinae Colotrechninae Diparinae Ditropinotellinae Elatoidinae Epichrysomallinae Erotolepsiinae Eunotinae Eutrichosomatinae Herbertiinae Keiraninae Leptofoeninae Louriciinae Macromesinae Miscogastrinae Neodiparinae Nefoeninae Ormocerinae Otitesellinae Parasaphodinae Pireninae Pteromalinae Spalangiinae Storeyinae

140 211 1434 145

3

3 1 1 0 27 0

1

1

1 3 2

1

16 Continued

8Introduction

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Table I.1.  Continued. Taxon

Genera

Sycoecinae Sycophaginae Sycoryctinae Unassigned TOTAL ROTOITIDAE SIGNIPHORIDAE TANAOSTIGMATIDAE TETRACAMPIDAE Bouceklytinae† Distylopinae† Mongolocampinae Platynocheilinae Tetracampinae TOTAL TORYMIDAE - Chalcimerini - Microdontomerini - Monodontomerini - Palachiini - Podagrionini - Torymini - Torymoidini Unassigned TOTAL TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE Oligositinae - Chaetostrichini - Oligositini - Paracentrobiini Trichogrammatinae - Trichogrammatini Unassigned TOTAL CHALCIDOIDEA TOTAL

6 9 11 4 648 4 4 9

Extant species 72 84 150 6 4257 2 83 98

1 1 4 1 8 15

9 5 39 53

1 10 13 4 7 10 6 8 59

1 148 80 30 137 424 123 19 962

36 12 4

322 223 57

38 5 95 2140

395 2 999 25976

Fossil species 2 1 26 14 0 1 1 1 1 1 4

1 1 1 3 2 5 13

4 3 7 133

†

Fossil taxon. Unassigned = unassigned to subfamily.

Ashmead, 1904, are absent from the fauna. The species listed in each family chapter checklist include all the species recorded in the literature from Iran through 2019, with one exception as noted in Chapter 10 (Eurytomidae). Each family chapter includes differential characters to distinguish the family, hypothesized phylogenetic relationships with other families, and general biological attributes of the family. Following this general family information, we summarize previous cataloguing efforts of the Iranian fauna for the family and then summarize the information included in the following checklist of species for that family. This summary information includes the number of

species we record from Iran, any newly recorded species, a comparison of the Iranian fauna with those of adjacent countries, major host attributes of the family in Iran, and often tabulation and/or discussion of distribution in Iran by province and, for larger families, the number of species per genus in Iran. Cited taxa that include the year they were described are taxa not known from Iran and thus they are not otherwise included in the catalogue. Within each checklist, for each species record we include reference to catalogues that previously reported presence of the species in Iran, including Noyes (2019), distribution in Iran by province and extra-

Introduction9

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

family that are known from each of the 31 provinces that comprise Iran (Fig. 21.1 and Table 21.4). We also tabulate the fauna of Iran compared with those of 15 adjacent countries having land and sea borders with Iran (Table 21.5): Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Turkmenistan and United Arab Emirates (Fig. I.1), as well as the former USSR. As noted in Chapter 21, our comparisons should be interpreted with caution because of differences in the states of knowledge of the chalcidoid faunas of these different countries, but they are offered as baseline data for future studies and analyses. Finally, we provide comments concerning the importance of accurate taxonomy and species checklists such as ours to help resolve economic issues resulting from agricultural and forestry pest insects. Because of the importance of chalcidoids for biological control of pests in Iran, host information for parasitoid species that is provided throughout the chapters is synthesized in an Appendix at the end of the book; this Appendix does not include host information for the phytophagous species.

limital distribution by country. Unless otherwise referenced, global distribution data are adapted from Noyes (2019). Consequently, Iran is included under ‘General distribution’ only if the species was reported from Iran by Noyes (2019). Furthermore, in addition to currently recognized countries, we include previously recognized political units such as Yugoslavia and USSR, as well as some non-political regions such as Caucasus and Transcaucasus (a geographical region in the vicinity of the southern Caucasus Mountains on the border of Eastern Europe and Western Asia that roughly corresponds to presentday Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan). Also included for each species record are host records and plant associates in Iran, when known, and additional comments as necessary. Following the checklist of recorded species for each family is a separate list of species we newly exclude from the Iranian fauna, if any, with the reason we exclude the species. In the final chapter we tabulate the species diversity of Iranian Chalcidoidea by family (Table 21.1), the species we newly exclude from Iran (Table 21.2), the species presently considered as endemic to Iran (Table 21.3) and the number of species of each

K A Z A K H S TA N

U Z B E K I S TA N

Black Sea

BULGARIA

Caspian Sea

GEORGIA ARMENIA

AZERBAIJAN

T U R K M E N I S TA N

TURKEY

Tehera n

SYRIA

CY P RU S LEBANON

Mediterranean

TA D Z H I K I S TA N

A F G H A N I S TA N IRAQ

IRAN

ISRAEL J O R DA N K U WA I T

Pe rs ia

n

a Se SAUDI ARABIA

it

ra

BAHRAIN Q ATA R

lf

St

d Re

EGYPT

PA K I S TA N Gu

UNITED ARAB E M I R AT E S

OMAN SUDAN ERITREA

of

INDIA

Ho rmu z

Indian Ocean

YEMEN

Fig. I.1.  Map of Iran in relation to adjacent countries (adapted from goirantours.com/map-of-iran/).

10Introduction

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

References Aguiar, A.P., Deans, A.R., Engel, M.S., Forshage, M., Huber, J.T. et al. (2013) Order Hymenoptera. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (ed.) Animal biodiversity: an outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness (Addenda 2013). Zootaxa 3703, 51–62. Askew, R.R. (1975) The organization of chalcid dominated parasitoid communities centered upon endophytic hosts, pp. 130–153. In: Price, P.W. (ed.), Evolutionary Strategies of Parasitic Insects and Mites. Plenum Press, London, 225 pp. Bellows, T.S. and Fisher, T.W. (1999) Handbook of Biological Control. Academic Press, San Diego, California, 1046 pp. Castro, L.R. and Dowton, M. (2006) Molecular analyses of Apocrita (Insecta: Hymenoptera) suggest that the Chalcidoidea are sister to the diaprioid complex. Invertebrate Systematics 20, 603–614. Clausen, C.P. (1940) Entomophagous Insects. McGrawHill, New York, 688 pp. Croft, B.A. (1990) Arthropod Biological Control Agents and Pesticides. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 723 pp. De Bach, P. and Rosen, D. (1991) Biological Control by Natural Enemies. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 440 pp. Firouz, E. (2005) The Complete Fauna of Iran. I.B.Tauris, New York, xiv + 322 pp. Fusu, L. (2017) An integrative taxonomic study of European Eupelmus (Macroneura) (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae), with molecular and cytogenetic analysis of Eupelmus (Macroneura) vesicularis: several species hiding under one name for 240 years. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 181, 519–603. Gaston, K.J. (1991) The magnitude of global insect species richness. Conservation Biology 5, 283–296. Ghahari H., Fischer, M. and Papp, J. (2011) A study on the braconid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Isfahan province, Iran. Entomofauna 32, 261–272. Ghahreman, A. and Attar, F. (1999) Biodiversity of Plant Species in Iran. The vegetation of Iran, plant species, red data of Iran, endemic species, rare species, species threatened by extinction. Central Herbarium of Tehran University, Tehran, 1176 pp. Gibson, G.A.P. (1986) Evidence for monophyly and relationships of Chalcidoidea, Mymaridae, and Mymarommatidae (Hymenoptera: Terebrantes). The Canadian Entomologist 118, 205–240. Gibson, G.A.P. (1990) A word on chalcidoid classification. Chalcid Forum 13, 7–9. Gibson, G.A.P. (1999) Sister-group relationships of the Platygastroidea and Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) – an alternate hypothesis to Rasnitsyn (1988). Zoologica Scripta 28, 125–138. Gibson, G.A.P. (2005) The world species of Balcha Walker (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae), parasitoids of wood-boring beetles. Zootaxa 1033, 1–62.

Gibson, G.A.P., Huber, J.T. and Woolley, J.B. (1997) Annotated Keys to the Genera of Nearctic Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). NRC Press, Ottawa, Canada, 794 pp. Gibson, G.A.P., Heraty, J.M. and Woolley, J.B. (1999) Phylogenetics and classification of Chalcidoidea and Mymarommatoidea – a review of current concepts (Hymenoptera, Apocrita). Zoologica Scripta 28, 87–124. Gibson, G.A.P., Read, J. and Huber, J. (2007) Diversity, classification and higher relationships of Mymarommatoidea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 16, 51–146. Godfray, H.C.J. (1994) Parasitoid and Behavioral Ecology. Princeton University Press, New Jersey, 473 pp. Gordh, G. (1975) Some evolutionary trends in Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) with particular reference to host preference. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 83, 279–280. Goulet, H. and Huber, J. (1993) Hymenoptera of the World: an Identification Guide to Families. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, vii + 668 pp. Grissell, E.E. and Schauff, M.E. (1997) Chapter 3. Chalcidoidea. In: Gibson, G.A.P., Huber, J.T. and Woolley, J.B. (eds) Annotated Keys to the Genera of Nearctic Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). NRC Press, Ottawa, Canada, pp. 45–116. Gurr, G. and Wratten, S.D. (2000) Biological Control: Measures of Success. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, Massachusetts, 429 pp. Haas, M., Burks, R.A., Janšta, P. and Krogsmann, L. (2020) Redescription and phylogenetic placement of the Cretaceous wasp Parviformosus wohlrabeae (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupomorpha). Palaeontologia Electronica 23, 1–10. Hakimzadeh Khoei, M., Kaya, M. and Altindag, A. (2011) New records of Rotifers from Iran with biogeographic considerations. Turkish Journal of Zoology 35, 395–402. Hanson, P.E. and Gauld, I.D. (1995) The Hymenoptera of Costa Rica. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 893 pp. Heraty, J.M. (2017) Parasitoid biodiversity and insect pest management. In: Foottit, R.G. and Adler, P.H. (eds) Insect Biodiversity: Science and Society. Vol. I, 2nd edn. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK, pp. 603–625. Heraty, J.M. and Darling, D.C. (2009) Fossil Eucharitidae and Perilampidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Baltic Amber. Zootaxa 2306, 1–16. Heraty, J.M. and Gates, M.E. (2003) Biodiversity of Chalcidoidea of the El Edén Ecological Reserve, Mexico. In: Gómez-Pompa, A., Allen, M.F., Fedick, S.L. and Jiménez-Osornio, J.J. (eds) Proceedings of the 21st Symposium in Plant Biology, Lowland Maya Area: Three Millenia at the Human-Wildland Interface. Haworth Press, New York, pp. 277–292. Heraty, J.M., Ronquist, F., Carpenter, J.C., Hawks, D., Schulmeister, S. et al. (2011) Hymenopteran

Introduction11

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

relationships: structure of a megaradiation. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 60, 73–88. Heraty, J.M., Burks, R.A., Cruaud, A., Gibson, G.A.P, Liljebad, J. et al. (2013) A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Cladistics 29, 466–542. Hoy, M.A. and Herzog, D.C. (1985) Biological Control in Agricultural IPM Systems. Academic Press, Orlando, Florida, 589 pp. Huber, J.T. (2017) Biodiversity of Hymenoptera. In: Foottit, R.G. and Adler, P.H. (eds) Insect Biodiversity: Science and Society. Vol. I. 2nd edn. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK, pp. 303–323. Huber, J.T. and Noyes, J.S. (2013) A new genus and species of fairyfly, Tinkerbella nana (Hymenoptera, Mymaridae), with comments on its sister genus Kikiki, and discussion on small size limits in arthropods. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 32, 17–44. Janšta, P., Cruaud, A., Delvare, G., Genson, G., Heraty, J., Křížková, B. and Rasplus, J.-Y. (2017) Torymidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) revised: molecular phylogeny, circumscription and reclassification of the family with discussion of its biogeography and evolution of life-history traits. Cladistics 34, 1–25. Koul, O., Dhaliwal, G.S. and Cuperus, G.W. (2004) Integrated Pest Management. Potential, Constraints and Challenges. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 329 pp. Krogmann, L. and Vilhelmsen, L. (2006) Phylogenetic implications of the mesosomal skeleton in Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera, Apocrita) – tree searches in a jungle of homoplasy. Invertebrate Systematics 20, 615–674. LaSalle, J. (2005) Biology of gall inducers and evolution of gall induction in Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae, Eurytomidae, Pteromalidae, Tanaostigmatidae, Torymidae). In: Raman, A., Schaeffer, C.W. and Withers, T.M. (eds) Biology, Ecology and Evolution of Gall-inducing Arthropods. Science Publishers, Enfield, New Hampshire, pp. 503–533. LaSalle, J. and Gauld, I.D. (1993) Hymenoptera and Biodiversity. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 348 pp. Mohammadi Fazel, A. (2010) Iran's Fourth National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity. Technical Report, October 2010, Department of Environment, Tehran, 145 pp. Munro, J.B., Heraty, J.M., Burks, R.A., Hawks, D., Mottern, J. et al. (2011) A molecular phylogeny of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). PLoS ONE 6 (11), e27023. Narendran, T.C. (1984) On the biosystematics of chalcids and sawflies associated with plant galls. In: Ananthakrishan, T.N. (ed.) The Biology of Gall Insects. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi, Bombay, Calcutta, pp. 273–303. Narendran, T.C. (2006) An Introduction to Taxonomy. Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 80 pp.

Narendran, T.C., Santhosh, S. and Sudheer, K. (2007) Biosystematics and biogeography of Oriental Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) associated with plant galls. Oriental Insects 41, 141–167. Nikol’skaya, M.N. (1956) Seed-eating chalcids of the fauna of the USSR and the role of phytophagy in the evolution of the group (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 35, 570–581 [in Russian, English summary]. Noyes, J.S. (2000) Encyrtidae of Costa Rica (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), 1. The subfamily Tetracneminae, parasitoids of mealybugs (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, Vol. 62. AEI, Gainesville, Florida, 355 pp. Noyes, J.S. (2002) A review of the hosts and biologies of Chalcidoidea. Chalcid Forum 24, 8–16. Noyes, J.S. (2019) Universal Chalcidoidea Database. Available at: www.nhm.ac.uk/chalcidoids (accessed December 2019). Noyes, J.S. and Valentine, E.W. (1989) Chalcidoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera) – introduction, and review of genera in smaller families. No. 18, Fauna of New Zealand series. DSIR Publishing, Wellington, New Zealand, 96 pp. Perrichot, V., Boudinot, B.E., Cole, J., Delhaye-Prat, V., Esnault, J. et al. (2016) African fossiliferous amber: a review. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Fossil Insects, Arthropods and Amber, 26th April – 1st May 2016, National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh, UK, p. 41. Perrichot, V., Boudinot, B., Chény, C., Cole, J., Jeanneau, L. et al. (2018) The age and paleobiota of Ethiopian amber revisited. Proceedings of the 5th International Paleontological Congress, Paris, 9th – 13th July 2018, p. 23. Poinar, G. Jr and Huber, J.T. (2011) A new genus of fossil Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) from Cretaceous amber and key to Cretaceous mymarid genera. Zookeys 130, 461–472. Ramirez, B.W. (1991) Evolution of the mandibular appendage in fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae). Revista de Biologia Tropical 39, 87–95. Rasnitsyn, A.P. (1980) Origin and evolution of hymenopterous insects. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Institute. Akademiya nauk SSSR 174, 1–192 [in Russian]. Rasnitsyn, A.P., Basibuyuk, H.H. and Quicke, D.L.J. (2004) A basal chalcidoid (Insecta: Hymenoptera) from the earliest Cretaceous or latest Jurassic of Mongolia. Insect Systematics and Evolution 35, 123–135. Rasplus, J.-Y., Villemant, C., Paiva, M.R., Delvare, G. and Roques, A. (2010) Hymenoptera. BioRisk 4, 669–776. Renfrew, C. and Bahn, P.G. (eds) (2014) The Cambridge World  Prehistory (3 vols). Cambridge University Press, New York, 2082 pp. Riek, E.F. (1970) Hymenoptera. In: CSIRO (ed.) The Insects of Australia. Division of Entomology,

12Introduction

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 867–959. Ronquist, F. (1994) Morphology, phylogeny and evolution of cynipoid wasps. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 38, 1–29. Roskam, J.C. (1992) Evolution of the gall-inducing guild. In: Shorthouse, J.D. and Rohfritsch, O. (eds) Biology of Insect-induced Galls. Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 34–49. Sagheb Talebi, K., Sajedi, T. and Pourhashemi, M. (2014) Forests of Iran. A treasure from the past, a hope for the future. Springer, Netherlands, viii + 152 pp. Schmidt, A.R., Perrichot, V., Svojtka, M., Anderson, K.B., Belete, K.H. et al. (2010) Cretaceous African life captured in amber. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 107, 7329–7334. Sharkey, M. (2007) Phylogeny and classification of Hymenoptera. Zootaxa 1668, 521–548. Sharkey, M., Carpenter, J.C., Vilhelmsen, L., Heraty, J., Dowling, A. et al. (2011) Phylogenetic relationships

among superfamilies of Hymenoptera. Cladistics 27, 1–33. van den Berg, E., Prinsloo, G.L. and Neser, S. (1990) An unusual host association: Aprostocetus sp. (Eulophidae), a hymenopterous predator of the nematode Subanguina mobilis (Chit; Fisher, 1975) Brzeski, 1981 (Anguinidae). Phytophylactica 22, 125–127. Vincent, C., Goethel, M.S. and Lazarovits, G. (2007) Biological Control: A Global Perspective. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 432 pp. Waterhouse, D.F. and Sands, D.P.A. (2001) Classical Biological Control of Arthropods in Australia. ACIAR Monograph no. 77. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, Canberra, Australia, 560 pp. Whitfield, J.B. (1998) Phylogeny and evolution of host– parasitoid interactions in Hymenoptera. Annual Review of Entomology 43, 129–151. Yoshimoto, C.M. (1975) Cretaceous chalcidoid fossils from Canadian amber. The Canadian Entomologist 107, 499–529. Zehzad, B., Kiabi, B.H. and Madjnoonian, H. (2002) The natural areas and landscape of Iran: an overview. Zoology in the Middle East 26, 7–10.

Introduction13

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

0.50 mm

 

Platyscapa awekei Wiebes, 1977 – ♀ (Agaonidae) [photo courtesy of S. van Noort – Iziko Museums of South Africa]

0.50 mm

 

Platyscapa awekei Wiebes, 1977 – ♂ (Agaonidae) [photo courtesy of S. van Noort – Iziko Museums of South Africa]

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

1



Family Agaonidae Walker, 1846 Hassan Ghahari, Simon van Noort, Gary A.P. Gibson, Gennaro Viggiani and Mikdat Doğanlar

Agaonidae are a medium-sized family found in the tropics and subtropics that, under the family concept we use, contains 363 extant and five fossil species classified in 21 genera (Introduction, Table I.1). Aguiar et al. (2013) and Huber (2017) cited 762 species in Agaonidae, which suggests that their family concept, although not stated by Aguiar et al. (2013), likely followed that of Bouček (1988). Regardless, Lopez-Vaamonde et al. (2009) suggested that species richness of Agaonidae was at least 1000 species, based on their estimate that the 64 species they included in their study represented only about 6% of the species. Agaonidae has perhaps been the most unstable of all chalcidoid families relative to concepts of what should be included in it and its relationships with other Chalcidoidea. Bouček (1988) included six subfamilies in the family: Agaoninae, Epichrysomallinae, Otitesellinae, Sycoryctinae, Sycoecinae and Sycophaginae, but one or more of the latter five subfamilies have more recently been left unassigned to family or classified in Eurytomidae, Pteromalidae or Torymidae. Rasplus et al. (1998) restricted Agaonidae to only the subfamily Agaoninae, which included also Blastophaginae in our concept. Cruaud et al. (2010) subsequently analysed Agaonidae sensu Rasplus et al. (1998) and suggested that three or four subfamilies should be recognized in it, including Agaoninae, Blastophaginae and two newly established subfamilies, Kradibiinae and Tetrapusinae. More recently, Heraty et al. (2013) followed the classification of Cruaud et al. (2010) except that they also included Sycophaginae in Agaonidae because they retrieved this subfamily as the sister group of Agaonidae sensu stricto. However, although Sycophaginae are gall inducers in figs (Ficus: Moraceae), unlike Agaonidae sensu stricto they are not fig pollinators (Cruaud et al., 2010). Here we exclude Sycophaginae (see Chapter 16: Pteromalidae) and restrict Agaonidae to only the true pollinators of figs, from which their common name, fig wasps, originates (Bouček, 1988; Cruaud et al., 2010). The

subfamily Tetrapusinae occurs only in the New World (Cruaud et al., 2010), and thus we recognize three subfamilies as comprising the Agaonidae fauna of Iran: Agaoninae, Blastophaginae and Kradibiinae. The family Agaonidae is characterized by the following characters: head without a horseshoe-shaped occipital carina (which is typical of Torymidae); female flagellum with basal flagellomere asymmetric, with an acute dorsal process; female mandible with posteriorly directed rasp-like appendage; males and females strongly dimorphic, with males wingless and with reduced appendages and hardly recognizable as chalcidoid wasps. In addition, the body is generally smooth or with only very faint sculpturing, the female has long ovipositor sheaths, and the stigmal vein of the fore wing is slender and at a right angle to the wing margin. The Agaonidae may have originated during the Late Cretaceous, 75–100 million years ago (Mya), in the southern hemisphere (Gondwana) (Machado et al., 2001). As the pollinators of figs, all agaonids are associated with fig inflorescences (syconia) (Weiblen, 2002; Cruaud et al., 2012). Syconia produce semiochemicals that attract only the specific fig wasp pollinator to the flowers (florets) via an ostiole (Barker, 1985; van Noort et al., 1989; Ware et al., 1993; Hossaert-McKey et al., 1994; Gibernau et al., 1997; Grison et al., 1999; Soler et al., 2012; Souto-Vilarós et al., 2018). Fig-pollinating wasps often have to fly long distances from their natal syconia to a receptive syconium (Ahmed et al., 2009) and then must enter the narrow ostiole of the syconium to reproduce (Liu et al., 2011). In all figs, flowering is protogynous with pistillate (female) florets being receptive to pollination and parasitism by female wasp foundresses several weeks before staminate (male) florets produce pollen (Verkerke, 1986; Giblin-Davis et al., 1995). About 800 species of Ficus have been described throughout the tropical world (Berg and Corner, 2005), all of which are pollinated by one or more

© CAB International 2021. Chalcidoidea of Iran (Insecta: Hymenoptera) (eds. H. Ghahari, G.A.P. Gibson and G. Viggiani). DOI: 10.1079/9781789248463.0001

15

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

host-specific fig wasps (Weiblen, 2002; Cook and West, 2005; Machado et al., 2005; Cook and Segar, 2010; Cruaud et al., 2010, 2012). Ficus species can be pollinated only by the right species of fig wasp, and fig wasps are unable to produce progeny outside a narrow spectrum of fig species (Wiebes, 1994; Priyadarsanan, 2000; Faghih and Sabet Sarvestani, 2001). As such, the relationship between Ficus and Agaonidae is a most remarkable example of a plant– insect mutualism (obligate mutualism) (Weiblen, 2002; Cook and Rasplus, 2003; van Noort, 2004; Cruaud et al., 2012) and one of the most speciesspecific plant–pollinator interactions (Ollerton, 2006; Moe and Weiblen, 2010). Under this scenario, reproductive isolation and speciation in one partner could cause speciation in the other partner, resulting in highly congruent phylogenies as predicted by models of co-speciation in vertically transmitted parasites and their hosts (Page, 2003; Moe and Weiblen, 2010). The obligate mutualism between pollinating fig wasps and their host fig trees has historically been considered to be a one-to-one relationship (Wiebes and Compton, 1990; Rasplus, 1996), but increasingly numerous evidence is emerging of more than one pollinator species developing within a single host fig species, or a single pollinator species being associated with more than one host fig species (Rasplus, 1996; Molbo et al., 2003; Herre et al., 2008; Compton et al., 2009; Cornille et al., 2012; Wang et al., 2016; Rodriguez et al., 2017; Yu et al., 2019). The mutualism depends on the wasp providing a pollination service and the fig tree providing a breeding site for the pollinating wasp’s progeny, without either partner being able to reproduce without the other (Janzen, 1979; van Noort and van Harten, 2006; Cruaud et al., 2010, 2012). The fauna of Iranian Agaonidae has been poorly studied, with only a few contributions (e.g. Ghahari et al., 2010; Ghahari and van Noort, 2011; Ghahari and Huang, 2012; Kolaei et al., 2016). Based on our checklist, the fauna consists of just six species (~1.65% of the world species) in five genera. All six species we record were previously reported from Iran, though only one species was recorded by Noyes (2019). The species are classified in three subfamilies: Blastophaginae and Kradibiinae (both with one genus), and Agaoninae (three genera, of which only Eupristina Saunders has two species). There are no known species endemic to Iran and we do not list any new species records here, but the number of species will undoubtedly increase after more systematic collections are conducted. The

16

known species were collected from just eight provinces (East Azarbaijan, Fars, Golestan, Kerman, Khuzestan, Mazandaran, Sistan & Baluchestan and Yazd) (Table 21.4). The number of recorded species will likely increase also because of the increased spread of fig trees (Ficus spp.) in most regions of Iran; under the classification we use, all agaonids are obligate pollinators of fig trees. Comparison of the agaonid fauna of Iran with adjacent countries (Table 21.5) indicates that the fauna of Iran (six species) is as diverse as that of the United Arab Emirates (six species: Blastophaga psenes (L.), Ceratosolen arabicus Mayr, 1906, Ceratosolen galili Wiebes, 1964, Platyscapa awekei Wiebes, Platyscapa quadraticeps (Mayr, 1885), Eupristina verticillata Waterston) (van Noort and Rasplus, 2010), followed by Saudi Arabia (three species: Elisabethiella socotrensis (Mayr), Otitesella longicauda van Noort, 1997 and Otitesella rotunda van Noort, 1997) (van Noort and van Harten, 2006), Turkey (two species: B. psenes and E. verticillata), Iraq (one species: P. quadraticeps) and Afghanistan, Armenia, Pakistan, Russia and the former USSR (each with B. psenes). No species have been recorded from Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar or Turkmenistan based on Noyes (2019).

Checklist of Iranian AGAONIDAE Walker, 1846 Subfamily Agaoninae Walker, 1846 Genus Eupristina Saunders, 1882 Eupristina saundersi Grandi, 1916 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Khuzestan (Moravvej et al., 2016). General distribution: India, Papua New Guinea. Plant associations in Iran: Ficus benghalensis (Moraceae) (Moravvej et al., 2016). Eupristina verticillata Waterston, 1921 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Sakenin et al., 2019). General distribution: Australia, Bermuda, Brazil, Canary Islands, China, El Salvador, Hawaii, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Hong Kong, Madeira, Malaysia, Mexico, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Solomon Islands, Spain, Taiwan, Tunisia, Turkey, United States of America.

Chapter 1

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Plant associations in Iran: Ficus sp. (Moraceae) (Sakenin et al., 2019). Genus Elisabethiella Grandi, 1928 Elisabethiella socotrensis (Mayr, 1885) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari and van Noort (2011). Distribution in Iran: Yazd (Ghahari and van Noort, 2011). General distribution: Ethiopia, Kenya, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Plant associations in Iran: Ficus sp. (Moraceae) (Ghahari and van Noort, 2011). Genus Platyscapa Motschulsky, 1863 Platyscapa awekei Wiebes, 1977 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Sistan & Baluchestan (Ghahari and Huang, 2012, under Pteromalidae). General distribution: Botswana, Ethiopia, Iran, South Africa, Tanzania, Yemen, Zimbabwe. Subfamily Blastophaginae Kirchner, 1867 Genus Blastophaga Gravenhorst, 1829 Blastophaga psenes (Linnaeus, 1758) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari and van Noort (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan, Mazandaran (Ghahari and van Noort, 2011), Fars (Fazeli, 1987; Goldansaz et al., 1998; Modarres Awal, 2012; Kolaei et al., 2016; Zare et al., 2018), Iran (no specific locality) (van Noort and van Harten, 2006; Doğanlar, 2012). General distribution: Afghanistan, Algeria, Armenia, Australia, Canary Islands, Caucasus, Croatia, Eritrea, Ethiopia, France, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Nepal, Pakistan, South Africa, Turkey, Ukraine, United States of America, former USSR, Yemen. Plant associations in Iran: Ficus sp. (Moraceae) (Fazeli, 1987; Ghahari and van Noort, 2011; Modarres Awal, 2012), Ficus carica var. sylvestris (Goldansaz et al., 1998; Kolaei et al., 2016). Comments: The effect of cold storage on B. psenes inside different caprifig cultivar syconia was studied by Zare et al. (2018). Goldansaz et al. (1998) recorded Philotrypesis caricae (L.) (Pteromalidae) as a cleptoparasite of B. psenes, and Kolaei et al. (2016) recorded Schistonchus

Family Agaonidae Walker, 1846

caprifici (Gasparrini, 1864) (Nematoda: Aphelenchida: Aphelenchoididae) as a parasite. The association between Schistonchus and agaonids is probably ancient (Vovlas et al., 1992). Subfamily Kradibiinae Rasplus and van Noort, 2010 Genus Ceratosolen Mayr, 1885 Ceratosolen solmsi (Mayr, 1885) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Ghahari et al., 2010, as Ceratosolen marchali Mayr, 1906). General distribution: Australia, India, Indonesia, Malawi, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Vietnam. Plant associations in Iran: Ficus sp. (Moraceae) (Ghahari et al., 2010). Comments: Philotrypesis pilosa Mayr (Pteromalidae) is a parasitoid of C. solmsi (Ghahari et al., 2010).

References Aguiar, A.P., Deans, A.R., Engel, M.S., Forshage, M., Huber, J.T. et al. (2013) Order Hymenoptera. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (ed.) Animal biodiversity: an outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness (Addenda 2013). Zootaxa 3703, 51–62. Ahmed, S., Compton, S.G., Butlin, R.K. and Gilmartin, P.M. (2009) Wind-borne insects mediate directional pollen transfer between desert fig trees 160 kilometers apart. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106, 20342–20347. Barker, N.P. (1985) Evidence of a volatile attractant in Ficus ingens (Moraceae). Bothalia 15, 607–611. Bouček, Z. (1988) Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 832 pp. Compton, S.G., Grehan, K. and van Noort, S. (2009) A fig crop pollinated by three or more species of agaonid fig wasps. African Entomology 17, 215–222. Cook, J.M. and Rasplus, J.-Y. (2003) Mutualists with attitude: coevolving fig wasps and figs. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 18, 241–248. Cook, J.M. and Segar, S.T. (2010) Speciation in fig wasps. Ecological Entomology 35, 54–66. Cook, J.M. and West, S.A. (2005) Fig and fig wasps. Current Biology 15, 978–980. Cornille, A., Underhill, J.G., Cruaud, A., Hossaert-Mckey, M., Johnson, S.D. et al. (2012) Floral volatiles, pollinator sharing and diversification in the fig-wasp mutualism: insights from Ficus natalensis and its two wasp pollinators (South Africa). Proceedings of the Royal Society B 279, 1731–1739.

17

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Cruaud, A., Jabbour-Zahab, R., Genson, G., Cruaud, C., Couloux, A. et al. (2010) Laying the foundations for a new classification of Agaonidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), a multilocus phylogenetic approach. Cladistics 26, 359–387. Cruaud, A., Ronsted, N., Chantarasuwan, B., Chou, L.S., Clement, W.L. et al. (2012) An extreme case of plant–insect co-diversification: figs and fig-pollinating wasps. Systematic Biology 61, 1029–1047. Doğanlar, M. (2012) Occurrence of fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) in Ficus caria and F. microcarpa in Hatay, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology 36, 721–724. Faghih, H. and Sabet Sarvestani, J. (2001) Fig, Planting, Maintaining, Harvesting. Rahgosha Publication, Shiraz, Iran, 292 pp. [in Persian]. Fazeli, M. (1987) Some preliminary researches on Blastophaga psenes L. in Iran. Entomologie et Phytopathologie Appliquées 54, 75–82. Ghahari, H. and Huang, J. (2012) A study of the Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from western and northwestern Iran. Archives of Biological Science Belgrade 64, 353–357. Ghahari, H. and van Noort, S. (2011) A comment on Iranian fig wasps (Chalcidoidea: Agaonidae, Pteromalidae). Linzer biologische Beiträge 43, 1247–1252. Ghahari, H., Abd-Rabou, S., Sakenin, H., Hedqvist, K.J. and Ostovan, H. (2010) A contribution to some Chalcidoidea wasps (Hymenoptera) from Iran. Journal of Biological Control 24, 17–21. Gibernau, M., Buser, H.R., Frey, J.E. and HossaertMcKey, M. (1997) Volatile compounds from extracts of figs of Ficus carica. Phytochemistry 46, 241–244. Giblin-Davis, R.M., Center, B.J., Nadel, H., Frank, J.H. and Ramirez, W.B. (1995) Nematodes associated with fig wasps, Pegoscapus spp. (Agaonidae), and syconia of native Floridian figs (Ficus spp.). Journal of Nematology 27, 1–14. Goldansaz, S.H., Esmaili, M., Fagihi, H. and Sabet Sarvestani, J. (1998) Phylotrypesis caricae (Hym.: Torymidae) a cleptoparasite for Blastophaga psenes (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae) in Estahban, Fars. Proceedings of the 13th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 23–27 August 1998, Karaj Junior College of Agriculture, p. 150. Grison, L., Edwards, A.A. and Hossaert-McKey, M. (1999) Interspecies variation in floral fragrances emitted by tropical Ficus species. Phytochemistry 52, 1293–1299. Herre, E.A., Jander, K.C. and Machado, C.A. (2008) Evolutionary ecology of figs and their associates: recent progress and outstanding puzzles. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 39, 439–458. Hossaert-McKey, M., Gibernau, M. and Frey, J.E. (1994) Chemosensory attraction of fig wasps to substances produced by receptive figs. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 70, 185–191.

18

Huber, J.T. (2017) Biodiversity of Hymenoptera. In: Foottit, R.G. and Adler, P.H. (eds) Insect Biodiversity: Science and Society. Vol. I. 2nd edn. WileyBlackwell, Oxford, UK, pp. 303–323. Janzen, D.H. (1979) How to be a fig. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 10, 13–51. Kolaei, M., Abdollahi, M. and Monfared, A. (2016) Description and population change of Schistonchus caprifici, the nematode associated with the pollinator fig wasp, Blastophaga psenes, in Estahban, Iran. Entomofauna 37, 469–480. Liu, C., Yang, D.-R. and Peng, Y.-Q. (2011) Body size in a pollinating fig wasp and implications for stability in a figpollinator mutualism. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 138, 249–255. Lopez-Vaamonde, C., Wikström, N., Kjer, K.M., Weiblen, G., Rasplus, J.-Y., Machado, C.A. and Cook, J.M. (2009) Molecular dating and biogeography of fig-pollinating wasps. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 52, 715–726. Machado, C.A., Jousselin, E., Kjellberg, F., Compton, S. and Herre, E.A. (2001) Phylogenetic relationships, historical biogeography and character evolution of figpollinating wasps. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 268, 685–694. Machado, C.A., Robbins, N., Gilbert, M.T.P. and Herre, E.A. (2005) Critical review of host specificity and its coevolutionary implications in the fig/fig-wasp mutualism. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 102, 6558–6565. Modarres Awal, M. (2012) Family Agaonidae. In: Modarres Awal, M. (ed.) List of Agricultural Pests and their Natural Enemies in Iran. 3rd edn. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, Iran, p. 473. Moe, A.M. and Weiblen, G.D. (2010) Molecular divergence in allopatric Ceratosolen (Agaonidae) pollinators of geographically widespread Ficus (Moraceae) species. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 103, 1025–1037. Molbo, D., Machado, C.A., Sevenster, J.G., Keller, L. and Herre, E.A. (2003) Cryptic species of fig-pollinating wasps: implications for the evolution of the fig-wasp mutualism, sex allocation, and precision of adaptation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 100, 5867–5872. Moravvej, A., Shishehbor, P. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2016) A checklist of Chalcidoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Khuzestan in southwestern Iran. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematic 2, 121–142. Noyes, J.S. (2019) Universal Chalcidoidea Database. Available at: www.nhm.ac.uk/chalcidoids (accessed December 2019). Ollerton, J. (2006) ‘Biological barter’: patterns of specialization compared across different mutualisms. In: Waser, N. and Ollerton, J. (eds) Plant–pollinator Interactions. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, pp. 411–435.

Chapter 1

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Page, R.D.M. (2003) Tangled Trees: Phylogeny, Cospeciation and Coevolution. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, 378 pp. Priyadarsanan, D.R. (2000) Fig Insects of Kerala. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, 175 pp. Rasplus, J.Y. (1996) The one-to-one species specificity of the Ficus–Agaoninae mutualism: how casual? In: van der Maesen, L.J.G., van den Burgt, X.M. and van den Medenbrah de Rooy, J.M. (eds) The Biodiversity of African Plants. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 639–649. Rasplus, J.-Y., Kerdelhue, C., Clainche, I.I. and Mondor, G. (1998) Molecular phylogeny of fig wasps. Agaonidae are not monophyletic. Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, Paris 321, 517–527. Rodriguez, L.J., Bain, A., Chou, L.S., Conchou, L., Cruaud, A. et al. (2017) Diversification and spatial structuring in the mutualism between Ficus septica and its pollinating wasps in insular South East Asia. BMC Evolutionary Biology 17, 1–12. Sakenin, H., Samin, N., Trjapitzin, V.A., Dzhanokmen, K.A., Prinsloo, G.L. and Abd-Rabou, S. (2019) A faunistic study on Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) of Iran. Calodema 733, 1–5. Soler, C., Proffit M., Bessière, J.M., Hossaert-McKey, M. and Schatz, B. (2012) When males change their scents in presence of females, the case of the plant Ficus carica. Ecology Letters 15, 978–985. Souto-Vilarós, D., Proffit, M., Buatois, B., Rindos, M., Sisol, M. et al. (2018) Pollination along an elevational gradient mediated both by floral scent and pollinator compatibility in the fig and fig-wasp mutualism. Journal of Ecology 106, 2256–2273. van Noort, S. (2004) Fig wasp (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Agaonidae, Pteromalidae, Eurytomidae and Ormyridae) and Ficus (Moraceae) species richness and biogeography of Monts Doudou in Southwestern Gabon. California Academy of Sciences Memoir 28, 217–233. van Noort, S. and Rasplus, J.Y. (2010) Order Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea associated with figs (families Agaonidae and Pteromalidae). Arthropod Fauna of the UAE  3, 325–355.

Family Agaonidae Walker, 1846

van Noort, S. and van Harten, A. (2006) The species richness of fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Agaonidae, Pteromalidae) in Yemen. Fauna of Arabia 22, 449–472. van Noort, S., Ware, A.B. and Compton, S.G. (1989) Pollinator-specific volatile attractants released from the figs of Ficus burtt-davyi. South African Journal of Science 85, 323–324. Verkerke, W. (1986) Anatomy of Ficus ottoniifolia (Moraceae) syconia and its role in the fig–fig wasp symbiosis. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Series C, Biological and Medical Sciences 89, 443–469. Vovlas, N., Inserra, R.N. and Greco, N. (1992) Schistonchus caprifici parasitizing caprifig (Ficus carica sylvestris) florets and the relationship with its fig wasp (Blastophaga psenes) vector. Nematologica 38, 215–226. Wang, G., Cannon, C.H. and Chen, J. (2016) Pollinator sharing and gene flow among closely related sympatric dioecious fig taxa. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 283, 2015–2963. Ware, A.B., Kaye, P.T., Compton, S.G. and van Noort, S. (1993) Fig volatiles: their role in attracting pollinators and maintaining pollinator specificity. Plant Systematics and Evolution 186, 147–156. Weiblen, G. (2002) How to be a fig wasp? Annual Review of Entomology 47, 299–330. Wiebes, J.T. (1994) The Indo-Australian Agaoninae (pollinators of figs). North-Holland, Amsterdam, 208 pp. Wiebes, J.T. and Compton, S.G. (1990) Agaonidae (Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea) and Ficus (Moraceae): fig wasps and their figs, VI (Africa concluded). Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen (C) 93, 203–222. Yu, H., Tian, E., Zheng, L., Deng, X., Cheng, Y. et al. (2019) Multiple parapatric pollinators have radiated across a continental fig tree displaying clinal genetic variation. Molecular Ecology 28, 2391–2405. Zare, H., Darvishzadeh, H. and Rastegari, N. (2018) Effect of cold storage on Blastophaga psenes (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae) wasp inside different caprifig cultivars syconium. Plant Protection Journal 9, 17–33 [in Persian, English summary].

19

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

0.20 mm

 

 

Marietta sp. – ♀ (Aphelinidae) [photo courtesy of S. van Noort – Iziko Museums of South Africa]

Coccophagus sp. – ♀ (Aphelinidae) [photo courtesy of S. Abd-Rabou]

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

2



Family Aphelinidae Thomson, 1876 Gennaro Viggiani, Mohammad Hayat, Svetlana N. Myartseva, Hassan Ghahari, Shaaban Abd-Rabou and Jian Huang

Aphelinidae represents a diverse family of moderate size, containing 1397 species and four fossil species classified in 43 genera (Introduction, Table I.1). This family excludes the genus Myiocnema Ashmead, which Heraty et al. (2013) classified in Eriaporidae, and also the formerly recognized subfamily Azotinae (with one genus, Ablerus Howard), which was raised to family status by Heraty et al. (2013). We likewise treat azotines as a family (Chapter 3), though M. Hayat has some reservations about the classification of the Aphelinidae sensu Heraty et al. (2013) and is of the opinion that azotines should more correctly be classified as a subfamily in Aphelinidae. Aphelinids are virtually worldwide in distribution, occurring in all of the major zoogeographical regions with the exception of Antarctica (Yasnosh, 1978; Myartseva et al., 2012); they are small to very small insects generally not exceeding 1.0 mm in length, and are comparatively lightly sclerotized (Hayat, 1983). Their small size and tendency to shrivel upon air drying make them a challenge to study, because they deteriorate rapidly after death (e.g. preservation in ethanol), making identification of most museum specimens difficult (Yasnosh, 1983). Therefore, aphelinids should be initially mounted dry on cards and later mounted on slides in Canada balsam. It is rather difficult to separate Aphelinidae from other Chalcidoidea except by subtle features of wing venation and other difficult characters. For example, the number of tarsal segments and structure of the fore tibial spur are important characters to distinguish Eulophidae (tarsi 4-segmented and fore tibial spur straight and simple) from Pteromalidae (tarsi 5-segmented and fore tibial spur curved and cleft). Most Aphelinidae are similar to Pteromalidae in these features, but Calesinae are similar to Eulophidae in both features and Eretmocerinae are similar to Eulophidae in the number of tarsal segments but to Pteromalidae in fore tibial spur structure. Some of

the more significant characters in Hayat’s (1998) diagnosis of the family include mesoscutum with complete notauli, propodeum transverse or broad, fore wing with long marginal vein, short stigmal vein, and short or absent postmarginal vein, and ovipositor with third valvula distinctly separated and articulated with third valvifer. While this character combination might serve to differentiate Aphelinidae from other families of Chalcidoidea, taken individually the features are not unique to Aphelinidae. In recent years, in addition to the use of morphological characters in the identification of species and higher taxa, molecular analyses using various gene regions and methods such as ultraconserved elements and anchored enrichment have gained prominence and may lead to a better understanding of the phylogenetic relationships of the taxa included in Aphelinidae (e.g. Campbell et al., 2000; Heraty et al., 2013). Aphelinidae was never recovered as a monophyletic taxon in any of the combined morphology and molecular analyses of Heraty et al. (2013), though a polyphyletic Aphelinidae was indicated as forming a ‘soft-bodied’ clade of Chalcidoidea along with Eulophidae, Signiphoridae, Tetracampidae and Trichogrammatidae. Heraty et al. (2013) proposed that Aphelinidae should be restricted to five subfamilies: the Aphelininae, Calesinae, Coccophaginae, Eretmocerinae and, tentatively, Eriaphytinae. We follow their subfamily classification for our checklist, but Eriaphytinae is restricted to the Oriental region and is not known from Iran. Aphelinidae are primary parasitoids or hyperparasitoids of various insects, with the greatest majority attacking Aleyrodidae, Coccoidea or Aphididae (Hemiptera), though a few attack species of Psylloidea, eggs of various species of Auchenorrhyncha, Reduvioidea, Lepidoptera or Orthoptera, and a few others the larvae or pupae of Dryinidae (Hymenoptera), Cecidomyiidae or Chamaemyiidae (Diptera) (Viggiani, 1984; Gauld and Bolton, 1988; Polaszek, 1991;

© CAB International 2021. Chalcidoidea of Iran (Insecta: Hymenoptera) (eds. H. Ghahari, G.A.P. Gibson and G. Viggiani). DOI: 10.1079/9781789248463.0002

21

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Woolley, 1997; Hunter and Woolley, 2001; Liu et al., 2015). The hosts of Aphelinidae include some of the most destructive pests that cause considerable economic loss through severe crop damage in most agroecosystems. The pests frequently transfer bacteria and viruses resulting in leaf distortion, wilting, twig dieback and reduced growth and vigour (Gerling, 1990; Dolling, 1991; Gould et al., 2008; Japoshvili et al., 2015). Aphelinid species therefore act as important agents in biological control of insect pests of plants, particularly in greenhouses, and several species have been successfully used in classical and integrated biocontrol projects (Chervonenko, 1997; Japoshvili, 2018). Along with the species of the family Encyrtidae, they have been used to successfully control many pest species (Noyes, 1985; Bellows and Fisher, 1999), especially of Hemipteran pests including whiteflies (Aleyroididae), armoured scales (Diaspididae), soft scales (Coccidae) and aphids (Aphididae). For example, Encarsia formosa Gahan has been used for many years to control the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Aleyroididae), a serious pest of numerous horticultural plants in greenhouses; Aphelinus mali Haldeman successfully controls Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann) (Aphididae) on apple in some areas; and Aphytis holoxanthus DeBach was introduced into Florida, Mexico, Israel and South Africa from Hong Kong and effectively controlled Chrysomphalus aonidum (L.) (Diaspididae), a pest of citrus (Hoddle et al., 1998; Myartseva and RuizCancino, 2000; Abd-Rabou and Evans, 2011). Some aphelinids, the subfamily Coccophaginae (Encarsia Förster, Coccophagus Westwood, etc.), reproduce with unusual and interesting sex-differentiation systems (Viggiani, 1984). The fauna of Iranian Aphelinidae was first catalogued by Farahbakhsh (1961), who listed eight species in three genera: Aphytis Howard, Coccophagus and Encarsia (as Prospaltella Ashmead). Modarres Awal (1997) subsequently reported 32 species (three species and subspecies of Aspidiotiphagus Howard and four species of Coccophagus under Eulophidae). Modarres Awal (2012) listed 51 species (three species and subspecies of Aspidiotiphagus and five species of Coccophagus under Eulophidae). AbdRabou et al. (2013, 2019) increased the number to 126 species in nine genera and 146 species in 12 genera, respectively (without the families Azotidae and Eriaporidae). Based on our checklist, the fauna of Iranian Aphelinidae consists of 138 species (~9.9% of the world species) following our inclusion of

22

three newly recorded species (Aphytis chilensis Howard (Aphelininae), Coccophagus gossypariae Gahan and Encarsia leucaspidis (Mercet) (Coccophaginae)) and the exclusion of 19 species (Table 21.2); six of the recorded species are currently considered as endemic to Iran (Table 21.3). The species are classified in 13 genera in four subfamilies: Aphelininae (37 species in six genera), Calesinae (one species), Coccophaginae (82 species in five genera) and Eretmocerinae (18 species in one genus). The most speciose genus is Encarsia with 46 recorded species, followed by Eretmocerus Haldeman (18 species), Aphytis and Coccophagus (both with 17 species), Aphelinus Dalman (14 species), Coccobius Ratzeburg (11 species), Pteroptrix Westwood (seven species), Marietta Motschulsky (three species) and Cales Howard, Centrodora Förster, Diaspiniphagus Silvestri, Proaphelinoides Girault and Protaphelinus Mackauer (each with one species). Species have been recorded from 27 of the 31 Iranian provinces (Table 21.4), including 44 species from Mazandaran, followed by Guilan (41 species) and Golestan (38 species). No species have been recorded from Bushehr, Hormozgan, Kuhgiloyeh & Boyerahmad or Qom provinces (Fig. 2.1). Most Iranian aphelinids are beneficial parasitoids of agricultural pests in the families Aleyrodidae, Aphalaridae, Aphididae, Coccidae, Diaspididae, Eriococcidae, Liviidae, Pseudococcidae and Psyllidae (Hemiptera), though a few are hyperparasitoids. Comparison of the aphelinid fauna of Iran with those of adjacent countries (Table 21.5) indicates that the fauna of Iran (138 species) is the most diverse, followed by Russia (69 species), Turkey (49 species), Pakistan (47 species), Azerbaijan (36 species), Kazakhstan (18 species), Turkmenistan (14 species), Afghanistan and Armenia (both with ten species), Saudi Arabia (nine species), Iraq (seven species), Oman (four species) and United Arab Emirates (two species). Only 68 species were reported for the larger land area of the former USSR compared with Russia, and no species have been recorded from Bahrain, Kuwait or Qatar (Noyes, 2019). The large difference between the numbers of Aphelinidae recorded from Iran and from surrounding countries indicates that the fauna of these countries are much more poorly known than that of Iran. However, among the 15 countries adjacent to Iran, Turkey shares the most known species with Iran (46 species), followed by Russia (42 species), Pakistan (37 species), Azerbaijan (27 species), Kazakhstan

Chapter 2

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

50

44

45

41

Number of species

40

38 34

35

30

30

24

25

19

20

19

20

17 13

11

15

10

10 5

10

7 4

2

4

2

1

3

5 1

5

4 1

an

N

or

Ke r

m

G

ui

la n sh Si th st er Lo ah an n re & Kh sta Ba or n lu asa ch n es K ta R Ma rem n az z av an an i K da ho ran Kh ras uz an es ta n Fa Is rs fa W es Go ha t A le n Ea z st C st arb an ha Az ai ha ar jan rm ba ah al T ijan & eh Ba ra kh n ti Ar ari d H a am bi a l M dan ar k Q azi az Za vin nj an Ila m Ya So zd A ut K lb he or or r n d e tz Kh rsta or n a Se san m na n

0

4

Provinces of Iran Fig. 2.1.  Number of species of Aphelinidae from Iran by province.

(15 species), Afghanistan and Turkmenistan (both with nine species), Armenia (seven species), Iraq (six species), Saudi Arabia (five species), Oman (three species), and United Arab Emirates (one species).

Checklist of Iranian APHELINIDAE Thomson, 1876 Subfamily Aphelininae Thomson, 1876 Genus Aphelinus Dalman, 1820 Aphelinus abdominalis (Dalman, 1820) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Shahrokhi-Khangah et al., 2008), Mazandaran (Ghahari et al., 2010). General distribution: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Brazil, Chile, China, Croatia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, India, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Transcaucasus, United Kingdom, former USSR, Zimbabwe.

Family Aphelinidae Thomson, 1876

Host records in Iran: Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Ghahari et al., 2010), Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Bani-Hashemi et al., 2014). Aphelinus albipodus Hayat and Fatima, 1992 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Ghahari et al., 2010), Iran (no specific locality) (Zareh et al., 1995). General distribution: Chad, China, India, Japan, Paraguay, Russia, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Zareh et al., 1995), Aphis fabae (Scopoli) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Ghahari et al., 2010). Aphelinus annulipes (Walker, 1851) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2019). Distribution in Iran: Ardabil (Abd-Rabou et al., 2019). General distribution: Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom.

23

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Host records in Iran: Saltusaphis scirpus (Theobald) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2019). Aphelinus argiope Walker, 1839 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Ghahari et al., 2010). General distribution: Czech Republic, Germany, India, Slovakia, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Aphis grossulariae Kaltenbach (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Ghahari et al., 2010). Aphelinus asychis (Walker, 1839) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Shojai, 1998), Guilan (Ghahari et al., 2010), Tehran (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Rakhshani et al., 2004), Iran (no specific locality) (OILB, 1971; Monadjemi, 1972, 1979). General distribution: Afghanistan, Angola, Argentina, Australia, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Brazil, Chile, China, Colombia, Croatia, Czech Republic, Egypt, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hawaii, Hungary, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan, Portugal, Russia, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Chromaphis juglandicola (Kaltenbach) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Rakhshani et al., 2004; Modarres Awal, 2012), Therioaphis maculata (Buckton) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Buckton) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998; Ghahari et al., 2010), Aphis craccivora (Koch) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Ghahari et al., 2010). Aphelinus chaonia Walker, 1839 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Ardabil (Bani-Hashemi et al., 2014). General distribution: Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Brazil, Chile, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Egypt, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Lithuania, Madeira, Montenegro, Nepal, Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Bani-Hashemi et al., 2014).

24

Aphelinus flaviventris Kurdjumov, 1913 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Ahmadi and Sarafrazi, 1993; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Guilan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2016 – in rice field; Samin et  al., 2019), Khuzestan (Modarres Awal, 1997; Mossadegh and Kocheili, 2003; Rezaei et al., 2006; Moravvej et al., 2016), Zanjan (Tarasi et al., 2004, 2008; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Azerbaijan, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Spain, Sweden, Transcaucasus, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Ahmadi and Sarafrazi, 1993; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Hyadaphis coriandri (Das) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Modarres Awal, 1997), Pemphigus spirothecae Passeriini (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Tarasi et al., 2004, 2008), Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Rezaei et al., 2006), Macrosiphum sp. (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Samin et al., 2019). Aphelinus gossypii Timberlake, 1924 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Ghahari et al., 2010). General distribution: Brazil, Hawaii, India, Israel, Japan, Nepal, New Zealand, Réunion, South Africa, Tonga, Ukraine, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Ghahari et al., 2010). Aphelinus humilis Mercet, 1927 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Isfahan (Ghahari et al., 2010). General distribution: Argentina, Belarus, Chile, Czech Republic, India, Moldova, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Macrosiphum rosae (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Ghahari et al., 2010). Aphelinus mali Haldeman, 1851 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Ghahari et al., 2010), Iran (no specific locality) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012).

Chapter 2

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

General distribution: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Caucasus, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, France, Georgia, Germany, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Lebanon, Malta, Mexico, Moldova, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, former USSR, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, former Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Host records in Iran: Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Ghahari et al., 2010). Aphelinus paramali Zehavi and Rosen, 1989 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Razavi Khorasan (Darsuei et al., 2011). General distribution: Angola, Egypt, Iran, Israel. Host records in Iran: Aphis pomi (de Geer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Darsuei et al., 2011). Aphelinus semiflavus Howard, 1908 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Ghahari et al., 2010, as Aphelinus maidis Timberlake, 1924 – misidentification), Guilan (Abd-Rabou et  al., 2013). General distribution: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, Hawaii, Iran, Israel, Italy, Korea, Mexico, Russia, Spain, Turkey, United States of America, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Aphis sp. (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Ghahari et al., 2010), Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2013). Comments: Noyes (2019) listed A. semiflavus as present also in India, but M. Hayat believes that it does not occur there. Aphelinus subflavescens (Westwood, 1837) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Ghahari et al., 2010, as Aphelinus perpallidus Gahan, 1924 – ­misidentification), Razavi Khorasan (Ghahari et al., 2010, as Aphelinus ancer Hayat, 1990 – misidentification).

Family Aphelinidae Thomson, 1876

General distribution: Argentina, Azerbaijan, Bosnia Hercegovina, Chile, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Netherlands, New Zealand, Slovakia, South Africa, Transcaucasus, Turkmenistan, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Brevicoryne sp. (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Ghahari et al., 2010), Macrosiphoniella sanborni (Gillette) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Ghahari et al., 2010). Aphelinus varipes (Förster, 1841) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Ardabil (Lotfalizadeh, 2002; Bani-Hashemi et al., 2014), Fars (Ahmadi and Sarafrazi, 1993; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Isfahan (Ghahari et al., 2010, as both Aphelinus varipes and Aphelinus desantisi Hayat, 1972 – misidentification). General distribution: Australia, Azores, Belgium, Chile, Croatia, Czech Republic, Egypt, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan, Portugal, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR (Noyes, 2019); India (Hayat, 1998). Host records in Iran: Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Ahmadi and Sarafrazi, 1993; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Ghahari et al., 2010), Aphis gossypii (Glover) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Lotfalizadeh, 2002), Longiungius pyrarius (Passerini, 1861) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Pyrus sp. (Rosaceae) (Ghahari et al., 2010 under Aphelinus desantisi), Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Bani-­Hashemi et al., 2014). Genus Aphytis Howard, 1900 Aphytis abnormis (Howard, 1881) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2019). Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan (Abd-Rabou et al., 2019). General distribution: France, Greece, Hungary, Spain, Turkey, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Lepidosaphes ulmi (L.) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2019).

25

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Aphytis africanus Quednau, 1964 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Ghahari et al., 2010). General distribution: Argentina, Egypt, Israel, Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland, United States of America, Zimbabwe. Host records in Iran: Parlatoria zizyphi (Lucas) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Ghahari et al., 2010). Aphytis aonidiae (Mercet, 1911) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Jamalomidi et al., 2012a,b), Hamadan (Ghahari et al., 2010). General distribution: Argentina, Armenia, Caucasus, Chile, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Egypt, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine, United States of America, Uruguay, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Diaspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Ghahari et al., 2010), Diaspididae (Jamalomidi et al., 2012a,b). Aphytis chilensis Howard, 1900 Catalogues with Iranian records: None (newly recorded from Iran). Distribution in Iran: Lorestan province, Azna (Kamandan), 2♀, ex Parlatoria oleae (Colvée, 1880) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on Fraxinus excelsior (Oleaceae), August 2015. General distribution: Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Caucasus, Chile, Cyprus, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Lebanon, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, South Africa, Spain, Tunisia, Turkey, United States of America, former USSR. Aphytis chrysomphali (Mercet, 1912) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Ebrahimi et al., 2012; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2014), Golestan (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005), Guilan (Ebrahimi, 2014 – in citrus orchard), Markazi (Yousefi et al., 2018), Mazandaran (Radjabi, 1989; Ebrahimi, 2014; Toorani et al., 2017a,b, 2019; Toorani and Abbasipour, 2019), Caspian Sea area and Southern provinces (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Northern Iran (Kiriukhin, 1947), Iran (no specific locality) (Moghaddam, 2017).

26

General distribution: Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Caucasus, Chile, China, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Dominican Republic, Egypt, El Salvador, Fiji, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Haiti, Hungary, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Lebanon, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mexico, Morocco, New Caledonia, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Surinam, Swaziland, Taiwan, Tanzania, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, United States of America, Uruguay, former USSR, former Yugoslavia, Zimbabwe. Host records in Iran: Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005), Aonidiella citrina (Coquillett) (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Moghaddam, 2017), Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead), Parlatoria oleae (Colvée), Parlatoria zizyphi (Lucas) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Moghaddam, 2017), Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (Morgan) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Ebrahimi, 2014), Sphaerolecanium prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Ebrahimi et al., 2012; Yousefi et al., 2018), Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni Tozzetti) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) in kiwi orchards (Toorani et al., 2017a,b, 2019; Toorani and Abbasipour, 2019), Diaspidiotus slavonicus Borchsenius, Lepidosaphes malicola Borchsenius (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2014). Comments: Noyes (2019) listed A. chrysomphali as also present in India, but M. Hayat believes that it does not occur there. Modarres Awal (1997, 2012) listed A. chrysomphali var. mazandaranica as a parasitoid of Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (Morgan) and Parlatoria oleae (Colvée) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), and Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2005) reported Chartocerus rosanovi Sugonjaev (Signiphoridae) as a hyperparasitoid. Aphytis diaspidis (Howard, 1881) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2019), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Iran (no specific locality) (Noyes, 2019). General distribution: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bermuda, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Cyprus, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia,

Chapter 2

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

France, Greece, Grenada, Haiti, Iran, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Lebanon, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Pakistan, Peru, Poland, Rwanda, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka, Switzerland, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay. Comments: Noyes (2019) listed A. diaspidis as also present in India, but M. Hayat believes that it does not occur there. Aphytis hispanicus (Mercet, 1912) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Jamalomidi et al., 2012a,b), Hamadan (Ghahari et al., 2010), Mazandaran (Feli Kohikheili and Damavandian, 2017). General distribution: Algeria, Argentina, Barbados, Brazil, Caucasus, Chile, China, Czech Republic, Egypt, France, Georgia, Haiti, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Lebanon, Mexico, Morocco, Myanmar, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, Transcaucasus, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Diaspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Ghahari et al., 2010), Diaspididae (Jamalomidi et al., 2012a,b), Ceroplastes sinensis Del Guercio (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Citrus aurantium (Rutaceae) and on Hedera helix (Araliaceae) (Feli Kohikheili and Damavandian, 2017). Comments: Noyes (2019) listed A. hispanicus as also present in India, but M. Hayat believes that it does not occur there. Aphytis holoxanthus DeBach, 1960 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2019). Distribution in Iran: Zanjan (Abd-Rabou et al., 2019). General distribution: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Caribbean, China, Cuba, Cyprus, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Hong Kong, India, Israel, Lebanon, Mexico, Peru, South Africa, Taiwan, Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Lepidosaphes beckii (Newman) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2019). Aphytis lepidosaphes Compere, 1955 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019).

Family Aphelinidae Thomson, 1876

Distribution in Iran: Isfahan (Ghahari et al., 2010), Iran (no specific locality) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012). General distribution: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Chile, China, Costa Rica, Cyprus, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Fiji, France, Greece, Hawaii, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Lebanon, Mexico, Myanmar, New Caledonia, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, South Africa, Spain, Taiwan, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (Morgan) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Ghahari et al., 2010). Comments: Noyes (2019) listed A. lepidosaphes as also present in India, but M. Hayat believes that it does not occur there. Aphytis libanicus Traboulsi, 1969 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Isfahan (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012). General distribution: Egypt, Iran, Israel, Italy, Lebanon, Turkey. Host records in Iran: Lepidosaphes conchiformis (Gmelin) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012). Aphytis lingnanensis Compere, 1955 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Ghahari et al., 2010). General distribution: Argentina, Australia, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, China, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Egypt, El Salvador, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mexico, Morocco, New Caledonia, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, South Africa, Spain, Taiwan, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Uruguay, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Ghahari et al., 2010). Aphytis maculicornis (Masi, 1911) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars, Isfahan, Markazi, Tehran (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Caspian Sea area (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012). General distribution: Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Egypt, France,

27

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Georgia, Greece, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Mexico, Morocco, Pakistan, Russia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Tajikistan, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Ukraine, United States of America, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Aspidiotus hederae (Vallot), Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (Morgan), Parlatoria oleae (Colvée), Parlatoria pergandii (Comstock) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012). Comments: Noyes (2019) listed A. maculicornis as also present in India, but M. Hayat believes that it does not occur there. Aphytis melinus DeBach, 1959 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Jamalomidi et al., 2012a,b; Samin et al., 2019), Mazandaran (Ghahari et al., 2010). General distribution: Argentina, Australia, Chile, China, Cyprus, France, Georgia, Greece, India, Israel, Italy, Mexico, Morocco, Netherlands, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, South Africa, Spain, Turkey, United States of America, Uruguay, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Ghahari et al., 2010), Diaspididae (Jamalomidi et al., 2012a,b), Aspidiotus nerii Bouché (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), Aspidiotus destructor Signoret (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), Parlatoria pergandii Comstock (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Samin et al., 2019). Aphytis mytilaspidis (Le Baron, 1870) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Caspian Sea area, Isfahan, Tehran (Radjabi, 1989; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Fars (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Ebrahimi, 2014), Kerman (Yazdani and Radjabi, 1993), Khuzestan (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Mossadegh and Kocheili, 2003; Moravvej et al., 2016), Lorestan (Abolmasoumi et al., 2009, 2010), Markazi (Radjabi, 1989; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Abolmasoumi et al., 2009, 2010), Semnan (Radjabi, 1989; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Mirseyed et al., 2013), Yazd (Mokhtari and Jafari Nodooshan, 2018), Iran (no specific locality) (Moghaddam, 2017). General distribution: Algeria, Argentina, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Caucasus, Chile, China, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Egypt, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary,

28

Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Macedonia, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Lepidosaphes malicola Borchsenius (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Ebrahimi, 2014 – in apple orchard), Parlatoria oleae (Colvée) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Moghaddam, 2017), Parlatoria blanchardi (Targioni Tozzetti) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Lepidosaphes pistaciae (Archangelskaya) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Yazdani and Radjabi, 1993; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Mokhtari and Jafari Nodooshan, 2018), Clidaspis asiatica (Arch) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Abolmasoumi et al., 2009, 2010). Comments: Noyes (2019) listed A. mytilaspidis as also present in India, but M. Hayat believes that it does not occur there. Aphytis neuter Yasnosh and Myartseva, 1971 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2019). Distribution in Iran: Northern Khorasan (Abd-Rabou et al., 2019). General distribution: Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, former USSR, Uzbekistan. Host records in Iran: Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (AbdRabou et al., 2019). Aphytis paramaculicornis DeBach and Rosen, 1976 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2019), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Kermanshah (Jalilvand et al., 2013). General distribution: Egypt, Georgia, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Melanaspis inopinata (Leonardi), Mercetaspis halli (Green), Parlatoria oleae (Colvée) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Jalilvand et al., 2013). Aphytis proclia (Walker, 1839) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars, Isfahan, Markazi, Tehran (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Ebrahimi, 2014),

Chapter 2

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Golestan (Aliakbar Aghadokht et al., 2010), Guilan (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Ebrahimi, 2014; Abbasi Mojdehi and Ghannad Amooz, 2019), Khuzestan (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Mossadegh and Kocheili, 2003; Moravvej et al., 2016), Mazandaran (Alhosseini and Mostofi-Pour, 1995; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Alhosseini et al., 1998; Ebrahimi, 2014; Toorani et al., 2017a, 2019; Toorani and Abbasipour, 2019), Iran (no specific locality) (Moghaddam, 2017). General distribution: Algeria, Argentina, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Canada, Caucasus, Chile, China, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, El Salvador, France, Georgia, Germany, Hawaii, Hungary, India, Iran, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Macedonia, Mexico, Moldova, Morocco, Myanmar, Netherlands, North Korea, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni Tozzetti) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Alhosseini and Mostofi-Pour, 1995; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Ebrahimi, 2014; Toorani et al., 2017a, 2019; Moghaddam, 2017; Toorani and Abbasipour, 2019 – in kiwi orchard; Abbasi Mojdehi and Ghannad Amooz, 2019 – in kiwi orchard), Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell), Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (Morgan), Parlatoria oleae (Colvée) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead) (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Moghaddam, 2017). Comments: Aliakbar Aghadokht et al. (2010) recorded Ablerus perspeciosus Girault (Azotidae) as a hyperparasitoid of A. proclia. Aphytis spp. Distribution in Iran: Fars (Lachiani and Ahmadi, 1993a), Isfahan (Jalaeian et al., 2013). Host records in Iran: Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Lachiani and Ahmadi, 1993a), hyperparasitoid of Coccobius annulicornis (Ratzeburg) (Aphelinidae) (Jalaeian et al., 2013). Genus Centrodora Förster, 1878 Centrodora amoena Förster, 1878 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2019).

Family Aphelinidae Thomson, 1876

Distribution in Iran: Kordestan (Abd-Rabou et al., 2019). General distribution: Azerbaijan, Czech Republic, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Conocephalus sp. nr. fuscus (Fabricius) (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) (AbdRabou et al., 2019). Centrodora spp. Distribution in Iran: Hamadan (Modarres Awal, 1997; Shojai, 1998). Host records in Iran: Cicadatra ochreata (Melichar) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) (Modarres Awal, 1997; Shojai, 1998). Genus Marietta Motschulsky, 1863 Marietta carnesi (Howard, 1910) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2019). Distribution in Iran: Qazvin (Abd-Rabou et al., 2019). General distribution: Australia, China, Egypt, Hawaii, India, Italy, Japan, Mauritius, Micronesia, New Caledonia, Russia, South Korea, Spain, United States of America, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Parlatoria pergandii Comstock (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2019). Marietta leopardina Motschulsky, 1863 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Sistan & Baluchestan (Manzari, 2007). General distribution: Bangladesh, Cameroon, Congo, Egypt, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, India, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mauritius, Morocco, Namibia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Paraguay, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Taiwan, Togo, Turkey, United States of America, West Africa, Zaire. Host records in Iran: Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) (Manzari, 2007). Comments: Manzari (2007) reported M. leopardina as a hyperparasitoid of Encarsia sp. [= Encarsia indigoferae Polaszek and Manzari, 2008]. Marietta picta (André, 1878) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019), Noyes (2019).

29

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Jafari et al., 2015), Fars (Yazdani and Mehrnejad, 1993; Lotfalizadeh and Ahmadi, 2000; Hesami and Fallahzadeh, 2004b; Fallahzadeh et al., 2008, 2011; Modarres Awal, 2012; Ebrahimi, 2014; Ghajarieh et al., 2014), Hamadan (Rajabi Mazhar et al., 2003; Rajabi Mazaher and Sadeghi, 2006, as Marietta zebrata (Mercet, 1916)), Kerman (Yazdani and Mehrnejad, 1993; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Ebrahimi et al., 1998; Emami and Mehrnejad, 2004; Jalaeian et al., 2011), Kermanshah (Jalilvand et al., 2014), Khuzestan (Moravvej et al., 2016; Tamoli Torfi et al., 2019), Kordestan (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005), Razavi Khorasan (Nazari et al., 2018), Southern Khorasan (Lotfalizadeh et  al., 2019), Tehran (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998; Talebi et al., 2008), Yazd (Yazdani and Mehrnejad, 1993), Zanjan (Keyhanian et al., 1995; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012, as M. zebrata). General distribution: Armenia, Canada, China, Czech Republic, Egypt, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Moldova, Peru, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden,Transcaucasus, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Agonoscena cisti (Paton) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) (Yazdani and Mehrnejad, 1993), Euphyllura olivina (Costa) (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) (Keyhanian et al., 1995; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012 under Marietta zebrata), Anagyrus pseudococci (Girault) (Encyrtidae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998), Psyllaephagus pistaciae Ferrière (Encyrtidae) (Ebrahimi et al., 1998; Emami and Mehrnejad, 2004; Modarres Awal, 2012), Psyllopsis repens Loginova (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) (Rajabi Mazhar et al., 2003; Rajabi Mazaher and Sadeghi, 2006, under Marietta zebrata), Anagyrus dactylopii (Howard) on Nipaecoccus filamentosus (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005), Planococcus vovae (Nasonov) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Lotfalizadeh and Ahmadi, 2000; Talebi et al., 2008), Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Fallahzadeh et al., 2008, 2011), Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt and Lauterer (Jalaeian et al., 2011), Phenacoccus sp. on Euphorbia helioscopia (Euphorbiaceae), Planococcus vovae on Hesperocyparis arizonica (Cupressaceae) (Jalilvand et al., 2014), Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

30

(Ghajarieh et al., 2014), Anagyrus sp. on Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Ebrahimi), Pseudococcus comstocki (Kuwana) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Jafari et al., 2015), Peliococcus kimmericus (Kiritshenko) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Nazari et al., 2018), Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Tamoli Torfi et al., 2019), Anophococcus abaii (Danzig) (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae) on Haloxylon ammodendron (Amaranthaceae) (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2019). Genus Proaphelinoides Girault, 1917 Proaphelinoides elongatiformis Girault, 1917 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2019). Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Abd-Rabou et al., 2019). General distribution: Caucasus, China, Georgia, Guam, Japan, Sri Lanka, Transcaucasus, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Odonaspis secreta (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2019). Genus Protaphelinus Mackauer, 1972 Protaphelinus nikolskajae (Yasnosh, 1963) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Tehran (Hasanshahi et al., 2014). General distribution: Azerbaijan, China, Denmark, France, Georgia, India, Pakistan, Russia, Spain. Host records in Iran: Pemphigus immunis Buckton (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Hasanshahi et al., 2014). Subfamily Calesinae Mercet, 1929 Genus Cales Howard, 1907 Cales noacki Howard, 1907 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2019). Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Abd-Rabou et al., 2019). General distribution: Argentina, Azores, Brazil, Canary Islands, Chile, El Salvador, France, Greece, Haiti, Israel, Italy, Madeira, Malta, Mexico, Morocco, Peru, Réunion, Spain, Tunisia, Turkey, United States of America, Uruguay. Host records in Iran: Parabemisia myricae (Kuwana) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2019).

Chapter 2

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Subfamily Coccophaginae Förster, 1878 Genus Coccobius Ratzeburg, 1852 Coccobius annulicornis (Ratzeburg, 1852) Coccobius testaceus (Masi, 1909); Physcus testaceus Masi, 1909. Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Davatchi and Shojai, 1969; Shojai, 1998), Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari, Hamadan, Markazi (Radjabi, 1989; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012, both as Physcus testaceus), East Azarbaijan (Ebrahimi et al., 2012; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2014), Fars (Ebrahimi, 2014, as Coccobius testaceus – in apple orchard), Golestan (Ghahari et al., 2010), Isfahan (Radjabi, 1989; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012, both as P. testaceus; Ghahari et al., 2010; Jalaeian et al., 2013, 2014), Kerman (Yazdani and Radjabi, 1993, as P. testaceus), Razavi Khorasan (Jalaeian et al., 2014), Semnan (Mirseyed et al., 2013, as C. testaceus), Tehran (Radjabi, 1989; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005, both as P. testaceus), Yazd (Mokhtari and Jafari Nodooshan, 2018). General distribution: Azerbaijan, Caucasus, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Egypt, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Lebanon, Moldova, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, Uzbekistan. Host records in Iran: Diaspididae (Yazdani and Radjabi, 1993), Parlatoria olea (Colvée) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998), Tecaspis asiatica Balachowsky (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Chionaspis salicis (L.), Aspidiotus hederae (Vallot, 1829) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Ghahari et al., 2010), Sphaerolecanium prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Ebrahimi et al., 2012; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2014), Lepidosaphes pistaciae (Archangelskaya) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Jalaeian et al., 2013, 2014; Mokhtari and Jafari Nodooshan, 2018), Lepidosaphes malicola Borchsenius (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998; Ebrahimi, 2014; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2014), Didesmococcus unifasciatus (Archangelskaya) (Hemiptera: Coccidae), Lepidosaphes ulmi (L.) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2014). Comments: Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2005) reported Ablerus chrysomphali (Ghesquière) (Azotidae) as a hyperparasitoid of C. annulicornis.

Family Aphelinidae Thomson, 1876

Coccobius contigaspidis (Yasnosh, 1968) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Isfahan (Ghahari et al., 2010, as Coccobius fusciventris (Girault, 1913) - misidentification), Kerman (Basij et al., 2012). General distribution: Armenia, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) in citrus orchards (Basij et al., 2012), Parlatoria blanchardii (TargioniTozzetti) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Ghahari et al., 2010). Coccobius danzigae (Yasnosh, 1977) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Kermanshah (Jalilvand et al., 2012, 2013). General distribution: Russia, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Diaspidiotus gigas (Thiem and Gerneck) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on Populus trichocarpa (Salicaceae) (Jalilvand et al., 2012, 2013). Coccobius noaeae (Yasnosh, 1968) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Kermanshah (Ghahari et al., 2010, as Coccobius diaspidis (Howard, 1907) – misidentification). General distribution: Azerbaijan, Georgia, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Diaspis boisduvalii Signoret (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Ghahari et al., 2010). Coccobius fulvus (Compere and Annecke, 1961) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Guilan, Razavi Khorasan (Ghahari et al., 2010), Hamadan (Ghahari et al., 2010, as Coccobius nigriceps (Girault, 1913) – misidentification), West Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al., 2010, as Coccobius flaviceps (Girault and Dodd, 1915) – misidentification). General distribution: Afghanistan, China, France, India, Japan, Taiwan, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Chlidaspis asiatica (Archangelskaya), Aulacaspis rosae (Bouché) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Ghahari et al., 2010), Lepidosaphes granati Koroneos (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Ghahari et al., 2010), Lepidosaphes conchiformis (Gmelin) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Ghahari et al., 2010, under Coccobius flaviceps).

31

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Coccobius indefinitus (Yasnosh and Myartseva, 1972) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Golestan, Mazandaran (Ghahari et al., 2010), Kermanshah (Ghahari et al., 2010, as Coccobius pullus Prinsloo, 1995 – misidentification). General distribution: Armenia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Quadraspidiotus zonatus (Frauenfeldt) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), Melanaspis inopinata (Leonardi) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Ghahari et al., 2010). Coccobius mesasiaticus (Yasnosh and Myartseva, 1971) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2019), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Ghahari et al., 2010, as Coccobius multicolor (Girault, 1915) – misidentification). General distribution: Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Iran, Turkmenistan, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Parlatoria oleae (Colvée) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Ghahari et al., 2010). Coccobius pistacicolus (Yasnosh, 1968) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Shahbazvar et al., 2019). General distribution: Azerbaijan, Georgia, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Lepidosaphes pallida (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on Ficus carica (Moraceae) (Shahbazvar et al., 2019). Coccobius reticulatus (Compere and Annecke, 1961) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Lachiani and Ahmadi, 1993a; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005), Mazandaran (Ghahari et al., 2010, as Coccobius flaviventris (Howard, 1910) – misidentification). General distribution: India, Oman, Pakistan. Host records in Iran: Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Lachiani and Ahmadi, 1993a; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012). Comments: Ablerus chionaspidis (Howard) (Azotidae) was recorded as a hyperparasitoid of C. reticulatus by Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2005) through Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell, 1879) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Ghahari et al., 2010).

32

Coccobius varicornis (Howard, 1881) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Samin et al., 2019), Kerman, Mazandaran (Ghahari et al., 2010), Lorestan, Markazi (Abolmasoumi et al., 2009, 2010). General distribution: Canada, Italy, Sri Lanka, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Lepidosaphes ulmi (L.) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Abolmasoumi et al., 2009, 2010), Parlatoria asiatica Borchsenius and Odonaspis secreta (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Ghahari et al., 2010), Aspidiotus destructor Signoret (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), Coccus hesperidum L. (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Samin et al., 2019). Coccobius viggianii (Yasnosh, 1974) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Golestan, Kerman (Ghahari et al., 2010), Semnan (Mirseyed et al., 2013). General distribution: Italy. Host records in Iran: Leucaspis ulmi (L.), Lepidosaphes pistaciae (Archangelskaya) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Ghahari et al., 2010). Coccobius sp. Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Ebrahimi, 2014). Host records in Iran: Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Ebrahimi, 2014; Moghaddam, 2017). Genus Coccophagus Westwood, 1833 Comments: Some Palaearctic species of Coccophagus were consistently misidentified prior to Graham’s (1976) study of the type material of species described by Dalman, Förster, Walker, Mercet, and Westwood. Consequently, researchers must be wary of species identifications for distribution records published before 1976. Coccophagus bivittatus Compere, 1931 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Ghahari et al., 2010). General distribution: Argentina, Egypt, India, Israel, Italy, South Africa.

Chapter 2

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Host records in Iran: Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock, 1881 (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Citrus sp. (Rutaceae) (Ghahari et al., 2010). Comments: Some records for Coccophagus bivittatus, Coccophagus longifasciatus and Coccophagus inaron from Palaearctic countries are misidentifications of Coccophagus hemera (Walker, 1839) so that it is necessary to confirm the distribution records of these species. Coccophagus ceroplastae (Howard, 1895) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Ghahari et al., 2010). General distribution: Antilles, Australia, Bangladesh, Benin, China, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Fiji, France, Haiti, Hawaii, India, Indonesia, Israel, Jamaica, Japan, Malaysia, Mauritius, Micronesia, New Caledonia, Pakistan, Panama, Philippines, Puerto Rico, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, United States of America, Vietnam. Host records in Iran: Chloropulvinaria aurantii (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Ghahari et al., 2010). Coccophagus cowperi Girault, 1917 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Razavi Khorasan, Tehran (Ghahari et al., 2010). General distribution: Greece, India, Israel, Italy, Morocco, Papua New Guinea, South Africa, Uganda, United States of America, Venezuela. Host records in Iran: Coccus floccifera Westwood, Pulvinaria sp. (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Ghahari et al., 2010). Coccophagus differens Yasnosh, 1966 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Ghahari et al., 2010). General distribution: Georgia, Moldova,Transcaucasus, Turkey, Ukraine. Host records in Iran: Sphaerolecanium prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Ghahari et al., 2010). Coccophagus gossypariae Gahan, 1927 Catalogues with Iranian records: None (newly recorded from Iran). Distribution in Iran: Golestan province, Golestan National Park, 4♀, ex Gossyparia spuria Modeer,

Family Aphelinidae Thomson, 1876

1778 (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae) on ash tree (Fraxinus sp. – Oleaceae), May 2013. General distribution: Caucasus, Germany, Italy, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Russia, United States of America, former USSR. Coccophagus insidiator (Dalman, 1826) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Semnan (Ebrahimi, 2014). General distribution: Canada, China, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Pulvinaria vitis (L.) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Ebrahimi, 2014). Comments: Coccophagus insidiator was erroneously considered a synonym of Coccophagus obscurus Westwood, 1833 by Ferrière (1965), but C. insidiator has six setae on the scutellum, whereas C. obscurus has numerous setae on the scutellum. Coccophagus lutescens Compere, 1931 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Kermanshah (Ghahari et al., 2010). General distribution: China, India, Kenya, South Africa. Host records in Iran: Ceroplastes sinensis Del Guercio (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Ghahari et al., 2010). Coccophagus lycimnia (Walker, 1839) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Davatchi and Shojai, 1969), Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari (Ebrahimi, 2014), East Azarbaijan (Ebrahimi et al., 2012; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2014), Fars, Isfahan (Radjabi, 1989), Guilan (Davoodi et al., 2004a,b), Kerman (Yazdani and Radjabi, 1993), Kermanshah (Radjabi, 1989; Jalilvand et al., 2013), Khuzestan (Mossadegh and Kocheili, 2003), Lorestan (Abolmasoumi et al., 2009, 2010), Markazi (Radjabi, 1989; Abolmasoumi et al., 2009, 2010), Mazandaran (Feli Kohikheili and Damavandian, 2017), Semnan (Mirseyed et al., 2013), Tehran (Radjabi, 1989; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998, all as Coccophagus lecanii (Fitch, 1859) – under Eulophidae; Ebrahimi, 2014), West Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al., 2010), Yazd (Mokhtari

33

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

and Jafari Nodooshan, 2018), Central provinces (Modarres Awal, 1997, as C. lecanii – under Eulophidae), generally distributed (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012 – under Eulophidae). General distribution: Argentina, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Caucasus, Chile, China, Colombia, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Egypt, El Salvador, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hawaii, Hungary, Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Moldova, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Coccidae (Hemiptera) (Yazdani and Radjabi, 1993), Palaeolecanium bituberculatum (Targioni Tozzetti) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Radjabi, 1989), Lepidosaphes pistaciae (Archangelskaya) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Yazdani and Radjabi, 1993; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Mokhtari and Jafari Nodooshan, 2018), Sphaerolecanium prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Davoodi et al., 2004a,b; Abolmasoumi et al., 2009, 2010; Ebrahimi et al., 2012; Ebrahimi, 2014; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2014), Coccus hesperidum (L.) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Davatchi and Shojai, 1969; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998; Davoodi et al., 2004a,b; Abolmasoumi et al., 2009; Ebrahimi, 2014), Eulecanium tiliae (L.) (as E. coryli) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Radjabi, 1989; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Davoodi et al., 2004a,b; Abolmasoumi et al., 2009, 2010; Jalilvand et al., 2013; Ebrahimi, 2014), Didesmococcus unifasciatus (Archangelskaya) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Davoodi et al., 2004a,b; Abolmasoumi et al., 2009, 2010; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2014), Pulvinaria vitis (L.) (as Pulvinaria betulae (L.)) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Ghahari et al., 2010), Ceroplastes sinensis Del Guercio (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Hedera helix (Araliaceae) (Feli Kohikheili and Damavandian, 2017). Comments: Noyes (2019) listed C. lycimnia as also present in India, but M. Hayat believes that it does not occur there. Coccophagus palaeolecanii Yasnosh, 1957 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Semnan (Ghahari et al., 2010).

34

General distribution: Caucasus, Georgia, Germany, Moldova, Romania, Transcaucasus, Turkey, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Coccus sp. (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Ghahari et al., 2010). Coccophagus piceae Erdős 1956 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Ebrahimi, 2014), Markazi (Yousefi et al., 2018). General distribution: Caucasus, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Turkey. Host records in Iran: Didesmococcus unifasciatus (Archangelskaya), Eulecanium tiliae (L.) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Ebrahimi, 2014), Coccus pseudomagnoliarum (Kuwana) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Yousefi et al., 2018). Coccophagus proximus Yasnosh, 1966 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Ghahari et al., 2010). General distribution: Azerbaijan, Georgia, Moldova, Romania, Turkey. Host records in Iran: Planococcus vovae (Nasonov) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Ghahari et al., 2010). Coccophagus pseudococci Compere, 1933 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Fallahzadeh et al., 2002; Fallahzadeh and Hesami, 2004; Hesami and Fallahzadeh, 2004a; Modarres Awal, 2012; Ebrahimi, 2014). General distribution: Bangladesh, China, India. Host records in Iran: Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead) (Hesami and Fallahzadeh, 2004a; Ebrahimi, 2014), Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Fallahzadeh and Hesami, 2004; Modarres Awal, 2012). Coccophagus pulchellus Westwood, 1833 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Abd-Rabou et al., 2019). General distribution: Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Montenegro, Poland, Serbia, Spain, United Kingdom.

Chapter 2

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Host records in Iran: Eulecanium tiliae (L.) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2019). Coccophagus scutellaris (Dalman, 1825) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Guilan, Mazandaran (Ghahari et al., 2010), Kerman (Yazdani and Radjabi, 1993), generally distributed (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012 – under Eulophidae). General distribution: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Caucasus, China, Czech Republic, Dominican Republic, Egypt, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Lebanon, Mexico, Morocco, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Russia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United States of America, Uruguay, former USSR, Venezuela, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Coccidae (Hemiptera) (Yazdani and Radjabi, 1993), Coccus hesperidum (L.) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Ghahari et al., 2010), Pulvinaria vitis (L.) (as Pulvinaria betulae (L.)) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Ghahari et al., 2010). Comments: Compere (1931), Annecke (1964), Ferrière (1965) and Nikol’skaya and Yasnosh (1966) all misidentified C. scutellaris as Coccophagus semicircularis (Förster); however, C. scutellaris has six setae on the scutellum and C. semicircularis has several setae on the scutellum. Coccophagus semicircularis (Förster, 1841) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2019), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al., 2010). General distribution: Afghanistan, Australia, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Iran, Italy, Madeira, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Switzerland, United States of America, Uruguay. Host records in Iran: Pulvinaria vitis (L.) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Ghahari et al., 2010). Coccophagus silvestrii Compere, 1931 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Ghahari et al., 2010), Kerman (Yazdani and Radjabi, 1993), Iran (no specific locality) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012 – under Eulophidae).

Family Aphelinidae Thomson, 1876

General distribution: Bangladesh, China, Czech Republic, France, India. Host records in Iran: Coccidae (Hemiptera) (Yazdani and Radjabi, 1993; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Coccus hesperidum (L.) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Ghahari et al., 2010). Coccophagus yoshidae Nakayama, 1921 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Feli Kohikheili et al., 2015). General distribution: Chile, China, Japan, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Coccus hesperidum (L.) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Euonymus fortunei (Celastraceae) (Feli Kohikheili et al., 2015). Coccophagus spp. Distribution in Iran: Fars (Lachiani and Ahmadi, 1993a; Ghajarieh et al., 2014). Host records in Iran: Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Lachiani and Ahmadi, 1993a), Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Ghajarieh et al., 2014). Genus Diaspiniphagus Silvestri, 1927 Diaspiniphagus moeris (Walker, 1839) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019, as Coccophagoides similis (Masi, 1908)). Distribution in Iran: Kermanshah (Abd-Rabou et al., 2013, as Coccophagoides similis (Masi, 1908)). General distribution: Austria, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Caucasus, Czech Republic, Egypt, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, Uzbekistan. Host records in Iran: Diaspidiotus ostreaformis (Curtis) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2013). Genus Encarsia Förster, 1878 Encarsia acaudaleyrodis Hayat, 1976 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2004), Evans (2007), Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan, West Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al., 2011), Golestan (Ghahari et al., 2004a; Modarres Awal, 2012; Ghahari, 2019), Guilan (Sakenin et al., 2006a;

35

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Shahbazvar et al., 2010), Isfahan, Mazandaran (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004; Ghahari et al., 2004a; Modarres Awal, 2012), Khuzestan (Zandi Sohani and Shishehbor, 2010; Moravvej et al., 2016). General distribution: Egypt, India, Iran, Spain. Host records in Iran: Acaudaleyrodes rachipora (Singh) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Citrus medica (Rutaceae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004; Ghahari et al., 2004a; Modarres Awal, 2012; Ghahari, 2019), Acaudaleyrodes rachipora on Ziziphus spinachristi (Rhamnaceae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004; Ghahari et al., 2011), Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Cucurbita citrullus (Cucurbitaceae) (Shahbazvar et al., 2010), Acaudaleyrodes rachipora on Morus alba (Moraceae) (Ghahari et al., 2011), Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Cucumis sativus (Cucurbitaceae) (Zandi Sohani and Shishehbor, 2010), Tetraleurodes hederae Goux (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Hedera helix (Araleaceae) (Ghahari et al., 2011). Comments: Assigned to the parvella species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b). Encarsia alemansoori Rasekh and Polaszek, 2010 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Rasekh and Polaszek, 2010). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Host records in Iran: Aleuroclava jasmini (Takahashi) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Aegle correa (Rutaceae), Citrus reticulata and Citrus limettioides (Rutaceae) (Rasekh and Polaszek, 2010). Comments: Assigned to the perflava species group (Rasekh and Polaszek, 2010). Encarsia aleurochitonis (Mercet, 1931) Catalogues with Iranian records: Evans (2007), Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan, West Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al., 2011), Golestan (Ghahari et al., 2004a; Abd-Rabou et al., 2005a; Modarres Awal, 2012), Guilan (Shahbazvar et al., 2018), Isfahan (Ghahari et al., 2004a; Modarres Awal, 2012), Mazandaran (Ghahari et al., 2004a; Modarres Awal, 2012; Shahbazvar et al., 2018). General distribution: China, Finland, Germany, Italy, Poland, Russia, Sweden. Host records in Iran: Aleurochiton aceris (Modeer) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Ghahari et al., 2004a;

36

Abd-Rabou et al., 2005a; Modarres Awal, 2012), Aleurochiton aceris on Acer cappadocicum (Aceraceae), Aleurochiton pseudoplatani Visnya (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Euonymus japonicus (Celasteraceae) (Ghahari et al., 2011), Aleurochiton acerinus Haupt on Acer circinatum (Aceraceae), Aleurochiton pseudoplatani on Acer circinatum (Shahbazvar et al., 2018). Comments: Assigned to the lahorensis species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b). Encarsia aurantii (Howard, 1894) Prospaltella aurantii (Howard, 1894). Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2004), Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan, West Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al., 2011), Fars (Khalaf and Sokhansanj, 1993; Lachiani and Ahmadi, 1993a; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004; Ebrahimi, 2014), Golestan (Shahbazvar et al., 2018; Ghahari, 2019), Guilan (Ostadalidehaghi, 2000; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004; Sakenin et al., 2006a; Shahbazvar et al., 2018), Mazandaran (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004; Ghahari et al., 2004a), Iran (no specific locality) (Modarres Awal, 1997, as Prospaltella aurantii; Moghaddam, 2017). General distribution: Cosmopolite. Argentina, Australia, Azerbaijan, Brazil, Canada, Caucasus, Chile, China, Egypt, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Russia, Sri Lanka, Switzerland, Taiwan, Transcaucasus, United States of America, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Ostadalidehaghi, 2000; Ghahari et al., 2004a; Ghahari, 2019), Aonidiella aurantii on Citrus sp. (Rutaceae) and Jasminum fruticans (Oleaceae) (Ghahari et al., 2011), Aonidiella citrina (Coquillett) on Citrus limetta (Rutaceae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004), Parlatoria oleae (Colvée) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Ostadalidehaghi, 2000), Parlatoria oleae on Olea europaea (Oleaceae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004), Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead) (Lachiani and Ahmadi, 1993a,b; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004; Ghahari et al., 2011; Ebrahimi, 2014; Moghaddam, 2017; Ghahari, 2019), Lepidosaphes gloverii (Packard) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on Citrus medica (Rutaceae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004),

Chapter 2

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Lepidosaphes gloverii on Citrus aurantium (Shahbazvar et al., 2018), Lepidosaphes pallida (Maskell) on Ficus carica (Moraceae) (Shahbazvar et al., 2018), Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (Morgan) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on Citrus aurantium, Citrus sinensis (Rutaceae) and Cucurbita ficifolia (Cucurbitaceae), Coccus hesperidum (L.) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Castanea sativa (Fagaceae), Citrus medica (Rutaceae), Diospyros kaki (Ebenaceae) and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Malvaceae), Unaspis euonymi (Comstock) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on Euonymus japonicus (Celasteraceae) and Punica granatum (Lythraceae) (Shahbazvar et al., 2018). Comments: Assigned to the aurantii species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b). The biology of E. aurantii was studied by Lachiani and Ahmadi (1993b) on Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae). Encarsia axacaliae Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007 Catalogues with Iranian records: Heraty et al. (2007), Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Isfahan (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007a). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Host records in Iran: Axacalia spiraeanthi Danzing (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Convulvulus arvensis (Convolvulaceae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007a). Comments: Assigned to the lahorensis species group (Abd-Rabou et al., 2013). Encarsia azimi Hayat, 1986 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2004), Evans (2007), Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan, West Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al., 2011), Fars (Ale-Mansoor and Ahmadi, 1993; Ahmadi and Ale-Mansoor, 1995; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012, as Encarsia adrianae Lopez-Avila, 1987 – synonym; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004), Golestan (Ghahari et al., 2004a; Modarres Awal, 2012, as both E. adrianae and Encarsia azimi; Ghahari, 2019), Guilan (Sakenin et al., 2006a), Isfahan (Ghahari and Hatami, 2000a,b, as E. adrianae; Ghahari et al., 2004a; Modarres Awal, 2012, as E. adrianae and E. azimi), Kerman (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004), Mazandaran (Ghahari et al., 2004a; Modarres Awal, 2012, as E. adrianae and E. azimi; Shahbazvar et al., 2018).

Family Aphelinidae Thomson, 1876

General distribution: Australia, China, India, Iran, Japan, Pakistan, Italy, Spain, Taiwan, Thailand, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Aleurolobus moundi (David and Subramaniam), Bemisia hancocki Corbett (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Ghahari and Hatami, 2000b), Bemisia afer (Priesner and Hosny) (Ghahari et al., 2004a; Modarres Awal, 2012), Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Ale-Mansoor and Ahmadi, 1993; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Ghahari, 2019), Bemisia afer on Urtica dioica (Urticaceae), Bemisia confusa Danzig on Glycyrrhiza glabra (Legominosae), Bemisia tabaci on Gossypium hirsutum (Malvaceae) (Ahmadi and Ale-Mansoor, 1995; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004; Ghahari et al., 2011), Bemisia tabaci on Hibiscus esculentum (Leguminosae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004; Ghahari et al., 2011), Bemisia tabaci on Lycopersicum esculentum (Solanaceae) and Rosa hemisphaerica (Rosaceae) (Ghahari et al., 2011), Bemisia tabaci on Abutilon theophrasti (Malvaceae) (Shahbazvar et al., 2018), Parabemisia myricae (Kuwana) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Ghahari, 2019). Comments: Assigned to the inaron species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b). Encarsia bennetti Hayat, 1984 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Ghahari et al., 2004a; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: India, Pakistan. Host records in Iran: Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Ghahari et al., 2004a; Modarres Awal, 2012). Comments: Assigned to the smithi species group (Hayat, 2012). Ghahari et al. (2004a) recorded E. bennetti from Golestan, but without exact localities, and it was listed from Golestan, Isfahan and Mazandaran by Modarres Awal (2012) on the basis of the title of the former publication. Encarsia berlesei (Howard, 1906) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2004), Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan, West Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al., 2011), Golestan (Ghahari et al., 2004a; Aliakbar Aghadokht et al., 2010; Modarres Awal, 2012; Ghahari, 2019), Guilan (Habibian, 1981, 1983; Radjabi, 1989; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012, as Prospaltella berlesei; Salehi

37

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

and Farivar, 2004; Sakenin et al., 2006a; Shahbazvar et al., 2018), Isfahan (Ghahari et al., 2004a; Modarres Awal, 2012), Mazandaran (Alhosseini and Mostofi-Pour, 1995; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Alhosseini et al., 1998; AbdRabou and Ghahari, 2004; Ghahari et al., 2004a,c; Ghahari et al., 2011; Ahmadi and Alavi, 2014; Ebrahimi, 2014; Toorani et al., 2017a, 2019; Toorani and Abbasipour, 2019), Iran (no specific locality) (Moghaddam, 2017). General distribution: Afghanistan, Argentina, Brazil, Caucasus, Chile, China, Colombia, Croatia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Japan, Korea, Montenegro, Peru, Puerto Rico, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Switzerland, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, United States of America, Uruguay, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni Tozzetti) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Habibian, 1983; Alhosseini and Mostofi-Pour, 1995; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Salehi and Farivar, 2004; Ghahari et al., 2004a; Ahmadi and Alavi, 2014; Ebrahimi, 2014; Toorani et al., 2017a, 2019 – in kiwi orchard; Moghaddam, 2017; Ghahari, 2019), Parlatoria ziziphi (Lucas) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Ghahari et al., 2004c), Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (Morgan) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on Cydonia oblonga (Rosaceae), Ilex spinigera (Aquifoliaceae) and Salix alba (Salicaceae) (Ghahari et al., 2011), Chrysomphalus dictyospermi on Citrus aurantium (Rutaceae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004), Pseudaulacaspis pentagona on Morus nigra (Moraceae), Jasminum fruticans (Oleaceae) and Citrus sinensis (Ghahari et al., 2011), Pseudaulacaspis pentagona on Morus alba (Shahbazvar et al., 2018; Toorani and Abbasipour, 2019). Comments: Assigned to the berlesei species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b). Aliakbar Aghadokht et al. (2010) recorded Ablerus perspeciosus Girault (Azotidae) as a hyperparsitoid of E. berlesei. Encarsia bimaculata Heraty and Polaszek, 2000 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2004), Evans (2007), Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Isfahan (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004), Razavi Khorasan (Ghahari et al.,

38

2006, as Encarsia maritima Yasnosh, 1989 – misidentification). General distribution: Australia, China, Honduras, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Israel, Mexico, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sudan, Thailand, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Magnolia grandiflora (Magnoliaceae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004), Aleurolobus wunni (Ryberg) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Ranunculus arvensis (Ranunculaceae) (Ghahari et al., 2006). Comments: Assigned to the strenua species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b). Encarsia brimblecombei (Girault, 1933) Encarsia elongata (Dozier, 1937). Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019, as Encarsia elongata), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Caspian Sea area (Farahbakhsh, 1961, as Prospaltella elongata Dozier, 1937; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012, as Encarsia elongata), East Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al., 2011, as E. elongata), Golestan, Mazandaran (Ghahari et al., 2004a; Modarres Awal, 2012, both as E. elongata; Shahbazvar et al., 2018), Guilan (Ostadalidehaghi, 2000; Sakenin et al., 2006a, as E. elongata; Shahbazvar et al., 2018), Isfahan (Modarres Awal, 2012, as E. elongata). General distribution: Argentina, Australia, China, France, India, Iran, Italy, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America, Uruguay. Host records in Iran: Lepidosaphes gloverii (Packard) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Ostadalidehaghi, 2000; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Chrysomphalus aonidum (L.) (Ghahari et al., 2004a; Modarres Awal, 2012), Chrysomphalus aonidum on Althea officinalis (Malvaceae), Euphorbia cyathophora (Euphorbiaceae), Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (Morgan) on Lantana camara (Verbenaceae) (Ghahari et al., 2011), Aleurolobus niloticus Priesner and Hosny (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Amaranthus blitoides (Amaranthaceae) (AbdRabou and Ghahari, 2004), Chrysomphalus dictyospermi on Citrus granatum, Citrus sinensis, Citrus tangerina (Rutaceae), Phaseolus vulgaris (Fabaceae), Coccus hesperidum (L.) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Citrus sinensis (Rutaceae), Lepidosaphes gloverii on Citrus sinensis (Rutaceae), Unaspis euonymi (Comstock)

Chapter 2

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

(Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on Euonymus japonicus (Celasteraceae) (Shahbazvar et al., 2018). Comments: Assigned to the aurantii species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b). Encarsia cibcensis Lopez Avila, 1987 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2004), Evans (2007), Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Ghahari et al., 2004a; Modarres Awal, 2012), Kerman, Razavi Khorasan (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004). General distribution: Cook Islands, India [doubtful record – M. Hayat], Iran, Kiribati, Nauru, Pakistan, Taiwan. Host records in Iran: Aleuroclava neolitseae (Takahashi) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Calendula arvensis (Compositae), Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Amaranthus retroflexus (Amaranthaceae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004), Bemisia silvatica Danzig (Ghahari et al., 2004a; Modarres Awal, 2012). Comments: Assigned to the perflava species group (Huang and Polaszek, 1998; Hayat, 2012). Ghahari et al. (2004a) recorded E. cibcensis from Golestan, but without exact localities, and it was listed from Golestan, Isfahan and Mazandaran by Modarres Awal (2012) on the basis of the title of the former publication. Furthermore, the record of E. cibcensis from Kermanshah by AbdRabou et al. (2005a) was a misidentification and we therefore exclude this locality. Encarsia citrina (Craw, 1891) Aspidiotiphagus citrinus (Craw, 1891). Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2004), Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan, West Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al., 2011), Golestan (Ghahari et al., 2004a; Modarres Awal, 2012; Shahbazvar et al., 2018), Guilan (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012 (under Eulophidae) as Aspidiotiphagus citrinus; Ostadalidehaghi, 2000; Sakenin et al., 2006a; Jamalomidi et al., 2012a; Shahbazvar et al., 2018), Isfahan (Ghahari et al., 2004a; Modarres Awal, 2012), Mazandaran (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012 (under Eulophidae), both as A. citrinus; Rasekh et al., 2000; AbdRabou and Ghahari, 2004; Ghahari et al., 2004a,c; Modarres Awal, 2012; Ebrahimi, 2014; Shahbazvar et al., 2018).

Family Aphelinidae Thomson, 1876

General distribution: Cosmopolite. Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Azerbaijan, Barbados, Belgium, Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Caucasus, Chile, China, Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Egypt, El Salvador, Fiji, France, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guam, Guyana, Haiti, Hawaii, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Korea, Macedonia, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Transcaucasus, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Zimbabwe, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Parlatoria oleae (Colvée) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012 – under Eulophidae), Aonidiella aurantii Maskell (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Ostadalidehaghi, 2000), Nuculaspis abietis (Schrank) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Rasekh et al., 2000), Parlatoria ziziphi (Lucas) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Ghahari et al., 2004a), Lepidosaphes beckii (Newman) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on Citrus medica (Rutaceae), Parlatoria ziziphi on Citrus sinensis (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004), Aonidiella citrina (Coquillett) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on Citrus sp. and Camellia sp. (Teaceae) (Ghahari et al., 2004c, 2011), Aonidiella citrina (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Lepidosaphes beckii on Prosopis spicigera (Fabaceae), Leucaspis pusilla Löw (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on Pinus sp. (Pinaceae), Leucaspis riccae Targioni Tozzetti (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on Nerium oleander (Apocynaceae), Parlatoria pergandii Comstock on Cerasus avium (Rosaceae), Pinnaspis aspidistrae (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on Chamaerops sp. (Arecaceae) (Ghahari et al., 2011), Diaspididae (Hemiptera) (Jamalomidi et al., 2012a), Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (Morgan) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) in citrus orchard (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Ebrahimi, 2014), Aonidiella citrina on Citrus sinensis, Aspidiotus nerii Bouché (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on Nerium oleander (Oleaceae), Chrysomphalus dictyospermi on Citrus sinensis, Cucurbita pepo (Cucurbitaceae), Euonymus japonicus (Celasteraceae), Coccus hesperidum (L.) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Acer circinatum (Aceraceae), Diospyros sp. (Ebenaceae), Lepidosaphes gloverii (Packard) (Hemiptera:

39

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Diaspididae) on Citrus aurantium, Citrus granatum, Citrus sinensis, Diospyros sp. (Ebenaceae), Lepidosaphes japonica (Kuwana) on Olea europae (Oleaceae), Lepidosaphes pallida (Maskell) on Citrus sinensis, Ficus carica (Moraceae), Lopholeucaspis japonica (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on Alnus subcordata (Betulaceae), Unaspis euonymi (Comstock) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on Punica granatum (Lythraceae) (Shahbazvar et al., 2018). Comments: Assigned to the citrina species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b). Modarres Awal (1997, 2012) listed E. citrina citrina (erroneously in Eulophidae) from Iran (no specific locality) as a parasitoid of Scolytus rugulosus (Müller) (as Ruguloscolytus mediterraneus (Eggers)) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Encarsia clypealis (Silvestri, 1928) Catalogues with Iranian records: Evans (2007), Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Ghahari et al., 2004a; Abd-Rabou et al., 2005a; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: China, Guam, India, Malaysia, Mexico, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, United States of America, Vietnam. Host records in Iran: Aleurocanthus zizyphi Priesner and Hosny (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Ghahari et al., 2004a), Lepidosaphes beckii (Newman) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (AbdRabou et al., 2005a). Comments: Assigned to the opulenta species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b). Ghahari et al. (2004a) recorded E. clypealis from Golestan, but without exact localities, and it was listed from Golestan, Isfahan and Mazandaran by Modarres Awal (2012) on the basis of the title of the former publication. Encarsia dialeuroporae Viggiani, 1985 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Ghahari et al., 2004a; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Pakistan. Host records in Iran: Dialeuropora decempunctata (Quaintance and Baker) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Ghahari et al., 2004a; Modarres Awal, 2012). Comments: Assigned to the lutea species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b). Ghahari et al. (2004a) recorded E. dialeuroporae from Golestan, but without exact localities, and it was listed

40

from Golestan, Isfahan and Mazandaran by Modarres Awal (2012) on the basis of the title of the former publication. Encarsia diaspidicola (Silvestri, 1909) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2019). Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Abd-Rabou et al., 2019). General distribution: Bermuda, Brazil, Haiti, India, Italy, Japan, Puerto Rico, Réunion, South Africa, United States of America, former USSR, Western Samoa. Host records in Iran: Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on Populus sp. (Salicaceae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2019). Comments: Assigned to the aurantii species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b). Encarsia elegans Masi, 1911 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2004), Evans (2007), Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan, West Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al., 2011), Golestan (Ghahari et al., 2004a; Karimian et al., 2004; Modarres Awal, 2012; Ghahari, 2019), Guilan (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005a, as Encarsia bifasciafacies Hayat, 1989 – synonym; Sakenin et al., 2006a), Isfahan (Karimian et al., 2004; Modarres Awal, 2012), Mazandaran (Ghahari et al., 2004a; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Australia, Egypt, India, Iran, Italy, Pakistan. Host records in Iran: Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Ghahari et al., 2004a; Modarres Awal, 2012), Aleurolobus niloticus Priesner and Hosny (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Karimian et al., 2004; Modarres Awal, 2012), Aleurolobus olivinus (Silvestri) (Karimian et al., 2004), Siphoninus immaculatus (Heeger) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Hedera helix (Araliaceae) (Ghahari et al., 2011), Siphoninus immaculatus (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005a), Aleurolobus marlatti (Quaintance) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Ghahari, 2019). Comments: Assigned to the elegans species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b). Encarsia fasciata (Malenotti, 1916) Catalogues with Iranian records: Heraty et al. (2007), Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Caspian Sea area (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), East Azarbaijan,

Chapter 2

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

West Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al., 2011), Golestan (Modarres Awal, 2012; Ebrahimi, 2014; Ghahari, 2019), Guilan (Ostadalidehaghi, 2000; Salehi and Farivar, 2004; Sakenin et al., 2006a), Isfahan (Modarres Awal, 2012), Mazandaran (Ghahari et al., 2004a; Modarres Awal, 2012; Ebrahimi, 2014; Shahbazvar et al., 2018), Northern Iran (Kiriukhin, 1947; Davatchi and Taghizadeh, 1954). General distribution: Azerbaijan, Bermuda, Caucasus, China, France, Georgia, Germany, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Peru, Spain, Switzerland, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, United States of America, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Aonidiella aurantii Maskell (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Aonidiella citrina (Coquillett) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni Tozzetti) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Salehi and Farivar, 2004), Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (Morgan) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Ostadalidehaghi, 2000; Ghahari et al., 2004a; Ghahari, 2019), Chionaspis lepineyi Balachowsky (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on Quercus libani (Fagaceae), Chionaspis parastigma Ballachowski on Quercus persica (Fagaceae), Chrysomphalus dictyospermi on Cercis griffithii (Fabaceae), Laurus nobilis (Lauraceae), Malus sp. (Rosaceae), Punica sp. (Lythraceae) (Ghahari et al., 2011), Chrysomphalus dictyospermi on Citrus sinensis (Rutaceae) (Shahbazvar et al., 2018), Diaspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Ghahari, 2019). Comments: Assigned to the aurantii species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b). Encarsia formosa Gahan, 1924 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2004), Evans (2007), Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Cosmopolite. Alborz, Fars (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004), East Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al., 2011), Golestan (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004; Ghahari et al., 2004a; Shahbazvar et al., 2018; Ghahari, 2019), Guilan (Sakenin et al., 2006a, as Encarsia formosa and Encarsia luteola – misidentification; Shahbazvar et al., 2010, 2018), Isfahan (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Ghahari and Hatami, 2000a,b; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004), Kerman (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005a, as

Family Aphelinidae Thomson, 1876

Encarsia lipaleyrodis Krishnan and Vasantharaj David, 1996 – misidentification), Markazi (Abolmasoumi et al., 2009, 2010), Mazandaran (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004; Ghahari et al., 2004a, as E. formosa and E. luteola – misidentification), Razavi Khorasan (Fattah-Hosseini et al., 2014), Tehran (Modarres Awal, 1997; Shojai, 1998; Shojai et  al., 2005), West Azarbaijan (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004; Ghahari et al., 2011, as both E. formosa and E. luteola – misidentification). General distribution: Cosmopolite. Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Azores, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Caucasus, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Fiji, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hawaii, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Madeira, Malta, Mexico, Moldova, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Réunion, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia (Noyes, 2019); India (M. Hayat). Host records in Iran: Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Behdad, 1988; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998; Ghahari and Hatami, 2000b; Ghahari et al., 2004a; Shojai et al., 2005; Abolmasoumi et al., 2009, 2010; Fattah-Hosseini et al., 2014; Bagheri et al., 2018; Ghahari, 2019), Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Ghahari and Hatami, 2000b; Fattah-Hosseini et al., 2014; Ghahari, 2019), Trialeurodes variabilis (Quaintance) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Ghahari et al., 2004a; Modarres Awal, 2012, under Encarsia luteola), Aleyrodes lonicerae Walker on Solanum melongena (Solanaceae), Aleyrodes proletella (L.) on Raphanus raphanistrum (Brassicaceae), Bemisia tabaci on Gossypium hirsutum (Malvaceae), Trialeurodes vaporariorum on Phaseolus vulgaris var. Contender (Leguminosae), Bemisia tabaci on Amaranthus spinosus (Chenopodiaceae), Trialeurodes vaporariorum on Vicia faba (Leguminosae), Bemisia tabaci on Corchorus olitorius (Tiliaceae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004; Ghahari et al., 2011), Lipaleyrodes euphorbiae David and Subramaniam (Hemiptera:

41

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Aleyrodidae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005a, under Encarsia lipaleyrodis), Trialeurodes vaporariorum on Cucurbita maxima (Cucurbitaceae) (Shahbazvar et al., 2010), Bemisia tabaci on Lycopersicum esculentum (Solanaceae) and Rosa sp. (Rosaceae), Trialeurodes vaporariorum on Lycopersicum esculentum (Solanaceae) and Verbena hybrida (Verbenaceae) (Ghahari et al., 2011), Trialeurodes lauri (Signoret) on Laurus nobilis (Lauraceae), Trialeurodes variabilis on Cyperus rotundus (Cyperaceae) (Ghahari et al., 2011 under Encarsia luteola), Dialeurodes citri (Ashmead), Trialeurodes abutiloneus (Haldeman) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Ghahari, 2019), Bemisia tabaci on Phaseolus vulgaris, Trialeurodes vaporariorum on Cucumis sativa (Cucurbitaceae) and Abutilon theophrasti (Malvaceae) (Shahbazvar et al., 2018). Comments: Assigned to the luteola species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b). Encarsia gautieri (Mercet, 1928) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al., 2006). General distribution: Azerbaijan, France, Georgia, Italy, Spain. Host records in Iran: Pealius azaleae (Baker and Moles) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Azalea pontica (Ericaceae) (Ghahari et al., 2006). Comments: Assigned to the tricolor species group (Hayat, 1989). Encarsia gennaroi Pedata and Giorgini, 2017 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Guilan, Mazandaran (Shahbazvar et al., 2018). General distribution: Australia, Canary Islands, Egypt, France, Israel, Italy, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Abutilon theophrasti (Malvaceae), Cucumis sativa (Cucurbitaceae), Cucurbita ficifolia (Cucurbitaceae), Clerodendrum bungei (Laminaceae), Nerium oleander (Oleaceae), Trialeurodes vaporariorum on Abutilon theophrasti, Cucumis sativa, Cucurbita ficifolia, Cucurbita pepo, Urtica incisa (Urticaceae) (Shahbazvar et al., 2018). Comments: Assigned to the parvella species group (Paolo Alfonso Pedata, Italy, 2019, personal communication).

42

Encarsia gigas (Chumakova, 1957) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Kermanshah (Jalilvand et al., 2012, 2013). General distribution: Caucasus, China, Czech Republic, Georgia, Hungary, Italy, Russia, Slovakia, Transcaucasus, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Diaspidiotus gigas (Thiem and Gerneck) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on Populus trichocarpa (Salicaceae) (Jalilvand et al., 2012, 2013). Comments: Assigned to the aurantii species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b). Encarsia hamata Huang and Polaszek, 1998 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Rasekh and Polaszek, 2010; Rasekh et al., 2010). General distribution: China, Iran, Japan. Host records in Iran: Aleurolobus marlatti (Quaintance) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Citrus aurantium (Rutaceae), Aleuroclava jasmini (Takahashi) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Citrus reticulata and Citrus limettioides (Rasekh and Polaszek, 2010; Rasekh et al., 2010), Aleuroclava jasmini on Aegle correa (Rutaceae) (Rasekh and Polaszek, 2010), Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) on Helianthus annuus (Asteraceae), unknown species of Aleyrodidae on Ziziphus spinachristi (Rhamnaceae) (Rasekh and Polaszek, 2010). Comments: Assigned to the lutea species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b). Encarsia inaron (Walker, 1839) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2004), Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan, West Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al., 2011), Fars (AleMansoor and Ahmadi, 1993; Ahmadi and AleMansoor, 1995; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004), Golestan (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998, all as Encarsia partenopea Masi, 1909; Ghahari et al., 2004a; Karimian, 2004; Shahbazvar et al., 2018; Ghahari, 2019), Guilan (Sakenin et al., 2006a; Shahbazvar et al., 2010, 2018), Isfahan (Ghahari and Hatami, 2000a,b; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004; Ghahari et al., 2004a; Modarres Awal,

Chapter 2

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

2012), Khuzestan (Mossadegh and Kocheili, 2003; Minaei Moghadam et al., 2012, 2015; Moravvej et al., 2016), Markazi (Abolmasoumi et al., 2009, 2010), Mazandaran (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004; Ghahari et al., 2004a; Modarres Awal, 2012; Shahbazvar et al., 2018), Tehran (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998, all as Encarsia inaron and E. partenopea). General distribution: Afghanistan, Austria, Azerbaijan, Brazil, Bulgaria, Caucasus, China, Egypt, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Madeira, Mexico, Montenegro, Morocco, New Zealand, Pakistan, Russia, Serbia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, Uzbekistan, Venezuela. Host records in Iran: Acaudaleyrodes citri (Priesner and Hosny) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Ghahari and Hatami, 2000b), Aleyrodes singularis Danzig (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Ahmadi and Ale-Mansoor, 1995; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Ghahari and Hatami, 2000b; Abolmasoumi et al., 2009, 2010; Ghahari, 2019), Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Ale-Mansoor and Ahmadi, 1993; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998; Karimian, 2004; Ghahari, 2019), Siphoninus phillyreae (Haliday) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Ahmadi and Ale-Mansoor, 1995; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Ghahari et al., 2004a; Ghahari, 2019), Bemisia tabaci on Gossypium hirsutum (Malvacea) (Ahmadi and Ale-Mansoor, 1995), Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998; Ghahari and Hatami, 2000b), Aleyrodes singularis on Euphorbia pulcherrima (Euphorbiaceae) (Ghahari et al., 2011), Siphoninus immaculatus (Heeger) on Hedera helix (Araliaceae), Siphoninus phillyreae on Ulmus campestris (Ulmaceae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004), Siphoninus phillyreae on Ulmus carpinifolia var. umbraculifera, Trialeurodes vaporariorum on Rosa beggariana (Rosaceae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004; Ghahari et al., 2011), Trialeurodes vaporariorum on Cucurbita citrullus (Cucurbitaceae), Aleyrodes sp. cf. elevatus Silvestri, 1934 (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Rosaceae, Aleyrodes sp. cf. zygia Danzig, 1966 on Euphorbia sp. (Euphorbiaceae), Trialeurodes vaporariorum on Cucurbita citrullus and Cucurbita sativa (Cucurbitaceae), Helianthus tuberosus (Asteraceae) (Shahbazvar et al., 2010),

Family Aphelinidae Thomson, 1876

Neomaskellia andropogonis Corbett (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on sugarcane (Minaei Moghadam et al., 2012, 2015), Aleyrodes lonicerae Walker (Shahbazvar et al., 2010; Ghahari, 2019), Trialeurodes vaporariorum on Cucurbita sativa (Cucurbitaceae) (Shahbazvar et al., 2010, 2018), Aleyrodes proletella (L.) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Rosa sp. (Rosaceae), Aleurochiton pseudoplatani Visnya (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Acer circinatum (Aceraceae), Bemisia tabaci and Trialeurodes vaporariorum on Phaseolus vulgaris (Fabaceae), Siphoninus phillyreae (Haliday) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Punica granatum (Lythraceae), Trialeurodes vaporariorum on Abutilon teophrasti (Malvaceae) (Shahbazvar et al., 2018). Comments: Assigned to the inaron species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b). Encarsia indigoferae Polaszek and Manzari, 2008 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Sistan & Baluchestan (Polaszek and Manzari, 2008). Host records in Iran: Aleuromarginatus tephrosiae Corbett (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Indigofera sp. (Fabaceae) (Polaszek and Manzari, 2008). General distribution: Iran, Oman. Comments: Assigned to the strenua species group (Polaszek and Manzari, 2008). Encarsia inquirenda (Silvestri, 1930) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Golestan, Mazandaran (Shahbazvar et al., 2018), Guilan (Jamalomidi et al., 2012a,b; Shahbazvar et al., 2018). General distribution: Algeria, China, Israel, Italy, Japan, Lebanon, Spain, Vietnam. Host records in Iran: Diaspididae (Hemiptera) (Jamalomidi et al., 2012a,b), Aonidiella citrina (Coquillett) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on Citrus sinensis (Rutaceae), Aspidiotus nerii Bouché (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on Nerium oleander (Oleaceae), Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (Morgan) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on Citrus aurantium, Citrus sinensis, Citrus tangerina (Rutaceae) and Ruscus hircanus (Asparagaceae), Lepidosaphes gloverii (Packard) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on Citrus sinensis (Rutaceae), Lepidosaphes japonica (Kuwana) on Olea europaea (Oleaceae), Lepidosaphes pallida (Maskell) on Acer circinatum (Aceraceae), Unaspis euonymi (Comstock) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on

43

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Euonymus japonicus (Celasteraceae) (Shahbazvar et al., 2018). Comments: Assigned to the aurantii species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b). Encarsia intermedia (Ferrière, 1961) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2019). Distribution in Iran: Ardabil (Abd-Rabou et al., 2019). General distribution: Caucasus, France, Germany, Sweden, Switzerland, Transcaucasus. Host records in Iran: Leucaspis pusilla Löw (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2019). Comments: Not assigned to species group. Encarsia lahorensis (Howard, 1911) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2004), Evans (2007), Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004; Sakenin et al., 2004), Razavi Khorasan (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004; Sakenin et al., 2004; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: China, Egypt, France, Georgia, Greece, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Mexico, Pakistan, Russia, Turkey, United States of America, former USSR, Uzbekistan. Host records in Iran: Aleyrodes elevatus Silvestri (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Corchorus trilocularis (Tiliaceae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004; Sakenin et al., 2004; Modarres Awal, 2012), Dialeurodes citri (Ashmead) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Citrus bigaradia (Rutaceae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004; Sakenin et al., 2004). Comments: Assigned to the lahorensis species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b). Encarsia leucaspidis (Mercet, 1912) Catalogues with Iranian records: None (newly recorded from Iran). Distribution in Iran: Hamadan province, Asad-Abad, 3♀, 1♂, ex Lepidosaphes conchiformis (Gmelin, 1790) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on Ulmus minor (Ulmaceae), July 2012. General distribution: Caucasus, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Comments: Assigned to the aurantii species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b).

44

Encarsia longifasciata Subba Rao, 1984 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Isfahan (Ghahari et al., 2004a, 2006; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Australia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Pakistan, Taiwan, Thailand. Host records in Iran: Aleuroclava neolitseae (Takahashi) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Ficus capensis (Moraceae) (Ghahari et al., 2004a, 2006; Modarres Awal, 2012). Comments: Assigned to the longifasciata species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b). Ghahari et al. (2004a) recorded E. longifasciata from Golestan, but without exact localities, and it was listed from Golestan, Isfahan and Mazandaran by Modarres Awal (2012) on the basis of the title of the former publication. Encarsia longivalvula Viggiani, 1985 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Isfahan (Ghahari et al., 2004a, 2006; Modarres Awal, 2012), Sistan & Baluchestan (Ghahari et al., 2006). General distribution: Australia, Pakistan, Taiwan. Host records in Iran: Dialeuropora decempunctata (Quaintance and Baker) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Ghahari et al., 2004a; Modarres Awal, 2012), Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) on Malva neglecta (Malvaceae), Dialeuropora decempunctata on Eucalyptus camalduleis (Myrtaceae) (Ghahari et al., 2006). Comments: Assigned to the strenua species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b). Ghahari et al. (2004a) recorded E. longivalvula from Golestan, but without exact localities, and it was listed from Golestan, Isfahan and Mazandaran by Modarres Awal (2012) on the basis of the title of the former publication. Encarsia lounsburyi (Berlese and Paoli, 1916) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2004), Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan, West Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al., 2011), Golestan (Ghahari et al., 2004a; Modarres Awal, 2012; Ghahari, 2019), Guilan (Sakenin et al., 2006a; Samin et al., 2019), Mazandaran (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004; Ghahari et al., 2004a,c; Modarres Awal, 2012), Iran (no specific locality) (Modarres Awal 1997, 2012 – under Eulophidae).

Chapter 2

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

General distribution: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Egypt, France, Haiti, Indonesia, Iran, Italy, Madeira, Malawi, Mexico, Morocco, Mozambique, New Caledonia, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Senegal, South Africa, Switzerland, Taiwan, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, United States of America, Venezuela (Noyes, 2019); India (Hayat, 2012). Host records in Iran: Parlatoria asiatica Borchsenius (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Ghahari et al., 2004a; Modarres Awal, 2012), Parlatoria pergandei Comstock (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004; Ghahari et al., 2004a,c; Modarres Awal, 2012), Parlatoria ziziphi (Lucas) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004; Ghahari et al., 2011; Samin et al., 2019), Aspidiotus nerii Bouché (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on Aralia sp. (Araliaceae), Hemiberlesia lataniae (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on Ulmus campestris (Ulmaceae), Parlatoria asiatica Borchsenius on Ephedra sp. (Ephedraceae), Parlatoria pergandei Comstock on Althea rosea (Malvaceae) and Cammelia japonica (Teaceae) (Ghahari et al., 2011), Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (Morgan) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Ghahari, 2019; Samin et al., 2019), Lepidosaphes ulmi (L.) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), Parlatoria oleae (Colvée) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Samin et al., 2019). Comments: Assigned to the citrina species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b). Ghahari et al. (2004a) recorded E. lounsburyi from Golestan, but without exact localities, and it was listed from Golestan, Isfahan and Mazandaran by Modarres Awal (2012) on the basis of the title of the former publication. Encarsia lutea (Masi, 1909) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2004), Evans (2007), Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan, West Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al., 2011), Fars (Ale-Mansoor and Ahmadi, 1993; Ahmadi and Ale-Mansoor, 1995; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004), Golestan (Ghahari et al., 2004a; Karimian, 2004; Modarres Awal, 2012; Shahbazvar et al., 2018; Ghahari, 2019), Guilan (Sakenin et al., 2006a), Isfahan (Ghahari and Hatami, 2000a,b; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004; Ghahari et al., 2004a; Modarres Awal, 2012), Khuzestan (Modarres Awal, 2012; Moravvej et al.,

Family Aphelinidae Thomson, 1876

2016), Mazandaran (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004; Ghahari et al., 2004a; Modarres Awal, 2012; Shahbazvar et al., 2018), Semnan, Tehran (Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Australia, Bangladesh, Brazil, Caucasus, China, Cyprus, Czech Republic, France, Greece, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Madeira, Malta, Moldova, Pakistan, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sudan, Syria, Turkmenistan, United Kingdom, United States of America, Zimbabwe. Host records in Iran: Aleyrodes proletella (L.), Bulgarialeurodes cotesii (Maskell), Trialeurodes ricini (Misra) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Ghahari and Hatami, 2000b), Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Ale-Mansoor and Ahmadi, 1993; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Ghahari et al., 2004a; Karimian, 2004; Ghahari, 2019), Trialeurodes ricini on Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae) (Ahmadi and Ale-Mansoor, 1995), Bemisia tabaci on Gossypium hirsutum (Malvaceae) (Ahmadi and Ale-Mansoor, 1995; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004; Ghahari et al., 2011), Aleurolobus marlatti (Quaintance) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Ghahari, 2019), Aleurolobus marlatti on Verbena officinalis (Verbenaceae) and Abutilon foliosum (Malvaceae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004; Ghahari et al., 2011), Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Quaintance) on Ficus capensis (Moraceae), Aleurolobus marlatti on Punica granatum (Lythraceae), Bemisia ovata (Goux) on Helianthus annuus (Compositae), Bemisia tabaci on Cucumis sativus (Cucurbitaceae), Dialeurodes kirkaldyi (Kotinsky) on Juglans regia (Juglandaceae) (Ghahari et al., 2011), Bemisia tabaci on Abutilon theophrasti (Malvaceae), Phaseolus vulgaris (Fabaceae) and Urtica dioica (Urticaceae) (Shahbazvar et al., 2018), Aleurolobus niloticus Priesner and Hosny (Ghahari, 2019). Comments: Assigned to the lutea species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b). Encarsia macoensis Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007 Catalogues with Iranian records: Heraty et al. (2007), Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007a). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Host records in Iran: Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Berberis vulgaris (Berberidaceae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007a).

45

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Comments: Assigned to the strenua species group (Abd-Rabou et al., 2013). Encarsia macroptera Viggiani, 1985 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Isfahan (Ghahari et al., 2004a, 2006; Modarres Awal, 2012), Razavi Khorasan (Ghahari et al., 2006, as Encarsia lehri Yasnosh, 1989 – misidentification). General distribution: India, Pakistan. Host records in Iran: Aleurolobus moundi David and Subramaniam (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Ghahari et al., 2004a; Modarres Awal, 2012), Aleurolobus moundi on Euphorbia glomerifera (Euphorbiaceae) (Ghahari et al., 2006), Aleurolobus wunni (Ryberg) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Clematis vitalba (Rununculaceae) (Ghahari et al., 2006 under Encarsia lehri). Comments: Assigned to the lahorensis species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b). Ghahari et al. (2004a) recorded E. macroptera from Golestan, but without exact localities, and it was listed from Golestan, Isfahan and Mazandaran by Modarres Awal (2012) on the basis of the title of the former publication. Encarsia margaritiventris (Mercet, 1931) Catalogues with Iranian records: Evans (2007), Abd-­ Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Ilam (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005a). General distribution: Finland, Germany, Italy, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Russia, Sweden, Tajikistan, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Aleurotuba jelinekii (Frauenfeld) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005a). Comments: Assigned to the inaron species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b). Encarsia mineoi Viggiani, 1982 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2004), Evans (2007), Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan, West Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al., 2011), Golestan (Modarres Awal, 2012; Ghahari, 2019), Isfahan (Modarres Awal, 2012), Mazandaran (AbdRabou and Ghahari, 2004; Sakenin et al., 2004; Modarres Awal, 2012), Razavi Khorasan (AbdRabou and Ghahari, 2004). General distribution: Australia, Egypt, Iran, Israel, Libya, Spain, Sudan.

46

Host records in Iran: Acaudaleyrodes rachipora (Singh) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Sakenin et al., 2004; Ghahari, 2019), Acaudaleyrodes rachipora (as Acaudaleyrodes citri Priesner and Hosny) on Citrus decumana (Rutaceae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004), Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Citrullus colocynthis (Cucurbitacea) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004; Ghahari et al., 2011), Siphoninus immaculatus (Heeger) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Populus nigra (Salicaceae), Siphoninus phillyreae (Haliday) on Fraxinus excelsior (Oleaceae) (Ghahari et al., 2011). Comments: Assigned to the parvella species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b). Encarsia opulenta (Silvestri, 1927) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Sistan & Baluchestan (Ghahari et al., 2006). General distribution: Bahamas, Barbados, Caribbean, China, Cayman Islands, Costa Rica, Dominica, El Salvador, Guam, Honduras, Indochina, Jamaica, Malaysia, Mexico, Nicaragua, Oman, Pakistan, Puerto Rico, United States of America, Venezuela, Vietnam. Host records in Iran: Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Quaintance) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Hibiscus cannabinus (Malvaceae) (Ghahari et al., 2006). Comments: Assigned to the opulenta species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b). Noyes (2019) listed A. opulenta as also present in India, but M. Hayat believes that it does not occur there. Encarsia perflava Hayat, 1989 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Rasekh et al., 2010, as Encarsia nr. perflava Hayat, 1989). General distribution: India. Host records in Iran: Aleuroclava jasmini (Takahashi) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Citrus aurantifolia and Citrus paradisi (Rutaceae) (Rasekh et al., 2010). Comments: Assigned to the perflava species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b). Encarsia pergandiella Howard, 1907 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2004), Evans (2007), Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019), Noyes (2019).

Chapter 2

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Distribution in Iran: Golestan, Mazandaran (Ghahari et al., 2004a; Modarres Awal, 2012), Guilan (Shahbazvar et al., 2010), Isfahan (Ghahari and Hatami 2000a,b; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004; Ghahari et al., 2004a; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Australia, Azores, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Egypt, El Salvador, France, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Hawaii, Honduras, Iran, Israel, Italy, Madeira, Mexico, New Zealand, Portugal, Puerto Rico, South Africa, Spain, United States of America, former USSR, Venezuela. Host records in Iran: Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Ghahari and Hatami, 2000b; Hatami and Ghahari, 2000; Ghahari et al., 2004a; Modarres Awal, 2012), Trialeurodes vaporariorum on Hibiscus trionum (Malvaceae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004), Trialeurodes vaporariorum on Cucumis sativa (Cucurbitaceae), Cucurbita citrullus (Cucurbitaceae), Cucurbita maxima (Cucurbitaceae), Bidens bipinnata (Asteraceae), Phaseolus vulgaris (Fabaceae), Clerodendron bungei (Verbenaceae) and Abutilon theophrasti (Malvaceae), Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Abutilon theophrasti (Malvaceae) (Shahbazvar et al., 2010). Comments: Assigned to the parvella species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b). Morphology and bioecology of E. pergandiella was studied by Hatami and Ghahari (2000) on Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Encarsia perniciosi (Tower, 1913) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2004), Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan, West Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al., 2011), Golestan (Ghahari et al., 2004a; Modarres Awal, 2012; Ghahari, 2019), Guilan (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012, as Prospaltella perniciosi; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004; Sakenin et al., 2006a; Samin et al., 2019), Isfahan (Ghahari et al., 2004a; Modarres Awal, 2012), Mazandaran (AbdRabou and Ghahari, 2004; Ghahari et al., 2004a; Modarres Awal, 2012; Toorani et al., 2017a,c, 2019; Toorani and Abbasipour, 2019). General distribution: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Caucasus, Chile, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Egypt, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Korea, Mexico, Moldova,

Family Aphelinidae Thomson, 1876

Pakistan, Portugal, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, Taiwan, Turkey, United States of America, Uruguay, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Ghahari et al., 2004a; Samin et al., 2019), Quadraspidiotus perniciosus on Populus nigra nigra (Salicaceae) and Robinia viscosa (Papilionaceae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004; Ghahari et al., 2011), Quadraspidiotus perniciosus on Hedera helix (Araliaceae) and Salix alba (Salicaceae) (Ghahari et al., 2011), Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni Tozzetti) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) in kiwi orchards (Toorani et al., 2017a,c, 2019; Toorani and Abbasipour, 2019), Diaspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock), Lepidosaphes ulmi (L.) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Ghahari, 2019), Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), Lepidosaphes beckii (Newman) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Samin et al., 2019). Comments: Assigned to the aurantii species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b). Encarsia protransvena Viggiani, 1985 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2004), Evans (2007), Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Golestan, Mazandaran (Ghahari et al., 2004a; Modarres Awal, 2012), Guilan (Sakenin et al., 2006a), Isfahan (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004; Ghahari et al., 2004a; Modarres Awal, 2012), Semnan (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005a, as Encarsia dialeurodis Hayat, 1989 – misidentification), Tehran (Manzari et al., 2018, as Encarsia nr. protransvena). General distribution: Argentina, Australia, China, Colombia, Egypt, Fiji, Hawaii, Honduras, Iran, Italy, Puerto Rico, Spain, Taiwan, United States of America (Noyes, 2019); India (Hayat et al., 2019). Host records in Iran: Trialeurodes packardi (Morrill) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Juglans regia (Juglandaceae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004), Dialeurodes kirkaldyi (Kotinsky) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Ghahari et al., 2004a; AbdRabou et al., 2005a under Encarsia dialeurodis; Modarres Awal, 2012), Aleuroclava jasmini (Takahashi) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Morus alba (Moraceae) (Manzari et al., 2018). Comments: Assigned to the strenua species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b).

47

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Encarsia shutovae Yasnosh, 1973 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Ghahari et al., 2004a, 2006; Modarres Awal, 2012), Mazandaran (Ghahari et al., 2004a, 2006; Modarres Awal, 2012), Razavi Khorasan (Ghahari et al., 2006). General distribution: Kirgizia. Host records in Iran: Bemisia confusa Danzig (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Ghahari et al., 2004a; Modarres Awal, 2012), Bemisia confusa on Malva parviflora (Malvaceae) and Glycyrrhiza glabra (Legominosae), Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) on Vitex pseudo-negundo (Verbenaceae) (Ghahari et al., 2006). Comments: Assigned to the tricolor species group (Hayat, 1989). Encarsia shutovae has not been collected from Isfahan, although Modarres Awal (2012) listed it erroneously from there on the basis of Ghahari et al. (2004a). Encarsia smithi (Silvestri, 1926) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Sakenin et al., 2006a). General distribution: Bangladesh, China, Cuba, Guam, Hawaii, India, Japan, Maldives, Mexico, Micronesia, Pakistan, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Taiwan, United States of America. Comments: Assigned to the smithi species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b). Encarsia sophia (Girault and Dodd, 1915) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2004), Evans (2007), Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005; Sakenin et al., 2006a; Shahbazvar et al., 2010), Isfahan (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004). General distribution: Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Australia, China, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Ethiopia, Hawaii, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Malawi, Malaysia, Martinique, Mexico, Morocco, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines, Russia, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, United States of America, Zimbabwe. Host records in Iran: Trialeurodes ricini (Misra) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2004), Aleurochiton pseudoplatani Visnya (Hemiptera:

48

Aleyrodidae) on Acer velutinum (Aceraceae) (Shahbazvar et al., 2010). Comments: Assigned to the strenua species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b; Polaszek and Manzari, 2008). The record of E. sophia as a hyperparasitoid of Tamarixia radiata (Waterston) (Eulophidae) by Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2005) is doubtful and needs confirmation. Encarsia strenua (Silvestri, 1927) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Tehran (Manzari et al., 2019). General distribution: Caribbean (including West Indies), China, Egypt, Honduras, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Puerto Rico, Spain, Taiwan, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Aleuroclava jasmini (Takahashi) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Manzari et al., 2019). Comments: Assigned to the strenua species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b). Encarsia tricolor Förster, 1878 Catalogues with Iranian records: Evans (2007), Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Razavi Khorasan (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005a, as Encarsia tricolor and Encarsia mohyuddini Shafee and Rizvi, 1982 – misidentification). General distribution: Azores, Belgium, Caucasus, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Madeira, Netherlands, Portugal, Russia, Serbia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Bemisia salicaria Danzig (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005a), Bemisia sugonjaevi Danzig (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005a, under Encarsia mohyuddini). Comments: Assigned to the tricolor species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b). Genus Pteroptrix Westwood, 1833 Pteroptrix bicolor (Howard, 1898) Archenomus bicolor Howard, 1898. Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan, Isfahan, Kordestan, Markazi, Tehran (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012, as Archenomus bicolor), Mazandaran (Ghahari et al., 2010). General distribution: Argentina, Austria, Azerbaijan, Caucasus, China, Czech Republic, Egypt, France,

Chapter 2

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Indonesia, Iran, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Diaspidiotus prunorum (Laing) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), Eulecanium tiliae (L.) (as E. coryli (L.)) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Salicicola kermanensis (Lindinger) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Ghahari et al., 2010). Pteroptrix dimidiata Westwood, 1833 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Markazi (Yousefi et al., 2018). General distribution: Argentina, Bulgaria, Caucasus, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Tunisia, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Lepidosaphes malicola Borchsenius (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Yousefi et al., 2018). Pteroptrix lauri (Mercet, 1911) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Ghahari et al., 2010). General distribution: Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Caucasus, China, Czech Republic, Georgia, Italy, Moldova, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Turkey, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Salicicola davatchii (Balachowsky and Kaussari) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Ghahari et al., 2010). Pteroptrix macropedicellata (Malac, 1947) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Ebrahimi et al., 2012; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2014). General distribution: Azerbaijan, Caucasus, Czech Republic, Slovakia. Host records in Iran: Sphaerolecanium prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Ebrahimi et al., 2012; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2014). Pteroptrix maritima Nikols’kaya, 1952 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2019). Distribution in Iran: Kordestan (Abd-Rabou et al., 2019).

Family Aphelinidae Thomson, 1876

General distribution: Armenia, Caucasus, Hungary, Italy, Russia, Ukraine, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Lepidosaphes ulmi (L.) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2019). Pteroptrix opaca Erdős, 1956 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Markazi (Yousefi et al., 2018). General distribution: Czech Republic, Georgia, Hungary, Italy, Romania, Slovakia. Host records in Iran: Lepidosaphes malicola Borchsenius (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Yousefi et al., 2018). Pteroptrix smithi (Compere, 1953) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2019). Distribution in Iran: Northern Khorasan (AbdRabou et al., 2019). General distribution: China, Egypt, Israel, Italy, Mexico, Philippines, Taiwan, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2019).

Subfamily Eretmocerinae Shafee and Khan, 1978 Genus Eretmocerus Haldeman, 1850 Eretmocerus adustiscutum Krishnan and David, 1996 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2005b, 2013, 2019), Evans (2007), AbdRabou and Ghahari (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Kerman, Razavi Khorasan (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005b; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2011). General distribution: India, Iran. Host records in Iran: Lipaleyrodes euphorbiae David and Subramaniam (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Euphorbia pulcherrima (Euphorbiaceae), Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Crataegus microphylla (Rosaceae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005b; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2011). Comments: Assigned to the californicus species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b). Eretmocerus breviclavus Subba Rao, 1984 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2005b, 2013, 2019), Evans (2007), Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2011), Noyes (2019).

49

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005b; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2011), Mazandaran (Karimian et al., 2004; Abd-Rabou et al., 2005b; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2011; Modarres Awal, 2012), Razavi Khorasan, Yazd (Karimian et al., 2004). General distribution: India, Iran. Host records in Iran: Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Citrus sinensis (Rutaceae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005b; AbdRabou and Ghahari, 2011), Aleurocanthus zizyphi Priesner and Hosny (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Ficus carica (Moraceae) (Karimian et al., 2004; Abd-Rabou et al., 2005b; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2011; Modarres Awal, 2012). Comments: Assigned to the longipes species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b). Eretmocerus cadabae Viggiani, 1982 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2005b, 2013, 2019), Evans (2007), Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2011). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al., 2011), Guilan (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005b; Ghahari et al., 2006; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2011). General distribution: Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran. Host records in Iran: Aleuroplatus pectiniferus Quaintance and Baker (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Ficus capensis (Moraceae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005b; Ghahari et al., 2006, 2011; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2011). Comments: Assigned to the cadabae species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b). Eretmocerus corni Huldeman, 1850 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Golestan, Razavi Khorasan (Ghahari et al., 2006). General distribution: Argentina, Chile, China, Egypt, Greece, Hawaii, Italy, Mexico, Pakistan, Paraguay, United Kingdom, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Acaudaleyrodes rachipora (Singh) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Punica granatum (Lythraceae), Trialeurodes packardi (Morrill) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Fragaria vesca (Rosaceae) (Ghahari et al., 2006). Comments: Assigned to the californicus species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b). Noyes (2019) listed E. corni as also from India, but Hayat (1998) stated that the record of E. corni from India is

50

based on misidentification of Eretmocerus adustiscutum. Eretmocerus debachi Rose and Rosen, 1992 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2005b, 2013, 2019), Evans (2007), Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005b; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2011), Isfahan (Ghahari et al., 2004b; Abd-Rabou et al., 2005b; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2011; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: France, Iran, Israel, Italy, Spain, Tunisia, Turkey, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Parabemisia myricae (Kuwana) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Ghahari et al., 2004b; Modarres Awal, 2012), Parabemisia myrica on Citrus bigaradia (Rutaceae) and Citrus aurantifolia (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005b; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2011). Comments: Assigned to the paulistus species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b). Eretmocerus delhiensis Mani, 1941 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Rasekh et al., 2010, as Eretmocerus nr. delhiensis Mani, 1941), Khuzestan (Khadempour et al., 2014a; Ebrahimifar et al., 2016b; Moravvej et al., 2016; Ebrahimifar and Jamshidnia, 2019). General distribution: India, Pakistan. Host records in Iran: Aleuroclava jasmini (Takahashi) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Citrus reticulata (Rutaceae) (Rasekh et al., 2010), Neomaskellia andropogonis Corbett (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Khadempour et al., 2014a,b,c), Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Ebrahimifar et al., 2016a,b,c; Ebrahimifar and Jamshidnia, 2019; Jamshidnia and Ebrahimifar, 2019). Comments: Assigned to the californicus species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b). Functional and numerical response of E. delhiensis was studied by Khadempour et al. (2014b) and Ebrahimifar et al. (2016c) on Neomaskellia andropogonis Corbett and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Eretmocerus diversiciliatus Silvestri, 1928 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2005b, 2013, 2019), Evans (2007), AbdRabou and Ghahari (2011), Noyes (2019).

Chapter 2

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Distribution in Iran: Kermanshah (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005b; Ghahari et al., 2006; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2011). General distribution: Egypt, Iran, Israel, Nigeria, Sudan, Turkey. Host records in Iran: Aleuroclava similis (Takahashi) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Amaranthus retroflexus (Amaranthaceae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005b; Ghahari et al., 2006; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2011). Comments: Assigned to the diversiciliatus species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b). Eretmocerus eremicus Rose and Zolnerowich, 1997 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Shahbazvar et al., 2010). General distribution: Belgium, Egypt, Italy, Mexico, Morocco, Peru, Spain, United Arab Emirates, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Helianthus tuberosus (Asteraceae) (Shahbazvar et al., 2010). Comments: Not assigned to species group. Eretmocerus flavus Krishnan and David, 1996 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2005b, 2013, 2019), Evans (2007), Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Rasekh et al., 2010, as Eretmocerus sp. nr. flavus), Isfahan (Ghahari et al., 2004b; Abd-Rabou et al., 2005b; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2011; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: India, Iran, Taiwan. Host records in Iran: Lipaleyrodes euphorbiae David and Subramaniam (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Ghahari et al., 2004b; Modarres Awal, 2012), Lipaleyrodes euphorbiae on Euphorbia prostrata (Euphorbiaceae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005b; AbdRabou and Ghahari, 2011), Aleurolobus marlatti (Quaintance) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Citrus aurantium (Rutaceae) (Rasekh et al., 2010). Comments: Assigned to the longipes species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b). Eretmocerus longiscapus Hayat, 1998 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2005b, 2013, 2019), Evans (2007), Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Razavi Khorasan (Sakenin et al., 2004; Abd-Rabou et al., 2005b; Ghahari et al., 2006; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2011;

Family Aphelinidae Thomson, 1876

Modarres Awal, 2012), Semnan (Sakenin et al., 2004; Abd-Rabou et al., 2005b; Ghahari et al., 2006; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2011). General distribution: China, India, Iran. Host records in Iran: Aleurolobus marlatti (Quaintance) (Sakenin et al., 2004; Modarres Awal, 2012), Bemisia sugonjaevi Danzig (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Sakenin et al., 2004), Aleurolobus marlatti on Verbena officinalis (Verbenaceae), Aleurolobus vitis Danzig (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Vitis vinifera (Vitaceae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005b; Ghahari et al., 2006; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2011). Comments: Assigned to the californicus species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b). Eretmocerus mundus Mercet, 1931 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2005b, 2013, 2019), Evans (2007), Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Cosmopolite. East Azarbaijan, West Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al., 2011), Fars (Ale-Mansoor and Ahmadi, 1993, 1995; Ahmadi and Ale-Mansoor, 1995; Monsef and Amin, 1995; Abd-Rabou et al., 2005b; Ghahari et al., 2006; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2011; Modarres Awal, 2012), Golestan (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998; Karimian, 2004; Abd-Rabou et al., 2005b; Ghahari et al., 2006; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2011; Shahbazi et al., 2013), Guilan (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005b; Shahbazvar et  al., 2010), Isfahan (Ghahari and Hatami, 2000a,b; Modarres Awal, 2012), Khuzestan (Mossadegh and Kocheili, 2003; Kocheili and Mossadegh, 2007; Zandi Sohani and Shishehbor, 2010; Modarres Awal, 2012; Moravvej et al., 2016), Mazandaran (Modarres Awal, 1997; Ghahari et al., 2005, 2006; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2011), Semnan (Talebi, 1998; Modarres Awal, 2012), Tehran (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998; Talebi, 1998; Shojai et al., 2005; Ghahari et al., 2006; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2011). General distribution: Cosmopolite. Australia, Bangladesh, China, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Egypt, France, Georgia, Germany, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Madeira, Malawi, Mali, Malta, Mexico, Micronesia, Moldova, Nauru, Netherlands, Pakistan, Russia, Spain, Sudan, Syria, Taiwan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Aleurolobus sp. (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Ziziphus spinachristi (Ahmadi

51

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

and Ale-Mansoor, 1995), Bemisia hancocki Corbett, Trialeurodes packardi (Morill) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Ghahari and Hatami, 2000b), Aleyrodes lonicerae Walker (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Crataegus microphylla (Rosaceae), Rosanovia hulthemiae Danzig (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Ajuga gorganica (Labiatae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005b; Ghahari et al., 2006; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2011), Bemisia afer (Priesner and Hosny) on Cynanchum acutum (Lauraceae),Bulgarialeurodes cotesii (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Rosa canina (Rosaceae), Trialeurodes ricini (Misra) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Trialeurodes ricini on Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae) (Ahmadi and Ale-Mansoor, 1995; Ghahari et al., 2011), Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Ale-Mansoor and Ahmadi, 1993; Monsef and Amin, 1995; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Ghahari and Hatami, 2000b; Shojai et al., 2005; Kocheili and Mossadegh, 2007), Bemisia tabaci on Gossypium hirsutum (Malvaceae) (Ahmadi and Ale-Mansoor, 1995; Ale-Mansoor and Ahmadi, 1995; Shojai, 1998; Karimian, 2004; Abd-Rabou et al., 2005b; Ghahari et al., 2005, 2006; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2011; Ghahari et al., 2011; Shahbazi et al., 2013), Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Shojai, 1998), Bemisia tabaci on Hibiscus esculentum (Malvaceae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005b; Ghahari et al., 2006, 2011; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2011), Bemisia tabaci on Cucumis sativus (Cucurbitaceae) (Zandi Sohani and Shishehbor, 2010), Bemisia tabaci on Rubus sp. (Rosaceae) (Shahbazvar et al., 2010). Comments: Assigned to the mundus species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b). Eretmocerus mundus includes two different strains in Iran, of which their morphology, biology, efficiency and behaviour were studied by Ghahari and Ostovan (2002a,b), Ghahari et al. (2005) and Ghahari and Ostovan (2006) on Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Eretmocerus neobemisiae Yasnosh, 1974 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2005b, 2013, 2019), Evans (2007), Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Golestan, Guilan (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005b; Ghahari et al., 2006; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2011). General distribution: Georgia, Iran.

52

Host records in Iran: Asterobemisia atraphaxius Danzig (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Atraphaxis spinosa (Polygonaceae), Asterobemisia carpini (Koch) on Corylus avellana (Betulaceae) (AbdRabou et al., 2005b; Ghahari et al., 2006; AbdRabou and Ghahari, 2011). Comments: Assigned to the paulistus species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b). Eretmocerus neomaskelliae Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2005b, 2013, 2019), Evans (2007), Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005b; Ghahari et al., 2006; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2011). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Host records in Iran: Neomaskellia bergii (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Sorghum halepense (Graminae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005b; Ghahari et al., 2006; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2011). Comments: Assigned to the diversiciliatus species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b). Eretmocerus nikolskajae Myartseva, 1973 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2005b, 2013, 2019), Evans (2007), Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Ghahari et  al., 2011), Golestan (Ghahari et al., 2004b; Abd-Rabou et al., 2005b; Ghahari et al., 2006; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2011; Modarres Awal, 2012), Mazandaran, Razavi Khorasan (AbdRabou et al., 2005b; Ghahari et al., 2006; AbdRabou and Ghahari, 2011). General distribution: Iran, Turkmenistan. Host records in Iran: Bulgarialeurodes cotesii (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Ghahari et al., 2004b; Modarres Awal, 2012), Bulgarialeurodes cotesii on Rosa hemisphaerica and Rosa canina (Rosaceae), Tetralicia erianthi Danzig on Ranunculus arvensis (Rununculaceae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005b; Ghahari et al., 2006; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2011; Ghahari et al., 2011). Comments: Assigned to the paulistus species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b). Eretmocerus ostovani Ghahari and Abd-Rabou, 2005 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2005b, 2013, 2019), Evans (2007), Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2011), Noyes (2019).

Chapter 2

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005b; Ghahari et al., 2006; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2011). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Host records in Iran: Aleyrodes elevatus Silvestri (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Ficus religiosa (Moraceae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005b; Ghahari et al., 2006; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2011). Comments: Assigned to the longipes species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b). Eretmocerus persiangulfus Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2011 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019), Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2011). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Host records in Iran: Parabemisia myricae (Kuwana) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Prunus persica (Rosaceae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2011). Comments: Assigned to the paulistus species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2011). Eretmocerus serius Silvestri, 1927 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2005b, 2013, 2019), Evans (2007), Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005b; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2011), Khusestan (Kocheili, 1998; Abd-Rabou et al., 2005b; AbdRabou and Ghahari, 2011; Modarres Awal, 2012; Moravvej et al., 2016), West Azarbaijan (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005b; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2011; Ghahari et al., 2011). General distribution: Bangladesh, Central America, China, Costa Rica, Cuba, Guam, Haiti, Hawaii, India, Indonesia, Iran, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Malaysia, Mexico, Myanmar, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Singapore, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam. Host records in Iran: Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Quaintance) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Citrus bigaradia (Rutaceae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005b; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2011), Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby on Citrus aurantium (Rutaceae), Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Kocheili, 1998; Modarres Awal, 2012), Bemisia tabaci on Hibiscus esculentum (Malvaceae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005b; AbdRabou and Ghahari, 2011; Ghahari et al., 2011).

Family Aphelinidae Thomson, 1876

Comments: Assigned to the californicus species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b). Eretmocerus trialeurodis Hayat, 1998 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2005b, 2013, 2019), Evans (2007), Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Rasekh et al., 2010, as Eretmocerus nr. trialeurodis), Kerman (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005b; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2011), Tehran (Manzari et al., 2018, as Eretmocerus nr. trialeurodis). General distribution: India, Iran, Taiwan. Host records in Iran: Trialeurodes ricini (Misra) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005b; AbdRabou and Ghahari, 2011), Aleuroclava jasmini (Takahashi) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Morus alba (Moraceae) (Manzari et al., 2018). Comments: Assigned to the californicus species group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b). An unknown species, Eretmocerus sp. nr. trialeurodis, was recorded from Fars province as a parasitoid of Aleurolobus marlatti (Quaintance) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Citrus aurantium (Rutaceae) (Rasekh et al., 2010). Eretmocerus spp. Distribution in Iran: Fars (Rasekh et al., 2010), Khuzestan (Minaei Moghadam et al., 2012, 2015). Host records in Iran: Aleuroclava jasmini (Takahashi) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Citrus reticulata (Rutaceae) (Rasekh et al., 2010), Neomaskellia andropogonis Corbett (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on sugarcane (Minaei Moghadam et al., 2012, 2015). Species excluded from the fauna of Iran Genus Aphelinus Dalman, 1820 Aphelinus ancer Hayat, 1990 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Reported distribution in Iran: Razavi Khorasan (Ghahari et al., 2010). General distribution: India. Host records reported in Iran: Macrosiphoniella sanborni (Gillette) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Ghahari et al., 2010). Comments: Re-examination of specimens proved Ghahari et al. (2010) identification of A. ancer was a misidentification of Aphelinus subflavescens

53

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

and we therefore exclude A. ancer from the fauna of Iran and record the data under A. subflavescens. Aphelinus desantisi Hayat, 1972 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Reported distribution in Iran: Isfahan (Ghahari et al., 2010). General distribution: India. Host records reported in Iran: Longiungius pyrarius (Passerini) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Pyrus sp. (Rosaceae) (Ghahari et al., 2010). Comments: Re-examination of specimens proved Ghahari et al. (2010) identification of A. desantisi was a misidentification of Aphelinus varipes and we therefore exclude A. desantisi from the fauna of Iran and record the data under A. varipes. Aphelinus maidis Timberlake, 1924 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Reported distribution in Iran: Golestan (Ghahari et al., 2010). General distribution: Hawaii, Myanmar, Taiwan. Host records reported in Iran: Aphis sp. (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Ghahari et al., 2010). Comments: Re-examination of the specimens proved Ghahari et al. (2010) identification of A. maidis was a misidentification of Aphelinus semiflavus and we therefore exclude A. maidis from the fauna of Iran and record the data under A. semiflavus. Aphelinus perpallidus Gahan, 1924 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Reported distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Ghahari et al., 2010). General distribution: Canada, Israel, South Africa, United States of America. Host records reported in Iran: Brevicoryne sp. (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Ghahari et al., 2010). Comments: Re-examination of the specimens proved Ghahari et al. (2010) identification of A.  perpallidus was a misidentification of Aphelinus subflavescens and we therefore exclude A. perpallidus from the fauna of Iran and record the data under A. subflavescens. Genus Coccobius Ratzeburg, 1852 Coccobius diaspidis (Howard, 1907) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019).

54

Reported distribution in Iran: Kermanshah (Ghahari et al., 2010). General distribution: South Africa. Host records reported in Iran: Diaspis boisduvalii Signoret (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Ghahari et al., 2010). Comments: Re-examination of the specimens proved Ghahari et al. (2010) identification of C. diaspidis was a misidentification of Coccobius noaeae and we therefore exclude C. diaspidis from the fauna of Iran and record the data under C. noaeae. Coccobius flaviceps (Girault and Dodd, 1915) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Reported distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al., 2010). General distribution: Australia. Host records reported in Iran: Lepidosaphes conchiformis (Gmelin) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Ghahari et al., 2010). Comments: Re-examination of the specimens proved Ghahari et al. (2010) identification of C. flaviceps was a misidentification of Coccobius fulvus and we therefore exclude C. flaviceps from the fauna of Iran and record the data under C. fulvus. Hayat (1985) showed that C. flaviceps recorded by Hayat (1971) was a misidentification of C. fulvus. Also, Huang (1994) mentioned C. fulvus not C. flaviceps. Coccobius flaviceps is distributed only in Australia, not China and India as quoted by Noyes (2019). Coccobius flaviventris (Howard, 1910) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Reported distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Ghahari et al., 2010). General distribution: Philippines, United States of America. Host records reported in Iran: Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Ghahari et al., 2010). Comments: Re-examination of the specimens proved Ghahari et al. (2010) identification of C. flaviventris was a misidentification of Coccobius reticulatus and we therefore exclude C. flaviventris from the fauna of Iran and record the data under C. reticulatus. Coccobius fusciventris (Girault, 1913) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019).

Chapter 2

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Reported distribution in Iran: Isfahan (Ghahari et al., 2010). General distribution: Australia. Host records reported in Iran: Parlatoria blanchardii (Targioni-Tozzetti) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Ghahari et al., 2010). Comments: Re-examination of specimens proved Ghahari et al. (2010) identification of C. fusciventris was a misidentification of Coccobius contigaspidis and we therefore exclude C. fusciventris from the fauna of Iran and record the data under C. contigaspidis. Coccobius multicolor (Girault, 1915) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Reported distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Ghahari et al., 2010). General distribution: Australia. Host records reported in Iran: Parlatoria oleae (Colvée) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Ghahari et al., 2010). Comments: Re-examination of specimens proved Ghahari et al. (2010) identification of C. multicolor was a misidentification of Coccobius mesasiaticus and we therefore exclude C. multicolor from the fauna of Iran and record the data under C. mesasiaticus. Coccobius nigriceps (Girault, 1913) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Reported distribution in Iran: Hamadan (Ghahari et al., 2010). General distribution: Australia. Host records reported in Iran: Lepidosaphes granati Koroneos (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Ghahari et al., 2010). Comments: Re-examination of specimens proved Ghahari et al. (2010) identification of C. nigriceps was a misidentification of Coccobius fulvus and we therefore exclude C. nigriceps from the fauna of Iran and record the data under C. fulvus. Coccobius pullus Prinsloo, 1995 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Reported distribution in Iran: Kermanshah (Ghahari et al., 2010). General distribution: Namibia, South Africa. Host records reported in Iran: Melanaspis inopinata (Leonardi) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Ghahari et al., 2010).

Family Aphelinidae Thomson, 1876

Comments: Re-examination of specimens proved Ghahari et al. (2010) identification of C. pullus was a misidentification of Coccobius indefinitus and we therefore exclude C. pullus from the fauna of Iran and record the data under C. indefinitus. Genus Coccophagus Westwood, 1833 Coccophagus rusti Compère, 1928 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Reported distribution in Iran: Semnan (Ghahari et al., 2010). General distribution: Israel, Kenya, Mexico, Peru, South Africa, Uganda, United States of America. Host records reported in Iran: Coccus sp. (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Ghahari et al., 2010). Comments: Re-examination of specimens proved Ghahari et al. (2010) identification of C. rusti was a misidentification of Coccophagus palaeolecanii and we therefore exclude C. rusti from the fauna of Iran and record the data under C. palaeolecanii. Genus Encarsia Förster, 1878 Encarsia dialeurodis Hayat, 1989 Catalogues with Iranian records: Evans (2007), Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Reported distribution in Iran: Semnan (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005a). General distribution: India, Pakistan. Host records reported in Iran: Dialeurodes kirkaldyi (Kotinsky) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005a). Comments: Re-examination of specimens proved Abd-Rabou et al. (2005a) identification of E. dialeurodis was a misidentification of Encarsia protransvena and we therefore exclude E. dialeurodis from the fauna of Iran and record the data under E. protransvena. Encarsia lehri Yasnosh, 1989 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Reported distribution in Iran: Razavi Khorasan (Ghahari et al., 2006). General distribution: Russia. Host records reported in Iran: Aleurolobus wunni (Ryberg) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Clematis vitalba (Rununculaceae) (Ghahari et al., 2006). Comments: Re-examination of specimens proved Ghahari et al. (2010) identification of E. lehri

55

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

was a misidentification of Encarsia macroptera and we therefore exclude E. lehri from the fauna of Iran and record the data under E. macroptera. Encarsia lipaleyrodis Krishnan and Vasantharaj David, 1996 Catalogues with Iranian records: Evans (2007), Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Reported distribution in Iran: Kerman (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005a). General distribution: India. Host records reported in Iran: Lipaleyrodes euphorbiae David and Subramaniam (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005a). Comments: Re-examination of specimens proved AbdRabou et al. (2005a) identification of E. lipaleyrodis was a misidentification of Encarsia formosa and we therefore exclude E. lipaleyrodis from the fauna of Iran and record the data under E. formosa. Encarsia luteola Howard, 1895 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Reported distribution in Iran: Guilan (Sakenin et al., 2006a), Mazandaran (Ghahari et al., 2004a; Modarres Awal, 2012), West Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al., 2011). General distribution: Brazil, Chile, Cuba, Guadeloupe, Israel, Martinique, Mexico, Puerto Rico, South Africa, United States of America. Host records reported in Iran: Trialeurodes variabilis (Quaintance) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Ghahari et al., 2004a; Modarres Awal, 2012), Trialeurodes lauri (Signoret) on Laurus nobilis (Lauraceae), Trialeurodes variabilis on Cyperus rotundus (Cyperaceae) (Ghahari et al., 2011). Comments: Re-examination of specimens proved identifications of E. luteola by Ghahari et al. (2004a, 2011) and Sakenin et al. (2006a) were misidentifications of Encarsia formosa and we therefore exclude E. luteola from the fauna of Iran and record the data under E. formosa. Encarsia maritima Yasnosh, 1989 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Reported distribution in Iran: Razavi Khorasan (Ghahari et al., 2006). General distribution: Russia. Host records reported in Iran: Aleurolobus wunni (Ryberg) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Ranunculus arvensis (Ranunculaceae) (Ghahari et al., 2006).

56

Comments: Re-examination of specimens proved Ghahari et al. (2010) identification of E. maritima was a misidentification of Encarsia bimaculata and we therefore exclude E. maritima from the fauna of Iran and record the data under E. bimaculata. Encarsia mohyuddini Shafee and Rizvi, 1982 Catalogues with Iranian records: Evans (2007), Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Reported distribution in Iran: Razavi Khorasan (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005a). General distribution: Pakistan, Taiwan. Host records reported in Iran: Bemisia sugonjaevi Danzig (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005a). Comments: Re-examination of specimens proved AbdRabou et al. (2005a) identification of E. mohyuddini was a misidentification of Encarsia tricolor and we therefore exclude E. mohyuddini from the fauna of Iran and record the data under E. tricolor. Encarsia porteri (Mercet, 1927) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Reported distribution in Iran: Isfahan (Ghahari and Hatami, 2000a,b; Ghahari et al., 2004a; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Peru. Host records reported in Iran: Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Ghahari and Hatami, 2000b; Sakenin et al., 2006b), Trialeurodes packardi (Morill) (Ghahari et al., 2004a), Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Sakenin et al., 2006b), eggs of Heliothis armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Gossypium hirsutum (Malvaceae) (Sakenin et al., 2006b). Comments: Encarsia porteri is assigned to the lahorensis-group (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007b); it was introduced to Iran (Isfahan) by H. Ghahari in 1998, but probably did not establish. Furthermore, E. porteri was not collected and recorded from Golestan and Mazandaran, although Modarres Awal (2012) erroneously listed it on the basis of Ghahari et al. (2004a). The biology and efficiency of E. porteri were studied on Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) and Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) by Sakenin et al. (2006b) under greenhouse condition, and the results indicated that the second nymphal stage of B. tabaci and

Chapter 2

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

fourth nymphal stage of T. vaporariorum are preferred by the parasitoid. The mated females parasitized both second nymphal stage of B. tabaci (or fourth of T. vaporariorum) and the eggs of Heliothis armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), but unmated females parasitized only eggs of H. armigera (Abd-Rabou et al., 2013).

References Abbasi Mojdehi, M.R. and Ghannad Amooz, S. (2019) Population fluctuations of Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Hem.: Diaspididae) and its parasitism rate in Kiwi fruit orchards of Guilan province. Plant Pest Research 9, 59–71. Abd-Rabou, S. and Evans, G. (2011) An annotated list of species of the family Aphelinidae in Egypt with a key to the genera (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 46(2), 297–309. Abd-Rabou, S. and Ghahari, H. (2004) A revision of Encarsia (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) species from Iran. Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research 82, 647–684. Abd-Rabou, S. and Ghahari, H. (2005) A list of hyperparasitoids of whiteflies and coccids (Homoptera) in Iran, with special study on Iranian Ablerus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research 83, 311–317. Abd-Rabou, S. and Ghahari, H. (2007a) Two new species of the genus Encarsia Foerster (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) from Iran. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 42, 161–167. Abd-Rabou, S. and Ghahari, H. (2007b) Key to the Encarsia species-groups and species-groups Eretmocerus with a list of specialists of Encarsia and Eretmocerus of the world. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 42, 361–366. Abd-Rabou, S. and Ghahari, H. (2011) Three new species of Eretmocerus Haldeman (Aphelinidae: Hymenoptera) and an Iranian list of the Eretmocerus species. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 46, 165–173. Abd-Rabou, S., Ghahari, H., Huang, J. and Bouček, Z. (2005a) New records of aphelinid and pteromalid wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Aphelinidae, Pteromalidae) from Iran. Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research 83, 1619–1623. Abd-Rabou, S., Ghahari, H. and Evans, G. (2005b) Iranian Eretmocerus-species (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Aphelinidae) parasitoids of whiteflies (Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodidae). Mitteilungen des Internationalen Entomologischen Vereins 30, 157–176. Abd-Rabou, S., Ghahari, H., Myartseva, S.N. and RuízCancino, E. (2013) Iranian Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 1, 116–140.

Family Aphelinidae Thomson, 1876

Abd-Rabou, S., Samin, N., Coronado-Blanco, J.M. and Sakenin, H. (2019) New records of Aphelinidae from Iran, and updated checklist of Iranian Aphelinidae, Azotidae and Eriaporidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Egyptian Journal of Plant Protection Research Institute 2, 67–71. Abolmasoumi, N., Talebi, A.A., Rakhshani, E. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2009) Study on faunistic, biodiversity and host rates of (Hym., Aphelinidae) in some parts of Markazi and Lorestan provinces, Iran. Journal of Entomological Research 2, 1–12 [in Persian, English summary]. Abolmasoumi, N., Talebi, A.A., Rakhshani, E. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2010) Study on faunistic, biodiversity and host rates of (Hym., Aphelinidae) in some parts of Markazi and Lorestan provinces, Iran. Proceedings of the 19th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 31 July – 3 August 2010, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, p. 146. Ahmadi, A.A. and Ale-Mansoor, H. (1995) The potential of Eretmocerus mundus and Encarsia lutea as parasitoids of the cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in Fars province. Proceedings of the 12th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 2–7 September 1995, Karaj Junior College of Agriculture, Karaj, p. 103. Ahmadi, A.A. and Sarafrazi, A.M. (1993) Distribution and natural enemies of Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) (Homoptera: Aphididae) in the Fars province. Proceedings of the 11th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 August – 2 September 1993, University of Guilan, p. 1. Ahmadi, Z. and Alavi, S. (2014) Identification of natural enemies of white mulberry, Pseudoleucaspis pontagona (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) in the East Azarbaijan. Proceedings of the 3rd Integrated Pest Management Conference (IPMC), Kerman, p. 483. Ale-Mansoor, H. and Ahmadi, A.A. (1993) Natural enemies of cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in Fars province. Proceedings of the 11th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, p. 106. Ale-Mansoor, H. and Ahmadi, A.A. (1995) Host-parasitoid interaction between Eretmocerus mundus Mercet (Hym., Aphelinidae) a parasitoid of cotton whitefly nymphs, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) in Fars province. Proceedings of the 12th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 2–7 September 1995, Karaj Junior College of Agriculture, Karaj, p. 101. Alhosseini, H. and Mostofi-Pour, P. (1995) Study on biology of Pseudoleucaspis pontagona and determination the natural potential of two parasitoids on this pest in west Mazandaran province. Proceedings of the 12th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 2–7 September 1995, Karaj Junior College of Agriculture, Karaj, p. 190. Alhosseini, H., Khrrazi-Pakdel, A., Esmaili, M. and Daniali, M. (1998) Parasitoids of white peach scale and biology of dominant species (Prospaltella berlesei) in Mazandaran. Proceedings of the 13th Iranian Plant

57

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Protection Congress, 23–27 August 1998, Karaj Junior College of Agriculture, p. 112. Aliakbar Aghadokht, P., Sarailoo, M.H., Yazdanian, M., Mottaki, E. and Polaszek, A. (2010) New report for wasps fauna for Iran. Proceedings of 19th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 31 July – 3 August 2010, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, p. 122. Annecke, D.P. (1964) The encyrtid and aphelinid parasites (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of soft brown scale, Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in South Africa. Entomology Memoir, Department of Agricultural Technical Services, Republic of South Africa, No. 7, 1–74. Bagheri, M.R., Hassanpour, M., Golizadeh, A. and Farrokhi, S. (2018) Life table parameters of Encarsia formosa Gahan, parasitoid of greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) nymphs. Proceedings of the 23rd Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 27–30 August 2018, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, p. 161. Bani-Hashemi, J., Lotfalizadeh, H. and Taghizadeh, M. (2014) First report of Aphelinus chaonia Walker (Hym.: Aphelinidae), with review of known species from Iran. Plant Pests Research 4, 47–53 [in Persian, English summary]. Basij, M., Abasipour, H., Lotfalizadeh, H. and Ranjbar, S. (2012) A new record of Aonidiella orientalis parasitoids in southern Kerman. Proceedings of the 20th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 26–29 August 2012, University of Shiraz, p. 96. Behdad, E. (1988) Pests and Diseases of Forest Trees, Shrubs and Ornamental Plants of Iran. Sepehr Press, Tehran, 807 pp. [in Persian]. Bellows, T.S. and Fisher, T.W. (1999) Handbook of Biological Control. Academic Press, San Diego, California, 1046 pp. Campbell, B., Heraty, J., Rasplus, J.-Y., Chan, K., SteffenCampbell, J. and Babcock, C.S. (2000) Molecular systematics of the Chalcidoidea using 28S-D2 rDNA. In: Austin, A.D. and Dowton, M. (eds) The Hymenoptera: Evolution, Biodiversity and Biological Control. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia, pp. 59–73. Chervonenko, O.V. (1997) New and rare species of the genus Aphelinus (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae) from Eastern Europe. Zoologichesky Zhurnal 76, 695–702. Compere, H. (1931) A revision of the species of Coccophagus, a genus of hymenopterous, coccidinhabiting parasites. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 78, 1–132. Darsuei, R., Karimi, J. and Modarres Awal, M. (2011) First record of Aphelinus paramali Zehavi and Rosen 1989 (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae), parasitoid of Aphis pomi de Geer (Hemiptera, Aphididae) in Iran, and its phylogenetic position based on sequence data of ITS2 and COI genes. Entomological Research 41, 194–200. Davatchi, A. and Shojai, M. (1969) Les Hyménoptères entomophages de l'Iran (études faunistiques). Vol.

58

107. Faculty Agriculture, University Publishing, Tehran, 88 pp. [in Persian, French summary]. Davatchi, A. and Taghizadeh, F. (1954) Les insectes nuisibles aux aurantiacées en Iran. Entomologie et Phytopathologie Appliquées 14, 1–80. Davoodi, A., Talebi, A.A., Radjabi, Gh. and Fathipour, Y. (2004a) Host range of 12 chalcid wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) on soft scales (Hom.: Coccidae) in Tehran and some other areas of Iran. Proceedings of the 16th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 August – 1 September 2004, University of Tabriz, p. 98. Davoodi, A., Talebi, A.A., Radjabi, Gh., Fathipour, Y., Rezaei, V. and Rakhshani, E. (2004b) An identification of parasitoids and hyperparasitoids of the most common soft scales (Hom.: Coccidae) in Tehran and Guilan provinces. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science 34, 887–899. Dolling, W.R. (1991) The Hemiptera. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 274 pp. Ebrahimi, E. (2014) Parasitoid and hyperparasitoid wasps of scale insects in Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum, Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 34, 73–83 [in Persian, English summary]. Ebrahimi, S.H., Shahid Zandi, K.H. and Mehrnejad, M.R. (1998) Population fluctuation of natural enemies of pistachio psylla (Agonoscena targionii Licht.). Proceedings of the 13th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 23–27 August 1998, Karaj Junior College of Agriculture, p. 106. Ebrahimi, A., Lotfalizadeh, H., Moghaddam, M. and Kazemi, M.H. (2012) Parasitoids of Sphaerolecanium prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe) (Hem.: Diaspididae) in EastAzarbaijan. Proceedings of the 20th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 26–29 August 2012, University of Shiraz, p. 113. Ebrahimifar, J. and Jamshidnia, A. (2019) Consumption rate of the parasitoid wasp, Eretmocerus delhiensis Mani on greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood. Proceedings of the 3rd Iranian International Congress of Entomology, p. 210. Ebrahimifar, J., Jamshidnia, A. and Allahyari, H. (2016a) Relationship between host feeding and parasitism of Eretmocerus delhiensis at different densities of Trialeurodes vaporariorum. Proceedings of the 3rd National Conference of Biological Control in Agriculture and Natural Resources, p. 23. Ebrahimifar, J., Jamshidnia, A. and Allahyari, H. (2016b) Life table parameters of parasitoid wasp Eretmocerus delhiensis Mani on greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood. Iranian Journal of Plant Protection Science 47, 21–29 [in Persian, English summary]. Ebrahimifar, J., Jamshidnia, A. and Allahyari, H. (2016c) Functional response of parasitoid wasp, Eretmocerus delhiensis (Hym., Aphelinidae) on greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum. Proceedings of the 22nd Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 27–30 August

Chapter 2

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

2016, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, p. 585. Emami, S.Y. and Mehrnejad, M.R. (2004) The situation of weed aphids parasitoids in pistachio orchards of Kerman province. Proceedings of the 16th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 August – 1 September 2004, University of Tabriz, p. 19. Evans, G. (2007) Parasitoids (Hymenoptera) Associated with Whiteflies (Aleyrodidae) of the World. USDA/ Animal Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), Riverdale, Maryland, 173 pp. Fallahzadeh, M. and Hesami, Sh. (2004) Studies of the natural enemies of Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) in Jahrom region. Proceedings of the 16th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 August – 1 September 2004, University of Tabriz, p. 47. Fallahzadeh, M., Hesami, Sh. and Moghaddam, M. (2002) The first record of Coccophagus pseudococci (Hym.: Aphelinidae) parasitoid of mealybugs (Hom.: Pseudococcidae) in Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 22, 81–82. Fallahzadeh, M., Shojai, M., Ostovan, H. and Kamali, K. (2008) Natural enemies of Planococcus ficus (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) in Fars province vineyards, Iran. Proceedings of the 18th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 24–27 August 2008, University of Bu-Ali Sina Hamedan, p. 79. Fallahzadeh, M., Japoshvili, G., Saghaei, N. and Daane, K.M. (2011) Natural enemies of Planococcus ficus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Fars Province vineyards, Iran. Biocontrol Science and Technology 21, 427–433. Farahbakhsh, G. (1961) Family Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera), p. 123. In: Farahbakhsh, G. (ed.) A Checklist of Economically Important Insects and Other Enemies of Plants and Agricultural Products in Iran. Ministry of Agriculture Publication, Department of Plant Protection, Tehran, Iran, 133 pp. Fattah-Hosseini, S., Karimi, J. and Allahyari, H. (2014) Molecular characterization of Iranian Encarsia formosa Gahan populations with natural incidence of Wolbachia infection. Journal of the Entomological Research Society 16, 85–100. Feli Kohikheili, Z. and Damavandian, M.R. (2017) Parasitoids and hyperparasitoids associated with Ceroplastes sinensis Guer (Hem.: Coccidae) in Mazandaran province, Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 37, 151– 153 [in Persian, English summary]. Feli Kohikheili, Z., Damavandian, M.R., Barimani Varandi, H. and Barari, H. (2015) First record of 3 species of parasitoid wasps on Coccoidea from Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 35, 93–96 [in Persian, English summary]. Ferrière, C. (1965) Faune de l'Europe et du Bassin Méditerranéen. 1. Hymenoptera Aphelinidae d'Europe et du Bassin Méditerranéen. Mason et Cie, Paris, 206 pp.

Family Aphelinidae Thomson, 1876

Gauld, I. and Bolton, B. (1988) The Hymenoptera. British Museum (Natural History) and National Museums of Scotland. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 332 pp. Gerling, D. (1990) Whiteflies: Their Bionomics, Pest Status, and Management. Intercept, Andover, UK, 348 pp. Ghahari, H. (2019) Species diversity of Encarsia spp. (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Aphelinidae) in Golestan province, northern Iran. Experimental Animal Biology 7, 101–117 [in Persian, English summary]. Ghahari, H. and Hatami, B. (2000a) Identification of the natural enemies of whiteflies (Homoptera: Aphelinidae) in Isfahan province. Proceedings of 14th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 5–8 September 2000, Isfahan University of Technology, p. 346. Ghahari, H. and Hatami, B. (2000b) Study on natural enemies of whiteflies (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in Isfahan province. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 20, 1–24 [in Persian, English summary]. Ghahari, H. and Ostovan, H. (2002a) Biological intraspecific variations of two populations of Eretmocerus mundus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Proceedings of the 15th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 7–11 September 2002, Razi University of Kermanshah, pp. 192–193. Ghahari, H. and Ostovan, H. (2002b) Morphology, biology, efficiency and behaviour of Eretmocerus mundus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) parasitoid of Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Proceedings of the 15th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 7–11 September 2002, Razi University of Kermanshah, p. 193. Ghahari, H. and Ostovan, H. (2006) Morphology, biology, efficiency and behaviour of Eretmocerus mundus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) parasitoid of Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources Science 13, 127– 140 [in Persian, English summary]. Ghahari, H., Abd-Rabou, S., Hayat, M. and Schmit, S. (2004a) Faunstic surveys on Encarsia spp. (Chalcidoidea: Aphelinidae) in Mazandaran, Golestan and Isfahan provinces. Proceedings of the 16th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 August – 1 September 2004, University of Tabriz, p. 156. Ghahari, H., Hayat, M., Abd-Rabou, S. and Dovel, R. (2004b) Report of eight parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera) from Iran. Proceedings of the 16th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 August – 1 September 2004, University of Tabriz, p. 159. Ghahari, H., Shojai, M. and Bayat-Asadi, H. (2004c) Report of Encarsia lounsburyi (Hym.: Aphelinidae) from Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 23, 122. Ghahari, H., Huang, J. and Wang, H. (2005) Biology of a thelyotokous biotype of Eretmocerus mundus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) on Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Insect Science 12, 461–465. Ghahari, H., Huang, J., Abd-Rabou, S., Ostovan, H. and Wang, Z.H. (2006) Contribution to the Iranian

59

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Platygastridae, Eulophidae and Aphelinidae as the parasitoids of whiteflies. Entomological Journal of East China 15, 166–170. Ghahari, H., Abd-Rabou, S., Hedqvist, K.J., Huang, J. and Ostovan, H. (2010) A contribution to Iranian Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Journal of Biological Control 24, 13–16. Ghahari, H., Huang, J. and Abd-Rabou, S. (2011) A contribution to the Encarsia and Eretmocerus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) species from the Arasbaran biosphere reserve and vicinity, northwestern Iran. Archives of Biological Science Belgrade 63, 867–878. Ghajarieh, H., Ghanbari, Gh. and Alichi, M. (2014) A study of natural enemies of Nipaecoccus viridis Newstead and their activities in Iran. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences 7, 955–962. Gould, J., Hoelmer, K. and Goolsby, J. (2008) Classical Biological Control of Bemisia tabaci in the United States. A Review of Interagency Research and Implementation. Springer, 343 pp. Graham, M.W.R. de V. (1976) The British species of Aphelinus with notes and descriptions of other European Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera). Systematic Entomology 1, 123–146. Habibian, A.B. (1981) Some studies on Pseudaulacaspis pentagona and its newly imported parasite (Prospaltella berlesei) in Guillan province. Entomologie et Phytopathologie Appliquées 49, 65–72. Habibian, A. (1983) Some studies on biological control of Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Hom.: Diaspididae) in Guilan province. Proceedings of the 7th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, University of Tehran, Karaj, 12 pp. Hasanshahi, G., Jahan, F., Abbasipour, H. and Japoshvili, G. (2014) Report of Protaphelinus nikolskajae (Yasnosh, 1963) (Chalcidoidea: Aphelinidae), a parasitoid of the poplar aphid, Pemphigus immunis from Iran. Journal of Plant Protection 28, 274–276 [in Persian, English summary]. Hatami, B. and Ghahari, H. (2000) Preliminary study on morphology, biology and efficiency of Encarsia pergandiella Howard (Hym.: Aphelinidae). Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 19, 79–102 [in Persian, English summary]. Hayat, M. (1971) Two new and known species of Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from India. Bulletin of Entomology, New Delhi 12, 118–121. Hayat, M. (1983) The genera of Aphelinidae of the world. Systematic Entomology 8, 63–102. Hayat, M. (1985) Notes on some species of Coccobius and Prophyscus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), with special reference to Girault and Howard types. Oriental Insects 18, 289–334. Hayat, M. (1989) A revision of the species of Encarsia Foerster (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) from India and the adjacent countries. Oriental Insects 23, 1–131. Hayat, M. (1998) Aphelinidae of India (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea): A Taxonomic Revision. Memoirs on

60

Entomology, International, Vol. 13. Associated Publishers, Gainesville, Florida, viii + 416 pp. Hayat, M. (2012) Additions to the Indian Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) – III: the genus Encarsia Förster. Oriental Insects 45, 202–274. Hayat, M., Sundararaj, R. and Vimala, D. (2019) The genus Encarsia Förster (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), parasitoids of whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in India. Journal of Insect Systematics 5, 44–90. Heraty, J.M., Woolley, J.B. and Polaszek, A. (2007) Catalog of the Encarsia of the World (2007), 87 pp. Available at: cache.ucr.edu/~heraty/Encarsia.cat.pdf (accessed December 2019). Heraty, J.M., Burks, R.A., Cruaud, A., Gibson, G.A.P, Liljebad, J. et al. (2013) A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Cladistics 29, 466–542. Hesami, Sh. and Fallahzadeh, M. (2004a) Study on the natural enemies of citrus mealybug, Nipaecoccus viridis (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) in Jahrom, Fars province. Proceedings of the 16th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 August – 1 September 2004, University of Tabriz, p. 50. Hesami, Sh. and Fallahzadeh, M. (2004b) Hyperparasitoids of Anagyrus spp. (Hym.: Encyrtidae), the parasitoids of mealybugs (Hom.: Pseudococcidae) in Fars province. Proceedings of the 16th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 August – 1 September 2004, University of Tabriz, p. 56. Hoddle, M.S., van Driesche, R.G. and Sanderson, J.P. (1998) Biology and use of the whitefly parasitoid Encarsia formosa. Annual Review of Entomology 43, 645–669. Huang, J. (1994) Systematic studies on Aphelinidae of China (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Special Publication, No. 5. Contributions of the Biological Control Research Institute, Fujian Agricultural University, 348 pp. [in Chinese]. Huang, J. and Polaszek, A. (1998) A revision of the Chinese species of Encarsia Förster (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae): parasitoids of whiteflies, scale insects and aphids (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae, Diaspididae, Aphidoidea). Journal of Natural History 32, 1825–1988. Hunter, M.S. and Woolley, J.B. (2001) Evolution and behavioral ecology of heteronomous aphelinid parasitoids. Annual Review of Entomology 46, 251–290. Jafari, N., Lotfalizadeh, H., Karimpour, Y. and Gharali, B. (2015) Natural enemies of the Comstock mealybug, Pseudococcus comstocki (Hem.: Pseudococcidae) as an important pest of mulberries in Tabriz, Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 83, 87–96 [in Persian, English summary]. Jalaeian, M., Basirat, M. and Joyandeh, A. (2011) Introduction of natural enemies of the common pistachio psylla (Agonoscena pistaciae (Hem.: Psyllidae)) in Khorasan Razavi province (Iran). Proceedings of the 2nd Iranian Pest Management Conference (IPMC), Kerman, p. 56.

Chapter 2

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Jalaeian, M., Mansouri, M. and Karimi-Malati, A. (2013) Distribution and morphological characteristics of parasitoids and hyperparasitoids of Lepidosaphes pistaciae (Hem: Diaspididae) in Isfahan province. Plant Pests Research 3, 19–31 [in Persian, English summary]. Jalaeian, M., Mansouri, M. and Karimi-Malati, A. (2014) Phenology of Coccobius annulicornis (Hym.: Aphelinidae) on Lepidosaphes pistaciae in Isfahan and Razavi Khorasan. Proceedings of the 3rd Integrated Pest Management Conference (IPMC), Kerman, p. 468. Jalilvand, K., Fallahzadeh, M., Vahedi, H. and Shirazi, M. (2012) The first record of two parasitoid species associated with scale insects from Iran. Proceedings of the 20th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 26–29 August 2012, University of Shiraz, p. 151. Jalilvand, K., Shirazi, M., Vahedi, H.A., Fallahzadeh, M., Naghadeh, N.M. and Samih, M.A. (2013) A preliminary study on natural enemies of Coccoidea (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha) in Kermanshah province, western Iran. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 48, 299–308. Jalilvand, K., Shirazi, M., Fallahzadeh, M., Vahedi, H.A., Samih, M.A. and Naghadeh, N.M. (2014) Survey of natural enemies of mealybug species (Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae) in Kermanshah province, western Iran to inform biological control research. Journal of Entomological Research Society 16, 1–10. Jamalomidi, A., Hosseini, R., Sahragard, A. and Hajizadeh, J. (2012a) A faunal study on armored scales (Hem.: Diaspididae) parasitoids on citrus trees in eastern part of Guilan province. Proceedings of the 20th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 26–29 August 2012, University of Shiraz, p. 217. Jamalomidi, A., Hosseini, R., Sahragard, A. and Hajizadeh, J. (2012b) Molecular identification of parasitoid wasp of scale insects (Hym.: Aphelinidae) by barcoding technique. Proceedings of the 20th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 26–29 August 2012, University of Shiraz, p. 221. Jamshidnia, A. and Ebrahimifar, J. (2019) Developmental stages of parasitoid wasp, Eretmocerus delhiensis, on greenhouse whitefly and relationship of its parasitism and host-feeding. Proceedings of the 3 rd Iranian International Congress of Entomology, p. 265. Japoshvili, G. (2018) New records of Centrodora Forster (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) from the Caucasus. Turkish Journal of Zoology 42, 118–120. Japoshvili, G., Hansen, L.O. and Sørlibråten, O. (2015) New records of Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) from Norway, with additional information on host associations and description of a new species. Norwegian Journal of Entomology 62, 110–116. Karimian, Z. (2004) Identification of the most important parasitoids of Bemisia tabaci (Hom.: Aleyrodidae)

Family Aphelinidae Thomson, 1876

and determining the trend of parasitism in the cotton crop of Golestan province, Iran. Proceedings of the 16th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 August – 1 September 2004, University of Tabriz, p. 51. Karimian, Z., Ghahari, H. and Abd-Rabou, Sh. (2004) Report of two parasitoid wasps (Chalcidoidea: Aphelinidae) from Iran. Proceedings of the 16th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 August – 1 September 2004, University of Tabriz, p. 158. Keyhanian, A.A., Taghaddosi, M.V. and Farzaneh, A. (1995) The study of the biology and ecology of olive psyllid (Euphyllura olivina Costa) (Hom.: Aphalaridae) and of its natural enemies in Tarom Olya Zandjan. Proceedings of the 12th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 2–7 September 1995, Karaj Junior College of Agriculture, Karaj, p. 191. Khadempour, A., Shishehbor, P., Rasekh, A. and Evans, G.A. (2014a) Report of the parasitoid wasp Eretmocerus delhiensis (Hym.: Aphelinidae) from Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 34, 17–18 [in Persian, English summary]. Khadempour, A., Shishehbor, P. and Rasekh, A. (2014b) Functional and numerical response of the parasitoid wasp Eretmocerus delhiensis parasiting Neomaskellia andropogonis on sugarcane in laboratory conditions. Iranian Journal of Plant Protection Science 45, 151–159 [in Persian, English summary]. Khadempour, A., Shishehbor, P., Rasekh, A. and Ghodrati, A. (2014c) Biology of the parasitoid wasp Eretmocerus delhiensis (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) on sugarcane whitefly, Neomaskellia andropogonis Corbett (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) at four constant temperatures. Proceedings of the 21st Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 23–26 August 2014, Urmia University, p. 605 Khalaf, J. and Sokhansanj, M. (1993) Biological studies on orientalis yellow scale (Aonidiella orientalis New.) and its control by integrated methods in Fars province. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 60, 53–60. Kiriukhin, G. (1947) Les cochenilles farineuses et leurs parasites en Iran (sousfamille: Pseudococcinae). Entomologie et Phytopathologie Appliquées 4, 1–17. Kocheili, F. (1998) Introduction of two parasitoid wasp of sweetpotato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius) in Khuzestan province. Proceedings of the 13th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 23–27 August 1998, Karaj Junior College of Agriculture, p. 67. Kocheili, F. and Mossadegh, M.S. (2007) Seasonal population variability and vertical distribution of sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Hom., Aleyrodidae) and its parasitism by Eretmocerus mundus Mercet (Hym., Aphelinidae) on cucumber in Ahwaz. The Scientific Journal of Agriculture 29, 85–98 [in Persian, English summary]. Lachiani, P. and Ahmadi, A.A. (1993a) The natural enemies of oriental yellow scale, Aonidiella orientalis

61

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

(Newstead), in citrus orchards of Fars province. Proceedings of the 11th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 August – 2 September 1993, University of Guilan, p. 193. Lachiani, P. and Ahmadi, A.A. (1993b) Biology of Encarsia aurantii Howard (Hym., Aphelinidae) important parasitoid of oriental yellow scale, Aonidiella orientalis Newstead (Hom.: Dispididae). Proceedings of the 11th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 August – 2 September 1993, University of Guilan, p. 195. Liu, T.-X., Stansly, P.A. and Gerling, D. (2015) Whitefly parasitoids: distribution, life history, bionomics, and utilization. Annual Review of Entomology 60, 273–292. Lotfalizadeh, H. (2002) Natural enemies of cotton aphids in Moghan region, northwest of Iran. Proceedings of the 15th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 7–11 September 2002, Razi University of Kermanshah, p. 36. Lotfalizadeh, H. and Ahmadi, A.A. (2000) Natural enemies of cypress tree mealybug, Planococcus vovae (Nasonov), and their parasitoids in Shiraz, Iran. Iran Agricultural Research 19, 145–154. Lotfalizadeh, H., Zargaran, M.R. and Taghizadeh, M. (2014) Species diversity of Coccoidea parasitoids wasps (Hym.: Chalcidoidea) in the northern parts of East-Azarbaijan province, Iran. North-Western Journal of Zoology 10, 60–66. Lotfalizadeh, H., Bayegan, Z.A. and Zargaran, M.R. (2016) Species diversity of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) in the rice fields of Iran. Journal of Entomological Research Society 18, 99–111. Lotfalizadeh, H., Tavakoli-Korghond, G. and Mokhtari, A. (2019) On the parasitoid complex (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Anophococcus abaii (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae), with description of Metaphycus anophococcusi Lotfalizadeh, n. sp. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (N.S.) 55, 317–326. Manzari, S. (2007) First report of Marietta leopardina Motschulsky (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) from Iran. Newsletter of Entomological Society of Iran 36, 2 [in Persian]. Manzari, Sh., Farrokhi, S., Shahbazvar, N. and Hosseini, R. (2018) Natural enemies of the whitefly Aleuroclava jasmini sensu lato (Hem.: Aleyrodidae) in Tehran green spaces. Proceedings of the 23rd Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 27–30 August 2018, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, p. 924. Manzari, S., Farrokhi, S. and Shahbazvar, N. (2019) A new record of an Encarsia species (Hym.: Aphelinidae) parasitising Aleuroclava jasmini sensu lato (Hem.: Aleyrodidae) in Tehran green spaces. Proceedings of the 3rd Iranian International Congress of Entomology, p. 153. Minaei Moghadam, M., Shishehbor, P. and Askarianzadeh, A. (2012) Report of two parasitoid wasps on nymph of sugarcane whitely, Neomaskellia andropogonis Corbett

62

(Hom.: Aleyrodidae) in Khuzestan. Proceedings of 20th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 26–29 August 2012, University of Shiraz, p. 48. Minaei Moghadam, M., Shishehbor, P. and Askarianzadeh, A. (2015) Study on natural enemies and nymphal parasitism rate of the sugarcane whitefly, Neomaskellia andropogonis in South of Khuzestan, Iran. Biocontrol in Plant Protection 3, 107–113 [in Persian, English summary]. Mirseyed, S., Asgari, Sh. and Samin, N. (2013) A study on the natural enemies of coccids (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in pistachio gardens of Damghan, Iran. Calodema 281, 1–5. Modarres Awal, M. (1997) Family Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera), pp. 261–262. In: Modarres Awal, M. (ed.), List of Agricultural Pests and their Natural Enemies in Iran. 2nd edn. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, Iran, 429 pp. Modarres Awal, M. (2012) Family Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera), pp. 474–477. In: Modarres Awal, M. (ed.), List of Agricultural Pests and their Natural Enemies in Iran. 3rd edn. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, Iran, 759 pp. Moghaddam, M. (2017) The Scale Insects of Citrus in Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) (Identification, Biology, Natural Enemies and Distribution). Ministry of Jihad-e Agriculture, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, 177 pp. [in Persian]. Mokhtari, A. and Jafari Nodooshan, A. (2018) Introduce of pistachio diaspids parasitoids of Yazd province. Proceedings of the 23rd Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 27–30 August 2018, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, p. 918. Monadjemi, N. (1972) Etude du brachyptérisme chez Aphelinus asychis Walk. (Hym. Aphelinidae). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 8, 441–449. Monadjemi, M. (1979) Comparative study of two strains of Aphelinus asychis Walk. (Hym. Aphelinidae) parasitising aphids. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 5, 35–38. Monsef, A.A. and Amin, Gh. (1995) Some biology and ecology observations on Eretmocerus mundus (Mercet) a hymenopterous parasite on whitefly in Fars province. Proceedings of the 12th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 2–7 September 1995, Karaj Junior College of Agriculture, Karaj, p. 298. Moravvej, A., Shishehbor, P. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2016) A checklist of Chalcidoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Khuzestan in southwestern Iran. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematic 2, 121–142. Mossadegh, M.S. and Kocheili, F. (2003) A Semi Descriptive Checklist of Identified Species of Arthropods (Agricultural, Medical, …) and other Pests from Khuzestan, Iran. Shahid Chamran University Press, Ahvaz, 475 pp. [in Persian].

Chapter 2

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Myartseva, S.N. and Ruiz-Cancino, E. (2000) Annotated checklist of the Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of México. Folia Entomológica Mexicana 109, 7–33. Myartseva, S.N., Ruiz-Cancino, E. and Coronado-Blanco, J.M. (2012) Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) de Importancia Agrícola en México. Revisión y claves. Serie Avispas Parasíticas de Plagas y otros Insectos No. 8, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, México, 413 pp. Nazari, Z., Moravvej, Gh. and LotfaLizadeh, H. (2018) Natural enemies of Peliococcus kimmericus (Hem: Pseudococcidae) in Mashhad, Iran. Entomofauna 39, 909–918. Nikol’skaya, M.N. and Yasnosh, V.A. (1966) Aphelinids of the European part of the USSR and the Caucasus (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae). No. 91 in series Opredeleteli po Faune SSSR [Keys to the Fauna of the USSR]. Izdavavaemiya Zoologicheskim Institutom Akademii Nauk SSSR [Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR], Moscow and Leningrad, 296 pp. [in Russian]. Noyes, J.S. (1985) Chalcidoids and biological control. Chalcid Forum 5, 5–10. Noyes, J.S. (2019) Universal Chalcidoidea Database. Available at: www.nhm.ac.uk/chalcidoids (accessed December 2019). OILB (1971) Liste d’identification des Entomophages 8. Organisation Internationale de Lutte Biologique, Geneva, pp. 1–64. Ostadalidehaghi, H. (2000) A faunal study on Aphelinidae (Hym.: Chalcidoidea) parasitoids of Coccoidea (Homoptera) on citrus trees in Guilan province. MSc thesis of Entomology, University of Guilan, 153 pp. Polaszek, A. (1991) Egg parasitism in Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) with special reference to Centrodora and Encarsia species. Bulletin of Entomological Research 81, 97–106. Polaszek, A. and Manzari, S. (2008) A new species of Encarsia (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) parasitising Aleuromarginatus tephrosiae (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Iran and Oman. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 17, 134–137. Radjabi, G. (1989) Insects Attacking Rosaceous Fruit Trees in Iran. Vol. III. Plant Pest and Diseases Research Institute, Tehran, 229 pp. Rajabi Mazaher, N. and Sadeghi, S.E. (2006) Studying biology of Psyllopsis repens Log. and identification of its natural enemies in Hamadan province. Proceedings of the 17th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 2–5 September 2006, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, p. 236. Rajabi Mazhar, N.A., Sadeghi, S.E. and Yarmand, H. (2003) Report of Psyllaephagus claripes (Hym.: Encyrtidae) on Psyllopsis repens in lran. Iranian Journal of Forest and Range Protection Research 1, 193. Rakhshani, E., Talebi, A.A., Sadeghi, S.E., Kavallieratos, N.G. and Rashed, A. (2004) Seasonal parasitism and

Family Aphelinidae Thomson, 1876

hyperparasitism of walnut aphid, Chromaphis juglandicola (Kaltenbach) (Hom., Aphididae) in Tehran province. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 23, 1–11. Rasekh, B. and Polaszek, A. (2010) New records of Encarsia (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Aphelinidae) parasitising Aleyrodidae (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha) in Iran, with the description of a new species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 19, 223–227. Rasekh, B., Hajizadeh, J., Barimani Varandi, H., Sadeghi, S.E. and Ebrahimi, E. (2000) The efficiency of Aspidiotiphagus citrinus (Hym.: Aphelinidae) parasitoid of conifer needle scale in natural Kelardasht condition. Proceedings of the 14th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 5–8 September 2000, Isfahan University of Technology, p. 139. Rasekh, B., Alemansoor, H., Manzari, Sh., Fallahzadeh, M. and Shojai, M. (2010) Host range of six parasitoid wasp species (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) on citrus whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Fars province, Iran. Proceedings of the 19th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 31 July – 3 August 2010, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, p. 117. Rezaei, N., Mosaddegh, M.S. and Hodjat, H. (2006) Aphids and their natural enemies in wheat and barley fields in Khuzestan. Scientific Journal of Agriculture 29, 127–137 [in Persian, English summary]. Sakenin, H., Ghahari, H., Abd-Rabou, S. and Hayat, S. (2004) Record of three parasitoid species (Chalcidoidea: Aphelinidae) from Iran. Proceedings of the 16th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 August – 1 September 2004, University of Tabriz, p. 147. Sakenin, H., Ghahari, H. and Abd-Rabou, A. (2006a) The fauna of the parasitoid Encarsia Foerster (Chalcidoidea: Aphelinidae) in Guilan province of Iran. Proceedings of the 9th Arab Congress of Plant Protection (ACPP), November 19–23, 2006, Damascus, Syria, p. 163. Sakenin, H., Ghahari, H., Tabari, M. and Abd-Rabou, S. (2006b) A study on the morphology and biology of the parasitoid Encarsia porteri Mercet. Proceedings of the 9th Arab Congress of Plant Protection (ACPP), November 19–23, 2006, Damascus, Syria, p. 163. Salehi, L. and Farivar, B. (2004) Parasitism of the wasps, Encarsia berlesei and E. fasciata in Guilan province and mass production of mulberry scale for their rearing. Proceedings of the 16th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 August – 1 September 2004, University of Tabriz, p. 85. Samin, N., Ruíz Cancino, E., Myartseva, S., Trjapitzin, V.A., Gençer, L. and Sakenin, H. (2019) A faunistic study of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) from Guilan province and adjacent areas, northern Iran. Entomofauna 40, 47–58. Shahbazi, M., Behjatnia, S.A.A. and Alichi, M. (2013) Taxonomic position of Iranian isolates of Eretmocerus mundus (Merect), a parasitoid of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). Iran Agricultural Research 32, 11–18.

63

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Shahbazvar, N., Sahragard, A., Manzari, Sh., Hosseini, R. and Hajizadeh, J. (2010) A faunal study of whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and their parasitoids in Guilan province, Iran. Entomofauna 31, 269–284. Shahbazvar, N., Hosseini, R., Manzari, S. and Moghaddam, M. (2018) Parasitoid wasps of the genus Encarsia Förster (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) in the Southern part of the Caspian Sea. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 38, 205–218. Shahbazvar, N., Hosseini, R., Manzari, S. and Japoshvili, G. (2019) First record of Coccobius pistacicolus (Yasnosh, 1968) (Hym.: Aphelinidae) from Iran. Journal of Crop Protection 8, 131–134. Shahrokhi-Khangah, Sh., Khodabandeh, H. and Siami, K. (2008) Broom corn is one of the most important crops in Miyaneh region, Iran. Journal of New Agricultural Sciences 3, 39–44 [in Persian, English summary]. Shojai, M. (1998) Entomology (Ethology Social Life and Natural Enemies) (Biological Control). 3rd vol., 3rd edn. University of Tehran Publication, Tehran, Iran, 550 pp. [in Persian]. Shojai, M., Ostovan, H., Darvish, F., Tirgari, S., Labbafyi, Y. and Rajabi, M.Z. (2005) Technology of biological control and pollination of Iranian cucumber cultivar in protected cultivation and organic production crop. Journal of Agricultural Sciences (Islamic Azad University) 11, 69–104 [in Persian, English summary]. Talebi, A.A. (1998) Natural enemies, population dynamics of Bemisia tabaci (Hom.: Aleyrodidae) in cotton fields of Varamin and Garmsar, and study on the parasitoid wasps, Encarsia lutea and Eretmocerus mundus (Hym.: Aphelinidae). PhD dissertation, Tarbiat Modarres University, 282 pp. Talebi, A.A., Ameri, A., Fathipour, Y. and Rakhshani, E. (2008) Natural enemies of cypress tree mealybug, Planococcus vovae (Nasonov) (Hem., Pseudococ­ cidae), and their parasitoids in Tehran, Iran. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 10, 123–133. Tamoli Torfi, E., Rasekh, A., Moravvej, S.A., Mossadegh, M.S. and Rajabpour, A. (2019) Report of Chalcidoidea on cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, 1898 (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Khuzestan province. Proceedings of the 3rd Iranian International Congress of Entomology, p. 129. Tarasi, J., Sadeghi, S.E., Nabii, M. Gh. and Ebrahimi, E. (2004) An investigation on the useful arthropods on poplars in Zanjan province. Proceedings of the 16th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 August – 1 September 2004, University of Tabriz, p. 138. Tarasi, J., Sadeghi S.E. and Moradi, P. (2008) Study and comparing of density of spiral gall aphid, Pemphigus spirothecae (Hom.: Pemphigidae) on ten clones of black poplar, Populus nigra and its natural enemies in Zanjan province. Pajouhesh and Sazandegi 77, 130–134 [in Persian, English summary]. Toorani, A.H. and Abbasipour, H. (2019) Parasitoids of the white peach scale, Psedaulacaspis pentagona in

64

the kiwifruit orchards of northern Iran. North-Western Journal of Zoology 15, 107–109. Toorani, A.H., Abbasipour, H., Karimi, J. and Askarianzadeh, A. (2017a) Parasitoid wasps of white peach scale, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona in kiwi orchards of east of Mazandaran. Proceedings of the 2nd Iranian International Congress of Entomology, p. 137. Toorani, A.H., Abbasipour, H. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2017b) First report of parasitic wasp, Aphytis chrysomphali (Mercet, 1912) (Hym.: Aphelinidae) on kiwi white scale, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni-Tozzetti) from Iran. Plant Pest Research 6, 103–107. Toorani, A.H., Abbasipour, H. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2017c) Report of parasitoid wasp, Encarsia perniciosi (Tower) (Hym.: Aphelinidae) from white peach scale, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (TargioniTozzetti) in Iran. Plant Pest Research 7, 87–90 [in Persian, English summary]. Toorani, A.H., Abbasipour, H. and Dehghan-Dehnavi, L. (2019) Biodiversity and population fluctuations of parasitoids of the white peach scale, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni-Tozzetti) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), in kiwifruit orchards in Northern Iran. Hellenic Plant Protection Journal 12, 12–21. Viggiani, G. (1984) Bionomics of the Aphelinidae. Annual Review of Entomology 29, 257–276. Viggiani, G. and Ren, H. (1986) Two new aphelinids from China (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Bollettino del Laboratario di Entomologia Agraria ‘Filippo Silvestri’ di Portici 43, 35–39. Woolley, J.B. (1997) Aphelinidae. In: Gibson, G.A.P., Huber, J.T. and Woolley, J.B. (eds) Annotated Keys to the Genera of Nearctic Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). NRC Research Press, Ottawa, Canada, pp. 134–150. Yasnosh, V.A. (1978) Hymenoptera II. Chalcidoidea 15. Aphelinidae. In: Medvedev, G.S. (ed.) Opredeliteli Nasekomykh Evropeyskoy Chasti SSSR [Keys to the Insects of the European Part of the USSR]. Institute of Zoology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR [Nauka], Leningrad, Vol. 3, pp. 1–482 [in Russian]. Yasnosh, V.A. (1983) Review of the world genera of Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera). 1. Key to the genera. Entomological Review 62, 145–159. Yazdani, A. and Mehrnejad, M.R. (1993) The first record of psyllid species and several Hymenoptera parasitoids on pistachio psyllid from Iran. Proceedings of the 11th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 August – 2 September 1993, University of Guilan, p. 211. Yazdani, A. and Radjabi, A. (1993) The first record of Hymenoptera parasitoids of scale insects on Pistachio in Iran. Proceedings of the 11th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 August – 2 September 1993, University of Guilan, p. 212. Yousefi, M., Vahedi, H.A., Ebrahimi, E. and Sharifi, R. (2018) Identification of parasitoid wasps of scale

Chapter 2

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

insects (Chalcidoidea) in fruit orchards of Markazi province. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 85, 251–264 [in Persian, English summary]. Zandi Sohani, N. and Shishehbor, P. (2010) Investigation on population dynamics of cotton whitefly Bemisia tabaci Gennadius and its parasitoids Eretmocerus mundus Mercet and Encarsia acaudaleyrodis Hayat on fall cucumber. Proceedings of the 19th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 31 July – 3

Family Aphelinidae Thomson, 1876

August 2010, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, p. 572. Zareh, N., Gonzalez, D., Ahmadi, A., Esmaili, M., MalekiMilani, H. et al. (1995) A research for the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) (Homoptera: Aphididae), and its natural enemies in Iran. Proceedings of the 12th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 2–7 September 1995, Karaj Junior College of Agriculture, Karaj, p. 12.

65

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

 

 

Ablerus sp. – ♀ (Azotidae) [photo courtesy of S. van Noort – Iziko Museums of South Africa]

Ablerus atomon (Walker, 1847) – ♀ (Azotidae) [photo courtesy of S. Schmidt]

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

3



Family Azotidae Nikol’skaya and Yasnosh, 1966 Gennaro Viggiani, Svetlana N. Myartseva, Hassan Ghahari, Mohammad Hayat and Shaaban Abd-Rabou

Azotidae was first proposed as the subfamily Azotinae of Aphelinidae by Nikol’skaya and Yasnosh (1966) but was raised to family status by Heraty et al. (2013). Under current concepts the family includes only one genus, Ablerus Howard. John Noyes (unpublished) listed 92 valid species (Introduction, Table I.1), but 94 valid species are listed by Noyes (2019). Howard (1894) established Ablerus for the species that Ashmead (1894) had previously described as Centrodora clisiocampae from the District of Columbia, USA. Another genus, Azotus Howard (1898), was treated separately from Ablerus for many years until Girault (1913) synonymized the two names. However, Hayat (1983) recognized both genera, noting that although species assigned to the two genera are very similar, individuals of Azotus have dark setae arranged in groups on the disc of the fore wing and a swollen stigmal vein, whereas individuals of Ablerus have sparse discal setae not arranged in groups and a thin stigmal vein. Shafee and Rizvi (1984) re-synonymized Azotus with Ablerus, and Hayat (1994) subsequently transferred all species of Azotus to Ablerus, except those already transferred by other authors, and placed Myocnemella Girault (1913) in synonymy with Ablerus. Therefore, Ablerus is currently regarded as the sole genus within the family. The genus Ablerus, and thus the family, can be recognized by the following characters: antenna 7-segmented (1:1:4:1), with one or two anelli between the pedicel and the first funicle segment, and F3 usually shorter than both F2 and F4; mandible with two or three teeth and a truncation; maxillary palp 2-segmented; labial palp unsegmented; fore wing either uniformly infuscate behind venation or with infuscate bands of various shapes and bearing darker setae; submarginal vein with one seta; marginal vein shorter than or subequal in length to costal

cell; stigmal vein either with a thin or swollen stigma; tarsi 5-segmented; gaster generally longer than head plus mesosoma, with eight tergites, seventh tergite usually as a narrow, transverse plate (Annecke and Insley, 1970; Darling and Johnson, 1984; Abd-Rabou, 2014). Species of Ablerus are usually hyperparasitoids associated with Aleyrodidae, Coccoidea and eggs of other insects (Viggiani, 1972, 1973; Abd-Rabou and Evans, 2011). Modarres Awal (1997, 2012) listed four species of Azotus from Iran in the family Aphelinidae. Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019) included 11 species of Ablerus from Iran, also in Aphelinidae. Following our exclusion of five species of Ablerus (Table 21.2), we record the fauna of Iranian Azotidae as just six species (~6.4% of the world species) of Ablerus; none of the species are endemic to Iran. The species are recorded from just 11 provinces (Table 21.4): Isfahan and Mazandaran (both with three species), Fars, Golestan, Guilan, Kerman, Tehran (each with two species) and Alborz, East Azarbaijan, Markazi and Semnan (each with one species), which indicates that most areas of Iran have not been adequately sampled. There are 21 host records for Iranian Ablerus in three hemipteran families: Aleyrodidae (two records), Coccidae (one record) and Diaspididae (18 records). Additionally, four species, A. atomon (Walker), A. chionaspidis (Howard), A. chrysomphali (Ghesquière) and A. perspeciosus Girault, are hyperparasitoids of primary aphelinid wasp (Aphelinidae) parasitoids of Aleyrodidae and Diaspididae (Hemiptera). Comparison of the azotid fauna of Iran with adjacent countries (Table 21.5) indicates that the fauna of Iran (six species) is most diverse, followed by Russia (three species: A. atomon, A. celsus (Walker) and A. pulcherrimus (Mercet, 1922)), Turkey (three

© CAB International 2021. Chalcidoidea of Iran (Insecta: Hymenoptera) (eds. H. Ghahari, G.A.P. Gibson and G. Viggiani). DOI: 10.1079/9781789248463.0003

67

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

species: A. atomon, A. celsus and A. perspeciosus), Armenia and Turkmenistan (both with A. chrysomphali) and Azerbaijan (with A. atomon); no species have been recorded from the other countries, though three species, A. atomon, A. celsus, and Ablerus pinifoliae (Mercet, 1912), were recorded from the former USSR (Noyes, 2019).

Checklist of Iranian AZOTIDAE Nikol’skaya and Yasnosh, 1966 Genus Ablerus Howard, 1894 Ablerus aonidiellae Hayat, 1974 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005). General distribution: India. Host records in Iran: Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005). Ablerus atomon (Walker, 1847) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Ebrahimi, 2014 – in apple orchard), Isfahan (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005), Mazandaran (Ebrahimi, 1993; Alhosseini and Mostofi-Pour, 1995, as Azotus stomona (a misspelling for atomon); Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Alhosseini et al., 1998, as Azotus atomon; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005), Iran (no specific locality) (Moghaddam, 2017). General distribution: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Caucasus, China, Czech Republic, Egypt, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United States of America, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni Tozzetti) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Ebrahimi, 1993; Alhosseini and Mostofi-Pour, 1995; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Alhosseini et al., 1998; AbdRabou and Ghahari, 2005; Moghaddam, 2017), Quadraspidiotus cecconii (Leonardi) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005), Lepidosaphes malicola Borchsenius (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Ebrahimi, 2014). Comments: Ablerus atomon is a hyperparasitoid of Encarsia berlesei (Howard) (Aphelinidae) (Modarres Awal, 2012).

68

Ablerus celsus (Walker, 1839) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Isfahan (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005, as Ablerus promacchiae Viggiani and Ren, 1993 – misidentification), Markazi, Tehran (Rajabi, 1976; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012, as Azotus celsus; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005). General distribution: Bulgaria, Caucasus, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Italy, Moldova, Montenegro, Russia, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Epidiaspis leperii (Signoret), Parlatoria oleae (Colvée) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Rajabi, 1976; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005), Parlagena remaudierei Kaussari (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005). Ablerus chionaspidis (Howard, 1914) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Lachinani and Ahmadi, 1993; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012, as Azotus qadrii (Agarwal, 1964); Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005), Golestan (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005). General distribution: China, Egypt, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, Spain, Uganda, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Melanaspis lauristanicus Balachowsky-Kauss (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005). Comments: Ablerus chionaspidis is a hyperparasitoid of Coccobius reticulatus (Compere and Annecke) (Aphelinidae) (Lachinani and Ahmadi, 1993; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005). Ablerus chrysomphali (Ghesquière, 1960) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Shojai, 1998), East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2014), Kerman (Basij et al., 2012), Semnan (Mirseyed et al., 2013), Tehran (Yazdani and Rajabi, 1993; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005). General distribution: Armenia, Egypt, Georgia, Iran, Morocco, Spain, Transcaucasus, Turkmenistan. Host records in Iran: Aspidaspis laperrinei (Balachowsky) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (AbdRabou and Ghahari, 2005), Lepidosaphes pistaciae (Archangelskaya) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae)

Chapter 3

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

(Yazdani and Rajabi, 1993; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005), Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead) in citrus orchards (Basij et al., 2012), Diaspidiotus slavonicus Borchsenius, Lepidosaphes malicola Borchsenius (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2014). Comments: Ablerus chrysomphali is a hyperparasitoid of Coccobius annulicornis Ratzeburg (Aphelinidae) (Yazdani and Rajabi, 1993; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005, all as Physcus testaceus Masi). Ablerus perspeciosus Girault, 1916 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Aliakbar Aghadokht et al., 2010), Guilan (Jamalomidi et al., 2012; Samin et al., 2019), Mazandaran (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005; Toorani et al., 2017, 2019; Toorani and Abbasipour, 2019 – in kiwi orchards). General distribution: Argentina, China, Egypt, France, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, Serbia, Thailand, Turkey, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005; Aliakbar Aghadokht et al., 2010), Aleurocanthus spiniferus Quaintance (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005), Aleurolobus barodensis (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Aliakbar Aghadokht et al., 2010), Diaspididae (Hemiptera) (Jamalomidi et al., 2012), Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni Tozzetti) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Toorani et al., 2017, 2019; Toorani and Abbasipour, 2019), Chrysomphalus aonidum (L.) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), Saissetia oleae (Olivier) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Samin et al., 2019). Comments: Ablerus perspeciosus is a hyperparasitoid of Encarsia berlesei (Howard) and Aphytis proclia (Walker) (Aphelinidae) (Pedata and Viggiani, 1991; Aliakbar Aghadokht et al., 2010). Ablerus spp. Distribution in Iran: Isfahan (Jalaeian et al., 2013), Kerman (Ebrahimi, 2014), Mazandaran (Toorani et al., 2017; Toorani and Abbasipour, 2019). Host records in Iran: Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni Tozzetti) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) in kiwi orchard (Toorani et al., 2017; Toorani and Abbasipour, 2019), Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Ebrahimi, 2014; Moghaddam, 2017).

Family Azotidae Nikol’skaya and Yasnosh, 1966

Comments: Jalaeian et al. (2013) recorded Ablerus sp. as a hyperparasitoid of Coccobius annulicornis (Ratzeburg) (Aphelinidae). Species excluded from the fauna of Iran Genus Ablerus Howard, 1894 Ablerus aleuroides (Hussain and Agarwal, 1994) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Reported distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (AbdRabou and Ghahari, 2005). General distribution: India. Host records reported in Iran: Aleurocanthus spiniferus Quaintance (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005). Comments: Re-examination of specimens proved Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2005) identification of A. aleuroides was a misidentification of Ablerus perspeciosus and we therefore exclude A. aleuroides from the fauna of Iran and record the data under A. perspeciosus. Ablerus amarantus Girault, 1932 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Reported distribution in Iran: Isfahan (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005). General distribution: Australia. Host records reported in Iran: Quadraspidiotus cecconii (Leonardi) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005). Comments: Re-examination of specimens proved AbdRabou and Ghahari (2005) identification of A. amarantus was a misidentification of Ablerus atomon and we therefore exclude A. amarantus from the fauna of Iran and record the data under A. atomon. Ablerus bharathius Subba Rao, 1984 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Reported distribution in Iran: Golestan (AbdRabou and Ghahari, 2005). General distribution: India. Host records reported in Iran: Melanaspis lauristanicus Balachowsky-Kauss (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (AbdRabou and Ghahari, 2005). Comments: Re-examination of specimens proved Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2005) identification of

69

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

A. bharathius was a misidentification of Ablerus chionaspidis and we therefore exclude A. bharathius from the fauna of Iran and record the data under A. chionaspidis. Ablerus bifasciatus Girault, 1913 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Reported distribution in Iran: Kerman (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005). General distribution: Australia. Host records reported in Iran: Aspidaspis laperrinei (Balachowsky) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (AbdRabou and Ghahari, 2005). Comments: Re-examination of specimens proved Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2005) identification of A. bifasciatus was a misidentification of Ablerus chrysomphali and we therefore exclude A. bifasciatus from the fauna of Iran and record the data under A. chrysomphali. Ablerus promacchiae Viggiani and Ren, 1993 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Reported distribution in Iran: Isfahan (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005). General distribution: China, India. Host records reported in Iran: Parlagena remaudierei Kaussari (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (AbdRabou and Ghahari, 2005). Comments: Re-examination of specimens proved Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2005) identification of A. promacchiae was a misidentification of Ablerus celsus and we therefore exclude A. promacchiae from the fauna of Iran and record the data under A. celsus.

References Abd-Rabou, S. (2014) Ablerus Howard (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) of Egypt with new species, Ablerus aegypticus sp. nov. International Journal of Fauna and Biological Studies 1, 10–12. Abd-Rabou, S. and Evans, G. (2011) An annotated list of species of the family Aphelinidae in Egypt with a key to the genera (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 46, 297–309. Abd-Rabou, S. and Ghahari, H. (2005) A list of hyperparasitoids of whiteflies and coccids (Homoptera) in Iran, with special study on Iranian Ablerus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research 83, 311–317.

70

Abd-Rabou, S., Ghahari, H., Myartseva, S.N. and RuízCancino, E. (2013) Iranian Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 1, 116–140. Abd-Rabou, S., Samin, N., Coronado-Blanco, J.M. and Sakenin, H. (2019) New records of Aphelinidae from Iran, and updated checklist of Iranian Aphelinidae, Azotidae and Eriaporidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Egyptian Journal of Plant Protection Research Institute 2, 67–71. Alhosseini, H. and Mostofi-Pour, P. (1995) Study on biology of Pseudoleucaspis pontagona and determination of the natural potential of two parasitoids on this pest in west Mazandaran province. Proceedings of the 12th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 2–7 September 1995, Karaj Junior College of Agriculture, Karaj, p. 190. Alhosseini, H., Khrrazi-Pakdel, A., Esmaili, M. and Daniali, M. (1998) Parasitoids of white peach scale and biology of dominant species (Prospaltella berlesei) in Mazandaran. Proceedings of the 13th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 23–27 August 1998, Karaj Junior College of Agriculture, p. 112. Aliakbar Aghadokht, P., Sarailoo, M.H., Yazdanian, M., Mottaki, E. and Polaszek, A. (2010) New report for wasps fauna for Iran. Proceedings of the 19th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 31 July – 3 August 2010, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, p. 122. Annecke, D.P. and Insley, H.P. (1970) New and little known species of Azotus Howard, Ablerus Howard and Physcus Howard (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) from Africa and Mauritius. Bulletin of Entomological Research 60, 237–251. Ashmead, W.H. (1894) Notes in the genus Centrodora. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 3, 9–10. Basij, M., Abasipour, H., Lotfalizadeh, H. and Ranjbar, S. (2012) A new record of Aonidiella orientalis parasitoids in southern Kerman. Proceedings of the 20th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 26–29 August 2012, University of Shiraz, p. 96. Darling, D.C. and Johnson, N.F. (1984) Synopsis of Nearctic Azotinae (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 86, 555–562. Ebrahimi, E. (1993) An introduction to the new six parasitoid wasps for the fauna of Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 12 and 13, 25. Ebrahimi, E. (2014) Parasitoid and hyperparasitoid wasps of scale insects in Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum, Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 34, 73–83 [in Persian, English summary]. Girault, A.A. (1913) Australian Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea – IV. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 2, 140–296. Hayat, M. (1983) The genera of Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera) of the world. Systematic Entomology 8, 63–102. Hayat, M. (1994) Notes on some genera of the Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), with comments on the classification of the family. Oriental Insects 28, 81–96.

Chapter 3

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Heraty, J.M., Burks, R.A., Cruaud, A., Gibson, G.A.P., Liljebad, J. et al. (2013) A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Cladistics 29, 466–542. Howard, L.O. (1894) Two parasites of important scale insects. Insect Life 7, 5–8. Howard, L.O. (1898) On some parasites of Coccidae with descriptions of two new genera of Aphelininae. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 4, 133–139. Jalaeian, M., Mansouri, M. and Karimi-Malati, A. (2013) Distribution and morphological characteristics of parasitoids and hyperparasitoids of Lepidosaphes pistaciae (Hem: Diaspididae) in Isfahan province. Plant Pests Research 3, 19–31 [in Persian, English summary]. Jamalomidi, A., Hosseini, R., Sahragard, A. and Hajizadeh, J. (2012) A faunal study on armored scales (Hem.: Diaspididae) parasitoids on citrus trees in eastern part of Guilan province. Proceedings of the 20th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 26–29 August 2012, University of Shiraz, p. 217. Lachinani, P. and Ahmadi, A.A. (1993) Natural enemies of oriental yellow scale, Aonidiella orientalis Newstead in citrus groves of Fars province. Proceedings of the 11th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 August – 2 September 1993, University of Guilan, p. 203. Lotfalizadeh, H., Zargaran, M.R. and Taghizadeh, M. (2014) Species diversity of Coccoidea parasitoids wasps (Hym.: Chalcidoidea) in the northern parts of East-Azarbaijan province, Iran. North-Western Journal of Zoology 10, 60–66. Mirseyed, S., Asgari, Sh. and Samin, N. (2013) A study on the natural enemies of coccids (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in pistachio gardens of Damghan, Iran. Calodema 281, 1–5. Modarres Awal, M. (1997) Family Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera). In: Modarres Awal, M. (ed.) List of Agricultural Pests and their Natural Enemies in Iran. 2nd edn. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, Iran, pp. 261–262. Modarres Awal, M. (2012) Family Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera), In: Modarres Awal, M. (ed.) List of Agricultural Pests and their Natural Enemies in Iran. 3rd edn. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, Iran, pp. 474–477. Moghaddam, M. (2017) The Scale Insects of Citrus in Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) (Identification, biology, natural enemies and distribution). Ministry of Jihad-e Agriculture, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, 177 pp. [in Persian]. Nikol’skaya, M.N. and Yasnosh, V.A. (1966) Aphelinids of the European part of the USSR and the Caucasus (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae). No. 91 in series Opredeleteli po Faune SSSR [Keys to the Fauna of the USSR]. Izdavavaemiya Zoologicheskim Institutom Akademii Nauk SSSR [Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR], Moscow and Leningrad, 296 pp. [in Russian].

Family Azotidae Nikol’skaya and Yasnosh, 1966

Noyes, J.S. (2019) Universal Chalcidoidea Database. Available at: www.nhm.ac.uk/chalcidoids (accessed December 2019). Pedata, P.A. and Viggiani, G. (1991) Preliminary morpho-biological observations on Azotus perspeciosus (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), hyperparasitoid of Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni Tozzetti) (Homoptera: Diaspididae). Redia 74, 343–350. Rajabi, Gh. (1976) Etude des rapports existants entre les modes de multiplication des arbres fruitiers et les attaques des insectes xylophages. Entomology and Phytopathology 3, 3–5. Samin, N., Ruíz Cancino, E., Myartseva, S., Trjapitzin, V.A., Gençer, L. and Sakenin, H. (2019) A faunistic study of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) from Guilan province and adjacent areas, northern Iran. Entomofauna 40, 47–58. Shafee S.A. and Rizvi, S. (1984) Taxonomic notes on some Indian Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea). Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 57, 379–381. Shojai, M. (1998) Entomology (Ethology Social Life and Natural Enemies) (Biological Control). 3rd vol., 3rd edn. University of Tehran Publication, Tehran, Iran, 550 pp. [in Persian]. Toorani, A.H. and Abbasipour, H. (2019) Parasitoids of the white peach scale, Psedaulacaspis pentagona in the kiwifruit orchards of northern Iran. North-Western Journal of Zoology 15, 107–109. Toorani, A.H., Abbasipour, H., Karimi, J. and Askarianzadeh, A. (2017) Parasitoid wasps of white peach scale, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona in kiwi orchards of east of Mazandaran. Proceedings of the 2nd Iranian International Congress of Entomology, p. 137. Toorani, A.H., Abbasipour, H. and Dehghan-Dehnavi, L. (2019) Biodiversity and population fluctuations of parasitoids of the white peach scale, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni-Tozzetti) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), in kiwifruit orchards in Northern Iran. Hellenic Plant Protection Journal 12, 12–21. Viggiani, G. (1972) Peculiarità morfo-biologiche delle specie del genere Azotus How. (Hym. Aphelinidae). Ricerche sugli Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea. XXXIII. Atti del IX Congresso Nazionale Italiano di Entomologia. Siena, 21–25 Giugno 1972, pp. 91–97. Viggiani, G. (1973) Osservazioni morfo-biologiche sull’Azotus pulcherrimus Merc. (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Ricerche sugli Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea. XL. Bollettino del Laboratario di Entomologia Agraria ‘Filippo Silvestri’ di Portici 30, 300–311. Yazdani, A. and Rajabi, A. (1993) The first record of Hymenoptera parasitoids of scale insects on pistachio in Iran. Proceedings of the 11th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 August – 2 September 1993, University of Guilan, p. 212.

71

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

 

Brachymeria femorata (Panzer, 1801) – ♀ (Chalcididae) [photo courtesy of I.E. Popescu]

 

Hockeria unicolor Walker, 1834 – ♂ (Chalcididae) [photo courtesy of I.E. Popescu]

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

4



Family Chalcididae Latreille, 1817 Mikdat Doğanlar, Gary A.P. Gibson, Hassan Ghahari, Jeong Yoo and Irinel E. Popescu

Chalcididae consists of 1532 extant and five fossil species classified in 85 genera (Introduction, Table I.1), though at least at the time of Wijesekara (1997) four genera, Antrocephalus Kirby, Brachymeria Westwood, Conura Spinola and Hockeria Walker, represented more than half (54%) of the species diversity and 65 genera (78%) had fewer than five described species each. The family includes some of the first chalcidoids ever described, with Linnaeus (1761) originally describing Chalcis sispes (as Sphex sispes) and Linnaeus (1767) Brachymeria minuta (as Vespa minuta). Two decades later Fabricius (1787) coined the name ‘Chalcis’, which Latreille (1817) formally established as Chalcidites, later amended to Chalcididae by Walker (1862), from which the name of the superfamily is derived (Iqbal and Inayatullah, 2015; Narendran and van Achterberg, 2016). Members of Chalcididae can be recognized by the following combination of characters: body comparatively large (varying from 1.5 mm to 15 mm in length) and predominantly black, sometimes with yellow and/or red markings, but only rarely with metallic lustre; head and thoracic dorsum with coarse setiferous punctures; tarsi 5-segmented; hind leg with femur enlarged and ventrally toothed or denticulate, and tibia curved; prepectus usually small and indistinct; occipital carina lacking though head often with carina bordering gena posteriorly; fore wing flat, not folded longitudinally; female with ovipositor sheaths usually not projecting, but at least directed posteriorly in same plane as gaster; male with all gastral tergites independent (Gibson et al., 1997; Sheela et al., 2003; Emiliyamma, 2016; Narendran and van Achterberg, 2016). Many of these features are also shared with members of the family Leucospidae, but leucospids have the fore wing folded lengthwise similar to vespid wasps rather than flat; females of all Iranian species have the ovipositor sheaths turned upwards and anteriorly over the gaster and

males have most gastral tergites fused to form a carapace (Bouček, 1974; Iqbal and Inayatullah, 2015; Iqbal et al., 2018). Chalcididae has historically been considered a monophyletic lineage based on morphological features and as most closely related to the sister group of Leucospidae (Bouček, 1974, Wijesekara, 1997; Gibson et al., 1999). However, the family was not recovered as monophyletic in any of the analyses of the molecular study of Munro et al. (2011). It was supported as monophyletic in the combined molecular and morphology analyses of Heraty et al. (2013), though not all of its recognized subfamilies were. Noyes (2019), following the subfamily classification of Bouček (1988), recognized five subfamilies: Chalcidinae, Dirhininae, Epitraninae, Haltichellinae and Smicromorphine (Introduction, Table I.1). The phylogenetic analyses of Heraty et al. (2013) also supported recognizing five subfamilies, but as Chalcidinae, Cratocentrinae, Dirhininae, Haltichellinae and Smicromorphinae. Delvare (2017) subsequently suggested that in the future it is possible some tribes included in Chalcidinae will be upgraded to their own subfamilies. Because of the present instability of higher-level classification in Chalcididae we prefer to follow the classification of Bouček (1988) and Noyes (2019), with Chalcidinae (including the tribes Chalcidini, Brachymeriini, Cratocentrini and Phasgonophorini), Dirhininae (including the tribes Dirhinini and Aplorhinini), Epitraninae (without tribes), Haltichellinae (including the tribes Haltichellini, Hybothoracini and Tropimeridini) and Smicromorphinae (without tribes). The subfamily Smicromorphinae is Afrotropical, Australasian and Oriental in distribution (Bouček, 1988) and is not known from Iran. The family is cosmopolitan in distribution other than in polar regions and is particularly diverse in tropical lowland areas (Marchiori et al., 2003;

© CAB International 2021. Chalcidoidea of Iran (Insecta: Hymenoptera) (eds. H. Ghahari, G.A.P. Gibson and G. Viggiani). DOI: 10.1079/9781789248463.0004

73

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Aquino et al., 2015). The majority of species are primary, solitary ectoparasitoids of the larvae and pupae of other insects, though some are gregarious or are secondary parasitoids (hyperparasitoids) and a very few are endoparasitoids of eggs. They attack a wide range of hosts, most commonly Lepidoptera followed by Diptera, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera, though some species attack Neuroptera, Orthoptera and Strepsiptera (Gauld and Bolton, 1988; Grissell and Schauff, 1990; Narendran and Khan, 2011; Delvare, 2017). As parasitoids, they help regulate the populations of other insects; they have a key functional role in many ecosystems (Godfray, 1994) and are frequently used as biological control agents for many insect pests of agriculture (Consoli et al., 2010). All species of Dirhininae are parasitoids of Diptera puparia and thus are important natural control agents of filth-breeding and other pestiferous flies (Aquino et al., 2015). Brachymeria tibialis (Walker) was successfully introduced to North America to control Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae). In South America a conservation control strategy against lepidopteran and coleopteran defoliators of oil palm plantations was successfully implemented by the establishment of attractive plants bearing extra floral nectaries and Chalcididae were an important component of the parasitoids collected on these plants (Delvare and Genty, 1992; Delvare, 2017). Previous cataloguing of Iranian Chalcididae included Farahbakhsh (1961), who listed two valid species in two genera as well as, erroneously, one species of Encyrtidae, Schedius telenomicida (Vassiliev). Modarres Awal (1997, 2012) listed seven species in three genera and 12 species in seven genera, respectively; however, in both checklists three of the listed species were incorrectly included in Chalcididae: Elachertus proteoteratis Howard (as Elachertus fenestratus Nees) (Eulophidae), Lariophagus distinguendus (Förster) (Pteromalidae) and Trechnites insidiosus (Crawford) (Encyrtidae). Lotfalizadeh et al. (2012) listed 41 species of Chalcididae in 15 genera, which was increased to 61 species in 16 genera by Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016), and most recently to 68 species in 18 genera by Falahatpisheh et al. (2018). Based on our checklist, the fauna of Iranian Chalcididae consists of 85 species (~5.6% of the world species) following our inclusion of one newly recorded species (Kriechbaumerella mansues (Nikol’skaya) (Haltichellinae)); eight of the recorded

74

species are currently considered as endemic to Iran (Table 21.3). The species are classified in 21 genera in the following four subfamilies: Chalcidinae (27 species in five genera), Dirhininae (seven species in one genus), Epitraninae (one species) and Haltichellinae (50 species in 14 genera). Among the genera, Brachymeria Westwood, with 20 species, is the most diverse (Fig. 4.1). Species of Chalcididae have been recorded from 23 provinces (Table 21.4), of which Kerman has a reported 32 species, the highest diversity, followed by East Azarbaijan (23 species) and Fars (22 species) (Fig. 4.2). Thirty-four species of Iranian Chalcididae have been recorded from 17 host families in three orders: Lepidoptera (eight species in Gelechiidae, three species in both of Pyralidae and Tortricidae, two species in both of Lasiocampidae and Pieridae, and one species in each of Crambidae, Erebidae, Geometridae, Noctuidae, Plutellidae, Psychidae and Tineidae), Diptera (one species in each of Calliphoridae, Muscidae and Sarcophagidae) and Coleoptera (four species in Chrysomelidae and two species in Buprestidae). Comparison of the chalcidid fauna of Iran with adjacent countries (Table 21.5) indicates that the fauna of Iran (85 species) is most diverse, followed by United Arab Emirates (at least 74 species according to Delvare (2017)), Turkey (41 species), Kazakhstan and the former USSR (both with 33 species), Pakistan (32 species), Turkmenistan (25 species), Russia (16 species), Saudi Arabia (ten species), Iraq (six species), Armenia (five species), and Afghanistan (four species), Azerbaijan (two species); no species have been recorded from Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman or Qatar (Noyes, 2019). The disparity between the number of Chalcididae recorded from Iran compared with surrounding countries likely reflects lesser taxonomic research, comprehensive surveys and/or cataloguing in those countries. For example, although Delvare (2017) reported at least 74 species from United Arab Emirates, only one species was recorded by Noyes (2019). However, based on Noyes (2019), among the 15 countries adjacent to Iran, Turkey shares the highest number of known species with Iran (29 species), followed by Kazakhstan (26 species), Russia (16 species), Turkmenistan (11 species), Pakistan (seven species), Iraq (five species), Armenia (three species), Azerbaijan and Saudi Arabia (both with two species) and Afghanistan (one species).

Chapter 4

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

&

or

H

G ui la m Bo o n z y g Si er a st an Ke ahm n r & ma ad Ba n lu sha ch h es ta M Ker n az m an an da ra Q n az v Z in Ko anj rd an Kh es uz tan es ta n Fa r Is s fa W es Go han t l Ea Az esta st arb n Az ai ar jan ba ija Te n hr Se an m na Al n bo Ar rz da bi l Kh Ilam or as an Ya zd

h

ilo ye

hg

Ku

Number of species ym

ch

ra C

er ia ha lc is C Co ra nu to ce ra n Tr tru ig s on u D ra irh Ep inu itr s An anu An ac s tro ha ce lc ph is a B el lus as pi B dia uc Eu ekia ch H alc al tic is he Kr H ie l ch oc la ba ke r La um ia e si oc rel ha la N lcid N eoc ia eo hy hal bo cis th Pr ora oc x Ps on u Ta iloc ra ny ha co lci ry s ph us

B

Number of species 25

20 20

15 11

10 7

5 3 1

15

10

5 2 2

35

13

6 1 3

Family Chalcididae Latreille, 1817 6

3

1 1 1

5 1

2

25

7 7

7

4

1

22

9

5

1 5

7

3

1 2

7

1

6 2

1

0

Genera of Iranian Chalcididae

Fig. 4.1.  Number of species of Chalcididae in genera known from Iran.

32

30

23

20

14

4 1 4

0

Provinces of Iran

Fig. 4.2.  Number of species of Chalcididae from Iran by province.

75

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Checklist of Iranian CHALCIDIDAE Latreille, 1817 Subfamily Chalcidinae Latreille, 1817 Genus Brachymeria Westwood, 1829 Brachymeria albicrus (Klug, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Tehran (Hasanshahi et al., 2013). General distribution: Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Iran, Israel, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Somalia. Host records in Iran: Pieris rapae (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) (Hasanshahi et al., 2013). Brachymeria argenteopilosa (Radoszkowski, 1876) Catalogues with Iranian records: Rajabi et al. (2011c), Lotfalizadeh et al. (2012, as Brachymeria persica (Masi, 1924)), Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016, as B. persica), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz, Fars (Falahatpisheh et al., 2018), Kerman (Rajabi et al., 2011b; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012, as Brachymeria persica (Masi, 1924)). General distribution: Egypt, Iran. Brachymeria ceratoniae Delvare, 2011 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh et al. (2012), Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Isfahan (Delvare et al., 2011). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Host records in Iran: Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on Ceratonia siliqua (Fabaceae) (Delvare et al., 2011). Brachymeria excarinata Gahan, 1925 Catalogues with Iranian records: Rajabi et al. (2011c), Lotfalizadeh et al. (2012), Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012), East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh, 2012; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012), Kerman (Rajabi et al., 2011b). General distribution: Cameroon, China, Egypt, India, Iran, Japan, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam. Host records in Iran: Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) on Brassica oleraceae (Brassicaceae) (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012). Brachymeria femorata (Panzer, 1801) Catalogues with Iranian records: Rajabi et al. (2011c), Lotfalizadeh et al. (2012), Tavakoli

76

Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz, Guilan (Shojai et al., 2001), Ardabil (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012; Moravvej et al., 2016), East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh, 2012; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012; Moravvej et al., 2016), Fars, Khuzestan, Tehran (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012; Moravvej et al., 2016), Isfahan (Davatchi and Shojai, 1969; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998), Kerman (Rajabi et al., 2011b; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012; Moravvej et al., 2016), West Azarbaijan (Razmi et al., 2011). General distribution: Bosnia Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Caucasus, China, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Macedonia, Moldova, Mongolia, Pakistan, Philippines, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Acrobasis sp. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on Ulmus sp. (Ulmaceae) (Davatchi and Shojai, 1969; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998), Galerucella luteola (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) (Shojai et al., 2001), Pieris brassicae (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) on Brassica oleracea (Brassicaceae) (Razmi et al., 2011), Heliothis sp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012; Moravvej et al., 2016). Brachymeria hibernalis Askew, 1991 Catalogues with Iranian records: Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh, 2012). General distribution: Spain. Comments: Distribution of B. hibernalis is otherwise recorded only from Spain and its presence in Iran needs confirmation. Brachymeria inermis (Fonscolombe, 1840) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Ghadiri Rad and Keyhanian, 2010), Guilan (Samin and Farzaneh, 2016). General distribution: Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Greece, Hungary, India, Italy, Japan, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Syria, Turkey, Turkmenistan.

Chapter 4

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Host records in Iran: Cassidae palaestina Reiche (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) (Ghadiri Rad and Keyhanian, 2010). Brachymeria kassalensis (Kirby, 1886) Catalogues with Iranian records: Falahatpisheh et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Alborz, Fars (Falahatpisheh et al., 2018). General distribution: Ethiopia, India, Israel, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, West Africa. Brachymeria lasus (Walker, 1841) Catalogues with Iranian records: Rajabi et al. (2011c), Lotfalizadeh et al. (2012), Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Fars, Kerman (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012). General distribution: Australia, Bangladesh, China, Fiji, Guam, Hawaii, India, Indochina, Indonesia, Pakistan, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Taiwan, United States of America, Vietnam. Brachymeria minuta (Linnaeus, 1767) Catalogues with Iranian records: Rajabi et al. (2011c), Lotfalizadeh et al. (2012), Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh, 2012), Fars (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012; Falahatpisheh et al., 2018), Isfahan (Nobakht et al., 2015), Kordestan (Kamangar et al., 2017), Kuhgiloyeh & Boyerahmad, Sistan & Baluchestan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012), Mazandaran (Samin, 2015), West Azarbaijan (Akbarzadeh Shoukat et al., 2015, in vineyards), Iran (no specific locality) (Bouček, 1952; Nikol’skaya, 1952). General distribution: Australia, Bosnia Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Caucasus, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Egypt, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Papua New Guinea, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former USSR, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on pomegranate (Nobakht et al., 2015), Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012), Lobesia botrana (Denis and Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (Akbarzadeh Shoukat et al., 2015),

Family Chalcididae Latreille, 1817

Tortrix viridana L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (Kamangar et al., 2017). Brachymeria moerens (Ruschka, 1922) Catalogues with Iranian records: Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Ghahari et al., 2016). General distribution: Austria, Bosnia Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Caucasus, former Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Macedonia, Moldova, Slovakia, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia. Brachymeria obtusata (Förster, 1859) Catalogues with Iranian records: Rajabi et al. (2011c), Lotfalizadeh et al. (2012), Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh, 2012), Golestan (Ghahari et al., 2016), Mazandaran (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012; Ghahari et al., 2016). General distribution: Albania, Austria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Japan, Moldova, Netherlands, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Brachymeria parvula (Walker, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: Rajabi et al. (2011c),Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh, 2012), Kerman (Rajabi et al., 2011b), Qazvin (Sakenin Chelav et al., 2018). General distribution: Bosnia Hercegovina, Canada, Caucasus, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Indonesia, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkmenistan, United States of America, former USSR. Brachymeria argenteopilosa (Radoszkowski, 1876) Catalogues with Iranian records: Rajabi et al. (2011c), Lotfalizadeh et al. (2012, as Brachymeria persica (Masi, 1924)), Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016, as B. persica), Noyes (2019).

77

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Masi, 1924, 1951, as Chalcis persica Masi, 1924; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012, as B. persica). General distribution: Egypt, Iran. Brachymeria podagrica (Fabricius, 1787) Catalogues with Iranian records: Rajabi et al. (2011c), Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh, 2012), Hormozgan (Tavakoli Roodi et al., 2016), Kerman (Rajabi et al., 2011b), Tehran (Akbarzadeh et al., 2017). General distribution: Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Caucasus, China, Congo, Croatia, Cyprus, former Czechoslovakia, Egypt, France, Germany, Haiti, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Netherlands, Philippines, Romania, Seychelles, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Thailand, Tunisia, Ukraine, United States of America, former USSR, Vietnam, former Yugoslavia, Zambia. Host records in Iran: Sarcophaga argyrostoma (Robineau-Desvoidy) and Wohlfahrtia nuba (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) (Akbarzadeh et al., 2017). Brachymeria albicrus (Klug, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: Rajabi et al. (2011c, as Chalcis rufigaster (Masi, 1924)), Lotfalizadeh et al. (2012, as Brachymeria rufigaster (Masi, 1924)), Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016, as B. rufigaster), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Masi, 1924; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012, as Brachymeria rufigaster (Masi, 1924)). General distribution: Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Iran, Israel, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Somalia. Brachymeria rugulosa (Förster, 1859) Catalogues with Iranian records: Rajabi et al. (2011c), Lotfalizadeh et al. (2012), Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Rajabi et al., 2011b), Yazd (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012). General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Macedonia, Moldova, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Turkey, Turkmenistan, former Yugoslavia.

78

Host records in Iran: Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012). Brachymeria secundaria (Ruschka, 1922) Catalogues with Iranian records: Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh, 2012). General distribution: Austria, Bosnia Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, former Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Brachymeria tibialis (Walker, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: Rajabi et al. (2011c), Lotfalizadeh et al. (2012), Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Ardabil, Kermanshah, Semnan (Samin, 2015), East Azarbaijan (Nikdel and Sadaghian, 2001; Nikdel et al., 2008, both as Brachymeria intermedia Nees, 1834; Lotfalizadeh, 2012; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012; Nikdel, 2015, as B. intermedia), Fars (Abai and Faseli, 1986; Sepehr and Abai, 1989; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998, all as B. intermedia; Sabahi, 2000, as B. intermedia; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012; Falahatpisheh et al., 2018), Golestan (Shojai et al., 1997), Guilan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2016), Isfahan, Tehran (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012, as B. intermedia), Kerman (Farahbakhsh, 1961, as B. intermedia; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012, as B. intermedia; Rajabi et al., 2011b; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012), Mazandaran (Shojai et al., 1997; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012), West Azarbaijan (Karimpour, 2018), southwest of Iran (Abai, 1976). General distribution: Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bosnia Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Caucasus, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Macedonia, Moldova, Morocco, Netherlands, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Euproctis melania Staudinger (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) (Abai, 1976), Leucoma

Chapter 4

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

wiltshirei Collenette (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) (Abai, 1976; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) (Shojai et al., 1997), Ocnerogyia amanda Staudinger (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) (Abai and Faseli, 1986; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Parocneria terebynthina (Staudinger) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Sepehr and Abai, 1989; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Sabahi, 2000 under Ocneria terebynthina), Parocneria signatoria (Christoph) (as Ocneria poenitens Staudinger) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012 under Ocneria poenitens Staudinger), Parocneria terebynthina on Pistacia atlantica subsp. mutica (Anacardiaceae) (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012 under Ocneria terebynthina), Euproctis chrysorrhoea (L.) (Nikdel et al., 2004, 2008), Parocneria signatoria (under Ocneria joeniteris – misspelling) on Tamarix sp. (Tamaricaceae) (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012), Pandemis sp. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (Lotfalizadeh, 2012; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012), Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998; Nikdel and Sadaghian, 2001; Nikdel, 2015), Malacosoma castrensis (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) (Karimpour, 2018). Brachymeria vitripennis (Förster, 1859) Catalogues with Iranian records: Rajabi et al. (2011c), Lotfalizadeh et al. (2012), Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Falahatpisheh et  al., 2018), East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh, 2012; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012). General distribution: Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Macedonia, Moldova, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Turkey, former Yugoslavia. Brachymeria spp. Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Mehrnejad, 2008), Khuzestan (Moravvej et al., 2016), Mazandaran (Babaei et al., 2012). Host records in Iran: Kermania pistaciella Amsel (Lepidoptera: Tineidae) (Mehrnejad, 2008), Ennomos quercinaria (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) (Babaei et al., 2012). Genus Chalcis Fabricius, 1787 Chalcis biguttata Spinola, 1808 Catalogues with Iranian records: Rajabi et al. (2011c), Lotfalizadeh et al. (2012), Tavakoli

Family Chalcididae Latreille, 1817

Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012), Semnan (Ghahari and Huang, 2016). General distribution: Caucasus, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Netherlands, Russia, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former USSR. Chalcis myrifex (Sulzer, 1776) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Sakenin Chelav et al., 2018). General distribution: Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Tunisia, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former Yugoslavia. Chalcis sispes (Linnaeus, 1761) Catalogues with Iranian records: Rajabi et al. (2011c), Lotfalizadeh et al. (2012), Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Falahatpisheh et al., 2018), Hormozgan (Tavakoli Roodi et al., 2016), Iran (no specific locality) (Nikol’skaya, 1960). General distribution: Austria, Bosnia Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Caucasus, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Ireland (north and south), Italy, Moldova, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, United Kingdom, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Genus Conura Spinola, 1837 Conura xanthostigma (Dalman, 1820) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Ghahari, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Canada, China, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, India, Italy, Netherlands, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, United Kingdom. Genus Cratocentrus Cameron, 1907 Cratocentrus inermus Delvare, 2018 Catalogues with Iranian records: Falahatpisheh et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Falahatpisheh et al., 2018). General distribution: Iran, Iraq.

79

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Cratocentrus tomentosus (Nikol’skaya, 1952) Catalogues with Iranian records: Rajabi et al. (2011c), Lotfalizadeh et al. (2012), Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Yazd (Lotfalizadeh and JafariNadushan, 2015), northern Iran (Nikol’skaya, 1952, as Lepidochalcis tomentosa (Nikol’skaya, 1952); Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012). General distribution: India, Iran. Host records in Iran: Chrysobothris parvipunctata Obenberger (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) on Punica granatum (Lythraceae) (Lotfalizadeh and JafariNadushan, 2015). Genus Trigonura Sichel, 1866 Trigonura ninae (Nikol’skaya, 1952) Catalogues with Iranian records: Rajabi et al. (2011c, as Trigonura sphenoptera Nikol’skaya, 1960) and Trigonura ruficaudis (Cameron, 1913), Lotfalizadeh et al. (2012), Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Falahatpisheh et al., 2018), Ilam (Jozeyan et al., 2017), Semnan (Naderian et  al., 2012, as Trigonura ruficaudis (Cameron, 1913) – in corn field), Tehran (Lotfalizadeh and Khalghani, 2008, as Trigonura sphenoptera Nikol’skaya, 1960; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012), Yazd (Lotfalizadeh and Khalghani, 2008; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012, both as T. ruficaudis; Lotfalizadeh and Jafari-Nadushan, 2015), Iran (no specific locality) (Haeselbarth, 1983). General distribution: India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan. Host records in Iran: Buprestidae (Coleoptera) (Lotfalizadeh and Khalghani, 2008), Chrysobothris sp. (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) (Lotfalizadeh and Khalghani, 2008; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012), Chrysobothris parvipunctata Obenberger on Punica granatum (Lythraceae) (Lotfalizadeh and Jafari-Nadushan, 2015), Chrysobothris parvipuncta (Jozeyan et al., 2017). Subfamily Dirhininae Ashmead, 1904 Genus Dirhinus Dalman, 1818 Dirhinus anthracia Walker, 1846 Catalogues with Iranian records: Falahatpisheh et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Falahatpisheh et al., 2018).

80

General distribution: Australia, India, Philippines, South Africa, Taiwan, Vietnam, Zambia. Dirhinus bakeri (Crawford, 1914) Catalogues with Iranian records: Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Khuzestan (Moravvej et al., 2016). General distribution: India, Japan, Philippines. Dirhinus excavatus Dalman, 1818 Catalogues with Iranian records: Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Hormozgan (Tavakoli Roodi et al., 2016). General distribution: Eritrea, India, Kenya, Myanmar, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Thailand. Comments: Presence of D. excavatus in Iran needs confirmation (Falahatpisheh et al., 2018). Dirhinus giffardii Silvestri, 1913 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Kuhgiloyeh & Boyerahmad (Sakenin Chelav et al., 2018). General distribution: Australia, Bolivia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Fiji, Ghana, Hawaii, Israel, Italy, Malawi, Mexico, Micronesia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, Puerto Rico, Réunion, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, United States of America. Dirhinus hesperidum (Rossi, 1790) Catalogues with Iranian records: Rajabi et al. (2011c), Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Rajabi et al., 2011b), Semnan (Ghahari and Huang, 2016). General distribution: Austria, Bosnia Hercegovina, Croatia, former Czechoslovakia, France, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Japan, Korea, Moldova, Romania, Slovakia, Turkey, Ukraine. Dirhinus himalayanus Westwood, 1836 Catalogues with Iranian records: Rajabi et al. (2011c), Lotfalizadeh et al. (2012), Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Tehran (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Iran (no specific locality) (Maadani and Ladonni, 1993; Dabiri et al., 1998; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012). General distribution: India, Iran, Japan, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, Turkmenistan, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012).

Chapter 4

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Dirhinus wohlfahrtiae Ferrière, 1935 Catalogues with Iranian records: Rajabi et al. (2011c), Lotfalizadeh et al. (2012), Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Ilam (Modarres Awal, 1997; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012). General distribution: Cyprus, Egypt, Iran, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Yemen. Host records in Iran: Calliphoridae (Diptera) (Modarres Awal, 1997; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012), Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012).

Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Ghahari, 2018 – around rice fields). General distribution: Australia, Brazil, India, Israel, Kenya, Malaysia, Mauritius, Philippines, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Thailand. Antrocephalus subelongatus (Kohl, 1906) Catalogues with Iranian records: Falahatpisheh et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Falahatpisheh et al., 2018). General distribution: Indonesia, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia.

Subfamily Epitraninae Burks, 1936 Genus Epitranus Walker, 1834 Epitranus clavatus (Fabricius, 1804) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Khuzestan (Moravvej et al., 2018). General distribution: Antilles, Brazil, Guyana, Hawaii, India, Seychelles, Taiwan, United States of America. Subfamily Haltichellinae Ashmead, 1904 Genus Anachalcis Steffan, 1951 Anachalcis rubra Steffan, 1951 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Ghahari and Tabari, 2019), Qazvin (Samin et al., 2019). General distribution: Bulgaria, Caucasus, Greece, Macedonia, Montenegro, Turkey. Genus Antrocephalus Kirby, 1883 Antrocephalus hypsopygiae Masi, 1928 Catalogues with Iranian records: Rajabi et al. (2011c), Lotfalizadeh et al. (2012), Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh, 2014), Hormozgan (Tavakoli Roodi et al., 2016), Kerman (Rajabi et al., 2011b), Mazandaran (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012 on Oryza sativa – Poaceae; Ghahari, 2018 – around rice fields). General distribution: Caucasus, Croatia, Cyprus, France, Iran, Kazakhstan, Morocco, Russia, Spain, Transcaucasus, Turkmenistan, former USSR. Antrocephalus mitys (Walker, 1846) Catalogues with Iranian records: None.

Family Chalcididae Latreille, 1817

Genus Belaspidia Masi, 1916 Belaspidia nigra (Siebold, 1856) Catalogues with Iranian records: Rajabi et al. (2011c), Lotfalizadeh et al. (2012), Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan, Isfahan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012), Iran (no specific locality) (Nikol’skaya, 1952). General distribution: Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Hungary, Iran, Moldova, Spain, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey. Host records in Iran: Psychidae (Lepidoptera) (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012). Belaspidia obscura Masi, 1916 Catalogues with Iranian records: Rajabi et al. (2011c), Lotfalizadeh et al. (2012), Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Iran (no specific locality) (Tudor, 1962; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012). General distribution: Austria, Belgium, Caucasus, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Macedonia, Moldova, Morocco, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Syria, Tajikistan, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Genus Bucekia Steffan, 1951 Bucekia differens (Bouček, 1949) Catalogues with Iranian records: Falahatpisheh et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Falahatpisheh et al., 2018). General distribution: India, Israel, Senegal, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan.

81

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Genus Euchalcis Dufour, 1861 Euchalcis hyalipennis Bouček, 1952 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Fakhrzadeh et al., 2019). General distribution: Egypt, Israel. Euchalcis inopinata (Bouček, 1952) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Ghahari and Sakenin, 2018). General distribution: Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Slovakia, Sweden, Ukraine, former USSR. Euchalcis magna (Bouček, 1952) Catalogues with Iranian records: Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016, as Hockeria magna Bouček, 1952), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018, as H. magna). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh, 2014; Kazemi and Lotfalizadeh, 2014, as Hockeria magna Bouček, 1952). General distribution: Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Swaziland, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Euchalcis miegii Dufour, 1861 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Samin et al., 2019). New material examined: Qazvin province, Alamut, 3♀, ex Euzophera bigella (Zeller, 1848) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on Malus orientalis (Rosaceae), September 2015. General distribution: Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Greece, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Kirgizia, Spain, Tunisia, Turkey. Euchalcis susterai (Bouček, 1952) Catalogues with Iranian records: Rajabi et al. (2011c, as Hockeria susterai (Bouček, 1952)), Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016, as H. susterai), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018, as H. susterai), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh, 2014, as Hockeria susterai (Bouček, 1952)), Kerman (Rajabi et al., 2011b, as H. susterai). General distribution: Austria, Canary Islands, Czech Republic, Hungary, Iran, Moldova, Poland, Spain, Sweden.

82

Euchalcis unicolor (Lucas, 1871) Catalogues with Iranian records: Falahatpisheh et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Falahatpisheh et al., 2018). General distribution: Algeria, Armenia, Caucasus, Israel, Spain, Turkey. Host records in Iran: Amicta sericata Hättenschwiler and Alemansoor (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) on Zygophyllum atriplicoides (Zygophyllaceae) (Falahatpisheh et al., 2018). Genus Haltichella Spinola, 1811 Haltichella rufipes (Olivier, 1791) Catalogues with Iranian records: Rajabi et al. (2011c), Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Falahatpisheh et al., 2018), Kerman (Rajabi et al., 2011a,b). General distribution: Austria, Caucasus, Croatia, Czech Republic, Congo, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Plant associations in Iran: Fabaceae in pomegranate orchard (Rajabi et al., 2011b). Genus Hockeria Walker, 1834 Hockeria bifasciata Walker, 1834 Catalogues with Iranian records: Rajabi et al. (2011c), Lotfalizadeh et al. (2012), Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Hormozgan (Tavakoli Roodi et al., 2016), Mazandaran (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012; Ghahari, 2018 – both in rice fields). General distribution: Algeria, Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Greece, Hungary, India, Italy, Japan, Lebanon, Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, former Yugoslavia. Hockeria confusa Nikol’skaya, 1960 Catalogues with Iranian records: Rajabi et al. (2011c), Lotfalizadeh et al. (2012), Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Tehran (Nikol’skaya, 1960; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Hockeria singularis Bouček, 1952 Catalogues with Iranian records: Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018).

Chapter 4

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh, 2014), Semnan (Ghahari and Huang, 2016). General distribution: Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Russia, Spain, former USSR. Hockeria unicolor Walker, 1834 Catalogues with Iranian records: Rajabi et al. (2011c), Lotfalizadeh et al. (2012), Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh, 2014), Hormozgan (Tavakoli Roodi et al., 2016), Ilam (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012; Modarres Awal, 2012), Kerman (Rajabi et al., 2011b),West Azarbaijan (Akbarzadeh Shoukat et al., 2015 – in vineyards). General distribution: Algeria, Austria, Bosnia Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Morocco, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Ukraine, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Lobesia botrana (Denis and Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (Akbarzadeh Shoukat et al., 2015). Plant associations in Iran: Carthamus oxycantha (Asteraceae) (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012). Hockeria spp. Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Mehrnejad and Basirat, 2009), Tehran (Abai, 2006). Host records in Iran: Chrysobothris solieri Laporte & Gory (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) (Abai, 2006), Kermania pistaciella Amsel (Lepidoptera: Tineidae) (Mehrnejad and Basirat, 2009). Genus Kriechbaumerella Dalla Torre, 1897 Kriechbaumerella gracilis (Nikol’skaya, 1952) Catalogues with Iranian records: Rajabi et al. (2011c), Lotfalizadeh et al. (2012), Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Nikol’skaya, 1952, as Antrocephalus gracilis (Nikol’skaya, 1952); Lotfalizadeh, 2014), Kerman (Rajabi et al., 2011b). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Kriechbaumerella hofferi (Bouček, 1952) Catalogues with Iranian records: Rajabi et al. (2011c), Lotfalizadeh et al. (2012), Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Northern Iran (Nikol’skaya, 1952, as Antrocephalus goliath Nikol’skaya, 1952).

Family Chalcididae Latreille, 1817

General distribution: Afghanistan, China, Croatia, Hungary, Iran, Kazakhstan, Slovakia, former USSR. Kriechbaumerella mansues (Nikol’skaya, 1952) Catalogues with Iranian records: None (newly recorded from Iran). Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan province, Piranshahr (Lajan), 1♂, 3♀, ex Lasiocampa grandis (Rogenhofer, 1891) (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) on Prunus sp. (Rosaceae), September 2011. General distribution: Croatia, Cyprus, Iraq, Israel, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Ukraine, former USSR. Genus Lasiochalcidia Masi, 1929 Lasiochalcidia cincticornis (Walker, 1871) Catalogues with Iranian records: Rajabi et al. (2011c), Lotfalizadeh et al. (2012), Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh, 2014), Hormozgan (Tavakoli Roodi et al., 2016), Kerman (Rajabi et al., 2011b), Sistan & Baluchestan (Nikol’skaya, 1952; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012). General distribution: Algeria, Bulgaria, Caucasus, Cyprus, Egypt, France, Greece, Iran, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Romania, Spain,Transcaucasus, Ukraine, former USSR. Lasiochalcidia dargelasii (Latreille, 1805) Catalogues with Iranian records: Rajabi et al. (2011c), Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Hormozgan (Tavakoli Roodi et al., 2016), Kerman (Rajabi et al., 2011b – in plum orchard). General distribution: Algeria, Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Hungary, India, Iran, Italy, Moldova, Serbia, Slovakia, Transcaucasus, Turkey, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Lasiochalcidia guineensis (Steffan, 1951) Catalogues with Iranian records: Rajabi et al. (2011c), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Rajabi et al., 2011b). General distribution: Czech Republic, France, Guinea, Hungary, Iran, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia. Lasiochalcidia indescripta Bouček, 1952 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh et al. (2012), Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018), Noyes (2019).

83

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012), Hormozgan (Tavakoli Roodi et al., 2016). General distribution: Former Czechoslovakia, France, Hungary, Iran, former Yugoslavia. Comments: Presence of L. indescripta in Iran needs confirmation (Falahatpisheh et al., 2018). Lasiochalcidia pubescens (Klug, 1934) Catalogues with Iranian records: Rajabi et al. (2011c), Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Falahatpisheh et al., 2018), Hormozgan (Tavakoli Roodi et al., 2016), Kerman (Rajabi et al., 2011b). General distribution: Egypt, Iran. Plant associations in Iran: Cardaria draba (Brassicaceae) and Tamarix sp. (Tamaricaceae), in orange orchard (Rajabi et al., 2011b). Comments: Lasiochalcidia pubescens was synonymized under Euchalcis igiliensis Masi (1916) by Steffan (1966), but this synonymy is incorrect (Falahatpisheh et al., 2018) and thus present databases are not reliable. We consider L. pubescens as part of the fauna of Iran until specimens of L. igiliensis are discovered. Lasiochacidia igiliensis is known from Algeria, Italy, Lebanon and Morocco. Lasiochalcidia rubripes (Kieffer, 1899) Catalogues with Iranian records: Falahatpisheh et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Falahatpisheh et al., 2018). General distribution: France, Hungary. Lasiochalcidia sparsibarbis Bouček, 1956 Catalogues with Iranian records: Rajabi et al. (2011c), Lotfalizadeh et al. (2012), Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Bouček, 1956; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012), Fars (Falahatpisheh et al., 2018). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Lasiochalcidia sp. Distribution in Iran: Tehran (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012). Genus Neochalcis Kirby, 1883 Neochalcis fertoni (Kieffer, 1899) Catalogues with Iranian records: Rajabi et al. (2011c), Lotfalizadeh et al. (2012), Tavakoli

84

Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012; Lotfalizadeh, 2014), Fars (Falahatpisheh et al., 2018), Hormozgan (Tavakoli Roodi et al., 2016). General distribution: Algeria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, France, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Macedonia, Moldova, Morocco, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, United Kingdom, former USSR. Neochalcis osmicida (Saunders, 1873) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Samin et al., 2019). General distribution: Albania, Czech Republic, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Russia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Tunisia, Ukraine, former USSR. Genus Neohybothorax Nikol’skaya, 1960 Neohybothorax hetera (Walker, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: Rajabi et al. (2011c), Lotfalizadeh et al. (2012), Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012; Lotfalizadeh, 2014), Khuzestan (Mozafari et al., 2000; Modarres Awal, 2012; Moravvej et al., 2016). General distribution: Caucasus, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden. Host records in Iran: Caryedon prosopidis Arora (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) (Mozafari et al., 2000; Modarres Awal, 2012). Genus Proconura Dodd, 1915 Proconura near aeneonitens (Graham, 1983) Catalogues with Iranian records: Rajabi et al. (2011c). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Rajabi et al., 2011b). General distribution: Canary Islands, Madeira. Proconura near asikae (Nikol’skaya and Kyao, 1954) Catalogues with Iranian records: Rajabi et al. (2011c). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Rajabi et al., 2011b). General distribution: Kazakhstan, former USSR.

Chapter 4

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Proconura barbara (Masi, 1929) Catalogues with Iranian records: Rajabi et al. (2011c), Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh, 2014), Kerman (Rajabi et al., 2011b). General distribution: Libya. Proconura caryobori (Hanna, 1934) Catalogues with Iranian records: Rajabi et al. (2011c), Lotfalizadeh et al. (2012), Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Rajabi et al., 2011b), Khuzestan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012; Moravvej et al., 2016). General distribution: China, India, Iran, Nepal, Sudan, Thailand, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Caryedon acaciae (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012; Moravvej et al., 2016). Proconura incongruens (Masi, 1932) Catalogues with Iranian records: Rajabi et al. (2011c), Lotfalizadeh et al. (2012), Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Rajabi et al., 2011b; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012). General distribution: Iran, Libya. Proconura nigripes (Fonscolombe, 1832) Catalogues with Iranian records: Rajabi et al. (2011c), Lotfalizadeh et al. (2012), Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012; Lotfalizadeh, 2014), Hormozgan (Tavakoli Roodi et al., 2016), Qazvin (Farahbakhsh, 1961, as Euchalcidia nigripes (Fonscolombe, 1832)), Semnan (Ghahari and Huang, 2016), Zanjan (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012, as E. nigripes), Iran (no specific locality) (Herting, 1975; Steffan, 1976). General distribution: Albania, Algeria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Libya, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Recurvaria pistaciicola (Danilewski) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) (Davatchi, 1958; Farahbakhsh, 1961; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012).

Family Chalcididae Latreille, 1817

Proconura persica Delvare, 2011 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh et al. (2012), Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Ehteshami et al., 2019), Isfahan (Delvare et al., 2011). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Host records in Iran: Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on Ceratonia siliqua (Fabaceae) (Delvare et al., 2011; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012). Proconura sp. Distribution in Iran: Fars (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2019). Genus Psilochalcis Kieffer, 1905 Psilochalcis benoisti (Steffan, 1948) Catalogues with Iranian records: Rajabi et al. (2011c), Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Rajabi et al., 2011b). General distribution: Algeria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Morocco, Slovakia, Spain, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Ukraine, former USSR. Psilochalcis ceratoniae Delvare, 2011 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh et al. (2012), Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Isfahan (Delvare et al., 2011; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012), Yazd (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Host records in Iran: Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) (as Apomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller)) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on Ceratonia siliqua (Delvare et al., 2011; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012). Psilochalcis dentata (Steffan, 1951) Catalogues with Iranian records: Falahatpisheh et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Falahatpisheh et al., 2018). General distribution: Chad, Senegal. Comments: Distribution of P. dentata is otherwise restricted to Africa and its presence in Iran needs confirmation. Psilochalcis immaculata (Rossi, 1792) Catalogues with Iranian records: Rajabi et al. (2011c, as Psilochalcis nigerrima (Masi, 1929)),

85

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016, as P. nigerrima), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018, as P. nigerrima). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Rajabi et al., 2011b, as Psilochalcis nigerrima (Masi, 1929)), Mazandaran (Ghahari and Sakenin, 2018; Ghahari, 2019). General distribution: Albania, Caucasus, Croatia, Cyprus, France, Greece, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Macedonia, Turkey. Psilochalcis ligustica (Masi, 1929) Catalogues with Iranian records: Rajabi et al. (2011c), Lotfalizadeh et al. (2012), Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Samin et al., 2019), Hormozgan (Tavakoli Roodi et al., 2016), Ilam (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012; Modarres Awal, 2012), Qazvin (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012), Iran (no specific locality) (Bouček, 1952, 1956, as Invreia ligustica (Masi, 1929)). General distribution: Caucasus, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Greece, Hungary, India, Iran, Italy, Romania, Slovakia, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, former USSR. Psilochalcis rufitarsis (Illiger, 1807) Catalogues with Iranian records: Rajabi et al. (2011c), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Samin et al., 2019), Kerman (Rajabi et al., 2011b). General distribution: Croatia, Cyprus, France, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Syria, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Ukraine, former USSR. Psilochalcis subaenea (Masi, 1929) Catalogues with Iranian records: Rajabi et al. (2011c), Lotfalizadeh et al. (2012), Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Rajabi et al., 2011b), Khuzestan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012; Moravvej et al., 2016). General distribution: Former Czechoslovakia, France, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Slovakia, Spain, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Caryedon acaciae (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012; Moravvej et al., 2016). Psilochalcis subarmata (Förster, 1855) Catalogues with Iranian records: Rajabi et al. (2011c), Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018), Noyes (2019).

86

Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Rajabi et al., 2011b). General distribution: Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former USSR. Plant associations in Iran: Euphorbia sp. (Euphorbiaceae) (Rajabi et al., 2011b). Psilochalcis subdola (Nikol’skaya, 1960) Catalogues with Iranian records: Falahatpisheh et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Falahatpisheh et al., 2018). General distribution: Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan. Psilochalcis subjecta (Nikol’skaya, 1960) Catalogues with Iranian records: Rajabi et al. (2011c), Lotfalizadeh et al. (2012), Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Khorasan (Nikol’skaya, 1960, as Inveria subjecta (Nikol’skaya, 1960); Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Psilochalcis zarudnyi (Nikol’skaya, 1960) Catalogues with Iranian records: Rajabi et al. (2011c), Lotfalizadeh et al. (2012), Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Sistan & Baluchestan (Nikol’skaya, 1960, as Invreia zarudnyi (Nikol’skaya, 1960); Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Genus Tanycoryphus Cameron, 1905 Tanycoryphus tibialis (Nikol’skaya, 1960) Catalogues with Iranian records: Rajabi et al. (2011c), Lotfalizadeh et al. (2012), Tavakoli Roodi et al. (2016), Falahatpisheh et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Semnan (Naderian et al., 2012 – in corn field), Tehran (Abai and Lotfalizadeh, 2008; Lotfalizadeh and Khalghani, 2008; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Iran, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. Host records in Iran: Chrysobothris solieri Laporte and Gory (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) on Pinus eldarica (Pinaceae) (Abai and Lotfalizadeh, 2008; Lotfalizadeh and Khalghani, 2008; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012; Modarres Awal, 2012).

Chapter 4

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

References Abai, M. (1976) Porthesia melania Stgr. (Lep.: Lymantriidae) in Iran. Entomologie et Phytopathologie Appliquées 41, 7–15. Abai, M. (2006) Report of Chrysobothris solieri Cast. et Gory (Col.: Buprestidae) from Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 74, 53. Abai, M. and Faseli, G. (1986) Morphology, biology and control of the fig tree defoliator Ocnerogyia amanda Stgr. (Lep., Lymantriidae). Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 8, 31–44. Abai, M. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2008) Report of the parasitoid Varzobia tibialis Nikol’skaya (Hym.: Chalcididae) on Chrysobothris solieri in Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 76, 47. Akbarzadeh Shoukat, Gh., Safaralizadeh, M.H., Ranjbar Aghdam, H. and Aramideh, Sh. (2015) Introduction parasitoid wasps belonging to the superfamily Chalcidoidea on grape berry moth, Lobesia botrana (Lep., Tortricidae) from Urmia vineyards. Proceedings of the 1st Iranian Congress of Entomology, p. 114. Akbarzadeh, K., Mirzakhanlou, A.A., Lotfalizadeh, H., Malekian, A., Hazratian, T. et al. (2017) Natural parasitism associated with species of Sarcophagidae family of Diptera in Iran. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 10, 134–137. Aquino, D.A., Tavares, M.T., Balducci, E., Baca, V. and De Quinteros, S.Q. (2015) The microlepidopterous natural enemy Brachymeria subrugosa Blanchard, 1942 (Hymenoptera, Chalcididae): identity, hosts and geographic distribution. Zootaxa 4013, 293–300. Babaei, M., Barimani, H. and Mafi, Sh. (2012) Investigation of parasitism on pupae of Ennomos quercinaria (Huf.) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in forest park of DashteNaz, Sari-Mazandaran. Proceedings of the 20th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 26–29 August 2012, University of Shiraz, p. 18. Bouček, Z. (1952) The first revision of the European species of the family Chalcididae (Hymenoptera). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 27 (Supplement 1), 1–108. Bouček, Z. (1956) A contribution to the knowledge of the Chalcididae, Leucospidae and Eucharitidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) of the Near East. Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel 5B, 227–259. Bouček, Z. (1974) A revision of the Leucospidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) of the world. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) Supplement 23, 1–241. Bouček, Z. (1988) An overview of the higher classification of the Chalcidoidea (Parasitic Hymenoptera). In: Gupta, V.K. (ed.) Advances in Parasitic Hymenoptera Research. Proceedings of the Second Conference on Taxonomy and Biology of Parasitic Hymenoptera, Gainesville, November, 1987. E.J. Brill, Leiden, Netherlands, pp. 11–23.

Family Chalcididae Latreille, 1817

Consoli, F.L., Parra, J.R.P. and Zucchi, R.A. (2010) Egg Parasitoids in Agroecosystems with Emphasis on Trichogramma. Springer, Netherlands, x + 482 pp. Dabiri, F. Tirgari, S. and Ghassemi, M.J. (1998) Complement laboratory studies on the biology of parasitoid wasp Dirhinus himalayanus Westwood, 1836 (Hym.: Chalcididae) with emphasis study of the average number of eggs laid by one mated female wasp and the sex ratio of progenies. Proceedings of the 13th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 23–27 August 1998, Karaj Junior College of Agriculture, p. 259. Davatchi, A. (1958) Étude biologique de la faune entomologique des Pistacia sauvages et cultivés. Revue de Pathologie Végétale et d’Entomologie Agricole 37, 1–166. Davatchi, A. and Shojai, M. (1969) Les Hyménoptères Entomophages de l'Iran (études faunistiques). Vol. 107. Faculty Agriculture, University Publishing, Tehran, 88 pp. [in Persian, French summary]. Delvare, G. (2017) Order Hymenoptera, family Chalcididae. Arthropod Fauna of the UAE 6, 225–274. Delvare, G. and Genty, P. (1992) Intérêt des plantes attractives pour la faune auxiliaire dans les palmeraies d’Amérique tropicale. Oléagineux 47, 551–559. Delvare, G., Talaee, L. and Goldansaz, S.H. (2011) New Chalcididae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of economic importance from Iran. Annales Zoologici (Warszawa) 61, 789–801. Ehteshami, F., Lotfalizadeh, H. and Delvare, G. (2019) Discovery of male of Proconura persica Delvare (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae), recently described from Iran. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 5, 153–158. Emiliyamma, K.G. (2016) Studies on the taxonomy of Chalcididae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Kerala and adjacent areas with a review of known Indian species. PhD thesis of Zoology, Mahatma Gandhi University, 360 pp. Fabricius, J.C. (1787) Mantissa Insectorum sistens species nuper detectas. 348. C.G. Proft, Hafniae [= Copenhagen], 348 pp. Fakhrzadeh, N., Lotfalizadeh, H. and Mirfakhraei, S. (2019) Discovery of a rare chalcid species: Euchalcis hyalipennis Bouček (Hymenoptera: Chacididae) in Iran. Proceedings of the 3rd Iranian International Congress of Entomology, p. 141. Falahatpisheh, A., Fallahzadeh, M., Dousti, A. and Delvare, G. (2018) Review of Iranian Chalcididae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) with nomenclatural notes. Zootaxa 4394, 251–269. Farahbakhsh, G. (1961) Family Chalcididae. In: Farahbakhsh, G. (ed.) A Checklist of Economically Important Insects and Other Enemies of Plants and Agricultural Products in Iran. Department of Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture Publication, Tehran, Iran, p.124. Gauld, I.D. and Bolton, B. (1988) The Hymenoptera. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 332 pp.

87

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Ghadiri Rad, S. and Keyhanian, A.A. (2010) On-farm biology of safflower defoliator beetle, Cassidae palaestina Reiche (Col., Chrysomelidae). Proceedings of the 19th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 31 July – 3 August 2010, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, p. 570. Ghahari, H. (2018) Species diversity of the parasitoids in rice fields of northern Iran, especially parasitoids of rice stem borer. Journal of Animal Environment 9, 289–298 [in Persian, English summary]. Ghahari, H. (2019) Faunistic survey of parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera) in forest areas of Mazandaran province, northern Iran. Iranian Journal of Forest 11, 61–79. [in Persian, English summary]. Ghahari, H. and Huang, J. (2016) The species of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) from Semnan province, Iran. Wuyi Science Journal 32, 52–56. Ghahari, H. and Sakenin, H. (2018) Species diversity of Chalcidoidea and Ichneumonoidea (Hymenoptera) in some paddy fields and surrounding grasslands of Mazandaran and Guilan provinces, northern Iran. Applied Plant Protection 7, 11–19 [in Persian, English summary]. Ghahari, H. and Tabari, M. (2019) A study on the fauna of predator bugs (Heteroptera) and parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera) in paddy fields of Mazandaran. Plant and Ecosystem 59, 27–38 [in Persian, English summary]. Ghahari, H., Myartseva S.N. and Ruíz-Cancino, E. (2016) A faunistic study on some families of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) from Golestan province and vicinity, northern Iran. Folia Entomológica Mexicana 2, 10–15. Gibson, G.A.P., Huber, J.T. and Woolley, J.B. (1997) Annotated Keys to the Genera of Nearctic Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). NRC Research Press, Ottawa, Canada, xi + 794 pp. Gibson, G.A.P., Heraty, J.M. and Woolley, J.B. (1999) Phylogenetics and classification of Chalcidoidea and Mymarommatoidea – a review of current concepts (Hymenoptera, Apocrita). Zoologica Scripta 28, 87–124. Godfray, H.C.J. (1994) Parasitoids: Behavioural and Evolutionary Ecology. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 473 pp. Grissell, E.E. and Schauff, M.E. (1990) A handbook of the families of Nearctic Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 12, 22–23. Haeselbarth, E. (ed.) (1983) Determination List of Entomophagous Insects. No. 9. Bulletin 6, Section Regionale Ouest Palaearctique, Organisation Internationale de Lutte Biologique [International Organisation for Biological Control/West Palaearctic Regional Section (IOBC/WPRS)], Paris, 49 pp. Hasanshahi, G., Abbasipour, H., Jahan, F., Askew, R. and Escolà, A.R. (2013) New record of Brachymeria albicrus (Klug) (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) a pupal parasitoid of the cabbage white butterfly, Pieris rapae (Linnaeus, 1758) from Iran. Journal of Biological Control 27, 124–125.

88

Heraty, J.M., Burks, R.A., Cruaud, A. Gibson, G.A.P., Liljeblad, J. et al. (2013) A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Cladistics 29, 466–542. Herting, B. (1975) A Catalogue of Parasites and Predators of Terrestrial Arthropods. Section A. Host or prey/enemy. Vol. VI. Lepidoptera, Part 1 (Microlepidoptera). Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Farnham Royal, UK, pp. 1–72. Iqbal, T. and Inayatullah, M. (2015) Two species of genus Antrocephalus Kirby (Chalcididae: Chalcidoidea: Hymenoptera): new records for province Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 3, 295–301. Iqbal, T., Ahmad, S., Shah, M., Usman, A., Sohail, K. and Shahjeer, K. (2018) Illustrated key to the genera of family Chalcididae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from various ecological zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 20, 1049–1054. Jozeyan, A., Vafaei Shoushtari, R. and Askari, H. (2017) The survey of oak wood borer beetles and natural enemies in the forest of Ilam province. Iranian Journal of Forest and Range Protection Research 14, 107–121. Kamangar, S., Lotfalizadeh, H., Mohammadi-Khoramabadi, A. and Seyedi-Sahebari, F. (2017) Parasitoids of Tortrix viridana L. in Kurdistan province. Iranian Journal of Forest and Range Protection Research 15, 176–186 [in Persian, English summary]. Karimpour, Y. (2018) Notes on life history, host plants and parasitoids of Malacosoma castrensis L. (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) in Urmia region, Iran. Biharean Biologist 12, 79–83. Kazemi, M.H. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2014) Hockeria magna Bouček (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae): New record to Iranian chalcidid fauna. North-Western Journal of Zoology 10, 183–186. Latreille, P.A. (1817) Les Crustacés, les Arachnides et les Insectes. Le Règne Animal, distribué d’apres son Organisation, pour servir de base à l’histoire Naturelle des Animaux et d’introduction à l’anatomie Comparée 3. Paris, 473 pp. Linnaeus, C. (1761) Fauna Svecica. Editio altera, auctior. Sumtu and Literis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, lviii + 578 pp. Linnaeus, C. (1767) Systema naturae. 12a, 1(2), 533–1327. Lotfalizadeh, H. (2012) Collection and identification of some species of the genus Brachymeria (Hym.: Chalcididae) in Azarbaijan-e-Sharghi province, northwestern Iran. Journal of Field Crop Entomology 1, 37–52 [in Persian, English summary]. Lotfalizadeh, H. (2014) Preliminary faunistic study of Haltichellinae (Hym.: Chalcididae) in East-Azarbaijan province. Plant Pests Research 4, 19–30. Lotfalizadeh, H. and Jafari-Nadushan, A. (2015) New records of two rare species of the family Chalcididae

Chapter 4

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

(Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) in Iran, with data on their associations. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica 67, 297–298. Lotfalizadeh, H. and Khalghani, J. (2008) Hymenopterous parasitoids (Hym.: Chalcidoidea) of xylophagous beetles in Iran. Entomofauna 29, 249–264. Lotfalizadeh, H., Ebrahimi, E. and Delvare, G. (2012) A contribution to the knowledge of family Chalcididae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) in Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 31, 67–100. Lotfalizadeh, H., Bayegan, Z.A. and Zargaran, M.R. (2016) Species diversity of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) in the rice fields of Iran. Journal of Entomological Research Society 18, 99–111. Lotfalizadeh, H., Iranpour, A. and MohammadiKhoramabadi, A. (2019) First reports of temporally soil-dwelling Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Biharean Biologist 13, 89–93. Maadani, A. and Ladonni, H. (1993) First report on the occurrence of another pupal parasitoid of house fly and studies on its biology and mass culturing in Iran, Dirhinus himalayanus Westwood (Hym.: Chalcididae, Dirhininae). Proceedings of the 11th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 August – 2 September 1993, University of Guilan, p. 298. Marchiori, C.H., Penteado-Dias, A.M. and Tavares, M.T. (2003) Parasitoids of the family Chalcididae collected in pastures and forests using yellow traps, in Itumbiara, Goiáes Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology 63, 357–360. Masi, L. (1924) Nuove specie di Chalcis raccolte nella Persia dal March. G. Doria. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria, Genova (3), 10(50), 187–192. Masi, L. (1951) Materiali per una monografia delle Brachymeria paleartiche (Hym. Chalcidoidea). Eos. Revista Española di Entomologia, Madrid (Tomo extraordinario), pp. 27–58. Mehrnejad, M.R. (2008) The primary and secondary parasitoids of the pistachio twig borer moth, Kermania pistaciella Amsel (I). Applied Entomology and Phyto­ pathology 76, 158–159 [in Persian, English summary]. Mehrnejad, M.R. and Basirat, M. (2009) Parasitoid complex of the pistachio twig borer moth, Kermania pistaciella, in Iran. Biocontrol Science and Technology 19, 499–510. Modarres Awal, M. (1997) Family Chalcididae. In: Modarres Awal, M. (ed.) List of Agricultural Pests and their Natural Enemies in Iran. 2nd edn. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, Iran, pp. 267–268. Modarres Awal, M. (2012) Family Chalcididae. In: Modarres Awal, M. (ed.) List of Agricultural Pests and their Natural Enemies in Iran. 3rd edn. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, Iran, p. 487. Moravvej, A., Shishehbor, P. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2016) A checklist of Chalcidoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Khuzestan in southwestern Iran. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematic 2, 121–142.

Family Chalcididae Latreille, 1817

Moravvej, S.A., Lotfalizadeh, H. and Shishehbor, P. (2018) On the presence of the subfamily Epitraninae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Chalcididae) in Iran. North-Western Journal of Zoology 14, 267–268. Mozafari, M.M., Ebrahimi, E., Azimi, A.R. and Mohammadi, R. (2000) New records of two hymenopterous parasites of Caryedon prosopidis on mesquite tree in Iran. Proceedings of the 14th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 5–8 September 2000, Isfahan University of Technology, p. 122. Munro, J.B., Heraty, J.M., Burks, R.A., Hawks, D., Mottern, J. et al. (2011) A molecular phylogeny of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). PLoS ONE 6(11), e27023. Naderian, H., Ghahari, H. and Asgari, S. (2012) Species diversity of natural enemies in corn fields and surrounding grasslands of Semnan province, Iran. Calodema 217, 1–8. Narendran, T.C. and Khan, F.R. (2011) Two new species of Chalcididae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 3, 1506–1513. Narendran, T.C. and van Achterberg, C. (2016) Revision of the family Chalcididae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) from Vietnam, with the description of 13 new species. ZooKeys 576, 1–202. Nikdel, M. (2015) Complementary identification of biological control agents of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Lep.: Lymantriidae) in Arasbaran forests. Agricultural Pest Management 2, 30–38 [in Persian, English summary]. Nikdel, M. and Sadaghian, B. (2001) Biology and natural enemies of Lymantria dispar (Lep.: Lymantriidae) in Arasbaran. Journal of Agricultural and Natural Resources 1, 29–37 [in Persian, English summary]. Nikdel, M., Sadaghian, B. and Dordaei, A. (2004) Collection and identification of brown-tail moth’s natural enemies in Arasbaran forests. The Joint Agriculture and Natural Resources Symposium, Tabriz-Ganja, pp. 1–5. Nikdel, M., Sadaghian, B., Dordaei, A.A. and Askari, H. (2008) Identification, distribution and evaluation of natural enemies associated with Euproctis chrysorrhoea (Lep.: Lymantriidae) in Arasbaran forests of Iran. Iranian Journal of Forest and Range Protection Research 5, 114–125 [in Persian, English summary]. Nikol’skaya, M.N. (1952) The Chalcid Fauna of the USSR (Chalcidoidea). No. 44 in series Opredeliteli po Faune SSR [Keys to the Fauna of the USSR]. Zoologicheskim Institutom Akademii Nauk SSSR [Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR], Moscow and Leningrad, 575 pp. [in Russian] [English translation (1963), Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, 593 pp.] Nikol’skaya, M.N. (1960) Chalcididae and Leucospidae in Central Asia (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta, Akademiya Nauk SSSR [Transactions of the Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR], Leningrad 27, 220–246 [in Russian].

89

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Nobakht, Z., Karimzadeh, J., Shakaram, J. and Jafari, Sh. (2015) Identification of parasitoids of Apomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) on pomegranate in Isfahan province. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 3, 287–289. Noyes, J.S. (2019) Universal Chalcidoidea Database. Available at: www.nhm.ac.uk/chalcidoids (accessed December 2019). Rajabi, M., Madjdzadeh, S.M. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2011a) New record of Haltichella rufipes (Hym.: Chalcididae) from Iran. Entomology and Phytopathology 78, 294–295. Rajabi, M., Lotfalizadeh, H. and Madjdzadeh, S.M. (2011b) The family Chalcididae (Hym.: Chalcidoidea) from Kerman province, southeastern Iran with some new records. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica 63, 263–268. Rajabi, M., Madjdzadeh, S.M. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2011c) Comparative study of parasitoid wasps of the family Chalcididae (Hym.: Chalcidoidea) in Iran and Kerman. Proceedings of the 2nd Pest Management Conference (IPMC), pp. 362–370. Razmi, M., Karimpour, Y., Safaralizadeh, M.H. and Safavi, S.A. (2011) Parasitoid complex of Cabbage Large White butterfly Pieris brassicae (L.) (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) in Urmia with new records from Iran. Journal of Plant Protection Research 51, 248–251. Sabahi, Q. (2000) The biology of pistachio defoliator Ocneria terebinthia Stg. (Lep.: Lymanteriidae) in Fars province. Proceedings of the 14th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 5–8 September 2000, Isfahan University of Technology, p. 59. Sakenin Chelav, H., Samin, N., Myartseva, S.N., AbdRabou, S., Gençer, L. and Naderian, H. (2018) A faunistic study on Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) of Iran. Natura Somogyiensis 32, 11–20. Samin, N. (2015) A faunistic study on some families of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) from Iran. Arquivos Entomolóxicos 14, 119–124. Samin, N. and Farzaneh, M.H. (2016) A faunistic study on some families of Hymenoptera from Iran. Wuyi Science Journal 32, 44–51. Samin, N., Ruíz Cancino, E., Myartseva, S., Trjapitzin, V.A., Gençer, L. and Sakenin, H. (2019) A faunistic study of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) from Guilan province and adjacent areas, northern Iran. Entomofauna 40, 47–58. Sepehr, K. and Abai, M. (1989) Some investigations on Ocneria terebynthina Stgr. (Lep.: Lymantriidae) in Fars

90

province. Proceedings of the 9th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 9–14 September 1989, Mashhad, p. 59. Sheela, S., Narendran, T.C. and Tiwari, R.N. (2003) Contribution to the knowledge of Chalcididae of India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India 101 (Part 3–4), 247–266. Shojai, M. (1998) Entomology (Ethology Social Life and Natural Enemies) (Biological Control). 3rd vol., 3rd edn. University of Tehran Publication, Tehran, Iran, 550 pp. [in Persian]. Shojai, M., Nasrollahi, A., Labafi, Y., Azma, M., Amiri, B. et al. (1997) The biocenotic aspects of the Iranian subspecies corn stem borer, Ostrinia nubilalis persica (Lepidoptera: Pyraustididae) and its role in the increasing efficiency of Trichogramma wasps in IPM program in corn field of northern Iran. Journal of Agricultural Sciences (Islamic Azad University) 3, 5–48 [in Persian, English summary]. Shojai, M., Ostovan, H., Mojdehi, H., Zamanizadeh, H., Rahjoo, V. et al. (2001) Survival dependence of pathogenic fungus: Ophiostoma ulmi (Buisman) with its host trees, insects vectors and its role integrated pest management in preventing and controlling the Dutch elm disease. Journal of Agricultural Sciences (Islamic Azad University) 7, 1–19 [in Persian, English summary]. Steffan, J.R. (1966) Les hôtes de Lasiochalcidia MS. (Hym.: Chalcididae) de la faune de France. Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle 38, 400–408. Steffan, J.R. (1976) Les Euchalcidia Masi du basin méditerranéen (Hym.: Chalcididae). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 81(1 and 2), 52–63. Tavakoli Roodi, T., Fallahzadeh, M. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2016) Fauna of chalcid wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Chalcididae) in Hormozgan province, southern Iran. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 2, 155–166. Tudor, C. (1962) Contribution à l’étude des chalcidoïdes (Insecta-Hymenoptera) de la République Populaire Roumaine. Comunicarile Academiei Republicii Populare Române, Bucuresti 12, 63–70. Walker, F. (1862) Notes on Chalcidites, and characters of undescribed species. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 3(1), 345–397. Wijesekara, G.A.W. (1997) Phylogeny of Chalcididae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) and its congruence with contemporary hierarchical classification. Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, Vol. 29. AEI, Gainesville, Florida, 61 pp.

Chapter 4

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

 

 

Cerchysius subplanus (Dalman, 1820) – ♀ (Encyrtidae) [photo courtesy of I.E. Popescu]

Callipteroma sexguttata Motschulsky, 1863 – ♂ (Encyrtidae) [photo courtesy of I.E. Popescu]

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

5



Family Encyrtidae Walker, 1837 Emilio Guerrieri, Mohammad Hayat, Hassan Ghahari, Vladimir A. Trjapitzin, Gennaro Viggiani and Gary A.P. Gibson

Encyrtidae is the second largest family of Chalcidoidea, currently containing 4770 extant species and 11 fossil species in 488 genera that are classified in two subfamilies, the Encyrtinae and Tetracneminae (Introduction, Table I.1). Encyrtids are small insects, about 0.8–2.5 mm, but are a major component of many terrestrial ecosystems and may constitute up to 20% of all insect species (LaSalle and Gauld, 1991; Memmott et al., 1994; Japoshvili, 2016). They are characterized by the mesopleuron (= acropleuron sensu Gibson, 1986) being large and convex, without a median groove or furrow, the mid coxae being inserted anterior to the midline of the mesopleuron, the fore wing having an oblique bare band (linea calva) extending toward the stigmal vein, the marginal vein usually being very short, usually at most as long as the stigmal vein, the cercal plates usually located some distance from the apex of the gaster, and the tibial spur usually enlarged. The large, convex mesopleuron is also characteristic of Cynipencyrtidae and Tanaostigmatidae, which do not occur in Iran, as well as most Eupelmidae (excluding male Eupelminae), which do. However, eupelmids have the mid coxae inserted behind the midline of the mesopleuron, much closer to the hind coxae than the fore coxae, the marginal vein is almost always distinctly longer than the stigmal vein and very few have a linea calva. Further, eupelmids typically are more elongate-fusiform compared with encyrtids, which typically have a more compact, squat body. Because of their similarly enlarged mesopleuron, encyrtids, eupelmids, tanaostigmatids and cynipencyrtids have often been considered as closely related (Bouček, 1988). Heraty et al. (2013) referred to the group as the ‘jumpers’ because of their enhanced jumping ability, which is correlated with a greatly enlarged muscle that forms the convexly enlarged mesopleuron (Gibson, 1986, 1989). Heraty et al. (2013)

retrieved a monophyletic Encyrtidae as sister to Cynipencyrtidae, though relationships among the four taxa remain controversial (Gibson, 2009). All species of Encyrtidae are endoparasitoids and some are polyembryonic (e.g. Copidosoma Ratzeburg). The Tetracneminae include only parasitoids of mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Encyrtinae have been mainly reported as parasitoids of species in the families Coccidae, Diaspididae and less frequently of Aphidoidea and Psylloidea (Hemiptera), but the subfamily has a very broad host range that includes many insect orders, mites and ticks (Acarina), and spiders (Araneae) (Guerrieri and Noyes, 2000, 2005, 2009; Guerrieri and Viggiani, 2005; Evans and Abd-Rabou, 2013). Many species of Encyrtidae have been used successfully in various biocontrol programmes in different regions of the world (LaSalle, 1993; Noyes et al., 1997). Consequently, this family has been the focus of biocontrol specialists supported by taxonomists (Japoshvili et al., 2016b). Indeed, after Aphelinidae, Encyrtidae is the second most important family of Hymenoptera for biological control, and there are many examples of their successful use in controlling insect pests. To date more than 400 encyrtid species have been or are currently being used in the sustainable control of different crop pests (Japoshvili and Noyes, 2006; Japoshvili, 2012). The first paper on Iranian Encyrtidae was published by Kiriukhin (1947), followed by Ferrière (1961), Sabzevari (1968), Shojai (1968), and Davatchi and Shojai (1969). Contributions have resulted in the publication of over 200 papers to date (see references), including seven checklists on Iranian Encyrtidae. The first checklist was prepared by Farahbakhsh (1961), who reported eight species belonging to seven genera. Modarres Awal (1997, 2012) listed 34 and 64 species, respectively, with notes

© CAB International 2021. Chalcidoidea of Iran (Insecta: Hymenoptera) (eds. H. Ghahari, G.A.P. Gibson and G. Viggiani). DOI: 10.1079/9781789248463.0005

93

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

on their hosts and distribution in Iran, though they erroneously listed Trechnites insidiosus (Crawford) in Chalcididae. Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010) synthesized most of the published data on Iranian Encyrtidae and listed 93 species in 32 genera. Rastegar et al. (2012) raised the total number of Iranian encyrtid species to 136, which prompted a thorough revision by Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2013), who included 132 species in 45 genera, but with no data on hosts and distribution. Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017) listed 159 species in 48 genera, and most recently Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018) described three new species, reported three new country records and listed 180 species for the encyrtid fauna of Iran. Some corrections to Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018) were subsequently suggested by Fallazadeh et al. (2018). Based on our checklist, the fauna of Iranian Encyrtidae consists of 236 species (~4.9% of the world species) following our inclusion of two newly recorded species (Cheiloneurus elegans (Dalman) and Lamennaisia ambigua (Nees) (Encyrtinae)) and exclusion of five species (Table 21.2); 17 of the recorded species are currently considered as endemic to Iran (Table 21.3). The species are classified in 72 genera in two subfamilies, Encyrtinae (179 species in 49 genera) and Tetracneminae (57 species in 23 genera). However, the current number of known species undoubtedly is far from being accurate and new comprehensive collections are needed for a more complete list of species, particularly in those regions that have yet to be surveyed systematically, such as those located in the central and eastern parts of Iran. Among the recorded genera, Metaphycus Mercet, with 25 recorded species, is the most diverse, followed by Anagyrus Howard and Microterys Thomson (both with 20 species), Ooencyrtus Ashmead (11 species), Copidosoma (ten species), Blastothrix Mayr, Cheiloneurus Westwood and Homalotylus Mayr (each with nine species), Psyllaephagus Ashmead (eight species), Isodromus Howard and Syrphophagus Ashmead (both with six species), Encyrtus Latreille, Ericydnus Haliday and Leptomastix Förster (each with five species), Habrolepis Förster, Leptomastidea Mercet, Mayridia Mercet, Prochiloneurus Silvestri and Tetracnemus Westwood (each with four species), Adelencyrtus Ashmead, Bothriothorax Ratzeburg, Discodes Förster and Echthroplexiella Mercet (each with three species) and Ageniaspis Dahlbom, Anicetus Howard, Aphycus Mayr, Choreia

94

Westwood, Comperiella Howard, Gyranusoidea Compere and Trichomasthus Thomson (each with two species); all other 42 genera (58%) have only a single recorded species. If the known diversity is extended to all Iranian provinces we estimate that the number could easily exceed 500–600 species, as is also suggested by the large number of new species described in recent years. Species of Encyrtidae have been reported from all but one province (Table 21.4), with the highest diversity recorded from Fars (62 species), followed by East Azarbaijan and Mazandaran (both with 45 species), Khuzestan (35 species) and Tehran (33 species) (Fig. 5.1). However, these results are biased towards the more sampled regions in the mentioned provinces. No species have so far been recorded from Qom province, just one species from Bushehr and only two species from both of Ilam and Kuhgiloyeh & Boyerahmad. Furthermore, the exact distribution of Blastothrix turanica Sugonjaev and Copidosoma pistacinellae Hoffer is questionable, because no new findings of these species have been reported following the records of ‘Iran’ by Trjapitzin (1989). The collection of new material is necessary to even confirm the presence of these two species in Iran. A total of 245 host records in 30 families and six orders have been reported for Iranian Encyrtidae: Coleoptera (20 species in five families), Diptera (five species, all Syrphidae), Hemiptera (196 species in 11 families), Hymenoptera (three species in Braconidae and Encyrtidae), Lepidoptera (15 species in nine families) and Neuroptera (seven species, all in Chrysopidae). Among these, two families, Coccidae and Pseudococcidae (Hemiptera), with 75 and 69 host records, respectively, are the main hosts for Iranian Encyrtidae, followed by Diaspididae (19 species), Coccinellidae (14 species), Psyllidae (12 species), Chrysopidae and Pentatomidae (both with seven species), Aphididae, Gelechiidae and Syrphidae (each with five species), Curculionidae, Eriococcidae and Scutelleridae (each with three species), Braconidae, Lymantriidae and Cossidae (each with two species) and Bostrichidae, Bucculatricidae, Cerambycidae, Cerococ­cidae, Encyrtidae, Gracillaridae, Kermococcidae, Latridiidae, Liviidae, Lyonetidae, Tineidae, Tortricidae and Yponomeutidae (each with one species). Comparison of the encyrtid fauna of Iran with adjacent countries (Table 21.5) indicates that the faunas of Russia (492 species) and Turkmenistan (246

Chapter 5

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

70

62

Number of species

60 45

50 40

35

32

10

33

28

30 20

45

21

18 20 10 2

21

24

20 13

7

4

1

6

14

10 9 3

8

2 4

3

7

10

Ku hg i

lo ye h

& Ho Gu Bo rm il o a Keyer zg n ah an N r m m Si ort a a st he an r Lo nsh d n & K re ah Ba ho sta lu ras n ch a R M K es n az a e ta av za rm n i K nd an a Khhor ran uz asa es n ta n W I F es G sfa ars h Ea t A o a st za les n C ha Az rb tan ha ar aija rm ba n ah T ij al B eh an & us ran Ba he kh h A t r H rd iari am ab M ada il ar n k Q az a i Za zvin nj So a Ila n ut he Ya m rn Kh Alb zd Ko ora orz rd sa Se estan m n na n

0

Provinces of Iran Fig. 5.1.  Number of reported species of Iranian Encyrtidae by province.

species) are more diverse than Iran (236 species), followed by Armenia (174 species), Turkey (165 species), Azerbaijan (159 species), Kazakhstan (148 species), Pakistan (62 species), Saudi Arabia (47 species), Afghanistan (32 species), Iraq (seven species), United Arab Emirates (three species), Oman (two species), Kuwait (one species) and Bahrain and Qatar (no species) (Noyes, 2019). Unlike the previous families, Russia is indicated as having the most diverse fauna, which probably should be expected because it is the largest country, but the greater number of reported species undoubtedly also reflects a history of more extensive taxonomic research on Encyrtidae in that country. The much lower number of species recorded from most other countries compared with Iran probably not only reflects a smaller land area but also less comprehensive surveys in those countries. Among the adjacent countries, Russia shares 129 known species with Iran, followed by Azerbaijan (105 species), Turkey (98 species), Armenia (91 species), Turkmenistan (67 species), Kazakhstan (64 species), Pakistan (27 species), Afghanistan (17 species), Saudi Arabia (16 species), Iraq (five species), United Arab Emirates (three species) and Oman (two species).

Family Encyrtidae Walker, 1837

Checklist of Iranian ENCYRTIDAE Walker, 1837 Subfamily Tetracneminae Howard, 1892 Genus Aenasius Walker, 1846 Aenasius arizonensis (Girault, 1915) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: Bushehr, Kerman, Kuhgiloyeh & Boyerahmad (Mossadegh et al., 2013, 2015, as Aenasius bambawalei Hayat, 2009), Fars (Mossadegh et al., 2013, 2015, as A. bambawalei; Sholesadi et al., 2019), Hormozgan (Fallahzadeh et al., 2014, 2016), Khuzestan (Mossadegh et al., 2013, 2015; Moravvej et al., 2018; Tamoli Torfi et al., 2018, 2019a,b; Booshi et al., 2019, all as A. bambawalei). New material examined. Khuzestan province, Ahwaz, 2♀, 3♂, October 2014, ex Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, 1898 (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Malvaceae). General distribution: China, India, Pakistan, United States of America.

95

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Host records in Iran: Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Mossadegh et al., 2013, 2015; Joodaki et al., 2018; Moravvej et al., 2018; Tamoli Torfi et al., 2018, 2019a,b; Booshi et al., 2019; Sholesadi et al., 2019), Phenacoccus solenopsis on Abutilon hirtum (Malvaceae), Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Malvaceae) and Solanum nigrum (Solanaceae) (Fallahzadeh et al., 2014), and on Lantana sp. (Verbenaceae) (Fallahzadeh et al., 2016). Comments: The material examined from Khuzestan belongs to the collection of the Natural History Museum and was initially identified as Aenasius bambawalei Hayat after comparison with the type material of this species. However, this name is a synonym of A. arizonensis (Noyes, 2019). Genus Anagyrus Howard, 1896 Anagyrus agraensis Saraswat, 1975 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Fallahzadeh and Hesami, 2004; Hesami and Fallahzadeh, 2004a, 2005; Fallahzadeh et al., 2007, 2008a, 2011; Modarres Awal, 2012; Ebrahimi, 2014), Khuzestan (Asadeh and Mossadegh, 1991, 1993; Noyes and Hayat, 1994; Baniameri, 1996; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Baniameri and Mossadegh, 1998a,b; Dezhakam and Soleyman Nejadian, 2000; Novin et al., 2000; Soleyman Nejadiyan and Dezhakam, 2001; Mossadegh and Kocheili, 2003; Mossadegh et al., 2012, 2015; Moravvej et al., 2016), Tehran (Noyes and Hayat, 1994). General distribution: Australia, China, Guam, Hawaii, India, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Pakistan, South Africa, Thailand. Host records in Iran: Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Citrus sp. (Rutaceae) and Morus alba (Moraceae) (Asadeh and Mossadegh, 1991, 1993; Noyes and Hayat, 1994; Baniameri, 1996; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Baniameri and Mossadegh, 1998a,b; Dezhakam and Soleyman Nejadian, 2000; Novin et al., 2000; Soleyman Nejadiyan and Dezhakam, 2001; Hesami and Fallahzadeh, 2004a, 2005; Moravvej et al., 2016; Moghaddam, 2017), Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Morus alba (Fallahzadeh and Hesami, 2004; Fallahzadeh et al., 2007; Modarres Awal, 2012; Ebrahimi, 2014; Moravvej

96

et al., 2016; Moghaddam, 2017), Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on grape (Fallahzadeh et al., 2008a, 2011; Modarres Awal, 2012), Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Mossadegh et al., 2012). Comments: Crematogaster antaris Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) protects Nipaecoccus viridis against A. agraensis, and decreases the percentage of parasitism (Dezhakam and Soleyman Nejadian, 2000; Soleyman Nejadiyan and Dezhakam, 2001). Anagyrus aligarhensis Agarwal and Alam, 1959 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Hesami and Fallahzadeh, 2004a, 2005; Moravvej et al., 2016, all as Anagyrus diversicornis Mercet, 1921), Kerman (Abd-Rabou et al., 2011), Kermanshah (Ghahari et al., 2010), Khuzestan (Asadeh and Mosadegh, 1991, 1993; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Novin et al., 2000; Mossadegh and Kocheili, 2003; Mossadegh et al., 2012, 2015; Moravvej et al., 2016, all as A. diversicornis; Moravvej et al., 2018; Tamoli Torfi et al., 2019a), Tehran (Noyes and Hayat, 1994; Moravvej et al., 2016, as A. diversicornis). General distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Italy, Madeira, Mexico, Moldova, Nepal, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, Turkey, Turkmenistan, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Citrus sp. (Rutaceae) and Morus alba (Moraceae) (Asadeh and Mossadegh, 1991, 1993; Noyes and Hayat, 1994; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Novin et al., 2000; Hesami and Fallahzadeh, 2004a, 2005; Moravvej et al., 2016, 2018), Phenacoccus pumilus Kiritshenko (Ghahari et al., 2010) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), Phenacoccus sp. on Eryngium maritimum (Apiaceae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2011), Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Mossadegh et al., 2012; Tamoli Torfi et al., 2019a). Comments: See comments for Anagyrus diversicornis (Howard). Anagyrus archangelskayae Trjapitzin, 1972 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, as Anagyrus matritensis (Mercet,

Chapter 5

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

1921) [misidentification], 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Fallahzadeh et al., 2006b, as Anagyrus orbitalis (Ruschka, 1923); Fallahzadeh et al., 2016). General distribution: Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. Host records in Iran: Peliococcus kimmericus (Kiritshenko) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Lactuca serriola (Asteraceae) (Fallahzadeh et al., 2006b; Fallahzadeh et al., 2016). Comments: Fallahzadeh et al. (2016) stated that the previous report of Anagyrus orbitalis (Ruschka) from southern Iran by Fallahzadeh et al. (2006b) was a misidentification of Anagyrus archangelskayae. We therefore transfer the distribution and host data listed under A. orbitalis by Fallahzadeh et al. (2006b) to A. archangelskayae. Anagyrus orbitalis is a synonym of A. matritensis (Mercet). Anagyrus belibus (Walker, 1837) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Sakenin et al., 2018). General distribution: Azerbaijan, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Lithuania, Madeira, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Pseudococcus maritimus (Ehrhorn) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Vitis vinifera (Vitaceae) (Sakenin et al., 2018). Anagyrus bohemanni (Westwood, 1837) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Samin et al., 2018). General distribution: Austria, Azerbaijan, Czech Republic, France, Hungary, Israel, Madeira, Morocco, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Phenacoccus aceris (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Samin et al., 2018). Comments: Noyes (2019) listed India also for A. bohemani, but this species so far has not been recorded from India (Samin et al., 2018). Anagyrus dactylopii (Howard, 1898) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019).

Family Encyrtidae Walker, 1837

Distribution in Iran: Fars (Fallahzadeh and Hesami, 2004; Hesami and Fallahzadeh, 2004a, 2005; Fallahzadeh, et al., 2007, 2008a, 2011; Modarres Awal, 2012; Ghajarieh et al., 2014; Ebrahimi, 2014; Moravvej et al., 2016), Khuzestan (Asadeh and Mossadegh, 1991, 1993; Noyes and Hayat, 1994; Baniameri, 1996; Mossadegh and Baniameri, 1996; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Baniameri and Mossadegh, 1998a; Dezhakam and Soleyman Nejadian, 2000; Novin et al., 2000; Soleyman Nejadiyan and Dezhakam, 2001; Mossadegh and Kocheili, 2003; Mossadegh et al., 2012, 2015; Moravvej et al., 2016; Tamoli Torfi et al., 2019a), Kordestan (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005), Mazandaran (Maafi et al., 1998; Modarres Awal, 2012; Moravvej et al., 2016), Tehran (Noyes and Hayat, 1994; Moravvej et al., 2016), Iran (no specific locality) (Andreason et al., 2019). General distribution: Australia, Barbados, China, Fiji, Hawaii, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Oman, Peru, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey. Host records in Iran: Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Citrus sp. (Rutaceae) and Morus alba (Moraceae) (Asadeh and Mossadegh, 1991, 1993; Noyes and Hayat, 1994; Baniameri, 1996; Baniameri and Mossadegh, 1998a; Dezhakam and Soleyman Nejadian, 2000; Novin et al., 2000; Soleyman Nejadiyan and Dezhakam, 2001; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005; Hesami and Fallahzadeh, 2004a, 2005; Modarres Awal, 2012; Ghajarieh et al., 2014; Moravvej et al., 2016; Moghaddam, 2017), Planococcus citri (Rissio) on Citrus sp. (Maafi et al., 1998; Modarres Awal, 2012; Moravvej et al., 2016), Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Morus alba (Fallahzadeh and Hesami, 2004; Fallahzadeh et al., 2007; Modarres Awal, 2012; Ebrahimi, 2014; Moravvej et al., 2016; Moghaddam, 2017), Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on grape (Fallahzadeh et al., 2008a, 2011; Modarres Awal, 2012), Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Mossadegh et al., 2012; Tamoli Torfi et al., 2019a). Comments: Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2005) recorded Marietta picta (André) (Aphelinidae) as a hyperparasitoid of A. dactylopii. Crematogaster antaris Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) protects Nipaecoccus viridis against A. dactylopii and decreases the percentage of parasitism (Dezhakam and Soleyman Nejadian, 2000; Soleyman Nejadiyan and Dezhakam, 2001).

97

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Anagyrus diversicornis (Howard, 1894) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017). Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2016 – in rice field). General distribution: Argentina, Bangladesh, Barbados, Benin, Brazil, Burundi, Chile, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Dominica, Guiana, Guadeloupe, India, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Paraguay, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, United Kingdom, United States of America, Zambia. Comments: Modarres Awal (1997, 2012) recorded Anagyrus diversicornis Mercet, 1921 from Iran; however, A. diversicornis Mercet is preoccupied by Anagyrus diversicornis (Howard, 1894) and the valid name for A. diversicornis Mercet is Anagyrus aligarhensis Agarwal and Alam, 1959 (Hayat, 2003; Noyes, 2019). Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017) listed both A. diversicornis (Howard) (citing Lotfalizadeh et al., 2016) and A. aligarhensis (citing several references) from Iran. Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018) subsequently incorrectly stated that Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017) listed A. diversicornis Mercet, rather than A. diversicornis (Howard), though they did correctly note the synonymy of the former name under A. aligarhensis. Because Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017) actually reported both A. diversicornis (Howard) and A. aligarhensis from Iran, we also include both names in our checklist. However, A. diversicornis (Howard) was described from the island of St Vincent and is primarily New World in distribution, and although Manickavasagam et al. (2001) reported it also from India the records of A. diversicornis (Howard) in Iran require confirmation. Anagyrus fusciventris (Girault, 1915) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Fallahzadeh et al., 2009). General distribution: Australia, Brazil, China, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ghana, Hawaii, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Italy, New Zealand, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Althaea sp. (Malvaceae) (Fallahzadeh et al., 2009; Moghaddam, 2017).

98

Anagyrus kamali Moursi, 1948 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Fallahzadeh et al., 2007), Khuzestan (Mossadegh et al., 2015; Moravvej et al., 2018), Iran (no specific locality) (Andreason et al., 2019). General distribution: Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Colombia, Egypt, Hawaii, India, Indonesia, Iran, Jordan, Pakistan, Puerto Rico, St Lucia, Sri Lanka, Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Morus alba (Moraceae) (Fallahzadeh et al., 2007). Anagyrus kilinceri Japoshvili, 2010 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Razavi Khorasan (Nazari et al., 2018). General distribution: Turkey. Host records in Iran: Peliococcus kimmericus (Kiritshenko) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Nazari et al., 2018). Anagyrus matritensis (Mercet, 1921) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Abd-Rabou et al., 2011), Fars (Fallahzadeh et al., 2010b; Modarres Awal, 2012, as Anagyrus orbitalis (Ruschka, 1923)). New material examined. West Azarbaijan province, Oshnavieh (Shahvaneh), 2♀, July 2011, ex Peliococcus kimmericus (Kiritchenko, 1940) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Lactuca serriola (Asteraceae). General distribution: Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, China, Croatia, former Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Mongolia, Romania, Russia, Spain, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Chorizococcus viticola Kaydan and Kozár (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Vitis vinifera (Vitaceae) (Fallahzadeh et al., 2010b), Peliococcus kimmericus (Kiritshenko) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Modarres Awal, 2012). Anagyrus mirzai Agarwal and Alam, 1959 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019).

Chapter 5

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Distribution in Iran: Fars (Fallahzadeh and Hesami, 2004; Hesami and Fallahzadeh, 2005; Fallahzadeh et al., 2007, 2008a, 2011; Modarres Awal, 2012; Ebrahimi, 2014; Moravvej et al., 2016), Khuzestan (Novin, 2000; Mossadegh et al., 2015; Moravvej et al., 2016, 2018). General distribution: Bangladesh, Congo, Gabon, India, Iran, Jordan, Malawi, Pakistan, South Africa. Host records in Iran: Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Citrus sp. (Rutaceae) (Novin, 2000; Hesami and Fallahzadeh, 2005; Moravvej et al., 2016; Moghaddam, 2017), Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Morus alba (Moraceae) (Fallahzadeh and Hesami, 2004; Fallahzadeh et al., 2007; Modarres Awal, 2012; Ebrahimi, 2014; Moravvej et al., 2016), Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on grape (Fallahzadeh et al., 2008a, 2011; Modarres Awal, 2012). Comments: Some biological characteristics of A. mirzai were studied by Fallahzadeh and Saghaei (2012) on Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) under laboratory conditions. Anagyrus novickyi Hoffer, 1953 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Jafari et al., 2014, 2015). General distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, former Czechoslovakia, Finland, Georgia, Iran, Moldova, Slovakia, Spain, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Pseudococcus comstocki (Kuwana) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Jafari et al., 2014, 2015). Anagyrus osmoi Guerrieri and Ghahari, 2018 Catalogues with Iranian records: Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: Khuzestan (Guerrieri and Ghahari, 2018). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Host records in Iran: Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Hibiscus rosasinensis (Malvaceae) (Guerrieri and Ghahari, 2018). Anagyrus planococci Japoshvili and Fallahzadeh, 2018 Catalogues with Iranian records: None.

Family Encyrtidae Walker, 1837

Distribution in Iran: Fars (Japoshvili and Fallahzadeh, 2018). General distribution: Iran (Japoshvili and Fallahzadeh, 2018). Host records in Iran: Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Vitis vinifera (Vitaceae) (Japoshvili and Fallahzadeh, 2018). Anagyrus pseudococci (Girault, 1915) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005), East Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al., 2010), Fars (Khalaf and Aberoumand, 1989; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Lotfalizadeh and Ahmadi, 2000; Xu and Lotfalizadeh, 2000; Fallahzadeh and Hesami, 2004; Hesami and Fallahzadeh, 2004a, 2005; Fallahzadeh et al., 2007, 2008a, 2011; Ghanbari et al., 2012; Ghajarieh et al., 2014), Kermanshah (Jalilvand et al., 2014), Mazandaran, Sistan & Baluchestan (Ebrahimi, 2014), Tehran (Shojai, 1968, 1998; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Talebi et al., 2008), Iran (no specific locality) (OILB, 1971). General distribution: Argentina, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Brazil, Chile, China, Congo, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, France, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Guyana, Hawaii, Hungary, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Kenya, Mexico, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, Portugal, Russia, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Planococcus citri (Rissio) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Ficus carica (Moraceae) and Vitis vinifera (Vitaceae) (Shojai, 1968, 1998; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Jalilvand et al., 2014; Ebrahimi, 2014), Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Citrus sp. (Rutaceae) (Khalaf and Aberoumand, 1989; Hesami and Fallahzadeh, 2004a, 2005; Ghajarieh et al., 2014; Jalilvand et al., 2014), Planococcus vovae (Nasonov) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on cypress tree (Hesperocyparis arizonica (Greene)) (Cupressaceae) (Lotfalizadeh and Ahmadi, 2000; Talebi et al., 2008; Jalilvand et al., 2014), Planococcus sp. (Ghahari et al., 2010), Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Morus

99

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

alba (Moraceae) (Fallahzadeh and Hesami, 2004; Fallahzadeh et al., 2007; Modarres Awal, 2012; Jalilvand et al., 2014), Pseudococcus filamentosus (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on grape (Fallahzadeh et al., 2008a, 2011; Modarres Awal, 2012), Pseudococcus viburni Signoret (as Pseudococcus affinis Maskell) (Hemiptera: Pseudociccidae) (Modarres Awal, 2012), Trabutina crassispinosa (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Tamarix sp. (Tamaricaceae) (Jalilvand et al., 2014). Comments: Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2005) recorded Chartocerus rosanovi Sugonjaev, 1968 (as Chartocerus corvinus (Girault) – misidentification) (Signiphoridae) as a hyperparasitoid of Anagyrus pseudococci. Anagyrus saccharicola Timberlake, 1932 Catalogues with Iranian records: Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Guerrieri and Ghahari, 2018). General distribution: Afghanistan, Australia, Barbados, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Egypt, Fiji, Guyana, Hawaii, India, Jamaica, Japan, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru, Philippines, South Africa, Taiwan, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, United States of America, Venezuela. Host records in Iran: Pseudococcus maritimus (Ehrhorn) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Euonymus sp. (Celastraceae) (Guerrieri and Ghahari, 2018). Anagyrus schoenherri (Westwood, 1837) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Caspian Sea area (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Hamadan (Ghahari et al., 2010), Markazi (Rajabi, 1989; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Mazandaran (AbdRabou et al., 2011), Tehran (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Rajabi, 1989; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; AbdRabou and Ghahari, 2005), Iran (no specific locality) (Kiriukhin, 1947; Herting, 1972; Trjapitzin, 1978, 1989; Noyes and Hayat, 1994). General distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Japan, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia,

100

Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Eulecanium tiliae (L.) (as E. coryli (L.)) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Farahbakhsh, 1961), E. tiliae, Pulvinaria vitis (L.) (as Pulvinaria betulae Signoret) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Rosaceae fruit trees (Herting, 1972; Rajabi, 1989; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Phenacoccus aceris (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Kiriukhin, 1947; Farahbakhsh, 1961; Herting, 1972; Trjapitzin, 1978, 1989; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Ghahari et al., 2010), Anarsia lineatella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), Planococcus citri Risso (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), Pulvinaria betulae (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012). Comments: Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2005) recorded Chartocerus subaeneus (Förster, 1878) (Signiphoridae) as a hyperparasitoid of A. schoenherri. Anagyrus securicornis Domenichini, 1953 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: Razavi Khorasan (Nazari et al., 2014). General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Peliococcus kimmericus (Kiritchenko) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Lactuca serriola (Asteraceae) (Nazari et al., 2014). Anagyrus vladimiri Triapitsyn, 2019 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Northern Khorasan (AbdRabou et al., 2019). General distribution: Israel, Italy, Russia, Spain, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, United States of America. Anagyrus spp. Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Yazdani and Rajabi, 1993), Khuzestan (Mossadegh and Kocheili, 2003; Alizadeh et al., 2013; Moravvej et al., 2016). Host records in Iran: Anapulvinaria pistaciae (Bodenheimer) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) and Eulecanium rugulosum (Archangelskaya) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Pistacia vera (Anacardiaceae) (Yazdani and Rajabi, 1993), Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Alizadeh et al., 2013).

Chapter 5

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Genus Anusia Förster, 1856 Anusia nasicornis Förster, 1860 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Ghahari, 2019a). General distribution: Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Transcaucasus, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia. Genus Apoleptomastix Kerrich, 1982 Apoleptomastix bicoloricornis (Girault, 1915) Catalogues with Iranian records: Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: Khuzestan (Moravvej et al., 2018). General distribution: Australia, Bangladesh, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gambia, India, Indonesia, Namibia, Nepal, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Tajikistan, Thailand, Vietnam, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Apoleptomastix sp. Distribution in Iran: Khuzestan (Moravvej et al., 2018). Comments: Moravvej et al. (2018) stated that the specimens represent a distinct new species; awaiting description.

Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Alizadeh and Lotfalizadeh, 2018). General distribution: Armenia, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, China, Croatia, former Czechoslovakia, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Moldova, Mongolia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Portugal, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Genus Charitopsis Trjapitzin, 1969 Charitopsis sp. Distribution in Iran: Razavi Khorasan (Nazari et al., 2014). Host records in Iran: Peliococcus kimmericus (Kiritshenko) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Lactuca serriola (Asteraceae) (Nazari et al., 2014). Comments: Charitopsis includes only one species, C. laticornis (Trjapitzin, 1964), known from Kazakhstan, Russia and Ukraine (Noyes, 2019). Therefore, the recorded species from Iran by Nazari et al. (2014) is either this species, a new species or a misidentification.

Genus Charitopus Förster, 1856 Genus Blepyrus Howard, 1898 Blepyrus insularis (Cameron, 1886) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Ghahari, 2019a). General distribution: Australia, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Cape Verde Islands, China, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Egypt, Gambia, Ghana, GuineaBissau, Guyana, Hawaii, India, Israel, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mexico, Micronesia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Planococcus citri (Rissio) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Ghahari, 2019a). Genus Callipteroma Motschulsky, 1863 Callipteroma sexguttata Motschulsky, 1863 Catalogues with Iranian records: None.

Family Encyrtidae Walker, 1837

Charitopus fulviventris Förster, 1860 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Ghahari and Sakenin, 2018). General distribution: Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Hungary, India, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Mongolia, Norway, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Tajikistan, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, former USSR. Charitopus sp. Distribution in Iran: Razavi Khorasan (Nazari et al., 2018). Host records in Iran: Peliococcus kimmericus (Kiritshenko) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Nazari et al., 2018).

101

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Genus Clausenia Ishii, 1923 Clausenia purpurea Ishii, 1923 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Feli Kohikheili et al., 2015). General distribution: Canada, China, Hawaii, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, Paraguay, Syria, Taiwan, United States of America, former USSR, Uzbekistan. Host records in Iran: Planococcus citri (Rissio) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Citrus aurantum (Rutaceae) (Feli Kohikheili et al., 2015). Genus Coccidoxenoides Girault, 1915 Coccidoxenoides perminutus Girault, 1915 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Jafari et al., 2015), Fars (Lotfalizadeh, 2010b), Isfahan (Ghahari et al., 2010), Kermanshah (Jalilvand et al., 2013, 2014), Mazandaran (Abd-Rabou et al., 2011; Ghahari, 2019a), Tehran (Talebi et al., 2008; Lotfalizadeh, 2010b). General distribution: Australia, Bermuda, Chile, China, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Fiji, French Polynesia, Ghana, Hawaii, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madeira, Mexico, New Caledonia, Nicaragua, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, South Africa, Uganda, United Kingdom, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Planococcus vovae (Nasonov) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on cypress tree and Juniperus sp. (Cupressaceae) (Talebi et al., 2008; Ghahari et al., 2010; Lotfalizadeh 2010b; AbdRabou et al., 2011; Jalilvand et al., 2014; Ghahari, 2019a), Gossyparia spuria (Modeer) (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae) on Ulmus sp. (Ulmaceae) (Jalilvand et al., 2013), Pseudococcus comstocki (Kuwana) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Jafari et al., 2015). Genus Dinocarsiella Mercet, 1921 Dinocarsiella alpina (Girault, 1917) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Khuzestan (Abd-Rabou et al., 2019). General distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Hungary, Italy,

102

Kazakhstan, Moldova, Mongolia, Portugal, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Transcaucasus, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, former USSR, Uzbekistan. Genus Dinocarsis Förster, 1856 Dinocarsis hemiptera (Dalman, 1820) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Khuzestan (Sakenin et al., 2019). General distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Mongolia, Netherlands, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom. Genus Dusmetia Mercet, 1921 Dusmetia fuscipennis (Noyes and Hayat, 1984) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Lotfalizadeh and Ahmadi, 2000; Xu and Lotfalizadeh, 2000). General distribution: India, Iran, Zimbabwe. Host records in Iran: Planococcus sp. (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Cupressus sempervirens (Cupressaceae) (Xu and Lotfalizadeh, 2000), Planococcus vovae (Nasonov) on cypress tree (Cupressaceae) (Lotfalizadeh and Ahmadi, 2000). Genus Ericydnus Haliday, 1832 Ericydnus aeneus Nikol’skaya, 1952 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Zanjan (Sakenin et al., 2019). General distribution: Azerbaijan, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Turkey, Uzbekistan. Ericydnus apterogenes Mayr, 1876 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Samin et al., 2019). General distribution: Austria, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Germany, Norway, Romania, Slovakia, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom. Ericydnus caudatus Erdős, 1957 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Samin et al., 2018). General distribution: Armenia, former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine.

Chapter 5

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Ericydnus robustior Mercet, 1921 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al., 2010), Golestan (Ghahari et al., 2013), Khuzesatn (Moravvej et al., 2018), Southern Khorasan (Abd-Rabou et al., 2011). General distribution: Azerbaijan, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Germany, Montenegro, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Peliococcopsis sp. (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Convolvulus arvensis (Convolvulaceae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2011). Ericydnus sipylus (Walker, 1837) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Samin et al., 2018). General distribution: Austria, Azerbaijan, Croatia, Czech Republic, England, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Madeira, Mongolia, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Phenacoccus sp. (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Samin et al., 2018). Genus Gyranusoidea Compere, 1947 Gyranusoidea indica Shafee, Alam and Agarwal, 1975 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Fallahzadeh et al., 2009). General distribution: Australia, Bahamas, Belize, Caribbean, Colombia, Egypt, Grenada, Guyana, India, Iran, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Larva of Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) in colony of Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Citrus sp. (Rutaceae), larva of Exochomus nigripennis (Erichson) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) (unusual host) in colony of Nipaecoccus viridis on Citrus sp. (Fallahzadeh et al., 2009), Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Morus alba (Moraceae) (Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili, 2010; Moghaddam, 2017). Gyranusoidea iranica Japoshvili and Fallahzadeh, 2010 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019).

Family Encyrtidae Walker, 1837

Distribution in Iran: Fars (Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili, 2010). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Host records in Iran: Chorizococcus sp. (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on grape (Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili, 2010). Genus Leptomastidea Mercet, 1916 Leptomastidea abnormis (Girault, 1915) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Fallahzadeh et al., 2009), Kermanshah (Jalilvand et al., 2014), West Azarbaijan (Ghahari and Abd-Rabou, 2012). General distribution: Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bermuda, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Dominica, Egypt, Ethiopia, France, Georgia, Ghana, Greece, Hawaii, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Mexico, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Peru, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, former USSR, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on grape (Fallahzadeh et al., 2009), Saissetia oleae (Olivier) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Ghahari and Abd-Rabou, 2012), Planococcus vovae (Nasonov) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Cupressus arizonica (Cupressaceae) (Jalilvand et al., 2014). Leptomastidea alleni Noyes and Hayat, 1994 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Fallahzadeh et al., 2008b; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Iran, Thailand. Host records in Iran: Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Citrus sinensis, C. aurantium (Rutaceae) and Althaea sp. (Malvaceae), Planococcus vovae (Nasonov) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Cupressus sp. (Cupressaceae) (Fallahzadeh et al., 2008b), parasitoid of Pseudococcidae species (Modarres Awal, 2012). Comments: Leptomastidea alleni is otherwise known only from Thailand; its presence in Iran is doubtful and needs confirmation.

103

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Leptomastidea bifasciata (Mayr, 1876) Catalogues with Iranian records: Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: Khuzestan (Moravvej et al., 2018). General distribution: Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, England, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Japan, Moldova, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia. Leptomastidea matritensis Mercet, 1916 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Abd-Rabou et al., 2011), Kermanshah (Ghahari et al., 2010). General distribution: Algeria, Croatia, Italy, Spain, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Planococcus vovae (Nasonov) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Juniperus sp. (Cupressaceae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2011). Genus Leptomastix Förster, 1856 Leptomastix dactylopii Howard, 1885 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Fallahzadeh et al., 2008a, 2011; Modarres Awal, 2012), Kermanshah (Jalilvand et al., 2014). General distribution: Australia, Barbados, Belgium, Benin, Brazil, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, France, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guyana, Hawaii, Honduras, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, Netherlands, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, Tanzania, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Host records in Iran: Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on grape (Fallahzadeh et al., 2008a, 2011; Modarres

104

Awal, 2012), Phenacoccus sp. (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Euphorbia helioscopia (Euphorbiaceae) (Jalilvand et al., 2014). Leptomastix flava Mercet, 1921 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Abd-Rabou et al., 2011), Fars (Fallahzadeh et al., 2008a, 2011; Modarres Awal, 2012), Hormozgan (Fallahzadeh et al., 2016), Isfahan (Rajabi, 1989; Behdad, 1991, as Leptomastix flavus Mercet, 1921; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Ghahari et al., 2010), Kerman (Yazdani and Rajabi, 1993, as L. flavus), Razavi Khorasan (Nazari et al., 2014, 2018), Tehran (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Rajabi, 1989; Behdad, 1991; Modarres Awal, 1997, as L. flavus; Modarres Awal, 2012), West Azarbaijan (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005, as L. flavus), Iran (no specific locality) (Kiriukhin, 1947, as L. flavus). General distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Croatia, Egypt, Georgia, Iran, Israel, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Spain, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United States of America, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Phenacoccus aceris (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Rosaceae fruit trees (Kiriukhin, 1947; Farahbakhsh, 1961; Rajabi, 1989; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Planococcus citri Risso (as Pseudococcus citri (Risso)) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Eulecanium rugulosum (Archangelskaya) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Pistacia vera (Anacardiaceae) (Yazdani and Rajabi, 1993; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Pseudococcus viburni Signoret (as Pseudococcus affinis Maskell) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005), Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on grape (Fallahzadeh et al., 2008a, 2011; Modarres Awal, 2012), Peliococcus kimmericus (Kiritshenko) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Lactuca serriola (Nazari et al., 2014, 2018), Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Solanum tuberosum (Solanaceae), Hibiscus rosasinensis (Malvaceae), Sesamum indicum (Pedaliaceae) and Abutilon indicum (Malvaceae) (Fallahzadeh et al., 2016). Comments: The species name Leptomastix ava Mercet given in the publications of Ghahari et al. (2010) and Abd-Rabou et al. (2011) is a misspelling

Chapter 5

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

of L. flava  Mercet (Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili, 2013). Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2005) recorded Signiphora merceti Malenotti, 1916 (as Signiphora coleoptratus Kerrich, 1953 – misidentification) (Signiphoridae) as a hyperparasitoid of L. flava. Leptomastix longicornis Khan and Shafee, 1975 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Fallahzadeh et al., 2014). General distribution: India. Host records in Iran: Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Citrus sp. (Rutaceae) (Fallahzadeh et al., 2014). Leptomastix mayri Ozdikmen, 2011 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017, as Leptomastix histrio Mayr, 1876), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018, as L. histrio). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Fallahzadeh et al., 2006b; Modarres Awal, 2012, all as Leptomastix histrio Mayr, 1876), Kermanshah (Jalilvand et al., 2014, as L. histrio), Khuzestan (Tamoli Torfi et al., 2019a). General distribution: Germany. Host records in Iran: Peliococcus kimmericus (Kiritshenko) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Lactuca serriola (Asteraceae) (Fallahzadeh et al., 2006b), Chorizococcus sp. (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Lactuca serriola and Populus trichocarpa (Salicaceae) (Jalilvand et al., 2014), parasitoid of mealybugs (Modarres Awal, 2012), Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Tamoli Torfi et al., 2019a). Leptomastix nigrocoxalis Compere, 1928 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Ghajarieh et al., 2014). General distribution: Egypt, India, Indonesia, Jordan, Madagascar, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan. Host records in Iran: Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Ghajarieh et al., 2014). Leptomastix sp. Distribution in Iran: Khuzestan (Moravvej et al., 2018). Genus Monodiscodes Hoffer, 1953 Monodiscodes intermedius (Mayr, 1876) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018).

Family Encyrtidae Walker, 1837

Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan (Ghahari and Abd-Rabou, 2012; Rastegar et al., 2012). General distribution: Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia. Genus Monstranusia Trjapitzin, 1964 Monstranusia mirabilissima Trjapitzin, 1964 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Razavi Khorasan (Samin, 2015, as Monstranusia antennata (Narayanan, 1960) – misidentification). General distribution: Afghanistan, Algeria, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Pakistan, Russia, Serbia, South Africa, Spain, Tajikistan, United Arab Emirates, former Yugoslavia. Genus Paranathrix Myartseva, 1980 Paranathrix acanthococci (Myartseva, 1977) Catalogues with Iranian records: Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: Hormozgan (Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili, 2010, as Paranathrix tachikawai (Shafee, Alam and Agarwal, 1975) – misidentification; Guerrieri and Ghahari, 2018). General distribution: Turkmenistan. Host records in Iran: Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Althea sp. (Malvaceae) (Guerrieri and Ghahari, 2018). Genus Rhopus Förster, 1856 Rhopus nigroclavatus (Ashmead, 1902) Catalogues with Iranian records: Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: Khuzestan (Moravvej et al., 2018), Lorestan (Ghahari et al., 2013, as Rhopus acaetes (Walker, 1844) – misidentification). General distribution: Australia, Bangladesh, Costa Rica, Egypt, Hawaii, India, Jamaica, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Spain, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Peliococcopsis priesneri (Laing) (as Peliococcopsis caucasicus (Borchsenius)) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Cynodon dactylon (Poaceae) (Ghahari et al., 2013).

105

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Genus Tetracnemoidea Howard, 1898 Tetracnemoidea peregrina (Compere, 1939) Catalogues with Iranian records: Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: Isfahan (Abd-Rabou et al., 2011). General distribution: Argentina, Australia, Bermuda, Brazil, France, Georgia, Ghana, Hawaii, Israel, Italy, Madeira, New Zealand, South Africa, Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Phenacoccus bicerarius Borchsenius (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Ajuga gorganica (Lamiaceae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2011). Comments: Abd-Rabou et al. (2011) reported an unknown species of Tetracnemoidea from Isfahan as a parasitoid of Phenacoccus bicerarius which was later determined to be T. peregrina. Genus Tetracnemus Westwood, 1837 Tetracnemus bifasciatellus (Mercet, 1919) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Samin et al., 2019). General distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Russia, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden. Host records in Iran: Pseudococcus filamentosus (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Samin et al., 2019). Tetracnemus diversicornis (Mercet, 1923) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh, 2010b). General distribution: Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Kazakhstan, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom. Tetracnemus heydeni (Mayr, 1876) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: Isfahan, Lorestan (Ghahari et al., 2013), West Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al., 2010). General distribution: Austria, Azerbaijan, Czech Republic, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Mongolia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Turkey, former Yugoslavia. Tetracnemus peliococci Myartseva, 1979 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018).

106

Distribution in Iran: Fars (Fallahzadeh et al., 2014, swept on Medicago sativa (Fabaceae)). General distribution: Georgia, Turkmenistan. Subfamily Encyrtinae Walker, 1837 Genus Adelencyrtus Ashmead, 1900 Adelencyrtus aulacaspidis (Brèthes, 1914) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Northern Khorasan (Samin et al., 2018). General distribution: Argentina, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Chile, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, India, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Madagascar, Moldova, New Zealand, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Aulacaspis rosae (Bouché) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Samin et al., 2018). Adelencyrtus brachycaudae Xu and Shi, 1999 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Feli Kohikheili et al., 2015). General distribution: China. Host records in Iran: Chionaspis salicis (L.) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on Salix acmophylla (Salicaceae) (Feli Kohikheili et al., 2015). Comments: Adelencyrtus brachycaudae is restricted to China and its presence in Iran needs confirmation. Adelencyrtus intersectus (Fonscolombe, 1832) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, as Epitetracnemus intersectus (Fonscolombe, 1832)), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2014, as Epitetracnemus intersectus (Fonscolombe, 1832)), Kerman (Yazdani and Rajabi, 1993, as Anabrolepis zetterstedtii (Westwood, 1837)), Lorestan (Golpayegani et al., 2010a; Lotfalizadeh 2010b, both as E. intersectus), Markazi (Golpayegani et al., 2010a, as E. intersectus), Tehran (Shojai, 1998; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012, both as A. zetterstedtii), Zanjan (Ghahari and Abd-Rabou, 2012, as E. intersectus). General distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Croatia, Czech Republic,

Chapter 5

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Hawaii, Hungary, India, Iran, Italy, Japan, Moldova, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Lepidosaphes ulmi (L.) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Golpayegani et al., 2010a; Lotfalizadeh, 2010b; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2014), soft scales (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012) on Prunus sp. and Pistacia vera (Anacardiaceae) (Yazdani and Rajabi, 1993), Ceroplastes sp. (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Ghahari and Abd-Rabou, 2012), Lepidosaphes malicola Borchsenius (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2014). Genus Ageniaspis Dahlbom, 1857 Ageniaspis fuscicollis (Dalman, 1820) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan, Hamadan, Markazi, Tehran, Zanjan (Safaralizadeh, 1984; Rajabi, 1989; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012, as Encyrtus fuscicollis Dalman, 1820), Guilan (Ghahari et al., 2010), Razavi Khorasan, West Azarbaijan (Shojai et al., 2000, 2002, as E. fuscicollis), Iran (no specific locality) (Trjapitzin, 1978, 1989; Esmaili, 2011). General distribution: Argentina, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Croatia, former Czechoslovakia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Korea, Lebanon, Lithuania, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Yponomeuta (as Hyponomeuta Billberg) malinellus (Zeller), Yponomeuta padellus (L.) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) on fruit trees (Rosaceae), Yponomeuta rorella Hübner on Salix sp. (Salicaceae) (Safaralizadeh, 1984; Rajabi, 1989; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai et al., 2000, 2002; Esmaili, 2011), Lyonetia clerkella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae) (Shojai et al., 2000, 2002).

Family Encyrtidae Walker, 1837

Ageniaspis testaceipes (Ratzeburg, 1848) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Shojai, 1968, 1998; Davatchi and Shojai, 1969), Razavi Khorasan (Shojai et al., 2000, 2002), Tehran (Behdad, 1991; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), West Azarbaijan (Shojai et al., 2000, 2002; Sadeghi et al., 2012), Iran (no specific locality) (Trjapitzin, 1989). General distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, China, former Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Japan, Kirgizia, Lithuania, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, North Korea, Poland, Romania, Russia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Phyllonorycter platani (Staudinger) (as Lithocolletis platani Staudinger) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) on Platanus orientalis (Platanaceae) (Shojai, 1968, 1998; Davatchi and Shojai, 1969; Trjapitzin, 1989; Behdad, 1991; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Leucoptera scitella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Lyonetidae) (Shojai et al., 2000, 2002), Leucoptera malifoliella (Costa) on apple, Phyllonorycter populifoliella (Treitschke) on poplar (Sadeghi et al., 2012). Genus Anicetus Howard, 1896 Anicetus annulatus Timberlake, 1919 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Samin et al., 2019). General distribution: Albania, Australia, Bermuda, China, Colombia, Croatia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Hawaii, Honduras, India, Jamaica, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Taiwan, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Saissetia oleae (Olivier) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Samin et al., 2019). Anicetus italicus (Masi, 1917) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Fallahzadeh et al., 2010a). General distribution: Albania, Algeria, Cyprus, Egypt, France, Greece, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Montenegro, Turkey, former Yugoslavia, Zimbabwe.

107

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Host records in Iran: Ceroplastes rusci (L.) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Ficus carica (Moraceae) (Fallahzadeh et al., 2010a). Genus Aphycoides Mercet, 1921 Aphycoides clavellatus (Dalman, 1820) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Sakenin et al., 2008), Isfahan (Ghahari et al., 2010, 2013). General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Eulecanium sp. (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Fraxinus sp. (Oleaceae) (Ghahari et al., 2013). Genus Aphycus Mayr, 1876 Aphycus apicalis (Dalman, 1820) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: Razavi Khorasan (Nazari et al., 2014). General distribution: Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Japan, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States of America, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Peliococcus kimmericus (Kiritshenko) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Lactuca serriola (Asteraceae) (Nazari et al., 2014). Aphycus secundus (Mercet, 1925) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Razavi Khorasan (Nazari et al., 2018). General distribution: Saudi Arabia, Spain. Host records in Iran: Peliococcus kimmericus (Kiritshenko) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Nazari et al., 2018). Genus Arrhenophagus Aurivillius, 1888 Arrhenophagus chionaspidis Aurivillius, 1888 Catalogues with Iranian records: None.

108

Distribution in Iran: Sistan & Baluchestan (AbdRabou et al., 2019). General distribution: Argentina, Australia, Azerbaijan, Brazil, China, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Hungary, India, Jamaica, Japan, Madeira, Mauritius, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Poland, Puerto Rico, Russia, Senegal, Slovakia, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Tanzania, Uganda, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR. Genus Baeocharis Mayr, 1876 Baeocharis pascuorum Mayr, 1876 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Ghahari, 2019a). General distribution: Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Transcaucasus, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former Yugoslavia. Genus Blastothrix Mayr, 1876 Blastothrix aprica Sugonjaev, 1964 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Fallahzadeh et al., 2016). General distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan. Host records in Iran: Eulecanium rugulosum (Archangelskaya) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Pistacia atlantica (Anacardiaceae) (Fallahzadeh et al., 2016). Blastothrix brittanica Girault, 1917 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Isfahan (Dastghyb Beheshti et al., 1988; Rajabi, 1989, 2011; Behdad, 1991; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Kermanshah (Jalilvand et al., 2013), Tehran (Davoodi, 2004; Rajabi, 2011, both as Blastothrix sericea (Dalman, 1820), misidentification – see comment below; Lotfalizadeh, 2010b). General distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Canada, China, France, Georgia, Germany, Iran, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Mongolia, Netherlands, Pakistan, Poland, Russia, United Kingdom, United States of America.

Chapter 5

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Host records in Iran: Diaspidiotus prunorum (Laing) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Dastghyb Beheshti et al., 1988; Lotfalizadeh 2010b), Eulecanium tiliae (L.) (as E. coryli (L.)) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Rosaceae fruit trees (Dastghyb Beheshti et al., 1988; Rajabi, 1989; Behdad, 1991; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Davoodi, 2004, as Blastothrix sericea (Dalman); Lotfalizadeh, 2010b; Jalilvand et al., 2013), Sphaerolecanium prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Davoodi, 2004; Rajabi, 2011). Comments: Blastothrix brittanica was recorded by Davoodi (2004) as Blastothrix sericea on Eulecanium tiliae (L.) and Sphaerolecanium prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe) (Hemiptera: Coccidae), but re-examination of the material showed that it was B. brittanica (Lotfalizadeh, 2010b). Blastothrix erythrostetha (Walker, 1847) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: Kordestan (Samin, 2015). General distribution: Armenia, Austria, Bulgaria, Egypt, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Spain, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom. Blastothrix hungarica Erdős, 1959 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Hesami et al., 2008). General distribution: Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Caucasus, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Japan, Poland, Turkey, Ukraine, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Eulecanium sp. (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Ficus carica (Moraceae) (Hesami et al., 2008). Blastothrix ilicicola Mercet, 1921 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari (Ebrahimi, 1993, 2014; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Lorestan (Lotfalizadeh, 2010b). General distribution: Algeria, Bulgaria, Germany, Iran, Spain, former USSR.

Family Encyrtidae Walker, 1837

Host records in Iran: Eulecanium tiliae (L.) (as E. coryli (L.)) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on quince tree (Rosaceae) (Ebrahimi, 1993, 2014; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Coccidae on plum (Lotfalizadeh, 2010b). Blastothrix longipennis Howard, 1881 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al., 2010; Fallahzadeh et al., 2016), Kuhgiloyeh & Boyerahmad (Fallahzadeh et al., 2016), Semnan (Ghahari et al., 2013). General distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Costa Rica, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Moldova, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Eulecanium tiliae (L.) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Prunus domestica (Rosaceae) (Ghahari et al., 2013; Fallahzadeh et al., 2016). Comments: Fallahzadeh et al. (2016) stated that Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2013) recorded B. longipennis from East Azarbaijan, but no material or distribution data were reported in the latter publication. However, we consider East Azarbaijan as part of the distribution of this species in Iran following Fallahzadeh et al. (2016). Blastothrix sericea (Dalman, 1820) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Davoodi et al., 2004d), Isfahan (Farahbakhsh, 1961, as Blastothrix cericea; Behdad and Barouti, 1978; Rajabi, 1989; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Davoodi et al., 2004d), Kerman (Yazdani and Rajabi, 1993), Lorestan (Golpayegani et al., 2010b), Markazi (Behdad and Barouti, 1978; Rajabi, 1989; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Davoodi et al., 2004d; Golpayegani et al., 2010b; Yousefi et al., 2018), Mazandaran (Davoodi et al., 2004d), Tehran (Behdad and Barouti, 1978; Rajabi, 1989; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Davoodi et al., 2004d,e; Ebrahimi, 2014), West Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al., 2010), Yazd (Mokhtari and Jafari Nodooshan, 2018). General distribution: Canada, China, Croatia, former Czechoslovakia, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Iran, Ireland, Italy,

109

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Sphaerolecanium prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Rosaceae fruit trees (Behdad and Barouti, 1978; Rajabi, 1989; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Davoodi et al., 2004d,e; Golpayegani et al., 2010b), Eulecanium tiliae (L.) (as E. coryli (L.)) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Rosaceae fruit trees (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Behdad and Barouti, 1978; Rajabi, 1989; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Davoodi et al., 2004d,e; Golpayegani et al., 2010b; Ebrahimi, 2014; Yousefi et al., 2018), Anapulvinaria pistaciae (Bodenheimer) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Pistacia vera (Anacardiaceae) (Yazdani and Rajabi, 1993; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Sphaerolecanium sp. (Ghahari et al., 2010), Didesmococcus unifasciatus (Archangelskeya) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Yousefi et al., 2018), Melanaspis inopinata (Leonardi) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Mokhtari and Jafari Nodooshan, 2018). Blastothrix truncatipennis (Ferrière, 1955) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Markazi (Yousefi et al., 2018). General distribution: Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, United Kingdom, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Eulecanium tiliae (L.) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Prunus sp. (Rosaceae) (Yousefi et al., 2018). Blastothrix turanica Sugonjaev, 1964 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Iran (no specific locality) (Trjapitzin, 1989). General distribution: Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Pakistan, Russia, Turkey, Uzbekistan. Blastothrix spp. Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Shojai, 1998), East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2014). Host records in Iran: Lepidosaphes malicola Borchsenius (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on Malus communis (Rosaceae) (Shojai, 1998), Sphaerolecanium prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2014).

110

Genus Bothriothorax Ratzeburg, 1844 Bothriothorax aralius (Walker, 1837) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Sakenin et al., 2019). General distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Denmark, Hungary, Ireland, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Netherlands, Russia, Sweden, Turkmenistan, United Kingdom, Uzbekistan. Bothriothorax clavicornis (Dalman, 1820) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: Ardabil (Ghahari et al., 2010), Lorestan (Ghahari et al., 2013 – around wheat fields). General distribution: Armenia, Belarus, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Syrphus vitripennis Meigen (Diptera: Syrphidae) (Ghahari et al., 2010, 2013). Bothriothorax serratellus (Dalman, 1820) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Rastegar et  al., 2012), Khuzestan (Tamoli Torfi et al., 2019a), West Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al., 2010). General distribution: Armenia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Mongolia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkey, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Heringia heringi (Zetterstedt) (Diptera: Syrphidae) (Ghahari et al., 2010), Dasysyrphus albostriatus (Fallén) (Diptera: Syrphidae) (Rastegar et al., 2012), Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Tamoli Torfi et al., 2019a). Bothriothorax sp. Distribution in Iran: Northern Khorasan (Malkeshi et al., 2000). Host records in Iran: Larval parasitoid of Syrphidae (Diptera) (Malkeshi et al., 2000).

Chapter 5

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Genus Boucekiella Hoffer, 1954

Genus Cerchysiella Girault, 1914

Boucekiella depressa Hoffer, 1954 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Zanjan (Sakenin et al., 2019). General distribution: Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Moldova, Slovakia, Ukraine, United States of America, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia.

Cerchysiella planiscutellum (Mercet, 1921) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Ghahari and Sakenin, 2018). General distribution: Afghanistan, Andorra, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Russia, Serbia, Spain, Sweden, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former USSR, former Yugoslavia.

Genus Cerapterocerus Westwood, 1833 Cerapterocerus mirabilis Westwood, 1833 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Ebrahimi, 2014), East Azarbaijan (Sakenin et al., 2008), Kerman (Shojai, 1963, 1998; Davatchi and Shojai, 1969; Behdad, 1991; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Davoodi et al., 2004d), Mazandaran (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005), Tehran (Davoodi et al., 2004d,e; Modarres Awal, 2012), West Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al., 2010). General distribution: Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bosnia Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on Citrus sp. (Rutaceae) (Shojai, 1963, 1998; Davatchi and Shojai, 1969; Behdad, 1991; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; AbdRabou and Ghahari, 2005; Moghaddam, 2017), Sphaerolecanium prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Davoodi et al., 2004d,e; Ebrahimi, 2014), Ceroplastes elytropappi (Brain) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Ghahari et al., 2010). Comments: Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2005) recorded Thysanus ater Haliday (Signiphoridae) as a hyperparasitoid of C. mirabilis. Cerapterocerus sp. Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Esfandiari, 2002). Host records in Iran: Sphaerolecanium prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Prunus sp. (Rosaceae) (Esfandiari, 2002).

Family Encyrtidae Walker, 1837

Genus Cerchysius Westwood, 1832 Cerchysius subplanus (Dalman, 1820) Distribution in Iran: None. Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Sakenin et al., 2019). General distribution: Afghanistan, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, India, Latvia, Madeira, Moldova, Mongolia, Netherlands, North Korea, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Thailand, Turkey, United Kingdom, former USSR. Genus Cercobelus Walker, 1842 Cercobelus jugaeus (Walker, 1837) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Ghahari and Tabari, 2019). General distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Lithuania, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Sweden, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Genus Cheiloneurus Westwood, 1833 Cheiloneurus boldyrevi Trjapitzin and Agekyan, 1978 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh, 2010b), Northern Khorasan (Malkeshi et al., 2000 – in apple orchard; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Armenia, Bulgaria, former Czechoslovakia, France, Georgia, Greece, Iran, Italy, Moldova, Netherlands, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Tajikistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan.

111

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Host records in Iran: Unknown predaceous hoverfly (Diptera: Syrphidae) (Malkeshi et al., 2000; Modarres Awal, 2012); pupal parasitoid of Paragus sp. (Diptera: Syrphidae) on Rosaceae (Lotfalizadeh, 2010b). Cheiloneurus ceroplastis Ishii, 1923 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Lotfalizadeh, 2000a; Lotfalizadeh and Ahmadi, 2000; Xu and Lotfalizadeh, 2000; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Iran, Japan. Host records in Iran: Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Xu and Lotfalizadeh, 2000), Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens), Suarius fedtschenkoi (McLachlan) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) on cypress tree (Cupressaceae) (Lotfalizadeh, 2000a; Lotfalizadeh and Ahmadi, 2000), pupae of Neuroptera species (Modarres Awal, 2012). Cheiloneurus claviger Thomson, 1876 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili, 2010; Fallahzadeh et al., 2016), Lorestan, Markazi (Golpayegani et al., 2010b), Mazandaran (Sakenin et al., 2008; Ghahari and Abd-Rabou, 2012), Razavi Khorasan (Talebi et al., 2009), West Azarbaijan (Ghahari and Abd-Rabou, 2012). General distribution: Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Egypt, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Didesmococcus unifasciatus (Archangelskeya) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Golpayegani et al., 2010b), Sphaerolecanium prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Prunus scoparia (Rosaceae) (Talebi et al., 2009), Eulecanium rugulosum (Archangelskaya) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Pistacia atlantica (Anacardiaceae), Eulecanium tiliae (L.) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Prunus sp. (Golpayegani et al., 2010b; Fallahzadeh et al., 2016), Pulvinaria vitis (L.) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Ghahari and Abd-Rabou, 2012).

112

Cheiloneurus elegans (Dalman, 1820) Catalogues with Iranian records: None (newly recorded from Iran). Distribution in Iran: Razavi Khorasan province, Neyshabur (Bagherieh), 3♀, ex Pulvinaria vitis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Vitis vinifera (Vitaceae), August 2011. General distribution: Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, former Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Macedonia, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Netherlands, Nigeria, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tazhikistan, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia. Cheiloneurus flavoscutatus (Nikol’skaya, 1952) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Kordestan (Sakenin et al., 2019), Mazandaran (Ghahari and Sakenin, 2018). General distribution: Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Ethiopia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan. Cheiloneurus fulvescens Hoffer, 1957 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan (Abd-Rabou et al., 2011). General distribution: Afghanistan, Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia. Cheiloneurus kollari (Mayr, 1876) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Fallahzadeh et al., 2006b; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Croatia, Czech Republic, Georgia, Hungary, Iran, Russia, Slovakia, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Peliococcus kimmericus (Kiritshenko) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Lactuca serriola (Asteraceae) (Fallahzadeh et al., 2006b). Cheiloneurus paralia (Walker, 1837) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019).

Chapter 5

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Abd-Rabou et al., 2011; Ghahari and Abd-Rabou, 2012), Fars (Fallahzadeh et al., 2006b; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Afghanistan, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Peliococcus kimmericus (Kiritshenko) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Lactuca serriola (Asteraceae) (Fallahzadeh et al., 2006b), Saissetia oleae (Olivier) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Ghahari and Abd-Rabou, 2012). Cheiloneurus pistaciae Manickavasagam and Mehrnejad, 2008 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Manickavasagam et al., 2008; Mehrnejad and Basirat, 2009). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Host records in Iran: Kermania pistaciella Amsel (Lepidoptera: Tineidae) and Chelonus kermakiae Tobias (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Cheloninae) on Pistacia vera (Anacardiaceae) (Manickavasagam et al., 2008; Mehrnejad and Basirat, 2009). Cheiloneurus spp. Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Abd-Rabou et al., 2011), Khuzestan (Moravvej et al., 2018). Host records in Iran: Phenacoccus bicerarius Borchsenius (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Cynodon dactylon (Poaceae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2011). Genus Choreia Westwood, 1833 Choreia inepta (Dalman, 1820) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Guilan, Zanjan (Abd-Rabou et al., 2019). General distribution: Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bosnia Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia.

Family Encyrtidae Walker, 1837

Choreia maculata (Hoffer, 1954) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Ghahari and Abd-Rabou, 2012), Iran (no specific locality) (Trjapitzin, 1978, 1989). General distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, former Czechoslovakia, Georgia, Hungary, Iran, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Russia, Slovakia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan. Genus Coelopencyrtus Timberlake, 1919 Coelopencyrtus callidii (Jansson, 1957) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh, 2010b). General distribution: Denmark, Finland, Iran, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Mongolia, Russia, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Infected dead wood by Scolytinae and Bostrichidae (Coleoptera) (Lotfalizadeh, 2010b). Genus Comperiella Howard, 1906 Comperiella bifasciata Howard, 1906 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Hormozgan (Esmaili, 2011; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Kerman (Basij et al., 2012), Mazandaran (Ebrahimi, 2014), West Azarbaijan (Ghahari and Abd-Rabou, 2012). General distribution: Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bermuda, Chile, China, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Egypt, Fiji, France, Georgia, Greece, Guam, Haiti, Hawaii, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Montenegro, Morocco, New Zealand, Pakistan, Philippines, Russia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Taiwan, Turkey, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Host records in Iran: Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on Citrus sp. (Rutaceae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Esmaili, 2011; Basij et al., 2012; Ghahari and Abd-Rabou, 2012; Moghaddam, 2017), Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (Morgan) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Ebrahimi, 2014).

113

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Comperiella lemniscata Compere and Annecke, 1961 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Lachinani and Ahmadi, 1993; Modarres Awal, 1997 – under Aphelinidae). General distribution: Australia, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Spain. Host records in Iran: Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on Citrus sp. (Rutaceae) (Lachinani and Ahmadi, 1993; Modarres Awal, 1997; Moghaddam, 2017). Genus Copidosoma Ratzeburg, 1844 Copidosoma agrotis (Fonscolombe, 1832) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Samin et al., 2019). General distribution: Andorra, Armenia, Austria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Norway, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Turkmenistan, United Kingdom, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Agrotis segetum (Denis and Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (Samin et al., 2019). Copidosoma boucheanum Ratzeburg, 1844 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Lotfalizadeh and BabMorad, 2015). General distribution: Armenia, Belarus, Bulgaria, China, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Leafroller larvae (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on Populus sp. (Salicaceae) (Lotfalizadeh and Bab-Morad, 2015). Copidosoma filicorne (Dalman, 1820) Catalogues with Iranian records: Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Guerrieri and Ghahari, 2018). General distribution: Afghanistan, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Cyprus,

114

Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Tajikistan, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, Uzbekistan. Host records in Iran: Platyedra sp. (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) on Gossypium hirsutum (Malvaceae) (Guerrieri and Ghahari, 2018). Copidosoma flagellare (Dalman, 1820) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Samin et al., 2018). General distribution: Andorra, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland (north and south), Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Copidosoma floridanum (Ashmead, 1900) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh, 2010b; Lotfalizadeh and Bab-Morad, 2015). General distribution: Argentina, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Cuba, Czech Republic, Ecuador, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Guyana, Hawaii, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, North Korea, Portugal, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Dead wood with xylophagous beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) (Lotfalizadeh, 2010b). Copidosoma isfahani Japoshvili, 2016 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Isfahan (Japoshvili et al., 2016a). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Host records in Iran: Gregarious endoparasitoid of Altenia mersinella (Staudinger) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) on pistachio (Pistacia vera) (Anacardiaceae) (Japoshvili et al., 2016a).

Chapter 5

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Copidosoma peticus (Walker, 1846) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Semnan (Sakenin et al., 2018). General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkmenistan, United Kingdom, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Anthonomus pomorum (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (Sakenin et al., 2018). Copidosoma pistacinellae Hoffer, 1970 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Iran (no specific locality) (Hoffer, 1970; Trjapitzin, 1989; Lotfalizadeh and Bab-Morad, 2015). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Host records in Iran: Recurvaria pistacinella Danilevsky (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) on Pistacia vera (Anacardiaceae) (Hoffer, 1970; Trjapitzin, 1989). Comments: Copidosoma pistacinellae was originally described from Iran without exact type locality. Farahbakhsh (1961), Behdad (1991) and Modarres Awal (1997) recorded an unknown species of Copidosoma from southern provinces of Iran as a parasitoid of Recurvaria pistacinella Danilevsky (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), and these could be C. pistacinellae. Additionally, Esmaili et al. (2006) and Esmaili (2011) stated that there are encyrtid parasitoids in Iran that are effective for control of R. pistacinella. Copidosoma truncatellum (Dalman, 1820) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Samin et al., 2019). General distribution: Andorra, Argentina, Austria, Brazil, Canada, Caribbean, Chile, China, Colombia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hawaii, Hungary, Italy, Macedonia, Mexico, Montenegro, Nearctic, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Puerto Rico, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, former USSR, Venezuela, former Yugoslavia.

Family Encyrtidae Walker, 1837

Host records in Iran: Zeuzera pyrina (L.) (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) (Samin et al., 2019). Copidosoma varicorne (Nees, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan, Markazi, Tehran (Sabzevari, 1968; Shojai, 1968, 1998; Davatchi and Shojai, 1969; Rajabi, 1989; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Esmaili, 2011, all as Paralitomastix varicornis (Nees, 1834); Lotfalizadeh and Bab-Morad, 2015), Razavi Khorasan, West Azarbaijan (Shojai et al., 2000, 2002, as P. varicornis), Iran (no specific locality) (OILB, 1971; Trjapitzin, 1989; Behdad, 1991; Guerrieri and Noyes, 2005). General distribution: Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Moldova, Montenegro, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Russia, Senegal, South Africa, Spain, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia, Zimbabwe. Host records in Iran: Anarsia lineatella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) on roseous fruit trees (Rosaceae) (Sabzevari, 1968; Shojai 1968, 1998; OILB, 1971; Rajabi, 1989; Behdad, 1991; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai et al., 2000, 2002; Esmaili, 2011). Genus Discodes Förster, 1856 Discodes coccophagus (Ratzeburg, 1848) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Ghahari and Abd-Rabou, 2012), Fars (Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili, 2010), Lorestan (Golpayegani et al., 2010b; Lotfalizadeh, 2010b), Markazi (Golpayegani et al., 2010b), Razavi Khorasan (Talebi et al., 2009). General distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, former Czechoslovakia, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Kirgizia, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Sweden, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Sphaerolecanium prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe) (Hemiptera: Coccidae)

115

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

on Prunus scoparia (Rosaceae) (Talebi et al., 2009; Golpayegani et al., 2010b), Coccidae on plum and peach (Lotfalizadeh, 2010b), Sphaerolecanium sp. (Ghahari and Abd-Rabou, 2012). Discodes obscuriclavus Myartseva, 1981 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan (Ghahari and Abd-Rabou, 2012; Rastegar et al., 2012). General distribution: Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. Host records in Iran: Acanthopulvinaria orientalis (Nasonov) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Ghahari and Abd-Rabou, 2012). Discodes rubtzovi Sugonjaev, 1971 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Yazd (MohammadiKhoramabadi et al., 2014). General distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Iran, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia, Slovakia, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Cerococcus longipilosus (Archangelskaya) (Hemiptera: Cerococcidae) on Scariola orientalis (Asteraceae) (MohammadiKhoramabadi et al., 2014). Genus Diversinervus Silvestri, 1915 Diversinervus elegans Silvestri, 1915 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Ardabil (Abd-Rabou et al., 2019), Semnan (Sakenin et al., 2018). General distribution: Angola, Argentina, Australia, Brazil, China, Colombia, Cuba, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, France, Greece, Hawaii, India, Israel, Italy, Kenya, Morocco, Mexico, Peru, South Africa, Spain, United States of America, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Eulecanium rugulosum (Archangelskaya) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on pistachio tree, Pistacia vera (Anacardiaceae) (Sakenin et al., 2018). Diversinervus sp. Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Yazdani and Rajabi, 1993).

116

Host records in Iran: Diaspididae (Hemiptera) in pistachio orchard (Yazdani and Rajabi, 1993). Genus Echthroplexiella Mercet, 1921 Echthroplexiella aeneiventris Mercet, 1921 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Ghahari and Abd-Rabou, 2012), Zanjan (Rastegar et al., 2012). General distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Czech Republic, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Mongolia, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine. Echthroplexiella flava Mercet, 1921 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Jafari et al., 2015). General distribution: Azerbaijan, Czech Republic, Hungary, Moldova, Spain. Host records in Iran: Pseudococcus comstocki (Kuwana) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Jafari et al., 2015). Echthroplexiella irinae Nikol’skaya, 1952 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: Markazi (Nezam-Abadi et al., 2014). General distribution: Russia. Host records in Iran: Planococcus vovae (Nasonov) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on cypress tree (Nezam-Abadi et al., 2014). Genus Encyrtus Latreille, 1809 Encyrtus aurantii (Geoffroy, 1785) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Ebrahimi, 2014), Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari (Esfandiari, 2002, Esfandiari et al., 2005, as Encyrtus lecaniorum (Mayr, 1876)), Guilan (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012, as E. lecaniorum; Davoodi et al., 2003b, 2004d, as E. lecaniorum; Davoodi, 2004; Ghahari et al., 2010), Lorestan (Golpayegani et al., 2010b; Lotfalizadeh, 2010b), Markazi (Golpayegani et al., 2010b), Mazandaran

Chapter 5

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

(Farahbakhsh, 1961; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012, as E. lecaniorum), Razavi Khorasan (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005, as E. lecaniorum), Tehran (Davoodi et al., 2003b, 2004d,e; Davoodi, 2004; Lotfalizadeh, 2010b; Modarres Awal, 2012), Iran (no specific locality) (Trjapitzin and Myartseva, 2004). General distribution: Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, Cameroon, Canada, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Dominica, Ecuador, Finland, France, French Polynesia, Gabon, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Hawaii, India, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Lebanon, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mexico, Montenegro, Montserrat, Morocco, Mozambique, Netherlands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Puerto Rico, Russia, Senegal, Serbia, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Tajikistan, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, former Yugoslavia, Zimbabwe. Host records in Iran: Coccus hesperidum L. (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Davoodi et al., 2004d,e; Lotfalizadeh, 2010b; Modarres Awal, 2012; Ebrahimi, 2014), Eulecanium tiliae (L.) (as E. coryli (L.)) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on elm tree (Ulmaceae) and apple tree (Malus orientalis Uglitzk, Rosaceae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Davoodi et al., 2004d,e; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005; Golpayegani et al., 2010b), Sphaerolecanium prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Prunus sp. (Rosaceae) (Esfandiari, 2002; Davoodi et al., 2003b, 2004d,e; Golpayegani et al., 2010b; Modarres Awal, 2012), Sphaerolecanium prunastri on Amygdalus sp. (Rosaceae) (Esfandiari et al., 2005). Comments: Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2005) recorded Chartocerus kurdjmovi (Nikol'skaya, 1950) (Signiphoridae) as a hyperparasitoid of E. aurantii. Encyrtus infelix (Embleton, 1902) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Golestan, Isfahan (Sakenin et al., 2018). General distribution: Algeria, Australia, Austria, Bermuda, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba,

Family Encyrtidae Walker, 1837

Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Fiji, Germany, Hawaii, India, Israel, Jamaica, Kenya, Madagascar, Madeira, Malaysia, Mexico, Morocco, Netherlands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Russia, Sri Lanka, Switzerland, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America, Venezuela, Vietnam, Zimbabwe. Host records in Iran: Coccus hesperidum (L.) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on oleander (Sakenin et al., 2018). Encyrtus infidus (Rossi, 1790) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari (Esfandiari, 2002, Esfandiari et al., 2005, as Encyrtus scutellatus (Swederus, 1795)), Golestan (Ghahari et al., 2010), Kermanshah (Jalilvand et al., 2013). General distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Canada, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Iran, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Netherlands, North Korea, Poland, Russia, South Korea, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Turkmenistan, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uzbekistan. Host records in Iran: Sphaerolecanium prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Amygdalus sp. (Rosaceae) (Esfandiari 2002; Esfandiari et al., 2005), Parthenolecanium corni (Bouché) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Juglans regia (Juglandaceae) (Jalilvand et al., 2013). Encyrtus swederi Dalman, 1820 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Samin et al., 2019). General distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Brazil, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Mongolia, Montenegro, Norway, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Coccus hesperidum L. (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Samin et al., 2019). Encyrtus trjapitzini Myartseva and Sugonjaev, 1977 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019).

117

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Shaku) (Myartseva and Sugonjaev, 1977), Iran (no specific locality) (Trjapitzin, 1989). General distribution: Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. Encyrtus sp. Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Shahi = Qaemshahr) (Farahbakhsh, 1961). Host records in Iran: Coccus hesperidum L. (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Farahbakhsh, 1961). Genus Eupoecilopoda Novicky and Hoffer, 1953 Eupoecilopoda perpunctata (Masi, 1942) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Ardabil (Lotfalizadeh, 2010b), Kerman (Yazdani and Mehrnejad, 1993; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012). General distribution: Bulgaria, China, Czech Republic, Germany, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Mongolia, Russia, Slovakia, Turkmenistan. Host records in Iran: Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) on Pistacia vera (Anacardiaceae) (Yazdani and Mehrnejad, 1993; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Scymnus sp. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) (Lotfalizadeh, 2010b). Genus Ginsiana Erdős and Novicky, 1955 Ginsiana carpetana (Mercet, 1921) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Ghahari and Sakenin, 2018). General distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Georgia, Hungary, Israel, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Tajikistan, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom. Genus Habrolepis Förster, 1856 Habrolepis dalmanni (Westwood, 1837) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Yazdani and Rajabi, 1993), Lorestan (Golpayegani et al., 2010a,b),

118

Markazi (Golpayegani et al., 2010a,b; Lotfalizadeh, 2010b), Yazd (Mokhtari and Jafari Nodooshan, 2018), Iran (no specific locality) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012). General distribution: Algeria, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Chile, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Moldova, Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Lepidosaphes ulmi L. (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Golpayegani et al., 2010a,b), Melanaspis inopinata (Leonardi) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on Pistacia vera (Anacardiaceae) (Yazdani and Rajabi, 1993; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Didesmococcus unifasciatus (Archangelskeya) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Golpayegani et al., 2010b), Melanaspis inopinata (Leonardi) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Mokhtari and Jafari Nodooshan, 2018). Habrolepis diaspidi (Risbec, 1951) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Ghahari and Sakenin, 2018). General distribution: Algeria, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Israel, Lebanon, Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, Pakistan, Senegal, South Africa, United States of America, Zimbabwe. Habrolepis pascuorum Mercet, 1921 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Markazi (Rajabi, 1989; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Yousefi et al., 2018), Tehran (Rajabi, 1989; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012). General distribution: Algeria, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Croatia, former Czechoslovakia, Egypt, Finland, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Lebanon, Macedonia, Montenegro, Norway, Portugal, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Parlatoria oleae (Colvée) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on Rosaceae fruit trees (Rajabi, 1989; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Moghaddam, 2017; Yousefi et al., 2018), Mercetaspis halli (Green) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Yousefi et al., 2018).

Chapter 5

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Habrolepis tergrigorianae Trjapitzin, 1962 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Isfahan (Dastghyb Beheshti et al., 1988; Rajabi, 1989; Behdad, 1991; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012). General distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. Host records in Iran: Diaspidiotus prunorum (Laing) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) and Eulecanium tiliae (L.) (as E. coryli (L.)) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Rosaceae fruit trees (Dastghyb Beheshti et al., 1988; Rajabi, 1989; Behdad, 1991; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012). Genus Helegonatopus Perkins, 1906 Helegonatopus dimorphus (Hoffer, 1954) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Kordestan (Sakenin et al., 2019). General distribution: Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former USSR. Genus Heterococcidoxenus Ishii, 1940 Heterococcidoxenus schlechtendali (Mayr, 1876) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Ilam (Lotfalizadeh and Khalghani, 2008; Lotfalizadeh, 2010b). General distribution: Germany, Iran, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Xylophagous beetles (Lotfalizadeh and Khalghani, 2008). Genus Homalotylus Mayr, 1876 Homalotylus albiclavatus (Agarwal, 1970) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Khuzestan (Novin, 2000; Moravvej et al., 2016). General distribution: India, Iran. Host records in Iran: Lady beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) (Moravvej et al., 2016) on Citrus sp. (Rutaceae) and Morus sp. (Moraceae) associated

Family Encyrtidae Walker, 1837

with Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Novin, 2000). Homalotylus ephippium (Ruschka, 1923) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Lotfalizadeh and Ahmadi, 2000; Xu and Lotfalizadeh, 2000), Golestan, Mazandaran (Ghahari, 2004; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Moldova, Montenegro, Russia, Sweden, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Coccinellidae (Xu and Lotfalizadeh, 2000), larval parasitoid of Exochomus pubescens Kuster (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) (Ghahari, 2004; Modarres Awal, 2012), Exochomus quadripustulatus (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on cypress tree (Cupressaceae) associated with Planococcus vovae (Nasonov) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Lotfalizadeh and Ahmadi, 2000), Nephus bipunctatus (Kugelann) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Hyperaspis polita Weise (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) (Lotfalizadeh, 2010b). Comments: Homalotylus ephippium was reported in the checklist by Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010) but was missed by Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2013). Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017) stated that H. ephippium is based on misidentifications of H. quaylei Timberlake, and Fallahzadeh et al. (2018) considered it as a misidentification of H. quaylei and H. turkmenicus Myartseva. However, Ghahari (2004) collected this species from Golestan and Mazandaran provinces, and even though they did not cite any specific localities we consider this species as part of the fauna of Iran. Homalotylus eytelweinii (Ratzeburg, 1844) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Japoshvili and Noyes, 2005; Moravvej et al., 2016), Khuzestan (Moravvej et al., 2016). General distribution: Afghanistan, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Brazil, Bulgaria, Colombia, Congo, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Guatemala, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Malawi,

119

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Malaysia, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Myanmar, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Thailand, Togo, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Lady beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) (Moravvej et al., 2016). Homalotylus flaminius (Dalman, 1820) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Fallahzadeh et al., 2006a,c; Ghajarieh et al., 2014), Kermanshah (Ghahari et al., 2010), Khuzestan (Moravvej et al., 2018; Tamoli Torfi et al., 2019a), Razavi Khorasan (Nazari et al., 2018), Qazvin (Rastegar et al., 2012). General distribution: Afghanistan, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Barbados, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cameroon, China, Colombia, Congo, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Egypt, France, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Madagascar, Mali, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Nigeria, North Korea, Norway, Peru, Puerto Rico, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Slovakia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Tajikistan, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, United Kingdom, Uruguay, United States of America, Uzbekistan, Vietnam. Host records in Iran: Larval parasitoid of Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) (Fallahzadeh et al., 2006c; Tamoli Torfi et al., 2019a), Nephus bipunctatus (Kugelann) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on Lactuca serriola (Asteraceae) associated with Peliococcus kimmericus (Kiritshenko) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Fallahzadeh et al., 2006a; Nazari et al., 2018), Saissetia oleae (Olivier) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Ghahari et al., 2010), Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Ghajarieh et al., 2014). Homalotylus hemipterinus (De Stefani, 1898) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili, 2017), Iran (no specific locality) (Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili, 2013).

120

General distribution: Austria, Bahamas, Brazil, Chad, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Czech Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Fiji, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Malawi, Malaysia, Myanmar, Paraguay, South Africa, Sudan, Thailand, Togo. Host records in Iran: Larva of Coccinellidae (Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili, 2017). Homalotylus nigricornis Mercet, 1921 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Ardabil (Lotfalizadeh and Ebrahimi, 2001; Modarres Awal, 2012), Khuzestan (Moravvej et al., 2018). General distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Montenegro, Spain, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Scymnus sp. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) associated with Aphis gossypii (Glover) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Lotfalizadeh and Ebrahimi, 2001; Modarres Awal, 2012). Homalotylus quaylei Timberlake, 1919 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Ghahari et  al., 2010), Fars (Lotfalizadeh, 2010b), Hamadan (Zarghami et al., 2012), Khuzestan (Asadeh and Mossadegh, 1991; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Novin et al., 2000; Mossadegh and Kocheili, 2003; Alizadeh et al., 2013; Mossadegh et al., 2015; Moravvej et al., 2016; Booshi et  al., 2019), Mazandaran (Maafi et al., 1998; Modarres Awal, 2012; Moravvej et al., 2016), Razavi Khorasan (Nazari et al., 2018), Iran (no specific locality) (OILB, 1971). General distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Brazil, Bulgaria, Egypt, Gabon, Georgia, India [doubtful record according to M. Hayat], Iran, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Mauritania, Spain, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Venezuela. Host records in Iran: Nephus includens (Kirsch) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) associated with Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Asadeh and Mossadegh, 1991; Novin, 2000; Novin et al., 2000; Alizadeh et al., 2013;

Chapter 5

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Mossadegh et al., 2015; Moravvej et al., 2016), Scymnus subvillosus (Goeze) on Citrus sp. (Rutaceae) associated with Planococcus citri (Rissio) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Maafi et al., 1998; Modarres Awal, 2012; Alizadeh et al., 2013; Moravvej et al., 2016), Nephus arcuatus (Kapur) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) (Zarghami et al., 2012; Alizadeh et al., 2013; Mossadegh et al., 2015), Nipaecoccus viridis (Modarres Awal, 2012; Mossadegh et al., 2015), Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Alizadeh et al., 2013), Peliococcus kimmericus (Kiritshenko) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Nazari et al., 2018). Homalotylus turkmenicus Myartseva, 1981 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Fallahzadeh et al., 2006a,c, as Homalotylus sinensis Xu and He, 1997 [misidentification], 2011; Lotfalizadeh 2010b; Modarres Awal, 2012), Hormozgan (Fallahzadeh et al., 2016), Tehran (Ameri, 2006; Ameri et al., 2007; Talebi et al., 2008, as H. sinensis – misidentification), Iran (no specific locality) (Trjapitzin, 1989). General distribution: India, Iran, Turkmenistan. Host records in Iran: Larval parasitoid of Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) (Fallahzadeh et al., 2006c), Exochomus nigromaculatus (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) (Ameri, 2006; Ameri et al., 2007; Talebi et al., 2008), Exochomus quadripustulatus (L.) on grape and cypress tree (Cupressaceae) associated with Planococcus vovae (Nasonov) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Ameri, 2006; Ameri et al., 2007; Talebi et al., 2008), Hyperaspis polita Weise (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on Solanum nigrum (Solanaceae) (Lotfalizadeh, 2010b; Fallahzadeh et al., 2016), Nephus bipunctatus (Kugelann) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) (Lotfalizadeh, 2010b) on Lactuca serriola (Asteraceae) associated with Peliococcus kimmericus (Kiritshenko) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Fallahzadeh et al., 2006a), larvae of Coccinellidae (Exochomus quadripustulatus, Hyperaspis polita, Nephus bipunctatus) (Fallahzadeh et al., 2008a, 2011), larvae of Coccinellidae on grapevine (Modarres Awal, 2012), Menochilus sexmaculatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on Hibiscus rosasinensis (Malvaceae), Nephus hiekei (Fürsch)

Family Encyrtidae Walker, 1837

(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on Sesamum indicum (Pedaliaceae) (Fallahzadeh et al., 2016). Homalotylus vicinus Silvestri, 1915 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili, 2010; Modarres Awal, 2012), Hormozgan (Fallahzadeh et al., 2011, 2016). General distribution: Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Iran, Madagascar. Host records in Iran: Nephus bipunctatus (Kugelann) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on grape (Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili, 2010; Fallahzadeh et al., 2011), Exochomus quadripustulatus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) (L.) and Hyperaspis polita Weise (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) (Fallahzadeh et al., 2011), larvae of Coccinellidae (Exochomus quadripustulatus, Hyperaspis polita, Nephus bipunctatus) (Fallahzadeh et al., 2008a), larvae of Coccinellidae on grapevine (Modarres Awal, 2012), Menochilus sexmaculatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Malvaceae), Nephus hiekei (Fürsch, 1965) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on Sesamum indicum (Pedaliaceae) (Fallahzadeh et al., 2016). Homalotylus sp. Distribution in Iran: Iran (no specific locality) (Rajabi, 1989). Host records in Iran: Scymnus quadrimaculatus (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) (Rajabi, 1989). Genus Hoplopsis De Stefani, 1889 Hoplopsis minuta (Fabricius, 1793) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Sakenin et al., 2008; Ghahari and Abd-Rabou, 2012), Lorestan (Rastegar et al., 2012). General distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Croatia, former Czechoslovakia, France, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Lecanopsis sp. (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Ghahari and Abd-Rabou, 2012).

121

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Genus Isodromus Howard, 1887 Isodromus atriventris Ashmead, 1900 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Lotfalizadeh, 2000a; Lotfalizadeh and Ahmadi, 2000; Xu and Lotfalizadeh, 2000; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Canada, Croatia, Hungary, Iran, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Chrysopidae cocoon (Neuroptera) (Xu and Lotfalizadeh, 2000; Modarres Awal, 2012), Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens), Suarius fedtschenkoi (McLachlan) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) on cypress tree (Cupressaceae) associated with Planococcus vovae (Nasonov) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Lotfalizadeh, 2000a; Lotfalizadeh and Ahmadi, 2000), pupae of Hemerobiidae (Neuroptera) (Modarres Awal, 2012). Isodromus axillaris Timberlake, 1919 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Fallahzadeh et al., 2009, as Isodromus cf. axillaris). General distribution: China, Hawaii, India, Japan. Host records in Iran: Larval parasitoid of Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) in colony of Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Citrus sp. (Rutaceae) (Fallahzadeh et al., 2009). Isodromus collimaculatus Xu and Lotfalizadeh, 2000 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Lotfalizadeh, 2000a; Xu and Lotfalizadeh, 2000; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Host records in Iran: Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) (Xu and Lotfalizadeh, 2000; Modarres Awal, 2012), Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens), Suarius fedtschenkoi (McLachlan) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) on cypress tree (Cupressaceae) associated with Planococcus vovae (Nasonov) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Lotfalizadeh, 2000a; Lotfalizadeh and Ahmadi, 2000), pupae of Hemerobiidae (Neuroptera) (Modarres Awal, 2012).

Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Feli Kohikheili et al., 2015). General distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, former Czechoslovakia, France, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Russia, Spain, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Chrysopa phyllochroma (Wesmael) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) on Citrus aurantium (Rutaceae) and Hedera helix (Araliaceae) (Feli Kohikheili et al., 2015). Isodromus niger Ashmead, 1900 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Semnan (Samin et al., 2018). General distribution: China, Georgia, Hungary, Japan, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Romania, Tajikistan, Taiwan, Turkey, Ukraine, United States of America, Uzbekistan. Isodromus vinulus (Dalman, 1820) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Ardabil (Samin et al., 2018). General distribution: Armenia, Austria, Canada, Czech Republic, England, Finland, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine. Genus Ixodiphagus Howard, 1907 Ixodiphagus hookeri (Howard, 1908) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Ghahari and Tabari, 2019). General distribution: Angola, Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Cuba, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Guadeloupe, Hungary, India, Indochina, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Madeira, Malaysia, Mexico, Moldova, Mozambique, Nigeria, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Russia, Senegal, Singapore, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Tanzania, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, Uzbekistan, Vietnam. Genus Lamennaisia Girault, 1922

Isodromus flaviscutum (Hoffer and Trjapitzin, 1978) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018).

122

Lamennaisia ambigua (Nees, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: None (newly recorded from Iran).

Chapter 5

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Distribution in Iran: Golestan province, Gorgan (Hashem-Abad), 3♀, ex Melanophthalma suturalis (Mannerheim, 1844) (Coleoptera: Latridiidae), June 2012. General distribution: Afghanistan, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Sweden, Tadzhikistan, Thailand, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Genus Mahencyrtus Masi, 1917 Mahencyrtus comara (Walker, 1837) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Abd-Rabou et al., 2011). General distribution: Armenia, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Madeira, Moldova, Mongolia, Netherland, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Genus Mayridia Mercet, 1921 Mayridia formosula Mercet, 1921 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: Isfahan (Ghahari et al., 2013), Mazandaran (Ghahari et al., 2010), West Azarbaijan (Abd-Rabou et al., 2011). General distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Mongolia, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Trionymus amaryllidis (Bouché) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Lolium sp. (Poaceae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2011; Ghahari et al., 2013). Mayridia myrlea (Walker, 1838) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Samin et al., 2019).

Family Encyrtidae Walker, 1837

General distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Croatia, former Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, Hungary, Moldova, Mongolia, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Tajikistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Mayridia procera (Mercet, 1921) Catalogues with Iranian records: Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Abd-Rabou et al., 2011). General distribution: Bulgaria, Croatia, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Israel, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former Yugoslavia. Mayridia pulchra Mercet, 1921 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al., 2010; Lotfalizadeh, 2010b), Mazandaran (Abd-Rabou et al., 2011). General distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Hungary, India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Sweden, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine. Host records in Iran: Phenacoccus bicerarius Borchsenius (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Citrus sp. (Rutaceae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2011). Genus Metaphycus Mercet, 1917 Metaphycus anneckei Guerrieri and Noyes, 2000 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Iran (no specific locality) (Guerrieri and Noyes, 2000; Lotfalizadeh, 2010a). General distribution: Argentina, Australia, Chile, Cyprus, Egypt, Greece, Hawaii, Iran, Israel, Italy, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, United States of America, Uruguay. Metaphycus anophococcusi Lotfalizadeh, 2019 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Southern Khorasan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2019). General distribution: Endemic to Iran.

123

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Host records in Iran: Anophococcus abaii (Danzig) (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae) on Haloxylon ammodendron (Amaranthaceae) (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2019). Metaphycus asterolecanii Mercet, 1923 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Lorestan (Ghahari et al., 2013), Mazandaran (Ghahari et al., 2010). General distribution: Algeria, Andorra, Armenia, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Turkey, United Kingdom. Metaphycus bogdanovikatkovi Myartseva, 1984 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Hesami et al., 2013). General distribution: Georgia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. Host records in Iran: Rhizopulvinaria sp. (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Hesami et al., 2013).

Host records in Iran: Coccus hesperidum L. (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Citrus sp. (Rutaceae) and apple tree (Rosaceae) (Davoodi et al., 2004a,b,e; Lotfalizadeh, 2010a; Modarres Awal, 2012), Sphaerolecanium prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on prunaceous trees (Prunus scoparia Schneider, Rosaceae) (Talebi et al., 2009). Metaphycus davoodii Lotfalizadeh, 2010 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz, Tehran (Lotfalizadeh, 2010a). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Host records in Iran: Gregarious parasitoid of brown soft scale, Coccus hesperidum L. (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on oleander (Nerium sp., Apocynaceae) (Lotfalizadeh, 2010a), on Robinia sp. (Papilionaceae), Morus alba (Moraceae), Ailanthus altissima (Simaroubaceae), Diospyros sp. (Ebnaceae) (Davoodi, 2004).

Metaphycus chermis (Fonscolombe, 1832) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: Lorestan, Markazi (Golpayegani et al., 2010a,b). General distribution: Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Moldova, Netherlands, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, United Kingdom, United States of America, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Chlidaspis asiatica (Archangelskaya) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Golpayegani et al., 2010b), Lepidosaphes ulmi L. (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Golpayegani et al., 2010a,b).

Metaphycus dispar (Mercet, 1921) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Sahraeian and Abassi, 2016), Golestan (Ghahari et al., 2013), Mazandaran (Ghahari et al., 2010). General distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Mongolia, Montenegro, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Ceroplastes rusci (L.) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Morus sp. (Moraceae) (Ghahari et al., 2013), Saissetia miranda (Cockerell and Parrott) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Melia azadirachta (Sahraeian and Abassi, 2016).

Metaphycus claviger (Timberlake, 1916) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Davoodi et al., 2004a,b; Lotfalizadeh, 2010a), Razavi Khorasan (Talebi et al., 2009), Tehran (Davoodi et al., 2004e; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: China, Iran, New Zealand.

Metaphycus flavus (Howard, 1881) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Ardabil (Ghahari and Abd-Rabou, 2012), Iran (no specific locality) (Herting, 1972; Guerrieri and Noyes, 2000; Lotfalizadeh, 2010a). General distribution: Albania, Argentina, Australia, Azerbaijan, Barbados, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica,

124

Chapter 5

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Egypt, France, Georgia, Greece, Grenada, Hawaii, Honduras, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Lebanon, Mexico, Montenegro, Morocco, Paraguay, Peru, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Russia, Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, United States of America, Uruguay. Host records in Iran: Coccus hesperidum L. (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Herting, 1972), Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Ghahari and Abd-Rabou, 2012). Metaphycus helvolus (Compere, 1926) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Caspian Sea area (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Esmaili, 2011), Golestan (Ghahari et al., 2010), Guilan (Esmaili, 2011), Isfahan (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005), Iran (no specific locality) (Trjapitzin, 1989; Noyes and Hayat, 1994; Guerrieri and Noyes, 2000; Esmaili et al., 2006). General distribution: Argentina, Australia, Bangladesh, Bermuda, Chile, Cuba, Cyprus, Ecuador, Egypt,Eritrea,France,Greece,Guam,Hawaii,Honduras, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Mexico, Morocco, Namibia, Netherlands, Pakistan, Peru, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Saissetia oleae (Olivier) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005; Esmaili et al., 2006; Esmaili, 2011), Coccus hesperidum L. (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Ghahari et al., 2010). Comments: Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2005) recorded Signiphora merceti Malenotti, 1916 (as Signiphora coquilletti Ashmead – misidentification) (Signiphoridae) as a hyperparasitoid of M. helvolus. Metaphycus hodzhevanishvilii Yasnosh, 1972 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Hesami et al., 2007; Lotfalizadeh, 2010a). General distribution: Georgia, Iran, Turkmenistan. Host records in Iran: Stotzia ephedrae (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Ephedra procera (Ephedraceae) (Hesami et al., 2007; Lotfalizadeh, 2010a).

Family Encyrtidae Walker, 1837

Metaphycus insidiosus (Mercet, 1921) Catalogues with Iranian records: Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: Zanjan (Ghahari and AbdRabou, 2012). General distribution: Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Eulecanium tiliae (L.) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Ghahari and Abd-Rabou, 2012). Metaphycus lounsburyi (Howard, 1898) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Caspian Sea area (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Esmaili, 2011), Lorestan (Golpayegani et al., 2010b), Markazi (Lotfalizadeh, 2010a,b), Iran (no specific locality) (Noyes and Hayat, 1994; Esmaili et al., 2006). General distribution: Albania, Argentina, Australia, Chile, Cyprus, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, France, Greece, Guam, Hawaii, Iran, Israel, Italy, Kenya, Libya, Mexico, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Peru, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, Tanzania, Tunisia, Turkey, United States of America, Uruguay. Host records in Iran: Saissetia oleae (Olivier) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Esmaili et al., 2006; Esmaili, 2011), Coccidae on almond, Eulecanium tiliae (L.) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Lotfalizadeh, 2010a). Metaphycus luteolus (Timberlake, 1916) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari (Samin et al., 2018). General distribution: Argentina, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bermuda, Georgia, Guam, Hawaii, Italy, Mexico, Peru, Russia, Spain, Ukraine, United States of America, former USSR. Metaphycus melanostomatus (Timberlake, 1916) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Ghahari and AbdRabou, 2012), Kordestan (Rastegar et al., 2012), Markazi (Lotfalizadeh, 2010a).

125

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

General distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Netherlands, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Coccidae on almond (Lotfalizadeh, 2010a), Parthenolecanium corni (Bouché) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on poplar (Populus sp., Salicaceae) (Rastegar et al., 2012), Eulecanium rugulosum (Archangelskaya) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Ghahari and Abd-Rabou, 2012).

General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Host records in Iran: Parthenolecanium corni (Bouché) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Juglans regia (Juglandaceae), Parthenolecanium sp. on Prunus spp. (Rosaceae) (Jalilvand et al., 2013, under Metaphycus near eruptor), Eulecanium sp. (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Amygdalus lycoides (Rosaceae) (Guerrieri and Ghahari, 2018). Comments: Fallahzadeh et al. (2018) stated that Metaphycus near eruptor (Howard, 1881), reported by Jalilvand et al. (2013), is actually M. prengoi and we therefore transfer all the data listed for Metaphycus near eruptor to M. prengoi.

Metaphycus nadius (Walker, 1838) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Samin et al., 2018). General distribution: Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, United Kingdom, former USSR.

Metaphycus pulvinariae (Howard, 1881) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Davoodi et al., 2004a,c; Lotfalizadeh, 2010a; Ebrahimi, 2014), Tehran (Davoodi et al., 2004e; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Canada, China, Iran, Japan, Mexico, Spain, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Didesmococcus unifasciatus (Archangelskeya) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Amygdalus sp. (Rosaceae) (Davoodi et al., 2004a,c,e; Lotfalizadeh, 2010a; Modarres Awal, 2012; Ebrahimi, 2014).

Metaphycus pappus (Walker, 1838) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Samin et al., 2018). General distribution: Azerbaijan, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ireland (north and south), Italy, Moldova, Netherlands, Russia, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Eulecanium tiliae (L.) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Samin et al., 2018). Metaphycus parthenolecanii Japoshvili, 2015 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Fallahzadeh et al., 2016), Kermanshah (Japoshvili et al., 2015). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Host records in Iran: Parthenolecanium corni (Bouché) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Juglans regia (Juglandaceae) and Prunus spp. (Rosaceae) (Japoshvili et al., 2015), Eulecanium tiliae (L.) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Prunus amygdalus (Fallahzadeh et al., 2016). Metaphycus prengoi Guerrieri and Ghahari, 2018 Catalogues with Iranian records: Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: Kermanshah (Jalilvand et al., 2013, as Metaphycus near eruptor (Howard, 1881); Guerrieri and Ghahari, 2018).

126

Metaphycus punctipes (Dalman, 1820) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari (Ebrahimi, 1993; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Esfandiari, 2002; Esfandiari et al., 2005; Ebrahimi, 2014), Fars (Ebrahimi, 1993; Lotfalizadeh, 2010a), Iran (no specific locality) (OILB, 1971). General distribution: Austria, Azerbaijan, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Japan, Lebanon, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine. Host records in Iran: Eulecanium tiliae (L.) (as E. coryli (L.)) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on quince tree (Rosaceae) (Ebrahimi, 1993; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Lotfalizadeh, 2010a; Ebrahimi, 2014), Sphaerolecanium prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Amygdalus sp. (Rosaceae) (Esfandiari 2002; Esfandiari et al., 2005).

Chapter 5

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Metaphycus silvestrii Sugonjaev, 1960 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Ghahari and AbdRabou, 2012), Isfahan (Rastegar et al., 2012). General distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Croatia, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Parthenolecanium corni (Bouché) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Ghahari and Abd-Rabou, 2012). Metaphycus stagnarum Hoffer, 1954 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Rastegar et al., 2012; Ghahari and Abd-Rabou, 2012), Guilan (Ghahari and Abd-Rabou, 2012). General distribution: Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Italy, Kazakhstan, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Turkey, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Parthenolecanium corni (Bouché) (Hemiptera: Coccidae), Pulvinaria floccifera (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Ghahari and Abd-Rabou, 2012), Pulvinaria sp. (Rastegar et al., 2012). Metaphycus stanleyi Compere, 1940 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Caspian Sea area (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Esmaili, 2011), Kermanshah (Jalilvand et al., 2013). General distribution: Argentina, Canada, Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Greece, Guam, Hawaii, Honduras, Iran, Israel, Italy, Kenya, Mexico, Namibia, Papua New Guinea, Peru, South Africa, Spain, Turkey, Uganda, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Saissetia oleae (Olivier) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Esmaili, 2011), Eulecanium tiliae (L.) (as E. coryli (L.)) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Parthenolecanium corni (Bouché) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Acer palmatum (Sapindaceae), Prunus amygdalus, Rosa sp. (Rosaceae), Gossyparia spuria (Modeer) (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae) on Ulmus sp. (Ulmaceae) (Jalilvand et al., 2013).

Family Encyrtidae Walker, 1837

Metaphycus zebratus (Mercet, 1917) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2014), Iran (no specific locality) (OILB, 1971; Lotfalizadeh, 2010a). General distribution: Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Parthenolecanium sp. (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (OILB, 1971), Didesmococcus unifasciatus (Archangelskeya) (Hemiptera: Coccidae), Lepidosaphes malicola Borchsenius (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2014). Metaphycus spp. Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Yazdani and Rajabi, 1993), Lorestan, Markazi (Golpayegani et al., 2010b). Host records in Iran: Eulecanium rugulosum (Archangelskaya) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Pistacia vera (Anacardiaceae) (Yazdani and Rajabi, 1993), Didesmococcus unifasciatus (Archangelskeya), Eulecanium tiliae (L.) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Golpayegani et al., 2010b). Genus Microterys Thomson, 1876 Microterys aeneiventris (Walker, 1837) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Northern Khorasan (Samin et al., 2018). General distribution: Armenia, Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Microterys bellae Trjapitzin, 1968 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: Ardabil (Rastegar et al., 2012), East Azarbaijan, Mazandaran (Ghahari and Abd-Rabou, 2012). General distribution: China, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Russia, Turkey.

127

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Host records in Iran: Rhodococcus perornatus (Cockerell and Parrott) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Ghahari and Abd-Rabou, 2012), Rhodococcus sp. on Rosa damascena (Rosaceae) (Rastegar et al., 2012). Microterys chalcostomus (Dalman, 1820) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Sakenin et al., 2018). General distribution: Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, China, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Pakistan, Poland, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Phenacoccus aceris (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Fraxinus pensylvanica (Oleaceae) (Sakenin et al., 2018). Microterys cneus Trjapitzin and Sugonjaev, 1976 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: Ardabil (Ghahari and Abd-Rabou, 2012), West Azarbaijan (Rastegar et al., 2012). General distribution: Russia, Turkey. Host records in Iran: Pulvinaria vitis (L.) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Cydonia sp. (Rosaceae) (Ghahari and Abd-Rabou, 2012; Rastegar et al., 2012). Microterys cuprinus (Nikol’skaya, 1952) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Fallahzadeh et al., 2016), Lorestan, Markazi (Golpayegani et al., 2010b). General distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Hungary. Host records in Iran: Didesmococcus unifasciatus (Archangelskeya) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Golpayegani et al., 2010b), Sphaerolecanium prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Prunus sp. (Rosaceae) (Fallahzadeh et al., 2016). Microterys darevskii Trjapitzin, 1968 Catalogues with Iranian records: Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Ardabil (Ghahari and AbdRabou, 2012), Markazi (Yousefi et al., 2018). General distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Turkmenistan. Host records in Iran: Sphaerolecanium prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Prunus sp. (Rosaceae) (Yousefi et al., 2018).

128

Microterys duplicatus (Nees, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Northern Khorasan (Sakenin et al., 2018). General distribution: Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Czech Republic, Finland, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Mongolia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Pulvinaria vitis (L.) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Vitis vinifera (Vitaceae) (Sakenin et al., 2018). Microterys ericeri Ishii, 1923 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Tehran (Davoodi, 2004, as Microterys nietneri (Motschulsky, 1859) [misidentification – see comment below]; Lotfalizadeh, 2010b). General distribution: China, Iran, Japan, Russia. Host records in Iran: Coccus hesperidum L. (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Davoodi, 2004, as Microterys nietneri (Motschulsky); Lotfalizadeh, 2010b). Comments: Davoodi (2004) reported M. ericeri as Microterys nietneri (Motschulsky) but the material belonged to two different species, M. ericeri and M. nietneri (Lotfalizadeh, 2010b). Microterys ferrugineus (Nees, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Hamadan (Samin et al., 2018). General distribution: Armenia, Austria, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Poland, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Kermococcus quercus (L.) (Hemiptera: Kermococcidae) (Samin et al., 2018). Microterys fuscipennis (Dalman, 1820) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Kordestan (Samin et al., 2018). General distribution: Austria, Azerbaijan, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Mongolia, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine. Microterys hortulanus Erdős, 1956 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019).

Chapter 5

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Ebrahimi, 2014), East Azarbaijan (Davoodi, 2004), Fars (Fallahzadeh et al., 2016), Kermanshah (Jalilvand et al., 2013), Lorestan, Markazi (Golpayegani et al., 2010b; Lotfalizadeh, 2010b), Mazandaran (Ghahari and Abd-Rabou, 2012), Tehran (Davoodi et al., 2002, 2004d,e; Davoodi, 2004; Lotfalizadeh, 2010b; Rajabi, 2011; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Kirgizia, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Eulecanium tiliae (L.) (as E. coryli (L.)) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Prunus spp. (Rosaceae) (Davoodi et al., 2002, 2004e; Lotfalizadeh, 2010b; Rajabi, 2011; Modarres Awal, 2012; Jalilvand et al., 2013; Fallahzadeh et al., 2016), Didesmococcus unifasciatus (Archangelskeya) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Davoodi et al., 2004e; Golpayegani et al., 2010b; Lotfalizadeh, 2010b; Ghahari and Abd-Rabou, 2012; Modarres Awal, 2012), Sphaerolecanium prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Davoodi et al., 2004d,e; Lotfalizadeh, 2010b; Golpayegani et al., 2010b; Modarres Awal, 2012; Ebrahimi, 2014). Microterys iranicus Japoshvili and Fallahzadeh, 2010 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili, 2010). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Host records in Iran: Sphaerolecanium prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Prunus scoparia (Rosaceae) (Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili, 2010). Microterys lunatus (Dalman, 1820) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Shojai, 1968, 1998; Ebrahimi, 1993, 2014; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), West Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al., 2010), Iran (no specific locality) (OILB, 1971). General distribution: Austria, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece,

Family Encyrtidae Walker, 1837

Hungary, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Mongolia, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Eulecanium tiliae (L.) (as E. coryli (L.)) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Malus sp. (Rosaceae) (Shojai, 1968, 1998; Ebrahimi, 1993, 2014; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Pulvinaria vitis (L.) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Ghahari et al., 2010). Microterys masii Silvestri, 1919 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan, Mazandaran, West Azarbaijan (Ghahari and Abd-Rabou, 2012), Iran (no specific locality) (OILB, 1971). General distribution: Algeria, Croatia, Cyprus, France, Germany, Greece, Iran, Israel, Italy, Montenegro, Spain, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Parthenolecanium sp. (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (OILB, 1971), Coccus hesperidum L. (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Ghahari and Abd-Rabou, 2012). Microterys nietneri (Motschulsky, 1859) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Ebrahimi, 2014), Guilan (Ghahari et al., 2010), Mazandaran (Farahbakhsh, 1961, as Microterys flavus (Howard, 1881); Davoodi et al., 2004d; Feli Kohikheili and Damavandian, 2017), Tehran (Davoodi et al., 2004d,e). General distribution: Argentina, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Belgium, Bermuda, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Egypt, Fiji, France, Georgia, Germany, Hawaii, Hungary, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Lebanon, Malaysia, Mexico, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Peru, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Turkey, United States of America, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Coccus hesperidum L. (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Davoodi et al., 2004d,e; Ghahari et al., 2010; Modarres Awal, 2012; Ebrahimi, 2014), Ceroplastes sinensis Guer (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Feli Kohikheili and Damavandian, 2017).

129

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Comments: Modarres Awal (2012) erroneously reported Fars as the locality of M. nietneri on the basis of Davoodi et al. (2004e), but it was recorded from Tehran by Davoodi et al. (2004e). Microterys nuticaudatus Xu, 2000 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Davoodi et al., 2003b, 2004a), Tehran (Davoodi et al., 2003b, 2004a,e; Ebrahimi, 2014). General distribution: China, Iran. Host records in Iran: Parthenolecanium corni (Bouché) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Morus sp. (Moraceae) (Davoodi et al., 2003b, 2004a,e; Modarres Awal, 2012; Ebrahimi, 2014). Comments: Modarres Awal (2012) erroneously reported Fars as the locality of M. nuticaudatus on the basis of Davoodi et al. (2004e), but it was recorded from Tehran by Davoodi et al. (2004e). Microterys obricoi Guerrieri and Ghahari, 2018 Catalogues with Iranian records: Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: Kermanshah (Guerrieri and Ghahari, 2018). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Host records in Iran: The species has been reared from Eulecanium sp. (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on walnut (Juglans regia, Juglandaceae) (Guerrieri and Ghahari, 2018). Microterys sylvius (Dalman, 1820) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al., 2010), Kermanshah (Jalilvand et al., 2012, 2013), Kordestan (Rastegar et al., 2012), Mazandaran, West Azarbaijan (Ghahari and Abd-Rabou, 2012). General distribution: Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Lebanon, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Eulecanium tiliae (L.) (as E. coryli (L.)) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Ghahari et al., 2010), Parthenolecanium corni (Bouché) (Hemiptera:

130

Coccidae) on Juglans regia (Juglandaceae) (Jalilvand et al., 2012, 2013), Eulecanium tiliae (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Rastegar et al., 2012), Didesmococcus unifasciatus (Archangelskeya) (Hemiptera: Coccidae), Eulecanium ficiphilum Borchsenius (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Ghahari and Abd-Rabou, 2012). Microterys tessellatus (Dalman, 1820) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Samin et al., 2019). General distribution: Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Georgia, Germany, Greenland, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Eulecanium tiliae (L.) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Samin et al., 2019). Microterys tricoloricornis (De Stefani, 1886) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: Markazi (Yousefi et al., 2018), Mazandaran (Ghahari et al., 2010), Qazvin (Ghahari et al., 2013). General distribution: Georgia, Greece, Israel, Italy, Mexico, Russia, Spain, Turkey, Turkmenistan, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Saissetia oleae (Olivier) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Ghahari et al., 2010), Coccus hesperidum L. (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Vitis vinifera (Vitaceae) (Ghahari et al., 2013), Parthenolecnium persicae (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Morus sp. (Moraceae) (Yousefi et al., 2018). Genus Ooencyrtus Ashmead, 1900 Ooencyrtus cinctus Prinsloo, 1987 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Tehran (Baniameri and Mohammadi-Pour, 2007; Lotfalizadeh, 2010b; Maleki, 2011; Maleki et al., 2012). General distribution: Iran, South Africa. Host records in Iran: Bucculatrix ulmella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Bucculatricidae) on Ulmus sp. (Ulmaceae) (Baniameri and Mohammadi-Pour, 2007;

Chapter 5

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Lotfalizadeh, 2010b; Maleki, 2011; Maleki et al., 2012). Ooencyrtus egeria Huang and Noyes, 1994 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Mohammadpour et al., 2014, 2016; Sheikh-Akbari et al., 2017, 2018a,b). General distribution: India. Host records in Iran: Egg parasitoid of Brachynema germari (Kolenati) (Mohammadpour et al., 2016), Acrosternum arabicum Wagner (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) (Sheikh-Akbari et al., 2017, 2018a,b). Comments: The biology of O. egeria as an egg parasitoid of Acrosternum arabicum Wagner (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) was studied by Sheikh-Akbari et al. (2018a,b) under laboratory conditions. Ooencyrtus ferdowsii Ebrahimi and Noyes, 2015 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Southern Khorasan (Ebrahimi et al., 2015). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Host records in Iran: Egg parasitoid of Osphranteria coerulescens Redtenbacher (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) on Prunus sp. (Ebrahimi et al., 2015). Ooencyrtus iranicus Hayat and Mehrnejad, 2016 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Semnan (Hayat and Mehrnejad, 2016). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Host records in Iran: Egg parasitoid of the pistachio green stink bugs, Brachynema germari (Kolenati) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on Pistacia vera (Anacardiaceae) (Hayat and Mehrnejad, 2016). Ooencyrtus kuvanae (Howard, 1910) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Lotfalizadeh, 2000a; Lotfalizadeh and Ahmadi, 2000; Xu and Lotfalizadeh, 2000; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Algeria, Austria, Bosnia Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Germany, Iran, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Macedonia,

Family Encyrtidae Walker, 1837

Moldova, Morocco, Nigeria, North Korea, Portugal, Romania, Russia, South Korea, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Taiwan, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Chrysopidae cocoon (Neuroptera) (Xu and Lotfalizadeh, 2000; Modarres Awal, 2012), Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens), Suarius fedtschenkoi (McLachlan) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) on cypress tree (Cupressaceae) (Lotfalizadeh, 2000a; Lotfalizadeh and Ahmadi, 2000). Comments: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017) stated that O. kuvanae is based on misidentifications of Coccidoxenoides perminutus Girault. Ooencyrtus kuvanae was reported many times from Iran by different authors, and especially on the basis of host rearings from Neuroptera. However, no species of Neuroptera has so far been recorded as the host of C. perminutus (see Noyes, 2019) and we therefore consider O. kuvanae as part of the fauna of Iran. Ooencyrtus masii (Mercet, 1921) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Sabahi et al., 1998, 1999, as Ooencyrtus cf. masii; Modarres Awal, 2012), Tehran (Askari and Khalili Mahani, 2004; Omid et al., 2005). General distribution: Bulgaria, China, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Morocco, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Parocneria terebynthina (Staudinger) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) on wild pistachio trees (Pistacia atlantica) (Anacardiaceae) (Sabahi et al., 1998, 1999; Askari and Khalili Mahani, 2004; Omid et al., 2005; Modarres Awal, 2012, under Ocneria terebynthina). Ooencyrtus nigerrimus Ferrière and Voegelé, 1961 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz, Hamadan, Lorestan, Markazi, Tehran (Rajabi and Amir-Nazari, 1989; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Iran (no specific locality) (Khanjani, 2006; Japoshvili et al., 2017). General distribution: Iran, Morocco. Host records in Iran: Aelia acuminata (L.), Aelia furcula Fieber, 1868, Aelia melanota Fieber, Aelia virgata (Herrich-Schäffer), Carpocoris fuscispinus

131

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

(Boheman), Dolycoris baccarum (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) (Modarres Awal, 2012), Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae) (Rajabi and Amir-Nazari, 1989; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Khanjani, 2006). Ooencyrtus ocneriae Hayat and Mehrnejad, 2019 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Hayat and Mehrnejad, 2019). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Host records in Iran: Parocneria terebynthina (Staudinger) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) on Pistacia vera (Anacardiaceae) (Hayat and Mehrnejad, 2019, under Ocneria terebynthina). Ooencyrtus pistaciae Hayat and Mehrnejad, 2016 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Hayat and Mehrnejad, 2016). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Host records in Iran: Egg parasitoid of the pistachio green stink bugs, Brachynema germari (Kolenati) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on Pistacia vera (Anacardiaceae) (Hayat and Mehrnejad, 2016). Ooencyrtus pityocampae (Mercet, 1921) Ooencyrtus fecundus Ferrière and Voegelé, 1961 (synonymized by Samra et al., 2018). Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh, 2010b, as Ooencyrtus fecundus), Guilan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2016 – in rice field), Kerman (Mohammadpour et al., 2014, 2015), generally distributed (Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Albania, Algeria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, France, Greece, Iran, Israel, Italy, Mexico, Morocco, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Tunisia, Turkey, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Egg parasitoid of sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae) (Lotfalizadeh, 2010b; Modarres Awal, 2012; Nassiri et al., 2018, as Ooencyrtus fecundus), and pistachio stink bugs, Brachynema signatum Jakovlev (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) (Mohammadpour et al., 2014, 2015). Comments: Some biological characteristics of O. pityocampae as an egg parasitoid of Brachynema

132

signatum Jakovlev (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) were studied by Mohammadpour et al. (2013) under laboratory conditions. Ooencyrtus telenomicida (Vassiliev, 1904) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Iranipour, 1996; Ghahari, 2019b), East Azarbaijan (Iranipour et al., 1998), Guilan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2016 – in rice field), Hamadan, Lorestan, Zanjan (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Isfahan (Safavi, 1974), Kerman (Hashemi Rad, 1999; Hasehmi Rad et al., 2002), Markazi (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Ghahari, 2019c), Mazandaran (Davatchi and Shojai, 1969; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998), Qazvin (Noori et al., 2003), Semnan (Hayat and Mehrnejad, 2016; Ghahari, 2019b), Tehran (Farahbakhsh, 1961, as Schedius telenomicida (Vassiliev, 1904); Shojai, 1968, 1998; Davatchi and Shojai, 1969; Rajabi and Amir-Nazari, 1989; Iranipour, 1996; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Samin, 2010; Ghahari, 2015, 2019b,c), Iran (no specific locality) (Herting, 1972; Trjapitzin, 1989; Zhang et al., 2005; Khanjani, 2006). General distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Egypt, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Madeira, Montenegro, Morocco, Pakistan, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Syria, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Aelia spp., Dolycoris baccarum (L.), Carpocoris fuscipinus (Boheman) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae) in cereal fields (Gramineae) (Shojai, 1968, 1998; Davatchi and Shojai, 1969; Rajabi and Amir-Nazari, 1989; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Iranipour et al., 1998; Khanjani, 2006; Samin, 2010; Ghahari, 2015), Acrosternum spp., Brachynema spp. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on Pistacia vera (Anacardiaceae) (Hashemi Rad et al., 2002), Aelia acuminata (L.), Aelia furcula Fieber, Aelia melanota Fieber, Aelia virgata (Herrich-Schäffer) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Brachynema germarii (Kolenati) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on Pistacia vera (Anacardiaceae) (Hayat and Mehrnejad, 2016; Mohammadpour et al., 2016).

Chapter 5

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Ooencyrtus sp. Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Mehrnejad, 2013). Host records in Iran: Mehrnejad (2013) studied the abundance and diversity of parasitoids attacking two stink bugs, Brachynema germari (Kolenati) and Acrosternum arabicum Wagner (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on Pistacia vera (Anacardiaceae), and reported Ooencyrtus sp., a facultative parasitoid for eggs of stink bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Genus Paraphaenodiscus Girault, 1915 Paraphaenodiscus sugonjaevi Myartseva, 1980 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Shirasa = Shiraz) (Myartseva, 1980), Iran (no specific locality) (Trjapitzin, 1989). General distribution: Iran, Turkmenistan. Genus Prionomitus Mayr, 1876 Prionomitus mitratus (Dalman, 1820) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Ilam (Lotfalizadeh, 2010b), Semnan (Dezianian, 1998; Dezianian and Sahragard, 2000, 2004, all as Prionomitus near mitratus). General distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Canada, Costa Rica, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Lithuania, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Agonoscena pistaciae (Burckhardt and Lauterer) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) on Pistacia vera (Anacardiaceae) (Dezianian, 1998; Dezianian and Sahragard, 2000, 2004; Modarres Awal, 2012). Comments: Modarres Awal (2012) erroneously reported P. mitratus from Kerman with reference to Dezianian and Sahragard (2000), but it was actually recorded from Semnan by these authors. Prionomitus spp. Distribution in Iran: Iran (no specific locality) (Kiriukhin, 1947; Yazdani and Mehrnejad, 1993).

Family Encyrtidae Walker, 1837

Host records in Iran: Agonoscena cisti (Puton) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) (Kiriukhin, 1947; Yazdani and Mehrnejad, 1993).

Genus Prochiloneurus Silvestri, 1915 Prochiloneurus aegyptiacus (Mercet, 1929) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Hesami and Fallahzadeh, 2004b; Fallahzadeh et al., 2007; Alizadeh et al., 2013; Moravvej et al., 2016), Hormozgan (Fallahzadeh et al., 2016), Khuzestan (Asadeh and Mossadegh, 1991; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Zarghami et al., 2012, all as Prochiloneurus indicus Shafee Alam and Agarwal, 1975; Alizadeh et al., 2013; Moravvej et al., 2016, 2018; Booshi et al., 2019; Tamoli Torfi et al., 2019a), Razavi Khorasan (Nazari et al., 2018, as P. indicus), Iran (no specific locality) (OILB, 1971). New material examined: Mazandaran province, Qaemshahr, 5♀, September 2013, ex Planococcus citri (Rissio, 1813) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Citrus aurantium (Rutaceae). General distribution: Afghanistan, Algeria, Congo, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Namibia, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Tanzania, Togo, Turkmenistan, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Pseudococcidae (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Homalotylus quaylei Timberlake (Encyrtidae) (OILB, 1971), Anagyrus spp. (Encyrtidae) (Hesami and Fallahzadeh, 2004b; Alizadeh et al., 2013), Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Morus alba (Moraceae) (Hesami and Fallahzadeh, 2004b; Fallahzadeh et al., 2007; Alizadeh et al., 2013), Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Citrus sp. (Rutaceae) and Morus alba (Moraceae) (Asadeh and Mossadegh, 1991; Moravvej et al., 2016), Nephus arcuatus (Kapur) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) (Zarghami et al., 2012), Nephus hiekei (Fürsch, 1965) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on Sesamum indicum (Pedaliaceae), Homalotylus turkmenicus Myartseva (Encyrtidae) (Fallahzadeh et al., 2016), Peliococcus kimmericus (Kiritshenko) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Nazari et al., 2018), Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Booshi et al., 2019; Tamoli Torfi et al., 2019a).

133

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Prochiloneurus bolivari Mercet, 1919 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Fallahzadeh et al., 2008a, 2011; Modarres Awal, 2012; Alizadeh et al., 2013; Moravvej et al., 2016), Hormozgan (Fallahzadeh et al., 2016), Kerman (Abd-Rabou et al., 2011), Kermanshah (Ghahari et al., 2010), Khuzestan (Alizadeh et al., 2013; Mossadegh et al., 2015; Moravvej et al., 2016; Booshi et al., 2019), Markazi (Lotfalizadeh, 2010b). General distribution: Afghanistan, Algeria, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Congo, Croatia, Czech Republic, Egypt, Finland, France, Georgia, Hungary, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Lithuania, Moldova, Mongolia, Nigeria, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on grape (Fallahzadeh et al., 2008a, 2011; Alizadeh et al., 2013; Mossadegh et al., 2015; Moravvej et al., 2016), Coccidae (Hemiptera) on almond (Lotfalizadeh, 2010b), Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Alizadeh et al., 2013; Mossadegh et al., 2015), M. hirsutus on Vachellia nilotica (Fabaceae), Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Abutilon indicum (Malvaceae) (Fallahzadeh et al., 2016; Booshi et al., 2019); hyperparasitoid of insects (Modarres Awal, 2012). Prochiloneurus pulchellus Silvestri, 1915 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Khuzestan (Japoshvili and Noyes, 2005; Moravvej et al., 2016). General distribution: Cameroon, Congo, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Madagascar, Malawi, Nigeria, Oman, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Thailand, Togo, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. Host records in Iran: Pseudococcus sp. (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Tamarix sp. (Tamaricaceae) (Japoshvili and Noyes, 2005; Moravvej et al., 2016). Prochiloneurus rex (Girault, 1920) Catalogues with Iranian records: None.

134

Distribution in Iran: Khuzestan (Tamoli Torfi et al., 2019a). General distribution: India, Philippines, Puerto Rico. Host records in Iran: Hyperparasitoid of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Tamoli Torfi et al., 2019a). Prochiloneurus spp. Distribution in Iran: Fars (Bassiri and Salimie, 1993; Ghajarieh et al., 2014), Khuzestan (Mossadegh and Kocheili, 2003; Moravvej et al., 2016). Comments: Hyperparasitic on other encyrtids that are primary parasitoids of Eulecanium tiliae (L.) (as E. coryli (L.)) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Bassiri and Salimie, 1993) and Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Ghajarieh et al., 2014). Genus Psyllaephagus Ashmead, 1900 Psyllaephagus belanensis (Hoffer, 1963) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: Hormozgan (Fallahzadeh et al., 2016). General distribution: Azerbaijan, former Czechoslovakia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia, Slovakia. Host records in Iran: Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) on Citrus limon (Rutaceae) (Fallahzadeh et al., 2016). Psyllaephagus cellulatus Waterston, 1922 Catalogues with Iranian records: Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: Yazd (Rounagh et al., 2016). General distribution: Croatia, Ghana, Iraq, Montenegro. Host records in Iran: Parasitoid of Rhinocola sp. (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) on Populus euphratica (Salicaceae) (Rounagh et al., 2016). Psyllaephagus claripes Trjapitzin, 1967 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Hamadan (Rajabi Mazhar et al., 2003; Rajabi Mazhar and Sadeghi, 2006), Isfahan (Roshani and Abbasipour, 2017). General distribution: Iran, Russia. Host records in Iran: Psyllopsis repens Loginova (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) on Fraxinus sp. (Oleaceae)

Chapter 5

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

(Rajabi Mazhar et al., 2003; Rajabi Mazhar and Sadeghi, 2006), Agonoscena pistaciae (Burckhardt and Lauterer, 1989) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) on Pistacia vera (Anacardiaceae) (Roshani and Abbasipour, 2017). Psyllaephagus pistaciae Ferrière, 1961 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh, 2010b), Isfahan (Roshani and Abbasipour, 2017), Kerman (Ferrière, 1961; Herting, 1972; Trjapitzin, 1989; Mehrnejad et al., 1995; Ebrahimi et al., 1998; Emami, 2001; Emami and Mehrnejad, 2002, 2004, 2006; Mehrnejad, 2002a,b,c, 2008, 2014; Mehrnejad and Emami, 2005; Mehrnejad and Copland, 2006, 2007; Modarres Awal, 2012), Razavi Khorasan (Jalaeian et al., 2011), Semnan (Assar, 2001), Iran (no specific locality) (Ferrière, 1961; Herting, 1972; Trjapitzin, 1989; Mehrnejad et al., 2006; Mehrnejad, 2010). General distribution: Greece, Iran, Turkey. Host records in Iran: Agonoscena pistaciae (Burckhardt and Lauterer) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) on Pistacia vera (Anacardiaceae) (Ferrière, 1961; Ebrahimi et al., 1998; Assar, 2001; Emami, 2001; Emami and Mehrnejad, 2002, 2004, 2006; Mehrnejad, 2002a,b,c, 2008, 2010, 2014; Mehrnejad and Copland, 2006, 2007; Mehrnejad et al., 2006; Lotfalizadeh, 2010b; Jalaeian et al., 2011; Modarres Awal, 2012; Roshani and Abbasipour, 2017). Psyllaephagus procerus (Mercet, 1921) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Moghbeli-Gharaei et al., 2013). General distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Mongolia, Poland, Russia, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine. Host records in Iran: Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) on Citrus limetta (Rutaceae) (Moghbeli-Gharaei et al., 2013). Psyllaephagus pulchellus (Mercet, 1921) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Fallahzadeh et al., 2016).

Family Encyrtidae Walker, 1837

General distribution: Croatia, Greece, Montenegro, Spain, Turkey, former Yugoslavia. Psyllaephagus stenopsyllae (Tachikawa, 1963) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Sahraeian et al., 2016), Hormozgan (Ameri et al., 2006; Hasanpour et al., 2009; Modarres Awal, 2012), Sistan & Baluchestan (Modarres Awal, 2012; Motamedinia et al., 2014). General distribution: China, Iran, Japan, Taiwan. Host records in Iran: Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) on Citrus sp. (Rutaceae) (Ameri et al., 2006; Hasanpour et al., 2009; Modarres Awal, 2012; Motamedinia et al., 2014; Sahraeian et al., 2016). Psyllaephagus zdeneki Noyes and Fallahzadeh, 2005 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Noyes and Fallahzadeh, 2005; Asadi et al., 2012). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Host records in Iran: Euphyllura pakistanica Loginova (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) on Oleae europea (Oleaceae) (Noyes and Fallahzadeh, 2005; Asadi et al., 2010, 2012). Psyllaephagus spp. Distribution in Iran: Fars (Modarres Awal, 1997; Fallahzadeh et al., 2000), Guilan, Isfahan (Modarres Awal, 1997), Kerman (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Modarres Awal, 1997). Host records in Iran: Agonoscena targionii (Lichtenstein) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Behdad, 1991; Modarres Awal, 1997), Euphyllura olivina (Costa) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) (Behdad, 1991; Fallahzadeh et al., 2000), Cyamophila dicora Loginova (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) (Modarres Awal, 1997). Comments: We consider that the distribution and host record of Psyllaephagus sp. by Farahbakhsh (1961) and Behdad (1991) could be P. pistaciae. Genus Psyllaphycus Hayat, 1972 Psyllaphycus diaphorinae (Hayat, 1972) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Emami, 2001; Mehrnejad and Emami, 2005).

135

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

General distribution: India, Pakistan. Host records in Iran: Agonoscena pistaciae (Burckhardt and Lauterer) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) on Pistacia vera (Anacardiaceae) (Emami, 2001; Mehrnejad and Emami, 2005). Genus Syrphophagus Ashmead, 1900 Syrphophagus aeruginosus (Dalman, 1820) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh, 2000b; Ghahari and Abd-Rabou, 2012; Modarres Awal, 2012), Fars (Xu and Lotfalizadeh, 2000). General distribution: Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, India, Iran, Israel, Macedonia, Madeira, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Syrphidae (Diptera) (Xu and Lotfalizadeh, 2000; Modarres Awal, 2012), Sphaerophoria spp., Eupeodes corollae (Fabricius) (Diptera: Syrphidae) (Lotfalizadeh, 2000b) and Episyrphus balteatus (DeGeer) (Diptera: Syrphidae) (Lotfalizadeh, 2000b; Xu and Lotfalizadeh, 2000; Ghahari and AbdRabou, 2012). Syrphophagus aphidivorus (Mayr, 1876) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Ardabil (Lotfalizadeh, 2002, as Aphidencyrtus aphidivorus (Mayr, 1876), 2010b), Kerman (Yazdani and Mehrnejad, 1993; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Ebrahimi et al., 1998; Emami, 2001; Emami and Mehjrnejad, 2002, 2004, 2006; Mehrnejad, 2002b; Japoshvili and Noyes, 2005; Mehrnejad and Emami, 2005; Moravvej et al., 2016), Khuzestan (Rezaei et al., 2006, 2010; Farsi et al., 2009; Modarres Awal, 2012, all as A. aphidivorus; Moravvej et al., 2016, 2018), Razavi Khorasan (Lotfalizadeh, 2010b; Dorsouei et al., 2011; Jalaeian et al., 2011; Farrokhzadeh et al., 2014), Sistan and Baluchastan (Rakhshani et al., 2005; Moravvej et al., 2016), Tehran (Rakhshani et al., 2004; Modarres Awal, 2012; Moravvej et al., 2016),

136

Iran (no specific locality) (Khanjani, 2005, 2006; Japoshvili and Abrantes, 2006). General distribution: Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Brazil, Bulgaria, Chile, China, Croatia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Egypt, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hawaii, Hungary, India, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Pakistan, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Agonoscena pistaciae (Burckhardt and Lauterer) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) on Pistacia vera (Anacardiaceae) (Yazdani and Mehrnejad, 1993; Ebrahimi et al., 1998; Emami, 2001; Emami and Mehjrnejad, 2002, 2004, 2006; Mehrnejad, 2002b; Mehrnejad and Emami, 2005; Jalaeian et al., 2011; Modarres Awal, 2012; Moravvej et al., 2016), Aphis craccivora C.L. Koch, Aphis gossypii (Glover) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Alhagi camlorum and Glycyrrhiza glabra (Papilionaceae) in pistachio orchards (Emami and Mehjrnejad, 2004, 2006; Mehrnejad and Emami, 2005; Moravvej et al., 2016), Chromaphis juglandicola (Kaltenbach) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Rakhshani et al., 2004; Moravvej et al., 2016), Agonoscena targionii (Lichtenstein) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) (Japoshvili and Noyes, 2005), Pauesia antennata (Mukerji) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) (Rakhshani et al., 2005; Moravvej et al., 2016), A. gossypii (Lotfalizadeh, 2002, 2010b; Khanjani, 2005, 2006), Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Farsi et al., 2009; Modarres Awal, 2012, on barley and wheat), Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach), Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in colza fields (Farsi et al., 2009), wheat aphids (Rezaei et al., 2010), Pterochloroides persicae (Cholodkovsky) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Rakhshani et al., 2005), Aphis fabae Scopoli (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Euonymus japonicus (Celastraceae) and Solanum nigrum (Solanaceae) (Lotfalizadeh, 2010b), Aphis punicae Passerini on Punica granatum (Lythraceae) (Farrokhzadeh et al., 2014); hyperparasitoid of Psyllaephagus pistaciae Ferrière (Encyrtidae) (Modarres Awal, 2012). Comments: Moodi and Mossadegh (2006) recorded Aphidencyrtus sp. (Aphidencyrtus Ashmead = Syrphophagus Ashmead) from Khuzestan, erroneously

Chapter 5

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

under the family Pteromalidae as a parasitoid of Aphis fabae Scopoli (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Syrphophagus ariantes (Walker, 1837) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2016 – in rice field), Khuzestan (Rezaei et al., 2006; Moravvej et al., 2016). General distribution: Armenia, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Georgia, Italy, Moldova, Russia, Slovakia. Host records in Iran: Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Rezaei et al., 2006; Moravvej et al., 2016). Syrphophagus arundinicola Hoffer, 1965 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2016 – in rice field), Khuzestan (Rezaei et al., 2006; Modarres Awal, 2012, both as Aphidencyrtus arundinicola (Hoffer, 1965); Moravvej et al., 2016, 2018). General distribution: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Hungary, Lithuania, Moldova, Mongolia, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Hyperparasitoid of Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Rezaei et al., 2006; Moravvej et al., 2016). Syrphophagus herbidus (Dalman, 1820) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Sakenin et al., 2018). General distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Moldova, Mongolia, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Turkmenistan, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Lepidosaphes ulmi (L.) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Sakenin et al., 2018). Syrphophagus mamitus (Walker, 1837) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Abd-Rabou et al., 2011), Kermanshah (Ghahari et al., 2010), Northern Khorasan (Ghahari et al., 2013). General distribution: Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Georgia, Germany, Latvia, Moldova,

Family Encyrtidae Walker, 1837

Montenegro, Netherlands, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Genus Teleterebratus Compere and Zinna, 1955 Teleterebratus perversus Compere and Zinna, 1955 Catalogues with Iranian records: Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Toorani et al., 2017, 2019; Toorani and Abbasipour, 2019). General distribution: China, India. Host records in Iran: Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni-Tozzetti) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) in kiwi orchards (Toorani et al., 2017, 2019; Toorani and Abbasipour, 2019). Comments: Distribution of T. perversus is restricted to China and India (Noyes, 2019) and its presence in Iran is doubtful and needs confirmation. Genus Thomsonisca Ghesquière, 1946 Thomsonisca amathus (Walker, 1838) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Hamadan (Samin et al., 2018). General distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Georgia, Germany, Greenland, Hungary, India, Japan, Montenegro, Pakistan, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni Tozzetti) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Samin et al., 2018). Thomsonisca sp. Distribution in Iran: Khuzestan (Moravvej et al., 2018). Genus Trechnites Thomson, 1876 Trechnites insidiosus (Crawford, 1910) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Hamadan (Abd-Rabou et al., 2011, as Trechnites psyllae (Ruschka, 1923)), Semnan (Ghahari et al., 2013, as T. psyllae), Tehran (Behdad, 1991), Iran (no specific locality) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012 under Chalcididae). General distribution: Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Canada, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Kirgizia,

137

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Moldova, Mongolia, Poland, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uzbekistan. Host records in Iran: Cacopsylla pyricola Förster (as Psylla pyricola Förster) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) (Behdad, 1991; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Psylla sp. (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) on Alnus sp. (Betulaceae) (Ghahari et al., 2013). Comments: Esmaili (2011) recorded Trechnites sp. from Karaj (Alborz province) as a parasitoid of Cacopsylla pyricola Förster (Hemiptera: Psyllidae); because some specimens of Trechnites insidiosus were collected from the same area we consider that the species could be T. insidiosus. Genus Trichomasthus Thomson, 1876 Trichomasthus albimanus Thomson, 1876 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Ghahari et al., 2013), Isfahan (Ghahari et al., 2010), Khuzestan (Moravvej et al., 2018). General distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Croatia, former Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Coccus hesperidum L. (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Ghahari et al., 2010), Coccus pseudomagnoliarum (Kuwana) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Citrus sp. (Rutaceae) (Ghahari et al., 2013). Trichomasthus cyaneus (Dalman, 1820) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Distribution in Iran: Kerman, Mazandaran (Ghahari et al., 2010). General distribution: Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Pulvinaria vitis (L.) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Populus sp. (Salicaceae) (Ghahari et al., 2010, 2013).

138

Genus Tyndarichus Howard, 1910 Tyndarichus melanacis (Dalman, 1820) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Ghahari, 2019a). General distribution: Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, India, Italy, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Moldova, Montenegro, Norway, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Transcaucasus, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Host record in Iran: Zeuzera pyrina (L.) (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) (Ghahari, 2019a). Genus Zaomma Ashmead, 1900 Zaomma lambinus (Walker, 1838) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz, Tehran (Rajabi, 1989, 2011; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998, all as Apterencyrtus microphagus), Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari, Fars (Rajabi, 1989; Modarres Awal, 1997, as Chiloneurinus microphagus (Mayr 1876); Modarres Awal, 2012, as A. microphagus (Mayr 1876)), East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2014), Guilan (Ghahari et al., 2010), Isfahan (Rajabi, 1989; Modarres Awal, 1997, as C. microphagus; Masjedian, 2001; Mansouri, 2005; Mansouri et al., 2010; Modarres Awal, 2012, as A. microphagus; Jalaeian et al., 2013), Lorestan (Golpayegani et al., 2010b; Lotfalizadeh, 2010b), Markazi (Rajabi, 1989; Modarres Awal, 2012, both as A. microphagus; Modarres Awal, 1997, as C. microphagus; Golpayegani et al., 2010b), Mazandaran (Ghahari, 2019a), Semnan (Rajabi, 1989, 2011; Modarres Awal, 1997, as C. microphagus; Modarres Awal, 2012, as A. microphagus; Mirseyed et al., 2013), Iran (no specific locality) (Trjapitzin, 1989). General distribution: Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Hawaii, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Italy, Japan, Lebanon, Mauritius, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, South Korea, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia.

Chapter 5

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Host records in Iran: Chlidaspis asiatica (Archangelskaya) (as Tecaspis asiatica Balachowsky) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on Rosaceae fruit trees (Rajabi, 1989; Shojai, 1998; Golpayegani et al., 2010b; Modarres Awal, 2012), Lepidosaphes malicola Borchsenius (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Rajabi, 1989, 2011; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2014; Ghahari, 2019a), Lepidosaphes pistaciae Archangelskaya (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on Pistacia vera (Anacardiaceae) (Masjedian, 2001; Mansouri, 2005; Mansouri et al., 2010; Jalaeian et al., 2013), Mesolecanium nigrofasciatum (Pergande) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Ghahari et al., 2010), Lepidosaphes ulmi (L.) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Golpayegani et al., 2010b), Lepidosaphes sp. on plum (Lotfalizadeh, 2010b), Didesmococcus unifasciatus (Archangelskeya) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2014).

Species excluded from the fauna of Iran Fallahzadeh et al. (2018) considered seven species, Blastothrix erythrostetha, Mayridia procera, Metaphycus insidiosus, Microterys darevskii, Monstranusia antennata, Rhopus acaetes and Tetracnemoidea peregrina, as doubtful records for the fauna of Iran. Among these, two species, Monstranusia antennata and Rhopus acaetes, are excluded because of misidentifications, but the occurrence of the other five species in Iran is confirmed. Below, a total of five species are excluded from the fauna of Iran. Genus Homalotylus Mayr, 1876 Homalotylus sinensis Xu and He, 1997 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019). Reported distribution in Iran: Tehran (Ameri, 2006; Ameri et al., 2007; Talebi et al., 2008). General distribution: China, Iran. Host records reported in Iran: Exochomus nigromaculatus (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Exochomus quadripustulatus (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on cypress tree (Cupressaceae) associated with Planococcus vovae (Nasonov) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Ameri, 2006; Ameri et al., 2007; Talebi et al., 2008). Comments: Homalotylus sinensis was recorded by Fallahzadeh et al. (2006a,c) from Fars province, but Fallahzadeh et al. (2016), Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017) and Fallahzadeh et al. (2018)

Family Encyrtidae Walker, 1837

stated that the reports were misidentifications of Homalotylus turkmenicus Myartseva. We therefore transfer all the distribution and host data listed for H. sinensis to H. turkmenicus. Homalotylus sinensis is restricted to China and presence of this species in Iran is unlikely unless it was introduced accidentally. Genus Metaphycus Mercet, 1917 Metaphycus angustifrons Compere, 1957 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010), Noyes (2019). Reported distribution in Iran: Alborz (Davoodi et al., 2004d; Ebrahimi, 2014), Tehran (Davoodi et al., 2003a,c, 2004e; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: China, Hong Kong, Iran, Israel, Japan, Taiwan, United States of America. Host records reported in Iran: Coccus hesperidum L. (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Robinia sp. (Papilionaceae), Morus sp. (Moraceae), Ailanthus sp. (Simaroubaceae), Diospyros sp. (Ebenaceae) (Davoodi et al., 2003a,c, 2004d,e; Modarres Awal, 2012; Ebrahimi, 2014). Comments: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2017) stated that M. angustifrons was based on misidentifications of Metaphycus davoodii Lotfalizadeh and we do not consider this species as belonging to the fauna of Iran and transfer all its data to M. davoodii. Genus Monstranusia Trjapitzin, 1964 Monstranusia antennata (Narayanan, 1960) Catalogues with Iranian records: Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Reported distribution in Iran: Razavi Khorasan (Samin, 2015). General distribution: Afghanistan, Egypt, India, Kenya, Nigeria, Pakistan, South Africa. Comments: Re-examination of the specimens identified as M. antennata by Samin (2015) proved they were Monstranusia mirabilissima Trjapitzin and we therefore exclude M. antennata from the fauna of Iran and transfer its data to M. mirabilissima. It does, however, remain possible that M. antennata does occur in Iran. Genus Paranathrix Myartseva, 1980 Paranathrix tachikawai (Shafee, Alam and Agarwal, 1975) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010, 2017), Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018), Noyes (2019).

139

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Reported distribution in Iran: Hormozgan (Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili, 2010). General distribution: India, Iran. Comments: Examination of specimens preserved in the Natural History Museum, London, indicates that the material collected from Hormozgan (southern Iran) by Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili (2010) is Paranathrix acanthococci (Myartseva), and not P. tachikawai, and we therefore do not consider P. tachikawai as part of the fauna of Iran and transfer its distribution data to P. acanthococci. Genus Rhopus Förster, 1856 Rhopus acaetes (Walker, 1844) Catalogues with Iranian records: Guerrieri and Ghahari (2018). Reported distribution in Iran: Lorestan (Ghahari et al., 2013). General distribution: Denmark, Sweden, United Kingdom. Host records reported in Iran: Peliococcopsis priesneri (Laing) (as Peliococcopsis caucasicus (Borchsenius)) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Cynodon dactylon (Poaceae) (Ghahari et al., 2013). Comments: Re-examination of the specimens identified as Rhopus acaetes by Ghahari et al. (2013) proved they were misidentifications of Rhopus nigroclavatus (Ashmead) and we therefore exclude R. acaetes from the fauna of Iran and transfer its data to R. nigroclavatus. It does, however, remain possible that R. acaetes does occur in Iran.

References Abd-Rabou, Sh. and Ghahari, H. (2005) A list of hyperparasitoids of whiteflies and coccids (Homoptera) in Iran, with special study on Iranian Ablerus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research 83, 311–317. Abd-Rabou, Sh., Ghahari, H., Hedqvist, K.-J. and Ostovan, H. (2011) Parasitoid–host relationship bet ween Comperiella bifasciata Howard (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) with a list of Iranian Encyrtidae. Journal of Entomological Research 35, 1–8. Abd-Rabou, S., Samin, N., Sakenin Chelav, H., Amoughli Tabari, M., Trjapitzin, V.A. and Sureshan, P.M. (2019) New records of Encyrtidae, Eulophidae, Eurytomidae, Mymaridae, Pteromalidae and Torymidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Iran. Egyptian Journal of Plant Protection Research Institute 2, 648–652.

140

Alizadeh, Z. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2018) First record of a genus and species of Encyrtidae (Hym.: Chalcidoidea) from Iran. Proceedings of the 23rd Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 27–30 August 2018, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, p. 890. Alizadeh, M., Mossadegh, M.S. and Esfandiari, M. (2013) Natural enemies of Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and their population fluctuations in Ahvaz, southwest of Iran. Journal of Crop Protection 2, 13–21. Ameri, A. (2006) Identification of natural enemies of cypress mealybug, Planococcus vovae in Tehran and comparative biology of ladybirds, Exochomus nigomaculatus (Goeze) and Exochomus quadripustulatus (Linnaeus). MSc thesis of Entomology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 135 pp. [in Persian, English summary]. Ameri, A., Talebi, A.A., Xu, Z.H. and Rakhshani, E. (2006) Report of Psyllaephagus stenopsyllae (Hym., Encyrtidae) from Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 25, 83–84 [in Persian, English summary]. Ameri, A., Talebi, A.A., Fathipour, Y., Rakhshani, E. and Xu, Z.H. (2007) New host records of the ladybeetle parasitoid species Homalotylus sinensis in Iran (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Entomologia Generalis 30, 307–310. Andreason, S.A., Triapitsyn, S.V. and Perring, T.M. (2019) Untangling the Anagyrus pseudococci species complex (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), parasitoids of worldwide importance for biological control of mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae): genetic data corroborates separation of two new, previously misidentified species. Biological Control 129, 65–82. Asadeh, G.A. and Mossadegh, M.S. (1991) An investigation of the mealybug (Pseudococcus spp.) natural enemies fauna in the Khuzestan province. Proceedings of the 10th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 1–5 September 1991, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, p. 3. Asadeh, G.A. and Mossadegh, M.S. (1993) Important natural enemies of mealybugs (Pseudococcus spp.) in the Khuzestan province, Iran. The Scientific Journal of Agriculture 16, 46–52 [in Persian, English summary]. Asadi, R., Talebi, A.A., Khalghani, J., Fathipour, Y. and Moharramipour, S. (2010) Comparative demography of olive psyllid, Euphyllura pakistanica (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) and its parasitoid Psyllaephagus zdeneki (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) on yellow olive cultivar under laboratory conditions. Proceedings of IX European Congress of Entomology, 22–27 August 2010, Budapest, Hungary, p. 126. Asadi, R., Talebi, A.A., Khalghani, J., Fathipour, Y., Moharramipour, S. and Askari Siahooei, M. (2012) Agespecific functional response of Psyllaephagus zdeneki (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), parasitoid of Euphyllura pakistanica (Hemiptera: Psyllidae). Journal of Crop Protection 1, 1–15.

Chapter 5

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Askari, H. and Khalili Mahani, M. (2004) Study on the possibility to rearing of Ooencyrtus prob. masii (Hym.: Encyrtidae) egg parasitoid of Ocneria terebinthina (Lep.: Lymantriidae) in laboratory. Proceedings of the 3rd National Conference on the Development in the Application of Biological Products and Optimum Utilization of Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides in Agriculture, pp. 404–405 [in Persian]. Assar, M. (2001) Biology of pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae (Hom.: Aphalaridae) in Damghan and effects of releasing Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neu.: Chrysopidae) eggs integrated with using sticky yellow traps in reducing psylla population in different generation. MSc thesis of Entomology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, 99 pp. [in Persian, English summary]. Baniameri, V. (1996) Biology of two parasitic wasps, Anagyrus dactylopii (How.) and A. agraensis (Sara.) (Encyrtidae) and their effectiveness in controlling Nipaecoccus viridis (New) (Pseudococcidae) in Khuzestan province. MSc thesis of Entomology, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz [in Persian, English summary]. Baniameri, V. and Mossadegh, M.S. (1998a) Comparison of the efficiency of the two encyrtid parasitoids Anagyrus dactylopii (How.) and Anagyrus agraensis (Sara.) (Hym.: Encyrtidae) on Nipaecoccus viridis (New.) (Hom.: Pseudococcidae) in Khuzestan. Proceedings of the 13th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 23–27 August 1998, Karaj Junior College of Agriculture, p. 115. Baniameri, V. and Mossadegh, M.S. (1998b) The biology of encyrtid parasitoid Anagyrus agraensis (Sara.) (Hym.: Encyrtidae) on Nipaecoccus viridis (New.) (Hom.: Pseudococcidae) in Khuzestan. Proceedings of the 13th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 23–27 August 1998, Karaj Junior College of Agriculture, p. 116. Baniameri, V. and Mohammadi-Pour, A. (2007) New records of three parasitoids wasps on Bucculatrix ulmella Zeller (Lep.: Bucculatricidae) from Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 75, 37. Basij, M., Abbasipour, H., Lotfalizadeh, H. and Ranjbar, S. (2012) A new record of Aonidiella orientalis parasitoids in southern Kerman. Proceedings of the 20th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 26–29 August 2012, University of Shiraz, p. 96. Bassiri, Gh. and Salimie, S. (1993) Prochiloneurus Silvestri (Hym., Encyrtidae), a hyperparasite of other encyrtids of Eulecanium coryli L. in Fars province. Proceedings of the 12th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 2–7 September 1995, Karaj Junior College of Agriculture, Karaj, p. 339. Behdad, E. (1991) Pests of Fruit Crops in Iran. 2nd edn. Neshat Publishing, Esfahan, Iran, 822 pp. Behdad, E. and Barouti, S. (1978) Biological studies on Eulecanium coryli L., the pest of fruit trees in Esfahan. Entomologie et Phytopathologie Appliquées 46, 54–65. Booshi, S., Ramezani, L. and Zarghami, S. (2019) Natural enemies of Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley) (Hem.:

Family Encyrtidae Walker, 1837

Pseudococcidae) in Dezful. National Conference on Agricultural Industry and Commercialization, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Khuzestan, 18 December 2019, 7 pp. [in Persian]. Bouček, Z. (1988) Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International, London, 832 pp. Dastghyb Beheshti, N.D., Behdad, E. and Barati, S.H. (1988) Some biological studies on Diaspidiotus prunorum in Esfahan. Entomologie et Phytopathologie Appliquées 55, 123–130. [in Persian, English summary] Davatchi, A. and Shojai, M. (1969) Les Hyménoptères Entomophages de l'Iran (études faunistiques). Faculty Agriculture, Tehran University Publishing, Iran 107, 1–88. Davoodi, A. (2004) Identification and host range of soft scale (Hom.: Coccidae) parasitoid wasps in Tehran and some other areas of Iran. MSc thesis of Entomology, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, 143 pp. [in Persian, English summary]. Davoodi, A., Talebi, A.A., Rajabi, Gh. and Fathipour, Y. (2002) The first report of Microterys hortulanus (Hym.: Encyrtidae) from Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 22, 85–86 [in Persian, English summary]. Davoodi, A., Talebi, A.A., Rajabi, Gh., Fathipour, Y. and Xu, Z. (2003a) Report of Metaphycus angustifrons Compère (Hym.: Encyrtidae), parasitoid of Coccus hesperidum (L.) (Hom.: Coccidae) from Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 22, 79–80 [in Persian, English summary]. Davoodi, A., Talebi, A.A., Rajabi, Gh., Fathipour, Y. and Moharramipour, S. (2003b) Identification of parasitoid wasps of the brown soft scale, Coccus hesperidum (L.) (Hom.: Coccidae) in Tehran province, Iran. Proceedings of the 2nd Applied-Scientific Seminar on Flowers and Ornamental Plants in Iran, Mahalat, p. 7. Davoodi, A., Talebi, A.A., Fathipour, Y., Daneshvar, S. and Rajabi, Gh. (2004a) Study on the morphological features of four new species of scale insects parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Iran. Agricultural Science (University of Tabriz) 14, 51–66 [in Persian, English summary]. Davoodi, A., Talebi, A.A., Rajabi, Gh., Fathipour, Y. and Moharramipour, S. (2004b) Report of Metaphycus claviger (Hym.: Encyrtidae) from Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 23, 129–130 [in Persian, English summary]. Davoodi, A., Talebi, A.A., Rajabi, Gh., Fathipour, Y. and Xu, Z. (2004c) The first report of Metaphycus pulvinariae (Howard) (Hym.: Encyrtidae) from Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 71, 149–150 [in Persian, English summary]. Davoodi, A., Talebi, A.A., Rajabi, Gh., Fathipour, Y., Rezaei, V. and Rakhshani, E. (2004d) An identification of parasitoids and hyperparasitoids of the most common soft scales (Hom.: Coccidae) in Tehran and Guilan provinces.

141

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 35, 887–899 [in Persian, English summary]. Davoodi, A., Talebi, A.A., Rajabi, Gh. and Fathipour, Y. (2004e) Host range of 12 chalcid wasps (Hym.: Chalcididae) on soft scales (Hom.: Coccidae) in Tehran and some other areas of Iran. Proceedings of the 16th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 August – 1 September 2004, University of Tabriz, p. 98. Dezhakam, M. and Soleyman Nejadian, E. (2000) Investigation on the behavior of Crematogaster antaris (Hym.: Formicidae) from Nipaecoccus viridis (New.) against parasitism. Proceedings of the 14th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 5–8 September 2000, Isfahan University of Technology, p. 91. Dezianian, A. (1998) Study on the biology and natural enemies of the pistachia psylla, Aganoscena pistaciae (Bar) in Damghan region. MSc thesis of Entomology, Collage of Agriculture, Guilan University, Rasht [in Persian, English summary]. Dezianian, A. and Sahragard, A. (2000) Investigation on natural enemies of the pistacia psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae in Damgan – Iran. Proceedings of the 14th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 5–8 September 2000, Isfahan University of Technology, p. 270. Dezianian, A. and Sahragard, A. (2004) Biology and natural enemies of pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae in Dameghan region. Journal of Agricultural Science 1, 83–92 [in Persian, English summary]. Dorsouei, R., Karimi, J. and Modarres Awal, M. (2011) A molecular approach for study the aphids of pome fruit orchards and their parasitoids in Mashhad. Proceedings of the 2nd Iranian Pest Management Conference, p. 65. Ebrahimi, E. (1993) An introduction to the new six parasitoid wasps for the fauna of Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 12 and 13, 25. Ebrahimi, E. (2014) Parasitoid and hyperparasitoid wasps of scale insects in Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum, Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 34, 73–83 [in Persian, English summary]. Ebrahimi, S.H., Shahid Zandi, K.H. and Mehrnejad, M.R. (1998) Population fluctuation of natural enemies of pistachio psylla (Agonoscena targionii Licht.). Proceedings of the 13th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 23–27 August 1998, Karaj Junior College of Agriculture, p. 106. Ebrahimi, E., Tavakoli Korghond, G.R., Mianbandi, K., Mahmoodi, H., Mohammadipour, K. and Noyes, J. (2015) Ooencyrtus ferdowsii sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), an egg parasitoid of Osphranteria coerulescens (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Iran. Zoology in the Middle East 61, 45–49. Emami, S.Y. (2001) The study of parasitoidism and hyperparasitoidism in the common pistachio psyllid's population (Agonoscena pistaciae) in Rafsanjan. MSc thesis of Entomology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, 103 pp. [in Persian, English summary].

142

Emami, S.Y. and Mehrnejad, M.R. (2002) Host selection behavior in three hyperparasitoids of the common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae. Proceedings of the 15th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 7–11 September 2002, Razi University of Kermanshah, p. 176. Emami, S.Y. and Mehrnejad, M.R. (2004) The situation of weed aphids parasitoids in pistachio orchards of Kerman province. Proceedings of the 16th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 August – 1 September 2004, University of Tabriz, p. 19. Emami, S.Y. and Mehrnejad, M.R. (2006) Weed aphids and their parasitoids in pistachio orchards in Kerman province. Acta Horticulturae 726, 437–439. Esfandiari, H. (2002) Investigation on the natural enemies and biology of Sphaerolecanium prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe) on almond in Shahrekord. MSc thesis of Entomology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, 67 pp. Esfandiari, H., Rajabi, Gh., Shoaee, M., Ebrahimi, E., Bagheri, M. and Ostovan, H. (2005) Investigation on the natural enemies of Sphaerolecanium prunastri Fonsc. on almond in Shahrekord, Iran. Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Pistachio and Almonds, Tehran, p. 23. Esmaili, M. (2011) The Important Pests of Fruit Trees. 5th edn. Sepehr Publishing, Tehran, Iran, 578 pp. [in Persian]. Esmaili, M., Mirkarimi, A.A. and Azmayesh Fard, P. (2006) Agricultural Entomology. Destructive Insects, Mites, Rodents, Mollusks and their Control. University of Tehran Press, 550 pp. [in Persian]. Evans, G. and Abd-Rabou, S. (2013) An annotated list of the encyrtids of Egypt (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Encyrtidae). Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 48, 107–128. Fallahzadeh, M. and Hesami, S. (2004) Study of the natural enemies of Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) in Jahrom region of Fars province. Proceedings of the 16th Plant Protection Congress of Iran, p. 47. Fallahzadeh, M. and Japoshvili, G. (2010) Checklist of Iranian Encyrtids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) with descriptions of new species. Journal of Insect Science 10, 1–24. Fallahzadeh, M. and Japoshvili, G. (2013) Corrections to the list of Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Iran. Journal of Entomological Research Society 15, 117–121. Fallahzadeh, M. and Japoshvili, G. (2017) An updated checklist of Iranian Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Zootaxa 4344, 1–46. Fallahzadeh, M. and Saghaei, N. (2012) Some biological characteristics of Anagyrus mirzai (Hym., Encyrtidae) on Nipaecoccus viridis (Hem., Pseudococciidae) in laboratory conditions. Journal of Entomological Research 5, 103–114. Fallahzadeh, M., Eghtedar, E. and Ebrahimi, E. (2000) Natural enemies of olive psylla, Euphyllura olivina Costa in Fars

Chapter 5

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

province. Proceedings of the 14th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 5–8 September 2000, Isfahan University of Technology, p. 277. Fallahzadeh, M., Shojaei, M., Ostovan, H. and Kamali, K. (2006a) The first report of two parasitoid wasps on the larvae of Nephus bipunctatus (Col.: Coccinellidae) from Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 26, 95–96 [in Persian, English summary]. Fallahzadeh, M., Shojaei, M., Ostovan, H. and Kamali, K. (2006b) The first report of four parasitoid wasps on Peliococcus kimmericus (Hem.: Pseudococcidae) from Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 26, 97–98 [in Persian, English summary]. Fallahzadeh, M., Shojaei, M., Ostovan, H. and Kamali, K. (2006c) An investigation of the mealybug predators fauna in Fars province, Iran. Proceedings of the 17th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 2–5 September 2006, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, p. 84. Fallahzadeh, M., Shojaei, M., Ostovan, H. and Kamali, K. (2007) Study of the parasitoids and hyperparasitoids of Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Hem., Pseudococcidae) in Fars province. Journal of Agricultural Sciences (Islamic Azad University) 13, 593–609 [in Persian, English summary]. Fallahzadeh, M., Shojaei, M., Ostovan H. and Kamali, K. (2008a) Natural enemies of Planococcus ficus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Fars province vineyards, Iran. Proceedings of the 18th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 24–27 August 2008, University of Bu-Ali Sina Hamedan, p. 79. Fallahzadeh, M., Shojaei, M., Ostovan, H. and Kamali, K. (2008b) The first report of the genus and species of Leptomastidea alleni (Hym.: Encyrtidae) from Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 27, 13–14 [in Persian, English summary]. Fallahzadeh, M., Shojaei, M., Ostovan, H. and Kamali, K. (2009) Notes on some Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 28, 81–84. Fallahzadeh, M., Gharaat, M.A. and Saghaei, N. (2010a) The first record of genus and species Anicetus italicus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a parasitoid of Ceroplastes rusci L. (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in Iran. Proceedings of the 19th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 31 July – 3 August 2010, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, p. 121. Fallahzadeh, M., Kaydan, M.B. and Kozár, F. (2010b) Description of a new species of Chorizococcus (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae) infesting Vitis vinifera in Iran. Turkish Journal of Entomology 34, 157–163. Fallahzadeh, M., Japoshvili, G., Saghaei, N. and Daane, K.M. (2011) Natural enemies of Planococcus ficus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Fars province vineyards, Iran. Biocontrol Science and Technology 21, 427–433.

Family Encyrtidae Walker, 1837

Fallahzadeh, M., Japoshvili, G., Abdimaleki, R. and Saghaei, N. (2014) New records of Tetracneminae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Encyrtidae) from Iran. Turkish Journal of Zoology 38, 515–518. Fallahzadeh, M., Japoshvili, G. and Saghaei, N. (2016) A contribution to the knowledge of the encyrtid wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Encyrtidae) from southern Iran, with four new records. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 2, 309–319. Fallahzadeh, M., Japoshvili, G. and Guerrieri, E. (2018) Notes and corrections to Guerrieri & Ghahari’s (2018) list of Iranian Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) (Zootaxa, 4444(3)). Zootaxa 4527, 295–296. Farahbakhsh, G. (1961) Family Encyrtidae. In: Farahbakhsh, G. (ed.) A Checklist of Economically Important Insects and other Enemies of Plants and Agricultural Products in Iran. Department of Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture Publication, Tehran, Iran, pp. 124–125. Farrokhzadeh, H., Moravvej, Gh., Modarres Awal, M. and Karimi, J. (2014) Molecular and morphological identification of hymenoptran parasitoids from the pomegranate aphid, Aphis punicae in Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Turkish Journal of Entomology 38, 291–306. Farsi, A., Kocheili, F., Soleymannejadian, E. and Khajehzadeh, Y. (2009) Population dynamics of canola aphids and their dominant natural enemies in Ahvaz. Journal of Plant Protection 32, 55–66 [in Persian, English summary]. Feli Kohikheili, Z. and Damavandian, M.R. (2017) Parasitoids and hyperparasitoids associated with Ceroplastes sinensis Guer (Hem.: Coccidae) in Mazandaran province, Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 37, 151–153 [in Persian, English summary]. Feli Kohikheili, Z., Damavandian, M.R., Barimani Varandi, H. and Barari, H. (2015) First record of 3 species of parasitoid wasps on Coccoidea from Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 35, 93–96 [in Persian, English summary]. Ferrière, C. (1961) Encyrtides palearctiques parasites de psylles. Entomophaga 6(1), 39–51. Ghahari, H. (2004) Notes on fifteen species of parasitoids and one species of hyperparasitoid (Pteromalidae and Encyrtidae) from Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 71, 33–34. Ghahari, H. (2015) Population fluctuation of egg parasitoids of sunn pest and determining of dominant species in Varamin and vicinity. Applied Plant Protection 4, 8395 [in Persian, English summary]. Ghahari, H. (2019a) Faunistic survey of parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera) in forest areas of Mazandaran province, northern Iran. Iranian Journal of Forest 11, 61–79 [in Persian, English summary]. Ghahari, H. (2019b) Species diversity and population fluctuation of egg parasitoids of sunn pest in Garmsar, Islamshahr and Savojbelagh. Experimental Animal Biology 8, 55–65 [in Persian, English summary].

143

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Ghahari, H. (2019c) Natural enemies of sunn pest (Eurygaster integriceps Puton – Hemiptera: Scutelleridae) in Tehran, Markazi and Qom provinces, and evaluation of efficiency of parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera). Journal of Wheat Research 2, 1–18 [in Persian, English summary]. Ghahari, H. and Abd-Rabou, Sh. (2012) Encyrtid fauna (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Encyrtidae) from north and northwestern Iran. Entomofauna 33, 481–488. Ghahari, H. and Sakenin, H. (2018) Species diversity of Chalcidoidea and Ichneumonoidea (Hymenoptera) in some paddy fields and surrounding grasslands of Mazandaran and Guilan provinces, northern Iran. Applied Plant Protection 7, 11–19 [in Persian, English summary]. Ghahari, H. and Tabari, M. (2019) A study on the fauna of predator bugs (Heteroptera) and parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera) in paddy fields of Mazandaran. Plant and Ecosystem 59, 27–38 [in Persian, English summary]. Ghahari, H., Abd-Rabou, Sh., Sakenin, H., Hedqvist, K.J. and Ostovan, H. (2010) A contribution to some Chalcidoidea wasps (Hymenoptera) from Iran. Journal of Biological Control 24, 17–21. Ghahari, H., Huang, J., Abd-Rabou, Sh. and Wang, Z.H. (2013) A study on Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Iran. Wuyi Science Journal 29, 123–127. Ghajarieh, H., Ghanbari, Gh. and Alichi, M. (2014) A study of natural enemies of Nipaecoccus viridis Newstead and their activities in Iran. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences 7, 955–962. Ghanbari, G., Ghajariyeh, H., Alichi, M. and Kheradmand, K. (2012) A study of the population dynamics of Nipaecoccus viridis Newstead in Shiraz region: effective factors on population decrease. Plant Protection (Scientific Journal of Agriculture) 34, 47–58. Gibson, G.A.P. (1986) Mesothoracic skeletomusculature and mechanics of flight and jumping in Eupelminae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae). The Canadian Entomologist 118, 691–728. Gibson, G.A.P. (1989) Phylogeny and classification of Eupelmidae, with a revision of the world genera of Calosotinae and Metapelmatinae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 149, 1–121. Gibson, G.A.P. (2009) Description of three new genera and four new species of Neanastatinae (Hymenoptera, Eupelmidae) from Baltic amber, with discussion of their relationships to extant taxa. Zookeys 20, 175–214. Golpayegani, S., Talebi, A.A., Lotfalizadeh, H. and Rakhshani, E. (2010a) A new record of Lepidosaphes ulmi Linnaeus, 1748 (Hem.: Diaspididae) parasitoids in the west part of Iran. Proceedings of the 19th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 31 July – 3 August 2010, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, p. 162. Golpayegani, S., Talebi, A.A., Lotfalizadeh, H. and Rakhshani, E. (2010b) Faunistic study and host range of encyrtid parasitoids (Hym., Encyrtidae) collected in

144

some parts of Lorestan and Markazi provinces of Iran. Journal of Entomological Research 1, 319–329. Guerrieri, E. and Ghahari, H. (2018) New records, descriptions and notes on Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Iran. Zootaxa 4444, 316–326. Guerrieri, E. and Noyes, J.S. (2000) Revision of European species of genus Metaphycus Mercet (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Encyrtidae), parasitoids of scale insects. Systematic Entomology 25, 147–222. Guerrieri, E. and Noyes, J.S. (2005) Revision of the European species of Copidosoma Ratzeburg (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), parasitoids of caterpillars (Lepidoptera). Systematic Entomology 30, 97–174. Guerrieri, E. and Noyes, J.S. (2009) A review of the European species of the genus Trechnites Thompson (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Encyrtidae), parasitoids of plant lice (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) with description of a new species. Systematic Entomology 34, 252–259. Guerrieri, E. and Viggiani, G. (2005) A review of the encyrtid (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Encyrtidae) parasitoids of Dryinidae (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea) with description of Cheiloneurus olmii sp. nov. Systematics and Biodiversity 2, 305–317. Hasanpour, M., Talebi, A.A., Rakhshani, E. and AmeriSiahouei, A. (2009) Identification of natural enemies of citrus psylla, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hem., Psyllidae) in Hormozgan province. Journal of Entomological Research 1, 185–195. Hashemi Rad, H. (1999) Identification of egg parasitoids wasps of the green stink bugs, Brachynema spp. and Acrosternum spp. and study of biology Trissolcus agriopae (Hym.: Scelionidae) in Rafsanjan. MSc thesis, Shahid Chamran University [in Persian, English summary]. Hashemi Rad, H., Soleyman Najadian, E. and Rajabi, Gh. (2002) Population fluctuation of green stink bugs (Brachynema spp. and Acrosternum spp.) and their egg parasitoids in Rafsanjan. Proceedings of the 15th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 7–11 September 2002, Razi University of Kermanshah, p. 179. Hayat, M. (2003) Records and descriptions of Indian Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Oriental Insects 37, 187–260. Hayat, M. and Mehrnejad, M.R. (2016) Ooencyrtus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), egg parasitoids of the pistachio green stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 4117, 198–210. Hayat, M. and Mehrnejad, M.R. (2019) A new species of Ooencyrtus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), parasitoids in eggs of Ocneria terebinthina (Lepidoptera: Hymenoptera) infesting pistachio plants in Iran. Journal of Insect Systematics 5 (1 and 2), 14–18. Heraty, J.M., Burks, R.A., Cruaud, A., Gibson, G.A.P., Liljeblad, J. et al. (2013) A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Cladistics 29, 466–542.

Chapter 5

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Herting, B. (1972) Homoptera. A Catalogue of Parasites and Predators of Terrestrial Arthropods. Section A. Host or Prey/Enemy. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough, England, 210 pp. Hesami, S. and Fallahzadeh, M. (2004a) Study of the natural enemies of the citrus mealybug Nipaecoccus viridis (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) in Jahrom region of Fars province. Proceedings of the 16th Plant Protection Congress of Iran, p. 50. Hesami, S. and Fallahzadeh, M. (2004b) Hyperparasitoids of Anagyrus spp. (Hym.; Encyrtidae), the parasitoids of mealybugs (Hom.; Pseudococcidae) in Fars province. Proceedings of the 16th Plant Protection Congress of Iran, p. 56. Hesami, S. and Fallahzadeh, M. (2005) Recorded species of mealybug parasitoids of the genus Anagyrus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) from Fars province of Iran. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences 3, 63–68. Hesami, S., Ebrahimi, E., Ostovan, H., Shojai, M., Kamali, K. and Moghadam, M. (2007) The first report of Metaphycus hodzhevanishvilii Yasnosh (Hym.: Encyrtidae) from Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 75, 41. Hesami, S., Mohammadi Khoramabadi, A. and Seyedebrahimi, S. (2008) Report of two chalcid wasps (Hym.: Chalcidoidea) from fig soft scale in Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 28, 79–80 [in Persian, English summary]. Hesami, Sh., Mohammadi Khoramabadi, A., Japoshvili, G. and Seyedebrahimi, S. (2013) Metaphycus bogdanovikatkovi (Hym.: Encyrtidae), a new record for the Iranian fauna. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 33, 85–86 [in Persian, English summary]. Hoffer, A. (1970) Bemerkungen zu drei wenig bekannten Arten der Famile Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) und Beschreibungen der weiteren, für die Wissenschaft neuen Taxa. Studia Entomologica Forestalia 1, 191–193. Iranipour, Sh. (1996) A study on population fluctuation of the egg parasitoids of Eurygaster integriceps Put. (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae) in Karadj, Kamalabd and Fashand. MSc thesis of Entomology, University of Tehran [in Persian, English summary]. Iranipour, Sh., Kharrazi Pakdel, A., Esmaili, M. and Rajabi, Gh. (1998) Introduction of a chalcid species from Eupelmidae for Iran. Proceedings of the 13th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 23–27 August 1998, Karaj Junior College of Agriculture, p. 5. Jafari, N., Lotfalizadeh, H. and Karimpour, Y. (2014) Report of Anagyrus novickyi (Hym.: Encyrtidae) parasitoid of Pseudococcus comstocki from Iran. BioControl in Plant Protection 2, 91–94 [in Persian, English summary]. Jafari, N., Lotfalizadeh, H., Karimpour, Y. and Gharali, B. (2015) Natural enemies of the Comstock mealybug, Pseudococcus comstocki (Hem.: Pseudococcidae) as an important pest of mulberries in Tabriz, Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 83, 87–96 [in Persian, English summary].

Family Encyrtidae Walker, 1837

Jalaeian, M., Basirat, M. and Jouyandeh, A. (2011) Introduction of natural enemies of the common pistachio psylla (Agonoscena pistachia (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)) in Khorasan Razavi province (Iran). Proceedings of the 2nd Iranian Pest Management Conference, p. 56. Jalaeian, M., Mansouri, M. and Karimi-Malati, A. (2013) Distribution and morphological characteristics of parasitoids and hyperparasitoids of Lepidosaphes pistaciae (Hem: Diaspididae) in Isfahan province. Plant Pests Research 3, 19–31 [in Persian, English summary]. Jalilvand, K., Fallahzadeh, M., Vahedi, H.A. and Shirazi, M. (2012) The first record of the parasitoid species associated with scale insects from Iran. Proceedings of the 20th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 26–29 August 2012, University of Shiraz, p. 151. Jalilvand, K., Shirazi, M., Vahedi, H.A., Fallahzadeh, M., Naghadeh, N.M. and Samih, M.A. (2013) A preliminary study on natural enemies of Coccoidea (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha) in Kermanshah province, western Iran. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 48, 299–308. Jalilvand, K., Shirazi, M., Fallahzadeh, M., Vahedi, H.A., Samih, M.A. and Naghadeh, N.M. (2014) Survey of natural enemies of mealybug species (Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae) in Kermanshah province, western Iran to inform biological control research. Journal of Entomological Research Society 16, 1–10. Japoshvili, G. (2012) New data on encyrtid (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Encyrtidae) parasitoids of Coccoids (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) from Turkey, with description of five new species. Entomologica Fennica 23, 72–82. Japoshvili, G. (2016) New records of Encyrtids (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) from Georgia with description of five new species for science. Annals of Agrarian Science 14, 1–6. Japoshvili, G. and Abrantes, I. (2006) New records of Encyrtids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Encyrtidae) from Portugal, including descriptions of two new species. Entomological News 117, 423–431. Japoshvili, G. and Fallahzadeh, M. (2018) A new species of Anagyrus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) from Iran, parasitoid of Planococcus ficus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Vitis vinifera. Zoology in the Middle East 64, 340–344. Japoshvili, G. and Noyes, J.S. (2005) New record of Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Caucasian Entomological Bulletin 1(2), 159–160. Japoshvili, G. and Noyes, J.S. (2006) New records of Encyrtids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Europe. Entomology Review 81(1), 218–225. Japoshvili, G., Jalilvand, K., Vahedi, H.A. and Fallahzadeh, M. (2015) Metaphycus parthenolecanii sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a parasitoid of Parthenolecanium corni (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in Iran. Zoology in the Middle East 61, 161–165. Japoshvili, G., Rakhshani, H. and Khajehali, J. (2016a) A new species of Copidosoma (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) from Iran. Zoology in the Middle East 62, 261–264.

145

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Japoshvili, G., Higashiura, Y. and Kamitani, S. (2016b) A review of Japanese Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera), with descriptions of new species, new records and comments on the types described by Japanese authors. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 56, 345–401. Japoshvili, G., Salakaia, M., Kirkitadze, G. and Batsankalashvili, M. (2017) List of encyrtids (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) from subalpine and alpine zones of Lagodekhi protected areas with new records from Georgia and Transcaucasia. Turkish Journal of Zoology 41, 342–344. Joodaki, R., Zandi-Sohani, N., Zarghami, S. and Yarahmadi, F. (2018) Temperature-dependent functional response of Aenasius bambawalei (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) to different population densities of the cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). European Journal of Entomology 115, 326–331. Khalaf, J. and Aberoomand, G. (1989) Preliminary research on the biology and biological control of mealybug in Fars province of Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 56, 93–99 [in Persian, English summary]. Khanjani, M. (2005) Vegetable Pests in Iran. Bu-Ali Sina University, 467 pp. [in Persian]. Khanjani, M. (2006) Field Crop Pests in Iran. 3rd edn. Bu-Ali Sina University Publication, 719 pp. [in Persian]. Kiriukhin, G. (1947) Les cochenilles farineuses et leurs parasites en Iran (sousfamille: Pseudococcinae). Ministère de l’Agriculture, Entomologie et Phyto­ pathologie Appliquées 4, 1–17. LaSalle, J. (1993) Parasitic Hymenoptera, biological control and biodiversity. In: LaSalle, J. and Gauld, I.D. (eds) Hymenoptera and Biodiversity. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pp. 197–215. LaSalle, J. and Gauld, I. (1991) Parasitic Hymenoptera and the biodiversity crisis. Redia 74, 315–334. Lachinani, P. and Ahmadi, A.A. (1993) Natural enemies of Oriental yellow scale, Aonidiella orientalis Newstead in citrus groves of Fars province. Proceedings of the 11th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 August – 2 September 1993, University of Guilan, p. 203. Lotfalizadeh, H. (2000a) Lacewings parasitoids (Neuoptera: Chrysopidae) in Shiraz. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 19, 31–44 [in Persian, English summary]. Lotfalizadeh, H. (2000b) New record of aphidophagous syrphid flies parasitoids (Dip.: Syrphidae) from Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 67, 25. Lotfalizadeh, H. (2002) Natural enemies of cotton aphids in Moghan region, Northwest of Iran. Proceedings of the 15th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 7–11 September 2002, Razi University of Kermanshah, pp. 36–37. Lotfalizadeh, H. (2010a) The genus Metaphycus Mercet, 1917 (Hym.: Encyrtidae) of the Iranian fauna with

146

description of a new species. North-Western Journal of Zoology 6, 255–261. Lotfalizadeh, H. (2010b) Some new data and corrections on Iranian encyrtid wasp (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Encyrtidae) fauna. Biharean Biologist 4, 173–178. Lotfalizadeh, H. and Ahmadi, A.A. (2000) Natural enemies of cypress tree mealybug, Planococcus vovae (Nasonov), and their parasitoids in Shiraz, Iran. Iran Agricultural Research 19, 145–154. Lotfalizadeh, H. and Bab-Morad, M. (2015) Copidosoma boucheanum Ratzeburg (Hym.: Encyrtidae): new record from Iran. Turkish Journal of Zoology 39, 185–187. Lotfalizadeh, H. and Ebrahimi, E. (2001) New record of Homalotylus nigricornis Mercet (Hym.: Encyrtidae) in Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 21, 95 [in Persian, English summary]. Lotfalizadeh, H. and Khalghani, J. (2008) Hymenopterous parasitoids (Hym.: Chalcidoidea) of xylophagous beetles in Iran. Entomofauna 29, 249–264. Lotfalizadeh, H., Zargaran, M.R. and Taghizadeh, M. (2014) Species diversity of Coccoidea parasitoids wasps (Hym.: Chalcidoidea) in the northern parts of East-Azarbaijan province, Iran. North-Western Journal of Zoology 10, 60–66. Lotfalizadeh, H., Bayegan, Z.A. and Zargaran, M.R. (2016) Species diversity of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) in the rice fields of Iran. Journal of Entomological Research Society 18, 99–111. Lotfalizadeh, H., Tavakoli-Korghond, G. and Mokhtari, A. (2019) On the parasitoid complex (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Anophococcus abaii (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae), with description of Metaphycus anophococcusi Lotfalizadeh, n. sp. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (N.S.) 55, 317–326. Maafi, S., Rajabi, Gh. and Jafari, M.E. (1998) Introduction of the natural enemies of Planococcus citri in Mazandaran. Proceedings of the 13th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 23–27 August 1998, Karaj Junior College of Agriculture, p. 153. Maleki, Sh. (2011) A study of biology, identification of natural enemies and population dynamic on natural parasitism of Bucculatrix ulmifoliae M. Hering (Lep.: Bucculatricidae) in Tehran parks. MSc thesis of Entomology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, 122 pp. [in Persian, English summary]. Maleki, Sh., Baniameri, V. and Shojai, M. (2012) A study of identification of natural enemies and natural parasitoidism efficieny of Bucculatrix ulmifoliae M. Hering (Lep.: Bucculatricidae) in Tehran parks. Proceedings of the 20th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 26–29 August 2012, University of Shiraz, p. 81. Malkeshi, S.H., Ebrahimi, E., Rezvani, A. and Talebi, A.A. (2000) Introduction of Syrphidae parasitoid wasps from Bojnord pome fruit trees orchards. Proceedings

Chapter 5

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

of the 14th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 5–8 September 2000, Isfahan University of Technology, p. 263. Manickavasagam, S., Suresh, S. and Hayat, M. (2001) Anagyrus diversicornis (Howard), a new record from India (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Encyrtidae). Zoos’ Print Journal 16(5), 494. Manickavasagam, S., Mehrnejad, M.R. and Noyes, J.S. (2008) Cheiloneurus pistaciae sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) a facultative hyperparasitoid of Kermania pistaciella Amsel (Lepidoptera: Tineidae), a pest of pistachio trees in Iran. Zootaxa 1958, 61–64. Mansouri, M. (2005) Geographical distribution and phenology of Hymenopteran parasitoids on Lepidosaphes pistaciae Arch. (Hom.: Diaspididae) in Isfahan province. MSc thesis of Entomology, Isfahan University of Technology [in Persian]. Mansouri, M., Seyedoleslami, H. and Jalaeian, M. (2010) Geographical distribution and phenology of hymenopteran parasitoids on Lepidosaphes pistaciae (Hem.: Diaspididae) in Isfahan province. Proceedings of the 19th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 31 July – 3 August 2010, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, p. 38. Masjedian, H. (2001) Morphology and biology of two form of pistachio oyster shell scale, Lepidosaphes pistaciae (Hom: Diaspididae) in Isfahan. MSc thesis of Entomology, Isfahan University of Technology [in Persian]. Mehrnejad, M.R. (2002a) Negative agents harming the population of Psyllaephagus pistaciae, the parasitoid of the common pistachio psylla. Proceedings of the 15th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 7–11 September 2002, Razi University of Kermanshah, p. 175. Mehrnejad, M.R. (2002b) Bionomics of the common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae, in Iran. Acta Horticulturae 591, 535–539. Mehrnejad, M.R. (2002c) Overwintering sites of the parasitoid, Psyllaephagus pistaciae and its host, Agonoscena pistaciae. Proceedings of the VIIth European Congress of Entomology,Thessaloniki, Greece, p. 66. Mehrnejad, M.R. (2008) Seasonal biology and abundance of Psyllaephagus pistaciae (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a biocontrol agent of the common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae (Hemiptera: Psylloidea). Biocontrol Science and Technology 18, 409–417. Mehrnejad, M.R. (2010) Impact of secondary-parasitoids on population density of Psyllaephagus pistaciae in pistachio plantations of Iran. Proceedings of the 7th International Congress of Hymenopterists, 20–26 June 2010, Köszeg, Hungary, p. 43. Mehrnejad, M.R. (2013) Abundance of parasitoids associated with two major stink bugs on pistachio trees. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 81, 83–84.

Family Encyrtidae Walker, 1837

Mehrnejad, M.R. (2014) The Pests of Pistachio Trees in Iran, Natural Enemies and Control. Sepehr Publication, Tehran, 272 pp. [in Persian]. Mehrnejad, M.R. and Basirat, M. (2009) Parasitoid complex of the pistachio twig borer moth, Kermania pistaciella, in Iran. Biocontrol Science and Technology 19, 499–510. Mehrnejad, M.R. and Copland, M.J.W. (2006) Biological parameters of parasitoid Psyllaephagus pistaciae and its host Agonoscena pistaciae in relation to temperature. Journal of the Entomological Research Society 8, 1–20. Mehrnejad, M.R. and Copland, M.J.W. (2007) Host discrimination by the endoparasitoid Psyllaephagus pistaciae (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae): a case of timedependent ability. Biocontrol Science and Technology 17, 401–411. Mehrnejad, M.R. and Emami, S.Y. (2005) Parasitoids associated with the common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae, in Iran. Biological Control 32, 385–390. Mehrnejad, M.R., Farivar Mehin, H. and Javadzadeh, M. (1995) Effect of six pesticides on Psyllaephagus pistaciae in laboratory and natural conditions. Proceedings of the 12th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 2–7 September 1995, Karaj Junior College of Agriculture, Karaj, p. 293. Mehrnejad, M.R., Rajabi, A., Alavi, S.H., Masoumi, H. and Mirzaei, R. (2006) Relationship between the common pistachio psylla and its biocontrol agents in the pistachio growing areas of Iran. Proceedings of the 17th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 2–5 September 2006, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, p. 53. Memmott, J., Godfray, H.C.J. and Gauld, I.D. (1994) The structure of a tropical host–parasitoid community. Journal of Animal Ecology 63, 521–540. Mirseyed, S., Asgari, Sh. and Samin, N. (2013) A study on the natural enemies of coccids (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in pistachio gardens of Damghan, Iran. Calodema 281, 1–5. Modarres Awal, M. (1997) Family Encyrtidae. In: Modarres Awal, M. (ed.) List of Agricultural Pests and their Natural Enemies in Iran. 2nd edn. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, Iran, pp. 270–271. Modarres Awal, M. (2012) Family Encyrtidae. In: Modarres Awal, M. (ed.) List of Agricultural Pests and their Natural Enemies in Iran. 3rd edn. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, Iran, pp. 494–497. Moghaddam, M. (2017) The Scale Insects of Citrus in Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) (Identification, Biology, Natural Enemies and Distribution). Ministry of Jihad-e Agriculture, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, 177 pp. [in Persian]. Moghbeli-Gharaei, A., Ziaaddini, M., Jalali, M.A. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2013) Report of Psyllaephagus

147

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

procerus Mercet (Hym.: Encyrtidae) as parasitoid of the Diaphorina citri (Hem.: Psyllidae) from Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 80, 185–186. Mohammadi-Khoramabadi, A., Lotfalizadeh, H., Gharali, B. and Moghaddam, M. (2014) Two new records of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) from Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 34, 75–76. Mohammadpour, M., Ziaddini, M., Jalali, M.A. and Hashemirad, H. (2013) Some biological characteristics of Ooencyrtus pityocampae, the egg parasitoid of Brachynema signatum in laboratory conditions. Proceedings of the Conference of Biological Control in Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, p. 208. Mohammadpour, M., Jalali, M.A., Michaud, J.P., Ziaaddini, M. and Hashemi Rad, H. (2014) Multiparasitism of stink bug eggs: competitive interactions between Ooencyrtus pityocampae and Trissolcus agriope. BioControl 59, 279–286. Mohammadpour, M., Ziaaddini, M., Jalali, M.A., Hashemi Rad, H. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2015) Identification of the egg parasitoids of green pistachio stink bug, Brachynema signatum and the effects of diet on adult longevity of the two parasitoids, Ooencyrtus pityocampae and Trissolcus agriope. Journal of Entomological Research 7, 277–287 [in Persian, English summary]. Mohammadpour, M., Ziaaddini, M., Jalali, M.A., Hashemi Rad, H. and Mohammadi-Khoramabadi, A. (2016) Egg parasitoids of the pistachio green stink bug, Brachynema germari (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Kerman province, Iran. Zoology and Ecology 26, 28–34. Mokhtari, A. and Jafari Nodooshan, A. (2018) Introduce of pistachio diaspids parasitoids of Yazd province. Proceedings of the 23rd Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 27–30 August 2018, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, p. 918. Moodi, S. and Mossadegh, M.S. (2006) Natural enemies of Aphis fabae, on Solanum nigrum plant in Khuzestan province. Proceedings of the 17th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 2–5 September 2006, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, p. 56. Moravvej, A., Shishehbor, P. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2016) A checklist of Chalcidoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Khuzestan in southwestern Iran. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematic 2, 121–142. Moravvej, A., Lotfalizadeh, H. and Shishehbor, P. (2018) A contribution to the knowledge of Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Khuzestan in southwestern Iran. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematic 4, 13–23. Mossadegh, M.S. and Baniameri, V. (1996) The biology of Anagyrus dactylopii (How.), (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) on Nipaecoccus virisis [sic] (Newstead), (Hom.: Pseudococcidae) in southwest Iran. Proceedings of XX International Congress of Entomology, Firenze, Italy, p. 666.

148

Mossadegh, M.S. and Kocheili, F. (2003) A Semi Descriptive Checklist of Identified Species of Arthropods (Agricultural, Medical, …) and other Pests from Khuzestan, Iran. Shahid Chamran University Press, Ahvaz, 475 pp. [in Persian]. Mossadegh, M.S., Vafaei, Sh., Zarghami, S., Kocheli, F., Farsi, A., Alizadeh, M.S. and Rezaei, N. (2012) Natural enemies of Planococcus solenopsis Tinsely (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae) in Khuzestan, Iran. Proceedings of the 20th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 26–29 August 2012, University of Shiraz, p. 216. Mossadegh, M.S., Vafaei, S., Zarghami, S., Farsi, A. and Alizadeh, M.S. (2013) Aenasius bambawalei Hayat a potential parasitoid for biological control of cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley from Iran. Proceedings of the Conference of Biological Control in Agriculture and Natural Resources, Karaj, Iran, p. 30. Mossadegh, M.S., Vafaei, S., Farsi, A., Zarghami, S., Esfandiari, M. et al. (2015) Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Sternorrhyncha: Pseudococcidae), its natural enemies and host plants in Iran. Proceedings of the 1st Iranian International Congress of Entomology, pp. 159–167. Motamedinia, B., Bageri, A. and Sabahi, Q. (2014) Biology of Diaphorina citri (Hem.: Liviidae) and parasitism by Psyllaephagus stenopsyllae (Hym.: Encyrtidae) in Baluchestan, Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 34, 37–38. Myartseva, S.N. (1980) Two encyrtid species of the genus Paraphaenodiscus (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) new for the Palaearctic from the southern Turkmen SSR and Iran. Vestnik Zoologii 3, 82–85 [in Russian, English summary]. Myartseva, S.N. and Sugonjaev, E.S. (1977) New IranoTuran species of Encyrtus Latr. (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Turkmenskoy SSR (Seriya Biologicheskikh Nauk) 2, 74–76 [in Russian, English summary]. Nassiri, R., Iranipour, Sh. and Karimzadeh, R. (2018) Host preference and hyperparasitism of Ooencyrtus fecundus Ferriere and Voegele (Hym., Encyrtidae) egg parasitoid of sunn pest and hyperparasitoid of Trissolcus spp. Proceedings of the 23rd Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 27–30 August 2018, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, p. 967. Nazari, Z., Moravvej, G. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2014) Parasitoids of Peliococcus kimmericus (Hem.: Pseudococcidae) in Mashhad, Iran. Proceedings of the 21st Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 23–26 August 2014, Urmia University, p. 608. Nazari, Z., Moravvej, G. and LotfaLizadeh, H. (2018) Natural enemies of Peliococcus kimmericus (Hem: Pseudococcidae) in Mashhad, Iran. Entomofauna 39, 909–918. Nezam-Abadi, M., Lotfalizadeh, H. and Gholdasteh, Sh. (2014) The first report of Echthroplexiella irinae

Chapter 5

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Nikol’skaya (Hym.: Encyrtidae) from Iran. Journal of Field Crop Entomology 4, 69–72 [in Persian, English summary]. Noori, H., Asgari, S. and Moslehi-Rad, H. (2003) Study and identification on Eurygaster integriceps Put. egg parasitoids in Ghazvin province. Journal of Agricultural Sciences (Islamic Azad University) 9, 141–150 [in Persian, English summary]. Novin, M. (2000) The biology and population fluctuations of Nipaecoccus viridis (News.) and its natural enemies in citrus orchards of Dezful. MSc thesis of Entomology, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, Iran. Novin, M., Mossadegh, M.S., Karami Nejad, M. and Ghasemi Nejad, M. (2000) Natural enemy of Nipaecoccus viridis in the North of Khuzestan. Proceedings of the 14th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 5–8 September 2000, Isfahan University of Technology, p. 264. Noyes, J.S. (2019) Universal Chalcidoidea Database. Available at: www.nhm.ac.uk/chalcidoids (accessed December 2019). Noyes, J.S. and Fallahzadeh, M. (2005) Psyllaephagus zdeneki sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) from Iran, a parasitoid of Euphyllura pakistanica (Hemiptera: Psyllidae).Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemoslovenicae 69, 204–207. Noyes, J.S. and Hayat, M. (1984) A review of the genera of Indo-Pacific Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology 48, 131–395. Noyes, J.S. and Hayat, M. (1994) Oriental Mealybug Parasitoids of the Anagyrini (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 554 pp. Noyes, J.S., Woolley, J.B. and Zolnerowich, G. (1997) Encyrtidae, In: Gibson, G.A.P., Huber, J.T. and Woolley, J.B. (eds) Annotated Keys to the Genera of Nearctic Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). NRC Research Press, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, pp. 170–320. OILB (1971) Liste d’identification des Entomophages 8. Organisation Internationale de Lutte Biologique, Geneva, pp. 1–64. Omid, R., Azizkhani, E., Askary, H. and Moniri, V.R. (2005) Biological investigation of Ocneria terebinthina in Khojir Protected Area. Iranian Journal of Forest and Range Protection Research 2, 209–211. Rajabi, Gh. (1989) Insects Attacking Rosaceous Fruit Trees in Iran. Vol. III. Publication of Plant Pest and Diseases Research Institute, Tehran, 256 pp. [in Persian]. Rajabi, Gh. (2011) Insect Pests of Rosaceous Fruit Trees in Iran. Management Based on Ecological Principles. 2nd edn. Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, Iran, 640 pp. [in Persian]. Rajabi, Gh. and Amir-Nazari, M. (1989) Egg parasites of the sunn pest in the central part of the Iranian plateau. Entomologie et Phytopathologie Appliquées 56, 1–2. Rajabi Mazhar, N. and Sadeghi, S.E. (2006) Studying biology of Psyllopsis repens Lo. and identification of its natural enemies in Hamadan povince. Proceedings

Family Encyrtidae Walker, 1837

of the 17th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 2–5 September 2006, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, p. 236. Rajabi Mazhar, N.A., Sadeghi, S.E. and Yarmand, H. (2003) Report of Psyllaephagus claripes (Hym.: Encyrtidae) on Psyllopsis repens in lran. Iranian Journal of Forest and Range Protection Research 1, 193. Rakhshani, E., Talebi, A.A., Sadegi, S.E., Kavallieratos, N.G. and Rashed, A. (2004) Seasonal parasitism and hyperparasitism of walnut aphid, Chromaphis juglandicola (Hom.: Aphididae) in Tehran Province. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 23, 131–143. Rakhshani, E., Talebi, A.A., Stary, P., Manzari, S. and Rezvani, A. (2005) Re-description and biocontrol information of Pauesia antennata (Mukerji) (Hym., Braconidae, Aphidiinae), parasitoid of Pterochloroides persicae (Chol.) (Hom., Aphidoidea, Lachnidae). Journal of the Entomological Research Society 7, 59–69. Rastegar, J., Sakenin, H. and Ghods, P. (2012) A study of the Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Iran. Calodema 224, 1–3. Rezaei, N., Mossadegh, M.S. and Hodjat, H. (2006) Aphids and their natural enemies in wheat and barley fields in Khuzestan. The Scientific Journal of Agriculture 29, 127–137 [in Persian, English summary]. Rezaei, N., Mossadegh, M.S. and Hodjat, S.H. (2010) Wheat aphids and their natural enemies population dynamics with particular reference to dominant species in Ahvaz, Mollasani, and Safiabad regions in Khuzestan. Proceedings of the 19th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 31 July – 3 August 2010, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, p. 159. Roshani, G.H. and Abbasipour, H. (2017) Natural enemies of the common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae in Aran Bidgol pistachio orchards of Kashan. Proceedings of the 2nd Iranian International Congress of Entomology, p. 6. Rounagh, H., Lotfalizadeh, H., Mokhtari, A. and Tavakkoli, G. (2016) New record of Psyllaephagus cellulatus Waterston, 1922 (Hym.: Encyrtidae) from Iran. Proceedings of the 22nd Iranian Plant Protection Congress, p. 422. Sabahi, Q., Kharrazi, A., Esmaili, M. and Abaii, M. (1998) Studies on the biology of Ooencyrtus cf masii (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), an egg parasitoid of pistachio defoliator, Ocneria terebinthina Stgr. (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) in Fars province. Proceedings of the 13th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 23–27 August 1998, Karaj Junior College of Agriculture, p. 138. Sabahi, Q., Kharrazi Pakdel, A. and Esmaili, M. (1999) Study on the biology of Ooencyrtus cf. masii (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a new egg parasitiod of pistachio defoliator Ocneria terebinthina (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 18, 1–5. Sabzevari, A. (1968) Lepidopterous pest on apricot. Proceedings of the 1st Iranian Plant Protection Congress, pp. 63–80.

149

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Sadeghi, S., Lotfalizadeh, H., Iranipour, Sh. and Alipanah, H. (2012) The study of tree leaf-miner parasitoid fauna in Shahindezh, West Azarbaijan province. Proceedings of the 20th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 26–29 August 2012, University of Shiraz, p. 112. Safaralizadeh, M.H. (1984) Studies on Biology and Biological Control of Hymenopteroides in Hamadan. University of Bu Ali Sina, Faculty Agriculture, Hamadan, 46 pp. Safavi, M. (1974) Etude Bio-ecologiue des Hymenopteres Parasites des Oeufs des Punaises des Cereals en Iran. Plant Pests and Diseases Research Institute, Tehran, 159 pp. Sahraeian, H. and Abassi, J. (2016) Identification of parasitoid wasps for invasive soft scale Saissetia miranda (Hem.: Coccoidea) in Fars province. Proceedings of the 3rd National Conference on Biological Control in Agriculture and Natural Resources, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, p. 24. Sahraeian, H., Abassi, J. and Taghizadeh, M. (2016) Identification of parasitoid wasps for Diaphorina citri (Hem.: Psyllidae) in Fars province. Proceedings of the 3rd National Conference on Biological Control in Agriculture and Natural Resources, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, p. 34. Sakenin, H., Eslami, B., Samin, N., Imani, S., Shirdel, F. and Havaskary, M. (2008) A contribution to the most important trees and shrubs as the hosts of woodboring beetles in different regions of Iran and identification of many natural enemies. Plant and Ecosystem 16, 27–46 [in Persian, English summary]. Sakenin Chelav, H., Samin, N., Myartseva, S.N., AbdRabou, S., Gençer, L. and Naderian, H. (2018) A faunistic study on Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) of Iran. Natura Somogyiensis 32, 11–20. Sakenin, H., Samin, N., Trjapitzin, V.A., Dzhanokmen, K.A., Prinsloo, G.L. and Abd-Rabou, S. (2019) A faunistic study on Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) of Iran. Calodema 733, 1–5. Samin, N. (2010) Scelionid wasps (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) and dominant species in wheat fields of Varamin and vicinity. MSc thesis of Entomology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Science and Research Branch, 161 pp. [in Persian, English summary]. Samin, N. (2015) A faunistic study on some families of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) from Iran. Arquivos Entomolóxicos 14, 119–124. Samin, N., Trjapitzin, V.A., Simutnik, S.A. and Sakenin Chelav, H. (2018) New records of Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Iran. Linzer biologische Beiträge 50, 1563–1568. Samin, N., Cancino, E.R., Myartseva, S.N., Trjapitzin, V.A., Gençer, L. and Sakenin, H. (2019) A faunistic study of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) from Guilan province and adjacent areas, northern Iran. Entomofauna 40, 47–58. Samra, S., Cascone, P., Noyes, J., Ghanim, M., Protasov, A., Guerrieri, E. and Mende, Z. (2018) Diversity of

150

Ooencyrtus spp. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) parasitizing the eggs of Stenozygum coloratum (Klug) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) with description of two new species. PLoS ONE 13(11), e0205245. Sheikh-Akbari, S., Ziaaddini, M., Jalali, M.A. and Samih, M.A. (2017) Influence of temperature on the functional response of Ooencyrtus egeria (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), an egg parasitoid of Acrosternum arabicum (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Proceedings of the 2nd Iranian International Congress of Entomology, p. 162. Sheikh-Akbari, S., Ziaaddini, M., Samih, M.A. and Jalali, M.A. (2018a) The biology of Ooencyrtus egeria (Hym.: Encyrtidae), an egg parasitoid of Acrosternum arabicum (Hem.: Pentatomidae) in laboratory conditions. Proceedings of the 23rd Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 27–30 August 2018, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, p. 1133. Sheikh-Akbari, S., Ziaaddini, M., Samih, M.A. and Jalali, M.A. (2018b) Effects of parasitoid and host egg age on biological traits of Ooencyrtus egeria, pistachio green stink bug egg parasitoid. Proceedings of the 23rd Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 27–30 August 2018, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, p. 1135. Shojai, M. (1963) Etude ecologique de Ruguloscolytus mediterraneus Egg. (Col.: Scolytidae) en Iran. University of Tehran, Faculty of Agriculture, 73 pp. [in French]. Shojai, M. (1968) Résultats de l'étude faunistique des Hyménoptères parasites (Terebrants) en Iran et l’importance de leur utilisation dans la lutte biologique. Proceedings of the 1st Iranian Plant Protection Congress, pp. 25–35. Shojai, M. (1998) Entomology (Ethology Social Life and Natural Enemies) (Biological Control). 3rd vol., 3rd edn. University of Tehran Publication, Tehran, 550 pp. [in Persian]. Shojai, M., Esmaili, M., Ostovan, H., Khodaman, A., Daniali, M. et al. (2000) Integrated pest management of codling moth and other important pests of Pomoidea fruit trees. Journal of Agricultural Sciences 6, 15–45 [in Persian, English summary]. Shojai, M., Ostovan, H., Hosseini, M., Sadighfar, M., Khodaman, A. et al. (2002) Biocenotic potentials of apple orchards IPM in organic crop production programme. Journal of Agricultural Sciences 8, 1–27 [in Persian, English summary]. Sholesadi, E., Fallahzadeh, M., Hesami, S. and Hassani, M.R. (2019) Two-sex life table of Aenasius arizonensis (Hym.: Encyrtidae) reared on Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hem.: Pseudococcidae) in laboratory conditions. Journal of Entomological Research 11, 99–113 [in Persian, English summary]. Soleyman Nejadiyan, E. and Dezhakam, M. (2001) Investigation on the protection of Nipaecoccus viridis (New.) by Crematogaster antaris (Forel) (Hym.: Formicidae) against two wasps parasitoids on citrus

Chapter 5

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

in Dezful. The Scientific Journal of Agriculture 23, 53–69 [in Persian, English summary]. Talebi, A.A., Ameri, A., Fathipour, Y. and Rakhshani, E. (2008) Natural enemies of Cypress tree mealybug, Planococcus vovae (Nasonov) (Hem., Pseudococcidae), and their parasitoids in Tehran, Iran. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 10, 123–133. Talebi, A.A., Hasanpour, F., Rakhshani, E., Goldasteh, S. and Stojanovic, A. (2009) Two new records of encyrtids as parasitoid of Sphaerolecanium prunastri (Hem.: Coccidae) in Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 28, 75–78 [in Persian, English summary]. Tamoli Torfi, E., Rasekh, A., Mossadegh, M.S and Rajabpoor, A. (2018) Study on reproductive activity of a parasitoid wasp, Aenasius bambawalei (Hym.: Encyrtide), on different stages of cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis under laboratory condition. Proceedings of the 23rd Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 27–30 August 2018, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, p. 1079. Tamoli Torfi, E., Rasekh, A., Moravvej, S.A., Mossadegh, M.S. and Rajabpour, A. (2019a) Report of Chalcidoidea on cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, 1898 (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Khuzestan province. Proceedings of the 3rd Iranian International Congress of Entomology, p. 129. Tamoli Torfi, E., Rasekh, A., Mossadegh, M.S. and Rajabpour, A. (2019b) Host stage preference of Aenasius bambawalei (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), the parasitoid of cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), under choice and no-choice access. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 39, 241–254 [in Persian, English summary]. Toorani, A.H. and Abbasipour, H. (2019) Parasitoids of the white peach scale, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona in the kiwifruit orchards of northern Iran. North-Western Journal of Zoology 15, 107–109. Toorani, A.H., Abbasipour, H., Karimi, J. and Askarianzadeh, A. (2017) Parasitoid wasps of white peach scale, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona in kiwi orchards of east of Mazandaran. Proceedings of the 2nd Iranian International Congress of Entomology, p. 137. Toorani, A.H., Abbasipour, H. and Dehghan-Dehnavi, L. (2019) Biodiversity and population fluctuations of parasitoids of the white peach scale, Pseudaulacaspis pen-

Family Encyrtidae Walker, 1837

tagona (Targioni-Tozzetti) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), in kiwifruit orchards in Northern Iran. Hellenic Plant Protection Journal 12, 12–21. Triapitzin, V.A. (1968) Hymenoptera II. Chalcidoidea 7. Encyrtidae. In: Medvedev, G.S. (ed.) Opredeliteli Nasekomykh Evropeyskoy Chasti SSR [Keys to the Insects of the European Part of the USSR]. Institute of Zoology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR [Nauka], Leningrad, Vol. 3, pp. 236–328 [in Russian]. Trjapitzin, V.A. (1989) Parasitic Hymenoptera of the Fam. Encyrtidae of Palaearctic. In series Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR [Keys to the Fauna of the USSR]. Institute of Zoology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad, p.158 [in Russian]. Trjapitzin, V.A. and Myartseva, S.N. (2004) Species of the genus Encyrtus Latreille (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in Mexico, Central America, West Indies and Bermuda. Vedelia 11, 17–33. Xu, Z.H. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2000) Notes on eight species of Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Iran with a description of one new species. Entomotaxonomia 22, 61–64. Yazdani, A. and Mehrnejad, M.R. (1993) The first record of one psyllid species and several Hymenoptera parasitoids on pistachio psyllid from Iran. Proceedings of the 11th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 August – 2 September 1993, University of Guilan, p. 211. Yazdani, A. and Rajabi, A. (1993) The first record of Hymenoptera parasitoids of scale insects on pistachio in Iran. Proceedings of the 11th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 August – 2 September 1993, University of Guilan, p. 212. Yousefi, M., Vahedi, H.A., Ebrahimi, E. and Sharifi, R. (2018) Identification of parasitoid wasps of scale insects (Chalcidoidea) in fruit orchards of Markazi province. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 85, 251–264 [in Persian, English summary]. Zarghami, S., Kocheili, F., Mossadegh, M.S. and Alizadeh, M. (2012) Parasitoids and hyperparasitoids of Nephus arcuatus Kapur (Col.: Coccinellidae) in Khuzestan, southwest Iran. Proceedings of the 20th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 26–29 August 2012, University of Shiraz, p. 110. Zhang, Y.Z., Li, W. and Huang, D.W. (2005) A taxonomic study of Chinese species of Ooencyrtus (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Zoological Studies 44, 347–360.

151

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

E   unotiscus sp. – ♀ (Eriaporidae) [photo courtesy of S. van Noort – Iziko Museums of South Africa]

 

Promuscidea sp. – ♀ (Eriaporidae) [photo courtesy of S. Abd-Rabou]

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

6



Family Eriaporidae Ghesquière, 1955 Gennaro Viggiani, Hassan Ghahari, Svetlana N. Myartseva, Mohammad Hayat and Shaaban Abd-Rabou

Heraty et al. (2013) newly elevated Eriaporinae Ghesquière from a subfamily of Aphelinidae to its own family and recognized in it two subfamilies: Eriaporinae Ghesquière and Euryischiinae Shafee. Hayat (1998) had previously treated Eriaporinae as a subfamily of Aphelinidae, albeit of doubtful position (incertae sedis). Further, Euryischiinae was proposed originally as the family Euryischidae [sic] by Shafee (1974), and was treated as a subfamily of doubtful position in Aphelinidae by Hayat (1998). As currently recognized, Eriaporidae consists of 22 valid world species in five genera (Introduction, Table I.1), Eunotiscus Compere (two species) and Promuscidea Girault (four species) in Eriaporinae, and Euryischia Riley (13 species), Euryischomyia Girault (two species) and Myiocnema Ashmead (one species) in Euryischiinae (Noyes, 2019). Based on Hayat and Verma (1980), females of Eriaporinae are characterized by the scutellum being as long as or longer than wide and with a strongly convex apex, the propodeum short, its median length not more than one-third the length of the scutellum, the hind tibia without a row of long bristles on the dorsal margin, and the antenna either 7-segmented (1:1:3:2) or 9-segmented (1:1:4:3). Females of Euryischiinae are characterized by having the scutellum distinctly wider than long and with the apex almost truncate or very slightly convex, the propodeum large, its median length not less than half the length of the scutellum, the hind tibia with a row of long bristles on the dorsal margin, and the antenna 8-segmented (1:1:3:3). The key of Hayat and Verma (1980) further differentiated Euryischia from other genera of Euryischiinae, including Myiocnema, by females having the collar of the pronotum with numerous short setae, the metanotum with a triangular plate overlapping the propodeum in the middle, the propodeum deeply excavated posterolaterally, the proximal third of

the fore wing disc with two very long setae forming a longitudinal row, the hind coxa large, compressed and disc-like, and longer than the hind femur, the hind tibia slightly curved and as long as the femur, and the maxillary and labial palpi each 3-segmented. Females of Myiocnema are additionally differentiated by the fore wing having an infuscate patch in middle, the costal cell and the area below the submarginal vein with numerous short setae, the postmarginal vein as long as the marginal vein, the hind coxa as long as the femur, and the maxillary and labial palpi 3- and 2-segmented, respectively (Hayat and Verma, 1980). Viggiani (1989) illustrated the male genitalia of some Euryischiidae from both subfamilies. One genus and species of Eriaporinae and two genera and one identified species of Euryischiinae were previously reported from Iran, though none were recorded by Noyes (2019). Following our inclusion of one newly recorded species (Euryischia inopinata Masi (Euryischiinae)), our checklist of Iranian Eriaporidae includes three named species (~13.6% of the world species) in three genera classified in two subfamilies, Eriaporinae (Promuscidea) and Euryischiinae (Euryischia and Myiocnema); none of the species are endemic to Iran. The species have been collected from only three provinces, Guilan, Khuzestan and Mazandaran (Table 21.4), though an unidentified species of Euryischia was also recorded from East Azarbaijan province by Lotfalizadeh (2000). Known hosts in Iran include one species of Aphelinidae as well as one species of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera) and one species of Pseudococcidae (Hemiptera). Comparison of the eriaporid fauna of Iran with adjacent countries (Table 21.5) indicates that the fauna of Iran (three species) is most diverse, with just a single species, Euryischia inopinata, being recorded from just two countries, Kazakhstan and Russia (Noyes, 2019), and shared with Iran.

© CAB International 2021. Chalcidoidea of Iran (Insecta: Hymenoptera) (eds. H. Ghahari, G.A.P. Gibson and G. Viggiani). DOI: 10.1079/9781789248463.0006

153

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Checklist of Iranian ERIAPORIDAE Ghesquière, 1955 Subfamily Eriaporinae Ghesquière, 1955

Comments: Myiocnema comperei was introduced to Iran from India in 1998, but its establishment in northern Iran is unknown and needs to be confirmed through a careful survey.

Genus Promuscidea Girault, 1917 Promuscidea unfasciativentris Girault, 1917 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Khuzestan (Tamoli Torfi et al., 2019). General distribution: Bangladesh, China, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Uganda. Host records in Iran: Hyperparasitoid of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Tamoli Torfi et al., 2019). Subfamily Euryischiinae Shafee, 1974 Genus Euryischia Riley, 1889 Euryischia inopinata Masi, 1907 Catalogues with Iranian records: None (newly recorded from Iran). Distribution in Iran: Guilan province, km 12 Asalem–Khalkhal Road, 2♀, ex Leucopis annulipes Zetterstedt, 1848 (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae), August 2011. General distribution: Croatia, former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden, Ukraine, Uzbekistan. Euryischia sp. Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh, 2000). Host records in Iran: Chamaemyiidae (Diptera) (Lotfalizadeh, 2000).

Genus Myiocnema Ashmead, 1900 Myiocnema comperei Ashmead, 1900 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abd-Rabou et al. (2013, 2019). Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005). General distribution: Australia, India, Indonesia, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Hyperparasitoid of Encarsia citrina (Craw) (Aphelinidae) on Aspidiotus nerii Bouché (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005).

154

References Abd-Rabou, S. and Ghahari, H. (2005) A list of hyperparasitoids of whiteflies and coccids (Homoptera) in Iran, with special study on Iranian Ablerus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research 83, 311–317. Abd-Rabou, Sh., Ghahari, H., Myartseva, S.N. and RuízCancino, E. (2013) Iranian Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 1, 116–140. Abd-Rabou, S., Samin, N., Coronado-Blanco, J.M. and Sakenin, H. (2019) New records of Aphelinidae from Iran, and updated checklist of Iranian Aphelinidae, Azotidae and Eriaporidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Egyptian Journal of Plant Protection Research Institute 2, 67–71. Ghesquière, J. (1955) Contribution a l’étude du genre Eriaporus Waterston et genres affins (Hym. Chalcidoidea Aphelinidae). Mémoire Société royale d’entomologie de Belgique 27, 217–238. Hayat, M. (1998) Aphelinidae of India (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea): a Taxonomic Revision. Memoirs on Entomology, International, Vol. 13. Associated Publishers, Gainesville, Florida, vii + 416 pp. Hayat, M. and Verma, M. (1980) The aphelinid subfamily Eriaporinae (Hym.: Chalcidoidea). Oriental Insects 14, 29–40. Heraty, J.M., Burks, R.A., Cruaud, A., Gibson, G.A.P., Liljebad, J. et al. (2013) A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Cladistics 29, 466–542. Lotfalizadeh, H. (2000) New record of aphidophagous syrphid flies parasitoids (Dip.: Syrphidae) from Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 67, 25. Noyes, J.S. (2019) Universal Chalcidoidea Database. Available at: www.nhm.ac.uk/chalcidoids (accessed December 2019). Shafee, S.A. (1974) A new family of Chalcidoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Euryischidae fam. n. Current Science 43, 768. Tamoli Torfi, E., Rasekh, A., Moravvej, S.A., Mossadegh, M.S. and Rajabpour, A. (2019) Report of Chalcidoidea on cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, 1898 (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Khuzestan province. Proceedings of the 3rd Iranian International Congress of Entomology, p. 129. Viggiani, G. (1989) Male genitalia in a few Eriaporinae (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Bollettino del Laboratorio di entomologia agraria ‘Filippo Silvestri’ Portici 45 (1988), 99–102.

Chapter 6

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

 

 

Stilbula vitripennis (Masi, 1934) – ♀ (Eucharitidae) [photo courtesy of C.O. Manci]

Eucharis adscendens (Fabricius, 1787) – ♂ (Eucharitidae) [photo courtesy of C.O. Manci]

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

7



Family Eucharitidae Walker, 1846 Hassan Ghahari, Gary A.P. Gibson, Javier Torréns and Mikdat Doğanlar

John Noyes (unpublished) tabulated 467 extant species in 66 extant genera classified in four subfamilies, with one additional fossil genus and species unassigned to subfamily (Introduction, Table I.1), but Heraty et al. (2018) and Heraty (2019) recorded 484 species in Akapalinae (one genus, Australia), Eucharitinae (50 genera, worldwide), Gollumiellinae (two genera, Indo-Pacific region) and Oraseminae (13 genera, worldwide). Under this classification, Eucharitidae are a monophyletic family that are exclusively parasitoids of ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) pupae (Heraty, 1995, 2002; Heraty et al., 2004; Murray et al., 2013). Members are morphologically diverse, but all have the pronotum reduced and below the level of the mesoscutum so that in dorsal view the pronotum is not visible, the labrum has a row of digit-like processes apically, the mandibles are falcate or sickle-shaped, unless reduced, and a malar sulcus is absent in all regional species. Members are distributed in almost every zoogeographical region of the world but are most abundant in the tropics (Heraty, 2002; Girish Kumar, 2004; Gadallah et al., 2013, 2014). Eucharitidae is the only family of insects in which all species with known biology are parasitoids of the immature stages of ants (Lachaud and PérezLachaud, 2012; Torréns, 2013; Heraty et al., 2018). They usually parasitize the ants indirectly, depositing their eggs outside of the nest into or on plant tissue; the eggs hatch into an active first instar (planidium), which seeks out the host ant. Sometimes the minute first-instar larvae make their way into the nest by some means of phoretic attachment to foraging ant workers (Clausen 1940a,b; Burks et al., 2018; Heraty et al., 2018). Using various behavioural strategies, the planidia are carried to the nest where they first attack the host larva (as either an endoparasitoid or ectoparasitoid), but then complete their development as an external parasitoid of the ant pupa (Bouček, 1956; Heraty, 2002; Heraty and Murray, 2013; Torréns, 2013). The family Perilampidae is also characterized by the presence of an active,

well-sclerotized, first-instar larva (planidium) and largely because of this Perilampidae and Eucharitidae have often been considered to comprise a monophyletic group (Heraty and Darling, 1984, 2009; Darling, 1992), though the relationships are more complex according to Heraty et al. (2013). Only one of the four recognized subfamilies, Eucharitinae, is present in Iran. Members of this subfamily are additionally distinguished by having the prepectus fused to the pronotum rather than as a separate sclerite, the flagellum lacking a basal ring segment (anellus), and the petiole being elongate. Within Eucharitinae, only two genera, Eucharis Latreille and Stilbula Spinola, are known from Iran (Ghahari and Gençer, 2017). Eucharis is characterized by the following: body usually dark green to blue, but sometimes yellow with dark patches and metasoma sometimes rufous; mouthparts reduced; palpi absent; antennae stout and cylindrical, serrate or ramose; mesosoma globose, and lacking any distinct projections from the scutellum (at most with an emarginated flange); fused prepectus reaching tegula; fore wing usually bare, with clear, poorly defined venation; calcar acute apically; petiole mostly smooth and often dorsoventrally flattened; metasomal terga bare, tergal scar lacking; and ovipositor acicular. Eucharis has 45 described species, of which four occur in Iran (Bouček, 1988; Girish Kumar, 2019; Noyes, 2019). This genus has been reared from the ant genera Cataglyphis Förster, Formica Linnaeus and Messor Forel (Heraty, 2002, 2019; Lachaud and Pérez-Lachaud, 2012). Stilbula are characterized by the following: body metallic blue, green or yellow with dark maculations, in lighter forms head black, or black with a metallic lustre; antennal flagellum simple, 12-segmented or rarely 11-segmented in females; basal flagellomere in males long, often slightly flattened; hypostomal lobes broadly separated posterior to the mandibles; maxillary complex relatively large, without palpi; frenal projection arising from a single

© CAB International 2021. Chalcidoidea of Iran (Insecta: Hymenoptera) (eds. H. Ghahari, G.A.P. Gibson and G. Viggiani). DOI: 10.1079/9781789248463.0007

157

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

basal stalk and diverging into a pair of short cylindrical spines, although the apex rarely projecting and truncate or narrowly emarginate; propodeum slightly swollen lateral to postspiracular furrow; fore wing slightly lanceolate, bare; costal cell narrow; stigmal vein with stigma broad, triangular; hind wing broad, venation complete; petiole usually long, cylindrical and smooth; first gastral tergite with a single split medially (Heraty, 2002). Stilbula has 43 described species, only one of which occurs in Iran (Girish Kumar, 2019; Heraty, 2019; Noyes, 2019). This genus has been reared from the ant genera Camponotus Mayr and Polyrhachis Smith (Heraty, 2002, 2019; Lachaud and Pérez-Lachaud, 2012). The first and only prior checklist of Iranian Eucharitidae was by Ghahari and Gençer (2017), who recorded five species in two genera. Our checklist also records five species (~1% of the world species) in two genera, Eucharis (four species) and Stilbula (one species), classified in Eucharitinae; none of the species are endemic to Iran. The species were collected from just five provinces, Golestan (two species) and East Azarbaijan, Guilan, Mazandaran and Tehran (each with one species) (Table 21.4). Although no host records have yet been published for Iranian Eucharitidae, all species for which hosts are known are parasitoids of the immature stages of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Comparison of the eucharitid fauna of Iran with adjacent countries (Table 21.5) indicates that the faunas of Russia and Saudi Arabia (both with 11 species) and Turkey (six species) are all more diverse than Iran (five species), followed by Turkmenistan (three species), Armenia (two species) and Azerbaijan (one species); no species have been recorded from Afghanistan, Bahrain, Iraq, Kuwait, Khazakhstan, Oman, Qatar, Pakistan or United Arab Emirates (Noyes, 2019). Among these countries, Russia shares four known species with Iran, followed by Turkey (three species) and Armenia and Azerbaijan (both with one species).

Checklist of Iranian EUCHARITIDAE Walker, 1846 Subfamily Eucharitinae Walker, 1846 Genus Eucharis Latreille, 1804 Eucharis (Eucharis) adscendens (Fabricius, 1787) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari and Gençer (2017).

158

Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh, 2008), Golestan (Ghahari et al., 2016). General distribution: Austria, Belarus, Bosnia Hercegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Ukraine, former USSR. Eucharis (Eucharis) carinifera Gussakovskiy, 1940 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari and Gençer (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Shahkuh) (Nikol’skaya, 1952; Heraty, 2019), Iran (no specific locality) (Bouček, 1977; Lotfalizadeh, 2008). General distribution: Armenia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, Serbia, Transcaucasus, Ukraine, Uzbekistan. Eucharis (Eucharis) rugulosa Gussakovskiy, 1940 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari and Gençer (2017). Distribution in Iran: Tehran (Lotfalizadeh, 2008). General distribution: Russia, Ukraine. Eucharis (Psilogastrellus) punctata Förster, 1859 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari and Gençer (2017). Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Samin and Farzaneh, 2016). General distribution: Algeria, Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Egypt, Macedonia, Tunisia, Turkey, former Yugoslavia. Genus Stilbula Spinola, 1811 Stilbula cyniformis (Rossi, 1792) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari and Gençer (2017). Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Ghahari and Gençer, 2017). General distribution: Austria, Azerbaijan, Bosnia Hercegovina, Caucasus, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Macedonia, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Turkey, Ukraine, United States of America (doubtful record), former Yugoslavia.

References Bouček, Z. (1956) A contribution to the knowledge of the Chalcididae, Leucospididae and Eucharitidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of the Near East. Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel 5B, 227–259.

Chapter 7

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Bouček, Z. (1977) A faunistic review of the Yugoslavian Chalcidoidea (Parasitic Hymenoptera). Acta Ento­ mologica Jugoslavica 13 (Supplement), 1–145. Bouček, Z.(1988) Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). A Biosystematic Revision of Genera of Fourteen Families, with a Reclassification of Species. CAB International, London, 832 pp. Burks, R.A., Heraty, J.M., Dominguez, C. and Mottern, J.L. (2018) Complex diversity in a mainly tropical group of ant parasitoids: revision of the Orasema strami­ neipes species group (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eucharitidae). Zootaxa 4401, 1–107. Clausen, C.P. (1940a) The oviposition habits of the Eucharidae (Hymenoptera). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 12, 504–516. Clausen, C.P. (1940b) The immature stages of Eucharidae (Hymenoptera). Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 30, 504–516. Darling, D.C. (1992) The life history and larval morphology of Aperilampus (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) with a discussion of the phylogenetic affinities of the Philomidinae. Systematic Entomology 17, 331–339. Gadallah, N.S., Edmardash, Y.A. and Heraty, J.M. (2013) A review of the family Eucharitidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Egypt. Zootaxa 3717, 389–394. Gadallah, N.S., Edmardash, Y.A., Al Dhafer, H.M. and El-Hawagry, M.S. (2014) Eucharitidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea), a family new to the fauna of Saudi Arabia, with the description of the previously unknown male of Eucharis (Psilogastrellus) affinis Bouček. ZooKeys 462, 115–123. Ghahari, H. and Gençer, L. (2017) Checklists of the Eucha­ ritidae and Ormyridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Iran. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae Biologicae (Brno) 102, 145–157. Ghahari, H., Myartseva S.N. and Ruíz-Cancino, E. (2016) A faunistic study on some families of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) from Golestan province and vicinity, northern Iran. Folia Entomológica Mexicana 2, 10–15. Girish Kumar, P. (2004) A review of Family Eucharitidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Indian subcontinent. In: Rajmohana, K., Sudheer, K., Girish Kumar, P. and Santhosh, S. (eds) Perspectives on Biosystematics and Biodiversity. Prof. T.C. Narendran Commemoration Volume. Systematic Entomology Research Scholars Association, University of Calicut, Kerala, pp. 627–646. Girish Kumar, P. (2019) Additions to the knowledge of the genus Stilbula Spinola (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae) from the Indian subcontinent with the description of a new species from India. Munis Entomology and Zoology 14, 153–157. Heraty, J.M. (1995) Family Eucharitidae. In: Gauld, I.D. and Hanson, P. (eds) Hymenoptera of Costa Rica. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, pp. 309–314. Heraty, J.M. (2002) A revision of the genera of Eucharitidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of the world. Memoirs of

Family Eucharitidae Walker, 1846

the American Entomological Institute, Vol. 68. AEI, Gainesville, Florida, 359 pp. Heraty, J.M. (2019) Catalog of World Eucharitidae. University of California, Riverside, 113 pp. Available at: hymenoptera.ucr.edu/EucharitidaeCatalog2019. pdf (accessed December 2019). Heraty, J.M. and Darling, D.C. (1984) Comparative morphology of the planidial larvae of Eucharitidae and Perilampidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Systematic Entomology 9, 309–328. Heraty, J.M. and Darling, D.C. (2009) Fossil Eucharitidae and Perilampidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Baltic Amber. Zootaxa 2306, 1–16. Heraty, J.M. and Murray, E. (2013) The life history of Pseudometagea schwarzii, with a discussion of the evolution of endoparasitism and koinobiosis in Eucharitidae and Perilampidae (Chalcidoidea). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 35, 1–15. Heraty, J.M., Hawks, D., Kostecki, J.S. and Carmichael, A.E. (2004) Phylogeny and behaviour of the Gollumiellinae, a new subfamily of the ant-parasitic Eucharitidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Systematic Entomology 29, 544–559. Heraty, J.M., Burks, R.A., Cruaud, A., Gibson, G.A.P., Liljeblad, J. et al. (2013) A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Cladistics 29, 466–542. Heraty, J.M., Burks, R.A., Mbanyana, N. and van Noort, S. (2018) Morphology and life history of an ant parasitoid, Psilocharis afra (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae). Zootaxa 4482, 491–510. Lachaud, J.-P. and Pérez-Lachaud, G. (2012) Diversity of species and behavior of hymenopteran parasitoids of ants: a review. Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 2012, Article 134746, 24 pp. Lotfalizadeh, H. (2008) New distribution records for Eucharitidae (Hym.: Chalcidoidea) in Iran. NorthWestern Journal of Zoology 4, 134–138. Murray, E., Carmichael, A.E. and Heraty, J.M. (2013) Ancient host shifts followed by host conservatism in a group of ant parasitoids. Proceedings of the Royal Society, B 280, 2013.0495. Nikol’skaya, M.N. (1952) Khaltsidy Fauny SSSR. [The Chalcid Fauna of the USSR]. Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow, 575 pp. [in Russian]. [English translation: Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, 1963.] Noyes, J.S. (2019) Universal Chalcidoidea Database. Available at: www.nhm.ac.uk/chalcidoids (accessed December 2019). Samin, N. and Farzaneh, M.H. (2016) A faunistic study on some families of Hymenoptera from Iran. Wuyi Science Journal 32, 44–51. Torréns, J. (2013) A review of the biology of Eucharitidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Argentina. Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 2013, Article 9265, 14 pp.

159

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Aprostocetus percaudatus (Silvestri, 1920) – ♀ (Eulophidae) [photo courtesy of I.E. Popescu]

Aprostocetus rubi Graham, 1987 – ♀ (Eulophidae) [photo courtesy of I.E. Popescu]

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

8



Family Eulophidae Westwood, 1829 Zoya A. Yefremova, Gennaro Viggiani, Hassan Ghahari, Gary A.P. Gibson and Mikdat Doğ anlar

Eulophidae is the most speciose of the currently recognized families of Chalcidoidea, consisting of 5998 extant and three fossil species classified in 323 genera (Introduction, Table I.1). Members are small parasitic wasps, usually 0.5–2.0 mm, that are most readily distinguished from other chalcidoid families by the presence of 4-segmented tarsi in both sexes, four or fewer antennal funicular segments and a short, straight and usually simple (needlelike) protibial spur as opposed to the larger, curved and apically bifurcate spur possessed by most other chalcidoids (Bouček, 1988; Schauff et  al., 1997). The family was recently examined, redefined and considered as monophyletic based on molecular and combined molecular and morphological data (Burks et  al., 2011; Munro et  al., 2011; Heraty et al., 2013). Eulophidae historically has been subdivided into four subfamilies, Entedoninae, Entiinae (= Euderinae), Eulophinae and Tetrastichinae (Bouč ek, 1988; Schauff et al., 1997; Gibson et al., 1999), of which Tetrastichinae is the most diverse (Noyes, 2019). Although these divisions have received general acceptance, there is much less agreement about the phylogenetic relationships among them, about their constituent tribes and genera, or about the identity of the sister group of Eulophidae (LaSalle and Schauff, 1995; Schauff et al., 1997; Gibson et  al., 1999), though Heraty et  al. (2013) retrieved Eulophidae along with five other families (Aphelinidae, Azotidae, Signiphoridae, Tetracampidae, Trichogrammatidae) as a clade of ‘soft-bodied’ chalcidoids. Heraty et al. (2013) also included the subfamily Opheliminae in Eulophidae, but this subfamily is restricted to the southern hemisphere and is not known from Iran. Because of a distinctive morphology, the genus Elasmus Westwood was often treated as its own family, the Elasmidae (e.g. Bouč ek, 1988; Hanson and Gauld, 1995; Gibson et  al., 1999), though they were included as a subfamily of Eulophidae by Burks (1979) and have been consistently classified in Eulophidae since Gauthier et al. (2000).

The hosts of Eulophidae include insect species belonging to more than 100 families in ten orders, as well as eggs of spiders (Araneae) in silken egg sacs, eriophyid mites (Acarina) in galls, and nematodes (Nematoda) (LaSalle, 1990, 1994; van den Berg et al., 1990; Gadallah et al., 2015). Some species are also phytophagous (Heraty et  al., 2013). Many eulophids are parasitoids of insects concealed in plant tissue, such as leaf miners, wood borers, leaf rollers, seed feeders and gall makers (Hawkins and Goeden, 1982; Sheng and Zhao, 1993; LaSalle, 1994, 2005). Many other aspects of their biology are interesting or unique. Species of Euplectrus Westwood are some of the only chalcidoids known to spin silken cocoons (Gerling and Limon, 1976; Puttler et al., 1980). Several eulophid species are parasitoids of aquatic insects, attacking either eggs (Fursov, 1993) or prepupae and pupae (Brown, 1968). Some gregarious species can produce over 200 parasitoid larvae from a single host individual (Yang and Xie, 1998). Two species are known to be phoretic (Caroll, 1978; Macedo et al., 1990) and one species acts as a pollinator of orchids (Nilsson, 1979). Species can be specialists or generalists, primary parasitoids, hyperparasitoids or facultative hyperparasitoids, endoparasitoids or ectoparasitoids, idiobionts or koinobionts, and solitary or gregarious. Parasitoid species can attack eggs, larvae, pupae or even adults in a few cases (Yang and Xie, 1998). Generally, their habitats include tropical to temperate regions and many species have been used in biological control (Waterhouse and Norris, 1987; Murphy and LaSalle, 1999). In part because of their economic importance, their taxonomy and phylogeny has attracted the attention of numerous researchers (Gumovsky, 2011). The group has also provided extremely valuable experimental model systems for investigating a wide variety of questions in ecology and evolution (Godfray, 1994). Because of the diversity of their biology and the wealth of literature, Eulophidae is an ideal group for asking questions concerning the evolution of a

© CAB International 2021. Chalcidoidea of Iran (Insecta: Hymenoptera) (eds. H. Ghahari, G.A.P. Gibson and G. Viggiani). DOI: 10.1079/9781789248463.0008

161

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

stated 135 species in 40 genera. Yefremova (2015) also gave the number of species of Eulophidae for 13 countries of the Middle East, including 73 species for Iran. Noyes (2019) listed 81 species of Eulophidae in 34 genera. Based on our checklist, the fauna of Iranian Eulophidae consists of 236 species (~3.9% of the world species) following our inclusion of seven newly recorded species (Ceranisus pacuvius (Walker), Chrysocharis liriomyzae Delucchi, and Entedon diotimus Walker (Entedoninae), Dahlbominus fuscipennis (Zetterstedt) and Pnigalio longulus (Zetterstedt) (Eulophinae), and Apotetrastichus postmarginalis (Bouč ek) and Baryscapus galactopus (Ratzeburg) (Tetrastichinae)), and exclusion of three species (Table 21.2); eight of the recorded species are currently considered as endemic to Iran (Table 21.3). The species are classified in 51 genera in four subfamilies: Entedoninae (53 species in 11 genera), Entiinae (three species in two genera), Eulophinae (90 species in 20 genera) and Tetrastichinae (90 species in 18 genera). Among the genera, Aprostocetus Westwood, with 40 species, is the most diverse, followed by Baryscapus Förster (20 species), Pediobius Walker (15 species), Chrysocharis Förster (14 species) and Diglyphus Walker and Sympiesis Förster (each with 13 species) (Fig. 8.1). Species have been recorded from 29 provinces (Table 21.4), of which Fars has a reported 62 species, followed by Kerman (47 species), West

variety of biological traits. However, to do this, a sound hypothesis of relationships within the family is essential (Gauthier et al., 2000). Farahbakhsh (1961) initially listed three taxa, Derostenus sp., Solenotus sp. (= Dicladocerus Westwood) and Tetrastichus epilachnae (Giard), as comprising the Eulophidae fauna of Iran. Modarres Awal (1997) listed 19 valid species in 11 genera, plus two unknown species, Derostenus sp. and Solenotus sp., but they erroneously treated Elachertus proteoteratis Howard (1885) (= Elachertus fenestratus Nees) in Chalcididae and included in the family two genera and six species of Aphelinidae: Aspidiotiphagus spp. (three species) and Coccophagus spp. (three species). Yefremova et al. (2007) recorded 47 species in 22 genera, Hesami et al. (2010b) 122 species in 41 genera, Talebi et al. (2011) 106 species in 37 genera, and Hesami et al. (2018) 176 species in 44 genera from Iran. Additionally, Modarres Awal (2012) listed 68 valid species in 33 genera, but, similar to Modarres Awal (1997), treated the name E. proteoteratis in Chalcididae and included three unidentified species of Aspidiotiphagus Howard, 1894 and four unidentified species of Coccophagus Westwood in Eulophidae. Some other authors have stated the total number of Iranian Eulophidae, but without providing a list of the species. Samin and Yegorenkova (2014) stated 128 species in 40 genera, whereas Ghahari (2015) 45

40

40

Number of species

35 30 25 20 20

15

15

13

15 10 5

4

4 1

6

4 1 1

1

6

5 1

1 2

1 1 1 1 1

13

11

9

8 4

7 2 1 2

6 1 1

2 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 2 2

2 2 2 2

3

2

Achr y

soch aro Asec ides Cera odes nisus Chr Closysocharis teroc Dero erus stenu s Eude Entedon Neoc romph hryso ale cha Omp ris Pediohale b Astic ius Eudehus ru Aulo gym s nus C Colp irrospilus o Dahlbclypeus o Diau minus Dichlinopsis a Dicla tomus doc Digly erus Elac phus her Elasmtus us E Hem uplectru iptar senu s s Hyss o Mio pus Necr tropis emn Pn us Rhic igalio n Sten opelte ome siu Zagr Sympies s amm is Anap osom Apoterostocetua s tra Apro stichus s Barytocetus sca Cho pus Citro uioia sti Cratachus Leptoepus c Melitt ybe Min ob Neotr otetrasti ia ichop chus oroid Oom es yzus P Quad ronotali a ra Sigmstichus op Step hora an Ta ovia Tetramarixia stich us

0

Genera of Iranian Eulophidae

Fig. 8.1.  Number of species of Eulophidae in genera known from Iran.

162

Chapter 8

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

land area but also its history of taxonomic research on Eulophidae in the country. Russia shares 147 known species with Iran, followed by Turkey (133 species), Azerbaijan (22 species), Turkmenistan (21 species), Armenia and Pakistan (both with 20 species), United Arab Emirates (13 species), Iraq (10 species), Afghanistan (seven species), Saudi Arabia (four species) and Oman (two species).

Azarbaijan (44 species) and East Azarbaijan (42 species) (Fig. 8.2). Host records belonging to 38 families in five orders are known for 165 species of Iranian Eulophidae: Diptera (Agromyziidae, Cecidomyiidae, Chloropidae, Tachinidae, Tephritidae), Coleoptera (Buprestidae, Chrysomelidae, Coccinellidae, Curcu­ lionidae), Hemiptera (Aleyrodidae, Aphididae, Coccidae, Pseudococcidae, Psyllidae), Hymenoptera (Argidae, Braconidae, Cephidae, Cynipidae, Eup­ elmidae, Eurytomidae, Ichneumonidae, Pteromali­ dae) and Lepidoptera (Arctiidae, Bucculatricidae, Erebidae, Gelechiidae, Gracillariidae, Heliozelidae, Lyonetiidae, Nepticulidae, Noctuidae, Pieridae, Plutellidae, Pterolonchidae, Pyralidae, Tineidae, Tortricidae, Yponomeutidae). Comparison of the eulophid fauna of Iran with adjacent countries (Table 21.5) indicates that the faunas of Russia (666 species) and Turkey (246 species) are more diverse than Iran (236 species), followed by Turkmenistan (70 species), Kazakhstan (57 species), Pakistan (44 species), Azerbaijan (34 species), United Arab Emirates (31 species), Armenia (23 species), Iraq (10 species), Afghanistan and Saudi Arabia (both with eight species) and Oman (six species); no species have so far been reported from Bahrain, Kuwait or Qatar (Noyes, 2019). The much larger number of eulophid species reported from Russia likely correlates with not only its large 70

Checklist of Iranian EULOPHIDAE Westwood, 1829 Subfamily Entedoninae Förster, 1856 Genus Achrysocharoides Girault, 1913 Achrysocharoides altilis (Delucchi, 1954) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Razavi Khorasan, West Azarbaijan (Shojai et  al., 2000, 2002, as Enaysma altilis), Tehran (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998, all as Sympiesis altilis). General distribution: Bulgaria, Hungary, Netherlands, Serbia, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Phyllonorycter sp. (as Lithocolletis sp.) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998), Phyllonorycter turanica Gerasimov (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Leucoptera scitella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae) (Shojai et al., 2000, 2002).

62

Number of species

60 47

50

44 42

40 30

21

19

20 10

34

29

5 5

24 25 18

15 8 8 7

2 2 4

4 6 5 4 4

1

6 6 8

Ku

hg

ilo

ye

h

& Ho G Bo rm uil y o an Ke era zga N rm hm n Si ort a a st he an r Lo nsh d n & K res ah Ba ho ta lu ras n ch a e n R M K sta az az er n av an m i K d an h ar Kh ora an uz sa es n ta n Is Far W es G fah s Ea t A ole an st zar sta C Az ba n ha ar ija ha ba n rm Te ija ah al Bu hran & sh n Ba e kh hr ti A H rd ari am a a bi M da l ar n Q kaz a i Za zvin nj a Ila n Y m Al azd S bo Ko em rz rd na es n ta n

0

Provinces of Iran Fig. 8.2.  Number of reported species of Iranian Eulophidae by province.

Family Eulophidae Westwood, 1829

163

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Achrysocharoides latreillii (Curtis, 1826) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Tehran (Sakenin et al., 2019). General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland (north and south), Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom. Achrysocharoides niveipes (Thomson, 1878) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Khuzestan (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998; Moravvej et al., 2016). General distribution: Bulgaria, former Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Netherlands, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Parasitoid of leaf miners (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998; Moravvej et  al., 2016). Achrysocharoides suprafolius (Askew, 1974) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Amiri et  al., 2009; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Germany, Netherlands, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Phyllonorycter corylifoliella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) (Amiri et al., 2009; Modarres Awal, 2012). Genus Asecodes Förster, 1856 Asecodes erxias (Walker, 1848) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Sakenin et al., 2019), Razavi Khorasan (Khandehroo et al., 2016). General distribution: Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Larvae of Lepidoptera on ash tree (Khandehroo et al., 2016).

Distribution in Iran: Hamadan (Tan et al., 2010). General distribution: Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States of America (Noyes, 2019); Turkey (M. Doğanlar, unpublished data). Ceranisus menes (Walker, 1839) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et al. (2010b, 2018). Distribution in Iran: Hamadan (Tan et al., 2010). General distribution: Argentina, Australia, Benin, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Congo, Czech Republic, Dominican Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hawaii, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland (north and south), Israel, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Malaysia, Mexico, Micronesia, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR. Ceranisus pacuvius (Walker, 1838) Catalogues with Iranian records: None (newly recorded from Iran). Distribution in Iran: Isfahan province, Najaf-Abad, 3♀, 2♂, ex Aleyrodes lonicerae Walker, 1852 (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Urtica sp. (Urticaceae), August 2012. General distribution: Afghanistan, Austria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Hungary, Ireland (north and south), Moldova, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Ceranisus planitianus Erdős, 1966 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018). Distribution in Iran: Hamadan (Tan et al., 2010). General distribution: Canada, Czech Republic, Hungary, Israel, Moldova, Slovakia, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America.

Genus Ceranisus Walker, 1842

Genus Chrysocharis Förster, 1856

Ceranisus amanosus Doğanlar, Gumovsky and Doğanlar, 2009 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et al. (2010b, 2018).

Chrysocharis albicoxis Erdős, 1958 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2015).

164

Chapter 8

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

General distribution: China, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Hungary, Japan, Slovakia, South Korea, Sweden, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess), Phytomyza horticola Goureau (as Chromatomyia horticola (Goureau)) (Diptera: Agromyziidae) on alfalfa (Medicago sativa – Fabaceae) (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2015). Chrysocharis amyite (Walker, 1839) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011). Distribution in Iran: Isfahan (Yefremova et al., 2007). General distribution: Bulgaria, Canada, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Japan, Korea, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Chrysocharis crassiscapus (Thomson, 1878) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2015). General distribution: Austria, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, South Korea, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess), Phytomyza horticola Goureau (as Chromatomyia horticola (Goureau)) (Diptera: Agromyziidae) (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2015). Chrysocharis gemma (Walker, 1839) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Semnan (Ghahari and Huang, 2016). General distribution: Austria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, France, Germany, Greece, Hawaii, Israel, Italy, Madeira, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Chrysocharis laomedon (Walker, 1839) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Hesami et  al., 2008c, 2010a; Modarres Awal, 2012), Isfahan (Ghahari

Family Eulophidae Westwood, 1829

and Yefremova, 2013), Kerman (Mehrnejad and Basirat, 2009, Ghahari, 2015). General distribution: Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Ireland (north and south), Israel, Italy, Japan, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Kermania pistaciella Amsel (Lepidoptera: Tineidae) (Mehrnejad and Basirat, 2009). Chrysocharis liriomyzae Delucchi, 1954 Catalogues with Iranian records: None (newly recorded from Iran). Distribution in Iran: Kordestan province, Bijar (Cheshmeh-Khalil), 2♀, ex Liriomyza sonchi Hendel, 1931 (Diptera: Agromyzidae), July 2013. General distribution: Bulgaria, Canada, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Korea, Moldova, Netherlands, North Africa, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Chrysocharis nephereus (Walker, 1839) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Ghahari and Tabari, 2019). General distribution: Austria, Bosnia Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Chrysocharis pallipes (Nees, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Ghahari and Sakenin, 2018). General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Japan, Macedonia, Madeira, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, United Kingdom, United States of America, former Yugoslavia.

165

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Chrysocharis pentheus (Walker, 1839) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Semnan (Ghahari and Huang, 2016), West Azarbaijan (Ghahari, 2015). General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Macedonia, Malaysia, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Chrysocharis phryne (Walker, 1839) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan (Samin and Yegorenkova, 2014). General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Japan, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Serbia, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former USSR, former Yugoslavia.

Netherlands, Poland, South Korea, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former USSR. Chrysocharis pubicornis (Zetterstedt, 1838) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Ardabil (Fathi, 2011), Kerman (Ghahari, 2015; Hesami et al., 2018 on Medicago sativa – Fabaceae), Razavi Khorasan (Khandehroo et al., 2016). General distribution: Australia, Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Greenland, Hungary, India, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Korea, Libya, Malta, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, Yemen, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Phytomyza horticola Goureau (as Chromatomyia horticola (Goureau)) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) (Fathi, 2011), pupa of Diptera on ash tree (Khandehroo et al., 2016).

Chrysocharis polyzo (Walker, 1839) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et al. (2010b, 2018). Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan (Zargaran et al., 2010). General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominica, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland (north and south), Italy, Japan, Korea, Macedonia, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden, Transcaucasus, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Phyllonorycter populifoliella (Treitschke) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) (Zargaran et al., 2010).

Chrysocharis submutica Graham, 1963 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh et  al., 2015), West Azarbaijan (Sadeghi et  al., 2012). General distribution: Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Leucoptera malifoliella (Costa) (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae), Phyllonorycter populifoliella (Treitschke) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) (Sadeghi et  al., 2012), Phyllonorycter medicaginella (Gerasimor) (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2015).

Chrysocharis pubens Delucchi, 1958 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Samin and Yegorenkova, 2014). General distribution: Canary Islands, China, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Italy, Japan, Moldova,

Chrysocharis viridis (Nees, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Ghahari, 2015). General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Hawaii, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Japan,

166

Chapter 8

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Korea, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Chrysocharis sp. Distribution in Iran: Fars (Dousti et al., 2006). Host records in Iran: Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) (Dousti et al., 2006). Genus Closterocerus Westwood, 1833 Closterocerus trifasciatus Westwood, 1833 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Northern Iran (Tavakoli et al., 2010). General distribution: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Japan, Macedonia, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, Yemen, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Quercus spp. (Fagaceae) (Tavakoli et al., 2010). Closterocerus sp. Distribution in Iran: Fars (Dousti et al., 2006). Host records in Iran: Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) (Dousti et al., 2006). Genus Derostenus Westwood, 1833 Derostenus persicus Gumovsky, 2003 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Gumovsky, 2003). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Derostenus sp. Distribution in Iran: Tehran (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Modarres Awal, 1997). Host records in Iran: Phytobia sp. (Diptera: Agromyzidae) (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Modarres Awal, 1997). Genus Entedon Dalman, 1820 Entedon biroi Erdős, 1944 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011), Noyes (2019).

Family Eulophidae Westwood, 1829

Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Gumovsky, 1999; Rajabi et al., 2011). General distribution: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Iran, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Mongolia, Slovakia, Turkey, Ukraine, United States of America, former USSR, Uzbekistan. Entedon diotimus Walker, 1839 Catalogues with Iranian records: None (newly recorded from Iran). Distribution in Iran: Qazvin province, Khorram-Dasht, 4♀, ex Lixus excelsus Faust, 1891 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Amaranthus retroflexus (Amaranthaceae), July 2008. General distribution: Azerbaijan, Bosnia Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Korea, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former USSR. Entedon ergias Walker, 1839 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et  al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz, Markazi, Tehran, Zanjan (Davatchi and Shojai, 1969; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998; Lotfalizadeh and Khalghani, 2008; Rajabi, 2011, all as Entedon leucogramma (Ratzeburg, 1844)), Ardabil (Shojai, 1998, as E. leucogramma), East Azarbaijan (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012, as E. leucogramma), Guilan (Ghahari, 2015), Northern forests of Iran (Amini et al., 2009). General distribution: Armenia, Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, former Yugoslavia (Noyes, 2019); Turkey (M. Doğanlar, unpublished data). Host records in Iran: Scolytus rugulosus (Müller) (as Ruguloscolytus mediterraneus (Eggers)) (Col­ eoptera: Curculionidae) (Davatchi and Shojai, 1969; Rajabi, 1989, 2011; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998; Lotfalizadeh and Khalghani, 2008), Phloesinius bicolor Brullé, Scolytus multistriatus Marsham (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (Rajabi, 1989, 2011; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998), Scolytus rugulosus (Amini et al., 2009).

167

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Entedon thomsonianus Erdős, 1944 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Rajabi et al., 2011). General distribution: Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Macedonia, Romania, Russia, Spain, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine. Entedon spp. Distribution in Iran: Fars (Hesami et  al., 2010a), Golestan (Ahmadi et al., 2007). Host records in Iran: Galerucella lineola Fabricius (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on Alnus subcordata (Betulaceae) (Ahmadi et  al., 2007), Apanteles glomeratus L. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Aporia crataegi (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) on the wild almond (Hesami et al., 2010a). Genus Euderomphale Girault, 1916 Euderomphale chelidonii Erdős, 1966 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011). Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Shahbazvar et  al., 2010; Ghahari, 2015, as Euderomphale bemisiae Viggiani, 1977 – misidentification), Mazandaran (Ghahari et  al., 2004, 2006; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005; Ghahari et al., 2006, as E. bemisiae – misidentification; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Austria, former Czechoslovakia, Egypt, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Moldova, Poland, Sweden, United Kingdom, Yemen. Host records in Iran: Aleyrodes lonicerae Walker (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Rubus chamaemorus (Rosaceae) (Ghahari et al., 2004, 2006; Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005; Modarres Awal, 2012), Bemisia giffardi (Kotinsky) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Citrus decumane (Rutaceae) (Ghahari et al., 2006, under Euderomphale bemisiae), Aleyrodes lonicerae on Geum sp. (Rosaceae) and on Violaceae (Shahbazvar et al., 2010). Comments: Moranila californica (Howard, 1881) (as Moranila comperei (Ashmead, 1904) – misidentification) (Pteromalidae) was recorded as a hyperparasitoid of E. chelidonii by Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2005). Genus Neochrysocharis Kurdjumov, 1912 Neochrysocharis aratus (Walker, 1838) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018, as Closterocerus aratus (Walker,

168

1838) and Neochrysocharis aratus – synonym). Distribution in Iran: Golestan (OILB, 1971; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Tehran (Shojai, 1968, 1998; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), West Azarbaijan (Samin and Yegorenkova, 2014, as Closterocerus aratus (Walker, 1838)). General distribution: Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Ireland (north and south), Israel, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Oscinella frit (L.) (Diptera: Chloropidae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998). Neochrysocharis chlorogaster (Erdős, 1966) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Razavi Khorasan (Khandehroo et al., 2016). General distribution: Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Hungary, Moldova, Netherlands, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Larva of Lepidoptera leaf miner on ash tree (Khandehroo et  al., 2016). Comments: Presence of N. chlorogaster in Iran is doubtful, and its identification needs to be confirmed (Z. Yefremova). Neochrysocharis clarus Szelényi, 1977 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Hesami et al., 2018, on Euphorbia sp. (Euphorbiaceae) and Medicago sativa (Fabaceae)). General distribution: Hungary, Mongolia, Russia, Turkey. Comments: Presence of N. clarus in Iran is doubtful and its identification needs to be confirmed (Z. Yefremova). Neochrysocharis cuprifrons Erdős, 1954 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Khuzestan (Sakenin et al., 2019). General distribution: Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Moldova, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia,

Chapter 8

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Neochrysocharis formosus (Westwood, 1833) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Bushehr (Sohrabi et al., 2014; Fassihi et al., 2017), East Azarbaijan (Yefremova et al., 2007; Ebrahimi et al., 2009; Lotfalizadeh et  al., 2015), Fars (Dousti et  al., 2006, 2008; Hesami et al., 2010a; Biparva et al., 2011, 2013; Mahmoudi et  al., 2011; Modarres Awal, 2012; Fassihi and Malekzadeh, 2015, all as C. formosus Westwood, 1833), Golestan (Ghahari et  al., 2004, 2006, as C. formosa Westwood, 1833; Modarres Awal, 2012), Isfahan (Yefremova et al., 2007), Markazi (Changizi et al., 2014), Mazandaran (Hesami et  al., 2006a, as C. formosus; Ghahari and Yefremova, 2013), Northern Khorasan (Ghahari, 2015), Sistan & Baluchestan (Yefremova et  al., 2007; Ebrahimi et  al., 2009; Shahreki et  al., 2012, 2016; Fassihi and Malekzadeh, 2015), Tehran (OILB, 1971; Farrokhi et  al., 2004; Zahiri et  al., 2004; Talebi et  al., 2005; Asadi et  al., 2006, as C. formosus; Yefremova et al., 2007; Maleki et al., 2012), West Azarbaijan (Sadeghi et al., 2012). General distribution: Argentina, Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guam, Hawaii, Hungary, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Macedonia, Malaysia, Mexico, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, Yemen, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Aleyrodes proletella (L.) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Ghahari et al., 2004; Modarres Awal, 2012), Leucoptera scitella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae) (Yefremova et al., 2007; Ebrahimi et al., 2009), Bucculatrix ulmifoliae Hering (Lepidoptera: Bucculatricidae) (Maleki et  al., 2012), Calycomyza humeralis (von Roser) (Diptera: Agromyziidae) (Zahiri et al., 2004; Hesami et al., 2010a; Shahreki et al., 2012, 2016), Liriomyza sativae (Blanchard) (Zahiri et al., 2004; Asadi et al., 2006; Mahmoudi et  al., 2011; Shahreki et  al., 2012, 2016; Lotfalizadeh et  al., 2015), Liriomyza strigata

Family Eulophidae Westwood, 1829

(Meigen) (Farrokhi et al., 2004; Yefremova et al., 2007), Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) (Zahiri et al., 2004; Talebi et al., 2005; Asadi et  al., 2006; Dousti et  al., 2006, 2008; Yefremova et  al., 2007; Hesami et  al., 2008b, 2010a; Modarres Awal, 2012; Shahreki et  al., 2012, 2016; Lotfalizadeh et  al., 2015), Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) (Yefremova et  al., 2007; Dousti et al., 2008; Ebrahimi et al., 2009; Biparva et al., 2011, 2013), Leucoptera malifoliella (Costa) (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae), Phyllonorycter populifoliella (Treitschke), Phyllonorycter sp. (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) (Sadeghi et  al., 2012), Tetralicia erianthi Danzig (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Erianthus ravenna (Poaceae) (Ghahari et  al., 2006; Ghahari and Yefremova, 2013), Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) (Sohrabi et al., 2014; Fassihi et al., 2017). Plant associations in Iran: Brassica napus (Brassicaceae), Cucumis melo and Cucumis sativus (Cucurbitaceae), Ocimum basilicum (Lamiaceae), Solanum nigrum (Solanaceae) (Mahmoudi et al., 2011), Cucumis sativus (Cucurbitaceae), Lactuca serriola (Asteraceae), Malva sylvestris (Malvaceae), Triticum aestivum (Poaceae) (Shahreki et al., 2012, 2016). Comments: Effect of temperature on the development, female longevity and parasitism of N. formosus was studied on Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyziidae) by Hesami et al. (2008b). Neochrysocharis longiventris (Askew, 1979) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011, as Closterocerus longiventris (Askew, 1979)). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Amiri et  al., 2009; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Bulgaria, Denmark, Sweden, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Phyllonorycter corylifoliella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) (Amiri et al., 2009; Modarres Awal, 2012). Genus Omphale Haliday, 1833 Omphale sulciscuta (Thomson, 1878) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Ghahari and Tabari, 2019). General distribution: Armenia, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary,

169

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, United Kingdom. Genus Pediobius Walker, 1846 Pediobius brachycerus (Thomson, 1878) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Ghahari and Sakenin, 2018). General distribution: Canada, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Japan, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America. Pediobius bruchicida (Rondani, 1872) Catalogues with Iranian records: Talebi et  al. (2011), Hesami et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Kerman, Razavi Khorasan (Hesami et al., 2018, on Tamarix sp. (Tamaricaceae), and Mentha pulegium – Lamiaceae), Iran (no specific locality) (Askew et al., 2006). General distribution: Algeria, Australia, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Egypt, Greece, Hungary, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Lebanon, Libya, Macedonia, Moldova, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Yemen. Pediobius cassidae Erdős, 1951 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari (Yefremova et  al., 2007), Isfahan (Ghahari and Yefremova, 2013), Kerman (Moeinadini and Madjdzadeh, 2018). General distribution: Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Macedonia, Moldova, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Yemen, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Diplolepis fructuum (Rübsaamen) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Rosa beggeriana (Rosaceae) (Moeinadini and Madjdzadeh, 2018). Pediobius crassicornis (Thomson, 1878) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Bushehr (Yefremova et al., 2007; Ebrahimi et  al., 2009; Fassihi and Malekzadeh, 2015).

170

General distribution: Canada, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Moldova, Netherlands, Slovakia, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, Yemen. Host records in Iran: Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) (Yefremova et  al., 2007; Ebrahimi et  al., 2009; Fassihi and Malekzadeh, 2015). Pediobius epigonus (Walker, 1839) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Ghahari, 2012). General distribution: Austria, Canada, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR. Comments: This species was recorded as Pediobius sp. by Ghahari (2012), but after reexamination of the material we identify it as P. epigonus. Pediobius eubius (Walker, 1839) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Samin and Yegorenkova, 2014). General distribution: Afghanistan, Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Japan, Korea, Macedonia, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, Yemen, former Yugoslavia. Pediobius foliorum (Geoffroy, 1785) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Kuhgiloyeh & Boyerahmad (Abd-Rabou et al., 2019). General distribution: Austria, Canada, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Japan, Moldova, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States of America. Pediobius illustris (Waterston, 1915) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Iran (no specific locality) (Waterston, 1915; Bouček and Askew, 1968). General distribution: Endemic to Iran.

Chapter 8

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Pediobius italicus Bouček, 1968 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Yefremova et al., 2007; Ebrahimi et al., 2009). General distribution: Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan. Host records in Iran: Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidotera: Gracillariidae) (Yefremova et  al., 2007; Ebrahimi et al., 2009). Pediobius lysis (Walker, 1839) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et  al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Yefremova et  al., 2007), Northern Iran (Tavakoli et al., 2010). General distribution: Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Moldova, Netherlands, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Galerucella lineola (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) (Yefremova et  al., 2007), oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Quercus spp. (Fagaceae) (Tavakoli et  al., 2010). Pediobius metallicus (Nees, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan, Golestan (Ghahari and Yefremova, 2013), Fars (Mahmoudi et  al., 2011), Kerman (Hesami et  al., 2018, on Euphorbia helioscopia – Euphorbiaceae, Mentha pulegium – Lamiaceae), Sistan & Baluchestan (Shahreki et  al., 2012, 2016; Nadimi et  al., 2013). General distribution: Austria, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Ethiopia, Germany, Hungary, India, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Korea, Macedonia, Madeira, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Pakistan, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, Yemen, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Liriomyza sativae Blanchard (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on Brassica napus (Brassicaceae), Galium tricornutum (Rubiaceae) (Mahmoudi et al., 2011), Calycomyza humeralis (von Roser) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on Triticum aestivum (Poaceae) (Shahreki et al., 2012, 2016),

Family Eulophidae Westwood, 1829

Liriomyza cicerina (Rondani) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) (Ghahari and Yefremova, 2013), Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Shahreki et  al., 2012; Ghahari and Yefremova, 2013), Liriomyza sp. (Nadimi et  al., 2013), Phytomyza horticola Goureau (as Chromatomyia horticola (Goureau)) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on Melilotus indicus (Fabaceae) (Shahreki et  al., 2016), Phytomyza horticola on Sinapis arvensis (Brassicaceae) and Sonchus arvensis (Asteraceae) (Mahmoudi et al., 2011). Pediobius nigritarsis (Thomson, 1878) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Ghahari and Yefremova, 2013). General distribution: Canada, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Israel, Italy, Netherlands, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR. Pediobius pyrgo (Walker, 1839) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et  al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Bushehr (Yefremova et al., 2007), Fars (Hesami et al., 2008c, 2010a; Biparva et al., 2011, 2013; Modarres Awal, 2012), Golestan, Mazandaran (Ghahari, 2012; Ghahari and Yefremova, 2013), Guilan, Khuzestan, Kordestan, West Azarbaijan (Ghahari and Yefremova, 2013), Ilam (Ghahari, 2015), Isfahan (Ghahari and Yefremova, 2013), Kerman (Yefremova et al., 2007; Ebrahimi et  al., 2009; Fassihi and Malekzadeh, 2015), Semnan (Naderian et  al., 2012 – in corn field). General distribution: Bulgaria, Canada, China, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Honduras, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, Turkey, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) (Yefremova et  al., 2007; Ebrahimi et  al., 2009; Hesami et  al., 2010a; Biparva et  al., 2011, 2013), Parocneria terebynthina (Staudinger) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) (Yefremova et  al., 2007; Ebrahimi et al., 2009, under Ocneria terebynthina).

171

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Pediobius rotundatus (Fonscolombe, 1832) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Northern Iran (Tavakoli et al., 2010). General distribution: Andorra, France, Italy, Jordan, Portugal, Spain, Tunisia, Turkey, Yemen. Host records in Iran: Oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Quercus spp. (Fagaceae) (Tavakoli et al., 2010). Pediobius saulius (Walker, 1839) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et  al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Bushehr (Ebrahimi et al., 2009; Fassihi and Malekzadeh, 2015), Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari (Yefremova et  al., 2007), East Azarbaijan, Golestan, Guilan, Isfahan, Kerman, Khuzestan, Razavi Khorasan (Ghahari and Yefremova, 2013), Fars (Biparva et  al., 2011, 2013; Fassihi and Malekzadeh, 2015), Lorestan (Azizkhani et  al., 2008), West Azarbaijan (Sadeghi et  al., 2012; Ghahari and Yefremova, 2013; Samin and Yegorenkova, 2014), Iran (no specific locality) (Askew et al., 2006). General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Canary Islands, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, former USSR, Yemen, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) (Askew et  al., 2006), Dryocosmus israeli (Sternlicht), Neuroterus macropterus (Hartig) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) (Azizkhani et al., 2008), Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) (Ebrahimi et al., 2009; Biparva et al., 2011, 2013; Fassihi and Malekzadeh, 2015), Phyllonorycter sp. (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) (Sadeghi et  al., 2012). Pediobius spp. Distribution in Iran: Ardabil (Fathi, 2011), Fars (Dousti et al., 2006). Host records in Iran: Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) (Dousti et  al., 2006), Phytomyza horticola Goureau (as Chromatomyia horticola (Goureau)) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) (Fathi, 2011).

172

Subfamily Entiinae Hedqvist, 1974 Genus Astichus Förster, 1856 Astichus arithmeticus (Förster, 1851) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Fars (Lotfazlizadeh et al., 2019). General distribution: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Croatia, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America. Genus Euderus Haliday, 1844 Euderus agrili Bouček, 1963 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Hesami et  al., 2008c, 2010b; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Kirgizia, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Tajikistan, Turkey, Ukraine, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Larvae of Buprestidae (Coleoptera) on Prunus dulcis (Rosaceae) (Hesami et al., 2010b). Euderus albitarsis (Zetterstedt, 1838) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Moeinadini and Madjdzadeh, 2018). General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Ireland (north and south), Israel, Italy, Japan, Kirgizia, Korea, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Tajikistan, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, Yemen, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Diplolepis fructuum (Rübsaamen) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Rosa beggeriana (Rosaceae) (Moeinadini Madjdzadeh, 2018). Subfamily Eulophinae Westwood, 1812 Genus Aulogymnus Förster, 1851 Aulogymnus arsames (Walker, 1838) Catalogues with Iranian records: None.

Chapter 8

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Distribution in Iran: Northern Iran (Tavakoli et al., 2010). General distribution: Andorra, Austria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Quercus spp. (Fagaceae) (Tavakoli et al., 2010). Aulogymnus gallarum (Linnaeus, 1761) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et  al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Qazvin (Yefremova et  al., 2007), northern Iran (Tavakoli et al., 2010). General distribution: Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Adleria sp., Andricus sp., Cynips sp. (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) (Yefremova et  al., 2007), oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Quercus spp. (Fagaceae) (Tavakoli et al., 2010). Aulogymnus skianeuros (Ratzeburg, 1844) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011). Distribution in Iran: Lorestan (Azizkhani et  al., 2008), West Azarbaijan (Zargaran et  al., 2008; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Andricus cecconii (Kieffer) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) (Azizkhani et  al., 2008), Andricus grossulariae Giraud (Azizkhani et  al., 2008; Zargaran et  al., 2008; Modarres Awal, 2012), Andricus multiplicatus Giraud (Zargaran et al., 2008; Modarres Awal, 2012). Aulogymnus testaceoviridis (Erdős, 1961) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Lorestan (Azizkhani et  al., 2008), northern Iran (Tavakoli et al., 2010).

Family Eulophidae Westwood, 1829

General distribution: Czech Republic, France, Hungary, Jordan, Romania, Spain. Host records in Iran: Andricus multiplicatus Giraud (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) (Azizkhani et al., 2008), oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Quercus spp. (Fagaceae) (Tavakoli et al., 2010). Aulogymnus trilineatus (Mayr, 1877) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Lorestan (Azizkhani et  al., 2008), northern Iran (Tavakoli et al., 2010). General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Andricus grossulariae Giraud (as Andricus panteli), Andricus moreae Graeffe, Andricus lucidus (Hartig), Andricus megalucidus Melika, Stone, Sadeghi and Pujade-Villar, Andricus tomentosus (Trotter) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) (Azizkhani et  al., 2008), oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Quercus spp. (Fagaceae) (Tavakoli et al., 2010). Genus Cirrospilus Westwood, 1832 Cirrospilus diallus Walker, 1838 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Ghahari and Yefremova, 2013). General distribution: Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Korea, Madeira, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, United Kingdom, former USSR, Yemen. Cirrospilus ingenuus Gahan, 1932 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011). Distribution in Iran: Bushehr (Yefremova et al., 2007; Ebrahimi et  al., 2009; Fassihi and Malekzadeh, 2015), Sistan & Baluchestan (Ebrahimi et  al., 2009; Fassihi and Malekzadeh, 2015). General distribution: Australia, China, Cyprus, India, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Malaysia, Mexico, Morocco, Oman, Philippines, Spain, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, United States of America, Yemen. Host records in Iran: Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) (Yefremova et  al.,

173

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

2007; Ebrahimi et  al., 2009; Fassihi and Malekzadeh, 2015).

Populus nigra (Salicaceae) (Lotfalizadeh and Delvare, 2011).

Cirrospilus lyncus Walker, 1838 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan, West Azarbaijan (Samin and Yegorenkova, 2014), Golestan (Alavi et al., 2002), Kordestan (Ghahari and Yefremova, 2013), Mazandaran (Yefremova et  al., 2007; Ebrahimi et  al., 2009; Fassihi and Malekzadeh, 2015). General distribution: Austria, Azerbaijan, Bosnia Hercegovina, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Ireland (north and south), Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Lithuania, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) (Alavi et al., 2002; Yefremova et al., 2007; Ebrahimi et al., 2009).

Cirrospilus scapus Yefremova, 2007 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan (Yefremova et al., 2007; Lotfalizadeh and Delvare, 2011). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Host records in Iran: Liriomyza congesta (Becker) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) (Yefremova et al., 2007; Lotfalizadeh and Delvare, 2011).

Cirrospilus persicus Lotfalizadeh and Delvare, 2011 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh and Delvare, 2011). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Plant associations in Iran: Salsola dendroides (Amaranthaceae) (Lotfalizadeh and Delvare, 2011). Cirrospilus pictus (Nees, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Tehran (Baniameri and Mohammadi-Pour, 2007), West Azarbaijan (Lotfalizade and Delvare, 2011). General distribution: Algeria, Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Ireland (north and south), Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Libya, Madeira, Malta, Moldova, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Bucculatrix ulmella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Bucculatricidae) on elm trees (Ulmaceae) and Phyllonorycter populifoliella (Treitschke) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) on

174

Cirrospilus staryi Bouček, 1959 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Bushehr (Yefremova et  al., 2007; Ebrahimi et  al., 2009; Lotfalizadeh and Delvare, 2011; Fassihi and Malekzadeh, 2015). General distribution: Algeria, Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Georgia, Germany, Iran, Lebanon, Montenegro, Serbia, Sweden, Transcaucasus, Turkey, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) (Yefremova et  al., 2007; Ebrahimi et  al., 2009; Fassihi and Malekzadeh, 2015). Cirrospilus viticola (Rondani, 1877) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Hormozgan (Yefremova et al., 2007; Ebrahimi et  al., 2009; Lotfalizadeh and Delvare, 2011; Fassihi and Malekzadeh, 2015), West Azarbaijan (Ghahari and Yefremova, 2013), northern Iran (Tavakoli et al., 2010). General distribution: Austria, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) (Yefremova et  al., 2007; Ebrahimi et  al., 2009), oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Quercus spp. (Fagaceae) (Tavakoli et al., 2010). Cirrospilus vittatus Walker, 1838 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et  al. (2011), Noyes (2019).

Chapter 8

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2015), Fars (Mahmoudi et al., 2011), Ilam (Ghahari, 2015), Tehran (Rajabi, 1989, 2011; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Talebi et al., 2005; Asadi et  al., 2006; Lotfalizadeh and Delvare, 2011), West Azarbaijan (Rajabi, 1989, 2011; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Lotfalizadeh and Delvare, 2011; Sadeghi et al., 2012). General distribution: Algeria, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bosnia Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Iran, Iraq, Ireland (north and south), Italy, Japan, Jordan, Latvia, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Stigmella malella (Stainton) (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae) (Rajabi, 1989, 2011; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Lotfalizadeh and Delvare, 2011), Phyllonorycter sp., Phyllonorycter populifoliella (Treitschke) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) (Sadeghi et al., 2012), Phytomyza horticola Goureau (as Chromatomyia horticola (Goureau)) (Diptera: Agromyziidae) (Asadi et al., 2006; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2015), Phytomyza horticola on Sinapis arvensis (Brassicaceae) (Mahmoudi et  al., 2011), Liriomyza sativae Blanchard (Diptera: Agromyziidae) on alfalfa (Talebi et  al., 2005; Asadi et  al., 2006; Lotfalizadeh and Delvare, 2011) and on Mentha spicata (Lamiaceae) (Mahmoudi et  al., 2011), Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) on alfalfa (Talebi et al., 2005; Asadi et al., 2006; Lotfalizadeh and Delvare, 2011; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2015). Genus Colpoclypeus Lucchese, 1941 Colpoclypeus florus (Walker, 1938) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Ardabil (Samin et  al., 2019), Razavi Khorasan (Darsouei et al., 2018). General distribution: Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Morocco, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR. Comments: Darsouei et al. (2018) recorded Aphididae (Hemiptera) as the host of Colpoclypeus florus erroneously. This species is a parasitoid of

Family Eulophidae Westwood, 1829

Cecidomyiidae (Diptera), Gelechiidae, Lyonetiidae, Tortricidae, Zygaenidae (Lepidoptera) (Noyes, 2019). Genus Dahlbominus Hincks 1945 Dahlbominus fuscipennis (Zetterstedt, 1838) Catalogues with Iranian records: None (newly recorded from Iran). Distribution in Iran: Kuhgiloyeh & Boyerahmad province, Landeh, 1♀, 2♂, ex Tortrix viridana Linnaeus, 1758 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on Quercus brandtii (Fagaceae), May 2013. General distribution: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Genus Diaulinopsis Crawford, 1912 Diaulinopsis arenaria (Erdős, 1951) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Dousti et  al., 2006, 2008; Mahmoudi et  al., 2011; Modarres Awal, 2012), Kordestan, Lorestan (Yefremova et  al., 2007). General distribution: Austria, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden. Host records in Iran: Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) (Dousti et  al., 2006, 2008; Modarres Awal, 2012), Liriomyza sp. (Diptera: Agromyzidae) (Dousti et  al., 2008), Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Hypera postica Fabricius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Liriomyza congesta Becker (Diptera: Agromyzidae) (Yefremova et al., 2007), Liriomyza sativae Blanchard on Citrullus lanatus (Cucurbitaceae) and Cucumis melo (Cucurbitaceae) (Mahmoudi et al., 2011). Genus Dichatomus Förster, 1878 Dichatomus acerinus Förster, 1878 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et  al. (2011), Noyes (2019).

175

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Distribution in Iran: Iran (no specific locality) (OILB, 1971). General distribution: Austria, Croatia, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Netherlands, Spain. Host records in Iran: Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) (OILB, 1971). Genus Dicladocerus Westwood, 1832 Dicladocerus westwoodi Westwood, 1832 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan (Samin and Yegorenkova, 2014). General distribution: Austria, Canada, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland (north and south), Italy, Japan, Madeira, Netherlands, Portugal, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America, former Yugoslavia. Dicladocerus sp. Distribution in Iran: Khuzestan (Modarres Awal, 1997; Mossadegh and Kocheili, 2003, both as Solenotus sp.). Host records in Iran: Syringopais temperatella Lederer (Lepidoptera: Pterolonchidae) (Modarres Awal, 1997). Genus Diglyphus Walker, 1844 Diglyphus begini (Ashmead, 1904) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Mahmoudi et al., 2011). General distribution: Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, Czech Republic, Hawaii, Israel, Mexico, Norway, Peru, Puerto Rico, Slovakia, Turkey, United States of America, Yemen. Host records in Iran: Liriomyza sativae Blanchard (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on Cucumis melo (Cucurbitaceae), Cucumis sativus (Cucurbitaceae) and Ocimum basilicum (Lamiaceae) (Mahmoudi et al., 2011). Diglyphus bulbus Ubaidillah and Yefremova, 2001 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Markazi (Changiz et al., 2014). General distribution: Kazakhstan. Host records in Iran: Agromyza sp. (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on chickpea (Changizi et al., 2014).

176

Diglyphus chabrias Walker, 1838 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et  al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Fallahzadeh et al., 2006; Modarres Awal, 2012), Lorestan (Yefremova et al., 2007). General distribution: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Madeira, Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on Lactuca serriola (Asteraceae) (Fallahzadeh et al., 2006; Modarres Awal, 2012), Syringopais temperatella Lederer (Lepidoptera: Pterolonchidae) (Yefremova et al., 2007). Diglyphus crassinervis Erdős, 1958 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et  al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Dousti et  al., 2006, 2008; Hesami et  al., 2006a, 2010b; Mahmoudi et  al., 2011; Modarres Awal, 2012), Isfahan (Ghahari and Yefremova, 2013), Tehran (Talebi et al., 2005; Asadi et al., 2006). General distribution: Bulgaria, China, Czech Republic, Egypt, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Moldova, Morocco, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom, Yemen. Host records in Iran: Liriomyza sativae Blanchard (Diptera: Agromyzidae) (Talebi et  al., 2005; Asadi et  al., 2006; Dousti et  al., 2008; Lotfalizadeh et  al., 2015), Liriomyza sativae on Ocimum basilicum (Lamiaceae), Phaseolus vulgaris (Fabaceae), Solanum nigrum (Solanaceae) and Sisymbrium irio (Brassicaceae) (Mahmoudi et al., 2011), Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Talebi et  al., 2005; Asadi et  al., 2006; Dousti et  al., 2006, 2008; Hesami et  al., 2010b; Modarres Awal, 2012; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2015), Liriomyza sp. (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on Tanacetum sp. (Asteraceae) (Hesami et al., 2006a), Calycomyza humeralis (von Roser) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on Aster sp. (Asteraceae) (Hesami et al., 2010b). Diglyphus isaea (Walker, 1838) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et  al. (2011), Noyes (2019).

Chapter 8

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Distribution in Iran: Ardabil (Fathi, 2011), Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari (Yefremova et  al., 2007), East Azarbaijan (Samin and Yegorenkova, 2014; Lotfalizadeh et  al., 2015), Fars (Dousti et al., 2006, 2008; Hesami et al., 2006b, 2010b; Mahmoudi et al., 2011; Modarres Awal, 2012), Golestan, Mazandaran (Ghahari and Yefremova, 2013; Ghahari, 2012, 2015), Isfahan (Ghahari and Yefremova, 2013; Ghahari, 2015), Guilan, Kerman, Northern Khorasan, Semnan (Ghahari, 2015), Kordestan (Khanizad et al., 2006), Sistan & Baluchestan (Shahreki et  al., 2012, 2016), Tehran (Shojai et  al., 2003, 2005; Talebi et  al., 2005; Asadi et  al., 2006; Ghahari, 2015), West Azarbaijan (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Samin and Yegorenkova, 2014). General distribution: Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Greenland, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Korea, Lithuania, Macedonia, Madeira, Malta, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Turkey, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, Yemen, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Chromatomyia nigra (Meigen) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) (Shahreki et  al., 2012), Phytomyza horticola Goureau (as Chromatomyia horticola (Goureau)) (Fathi, 2011; Mahmoudi et  al., 2011; Shahreki et  al., 2012, 2016; Lotfalizadeh et  al., 2015), Liriomyza ciceriana Rondani (Diptera: Agromyzidae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Khanizad et  al., 2006), Liriomyza sativae Blanchard (Talebi et al., 2005; Asadi et  al., 2006; Mahmoudi et  al., 2011; Lotfalizadeh et  al., 2015), Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Shojai et al., 2003, 2005; Talebi et al., 2005; Asadi et  al., 2006; Dousti et  al., 2006, 2008; Hesami et  al., 2010b; Modarres Awal, 2012; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2015), Liriomyza spp. (Diptera: Agromyzidae) (Asadi et  al., 2006; Dousti et al., 2008). Plant associations in Iran: Cucumis sativus (Cucurbitaceae), Malva parviflora (Malvaceae), Phaseolus vulgaris (Fabaceae), Sinapis arvensis (Brassicaceae), Sisymbrium irio (Brassicaceae), Solanum lycopersicum (Solanaceae) and Galium

Family Eulophidae Westwood, 1829

tricornutum (Rubiaceae) (Mahmoudi et al., 2011), Brassica rapa (Brassicaceae), Helianthus annuus (Asteraceae), Melilotus sativae (Fabaceae), Silybum sp. (Asteraceae), Triticum aestivum (Poaceae) (Shahreki et al., 2012, 2016). Diglyphus minoeus (Walker, 1838) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Isfahan (Yefremova et  al., 2007), Sistan & Baluchestan (Ghahari, 2015). General distribution: Austria, Barbados, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Malta, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan, Romania, Russia, Slovakia,Sweden,Switzerland,Turkey,Turkmenistan, United Kingdom, Yemen. Host records in Iran: Liriomyza sp. (Diptera: Agromyzidae) (Yefremova et al., 2007). Diglyphus pachyneurus Graham, 1963 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2015). General distribution: China, Croatia, Germany, Italy, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Russia, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom, Yemen. Host records in Iran: Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess), Phytomyza horticola Goureau (as Chromatomyia horticola (Goureau)) (Diptera: Agromyziidae) (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2015). Diglyphus poppoea Walker, 1848 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Dousti, 2008; Mahmoudi et  al., 2011; Modarres Awal, 2012), Golestan, Isfahan (Ghahari and Yefremova, 2013), Sistan & Baluchestan (Shahreki et al., 2012, 2016). General distribution: Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Moldova, Morocco, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, Yemen. Host records in Iran: Agromyza ambigua Fallén (Dousti, 2008), Liriomyza sativae Blanchard (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on Ocimum basilicum (Lamiaceae), Triticum aestivum L. (Poaceae), and Medicago sativa (Fabaceae) (Mahmoudi et  al., 2011), Phytomyza horticola Goureau (as Chromatomyia horticola (Goureau)) (Diptera:

177

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Agromyzidae) on Brassica rapa (Brassicaceae) and Cucumis sativus (Cucurbitaceae) (Shahreki et al., 2012, 2016). Diglyphus pulchripes (Crawford, 1912) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Dousti et al., 2006, 2008; Mahmoudi et al., 2011; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Canada, China, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Liriomyza sativae Blanchard (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on Cucumis melo and Cucumis sativus (Cucurbitaceae) (Mahmoudi et al., 2011), Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Dousti et  al., 2006, 2008; Modarres Awal, 2012; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2015). Comments: Diglyphus pulchripes has otherwise been reported only from the Nearctic and Oriental Regions (Noyes, 2019) and its presence in Iran is therefore doubtful and needs confirmation (Z. Yefremova). Diglyphus pusztensis Erdős and Novicky, 1951 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Hesami et  al., 2008c, 2010b – in wheat field; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Azerbaijan, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Japan, Poland, Romania, Russia, former Yugoslavia. Diglyphus sabulosus Erdős, 1951 Catalogues with Iranian records: Talebi et  al. (2011), Hesami et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Davatchi and Shojai, 1969; Shojai, 1998), Tehran (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012). General distribution: Czech Republic, Hungary, Israel, Romania, Slovakia, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine. Host records in Iran: Pegomya betae (Curtis) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) on Beta vulgaris (Amaranthaceae) (Davatchi and Shojai, 1969; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998). Diglyphus scapus Yefremova, 2006 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Hesami et  al., 2006a, 2008a). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Comment: Noyes (2019) incorrectly cited the year of description of this species as 2008.

178

Diglyphus sensilis Yefremova, 2011 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan (Ranji et al., 2015). General distribution: Israel, Turkey. Host records in Iran: Phytomyza horticola Goureau (as Chromatomyia horticola (Goureau)) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on Nonea lutea (Boraginaceae) (Ranji et al., 2015). Diglyphus sp. Distribution in Iran: Tehran (Shojai, 1998). Host records in Iran: Agromyza sp. (Diptera: Agromyzidae) (Shojai, 1998). Genus Elachertus Spinola, 1811 Elachertus charondas (Walker, 1839) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh et  al., 2019), Golestan, Mazandaran (Ghahari et al., 2016). General distribution: Brazil, China, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Japan, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, Turkmenistan, United Kingdom, Yemen. Elachertus fenestratus Nees, 1834 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Ghahari, 2015), generally distributed in Iran (Sahragard, 1977; Behdad, 1993; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012, as Elachertus proteoteratis Howard, 1885; Yarahmadi et al., 2016). General distribution: Austria, Bosnia Hercegovina, Canada, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Greenland, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, Yemen. Host records in Iran: Cephus pygmaeus (L.) (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) (Sahragard, 1977; Behdad, 1993; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Yarahmadi et al., 2016). Elachertus gallicus Erdős, 1958 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et  al. (2011), Noyes (2019).

Chapter 8

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Distribution in Iran: Fars (Yefremova et al., 2007; Ebrahimi et al., 2009; Yarahmadi et al., 2016). General distribution: France, Germany, Iran, Russia, Sweden, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) (Yefremova et  al., 2007; Ebrahimi et  al., 2009; Yarahmadi et  al., 2016). Elachertus inunctus Nees, 1834 Catalogues with Iranian records: Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Khuzestan (Yarahmadi et al., 2016), Northern Khorasan (Samin, 2015). General distribution: Austria, Bosnia Hercegovina, Bulgaria, China, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Lithuania, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Tuta absoluta (Meyreck) (Lepidoptera: Gelechidae) (Yarahmadi et al., 2016). Elachertus isadas (Walker, 1839) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Sistan & Baluchestan (Sakenin et al., 2019). General distribution: Canary Islands, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Taiwan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Yemen, former Yugoslavia. Elachertus pulcher (Erdős, 1961) Catalogues with Iranian records: Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Khuzestan (Yarahmadi et al., 2016; Noyes, 2019). General distribution: Austria, Azerbaijan, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Madeira, Moldova, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Taiwan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Yemen, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Tuta absoluta (Meyreck) (Lepidoptera: Gelechidae) (Yarahmadi et  al., 2016). Genus Elasmus Westwood, 1833 Elasmus biroi Erdős, 1964 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh and Hosseini, 2012, 2014). General distribution: Hungary.

Family Eulophidae Westwood, 1829

Host records in Iran: Etiella zinckenella (Treitschke) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on Sophora alopecuroides (Fabaceae) (Lotfalizadeh and Hosseini, 2014), E. zinckenella on Glycyrrhiza glabra (Fabaceae) (Lotfalizadeh and Hosseini, 2012). Elasmus flabellatus (Fonscolombe, 1832) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Ghahari et  al., 2016), Mazandaran (Samin et al., 2019). General distribution: Austria, Bosnia Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Lebanon, Moldova, Morocco, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Elasmus indicus Rohwer, 1921 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Abolhassanzadeh et al., 2013). General distribution: Bangladesh, India, Japan, Russia, Sri Lanka, Vietnam. Comments: Presence of E. indicus in Iran is doubtful and its identification needs to be confirmed (Z. Yefremova). Elasmus johnstoni Ferrière, 1929 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Abolhassanzadeh et al., 2013). General distribution: India, Myanmar, Pakistan, Senegal, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Thailand, Uganda, Zimbabwe. Comments: Presence of E. johnstoni in Iran is doubtful and its identification needs to be confirmed (Z. Yefremova). Elasmus masii Ferrière, 1929 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Shafiee et al., 2014, 2015, swept on Medicago sativa – Fabaceae). General distribution: Cameroon, Malawi, Portugal, Senegal, Seychelles, South Africa, West Africa. Elasmus nephantidis Rohwer, 1921 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Abolhassanzadeh et al., 2013).

179

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

General distribution: China, India, Japan, Malaysia, Russia, South Korea, Thailand, Vietnam. Elasmus nudus (Nees, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Hesami et  al., 2008c, 2010b; Modarres Awal, 2012 – erroneously recorded from Tehran), Kerman (Yefremova and Strakhova, 2010; Abolhassanzadeh et al., 2013). General distribution: Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Caucasus, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Poland, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen, former Yugoslavia. Elasmus phthorimaeae Ferrière, 1947 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Bayegan et al., 2015; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2016 – in rice field), Kerman (Abolhassanzadeh et al., 2013). General distribution: Cyprus, Israel, Spain, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Yemen. Elasmus platyedrae Ferrière, 1935 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh and Hosseini, 2012, 2014), Kordestan (Samin, 2015). General distribution: Armenia, Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Egypt, France, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, India, Israel, Italy, Macedonia, Madeira, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, United States of America, Yemen, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Etiella zinckenella (Treitschke) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on Sophora alopecuroides (Fabaceae) (Lotfalizadeh and Hosseini, 2014), E. zinckenella on Glycyrrhiza glabra (Fabaceae) (Lotfalizadeh and Hosseini, 2012). Elasmus unicolor (Rondani, 1877) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Qazvin (Samin et al., 2019). General distribution: Bulgaria, Caucasus, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Moldova, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Turkmenistan.

180

Elasmus viridiceps Thomson, 1878 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Abolhassanzadeh et al., 2013). General distribution: Afghanistan, Austria, Bulgaria, China, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Yemen. Genus Euplectrus Westwood, 1832 Euplectrus bicolor (Swederus, 1795) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011). Distribution in Iran: Ardabil (Arbabtafti and Ebrahimi, 2013), Razavi Khorasan (Ghahari, 2015), West Azarbaijan (Naseri et  al., 1998; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Australia, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Somalia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Turkmenistan, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Leucania loreyi (Duponchel) (as Mythimna loreyi (Duponchel)) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (Naseri et al., 1998; Modarres Awal, 2012), Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (Arbabtafti and Ebrahimi, 2013). Euplectrus flavipes (Fonscolombe, 1832) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011). Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Shojai, 1998), Fars, Tehran (Eghtedar, 1989; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012). General distribution: Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Cyprus, Dominican Republic, France, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Mexico, Moldova, Montenegro, Portugal, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Syria, Taiwan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (Eghtedar, 1989; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998). Euplectrus indicus Ferrière, 1941 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2018).

Chapter 8

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Shafiee et al., 2014, 2015, swept on Medicago sativa – Fabaceae). General distribution: Brazil, China, India, Mexico, Taiwan, Thailand. Euplectrus liparidis Ferrière, 1941 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Khuzestan (Moravvej et  al., 2016), West Azarbaijan (Yefremova et al., 2007). General distribution: Algeria, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Czech Republic, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Macedonia, Slovakia, Yemen. Host records in Iran: Leucania loreyi (Duponchel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (Yefremova et  al., 2007). Euplectrus sp. Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Nikdel et al., 2008). Host records in Iran: Euproctis chrysorrhoea (L.) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) (Nikdel et al., 2008). Genus Hemiptarsenus Westwood, 1833 Hemiptarsenus autonomus (Mercet, 1924) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Piruznia et al., 2016). General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Hungary, Israel, Moldova, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain. Hemiptarsenus nuperus Narendran, 2011 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Shafiee et al., 2014, 2015, swept on Medicago sativa – Fabaceae; Piruznia et al., 2016). General distribution: India. Hemiptarsenus ornatus (Nees, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Ghahari and Yefremova, 2013). General distribution: Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Korea, Madeira, Moldova, Morocco, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, Yemen, former Yugoslavia.

Family Eulophidae Westwood, 1829

Host records in Iran: Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) (Ghahari and Yefremova, 2013). Hemiptarsenus unguicellus (Zetterstedt, 1838) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Hesami et  al., 2008c, 2010b – in alfalfa field; Modarres Awal, 2012; Piruznia et al., 2016), Golestan (Ghahari, 2012; Ghahari and Yefremova, 2013), Isfahan (Ghahari and Yefremova, 2013). General distribution: Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Iran, Italy, Japan, Korea, Macedonia, Madeira, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Ceutorhynchus assimilis Paykull (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) (Ghahari and Yefremova, 2013). Hemiptarsenus varicornis (Girault, 1913) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et  al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Hormozgan (Yefremova et al., 2007; Piruznia et  al., 2016), Isfahan, Razavi Khorasan (Ghahari and Yefremova, 2013), Kuhgiloyeh & Boyerahmad (Ghahari, 2015). General distribution: Australia, China, Ethiopia, Fiji, Ghana, Guam, Hawaii, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Kenya, Madeira, Malaysia, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Taiwan, Tanzania, Turkey, Vanuatu. Host records in Iran: Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) (Yefremova et al., 2007; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2015). Hemiptarsenus wailesellae Nowicki, 1929 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011). Distribution in Iran: Tehran (Zahiri et  al., 2004; Modarres Awal, 2012; Piruznia et al., 2016). General distribution: Algeria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Israel, Italy, Montenegro, Poland, Slovakia, former Yugoslavia.

181

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Host records in Iran: Liriomyza sativae Blanchard (Diptera: Agromyzidae) (Zahiri et  al., 2004; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2015); parasitoid of larvae of Diptera (Modarres Awal, 2012). Hemiptarsenus waterhousii Westwood, 1833 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2015), Fars (Hesami et al., 2008c, 2010b; Modarres Awal, 2012; Piruznia et  al., 2016), West Azarbaijan (Sadeghi et al., 2012). General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Netherlands, Serbia, Slovakia, United Kingdom, Yemen. Host records in Iran: Leucoptera malifoliella (Costa) (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae), Phyllonorycter populifoliella (Treitschke) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) (Sadeghi et  al., 2012), Phyllonorycter medicaginella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) – in alfalfa field (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2015). Hemiptarsenus zilahisebessi Erdős, 1951 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et  al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Dousti et  al., 2006, 2008; Hesami et  al., 2006b, 2010b – in alfalfa, corn and parsley fields; Mahmoudi et al., 2011; Modarres Awal, 2012; Piruznia et  al., 2016), Khuzestan (Moravvej et  al., 2016), Sistan & Baluchestan (Shahreki et al., 2012, 2016), Tehran (Zahiri et  al., 2004;Talebi et  al., 2005; Asadi et al., 2006; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Bulgaria, China, former Czechoslovakia, Egypt, France, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Korea, Moldova, Poland, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Turkey. Host records in Iran: Liriomyza sativae Blanchard (Zahiri et al., 2004; Asadi et al., 2006; Haghani et al., 2010; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2015), Liriomyza sativae on Citrullus lanatus (Cucurbitaceae), Cucumis melo and Cucumis sativus (Cucurbitaceae), Medicago sativa (Fabaceae) (Mahmoudi et  al., 2011), Calycomyza humeralis (von Roser) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on Triticum aestivum (Poaceae) (Shahreki et  al., 2012, 2016), Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyziidae) (Talebi et  al., 2005; Asadi et al., 2006; Dousti et al., 2006, 2008; Modarres Awal, 2012; Lotfalizadeh et  al., 2015), Phytomyza horticola Goureau (as Chromatomyia

182

horticola (Goureau)) (Diptera: Agromyziidae) (Asadi et al., 2006; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2015). Hemiptarsenus spp. Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Ghahari, 2012), Guilan (Bayegan et al., 2015; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2016 – in rice field). Genus Hyssopus Girault, 1916 Hyssopus geniculatus (Hartig, 1838) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et  al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Ghahari and Yefremova, 2013; Ghahari, 2015), Mazandaran (Yefremova et  al., 2007; Ebrahimi et  al., 2009; Fassihi and Malekzadeh, 2015). General distribution: Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Macedonia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, United Kingdom, Yemen. Host records in Iran: Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) (Yefremova et  al., 2007; Ebrahimi et al., 2009). Hyssopus nigritulus (Zetterstedt, 1838) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Hesami et  al., 2008c, 2010b – in alfalfa and maize fields; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Armenia, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland (north and south), Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Turkmenistan, United Kingdom, former USSR, Yemen. Genus Miotropis Thomson, 1878 Miotropis unipuncta (Nees, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan (Samin and Yegorenkova, 2014). General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Madeira, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Netherlands,

Chapter 8

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom, former USSR. Genus Necremnus Thomson, 1878 Necremnus leucarthros (Nees, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Akbari Noushad, 1995; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012). General distribution: Algeria, Armenia, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Italy, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Transcaucasus, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) (as Hypera variabilis (Herbst)) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (Akbari Noushad, 1995; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012). Necremnus tidius (Walker, 1839) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et  al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Isfahan, Lorestan (Yefremova et al., 2007). General distribution: Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Iran, Israel, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Cephus pygmeus L. (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), Syringopais temperatella Lederer (Lepidoptera: Pterolonchidae) (Yefremova et al., 2007). Genus Pnigalio Schrank, 1802 Pnigalio agraules (Walker, 1839) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et  al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan, West Azarbaijan (Samin and Yegorenkova, 2014), Fars (Amiri et  al., 2009; Modarres Awal, 2012), Isfahan (Yefremova et  al., 2007), Kerman (Hesami et  al., 2018 on Medicago sativa – Fabaceae), Khuzestan (Yefremova et  al., 2007; Ebrahimi et  al., 2009; Fassihi and Malekzadeh, 2015; Moravvej et  al., 2016), Mazandaran

Family Eulophidae Westwood, 1829

(Jafari, 2000; Modarres Awal, 2012; Fassihi and Malekzadeh, 2015). General distribution: Austria, Bosnia Hercegovina, Bulgaria, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Macedonia, Malta, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) (Yefremova et  al., 2007; Ebrahimi et  al., 2009; Modarres Awal, 2012; Moravvej et  al., 2016), Phyllonorycter corylifoliella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) (Yefremova et  al., 2007; Amiri et  al., 2009; Ebrahimi et  al., 2009; Modarres Awal, 2012; Moravvej et al., 2016). Pnigalio cristatus (Ratzeburg, 1848) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et al. (2010b, 2018, as Ratzeburgiola cristatus (Ratzeburg, 1848)), Talebi et al. (2011, as R. cristatus). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Dousti et  al., 2006, 2008; Modarres Awal, 2012, all as Ratzeburgiola cristatus (Ratzeburg, 1848)), Guilan (Chaboksar, 1♀, June 2014). General distribution: Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) (Dousti et  al., 2006, 2008; Modarres Awal, 2012). Pnigalio longulus (Zetterstedt, 1838) Catalogues with Iranian records: None (newly recorded from Iran). Distribution in Iran: Guilan province, Talesh (Rostam-Mahalleh), 4♀, 1♂, ex Phyllonorycter populifoliella (Treitschke, 1833) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), September 2011. General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Serbia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Pnigalio nemati (Westwood, 1838) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011).

183

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Distribution in Iran: Fars (Hesami et  al., 2008c, 2010b; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Netherlands, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom. Pnigalio pectinicornis (Linnaeus, 1758) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et  al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Hesami et  al., 2008c, 2010b; Modarres Awal, 2012), Golestan (Alavi et  al., 2002; Ghahari, 2012; Modarres Awal, 2012; Fassihi and Malekzadeh, 2015), Isfahan (Ghahari, 2012; Ghahari and Yefremova, 2013), Lorestan (Yefremova et al., 2007), Mazandaran (Ghahari, 2012), Tehran (Talebi et al., 2005),West Azarbaijan (Ghahari, 2015). General distribution: Australia, Austria, Bosnia Hercegovina, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Phyllonorycter corylifoliella (Hübner) (Yefremova et  al., 2007), Plyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) (Alavi et  al., 2002; Modarres Awal, 2012), Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) (Taleb et al., 2005). Pnigalio rotundiventris (Erdős, 154) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Yefremova et al., 2007). General distribution: Hungary, Iran, Israel, Russia, Sweden. Host records in Iran: Phyllonorycter corylifoliella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) (Yefremova et al., 2007). Pnigalio soemius (Walker, 1839) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et  al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Bushehr (Yefremova et  al., 2007; Ebrahimi et  al., 2009; Fassihi and Malekzadeh, 2015), East Azarbaijan, Isfahan

184

(Ghahari and Yefremova, 2013), Fars (Hesami et al., 2008c, 2010b; Biparva et al., 2011, 2013; Modarres Awal, 2012), Mazandaran (Yefremova et  al., 2007; Ebrahimi et  al., 2009; Fassihi and Malekzadeh, 2015). General distribution: Austria, Bangladesh, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Korea, Macedonia, Madeira, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) (Yefremova et  al., 2007; Ebrahimi et  al., 2009; Hesami et  al., 2010b; Biparva et  al., 2011, 2013; Fassihi and Malekzadeh, 2015). Pnigalio spp. Distribution in Iran: Fars (Dousti et  al., 2006), Khuzestan (Shojai, 1998; Mossadegh and Kocheili, 2003), Tehran (Asadi et al., 2006). Host records in Iran: Liriomyza sativae Blanchard (Diptera: Agromyzidae) (Asadi et  al., 2006; Lotfalizedeh et al., 2015, as Pnigalio sp. aff. pectinicornis), Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Asadi et  al., 2006; Dousti et  al., 2006; Lotfalizedeh et al., 2015, as Pnigalio sp. aff. pectinicornis). Genus Rhicnopelte Föster, 1878 Rhicnopelte crassicornis (Nees, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et  al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Yefremova et  al., 2007). General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Macedonia, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Turkey, Yemen. Host records in Iran: Hyphantria cunea (Drury) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) (Yefremova et al., 2007). Genus Stenomesius Westwood, 1833 Stenomesius rufescens (Retzius, 1783) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et  al. (2011), Noyes (2019).

Chapter 8

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Distribution in Iran: Hormozgan (Yefremova et al., 2007; Ebrahimi et  al., 2009; Fassihi and Malekzadeh, 2015). General distribution: Armenia, Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Slovakia, Sweden, Transcaucasus, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) (Yefremova et  al., 2007; Ebrahimi et al., 2009). Genus Sympiesis Förster, 1856 Sympiesis acalle (Walker, 1848) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Amiri et  al., 2009; Modarres Awal, 2012), Sistan & Baluchestan (Shahreki et al., 2012, 2016). General distribution: Azerbaijan, Bosnia Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kirgizia, Korea, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, Yemen. Host records in Iran: Agromyza sp. (Diptera: Agromyzidae), Phyllonorycter sp. (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) (Bouček and Askew, 1968; Yefremova, 2007), Phyllonorycter corylifoliella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) (Amiri et  al., 2009; Modarres Awal, 2012), Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on Cucumis sativus (Cucurbitaceae) (Shahreki et al., 2012, 2016). Sympiesis angustipennis (Erdős, 1954) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et  al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari (Yefremova et al., 2007). General distribution: Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Macedonia, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, former Yugoslavia. Sympiesis dolichogaster Ashmead, 1888 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Samin et al., 2019).

Family Eulophidae Westwood, 1829

General distribution: Armenia, Australia, Austria, Canada, Canary Islands, China, Cuba, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Pakistan, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sri Lanka, Switzerland, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Thailand, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America. Sympiesis euspilapterygis (Erdős, 1958) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011). Distribution in Iran: Lorestan (Pirhadi et al., 2008; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Montenegro, Poland, Sweden, Turkey. Host records in Iran: Syringopais temperatella Lederer (Lepidoptera: Pterolonchidae) (Pirhadi et al., 2008; Modarres Awal, 2012). Sympiesis flavopicta Bouček, 1959 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Northern Khorasan (Ghahari, 2015). General distribution: Armenia, Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Iraq, Israel, Kirgizia, Moldova, Montenegro, Pakistan, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Sympiesis gordius (Walker, 1839) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Samin and Yegorenkova, 2014), Fars (Amiri et  al., 2009; Modarres Awal, 2012), Guilan (Ghahari and Yefremova, 2013), Isfahan (Yefremova et  al., 2007), Markazi (Haeselbarth, 1985; Rajabi, 1989, 2011; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Tehran (Haeselbarth, 1985; Rajabi, 1989, 2011). General distribution: Afghanistan, Austria, Bosnia Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Macedonia, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Phyllonorycter corylifoliella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) (Rajabi, 1989, 2011; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Amiri

185

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

et  al., 2009), Phyllonorycter blancardella (Fabricious), Leucoptera scitella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Lyonetidae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Yefremova et al., 2007). Sympiesis grahami Erdős, 1966 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018). Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan (Zargaran et al., 2010). General distribution: Azerbaijan, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Romania, Sweden, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Phyllonorycter populifoliella (Treitschke) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) (Zargaran et al., 2010). Sympiesis gregori Bouček, 1959 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Isfahan, Lorestan (Yefremova et al., 2007). General distribution: Austria, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Moldova, Morocco, Netherlands, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Phyllonorycter corylifoliella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) (Yefremova et al., 2007). Sympiesis gyorfii Erdős, 1954 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Zanjan (Sakenin et al., 2019). General distribution: Austria, Bosnia Hercegovina, Bulgaria, France, Hungary, Ireland (north and south), Israel, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain. Sympiesis notata (Zetterstedt, 1838) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Ghahari and Sakenin, 2018). General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Korea, Macedonia, Moldova, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom. Sympiesis sericeicornis (Nees, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011), Noyes (2019).

186

Distribution in Iran: Fars (Amiri et al., 2009), Kerman (Hesami et  al., 2018, on Mentha longifolia), Kermanshah (Ghahari, 2015), Markazi (Haeselbarth, 1985; Rajabi, 2011), Tehran (Haeselbarth, 1985; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998; Rajabi, 2011). General distribution: Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bosnia Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Caucasus, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Phyllonorycter platani (Staudinger) (as Lithocolletis platani Staudinger) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998), Leucoptera scitella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Lyonetidae) (Rajabi, 2011), Phyllonorycter blancardiella (Fabricius), Phyllonorycter corylifoliella (Hübner) (Amiri et al., 2009; Modarres Awal, 2012), Phyllonorycter turanica Gerasimov (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Rajabi, 2011). Sympiesis viridula (Thomson, 1878) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Hesami et al., 2018 on Mentha longifolia – Lamiaceae), West Azarbaijan (Samin and Yegorenkova, 2014). General distribution: Bosnia Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Sympiesis xanthostoma Nees, 1834 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2015). General distribution: Armenia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Montenegro, Nether­ lands, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Transcaucasus, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Phyllonorycter medicaginella Gerasimov (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2015).

Chapter 8

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Sympiensis sp. Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan (Sadeghi et al., 2012). Host records in Iran: Phyllonorycter sp. (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) (Sadeghi et al., 2012). Genus Zagrammosoma Ashmead, 1904 Zagrammosoma talitzkii (Bouček, 1961) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011, as Cirrospilus talitzkii Bouček, 1961), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Yefremova et  al., 2007; Lotfalizadeh et  al., 2015), Fars (Amiri et  al., 2009; Hesami et  al., 2010b – in apple orchard; Modarres Awal, 2012), West Azarbaijan (Sadeghi et  al., 2012, as Cirrospilus talitzkii Bouček, 1961). General distribution: Bulgaria, Iran, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Russia, Serbia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Leucoptera malifoliella (Costa) (Lepidoptera: Lyonetidae) (Yefremova et  al., 2007, under Leucoptera scitella (Zeller)), leafminers of Diptera and Lepidoptera (Hesami et al., 2010b), Phyllonorycter corylifoliella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) (Amiri et al., 2009; Modarres Awal, 2012), Phyllonorycter populifoliella (Treitschke) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) (Sadeghi et al., 2012), Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess), Phytomyza horticola Goureau (as Chromatomyia horticola (Goureau)) (Diptera: Agromyziidae) on alfalfa (Medicago sativa – Fabaceae) (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2015). Zagrammosoma variegatum (Masi, 1907) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, as Cirrospilus variegatus (Masi, 1907); Hesami et al. (2018), Talebi et al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Hesami et  al., 2006b, 2010b; Lotfalizadeh and Delvare, 2011; Mahmoudi et  al., 2011; Modarres Awal, 2012, all as Cirrospilus variegatus (Masi, 1907)), Tehran (Hesami et  al., 2006b; Modarres Awal, 2012, both as C. variegatus). General distribution: Armenia, Australia, Azerbaijan, Barbados, Bulgaria, Cameroon, China, Croatia, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Hungary, India, Iran, Italy, Kenya, Libya, Moldova, Morocco, New Zealand, Pakistan, Peru, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden,Switzerland,Tanzania,Turkey,Turkmenistan,

Family Eulophidae Westwood, 1829

United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Yemen, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Liriomyza sativae (Blanchard) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) (Modarres Awal, 2012), Liriomyza sativae on cucumber (Cucumis sativus – Cucurbitaceae) and Tanacetum sp. (Asteraceae) (Hesami et al., 2006b; Lotfalizadeh and Delvare, 2011), Liriomyza sativae on Phaseolus vulgaris (Fabaceae) (Mahmoudi et al., 2011), Calycomyza humeralis (von Roser) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on Aster sp. (Asteraceae) (Hesami et al., 2010b). Subfamily Tetrastichinae Förster, 1856 Genus Anaprostocetus Graham, 1987 Anaprostocetus acuminatus (Ratzeburg, 1848) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Ghahari, 2019). General distribution: Austria, Canada, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom. Genus Apotetrastichus Graham, 1987 Apotetrastichus postmarginalis (Bouček, 1971) Catalogues with Iranian records: None (newly recorded from Iran). Distribution in Iran: Khuzestan province, Izeh, 2♀, 2♂, ex Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton, 1856 (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) on Citrus sinensis (Rutaceae), April 2009. General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Montenegro, Spain, Sweden, former Yugoslavia. Apotetrastichus sp. Distribution in Iran: Sistan & Baluchestan (Shahreki et al., 2012, 2016). Host records in Iran: Phytoliriomyza dorsata (Siebke) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on Gaillardia grandiflora (Asteraceae) (Shahreki et al., 2012, 2016). Comments: There are three world species of Apotetrastichus, of which only A. postmarginalis is a parasitoid of Diptera (Agromyzidae), Hemiptera (Aphididae) and Lepidoptera (Gracillariidae and Nepticulidae) (Noyes, 2019). We newly record A. postmarginalis from Iran based on observed specimens and we therefore suspect this record of Apotetrastichus sp. likely also refers to A. postmarginalis.

187

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Genus Aprostocetus Westwood, 1833 Aprostocetus agrus (Walker, 1839) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Ghahari, 2019). General distribution: Czech Republic, France, Greece, Hungary, Ireland (north and south), Netherlands, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom. Aprostocetus arenarius (Erdős, 1954) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Moeinadini et  al., 2014). General distribution: Former Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Slovakia, Sweden, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Diplolepis fructuum (Rübsaamen) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Rosa beggeriana (Rosaceae) (Moeinadini et  al., 2014). Aprostocetus arrabonicus (Erdős, 1954) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfazlizadeh and Hosseini, 2014). General distribution: Czech Republic, Hungary, Netherlands, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Hyperparasitoid of Etiella zinckenella (Treitschke) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on seeds of Sophora alopecuroides (Fabaceae) (Lotfazlizadeh and Hosseini, 2014). Aprostocetus artemisicola Graham, 1987 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Hesami et  al., 2008c, 2010a; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Germany, Iran, Italy, Russia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) on Artemisia sp. (Asteraceae) (Hesami et al., 2010a). Aprostocetus aurantiacus (Ratzeburg, 1852) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et  al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh et  al., 2006, 2012), Tehran (Lotfalizadeh et  al., 2006), West Azarbaijan (Mohammadi et al., 2011).

188

General distribution: Austria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Diplolepis fructuum (Rübsaamen) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Rosa canina (Rosaceae) (Lotfalizadeh et  al., 2006, 2012; Mohammadi et al., 2011). Aprostocetus beyazus Doğanlar, 1992 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Doğanlar, 1992). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Aprostocetus bucculentus Kostjukov, 1978 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et  al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari (Yefremova et  al., 2007; Lotfalizadeh et  al., 2008), Qazvin, Yazd (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2008). General distribution: Armenia, Iran, Israel, Turkey. Host records in Iran: Eurytoma amygdali Enderlein (Eurytomidae) (Yefremova et  al., 2007; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2008). Aprostocetus catius (Walker, 1839) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Razavi Khorasan (Khandehroo et al., 2016). General distribution: Czech Republic, Ireland (north and south), Russia, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Larva of Diptera on ash tree (Khandehroo et al., 2016). Aprostocetus caudatus Westwood, 1833 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Ghahari and Sakenin, 2018). General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, China, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland (north and south), Italy, Netherlands, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Aprostocetus cecidomyiarum (Bouché, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Moeinadini et  al., 2014).

Chapter 8

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

General distribution: Former Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden. Host records in Iran: Galls on Ephedra major (Ephedraceae) (Moeinadini et al., 2014). Aprostocetus ceroplastae (Girault, 1916) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011). Distribution in Iran: Tehran (Talebi et  al., 2008), West Azarbaijan (Ghahari and Yefremova, 2013). General distribution: Australia, China, Egypt, France, Greece, Israel, Italy, Lebanon, Libya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Morocco, South Africa, Turkey, Uganda, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Planococcus vovae (Nasonov) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Talebi et  al., 2008). Aprostocetus cerricola (Erdős, 1954) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Lorestan (Azizkhani et  al., 2008). General distribution: Austria, Belgium, former Czechoslovakia, France, Greece, Hungary, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Dryocosmus israeli (Sternlicht), Neuroterus saliens (Kollar) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) (Azizkhani et al., 2008). Aprostocetus crino (Walker, 1838) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Samin et al., 2019). General distribution: Andorra, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America, former Yugoslavia. Aprostocetus deobensis Graham, 1987 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Bayegan et al., 2015; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2016 – in rice field). General distribution: France, Russia, Sweden. Aprostocetus diplosidis Crawford, 1907 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Moeinadini et  al., 2014).

Family Eulophidae Westwood, 1829

General distribution: Antilles, Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Colombia, France, India, Italy, Mexico, Nigeria, Panama, Puerto Rico, Senegal, Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela. Host records in Iran: Galls of Diplolepis fructuum (Rübsaamen) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Rosa beggeriana (Rosaceae) (Moeinadini et  al., 2014). Aprostocetus domenichinii (Erdős, 1969) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Northern Iran (Tavakoli et al., 2010). General distribution: Former Czechoslovakia, France, Hungary, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden. Host records in Iran: Oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Quercus spp. (Fagaceae) (Tavakoli et al., 2010). Aprostocetus elongatus (Förster, 1841) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Lorestan (Abd-Rabou et  al., 2019). General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Montenegro, Nether­ lands, Poland, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom. Aprostocetus epicharmus (Walker, 1839) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Moeinadini et  al., 2014). General distribution: China, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland (north and south), Italy, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Galls of Diplolepis fructuum (Rübsaamen) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Rosa beggeriana (Rosaceae) (Moeinadini et  al., 2014). Aprostocetus eurytomae (Nees, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et  al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2006, 2012), Kerman (Lotfalizadeh et al.,

189

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

2012), West Azarbaijan (Mohammadi et  al., 2011). General distribution: Armenia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Iran, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Diplolepis fructuum (Rübsaamen) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) (Lotfalizadeh et  al., 2006, 2012; Mohammadi et al., 2011). Aprostocetus fabicola (Rondani, 1877) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Moeinadini et  al., 2014). General distribution: France, Hungary, Italy, Russia, Sweden, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Diplolepis fructuum (Rübsaamen) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Rosa beggeriana (Rosaceae) (Moeinadini et al., 2014). Aprostocetus fonscolombei Graham, 1987 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Moeinadini et al., 2014). General distribution: Czech Republic, France, Russia, Spain, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Galls of Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) on Ephedra major (Ephedraceae) (Moeinadini et al., 2014). Aprostocetus forsteri (Walker, 1847) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Samin and Yegorenkova, 2014), Fars (Hesami et  al., 2008c, 2010a; Modarres Awal, 2012), Golestan (Ghahari and Yefremova, 2013), Tehran (Yefremova et  al., 2007). General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, France, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Cephus pygmaeus L. (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) (Yefremova et al., 2007). Aprostocetus gala Walker, 1847 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Shafiee et al., 2014, 2015). General distribution: Antilles, Dominica, Guadeloupe, India, Jamaica, Montserrat, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, United States of America.

190

Host records in Iran: Galls on Rosa beggeriana (Rosaceae) (Shafiee et al., 2015). Aprostocetus hagenowii (Ratzeburg, 1852) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Ghahari, 2012, as Aprostocetus sp.). General distribution: Antilles, Argentina, Australia, Barbados, Bermuda, Brazil, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Fiji, Germany, Hawaii, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, Madagascar, Madeira, Malaysia, Nicaragua, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America, Venezuela, Virgin Islands, former Yugoslavia. Comments: The specimens cited as Aprostocetus sp. by Ghahari (2012) were identified as A. hagenowii by the late John LaSalle (Australia, 1951–2018). Aprostocetus lachares (Walker, 1839) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et  al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari, Isfahan (Yefremova et  al., 2007), Fars (Hesami et  al., 2008c, 2010a; Modarres Awal, 2012), Kerman (Moeinadini et al., 2014), Mazandaran (Domenichini, 1966; Graham, 1987; Hesami et  al., 2006a), West Azarbaijan (Ghahari and Yefremova, 2013). General distribution: France, Greece, Iran, Sweden, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Galls of Diplolepis fructuum (Rübsaamen) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Rosa beggeriana (Rosaceae) (Moeinadini et  al., 2014). Aprostocetus lycidas (Walker, 1839) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Moeinadini et  al., 2014). General distribution: Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Diplolepis fructuum (Rübsaamen) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Rosa beggeriana (Rosaceae) and galls of Artemisia sieberi (Asteraceae) (Moeinadini et al., 2014).

Chapter 8

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Aprostocetus malcis Narendan, 2007 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Shafiee et al., 2014, 2015, swept on Medicago sativa – Fabaceae). General distribution: India.

Distribution in Iran: Hormozgan (Yefremova et al., 2007). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Host records in Iran: Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (Diptera: Tephritidae) on mango (Anacardiaceae) (Yefremova et al., 2007).

Aprostocetus minimus (Ratzeburg, 1848) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Moeinadini et al., 2014). General distribution: China, Germany, Netherlands, Russia, Sweden. Host records in Iran: Galls of Rabdophaga sp. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on Salix pycnostachya (Salicaceae) (Moeinadini et al., 2014).

Aprostocetus pygmaeus (Zetterstedt, 1838) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan (Samin and Yegorenkova, 2014). General distribution: Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom.

Aprostocetus mycerinus Walker, 1839 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Bayegan et al., 2015; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2016 – in rice field). General distribution: China, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland (north and south), Italy, Slovakia, Sweden, United Kingdom.

Aprostocetus rhipheus Walker, 1839 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Moeinadini et  al., 2014). General distribution: Czech Republic, Hungary, Netherlands, Russia, Sweden, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Galls on Ephedra major (Ephedraceae) (Moeinadini et al., 2014).

Aprostocetus neglectus Domenichini, 1957 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Iran (no specific locality) (Domenichini, 1966; Graham, 1987). General distribution: Austria, China, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Moldova, Morocco, Pakistan, Russia, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom, former USSR. Aprostocetus pausiris (Walker, 1839) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Ghahari and Yefremova, 2013). General distribution: Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland (north and south), Madeira, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Aprostocetus persicus Yefremova and Yegorenkova, 2007 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011), Noyes (2019).

Family Eulophidae Westwood, 1829

Aprostocetus taxi Graham, 1987 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018). Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan (Razmi et al., 2011). General distribution: Hungary, Russia, Sweden, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Pieris brassicae (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) on Brassica oleracea (Brassicaceae) (Razmi et al., 2011). Aprostocetus toddaliae (Risbec, 1958) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Fallahzadeh et al., 2006, 2008, 2010; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Israel, Madagascar, Turkey. Host records in Iran: Ceroplastes rusci (L.) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Ficus carica (Moraceae) (Fallahzadeh et  al., 2006, 2010; Modarres Awal, 2012). Aprostocetus trjapitzini (Kostjukov, 1976) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011).

191

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Distribution in Iran: Fars (Fallahzadeh et al., 2008, 2011; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Germany, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Sweden, Tajikistan, Turkey, United Kingdom, Uzbekistan. Host records in Iran: Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in vineyards (Fallahzadeh et al., 2008, 2011); hyperparasitoid of insects (Modarres Awal, 2012). Aprostocetus venustus (Gahan, 1914) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et  al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Sistan & Baluchestan (Yefremova et al., 2007). General distribution: Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, United States of America, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Contarinia tritici Kirby (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on mango (Anacardiaceae) (Yefremova et al., 2007). Aprostocetus zoilus Walker, 1839 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Moeinadini et  al., 2014). General distribution: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Ireland (north and south), Russia, Sweden, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Galls on Ephedra major (Ephedraceae) (Moeinadini et al., 2014). Aprostocetus zosimus (Walker, 1839) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et  al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Ghahari, 2012), Fars (Graham, 1991; Hesami et  al., 2006a, 2010a,c), Golestan (Ghahari, 2015), Mazandaran (Ghahari and Yefremova, 2013), Tehran (Hesami et al., 2010c). General distribution: Azores, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Ireland (north and south), Italy, Moldova, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR.

192

Host records in Iran: Diplolepis rosae (L.) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Rosa canina (Rosaceae) (Graham, 1991; Hesami et  al., 2006a, 2010a,c), Orthopelma mediator (Thunberg) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) (Hesami et al., 2006a). Aprostocetus spp. Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2014), Fars, Mazandaran (Hesami et  al., 2006a), Sistan & Baluchestan (Shahreki et  al., 2012, 2016), northern Iran (Tavakoli et al., 2010). Host records in Iran: Pods of Astragalus meridionalis (Fabaceae) (Hesami et  al., 2006a), oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Quercus spp. (Fagaceae) (Tavakoli et al., 2010), Liriomyza congesta (Becker) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on Trigonella sp. and Medicago sativae (Fabaceae) (Shahreki et  al., 2012, 2016), Chaetorellia carthami Stackelberg (Diptera: Tephritidae) (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2014). Genus Baryscapus Förster, 1856 Baryscapus adalia (Walker, 1839) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Bushehr (Sakenin et al., 2019). General distribution: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Russia, Serbia, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Baryscapus anasillus Graham, 1991 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011). Distribution in Iran: Ilam, Kermanshah, Kordestan (Nazemi-Rafie et al., 2007). General distribution: France, Germany, Hungary. Host records in Iran: Andricus lucidus (Hartig) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Quercus infectoria (Fagaceae), Andricus megalucidus Melika, Stone, Sadeghi and Pujade-Villar on Quercus infectoria, Nuroterus lanuginosus Giraud (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Quercus brantii, Nuroterus numismalis (Fourcroy) on Quercus infectoria, Nuroterus saliens (Kollar) on Quercus brantii (Nazemi-Rafie et al., 2007). Baryscapus berhidanus Erdős, 1954 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Northern Iran (Tavakoli et al., 2010).

Chapter 8

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

General distribution: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Hungary, Italy, Jordan, Spain, Turkey. Host records in Iran: Oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Quercus spp. (Fagaceae) (Tavakoli et al., 2010). Baryscapus bruchivorus (Gahan 1942) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Razavi Khorasan (Hesami et al., 2018, on pasture plants). General distribution: France, Italy, Spain, Turkey, United States of America. Baryscapus bruchophagi (Gahan, 1913) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Ghahari and Tabari, 2019), Zanjan (Marouf and Ebrahimi, 2018). General distribution: Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Germany, Hungary, India, Kirgizia, Mexico, New Zealand, Russia, Sweden, Turkey, United States of America, Uruguay, former USSR, Uzbekistan. Host records in Iran: Bruchophagus roddi Gussakovskii (Eurytomidae) (Marouf and Ebrahimi, 2018). Baryscapus conwentziae Ferrière, 1959 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Sistan & Baluchestan (Yefremova et  al., 2007; Ebrahimi et  al., 2009; Fassihi and Malekzadeh, 2015). General distribution: Austria, Georgia, Germany, Iran, Italy, Netherlands, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) (Yefremova et  al., 2007; Ebrahimi et al., 2009). Baryscapus daira (Walker, 1839) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Abd-Rabou et al., 2019). General distribution: Argentina, Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Netherlands, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR. Baryscapus diaphantus (Walker, 1839) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Lorestan (Azizkhani et al., 2008).

Family Eulophidae Westwood, 1829

General distribution: Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Madeira, Netherlands, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Neuroterus saliens (Kollar) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) (Azizkhani et  al., 2008). Baryscapus endemus (Walker, 1839) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et  al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Ghahari, 2015), Kerman (Hesami et  al., 2018, on pasture plants), Sistan & Baluchestan (Yefremova et  al., 2007; Ebrahimi et  al., 2009; Fassihi and Malekzadeh, 2015). General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, former Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Ireland (north and south), Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) (Yefremova et  al., 2007; Ebrahimi et al., 2009). Baryscapus erynniae (Domenichini, 1965) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et  al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Hesami et  al., 2008c, 2010a; Modarres Awal, 2012), Isfahan (Khalili Mahani et  al., 2003; Modarres Awal, 2012), Golestan, Kordestan (Ghahari and Yefremova, 2013), Razavi Khorasan (Hesami et al., 2018, in vineyard). General distribution: Bulgaria, France, Iran, Italy, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Erynniopsis antennata (Rondani) (Diptera: Tachinidae) on Galerucella luteola (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) (Khalili Mahani et  al., 2003; Modarres Awal, 2012), Galerucella luteola parasitized by a Tachinidae fly (Diptera) (Hesami et al., 2010a). Baryscapus evonymellae (Bouché, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et  al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Shojai, 1968, 1998; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012, both as Tetrastichus

193

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

evonymellae (Bouche, 1834)), Fars (Graham, 1991; Hesami et  al., 2006a; Yefremova et  al., 2007), Mazandaran (Yefremova et  al., 2007), West Azarbaijan (Ghahari, 2015). General distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bosnia Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Kirgizia, Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Yponomeuta sp. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) (Shojai, 1968), Yponomeuta malinellus (Zeller) (Hesami et  al., 2006a; Yefremova et  al., 2007), Yponomeuta padella (L.) (Hesami et al., 2006a), Yponomeuta rorrella (Hübner) (Hesami et  al., 2006a; Yefremova et al., 2007). Plant associations in Iran: Apple (Malus sp. – Rosaceae), Crataegus azarolus (Rosaceae), Salix sp. (Salicaceae) (Hesami et  al., 2006a), galls on Astragalus meridionalis (Fabaceae) (Yefremova et al., 2007). Comments: Shojai (1998) and Modarres Awal (1997, 2012) erroneously stated that B. evonymellae is a parasitoid of Pseudococcus sp. (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), but it is a parasitoid of some families of Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera (Noyes, 2019). Baryscapus galactopus (Ratzeburg, 1844) Catalogues with Iranian records: None (newly recorded from Iran). Distribution in Iran: Zanjan province, Mah-Neshan (Anguran), 2♀, 2♂, ex Phytomyza orobanchia Kaltenbach, 1864 (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on Orobanche sp. (Orobanchaceae), July 2014. General distribution: Australia, Azores, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Italy, Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, New Zealand, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Baryscapus hylesini Graham, 1991 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et  al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Isfahan (Yefremova et  al., 2007), Kerman (Moeinadini et al., 2014).

194

General distribution: Iran, Italy, Russia, Sweden, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Galls on Ephedra major (Ephedraceae) (Moeinadini et al., 2014). Comments: Graham (1991) and Yefremova et  al. (2007) recorded Agrilus suvorovi populneus Schaefer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) and Hylesinus fraxini Panzer (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) as hosts of B. hylesini, but neither of these two host species have been reported so far from Iran. Baryscapus impeditus (Nees, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Dousti et  al., 2006, 2008; Modarres Awal, 2012; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2015). General distribution: Andorra, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, India, Italy, Moldova, Netherlands, Pakistan, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden, Turkey. Host records in Iran: Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) (Dousti et  al., 2006, 2008; Modarres Awal, 2012; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2015). Baryscapus nigroviolaceus (Nees, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et  al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Samin and Yegorenkova, 2014), Razavi Khorasan (Shojai et  al., 2000, 2002, as Tetrastichus amethystinus (Ratzeburg, 1848); Yefremova et al., 2007; Hesami et  al., 2018, on Gramineae), Tehran (Esmaili, 1983; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012, as Entedon antispilae Rondani, 1877; Shojai, 1998, as T. amethystinus), West Azarbaijan (Shojai et  al., 2000, 2002, both as T. amethystinus). General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Moldova, Montenegro, Russia, Serbia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Leucoptera scitella (Zeller), Lyonetia clerkella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lyonetidae) (Esmaili, 1983; Shojai, 1998; Shojai et  al., 2000, 2002), Holocacista rivillei (Stainton) (Lepidoptera: Heliozelidae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Hypera postica Fabricius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (Yefremova et al., 2007).

Chapter 8

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Baryscapus oophagus (Otten, 1942) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2008c, 2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Hesami et  al., 2010a; Modarres Awal, 2012), Semnan (Naderian et al., 2012 – in corn field), Sistan & Baluchestan (Yefremova et  al., 2007; Ebrahimi et  al., 2009; Fassihi and Malekzadeh, 2015), West Azarbaijan (Ghahari and Yefremova, 2013). General distribution: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Iran, Poland, Russia, Sweden, Turkey. Host records in Iran: Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) (Yefremova et  al., 2007; Ebrahimi et al., 2009). Baryscapus pallidae Graham, 1991 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Iran (no specific locality) (Graham, 1991; Askew et al., 2006). General distribution: Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) (Askew et al., 2006; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2006). Baryscapus sugonjaevi (Kostjukov, 1976) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Fallahzadeh et al., 2008, 2011; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Armenia, Georgia, Germany, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Sweden, Tajikistan. Host records in Iran: Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in vineyards (Fallahzadeh et al., 2008, 2011), hyperparasitoid of insects (Modarres Awal, 2012). Baryscapus szocsi (Erdős, 1958) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Hesami et al., 2018, on Mentha longifolia – Lamiaceae). General distribution: Former Czechoslovakia, France, Hungary, Italy, Sweden, United Kingdom. Baryscapus turionum (Hartig, 1838) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2018).

Family Eulophidae Westwood, 1829

Distribution in Iran: Razavi Khorasan (Hesami et al., 2018, on Tamarix sp. – Tamaricaceae). General distribution: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America, former Yugoslavia. Baryscapus spp. Distribution in Iran: Fars (Dousti et  al., 2006; Amiri et  al., 2009), Khuzestan (Mossadegh and Kocheili, 2003; Fassihi and Malekzadeh, 2015), Tehran (Hesami et al., 2006a). Host records in Iran: Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) (Dousti et  al., 2006), Cynipidae gall (Hymenoptera) on dog rose (Rosaceae) (Hesami et al., 2006a), Phyllonorycter corylifoliella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) (Amiri et al., 2009). Genus Chouioia Yang, 1989 Chouioia cunea Yang, 1989 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et  al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Rezaei et  al., 2003; Modarres Awal, 2012; Fardmasoud et al., 2017). General distribution: China, Iran, Italy, Japan, Korea (Noyes, 2019), Turkey (M. Doğanlar, unpublished data). Host records in Iran: Hyphantria cunea (Drury) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) (Rezaei et  al., 2003; Modarres Awal, 2012; Fardmasoud et al., 2017). Genus Citrostichus Bouček, 1988 Citrostichus phyllocnistoides (Narayanan, 1960) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et  al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Kerman, Sistan & Baluchestan (Yefremova et  al., 2007; Ebrahimi et  al., 2009; Fassihi and Malekzadeh, 2015). General distribution: Afghanistan, Argentina, Australia, China, Greece, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, Spain, Taiwan, Thailand. Host records in Iran: Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) (Yefremova et  al., 2007; Ebrahimi et al., 2009).

195

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Genus Crataepus Förster, 1878 Crataepus marbis (Walker, 1839) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan, West Azarbaijan (Pourhaji et al., 2016, 2017). General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, former Uzbekistan. Host records in Iran: Acanthiophilus helianthi Rossi, Terellia nigripalpis Hendel, Terellia serratulla (L.), Urophora affinis (Frauenfeld) (Diptera: Tephritidae) (Pourhaji et al., 2016, 2017). Plant associations in Iran: Centaurea virgata, Cirsium echinus, Cirsium haussknechtii, Cirsium odoncum (Asteraceae) (Pourhaji et  al., 2016, 2017). Genus Leptocybe Fisher and LaSalle, 2004 Leptocybe invasa Fisher and LaSalle, 2004 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et  al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Hesami et  al., 2005, 2010a; Modarres Awal, 2012), Mazandaran (Jafari et  al., 2012), Iran (no specific locality) (Thu et al., 2009). General distribution: Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Chile, China, Ethiopia, France, Greece, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Lebanon, Malta, Mexico, Morocco, Mozambique, New Zealand, Paraguay, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, Syria, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, United States of America, Uruguay, Vietnam, Zimbabwe. Host records in Iran: Galls on Eucalyptus sp. (Myrtaceae) (Hesami et  al., 2005; Jafari et  al., 2012; Modarres Awal, 2012), galls on leaves and petioles on Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Hesami et al., 2010a). Genus Melittobia Westwood, 1848 Melittobia acasta (Walker, 1839) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Samin and Yegorenkova, 2014), Iran (no specific locality) (Thompson, 1955).

196

General distribution: Argentina, Austria, Azores, Bulgaria, Canada, Caucasus, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Guam, Hungary, India, Iran, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Madeira, Moldova, Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Russia, Serbia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, Venezuela, former Yugoslavia. Genus Minotetrastichus Kostjukov, 1977 Minotetrastichus frontalis (Nees, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Amiri et  al., 2009; Modarres Awal, 2012), Guilan (Ghahari, 2015). General distribution: Austria, Bosnia Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland (north and south), Italy, Macedonia, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Phyllonorycter corylifoliella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) (Amiri et al., 2009; Modarres Awal, 2012). Minotetrastichus platanellus (Mercet, 1922) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et  al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Iran (no specific locality) (Haeselbarth, 1983). General distribution: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Netherlands, Serbia, Slovakia, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Genus Neotrichoporoides Girault, 1913 Neotrichoporoides szelenyii (Erdős, 1951) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Hesami et  al., 2008c, 2010a; Modarres Awal, 2012), Sistan & Baluchestan (Shahreki et al., 2012, 2016). General distribution: Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, former Czechoslovakia, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Italy,

Chapter 8

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Moldova, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, United Arab Emirates. Host records in Iran: Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on Cucumis sativus (Cucurbitaceae) (Shahreki et al., 2012, 2016). Neotrichoporoides viridimaculatus Fullaway, 1955 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan (Samin and Yegorenkova, 2014). General distribution: Argentina, Bermuda, Bulgaria, Caribbean (including West Indies), China, Colombia, Cuba, former Czechoslovakia, France, Hawaii, Hungary, India, Italy, Madeira, Portugal, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Turkey, United States of America, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Genus Oomyzus Rondani, 1870 Oomyzus brevistigma (Gahan, 1936) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Azmayesh-Fard and Esmaili, 1981; Shojai, 1998; Shojai et al., 2001, all as Tetrastichus brevistigma Gahan, 1936), Fars (Dreistadt and Dahlsten, 1991; Hesami et  al., 2010a), Golestan (Samin et  al., 2014), Guilan (Shojai et  al., 2001, as T. brevistigma), Tehran (Omid et al., 1993; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai et al., 2001, all as T. brevistigma). General distribution: Greece, Iran, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Galerucella luteola (Müller) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) (Azmayesh-Fard and Esmaili, 1981; Dreistadt and Dahlsten, 1991; Omid et al., 1993; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998; Shojai et al., 2001; Hesami et al., 2010a; Samin et al., 2014). Oomyzus gallerucae (Fonscolombe, 1832) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et  al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Azmayesh-Fard and Esmaili, 1981, as Tetrastichus xanthomelaenae Rondai; Shojai, 1998; Shojai et  al., 2001, as Tetrastichus gallerucae (Fonscolombe, 1832)), Fars (Domenichini, 1966; Bouček, 1977; Dreistadt and Dahlsten, 1991; Hesami et  al., 2008c, 2010a; Modarres Awal, 2012), Golestan (Samin et al., 2014), Guilan (Shojai et al., 2001,

Family Eulophidae Westwood, 1829

as T. gallerucae), Kerman Zohdi and Talebi, 2011; (Modarres Awal, 2012), Markazi (Domenichini, 1966; Bouček, 1977), Tehran (Azmayesh-Fard and Esmaili, 1981; Omid et al., 1993; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998; Shojai et al., 2001, all as T. galerucae; Modarres Awal, 2012, as T. xanthomelaenae). General distribution: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Iran, Italy, Montenegro, Romania, Russia, Sweden, United States of America, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Galerucella luteola (Müller) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) (Azmayesh-Fard and Esmaili, 1981; Dreistadt and Dahlsten, 1991; Omid et al., 1993; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998; Shojai et al., 2001; Hesami et  al., 2010a; Zohdi and Talebi, 2011; Samin et al., 2014). Oomyzus incertus Ratzeburg, 1844 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Alioghli et al., 2012a,b), Hamadan (Zahiri et al., 2006), Khuzestan (Mossadegh and Kocheili, 2003, as Tetrastichus incertus (Ratzeburg, 1844)), Mazandaran (Ghahari, 2015), Tehran (Domenichini, 1966; Esmaili and Habibi, 1974; Monadjemi, 1975a,b; Habibi, 1977; Kamali et al., 1978; Kostjukov, 1978; Mirabzadeh, 1986; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012, as T. incertus), West Azarbaijan (Alizadeh et  al., 2000; Modarres Awal, 2012, as T. incertus). General distribution: Armenia, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Ireland (north and south), Italy, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) (as Hypera variabilis (Herbst)) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (Domenichini, 1966; Esmaili and Habibi, 1974; Monadjemi, 1975a,b; Habibi, 1977; Kamali et  al., 1978; Kostjukov, 1978; Mirabzadeh, 1986; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Alizadeh et  al., 2000; Mossadegh and Kocheili, 2003; Zahiri et al., 2006; Alioghli et al., 2012a,b). Oomyzus scaposus Thomson, 1878 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Razavi Khorasan (Hesami et al., 2018, in apple orchard).

197

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

General distribution: Afghanistan, Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Colombia, Czech Republic, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Hawaii, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Italy, Moldova, Netherlands, New Zealand, Pakistan, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, Uzbekistan. Oomyzus sempronius (Erdős, 1954) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Ghahari and Yefremova, 2013). General distribution: Croatia, Czech Republic, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, former USSR, Yemen. Oomyzus sokolowskii (Kurdjumov, 1912) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011). Distribution in Iran: Ardabil (Bozorg-Amirkalaee et  al., 2010), Isfahan (Afiunizadeh and Karimzadeh, 2010; Afiunizadeh et  al., 2010; Ghahari, 2015), Tehran (Golizadeh et al., 2008; Hassanshahi et  al., 2012a,b; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Antigua, Antilles, Argentina, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bermuda, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Fiji, France, Guam, Hungary, India, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Malaysia, Mexico, Montserrat, Pakistan, Romania, Russia, South Africa, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Switzerland, Taiwan, Trinidad and Tobago, Ukraine, United States of America, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) (Golizadeh et  al., 2008; Bozorg-Amirkalaee et  al., 2010; Afiunizadeh and Karimzadeh, 2010; Afiunizadeh et  al., 2010; Hassanshahi et  al., 2012a,b; Modarres Awal, 2012). Genus Pronotalia Gradwell, 1957 Pronotalia carlinarum Szelenyi and Erdős, 1951 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018). Distribution in Iran: Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari, Ilam (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2014), East

198

Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2014; Lotfalizadeh et  al., 2015), Kuhgiloyeh & Boyerahmad (Khatima and Reza, 2015; Saeidi, 2015), Iran (no specific locality) (Lotfalizadeh and Kazemi, 2010). General distribution: Armenia, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Moldova, Netherlands, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in safflower fields (Lotfalizadeh and Kazemi, 2010), Chaetorellia carthami Stackelberg (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Carthamus oxycantus, Carthamus lanatus and Carthamus tinctorius (Asteraceae) (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2014), Acanthiophilus helianthi (Rossi) on Carthamus tinctorius (Asteraceae) (Diptera: Tephritidae) (Khatima and Reza, 2015; Saeidi, 2015). Pronotalia orobanchiae Graham, 1991 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et  al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Tehran (Graham, 1991; Modarres Awal, 2012), West Azarbaijan (Yefremova et  al., 2007). General distribution: Bulgaria, Iran, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia (Noyes, 2019); Turkey (M. Doğanlar, unpublished data). Host records in Iran: Phytomyza orobanchiae Kaltenbach (Diptera: Agromyzidae) (Yefremova et al., 2007; Modarres Awal, 2012). Genus Quadrastichus Girault, 1913 Quadrastichus perissiae (Janata, 1912) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Razavi Khorasan (Hesami et al., 2018, on Graminae). General distribution: France, Netherlands, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former USSR. Quadrastichus sajoi (Szelényi, 1941) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Razavi Khorasan (Hesami et al., 2018, on Graminae). General distribution: China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovakia, Syria, United Kingdom, former USSR.

Chapter 8

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Genus Sigmophora Rondani, 1867 Sigmophora brevicornis (Panzer, 1804) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Hesami et  al., 2008c, 2010a,c; Modarres Awal, 2012), Kerman (Moeinadini et  al., 2014), Kuhgiloyeh & Boyerahmad (Ghahari, 2015), Qazvin (Zarnegar et al., 2012), Semnan (Naderian et al., 2012 – in corn field), Tehran (Hesami et al., 2006a, 2010c). General distribution: Andorra, Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Iran, Ireland (north and south), Israel, Italy, Korea, Lebanon, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former USSR, Vietnam, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Cynipidae gall (Hymenoptera) on Rosa canina (Rosaceae), Pteromalus bedeguaris (Thomson) (Pteromalidae), Eupelmus urozonus Dalman (Eupelmidae) and Eurytoma rosae Nees (Eurytomidae) (Hesami et  al., 2006a), Diplolepis rosae (L.) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Rosa canina (Hesami et al., 2010a,c), Diplolepis fructuum (Rübsaamen) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Rosa beggeriana (Moeinadini et  al., 2014), galls of Trisetacus sp. (Acari: Eriophyidae) on Juniperus excelsa (Cupressaceae) (Zarnegar et al., 2012). Sigmophora flammus Yefremova and Yegorenkova, 2009 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Shafiee et al., 2014, 2015, swept on Medicago sativa – Fabaceae). General distribution: Yemen. Genus Stepanovia Kostjukov, 2004 Stepanovia aurantiaca (Ratzeburg, 1852) Catalogues with Iranian records: Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Iran (no specific locality) (Noyes, 2019). General distribution: Austria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom.

Family Eulophidae Westwood, 1829

Stepanovia eurytomae Nees, 1834 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Moeinadini et  al., 2014), West Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh et  al., 2006). General distribution: Armenia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Iran, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Diplolepis fructuum (Rübsaamen) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Rosa beggeriana (Rosaceae) and galls on Ephedra major (Ephedraceae) (Moeinadini et al., 2014). Genus Tamarixia Mercet, 1924 Tamarixia monesus (Walker, 1839) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Razavi Khorasan (Hesami et al., 2018, on Graminae). General distribution: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland (north and south), Italy, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, United Kingdom, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Comments: Presence of T. monesus in Iran is strongly doubtful and its identification needs to be confirmed. This species is very rare and identification is done only from males, whereas Hesami et al. (2018) collected only two females (Z. Yefremova). Tamarixia radiata (Waterston, 1922) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011). Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005), Hormozgan (Hasanpour et  al., 2009), Sistan & Baluchestan (Saeedi-Far et  al., 2010). General distribution: Argentina, Brazil, China, Colombia, Guadeloupe, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Réunion, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Swaziland, Taiwan, Thailand, United States of America, Vietnam, Zimbabwe. Host records in Iran: Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) (Hasanpour et  al., 2009; Saeedi-Far et al., 2010).

199

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Comments: Records of Pseudococcus filamentosus (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) as the host of T. radiata and Encarsia sophia as a hyperparasitoid of T. radiata by Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2005) are doubtful and need confirmation. Tamarixia upis (Walker, 1839) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et  al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Sistan & Baluchestan (Yefremova et  al., 2007; Ebrahimi et  al., 2009; Fassihi and Malekzadeh, 2015). General distribution: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Iran, Israel, Italy, Madeira, Moldova, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) (Yefremova et  al., 2007; Ebrahimi et al., 2009). Genus Tetrastichus Haliday, 1844 Tetrastichus epilachnae (Giard, 1896) Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et  al. (2011), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Caspian sea area, Tehran (Kiryukhin, 1948; Farahbakhsh, 1961; Herting, 1973; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012). General distribution: Bulgaria, Croatia, France, Hungary, India, Iran, Italy, Macedonia, Morocco, Netherlands, Pakistan, Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Chilocorus sp., Exochomus sp. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012). Tetrastichus kokujewiae Yegorenkova and Yefremova, 2012 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan (Yegorenkova et al., 2012). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Host records in Iran: Kokujewia ectrapela Konow (Hymenoptera: Argidae) (Yegorenkova et  al., 2012). Tetrastichus spp. Distribution in Iran: Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari (Haghighian and Sadeghi, 2010), Fars (Fallahzadeh et  al., 2000), Golestan (Ahmadi et  al., 2007),

200

Isfahan (Roshani and Abbasipour, 2017), Kerman (Fassihi and Malekzadeh, 2015), Khuzestan (Mossadegh and Kocheili, 2003; Moravvej et al., 2016), Tehran (Rakhshani et al., 2005). Host records in Iran: Euphyllura olivina (Costa) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) (Fallahzadeh et al., 2000), hyperparasitoid of Pauesia antennata (Mukerji) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Prunus spp. (Rosaceae) (Rakhshani et al., 2005), Galerucella lineola Fabricius (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on Alnus subcordata (Betulaceae) (Ahmadi et al., 2007), Bruchophagus astragali Fedoseeva (Eurytomidae) (Haghighian and Sadeghi, 2010), Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt and Lauterer (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) (Roshani and Abbasipour, 2017). Species excluded from the fauna of Iran Genus Aprostocetus Westwood, 1833 Aprostocetus lutescens Askew, 1997 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018). Reported distribution in Iran: Fars (Alemansour et al., 2010). General distribution: Spain. Host records reported in Iran: Eurytoma sp. (Eurytomidae) in seeds of Ephedra procera (Ephedraceae) (Alemansour et al., 2010). Comments: Aprostocetus lutescens is endemic to Spain and its presence in Iran is doubtful. Additionally, it is parasitoid only of Pteromalidae (Noyes, 2019) and not a parasitoid of Eurytoma sp. as recorded by Alemansour et al. (2010). Genus Euderomphale Girault, 1916 Euderomphale bemisiae Viggiani, 1977 Catalogues with Iranian records: Hesami et  al. (2010b, 2018), Talebi et al. (2011). Reported distribution in Iran: Guilan (Ghahari, 2015), Mazandaran (Ghahari et al., 2006). General distribution: Italy. Host records reported in Iran: Bemisia giffardi (Kotinsky) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Citrus decumane (Rutaceae) (Ghahari et al., 2006). Comments: Re-examination of the specimens of Ghahari et al. (2006) and Ghahari (2015) proved they were misidentifications of E. chelidonii. We therefore exclude E. bemisiae from the fauna of Iran and transfer its data to E. chelidonii.

Chapter 8

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Genus Tetrastichus Haliday, 1844 Tetrastichus evorymellae [unavailable name in current taxon – Noyes, 2019] Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Reported distribution in Iran: Tehran (Modarres Awal, 1997, as Tetrastichus evonumelloe Bouche). Host records reported in Iran: Parasitoid of Pseudococcus sp. (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Modarres Awal, 1997).

References Abd-Rabou, S. and Ghahari, H. (2005) A list of hyperparasitoids of whiteflies and coccids (Homoptera) in Iran, with special study on Iranian Ablerus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research 83, 311–317. Abd-Rabou, S., Samin, N., Sakenin Chelav, H., Amoughli Tabari, M., Trjapitzin, V.A. and Sureshan, P.M. (2019) New records of Encyrtidae, Eulophidae, Eurytomidae, Mymaridae, Pteromalidae and Torymidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Iran. Egyptian Journal of Plant Protection Research Institute 2, 648–652. Abolhassanzadeh, F., Madjdzadeh S.M. and Strakhova, I. (2013) The genus Elasmus Westwood, 1833 (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eulophidae) in Iran with five new records. Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics 9, 91–97. Afiunizadeh, M. and Karimzadeh, J. (2010) Larval and pupal parasitoids of Plutella xylostella in Isfahan province, Iran. Plant Protection Journal 2, 79–97 [in Persian, English summary]. Afiunizadeh, M., Karimzadeh, J., Broad, G., Shojai, M., Emami, M.S. et  al. (2010) Larval and pupal parasitoids of Plutella xylostella in Isfahan province. Proceedings of the 19th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 31 July – 3 August 2010, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, p. 115. Ahmadi, S.M., Sadeghi, S.E., Shaysteh, S.N., Safarali Zadeh, M.H. and Ebrahimi, E. (2007) Natural enemies associated with alder leaf beetle, Galerucella lineola (Col.: Chrysomelidae) and the parasitism rates of two parasitoid wasps in Golestan Province forests. Iranian Journal of Forest and Range Protection Research 4, 80–92 [in Persian, English summary]. Akbari Noushad, S.D. (1995) Biology of alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyll.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in East Azarbaijan. Proceedings of the 12th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 2–7 September 1995, Karaj Junior College of Agriculture, Karaj, p. 92. Alavi, J., LaSalle, J. and Ahmadi, M. (2002) Report of two citrus leafminer parasitoid wasps in Golestan province. Proceedings of the 15th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 7–11 September 2002, Razi University of Kermanshah, p. 100.

Family Eulophidae Westwood, 1829

Alemansour, H., Asadi, R. and Alehosein, S.A. (2010) Introduction of hymenopteran parasitoid of Eurytoma sp. (Hym.: Eurytomidae), a seed pest of medicinal plant Ephedra procera (Ephedraceae) in Fars province, Iran. Proceedings of the 19th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 31 July – 3 August 2010, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, p. 163. Alioghli, N., Mollazadeh Aghdam, M. and Ghane Jahromi, M. (2012a) Study on the efficiency and population dynamics of larval parasitoids of Hypera postica Gyll. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Sarab region. Proceedings of the 20th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 26–29 August 2012, University of Shiraz, p. 10. Alioghli, N., Mollazadeh Aghdam, M. and Ghane Jahromi, M. (2012b) Calculating the species diversity of natural enemies of alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica Gyll. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Sarab region. Proceedings of the 20th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 26–29 August 2012, University of Shiraz, p. 111. Alizadeh, I., Safaralizadeh, M.H. and Shayesteh, N. (2000) Biology of alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica Gyll.) and identification of its parasitoids and dominant species in Maku and Chaldoran regions. Proceedings of the 14th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 5–8 September 2000, Isfahan University of Technology, p. 27. Amini, S., Nozari, J., Rahati, R. and Etemad, V. (2016) Investigation on parasitoids of bark beetles with new host record (Taphrorychus lenkoranus Reitter, 1913 (Curculionidae: Scolytinae)) record from northern forests of Iran. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 51, 235–246. Amiri, A., Talebi, A.A., Navone, P. and Yefremova, Z. (2009) Parasitoid wasp complex of Phyllonorycter corylifoliella (Lep.: Gracillariidae) in the Fars province of Iran, and notes on their morphology and abundances. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 77, 1–14. Arbabtafti, R. and Ebrahimi, E. (2013) New record of Euplectrus bicolor (Hym.: Eulophidae) parasitoid of Spodoptera exigua (Lep.: Noctuidae). Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection 46, 1895–1896. Asadi, R., Talebi, A.A., Fathipour, Y., Moharramipour, S. and Rakhshani, E. (2006) Identification of parasitoids and seasonal parasitism of the agromyzid leafminers genus Liriomyza (Dip.: Agromyzidae) in Varamin, Iran. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 8, 293–303. Askew, R.R., Plantard, O, Gómez, J.F., Hernandez Nieves, M. and Nieves-Aldrey, J.L. (2006) Catalogue of parasitoids and inquilines in galls of Aylacini, Diplolepini and Pediaspidini (Hym., Cynipidae) in the West Palaearctic. Zootaxa 1301, 1–60. Azizkhani, E., Sadeghi, S.E., Rasulian, G., Omid, R., Moniri, V.R., Farashiani, M.E. and Salahi, A. (2008) Parasitoids associated with oak gall wasps in Lorestan province. Forest and Range Protection Research 5, 175–186.

201

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Azmayesh-Fard, P. and Esmaili, M. (1981) An investigation on the species of elm leaf beetle parasitoids and their application for population density reduction of their host in Karadj. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 6, 21–31. Baniameri, V. and Mohammadi-Pour, A. (2007) New records of three parasitoids wasps on Bucculatrix ulmella Zeller (Lep.: Bucculatricidae) from Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 75, 37. Bayegan, Z.A., Lotfalizadeh, H. and Zragaran, M.R. (2015) Occurrence of eulophid wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Eulophidae) in rice fields of eastern Gilan, Iran. Journal of Crop Protection 4, 199–205. Behdad, E. (1993) Pests of Field Crops in Iran. Plant Pests and Diseases Research Institute, Iran, 618 pp. [in Persian]. Biparva, Z., Ostovan, H., Haghani, M. and Hesami, S. (2011) Identification of parasitoids and seasonal parasitism of citrus leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella (Lep.: Gracillaridae) in Shiraz. Plant Protection Journal 3, 297–304. Biparva, Z., Haghani, and Ostovan, H. (2013) Population dynamic of Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lep., Gracillaridae) and identification of its parasitoids in citrus orchards of Shiraz. Plant Pests Research 2, 27–33 [in Persian, English summary]. Bouček, Z. (1977) A faunistic review of the Yugoslavian Chalcidoidea (Parasitic Hymenoptera). Acta Entomologica Jugoslavica 13, 1–116. Bouček, Z. (1988) Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A Biosystematic Revision of Genera of Fourteen Families, with a Reclassification of Species. CAB International, London, 832 pp. Bouček, Z. and Askew, R.R. (1968) Index of Palaearctic Eulophidae (excl. Tetrastichinae). Index of Entomophagous Insects 3, 1–254. Bozorg-Amirkalaee, M., Fathi, S.A.A., Nouri-Ganbalani, G. and Rafiee-Dastjerdi, H. (2010) Identification of the parasitoid species of the diamondback moth larvae and evaluation of the efficiency of dominant parasitoid species on nineteen canola cultivars in Ardabil region. Proceedings of the 19th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 31 July – 3 August 2010, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, p. 33. Brown, H. (1968) Psephenus (Coleoptera: Psephenidae) parasitized by a new chalcidoid (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). II. Biology of the parasite. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 61, 432–436. Burks, B.D. (1979) Family Eulophidae. In: Krombein, K.V., Hurd, P.D., Smith, D.R. and Burks, B.D. (eds) Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Vol. I. Symphyta and Apocrita (Pararitica). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, pp. 967–1022. Burks, R.A., Heraty, J.M., Gebiola, M. and Hansson, C. (2011) Combined molecular and morphological phylogeny of Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea),

202

with focus on the subfamily Entedoninae. Cladistics 27, 581–605. Caroll, C.R. (1978) Beetles, parasitoids and tropical morning glories: a study in host discrimination. Ecological Entomology 3, 79–83. Casser, T., Askew, R. and Mifsud, D. (2018) A new species of Baryscapus (Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea Eulophidae), a parasitoid of Henosepilachna elaterii (Coleoptera Coccinellidae), with notes on its biology. Bulletin of Insectology 71, 243–246. Changizi, S., Vafaei Shoushtari, R., Modares Najafabadi, S.S. and Zamany, A.A. (2014) Seasonal fluctuations of percent parasitism of the leaf miner Agromyza sp. (Dip., Agromyzidae) on chickpea. Journal of Entomological Research 6, 129–137. Darsouei, R., Karimi, J. and Moravej, G.H. (2018) Colpoclypeus florus (Walker, 1938) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) record a new genus from Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 38, 253–255. Davatchi, A. and Shojai, M. (1969) Les Hyménoptères entomophages de l'Iran (études faunistiques). Vol. 107. Faculty Agriculture, University Publishing, Tehran, 88 pp. [in Persian, English summary]. ̆ nlar, M. (1992) A new species of Aprostocetus Doga Westwood, 1833 from Iran (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae, Tetrastichinae). Entomofauna 13, 528–535. Domenichini, G. (1966) Index of Palaearctic Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). In: Delucchi, V. and Remaudiere, G. (eds) Index of Entomophagous Insects. Le François, Paris, 101 pp. Dousti, A.F. (2008) First record of Diglyphus poppoea (Hym.: Eulophidae) from Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 27, 25–26. Dousti, A.F., Kamali, K., Nouri Ganbalani, G. and Ostovan, H. (2006) Study of the parasitoids of Liriomyza trifolii (Dip.: Agromyzidae) in Shiraz. Proceedings of the 17th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 2–5 September 2006, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, p. 74. Dousti, A.F., Kamali, K., Nouri Ganbalani, G. and Ostovan, H. (2008) Report of four Hymenopteran species of Eulophidae, parasitoids of Liriomyza trifolii (Dip.: Agromyzidae) in Shiraz, Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 27, 9–10. Dreistadt, S.H. and Dahlsten, D.L. (1991) Distribution and abundance of Erynniopsis antennata (Dipt.: Tachinidae) and Tetrastichus brevistigma (Hym.: Eulophidae), two introduced elm leaf beetle parasitoids in northern California. Entomophaga 35, 527. Ebrahimi, E., Malekzadeh, M. and Yefremova, Z. (2009) Parasitoid wasps of Phyllocnistis citrella (Lep., Gracillariidae) in Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 76, 81–92. Eghtedar, E. (1989) Some biological researches on beet army worm in the Shiraz region, Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 56, 57–63.

Chapter 8

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Esmaili, M. (1983) The Important Pests of Fruit Trees. Sepehr Publication, Tehran, Iran, 578 pp. Esmaili, M. and Habibi, J. (1974) Biological investigation on Hypera postica in Iran. Proceedings of the 5th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, pp. 83–84. Fallahzadeh, M., Eghtedar, E. and Ebrahimi, E. (2000) Natural enemies of olive psylla, Euphyllura olivina Costa in Fars province. Proceedings of the 14th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 5–8 September 2000, Isfahan University of Technology, p. 277. Fallahzadeh, M., Naghibinezhed, M., Shojai, M. and Ostovan, H. (2006) The first report of two species of Eulophidae (Hymenoptera) from Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 73, 44. Fallahzadeh, M., Shojai, M., Ostovan, H. and Kamali, K. (2008) Natural enemies of Planococcus ficus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Fars province vineyards, Iran. Proceedings of the 18th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 24–27 August 2008, University of Bu-Ali Sina Hamedan, p. 79. Fallahzadeh, M., Gharaat, M.A. and Saghaei, N. (2010) The first record of genus and species Anicetus italicus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) a parasitoid of Ceroplates rusci in Iran. Proceedings of the 19th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 31 July – 3 August 2010, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, p. 121. Fallahzadeh, M., Japoshvili, G., Saghaei, N. and Daane, K.M. (2011) Natural enemies of Planococcus ficus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Fars province vineyards, Iran. Biocontrol Science and Technology 21, 427–433. Farahbakhsh, G. (1961) Family Eulophidae (Hymenoptera). In: Farahbakhsh, G. (ed.) A Checklist of Economically Important Insects and Other Enemies of Plants and Agricultural Products of Iran. Department of Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Tehran, p. 125. Fardmasoud, H., Sahragard, A. and Hosseini, R. (2017) Reproductive performance of Chouioia cunea Yang (Hym.: Eulophidae) parasitizing fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea Drury (Lep.: Arctiidae). Journal of the Entomological Research Society 37, 181–192. Farrokhi, S., Ebrahimi, E. and Noori, P. (2004) Study on population fluctuation of Liriomyza trifolii and its parasitoids on cucumber in Varamin region. Proceedings of the 16th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 August – 1 September 2004, University of Tabriz, p. 16. Fassihi, M.T. and Malekzadeh, M.R. (2015) Natural parasitism of citrus leaf miner, Phyllocnistis citrella (Lep.: Gracillariidae) in Bushehr province, Iran. Proceedings of the 1st International Congress of Entomology, p. 174. Fassihi, M.T., Farrokhi, S., Sarafrazi, A., Sohrabi, F., Heidari, A. and Salehi, M. (2017) Natural enemies of tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lep.: Gelechiidae) in Bushehr province. Proceedings of the 8th National Conference of Biological Control in Agriculture and Natural Resources, p. 35.

Family Eulophidae Westwood, 1829

Fathi, S.A.A. (2011) Tritrophic interactions of nineteen canola cultivars – Chromatomyia horticola – parasitoids in Ardabil region. Munis Entomology and Zoology 6, 449–454. Fursov, V. (1993) A review of European Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) parasitizing the eggs of aquatic insects. Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society 18, 2–12. Gadallah, N.S., Yefremova, Z.A., Yegorenkova, E.N., Soliman, A.M., Abu-El-Ghiet, U.M. and Emardash, Y.A. (2015) A review of the family Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Egypt, with thirty three new records. Zootaxa 4058, 066–080. Gauthier, N., LaSalle, J., Quicke, D.L.J. and Godfray, H.C.J. (2000) Phylogeny of Eulophidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea), with a reclassification of Eulophinae and the recognition that Elasmidae are derived eulophids. Systematic Entomology 25, 521–539. Gerling, D. and Limon, D. (1976) A biological review of the genus Euplectrus (Hym.: Eulophidae) with special emphasis on E. laphygmae as a parasite of Spodoptera littoralis (Lep.: Noctuidae). Entomophaga 21, 179–187. Ghahari, H. (2012) A contribution to the knowledge of Pteromalidae and Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from some regions of Iran. Calodema 202, 1–3. Ghahari, H. (2015) A contribution to the study of Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Iran. Natura Somogyiensis 27, 55–62. Ghahari, H. (2019) Faunistic survey of parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera) in forest areas of Mazandaran province, northern Iran. Iranian Journal of Forest 11, 61– 79 [in Persian, English summary]. Ghahari, H. and Huang, J. (2016) The species of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) from Semnan province, Iran. Wuyi Science Journal 32, 52–56. Ghahari, H. and Sakenin, H. (2018) Species diversity of Chalcidoidea and Ichneumonoidea (Hymenoptera) in some paddy fields and surrounding grasslands of Mazandaran and Guilan provinces, northern Iran. Applied Plant Protection 7, 11–19 [in Persian, English summary]. Ghahari, H. and Tabari, M. (2019) A study on the fauna of predator bugs (Heteroptera) and parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera) in paddy fields of Mazandaran. Plant and Ecosystem 59, 27–38 [in Persian, English summary]. Ghahari, H. and Yefremova, Z. (2013) A study on the family Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Iran. Journal of Zoosystematica Rossica 22, 303–310. Ghahari, H., Hayat, M., Abd-Rabou, Sh. and Dovel, R. (2004) Report of eight parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera) from Iran. Proceedings of the 16th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 August – 1 September 2004, University of Tabriz, p. 159. Ghahari, H., Huang, J., Abd-Rabou, S., Ostovan, H. and Wang, Z.H. (2006) A contribution of the Iranian

203

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Platygasteridae, Eulophidae and Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera) as the parasitoids of whiteflies (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Entomological Journal of East China 15, 166–170. Ghahari, H., Myartseva, S.N. and Ruíz-Cancino, E. (2016) A faunistic study on some families of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) from Golestan province and vicinity, northern Iran. Folia Entomológica Mexicana 2, 10–15. Gibson, G.A.P., Heraty, J.M and Woolley, J.B. (1999) Phylogenetics and classification of Chalcidoidea and Mymarommatoidea – a review of current concepts (Hymenoptera, Apocrita). Zoologica Scripta 28, 87–124. Godfray, H.C.J. (1994) Parasitoids: Behavioural and Evolutionary Ecology. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 473 pp. Golizadeh, A., Kamali, K., Fathipour, Y., Abbasipour, H. and Baur, H. (2008) Report of the parasitoid wasp, Oomyzus sokolowskii (Hym.: Eulophidae), from Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 27 (Supplement), 29–30. Graham, M.W.R. de V. (1987) A reclassification of European Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) with a revision of certain genera. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology 55(1), 2–391. Graham, M.W.R. de V. (1991) A Reclassification of European Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae): Revision of the Remaining Genera. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, Vol. 42. AEI, Gainesville, Florida, 322 pp. Gumovsky, A.V. (1999) Review of the genus Entedon Dalman, 1820 (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae, Entedoninae). 4. Revision of the cyanellus group. Annales Histoire– Natural Museum Nationales Hungarica 91, 141–176. Gumovsky, A.V. (2003) Review and taxonomic notes on the genus Derostenus (Hym.: Eulophidae). Vestnik Zoologii 37, 3–14. Gumovsky, A.V. (2011) Molecular data support the existence of four main lineages in the phylogeny of the family Eulophidae (Hymenoptera). Russian Entomological Journal 20, 273–286. Habibi, J. (1977) The bioecology of alfalfa weevil and its control in Karaj. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 44, 23–41. Haeselbarth, E. (ed.) (1983) Determination List of Entomophagous Insects. No. 9. Bulletin 6, Section Regionale Ouest Palaearctique, Organisation Inter­ nationale de Lutte Biologique [International Organisation for Biological Control/West Palaearctic Regional Section (IOBC/WPRS)], Paris, 49 pp. Haeselbarth, E. (ed.) (1985) Determination List of Entomopha­ gous Insects. No. 10. Bulletin 8, Section Regionale Ouest Palaearctique, Organisation Internationale de Lutte Biologique [International organisation for Biological Control/West Palaearctic Regional Section (IOBC/ WPRS)], Paris, 61 pp.

204

Haghani, M., Fathipour, Y., Talebi, A.A. and Baniameri, V. (2010) Influence of temperature on functional response of Hemiptarsenus zilahisebessi (Hym: Eulophidae) on Liriomyza sativae (Diptera: Agromyzidae). Proceedings of IX European Congress of Entomology, 22–27 August 2010, Budapest, Hungary, p. 126. Haghighian, F. and Sadeghi, S.E. (2010) Some biological aspects of a seed pest wasp, Bruchophagus astragali (Hym.: Eurytomidae), in rangelands of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiary province of Iran. Proceedings of the 7th International Congress of Hymenopterists, 20–26 June 2010, Köszeg, Hungary, p. 85. Hanson, P. and Gauld, I.D. (1995) The Hymenoptera of Costa Rica. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 893 pp. Hasanpour, M., Talebi, A.A., Rakhshani, E. and AmeriSiahouei, A. (2009) Identification of natural enemies of citrus psylla, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hem., Psyllidae) in Hormozgan province. Journal of Entomological Research 1, 185–195. Hassanshahi, Gh., Askarianzadeh, A., Abbasipour, H. and Karimi, J. (2012a) Natural parasitism of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lep.: Plutellidae) on different cultivars of cauliflower. Proceedings of the 20th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 26–29 August 2012, University of Shiraz, p. 11. Hassanshahi, Gh., Askarianzadeh, A., Abbasipour, H. and Karimi, J. (2012b) Identification of parasitoids of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lep.: Plutellidae) and their parasitism rate in cauliflower fields of south of Tehran. Proceedings of the 20th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 26–29 August 2012, University of Shiraz, p. 116. Hawkins, B.A. and Goeden, R.D. (1982) Biology of gallforming Tetrastichus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) associated with gall midges on saltbush in southern California (USA). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 75, 444–447. Heraty, J.M., Burks, R.A., Cruaud, A., Gibson, G.A.P, Liljebad, J. et  al. (2013) A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Cladistics 29, 466–542. Herting, B. (1973) A Catalogue of Parasites and Predators of Terrestrial Arthropods. Vol. 3. Coleoptera to Strepsiptera. Section A: Host or Prey/Enemy. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Institute of Biological Control, Farnham Royal, UK, 185 pp. Hesami, S., Alemansoor, H. and Seyedebrahimi, S. (2005) Report of Leptocybe invasa (Hym.: Eulophidae), gall wasp of Eucalyptus camaldulensis with notes on biology in Shiraz vicinity. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 24, 99–108. Hesami, S., Yefremova, Z., Ebrahimi, E. and Ostovan, H. (2006a) Little known and new species of Eulophidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) from Iran. Entomofauna 27, 393–402. Hesami, S., Yefremova, Z. and Seyedebrahimi, S. (2006b) Report of Cirrospilus variegatus (Hymenoptera:

Chapter 8

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Eulophidae), parasitoid of dipterous leafminers from Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 26, 93–94. Hesami, S., Yefremova, Z., Ebrahimi, E. and Ostovan, H. (2008a) Note referring to the description of Diglyphus scapus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 27, 27. Hesami, S., Ostovan, H., Ebrahimi, E., Shojai, M. and Kamali, K. (2008b) Effect of temperature on the development, female longevity and parasitism of Closterocerus formosus (Hym.: Eulophdiae), parasitoid of Liriomyza trifolii (Dip.: Agromyzidae). Plant Protection Journal 1, 114–125 [in Persian, English summary]. Hesami, S., Ostovan, H., Ebrahimi, E., Yefremova, Z.A., Yegorenkova, E.N., Shojai, M. and Kamali, K. (2008c) A contribution to the fauna of Eulophidae (Hym.: Chalcidoidea) in Fars province of Iran. Proceedings of the 18th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 24–27 August 2008, University of Bu-Ali Sina Hamedan, p. 91. Hesami, S., Ebrahimi, E., Ostovan, H., Shojai, M., Kamali, K., Yefremova, Z. and Yegorenkova, E. (2010a) Contribution to the study of Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Fars province of Iran: I – Subfamilies Entedoninae and Tetrastichinae. Munis Entomology and Zoology 5, 148–157. Hesami, S., Ebrahimi, E., Ostovan, H. and Yefremova, Z. (2010b) Contribution to the study of Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Fars province of Iran: II – Subfamilies Entiinae and Eulophinae, with a checklist of Eulophidae of Iran. Plant Protection Journal 2, 239–253. Hesami, S., Gheibi, M., Behzadi, M.R. and Seyedebrahimi, S. (2010c) Rose gall wasp, Diplolepis rosae (Hym., Cynipidae) and its associated wasps in Iran. Proceedings of IX European Congress of Entomology, 22–27 August 2010, Budapest, Hungary, p. 228. Hesami, S., Madjdzadeh, S.M., Moeinadini, A., Shafiee, S. and Yegorenkova, E. (2018) Checklist of Iranian Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) with one new genus and eight new species records. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 144, 359–388. Howard, L.O. (1885) Descriptions of North American Chalcididae from the collections of the US Department of Agriculture and of Dr C.V. Riley, with biological notes. (First paper). Together with a list of the described North American species of the family. Bulletin of the United States Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology 5, 1–47. Jafari, M.E. (2000) Identification of one parasitoid of citrus leafminer. Proceedings of the 14th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 5–8 September 2000, Isfahan University of Technology, p. 267. Jafari, A., Sadeghi, A., Barimani, H. and Babaei, M. (2012) First record of the male sex of Leptocybe invasa for Iran. Proceedings of the 20th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 26–29 August 2012, University of Shiraz, p. 544.

Family Eulophidae Westwood, 1829

Kamali, K., Soleiman-Nejadian, E. and Bishop, G.W. (1978) Biology of the Egyptian alfalfa weevil in Khuzestan, Southwestern province of Iran. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 71, 196–198. Khalili Mahani, M., Hatami, B., Seyedoleslami, H. and Lassal, J. (2003) Report of Baryscapus erynniae (Hym.: Eulophidae) from Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 22, 87–88. Khandehroo, F., Moravej, G.H., Sadeghi Namaghi, H. and Fekrat, L. (2016) Introduction of four new species of Eulophidae on ash tree from Iran. Journal of Plant Protection 30, 537–540 [in Persian, English summary]. Khanizad, A., Ghasemi, M. and Moradi, B. (2006) Study on bioecology of chickpea leaf miners and identification of natural enemies in Kurdistan. Proceedings of the 17th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 2–5 September 2006, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, p. 262. Khatima, A. and Reza, M. (2015) An overview on pest insect fauna of safflower fields in Iran. African Journal of Insects 2, 34–38. Kiryukhin, G. (1948) Syngenaspis oleae Clovee. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 6 and 7, 69–76. Kostjukov, V.V. (1978) Hymenoptera II. Chalcidoidea 13. Eulophidae (Tetrastichinae). In: Medvedev, G.S. (ed.) Opredeliteli Nasekomykh Evropeyskoy Chasti SSR [Keys to the Fauna of the European part of the USSR]. Institute of Zoology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR [Nauka], Moscow, 442 pp. LaSalle, J. (1990) Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) associated with spider egg sacs. Journal of Natural History 24, 1377–1389. LaSalle, J. (1994) North American genera of Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Journal of Natural History 28, 109–236. LaSalle, J. (2005) Biology of gall inducers and evolution of gall induction in Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae, Eurytomidae, Pteromalidae, Tanaostig­ matidae, Torymidae), pp. 507–537. In: Raman, A., Schaefer, C.W. and Withers, T.M. (eds) Biology, Ecology, and Evolution of Gall-inducing Arthropods. Vol. 2. Science Publishers, Enfield, New Hampshire, pp. 507–537. LaSalle, J. and Schauff, M.E. (1995) Eulophidae. In: Hanson, P. and Gauld, I.D. (eds) The Hymenoptera of Costa Rica. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, pp. 313–329. Lotfalizadeh, H. and Delvare, G. (2011) Iranian species of Cirrospilus Westwood (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) with the description of a new species. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 154, 173–180. Lotfalizadeh, H. and Gharali, B. (2014) Hymenopterous parasitoids of safflower seed pests in Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 82, 1–11. Lotfalizadeh, H. and Hosseini, F. (2012) New records of two Elasmus Westwood (Hym.: Eulophidae) species

205

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

from Iran. Proceedings of the 20th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 26–29 August 2012, University of Shiraz, p. 189. Lotfazlizadeh, H. and Hosseini, F. (2014) Chalcidoid parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of Etiella zinckenella (Treitschke) (Lep.: Pyralidae) on Sophora alopecuroides L. in Iran. North Western Journal of Zoology 10, 251–258. Lotfalizadeh, H. and Kazemi, M.H. (2010) Hymenopterous parasitoids of safflower fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Iran. Proceedings of the 7th International Congress of Hymenopterists, 20–26 June 2010, Köszeg, Hungary, p. 96. Lotfalizadeh, H. and Khalghani, J. (2008) Hymenopterous parasitoids (Hym.: Chalcidoidea) of xylophagous beetles in Iran. Entomofauna 29, 249–264. Lotfalizadeh, H., Rasplus, J.E. and Delvare, G. (2006) Rose gall wasps and their associated fauna (Hymenoptera) in Iran. Redia LXXXIX, 73–85. Lotfalizadeh, H., Avand-Faghih, A., Roshandel, S. and Jafari-Nadushan, A. (2008) Parasitoids of the almond seed wasp, Eurytoma amygdali Enderlin (Hym.: Eurytomidae) in Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 75, 41–42. Lotfalizadeh, H., Rajabi, M. and Madjdzadeh, S.M. (2012) Parasitoids community of Diplolepis fructuum (Rübsaamen) (Hym.: Cynipidae) in Kerman province, with checklist of its associated Hymenoptera fauna in Iran. North-Western Journal of Zoology 8, 125–131. Lotfalizadeh, H., Pourhaji, A. and Zargaran, M.R. (2015) Hymenopterous parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Eulophidae, Pteromalidae) of the alfalfa leafminers in Iran and their diversity. Far Eastern Entomologist 288, 1–24. Lotfalizadeh, H., Bayegan, Z.A. and Zargaran, M.R. (2016) Species diversity of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) in the rice fields of Iran. Journal of Entomological Research Society 18, 99–111. Lotfalizadeh, H., Iranpour, A. and MohammadiKhoramabadi, A. (2019) First reports of temporally soil-dwelling Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Biharean Biologist 13, 89–93. Macedo, M.V., De Santis, L. and Monteiro, R.F. (1990) Chryrocharodes rotundiventris De Santis, new species (Eulophidae), a phoretic parasitoid, with notes on its ecology and behaviour. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 34, 637–641. Mahmoudi, A., Dousti, A. and Fallahzadeh, M. (2011) Contribution to the knowledge of the Eulophidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea), parasitoids of agromyzid leafminers (Diptera, Agromyzidae) in Fars province, Iran. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 46, 289–296. Maleki, Sh., Baniameri, V. and Shojai, M. (2012) A study on identification of natural enemies and natural parasitoidism efficiency of Bucculatrix ulmifoliae M. Herring (Lep.: Bucculatricidae) in Tehran parks. Proceedings of the 20th Iranian Plant Protection

206

Congress, 26–29 August 2012, University of Shiraz, p. 81. Marouf, A. and Ebrahimi, E. (2018) First report of Baryscapus bruchophagi (Hym.: Eulophidae) from Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 38, 361–363. Mehrnejad, M.R. and Basirat, M. (2009) Parasitoid complex of the pistachio twig borer moth, Kermania pistaciella, in Iran. Biocontrol Science and Technology 19, 499–510. Mirabzadeh, A. (1986) Investigation of integrated control against alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica). Proceedings of the 8th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 30 August – 4 September 1986, Isfahan, pp. 28–29. Modarres Awal, M. (1997) Family Eulophidae (Hymenoptera). In: Modarres Awal, M. (ed.) List of Agricultural Pests and their Natural Enemies in Iran. 2nd edn. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, Iran, pp. 271–272. Modarres Awal, M. (2012) Family Eulophidae (Hymenoptera). In: Modarres Awal, M. (ed.) List of Agricultural Pests and their Natural Enemies in Iran. 3rd edn. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, Iran, pp. 497–501. Moeinadini, A. and Madjdzadeh, S.M. (2018) New distributional and host record of Euderus albitarsis Zetterstedt, 1838 and Pediobius cassidae Erdős, 1958 (Hym.: Eulophidae) with Diplolepis fructum (Rübsaamen, 1882) on wild rose. Proceedings of the 20th National and the 8th International Congress on Biology, University of Maragheh, p. 81. Moeinadini, A., Madjdzadeh, S.M. and Yegorenkova, E. (2014) Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) associated with plant galls in Kerman province, with ten new records from Iran. Journal of Entomological Research Society 16, 113–122. Mohammadi, R, Lotfalizadeh, H. and Pashayi-Rad, S. (2011) Hymenopterous parasitoids associated with rose gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) at the north of West-Azerbaijan province: Composition of species and their seasonal changes. Journal of Crop Field Entomology 1, 17–30 [in Persian, English summary]. Monadjemi, N. (1975a) Contribution to the study of the hymenopterous parasites of Hypera postica (Col. Curculionidae) in Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 2, 65–66. Monadjemi, N. (1975b) Contribution a l’etude des hymenopteres parasites de Hypera postica (Col. Curculionidae) en Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 2, 85–99. Moravvej, A., Shishehbor, P. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2016) A checklist of Chalcidoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Khuzestan in southwestern Iran. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 2, 121–142. Mossadegh, M.S. and Kocheili, F. (2003) A Semi Descriptive Checklist of Identified Species of Arthropods (Agricultural, Medical, …) and other

Chapter 8

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Pests from Khuzestan, Iran. Shahid Chamran University Press, Ahvaz, 475 pp. [in Persian]. Munro, J.B., Heraty, J.M., Burks, R.A., Hawks, D., Mottern, J. et al. (2011) A molecular phylogeny of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). PLoS ONE 6, e27023. Murphy, S.T. and LaSalle, J. (1999) Balancing biological control strategies in the IPM of New World invasive Liriomyza leafminers in field vegetable crops. Biocontrol News and Information 20, 91–104. Naderian, H., Ghahari, H. and Asgari, S. (2012) Species diversity of natural enemies in corn fields and surrounding grasslands of Semnan province, Iran. Calodema 217, 1–8. Nadimi, N., Talebi, A.A., Rakhshani, E. and Gumovsky, A. (2013) First record of Pediobius metallicus (Hym.: Eulophidae) from Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 33, 93–94. Naseri, M., Safaralizadeh, M.H. and Yazdanshenas, O.A. (1998) Introduction of Euplectrus bicolor Swedeus ectoparasitoid of Mythimna lorei Dup. Proceedings of the 13th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 23–27 August 1998, Karaj Junior College of Agriculture, p. 58. Nazemi-Rafie, J., Talebi, A.A., Sadeghi, E. and Melika, G. (2007) Parasitoids (Hym., Chalcidoidea) reared from oak gall wasps (Hym., Cynipidae) in West of Iran, with five new species records. Journal of Entomological Research Society 9, 43–56. Nikdel, M., Sadaghian, B., Dordaei, A.A. and Askari, H. (2008) Identification, distribution and evaluation of natural enemies associated with Euproctis chrysorrhoea (Lep.: Lymantriidae) in Arasbaran forests of Iran. Iranian Journal of Forest and Range Protection Research 5, 114–125. Nilsson, L.A. (1979) The pollination ecology of Herminium monorchis (Orchidaceae). Botaniska Notiser 132, 337–349. Noyes, J.S. (2019) Universal Chalcidoidea Database. Available at: www.nhm.ac.uk/chalcidoids (accessed December 2019). OILB (1971) Liste d’identification des Entomophages 8. Organisation Internationale de Lutte Biologique, Geneva, pp. 1–64. Omid, R., Raoufi, B. and Sharifinia, M. (1993) Investigation on biology and natural enemies of Galerucella luteola (Muller) (Col., Chrysomelidae) in Tehran. Proceedings of the 11th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 August – 2 September 1993, University of Guilan, p. 243. Pirhadi, A., Rajabi, Gh., Ebrahimi, E., Ostovan, H., Shekarian Moghadam, B. et  al. (2008) Natural enemies of cereal leafminer Syringopais temeratella Led. (Lep.: Elachistidae) in Lorestan province. Proceedings of the 18th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 24–27 August 2008, University of Bu-Ali Sina Hamedan, p. 71. Piruznia, A.R., Lotfalizadeh, H. and Zargaran, M.R. (2016) First record of Hemiptarsenus autonomus (Mercet, 1924) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in the Middle East. Journal of Crop Protection 5, 307–311.

Family Eulophidae Westwood, 1829

Pourhaji, A., Lotfalizadeh, H., Farshbaf-Pourabad, R., Gharali, B., Kasebi, N. and Mohammadi-Khoramabadi, A. (2016) Crataepus marbis (Hym.: Eulophidae): new finding in Iran and fruit flies (Dip.: Tephritidae) as its hosts on Asteraceae. Proceedings of the 22nd Iranian Plant Protection Congress, p. 471. Pourhaji, A., Farshbaf-Pourabad, R., Gharali, B., Lotfalizadeh, H. and Kasebi, N. (2017) The first record of Crataepus marbis (Walker) (Hym.: Eulophidae) in Iran and its hosts and distribution. Entomologia Generalis 36, 231–238. Puttler, B., Gordh, G. and Long, S.H. (1980) Bionomics of Euplectrus puttleri, new species, an introduced parasite of the velvet bean caterpillar, Anticarria gemmatalis, from South America. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 73, 28–33. Rajabi, Gh. (1989) Insects Attacking Rosaceous Fruit Trees in Iran. Vol. III. Publication of Plant Pest and Diseases Research Institute, Tehran, 256 pp. [in Persian]. Rajabi, Gh. (2011) Insect Pests of Rosaceous Fruit Trees in Iran. Management Based on Ecological Principles. 2nd edn. Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, Iran, 640 pp. [in Persian]. Rajabi, M., Madjdzadeh, S.M. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2011) New distribution record of Entedon thomsonianus Erdős (Hym.: Eulophidae) from Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 79, 153–154. Rakhshani, E., Talebi, A.A., Sadeghi, S.E., Ebrahimi, E. and Thuroczy, C. (2003) Report of five wasps species associated with dog rose galls in Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 23, 108. Rakhshani, E., Talebi, A.A., Stary, P., Manzari, S. and Rezwani, A. (2005) Re-description and biocontrol information of Pauesia antennata (Mukerji) (Hym., Braconidae, Aphidiinae), parasitoid of Pterochloroides persicae (Chol.) (Hom., Aphidoidea, Lachnidae). Journal of the Entomological Research Society 7, 59–69. Ranji, H., Karimpour, Y., Dousti, A., Lotfalizadeh, H. and Dursun, O. (2015) Report of Diglyphus sensilis parasitoid of Chromatomyia horticola from Iran. Biocontrol in Plant Protection 3, 113–115. Razmi, M., Karimpour, Y., Safaralizadeh, M.H. and Safavi, S.A. (2011) Parasitoid complex of cabbage large white butterfly Pieris brassicae (L.) (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) in Urmia with new records from Iran. Journal of Plant Protection Research 51, 248–251. Rezaei, V., Moharramipour, S. and Talebi, A.A. (2003) The first report of Psychophagus omnivorus and Chouioia cunea parasitoid wasps of American white webworm Hyphantria cunea (Lep.: Arctiidae) from Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 70, 137–138. Roshani, G.H. and Abbasipour, H. (2017) Natural enemies of the common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena

207

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

pistaciae in Aran Bidgol pistachio orchards of Kashan. Proceedings of the 2nd Iranian International Congress of Entomology, p. 6. Sadeghi, S., Lotfalizadeh, H., Iranipour, Sh. and Alipanah, H. (2012) The study of tree leaf-miner parasitoid fauna in Shahindezh, West-Azarbaijan province. Proceedings of the 20th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 26–29 August 2012, University of Shiraz, p. 112. Saeedi-Far, A., Rakhshani, E., Manzari, S., Moetemedinia, B., Ameri, A. and Yefremova, Z. (2010) Report of Tamarixia radiata (Waterston) (Hym.: Eulophidae) parasitoids of Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama. Proceedings of the 19th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 31 July – 3 August 2010, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, p. 155. Saeidi, K. (2015) Pupal hymenopterous parasitoids of Acanthiophilus helianthi (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Kohgiluyeh safflower farms. Plant Protection Journal 7, 47–57 [in Persian, English summary]. Sahragard, A. (1977) Bioecology of Cephus pygmeus L. Proceedings of the 5th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, pp. 61–62. Sakenin, H., Samin, N., Trjapitzin, V.A., Dzhanokmen, K.A., Prinsloo, G.L. and Abd-Rabou, S. (2019) A faunistic study on Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) of Iran. Calodema 733, 1–5. Samin, N. (2015) A faunistic study on some families of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) from Iran. Arquivos Entomolóxicos 14, 119–124. Samin, N. and Yegorenkova, E.N. (2014) To study Family Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Northwestern Iran. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 49, 235–243. Samin, N., Ghahari, H. and Jedryczkowskia, W.B. (2014) A study on the Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) from the Golestan province, northern Iran. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 49, 253–260. Samin, N., Ruíz Cancino, E., Myartseva, S., Trjapitzin, V.A., Gençer, L. and Sakenin, H. (2019) A faunistic study of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) from Guilan province and adjacent areas, northern Iran. Entomofauna 40, 47–58. Schauff, M.E., LaSalle, J. and Coote, L.D. (1997) Eulophidae. In: Gibson, G.A.P., Huber, J.T. and Wooley, J.B. (eds) Annotated Keys to the Genera of Nearctic Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). National Research Council Canada, NRC Research Press, Ottawa, pp. 327–429. Shafiee, S., Hesami, S., Madjdzadeh, S.M. and Gheibi, M. (2014) New records of six species of Eulophidae (Hym.: Chalcidoidea) from Iran. Proceedings of the 21st Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 23–26 August 2014, Urmia University, p. 723. Shafiee, S., Hesami, S., Madjdzadeh, S.M. and Gheibi, M. (2015) New records of Eulophidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) from Iran. Linzer Biologische Beiträge 47, 741–747.

208

Shahbazvar, N., Sahragard, A., Manzari, Sh., Hosseini, R. and Hajizadeh, J. (2010) A faunal study of whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and their parasitoids in Guilan province, Iran. Entomofauna 31, 269–284. Shahreki, Z., Rakhshani, E., Dousti, A., Ravan, S., Khajeh, N. and Taheri, S. (2012) A survey on parasitoids (Hym., Chalcidoidea, Eulophidae) of the Agromyzid leaf miners in Sistan region, Iran. Proceedings of the 20th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 26–29 August 2012, University of Shiraz, p. 103. Shahreki, Z., Rakhshani, E. and Gumovsky, A. (2016) Identification of parasitoids of leafminer flies in Sistan region – Iran. International Archive of Applied Sciences and Technology 7, 9–13. Sheng, J.J. and Zhao, F.X. (1993) A new species of Aprostocetus from China (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae). Entomologia Sinica 2, 308–310. Shojai, M. (1968) Resultats de l’étude faunestique des hymenoptères parasites (Terebrants) en Iran et importance de leur utilisation dans la luttle biologique. Proceedings of the 1st Iranian Plant Protection Congress, pp. 25–35. Shojai, M. (1998) Entomology (Ethology Social Life and Natural Enemies) (Biological Control). 3rd vol., 3rd edn. University of Tehran Publication, Tehran, Iran, 550 pp. [in Persian]. Shojai, M, Esmaili, M. and Ostovan, H. (2000) Integrated pest management of codling moth and other important pests of pomoidea fruit trees. Journal of Agricultural Science 6, 15–45 [in Persian, English summary]. Shojai, M., Ostovan, H., Mojdehi, H., Zamanizadeh, H., Rahjoo, V. et al. (2001) Survival dependence of pathogenic fungus: Ophiostoma ulmi (Buisman) with its host trees, insects vectors and its role integrated pest management in preventing and controlling the Dutch elm disease. Journal of Agricultural Sciences (Islamic Azad University) 7, 1–19 [in Persian, English summary]. Shojai, M., Ostovan, H., Hosseini, M., Sadigfar, M., Khodaman, A. et  al. (2002) Biocenotic potentials of apple orchards IPM in organic crop production programme. Journal of Agricultural Sciences (Islamic Azad University) 8, 1–27 [in Persian, English summary]. Shojai, M., Ostovan, H., Zamanizadeh, H., Labbafi, Y., Nasrollahi, A., Ghasemzadeh, M. and Rajabi, M.Z. (2003) The management of cucumber and tomato intercrops and implementation of non-chemical control of pests and diseases for organic crop production in the greenhouse. Journal of Agricultural Sciences (Islamic Azad University) 9, 1–39 [in Persian, English summary]. Shojai, M., Ostovan, H., Darvish, F., Tirgari, S., Labbafyi, Y. and Rajabi, M.Z. (2005) Technology of biological control and pollination of Iranian cucumber cultivar in protected cultivation and organic production crop. Journal of Agricultural Sciences (Islamic Azad University) 11, 69–104 [in Persian, English summary].

Chapter 8

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Sohrabi, F., Lotfalizadeh, H. and Salehipour, H. (2014) Report of two larval parasitoids of Tuta absoluta (Meyreck) (Lepidoptera: Gelechidae) from Iran. Proceedings of the 21st Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 23–26 August 2014, Urmia University, p. 726. Talebi, A.A., Asadi, R., Fathipour, Y., Kamali, K., Moharramipour, S. and Rakhshani, E. (2005) Eulophid parasitoids of agromyzid leafminers genus Liriomyza (Dipt.: Agromyzidae) in Tehran, Iran. IOBC WPRS Bulletin 28, 263–266. Talebi, A.A., Ameri, A., Fathipour, Y. and Rakhshani, E. (2008) Natural enemies of cypress tree mealybug, Planococcus vovae (Nasonov) (Hem.: Pseudococcidae), and their parasitoids in Tehran. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 10, 123–133. Talebi, A.A., Mohammadi-Khoramabadi, A. and Rakhshani, E. (2011) Checklist of eulophid wasps (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) of Iran. Checklist 7, 708–719. Tan, J.L., Mirab-balou, M., He, J.H. and Chen, X.X. (2010) The thrips-attacking genus Ceranisus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Entedoninae) from Iran. Entomotaxonomia 32, 62–68. Tavakoli, M., Melika, G., Sadeghi, S.E., Askew, R.R., Stone, G.N. et  al. (2010) Parasitoid communities (Chalcidoidea) of oak gall wasps of Iran (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Proceedings of the 7th International Congress of Hymenopterists, 20–26 June 2010, Köszeg, Hungary, pp. 115–116. Thompson, W.R. (1955) A Catalogue of the Parasites and Predators of Insect Pests. Section 2. Host Parasite Catalogue. Part 3. Hosts of the Hymenoptera (Calliceratid to Evaniid). Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, The Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, pp. 191–332. Thu, P.Q., Dell, B. and Burgess, I. (2009) Susceptibility of 18 eucalypt species to the gall wasp Leptocybe invasa in the nursery and young plantations in Vietnam. Science Asia 35, 113–117. van den Berg, E., Prinsloo, G.L. and Neser, S. (1990) An unusual host association: Aprostocetus sp. (Eulophidae), a hymenopterous predator of the nematode Subanguina mobilis (Chit and Fischer, 1975) Brzeski 1981 (Anguinidae). Phytophylactica 22, 125–127. Waterhouse, D.F. and Norris, K.R. (1987) Biological Control: Pacific Prospects. Inkata Press, Melbourne, Australia, 454 pp. Waterston, J. (1915) Notes on African Chalcidoidea – II. Bulletin of Entomological Research 5, 343–372. Yang, Z.Q. and Xie, E.K. (1998) Behavior of Chouioia cunea Yang (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Chinese Journal of Biological Control 14, 49–52. Yarahmadi, F., Salehi, Z. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2016) Two species of the genus Elachertus Spinola (Hym.:

Family Eulophidae Westwood, 1829

Eulophidae) new larval ectoparasitoids of Tuta absoluta (Meyreck) (Lep.: Gelechidae). Journal of Crop Protection 5, 413–418. Yefremova, Z.A. (2007) The Subfamilies Eulophinae, Euderinae and Entedoninae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in Yemen. Fauna of Arabia 23, 335–368. Yefremova, Z.A. (2015) An annotated checklist of the Eulophidae (excl. Tetrastichinae) (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Israel. Zootaxa 3957, 1–36. Yefremova, Z.A. and Strakhova, I.S. (2010) A review of the species of the genus Elasmus Westwood (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) from Russia and neighboring countries. Entomological Review 90, 903–926. Yefremova, Z.A., Ebrahimi, E. and Yegorenkova, E. (2007) The subfamilies Eulophinae, Entedoninae and Tetrastichinae in Iran, with description of new species (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Entomofauna 28, 405–440. Yegorenkova, E.N., Yefremova, Z.A. and Karimpour, Y. (2012) A new species of the genus Tetrastichus Haliday (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), parasitoid of Kokujewia ectrapela Konow (Hymenoptera: Argidae) in Iran. Zoosystematica Rossica 21, 158–162. Zahiri, B., Moharramipour, S. and Talebi, A.A. (2004) The first report of Hemiptarsenus zilahisebessi and H. wailesellae (Hym.: Eulophidae), parasitoids of leafminer Liriomyza sativae (Dipt.: Agromizidae) from Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 24, 126. Zahiri, B., Fathipour, Y., Khanjani, M. and Moharramipour, S. (2006) Spatial distribution of alfalfa weevil and its natural enemies in Hamedan. Proceedings of the 17th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 2–5 September 2006, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, p. 52. Zargaran, M.R., Sadeghi, S.E., Bakhshali Saatlo, V. and Melika, G. (2008) Identification of oak gall wasp parasitoids in west Azarbaijan. Proceedings of the 18th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 24–27 August 2008, University of Bu-Ali Sina Hamedan, p. 83. Zargaran, M.R., Lotfalizadeh, H., Safaralizadeh, M.H. and Saatlou, V.B. (2010) First report of parasitoids of Populus leafminer in Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 77, 1–2. Zarnegar, A., Lotfalizadeh, H. and Gharali, B. (2012) Natural enemies of Juniperus (Juniperus excels M. Bieb.) fruit pests in Ghazvin province for the first time from Iran. Proceedings of the 20th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 26–29 August 2012, University of Shiraz, p. 543. Zohdi, H. and Talebi, A.A. (2011) Study on some biological characteristics of Tetrastichus gallerucae (Hym. Eulophidae), important parasitoid of elm leaf beetle eggs in Kerman, Iran. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection 44, 1075–1080.

209

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

 

 

Eupelmus atropurpureus Dalman, 1820 – ♀ (Eupelmidae) [photo courtesy of I.E. Popescu]

Eupelmus linearis Förster, 1860 – ♀ (Eupelmidae) [photo courtesy of I.E. Popescu]

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

9



Family Eupelmidae Walker, 1833 Gary A.P. Gibson and Hassan Ghahari

John Noyes (unpublished) tabulated 1049 extant and five fossil species in 48 genera for Eupelmidae (Introduction, Table I.1), but currently there are 43 extant and four extinct genera classified in the following three subfamilies: Eupelminae Walker (31 genera), Calosotinae Bouček (eight genera) and Neanastatinae Kalina, 1984 (four extant + four extinct genera) (Gibson et al., 1997; Fusu, 2008; Gibson, 2009). The generic revision of Eupelminae by Gibson (1995) recognized 33 genera but since then two have been synonymized (Gibson, 2017, 2018). The family is worldwide in distribution, but has its highest species diversity in tropical regions (Fusu, 2009; Anton and Stojanova, 2015). Except for males of Eupelminae, which most closely resemble males of Cleonyminae (Pteromalidae), eupelmids can be distinguished from those of other Chalcidoidea by the following combination of characters: mesopleuron (acropleuron sensu Gibson, 1986) large, convex and longer than high; mid coxae inserted posterior of midline of mesopleuron, adjacent to hind coxae and distant from fore coxae; mid tibia with spur comparatively long and thick; mid tarsus usually with some pattern of thickened pegs along anterior, posterior, or both margins ventrally; prepectus not conspicuously enlarged on either side of pronotum; and cerci usually placed at or near apex of the metasoma (Nikol’skaya, 1952; Trjapitzin, 1978; Bouček, 1988; Gibson, 1989; Gibson et al., 1997). Gibson (1989) stated that the apomorphic character states shared among female Eupelminae and both sexes of other Eupelmidae, Cynipencyrtidae, Encyrtidae and Tanaostigmatidae (the ‘jumpers’ clade sensu Heraty et al., 2013) form a functional complex of modifications evolved to enhance jumping ability (Gibson, 1986) and therefore could be the result of convergent evolution in the different taxa. Although Gibson (1989) provided morphological features to support the monophyly of each of the three subfamilies of Eupelmidae, he proposed that the family might represent an evolutionary grade of structure rather than a monophyletic clade. In the study of Munro et al. (2011), Eupelmidae was never monophyletic and its subfamilies

Calosotinae, Eupelminae and Neanastatinae were almost never monophyletic, whereas the combined molecular and morphological analyses of Heraty et al. (2013) retrieved Eupelmidae as monophyletic if the genus Oodera Westwood (Pteromalidae: Cleonyminae) was included. This latter indicated relationship likely resulted at least partly because both sexes of Oodera have a membranous area in front of each mid coxa that allows the coxae to rotate anteriorly out of their combined fossa, which is otherwise shared with female Eupelminae and both sexes of Calosotinae (Gibson, 1989); however, Oodera does not have a convexly enlarged mesopleuron. Cynipencyrtidae and Tanaostigmatidae do not occur in Iran, but Eupelmidae can be distinguished from Encyrtidae by position of the mid coxae and other features discussed under the latter family. Species of Eupelmidae tend to be infrequently collected using sweep nets, the traditional method for collecting chalcidoid wasps, because most eupelmids are good jumpers and hence often escape capture. Interesting results are obtained using Malaise or pan traps to collect individuals or by rearing them from galls, dead wood infested with wood-boring coleopterans, and from other hosts; unfortunately, these techniques are time consuming and not frequently used (Fusu, 2009). Rearing of species to associate the sexes is of particular importance for Eupelminae, in which males and females are highly dimorphic, the males looking nothing like their conspecific females (Gibson, 1986). As noted above, female eupelmines are highly modified for enhanced jumping ability, but some of these modifications also reduce the ability of females to fly; male eupelmines retain a plesiomorphic, like structure, and thus although not pteromalid-­ able to jump as well as females they retain better flight ability for dispersal (Gibson, 1986, 1989). Because the sexes are so dissimilar and more differential features are exhibited by females, taxonomy of Eupelminae has historically been based mainly on females and males are unknown for

© CAB International 2021. Chalcidoidea of Iran (Insecta: Hymenoptera) (eds. H. Ghahari, G.A.P. Gibson and G. Viggiani). DOI: 10.1079/9781789248463.0009

211

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

many species. Males and females are similar in structure except for genitalic features and sometimes antennal structure in both Calosotinae and Neanastatinae. Only two of the three subfamilies of Eupelmidae are represented in Iran: Calosotinae and Eupelminae. However, one genus of Neanastatinae, Metapelma Westwood, 1835, does occur in the western Palaearctic region and another genus, Neanastatus Girault, 1913, is Old World in distribution. Species of Metapelma are parasitoids of wood-boring beetles, whereas species of Neanastatus attack various gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) or their primary parasitoids. The other two genera of Neanastatinae are New World in distribution (Gibson, 1989), of which one is indicated as an egg parasitoid. This biological diversity among so few genera is correlated with an equally great morphological diversity among the four genera (Gibson, 1989), which could reflect an old age for the group. Interestingly, Neanastatinae is the only eupelmid subfamily with a fossil record, with four monotypic extinct genera along with a fossil species of Metapelma having been described from Baltic amber (Gibson, 2009). Most Calosotinae are primary idiobiont ectoparasitoids of wood-boring beetles, except for some species of Calosota Curtis that are primary parasitoids of other insects, hyperparasitoids of chalcidoids in grass stems, or very rarely egg parasitoids (Gibson, 1989). Eupelminae is by far the most taxonomically diverse of the three subfamilies with respect to the number of species and genera recognized, and four genera known from Iran (Anastatus Motschulsky, Arachnophaga Ashmead, Eupelmus Dalman and Merostenus Walker) have their species classified into subgenera (Gibson, 1995, 2017). All species of Anastatus from Iran belong to the nominate subgenus, A. (Anastatus), whereas the single species of Arachnophaga known from Iran is classified in A. (Parasolindenia Brues) and the single species of Merostenus is classified in M. (Merostenus). Three subgenera are recognized in Eupelmus: E. (Episolindelia Girault), E. (Eupelmus) and E. (Macroneura Walker), all of which are known from Iran. In our checklist we list the species of Eupelmus alphabetically, but include the subgenus for each species. Eupelminae are also by far the most diverse of the three subfamilies biologically, displaying much greater polyphagy, hyperparasitism and wider host range. Most species are idiobiont ectoparasitoids of the larvae and pupae of Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera that are concealed or protected in plant tissue (Gibson, 1995, 2006; Anton and Stojanova, 2015), but some are predators or endoparasitoids of the eggs of spiders (Araneae) and various insects (Blattodea,

212

Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Mantodea, and Orthoptera) (Gibson, 1995) and one Australian species of Calymmochilus Masi, is even known as a parasitoid of a pseudoscorpion (Pseudoscorpiones) (Austin et al., 1998). Of the two largest genera, species of Eupelmus are typically primary or secondary ectoparasitoids of the larvae and pupae of various holometabolous insects in concealed or protected situations in plant tissue (Gibson, 2011; Antov et al., 2017), whereas most Anastatus are primary egg parasitoids of a wide variety of insect orders or rarely hyperparasitoids, usually through cocoons of braconids (Trjapitzin, 1978; Gibson et al., 2012; Fusu et al., 2015). Modarres Awal (1997) previously listed four, and Modarres Awal (2012) six, species of Eupelmidae for Iran in four genera: Anastatus, Cerambycobius Ashmead, 1896 (= Brasema Cameron), Eupelmus and Macroneura Walker, 1837 (= subgenus of Eupelmus). Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh (2016b) listed 31 species in seven genera in the two subfamilies Calosotinae and Eupelminae. Based on our checklist, the fauna of Iranian Eupelmidae consists of 48 species (~4.6% of the world species) following our inclusion of one newly recorded species (Calosota aestivalis (Curtis) (Calosotinae)) and the exclusion of two names, one of which is an invalid name (Table 21.2); five of the recorded species are currently considered as endemic to Iran (Table 21.3). The species are classified in nine genera in the two subfamilies Calosotinae (five species in three genera) and Eupelminae (43 species in six genera). Among the genera, Eupelmus, with 31 species, is most diverse, followed by Anastatus (eight species), and Calosota and Eusandalum Ratzeburg (both with two species). Species have been recorded from 22 provinces (Table 21.4), among which East Azarbaijan, with 18 species, has the highest diversity (Fig. 9.1). Species of Iranian Eupelmidae are known to be parasitoids of 40 species in 17 families and five orders: Blattaria (one species of Blattellidae), Coleoptera (four species of Buprestidae and one species in both of Brentidae and Curculionidae), Hemiptera (one species in both of Cicadidae and Scutelleridae), Hymenoptera (11 species in Cynipidae, six species in Braconidae, two species in Torymidae and one species in both of Eurytomidae and Tenthredinidae) and Lepidoptera (five species in Tineidae and one species in each of Erebidae, Gelechiidae, Lasiocampidae, Sphingidae and Tortricidae). Comparison of the eupelmid fauna of Iran with adjacent countries (Table 21.5) indicates that the fauna of Iran (48 species) is most diverse, followed by Russia (28 species), Turkey (17 species), Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan (both with nine species), Azerbaijan and United Arab Emirates (both with five species),

Chapter 9

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

20

18

18 Number of species

16 14 12

9

10

7

8

5

6

3

4

2

2

4

3

2

5

1

2

1

2

3

3 1

1

2

2

3 1

an

Ke

rm

G

ui

la

n s Lo hah re st a Ar n d H ab Si am il st ad an a & Ba Ma n r k lu ch azi es t Ke an M rm R a az za an av nd i K ar ho an C ha Kh ras ha uz an rm es ah ta n al Fa & Ba rs kh t W es Go iari t A les Ea za ta st rb n Az aija ar n ba ija Te n hr Bu an s Ko he rd hr es ta Q n az vi Al n b Se orz m na n

0

Provinces of Iran Fig. 9.1.  Number of reported species of Iranian Eupelmidae by province.

Afghanistan, Armenia and Pakistan (each with three species), Iraq (two species) and Oman and Saudi Arabia (both with one species); no species have been recorded from Bahrain, Kuwait or Qatar (Noyes, 2019). Russia shares 14 known species with Iran, followed by Turkey (13 species), Kazakhstan (seven species), Armenia and Turkmenistan (both with three species), Azerbaijan (two species) and Oman, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates (each with one species).

Checklist of Iranian EUPELMIDAE Walker, 1833 Subfamily Calosotinae Bouček, 1958 Genus Calosota Curtis, 1836 Calosota aestivalis Curtis, 1836 Catalogues with Iranian records: None (newly recorded from Iran). Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan province, Piranshahr (Lajan), 2♀, ex Anthaxia schah Abeille de Perrin 1904 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) on Ficus sp. (Moraceae), September 2014. General distribution: Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, France, Hungary, Israel, Jordan, Morocco, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR.

Family Eupelmidae Walker, 1833

Calosota metallica (Gahan, 1922) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh (2016b), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh, 2016b), Kermanshah (Ghahari et al., 2010b, as Calosota viridis Masi, 1922), Iran (no specific locality) (Gibson, 2010). General distribution: Bosnia Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Tajikistan, Turkey, United States of America, Uzbekistan. Host records in Iran: Tetramesa brevicollis (Walker) (Eurytomidae) (Ghahari et al., 2010b). Genus Eusandalum Ratzeburg, 1852 Eusandalum inerme (Ratzeburg, 1848) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh (2016b). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Lotfalizadeh and Khalghani, 2008). General distribution: Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Buprestidae (Coleoptera) on Ficus carica (Moraceae) (Lotfalizadeh and Khalghani, 2008). Eusandalum walkeri (Curtis, 1836) Catalogues with Iranian records: None.

213

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Sakenin Chelav et al., 2018). General distribution: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Germany, Israel, Romania, Spain, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Agrilus angustulus (Illiger) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) (Sakenin Chelav et al., 2018). Genus Pentacladia Westwood, 1835 Pentacladia eques (Haliday, 1862) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Hamadan (Sakenin Chelav et al., 2018). General distribution: Algeria, Croatia, Egypt, Israel, Mauritania, Nigeria, Turkmenistan. Subfamily Eupelminae Walker, 1833 Genus Anastatus Motschulsky, 1859 Anastatus (Anastatus) bifasciatus (Geoffroy, 1785) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh (2016b). Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Iranipour, 1996; Iranipour et al., 1998), East Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al., 2010a; Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh, 2016b), Guilan (Samin et al., 2019), Mazandaran (Ghahari et al., 2010b), Qazvin (Samin and Farzaneh, 2016), Tehran (Iranipour, 1996; Iranipour et al., 1998; Modarres Awal, 2012), Iran (no specific locality) (Lotfalizadeh and Parsa, 2018). General distribution: Bosnia Hercegovina, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kirgizia, Korea, Lebanon, Moldova, Montenegro, Morocco, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Ukraine, United States of America, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Egg parasitoid of Eurygaster integriceps Putton (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae) (Iranipour, 1996; Iranipour et al., 1998; Modarres Awal, 2012). Anastatus (Anastatus) catalonicus Bolívar. y Pieltain, 1935 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh and Parsa, 2018). General distribution: Bulgaria, France, Germany, Romania, Spain.

214

Anastatus (Anastatus) dlabolai Kalina, 1981 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh (2016b), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Kalina, 1981a – holotype: Deh Bakri; Mehrnejad and Basirat, 2009), Iran (no specific locality) (Lotfalizadeh and Parsa, 2018). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Host records in Iran: Kermania pistaciella Amsel (Lepidoptera: Tineidae) (Mehrnejad and Basirat, 2009; Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh, 2016b) and Chelonus kermakiae (Tobias) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) (Mehrnejad and Basirat, 2009). Anastatus (Anastatus) giraudi (Ruschka, 1921) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al., 2010b). General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Moldova, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden. Anastatus (Anastatus) interruptus Nikol’skaya, 1952 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Bayegan et al., 2014; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2016 – in rice field). General distribution: Uzbekistan. Anastatus (Anastatus) japonicus Ashmead, 1904 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Sakenin Chelav et al., 2018), Iran (no specific locality) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012, as Anastatus disparis Ruschka, 1921). General distribution: Austria, Belarus, Bosnia Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Macedonia, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, South Korea, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine, United States of America, Uzbekistan. Host records in Iran: Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Sakenin Chelav et al., 2018). Anastatus (Anastatus) splendens Nikol’skaya, 1952 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al., 2010b). General distribution: Azerbaijan, Croatia, Tajikistan. Anastatus (Anastatus) tenuipes Bolívar y Pieltain, 1925 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh (2016b).

Chapter 9

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan, Sistan & Baluchestan (Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh, 2016b), Fars (Fallahzadeh et al., 2008), Iran (no specific locality) (Lotfalizadeh and Parsa, 2018). General distribution: China, Egypt, Guatemala, India, Italy, Mexico, Senegal, Sudan, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Ootheca of Bellatella germanica (L.) (Blattaria: Blattellidae) (Fallahzadeh et al., 2008), Hyles lineata (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) on Vitis sp. (Vitaceae) (Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh, 2016b). Anastatus (Anastatus) spp. Distribution in Iran: Bushehr (Farrar et al., 2016), East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh, 2016b). Host records in Iran: Egg parasitoid of Streblote siva (Lefèbvre) (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) (Farrar et al., 2016). Genus Arachnophaga Ashmead, 1896 Arachnophaga (Parasolindenia) matritensis (Bolívar y Pieltain, 1934) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh (2016b). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Mehrnejad and Basirat, 2009). General distribution: Canary Islands, Spain. Host records in Iran: Kermania pistaciella Amsel (Lepidoptera: Tineidae) (Mehrnejad and Basirat, 2009) and Chelonus kermakiae (Tobias) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) (Mehrnejad and Basirat, 2009). Genus Brasema Cameron, 1884 Brasema stenus (Bouček, 1968) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh (2016b). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Ghadirzadeh et al., 2016; Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh, 2016a,b). General distribution: Former Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Slovakia, Spain. Genus Calymmochilus Masi, 1919 Calymmochilus dispar Bouček and Andriescu, 1967 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh (2016b). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh, 2016a,b).

Family Eupelmidae Walker, 1833

General distribution: Armenia, Bulgaria, Croatia, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Spain, Transcaucasus, former Yugoslavia. Genus Eupelmus Dalman, 1820 Eupelmus (Macroneura) algiricus (Kalina, 1981) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Mehrnejad, 2008; Mehrnejad and Basirat, 2009). General distribution: Algeria. Host records in Iran: Kermania pistaciella Amsel (Lepidoptera: Tineidae) (Mehrnejad, 2008; Mehrnejad and Basirat, 2009), Chelonus kermakiae (Tobias) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) (Mehrnejad and Basirat, 2009). Eupelmus (Eupelmus) annulatus Nees, 1834 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh (2016b), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh, 2016b), Kerman (Mehrnejad, 2008; Mehrnejad and Basirat, 2009), Kordestan (NazemiRafie et al., 2007), Iran (no specific locality) (Tavakoli et al., 2010; Gibson, 2011). General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Moldova, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Andricus cecconii Kieffer (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Quercus brantii (Fagaceae) (Nazemi-Rafie et al., 2007); Kermania pistaciella Amsel (Lepidoptera: Tineidae) (Mehrnejad 2008; Mehrnejad and Basirat, 2009) and Chelonus kermakiae (Tobias) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) (Mehrnejad and Basirat, 2009), Cynipidae on Quercus castaneifolia (Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh, 2016b). Eupelmus (Eupelmus) atropurpureus Dalman, 1820 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Sakenin Chelav et al., 2018), Iran (no specific locality) (Gibson and Fusu, 2016). General distribution: Austria, Bosnia Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Caucasus, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Morocco, Netherlands, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR.

215

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Eupelmus (Eupelmus) azureus Ratzeburg, 1844 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh (2016b). Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Sakenin Chelav et al., 2018), Iran (no specific locality) (Gibson and Fusu, 2016). General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, Caucasus, Croatia, former Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Andricus fecundatrix (Hartig), Andricus grossulariae Giraud (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) (Sakenin Chelav et al., 2018). Eupelmus (Eupelmus) bicolor Gibson and Fusu, 2016 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh (2016b), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Kermanshah, Lorestan (Gibson and Fusu, 2016). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Host records in Iran: Andricus cecconii Kieffer (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Quercus brantii (Gibson and Fusu, 2016; Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh, 2016b). Eupelmus (Eupelmus) cerris Förster, 1860 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh (2016b). Distribution in Iran: Iran (no specific locality) (Sadeghi et al., 2009; Tavakoli et al., 2010; Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh, 2016b; Gibson and Fusu, 2016). General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Romania, Spain, Sweden. Host records in Iran: Pseudoneuroterus macropterus (Hartig) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Quercus brantii (Fagaceae) (Sadeghi et al., 2009; Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh, 2016b). Eupelmus (Episolindelia) cicadae Giraud, 1872 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh (2016b), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Hamadan (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012, as Cerambycobius cicadae (Giraud, 1872); Shojai, 1998), Iran (no specific locality) (OILB, 1971). General distribution: Bulgaria, Croatia, France, Iran, Italy, Slovakia. Host records in Iran: Cicadatra ochreata Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) on Vitis vinifera (Vitaceae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998).

216

Eupelmus (Macroneura) coleophorae (Kalina, 1981) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh (2016b), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Semnan, Qazvin (Kalina, 1981b). General distribution: Iran, Uzbekistan. Eupelmus (Eupelmus) confusus Al Khatib, 2015 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh (2016b), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Al Khatib et al., 2015, 2016; Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh, 2016b), Iran (no specific locality) (Gibson and Fusu, 2016). General distribution: Bulgaria, Cyprus, France, Greece, Iran, Italy, Spain, Sweden. Host records in Iran: Galls on Salix alba (Salicaceae) (Al Khatib et al., 2015, 2016). Eupelmus (Macroneura) falcatus (Nikol'skaya, 1952) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Northern Iran, vicinity of Dasht (Kalina, 1981b, as Eupelmus falcatus (Nikol’skaya, 1952)). General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Transcaucasus, Ukraine, former USSR, Uzbekistan. Eupelmus (Eupelmus) fulvipes Förster, 1860 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh (2016b), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2006, 2012; Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh, 2016b), Hamadan (Ghahari et al., 2010b), Mazandaran (Sakenin Chelav et al., 2018), Iran (no specific locality) (Gibson and Fusu, 2016). General distribution: Austria, Azerbaijan, Caucasus, Georgia, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Spain, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Diplolepis fructuum (Rübsaamen) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Rosa damascena (Rosaceae) (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2006; Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh, 2016b), Diplolepis mayri (Schlechtendal) (Ghahari et al., 2010b), Diplolepis rosae (L.) (Sakenin Chelav et al., 2018). Eupelmus (Eupelmus) gelechiphagus Gibson and Fusu, 2016 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh (2016b), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Gibson and Fusu, 2016; Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh, 2016b).

Chapter 9

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

General distribution: Iran, Israel, Saudi Arabia. Host records in Iran: Amblypalpis olivierella Ragonot (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) on Tamarixa phylla (Tamaricaceae) (Gibson and Fusu, 2016; Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh, 2016b). Eupelmus (Macroneura) impennis (Nikol’skaya, 1952) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh (2016b), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Mohammadi et al., 2011; Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh, 2016b), West Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012; Mohammadi et al., 2012; Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh, 2016b). General distribution: Bulgaria, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Romania, Slovakia, Tajikistan, Turkey, former USSR, Uzbekistan. Host records in Iran: Diplolepis fructuum (Rübsaamen) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Rosa canina (Rosaceae) (Mohammadi et al., 2011, 2012; Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh, 2016b). Eupelmus (Eupelmus) iranicus Kalina, 1988 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh (2016b), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Kalina, 1988 – holotype: Aliabad; Gibson and Fusu, 2016). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Eupelmus (Episolindelia) linearis Förster, 1860 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Sakenin Chelav et al., 2018). General distribution: Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Moldova, Netherlands, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Transcaucasus, Ukraine. Eupelmus (Eupelmus) longicaudus Kalina, 1988 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh (2016b), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Sistan & Baluchestan (Kalina, 1988 – holotype: Nikshahr; Gibson and Fusu, 2016). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Eupelmus (Macroneura) maculatus (Ferrière, 1954) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al., 2010b). General distribution: Algeria, Argentina, Brazil, Bulgaria, China, France, Greece, Hong Kong, India, Italy, Madagascar, Malaysia, Moldova, Romania,

Family Eupelmidae Walker, 1833

South Africa, Spain, Sudan, Tajikistan, United Arab Emirates, Uruguay. Eupelmus (Eupelmus) martellii Masi, 1941 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh (2016b). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh, 2016b), Kerman (Mahdavi and Madjdzadeh, 2012, 2013). General distribution: France, Libya, Tunisia. Host records in Iran: Galls on Salix alba (Salicaceae) (Mahdavi and Madjdzadeh, 2012, 2013), Pontania sp. (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) (Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh, 2016b). Eupelmus (Eupelmus) matranus Erdős, 1947 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Iran (no specific locality) (Tavakoli et al., 2010). General distribution: France, Hungary, Italy, Romania, Spain. Eupelmus (Eupelmus) mehrnejadi Gibson and Fusu, 2016 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh (2016b), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Gibson and Fusu, 2016). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Host records in Iran: Kermania pistaciella Amsel (Lepidoptera: Tineidae) on Pistacia vera (Anacardiaceae) (Gibson and Fusu, 2016), Chelonus kermakiae (Tobias) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Pistacia vera (Mehrnejad and Basirat, 2009, as Eupelmus longicornis – misidentification; Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh, 2016b). Comments: Prior to Gibson and Fusu (2016) describing E. mehrnejadi as a new species, Mehrnejad and Basirat (2009) erroneously identified specimens as E. longicornis (Kalina, 1981), but E. longicornis is endemic to Algeria. Eupelmus (Macroneura) messene Walker, 1839 Catalogues with Iranian records: Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz, West Azarbaijan (Fusu, 2017). General distribution: Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azores, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Colombia, Czech Republic, France, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Japan, Kirgizia, Moldova, New Zealand, North Korea, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, South Korea, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America.

217

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Host records in Iran: Galls of Diplolepis sp. (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Rosa canina (Rosaceae) (Fusu, 2017). Eupelmus (Eupelmus) microzonus Förster, 1860 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh (2016b), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Ardabil (Lotfalizadeh and Hashemi, 2015), East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh, 2016a,b), Iran (no specific locality) (Trjapitzin, 1978; Gibson, 2011; Gibson and Fusu, 2016). General distribution: Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, former USSR, Uzbekistan. Host records in Iran: Oxystoma ochropus (Germar) (Coleoptera: Brentidae) (Lotfalizadeh and Hashemi, 2015; Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh, 2016b). Eupelmus (Macroneura) muellneri Ruschka, 1921 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh (2016b). Distribution in Iran: Markazi, Tehran (Radjabi, 1991; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012, as Macroneura muellneri (Ruschka, 1921); Lotfalizadeh and Khalghani, 2008; Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh, 2016b), West Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al., 2015). General distribution: Algeria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, France, Italy, Libya, Malta, Portugal, Spain, Tunisia, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Scolytus rugulosus (Müller) (as Ruguloscolytus mediterraneus (Eggers)) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and Sphenoptera davatchii Descarpentries (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) (Radjabi, 1991; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Lotfalizadeh and Khalghani, 2008; Ghahari et al., 2015; Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh, 2016b). Eupelmus (Eupelmus) pini Taylor, 1927 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh (2016b). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh, 2016a,b). General distribution: Andorra, Austria, Canada, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR.

218

Eupelmus (Eupelmus) pistaciae Al Khatib, 2015 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh (2016b), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Iran (no specific locality) (Al Khatib et al., 2015; Gibson and Fusu, 2016). General distribution: Cyprus, France, Greece, Iran, Tunisia, Turkey. Host records in Iran: Megastigmus pistaciae Walker (Megastigmidae) (Al Khatib et al., 2015; Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh 2016a,b). Plant associations in Iran: Pistacia atlantica, Pistacia vera (Anacardiaceae) (Gibson and Fusu, 2016). Eupelmus (Eupelmus) splendens Giraud, 1872 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh (2016b). Distribution in Iran: Kermanshah (Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh, 2016a,b). General distribution: Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Romania, Slovakia, Spain. Host records in Iran: Cynipidae on Quercus sp. (Fagaceae) (Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh, 2016a,b). Eupelmus (Episolindelia) testaceiventris (Motschulsky, 1863) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Razavi Khorasan (Sakenin Chelav et al., 2018). General distribution: Australia, China, Croatia, Cyprus, India, Madagascar, Oman, Spain, Sri Lanka. Eupelmus (Eupelmus) urozonus Dalman, 1820 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh (2016b), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Ardabil (Hashemi and Lotfalizadeh, 2014), East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2006, 2012; Daneshvar et al., 2009; Mohammadi et al., 2011; Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh, 2016a,b), Fars, Khuzestan (Golestaneh et al., 2008), Kerman (Mehrnejad and Basirat, 2009; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012; Mahdavi and Madjdzadeh, 2012, 2013; Al Khatib et al., 2016), Lorestan (Azizkhani et al., 2005, 2008; Modarres Awal, 2012), Tehran (Rakhshani et al., 2003; Hesami et al., 2006; Daneshvar et al., 2009; Modarres Awal, 2012; Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh, 2016b), West Azarbaijan (Daneshvar et al., 2009; Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh, 2016b), Iran (no specific locality) (Hesami et al., 2010; Tavakoli et al., 2010; Gibson and Fusu, 2016). General distribution: Afghanistan, Algeria, Andorra, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia

Chapter 9

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Hercegovina, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Moldova, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Neuroterus saliens (Kollar) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) (Golestaneh et al., 2008), Diplolepis mayri (Schlechtendal) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) (Daneshvar et al., 2009), Kermania pistaciella Amsel (Lepidoptera: Tineidae) and Chelonus kermakiae (Tobias) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) (Mehrnejad and Basirat, 2009), Diplolepis fructuum (Rübsaamen) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Rosa canina (Rosaceae) (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2006; Mohammadi et al., 2011; Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh, 2016b), Diplolepis rosae (L.) on Rosa canina (Hesami et al., 2010), Diplolepis fructuum on Rosa beggeriana (Mahdavi and Madjdzadeh, 2013), Oxystoma ochropus (Germar) (Coleoptera: Brentidae) (Hashemi and Lotfalizadeh, 2014), Megastigmus amicorum Bouček (Torymidae) on Juniperus sp. (Cupressaceae) (Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh, 2016b), galls on Rosa canina (Rakhshani et al., 2003; Modarres Awal, 2012), Rosa damascena (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2006; Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh, 2016b), Salix alba (Salicaceae) (Mahdavi and Madjdzadeh, 2012, 2013; Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh, 2016b), Ephedra major (Ephedraceae) (Mahdavi and Madjdzadeh, 2013), Ephedra sp. (Al Khatib et al., 2016). Eupelmus (Macroneura) vesicularis (Retzius, 1783) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh (2016b), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari (Samin and Farzaneh, 2016), East Azarbaijan (Mohammadi et al., 2011; Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh, 2016b), Guilan (Samin et al., 2019), West Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012; Mohammadi et al., 2012; Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh, 2016b), Iran (no specific locality) (Tavakoli et al., 2010). General distribution: Algeria, Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Caucasus, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Macedonia, Moldova, Morocco, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia,

Family Eupelmidae Walker, 1833

Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Diplolepis fructuum (Rübsaamen) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Rosa canina (Rosaceae) (Mohammadi et al., 2011, 2012; Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh, 2016b). Comments: The name Eupelmus vesicularis has been applied to five morphologically different species that have been consistently confused, of which only E. messene Walker and E. vladimiri Fusu were recorded from Iran by Fusu (2017). It is therefore likely that the records of E. vesicularis from Iran refer to one or both of these species, but all previously identified specimens from Iran need to be re-examined to confirm their identifications. Eupelmus (Eupelmus) vindex Erdős, 1955 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh (2016b). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh, 2016a,b). General distribution: Hungary, India, Italy, Romania. Eupelmus (Macroneura) vladimiri Fusu, 2017 Catalogues with Iranian records: Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz, West Azarbaijan (Fusu, 2017). General distribution: Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Greece, Iran, Montenegro, Turkey. Host records in Iran: Galls of Diplolepis sp. (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Rosa canina (Rosaceae) (Fusu, 2017). Eupelmus spp. Distribution in Iran: Khuzestan (Moravvej et al., 2016), Kordestan (Kamangar et al., 2017). Host records in Iran: Tortrix viridana L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (Kamangar et al., 2017). Genus Merostenus Walker, 1837 Merostenus (Merostenus) rostratus (Ruschka, 1921) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Iran (no specific locality) (Tavakoli et al., 2010, as Eupelmus rostratus Ruschka, 1921). General distribution: Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Montenegro, Romania, Spain. Comments: Fusu (2013) treated M. rostratus within the genus Reikosiella Yoshimoto (1969), subgenus Hirticauda Bouček (1988), but Gibson (2017) synonymized Reikosiella under Merostenus and the subgenus Hirticauda under the subgenus Merostenus.

219

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Species excluded from the fauna of Iran Genus Eupelmus Dalman, 1820 Eupelmus (Eupelmus) longicornis (Kalina, 1981) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Reported distribution in Iran: Kerman (Mehrnejad and Basirat, 2009). General distribution: Algeria. Host records reported in Iran: Kermania pistaciella Amsel (Lepidoptera: Tineidae) and Chelonus kermakiae (Tobias) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) (Mehrnejad and Basirat, 2009). Comments: Mehrnejad and Basirat (2009) recorded E. longicornis from Kerman but the specimens represented a new species that was described by Gibson and Fusu (2016) as E. (Eupelmus) mehrnejadi. Eupelmus macroneura Walker Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh (2016b). Reported distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh, 2016b). Comments: Eupelmus macroneura Walker is a nomen nudum and thus an invalid taxon, and is not included in Noyes (2019).

References Al Khatib, F., Fusu, L., Cruaud, A., Gibson, G., Borowiec, N. et al. (2015) Availability of eleven species names of Eupelmus (Hymenoptera, Eupelmidae) proposed in Al Khatib et al. (2014). ZooKeys 505, 137–145. Al Khatib, F., Cruaud, A., Fusu, L., Genson, G., Rasplus, J.-Y., Ris, N. and Delvare, G. (2016) Multilocus phylogeny and ecological differentiation of the ‘Eupelmus urozonus species group’ (Hymenoptera, Eupelmidae) in the WestPalaearctic. BMC Evolutionary Biology 16, article 13: 1–20. Anton, M. and Stojanova, A. (2015) Published data and new records to the fauna of Eupelmidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) in Bulgaria. ZooNotes 83, 1–11. Antov, M., Stoyanov, I., Stojanova, A. and Staykova, T. (2017) Genetic variability of species of the genus Eupelmus Dalman, 1820 (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) based on allozyme markers. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica Supplement 8, 17–23. Austin, A.D., Gibson, G.A.P. and Harvey, M.S. (1998) Synopsis of Australian Calymmochilus Masi (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae), description of a new Western Australian species associated with a pseudoscorpion, and review of pseudoscorpion parasites. Journal of Natural History 32, 329–350. Azizkhani, E., Rasulian, G.R., Kharazi-Pakdel, A., Sadeghi, S.E., Tavakoli, M. and Melika, G. (2005) Report of eight species of parasitoid wasps belonging to Chalcidoidea

220

from cynipid galls on oak trees. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 25, 79–80. Azizkhani, E., Sadeghi, S.E., Rasoulian, G.R., Omid, R., Moniri, V.R., Farashiani, M.E. and Salahi, A. (2008) Parasitoids associated with oak gall wasps in Lorestan province. Iranian Journal of Forest and Range Protection Research 5, 175–186 [in Persian, English summary]. Bayegan, Z.A., Lotfalizadeh, H., Zargaran, M.R. and Pouraiiouby, R. (2014) First report of Anastatus interruptus (Nikol’skay, 1952) (Hym.: Chalcidoidea, Eupelmidae) from Iran. Proceedings of the 21st Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 23–26 August 2014, Urmia University, p. 488. Bouček, Z. (1988) Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International, London, 832 pp. Daneshvar, S., Talebi, A.A. and Fathipour, Y. (2009) The wasps associated with seeds and galls of Rosa canina in Iran. Advances in Environmental Biology 3, 61–68. Fallahzadeh, M. Asadi, R. and Talebi, A.A. (2008) The first record of Anastatus (Anastatus) tenuipes (Hym.: Eupelmidae), a parasitoid of Blattella germanica (Blattaria: Blattellidae) in Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 28, 99–100. Farrar, N., Zamani, A.A., Naghadeh, N.M., Azizkhani, E. and Haghani, M. (2016) Natural enemies of Jujube lappet moth, Streblote siva (Lefebvre), and their parasitism rate in Bushehr. Proceedings of the 22nd Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 27–30 August 2016, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, p. 520. Fusu, L. (2008) The usefulness of chromosomes of parasitic wasps of the subfamily Eupelminae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae) for subfamily systematics. European Journal of Entomology 105, 823–828. Fusu, L. (2009) Romanian Eupelmidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea): new cytogenetic, faunistic and host records. North-Western Journal of Zoology 5, 307–320. Fusu, L. (2013) A revision of the Palaearctic species of Reikosiella (Hirticauda) (Hymenoptera, Eupelmidae). Zootaxa 3636(1), 1–34. Fusu, L. (2017) An integrative taxonomic study of European Eupelmus (Macroneura) (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae), with a molecular and cytogenetic analysis of Eupelmus (Macroneura) vesicularis: several species hiding under one name for 240 years. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society XX, 1–85. Fusu, L., Ebrahimi, E., Siebold, C. and Villemant, C. (2015) Revision of the Eupelmidae Walker, 1833 described by Jean Risbec. Part 1: the slide mounted specimens housed at the Muséum national d’histoire naturelle in Paris. Zoosystema 37, 457–480. Ghadirzadeh, L., Lotfalizadeh, H. and Kazemi, M.H. (2016) Brasema stenus (Bouček, 1968): a rare species in the Palaearctic region and new report from the Middle East. Biharean Biologist 10, 144–145.

Chapter 9

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Ghahari, H., Erdogan, O.C., Šedivý, J. and Ostovan, H. (2010a) Survey of the Ichneumonoidea and Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) parasitoids of Saturniidae (Lepidoptera) in Iran. Efflatounia 10, 1–6. Ghahari, H., Abd-Rabou, Sh., Sakenin, H., Hedqvist, K.J. and Ostovan, H. (2010b) A contribution to some Chalcidoidea wasps (Hymenoptera) from Iran. Journal of Biological Control 24, 17–21. Ghahari, H., Volkovitsh, M. and Bellamy, C.L. (2015) An annotated catalogue of the Buprestidae of Iran (Coleoptera: Buprestoidea). Zootaxa 3984, 1–141. Gibson, G.A.P. (1986) Mesothoracic skeletomusculature and mechanics of flight and jumping in Eupelminae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae). The Canadian Entomologist 118, 691–728. Gibson, G.A.P. (1989) Phylogeny and classification of Eupelmidae, with a revision of the world genera of Calosotinae and Metapelmatinae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 149, 1–121. Gibson, G.A.P. (1995) Parasitic wasps of the subfamily Eupelminae: classification and revision of world genera (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae). Memoirs on Entomology, International, Vol. 5. Associated Publishers, Gainesville, Florida, v + 421 pp. Gibson, G.A.P. (2006) Familia Eupelmidae. In: Hanson, P.E. and Gauld, I.D. (eds) Hymenoptera de la Región Neotropical. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, Vol. 77. AEI, Gainesville, Florida, pp. 374–380. Gibson, G.A.P. (2009) Description of three new genera and four new species of Neanastatinae (Hymenoptera, Eupelmidae) from Baltic amber, with discussion of their relationships to extant taxa. Zookeys 20, 175–214. Gibson, G.A.P. (2010) Calosota Curtis (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eupelmidae) – review of the New World and European fauna including revision of species from the West Indies and Central and North America. ZooKeys 55, 1–75. Gibson, G.A.P. (2011) The species of Eupelmus (Eupelmus) Dalman and Eupelmus (Episolindelia) Girault (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) in North America north of Mexico. Zootaxa 2951, 1–97. Gibson, G.A.P. (2017) Synonymy of Reikosiella Yoshimoto under Merostenus Walker (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae), with a checklist of world species and a revision of those species with brachypterus females. Zootaxa 4255, 1–65. Gibson, G.A.P. (2018) Revision of Lutnes Cameron (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae). Zootaxa 4415, 330–356. Gibson, G.A.P. and Fusu, L. (2016) Revision of the Palaearctic species of Eupelmus (Eupelmus) Dalman (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae). Zootaxa 4081, 1–331. Gibson, G.A.P., Huber, J.T. and Woolley, J.B. (1997) Annotated Keys to the Genera of Nearctic Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). NRC Press, Ottawa, 794 pp. Gibson, G.A.P., Dewhurst, C. and Makai, S. (2012) Nomenclatural changes in Anastatus Motschulsky and

Family Eupelmidae Walker, 1833

the description of Anastatus eurycanthae Gibson n. sp. (Eupelmidae: Eupelminae), an egg parasitoid of Eurycantha calcarata Lucas (Phasmida: Phasmatidae) from Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 3419, 53–61. Golestaneh, S.R., Sadeghii, S.E., Azizkhani, E. and Farrar, N. (2008) Oak cynipid gall wasps (Hym.: Cynipidae) and associated parasitoids on Persian oak, Quercus brantii in southern Zagros. Iranian Journal of Forest and Range Protection Research 6, 20–28 [in Persian, English summary]. Hashemi, S.M. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2014) Hymenopterous parasitoids of Oxystoma ochropus (Germar) (Curculionidae: Brentidae) in Ardabil province. Proceedings of the 21st Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 23–26 August 2014, Urmia University, p. 728. Heraty, J.M., Burks, R.A., Cruaud, A., Gibson, G.A.P., Liljeblad, J. et al. (2013) A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Cladistics 29, 466–542. Hesami, S., Yefremova, Z., Ebrahimi, E. and Ostovan, H. (2006) Little known and new species of Eulophidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) from Iran. Entomofauna 27, 393–402. Hesami, S., Gheibi, M., Behzadi, M.R. and Seyedebrahimi, S. (2010) Rose gall wasp, Diplolepis rosae (Hym., Cynipidae) and its associated wasps in Iran. Proceedings of IX European Congress of Entomology, 22–27 August 2010, Budapest, Hungary, p. 228. Iranipour, Sh. (1996) A study on population fluctuation of the egg parasitoids of Eurygaster integriceps Put. (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae) in Karadj, Kamalabd and Fashand. MSc thesis of Entomology, University of Tehran [in Persian, English summary]. Iranipour, Sh., Kharrazi Pakdel, A. and Radjabi, Gh. (1998) Introduction of a chalcid species from Eupelmidae for Iran. Proceedings of the 13th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 23–27 August 1998, Karaj Junior College of Agriculture, p. 5. Kalina, V. (1981a) The Palaearctic species of the genus Anastatus Motschulsky, 1860 (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eupelmidae) with descriptions of new species. Silvaecultura Tropica et Subtropica 8, 3–25. Kalina, V. (1981b) The Palaearctic species of the genus Macroneura Walker, 1837 (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eupelmidae), with descriptions of new species. Sbornik. Vedeckeho Lesnickeho Ustavu Vysoke Skoly Zemedelske v Praze 24, 83–111. Kalina, V. (1988) Descriptions of new Palearctic species of the genus Eupelmus Dalman with a key to species (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eupelmidae). Silvaecultura Tropica et Subtropica 12, 1–33. Kamangar, S., Lotfalizadeh, H., Mohammadi-Khoramabadi, A. and Seyedi-Sahebari, F. (2017) Parasitoids of Tortrix viridana L. in Kurdistan province. Iranian Journal of Forest and Range Protection Research 15, 176–186 [in Persian, English summary]. Lotfalizadeh, H. and Ghadirzadeh, L. (2016a) New records of one genus and four species of the family Eupelmidae

221

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

(Hym.: Chalcidoidea) from Iran. Proceedings of the 22nd Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 27–30 August 2016, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, p. 413. Lotfalizadeh, H. and Ghadirzadeh, L. (2016b) Review of Iranian Eupelmidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), with five new records. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 2, 181–192. Lotfalizadeh, H. and Hashemi, S.M. (2015) Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of the seed eater weevil, Oxystoma ochropus (Germar) (Coleoptera: Apionidae) in northwestern Iran. Acta Entomologica Serbica 20, 145–150. Lotfalizadeh, H. and Khalghani, J. (2008) Hymenopterous parasitoids (Hym.: Chalcidoidea) of xylophagus beetles in Iran. Entomofauna 19, 249–264. Lotfalizadeh, H. and Parsa, M. (2018) On the occurrence of Anastatus catalonicus Bolivar y Pieltain (Hym.: Chalcidoidea, Eupelmidae) in the East-Palaearctic. Proceedings of the 23rd Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 27–30 August 2018, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, p. 892. Lotfalizadeh, H., Rasplus J.-Y. and Delvare, G. (2006) Rose gall wasps and their associated fauna (Hymenoptera) in Iran. Redia 139, 73–85. Lotfalizadeh, H., Rajabi, M. and Madjdzadeh, S.M. (2012) Parasitoid community of Diplolepis fructuum (Rübsaamen) (Hym.: Cynipidae) in Kerman province, with checklist of associated Hymenoptera fauna in Iran. North-Western Journal of Zoology 8, 125–131. Lotfalizadeh, H., Bayegan, Z.A. and Zargaran, M.R. (2016) Species diversity of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) in the rice fields of Iran. Journal of the Entomological Research Society 18, 99–111. Mahdavi, M. and Madjdzadeh, S.M. (2012) First record of the Eupelmus martellii (Masi, 1941) (Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae) from Iran with systematic notes. Proceedings of the 17th National and 5th International Iranian Biology Conference, Kerman, 4 pp. [in Persian, English summary]. Mahdavi, M. and Madjdzadeh, S.M. (2013) Contribution to the knowledge of Chalcidoidea (Pteromalidae and Eupelmidae) of Iran. North-Western Journal of Zoology 9, 94–98. Mehrnejad, M.R. (2008) The primary and secondary parasitoids of the pistachio twig borer moth, Kermania pistaciella Amsel (I). Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 76, 158–159 [in Persian, English summary]. Mehrnejad, M.R. and Basirat, M. (2009) Parasitoid complex of the pistachio twig borer moth, Kermania pistaciella, in Iran. Biocontrol Science and Technology 19, 499–510. Modarres Awal, M. (1997) Family Eupelmidae. In: Modarres Awal, M. (ed.) List of Agricultural Pests and their Natural Enemies in Iran. 2nd edn. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, Iran, p. 273. Modarres Awal, M. (2012) Family Eupelmidae. In: Modarres Awal, M. (ed.) List of Agricultural Pests and their Natural 222

Enemies in Iran. 3rd edn. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, Iran, p. 502. Mohammadi, R., Lotfalizadeh, H. and Pashaii-Rad, S. (2011) Hymenopterous parasitoids associated with rose gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) at the north of West-Azerbaijan province: Composition of species and their seasonal changes. Journal of Crop Field Entomology 1, 17–30 [in Persian, English summary]. Mohammadi, R., Lotfalizadeh, H. and Pashaii-Rad, S. (2012) First report of two brachypterous species of Euplemus (Hym.: Chalcidoidea, Eupelmidae) from Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 79, 275–276. Moravvej, S.A., Shishehbor, P. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2016) A checklist of Chalcidoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Khuzestan in southwestern Iran. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 2, 121–142. Munro, J.B., Heraty, J.M., Burks, R.A., Hawks, D., Mottern, J. et al. (2011) A molecular phylogeny of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). PLoS ONE 6, e27023. Nazemi-Rafie, J., Talebi, A.A., Sadeghi, E. and Melika, G. (2007) Parasitoids (Hym., Chalcidoidea) reared from oak gall wasps (Hym., Cynipidae) in west of Iran, with five new species records. Journal of the Entomological Research Society 9, 43–56. Nikol’skaya, M.N. (1952) The Chalcid Fauna of the USSR (Chalcidoidea). No. 44 in series Opredeliteli po Faune SSR [Keys to the Fauna of the USSR]. Zoologicheskim Institutom Akademii Nauk SSSR [Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR], Moscow and Leningrad, 575 pp. [in Russian] [English translation (1963), Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, 593 pp.] Noyes, J.S. (2019) Universal Chalcidoidea Database. Available at: www.nhm.ac.uk/chalcidoids (accessed December 2019). OILB (1971) Liste d’identification des Entomophages 8. Organisation Internationale de Lutte Biologique, Geneva, 64 pp. Radjabi, Gh. (1991) Insects Attacking Rosaceous Fruit Trees in Iran. First vol., Coleoptera. 2nd edn. Plant Pests and Disease Research Institute Publication, 221 pp. [in Persian]. Rakhshani, E., Talebi A.A., Sadeghi, E., Ebrahimi, E. and Thuróczy, C. (2003) Report of five wasps species associated with dog rose galls in Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 23, 107–108. Sadeghi, S.E., Yarmand, H., Zamani, S.M., Ali, B., Zeinaly, S. et al. (2009) Insects associated with forest communities and poplar plantations in Iran. In: Kharazipour, A.R., Schopper, C., Muller, C. and Euring, M. (eds) Review of Forests, Wood Products and Wood Biotechnology of Iran and Germany. Part III. Universitatsverlag Gottingen, Gottingen, pp. 265–283. Sakenin Chelav, H., Samin, N.S.N., Shaaban Abd-Rabou, M., Gençer, L. and Naderian, H. (2018) A faunistic study on Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) of Iran. Natura Somogyiensis 32, 11–20. Chapter 9

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Samin, N. and Farzaneh, M.H. (2016) A faunistic study on some families of Hymenoptera from Iran. Wuyi Science Journal 32, 44–51. Samin, N., Ruíz Cancino, E., Myartseva, S., Trjapitzin, V.A., Gençer, L. and Sakenin, H. (2019) A faunistic study of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) from Guilan province and adjacent areas, northern Iran. Entomofauna 40, 47–58. Shojai, M. (1998) Entomology (Ethology Social Life and Natural Enemies) (Biological Control). 3rd vol., 3rd edn. University of Tehran Publication, Tehran, Iran, 550 pp. [in Persian]. Tavakoli, M., Melika, G., Sadeghi, S.E., Askew, R.R., Stone, G.N. et al. (2010) Parasitoid communities (Chalcidoidea)

Family Eupelmidae Walker, 1833

of oak gall wasps of Iran (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Proceedings of the 7th International Congress of Hymenopterists, 20–26 June 2010, Köszeg, Hungary, pp. 115–116. Trjapitzin, V.A. (1978) Family Eupelmidae (Eupelmids). In: Medvedev, G.S. (ed.) Opredeliteli Nasekomykh Evropeyskoy Chasti SSR [Keys to the Insects of the European part of the USSR] Vol. 3, Hymenoptera, Part II. Nauka Publisher, Leningrad, pp. 228–236 [in Russian] [translated into English, pp. 411–427]. Yoshimoto, C.M. (1969) Description of a new genus of Eupelminae from Hawaii with remarks on its biology (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Pacific Insects 11, 627–632.

223

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

 

 

Eurytoma laserpitii Mayr, 1878 – ♀ (Eurytomidae) [photo courtesy of I.E. Popescu]

Sycophila biguttata (Swederus, 1795) – ♀ (Eurytomidae) [photo courtesy of I.E. Popescu]

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

10

Family Eurytomidae Walker, 1832 Marina D. Zerova, Hassan Ghahari, Victor N. Fursov, Gary A.P. Gibson and Mikdat Doğanlar

Eurytomidae consists of 1600 extant and three fossil species in 73 genera (Introduction, Table I.1). The family is distributed throughout all zoogeographical regions of the world (Shorthouse et al., 2005; Çam, 2012), but with the highest species diversity in tropical regions (Stojanova et al., 2012). The species have been classified in a variable number of subfamilies, with some authors (e.g. Lotfalizadeh et al., 2007b; Saghaei et al., 2018; Noyes, 2019) recognizing three subfamilies: Eurytominae Walker, Heimbrinae Burks, 1971, and Rileyinae Ashmead. However, different authors have recognized several other subfamilies in different combinations, including Aximinae Cameron, Buresiinae Bouček, Eudecatominae Claridge, Harmolitinae Ferrière, Isosominae Ashmead, Philoleminae Burks and Prodecatominae Burks. Recent phylogenetic analyses have supported Eurytomidae as a monophyletic group (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2007b; Heraty et al., 2013), and the combined morphology and molecular analyses of Heraty et al. (2013) led them to recognize four subfamilies: Buresiinae, Eurytominae, Heimbrinae and Rileyinae. Lotfalizadeh et al. (2007b) and Zhang et al. (2017) suggested that the family exhibits a gradual and mosaic evolutionary pattern and that there is a high level of homoplasy within the subfamily Eurytominae. Eurytominae is the largest and the least studied subfamily (Stage and Snelling, 1986) and includes the polyphyletic genus Eurytoma Illiger, in which over half of the species of Eurytomidae are classified (Chen et al., 2004; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2007b). Because of the historical volatility and uncertainty regarding subfamilial classification of Eurytomidae we prefer to follow the classification of Zerova (2018, 2019) and in our checklist we recognize four subfamilies: Eudecatominae, Eurytominae, Harmolitinae and Rileyinae. Members of Eurytomidae are about 1.4–6.0 mm in length and are characterized by the following characters: pronotum large, quadrate; mesoscutum with deep and complete notauli; head and mesosoma

often strongly sculptured with piliferous punctures, though sometimes quite finely sculptured, and yellow to black without metallic lustre, at least in regional species. Further, the propodeum usually is depressed medially or has a longitudinal channel, the metasoma of females is laterally compressed, and many eurytomids have 13 antennal segments (Zerova and Seryogina, 1994; Gibson et al., 1999; Çam, 2011, 2012). Members of Eurytomidae are most likely to be confused with Pteromalidae, but pteromalids do not have the above combination of characters, including females having a depressed or wider than high metasoma. As for many other parasitic wasps, species identification is difficult due to their small body size, high level of intraspecific morphological diversity and convergence of morphological traits (Gebiola et al., 2012; Zhang, 2012; Heraty et al., 2013), in particular species of the genera Eurytoma and Tetramesa Walker (Zerova, 2018, 2019). In most cases, accurate identification is also impeded by inadequate species descriptions that do not include figures of diagnostic features, and keys that are difficult to use (Narendran, 1994; Zerova, 2010; Zhang et al., 2017). Species of Eurytomidae are associated with many communities of phytophagous insects (Gates, 2008; Zhang et al., 2017), many being phytophagous (gall inducers, inquilines or seed feeders) and causing different types of injury to plants (Zerova and Fursov, 1991; Zerova and Seryogina, 1994), others being entomophagous, including parasitoids of a wide range of insect hosts in the orders Coleoptera, Diptera (mainly Cecidomyiidae), Hymenoptera (Aculeata) and Lepidoptera, and even some being recorded from spider (Araneae) and cicada (Hemiptera) eggs (Çam, 2012; Zhang, 2012). Due to their diverse feeding habits some species have a high economic importance, either as pest species of cultivated plants or as beneficial species used as biological control agents of agricultural pests and weeds (Zerova, 1995; Mena-Correa et al., 2010). Some parasitic

© CAB International 2021. Chalcidoidea of Iran (Insecta: Hymenoptera) (eds. H. Ghahari, G.A.P. Gibson and G. Viggiani). DOI: 10.1079/9781789248463.0010

225

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

species are known regulators of populations of many endophytous insects, mainly gall-formers (Zerova, 2019). Additionally, some phytophagous species have been used as biological control agents of weeds. For example, biological control programmes against Acacia spp. (Fabaceae), by the application of Bruchophagus acaciae (Cameron), have been initiated in Australia (Hill et al., 2000) and against the weed Bryophyllum delagoense (Crassulaceae) by Eurytoma bryophylli Neser in Madagascar (Neser, 2008). The majority of the phytophagous species of Eurytomidae, in the genera Eurytoma, Bruchophagus Ashmead, Systole Walker, Tetramesa, Cathilaria Burks, 1971, and Aiolomorphus, Walker, 1871, are seed-feeding and stem-feeding inside plants of Poaceae. Most important for applied biocontrol programmes are Bruchophagus species, which develop inside seeds of Fabaceae, and Systole species, which develop in seeds of Apiaceae. Most of the entomophagous species are primary parasitoids of hosts in concealed situations, such as in stems, galls and other plant tissues, though three Palaearctic species of Eurytoma are known as secondary parasitoids in cocoons of Braconidae (Hymenoptera), which are entomophagous in their primary hosts (Zerova, 2019). The correct identification of genera and species is facilitated by having correct and exact data on their biology, because many species of the family are monophagous or narrowly oligophagous, apart from Eurytoma, which contains both parasitic and phytophagous species, though parasitoids predominate (Zerova, 2019). Zerova (2017) provided information about hosts and distribution of the Palaearctic genera of Eurytomidae. The first checklist of Iranian Eurytomidae was by Farahbakhsh (1961), who included three species: Eurytoma amygdali Enderlein, Eurytoma plotnikovi Nikol’skaya, and Tetramesa maderae (Walker) (as Harmolita aptera Portschinsky, 1881). Modarres Awal (1997) subsequently listed ten species in three genera: Bruchophagus, Eurytoma and Harmolita Motschulsky, 1863 (= Tetramesa). Stojanova and Ghahari (2009) recorded 37 species in six genera, whereas Fallahzadeh et al. (2009) recorded 43 species in seven genera, and Modarres Awal (2012) recorded 24 species in six genera, but without attention to all published records. Finally, Saghaei et al. (2018) listed 89 species in eight genera for the fauna of Iran. Saghaei et al. (2018), based on Noyes (2019), wrongly transferred three species of Eurytoma (E. augasmae Zerova, E. collina Zerova and E. ghazvini Zerova) to Aximopsis Ashmead, 1904. However, these three species were originally described in

226

Eurytoma, within the robusta species group, and were also included in the robusta group of Eurytoma by Zerova (2010). The robusta group is the largest species group recognized in Eurytoma, with 59 Palaearctic species. The main features of species belonging to the robusta species group are presence of a mesosternal shelf, eye orbit with border, and marginal vein of fore wing usually shorter than postmarginal vein. These features are not possessed by species of Aximopsis. Further, some features characteristic of Aximopsis, such as coarse sculpture of the thorax, with keels and spurs, are not characteristic of the three species transferred to Aximopsis by Saghaei et al. (2018) (Zerova, 2018, 2019). It may be necessary to examine all species of the robusta group and compare them with all Aximopsis species to determine whether Aximopsis is synonymous with Eurytoma. Based on our checklist, the fauna of Iranian Eurytomidae consists of 127 species (~7.9% of the world species1) following our inclusion of two newly recorded species of Eurytoma (E. aspila (Walker) and E. mayri Ashmead (Eurytominae)) and exclusion of a single species (Table 21.2); 13 of the recorded species are currently considered as endemic to Iran (Table 21.3). The species are classified in eight genera in four subfamilies: Eudecatominae (eight species in Sycophila Walker), Eurytominae (103 species in five genera), Harmolitinae (15 species in Tetramesa) and Rileyinae (one species in Archirileya Silvestri). Within Eurytominae, the most speciose genus is Eurytoma, with 61 recorded species, followed by Bruchophagus (26 species), Systole (12 species) and Exeurytoma Burks and Nikanoria Nikol’skaya (both with two species). Species of Eurytomidae have been recorded from all but four provinces (Table 21.4), though there are also six species for which distribution, other than just ‘Iran’, is unknown: Eurytoma goidanichi Bouček, Eurytoma pseudocynipsea Zerova, Sycophila iracemae Nieves-Aldrey, Systole albipennis Walker, Systole coriandri Gussakovsky and Systole foeniculi Otten. Recorded species diversity is highest in East Azarbaijan (35 species), followed by West Azarbaijan (22 species) and Lorestan and Kerman (both with 19 species) (Fig. 10.1). Many species of Eurytomidae are pests of agricultural plants in Iran as, for example, the almond seed wasp, Eurytoma amygdali Enderlein, which damages the seeds of almond (Amygdalus sp.) (Rosaceae) (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2008c). Moniri et al. (2012) also stated that seeds of the important pasture plants, Medicago sativa L. and Lotus cornicu-

Chapter 10

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

40

35

Number of species

35 30 25

19

20

14

15 10 5

22

19 14 7

4

5 5

12

9

7

6

1

18

17

15

4

2

3

4 5 5

3 4 4

Ku

hg

ilo

ye h N & L Gu or Bo o ila th y re n er er st n ah an Kh m or ad R M Ke asa az az r n av an ma i K da n h r Kh ora an uz sa es n ta Fa n W I es G sfa rs h Ea t A ole an st zar sta C Az ba n ha ar ija ha ba n rm Te ijan ah al B hra & us n Ba he kh hr Ar tiar H d i am ab il M ada ar n k Q azi az Za vin nj a So Ila n ut he Y m rn A az Kh lb d o Ko ora rz rd san e Se sta m n na n

0

Provinces of Iran Fig. 10.1.  Number of reported species of Iranian Eurytomidae by province.

latus L. (Fabaceae), are highly infested by eurytomids in pastures of most regions of Iran. In Iran, a total of 16 species of Eurytoma (E. augasmae Zerova, E. aciculata Ratzeburg, E. acroptilae Zerova, E. arctica Thomson, E. compressa (Fabricius), E. curculionum Mayr, E. ghazvini Zerova, E. ghilarovi Zerova, E. iranica Narendran and Lotfalizadeh, E. laserpitii Mayr, E. morio Boheman, E. scrophulariae Zerova, E. strigifrons Thomson, E. trypeticola Zerova, E. turkestanica Zerova and Fursov, and E. ussuriensis Zerova) are parasitoids of agricultural pests in the orders Coleoptera (five species in Curculionidae, two species in both of Chrysomelidae and Cerambycidae, and one species in both of Bostrichidae and Brentidae), Diptera (four species in Tephritidae), Hemiptera (one species in Coccidae), and Lepidoptera (one species in Pyralidae). Additionally, 53 species are phytophagous and pests of different host plant families (Apiaceae, Asphodelaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Poaceae and Polygonaceae), 20 species have associations with galls of Cynipidae (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea) and host associations are unknown for the rest of the species. Comparison of the eurytomid fauna with adjacent countries (Table 21.5) indicates that the fauna of Iran (127 species) is most diverse, followed by Turkey (98 species), Russia (74 species), Kazakhstan (60 species), Turkmenistan (33 species), Iraq (11 species), Azerbaijan (10 species), Armenia (nine species),

Family Eurytomidae Walker, 1832

Afghanistan and United Arab Emirates (both with four species) and Pakistan and Saudi Arabia (both with two species). No species have been recorded from Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman or Qatar (Noyes, 2019). However, 150 eurytomid species were reported from the former USSR, indicating that the fauna was relatively well studied, though several species were recorded without indication of exact region within this large area (Zerova, 1995, 2010). Of the countries adjacent to Iran, Turkey shares the highest number of known species with Iran (58 species), followed by Kazakhstan and Russia (both with 25 species), Turkmenistan (17 species), Azerbaijan (seven species), Iraq (six species), Armenia (four species) and Afghanistan (two species).

Checklist of Iranian EURYTOMIDAE Walker, 1832 Subfamily Eudecatominae Claridge, 1969 Genus Sycophila Walker, 1871 Sycophila biguttata (Swederus, 1795) Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Saghaei et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2006; Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2007), Ilam (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2007), Kerman

227

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

(Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012), Kermanshah, Kordestan (Nazemi-Rafie et al., 2007), Lorestan (Azizkhani et al., 2005, 2008; Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2007, Lotfalizadeh et al., 2008a; Modarres Awal, 2012), Mazandaran (Ghahari et al., 2010, as Eudecatoma biguttata (Swederus, 1795)), Tehran (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2006), West Azarbaijan (Zargaran et al., 2008, Mohammadi et al., 2011; Modarres Awal, 2012), Iran (no specific locality) (Tavakoli et al., 2010). General distribution: Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Caucasus, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Cynipidae wasps on two species of oak trees, Quercus brantii and Quercus infectoria (Fagaceae) (Azizkhani et al., 2005), galls of Diplolepis fructuum (Rübsaamen) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Rosa canina (Rosaceae) (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2006), Dryocosmus israeli (Sternlicht) on Quercus brantii, Diplolepis fructuum on Rosa canina, Andricus grossulariae Giraudon on Quercus brantii (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2007), Dryocosmus israeli on Quercus brantii (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2007), Andricus cecconii Kieffer on Quercus brantii (Nazemi-Rafie et al., 2007), galls of Andricus stonei Melika, Tavakoli and Sadeghi on Quercus infectoria, Andricus askewi Melika and Stone on Quercus infectoria, Andricus pseudoaries Melika, Stone, Sadeghi on Quercus infectoria, Dryocosmus mikoi Melika, Tavakoli, Stone and Azizkhani on Quercus brantii and Quercus infectoria, Andricus megalucidus Melika, Stone, Sadeghi and PujadeVillar on Quercus infectoria, Andricus grossulariae on Quercus infectoria, Andricus moreae (Graeffe) (Graeffe, 1905) on Quercus infectoria, Andricus truncicolus (Giraud) on Quercus infectoria and Quercus brantii (Nazemi-Rafie et al., 2007), Andricus grossulariae on Quercus brantii (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2008a; Modarres Awal, 2012), Andricus askewi and Andricus megalucidus on Quercus infectoria, Andricus grossulariae on Quercus brantii, Neuroterus saliens (Kollar) on Quercus brantii (Zargaran et al., 2008), Andricus aestivalis Giraud on Quercus brantii, Andricus mediterranea (Trotter) on Quercus infectoria (Azizkhani et al., 2008), Andricus

228

grossulariae on Quercus brantii (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2007; Azizkhani et al., 2008; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2008a), Andricus lucidus (Hartig) on Quercus infectoria (Nazemi-Rafie et al., 2007; Azizkhani et al., 2008), Dryocosmus israeli, Neuroterus lanuginosus (Giraud) on Quercus brantii (Azizkhani et al., 2008; Sadeghi et al., 2009), Andricus askewi, Andricus caputmedusae (Hartig), Andricus cecconii Kieffer, Andricus curtisii (Müller), Andricus galeatus (Giraud), Andricus grossulariae, Andricus Müller (Hartig), Andricus megatruncicolus Melika, Stone, Sadeghi and Pujade-Villar, 2004, Andricus moreae (Graeffe), Andricus polycerus (Giraud), Andricus pseudoaries, Andricus quercustozae (Bosc), Andricus schoenroggei Melika and Stone, Andricus sternlichti Bellido, Pujade-Villar and Melika, Andricus stonei Melika, Tavakoli and Sadeghi, Andricus tomentosus (Trotter), Biorhiza pallida L., Cynips quercus (Fourcroy), Cynips quercusfolii (L.), Dryocosmus mikoi, Neuroterus saliens (Kollar) and Pseudoneuroterus macropterus (Hartig), all on Quercus spp. (Sadeghi et al., 2009), Diplolepis fructuum (Rübsaamen, 1882) on Rosa beggeriana (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012), Andricus aries (Giraud) and Neuroterus saliens (Kollar) on Quercus sp. (Modarres Awal, 2012). Sycophila binotata (Fonscolombe, 1832) Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Saghaei et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2007). General distribution: Bulgaria, Croatia, France, Greece, Iran, Italy, Montenegro, Spain, United Kingdom, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Galls of Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) on Quercus brantii (Fagaceae) (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2007). Sycophila flavicollis (Walker, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Saghaei et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Kordestan (Nazemi-Rafie et al., 2007), Iran (no specific locality) (Tavakoli et al., 2010). General distribution: Andorra, Austria, Bulgaria, Caucasus, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Montenegro,

Chapter 10

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Andricus lucidus (Hartig) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Quercus infectoria (Fagaceae) (Nazemi-Rafie et al., 2007, Sadeghi et al., 2009) and Cynips korsakovi Belizin (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on oak trees, Quercus spp. (Sadeghi et al., 2009). Sycophila iracemae Nieves-Aldrey, 1984 Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Saghaei et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Iran (no specific locality) (Askew et al., 2006b; Tavakoli et al., 2010). General distribution: France, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Spain, Turkey. Host records in Iran: Galls of Cynips quercusfolii (L.) and Dryocosmus israeli (Sternlicht) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Quercus spp. (Fagaceae) (Sadeghi et al., 2009). Sycophila mellea (Curtis, 1831) Catalogues with Iranian records: Saghaei et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan, Golestan, Mazandaran (Lotfalizadeh, 2008), Guilan (Samin and Farzaneh, 2016). General distribution: Bulgaria, Canada, Caucasus, Croatia, France, Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR. Sycophila pistacina (Rondani, 1872) Catalogues with Iranian records: Saghaei et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Northwestern Iran (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2012), Iran (no specific locality) (Sadeghi et al., 2009; Tavakoli et al., 2010). General distribution: France, Italy, Spain. Host records in Iran: Galls of Neuroterus lanuginosus (Giraud) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Quercus sp. (Fagaceae) (Sadeghi et al., 2009). Sycophila submutica (Thomson, 1875) Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Saghaei et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Ilam (Gharali and Zerova, 2004b, as Eudecatoma submutica (Thomson, 1876); Melika and Gharaei, 2006; Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2007, 2014; Modarres Awal, 2012, as E. submutica).

Family Eurytomidae Walker, 1832

General distribution: Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Caucasus, Croatia, former Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Romania, Serbia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Isocolus tinctorius Melika and Gharaei (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Carthamus tinctorius (Asteraceae) (Gharali and Zerova, 2004b; Melika and Gharali, 2006; Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2007, 2014; Modarres Awal, 2012) and Neuroterus lanuginosus (Giraud) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Quercus sp. (Fagaceae) (Sadeghi et al., 2009). Sycophila variegata (Curtis, 1831) Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Saghaei et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars, Khuzestan (Golestaneh et al., 2008), Ilam (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2007), Lorestan (Azizkhani et al., 2005, 2008; Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2007; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2008a; Modarres Awal, 2012), West Azarbaijan (Zargaran et al., 2008; Modarres Awal, 2012), Iran (no specific locality) (Tavakoli et al., 2010). General distribution: Andorra, Austria, Bulgaria, Caucasus, China, Croatia, France, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Netherlands, Romania, Slovakia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Cynipid wasps on two species of oak trees, Quercus brantii and Quercus infectoria (Fagaceae) (Azizkhani et al., 2005), Dryocosmus israeli (Sternlicht) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Quercus brantii (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2007; Azizkhani et al., 2008; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2008a; Sadeghi et al., 2009), galls of Aphelonyx persica Melika, Stone, Sadeghy and Pujade-Villar, Dryocosmus israeli, Neuroterus lanuginosus (Giraud) and Neuroterus saliens (Kollar) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Quercus brantii (Golestaneh et al., 2008), galls of Andricus cecconii Kieffer, Andricus moreae (Graeffe), Dryocosmus israeli, Dryocosmus mikoi Melika, Tavakoli, Stone and Azizkhani, Neuroterus lanuginosus, Neuroterus saliens and Pseudoneuroterus macropterus (Hartig) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Quercus spp. (Sadeghi et al., 2009), Andricus lucidus (Hartig), Andricus tomentosus (Trotter) on Quercus infectoria (Azizkhani et al., 2008;

229

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Sadeghi et al., 2009), Andricus grossulariae Giraud, Andricus multiplicatus Giraud on Quercus brantii (Azizkhani et al., 2008; Sadeghi et al., 2009), Neuroterus saliens on Quercus brantii (Azizkhani et al., 2008; Zargaran et al., 2008; Sadeghi et al., 2009; Modarres Awal, 2012). Subfamily Eurytominae Walker, 1832 Genus Bruchophagus Ashmead, 1888 Bruchophagus abnormis Zerova, 1984 Catalogues with Iranian records: Saghaei et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari (Haghighian et al., 2011), Hamadan, Lorestan (Alsendi et al., 2019), Qazvin (Lotfalizadeh and Zarnegar, 2014a). General distribution: Kazakhstan. Host records in Iran: Seeds of Prangos ferulacea (Apiaceae), Rumex ponticus (Polygonaceae) (Haghighian et al., 2011), Astragalus avicennus (as Astragalus avisinus), Astragalus gutatus (Fabaceae) (Lotfalizadeh and Zarnegar, 2014a), Astragalus angustiflorus, Astragalus vegetus, Glycyrhiza glabra (Fabaceae), Pimpinella deveroides (Apiaceae), Salvia ceratophylla (Lamiaceae) (Alsendi et al., 2019). Bruchophagus astragali Fedoseeva, 1954 Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Saghaei et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari (Haghighian, 2004; Haghighian and Sadeghi, 2010; Modarres Awal, 2012), East Azarbaijan (Naghizadeh et al., 2018), Hamadan (Alsendi et al., 2019), Northern Khorasan (Kalantary et al., 2017, 2019), Qazvin (Lotfalizadeh and Zarnegar, 2014a), Qom (Parsa et al., 2018), West Azarbaijan (Zerova et al., 2008). General distribution: Bulgaria, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Romania, Russia, Sweden, Turkey, Turkmenistan, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Seeds of Astragalus sp., Coronilla sp., Onobrychis sp. Medicago sp., Lotus sp., Vicia sp. (Fabaceae) (Haghighian, 2004), Astragalus chrysostachys (Zerova et al., 2008), Oxytropis immersa (Fabaceae) (Lotfalizadeh and Zarnegar, 2014a), Fabaceae (Kalantary et al., 2017, 2019), Astragalus brachyodontus (Lotfalizadeh and Zarnegar, 2014a; Parsa et al., 2018), Astragalus

230

compylorrhynchus, Astragalus oxyglottis (Parsa et al., 2018), Astragalus iranicus (Naghizadeh et al., 2018; Parsa et al., 2018), Astragalus alyssoides, Astragalus onobrychiodes, Astragalus podocarpus (Naghizadeh et al., 2018), Astragalus angustiflorus, Astragalus echinops, Glycyrrhiza glabra (Fabaceae) (Alsendi et al., 2019). Comments: Tetrastichus sp. (Eulophidae) was recorded as a larval parasitoid of B. astragali by Haghighian and Sadeghi (2010). Bruchophagus ayadi Zerova and Fursov, 2019 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Lorestan (Zerova et al., 2019b). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Host records in Iran: Melilotus officinalis (Fabaceae) (Zerova et al., 2019b). Bruchophagus caucasicus Zerova, 1992 Catalogues with Iranian records: Saghaei et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Bushehr (Alizadeh et al., 2020), Northern Khorasan (Kalantary et al., 2017, 2019). General distribution: France, Georgia, Kirgizia. Host records in Iran: Fabaceae (Kalantary et al., 2017, 2019), Astragalus meridonalis (Fabaceae) (Alizadeh et al., 2020). Bruchophagus coluteae (Bouček, 1954) Catalogues with Iranian records: Saghaei et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Naghizadeh et al., 2018), Golestan (Ghahari et al., 2016), Lorestan (Alsendi et al., 2019). General distribution: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Moldova, Turkey, former USSR, Uzbekistan. Host records in Iran: Chardinia orientalis (Asteraceae) (Naghizadeh et al., 2018). Bruchophagus coronillae Erdelyi and Szelenyi, 1975 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Hamadan (Alsendi et al., 2019). General distribution: Hungary, Turkey. Host records in Iran: Coronilla varia and Coronilla orientalis (Fabaceae) (Alsendi et al., 2019). Bruchophagus dahuricus Zerova, 1992 Catalogues with Iranian records: Saghaei et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Northern Khorasan (Kalantary et al., 2017, 2019), Qazvin (Lotfalizadeh and Zarnegar, 2014a), Qom (Parsa et al., 2018). General distribution: Russia.

Chapter 10

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Host records in Iran: Oxytropis immersa and Astragalus brachydontus (Fabaceae) (Lotfalizadeh and Zarnegar, 2014a), Fabaceae (Kalantary et al., 2017, 2019), Dorema ammoniacum (Apiaceae) (Parsa et al., 2018). Bruchophagus desertus (Zerova, 1994) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Hamadan (Alsendi et al., 2019). General distribution: Turkmenistan. Host records in Iran: Astragalus angustiflorus (Fabaceae) (Alsendi et al., 2019). Bruchophagus evolans Szelényi, 1961 Catalogues with Iranian records: Saghaei et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Bushehr, Hamadan (Alsendi et al., 2019), East Azarbaijan (Naghizadeh et al., 2018), Northern Khorasan (Kalantary et al., 2017, 2019). General distribution: Hungary. Host records in Iran: Fabaceae (Kalantary et al., 2017, 2019), Medicago sativa (Fabaceae) (Naghizadeh et al., 2018; Alsendi et al., 2019). Bruchophagus gibbus (Boheman, 1836) Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Saghaei et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Naghizadeh et al., 2018), Hamadan (Alsendi et al., 2019), Khuzestan (Eslamizadeh and Ebrahimi, 2002; Eslamizadeh et al., 2008a,b; Modarres Awal, 2012; Moravvej et al., 2016), Northern Khorasan (Kalantary et al., 2017, 2019), Qazvin (Lotfalizadeh and Zarnegar, 2014a), Qom (Parsa et al., 2018). General distribution: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Canada, Caucasus, Chile, China, Finland, Germany, Hungary, India, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Netherlands, New Zealand, Peru, Romania, Russia, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Seeds of alfalfa (Medicago sativa – Fabaceae) (Eslamizadeh and Ebrahimi, 2002; Eslamizadeh et al., 2008a,b; Modarres Awal, 2012), Astragalus brachydontus, Astragalus gutatus (Fabaceae), Zosima absinthifolia (Apiaceae) (Lotfalizadeh and Zarnegar, 2014a), Fabaceae (Kalantary et al., 2017, 2019), Dorema ammoniacum (Apiaceae) (Fabaceae) (Parsa et al., 2018), Lotus corniculatus (Fabaceae) (Naghizadeh et al., 2018), Trifolium pratense (Fabaceae) (Naghizadeh

Family Eurytomidae Walker, 1832

et al., 2018; Parsa et al., 2018), Astragalus angustiflorus, Astragalus vegetus and Trigonella pratense (Alsendi et al., 2019). Bruchophagus glycyrrhizae (Nikol’skaya, 1952) Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Saghaei et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Hamadan (Alsendi et al., 2019), Qazvin (Arbab et al., 2004; Modarres Awal, 2012; Alizadeh et al., 2020). General distribution: India, Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Seeds of Glycyrrhiza glabra (Fabaceae) (Arbab et al., 2004; Modarres Awal, 2012; Alsendi et al., 2019), Astragalus singarensis, Astragalus currirostris and Trigonella pretense (Alsendi et al., 2019). Bruchophagus iranicus Özdikmen, 2011 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh et al. (2009, as Bruchophagus trjapitzini Zerova, 2008), Saghaei et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan (Zerova et al., 2008, as Bruchophagus trjapitzini), Iran (no specific locality) (Özdikmen, 2011). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Host records in Iran: Seeds of Astragalus sp. (Fabaceae) (Zerova et al., 2008). Bruchophagus kononovae Zerova, 1994 Catalogues with Iranian records: Saghaei et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Naghizadeh et al., 2018), Hamadan (Alsendi et al., 2019), Northern Khorasan (Kalantary et al., 2017, 2019), Qom (Parsa et al., 2018). General distribution: Turkmenistan. Host records in Iran: Seeds of Astragalus iranicus (Fabaceae) (Kalantary et al., 2017, 2019), Astragalus brachyodontus, Astragalus compylorrhynchus (Parsa et al., 2018), Astragalus refractus (Naghizadeh et al., 2018), Astragalus angustiflorus, Astragalus patrius, Astragalus vegetus (Alsendi et al., 2019). Bruchophagus macronycis Fedoseeva, 1956 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Naghizadeh et al., 2018). General distribution: France, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan.

231

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Host records in Iran: Astragalus macrourus (Fabaceae) (Naghizadeh et al., 2018). Bruchophagus medicaginis Zerova, 1992 Catalogues with Iranian records: Saghaei et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Hamadan, Lorestan (Alsendi et al., 2019), Northern Khorasan (Kalantary et al., 2017, 2019), Qom (Parsa et al., 2018). General distribution: Hungary, Ukraine. Host records in Iran: Fabaceae (Kalantary et al., 2017, 2019), Medicago lupulina (Fabaceae) (Parsa et al., 2018), Medicago sativa (Parsa et al., 2018; Alsendi et al., 2019), Medicago rigidula, Salvia ceratophylla (Lamiaceae), Alyssum strigosum (Brassicaceae) (Alsendi et al., 2019). Bruchophagus mutabilis Nikol’skaya, 1952 Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Saghaei et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Naghizadeh et al., 2018; Alizadeh et al., 2020), Hamadan (Alsendi et al., 2019), Northern Khorasan (Kalantary et al., 2017, 2019), Qazvin (Arbab et al., 2004; Modarres Awal, 2012; Lotfalizadeh and Zarnegar, 2014a), Qom (Parsa et al., 2018), Iran (no specific locality) (Nikol’skaya, 1952). General distribution: Bulgaria, Caucasus, France, Iran, Kazakhstan, Turkey, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Seeds of Glycyrrhiza glabra (Fabaceae) (Arbab et al., 2004; Modarres Awal, 2012), Astragalus avicennus (as Astragalus avisinus), Astragalus brachydontus (Fabaceae) (Lotfalizadeh and Zarnegar, 2014a), Fabaceae (Kalantary et al., 2017, 2019), Astragalus oxyglottis (Parsa et al., 2018), Astragalus chrysostachys, Astragalus onobrychioides, Astragalus macrorus, Astragalus persicus, Astragalus tricholobus (Naghizadeh et al., 2018), Prangos scabra (Apiaceae) (Naghizadeh et al., 2018), Robinia pseudoacacia (Fabaceae) (Alizadeh et al., 2020), Astragalus angustiflorus, Astragalus echinops, Astragalus singarensis, Astragalus vegetus (Alsendi et al., 2019). Bruchophagus nikolskayae (Zerova, 1968) Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Saghaei et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Naghizadeh et al., 2017b, as Systole nikolskayae Zerova, 1968; Naghizadeh et al., 2018), Razavi Khorasan

232

(Dashti and Lotfalizadeh, 2008; Modarres Awal, 2012, both as Bruchophagus nikolskajae Zerova, 1975). General distribution: Bulgaria, Serbia, Ukraine, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Seeds of Eremurus spectabilis (Asphodelaceae) (Dashti and Lotfalizadeh, 2008), Salvia sp. (Lamiaceae) (Naghizadeh et al., 2017b), Potentilla sp. (Rosaceae) (Naghizadeh et al., 2018). Bruchophagus ononis (Mayr, 1878) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Fars, Hamadan (Alsendi et al., 2019). General distribution: Austria, China, Hungary, Romania, Russia, Ukraine, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Ononis spinose (Fabaceae) (Alsendi et al., 2019). Bruchophagus parvulus Zerova, 1994 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Naghizadeh et al., 2018). General distribution: Israel, Romania. Host records in Iran: Hypericum scabrum (Hypericaceae) (Naghizadeh et al., 2018). Bruchophagus platypterus (Walker, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Ardabil, Qazvin (Alizadeh et al., 2020), Fars, Hamadan (Alsendi et al., 2019). General distribution: Argentina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, France, Georgia, Germany, Ireland (North and South), Kazakhstan, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay. Host records in Iran: Lotus sp., Astragalus brachydonatus (Fabaceae) (Alizadeh et al., 2020), Lotus corniculatus (Alsendi et al., 2019). Bruchophagus ponticus Zerova, 1994 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Naghizadeh et al., 2018), Hamadan (Alsendi et al., 2019). General distribution: Ukraine. Host records in Iran: Astragalus schelichowii (Fabaceae) (Naghizadeh et al., 2018), Astragalus angustiflorus, Astragalus vegetus (Alsendi et al., 2019).

Chapter 10

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Bruchophagus robiniae Zerova, 1970 Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Saghaei et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Alizadeh et al., 2020), Tehran (Rakhshani et al., 2005; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Armenia, Bulgaria, Caucasus, Iran, Turkey, Ukraine, former USSR, Uzbekistan. Host records in Iran: Ripped seedpods of Robinia pseudoacacia (Fabaceae) (Rakhshani et al., 2005; Modarres Awal, 2012; Alizadeh et al., 2020). Bruchophagus roddi Gussakovsky, 1933 Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Saghaei et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz, Isfahan (Shahhosseini and Kamali, 1989), East Azarbaijan, Kermanshah, Kordestan, Tehran, West Azarbaijan (Azmayesh Fard and Esmaili, 1974; Shahhosseini and Kamali, 1989; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Khanjani and Kalafchi, 2003; Mirab-balou and Radjabi, 2013), Hamadan (Shahhosseini and Kamali, 1989; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Khanjani and Kalafchi, 2000; Mirab-balou and Radjabi, 2013; Alsendi et al., 2019), Qazvin (Arbab, 2004, 2006; Mirab-balou and Radjabi, 2013; Mohammadbeigi, 2014), Qom (Shahhosseini and Kamali, 1989; Parsa et al., 2018), Yazd (Mirabbalou and Radjabi, 2013), Zanjan (Azmayesh Fard and Esmaili, 1974; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Khanjani and Kalafchi, 2003; Marouf and Ebrahimi, 2018; Marouf et al., 2019). General distribution: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, Caucasus, Chile, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Moldova, Netherlands, New Zealand, Peru, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Turkey, Ukraine, United States of America, former USSR, Uzbekistan. Host records in Iran: Alfalfa (Medicago sativa – Fabaceae) (Azmayesh Fard and Esmaili, 1974; Khanjani and Kalafchi, 2000, 2003; Arbab, 2006; Modarres Awal, 2012; Mirab-balou and Radjabi, 2013; Mohammadbeigi, 2014; Parsa et al., 2018; Alsendi et al., 2019), Medicago rigidula (Alsendi et al., 2019). Comments: Baryscapus bruchophagi (Gahan, 1913) (Eulophidae) was reported by Marouf and Ebrahimi (2018) as a parasitoid of B. roddi.

Family Eurytomidae Walker, 1832

Bruchophagus smirnoviae Nikol’skaya, 1955 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Alizadeh et al., 2020). General distribution: Turkmenistan, former USSR. Bruchophagus trigonellae Zerova, 1970 Catalogues with Iranian records: Saghaei et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Naghizadeh et al., 2018), Hamadan (Alsendi et al., 2019), Northern Khorasan (Kalantary et al., 2017, 2019), Qazvin (Zarnegar and Lotfalizadeh, 2014; Lotfalizadeh and Zarnegar, 2014a,b), Qom (Parsa et al., 2018). General distribution: France, Tajikistan. Host records in Iran: Seeds of Astragalus avicennus (as Astragalus avisinus), Astragalus odoratus (Fabaceae) (Lotfalizadeh and Zarnegar, 2014a), Fabaceae (Kalantary et al., 2017, 2019), Astragalus tricholobus (Naghizadeh et al., 2018), Trigonella monantha (Parsa et al., 2018; Alsendi et al., 2019). Bruchophagus turkestanicus Zerova, 1994 Catalogues with Iranian records: Saghaei et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Naghizadeh et al., 2018), Hamadan (Alsendi et al., 2019), Northern Khorasan (Kalantary et al., 2017, 2019), Qazvin (Lotfalizadeh and Zarnegar, 2014a), Qom (Parsa et al., 2018). General distribution: Turkmenistan. Host records in Iran: Seeds of Astragalus brachydontus (Fabaceae) (Lotfalizadeh and Zarnegar, 2014a), Fabaceae (Kalantary et al., 2017, 2019), Dorema ammoniacum (Apiaceae) (Parsa et al., 2018), Astragalus alyssoides, Astragalus chrysostachys, Astragalus macrourus, Astragalus neomobayenii, Astragalus podocarpus (Naghizadeh et al., 2018), Trifolium pratense (Fabaceae) (Naghizadeh et al., 2018), Astragalus angustiflorus, Astragalus macropelmatus, Astragalus vegetus (Alsendi et al., 2019). Genus Eurytoma Illiger, 1807 Eurytoma abdita Zerova, 1995 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Saghaei et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan (Zerova et al., 2008, Karimpour, 2012). General distribution: Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, Ukraine. Host records in Iran: Aylax hypecoi (Trotter) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in galls on seed pods

233

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

of Hypecoum imberbe (Papaveraceae) (Zerova et al., 2008, Karimpour, 2012). Eurytoma aciculata Ratzeburg, 1848 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Razavi Khorasan (Fathi et al., 2016). General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Caucasus, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Sweden, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Lixus incanescens Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Beta vulgaris (Amaranthaceae) (Fathi et al., 2016). Eurytoma acroptilae Zerova, 1986 Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Saghaei et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari, East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2014), Ilam (Gharali, 2004; Gharali and Zerova, 2004a; Modarres Awal, 2012; Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2014), Kuhgiloyeh & Boyerahmad (Saeidi and Adam, 2011, Saeidi, 2013, 2015; Khatima and Reza, 2015; Saeidi et al., 2015, 2016a). General distribution: Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Ukraine, former USSR, Uzbekistan. Host records in Iran: Acanthiophilus helianthi (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae) (Gharali, 2004; Gharali and Zerova, 2004a; Saeidi and Adam, 2011; Saeidi, 2013, 2015; Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2014; Khatima and Reza, 2015; Saeidi et al., 2016a), Chaetorellia carthami Stackelberg, Terellia luteola Robineau-Desvoidy and Urophora mauritanica Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Carthamus tinctorius (Asteraceae) (Gharali, 2004; Gharali and Zerova, 2004a; Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2014; Khatima and Reza, 2015), Isocolus tinctorius Melika and Gharaei (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Carthamus tinctorius (Asteraceae) (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2014). Eurytoma adleriae Zerova, 1995 Catalogues with Iranian records: Saghaei et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012). General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Lebanon, Morocco, Slovakia, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine.

234

Host records in Iran: Galls of Diplolepis fructuum (Rübsaamen) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Rosa beggeriana (Rosaceae) (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012). Eurytoma aethiops Boheman, 1836 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Qazvin, Mazandaran (AbdRabou et al., 2019). General distribution: Bulgaria, Caucasus, Hungary, Italy, Sweden, Transcaucasus, United Kingdom. Eurytoma afra Boheman, 1836 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Sakenin et al., 2019). General distribution: Austria, Bosnia Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States of America. Eurytoma amygdali Enderlein, 1907 Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Saghaei et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari (Abai and Adeli, 1984; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2008c; Haghighian and Jahanbazi, 2017), East Azarbaijan, Fars, Tehran (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2010), Qazvin (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2008c), Yazd (Raiat Roknabadi et al., 2000; Mohammadi-Khoramabadi and Amin, 2006; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2008c, 2010), generally distributed in Iran (most almond planting areas) (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Abai and Adeli, 1984; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Caucasus, Cyprus, France, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Macedonia, Russia, Syria, Turkey, Ukraine, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Almond (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Abai and Adeli, 1984; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Abai, 2000; Mohammadi-Khoramabadi and Amin, 2006; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2010; Saeidi et al., 2016b), Amygdalus arabica, Amygdalus elaeagnifolia, Amygdalus haussknechtii, Amygdalus scoparia (Rosaceae) (Haghighian and Jahanbazi, 2017). Comments: The almond wasp, E. amygdali is one of the most important pests of Amygdalus spp. (Rosaceae) in the Palaearctic region (Doğanlar et al., 2006). Biology and resistance mechanisms of

Chapter 10

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

different almond genotypes to E. amygdali were studied by Khanmohamadi et al. (2016) and Saeidi et al. (2016b), respectively. Two chalcidoid wasps, Gugolzia bademia Doğanlar, 2004 (Pteromalidae) and Aprostocetus bucculentus (Kostjukov, 1978) (Eulophidae) were recorded by Lotfalizadeh et al. (2008c) as parasitoids of E. amygdali. Eurytoma appendigaster (Swederus, 1795) Catalogues with Iranian records: Saghaei et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Samin, 2015). General distribution: Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America, former Yugoslavia. Eurytoma arctica Thomson, 1875 Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Saghaei et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz, Tehran (Shimi et al., 1995), East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh and Khalghani, 2008, as Eurytoma blastophagi Hedqvist, 1963), Markazi (Ebrahimi, 1993; Shimi et al., 1995; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012). General distribution: Austria, Belgium, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Smicronyx robustus Faust (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Cuscuta monogyna (Cuscutaceae) (Ebrahimi, 1993; Shimi et al., 1995; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), dead tree branches infected by Xylopertha reflexicauda (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and Scolytus rugulosus (Müller) (as Ruguloscolytus mediterraneus (Eggers)) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (Lotfalizadeh and Khalghani, 2008). Comments: The host Smicronix robustus is a biological control agent of Cuscuta monogyna (Cuscutaceae) (Shimi et al., 1995). Eurytoma asiatica Zerova and Seryogina, 1999 Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Saghaei et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Isfahan (Stojanova and Ghahari, 2009). General distribution: Turkmenistan.

Family Eurytomidae Walker, 1832

Eurytoma aspila (Walker, 1836) Catalogues with Iranian records: None (newly recorded from Iran). Distribution in Iran: Lorestan province, Kuhdasht (Dalab), 2♀, ex Aulacidea tragopogonis (Thomson) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), August 2009. General distribution: Bulgaria, Caucasus, Croatia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Mongolia, Serbia, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former USSR. Eurytoma augasmae Zerova, 1977 Catalogues with Iranian records: Saghaei et al. (2018, as Aximopsis augasmae (Zerova, 1977)). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh and Hosseini, 2014, as Aximopsis near augasmae), Northwestern Iran (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2012). General distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Etiella zinckenella (Treitschke) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on Sophora alopecuroides (Fabaceae) (Lotfalizadeh and Hosseini, 2014). Eurytoma bajarii Erdős, 1957 Catalogues with Iranian records: Saghaei et al. (2018, as Bruchophagus bajariae (Erdős, 1957)), Noyes (2019, as B. bajariae). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2007b; Naghizadeh et al., 2018, both as Bruchophagus bajariae (Erdős, 1957)), West Azarbaijan (Sakenin Chelav et al., 2018). General distribution: France, Hungary, Turkey, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Seeds of Euphorbia sp. (Euphorbiaceae) (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2007b), Salvia viridis (Lamiaceae) (Naghizadeh et al., 2018). Comments: Although Noyes (2019) listed Bruchophagus bajariae (Erdős, 1957) as the valid name, we consider Eurytoma bajarii Erdős, 1957 as valid, and B. bajariae as a synonym (see Zerova, 1994, 1995, 2010). Eurytoma baldingerae Erdős, 1961 Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Saghaei et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Alborz, Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari, Semnan (Stojanova and Ghahari, 2009). General distribution: Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Caucasus, Germany, Hungary, Sweden, Turkmenistan.

235

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Eurytoma brunniventris Ratzeburg, 1852 Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Saghaei et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars, Khuzestan (Golestaneh et al., 2008), Ilam, Kermanshah, Kordestan (Nazemi-Rafie et al., 2007), Lorestan (Azizkhani et al., 2008), West Azarbaijan (Zargaran et al., 2008; Modarres Awal, 2012), Iran (no specific locality) (Tavakoli et al., 2010). General distribution: Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Caucasus, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Cynipid species galls (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae): Andricus sternlichti Bellido, Pujade-Villar and Melika on Quercus infectoria (Fagaceae), Andricus megalucidus Melika, Stone, Sadeghi and Pujade-Villar on Quercus infectoria and Quercus brantii, Andricus moreae (Graeffe) on Quercus infectoria, Andricus polycerus (Giraud) on Quercus infectoria, Andricus stonei Melika, Tavakoli and Sadeghi on Quercus infectoria, Andricus askewi Melika and Stone on Quercus infectoria, Cynips quercusfolii (L.) and Andricus coriarius (Hartig) on Quercus infectoria (Nazemi-Rafie et al., 2007), Andricus caputmedusae (Hartig) on Quercus infectoria (Nazemi-Rafie et al., 2007; Azizkhani et al., 2008), Andricus grossulariae Giraud on Quercus brantii and Quercus infectoria (Nazemi-Rafie et al., 2007; Azizkhani et al., 2008), Andricus lucidus (Hartig) on Quercus infectoria (Nazemi-Rafie et al., 2007; Azizkhani et al., 2008), Andricus multiplicatus Giraud, Aphelonyx persica Melika, Stone, Sadeghy and Pujade-Villar, Dryocosmus israeli (Sternlicht) (as Chilaspis israeli Mayr) and Dryocosmus mikoi Melika, Tavakoli, Stone and Azizkhani on Quercus brantii (Nazemi-Rafie et al., 2007; Azizkhani et al., 2008), Andricus truncicolus (Giraud) on Quercus infectoria (NazemiRafie et al., 2007; Azizkhani et al., 2008), Andricus cecconii Kieffer on Quercus brantii (Azizkhani et al., 2008), Andricus grossulariae (as Andricus panteli Kieffer) and Andricus tomentosus (Trotter) on Quercus infectoria (Azizkhani et al., 2008), Aphelonyx persica, Dryocosmus israeli, Neuroterus lanuginosus (Giraud) on Quercus brantii (Golestaneh

236

et al., 2008), Andricus aries (Giraud) and Andricus sternlichti on Quercus infectoria, Andricus multiplicatus and Neuroterus saliens (Kollar) on Quercus brantii (Zargaran et al., 2008; Modarres Awal, 2012), Neuroterus saliens on Quercus brantii (Azizkhani et al., 2008; Golestaneh et al., 2008), Andricus caputmedusae (Hartig) on Quercus infectoria (Azizkhani et al., 2008; Sadeghi et al., 2009), Andricus chodjaii (Melika) on Quercus infectoria (Azizkhani et al., 2008; Sadeghi et al., 2009), Neuroterus lanuginosus (Giraud) and Pseudoneuroterus macropterus (Hartig) on Quercus brantii (Azizkhani et al., 2008; Sadeghi et al., 2009), Andricus aries (Giraud), Andricus askewi Melika and Stone (Melika and Stone, 2001), Andricus conglomeratus (Giraud), Andricus coriarius (Hartig), Andricus grossulariae, Andricus lucidus, Andricus megalucidus Melika, Stone, Sadeghi and Pujade-Villar, Andricus megatruncicolus Melika, Stone, Sadeghi and Pujade-Villar, Andricus moreae (Graeffe), Andricus multiplicatus, Andricus polycerus (Giraud), Andricus pseudoaries Melika, Stone, Sadeghi, Andricus sternlichti, Andricus stonei, Andricus tomentosus (Trotter), Aphelonyx persica, Cynips divisa Hartig, Cynips korsakovi Belizin, Cynips quercus (Fourcroy), Cynips quercusfolii (L.), Dryocosmus israeli, Neuroterus anthracinus Curtis and Neuroterus saliens on Quercus spp. (Sadeghi et al., 2009). Eurytoma calicotomae Zerova, 2005 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Saghaei et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Hesami et al., 2010a), West Azarbaijan (Zerova et al., 2008). General distribution: Iran, Israel. Host records in Iran: Seeds of Astragalus sp., Hedysarum sp. and Onobrychis viciaefolia (Fabaceae) (Zerova et al., 2008; Zerova and Seryogina, 2010), pods of Astragalus meridionalis (Hesami et al., 2010a). Eurytoma caninae Lotfalizadeh and Delvare, 2007 Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Saghaei et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2006; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2007a, 2008a), Kerman (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012), Tehran (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2006), West Azarbaijan (Mohammadi et al., 2011).

Chapter 10

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

General distribution: France, Iran. Host records in Iran: Galls of Diplolepis fructuum (Rübsaamen) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Rosa canina and Rosa beggeriana (Rosaceae), Diplolepis sp. on Rosa damascena (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2006, 2007a, 2008a, 2012). Eurytoma collaris Walker, 1832 Catalogues with Iranian records: Saghaei et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Golestan, Northern Khorasan (Ghahari et al., 2016), Kerman (Moeinadini et al., 2018). General distribution: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Slovakia, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Stipa arabica (Poaceae) (Moeinadini et al., 2018). Eurytoma collina Zerova, 1984 Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Saghaei et al. (2018, as Aximopsis collina (Zerova, 1984)), Noyes (2019, as A. collina). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan, Tehran (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2006, as Aximopsis collina (Zerova, 1984)), Kerman (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012, as A. collina), West Azarbaijan (Mohammadi et al., 2011, as A. collina). General distribution: Bulgaria, Iran, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan. Host records in Iran: Diplolepis fructuum (Rübsaamen) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Rosa canina and Rosa beggeriana (Rosaceae) (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2006, 2012). Eurytoma compressa (Fabricius, 1794) Catalogues with Iranian records: Saghaei et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2007a), Iran (no specific locality) (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2008b), Noyes (2019). General distribution: Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Tephritidae (Diptera) (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2007a, 2008b). Eurytoma curculionum Mayr, 1878 Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Saghaei et al. (2018), Noyes (2019).

Family Eurytomidae Walker, 1832

Distribution in Iran: Alborz, Tehran (Shimi et al., 1995), Khuzestan (Pourtaherzari et al., 2008), Markazi (Ebrahimi, 1993; Shimi et al., 1995; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012). General distribution: Austria, Bosnia Hercegovina, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Iran, Italy, Macedonia, Morocco, Norway, Poland, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Smicronyx robustus Faust (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Cuscuta monogyna (Cuscutaceae) (Ebrahimi, 1993; Shimi et al., 1995; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Hypolixus pica (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Amaranthus retroflexus (Amaranthaceae) (Pourtaherzari et al., 2008). Comments: The host Smicronix robustus is a biological conrol agent of Cuscuta monogyna (Cuscutaceae) (Shimi et al., 1995). Eurytoma cynipicola Zerova, 1976 Catalogues with Iranian records: Saghaei et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012). General distribution: Iran, Tajikistan, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Galls of Diplolepis fructuum (Rübsaamen) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Rosa beggeriana (Rosaceae) (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012). Eurytoma cynipsea Boheman, 1836 Catalogues with Iranian records: Saghaei et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan (Karimpour and Lotfalizadeh, 2014). General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Caucasus, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Jordan, Netherlands, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former USSR, Uzbekistan. Host records in Iran: Galls of Aulacidea hieracii (Bouché) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Hieracium verruculatum (Asteraceae) (Karimpour and Lotfalizadeh, 2014). Eurytoma dentata Mayr, 1878 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Samin and Farzaneh, 2016). General distribution: Austria, Belgium, Bosnia Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Caucasus, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Italy, Philippines, Romania, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom, former USSR.

237

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Eurytoma differta Zerova, 1977 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Moeinadini et al., 2018). General distribution: Ukraine. Host records in Iran: Stipa arabica (Poaceae) (Moeinadini et al., 2018). Eurytoma flavimana Boheman, 1836 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Sakenin et al., 2019). General distribution: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Romania, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former USSR. Eurytoma fumipennis Walker, 1836 Catalogues with Iranian records: Saghaei et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Northwestern Iran (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2012). General distribution: Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Caucasus, France, Georgia, Moldova, Montenegro, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Eurytoma ghazvini Zerova, 2004 Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Saghaei et al. (2018, as Aximopsis ghazvini (Zerova, 2004)), Noyes (2019, as A. ghazvini). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Hesami et al., 2010a, as Aximopsis ghazvini (Zerova, 2004)), Qazvin (Zerova et al., 2004), Iran (no specific locality) (Zerova and Seryogina, 2006). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Host records in Iran: Etiella zinckenella (Treitschke) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on Sophora alopecuroides (Fabaceae) (Lotfalizadeh and Hosseini, 2014, as Aximopsis near ghazvini). Plant associations in Iran: Glycyrrhiza glabra (Fabaceae) (Zerova et al., 2004; Zerova and Seryogina, 2006), Astragalus meridionalis (Fabaceae) (Hesami et al., 2010a). Eurytoma ghilarovi Zerova, 1988 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Razavi Khorasan (Fathi et al., 2016). General distribution: Tajikistan. Host records in Iran: Lixus incanescens Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Beta vulgaris (Amaranthaceae) (Fathi et al., 2016).

238

Eurytoma goidanichi Bouček, 1970 Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Saghaei et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Iran (no specific locality) (Haeselbarth, 1983). General distribution: Former Czechoslovakia, Croatia, Germany, Iran, Italy, Macedonia, Moldova, Poland, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Eurytoma heriadi Zerova, 1984 Catalogues with Iranian records: Saghaei et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Northwestern Iran (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2012). General distribution: Ukraine, former USSR. Eurytoma hermonica Zerova, 2005 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Qazvin (Saeidi et al., 2018). General distribution: Israel. Eurytoma infracta Mayr, 1904 Catalogues with Iranian records: Saghaei et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Ghahari et al., 2016), Tehran, Zanjan (Shojai, 1968, 1998; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Iran (no specific locality) (Tavakoli et al., 2010). General distribution: Caucasus, Croatia, France, Jordan, Romania, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Eurytoma iranica Narendran and Lotfalizadeh, 1999 Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Saghaei et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Narendran and Lotfalizadeh, 1999). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Host records in Iran: Eulecanium rugulosum (Archangelskaya) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Crataegus persica (Rosaceae) (Narendran and Lotfalizadeh, 1999; Zerova, 2007). Eurytoma iranicola Zerova, 2007 Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Saghaei et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari (Lotfalizadeh and Khalghani, 2008), Kerman (Zerova et al., 2004, as Eurytoma iranica Zerova,

Chapter 10

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

2004), Razavi Khorasan, Yazd (MohammadiKhoramabadi and Lotfalizadeh, 2011), West Azarbaijan (Stojanova and Ghahari, 2009), Iran (no specific locality) (Zerova and Seryogina, 2006; Zerova, 2007). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Host records in Iran: Twigs and branches of almond tree (Prunus dulcis = Prunus amygdalus) (Rosaceae) infested by beetle larvae Osphranteria coerulescens Redtenbacher (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) (Zerova et al., 2004, Zerova and Seryogina, 2006, Zerova, 2007; Lotfalizadeh and Khalghani, 2008). It is a larval ectoparasitoid of O. coerulescens (Mohammadi-Khoramabadi and Lotfalizadeh, 2011). Eurytoma laserpitii Mayr, 1878 Catalogues with Iranian records: Saghaei et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Ardabil (Hashemi and Lotfalizadeh, 2014; Lotfalizadeh and Hashemi, 2015), Golestan (Samin, 2015), Northwestern Iran (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2012). General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, Transcaucasus, Turkey, United Kingdom, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Oxystoma ochropus (Germar) (Coleoptera: Brentidae) on Lathyrus sativus (Fabaceae) (Hashemi and Lotfalizadeh, 2014; Lotfalizadeh and Hashemi, 2015). Eurytoma mayri Ashmead, 1887 Catalogues with Iranian records: None (newly recorded from Iran). Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran province, Noshahr (Kandlus), 2♀, ex galls of Cynipidae (Hymenoptera), June 2011. General distribution: Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom. Eurytoma melikai Zerova, 2009 Catalogues with Iranian records: Saghaei et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Lorestan (Zerova and Seryogina, 2009). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Host records in Iran: Aulacidea tragopogonis (Thomson) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Tragopogon sp. (Asteraceae) (Zerova and Seryogina, 2009).

Family Eurytomidae Walker, 1832

Eurytoma morio Boheman, 1836 Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Saghaei et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz, Tehran (Davatchi and Shojai, 1969; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai et al., 2001), Ardabil (Basiri et al., 2012), East Azarbaijan (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Lotfalizadeh and Khalghani, 2008), Isfahan, Zanjan (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012). General distribution: Austria, Belgium, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Lithuania, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former USSR, Yemen. Host records in Iran: Scolytus rugulosus (Müller) (as Ruguloscolytus mediterraneus Eggers) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) on Rosaceae (Davatchi and Shojai, 1969; Radjabi, 1991; Shojai et al., 2001; Basiri et al., 2012; Modarres Awal, 2012), Phloeosinus aubei (Perris) (as Phloeosinus bicolor) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) on Platycladus orientalis (= Biota orientalis) (Cupressaceae) (Davatchi and Shojai, 1969; Modarres Awal, 2012). Eurytoma nodularis Boheman, 1836 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Sakenin et al., 2019, as Aximopsis nodularis (Boheman, 1836)). General distribution: Belgium, Bosnia Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Netherlands, Romania, Slovakia, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Eurytoma ochraceipes Kalina, 1970 Catalogues with Iranian records: Saghaei et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Northwestern Iran (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2012). General distribution: Bulgaria, Croatia, France, Israel, Turkey, former USSR, Vietnam, Yemen, former Yugoslavia. Eurytoma onobrychidis Nikol’skaya, 1933 Catalogues with Iranian records: Saghaei et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari (Sakenin Chelav et al., 2018), Isfahan (Abdul Razagh, 1989), Lorestan (Alsendi et al., 2019).

239

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

General distribution: Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Kirgizia, Slovakia, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine. Host records in Iran: Seed of Onobrychis sp. (Fabaceae) (Abdul Razagh, 1989), Hibiscus trionum (Malvaceae) (Alsendi et al., 2019). Eurytoma oophaga Silvestri, 1920 Catalogues with Iranian records: Saghaei et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Ghahari et al., 2016). General distribution: Caucasus, France, Germany, Italy, Romania, Serbia, Transcaucasus, Turkey. Eurytoma pistaciae Rondani, 1877 Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Saghaei et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz, East Azarbaijan (Daneshvar et al., 2009), Lorestan (Askew et al., 2006a,b), Tehran (Rakhshani et al., 2003; Modarres Awal, 2012), West Azarbaijan (Zargaran et al., 2008; Daneshvar et al., 2009). General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Japan, Romania, Russia, South Korea, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Galls of unknown Cynipidae on Rosa canina (Rosaceae) (Rakhshani et al., 2003; Modarres Awal, 2012), Diplolepis mayri (Schlechtendal) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Rosa canina and Rosa sp. (Rosaceae) (Askew et al., 2006a; Daneshvar et al., 2009), Andricus aries (Giraud) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Quercus infectoria (Fagaceae) (Zargaran et al., 2008), Andricus galeatus (Giraud), Andricus grossulariae Giraud, Andricus lucidus (Hartig), Andricus moreae (Graeffe), Andricus polycerus (Giraud), Aphelonyx persica Melika, Stone, Sadeghy and Pujade-Villar, Dryocosmus israeli (Sternlicht), Pseudoneuroterus macropterus (Hartig) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), all on Quercus spp. (Sadeghi et al., 2009). Eurytoma plotnikovi Nikol’skaya, 1934 Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Saghaei et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan, Fars, Semnan, Zanjan (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Isfahan (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Basirat and Seyedoleslami, 1998, 2000), Kerman (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Modarres

240

Awal, 1997, 2012; Mehrnejad, 1999, 2001; Zohdi et al., 2016), Markazi (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Rafiei et al., 2006), Qazvin (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Lotfaliazdeh et al., 2007b), Qom (Farahbakhsh, 1961), Southern Khorasan (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Taheri Sarhozaki and Safavi, 2012; Taheri Sarhozaki et al., 2012), Iran (no specific locality) (Jalilvand and Gholipour, 2002). General distribution: China, Greece, Iran, Israel, Italy, Kirgizia, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan. Host records in Iran: Pistacia spp. (Anacardiaceae) (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Basirat and Seyedoleslami, 1998, 2000; Mehrnejad, 1999; Abai, 2000; Lotfaliazdeh et al., 2007b; Taheri Sarhozaki and Safavi, 2012; Taheri Sarhozaki et al., 2012; Zohdi et al., 2016), Pistacia atlantica (Rafiei et al., 2006). Comments: The pistachio seed wasp, E. plotnikovi, is one of the major pests in pistachio orchards in Iran and damages pistachio nuts (Mehrnejad, 1999). Eurytoma pseudocynipsea Zerova, 2003 Catalogues with Iranian records: Saghaei et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Iran (no specific locality) (Zerova and Seryogina, 2009). General distribution: Israel. Host records in Iran: Rhodus oriundus Quinlan (as Salviela kezivi Melika) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Salvia fruticosa (Lamiaceae), Hedickiana levantina (Hedicke) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Salvia syriaca (Zerova and Seryogina, 2009). Eurytoma robusta Mayr, 1878 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Saghaei et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan (Zerova et al., 2008). General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Moldova, Netherlands, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Pods of Onobrychis viciaefolia (Fabaceae) and seed heads of Centaurea salonitana (Asteraceae) (Zerova et al., 2008). Eurytoma rosae Nees, 1834 Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Saghaei et al. (2018), Noyes (2019).

Chapter 10

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Distribution in Iran: Alborz, West Azarbaijan (Daneshvar et al., 2009; Mohammadi et al., 2011), East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2006; Daneshvar et al., 2009; Mohammadi et al., 2011), Kerman (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012), Lorestan (Askew et al., 2006a,b), Tehran (Rakhshani et al., 2003; Hesami et al., 2006; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2006; Modarres Awal, 2012), Iran (no specific locality) (Hesami et al., 2010b). General distribution: Andorra, Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Caucasus, China, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Diplolepis sp. (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Rosa canina (Rosaceae) (Rakhshani et al., 2003), Diplolepis fructuum (Rübsaamen) on Rosa canina and Rosa beggeriana (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2006, 2012), Diplolepis mayri (Schlechtendal) on Rosa canina and Rosa sp. (Askew et al., 2006a; Daneshvar et al., 2009), Diplolepis rosae (L.) on Rosa canina (Hesami et al., 2010b), galls of Cynipidae on Rosa canina (Modarres Awal, 2012). Comments: Sigmophora brevicornis (Panzer, 1804) (Eulophidae) was recorded by Hesami et al. (2006) as a parasitoid of E. rosae. Eurytoma serratulae (Fabricius, 1798) Catalogues with Iranian records: Saghaei et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Ardabil (Samin, 2015). General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Morocco, Netherlands, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom, former USSR. Eurytoma scrophulariae Zerova, 1981 Catalogues with Iranian records: Saghaei et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Lotfalizadeh and MohammaiKhoramabadi, 2009), Yazd (Lotfalizadeh and Mohammai-Khoramabadi, 2009; MohammadiKhoramabadi, 2016). General distribution: Georgia, Iran. Host records in Iran: Stator limbatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on Prosopis stephaniana (Fabaceae) (Lotfalizadeh and MohammadiKhoramabadi, 2009), Caryedon angeri Semenov (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on Prosopis farcta (Mohammadi-Khoramabadi, 2016).

Family Eurytomidae Walker, 1832

Eurytoma stepposa Zerova, 1980 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Moeinadini et al., 2018). General distribution: Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Russia, Ukraine, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Stipa arabica (Poaceae) (Moeinadini et al., 2018). Eurytoma strigifrons Thomson, 1876 Catalogues with Iranian records: Saghaei et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2008b), Semnan (Ghahari and Huang, 2016), Tehran (Shojai, 1968, 1998; Modarres Awal 1997, 2012), Northwestern Iran (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2012), Iran (no specific locality) (Tavakoli et al., 2010). General distribution: Andorra, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Acanthiophilus helianthis (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae) (Shojai, 1968, 1998; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Tephritidae (Diptera) (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2007a, 2008b). Eurytoma tilicola Hedqvist, 1966 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Lorestan (Alsendi et al., 2019). General distribution: Caucasus, Croatia, former Czechoslovakia, Finland, France, Hungary, Italy, Sweden. Eurytoma trypeticola Zerova, 1978 Catalogues with Iranian records: Saghaei et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Naghizadeh et al., 2017a; Naghizadeh et al., 2019, as Aximopsis trypeticola (Zerova, 1978)). General distribution: Ukraine. Host records in Iran: Bruchidius virgatus (Fahraeus) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on Astragalus neomobayenii (Fabaceae) (Naghizadeh et al., 2017a, 2019). Eurytoma turkestanica Zerova and Fursov, 1991 Catalogues with Iranian records: Saghaei et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Southern Khorasan (Moetamedi Nia et al., 2012). General distribution: Turkmenistan, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Branches of Prunus sp. (Rosaceae) infested by the larvae of Osphranteria coerulescens

241

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Redtenbacher (Coleoptera: (Moetamedi Nia et al., 2012).

Cerambycidae)

Eurytoma turkomanica Zerova, 1995 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan (Alizadeh and Lotfalizadeh, 2018). General distribution: Turkmenistan. Eurytoma ussuriensis Zerova, 1995 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan (Shahand and Karimpour, 2017). General distribution: Russia. Host records in Iran: Lixus fasciculatus Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (Shahand and Karimpour, 2017). Eurytoma verbasci Erdős, 1969 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan, Qazvin (Alizadeh et al., 2020, as Bruchophagus verbasci (Erdős, 1969)). General distribution: Bulgaria, Hungary, former USSR. Eurytoma verticillata (Fabricius, 1798) Catalogues with Iranian records: Saghaei et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan (Samin, 2015). General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Korea, Macedonia, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Eurytoma volkovi Zerova, 1994 Catalogues with Iranian records: Saghaei et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Qazvin (Lotfalizadeh and Zarnegar, 2014a, as Eurytoma nr. volkovi). General distribution: France, Kazakhstan. Host records in Iran: Prangos ferulacea (Apiaceae) (Lotfalizadeh and Zarnegar, 2014a). Eurytoma zerovai Özdikmen, 2011 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh et al. (2009, as Eurytoma lactucae Zerova, 2008), Saghaei et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Lorestan (Zerova et al., 2008, as Eurytoma lactucae Zerova, 2008). General distribution: Endemic to Iran.

242

Host records in Iran: Galls of Timaspis sp. (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Lactuca orientalis (Asteraceae) (Zerova et al., 2008). Eurytoma spp. Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2006), Fars (Alemansour et al., 2010), Kerman (Mehrnejad, 2008; Moeinadini et al., 2012), Khuzestan (Rezaei et al., 2006), Yazd (MohammadiKhoramabadi et al., 2019). Host records in Iran: Aphididae (Hemiptera) on wheat (Rezaei et al., 2006), Kermania pistaciella Amsel (Lepidoptera: Tineidae) (Mehrnejad, 2008), Diplolepis fructuum (Rübsaamen) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Rosa canina and Rosa damascena (Rosaceae) (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2006), Ephedra procera (Ephedraceae) (Alemansour et al., 2010), Artemisia siebergi (Asteraceae), Tamarix sp. (Tamaricaceae), Salix alba (Salicaceae), Ephedra major (Ephedraceae) (Moeinadini et al., 2012), Seriphidium herba-alba (Asteraceae) (Mohammadi-Khoramabadi et al., 2019). Comments: Moeinadini et al. (2012) stated that five species of Eurytoma spp. were new species, but these have not yet been described. Genus Exeurytoma Burks, 1971 Exeurytoma anatolica Cam, 1998 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Isfahan (Zerova et al., 2018). General distribution: Turkey. Host records in Iran: Seeds of Astragalus angustiflorus (Fabaceae) (Zerova et al., 2018). Exeurytoma caraganae Burks, 1971 Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Saghaei et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Tehran (Burks, 1971; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2007b). General distribution: Iran, Turkmenistan. Host records in Iran: Seeds of Caragana sp. (Fabaceae) (Burks, 1971, Lotfalizadeh et al., 2007b). Genus Nikanoria Nikol’skaya, 1955 Nikanoria mongolica (Zerova, 1971) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Southern Khorasan (TavakoliKorghond and Lotfalizadeh, 2019).

Chapter 10

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

General distribution: Mongolia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. Host records in Iran: Haloxylon persicum (Amaranthaceae) (Tavakoli-Korghond and Lotfalizadeh, 2019). Comments: Nikanoria mongolica includes two subspecies, N. mongolica mongolica and N. mongolica punctulata both of which were collected from Iran (Tavakoli-Korghond and Lotfalizadeh, 2019). Nikanoria shohadae Zerova, 2008 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Saghaei et al. (2018, as Bruchophagus shohadae (Zerova, 2008)), Noyes (2019, as B. shohadae). Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan (Zerova et al., 2008). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Host records in Iran: Astragalus caryolotus (Fabaceae) (Zerova et al., 2008). Comments: Although Noyes (2019) listed Bruchophagus shohadae (Zerova, 2008) as the valid name, we consider Nikanoria shohadae Zerova, 2008 as valid, and B. shohadae as a synonym (see Zerova, 2013). Genus Systole Walker, 1832 Systole albipennis Walker, 1832 Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Saghaei et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Iran (no specific locality) (Bouček, 1952, 1977; Peck, 1963). General distribution: Bulgaria, Canada, Caucasus, Chile, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Iran, Italy, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former USSR. Systole apionivorans (Abdul-Rassoul, 1980) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Lorestan (Alsendi et al., 2019). General distribution: Iraq. Host records in Iran: Ferula gummesa (Apiaceae) (Alsendi et al., 2019). Systole besaparica Stojanova, 2002 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Qazvin (Alizadeh et al., 2020). General distribution: Bulgaria.

Family Eurytomidae Walker, 1832

Systole complanata Zerova, 1972 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Lorestan (Alsendi et al., 2019; Zerova et al., 2019a). General distribution: Tajikistan. Host records in Iran: Seeds of Heracleum lehnannianum (Apiaceae) (Zerova, 1972; Alsendi et al., 2019). Systole conspicua Erdős, 1951 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Lorestan (Alsendi et al., 2019). General distribution: Bulgaria, Hungary, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine. Host records in Iran: Medicago lopulina (Fabaceae) (Alsendi et al., 2019). Systole coriandri Gussakovsky, 1933 Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Saghaei et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Iran (no specific locality) (Zerova, 1978). General distribution: Afghanistan, Argentina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Caribbean, Caucasus, Chile, China, India, Iran, Japan, Malaysia, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Turkey, United States of America, former USSR, Uzbekistan. Systole dzintari Zerova and Fursov, 2019 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Lorestan (Alsendi et al., 2019; Zerova et al., 2019a). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Host records in Iran: Seeds of Ferula gumosa (Apiaceae) (Alsendi et al., 2019; Zerova et al., 2019a). Systole eremodauci Zerova, 1994 Catalogues with Iranian records: Saghaei et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Alehosein et al., 2014). General distribution: Turkmenistan. Host records in Iran: Seeds of Dorema ammoniacum (Apiaceae) (Alehosein et al., 2014). Systole foeniculi Otten, 1941 Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Saghaei et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Iran (no specific locality) (Otten, 1941; Bouček, 1952, 1988; Zerova, 1978; Taeger et al., 2005). General distribution: Afghanistan, Bulgaria, Iran, New Caledonia, New Zealand, former USSR.

243

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Host records in Iran: Seeds of Foeniculum vulgare (Apiaceae) (Otten, 1941; Bouček, 1952).

General distribution: Bulgaria, Germany, Kazakhstan, Russia, Sweden, Turkey, former USSR.

Systole irana Zerova and Al-Sendi, 2019 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Lorestan (Alsendi et al., 2019; Zerova et al., 2019a). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Host records in Iran: Seeds of Prangos acaulis (Apiaceae) (Alsendi et al., 2019; Zerova et al., 2019a).

Tetramesa cornuta (Walker, 1832) Catalogues with Iranian records: Saghaei et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Sakenin Chelav et al., 2018). General distribution: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Romania, Slovakia, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, Yemen.

Systole longigaster Lotfalizadeh, 2020 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Alizadeh et al., 2020). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Host records in Iran: Prangos ferulacea (Apiaceae) (Alizadeh et al., 2020). Systole prangicola Zerova, 1972 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Lorestan (Alsendi et al., 2019). General distribution: Tajikistan. Host records in Iran: Prangos ferolacea (Apiaceae) (Alsendi et al., 2019).

Subfamily Harmolitinae Ferrière, 1950 Genus Tetramesa Walker, 1848 Tetramesa aciculata (Schlechtendal, 1891) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Moeinadini et al., 2018). General distribution: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Mongolia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Stipa arabica (Poaceae) (Moeinadini et al., 2018). Tetramesa agrostidis (Howard, 1896) Catalogues with Iranian records: Saghaei et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Golestan, Northern Khorasan (Ghahari et al., 2016). General distribution: Bulgaria, Germany, Kazakhstan, Turkey, United States of America, former USSR. Tetramesa brischkei (Schlechtendal, 1891) Catalogues with Iranian records: Saghaei et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Northern Khorasan (Samin, 2015).

244

Tetramesa fulvicollis (Walker, 1832) Catalogues with Iranian records: Saghaei et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Ghahari et al., 2016). General distribution: Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Montenegro, Netherlands, Romania, Slovakia, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom, former USSR. Tetramesa fumipennis (Walker, 1832) Catalogues with Iranian records: Saghaei et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Ghahari et al., 2016). General distribution: Caucasus, Germany, Hungary, Romania, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom, former USSR. Tetramesa leucospae Zerova and Madjdzadeh, 2005 Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Saghaei et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Madjdzadeh et al., 2011), Kerman, Mazandaran (Madjdzadeh et al., 2005, 2011). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Host records in Iran: Stems of Festuca pseudosclerophylla, Festuca sclerophylla (Poaceae) (Madjdzadeh et al., 2005, 2011). Tetramesa linearis (Walker, 1832) Catalogues with Iranian records: Saghaei et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Razavi Khorasan (Ghahari et al., 2010), West Azarbaijan (Samin, 2015). General distribution: Bulgaria, Caucasus, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Mongolia, Netherlands, New Zealand, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR. Tetramesa longula (Dalman, 1820) Catalogues with Iranian records: None.

Chapter 10

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Distribution in Iran: Semnan (Ghahari and Huang, 2016). General distribution: Caucasus, Germany, Hungary, Ireland (north and south), Romania, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR. Tetramesa maderae (Walker, 1849) Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Saghaei et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Farahbakhhsh, 1961; Modarres Awal, 1997, as Harmolita aptera Portschinsky, 1881), Fars (Dousti, 2006; Modarres Awal, 2012), Golestan (Stojanova and Ghahari, 2009), Iran (no specific locality) (Popescu, 2004). General distribution: Belarus, Canada, Caucasus, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Madeira, Mexico, Romania, Tajikistan, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, Uzbekistan. Host records in Iran: Stem of wheat (Farahbakhhsh, 1961; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Dousti, 2006). Tetramesa persica (Hedicke, 1921) Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Saghaei et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Hamadan (Hedicke, 1921). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Tetramesa phragmitis (Erdős, 1952) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan (Karimpour, 2017). General distribution: Caucasus, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Japan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Ukraine, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Phragmites australis (Poaceae) (Karimpour, 2017). Tetramesa problematica Szelényi, 1971 Catalogues with Iranian records: Saghaei et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: Northwestern Iran (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2012). General distribution: Mongolia. Tetramesa romana (Walker, 1873) Catalogues with Iranian records: Saghaei et al. (2018). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al., 2010).

Family Eurytomidae Walker, 1832

General distribution: France, Italy, Spain, Turkey. Tetramesa tritici (Fitch, 1859) Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Saghaei et al. (2018), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Tehran (Esmaili et al., 1991; Modarres Awal, 1997, as Harmolita tritici (Fitch, 1859); Modarres Awal, 2012), Iran (no specific locality) (Zomorrodi, 1990). General distribution: Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Iran, Spain, Turkey, United States of America, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Stem of wheat (Esmaili et al., 1991; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012). Subfamily Rileyinae Ashmead, 1904 Genus Archirileya Silvestri, 1920 Archirileya inopinata Silvestri, 1920 Catalogues with Iranian records: Saghaei et al. (2018, as Macrorileya inopinata (Silvestri, 1920)). Distribution in Iran: Golestan, Northern Khorasan (Ghahari et al., 2016, as Macrorileya inopinata (Silvestri, 1920)). General distribution: Bulgaria, Caucasus, Croatia, Czech Republic, Georgia, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Moldova, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Tunisia, Turkey, United States of America, former USSR. Comments: It is doubtful that Archirileya is synonymous with Macrorileya Ashmead, 1900. We also suggest that the species Archirileya inopinata Silvestri, previously known from southern Palaearctic, was wrongly transferred to Macrorileya. The genus Macrorileya is known only from North America and Madagascar, and is easily differentiated from Archirileya by structures of the metasoma (Burks, 1971; Zerova, 2019). Species excluded from the fauna of Iran Genus Tetramesa Walker, 1848 Tetramesa comatae (Phillips, 1936) Catalogues with Iranian records: Saghaei et al. (2018). Reported distribution in Iran: Khuzestan (Rezaei et al., 2006; Modarres Awal, 2012, as Harmolita comatae Phillips, 1936; Moravvej et al., 2016). General distribution: United States of America.

245

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Host records reported in Iran: Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on wheat (Rezaei et al., 2006; Modarres Awal, 2012). Comments: Tetramesa comatae is restricted to the Nearctic Region (USA: North Dakota); further, all species of Tetramesa are phytophagous and not parasitoids (Noyes, 2019). Presence of this species in Iran is unlikely unless accidentally introduced to Iran. We therefore exclude T. comatae from the fauna of Iran until new specimens are found and confirmed as this species.

Note 1

This chapter includes data from Alizadeh et al. (2020), which was made available on the journal’s website 10 June 2019, though was not printed until June 2020.

References Abai, M. (2000) Pest of Forest Trees and Shrubs of Iran. Ministry of Agriculture, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, 178 pp. Abai, M. and Adeli, E. (1984) List of Pests of Forest Trees and Shrubs of Iran. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Tehran, 147 pp. Abd-Rabou, S., Samin, N., Sakenin Chelav, H., Amoughli Tabari, M., Trjapitzin, V.A. and Sureshan, P.M. (2019) New records of Encyrtidae, Eulophidae, Eurytomidae, Mymaridae, Pteromalidae and Torymidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Iran. Egyptian Journal of Plant Protection Research Institute 2, 648–652. Abdul Razagh, Z.A. (1989) Introduction of a new species from Iran, Eurytoma onobrychidis (Eurytomidae, Hym.). Proceedings of the 9th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 9–14 September 1989, Mashhad, p. 30. Alehosein, A., Lotfalizadeh, A., Yarmand, H. and Fallahzadeh, M. (2014) First record of the seed-eating wasp, Systole eremodauci (Hym.: Eurytomidae) from Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 34, 15–16. Alemansour, H., Asadi, R. and Alehosein, S.A. (2010) Introduction of hymenopteran parasitoid Eurytoma sp. (Hym., Eurytomidae), a seed pest of medicinal plant Ephedra procera (Ephedraceae) in Fars province, Iran. Proceedings of the 19th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 31 July – 3 August 2010, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, p. 163. Alizadeh, H. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2018) New record of Eutytoma turkomanica Zerova (Hym.: Eurytomidae) from Iran. Proceedings of the 23rd Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 27–30 August 2018, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, p. 900.

246

Alizadeh, Z., Bagheri, M., Lotfalizadeh, H. and EivazianKari, N. (2020) Review of two seed wasps genera (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) in Iran with description of a new species. North-Western Journal of Zoology 16, 29–35. Alsendi, A., Adelimanesh, H. and Sadeghi, S.E. (2019) Report of some eurytomid wasps (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) and their associated host plants from two provinces of Iran. 4th International Conference on Agricultural Sciences, 17–18 November 2019, Agriculture College/University of Kerbala, Kerbala City, Iraq. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Vol. 388. IOP Publishing, Bristol, UK, pp. 1–6. Arbab, A. (2004) Spatial distribution of immature stages of alfalfa seed weevil, Tychius aureolus (Col.: Curculionidae), and alfalfa seed wasp, Brochophagus [sic] roddi, (Hym. Eurytomidae) in alfalfa seed fields. Abstracts. XXII International Congress of Entomology, 15–21 August 2004, Brisbane, Australia, 4051 pp. Arbab, A. (2006) Spatial distribution pattern of immature stages of alfalfa seed weevil, Tychius aureolus (Keiswetter) (Col., Curculionidae), and alfalfa seed wasp, Bruchophagus roddi (Gussakovski) (Hym., Eurytomidae) in alfalfa seed fields. Journal of Agricultural Sciences (Islamic Azad University) 12, 263–268 [in Persian, English summary]. Arbab, A., Gharali, B. and Zerova, M.D. (2004) Report of three species of Chalcidoidea from Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 24, 129–130. Askew, R.R., Sadeghi, S.E. and Tavakoli, M. (2006a) Chalcidoidea (Hym.) in galls of Diplolepis mayri (Schlechtendal) (Hym., Cynipidae) in Iran, with the description of a new species of Pseudotorymus Masi (Hym., Torymidae). Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 142, 1–6. Askew, R.R., Plantard, O., Gomez, J.F., Nieves, M.H. and Nieves-Aldrey, J.L. (2006b) Catalogue of parasitoids and inquilines in galls of Aylacini, Diplolepidini and Pediaspidini (Hym., Cynipidae) in the West Palaearctic. Zootaxa 1301, 1–60. Azizkhani, E., Rasulian, G.R., Kharazi-Pakdel, A., Sadeghi, S.E., Tavakoli, M. and Melika, G. (2005) Report of eight species of parasitoid wasps belonging to Chalcidoidea from cynipid galls on oak trees. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 25, 80. Azizkhani, E., Sadeghi, S.E., Rasulian, G.R., Omid, R., Moniri, V.R., Farashiani, M.E. and Salahi, A. (2008) Parasitoids associated with oak gall wasps in Lorestan province. Iranian Journal of Forest and Range Protection Research 5, 175–186. Azmayesh Fard, P. and Esmaili, M. (1974) The alfalfa seed chalcid Eurytoma (= Bruchophagus) roddi (Guss.) a potential pest in Iran. Proceedings of the 5th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, pp. 7–8. Basirat, M. and Seyedoleslami, H. (1998) Distribution, importance and biology of univoltine pistachio seed wasp Eurytoma plotnikovi Nikolskaya (Hym.: Eurytomidae) in

Chapter 10

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Isfahan province. Proceedings of the 13th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 23–27 August 1998, Karaj Junior College of Agriculture, p. 114. Basirat, M. and Seyedoleslami, H. (2000) Biology of pistachio seed wasp in Isfahan province, Iran. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources 4, 137–148 [in Persian, English summary]. Basiri, N., Lotfalizadeh, H. and Kazemi, M.H. (2012) Introduction to parasitoids of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in Meshkin-Shahr, Ardebil province, Iran. Journal of Field Crop Entomology 2(1), 53–64. Bouček, Z. (1952) A new pest of cumin, Systole albipennis Walk. (Eurytomidae, Chalc., Hym.). Folia Zoologica Entomologica 1, 4–9. Bouček, Z. (1977) A faunistic review of the Yugoslavian Chalcidoidea (parasitic Hymenoptera). Acta Entomologica Jugoslavica 13 (Supplement), 1–145. Bouček, Z. (1988) Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International, London, 832 pp. Burks, B.D. (1971) A synopsis of the genera of the family Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 97, 1–89. Çam, H. (2011) A checklist of the Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) species of Turkey. Zootaxa 3113, 53–64. Çam, H. (2012) Updated checklist of the Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) species of Turkey. Archives of Biological Science Belgrade 64, 667–674. Chen, Y., Xiao, H., Fu, J. and Huang, D. (2004) A molecular phylogeny of eurytomid wasps inferred from DNA sequence data of 28S, 18S, 16S, and COI genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 31, 300–307. Daneshvar, S., Talebi, A.A. and Fathipour, Y. (2009) The wasps associated with seeds and galls of Rosa canina in Iran. Advances in Environmental Biology 3, 61–68. Dashti, M. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2008) On the occurrence of Bruchophagus nikolskajae Zerova, 1975 (Hym.: Eurytomidae): a seed-eater wasp of Eremurus spectabilis in Iran. Proceedings of the 18th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 24–27 August 2008, University of Bu-Ali Sina Hamedan, p. 106. Davatchi, A. and Shojai, M. (1969) Les Hyménoptères Entomophages de l’Iran (études faunistiques). Vol. 107. Faculty Agriculture, University Publishing, Tehran, 88 pp. [in Persian, French summary]. Doğanlar, O., Yildirim, A.E. and Doğanlar, M. (2006) Natural enemy complex of Eurytoma amygdali Enderlein, 1907 (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae) in eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey, notes on their interaction and effectiveness. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences 2, 282–286. Dousti, A.F. (2006) The first record of Tetramesa maderae (Hym.: Eurytomidae) from Iran. Proceedings of the 17th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 2–5 September

Family Eurytomidae Walker, 1832

2006, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, p. 66. Ebrahimi, E. (1993) An introduction to the new six parasitoid wasps for the fauna of Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 12 and 13, 25. Eslamizadeh, R. and Ebrahimi, E. (2002) Biology and damage level of alfalfa seed wasp Bruchophagus gibbus (Boheman) (Eurytomidae) in Khuzestan province. Proceedings of the 15th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 7–11 September 2002, Razi University of Kermanshah, p. 28. Eslamizadeh, R., Shooshidezfuli, A.A., Barzkar, M. and Karami Nejad, M. (2008a) Investigation on the effect of last cutting time on damage rate of Bruchophagus gibbus on Baghdadi alfalfa seed yield in Khuzestan. Proceedings of the 18th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 24–27 August 2008, University of Bu-Ali Sina Hamedan, p. 388. Eslamizadeh, R., Barzkar, M., Shooshidezfuli, A.A. and Nobahar, M. (2008b) Evaluation of resistance of alfalfa varieties to alfalfa seed chalcid in Khoozestan northern Iran. Proceedings of the 18th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 24–27 August 2008, University of Bu-Ali Sina Hamedan, p. 389. Esmaili, M., Mirkarimi, A.A. and Azmayesh Fard, P. (1991) Agricultural Entomology. University of Tehran Publication, Tehran, Iran, 552 pp. Fallahzadeh, M., Narendran, T.C. and Saghaei, N. (2009) Insecta, Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eurytomidae and Torymidae in Iran. CheckList 5, 830–839. Farahbakhhsh, Gh. (1961) Checklist of Important Insect and other Enemies of Plants and Agricultural Products in Iran. Vol. 1. Department of Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Tehran, 153 pp. Fathi, S.A.A., Abedi, A.A. and Lotfalizadeh, H.A. (2016) Effect of sugar beet field margin vegetation of population density of the sugar beet weevil, Lixus incanescens Boh. and the percentage of its larval parasitism. Journal of Applied Researches in Plant Protection 4, 201–214 [in Persian, English summary]. Gates, M.W. (2008) Species Revision and Generic Systematics of World Rileyinae (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). No. 127, University of California Publications in Entomology series. University of California Press, Oakland, California, xii + 332 pp. Gebiola, M., Goméz-Zurita, J., Monti, M.M., Navones, P. and Bernardo, U. (2012) Integration of molecular, ecological, morphological and endosymbiont data for species delimitation within the Pnigalio soemius complex (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Molecular Ecology 21, 1190–2108. Ghahari, H. and Huang, J. (2016) The species of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) from Semnan province, Iran. Wuyi Science Journal 32, 52–56. Ghahari, H., Abd-Rabou, S., Sakenin, H., Hedqvist, K.J. and Ostovan, H. (2010) A contribution to some Chalcidoidea wasps (Hymenoptera) from Iran. Journal of Biological Control 24, 17–21.

247

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Ghahari, H., Myartseva, S.N. and Ruíz-Cancino, E. (2016) A faunistic study on some families of Chalcidoidea from Golestan province and vicinity, northern Iran. Folia Entomológica Mexicana 2, 10–15. Gharali, B. (2004) Study of natural enemies of safflower shoot flies in Ilam province. Proceedings of the 16th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 August – 1 September 2004, University of Tabriz, p. 54. Gharali, B. and Zerova, M.D. (2004а) The first report on Eurytoma acroptilae Zerova, 1986, parasitoid of safflower shoot flies from Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 71, 32–33. Gharali, B. and Zerova, M.D. (2004b) Natural enemies of safflower gall wasp, Isocolus sp. (Cynipidae: Aylacini) in Ilam province. Proceedings of the 16th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 August – 1 September 2004, University of Tabriz, p. 55. Gibson, G.A.P., Heraty, J.M. and Woolley, J.B. (1999) Phylogenetics and classification of Chalcidoidea and Mymarommatoidea – a review of current concepts (Hymenoptera, Apocrita). Zoologica Scripta 28, 87–124. Golestaneh, S.R., Sadeghi, S.E., Azizkhani, E. and Farrar, N. (2008) Oak cynipid gall wasps (Hym.: Cynipidae) and associated parasitoids on Persian oak, Quercus brantii in southern Zagros. Iranian Journal of Forest and Range Protection Research 6, 20–28 [in Persian, English summary]. Haeselbarth, E. (ed.) (1983) Determination List of Entomophagous Insects. No. 9. Bulletin 6, Section Regionale Ouest Palaearctique, Organisation Internationale de Lutte Biologique (OILB) [International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control of Noxious Animals and Plants, West Palaearctic Regional Section (IOBC/WPRS)], Paris, 49 pp. Haghighian, F. (2004) Bruchophagus astragali (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) as a pest of rangeland legumes in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiary province. Proceedings of the 16th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 August – 1 September 2004, University of Tabriz, p. 135. Haghighian, F. and Jahanbazi, H. (2017) Introduction of wild almond pests species in Karebas region in Chaharmahal & Bakhtiary province. Iranian Journal of Forest and Range Protection Research 15, 147–155 [in Persian, English summary]. Haghighian, F. and Sadeghi, S.E. (2010) Some biological aspects of a seed pest wasp, Bruchophagus astragali (Hym.: Eurytomidae), in rangelands of Chaharmahal & Bakhtiary province of Iran. Proceedings of the 7th International Congress of Hymenopterists, 20–26 June 2010, Köszeg, Hungary, p. 85. Haghighian, F., Yarmand, H., Sadeghi, S.E., Delvare, G., Shirmardi, H., Lotfalizadeh, H. and Moniri, V.R. (2011) Report of Bruchophagus abnormis Zerova 1984 (Hym.: Eurytomidae) from Iran. Iranian Journal of Forest and Range Protection Research 9, 78–89 [in Persian, English summary].

248

Hashemi, S.M. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2014) Hymenopterous parasitoids of Oxystoma ochropus (Germar) (Col.: Brentidae) in Ardabil province. Proceedings of the 21st Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 23–26 August 2014, Urmia University, p. 728. Hedicke, H. (1921) Beiträge zu einer Monographie der paläarktischen Isosominen (Hym., Chalc.). Archiv für Naturgeschichte (A) 86, 1–167. Heraty, J.M., Burks, R.A., Cruaud, A., Gibson, G.A.P, Liljebad, J. et al. (2013) A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Cladistics 29, 466–542. Hesami, S., Yefremova, Z., Ebrahimi, E. and Ostovan, H. (2006) Little known and new species of Eulophidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) from Iran. Entomofauna 27, 393–402. Hesami, Sh., Seyedebrahimi, S., Gheibi, M. and Zareie, R. (2010a) Occurrence of four species of Hymenoptera associated with Astragalus meridionalis in Fars province of Iran. Proceedings of the 19th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 31 July – 3 August 2010, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, p. 124. Hesami, S., Gheibi, M., Behzadi, M.R. and Seyedebrahimi, S. (2010b) Rose gall wasp, Diplolepis rosae (Hym., Cynipidae) and its associated wasps in Iran. Proceedings of IX European Congress of Entomology, 22–27 August 2010, Budapest, Hungary, p. 228. Hill, R.L., Gordon, A.J. and Neser, S. (2000) The potential role of Bruchophagus acaciae (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) in the integrated control of Acacia species in South Africa. Proceedings of the X International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds, 4–14 July 1999, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, pp. 919–929. Jalilvand, N. and Gholipour, Y. (2002) Pistachio production in Iran: II. Main Iranian pistachio pests. NUCIS Newsletter 11, 23–25. Kalantary, A.A., Safaralizadeh, M.H., Lotfalizadeh, H., Sadeghi, E., Aramideh, Sh. and Mirfakhraeai, Sh. (2017) Identification and introduction of Fabaceae seed eating eurytomids (Hym.: Eurytomidae) in North-Khorasan province. Proceedings of the 2nd Iranian International Congress of Entomology, p. 181. Kalantary, S.A.A., Safaralizadeh, M.H., Lotfalizadeh, H., Aramideh, Sh., Mirfakhrei, Sh. and Sadeghi, S.E. (2019) Identification and species diversity of seed feeding insects of rangelands legumes (Fabaceae) in the North Khorasan province. Iranian Journal of Forest and Range Protection Research 17, 82–95 [in Persian, English summary]. Karimpour, Y. (2012) First report of Aylax hypecoi (Hym.: Cynipidae: Aylacini) from Iran with some notes on its biology and parasitoids. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 32, 85–88. Karimpour, Y. (2017) First record of Tetramesa phragmitis (Hym.: Eurytomidae) in Iran. Biocontrol in Plant Protection 5, 99–102 [in Persian, English summary].

Chapter 10

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Karimpour, Y. and Lotfalizadeh, H.A. (2014) First report of Eurytoma cynipsea (Hym.: Eurytomidae) from Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 34, 51. Khanjani, M. and Kalafchi, M. (2000) Recognition of seed crop alfalfa pests and study on the biology of dominant injurious species in Hamadan. Proceedings of the 14th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 5–8 September 2000, Isfahan University of Technology, p. 24. Khanjani, M. and Kalafchi, M. (2003) Preliminary investigation on identification of seed alfalfa pests and life history studies of dominant destructive species in Hamadan. Journal of Agricultural Science (University of Tabriz) 13, 89–101. Khanmohamadi, F., Khajehali, J. and Izadi, H. (2016) Biology and thermal requirements of the almond seed wasp, Eurytoma amygdali (Hym.: Eurytomidae) in Zarinshar, Isfahan. Plant Pest Research 6, 39–49 [in Persian, English summary]. Khatima, A. and Reza, M. (2015) An overview on pest insect fauna of safflower fields in Iran. African Journal of Insects 2, 34–38. Lotfalizadeh, H. (2008) Sycophila mellea (Curtis, 1831) (Hym.: Chalcidoidea, Eurytomidae), new to Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 76, 153–154. Lotfalizadeh, H. and Gharali, B. (2007) Some notes on the genus Sycophila Walker, 1871 (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) in the west of Iran. Zoology in the Middle East 40, 77–84. Lotfalizadeh, H. and Gharali, B. (2012) Fauna of the family Eurytomidae (Hym.: Chalcidoidea) in the northwest of Iran. Proceedings of the 20th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 26–29 August 2012, University of Shiraz, p. 187. Lotfalizadeh, H. and Gharali, B. (2014) Hymenopterous parasitoids of safflower seed pests in Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 82, 1–11. Lotfalizadeh, H. and Hashemi, S.M. (2015) Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of the seed eater weevil, Oxystoma ochropus (Germar) (Coleoptera: Apionidae) in northwestern Iran. Acta Entomologica Serbica 20, 145–150. Lotfalizadeh, H. and Hosseini, F. (2014) Chalcidoid parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of Etiella zinckenella (Treitschke) (Lep.: Pyralidae) on Sophora alopecuroides L. in Iran. North-Western Journal of Zoology 10, 251–258. Lotfalizadeh, H. and Khalghani, J. (2008) Hymenopterous parasitoids (Hym.: Chalcidoidea) of xylophagous beetles in Iran. Entomofauna 29, 249–264. Lotfalizadeh, H. and Mohammadi-Khoramabadi, A. (2009) New distribution and host record of Eurytoma scrophulariae Zerova, 1981 (Hym.: Eurytomidae) from south of Iran. Biharean Biologist 3, 157–159. Lotfalizadeh, H. and Zarnegar, A. (2014a) A study of the family Eurytomidae (Hym.: Chalcidoidea) reared on rangeland Astragalus in Qazvin province. Proceedings of the 21st Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 23–26 August 2014, Urmia University, p. 702.

Family Eurytomidae Walker, 1832

Lotfalizadeh, H. and Zarnegar, A. (2014b) New record of Bruchophagus trigonellae Zerova (Hym.: Eurytomidae) from Iran. Proceedings of the 21st Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 23–26 August 2014, Urmia University, p. 783. Lotfalizadeh, H., Rasplus, J.Y. and Delvare, G. (2006) Rose gall wasps and their associated fauna (Hymenoptera) in Iran. Redia 89, 73–85. Lotfalizadeh, H., Delvare, G. and Rasplus, J.Y. (2007a) Eurytoma caninae sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae), a common species previously overlooked with E. rosae. Zootaxa 1640, 55–68. Lotfalizadeh, H., Delvare, G. and Rasplus, J.Y. (2007b) Phylogenetic analysis of Eurytominae (Chalcidoidea: Eurytomidae) based on morphological characters. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 151, 441–510. Lotfalizadeh, H., Delvare, G. and Rasplus, J.Y. (2008a) Sycophila pistacina (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae): a valid species. European Journal of Entomology 105, 137–147. Lotfalizadeh, H., Gharali, B. and Khalghani, J. (2008b) Parasitoids of some fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Iran. Proceedings of the 18th International Symposium, ‘Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology’ of the German Botanical Society, p. 256. Lotfalizadeh H., Avand Faghih, A., Roushandel, S. and Jafari Nadoushan, A. (2008c) Parasitoids of the almond seed wasp, Eurytoma amygdali Enderlein (Hym.: Eurytomidae) in Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 75, 151–152 [in Persian, English summary]. Lotfalizadeh, H., Delvare, G. and Rasplus, J.Y. (2010) The almond seed wasp, Eurytoma amygdali Enderlein (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) of Iran, morphological and molecular aspects. Proceedings of the 7 th International Congress of Hymenopterists, 20–26 June 2010, Köszeg, Hungary, p. 42. Lotfalizadeh, H., Rajabi, M. and Madjdzadeh, S.M. (2012) Parasitoid community of Diplolepis fructuum (Rübsaamen) (Hym.: Cynipidae) in Kerman Province, with checklist of associated Hymenoptera fauna in Iran. North-Western Journal of Zoology 8, 125–131. Madjdzadeh, S.M., Dawah, H.A. and Bruford, M. (2011) Morphometric differentiation of Tetramesa leucospae Zerova & Madjdzadeh, 2005, populations associated with two geographically isolated grass species in Iran (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). Zoology in the Middle East 52, 79–88. Madjdzadeh, M., Zerova, M. and Dawah, H (2005) A new species of Tetramesa (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae) from Iran. Vestnik Zoologii 39, 65–66. Marouf, A. and Ebrahimi, E. (2018) First report of Baryscapus bruchophagi (Hym.: Eulophidae) from Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 38, 361–363. Marouf, A., Ahmadi, R. and Maleki, M. (2019) Loss assessment of alfalfa seed infested by chalcid (Bruchophagus

249

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

roddi Guss.) in Zanjan province. Proceedings of the 3rd Iranian International Congress of Entomology, p. 55. Mehrnejad, M.R. (1999) The current status of the pistachio pests in Iran. In: Proceedings of XI GREMPA Meeting on Pistachio and Almond,Turkey, September 1999, pp. 315–322. Mehrnejad, M.R. (2001) The current status of pistachio pests in Iran. Cahiers Options Mediterranéennes 56, 315–322. Mehrnejad, M.R. (2008) The primary and secondary parasitoids of the pistachio twig borer moth, Kermania pistaciella Amsel (I). Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 75, 158–159 [in Persian, English summary]. Melika, G. and Gharaei, B. (2006) New species of herb galling cynipids (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae: Aylacini) from Iran. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 52, 385–399. Mena-Correa, J., Sivinski, J., Anzures-Dadda, A., RamirezRomero, R., Gates, M.W. and Aluja, M. (2010) Consideration of Eurytoma sivinskii Gates and Grissell, a eurytomid (Hymenoptera) with unusual foraging behaviours, as a biological control agent of Tephritid (Diptera) fruit flies. Biological Control 53, 9–17. Mirab-balou, M. and Radjabi, R. (2013) Lygus rugulipennis Poppius (Hemiptera: Miridae): a key pest on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in west of Iran, and checklist of the insect pests. Persian Gulf Crop Protection 2, 57–66. Modarres Awal, M. (1997) Family Eurytomidae. In: Modarres Awal, M. (ed.) List of Agricultural Pests and their Natural Enemies in Iran. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, Iran, p. 273. Modarres Awal, M. (2012) Family Eurytomidae. In: Modarres Awal, M. (ed.) List of Agricultural Pests and their Natural Enemies in Iran. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, Iran, pp. 502–503. Moeinadini, A., Madjdazeh, S.M. and Dwah, H. (2012) Five new species of the genus Eurytoma Illiger, 1807 (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eurytomidae) from Iran. Proceedings of the 20th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 26–29 August 2012, University of Shiraz, p. 205. Moeinadini, A., Madjdazeh, S.M. and Dwah, H. (2018) New records of the wasps (Eurytomidae) associated with Stipa arabica Trin. & Rupr (Poaceae) in Iran. Proceedings of the 20th National and the 8th International Congress on Biology, University of Maragheh, p. 81. Moetamedi Nia, B., Tavakkoli Korghond, Gh., Mahmoodi, H. and Doganlar, M. (2012) The first record of Eurytomid wasp, Eurytoma turkestanica Zerova & Fursov, 1991 (Hym.: Eurytomidae) for Iran. Proceedings of the 20th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 26–29 August 2012, University of Shiraz, p. 199. Mohammadbeigi, A. (2014) Studying on susceptibility of some alfalfa varieties to alfalfa seed chalcid (Bruchophagus roddi Guss.). Iranian Journal of Forest and Range Protection Research 12, 44–54 [in Persian, English summary].

250

Mohammadi, R., Lotfalizadeh, H. and Pashaii-Rad, S. (2011) Hymenopterous parasitoids associated with rose gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) at the north of West-Azerbaijan province: Composition of species and their seasonal changes. Journal of Crop Field Entomology 1, 17–30 [in Persian, English summary]. Mohammadi-Khoramabadi, A. (2016) A preliminary study on the seed beetle Caryedon angeri (Col.:Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae) feeding on Prosopis farcta (Fabaceae) in Yazd province, Iran. Proceedings of the 22nd Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 27–30 August 2016, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, p. 657. Mohammadi-Khoramabadi, A. and Amin, H. (2006) Preliminary screening of several varieties of almonds to almond seed wasp Eurytoma amygdali Enderlein in Mehriz of Yazd province. Proceedings of the 17th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 2–5 September 2006, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, p. 314. Mohammadi-Khoramabadi, A. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2011) Eurytoma iranicola (Hym.: Eurytomidae) as a gregarious ectoparasitoid of the Rosaceous branch borer Osphranteria coerulescens (Col.: Cerambycidae) in Iran. Plant Protection Journal 3, 275–279. Mohammadi-Khoramabadi, A., Gharali, B. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2019) Gall-inducing insects on Seriphidium herba-alba (Asteraceae) in central Iran. Proceedings of the 3rd Iranian International Congress of Entomology, p. 152. Moniri, V., Sadeghi, S.E., Yarmand, H., Azizkhani, E., Omid, R., Zinali, S. and Zamani, M. (2012) Preliminary study on seed insect pests of legume family in Iran. Proceedings of the 20th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 26–29 August 2012, University of Shiraz, p. 545. Moravvej, S.A., Shishehbor, P. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2016) A checklist of Chalcidoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Khuzestan in southwestern Iran. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 2, 121–142. Naghizadeh, A., Lotfalizadeh, H. and Nikdel, M. (2017a) Eurytoma trypeticola Zerova, 1978: first report in Iran and second finding in the world. Proceedings of the 2 nd Iranian International Congress of Entomology, p. 111. Naghizadeh, A, Lotfalizadeh, H. and Nikdel, M. (2017b) Systole nikolskayae (Zerova) (Hym.: Eurytomidae) pest of Salvia in the northwest of Iran. Proceedings of the 2nd Iranian International Congress of Entomology, p. 113. Naghizadeh, A, Lotfalizadeh, H., Nikdel, M. and Sadeghi, E. (2018) Fauna of the genus Bruchophagus (Hym.: Eurytomidae) in East-Azarbaijan province, Iran. Journal of Entomological Research 9, 373–392 [in Persian, English summary]. Naghizadeh, A, Lotfalizadeh, H. and Nikdel, M. (2019) Aximopsis trypeticola (Zerova, 1978) n. comb. (Hym.:

Chapter 10

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Eurytomidae) a parasitoid of Bruchidius virgatus (Fahraeus, 1839) in Iran. Biharean Biologist 13, 47–48. Narendran, T.C. (1994) Torymidae and Eurytomidae of Indian Subcontinent. University of Calicut, Kerala, India, 496 pp. Narendran, T.C. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (1999) A new species of Eurytoma Illiger (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) parasitic on Eulecanium rugulosum Arch. (Homoptera: Coccidae) from Iran. Iran Agricultural Research 18, 197–204. Nazemi-Rafie, J., Talebi, A.A., Sadeghi, E. and Melika, G. (2007) Parasitoids (Hym., Chalcidoidea) reared from oak gall wasps (Hym., Cynipidae) in west of Iran, with five new species records. Journal of the Entomological Research Society 9, 43–56. Neser, O.C. (2008) Eurytoma bryophylli sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), a leafborer of Bryophyllum delagoense (Crassulaceae) from Madagascar and a candidate for the biocontrol of the plant in Australia. African Entomology 16, 60–67. Nikol’skaya, M.N. (1952) The Chalcid Fauna of the USSR (Chalcidoidea). No. 44 in series Opredeliteli po Faune SSR [Keys to the Fauna of the USSR]. Zoologicheskim Institutom Akademii Nauk SSSR [Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR], Moscow and Leningrad, 575 pp. [in Russian] [English translation (1963), Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, 593 pp.] Noyes, J.S. (2019) Universal Chalcidoidea Database. Available at: www.nhm.ac.uk/chalcidoids (accessed December 2019). Otten, E. (1941) Gezogene Chalcididen und ihre Wirte. II. Arbeiten über Morphologische und Taxonomische Entomologie 8, 255–266. Özdikmen, H. (2011) New names for some preoccupied specific epithets in Chalcidoidea II: families Eupelmidae, Eurytomidae, Mymaridae, Perilampidae, Pteromalidae, Torymidae (Hymenoptera: Parasitica). Munis Entomology and Zoology 6, 832–855. Parsa, M., Adeli-Manesh, H., Sadeghi, S.E., Lotfalizadeh, H., Al-Sendi, A. et al. (2018) New trophic associations for some Bruchophagus species (Hym.: Eurytomidae) in Iran. Iranian Journal of Forest and Range Protection Research 16, 107–117. Peck, O. (1963) A catalogue of the Nearctic Chalcidoidea (Insecta, Hymenoptera). The Canadian Entomologist (Supplement) 30, 1–1092. Popescu, I.E. (2004) Eurytomid wasps (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eurytomidae) new for Romanian fauna (II). Analele Ştiinţifice ale Universităţii ‘Al. I. Cuza’ Iaşi (Biologie Animala) LII, 100–101. Pourtaherzari, R., Shishehbor, P. and Islamizadeh, R. (2008) Population dynamics of weevil Hypolixus pica, the natural enemy of wild amaranth, Amaranthus retroflexus, in citrus orchards and identification of its parasitoids in Dezful. Plant Protection Journal (Islamic Azad University) 1, 369–378.

Family Eurytomidae Walker, 1832

Radjabi, Gh. (1991) Insects Attacking Rosaceous Fruit Trees in Iran. Vol. 1: Coleoptera. 2nd edn. Plant Pests and Disease Research Institute Publication, Tehran, Iran, 221 pp. Rafiei, Z., Azdoo, Z., Arefi, H. and Mirdavoodi, H. (2006) Comparison of the density of Eurytoma plotnikovi on Pistacia atlantica in different cross genotypes in Markazi province. IV. International Symposium on Pistachios and Almonds, Tehran, Iran, 2006. ISHS Acta Horticulturae 726, 123–128. Raiat Roknabadi, A., Abai, M. and Omid, R. (2000) Final report of research on study and identification of biology and natural enemies identification in Yazd province. Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization Publication, 40 pp. [in Persian]. Rakhshani, E., Talebi, A.A., Sadeghi, S.E., Ebrahimi, E. and Thuroczy, C. (2003) Report of five wasps species associated with dog rose galls in Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 23, 107–108. Rakhshani, E., Talebi, A.A. and Narendran, T.C. (2005) Report of Bruchophagus robiniae (Hym.: Eurytomidae) from Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 25, 81–82. Rezaei, N., Mossadegh, M.S. and Hodjat, H. (2006) Aphids and their natural enemies in wheat and barley fields in Khuzestan. The Scientific Journal of Agriculture 29, 127–137. Sadeghi, S.E., Assareh, M.H. and Tavakoli, M. (2009) Oak Gall Wasps of Iran. Ministry of Jihade-Agriculture, Education and Extension Organization, Research Institute of Forests and Randlands, Tehran, Iran, 286 pp. [in Persian]. Saeidi, K. (2013) Hymenopterous pupal parasitoids of Acanthiophilus helianthi Rossi (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Kohgiloyeh safflower farms. Proceedings of the 2nd Global Conference on Entomology, November 8–12, 2013, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia, p. 28. Saeidi, K. (2015) Pupal hymenopterous parasitoids of Acanthiophilus helianthi (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Kohgiluyeh safflower farms. Plant Protection Journal 7, 47–57 [in Persian, English summary]. Saeidi, K. and Adam, N.A. (2011) A survey on pest insect fauna of safflower fields in the Iranian province of Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad. African Journal of Agricultural Research 6, 4441–4446. Saeidi, K., Mirfakhraei, S., Mehrkhou, F. and Valizadegan, O. (2015) Biodiversity of insects associated with safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) crop in Gachsaran, Iran. Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research 47, 26–30. Saeidi, K., Mirfakhraie, S. and Mehrkhou, F. (2016a) Hymenopterous parasitoids attacking Acanthiophilus helianthi Rossi (Diptera: Tephritidae) pupae in Kohgiluyeh safflower farms of Iran. Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research 48, 308–313. Saeidi, K., Nourbakhsh, S.H., Heydari, M., Nemati, A. and Khalil Moghadam, A. (2016b) Study resistance mechanism

251

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

of different almond genotypes to almond seed wasps (Eurytoma amygdali). Proceedings of 22nd Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 27–30 August 2016, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, p. 645. Saeidi, B., Lotfalizadeh, H. and Gharali, B. (2018) A new record of cynipsea-group of Eurytoma (Hym.: Eurytomidae) from Iran. Proceedings of the 23rd Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 27–30 August 2018, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, p. 888. Saghaei, N., Fallahzadeh, M. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2018) Annotated catalog of Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera: Chacidoidea) from Iran. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 144, 263–293. Sakenin Chelav, H., Samin, N.S.N., Shaaban AbdRabou, M., Gençer, L. and Naderian, H. (2018) A faunistic study on Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) of Iran. Natura Somogyiensis 32, 11–20. Sakenin, H., Samin, N., Trjapitzin, V.A., Dzhanokmen, K.A., Prinsloo, G.L. and Abd-Rabou, S. (2019) A faunistic study on Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) of Iran. Calodema 733, 1–5. Samin, N. (2015) A faunistic study on some families of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) from Iran. Arquivos Entomolóxicos 14, 119–124. Samin, N. and Farzaneh, M.H. (2016) A faunistic study on some families of Hymenoptera from Iran. Wuyi Science Journal 32, 44–51. Shahand, S. and Karimpour, Y. (2017) Biology of mugwort weevil, Lixus fasciculatus (Col.: Curculionidae) on Artemisia vulgaris (Asteraceae) in Urmia region. Biocontrol in Plant Protection 5, 45–57. Shahhosseini, M.J. and Kamali, K. (1989) A checklist of insects, mites and rodents affecting stored products in Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 9 (Supplement), 1–47. Shimi, P., Bayat-Asadi, H., Reza-Panah, M. and Koliaii, R. (1995) A study of Smicronyx robustus Faust (Curculionidae) as a biological control agent of eastern dodder (Cuscuta monogyna Vahl.) in Iran. Journal of Agricultural Science (Islamic Azad University) 1, 43–51 [in Persian, English summary]. Shojai, M. (1968) Resultats de l’etude faunestique des hymenopteres parasites (Terebrants) en Iran et importance de leur utilisation dans la lutte biologique. Proceedings of the 1st Iranian Plant Protection Congress, pp. 25–35. Shojai, M. (1998) Entomology (Ethology Social Life and Natural Enemies) (Biological Control). 3rd vol., 3rd edn. University of Tehran Publication, Tehran, Iran, 550 pp. [in Persian]. Shojai, M., Ostovan, H., Mojdehi, H., Zamanizadeh, H., Rahjoo, V. et al. (2001) Survival dependence of pathogenic fungus: Ophiostoma ulmi (Buisman) with its host trees, insects vectors and its role in integrated pest management in preventing and controlling the Dutch elm disease. Journal of Agricultural Sciences

252

(Islamic Azad University) 7, 1–19 [in Persian, English summary]. Shorthouse, J.D., Leggo, J.J., Sliva, M.D. and Lalonde, R.G. (2005) Has egg location influenced the radiation of Diplolepis (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) gall wasps on wild roses? Basic and Applied Ecology 6, 423–434. Stage, G.I. and Snelling, R.R. (1986) The subfamilies of Eurytomidae and systematics of the subfamily Heimbrinae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Contributions in Science 375, 1–17. Stojanova, A. and Ghahari, H. (2009) Checklists of Iranian Eurytomidae and Torymidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Linzer biologische Beiträge 41, 845–862. Stojanova, A., Civelek, H.S., Yörük, B., Sari, A. and Atahan, T. (2012) Checklists of Turkish Eurytomidae Walker, 1832 and Torymidae Walker, 1833 (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi 36, 69–82. Taeger, A., Gaedike, H. and Blank, S.M. (2005) Katalog der primaren Hymenopteren-Typen des DEI. Beiträge zur Entomologie 55, 151–250. Taheri Sarhozaki, M. and Safavi, S.A. (2012) Comparison of infestation rates of pistachio commercial varieties to Eurytoma plotnikovi Nikolskaya (Hym.: Eurytomidae), Megastigmus pistacia Walker (Hym: Toymidae) Birjand, Iran. Proceedings of the 20th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 26–29 August 2012, University of Shiraz, p. 712. Taheri Sarhozaki, M., Safavi, S.A. and Razmi, M. (2012) Investigation appearance times of the pistachio seed wasp, Eurytoma plotnikovi Nikolskaya (Hym.: Eurytomidae) in commercial varieties of pistachio in orchards and laboratory conditions in Birjand, Iran. Proceedings of the 20th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 26–29 August 2012, University of Shiraz, p. 669. Tavakoli, M., Melika, G., Sadeghi, S.E., Askew, R.R., Stone, G.N. et al. (2010) Parasitoid communities (Chalcidoidea) of oak gall wasps of Iran (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Proceedings of the 7th International Congress of Hymenopterists, 20–26 June 2010, Köszeg, Hungary, pp. 115–116. Tavakoli-Korghond, G. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2019) First record of Nikanoria mongolica Zerova, 1971 (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) in Iran. Proceedings of the 3rd Iranian International Congress of Entomology, p. 139. Zargaran, M.R., Sadeghi, S.E., Bakhshali Saatlo, V. and Melika, G. (2008) Identification of oak gallwasps parasitoids in West Azarbaijan. Proceedings of the 18th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 24–27 August 2008, University of Bu-Ali Sina Hamedan, p. 83. Zarnegar, A. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2014) New record of Bruchophagus trigonellae Zerova (Hym.: Eurytomidae) from Iran. Proceedings of the 21st Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 23–26 August 2014, Urmia University, p. 783.

Chapter 10

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Zerova, M.D. (1972) New Systole Walk. species from Middle Asia (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 51(6), 922–924 [in Russian]. Zerova, M.D. (1978) Hymenoptera Parasitica. Chalcidoidea – Eurytomidae. No. 11 in series Fauna Ukraini, Institute of Zoology, Academy of Science of Ukraine. Naukova Dumka Publishers, Kiev, Ukraine, 360 pp. [in Ukrainian]. Zerova, M.D. (1994) The species of the genus Eurytoma Illiger (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae) developing in seeds of Euphorbia spp. in Palaearctic region. Entomological Review 73, 433–444 [in Russian]. Zerova, M.D. (1995) The Parasitic Hymenoptera – Subfamilies Eurytominae and Eudecatominae (Chalcidoidea, Eurytomidae) of the Palaearctics. Naukova Dumka Publishers, Kiev, Ukraine, 457 pp. [in Russian]. Zerova, M.D. (2007) A new replacement name in the genus Eurytoma (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae). Vestnik Zoologii 41, 80 [in Russian]. Zerova, M.D. (2010) Palaearctic species of the genus Eurytoma (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eurytomidae): morpho-biological analysis, trophical associations, keys for identification. Vestnik Zoologii (special issue) 24, 1–203. Zerova, M.D. (2013) The Revision of Species of the Genus Nikanoria (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae) of World Fauna. Naukova Dumka Publishers, Kiev, Ukraine, 126 pp. [in Russian]. Zerova, M.D. (2017) A key to the Palaearctic genera of the family Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea), with review of trofic associations. Ukrainska Entomofaunistyka 8, 41–47. Zerova, M.D. (2018) Review of Palaearctic genera of the family Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Proceedings of papers of Zoological Museum of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 49, 24–37 [in Russian]. Zerova, M.D. (2019) Review of Palaearctic genera of the family Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Proceedings of Eurasian Symposium on Hymenoptera, Russian Entomological Society, 9–15 September 2019, Vladivostok, Russian Federation, pp. 11–12. Zerova, M.D. and Fursov, V.N. (1991) The Palearctic species of Eurytoma (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) developing in stone fruits (Rosaceae: Prunoideae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 81, 209–219. Zerova, M.D. and Seryogina, L.Ya. (1994) The Seedfeeding Chalcidoidea of Palaearctics. Naukova Dumka Publishers, Kiev, Ukraine, 232 pp. [in Russian]. Zerova, M.D. and Seryogina, L.Y. (2006) A review of Palaearctic species of the genus Eurytoma of robusta species group (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae) with a description of two new species. Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal 85, 1096–1106.

Family Eurytomidae Walker, 1832

Zerova, M.D. and Seryogina, L.Y. (2009) A review of Palaearctic species of the Eurytoma cynipsea group (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae) with a description of a new species from Iran. Entomological Review 89, 721–729. Zerova, M.D. and Seryogina, L.Y. (2010) Description of male and redescription of female of Eurytoma calicotomae (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae). Vestnik Zoologii 44, 553–555. Zerova, M.D., Mehrnejad, M.R., Gharaei, B. and Seryogina, L.Y. (2004) Two new species of the genus Eurytoma (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae) from Iran. Vestnik Zoologii 38, 81–84. Zerova, M.D., Seryogina, L.Y. and Karimpour, Y. (2008) New species of the chalcidoid wasps of the families Eurytomidae and Torymidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) from Iran. Vestnik Zoologii 42, 489–496. Zerova, M.D., Al-Sendi, A., Fursov, V.N., Adeli-Manesh, H., Sadeghi, S.E., Forouzani, S. and Haghshenas, A.R. (2018) The first record of Exeurytoma anatolica Сam (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eurytomidae) in Iran. Ukrainian Entomological Journal 14, 35–38. Zerova, M.D., Al-Sendi, A., Fursov, V.N., Adeli-Manesh, H., Sadeghi, S.E. and Pirouzi, F. (2019a) Two new species of the genus Systole (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eurytomidae), with first record of S. complanata from Iran. Vestnik Zoologii 53, 107–112. Zerova, M.D., Al-Sendi, A., Fursov, V.N., Adeli-Manesh, H., Sadeghi, S.E. and Pirouzi, F. (2019b) The description of a new Bruchophagus species (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eurytomidae) developing in seeds of Melilotus officinalis (L.) Descr. (Fabaceae) in Iran. Ukrainian Entomological Journal 1, 12–15. Zhang, Y.M. (2012) An integrative approach to distinguishing taxonomically challenging microhymenoptera: Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) associated with cynipid galls on rose. MSc thesis in Biology, Laurentian University, Canada, 122 pp. Zhang, Y.M., Gates, M.W. and Shorthouse, J.D. (2017) Revision of Canadian Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) associated with galls induced by cynipid wasps of the genus Diplolepis Geoffroy (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) and description of a new species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 61, 1–29. Zohdi, H., Ebrahimi, S.J. and Shekarcheian, A. (2016) Study on altitude in abundance of Eurytoma plotnikovi Nikol’skaya (Hym: Eurytomidae) and Megastigmus pistacia Walker (Hym: Torymidae) in wild pistachio forest of Khabr and Dehbekri in Kerman province. Proceedings of the 22nd Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 27–30 August 2016, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, p. 590. Zomorrodi, A. (1990) Plants and Agricultural Products Sanitation. Diba, Tehran, Iran, 598 pp. [in Persian].

253

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

  Leucospis dorsigera Fabricius, 1775 – ♀ (Leucospidae) [photo courtesy of I.E. Popescu]

  Leucospis dorsigera Fabricius, 1775 – ♂ (Leucospidae) [photo courtesy of I.E. Popescu]

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

11

Family Leucospidae Walker, 1834 Christian Schmid-Egger, Gary A.P. Gibson and Hassan Ghahari

Leucospidae is a small and rarely encountered family that includes 140 extant and one fossil species (Introduction, Table I.1) in four genera: Leucospis Fabricius, Micrapion Kriechbaumer, Neleucospis Bouč ek and Polistomorpha Westwood (Noyes, 2019). Only Leucospis occurs in Iran and the Palaearctic region (Bouč ek, 1974a; Ye et al., 2017). Leucospids are most similar to species of the family Chalcididae because of their large size (8–12 mm), usually non-metallic coloration with yellow or red stripes on a black ground, robust and strongly sclerotized, coarsely punctured head and thorax, and hind leg with an enlarged and ventrally toothed femur and strongly curved tibia. However, individuals of Leucospis are readily distinguished from Chalcididae because females have the ovipositor sheaths upturned over the gaster and males have the gastral tergites beyond the second tergite fused into a carapace. Further, all leucospids share a special character with Vespidae (Hymenoptera), because the fore wing is usually folded lengthwise (Arias-Penna, 2006, 2008; Hanson, 2006). Although Leucospidae includes some of the largest chalcidoid wasps, their classification was incredibly complicated and confused because of rampant synonymy until the world revision by Bouč ek (1974a), who provided keys to the four recognized genera and to the then 130 world species (Darling and Cardinal, 2005). Leucospidae was included as a subfamily in Chalcididae (Riek, 1970) prior to Bouček (1974a), but since then has usually been considered as the monophyletic sister group of Chalcididae (Bouč ek, 1974a; Wijesekara, 1997; Gibson et  al., 1999). This relationship was supported by the parsimony analysis of Heraty et al. (2013), but their likelihood analysis retrieved Leucospidae as the sister group of Chalcedectini (Pteromalidae, Cleonyminae), another group characterized by a robust, strongly sclerotized and sculptured body, enlarged and toothed hind femur, and curved hind tibia (Gibson et al., 1999; AriasPenna, 2006; Narendran and van Achterberg, 2016).

Leucospidae are rather specialized in their host relations and develop as parasitoids in the nests of Aculeate Hymenoptera. Most Palaearctic species parasitize solitary bees of the family Megachilidae (Bouček, 1959; Schmid-Egger, 2010), but also of solitary wasps of the families Eumenidae and Sphecidae (Grissell and Schauff, 1997). However, hosts are actually known only for about 30 species and biology remains essentially undocumented for most species (Bouč ek, 1974b; Hanson, 2006; AriasPenna, 2008). The fauna of Iranian Leucospidae appears to be comparatively well studied, with the six species of Leucospis we include in our checklist (~4.3% of the world species) also being recorded by different authors, though the only previous checklist is by Ghahari (2019). Others that have treated Iranian Leucospidae include Schletterer (1890), Nikol’skaya, (1952, 1960), Bouč ek (1974a), Hesami et  al. (2005), Peeters and Kuper (2006), Lotfalizadeh and Fakhrzadeh (2012), Madl and Schwarz (2014), Madl (2015) and Samin and Farzaneh (2016). None of the reported species are endemic to Iran. The species have been recorded from only 13 provinces: Golestan (four species), East Azarbaijan (three species), Kerman, Mazandaran, and Sistan & Baluchestan (each with two species), and Fars, Guilan, Kordestan, Kuhgiloyeh & Boyerahmad, Northern Khorasan, Qazvin, Tehran, and Yazd (each with one species) (Table 21.4). The hosts of most leucospid species are unknown in Iran and thus biological investigations could be an interesting research topic. Species of Leucospis are not helpful for plant protection because they parasitize Megachilidae, Eumenidae and Sphecidae (Hymenoptera), which are important pollinators (Free, 1993; Delaplane and Mayer, 2000; Ghahari, 2017, 2019). Comparison of the leucospid fauna of Iran (six species) with adjacent countries (Table 21.5) shows that it has the same number of species as Turkey

© CAB International 2021. Chalcidoidea of Iran (Insecta: Hymenoptera) (eds. H. Ghahari, G.A.P. Gibson and G. Viggiani). DOI: 10.1079/9781789248463.0011

255

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

(Baur and Amiet, 2000; Noyes, 2019), followed by Russia (five species), United Arab Emirates (four species), Afghanistan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan (each with three species), Armenia, Azerbaijan and Pakistan (each with two species) and Saudi Arabia (one species); no species have been recorded from Bahrain, Iraq, Kuwait, Oman or Qatar (Noyes, 2019). Furthermore, six species were recorded from the former USSR (Noyes, 2019) and if the exact localities of these species were known then the number of species from Russia and Middle Asian countries adjacent to Iran would be increased. All the species recorded from Iran are shared with Turkey, whereas five species are shared with Russia, three species with Afghanistan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan, and two species with Armenia, Azerbaijan and Pakistan. Four species are recorded from United Arab Emirates (Schmid-Egger, 2010), none of which are yet known from Iran, but Leucospis elegans Klug, 1834 and L. vanharteni Schmid-Egger, 2010, might be expected in southern Iran.

Checklist of Iranian LEUCOSPIDAE Walker, 1834 Genus Leucospis Fabricius, 1775 Leucospis bifasciata Klug, 1812 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari (2019), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh and Fakhrzadeh, 2012), Mazandaran (Samin and Farzaneh, 2016). General distribution: Albania, Azerbaijan, Bosnia Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Caucasus, Croatia, Cyprus, France, Greece, Iran, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Lebanon, Montenegro, Spain, Syria, Tadzhikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, former USSR, Uzbekistan. Comments: Lotfalizadeh and Fakhrzadeh (2012) stated that L. bifasciata was recorded from Alborz Mountains by Bouček (1959). Leucospis biguetina Jurine, 1807 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari (2019), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Madl and Schwarz, 2014), Golestan (new material examined, leg. Liebig, det. Schmid-Egger), Guilan (Samin and Farzaneh, 2016), Sistan & Baluchestan (Bouček, 1974a).

256

General distribution: Algeria, Austria, Bosnia Hercegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Montenegro, Morocco, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, former USSR. Leucospis brevicauda Fabricius, 1804 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari (2019). Distribution in Iran: Kordestan (Samin and Farzaneh, 2016). General distribution: Algeria, Italy, Morocco, Tunisia, Turkey. Leucospis dorsigera Fabricius, 1775 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari (2019), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh and Fakhrzadeh, 2012; Madl and Schwarz, 2014), Fars, Golestan (new material examined, leg. Liebig, det. Schmid-Egger), Kerman (Madl and Schwarz, 2014), Northern Khorasan, Qazvin (Lotfalizadeh and Fakhrzadeh, 2012), Sistan & Baluchestan (Bouček, 1974a), Yazd (Hesami et al., 2005), Iran (no specific locality) (Nikol’skaya, 1960; Bouček, 1974a; Peeters and Kuper, 2006; Madl, 2015). General distribution: Afghanistan, Algeria, Austria, Bulgaria, Caucasus, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, former USSR. Comments: Hesami et  al. (2005) reported L. dorsigera as a hyperparasitoid of Xorides corcyrensis (Kriechbaumer, 1894) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Leucospis gigas Fabricius, 1793 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari (2019), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Golestan, Sistan & Baluchestan (Lotfalizadeh and Fakhrzadeh, 2012), Kerman, Kuhgiloyeh & Boyerahmad (Madl and Schwarz, 2014), Iran (no specific locality) (Schletterer, 1890; Nikol’skaya, 1960; Bouček, 1974a). General distribution: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Austria, Bosnia Hercegovina, Caucasus, China, Croatia, Egypt, France, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Hungary, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Lebanon, Libya, Macedonia, Malta, Morocco, Pakistan, Romania, Russia,

Chapter 11

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Syria, Tadzhikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United States of America, former USSR, Uzbekistan. Leucospis intermedia Illiger, 1807 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari (2019), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Golestan, Tehran (new material examined, leg. Liebig, det. Schmid-Egger), Mazandaran (Madl and Schwarz, 2014; Samin and Farzaneh, 2016), Iran (no specific locality) (Nikol’skaya, 1952; Bouč ek, 1974a). General distribution: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Caucasus, China, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Libya, Moldova, Morocco, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Syria, Tadzhikistan, Turkey, Ukraine, former USSR, Uzbekistan.

References Arias-Penna, D.C. (2006) Familia Leucospidae. In: Fernández, F. and Sharkey, M.J. (eds) Introducción a los Hymenoptera de la Región Neotropical. Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología y Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá DC, Colombia, pp. 661–666. Arias-Penna, D.C. (2008) New records of species of Leucospidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) for Colombia. Acta Biológica Colombiana 13, 163–168. Baur, H. and Amiet, F. (2000) The Leucospidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Switzerland, with a key and data on the European species. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 107(2), 359–388. Bouček, Z. (1959) A revised key to the West-Palaearctic species of Leucospis (Hym.: Chalcidoidea), with some new synonymy. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Prage 33, 435–444. Bouček, Z. (1974a) A revision of the Leucospidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) of the world. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) Supplement 23, 1–241. Bouček, Z. (1974b) Description of the new Leucopsis [sic] (Hymenoptera: Leucospidae) from Bolivia. Studia Entomologica 17, 430–432. Darling, D.C. and Cardinal, S. (2005) The world speciesgroups of Leucospis (Hymenoptera: Leucospidae) – thirty years later. Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemoslovacae 69, 49–64. Delaplane, K.S. and Mayer, D.F. (2000) Crop Pollination by Bees. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 343 pp.

Family Leucospidae Walker, 1834

Free, J.B. (1993) Insect Pollination of Crops, 2nd edn. Academic Press, London, 684 pp. Ghahari, H. (2017) Pollinator Insects and Honey Bee. Publication of Jame Elmi Karbordi University, Karaj, 312 pp. [in Persian]. Ghahari, H. (2019) Annotated checklist of Iranian Leucospidae and Tetracampidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Entomological News 128, 161–168. Gibson, G.A.P., Heraty, J.M. and Woolley, J.B. (1999) Phylogenetics and classification of Chalcidoidea and Mymarommatoidea – a review of current concepts (Hymenoptera: Apocrita). Zoologica Scripta 28, 87–124. Grissell, E. and Schauff, M.E. (1997) A Handbook of the Families of Nearctic Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). 2nd edn. Entomological Society of Washington, Washington, DC, 87 pp. Hanson, P.E. (2006) Familia Leucospidae. In: Hanson, P.E. and Gauld, I.D. (eds) Hymenoptera de la Región Neotropical. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, Vol. 77. AEI, Gainesville, Florida, pp. 388–390. Heraty, J.M., Burks, R.A., Cruaud, A., Gibson, G.A.P., Liljeblad, J. et  al. (2013) A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Cladistics 29, 466–542. Hesami, S., Akrami, A.A. and Baur, H. (2005) Leucospis dorsigera Fabricius (Hymenoptera, Leucospidae) as a hyperparasitoid of Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) through Xoridinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in Iran. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 14, 66–68. Lotfalizadeh, H. and Fakhrzadeh, N. (2012) A short review of the family Leucospidae (Hym.: Chalcidoidea) in Iran. Biharean Biologist 6, 51–54. Madl, M. (2015) Notes on Palaearctic Leucospidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea), especially from Libya, Egypt, Iran and Pakistan. Linzer biologische Beiträge 47, 665–666. Madl, M. and Schwarz, M. (2014) Notes on Palaearctic species of the family Leucospidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea), with new records from North Africa and Middle East. Linzer biologische Beiträge 46, 1569–1580. Narendran, T.C. and van Achterberg, C. (2016) Revision of the family Chalcididae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) from Vietnam, with the description of 13 new species. ZooKeys 576, 1–202. Nikol’skaya, M.N. (1952) The Chalcid Fauna of the USSR (Chalcidoidea). No. 44 in series Opredeliteli po Faune SSR [Keys to the Fauna of the USSR]. Zoologicheskim Institutom Akademii Nauk SSSR [Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR], Moscow and Leningrad, 575 pp. [in Russian] [English translation (1963), Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, 593 pp.] Nikol’skaya, M.N. (1960) Chalcids of Families Chalcididae and Leucospidae. Fauna SSSR, Moscow and Leningrad, 221 pp. [in Russian].

257

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Noyes, J.S. (2019) Universal Chalcidoidea Database. Available at: www.nhm.ac.uk/chalcidoids (accessed December 2019). Peeters, T.M.J. and Kuper, J.T. (2006) De wesp Leucospis dorsigera (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Leucospidae) nadert onze grens. Nieuwsbrief sectie Hymenoptera 24, 62–64. Riek, E.F. (1970) Hymenoptera (wasps, bees, ants). In: CSIRO (ed.) The Insects of Australia, Vol. II, 1st edn. Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, pp. 867–959. Samin, N. and Farzaneh, M.H. (2016) A faunistic study on some families of Hymenoptera from Iran. Wuyi Science Journal 32, 44–51.

258

Schletterer, A. (1890) Die Gruppe der HymenopterenGattungen Leucospis Fab., Polistomorpha Westw. und Marres Walk. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 35, 166, 247, pl. 6. Schmid-Egger, C. (2010) Order Hymenoptera, family Leucospidae. Arthropod Fauna of the UAE 3, 319–324. Wijesekara, G.A.W. (1997) Phylogeny of Chalcididae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) and its Congruence with Contemporary Hierarchical Classification. Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, Vol. 29. AEI, Gainesville, Florida, 61 pp. Ye, X.-H., van Achterberg, C., Yue, Q. and Xu, Z.-F. (2017) Review of the Chinese Leucospidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Zookeys 651, 107–157.

Chapter 11

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

  Bootanomyia dorsalis (Fabricius, 1798) – ♀ (Megastigmidae) [photo courtesy of I.E. Popescu]

  Megastigmus aculeatus (Swederus, 1795) – ♀ (Megastigmidae) [photo courtesy of I.E. Popescu]

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

12

Family Megastigmidae Thomson, 1876 Marina D. Zerova, Petr Janšta, Hassan Ghahari, Gary A.P. Gibson, Mikdat Doğanlar, Irinel E. Popescu and Victor N. Fursov

Megastigmidae is the most recently recognized family of Chalcidoidea following the reclassification of the family Torymidae by Janšta et al. (2018) and includes 214 described species in 12 genera worldwide (Petr Janšta, unpublished). Prior to Janšta et al. (2018), Megastigmidae was universally recognized as a subfamily of Torymidae (e.g. Grissell, 1979, 1995, 1997, 1999; Grissell and Shauff, 1997; Gibson et  al., 1999; Heraty et  al., 2013). The multilocus molecular analysis of Janšta et  al. (2018) recovered both Megastigminae and Toryminae as monophyletic groups, but never as sister-groups. In that study, Megastigminae always appeared to be more closely related to Ormyridae, some Pteromalidae and possibly Agaonidae than to Torymidae. However, the exact position of both families within Chalcidoidea still needs to be clarified based on broad taxon sampling. The nonmonophyly of Megastigminae + Toryminae had previously been suggested by Gómez et al. (2008) after a phylogenetic study of the last instar larvae of the two groups. Megastigmidae is known from all zoogeographical regions (Ganeshan and Madl, 2015; Janšta et al., 2018). Members of the family Megastigmidae are distinctive, being readily distinguished by their characteristic fore wing venation, the marginal vein often being shorter than the postmarginal vein and the stigmal vein usually at a right-angle to the marginal vein, but at least with a knob-like stigma that is greatly enlarged, usually higher than wide, and subequal in height or higher than the costal cell (Janšta et  al., 2018). Individuals are also usually non-metallic, yellow with dark parts, the pronotum dorsally is long, usually almost as long as the midlobe of the mesoscutum; the head, pronotum and mesonotum have only a few symmetrically arranged

long setae and the hind coxae are quite short, not more than twice the length of the mid coxae versus at least 2.5 times in Torymidae (Janšta et al., 2018). In general, Megastigmidae are parasitoids of plant gall-formers or are phytophagous, either gall formers or seed eaters. The larvae of several species destroy the seeds of various kinds of conifers and are of particular importance as pests in forestry (Kamijo, 1962; Zerova and Seryogina, 1994; Grissell, 1999; Roques and Skrzypczynska, 2003). Prior to our present checklist, all species of Megastigmidae recorded from Iran were treated as part of the family Torymidae. Farahbakhsh (1961), followed by Modarres Awal (1997), listed one species, Megastigmus pistaciae  Walker, whereas Stojanova and Ghahari (2009) listed seven species, Fallahzadeh et  al. (2009) listed eight species and Modarres Awal (2012) listed five species of Megastigmus Dalman. Most recently, Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017) listed ten species in two genera, Megastigmus and Bootanomyia Girault (five species each). Based on our checklist, the Iranian fauna of Megastigmidae consists of 12 species (5.6% of the world species) following our inclusion of two newly recorded species of Megastigmus (M. juniperi Nikol’skaya and M. strobilobius Ratzeburg); none of the species are endemic to Iran. The species are classified in two genera, Bootanomyia (five species) and Megastigmus (seven species), and have been collected from 16 provinces (Table 21.4), among which East Azarbaijan (four species) has the highest diversity, followed by Kermanshah, Lorestan and West Azarbaijan provinces (each with three species), Fars, Kerman, Kordestan, Qazvin and Tehran (each with two species) and Golestan, Hamadan, Isfahan, Khuzestan, Razavi Khorasan, Semnan and Zanjan (each with one species).

© CAB International 2021. Chalcidoidea of Iran (Insecta: Hymenoptera) (eds. H. Ghahari, G.A.P. Gibson and G. Viggiani). DOI: 10.1079/9781789248463.0012

261

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

However, the exact distribution of Bootanomyia almusiensis (Doğanlar) in Iran is unknown. The hosts of five species recorded from Iran are known, all of which belong to Cynipidae (Hymenoptera). Comparison of the megastigmid fauna of Iran with adjacent countries (Table 21.5) indicates that the faunas of Turkey (20 species) and Russia (17 species) are both more diverse than Iran (12 species), followed by Kazakhstan (six species), Armenia (five species), Turkmenistan (three species) and Afghanistan, Azerbaijan and Iraq (each with one species); no species have been recorded from Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Pakistan or Saudi Arabia (Noyes, 2019). Furthermore, 17 species were recorded from the former USSR (Noyes, 2019). Turkey shares eight known species with Iran, followed by Russia (seven species), Armenia (four species), Turkmenistan (three species) and Afghanistan, Azerbaijan and Iraq (each with one species shared).

Checklist of Iranian MEGASTIGMIDAE Thomson, 1876 Genus Bootanomyia Girault, 1915 Bootanomyia almusiensis (Doğanlar, 1989) Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009) and Fallahzadeh et  al. (2009) (both as Megastigmus almusiensis), Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Iran (no specific locality) (Nieves-Aldrey et al., 2008). General distribution: Iran, Turkey. Bootanomyia dorsalis (Fabricius, 1798) Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009) and Fallahzadeh et  al. (2009) (both as Megastigmus dorsalis), Ghahari and Doğanlar, (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars, Khuzestan (Golestaneh et al., 2008, as Megastigmus dorsalis), Kermanshah (Nazemi-Rafie et al., 2007, as M. dorsalis), Kordestan (Nazemi-Rafie et al., 2007, as M. dorsalis; NazemiRafie and Lotfalizadeh, 2012), Lorestan (Azizkhani et al., 2005, 2008; Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2005; Modarres Awal, 2012, all as M. dorsalis), West Azarbaijan (Zargaran et al., 2008; Modarres Awal, 2012, as M. dorsalis), Iran (no specific locality) (Tavakoli et al., 2010, as M. dorsalis). General distribution: Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia Hercegovina, Bulgaria, China, Croatia,

262

Czech Republic, Denmark, England, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Macedonia, Moldova, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Andricus cecconii Kieffer, A. grossulariae Giraud, 1859, Andricus megalucidus (Melika, Stone, Sadeghi and Pujade-Villar), Andricus multiplicatus Giraud, Andricus truncicolus (Giraud), Cynips quercusfolii L., Dryocosmus israeli (Sternlicht) (as Chilaspis israeli Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Quercus brantii and Quercus infectoria (Fagaceae) (Nazemi-Rafie et  al., 2007), Andricus aestivalis Giraud, Andricus cecconii, Andricus grossulariae, Andricus multiplicatus, Dryocosmus israeli (Cynipidae) on Quercus brantii, Andricus grossulariae (as Andricus panteli (Kieffer)), Andricus lucidus (Hartig), Andricus megalucidus on Quercus infectoria (Azizkhani et  al., 2008), Aphelonyx persica (Melika, Stone and Sadeghi) (Cynipidae) (Golestaneh et al., 2008), Neuroterus saliens (Kollar) (Cynipidae) on Quercus brantii, Andricus lucidus (Hartig) (Azizkhani et al., 2008; Modarres Awal, 2012). Bootanomyia dumicola (Bouček, 1982) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh et al. (2009, as Megastigmus dumicola), Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Kermanshah (Nazemi-Rafie et al., 2007, as Megastigmus dumicola). General distribution: France, Iran, Spain. Host records in Iran: Andricus cecconii Kieffer (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Quercus brantii (Fagaceae) (Nazemi-Rafie et al., 2007). Bootanomyia stigmatizans (Fabricius, 1798) Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009) and Fallahzadeh et  al. (2009) (both as Megastigmus stigmatizans), Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Kermanshah, Kordestan (Nazemi-Rafie et al., 2007, as Megastigmus stigmatizans), Lorestan (Azizkhani et  al., 2005, 2008; Modarres Awal, 2012), Iran (no specific locality) (Tavakoli et al., 2010, as M. stigmatizans). General distribution: Austria, Bosnia Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Morocco, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, former USSR.

Chapter 12

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Host records in Iran: Andricus quercustozae (Bosc) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Quercus infectoria (Nazemi-Rafie et al., 2007), Andricus insana Westwood, 1837 (Azizkhani et al., 2008). Bootanomyia synophri (Mayr, 1874) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017). Distribution in Iran: Lorestan (Azizkhani et  al., 2008, as Megastigmus synophri). General distribution: Algeria, Austria, Bulgaria, Greece, Hungary, Turkey. Host records in Iran: Dryocosmus israeli (Sternlicht) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) (Azizkhani et al., 2008). Genus Megastigmus Dalman, 1820 Megastigmus aculeatus (Swederus, 1795) Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et  al. (2009), Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Daneshvar et al., 2009), Tehran (Rakhshani et al., 2003a,b; Daneshvar et  al., 2009; Modarres Awal, 2012), Iran (no specific locality) (Peck, 1963; Grissell, 1979; Xu and He, 1995; O’Connor, 2003; Roques and Skrzypczynska, 2003). General distribution: Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Bosnia Hercegovina, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, England, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Montenegro, Morocco, Nearctic, Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United States of America, former USSR (Central Asia, Eastern USSR,  European, Siberia), former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Galls of Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) on Rosa sp. (Rosaceae) (Modarres Awal, 2012). Megastigmus bipunctatus (Swederus, 1795) Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et  al. (2009), Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Qazvin (Zarnegar et al., 2008), generally distributed (Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Austria, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia,

Family Megastigmidae Thomson, 1876

Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former USSR (Eastern USSR, European, Siberia), Uzbekistan. Plant associations in Iran: Juniperus communis (Cupressaceae) (Modarres Awal, 2012). Megastigmus juniperi Nikol’skaya, 1952 Catalogues with Iranian records: None (newly recorded from Iran). Distribution in Iran: Golestan province, Golestan National Park, 2♀, on Juniperus excelsa (Cupressaceae), July 2016. General distribution: Armenia, Kazakhstan, Turkey, former USSR, Uzbekistan. Megastigmus pistaciae Walker, 1871 Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan, Fars, Hamadan, Razavi Khorasan, Semnan, Tehran, Zanjan (Abai and Adeli, 1984; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Mehrnejad, 2001; Jalilvand and Gholipour, 2002), Isfahan (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Basirat and Seyedoleslami, 2000), Kerman (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Zohdi et  al., 2016), Qazvin (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2005), Iran (no specific locality) (Zoebelein, 1966; Nikol’skaya and Zerova, 1978; Rice and Michailides, 1988; Grissell and Prinsloo, 2001; Roques and Skrzypczynska, 2003). General distribution: Afghanistan, Algeria, Armenia, Australia, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Cyprus, France, Georgia, Greece, Iran, Israel, Italy, Kirgizia, Mexico, Montenegro, Morocco, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Syria, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United States of America, former USSR (Central Asia, European), Uzbekistan. Comments: Megastigmus pistaciae  is phytophagous in seeds and a key pest of Pistacia vera and P. atlantica (Anacardiaceae) in Iran (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Modarres Awal, 1997; Zohdi et al., 2016) and also Corylus avellana L. (Betulaceae) (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012). Megastigmus rosae Bouček, 1971 Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et  al. (2009), Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2005; Daneshvar et  al., 2009), Kerman (Madjdzadeh et  al., 2013), West Azarbaijan (Daneshvar et al., 2009).

263

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

General distribution: Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Germany, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, former USSR (Siberia). Host records in Iran: Diplolepis fructuum (Rübsaamen) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Rosa beggeriana (Rosaceae) (Madjdzadeh et  al., 2013) and Rosa canina (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2005). Megastigmus strobilobius Ratzeburg, 1848 Catalogues with Iranian records: None (newly recorded from Iran). Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan province, Piranshahr, 3♀, ex Cynips quercusfolii Linnaeus, 1758 (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Quercus infectoria (Fagaceae), May 2011. General distribution: Austria, Belgium, Bosnia Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former USSR. Megastigmus suspectus Borries, 1895 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al., 2010). General distribution: Algeria, Austria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former USSR (European).

References Abai, M. and Adeli, E. (1984) List of Pests of Forest Trees and Shrubs of Iran. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Teheran, 147 pp. Azizkhani, E., Rasulian, G., Kharazi-Pakdel, A., Sadeghi, S.E., Tavakoli, M. and Melika, G. (2005) Report of eight species of parasitoid wasps belonging to Chalcidoidea from cynipid galls on oak trees. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 25, 79–80. Azizkhani, E., Sadeghi, S.E., Rasulian, G., Omid, R., Moniri, V.R., Farashiani, M.E. and Salahi, A. (2008) Parasitoids associated with oak gall wasps in Lorestan province. Forest and Range Protection Research 5, 175–186. Basirat, M. and Seyedoleslami, H. (2000) Biology of pistachio seed wasp in Isfahan province, Iran. Journal of

264

Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources 4, 137–148. Daneshvar, S., Talebi, A.A. and Fathipour, Y. (2009) The wasps associated with seeds and galls of Rosa canina in Iran. Advances in Environmental Biology 3, 63–65. Fallahzadeh, M., Narendran, T.C. and Saghaei, N. (2009) Insecta, Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eurytomidae and Torymidae in Iran. CheckList 5, 830–839. Farahbakhsh, Gh. (1961) Family Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera). In: Farahbakhsh, Gh. (ed.) A Checklist of Economically Important Insects and Other Enemies of Plants and Agricultural Products in Iran. Publication No. 1, Department of Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Tehran, pp. 126–127. Ganeshan, S. and Madl, M. (2015) Notes on Megastigmus transvaalensis (Hussay, 1956) in Mauritius (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Torymidae). Zeitschrift der Arbeitsge­ meinschaft Österreichischer Entomologen 67, 79–81. Ghahari, H. and Doğanlar, M. (2017) An annotated catalog of the Iranian Torymidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 143, 453–472. Ghahari, H., Abd-Rabou, S., Sakenin, H., Hedqvist, K.J. and Ostovan, H. (2010) A contribution to some Chalcidoidea wasps (Hymenoptera) from Iran. Journal of Biological Control 24, 17–21. Gibson, G.A.P., Heraty, J.M. and Woolley, J.B. (1999) Phylogenetics and classification of Chalcidoidea and Mymarommatoidea – a review of current concepts (Hymenoptera: Apocrita). Zoologica Scripta 28, 87–124. Golestaneh, S.R., Sadeghii, S.E., Azizkhani, E. and Farrar, N. (2008) Oak cynipid gall wasps (Hym.: Cynipidae) and associated parasitoids on Persian oak, Quercus brantii in southern Zagros. Iranian Journal of Forest and Range Protection Research 6, 20–28. Gómez, J.F., Nieves-Aldrey, J.L. and Hernández Nieves, M. (2008) Comparative morphology, biology and phylogeny of terminal-instar larvae of the European species of Toryminae (Hym., Chalcidoidea, Torymidae) parasitoids of gall wasps (Hym. Cynipidae). Zoological Journal Linnean Society 154, 676–721. Grissell, E.E. (1979) Family Torymidae. In: Krombein, K.V., Hurd, P.D., Smith D.R. and Bruks, B.D. (eds) Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Vol. 1.Symphyta and Apocrita (Pararitica). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, pp. 748–769. Grissell, E.E. (1995) Toryminae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Torymidae): A redefinition, generic classification and annotated world catalogue of species. Memoirs on Entomology, International, Vol. 2. Associated Publishers, Gainesville, Florida, 470 pp. Grissell, E.E. (1997) Torymidae. In: Gibson, G.A.P., Huber, J.T. and Woolley, J.B. (eds) Annotated Keys

Chapter 12

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

to the Genera of Nearctic Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). NRC Research Press, Ottawa, pp. 709–725. Grissell, E.E. (1999) An Annotated Catalog of World Megastigminae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea:Torymidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, Vol. 31. Associated Publishers, Gainesville, Florida, 92 pp. Grissell, E.E. and Prinsloo, G.L. (2001) Seed-feeding species of Megastigmus (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) associated with Anacardiaceae. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 10, 271–279. Grissell, E. and Schauff, M.E. (1997) A Handbook of the Families of Nearctic Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). 2nd edn. Entomological Society of Washington, Washington, DC, 87 pp. Heraty, J.M., Burks, R.A., Cruaud, A., Gibson, G.A.P., Liljeblad, J. et  al. (2013) A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Cladistics 29, 466–542. Jalilvand, N. and Gholipour, Y. (2002) Pistachio production in Iran: II. Main Iranian pistachio pests. NUCIS Newsletter 11, 23–25. Janšta, P., Cruaud, A., Delvare, G., Genson, G., Heraty, J., Kr ̌ížková, B. and Rasplus, J.-Y. (2018) Torymidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) revised: molecular phylogeny, circumscription and reclassification of the family with discussion of its biogeography and evolution of life-history traits. Cladistics 34, 627–651. Kamijo, K. (1962) A revision of the species of the Megastigminae occurring in Japan (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) (Taxonomic Studies on the Torymidae of Japan, 1). Insecta Matsumurana 25, 18–40. Lotfalizadeh, H. and Gharali, B. (2005) Introduction to the Torymidae fauna (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Iran. Zoology in the Middle East 36, 67–72. Madjdzadeh, S.M., Lotfalizadeh, H. and Abolhasanzadeh, F. (2013) The family Torymidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Kerman province, Southeastern Iran. Biharean Biologist 7, 20–24. Mehrnejad, M.R. (2001) The current status of pistachio pests in Iran. Cahiers Options Mediterranéennes 56, 315–322. Modarres Awal, M. (1997) Family Torymidae. In: Modarres Awal, M. (ed.) List of Agricultural Pests and their Natural Enemies in Iran. 2nd edn. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, Iran, pp. 283–284. Modarres Awal, M. (2012) Family Torymidae. In: Modarres Awal, M. (ed.) List of Agricultural Pests and their Natural Enemies in Iran. 3rd edn. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, Iran, pp. 522–524. Nazemi Rafie, J. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2012) Identification and diversity of torymid wasps (Hym.: Chalcidoidea, Torymidae) of Kurdistan province. Proceedings of the 20th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 26–29 August 2012, University of Shiraz, p. 105. Nazemi-Rafie, J., Talebi, A.A., Sadeghi, S.E. and Melika, G. (2007) Parasitoids (Hym., Chalcidoidea) reared

Family Megastigmidae Thomson, 1876

from oak gall wasps (Hym., Cynipidae) in west of Iran, with five new species records. Journal of Entomological Research Society 9, 43–56. Nieves-Aldrey, J.L., Hernandez Nieves, M. and Gómez, J.F. (2008) Larval morphology and biology of three European species of Megastigmus (Hymenoptera, Torymidae, Megastigminae) parasitoids of gall wasps, including a comparison with the larvae of two seedinfesting species. Zootaxa 1746, 46–60. Nikol’skaya, M.N. and Zerova, M.D. (1978) Torymidae (Callimomidae). In: Medvedev, G.S. (ed.) Identification Key of European Part of the USSR [Opredelitel Nasekomah Evropeyskoy Chasti SSS]),Vol. III, Hymenoptera II. Nauka, Leningrad, pp. 358–374. Noyes, J.S. (2019) Universal Chalcidoidea Database. Available at: www.nhm.ac.uk/chalcidoids (accessed December 2019). O’Connor, J.P. (2003) Megastigmus aculeatus (Swederus) (Hym., Torymidae), new to Ireland. Entomologists Monthly Magazine 139, 124. Peck, O. (1963) A catalogue of the Nearctic Chalcidoidea (Insecta, Hymenoptera). The Canadian Entomologist, Supplement 30, 1–1092. Rakhshani, E., Talebi, A., Fathipour, Y. and Moharramipour, S. (2003a) The first report of rose seed gall wasp, Megastigmus aculeatus Swederus (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) from Iran. Proceedings of the 2nd Applied-Scientific Seminar on flowers and Ornamental Plants, p. 9. Rakhshani, E., Talebi, A., Sadeghi, S.E., Ebrahimi, E. and Thuroczy, C. (2003b) Report of five wasps species associated with dog rose galls in Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 23, 107–108. Rice, R.E. and Michailides, T.J. (1988) Pistachio seed chalcid Megastigmus pistaciae Walker (Hymenoptera, Torymidae) in California, USA. Journal Economic Entomology 81, 1446–1449. Roques, A. and Skrzypczynska, M. (2003) Seed-infesting chalcids of the genus Megastigmus Dalman, 1820 (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) native and introduced to the west Palaearctic region: taxonomy, host specificity and distribution. Journal of Natural History 37, 127–238. Stojanova, H. and Ghahari, H. (2009) Checklists of Iranian Eurytomidae and Torymidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Linzer biologische Beiträge 41, 845–862. Tavakoli, M., Melika, G., Ebrahim Sadeghi, S., Askew, R.R., Stone, G.N. et  al. (2010) Parasitoid communities (Chalcidoidea) of oak gallwasps of Iran (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Proceedings of 7th International Congress of Hymenopterists, 20–26 June 2010, Köszeg, Hungary, pp. 115–116. Xu, Z.H. and He, J.H. (1995) Note on species of the phytophagous group of Megastigmus (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) from China. Entomotaxonomia 17, 243–253. Zargaran, M.R., Sadeghi, S.E., Bakhshali Saatlo, V. and Meloika, G. (2008) Identification of oak gallwasps

265

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

parasitoids in West Azarbaijan. Proceedings of the 18th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 24–27 August 2008, University of Bu-Ali Sina Hamedan, p. 83. Zarnegar, A., Lotfalizadeh, H. and Gharali, B. (2008) The first report of Megastigmus bipunctatus (Swederus, 1795) (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) from Iran. Proceedings of the 18th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 24–27 August 2008, University of Bu-Ali Sina Hamedan, p. 95. Zerova, M.D. and Seryogina, L.Ya. (1994) The Seed-feeding Chalcid Wasps (Chalcidoidea) of the Palaearctics. Naukova Dumka, Kiev, Ukraine, 238 pp.

266

Zoebelein, G. (1966) Probleme der Bekämpfung schädlicher Insekten in der Landwirtschaft im Iran. Anzeiger für Schädlingskunde 39, 3–8. Zohdi, H., Ebrahimi, S.J. and Shekarcheian, A. (2016) Study on altitude in abundance of Eurytoma plat­ nikovi (Hym.: Eurytomidae) and Megastigmus pista­ ciae  (Hym.: Torymidae) in wild pistachio forest of Khabr and Dehbekri in Kerman province. Proceedings of the 22nd Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 27–30 August 2016, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, p. 590.

Chapter 12

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

 Anaphes fuscipennis Haliday, 1833 – ♀ (Mymaridae) [scanning electron photomicrograph courtesy of E. Pricop]

500 μm

Acmopolynema sp. – ♀ (Mymaridae) [photo courtesy of S. van Noort – Iziko Museums of South Africa]

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

13

Family Mymaridae Haliday, 1833 Hassan Ghahari, Emilian Pricop, Gary A.P. Gibson, Mohammad Hayat and Gennaro Viggiani

John Noyes (unpublished) tabulated 1434 extant and 27 extinct species in 115 genera (Introduction, Table I.1), but because of recent taxonomic treatments somewhat fewer valid species, about 1400, are currently recognized in 104 extant genera (John Huber, Ontario, 2020, personal communication). Mymarids can be distinguished from other members of Chalcidoidea by the following combination of characters: body length 0.2 to about 2.0 mm (average 0.5–1.0 mm); colour black, brown or yellow, without metallic sheen; antenna at least as long as head plus mesosoma, usually much longer, distinctly clavate in females and filiform in males; head with H-like pattern of dark bands on vertex and on face lateral to each torulus resulting from lines of in-rolled cuticle (trabeculae) and associated sutures; toruli generally closer to eyes than to each other; fore wing marginal vein with a hypochaeta (posteriorly directed seta on the ventral surface of the fore wing); venation usually not longer than two-fifths wing length and without postmarginal vein; hind wing narrow and usually stalked basally (Schauff, 1984; Huber, 1997; Albarracin et  al., 2009; Pricop, 2009, 2013). Both the H-like pattern of trabeculae on the head and the fore wing hypochaeta are unique to mymarids. Recent phylogenetic analyses, both morphological and molecular, have consistently retrieved Mymaridae as a monophyletic group that is sister to the remaining Chalcidoidea (Gibson, 1986; Gibson et  al., 1999; Heraty et al., 2013). The family is cosmopolitan and species are found in almost all habitats, from deserts to rainforests, grasslands, ponds, and in a wide altitudinal range (Huber, 1997, 2006), but because of their minute size they are difficult to find and are often overlooked even by entomologists searching for them in sweep net catches or from Malaise or pan traps (Manickavasagam and Rameshkumar, 2011).

Species are all parasitoids of the eggs of other insects, with several even attacking aquatic insect eggs (Pricop, 2009). Most host records are from Hemiptera and Coleoptera (Huber, 1986), and because their hosts include agricultural and forest pests mymarids are considered beneficial insects. Several species have been used successfully in classical biological control programs (Clausen, 1940; Vidano and Meotto, 1968; Vidano et  al., 1979; Albarracin et al., 2009). Because they are the most commonly encountered egg parasitoids of pest species, they have potential as biological control agents against different pests belonging to Hemiptera (Cicadellidae, Delphacidae, Cercopidae, Miridae, Membracidae, and Tingidae), Psocoptera, Coleoptera (especially Curculionidae, Chrysomelidae, and Dytiscidae), Odonata (Anisozygoptera and Zygoptera), Orthoptera and some other insect orders in different crops or in their natural environment (Huber, 1986; Albarracin et al., 2009; Noyes, 2019). Members of Mymaridae are also relatively well represented in amber inclusions from the late Cretaceous (70–100 Mya) to the Miocene (20–40 Mya), and also in copal (Ross et al., 2010; Huber and Poinar, 2011). The fauna of Iranian Mymaridae has not been studied comprehensively. Farahbakhsh (1961) and Modarres Awal (1997) listed only one unknown species (Patasson sp.), whereas Modarres Awal (2012) listed two species, Anagrus atomus (L.) and Parallelaptera panis Enock. Fallahzadeh and Huber (2011) included 11 species in four genera, and Lotfalizadeh (2015) recorded 18 species (together with nine unknown species) in eight genera. Based on our checklist, the Iranian fauna of Mymaridae consists of 33 species (~2.4% of the world species) following our inclusion of one newly recorded species (Polynema fuscipes Haliday); none of the species are endemic to Iran. The species are classified in 14 genera, among which Erythmelus Enock is the

© CAB International 2021. Chalcidoidea of Iran (Insecta: Hymenoptera) (eds. H. Ghahari, G.A.P. Gibson and G. Viggiani). DOI: 10.1079/9781789248463.0013

269

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

most diverse (five species), followed by Ooctonus Haliday and Lymaenon Walker (both with four species), Anagrus Haliday (three species), Alaptus Westwood, Anaphes Haliday, Cosmocomoidea Howard, Gonatocerus Nees, Mymar Curtis, Polynema Haliday and Stephanodes Enock (each with two species) and Camptoptera Förster, Litus Haliday and Stethynium Enock (each with one species). The very few species recorded from any genus in Iran suggests the fauna is yet understudied; the true number of species will certainly increase, because the species have so far been collected from only 16 provinces (Table 21.4), of which East Azarbaijan, with 21 recorded species (63.6% of all records), has the highest diversity, followed by Alborz (11 species), Mazandaran (seven species), Guilan (five species), Fars (four species), Khuzestan and Razavi Khorasan (both with three species), Golestan, Kerman, Kermanshah and West Azarbaijan (each with two species) and Isfahan, Kordestan, Kuhgiloyeh & Boyerahmad, Semnan and Zanjan (each with one species). The results are biased towards the more sampled areas in East Azarbaijan province. Host–parasitoid relationships are known for only eight mymarid species in Iran. Among the 14 host records, six belong to Cicadellidae, four to Diaspididae and one each to Coccidae, Pseudococcidae, Cur­ culionidae and Tingidae. However, according to J. Huber (personal communication) all Alaptus spp. parasitize Psocoptera and all records from Hemiptera are doubtful. Determining host insects and plant associations of Mymaridae will certainly result in new records for Iran. Comparison of the mymarid fauna of Iran with adjacent countries (Table 21.5) indicates that the fauna of Russia (104 species) is much greater than that of Iran (33 species), followed by Turkey (19 species), Turkmenistan (11 species), Pakistan and United Arab Emirates (five species) and Iraq and Oman (both with one species); no species have been recorded from the other eight neighbouring countries (Noyes, 2019). However, the much fewer number of species recorded from countries other than Russia, including Iran, certainly results from inadequate sampling and poor taxonomic study. Russia shares the highest number of known species with Iran (21 species), followed by Turkey (11 species), Turkmenistan (one species), Pakistan (two species) and Iraq, Oman, United Arab Emirates and the former USSR (each with one species).

270

Checklist of Iranian MYMARIDAE Haliday, 1833 Genus Alaptus Westwood, 1839 Alaptus iceryae Riley, 1889 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Feli Kohikheli and Damavandian, 2015; Moghaddam, 2017) (both as Alaptus priesneri Soyka, 1950). General distribution: Antilles, Egypt, Italy, Peru, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Ceroplastes sinensis Guer (Hemiptera: Coccidae), Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (Morgan) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), Planococcus citri (Rissio) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Feli Kohikheli and Damavandian, 2015; Moghaddam, 2017). Plant associations in Iran: Citrus aurantium (Rutaceae), Hedera helix (Araliaceae) (Feli Kohikheli and Damavandian, 2015). Comments: The host records in Iran are probably incorrect (J. Huber, personal communication). Alaptus minimus Westwood, 1839 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Feli Kohikheli and Damavandian, 2015; Moghaddam, 2017) (both as Alaptus auranti (Mercet, 1912)). General distribution: Australia, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Egypt, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Puerto Rico, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (Morgan), Lepidosaphes beckii (Newman), Lepidosaphes gloveri (Packard) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Feli Kohikheli and Damavandian, 2015; Moghaddam, 2017). Plant associations in Iran: Citrus aurantium (Rutaceae) (Feli Kohikheli and Damavandian, 2015). Comments: The host records in Iran are probably incorrect (J. Huber, personal communication). Genus Anagrus Haliday, 1833 Anagrus atomus (Linnaeus, 1767) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Huber (2011), Lotfalizadeh (2015), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Walker et al., 1997), East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh, 2015), Fars (Triapitsyn and Berezovskiy, 2004; Triapitsyn, 2015), Isfahan (Hesami et  al., 2004, 2009; Modarres Awal,

Chapter 13

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

2012; Kohanasal et  al., 2018), Kermanshah (Deh-Pahni et  al., 2019), Razavi Khorasan (Triapitsyn, 1998), Iran (no specific locality) (de León et al., 2008; Huber et al., 2009). General distribution: Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Croatia, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iran, Israel, Italy, Kirgizia, Macedonia, Moldova, New Zealand, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Turkmenistan, United Kingdom, United States of America, Yemen, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Circulifer tenellus (Baker) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) (Walker et  al., 1997; Triapitsyn, 1998), Arboridia kermanshah (Dlabola) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) (Triapitsyn, 1998; Hesami et  al., 2004, 2009; Latifian and Soleyman-Nejadian, 2009; Kohanasal et  al., 2018; Deh-Pahni et  al., 2019), Edwardsiana rosae (L.) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) (Hesami et al., 2004, 2009). Plant associations in Iran: Sugar beet (Walker et al., 1997), grape (Triapitsyn, 1998; Hesami et al., 2004, 2009; Latifian and Soleyman-Nejadian, 2009), blackberry, rose, sweetbriar (Hesami et al., 2004, 2009), vineyards (Vitis vinifera L., Vitaceae) (Deh-Pahni et al., 2019). Comments: Latifian (1998) recorded an unknown species of Mymaridae from Isfahan as an efficient biological control agent of Arboridia kermanshah (Dlabola) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). With regard to the studies of Hesami et  al. (2004, 2009) in Isfahan, we suspect that the unidentified species likely is A. atomus. Morphology of A. atomus was studied by Hesami et  al. (2001). Triapitsyn (2015) recorded A. atomus erroneously from Kavar province while Kavar is a city of Fars province. Anagrus avalae Soyka, 1956 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Huber (2011), Lotfalizadeh (2015), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Triapitsyn and Berezovskiy, 2004), East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh, 2015), Iran (no specific locality) (Huber et  al., 2009; Triapitsyn, 2015). General distribution: Australia, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, France, Germany, Greece, Iran, Italy, Netherlands, New Zealand, Russia, Serbia, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States of America.

Family Mymaridae Haliday, 1833

Comments: This species was recorded erroneously from Markazi province (Karaj) by Triapitsyn (2003), but Karaj is located in Alborz province. Anagrus nigriceps (Smits van Burgst, 1914) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Huber (2011), Lotfalizadeh (2015), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Triapitsyn and Berezovskiy, 2004), East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh, 2015), Iran (no specific locality) (Huber et  al., 2009; Triapitsyn, 2015). General distribution: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, France, Germany, Greece, Greenland, Iran, Israel, Italy, Kirgizia, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States of America. Comments: This species was recorded erroneously from Markazi province (Karaj) by Triapitsyn and Berezovskiy (2004), but Karaj is located in Alborz province. Anagrus sp. Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh, 2015). Genus Anaphes Haliday, 1833 Anaphes diana (Girault, 1911) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Sakenin Chelav et al., 2018). General distribution: Algeria, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Moldova, Morocco, New Zealand, Romania, Spain, Syria, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America. Anaphes flavipes (Förster, 1841) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Samin et  al., 2019). General distribution: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former Yugoslavia. Anaphes spp. [= Patasson Walker, 1846] Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh, 2015), Khuzestan (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Modarres

271

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Awal, 1997, both as Patasson sp.; Mossadegh and Kocheili, 2003, as Patasson sp.; Moravvej et al., 2016), Kuhgiloyeh & Boyerahmad (Saeedi, 2007), Southern Iran (van den Bosch et al., 1961, as Patasson sp.), Iran (no specific locality) (Monajemi, 1975, as Patasson sp.). Host records in Iran: Egg parasitoid of Hypera postica (Gyllenhall) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (Farahbakhsh, 1961; van den Bosch et al., 1961; Monajemi, 1975; Modarres Awal, 1997; Saeedi, 2007). Genus Camptoptera Förster, 1856 Camptoptera papaveris Förster, 1856 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Fars (Lotfalizadeh et  al., 2019). General distribution: Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kirgizia, Mexico, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States of America. Camptoptera sp. Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh, 2015). Genus Cosmocomoidea Howard, 1908 Cosmocomoidea atra Förster, 1841 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh (2015, as Gonatocerus (Cosmocomoidea) ater). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Haghayeghi Nosrati et  al., 2014a; Lotfalizadeh, 2015, as Gonatocerus (Cosmocomoidea) ater), Kerman (Moinoddini, 2012, as G. (Cosmocomoidea) ater). General distribution: Belgium, Canada, China, Czech Republic, Germany, India, Italy, Netherlands, Romania, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States of America. Cosmocomoidea oxypygus (Förster, 1856) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh (2015, as Gonatocerus (Cosmocomoidea) oxypygus), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Huber, 1988, as Gonatocerus ovicenatus Leonard and Crosby, 1915; Haghayeghi Nosrati et al., 2014a; Lotfalizadeh, 2015, as Gonatocerus (Cosmocomoidea) oxypygus),

272

Zanjan (Huber, 1988; Triapitsyn, 2013, as G. (Cosmocomoidea) oxypygus), Iran (no specific locality) (Baquero and Jordana, 2002; Huber et al., 2009, both as G. ovicenatus). General distribution: Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Denmark, Germany, Iran, Italy, Romania, Spain, United Kingdom, United States of America. Plant associations in Iran: Sweeping understory in poplar grove (Huber, 1988). Genus Erythmelus Enock, 1909 Erythmelus flavovarius (Walker, 1846) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Huber (2011), Lotfalizadeh (2015), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Triapitsyn, 2003), East Azarbaijan (Haghayeghi Nosrati et  al., 2012; Lotfalizadeh, 2015), Iran (no specific locality) (Huber et al., 2009). General distribution: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Croatia, Denmark, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hawaii, Hungary, India, Iran, Ireland (north and south), Italy, Kenya, Macedonia, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Oman, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United Arab Emirates. Comments: This species was recorded erroneously from Markazi province (Karaj) by Triapitsyn (2003), but Karaj is located in Alborz province. Erythmelus israeliensis Viggiani and Jesu, 1985 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Huber (2011), Lotfalizadeh (2015), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Triapitsyn, 2003), East Azarbaijan (Haghayeghi Nosrati et  al., 2012), Iran (no specific locality) (Huber et  al., 2009; Hu and Triapitsyn, 2013). General distribution: Bulgaria, China, Iran, Israel, Russia, Turkmenistan. Comments: This species was recorded erroneously from Markazi province (Karaj) by Triapitsyn (2003), but Karaj is located in Alborz province. Erythmelus panis (Enock, 1909) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Huber (2011), Lotfalizadeh (2015), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Triapitsyn, 2003), East Azarbaijan (Haghayeghi Nosrati et  al., 2012;

Chapter 13

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Lotfalizadeh, 2015), West Azarbaijan (Akbarzadeh Shoukat, 1998, 2000, 2006; Modarres Awal, 2012), Iran (no specific locality) (Huber et  al., 2009; Hu and Triapitsyn, 2013). General distribution: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Congo, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Iran, Italy, Kenya, Kirgizia, Mali, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkmenistan, United Kingdom, Zaire. Host records in Iran: Stephanitis pyri (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) in apple orchard (Akbarzadeh Shoukat, 1998, 2000, 2006; Modarres Awal, 2012, as Parallelaptera (Erythmelus) panis (Enock)). Comments: This species was recorded erroneously from Markazi province (Karaj) by Triapitsyn (2003), but Karaj is located in Alborz province. Erythmelus rex (Girault, 1911) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Huber (2011), Lotfalizadeh (2015), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Triapitsyn, 2003), East Azarbaijan (Haghayeghi Nosrati et  al., 2012; Lotfalizadeh, 2015), Iran (no specific locality) (Huber et al., 2009; Hu and Triapitsyn, 2013). General distribution: Argentina, Austria, Canada, China, France, Greece, Iran, Italy, Kirgizia, Mexico, Romania, Russia, Spain, Turkmenistan, United Kingdom, United States of America. Comments: This species was recorded erroneously from Markazi province (Karaj) by Triapitsyn (2003), but Karaj is located in Alborz province. Erythmelus teleonemiae (Subba Rao, 1984) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Semnan (Ghahari and Huang, 2016). General distribution: India, Iraq. Erythmelus sp. Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Hu and Triapitsyn, 2013). Genus Gonatocerus Nees, 1834 Gonatocerus longicornis Nees, 1834 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh (2015). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Haghayeghi Nosrati et al., 2014a; Lotfalizadeh, 2015), Guilan (Lotfalizadeh, 2015; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2016).

Family Mymaridae Haliday, 1833

General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, China, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, India, Italy, Japan, Kirgizia, Korea, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Thailand, Turkey, United Kingdom. Gonatocerus pictus (Haliday, 1833) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh (2015). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Haghayeghi Nosrati et al., 2014a; Lotfalizadeh, 2015). General distribution: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Germany, Italy, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom. Genus Lymaenon Walker, 1846 Lymaenon aureus (Girault, 1911) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh (2015, as Gonatocerus (Lymaenon) aureus). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Haghayeghi Nosrati et  al., 2014a; Lotfalizadeh, 2015, as Gonatocerus (Lymaenon) aureus). General distribution: Argentina, Belgium, Bermuda, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Egypt, Finland, France, Greece, India, Japan, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America. Lymaenon litoralis (Haliday, 1833) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Huber (2011), Lotfalizadeh (2015) (both as Gonatocerus (Lymaenon) litoralis), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Haghayeghi Nosrati et  al., 2014a; Lotfalizadeh, 2015, as Gonatocerus (Lymaenon) litoralis), Fars (Fallahzadeh and Huber, 2011, as G. (Lymaenon) litoralis), Razavi Khorasan (Triapitsyn, 2013, as G. (Lymaenon) litoralis). General distribution: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Chile, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, Germany, Greece, India, Iran, Ireland (north and south), Italy, Japan, Macedonia, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Zyginidia sohrab Zachvatkin (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) (Fallahzadeh and Huber, 2011). Plant associations in Iran: Triticum aestivum (Poaceae) (Fallahzadeh and Huber, 2011).

273

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Lymaenon novickyi Soyka, 1946 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh (2015, as Gonatocerus (Lymaenon) novickyi). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Haghayeghi Nosrati et  al., 2014a; Lotfalizadeh, 2015, as Gonatocerus (Lymaenon) novickyi). General distribution: Germany, Romania, United Kingdom. Lymaenon thyrides Debauche, 1948 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh (2015, as Gonatocerus (Lymaenon) thyrides). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Haghayeghi Nosrati et  al., 2014a; Lotfalizadeh, 2015, as Gonatocerus (Lymaenon) thyrides), Kermanshah (Deh-Pahni et al., 2019). General distribution: Belgium, Bulgaria, Romania, Spain, Turkey, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Arboridia kermanshah (Dlabola) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) (Deh-Pahni et al., 2019). Lymaenon spp. Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Walker et al., 1997, as Gonatocerus (Lymaenon) sp.), Fars (Triapitsyn, 2013; Nemati and Pezhman, 2014, as G. (Lymaenon) sp.), Razavi Khorasan (Walker et  al., 1997; Triapitsyn, 2013, as G. (Lymaenon) sp.). Host records in Iran: Egg parasitoid of Neoaliturus tenellus (Baker) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) (Triapitsyn, 2013). Plant associations in Iran: Artemisia sp. (Asteraceae), Atriplex sp., Kochia sp., Salsola sp., Beta vulgaris (all Amaranthaceae) (Walker et  al., 1997; Triapitsyn, 2013), wheat fields (Nemati and Pezhman, 2014). Genus Litus Haliday, 1833 Litus cynipseus Haliday, 1833 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Ghahari and Sakenin, 2018), Mazandaran (Ghahari and Tabari, 2019). General distribution: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Kirgizia, Mexico, Moldova, Montenegro, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America, former Yugoslavia.

274

Genus Mymar Curtis, 1829 Mymar pulchellum Curtis, 1832 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Samin et  al., 2019). General distribution: Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Georgia, Germany, Japan, Moldova, Netherlands, New Zealand, Romania, Russia, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America. Mymar taprobanicum (Ward, 1875) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh (2015). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh, 2015), Guilan (Bayegan et al., 2014; Lotfalizadeh, 2015; Lotfalizadeh et  al., 2016), Khuzestan (Moravvej et al., 2016). General distribution: Australia, Azores, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Egypt, France, Greece, India, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Madagascar, Madeira, Morocco, New Zealand, Puerto Rico, Romania, Russia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, United States of America. Genus Ooctonus Haliday, 1833 Ooctonus hemipterus Haliday, 1833 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Samin et al., 2019). General distribution: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Kirgizia, Morocco, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America. Ooctonus insignis Haliday, 1833 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan (Abd-Rabou et al., 2019). General distribution: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States of America. Ooctonus notatus Walker, 1846 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Ghahari, 2019).

Chapter 13

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

General distribution: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Italy, Japan, Kirgizia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States of America. Ooctonus vulgatus Haliday, 1833 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Samin et al., 2019). General distribution: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Madeira, Moldova, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States of America. Genus Polynema Haliday, 1833 Polynema fuscipes Haliday, 1833 Catalogues with Iranian records: None (newly recorded from Iran). Distribution in Iran: Kordestan province, Baneh (Shilman), 1♀, 1♂, September 2009. General distribution: Belgium, Bulgaria, Chile, Denmark, Germany, Greece, Norway, Slovakia, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom. Polynema ovulorum (Linnaeus, 1758) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Abd-Rabou et al., 2019). General distribution: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, France, Germany, Greece, Romania, Sweden, Turkey. Polynema spp. Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Walker et al., 1997), East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh, 2015), Khuzestan (Moravvej et al., 2016). Plant associations in Iran: Chenopodium sp. (Chenopodioideae), Salsola sp. (Amaranthaceae), sugar beet (Walker et al., 1997). Comments: Three unknown species, Polynema (Dorypolynema) sp., Polynema (Polynema) sp. and Polynema (Doriclytus) sp., were recorded by Lotfalizadeh (2015). Genus Stephanodes Enock, 1909 Stephanodes reduvioli (Perkins, 1905) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh and Huber (2011), Lotfalizadeh (2015), Noyes (2019).

Family Mymaridae Haliday, 1833

Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Huber and Fidalgo, 1997), Iran (no specific locality) (Triapitsyn and Berezovskiy, 2002; Huber et al., 2009). General distribution: Australia, Ecuador, Fiji, Georgia, Hawaii, India, Iran, Japan, Kirgizia, Micronesia, New Zealand, Peru, Russia, Taiwan, United States of America. Stephanodes similis (Förster, 1847) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh (2015). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Haghayeghi Nosrati et al., 2014b), Golestan (Samin, 2015). General distribution: Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kirgizia, Macedonia, Moldova, Norway, Paraguay, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, Zaire. Genus Stethynium Enock, 1909 Stethynium triclavatum Enock, 1909 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Samin et  al., 2019). General distribution: Belgium, Bermuda, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Denmark, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Hawaii, India, Italy, Nepal, Pakistan, Romania, Russia, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States of America.

References Abd-Rabou, S., Samin, N., Sakenin Chelav, H., Amoughli Tabari, M., Trjapitzin, V.A. and Sureshan, P.M. (2019) New records of Encyrtidae, Eulophidae, Eurytomidae, Mymaridae, Pteromalidae and Torymidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Iran. Egyptian Journal of Plant Protection Research Institute 2, 648–652. Akbarzadeh-Shoukat, G. (1998) The first report on the occurrence of the egg parasitoid of pear lace bug in Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 66, 44–45. Akbarzadeh-Shoukat, G. (2000) The fauna of natural enemies of pear lace bug (Stephanitis pyri F.) in Urmia apple orchards. Proceedings of the 14th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 5–8 September 2000, Isfahan University of Technology, p. 261. Akbarzadeh-Shoukat, G. (2006) Seasonal changes in population of the pear lace bug, Stephanitis pyri F.

275

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

(Heteroptera: Tingidae) and identification of its natural enemies in West Azarbaijan apple orchards. Journal of Agricultural Science 15, 91–100 [in Persian, English summary]. Albarracin, E.L., Triapitsyn, S.V. and Virla, E.G. (2009) Annotated key to the genera of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) in Argentina. Zootaxa 2129, 1–28. Baquero, E. and Jordana, R. (2002) The genus Gonatocerus Nees (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Mymaridae) in corn fields of Navarra, North Spain. Redia LXXXV, 1–19. Bayegan, Z., Lotfalizadeh, H., Zargaran, M.R. and Pooraiiouby, R. (2014) New record of a genus and species of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Iran. Turkish Journal of Zoology 38, 655–656. Clausen, C.P. (1940) Entomophagous Insects. McGrawHill, New York, 688 pp. de León, J.H., Logarzo, G.A. and Triapitsyn, S.V. (2008) Molecular characterization of Gonatocerus tuberculifemur (Ogloblin) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), a prospective Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) biological control candidate agent from South America: divergent clades. Bulletin of Entomological Research 98, 97–108. Deh-Pahni, S., Ali Vahedi, H., Darbemamieh, M. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2019) Natural enemies of Arboridia kermanshah Dlabola (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), in vineyards of Kermanshah region. Proceedings of the 3rd Iranian International Congress of Entomology, p. 135. Fallahzadeh, M. and Huber, J.T. (2011) The occurrence of Gonatocerus litoralis (Haliday, 1833) (Chalcidoidea, Mymaridae) in Iran, with a new host record. Munis Entomology and Zoology 6, 297–300. Farahbakhsh, G. (1961) Family Mymaridae (Hymenoptera). In: Farahbakhsh, G. (ed.) A Checklist of Economically Important Insects and Other Enemies of Plants and Agricultural Products in Iran. Department of Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture Publication, Tehran, Iran, p. 126. Feli Kohikheli, Z. and Damavandian, M.R. (2015) First record of two parasitoid wasps (Hym.: Mymaridae) from Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 83, 73–76 [in Persian, English summary]. Ghahari, H. (2019) Faunistic survey of parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera) in forest areas of Mazandaran province, northern Iran. Iranian Journal of Forest 11, 61–79. [in Persian, English summary]. Ghahari, H. and Huang, J. (2016) The species of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) from Semnan province, Iran. Wuyi Science Journal 32, 52–56. Ghahari, H. and Sakenin, H. (2018) Species diversity of Chalcidoidea and Ichneumonoidea (Hymenoptera) in some paddy fields and surrounding grasslands of Mazandaran and Guilan provinces, northern Iran. Applied Plant Protection 7, 11–19. [in Persian, English summary].

276

Ghahari, H. and Tabari, M. (2019) A study on the fauna of predator bugs (Heteroptera) and parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera) in paddy fields of Mazandaran. Plant and Ecosystem 59, 27–38 [in Persian, English summary]. Gibson, G.A.P. (1986) Evidence for monophyly and relationships of Chalcidoidea, Mymaridae, and Mymarommatidae (Hymenoptera: Terebrantes). The Canadian Entomologist 118, 205–240. Gibson, G.A.P., Heraty, J.M. and Woolley, J.B. (1999) Phylogenetics and classification of Chalcidoidea and Mymarommatoidea – a review of current concepts (Hymenoptera: Apocrita). Zoologica Scripta 28, 87–124. Graham, H.M., Jackson, C.G. and Debolt, W.J. (1986) Lygus spp. (Hemiptera: Miridae) and their parasites in agricultural areas of southern Arizona. Environmental Entomology 15, 132–142. Haghayeghi Nosrati, F., Lotfalizadeh, H. and Ghajarieh, H. (2012) Species of the genus Erythmelus Enock (Hym.: Mymaridae) in Azarbaijan-e-Sharghi province, Iran. Journal of Crop Plants Entomology 1, 38–49 [in Persian, English summary]. Haghayeghi Nosrati, F., Lotfalizadeh, H. and Ghajarieh, H. (2014a) Species of the genus Gonatocerus (Hym.: Mymaridae) in East Azerbaijan province. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 81, 143–152 [in Persian, English summary]. Haghayeghi Nosrati, F., Ghajarieh, H., Lotfalizadeh, H. and Triapitsyn, S.V. (2014b) New record of Stephanodes similis (Hym.: Mymaridae) from Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 34, 47. Heraty, J.M., Burks, R.A., Cruaud, A., Gibson, G.A.P., Liljeblad, J. et  al. (2013) A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Cladistics 29, 466–542. Hesami, S., Seyedoleslami, H. and Ebadi, R. (2001) Morphological notes on Anagyrus atomus (Hym.: Mymaridae), an egg parasitoid of grape leafhopper, Arboridia kermanshah (Hom.: Cicadellidae) in Isfahan. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 21, 51–67. Hesami, S., Seyedoleslami, H. and Ebadi, R. (2004) Biology of Anagrus atomus (Hym., Mymaridae), an egg parasitoid of the grape leafhopper Arboridia kermanshah (Hom., Cicadellidae). Entomological Science 7, 271–276. Hesami, S., Seyedoleslami, H. and Hatami, B. (2009) Impact of overwintering refugia of Anagrus atomus on egg parasitism of grape leafhopper, Arboridia kermanshah. Plant Protection Journal (Islamic Azad University) 1, 94–106 [in Persian, English summary]. Hu, H. and Triapitsyn, S.V. (2013) Taxonomic notes on Erythmelus Enock (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) from Xinjiang, China, with description of a new species. Turkish Journal of Zoology 37, 423–430. Huber, J.T. (1986) Systematics, biology, and hosts of the Mymaridae and Mymarommatidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera): 1758–1984. Entomography 4, 185–243.

Chapter 13

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Huber, J.T. (1988) The species groups of Gonatocerus Nees in North America with a revision of the sulphuripes and ater groups (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 141, 1–109. Huber, J.T. (1997) Mymaridae. In: Gibson, G.A.P., Huber, J.T. and Woolley, J.B. (eds) Annotated Keys to the Genera of Nearctic Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). NRC Research Press, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, pp. 499–530. Huber, J.T. (2006) Capítulo 83. Familia Mymaridae. In: Fernández, F. and Sharkey, M.J. (eds) Introducción a los Hymenoptera de la Región Neotropical. Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología y Universidad de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia, pp. 765–767. Huber, J.T. and Fidalgo, P. (1997) Review of the genus Stephanodes (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Ontario 128, 27–63. Huber, J.T. and Poinar, G. Jr. (2011) A new genus of fossil Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) from Cretaceous amber and key to Cretaceous mymarid genera. ZooKeys 130, 461–472. Huber, J.T., Viggiani, G. and Jesu, R. (2009) Order Hymenoptera, family Mymaridae. Arthropod Fauna of the UAE 2, 270–297. Kohanasal, M., Khajehali, J. and Hatami, B. (2018) Seasonal fluctuations of Arboridia kermanshah Dlabola and its egg parasitism on nine grape cultivars in Isfahan. Biological Control of Pests and Diseases 7, 105–115 [in Persian, English summary]. Latifian, M. (1998) Bioecology and geographical distribution of a grape leafhopper species in Isfahan. MSc thesis of Entomology, Isfahan University of Technology, 184 pp. [in Persian, English summary]. Latifian, M. and Soleyman-Nejadian, E. (2009) Study on the effects of spatial distribution and density of the parasitoid Anagrus atomus L. (Hym., Mymaridae) on its searching efficiency on grape leafhopper eggs Arboridia kermanshah Dealabola (Hem., Cicadellidae). Journal of Entomological Research 1, 239–248. Lotfalizadeh, H. (2015) Preliminary checklist of Iranian mymarids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Mymaridae). Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research 47, 73–78. Lotfalizadeh, H., Bayegan, Z. and Zargaran, M.R. (2016) Species diversity of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) in the rice fields of Iran. Journal of Entomological Research Society 18, 99–111. Lotfalizadeh, H., Iranpour, A. and MohammadiKhoramabadi, A. (2019) First reports of temporally soil-dwelling Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Biharean Biologist 13, 89–93. Manickavasagam, S. and Rameshkumar, A. (2011) First report of three genera of fairyflies (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) from India with description of a new species of Dicopus and some other records. Zootaxa 3094, 63–68.

Family Mymaridae Haliday, 1833

Modarres Awal, M. (1997) Family Mymaridae, In: Modarres Awal, M. (ed.) List of Agricultural Pests and their Natural Enemies in Iran. 2nd edn. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, Iran, p. 277. Modarres Awal, M. (2012) Family Mymaridae. In: Modarres Awal, M. (ed.) List of Agricultural Pests and their Natural Enemies in Iran. 3rd edn. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, Iran, p. 511. Moghaddam, M. (2017) The Scale Insects of Citrus in Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) (Identification, Biology, Natural Enemies and Distribution). Ministry of Jihad-e Agriculture, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, 177 pp. [in Persian]. Moinoddini, A. (2012) Faunistic studies on parasitoid wasps of Mymaridae, Eulophidae, Eurytomidae and Signiphoridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) in Bidkhab and Sang-e Sayad of Kerman. MSc thesis of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, 110 pp. [in Persian, English summary]. Monajemi, N. (1975) Contribution à l‘étude des hymenopteres parasites de Hypera postica (Col.: Curculionidae) en Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 2, 85–99 [in Persian, English summary]. Moravvej, A., Shishehbor, P. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2016) A checklist of Chalcidoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Khuzestan in southwestern Iran. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematic 2, 121–142. Mossadegh, M.S. and Kocheili, F. (2003) A Semi Descriptive Checklist of Identified Species of Arthropods (Agricultural, Medical, …) and other Pests from Khuzestan, Iran. Shahid Chamran University Press, Ahvaz, 475 pp. Nemati, S. and Pezhman, H. (2014) Comparing the pests and natural enemies fauna and determining the prevailing species in wheat fields under no-tillage and conventional tillage systems in Marvdasht region (Fars province, Iran). Journal of Applied Researches in Plant Protection 3, 1–17. Noyes, J.S. (1982) Collecting and preserving chalcid wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Journal of Natural History 16, 315–334. Noyes, J.S. (2019) Universal Chalcidoidea Database. Available at: www.nhm.ac.uk/chalcidoids (accessed December 2019). Pricop, E. (2009) Preliminary studies of the Mymaridae (Hym., Chalcidoidea) from Neamt county, Romania, ´ species distribution, vascular flora/vegetation, an ecological approach. AES Bioflux 1, 13–29. Pricop, E. (2013) Identification key to European genera of the Mymaridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), with additional notes. ELBA Bioflux 5, 69–81. Ross, A.J., Mellish, C., York, P. and Crighton, B. (2010) Burmese amber. In: Penney, D. (ed.) Biodiversity of Fossils in Amber from the Major World Deposits. Siri Scientific Press, Manchester, pp. 208–235.

277

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Saeedi, K. (2007) Preliminary studies on natural enemies of the alfalfa weevil Hypera postica (Gyllenhall), in Yasuj. Journal of Research in Agricultural Science (Islamic Azad University) 3, 1–13 [in Persian, English summary]. Sakenin Chelav, H., Samin, N., Myartseva, S.N., AbdRabou, S., Gençer, L. and Naderian, H. (2018) A faunistic study on Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) of Iran. Natura Somogyiensis 32, 11–20. Samin, N. (2015) A faunistic study on some families of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) from Iran. Arquivos Entomolóxicos 14, 119–124. Samin, N., Ruíz Cancino, E., Myartseva, S., Trjapitzin, V.A., Gençer, L. and Sakenin, H. (2019) A faunistic study of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) from Guilan province and adjacent areas, northern Iran. Entomofauna 40, 47–58. Schauff, M.E. (1984) The Holarctic genera of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington 12, 67 pp. Triapitsyn, S.V. (1998) Anagrus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) egg parasitoids of Erythroneura spp. and other leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) in North American vineyards and orchards: a taxonomic review. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 124, 77–112. Triapitsyn, V.V. (2003) Review of the Mymaridae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) of Primorskii Krai: genus Erythmelus Enock, with taxonomic notes on some extralimital species. Far Eastern Entomologist 126, 1–44. Triapitsyn, V.V. (2013) Review of Gonatocerus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the Palaearctic region, with notes on extralimital distributions. Zootaxa 3644, 1–178.

278

Triapitsyn, V.V. (2015) Taxonomy of the genus Anagrus Haliday (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) of the world: an annotated key to the described species, discussion of the remaining problems, and a checklist. Acta Zoológica Lilloana 59, 3–50. Triapitsyn, S.V. and Berezovskiy, V.V. (2002) Review of the Mymaridae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) of Primorskii krai: genera Chaetomymar Ogloblin, Himopolynema Taguchi, and Stephanodes Enock. Far Eastern Entomologist 110, 1–11. Triapitsyn, S.V. and Berezovskiy, V.V. (2004) Review of the genus Anagrus Haliday, 1833 (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in Russia, with notes on some extralimital species. Far Eastern Entomologist 139, 1–36. van den Bosch, R., Dawson, L.H. and Roth, V.D. (1961) Promising new parasite of Egyptian alfalfa weevil imported from southern Iran. California Agriculture 15(8), 11. Vidano, C. and Meotto, F. (1968) Moltiplicazione e disseminazione di Polynema straticorne Girault (Hymenoptera Mymaridae). Annali Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie Università di Torino 4, 297–316. Vidano, C., Arzone, A. and Meotto, F. (1979) Moltiplicazione e disseminazione in Italia di Patasson nitens per la difesa degli eucalipti da Gonipterus scutellatus. Annali Accademia Agricoltura Torino 121, 99–113. Walker, G.P., Zareh, N., Bayoun, I.M. and Triapitsyn, S.V. (1997) Introduction of western Asian egg parasitoids into California for biological control of beet leafhopper, Circulifer tenellus. Pan-Pacific Entomologist 73, 236–242.

Chapter 13

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

 

 

Ormyrus nitidulus (Fabricius, 1804) – ♀ (Ormyridae) [photo courtesy of I.E. Popescu]

Ormyrus rufimanus Mayr, 1904 – ♀ (Ormyridae) [photo courtesy of I.E. Popescu]

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

14

Family Ormyridae Förster, 1856 Marina D. Zerova, José Luis Nieves-Aldrey, Hassan Ghahari, Gary A.P. Gibson and Victor N. Fursov

Ormyridae is one of the smallest families of Chalcidoidea, with Noyes (2019) listing 147 valid species in three genera: the cosmopolitan genus Ormyrus Westwood (145 species) and two monotypic genera, Ormyrulus Bouček (one species described from India) and Eubeckerella Narendran (one species described from Malaysia). Doğanlar (1991) divided Ormyrus into several genera, but his classification was not followed by Hanson (1992), Askew (1994) or others. In the past, ormyrids sometimes were included as a subfamily in either Pteromalidae or Torymidae, but since Bouček (1988) they have been accepted as their own family. Heraty et  al. (2013) recovered the family as monophyletic, but with uncertain sister-group relationships. Ormyrids are easily recognized by the following combination of characters: head with occipital carina, metasoma with transverse rows of large pits forming crenulate or foveolate sculpture, hind coxa enlarged with flat inner surface, and hind tibia with two stout, curved spurs; individuals are also bright metallic in colour and females have a non-exerted ovipositor (Hanson, 1997; Nieves-Aldrey et  al., 2007; Heraty et  al., 2013; Gómez et al., 2017). Ormyridae are most numerous in the tropics, where they are mainly associated with fig wasp galls (Agaonidae) on Ficus trees (Moraceae) (Bouček et al., 1981; Narendran, 1999; Rasplus et al., 2011). In temperate regions ormyrids are especially speciesrich in arid areas (Zerova and Seryogina, 2006). The majority of species of Ormyrus, the only genus present in Iran, are secondary idiobiont parasitoids of gall-inducer insects belonging to Hymenoptera (Cynipidae,Agaonidae, Eurytomidae and Pteromalidae), and Diptera (Tephritidae and Cecidomyiidae) (Bouček, 1977; Askew, 1994; Gómez et al., 2017). The great majority of the European species are associated with cynipid galls, either on herbs of several families (Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Papaveraceae) or on oaks (Quercus spp., Fagaceae) (Gómez et  al., 2017). Some species have also been recorded as parasitoids

of gall-inducing beetles (Coleoptera) (Yao and Yang, 2004) and thrips (Thysanoptera) (Narendran, 1999). Hosts of Eubeckerella are unknown, but the species of Ormyrulus are parasitoids of gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) (Bouček, 1986; Zerova and Seryogina, 1998; Noyes, 2019). Modarres Awal (1997, 2012) previously listed two and six species of Ormyrus, respectively, from Iran, whereas Lotfalizadeh et  al. (2012) listed 11 species and Ghahari and Gençer (2017) listed 13 species. Based on our checklist, the fauna of Iranian Ormyridae consists of 13 species (~8.8% of the world species) in the single genus Ormyrus, of which O. pallens Lotfalizadeh and Askew is currently considered as endemic to Iran (Table 21.3). Species have been recorded from 19 provinces, with seven species recorded from East Azarbaijan, followed by Lorestan (five species), Golestan, Kermanshah, Khuzestan, Kordestan, Mazandaran, Qazvin and West Azarbaijan (each with three species) (Table 21.4). These numbers suggest that the ormyrid fauna of Iran is as yet poorly studied, with no systematic sampling yet conducted. The main hosts of Iranian Ormyridae are Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) wasps; noteworthy is the absence of O. papaveris Perris, 1840, from Iran, which in Europe is a common parasitoid of Aylax papaveris (Perris, 1841) in head capsules of poppies (Papaver spp., Papaveraceae). Six species, O. bin­ goeliensis Doğanlar, O. longicornis Bouček, O. nitidulus (Fabricius), O. pomaceus (Geoffroy), O. pallens Lotfalizadeh and Askew, and O. rufi­ manus Mayr, are associated with oak gall wasps (tribe Cynipini) on trees of Quercus species (Fagaceae); and three species, O. diffinis (Fonscolombe), O. gratiosus (Förster) and O. wachtli Mayr are linked to herb gall wasps (tribe Aulacideini) on plants of the families Lamiaceae and Asteraceae. Thirty-four species of Cynipidae from nine genera (Andricus Hartig, Aphelonyx Mayr, Biorhiza Westwood, Chilaspis Mayr, Cynips L., Dryocosmus Giraud,

© CAB International 2021. Chalcidoidea of Iran (Insecta: Hymenoptera) (eds. H. Ghahari, G.A.P. Gibson and G. Viggiani). DOI: 10.1079/9781789248463.0014

281

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Isocolus Förster, Neuroterus Hartig and Pseudo­ neuroterus Kinsey) have been recorded as the hosts of six Ormyrus species, of which Andricus has the highest number of associated Ormyrus species. Additionally, two species of Agromyzidae and Tephritidae (Diptera) are the hosts of O. orientalis Walker. Host records are unknown for the six remaining species of Ormyrus reported from Iran. Comparison of the ormyrid fauna of Iran with adjacent countries (Table 21.5) indicates that the fauna of Iran (13 species) is similar in diversity to Turkey (12 species) and Russia (11 species), but more diverse than Kazakhstan (six species), Turkmenistan and United Arab Emirates (both with five species), Azerbaijan (three species), Afghanistan (two species) and Armenia, Iraq, Oman, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia (each with one species); no species have been recorded from Bahrain, Kuwait or Qatar (Noyes, 2019). Russia and Turkey both share eight known species with Iran, followed by Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan (each with three species) and Afghanistan, Armenia, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates (each with one species). Zerova and Seryogina (2015) recorded a total of 44 species of Ormyridae from the Palaearctic region.

Checklist of Iranian ORMYRIDAE Förster, 1856 Genus Ormyrus Westwood, 1832 Ormyrus bingoeliensis Doğanlar, 1991 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh et  al. (2012), Ghahari and Gençer (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Lorestan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012). General distribution: Iran, Turkey. Host records in Iran: Dryocosmus israeli (Sternlicht) (as Chilaspis israeli Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Quercus brantii (Fagaceae) (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012). Ormyrus bucharicus Zerova, 1985 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh et al. (2012), Ghahari and Gençer (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Qazvin (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012). General distribution: Iran, Uzbekistan. Ormyrus cupreus Askew, 1998 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh et al. (2012), Ghahari and Gençer (2017), Noyes (2019).

282

Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012). General distribution: Iran, Spain. Ormyrus diffinis (Fonscolombe, 1832) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh et al. (2012), Ghahari and Gençer (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh et  al., 2012), Golestan, Mazandaran, Northern Khorasan (Ghahari et  al., 2016), Khuzestan (Ghahari et al., 2010). General distribution: Bulgaria, Caucasus, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Montenegro, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia. Ormyrus discolor Zerova, 2005 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh et al. (2012), Ghahari and Gençer (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Lorestan, Razavi Khorasan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012). General distribution: Iran, Israel. Ormyrus gratiosus (Förster, 1860) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh et al. (2012), Ghahari and Gençer (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al., 2010), Golestan, West Azarbaijan (Samin, 2015), Ilam (Gharali and Zerova, 2004; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012; Modarres Awal, 2012; Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2014). General distribution: Armenia, Austria, Bulgaria, Caucasus, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Kazakhstan, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Uzbekistan. Host records in Iran: Isocolus sp. (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) (Modarres Awal, 2012), safflower cynipid gall wasp, Isocolus tinctorius Melika and Gharali on safflower, Carthamus oxycantha (Asteraceae) (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2014). Ormyrus longicornis Bouček, 1969 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari and Gençer (2017). Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Samin and Farzaneh, 2016, on Quercus brantii – Fagaceae).

Chapter 14

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

General distribution: Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Russia (Daghestan), Turkey. Ormyrus nitidulus (Fabricius, 1804) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh et al. (2012), Ghahari and Gençer (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Azizkhani et  al., 2005, 2008; Lotfalizadeh et  al., 2012), Fars, Khuzestan (Golestaneh et  al., 2008), Ilam (Nazemi-Rafie et  al., 2007), Kermanshah (Nazemi-Rafie et  al., 2007; Azizkhani et  al., 2008; Lotfalizadeh et  al., 2012), Kordestan (Nazemi-Rafie et  al., 2007; Lotfalizadeh et  al., 2012), Lorestan (Azizkhani et  al., 2005, 2008; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012; Modarres Awal, 2012), West Azarbaijan (Zargaran et  al., 2008; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012; Modarres Awal, 2012), Iran (no specific locality) (Azizkhani et al., 2005; Sadeghi et al., 2009; Tavakoli et al., 2010). General distribution: Algeria, Andorra, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bosnia Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Caucasus, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Jordan, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae): Andricus askewi Melika and Stone on Quercus infectoria (Fagaceae), Andricus caputmedusae (Hartig) on Quercus infectoria, Andricus coriarius (Hartig) on Quercus infecto­ ria and Quercus petraea, Andricus curtisii (Müller) on Quercus infectoria, Andricus lucidus (Hartig) on Quercus infectoria, Andricus meg­ alucidus Melika, Stone, Sadeghi and PujadeVillar on Quercus infectoria, Andricus tomentosus (Trotter) on Quercus infectoria, Andricus truncicolus (Giraud) on Quercus infec­ toria, Cynips quercusfolii (L.) on Quercus infec­ toria and Quercus macranthera (Nazemi-Rafie et al., 2007; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012), Andricus cecconii Kieffer on Quercus brantii, Andricus moreae (Graeffe) on Quercus infectoria, Andricus multiplicatus Giraud on Quercus brantii, Andricus stonei Melika, Tavakoli and Sadeghi on Quercus infectoria (Nazemi-Rafie et  al., 2007), Andricus galeatus (Giraud), Andricus grossular­ iae Giraud (as Andricus mayri (Wachtl)), Andricus polycerus (Giraud), Andricus pseu­ doaries Melika, Stone and Sadeghi on Quercus

Family Ormyridae Förster, 1856

petraea and Quercus macranthera, Andricus quercustozae, Cynips divisa Hartig, Cynips quercus (Fourcroy) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) (Lotfalizadeh et  al., 2012), Andricus sternlichti (Bellido, Pujade-Villar and Melika) on Quercus infectoria (Nazemi-Rafie et  al., 2007; Zargaran et al., 2008; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012; Modarres Awal, 2012), Aphelonyx persica Melika, Stone, Sadeghi and Pujade-Villar on Quercus brantii (Azizkhani, 2006; Nazemi-Rafie et  al., 2007; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012). Ormyrus orientalis Walker, 1871 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh et al. (2012), Ghahari and Gençer (2017). Distribution in Iran: Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari, East Azarbaijan, Isfahan (Lotfalizadeh et  al., 2012; Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2014), Kordestan (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998, all as Ormyrus hungaricus Erdős, 1946), Kuhgiloyeh & Boyerahmad (Saeidi, 2013, 2015), Mazandaran (Samin, 2015), Qazvin (Lotfalizadeh et  al., 2012), Razavi Khorasan (Ghahari et  al., 2010; Lotfalizadeh et  al., 2012; Samin, 2015), Tehran (Movahedi-Fazel et  al., 1998; Modarres Awal, 2012), Iran (no specific locality) (OILB, 1971; Bouček, 1977; Khatima and Reza, 2015). General distribution: Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Caucasus, Croatia, Czech Republic, Dominican Republic, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Moldova, Montenegro, Pakistan, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan. Host records in Iran: Acanthiophilus helianthi (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae) on safflower, Carthamus oxycantha (Asteraceae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998; Lotfalizadeh et  al., 2012; Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2014; Saeidi, 2015), Carthamus tinctorius (Saeidi, 2013; Khatima and Reza, 2015), Phytomyza orobanchiae Kaltenbach (Diptera: Agromyzidae) (MovahediFazel et al., 1998; Modarres Awal, 2012). Ormyrus pallens Lotfalizadeh and Askew, 2012 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh et al. (2012), Ghahari and Gençer (2017). Distribution in Iran: Kermanshah, Lorestan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Host records in Iran: Neuroterus lanuginosus Giraud and Pseudoneuroterus macropterus

283

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

(Hartig) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Quercus brantii (Fagaceae) (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012). Ormyrus pomaceus (Geoffroy, 1785) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh et al. (2012), Ghahari and Gençer (2017). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Ghahari et  al., 2010, as Ormyrus punctiger Westwood, 1832; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012), Fars (Golestaneh et al., 2008; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012), Kermanshah (Nazemi-Rafie et  al., 2007; Lotfalizadeh et  al., 2012), Khuzestan (Golestaneh et  al., 2008), Kordestan (Davatchi and Shojai, 1968; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998, all as O. puncti­ ger; Nazemi-Rafie et al., 2007; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012), Lorestan (Azizkhani et  al., 2008), Mazandaran (Lotfalizadeh et  al., 2012), Tehran (Modarres Awal, 2012), West Azarbaijan (Zargaran et  al., 2008; Lotfalizadeh et  al., 2012; Modarres Awal, 2012), Zanjan (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012, as O. punctiger), Iran (no specific locality) (OILB, 1971; Azizkhani et  al., 2005; Rizzo and Askew, 2009; Sadeghi et al., 2009; Tavakoli et al., 2010). General distribution: Andorra, Austria, Bulgaria, Caucasus, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Ireland (north and south), Italy, Japan, Jordan, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae): Andricus askewi Melika and Stone on Quercus infectoria (Fagaceae) (Nazemi-Rafie et  al., 2007; Zargaran et  al., 2008; Modarres Awal, 2012), Andricus caputmedusae (Hartig) on Quercus infectoria, Andricus moreae (Graeffe) on Quercus infectoria, Aphelonyx persica Melika, Stone, Sadeghi and Pujade-Villar on Quercus brantii, Andricus stonei Melika, Tavakoli and Sadeghi on Quercus infectoria, Andricus tomentosus (Trotter) on Quercus infec­ toria, Andricus truncicolus (Giraud) on Quercus infectoria, Dryocosmus mikoi Melika, Tavakoli, Stone and Azizkhani on Quercus brantii (Nazemi-Rafie et  al., 2007), Andricus cecconii Kieffer on Quercus brantii (Azizkhani 2006; Nazemi-Rafie et  al., 2007), Andricus coriarius (Hartig) on Quercus petraea and Quercus infec­ toria, Andricus lucidus (Hartig) Quercus infecto­ ria, Andricus polycerus (Giraud) on Quercus infectoria, Andricus pseudoaries Melika, Stone

284

and Sadeghi on Quercus macranthera and Quercus infectoria, Andricus sternlichti (Bellido, Pujade-Villar and Melika) on Quercus infectoria (Nazemi-Rafie et  al., 2007; Lotfalizadeh et  al., 2012), Andricus curvator Hartig on Quercus petraea, Andricus grossulariae Giraud (as Andricus mayri (Wachtl)), Andricus multiplica­ tus Giraud on Quercus brantii, Biorhiza pallida (Olivier), Cynips cornifex Hartig, Cynips quercus (Fourcroy) on Quercus macranthera, Neuroterus lanuginosus Giraud on Quercus brantii, Neuroterus quercusbaccarum (L.) on Quercus petraea, Pseudoneuroterus macropterus (Hartig) on Quercus castaneifolii (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012), Andricus grossulariae Giraud on Quercus brantii (Azizkhani, 2006; Nazemi-Rafie et  al., 2007; Zargaran et al., 2008; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012; Modarres Awal, 2012), Andricus megalucidus Melika, Stone, Sadeghi and Pujade-Villar on Quercus infectoria (Nazemi-Rafie et  al., 2007; Zargaran et al., 2008; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012; Modarres Awal, 2012), Dryocosmus israeli (Sternlicht) (as Chilaspis israeli Mayr) on Quercus brantii (Azizkhani 2006; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012), Neuroterus lenticularis (Olivier) on Quercus infectoria (Davatchi and Shojai, 1968; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998), Neuroterus saliens (Kollar) on Quercus brantii (Azizkhani, 2006; Zargaran et  al., 2008; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012; Modarres Awal, 2012). Comment: Ormyrus pomaceus is smaller-bodied than the preceding species; it has a more diverse range of host oak galls in which it may attack Synergus spp. (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) inquilines, and some chalcid parasitoids, in addition to the gall-inducers (Rizzo and Askew, 2009). Ormyrus rufimanus Mayr, 1904 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari and Gençer (2017). Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Samin and Farzaneh, 2016). General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, China, France, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates. Host records in Iran: Dryocosmus sp. (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Quercus sp. (Fagaceae) (Samin and Farzaneh, 2016). Ormyrus wachtli Mayr, 1904 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh et al. (2012), Ghahari and Gençer (2017).

Chapter 14

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012). General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia. Ormyrus sp. Distribution in Iran: Qazvin (Shojai, 1998). Host records in Iran: An unknown species of flies (Diptera) on Orobanche sp. (Orobanchaceae) (Shojai, 1998).

References Askew, R.R. (1994) Two new European species of Ormyrus (Hym., Ormyridae). Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 130, 87–93. Azizkhani, E. (2006) Parasitoid fauna of oak gall wasps in Lorestan province. PhD thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Tehran University, 277 pp. Azizkhani, E., Rasulian, G., Kharazi-Pakdel, A., Sadeghi, S.E., Tavakoli, M. and Melika, G. (2005) Report of eight species of parasitoid wasps belonging to Chalcidoidea from cynipid galls on oak trees. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 25, 79–80. Azizkhani, E., Sadeghi, S.E., Rasulian, G., Omid, R., Moniri, V.R., Farashiani, M.E. and Salahi, A. (2008) Parasitoids associated with oak gall wasps in Lorestan province. Forest and Range Protection Research 5, 175–186. ̌ k, Z. (1977) A faunistic review of the Yugoslavian Bouce Chalcidoidea (Parasitic Hymenoptera). Acta Entomologica Jugoslavica 13 (Supplementum), 1–145. Bouček, Z. (1986) Taxonomic study of chalcid wasps (Hymenoptera) associated with gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on mango trees. Bulletin of Entomological Research 76, 393–407. ̌ k, Z. (1988) Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Bouce A Biosystematic Revision of Genera of Fourteen Families, with a Reclassification of Species. CAB International, London, 832 pp. Bouček, Z., Watsham, A. and Wiebes, J.T. (1981) The fig wasp fauna of the receptacles of Ficus thonningii (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 124, 149–233. Davatchi, A. and Shojai, M. (1968) Les Hyménoptères entomophages de l’Iran (études faunestiques). Publication 107, Faculty of Agriculture, Tehran University, 89 pp. Doğanlar, M. (1991) Systematic positions of some taxa in Ormyridae and description of a new species in Ormyrus from Turkey and a new genus in the family (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Turkiye Entomoloji Dergisi 15, 1–3. Gençer, L. (2014) Contribution to the knowledge of the Ormyridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Sivas,

Family Ormyridae Förster, 1856

Turkey, with two new records. Journal of Entomological Research Society 16, 27–31. Ghahari, H. and Gençer, L. (2017) Checklists of the Eucharitidae and Ormyridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Iran. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae (Brno) 102, 145–157. Ghahari, H., Abd-Rabou, S., Sakenin, H., Hedqvist, K.J. and Ostovan, H. (2010) A contribution to some Chalcidoidea wasps (Hymenoptera) from Iran. Journal of Biological Control 24, 17–21. Ghahari, H., Myartseva, S.N. and Ruíz-Cancino, E. (2016) A faunistic study on some families of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) from Golestan province and vicinity, northern Iran. Folia Entomológica Mexicana 2, 10–15. Gharali, B. and Zerova, M. (2004) Natural enemies of safflower gall wasp, Isocolus sp. (Cynipidae: Aylacini) in Ilam province. Proceedings of the 16th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 August – 1 September 2004, University of Tabriz, p. 55. Golestaneh, S.R., Sadeghii, S.E., Azizkhani, E. and Farrar, N. (2008) Oak cynipid gall wasps (Hym.: Cynipidae) and associated parasitoids on Persian oak, Quercus brantii in southern Zagros. Iranian Journal of Forest and Range Protection Research 6, 20–28. Gómez, J.F., Hernández Nieves, M., Gayubo, S. and Nieves-Aldrey, J.L. (2017) Terminal-instar larval systematics and biology of West European species of Ormyridae associated with insect galls. ZooKeys 644, 51–88. Hanson, P. (1992) The Nearctic species of Ormyrus Westwood (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Ormyridae). Journal of Natural History 26, 1333–1365. Hanson, P. (1997) Ormyridae. In: Gibson, G.A.P., Huber, J.T. and Woolley, J.B. (eds) Annotated Keys to the Genera of Nearctic Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). NRC Research Press, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, pp. 531–533. Heraty, J.M., Burks, R.A., Cruaud, A., Gibson, G.A.P, Liljebad, J. et  al. (2013) A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Cladistics 29, 466–542. Khatima, A. and Reza, M. (2015) An overview on pest insect fauna of safflower fields in Iran. African Journal of Insects 2, 34–38. Lotfalizadeh, H. and Gharali, B. (2014) Hymenopterous parasitoids of safflower seed pests in Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 82, 1–11. Lotfalizadeh, H., Askew, R.R., Fuentes-Utrilla, P. and Tavakoli, M. (2012) The species of Ormyrus Westwood (Hymenoptera: Ormyridae) in Iran with description of an unusual new species. Zootaxa 3300, 34–44. Modarres Awal, M. (1997) Family Ormyridae. In: Modarres Awal, M. (ed.) List of Agricultural Pests and their Natural Enemies in Iran. 2nd edn. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, Iran, p. 277.

285

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Modarres Awal, M. (2012) Family Ormyridae. In: Modarres Awal, M. (ed.) List of Agricultural Pests and their Natural Enemies in Iran. 3rd edn. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, Iran, p. 511. Moravvej, S.A., Shishehbor, P. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2016) A checklist of Chalcidoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Khuzestan in southwestern Iran. Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 2, 121–142. Movahedi-Fazel, M., Shojai, M. and Esmaili, M. (1998) The efficiency of broomrape-miner fly Phytomyza orobanchiae Kaltenbach (Dip.: Agromyzidae) to decrease the ability of seed production in broomrape in Shahriar region. Proceedings of the 13th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 23–27 August 1998, Karaj Junior College of Agriculture, p. 96. Narendran, T.C. (1999) Indo-Australian Ormyridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). University of Calicut, Kerala, India, 227 pp. Nazemi-Rafie, J., Talebi, A.A., Sadeghi, S.E. and Melika, G. (2007) Parasitoids (Hym., Chalcidoidea) reared from oak gall wasps (Hym., Cynipidae) in west of Iran, with five new species records. Journal of Entomological Research Society 9, 43–56. Nieves-Aldrey, J.L., Hernández Nieves, M. and Gómez, J.F. (2007) A new afrotropical species of Ormyrus Westwood, 1832 (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Ormyridae). Graellsia 63, 53–60. Noyes, J.S. (2019) Universal Chalcidoidea Database. Available at: www.nhm.ac.uk/chalcidoids (accessed December 2019). OILB (1971) Liste d’identification des Entomophages 8. Organisation Internationale de Lutte Biologique, Geneva, pp. 1–64. Rasplus, J.-Y., LaSalle, J., Delvare, G., McKey, D. and Webber, B. (2011) A new afrotropical genus and species of Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) inducing galls on Bikinia (Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae) and a new species of Ormyrus (Hymenoptera: Ormyridae) associated with the gall. Zootaxa 2907, 51–59. Rizzo, M.C. and Askew, R.R. (2009) Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea inhabiting galls of Cynipidae in Jordan. Entomologica Fennica 15, 218–227. Sadeghi, S.E., Assareh, M.H. and Tavakoli, M. (2009) Oak Gall Wasps of Iran. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, 286 pp. [in Persian].

286

Saeidi, K. (2013) Hymenopterous pupal parasitoids of Acanthiophilus helianthi Rossi (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Kohgiloyeh safflower farms. Proceedings of the 2nd Global Conference on Entomology, November 8–12, 2013, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia, p. 28. Saeidi, K. (2015) Pupal hymenopterous parasitoids of Acanthiophilus helianthi (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Kohgiluyeh safflower farms. Plant Protection Journal 7, 47–57 [in Persian, English summary]. Samin, N. (2015) A faunistic study on some families of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) from Iran. Arquivos Entomoloxicos 14, 119–124. Samin, N. and Farzaneh M.H. (2016) A faunistic study on some families of Hymenoptera from Iran. Wuyi Science Journal 32, 44–51. Shojai, M. (1998) Entomology (Ethology Social Life and Natural Enemies) (Biological Control). 3rd vol., 3rd edn. University of Tehran Publication, Tehran, Iran, 550 pp. [in Persian]. Tavakoli, M., Melika, G., Sadeghi, S.E., Askew, R.R., Stone, G.N. et  al. (2010) Parasitoid communities (Chalcidoidea) of oak gall-wasps of Iran (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Proceedings of the 7th International Congress of Hymenopterists, 20–26 June 2010, Köszeg, Hungary, pp. 115–116. Yao, Y.-X. and Yang, Z.-Q. (2004) A new species of Ormyridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) parasitizing a gall-making weevil on twigs of the Bunge’s hackberry tree in China. Entomologica Fennica 15, 142–148. Zargaran, M.R., Sadeghi, S.E., Bakhshali-Saatlo, V. and Melika, G. (2008) Identification of oak gall wasp parasitoids in West Azerbaijan. Proceedings of the 18th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 24–27 August 2008, University of Bu-Ali Sina Hamedan, p. 83. Zerova, M.D. and Seryogina, L.Ya. (1998) Chalcid wasps (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Ormyridae and Torymidae (Megastigminae) of the Ukrainian fauna. Vestnik Zoologii (Supplement) 7, 3–65. Zerova, M.D. and Seryogina, L.Ya. (2006) Review of Palearctic Ormyridae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea), with description of two new species. Vestnik Zoologii 40, 27–40. Zerova, М.D. and Seryogina, L.Ya. (2015) Chalcid wasps of the family Ormyridae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) of Palearctic region. Vestnik Zoologii 32, 11–16.

Chapter 14

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

 

 

Perilampus aeneus (Rossius, 1790) – ♀ (Perilampidae) [photo courtesy of I.E. Popescu]

Perilampus tristis Mayr, 1905 – ♀ (Perilampidae) [photo courtesy of I.E. Popescu]

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

15

Family Perilampidae Förster, 1856 D. Christopher Darling, Hassan Ghahari and Gary A.P. Gibson

Perilampidae consists of 299 extant and one fossil species that are classified in 14 genera in three subfamilies: Chrysolampinae (six genera), Perilampinae (six genera) and Philomidinae (two genera). In addition, two monotypic genera are unassigned to subfamily, Jambiya Heraty and Darling (2007) and an unrecognized taxon (Introduction, Table I.1), Argaman (1990, 1991) subdivided Perilampus Latreille into 26 genera, but Darling (1996) presented evidence against the recognition of these genera and the classification of Argaman has not been followed by others. Family placement of Chrysolampinae and Philomidinae in Perilampidae has been historically unstable. Ruschka (1921) established the tribe Philomidini within the subfamily Perilampinae, whereas Bouček (1978, 1988) included Philomidinae as a subfamily of Eucharitidae and Gibson (1993) included it as a subfamily of Pteromalidae. Chrysolampinae has also in the past been included as a subfamily of Pteromalidae (e.g. Graham, 1969; Gibson, 1993), but was treated as a subfamily of Perilampidae by Bouček (1978, 1988) and others (e.g. Darling, 1986, 1997; Heraty et al., 2013). The uncertainty of correct family placement results in part from the morphological disparity of adults of the three subfamilies, which makes a family diagnosis difficult. However, the features used by Bouček (1988) in his key to families probably best diagnose the group: prepectus fused with lateral panel of pronotum (most Perilampinae) or, if clearly separated as an independent sclerite, then face with discernable supraclypeal area and with robust mandibles having two strong teeth (Chrysolampinae and Philomidinae), and mesonotum with complete notauli and with coarse piliferous punctures. Individuals of Perilampinae are distinguished by having the right mandible 3-toothed and the left mandible 2-toothed, and the only genus known from Iran, Perilampus, has the prepectus fused to the pronotum and a high metasoma that is more or less triangular in profile; whereas Philomidinae are

characterized by a strongly bulging prepectus that appears ‘shoulder-like’ on either side of the pronotum, which is strongly reduced and not visible from dorsal view, similar to members of the family Eucharitidae, and a flap-like labrum. Chrysolampinae have similarly structured mandibles as Philomidinae, but the prepectus is a flat, separate sclerite between the pronotum and mesopleuron, the pronotum is clearly visible in dorsal view, similar to Perilampinae, and the labrum has strong apical setae and resembles the digitate labrum shared by Perilampidae and Eucharitidae (Darling, 1986, 1988; Bouček, 1988). The molecular analyses of Munro et al. (2011) indicated that the three subfamilies of Perilampidae formed a grade along with Akapalinae (Eucharitidae), as did the analyses of Heraty et al. (2013), though with different indicated relationships among the subfamilies. Perilampidae and Eucharitidae together have often been regarded as a monophyletic group because the first-instar larvae of both, unlike for other chalcidoids, are active, well sclerotized, and responsible for gaining access to the host rather than the egg being deposited directly on or in the host by a female (Darling, 1992; Heraty and Darling, 2009). The eggs are laid on plant material and the first-instar larva, or planidium, locates the host. In species that are primary parasitoids, a planidium attaches itself to the host in any larval stage but waits until the host becomes a prepupa before proceeding with its development (Purrington, 1979; Heraty and Darling, 1984; Darling, 1995). The planidium of a hyperparasitoid species bores into the host and then into the ichneumonoid or tachinid primary parasitoid larva that the host may contain. It waits until the primary parasitoid has attained the prepupal or pupal stage and then feeds as an ectoparasitoid within the shelter of the cocoon or puparium (Ferrière and Kerrich, 1958; Noyes, 2019). The host biology of only a single species of Philomidinae is known and it is a parasitoid in the nests of a ground-nesting bee (Halictidae) (Darling, 1992),

© CAB International 2021. Chalcidoidea of Iran (Insecta: Hymenoptera) (eds. H. Ghahari, G.A.P. Gibson and G. Viggiani). DOI: 10.1079/9781789248463.0015

289

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

whereas Chrysolampinae are best documented as primary parasitoids of beetle larvae (Darling, 1986, 1997; Bouček, 1988). A few Perilampinae are primary parasitoids of aculeate Hymenoptera (similar to Philomidinae), beetles (similar to Chrysolampinae), sawflies (Hymenoptera) and Chrysopidae (Neuroptera), but most are hyperparasitoids developing on Ichneumonoidea (Hymenoptera) or Tachinidae (Diptera) through species of Lepidoptera, and Orthoptera (Clausen, 1940; Darling and Miller, 1991; Darling, 1992, 1995, 1999). No catalogue or checklist has previously been published on Iranian Perilampidae and no species of Perilampidae were listed by Noyes (2019) from Iran. However, the 16 species we record in our checklist (~5.3% of the world species) were reported previously by different contributors, including one species by Kamangar et al. (2010, 2016), Ghahari and Huang (2016) and Heraty et al. (2019), two species by Samin (2015), Ghahari et al. (2016) and Sakenin Chelav et al. (2018), four species by Samin et al. (2019) and five species by Samin and Farzaneh (2016). The identification keys of some works (e.g., Ferrière and Kerrich, 1958; Bouček, 1972, 1978; Argaman, 1990, 1991; Darling, 1996; Doğanlar and Doğanlar, 2014) also demonstrated the presence of species in Iran. A single species, Philomides hamooniae Heraty, Derafshan and Ghafouri Moghaddam, is currently considered as endemic to Iran (Table 21.3). The species are classified in five genera in three subfamilies: Perilampinae (Perilampus with eight species), Philomidinae (Philomides Haliday with two species) and Chrysolampinae (Chrysolampus Spinola with four species, and Brachyelatus Hoffer and Novicky and Chrysomalla Förster, both with one species). Species have been recorded from 12 provinces (Table 21.4), of which Guilan (four species) has the highest diversity, followed by Golestan (three species), West Azarbaijan (two species) and Ardabil, East Azarbaijan, Isfahan, Khuzestan, Kordestan, Lorestan, Mazandaran, Semnan and Sistan & Baluchestan (each with one species). Hosts are known for only two Iranian species of Perilampus, P. aeneus (Rossius) and P. tristis Mayr, which are parasitoids of Athalia rosae (L.) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) and Zeuzera pyrina (L.) (Lepidoptera: Cossidae), respectively. Both these hosts are destructive pests on trees and shrubs in Iran and these parasitoids can be important biological control agents. Comparison of the perilampid fauna of Iran with adjacent countries (Table 21.5) indicates that the

290

faunas of Kazakhstan and Turkey (both with 19 species) and Russia (17 species) are at least as diverse as for Iran (16 species), followed by Turkmenistan (seven species), Afghanistan and Azerbaijan (both with two species) and Armenia and Iraq (both with one species); no species have been recorded from Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia or United Arab Emirates (Noyes, 2019). Russia shares ten known species with Iran, followed by Turkey (five species), Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan (both with two species) and Iraq and Armenia (both with one species).

Checklist of Iranian PERILAMPIDAE Förster, 1856 Subfamily Chrysolampinae Dalla Torre, 1898 Genus Brachyelatus Hoffer and Novicky, 1954 Brachyelatus viridis Hoffer and Novicky, 1954 Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Samin et al., 2019). General distribution: Austria, Azerbaijan, Czech Republic, Hungary, Moldova, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine, former USSR. Genus Chrysolampus Spinola, 1811 Chrysolampus prominens (Ruschka, 1924) Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Ghahari et al., 2016). General distribution: Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Romania, Slovenia, Spain, Turkmenistan. Chrysolampus rufitarsis (Förster, 1859) Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Ghahari et al., 2016). General distribution: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Netherlands, Slovakia, Spain, United Kingdom. Chrysolampus splendidulus (Spinola, 1808) Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Samin, 2015). General distribution: Algeria, Caucasus, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey. Chrysolampus thenae (Walker, 1848) Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan (Samin, 2015). General distribution: Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom, Ukraine.

Chapter 15

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Genus Chrysomalla Förster, 1859 Chrysomalla roseri Förster, 1859 Distribution in Iran: Semnan (Ghahari and Huang, 2016). General distribution: Austria, Azerbaijan, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Serbia, Spain, Tajikistan, Turkey, Ukraine, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Subfamily Perilampinae Förster, 1856 Genus Perilampus Latreille, 1809 Perilampus aeneus (Rossius, 1790) Distribution in Iran: Kordestan (Kamangar et al., 2010, 2016; Samin and Farzaneh, 2016), Lorestan (Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Bosnia Hercegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Netherlands, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Larval parasitoid of Athalia rosae (L.) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) (Kamangar et al., 2010, 2016; Modarres Awal, 2012). Perilampus auratus (Panzer, 1798) Distribution in Iran: Ardabil (Sakenin Chelav et al., 2018), Guilan (Samin et al., 2019). General distribution: Caucasus, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Netherlands, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Ukraine. Perilampus chrysonotus Förster, 1859 Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Samin and Farzaneh, 2016). General distribution: Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Mongolia, Netherlands, Russia, Serbia, Siberia, Slovakia, Sweden, Ukraine, former USSR. Perilampus laevifrons Dalman, 1822 Distribution in Iran: Khuzestan (Samin and Farzaneh, 2016). General distribution: Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, England, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Mongolia, Netherlands, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden, Ukraine. Perilampus micans Dalman, 1820 Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Samin et al., 2019).

Family Perilampidae Förster, 1856

General distribution: Armenia, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Slovakia, Sweden, Transcaucasus, United Kingdom, United States of America. Perilampus nitens Walker, 1834 Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan (Samin and Farzaneh, 2016). General distribution: Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Macedonia, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, former USSR. Perilampus ruficornis (Fabricius, 1793) Distribution in Iran: Isfahan (Samin and Farzaneh, 2016). General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Canada (introduced), China, Croatia, Czech Republic, England, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Lithuania, Netherlands, Nigeria, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden, Ukraine, United States of America (introduced), former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Perilampus tristis Mayr, 1905 Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Sakenin Chelav et al., 2018). General distribution: Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Canada (introduced), China, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Moldova, Mongolia, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America (introduced). Host records in Iran: Parasitoid of Zeuzera pyrina (L.) (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) (Sakenin Chelav et al., 2018). Subfamily Philomidinae Ruschka, 1924 Genus Philomides Haliday, 1862 Philomides hamooniae Heraty, Derafshan and Ghafouri Moghaddam, 2019 Distribution in Iran: Sistan & Baluchestan (Heraty et al., 2019). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Philomides paphius Haliday, 1862 Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Samin et al., 2019). General distribution: Albania, Caucasus, Cyprus, Greece, India, Italy, Kazakhstan, Russia, Spain, Turkmenistan, former Yugoslavia.

291

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

References Argaman, Q. (1990) A synopsis of Perilampus Latreille with descriptions of new genera and species (Hymenoptera: Perilampidae), I. Acta Zoologica Hungarica 36, 189–263. Argaman, Q. (1991) A synopsis of Perilampus Latreille with descriptions of new genera and species (Hymenoptera: Perilampidae), II. Acta Zoologica Hungarica 37, 1–19. Bouček, Z. (1972) Mediterranean Perilampidae: Eup­ erilampus and genera allied to Chrysomalla (Hym., Chalcidoidea). Mitteilungen der Münchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft 61, 90–107. Bouček, Z. (1978) A generic key to Perilampinae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea), with a revision of Krombeinius n. gen. and Euperilampus Walker. Entomologica Scandinavica 9, 299–307. ̌ k, Z. (1988) Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Bouce A Biosystematic Revision of Genera of Fourteen Families, with a Reclassification of Species. CAB International, London, 832 pp. Clausen, C.P. (1940) Entomophagous Insects. MacGraw Hill, New York, x + 688 pp. Darling, D.C. (1986) Revision of the New World Chrysolampinae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). The Canadian Entomologist 118, 913–940. Darling, D.C. (1988) Comparative morphology of the labrum in Hymenoptera: the digitate labrum of Perilampidae and Eucharitidae (Chalcidoidea). Canadian Journal of Zoology 66, 2811–2835. Darling, D.C. (1992) The life history and larval morphology of Aperilampus (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) with a discussion of the phylogenetic affinities of the Philomidinae. Systematic Entomology 17, 331–339. Darling, D.C. (1995) Perilampidae. In: Hanson, P.E. and Gauld, I.D. (eds) Hymenoptera of Costa Rica. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, pp. 351–354. Darling, D.C. (1996) Generic concepts in the Perilampidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea): an assessment of recently proposed genera. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 5, 100–130. Darling, D.C. (1997) Perilampidae. In: Gibson, G.A.P., Huber, J.T. and Woolley, J.B. (eds) Annotated Keys to the Genera of Nearctic Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). NRC Press, Ottawa, Canada, pp. 534–540. Darling, D.C. (1999) Life history and immature stages of Steffanolampus salicetum (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Perilampidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Ontario 130, 3–14. Darling, D.C. and Miller, T.D. (1991) Life history and larval morphology of Chrysolampus (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Chrysolampinae) in western North America. Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, 2168–2177. Doğanlar, M. and Doğanlar, O. (2014) Review of Chrysolampinae Dalla Torre 1898 (Hymenoptera: Perilampidae) with descriptions of new species from Turkey. Entomofauna 35, 49–84.

292

Ferrière, C. and Kerrich, G.J. (1958) Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects. Vol. 8: Hymenoptera. Pt 2a: Chalcidoidea. Royal Entomological Society of London, St Albans, UK, 40 pp. Ghahari, H. and Huang, J. (2016) The species of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) from Semnan province, Iran. Wuyi Science Journal 32, 52–56. Ghahari, H., Myartseva, S.N. and Ruíz-Cancino, E. (2016) A faunistic study on some families of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) from Golestan province and vicinity, northern Iran. Folia Entomológica Mexicana 2, 10–15. Gibson, G.A.P. (1993) Superfamilies Mymarommatoidea and Chalcidoidea. In: Goulet, H. and Huber, J.T. (eds) Hymenoptera of the World: An Identification Guide to Families. Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, pp. 570–655. Graham, M.W.R. de V. (1969) The Pteromalidae of NorthWestern Europe (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Bulletin of British Museum of Natural History Entomology, Supplement 16, 1–908. Heraty, J.M. and Darling, D.C. (1984) Comparative morphology of the planidial larvae of Eucharitidae and Perilampidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Systematic Entomology 9, 309–328. Heraty, J.M. and Darling, D.C. (2007) A new genus and species of Perilampidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) with uncertain placement in the family. Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario 138, 33–47. Heraty, J.M. and Darling, D.C. (2009) Fossil Eucharitidae and Perilampidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Baltic Amber. Zootaxa 2306, 1–16. Heraty, J.M., Burks, R.A., Cruaud, A., Gibson, G.A.P, Liljebad, J. et al. (2013) A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Cladistics 29, 466–542. Heraty, J.M., Derafshan, H.A. and Ghafouri Moghaddam, M. (2019) Review of the Philomidinae Ruschka (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Perilampidae), with description of three new species. Arthropod Systematics and Phylogeny 77, 39–56. Kamangar, S., Lotfalizadeh, H., Gharali, B. and Mansour Ghazi, M. (2010) Identification of natural enemies of Athalia rosae and investigation on effects of these agents on the control of the pest in Kurdistan province. Proceedings of 19th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 31 July – 3 August 2010, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, p. 158. Kamangar, S., Gharali, B. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2016) Identification of parasitoids of Athalia rosae and evaluation of parasitism percent in Kurdistan province. Journal of Field Crop Entomology 6, 25–33. Modarres Awal, M. (2012) Family Perilampidae. In: Modarres Awal, M. (ed.) List of Agricultural Pests and their Natural Enemies in Iran. 3rd edn. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, Iran, p. 512. Munro, J.B., Heraty, J.M., Burks, R.A., Hawks, D., Mottern, J. et al. (2011) A molecular phylogeny of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). PLoS ONE 6, e27023.

Chapter 15

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Noyes, J.S. (2019) Universal Chalcidoidea Database. Available at: www.nhm.ac.uk/chalcidoids (accessed December 2019). Purrington, F.F. (1979) Biology of the hyperparasitic wasp Perilampus similis (Hymenoptera: Perilam­ pidae). The Great Lakes Entomologist 12, 63–66. Ruschka, F. (1921) Chalcididenstudien I. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 70, 234–315. Sakenin Chelav, H., Samin, N., Myartseva, S.N., Abd-Rabou, S., Gençer, L. and Naderian, H. (2018) A faunistic study on Chalcidoidea

Family Perilampidae Förster, 1856

(Hymenoptera) of Iran. Natura Somogyiensis 32, 11–20. Samin, N. (2015) A faunistic study on some families of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) from Iran. Arquivos Entomoloxicos 14, 119–124. Samin, N. and Farzaneh, M.H. (2016) A faunistic study on some families of Hymenoptera from Iran. Wuyi Science Journal 32, 44–51. Samin, N., Ruíz Cancino, E., Myartseva, S., Trjapitzin, V.A., Gençer, L. and Sakenin, H. (2019) A faunistic study of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) from Guilan province and adjacent areas, northern Iran. Entomofauna 40, 47–58.

293

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

 

 

Pteromalus bedeguaris (Thomson, 1878) – ♀ (Pteromalidae) [photo courtesy of I.E. Popescu]

Spalangia sp – ♂ (Pteromalidae) [photo courtesy of I.E. Popescu] .

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

16

Family Pteromalidae Dalman, 1820 Gary A.P. Gibson, Klarissa A. Dzhanokmen, Simon van Noort, Hassan Ghahari and Mikdat Doga ̆ nlar

Pteromalidae are the third most speciose family of Chalcidoidea after Eulophidae and Encyrtidae, with 4257 extant and 26 fossil species in 648 genera (Introduction, Table I.1). Although less speciose than the other two families, Pteromalidae are much more diverse morphologically than are other chalcidoid families, which is reflected in the 34 subfamilies that are recognized in the family (Introduction, Table I.1). As presently defined, Pteromalidae is characterized by having 5-segmented tarsi, fore tibial spur curved and bifurcate, antenna usually 13-segmented if clava counted as three segments, ovipositor rarely strongly exserted, postmarginal and stigmal veins of fore wing usually well-developed, and mesopleuron not swollen and convex. In other words, the family is diagnosed by not having the combination of characters that are used to characterize the other families of Chalcidoidea (Bouček, 1988). Pteromalidae might be defined largely as what remains after all the other families of Chalcidoidea have been differentiated and, as presently defined, undoubtedly is paraphyletic or polyphyletic relative to some of the other recognized families (Gibson et al., 1999; Krogmann and Vilhelmsen, 2006; Munro et al., 2011, Heraty et al., 2013). Its limits and placement are simply unknown (Desjardins, 2007) and inclusion or exclusion of some subfamilies remains highly problematic (Heraty et al., 2013). In the past, some groups now classified as subfamilies in Pteromalidae were recognized as their own families (e.g. Miscogasteridae, Spalangiidae, Cleonymidae), whereas others were classified in other families or left unassigned to family. For example, Bouček (1988) treated Sycophaginae and Sycoryctinae as subfamilies of Agaonidae, whereas both were removed from Agaonidae by Rasplus et al. (1998), though Heraty et al. (2013) subsequently transferred Sycophaginae back into Agaonidae, but treated Sycoryctinae as a subfamily of Pteromalidae. In our work the family Agaonidae is treated as comprising only the pollinating or ‘true’ fig wasps (see Chapter 1), and thus

both Sycophaginae and Sycoryctinae are here included as subfamilies of Pteromalidae. Some other subfamilies are also assigned to Pteromalidae mainly because they do not fit into any other chalcidoid family as presently defined (Desjardins, 2007; Heraty et al., 2013). A group of putatively related families with 5-segmented tarsi, including Pteromalidae, are often referred to collectively as the ‘pteromalid lineage’, as distinguished from ‘mymarid’ and ‘eulophid’ lineages (Desjardins et al., 2007) or ‘hard bodied’ relative to ‘soft bodied’ chalcidoids (Heraty et al., 2013). Pteromalids are distributed in all biogeographical areas of the world and the family shows great biological diversity (Graham, 1969; Bouček and Heydon, 1997), though they are mostly primary or secondary, solitary or gregarious parasitoids of the larval and pupal stages or, much more rarely, of eggs or adults, of holometabolous insects, most commonly of Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Diptera. However, some pteromalids are predators or parasitoids of eggs of different families of Hemiptera, and a few are associated with the egg cocoons of spiders (Araneae) (Burks, 1979; Bouček and Rasplus, 1991; Goulet and Huber, 1993; Bouček and Heydon, 1997; Dzhanokmen, 2002). Phytophagy is also known, but is relatively rare, some species developing in seeds of plants, others being gall makers and still others developing as inquilines in insect galls. Thus, almost the whole range of biologies found in the Chalcidoidea is present in Pteromalidae (Bouček, 1988). The main feature of the biology of Pteromalidae is the predominance of ectoparasitoids in comparison with endoparasitoids. Several species have been used successfully in biological control, though they do not rival the success of other parasitoid groups such as Aphelinidae and Encyrtidae or Braconidae (Ichneumonoidea) (Godfray, 1994; Bouček and Heydon, 1997; Dzhanokmen, 2017a). They do, however, help regulate the abundance of many insects (Tselikh, 2010) and play a major role in agriculture, forestry and nature in general (Bouček

© CAB International 2021. Chalcidoidea of Iran (Insecta: Hymenoptera) (eds. H. Ghahari, G.A.P. Gibson and G. Viggiani). DOI: 10.1079/9781789248463.0016

295

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

and Heydon, 1997; Gibson, 2003; Desjardins, 2007). One such example is the regulation of muscoid flies, especially house flies and stable flies, by members of the subfamily Spalangiinae, which are all primary parasitoids of Diptera puparia (Gauld and Bolton, 1988; Hanson and Gauld, 1995; Gibson, 2009). Farahbakhsh (1961) initially listed one named species in each of Cyrtoptyx Delucchi and Dibrachoides Kurdjumov, plus an unidentified species of Pteromalus Swederus as comprising the Iranian fauna of Pteromalidae. Modarres Awal (1997) listed 21 named species plus one unidentified species in each of Eupteromalus Kurdjumov (= Trichomalopsis Crawford), Habrocytus Thomson (= Pteromalus), Oxysychus Delucchi and Urolepis Walker, as well as two species of Spalangia Latreille, but in the family Spalangiidae, and Lariophagus distinguendus (Förster) erroneously in Chalcididae. Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008) listed 78 species in 49 genera and nine subfamilies, whereas Modarres Awal (2012) listed 50 species in Pteromalidae plus three species in Spalangiidae as well as L. distinguendus in Chalcididae. Ghahari et al. (2015a) listed 227 species in 114 genera and 16 subfamilies, and most recently Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017) recorded 129 species in 62 genera belonging to ten subfamilies. Based on our checklist, the fauna of Iranian Pteromalidae consists of 276 species (~6.5% of the world species) following our inclusion of seven newly recorded species (Halticoptera laevigata Thomson and Miscogaster hortensis Walker (Miscogasterinae), and Psilonotus adamas Walker, Pteromalus apum (Retzius), Pteromalus chrysos Walker, Schizonotus latus (Walker) and Trichomalopsis hemiptera (Walker) (Pteromalinae)), and exclusion of 12 species (Table 21.2); four species are currently considered as endemic to Iran (Table 21.3). The species are classified in 120 genera in the following 16 subfamilies: Asaphinae, Cerocephalinae, Cleonyminae, Colotrechninae, Cratominae, Diparinae, Eunotinae, Macromesinae, Miscogasterinae, Ormocerinae, Panstenoninae, Pireninae, Pteromalinae, Spalangiinae, Sycophaginae and Sycoryctinae. By far the most diverse subfamily is Pteromalinae, with 193 species in 83 genera (Fig. 16.1). Further, among the 120 recognized pteromalid genera, the most diverse is Mesopolobus Westwood (19 species), followed by Pteromalus (18 species), Halticoptera Spinola (13 species), Pachyneuron Walker (12 species) and Spalangia and Sphegigaster Spinola (both with ten species). Species have been recorded from all 31 provinces (Table 21.4), of which East Azarbaijan

296

(72 species) and Mazandaran (66 species) have the highest diversity (Fig. 16.2). Hosts of Iranian Pteromalidae belong to six orders: Coleoptera (22 species in Curculionidae, seven species in both of Buprestidae and Chrysomelidae, two species in each of Bostrichidae, Cerambycidae, Coccinellidae and Ptinidae and one species in both of Brentidae and Dermestidae), Diptera (13 species in Tephritidae, nine species in Agromyzidae, four species in Cecidomyiidae, three species in Syrphidae, two species in each of Chloropidae, Drosophilidae, Sarcophagidae and Tabanidae and one species in each of Anthomyidae, Callaphididae, Ephydridae and Muscidae), Hemiptera (nine species in both of Aphididae and Pseudococcidae, 12 species in Coccidae, five species in Diaspididae, four species in Psyllidae and one species in Eriococcidae), Hymenoptera (19 species in Cynipidae, seven species in Braconidae, four species in Eurytomidae, two species in each of Agaonidae, Cephidae, Encyrtidae, Eulophidae and Ichneumonidae and one species in each of Megachilidae, Sphecidae, Torymidae and Vespidae), Lepidoptera (five species in Tortricidae, four species in Pyralidae, two species in each of Erebidae,Nymphalidae,Papilionidae,Thaumetopoeidae and Yponomeutidae and one species in each of Arctiidae, Elachistidae, Gelechiidae, Lasiocampidae, Notodontidae, Pieridae, Plutellidae and Tineidae) and Neuroptera (two species in Chrysopidae). Comparison of the pteromalid fauna of Iran with adjacent countries (Table 21.5) indicates that the fauna of Kazakhstan (301 species) is more diverse than that of Iran (276 species), followed by Russia (210 species), Turkey (180 species), Azerbaijan and Pakistan (both with 30 species), Turkmenistan (29 species), Armenia (19 species), United Arab Emirates (12 species according to van Noort and Rasplus, 2010), Iraq (ten species), Saudi Arabia (eight species), Afghanistan (seven species) and Oman (one species); no species have been recorded from Bahrain, Kuwait or Qatar (Noyes, 2019). Furthermore, 80 species were recorded from the former USSR (Noyes, 2019) and the number of species from Russia and Middle Asian countries would be increased if the exact localities of these species were known. Kazakhstan shares 125 known species with Iran, followed by Turkey (104 species), Russia (101 species), Azerbaijan (23 species), Turkmenistan (20 species), Armenia (18 species), Pakistan (15 species), Iraq (nine species), Saudi Arabia (five species), Afghanistan (two species) and Oman and United Arab Emirates (both with one species); the former USSR shared a reported 29 species with Iran.

Chapter 16

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Number of genera and species

250 193

200

150

Species Genera

83

100

50 3 2 4 2

15

8 2 1 1 1 1 1 7 4 1 1

22

7 8 2 1 1 3 3

10

1 2 1 3 2

0

e e e e e e e ae ae ae ae ae nae nae nae nae na lina ina ina ina rina tina i i in rin rin nin nin s n gi cti a al gi m m o a e ste y h ce no ire n m lan ch ato ip a ha ory n p m o u s o e a p e P D r E a ro g o yc A oce leo otr er rm st C ac sco O an Sp Syc S C Pt ol er i M P C C M i ph

Subfamilies of Iranian Pteromalidae Fig. 16.1.  Species diversity of Iranian Pteromalidae by subfamily.

80

73 66

Number of species

70 60 50 40 30

30 28 28 28

28

31 25 19

18

20 10

42

39 37

38

5 3

9

5

11

9 3

2

9 7 9 10

6

3

8 1

Ku

hg i

lo

ye h

& Ho G Bo rm uil o a Keyer zg n ah an N r m m Si or a a st th an er L nsh d n & K ore ah Ba ho sta lu ra n ch sa R M K est n az a e an av za rm i K nd an h a Kh ora ran uz sa es n ta n W Is Far es G fa s Ea t A ol ha st za est n C ha Az rb an ha ar aija ba n rm ah T ija al B ehr n & us an Ba he kh hr ti A H rd ari am a bi M ada l ar n Q kaz a i Za zvin nj a So Ila n ut he Ya m rn Kh Alb zd Ko ora orz rd sa es n ta Se Qo n m m na n

0

Provinces of Iran Fig. 16.2.  Number of reported species of Iranian Pteromalidae by province.

Family Pteromalidae Dalman, 1820

297

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Checklist of Iranian PTEROMALIDAE Dalman, 1820 Subfamily Asaphinae Ashmead, 1904 Genus Asaphes Walker, 1834 Asaphes suspensus (Nees, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Ardabil (Ghafouri-Moghaddam et al., 2014), Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari (Khajehali and Poorjavad, 2015), East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008), Kerman (Mitroiu et al., 2011), Kordestan (Dehdar and Madjdzadeh, 2013, 2016). General distribution: Argentina, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Mexico, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Pemphigus spyrothecae Passerini (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Ghafouri-Moghaddam et al., 2014), Tinocallis nevskyi Remaudière, Quednau and Heie (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Khajehali and Poorjavad, 2015). Plant associations in Iran: Anthemis sp. (Asteraceae), Malus sp. (Rosaceae), Prunus persica (as Persica sp.) (Rosaceae), Trifolium sp. (Fabaceae) (Dehdar and Madjdzadeh, 2016). Comments: The morphology of the different life stages of A. suspensus was studied by Mirkarimi (1998). Asaphes vulgaris Walker, 1834 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Modarres Awal, 2012), Kordestan (Nazemi-Rafi et al., 2011), Razavi Khorasan (Ferrer-Suay et al., 2013). General distribution: Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Greenland, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan,

298

Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Aphidius spp., Diaeretiella rapae (M’Intosh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) (Modarres Awal, 2012). Plant associations in Iran: Alfalfa field, apple orchard (Nazemi-Rafi et al., 2011), wheat field (Ferrer-Suay et al., 2013). Genus Hyperimerus Girault, 1917 Hyperimerus pusillus (Walker, 1833) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Ghahari et al., 2010a), Tehran (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005). General distribution: Canada, China, Czech Republic, Germany, Iran, Italy, Montenegro, Romania, Russia, Sweden, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Cacopsylla pyricola Förster (as Psylla pyricola Förster) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) on pear tree (Pyrus sp. – Rosaceae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005; Ghahari et al., 2010a). Subfamily Cerocephalinae Gahan, 1946 Genus Cerocephala Westwood, 1832 Cerocephala cornigera Westwood, 1832 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Isfahan (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005; Ghahari et al., 2010a). General distribution: Armenia, Belgium, Caucasus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, France, Germany, Iran, Israel, Italy, Macedonia, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Philippines, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, United Kingdom, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Scolytus amygdali (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on almond tree (Prunus dulcis – Rosaceae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005) and Scolytus sp. (Ghahari et al., 2010a). Cerocephala rufa (Walker, 1833) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Sakenin et al., 2008a).

Chapter 16

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

General distribution: Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Kazakhstan, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States of America, former Yugoslavia. Genus Theocolax Westwood, 1832 Theocolax elegans (Westwood, 1874) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Khuzestan (Habibpour et al., 2002; Moravvej et al., 2016, 2018), Mazandaran (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005), Razavi Khorasan (Akbari Asl et al., 2009). General distribution: Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Belize, Brazil, Canada, China, Congo, French Guiana, Germany, Greece, Guam, Guyana, Hawaii, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Kirgizia, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mexico, Morocco, Netherlands, Nigeria, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Senegal, South Africa, Surinam, Sweden, Thailand, Togo, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Parasitoid of stored product pests (Habibpour et al., 2002), Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005). Theocolax formiciformis Westwood, 1832 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: Alborz, Guilan (Shojai et al., 2001), Golestan (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005), Mazandaran (Asemi and Shojai, 2004; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Australia, Belgium, Canary Islands, Caucasus, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Russia, Sweden, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Scolytus multistriatus (Marsham) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (Shojai et al., 2001), Anobium punctatum (DeGeer) (Coleoptera: Ptinidae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005), Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (Asemi and Shojai, 2004; Modarres Awal, 2012). Comments: Shojai et al. (2001) reported this species as Choetospila sp. (Choetospila Westwood, 1874 = Theocolax) but it was subsequently determined as T. formiciformis by the late T.C. Narendran.

Family Pteromalidae Dalman, 1820

Subfamily Cleonyminae Walker, 1837 Genus Agrilocida Steffan, 1964 Agrilocida ferrieri Steffan, 1964 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Ardabil (Ghahari and Huang, 2012), Guilan (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005). General distribution: Algeria, Central Asia, France, Iran, Israel, former USSR (Central Asia). Host records in Iran: Sphenoptera sp. (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) on poplar (Populus sp. – Salicaceae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005; Ghahari and Huang, 2012). Genus Callocleonymus Masi, 1940 Callocleonymus pulcher Masi, 1940 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh and Khalghani, 2008; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2017), West Azarbaijan (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005). General distribution: Kazakhstan, Somalia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan. Host records in Iran: Trachys minuta (Linneaus) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) on apple tree (Malus sp. – Rosaceae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005), Scolytus rugulosus (Müller) (as Ruguloscolytus mediterraneus (Eggers)) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Xylopertha reflexicauda (Lesne) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) (Lotfalizadeh and Khalghani, 2008; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2017). Genus Chalcedectus Walker, 1852 Chalcedectus balachowskyi Steffan, 1968 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Iran (no specific locality) (Steffan, 1968; Sharifi and Javadi, 1971; Lotfalizadeh and Khalghani, 2008; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2017). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Host records in Iran: Osphranteria coerulescens Redtenbacher (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) on Rosa sp. (Rosaceae) (Steffan, 1968; Sharifi and Javadi, 1971; Lotfalizadeh and Khalghani, 2008; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2017). Chalcedectus sinaiticus (Masi, 1936) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017).

299

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Distribution in Iran: Hormozgan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2017). General distribution: Algeria, Egypt, Israel. Genus Cleonymus Latreille, 1809 Cleonymus laticornis Walker, 1837 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Damavandian and Feli Kohikheili, 2015; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2017). General distribution: Belgium, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Morocco, Netherlands, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States of America, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) on Prunus divaricata Ledeb (Rosaceae) (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2017). Cleonymus narendrani Samin and Sureshan, 2018 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Fars (Samin and Sureshan, 2018). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Genus Heydenia Förster, 1856 Heydenia pretiosa Förster, 1856 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Davatchi and Shojai, 1969; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2017), East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008; Lotfalizadeh and Khalghani, 2008; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2017), Hamadan, Kordestan, Markazi, Tehran, Zanjan (Shojai, 1968, 1998; Radjabi, 1991; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Mazandaran (Sakenin et al., 2008a), West Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al., 2015b), Iran (no specific locality) (Herting, 1973). General distribution: Austria, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Moldova, Norway, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Xylophagous beetles (Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) (Herting), Phloeosinus bicolor (Brullé) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (Davatchi and Shojai, 1969; Radjabi, 1991; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2017), Sphenoptera davatchii Descarpentries (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) (Shojai, 1968, 1998; Radjabi, 1991; Modarres Awal,

300

1997, 2012; Ghahari et al., 2015b), Scolytus rugulosus (Müller) (as Scolytus mediterraneus (Eggers)) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (Davatchi and Shojai, 1969; Radjabi, 1991; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2017), Xylopertha reflexicauda (Lesne) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2017). Genus Notanisus Walker, 1837 Notanisus clavatus Bouček, 1961 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2019a). General distribution: Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Cyprus, Georgia, Greece, Kazakhstan, Romania, Transcaucasus. Notanisus oulmesiensis (Delucchi, 1962) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Isfahan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2019a), Kermanshah (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005), West Azarbaijan (Ghahari and Huang, 2012). General distribution: Croatia, Cyprus, Greece, Iran, Montenegro, Morocco, Romania, Turkey, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Sphenoptera sp. (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005; Ghahari and Huang, 2012). Notanisus sexramosus (Erdős, 1946) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Ghahari and Tabari, 2019). General distribution: Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Ukraine, United States of America, former USSR. Notanisus vanharteni Gibson, 2015 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2017, 2019a). General distribution: United Arab Emirates. Plant associations in Iran: Dorema ammoniacum (Apiaceae) (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2017, 2019a). Notanisus versicolor Walker, 1837 Catalogues with Iranian records: None.

Chapter 16

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2019a). General distribution: Algeria, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Caucasus, Croatia, former Czechoslovakia, France, Georgia, Hungary, India, Italy, Kazakhstan, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Transcaucasus, former Yugoslavia. Genus Oodera Westwood, 1874 Oodera formosa (Girault, 1863) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017, as Oodera monstrum Nikol’skaya, 1952), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Ilam (Jozeyan et al., 2017), Kordestan (Nazemi-Rafi and Lotfalizadeh, 2010; Nazemi-Rafi et al., 2011; Alipanah et al., 2013; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2017, all as Oodera monstrum Nikol’skaya, 1952), Mazandaran (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005), West Azarbaijan (Ghahari and Huang, 2012). General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Caucasus, Croatia, France, Iran, Italy, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Ukraine, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Capnodis sp. (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) on the apricot (Prunus armeniaca – Rosaceae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005; Ghahari and Huang, 2012).

India, Italy, Kazakhstan, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Transcaucasus, United Kingdom. Colotrechnus viridis (Masi, 1921) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari, East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2014), Ilam (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008, 2014), Kerman, Northern Khorasan (Rahmani et al., 2019a, on Cyperus globosus). General distribution: Azerbaijan, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Libya, Lithuania, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Turkmenistan, former USSR, Uzbekistan. Host records in Iran: Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) on safflower (Carthamus oxycantha – Asteraceae) (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008, 2014), Acanthiophilus helianthi Rossi (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Carthamus oxycantha (Saeidi, 2015). Colotrechnus sp. Distribution in Iran: Ilam (Gharali, 2004). Host records in Iran: Safflower shoot flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) (Gharali, 2004). Subfamily Cratominae Ashmead, 1904

Genus Solenura Westwood, 1868 Solenura ania (Walker, 1846) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Ghahari, 2019). General distribution: China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand. Solenura nigra (Walker, 1872) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Ghahari, 2019). General distribution: Botswana, Israel, Ivory Coast, Kenya, South Africa, Yemen. Subfamily Colotrechninae Thomson, 1876 Genus Colotrechnus Thomson, 1878 Colotrechnus subcoeruleus Thomson, 1878 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Rahmani et al., 2019a). General distribution: Austria, Bosnia Hercegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary,

Family Pteromalidae Dalman, 1820

Genus Cratomus Dalman, 1820 Cratomus megacephalus (Fabricius, 1793) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Ghahari and Huang, 2012), Mazandaran (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005). General distribution: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Sphex lividocinctus Kohl (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) in the stem of oak (Quercus sp. – Fagaceae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005; Ghahari and Huang, 2012). Subfamily Diparinae Thomson, 1876 Genus Dipara Walker, 1833 Dipara petiolata Walker, 1833 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Noyes (2019).

301

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Ghahari and Huang, 2012), Mazandaran (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005). General distribution: Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Moldova, Netherlands, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Anthonomus gemmicola Minacian (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005; Ghahari and Huang, 2012). Dipara sp. Distribution in Iran: Fars (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2019b). Comments: Collected from a soil mixture beneath plants: Origanum vulgare (Lamiaceae), Fraxinus excelsior (Oleaceae), Cynodon dactylon (Poaceae), Berberis integerrima (Berberidaceae) and Trifolium sp. (Fabaceae) (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2019b). Subfamily Eunotinae Ashmead, 1904 Genus Eunotus Walker, 1834 Eunotus areolatus (Ratzeburg, 1852) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari (Abd-Rabou et al., 2019). General distribution: China, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Netherlands, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Turkey. Eunotus acutus Kurdjumov, 1912 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al., 2010b). General distribution: China, Czech Republic, Germany, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Ukraine, United Kingdom. Eunotus nigriclavis (Förster, 1856) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Northwestern Iran (no specific locality) (Haeselbarth, 1989). General distribution: Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Iran, Italy, Spain, United Kingdom, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Acantholecanium haloxyloni Hall (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Haeselbarth, 1989).

302

Genus Mesopeltita Ghesquière, 1946 Mesopeltita truncatipennis (Waterston, 1917) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Ardabil (Ghahari and Huang, 2012), Guilan (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005). General distribution: Antilles, Brazil, Ghana, India, Iran, Japan, Mauritius, Mexico, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, United States of America, Venezuela. Host records in Iran: Saissetia olea (Olivier) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005), Saissetia sp. (Ghahari and Huang, 2012). Genus Moranila Cameron, 1883 Moranila californica (Howard, 1881) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Davoodi et al., 2004b,c; Ebrahimi, 2014; Amini, 2017), Kermanshah (Jalilvand et al., 2013), Mazandaran (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005, as Moranila comperei (Ashmead, 1904) – misidentification; Abd-Rabou et al., 2005; Baur, 2005; Ghahari et al., 2010a), Tehran (Davoodi et al., 2004a; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Australia, China, Fiji, France, Greece, Guam, Hawaii, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Madeira, Mexico, Micronesia, Netherlands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Spain, United States of America, Western Samoa. Host records in Iran: Saissetia olea (Olivier) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Davoodi et al., 2004a,b,c; Modarres Awal, 2012; Ebrahimi, 2014; Amini, 2017), Ceroplastes floeidensis Comstock (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Davoodi et al., 2004a,b,c; Modarres Awal, 2012), Pulvinaria vitis (L.) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Vitis vinifera (Vitaceae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005; Ghahari et al., 2010a), Euderomphale chelidonii Erdős (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on Aleyrodes lonicerae Walker (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005, under Moranila comperei), Parthenolecanium sp. (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Prunus persica (Rosaceae) (Jalilvand et al., 2013). Genus Scutellista Motschulsky, 1859 Scutellista caerulea (Fonscolombe, 1832) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a).

Chapter 16

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Distribution in Iran: Fars (Hesami et al., 2008; Sahraeian and Abassi, 2016). General distribution: Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, China, Colombia, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Dominican Republic, Egypt, El Salvador, Eritrea, Ethiopia, France, Georgia, Greece, Hawaii, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Lebanon, Malta, Mexico, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Oman, Peru, Puerto Rico, Senegal, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, United States of America, Venezuela. Host records in Iran: Eulecanium sp. (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Hesami et al., 2008), Saissetia miranda (Cockerell and Parrott) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Sahraeian and Abassi, 2016). Scutellista obscura (Förster, 1878) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Isfahan (Afiunizadeh et al., 2013), Razavi Khorasan (Ghahari et al., 2010a, as Enargopelte obscura Förster, 1878). General distribution: Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Georgia, Germany, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Transcaucasus, Ukraine, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Cotesia plutellae (Kurdjumov) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) (Afiunizadeh et al., 2013). Subfamily Macromesinae Graham, 1959 Genus Macromesus Walker, 1848 Macromesus amphiretus Walker, 1848 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Kermanshah (Ghahari and Huang, 2012), Markazi (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005). General distribution: Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Iran, Italy, Poland, Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Scolytus orientalis (Eggers) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on elm (Ulmus sp. – Ulmaceae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005), Scolytus sp. on Pinus nigra (Pinaceae) (Ghahari and Huang, 2012).

Family Pteromalidae Dalman, 1820

Subfamily Miscogasterinae Walker, 1833 Genus Halticoptera Spinola, 1811 Halticoptera aenea (Walker, 1833) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Shojai, 1968, 1998; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Kerman (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Kordestan (Dehdar and Madjdzadeh, 2013, 2016), Iran (no specific locality) (OILB, 1971; Todorov et al., 2014). General distribution: Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Moldova, Netherlands, Puerto Rico, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Oscinella frit (L.) (Diptera: Chloropidae) on Triticum aestivum (Poaceae) (Shojai, 1968, 1998; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Agromyzidae (Diptera) (OILB, 1971). Plant associations in Iran: Trifolium sp. (Fabaceae) (Dehdar and Madjdzadeh, 2016). Halticoptera andriescui Mitroiu, 2005 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan (Ranji et al., 2016). General distribution: Romania. Host records in Iran: Phytomyza horticola Goureau (as Chromatomyia horticola (Goureau)) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) (Ranji et al., 2016). Halticoptera circulus (Walker, 1833) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008, as Halticoptera circula), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008 – in alfalfa field), Kerman (Mitroiu et al., 2011 – in wheat field), Khuzestan (Moravvej et al., 2018), Kordestan (Dehdar and Madjdzadeh, 2016). General distribution: Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Canada, Chile, China, Czech Republic, Dominican, Ethiopia, France, Germany, Hawaii, Honduras, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Mexico, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Puerto Rico, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America,

303

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

former Yugoslavia (Noyes, 2019), India (Ghahari et al., 2015a). Plant associations in Iran: Medicago sp. (Fabaceae), Prunus persica (Rosaceae) (Dehdar and Madjdzadeh, 2016, as Persica sp.). Halticoptera collaris (Walker, 1836) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Khuzestan (Moravvej et al., 2018). General distribution: Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Lithuania, Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Russia, Sweden, United Kingdom. Halticoptera crius (Walker, 1839) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Ghahari and Huang 2012; Ghahari, 2014). General distribution: China, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Ireland (north and south), Italy, Netherlands, China, Romania, Russia, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom. Halticoptera flavicornis (Spinola, 1808) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Ardabil (Ghahari and Huang, 2012), Golestan (Ghahari, 2004; Modarres Awal, 2012), Mazandaran (Sakenin et al., 2008a; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Netherlands, Romania, Slovakia, Sweden, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Agromyza alni-betula Hendel (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on poplar (Populus sp. – Salicaceae) (Ghahari, 2004; Modarres Awal, 2012) and Agromyza sp. (Ghahari and Huang, 2012). Halticoptera laevigata Thomson, 1876 Catalogues with Iranian records: None (newly recorded from Iran). Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan province, Piranshahr (Shin-Abad), 2♀, ex Rhagoletis cerasi (Linnaeus, 1758) (Diptera: Tephritidae), August 2011. General distribution: Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Czech Republic, Germany, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Netherlands, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom.

304

Halticoptera longipetiolus Hedqvist, 1975 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: Kordestan (Nazemi-Rafie et al., 2011 – in alfalfa field). General distribution: Sweden, Turkey. Halticoptera moczari (Erdős, 1954) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008, as Halticopterina moczari), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh and Mehrvar, 2006; Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008, as Halticopterina moczari – in alfalfa field; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Hungary, Kazakhstan, Romania, Slovakia, Turkey. Halticoptera patellana (Dalman, 1818) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008, as Halticoptera near patellana – in alfalfa field), Guilan (Ghahari et al., 2015a), Khuzestan (Moravvej et al., 2018). General distribution: Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Canary Islands, Chile, China, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hawaii, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Montenegro, Netherlands, Peru, Romania, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America. Halticoptera polita Walker, 1834 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: Khuzestan (Moravvej et al., 2018), Qazvin (Zarnegar et al., 2012), West Azarbaijan (Sadeghi et al., 2012; Sadeghi and Lotfalizadeh, 2013). General distribution: Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Ireland (north and south), Netherlands, Romania, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Phyllonorycter populifoliella (Treitschke) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) (Sadeghi et al., 2012; Sadeghi and Lotfalizadeh, 2013), Rhagoletis flavigenualis Herting (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Juniperus excelsa (Cupressaceae) (Zarnegar et al., 2012).

Chapter 16

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Halticoptera violacea Askew, 1972 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: Hormozgan (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008). General distribution: Netherlands, Russia, Sweden, United Kingdom. Halticoptera yoncacus Doğanlar, 2006 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: Razavi Khorasan (Hasani and Madjdzadeh, 2011a; Hasani et al., 2011; Hasani and Madjdzadeh, 2012, as Halticoptera cf. yoncacus), Kordestan (Dehdar and Madjdzadeh, 2016, as Halticoptera cf. yoncacus). General distribution: Turkey. Plant associations in Iran: Prunus persica (Rosaceae) (Dehdar and Madjdzadeh, 2016, as Persica sp.), swept on Gramineae (Hasani and Madjdzadeh, 2012).

Genus Ksenoplata Bouček, 1965 Ksenoplata quadrata Bouček, 1965 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Hadi et al., 2017), Fars (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2019b). General distribution: Algeria, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Macedonia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Turkey. Plant associations in Iran: Ephedra sp. (Ephedracae) (Hadi et al., 2017), collected from soil beneath Quercus brantii (Fagaceae) (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2019b). Genus Miscogaster Walker, 1833 Miscogaster elegans Walker, 1833 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: Ilam (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008). General distribution: Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Ireland (north and south), Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom.

Family Pteromalidae Dalman, 1820

Miscogaster hortensis Walker, 1833 Catalogues with Iranian records: None (newly recorded from Iran). Distribution in Iran: Golestan province, Ramyan (Laleh-Bagh), 2♀, ex Liriomyza congesta (Becker, 1903) (Diptera: Agromyzidae), September 2016. General distribution: Belgium, Hungary, India, Ireland (north and south), Kazakhstan, Netherlands, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America. Miscogaster maculata Walker, 1833 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Sakenin et al., 2019). General distribution: Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Netherlands, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom. Miscogaster rufipes Walker, 1833 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: Ilam (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008). General distribution: Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Ireland (north and south), Kazakhstan, Moldova, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom. Genus Seladerma Walker, 1834 Seladerma geniculatum (Zetterstedt, 1838) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Sakenin et al., 2019). General distribution: Belgium, Bosnia Hercegovina, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Greenland, Hungary, Iceland, Montenegro, Netherlands, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom. Genus Thektogaster Delucchi, 1955 Thektogaster chrysis (Förster, 1861) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005, as Thektogaster aberlenci Delvare, 1986 – misidentification). General distribution: Austria, Czech Republic, Kazakhstan, Russia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, former Yugoslavia.

305

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Host records in Iran: Hylemyia cilicrura (Rondani) (Diptera: Anthomyidae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005, under Thektogaster aberlenci). Genus Thinodytes Graham, 1956 Thinodytes cyzicus (Walker, 1839) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: Isfahan (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005). General distribution: Bulgaria, Caucasus, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, India, Iraq, Ireland (north and south), Japan, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Romania, Slovakia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Transcaucasus, Turkey, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Liromyza conesta (Becker) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on Apium graveolens (Apiaceae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005). Genus Xestomnaster Delucchi, 1955 Xestomnaster chrysochlorus (Walker, 1846) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Sakenin et al., 2008b), Guilan (Sakenin et al., 2008a). General distribution: Belgium, France, Germany, Ireland (north and south), Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Sweden, United Kingdom. Subfamily Ormocerinae Walker, 1833 Genus Ormocerus Walker, 1834 Ormocerus vernalis Walker, 1834 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Kermanshah (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005; Ghahari et al., 2010a). General distribution: Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Ireland (north and south), Netherlands, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Neuroterus tricolor (Hartig) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005; Ghahari et al., 2010a). Genus Systasis Walker, 1834 Systasis angustula Graham, 1969 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017).

306

Distribution in Iran: Ardabil (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008 – in alfalfa field). General distribution: Bulgaria, China, Hungary, Netherlands, Romania, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom. Systasis annulipes (Walker, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008, as Systasis near annulipes). General distribution: Armenia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Romania, Slovakia, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom. Systasis ephedrae Dzhanokmen, 1982 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: Kordestan (Abolhassanzadeh et al., 2017). General distribution: Georgia, Kazakhstan. Systasis encyrtoides Walker, 1854 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan, Fars, Guilan, Mazandaran, West Azarbaijan (Ghahari, 2014), Golestan (Ghahari et al., 2010b), Kerman (Mitroiu et al., 2011), Kordestan (Dehdar and Madjdzadeh, 2013, 2016), Razavi Khorasan (Hasani and Madjdzadeh, 2012). General distribution: Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Cecidomyidae (Diptera) (Ghahari et al., 2010b). Plant associations in Iran: Mentha longifolia (Lamiaceae) (Mitroiu et al., 2011), Brassica sp. (Brassicaceae) (Dehdar and Madjdzadeh, 2016). Systasis longula Bouček, 1956 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: Kordestan (Dehdar and Madjdzadeh, 2016).

Chapter 16

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

General distribution: China, Czech Republic, Romania. Plant associations in Iran: Malus sp. (Rosaceae) (Dehdar and Madjdzadeh, 2016). Systasis parvula Thomson, 1876 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Ghahari et al., 2010a), Razavi Khorasan (Hasani and Madjdzadeh, 2012). General distribution: Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Czech Republic, Hungary, Iran, Ireland (north and south), Kazakhstan, Netherland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom (Noyes, 2019), India (Ghahari et al., 2015a). Systasis tenuicornis Walker, 1834 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Kordestan (Dehdar and Madjdzadeh, 2016), Mazandaran (Ghahari et al., 2010a). General distribution: Belgium, China, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Kazakhstan,  Romania, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom. Plant associations in Iran: Malus sp., Prunus persica (Rosaceae) (Dehdar and Madjdzadeh, 2016). Subfamily Panstenoninae Erdős, 1955

Gastrancistrus sp. Distribution in Iran: Kordestan (Shojai, 1998). Host records in Iran: Cecidomyia sp. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on Salix sp. (Salicaceae) (Shojai, 1998). Genus Macroglenes Westwood, 1832 Macroglenes varicornis (Haliday, 1833) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Ghahari and Tabari, 2019). General distribution: Belgium, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland (north and south), Montenegro, Netherlands, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom. Genus Spathopus Ashmead, 1904 Spathopus hofferi Bouček, 1964 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Ardabil (Ghahari and Huang, 2012), Mazandaran (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005). General distribution: Former Czechoslovakia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Slovakia, Sweden, former USSR (Central Asia).

Genus Panstenon (Walker, 1839) Panstenon oxylus (Walker, 1839) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Bahri-Motlagh et al., 2012a), Tehran (Ghahari et al., 2010a). General distribution: Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Moldova, Netherlands, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Trachelus tabidus (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) in wheat field (Triticum vulgaris – Poaceae) (Ghahari et al., 2010a).

Subfamily Pteromalinae Dalman, 1820 Genus Ablaxia Delucchi, 1957 Ablaxia anaxenor (Walker, 1845) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Ghahari et al., 2010b), Mazandaran (Sakenin et al., 2008a). General distribution: Croatia, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Sweden, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Scolytus eichhoffi Reitter (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (Ghahari et al., 2010b).

Subfamily Pireninae Haliday, 1844 Genus Gastrancistrus Westwood, 1833 Gastrancistrus ephedrae Dzhanokmen, 1994 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Mahdavi et al., 2015). General distribution: Kazakhstan. Plant associations in Iran: Galls of Ephedra major (Ephedraceae) (Mahdavi et al., 2015).

Family Pteromalidae Dalman, 1820

Ablaxia parviclava (Thomson, 1878) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Northern Khorasan (Ghahari et al., 2010a). General distribution: Czech Republic, France, Hungary, Iran, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, United Kingdom.

307

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Genus Acrocormus Förster, 1856 Acrocormus semifasciatus Thomson, 1878 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Ghahari et al., 2015a). General distribution: Czech Republic, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom. Genus Anisopteromalus Ruschka, 1912 Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard, 1881) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Davatchi and Shojai, 1969, as Anisopteromalus mollis Ruschka, 1912; Shojai, 1998), Bushehr (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998), East Azarbaijan (Ghahari, 2012), Golestan (Shojai, 1968, 1998; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012, as A. mollis; Eyidozehi et al., 2013), Kermanshah (Shahhosseini and Kamali, 1989; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012, as A. mollis), Khorasan (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Akbari Asl et al., 2009), Tehran (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Ghahari, 2014; Kazemi et al., 2010). General distribution: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Bermuda, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Colombia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Guyana, Hawaii, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Korea, Madeira, Malawi, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Morocco, Myanmar, New Zealand, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Seychelles, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America, Venezuela. Host records in Iran: Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) (Davatchi and Shojai, 1969; Haeselbarth, 1989; Shahhosseini and Kamali, 1989; Bouček and Rasplus, 1991; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998; Kazemi et al., 2004, 2008, 2010; Eyidozehi et al., 2013, as Callosobruchus quadrimaculatus (Fabricius)) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998), Scolytus rugulosus (Müller) (as Scolytus mediterraneus

308

(Eggers)) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Callosobruchus chinensis L. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae), Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), Sitphilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (Eyidozehi et al., 2013). Comments: Habibpour et al. (2002) and Moravvej et al. (2018) recorded Anisopteromalus sp. from Khuzestan, and these records could refer to A. calandrae. Genus Anogmus Förster, 1856 Anogmus hohenheimensis (Ratzeburg, 1844) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Zanjan (Abd-Rabou et al., 2019). General distribution: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, former USSR. Anogmus laricis (Bouček, 1966) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (BahriMotlagh et al., 2012b – in alfalfa field). General distribution: Austria, Italy, Netherlands, Poland. Genus Apsilocera Bouček, 1956 Apsilocera bramleyi Graham, 1966 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Kordestan (Ghahari and Huang, 2012). General distribution: France, Germany, Iran, Serbia, Sweden, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Galls of Cecidomyia sp. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) (Ghahari and Huang, 2012). Genus Arthrolytus Thomson, 1878 Arthrolytus discoideus (Nees, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Catalogues with Iranian records: East Azarbaijan (Sakenin et al., 2019). General distribution: Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Romania, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom.

Chapter 16

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Arthrolytus ocellus (Walker, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: Ilam (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008). General distribution: Andorra, Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Moldova, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Gall of Dryocosmus israeli (Sternlicht) (as Chilaspis israeli Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Quercus sp. (Fagaceae) (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008). Genus Bairamlia Waterston, 1929 Bairamlia fuscipes Waterston, 1929 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Sakenin et al., 2008a), Northern Khorasan (Sakenin et al., 2008b). General distribution: Czech Republic, France, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom. Genus Caenacis Förster, 1856 Caenacis inflexa (Ratzeburg, 1848) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2006, 2012; Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008), Hamadan (Ghahari et al., 2010a), Kerman (Mahdavi et al., 2015), Iran (no specific locality) (Askew et al., 2006; Todorov, 2011). General distribution: Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Netherlands, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Galls of Diplolepis ?nervosa (Curtis) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Rosa damascena (Rosaceae) (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2006), Diplolepis mayri (Schlechtendal) (Askew et al., 2006), Diplolepis rosae (L.) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Rosa beggeriana (Ghahari et al., 2010a), Diplolepis fructuum Rübsaamen (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012; Mahdavi et al., 2015). Caenacis lauta (Walker, 1835) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Sakenin et al., 2008b), Kermanshah (Ghahari and Huang, 2012).

Family Pteromalidae Dalman, 1820

General distribution: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Moldova, Netherlands, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Galls of Andricus grossulariae Giraud (as Cynips panteli (Kieffer)) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Quercus sp. (Fagaceae) (Ghahari and Huang, 2012). Genus Caenocrepis Thomson, 1878 Caenocrepis arenicola (Thomson, 1878) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Shojaey et al., 2019 on Medicago sativa – Fabaceae), Mazandaran (Ghahari, 2019). General distribution: Austria, Azerbaijan, Caucasus, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Montenegro, Morocco, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Transcaucasus, Turkey, former USSR. Caenocrepis bothynoderi Gromakov, 1940 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Qazvin (Huber and Vayssieres, 1990). General distribution: Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Egg parasitoid of Pachycerus cordiger (Germar) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (Huber and Vayssieres, 1990). Genus Callitula Spinola, 1811 Callitula angioneurae Bouček, 1970 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Ghahari et al., 2010a). General distribution: Czech Republic, former Czechoslovakia, Iran, Sweden. Callitula bicolor Spinola, 1811 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Kordestan (Dehdar and Madjdzadeh, 2013, 2016).

309

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

General distribution: Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Kazakhstan, Macedonia, Madeira, Moldova, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former Yugoslavia. Plant associations in Iran: Graminae, Malus sp. (Rosaceae) (Dehdar and Madjdzadeh, 2016). Callitula ferrierei (Bouček, 1964) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Bayegan et al., 2014; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2016 – in rice field). General distribution: Bulgaria, China, Czech Republic, Germany, Iran, Moldova, Netherlands, Romania, Slovakia, Sweden, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Genus Capellia Delucchi, 1958 Capellia cecidomyiae (Ratzeburg, 1844) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Sakenin et al., 2008b), Razavi Khorasan (Ghahari et al., 2010b, as Capellia stigma Bouček, 1970 – misidentification), West Azarbaijan (Ghahari and Huang, 2012). General distribution: Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Iran, Japan, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Galls of Cecidomyia testacea Walker (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) (Ghahari et al., 2010b, under Capellia stigma), galls of Cecidomyia pini (De Geer) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on Pinus sp. (Pinaceae) (Ghahari and Huang, 2012). Genus Catolaccus Thomson, 1878 Catolaccus ater (Ratzeburg, 1852) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: Ilam (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008), Mazandaran (Ghahari, 2012). General distribution: Armenia, Austria, Central Asia, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Siberia,

310

Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Plant associations in Iran: Carthamus oxycantha (Asteraceae) (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008). Catolaccus crassiceps (Masi, 1911) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Ardabil (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008), East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008; Ghahari, 2014), Fars (Lotfalizadeh, 2000; Lotfalizadeh and Ahmadi, 2000; Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008; Ghahari, 2014), Isfahan (Ghahari, 2012, under the family Eulophidae), Kordestan (Dehdar and Madjdzadeh, 2013, 2016), Razavi Khorasan (Hasani and Madjdzadeh, 2012). General distribution: Croatia, Hungary, India, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Macedonia, Morocco, Pakistan, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Uzbekistan. Host records in Iran: Chrysoperla carnea (Stephans) and Suarius fedschenkoi (Mclachlan) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) (Lotfalizadeh, 2000; Lotfalizadeh and Ahmadi, 2000; Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008), galls of Diplolepis fructuum (Rubsaamen) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Rosa canina (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008). Plant associations in Iran: Anthemis sp. (Asteraceae) (Dehdar and Madjdzadeh, 2016). Genus Cecidostiba Thomson, 1878 Cecidostiba fungosa (Geoffroy, 1785) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: Fars, Khuzestan (Golestaneh et al., 2008), Kordestan (Nazemi-Rafie et al., 2007), Lorestan (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008), West Azarbaijan (Modarres Awal, 2012), Iran (no specific locality) (Tavakoli et al., 2010). General distribution: Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Galls of Andricus tomentosus (Trotter) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Quercus

Chapter 16

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

infectoria (Fagaceae), Andricus cecconii Kieffer on Quercus brantii, Andricus grossulariae Giraud on Quercus brantii and Quercus infectoria, Andricus caputmedusae (Hartig) on Quercus infectoria, Andricus megalucidus Melika, Stone, Sadeghi and Pujade-Villar on Quercus infectoria, Andricus multiplicatus Giraud on Quercus brantii, Andricus lucidus (Hartig) on Quercus infectoria (NazemiRafie et al., 2007), Dryocosmus israeli (Sternlicht) (as Chilaspis israeli Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Quercus brantii (Nazemi-Rafie et al., 2007; Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008), Neuroterus saliens (Kollar) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Quercus brantii (Golestaneh et al., 2008), Andricus multiplicatus (Modarres Awal, 2012). Cecidostiba semifascia (Walker, 1835) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Iran (no specific locality) (Tavakoli et al., 2010). General distribution: Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) on Quercus sp. (Fagaceae) (Tavakoli et al., 2010). Genus Cheiropachus Westwood, 1829 Cheiropachus quadrum (Fabricius, 1787) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh and Khalghani, 2008; Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008, on dead wood of apple tree), Golestan (Ghahari, 2004; Modarres Awal, 2012), Kerman (Mitroiu et al., 2011 – in wheat field), Kordestan (Ghahari and Huang, 2012), Mazandaran (Ghahari, 2004; Modarres Awal, 2012), western and northwestern Iran (Sakenin et al., 2011), northern forests of Iran (Amini et al., 2016). General distribution: Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Iran (Noyes, 2019); India (Ghahari et al., 2015a), Host records in Iran: Scolytus rugulosus (Müller) (as Ruguloscolytus mediterraneus (Eggers)) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Prunus persica (= Persica vulgaris) (Rosaceae) (Ghahari, 2004; Ghahari and Huang, 2012; Modarres Awal, 2012), Scolytus rugulosus (Amini et al., 2016).

Family Pteromalidae Dalman, 1820

Genus Chlorocytus Graham, 1956 Chlorocytus breviscapus Graham, 1965 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Ghahari, 2014). General distribution: Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom. Chlorocytus diversus (Walker, 1836) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: Ardabil, Tehran (Ghahari, 2014), Kerman (Mehrnejad, 2009; Mehrnejad and Basirat, 2009). General distribution: Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Ireland (north and south), Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Netherlands, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Kermania pistaciella Amsel (Lepidoptera: Tineidae) (Mehrnejad, 2008; Mehrnejad and Basirat, 2009). Chlorocytus spicatus (Walker, 1835) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: Ilam (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008), Khuzestan (Moravvej et al., 2018), West Azarbaijan (Ghahari, 2014). General distribution: Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, China, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Plant associations in Iran: Safflower field, Carthamus tinctorius (Asteraceae) (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008). Chlorocytus spp. Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan, Ilam (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008). Genus Coelopisthia Förster, 1856 Coelopisthia extenta (Walker, 1835) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: Khuzestan (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Monajemi, 1975; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012, all as Dibrachoides druso (Walker, 1839); Moravvej et al., 2016, 2018), Tehran (Ghahari et al., 2010b).

311

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

General distribution: Azerbaijan, Belgium, Czech Republic, England, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Scotland, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Transcaucasus, Ukraine, United States of America, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Monajemi, 1975; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Khanjani, 2006; Moravvej et al., 2016, all as Hypera variabilis (Herbst)), Pandemis chondrillana (Herrich-Schaffer) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (Ghahari et al., 2010b). Coelopisthia pachycera Masi, 1924 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan (Akbarzadeh Shoukat et al., 2015). General distribution: Albania, Belgium, Croatia, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Transcaucasus, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Lobesia botrana (Denis and Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (Akbarzadeh Shoukat et al., 2015). Genus Conomorium Masi, 1924 Conomorium amplum (Walker, 1835) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2016), Kordestan (Nazemi-Rafi et al., 2011, misspelled as C. ampulum; Alipanah et al., 2013). General distribution: Belgium, China, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Madeira, Netherlands, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Uzbekistan. Plant associations in Iran: Alfalfa field (NazemiRafi et al., 2011), rice field (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2016). Conomorium patulum (Walker, 1835) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Nikdel et al., 2004, 2007, 2008), Isfahan, Kerman (Ghahari et al., 2010a), northern Iran (Haeselbarth, 1989).

312

General distribution: Armenia, Caucasus, Croatia, Czech Republic, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Macedonia, Moldova, Morocco, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Euproctis sp. (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) (Haeselbarth, 1989), Euproctis chrysorrhoea (L.) (Nikdel et al., 2007, 2008), Thaumetopoea sp. and Thaumetopoea solitaria iranica (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae) on pistachio tree (Pistacia vera, Anacardiaceae) (Ghahari et al., 2010a). Conomorium spp. Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008), Khuzestan (Cheraghi and Esfandiari, 2018). Host records in Iran: Sesamia cretica Lederer (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (Cheraghi and Esfandiari, 2018). Comments: Cheraghi and Esfandiari (2018) stated that Conomorium sp. is probably a new species. Genus Coruna Walker, 1833 Coruna clavata Walker, 1833 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005). General distribution: Belgium, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, South Korea, Sweden,  Scotland, United States of America, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005). Coruna sp. Distribution in Iran: Ardabil (Lotfalizadeh, 2002a). Host records in Iran: Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Lotfalizadeh, 2002a). Genus Cyrtogaster Walker, 1833 Cyrtogaster britteni Askew, 1965 Catalogues with Iranian records: None.

Chapter 16

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Distribution in Iran: Khuzestan (Moravvej et al., 2018). General distribution: Canada, Sweden, United Kingdom. Cyrtogaster clavicornis Walker, 1833 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Modarres Awal, 2012), Mazandaran (Ghahari, 2004; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Algeria, Belgium, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, England, Germany, India, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Netherlands, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Rhagoletis cerasi (L.) (Diptera: Tephritidae) on cherry (Ghahari, 2004; Modarres Awal, 2012). Cyrtogaster vulgaris Walker, 1833 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Davatchi and Shojai, 1969), Ardabil, East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008), Golestan (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998), Khuzestan (Moravvej et al., 2018), Kordestan (Dehdar and Madjdzadeh, 2013, 2016), Razavi Khorasan (Hasani and Madjdzadeh, 2012), Semnan (Sakenin et al., 2008a), Iran (no specific locality) (OILB, 1971). General distribution: Austria, Azerbaijan, Azores, Belgium, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Madeira, Moldova, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Transcaucasus, Turkey, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Oscinella frit (L.) (Diptera: Chloropidae) on Triticum vulgare (Poaceae) (Davatchi and Shojai, 1969; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998), Liriomyza sativae (Blanchard), Phytomyza horticola Goureau (as Chromatomyia horticola (Goureau)) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008). Plant associations in Iran: Alfalfa field (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008), Anthemis sp. (Asteraceae) (Dehdar and Madjdzadeh, 2016). Genus Cyrtoptyx Delucchi, 1956 Cyrtoptyx latipes (Rondani, 1874) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019).

Family Pteromalidae Dalman, 1820

Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Ghahari, 2004; Sakenin et al., 2008a; Ghahari et al., 2010b; Modarres Awal, 2012), Kerman (Mehrnejad, 2008; Mehrnejad and Basirat, 2009; Mitroiu et al., 2011), Mazandaran (Ghahari, 2004; Modarres Awal, 2012), Qazvin (Keyhanian, 2013), Razavi Khorasan (Hasani and Madjdzadeh, 2012). General distribution: Azerbaijan, China, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, Eritrea, Greece, India, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Libya, Pakistan, Spain, Syria, Transcaucasus, Turkey, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Dacus ciliatus Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae) on pumpkin (Ghahari, 2004; Modarres Awal, 2012), Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (as Dacus zonatus (Saunders)) (Ghahari et al., 2010b), Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae) (Keyhanian, 2013), Kermania pistaciella Amsel (Lepidoptera: Tineidae) (Mehrnejad, 2008; Mehrnejad and Basirat, 2009). Cyrtoptyx lichtensteini (Masi, 1922) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh and Hosseini, 2014), Southern Khorasan (Amini et al., 2014). General distribution: China, France, Iran, Kazakhstan, Morocco, Puerto Rico, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Etiella zinckenella (Treitschke) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on Sophora alopecuroides L. (Fabaceae) (Lotfalizadeh and Hosseini, 2014), Carpomya vesuviana Costa (Diptera: Tephritidae) (Amini et al., 2014). Cyrtoptyx pistaciae (Nikol’skaya, 1935) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan, Fars, Khorasan, Markazi, Semnan, Teharn, Zanjan (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Kerman (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Lorestan (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008), Qazvin (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008), Iran (no specific locality) (Jalilvand and Gholipour, 2002). General distribution: Armenia, Iran, Kirgizia, Russia, Turkmenistan, Ukraine. Host records in Iran: Megastigmus pistaciae Walker (Megastigmidae) on pistachio (Farahbakhsh, 1961; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012).

313

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Plant associations in Iran: Pistacia vera and Pistacia khinjuk (Anacardiaceae) (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008). Cyrtoptyx robustus (Masi, 1907) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Ghahari et al., 2010a), Golestan (Ghahari, 2004; Modarres Awal, 2012), Mazandaran, West Azarbaijan (Modarres Awal, 2012), Iran (no specific locality) (Tavakoli et al., 2010). General distribution: Croatia, Iran, Italy, Spain, Turkey. Host records in Iran: Andricus aries (Giraud), Andricus megalucidus Melika, Stone, Sadeghi and PujadeVillar (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) (Modarres Awal, 2012), Andricus caputmedusae (Hartig) on oak tree (Quercus sp.) (Ghahari, 2004; Modarres Awal, 2012), Adleria sp. (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on oak tree (Ghahari et al., 2010a).

Genus Dibrachoides Kurdjumov, 1913 Dibrachoides dynastes (Förster, 1841) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Ghahari and Huang, 2012), Kordestan (Dehdar and Madjdzadeh, 2013, 2016), Golestan (Ghahari 2004; Modarres Awal, 2012), Mazandaran (Ghahari, 2004; Abd-Rabou et al., 2005; Sakenin et al., 2008a; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Belgium, Canada, Caucasus, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Macedonia, Moldova, Morocco, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Transcaucasus, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on lucerne (Ghahari, 2004), Hypera sp. (Ghahari and Huang, 2012). Plant associations in Iran: Trifolium sp. (Fabaceae) (Dehdar and Madjdzadeh, 2016). Comments: Modarres Awal (2012) erroneously stated that D. dynastes was recorded by Ghahari (2004) as a hyperparasitoid of Aphidius ervi (Haliday) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Acyrthosiphon pisum (Hemiptera: Aphididae).

314

Genus Dibrachys Förster, 1856 Dibrachys affinis Masi, 1907 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Isfahan (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005), Tehran (Ghahari et al., 2010a). General distribution: Algeria, Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on apple tree (Malus orientalis) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005; Ghahari et al., 2010a). Dibrachys lignicola Graham, 1969 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Ziaaddini et al., 2014). General distribution: Algeria, France, Germany, Italy, Morocco, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States of America, former Yugoslavia. Dibrachys microgastri (Bouché, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008, as Dibrachys boarmiae (Walker, 1863)), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Shojai, 1998, as Dibrachys boarmiae (Walker, 1863)), East Azarbaijan (Rowshandel et al., 1998; Mashhadi-Jafarloo and Talebi-Chaichi, 2002, 2003; Modarres Awal, 2012, all as D. boarmiae; Ghahari et al., 2010c, as Dibrachys cavus (Walker, 1835)), Fars (Haeselbarth, 1989, as D. cavus), Guilan (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012, as D. boarmiae; Peters and Baur, 2011), Kerman (Jafari Nodooshan and Shaigan, 1993; Jafari Nodooshan et al., 1995; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012, as D. cavus; Mehrnejad, 2002, 2003; Mehrnejad and Basirat, 2009; Mitroiu et al., 2011, as D. boarmiae; Peters and Baur, 2011), Razavi Khorasan (Shojai et al., 2000, 2002; Hasani and Madjdzadeh, 2011b; Hasani and Madjdzadeh, 2012, as D. boarmiae), Sistan & Baluchestan (Peters and Baur, 2011), Tehran (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012, as

Chapter 16

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

D. boarmiae), West Azarbaijan (Shojai et al., 2000, 2002), Yazd (Jafari Nodooshan et al., 2012, as D. cavus), Iran (no specific locality) (Goldansaz et al., 1996, as D. boarmiae). General distribution: Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia Hercegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Iran, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Mexico, Moldova, Morocco, Netherlands, Pakistan, China, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Leucoma wiltshirei Collen (Lepidoptera: Lymanteriidae) on Quercus persica (Fagaceae) (Haeselbarth, 1989), Achroia grisella (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) (Goldansaz et al., 1996; Modarres Awal, 2012), Euzophera bigella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Yponomeuta padella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998), Yponomeuta malinellus (Zeller) (Shojai et al., 2002), Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Rowshandel et al., 1998, Shojai, 1998; Shojai et al., 2000, 2002; Mashhadi-Jafarloo and Talebi-Chaichi, 2002, 2003), Kermania pistaciella Amsel (Lepidoptera: Tineidae) (Jafari Nodooshan and Shaigan, 1993; Jafari Nodooshan et al., 1995, 2012; Mehrnejad, 2002, 2003; Mehrnejad and Basirat, 2009; Peters and Baur, 2011; Modarres Awal, 2012), Galleria mellonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Cacoecia sp. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (Peters and Baur, 2011). Dibrachys spp. Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Davatchi and Shojai, 1969; Shojai 1998), East Azarbaijan (Modarres Awal, 1997, as Dibrachys sp. prob. cavus Walker), Lorestan (Pirhadi et al., 2008), Razavi Khorasan, West Azarbaijan (Shojai et al., 2002). Host records in Iran: Didesmococcus unifasciatus Archangelskaja (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Modarres Awal, 1997), Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on apple tree (Malus communis, Rosaceae) (Shojai, 1998; Shojai et al., 2002), Syringopais temperatella (Lederer) (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae) (Pirhadi et al., 2008).

Family Pteromalidae Dalman, 1820

Genus Diglochis Förster, 1856 Diglochis sylvicola (Walker, 1835) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Isfahan (Sakenin et al., 2008b), Kordestan (Ghahari and Huang, 2012). General distribution: Belgium, Bosnia Hercegovina, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Ireland (north and south), Kazakhstan, Netherlands, Russia. Host records in Iran: Tabanus sp. (Diptera: Tabanidae) (Ghahari and Huang, 2012). Genus Dinarmoides Masi, 1924 Dinarmoides spilopterus Masi, 1924 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Tehran (Sakenin et al., 2019). General distribution: Croatia, Czech Republic, Italy, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkmenistan, Yemen.

Genus Dinarmus Thomson, 1878 Dinarmus acutus (Thomson, 1878) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Mitroiu et al., 2011, in Amygdalus communis orchard), Razavi Khorasan (Ghahari et al., 2010a). General distribution: Algeria, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Caucasus, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Gambia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast, Kazakhstan, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Slovakia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Transcaucasus, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Bruchus sp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on pea (Pisum sativum – Fabaceae) (Ghahari et al., 2010a). Dinarmus basalis (Rondani, 1877) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Khuzestan (Freeman, 1958; Shahhosseini and Kamali, 1989; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012, as Bruchobius laticeps Ashmead, 1904; Moravvej et al., 2016, 2018), Razavi

315

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Khorasan (Hasani and Madjdzadeh, 2011a, 2012; Hasani et al., 2011). General distribution: Algeria, Bangladesh, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Caucasus, Colombia, Egypt, Fiji, France, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Madagascar, Mauritius, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, Russia, Senegal, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Thailand, Togo, Ukraine, United States of America, Venezuela, West Africa. Host records in Iran: Parasitoid of some beetles (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012). Dinarmus italicus (Masi, 1922) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Ghahari, 2014). General distribution: Algeria, Croatia, France, Italy, Kazakhstan, Spain, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan.

General distribution: Argentina, Belarus, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Moldova, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden,Transcaucasus,Tunisia,Turkmenistan, United Kingdom, United States of America, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Scolytus rugulosus (Müller) (as Scolytus mediterraneus (Eggers)) and Phloeosinus bicolor Brullé (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (Davatchi and Shojai, 1969; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998), Scolytus multistriatus (Marsham) (Shojai et al., 2001). Plant associations in Iran: Apple, apricot, cherry, peach, plum (Modarres Awal, 1997).

Dinarmus vagabundus (Timberlake, 1926) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: Hamadan (Eslami, 1998). General distribution: Barbados, France, Hawaii, India, Jamaica, Madagascar, Pakistan, Puerto Rico, Sri Lanka, Vietnam. Host records in Iran: Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius), Callosobruchus chinensis L. and Callosobruchus analis (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) (Eslami, 1998).

Dinotiscus eupterus (Walker, 1836) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Ghahari et al., 2015a). General distribution: Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia Hercegovina, Canada, China, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Japan, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Montenegro, Norway, New Zealand, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Scolytus scolytus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (Ghahari et al., 2015a).

Genus Dinotiscus Ghesquière, 1946

Genus Erdoesina Graham, 1957

Dinotiscus colon (Linnaeus, 1758) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Davatchi and Shojai, 1969; Shojai, 1998; Shojai et al., 2001, both as Cheiropachus colon L.), Ardabil (Davatchi and Shojai, 1969; Radjabi, 1991; Shojai, 1998, as C. colon; Lotfalizadeh and Khalghani, 2008), East Azarbaijan (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012, as C. colon), Fars, Hamadan, Isfahan, Lorestan, Markazi, Tehran, Zanjan (Davatchi and Shojai, 1969; Radjabi, 1991; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012, as C. colon; Lotfalizadeh and Khalghani, 2008), Guilan (Shojai et al., 2001, as C. colon), Kermanshah, Kordestan (Davatchi and Shojai, 1969, as C. colon; Radjabi, 1991; Lotfalizadeh and Khalghani, 2008).

Erdoesina alboannulata (Ratzeburg, 1852) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008). General distribution: Azerbaijan, Czech Republic, Germany, Iran, Kazakhstan, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Turkey, Uzbekistan.

316

Genus Euneura Walker, 1844 Euneura lachni (Ashmead, 1887) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Shojai, 1998, as Euneura laeviuscula Graham, 1969), Golestan

Chapter 16

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

(Sakenin et al., 2008b, as Euneura saetosa (Delucchi, 1955) – misidentification; Modarres Awal, 2012), Isfahan (Ghahari, 2014), Mazandaran (Ghahari, 2004; Sakenin et al., 2008a, as E. saetosa – misidentification; Modarres Awal, 2012), Tehran (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012, as E. laeviuscula), West Azarbaijan (Ghahari and Huang, 2012), Iran (no specific locality) (OILB, 1971; Rakhshani et al., 2005). General distribution: Canada, China, Czech Republic, Germany, India, Iran, Italy, Japan, Kirgizia, Netherlands, Pakistan, Russia, South Korea, Sweden, Turkey, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Aphididae (Hemiptera) (OILB, 1971), Aphidius ervi Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) as a parasitoid of Acyrtosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on bean (Ghahari, 2004; Ghahari and Huang, 2012; Modarres Awal, 2012), Pterochlorus persicae (Cholodkovsky) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Prunus persica (= Persica vulgaris) and Tuberolachnus salignus (Gmelin) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Salix sp. (Salicaceae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012, Shojai, 1998), Pauesia antennata (Mukerji) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitoid of Pterochlorus persicae (Cholodkovsky) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Rakhshani et al., 2005). Genus Eurydinota Förster, 1878 Eurydinota leptomera Förster, 1878 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan (Ghahari and Huang, 2012), western and northwestern Iran (no specific locality) (Sakenin et al., 2011). General distribution: Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Iran, Italy, Romania, Slovakia, Sweden, former Yugoslavia. Genus Gastracanthus Westwood, 1833 Gastracanthus pulcherrimus Westwood, 1833 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005; Ghahari and Huang, 2012). General distribution: Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Moldova, Netherlands, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom.

Family Pteromalidae Dalman, 1820

Host records in Iran: Sphenoptera sp. (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005; Ghahari and Huang, 2012). Gastracanthus sp. Distribution in Iran: Kordestan (Shojai, 1998). Host records in Iran: Cecidomyia sp. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on Salix sp. (Salicaceae) (Shojai, 1998). Genus Goidanichium Bouček, 1970 Goidanichium atrum Bouček, 1970 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005). General distribution: Italy, Turkey. Host records in Iran: Pseudococcus adonfdum L. (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on begonia (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005). Genus Gugolzia Delucchi and Steffan, 1956 Gugolzia bademia Doğanlar, 2004 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2008). General distribution: Turkey. Host records in Iran: Eurytoma amygdali Enderlein (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) on Amygdalus comminus (Rosaceae) (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2008). Gugolzia harmolitae Delucchi and Steffan, 1956 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: Ardabil (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008), Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari, Khuzestan (Ghahari et al., 2010b). General distribution: France, Turkey. Host records in Iran: Tetramesa eximia (Giraud), Tetramesa hordei (Harris) (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) (Ghahari et al., 2010b). Genus Gyrinophagus Ruschka, 1914 Gyrinophagus aper (Walker, 1839) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a).

317

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Sakenin et al., 2008a). General distribution: Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Sweden, United Kingdom. Gyrinophagus luteipes Ruschka, 1914 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Sakenin et al., 2008a), West Azarbaijan (Sakenin et al., 2008b). General distribution: Germany, Sweden. Genus Habritys Thomson, 1878 Habritys brevicornis (Ratzeburg, 1844) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan, West Azarbaijan (Hassan-Pashai-Mehr and Lotfalizadeh, 2015), Northern Khorasan (Sakenin et al., 2008b). General distribution: Belgium, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Netherlands, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States of America, former Yugoslavia. Genus Hemitrichus Thomson, 1878 Hemitrichus seniculus (Nees, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Khuzestan (Sakenin et al., 2019). General distribution: Austria, Belgium, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States of America. Genus Hobbya Delucchi, 1957 Hobbya stenonota (Ratzeburg, 1848) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012), Iran (no specific locality) (Askew et al., 2006; Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008; Tavakoli et al., 2010). General distribution: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom.

318

Host records in Iran: Galls of Diplolepis mayri (Schlechtendal) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Quercus sp. (Fagaceae) (Askew et al., 2006; Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008), Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) on Quercus sp. (Fagaceae) (Tavakoli et al., 2010), galls of Diplolepis fructuum Rübsaamen (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012). Genus Holcaeus Thomson, 1878 Holcaeus calligetus (Walker, 1839) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: Iran (no specific locality) (Khanjani, 2006). General distribution: Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Moldova, Netherlands, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Bathyplectes anurus (Thomson) and Bathyplectes curculionis (Thompson) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) (Khanjani, 2006). Genus Homoporus Thomson, 1878 Homoporus apharetus (Walker, 1839) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Bushehr (Sakenin et al., 2019). General distribution: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Moldova, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom. Homoporus destructor (Say, 1817) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Ghahari and Tabari, 2019). General distribution: Bulgaria, Canada, China, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Moldova, Morocco, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Tunisia, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR. Homoporus fulviventris (Walker, 1835) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Ardabil (Ghahari and Huang, 2012), Kerman (Mitroiu et al., 2011), Kordestan (Dehdar and Madjdzadeh, 2016), western and northwestern Iran (no specific locality) (Sakenin et al., 2011). General distribution: Belgium, Bosnia Herzegovina, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany,

Chapter 16

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Hungary, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Madeira, Moldova, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Transcaucasus, Turkey, United Kingdom. Plant association in Iran: Grass (Poaceae) (Dehdar and Madjdzadeh, 2016). Homoporus luniger (Nees, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Fars (Abd-Rabou et al., 2019). General distribution: Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Transcaucasus, Ukraine, United Kingdom. Homoporus semiluteus (Walker, 1872) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Razavi Khorasan (Hasani and Madjdzadeh, 2011b, 2012; Hasani et al., 2011). General distribution: Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Moldova, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom. Homoporus subniger (Walker, 1835) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Ardabil, Mazandaran (Ghahari, 2014), East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh, 2015), West Azarbaijan (Ghahari and Huang, 2012). General distribution: Austria, China, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Homoporus sp. Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan (Akbarzadeh Shoukat et al., 2008). Host records in Iran: Lobesia botrana (Denis and Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in vineyard (Akbarzadeh Shoukat et al., 2008).

Distribution in Iran: Northern Khorasan (Rahmani et al., 2019b, on Medicago sativa – Fabaceae). General distribution: Azerbaijan, Bosnia Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Montenegro, Morocco, Serbia, Slovakia (Noyes, 2019); Iran (Rahmani et al., 2019b), Romania (Mitroiu, 2011), Uzbekistan (Dzhanokmen, 2017b). Genus Lariophagus Crawford, 1909 Lariophagus distinguendus (Förster, 1841) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Shahhosseini and Kamali, 1989; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012, under Chalcididae), Tehran (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012, under Chalcididae), Mazandaran (Sakenin et al., 2008a). General distribution: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Egypt, Germany, Hong Kong, Hungary, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Madeira, Mexico, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Sitophilus granarius (L.), and Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (Shahhosseini and Kamali, 1989; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012). Genus Meraporus Walker, 1834 Meraporus graminicola Walker, 1834 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Sakenin et al., 2008b). General distribution: Balearics, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Faeroe Islands, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Moldova, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Transcaucasus, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Genus Merisus Walker, 1834

Genus Ischyroptyx Delucchi, 1956 Ischyroptyx ligusticus (Masi, 1922) Catalogues with Iranian records: None.

Family Pteromalidae Dalman, 1820

Merisus splendidus Walker, 1834 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Noyes (2019).

319

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Distribution in Iran: Kordestan (Ghahari and Huang, 2012), western and northwestern Iran (Sakenin et al., 2011). General distribution: Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Tetramesa sp. (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) (Ghahari and Huang, 2012). Genus Mesopolobus Westwood, 1833 Mesopolobus aequus (Walker, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). General distribution: Razavi Khorasan (Ghahari et al., 2015a). General distribution: Belgium, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Madeira, Moldova, Netherlands, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America, former Yugoslavia. Mesopolobus albitarsus (Walker, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Iran (no specific locality) (Tavakoli et al., 2010). General distribution: China, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Romania, Slovakia, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) on Quercus sp. (Fagaceae) (Tavakoli et al., 2010). Mesopolobus amaenus (Walker, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Haeselbrath, 1989), Golestan (Ghahari, 2014), Iran (no specific locality) (Askew et al., 2006; Tavakoli et al., 2010). General distribution: Austria, Belgium, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Ireland (north and south), Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Tonga, Ukraine, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Leucoma wiltshirei Collenette (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) on Quercus persica (Fagaceae) (Haeselbrath, 1989), rose gall wasp, Diplolepis mayri (Schlechtendal) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) (Askew et al., 2006), Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) on Quercus sp. (Fagaceae) (Tavakoli et al., 2010).

320

Mesopolobus deserti Dzhanokmen, 1994 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Razavi Khorasan (Hasani and Madjdzadeh, 2011b, 2012; Hasani et al., 2011). General distribution: Iran, Kazakhstan. Mesopolobus diffinis (Walker, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Ghahari et al., 2015a). General distribution: Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Turkmenistan, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Mesopolobus fasciiventris Westwood, 1833 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Mahdavi and Madjdzadeh, 2013), Iran (no specific locality) (Tavakoli et al., 2010). General distribution: Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Leaf-galls (Cynipidae) on Salix alba L. (Salicaceae) (Mahdavi and Madjdzadeh, 2013), Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) on Quercus sp. (Fagaceae) (Tavakoli et al., 2010). Mesopolobus graminum (Hardh, 1950) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Ghahari, 2019). General distribution: Bulgaria, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Kazakhstan, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom, former USSR. Mesopolobus incultus (Walker, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: Kermanshah (Ghahari et al., 2015a). General distribution: Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom. Mesopolobus juniperinus Rosen, 1958 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a).

Chapter 16

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Ghahari, 2014). General distribution: Denmark, Kazakhstan, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom. Mesopolobus laticornis (Walker, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: Kordestan (Ghahari et al., 2015a). General distribution: Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Ireland (north and south), Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Mesopolobus mediterraneus (Mayr, 1903) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Sakenin et al., 2008b), Mazandaran (Sakenin et al., 2008a). General distribution: Bosnia Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, France, Germany, Isle of Man (British Isles), Italy, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Mesopolobus morys (Walker, 1848) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: Khuzestan (Ghahari et al., 2010b). General distribution: Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Ceutorrhynchus assimilis (Paykull) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (Ghahari et al., 2010b). Mesopolobus nobilis (Walker, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Ghahari et al., 2015a). General distribution: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland (north and south), Kazakhstan, Moldova, Netherlands, New Zealand, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America. Mesopolobus sericeus (Förster, 1770) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Mahdavi et al., 2015), Mazandaran (Ghahari et al., 2010b, as

Family Pteromalidae Dalman, 1820

Mesopolobus jucundus), Razavi Khorasan (Hasani and Madjdzadeh, 2011b; Hasani and Madjdzadeh, 2012, on Tamarix sp.), West Azarbaijan (Modarres Awal, 2012), Zanjan (Ghahari et al., 2010a, as M. jucundus), Iran (no specific locality) (Tavakoli et al., 2010). General distribution: Belgium, Croatia, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Netherlands, Romania, Spain. Host records in Iran: Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) on Quercus sp. (Fagaceae) (Tavakoli et al., 2010), Diplolepis mayri (Schlechtendal) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Rosa canina (Rosaceae) (Ghahari et al., 2010a,b), Andricus megalucidus Melika, Stone, Sadeghi and Pujade-Villar (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) (Modarres Awal, 2012), Diplolepis fructuum Rübsaamen on Rosa beggeriana (Mahdavi et al., 2015). Mesopolobus subfumatus (Ratzeburg, 1852) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: Semnan (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005). General distribution: Austria, Canada, China, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Japan, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Siberia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom. Mesopolobus teliformis (Walker, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: Northern Khorasan (Ghahari et al., 2015a). General distribution: Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Netherlands, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom. Mesopolobus tibialis (Westwood, 1833) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Iran (no specific locality) (Tavakoli et al., 2010). General distribution: Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canary Islands, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Syria, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) on Quercus sp. (Fagaceae) (Tavakoli et al., 2010).

321

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Mesopolobus typographi (Ruschka, 1924) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: Razavi Khorasan (Ghahari et al., 2015a). General distribution: Afghanistan, Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Norway, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom. Mesopolobus xanthocerus (Thomson, 1878) Catalogues with Iranian records: Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: Hamadan (Sakenin et al., 2019), Kordestan (Dehdar and Madjdzadeh, 2016, on Graminae). General distribution: Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland (north and south), Moldova, Netherlands, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former USSR. Mesopolobus sp. Distribution in Iran: Kordestan (Kamangar et al., 2017). Host records in Iran: Tortrix viridana (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (Kamangar et al., 2017). Genus Metacolus Förster, 1856 Metacolus azureus (Ratzeburg, 1844) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Northern Khorasan (Ghahari et al., 2010a). General distribution: Afghanistan, Belgium, Bosnia Hercegovina, Caucasus, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Kazakhstan, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Scolytus kirschi Skalitzky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on apricot tree (Prunus armeniaca – Rosaceae) (Ghahari et al., 2010a). Metacolus unifasciatus Förster, 1856 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Ardabil (Ghahari and Huang, 2012), Mazandaran (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005). General distribution: Armenia, Belgium, Bosnia Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Caucasus, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan,

322

Lithuania, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Scolytus fasciatus Reitter (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on elm (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005), Scolytus sp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (Ghahari and Huang, 2012). Genus Metastenus Walker, 1834 Metastenus concinnus Walker, 1834 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Abd-Rabou et  al., 2005), Guilan (Modarres Awal, 2012), Mazandaran (Gharizadeh and Hesami, 2003; Feli Kohikheili and Damavandian, 2017). General distribution: Argentina, Caucasus, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Transcaucasus, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Cryptolaemus monterouzieri Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005; Gharizadeh and Hesami, 2003; Modarres Awal, 2012), Ceroplastes sinensis Del Guercio (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Hedera helix (Araliaceae) (Feli Kohikheili and Damavandian, 2017). Genus Mokrzeckia Mokrzecki, 1934 Mokrzeckia menzeli Subba Rao, 1981 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Ghahari, 2019). General distribution: India. Mokrzeckia obscura Graham, 1969 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: Isfahan (Afiunizadeh and Karimzadeh, 2010). General distribution: England. Host records in Iran: Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) (Afiunizadeh and Karimzadeh, 2010). Mokrzeckia pini (Hartig, 1838) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Sakenin et al., 2008b), Mazandaran (Sakenin et al., 2008a).

Chapter 16

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

General distribution: Austria, Belgium, China, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Korea, Poland, Russia, Slovakia. Genus Muscidifurax Girault and Sanders, 1910 Muscidifurax raptor Girault and Sanders, 1910 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari, Hormozgan, Tehran (Iranpour et al., 1991; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012). General distribution: Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Czech Republic, Denmark. Host records in Iran: Musca domestica (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae) (Iranpour et al., 1991; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012). Genus Nasonia Ashmead, 1904 Nasonia vitripennis (Walker, 1836) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari, Hormozgan (Iranpour et al., 1991; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012, as Mormoniella vitripennis (Walker, 1836)), Tehran (Iranpour et al., 1991; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012, as M. vitripennis; Akbarzadeh et al., 2017). General distribution: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, France, Germany, Hawaii, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Madeira, Netherlands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Romania, Senegal, Serbia, Slovakia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Tajikistan, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia, Zimbabwe. Host records in Iran: Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) (Iranpour et al., 1991, Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Sarcophaga argyrostoma (RobineauDesvoidy) and Wohlfahrtia nuba (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) (Akbarzadeh et al., 2017). Genus Nikolskayana Bouček, 1965 Nikolskayana mirabilis Bouček, 1965 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Noyes (2019).

Family Pteromalidae Dalman, 1820

Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005; Ghahari and Huang, 2012). General distribution: Iran, Turkmenistan, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Xyleborus saxeseni (Ratzeburg) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on cherry tree (Prunus cerasus) (Rosaceae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005; Ghahari and Huang, 2012). Genus Norbanus Walker, 1843 Norbanus arcuatus Xiao and Huang, 2001 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Hesami et al., 2010a). General distribution: China, Iran. Plant associations in Iran: Astragalus meridionalis (Fabaceae) (Hesami et al., 2010a). Norbanus calabrus (Masi, 1924) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh, 2015). General distribution: Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, France, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Serbia, Slovakia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia. Norbanus cerasiops (Masi, 1922) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan, West Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh, 2015), Razavi Khorasan (Hasani and Madjdzadeh, 2011a; Hasani et al., 2011; Hasani and Madjdzadeh, 2012, on Tamarix sp., Tamaricaceae). General distribution: Caucasus, China, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, France, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Morocco, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Turkey, former Yugoslavia. Norbanus meridionalis (Masi, 1922) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh, 2015). General distribution: Cyprus, Czech Republic, France, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden.

323

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Norbanus obscurus (Masi, 1922) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Ghahari and Huang, 2012; Lotfalizadeh, 2015), Kordestan, West Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh, 2015), western and northwestern Iran (no specific locality) (Sakenin et al., 2011). General distribution: Azerbaijan, Caucasus, Croatia, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Spain, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia. Norbanus rasplusi Lotfalizadeh, 2015 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh, 2015). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Norbanus scabriculus (Nees, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Qazvin (Lotfalizadeh, 2015), West Azarbaijan (Ghahari and Huang, 2012). General distribution: Azerbaijan, Canada, Caucasus, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Cephus sp. (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) (Ghahari and Huang, 2012).

Distribution in Iran: Isfahan, Kerman, Northern Khorasan (Rahmani et al., 2019b). General distribution: Belarus, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Greece, Italy, Kazakhstan, Morocco, Slovakia, Sweden, former USSR (Noyes, 2019); Iran (Rahmani et al., 2019b), Russia (Tselikh and Kostjukov, 2017), Spain (Heydon, 1989). Genus Pachycrepoideus Ashmead, 1904 Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Rondani, 1875) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Kordestan (Ghahari and Huang, 2012), Mazandaran (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005), Qom (Kishani Farahani et al., 2009, 2010). General distribution: Argentina, Australia, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominica, Fiji, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Hawaii, India, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Panama, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) on fig fruit (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005; Ghahari and Huang, 2012), Apanteles myeloenta Wilkinson (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) (Kishani Farahani et al., 2009, 2010).

Genus Notoglyptus Masi, 1917 Notoglyptus scutellaris (Dodd and Girault, 1915) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: Khuzestan (Moravvej et al., 2018), Tehran (Ghahari, 2014). General distribution: Australia, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Hungary, India, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Macedonia, Malaysia, Morocco, New Zealand, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Transcaucasus, Zimbabwe. Genus Novitzkyanus Bouček, 1961 Novitzkyanus cryptogaster Bouček, 1961 Catalogues with Iranian records: None.

324

Genus Pachyneuron Walker, 1833 Pachyneuron aphidis (Bouché, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Davatchi and Shojai, 1969; OILB, 1971; Haeselbrath, 1989; Rakhshani et al., 2004), Ardabil (Lotfalizadeh, 2002a,b; Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008; Moravvej et al., 2016), Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari (Modarres Awal, 2012; Khajehali and Poorjavad, 2015; Moravvej et al., 2016), East Azarbaijan, Mazandaran (Ghahari, 2012, 2014), Fars (Ghajarieh et al., 2014), Guilan, Isfahan (Ghahari, 2014), Kerman (Yazdani and Mehrnejad, 1993; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Ebrahimi et al., 1998; Emami and

Chapter 16

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Mehrnejad, 2004; Mitroiu et al., 2011, on Euphorbia sp.; Moravvej et al., 2016), Khuzestan (Mosaddegh, 1993; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Mossadegh and Kocheili, 2003; Farsi et al., 2010; Moravvej et al., 2016, 2018), Kordestan (Dehdar and Madjdzadeh, 2016), Qazvin (Davatchi and Shojai, 1969), Razavi Khorasan (Darsouei et al., 2011; Hasani and Madjdzadeh, 2012), Sistan & Baluchestan (Rakhshani et al., 2005), Tehran (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998; Moravvej et al., 2016), West Azarbaijan (Modarres Awal, 2012; Moravvej et al., 2016), Zanjan (Keyhanian et al., 1995; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Moravvej et al., 2016). General distribution: Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Caucasus, Chile, China, Colombia, Croatia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Egypt, El Salvador, France, Germany, Greece, Hawaii, Hungary, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Libya, Macedonia, Mexico, Moldova, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Pakistan, Peru, Poland, Puerto Rico, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Serbia, Slovakia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yemen, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Diaeretiella rapae (M'intosh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) (Davatchi and Shojai, 1969; Modarres Awal, 2012; Moravvej et al., 2016), Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphidae) on rape seed (Brassica napus) (Davatchi and Shojai, 1969; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998; Lotfalizadeh, 2002b; Mossadegh and Kocheili, 2003; Moravvej et al., 2016; Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008), psyllid species (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) on Pistacia mutica (Anacardiaceae) (Yazdani and Mehrnejad, 1993), Aphididae (Hemiptera) (Mosaddegh, 1993; Modarres Awal, 1997), Euphyllura olivina Costa (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) (Keyhanian et al., 1995; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Moravvej et al., 2016), Agonoscena targionii (Lichtenstein) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) (Ebrahimi et al., 1998), Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Lotfalizadeh, 2002a; Khanjani, 2006; Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008; Moravvej et al., 2016), Aphis craccivora Koch and Aphis gossypii (Glover) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) which are parasitized by Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Alhagi camelorum and Glycyrrhiza glabra (Fabaceae)

Family Pteromalidae Dalman, 1820

(Emami and Mehrnejad, 2004), Chromaphis juglandicola (Kaltenbach) (Hemiptera: Callaphididae) (Rakhshani et al., 2004; Modarres Awal, 2012; Moravvej et al., 2016), Pauesia antennata (Mukerji) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitoid of Pterochlorus persicae (Cholodkovsky) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Rakhshani et al., 2005), Brevicoryne brassicae on rape (Brassica napus) (Farsi et al., 2010), Psyllaephagus pistaciae Ferrière (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) (Modarres Awal, 2012; Moravvej et al., 2016), Tinocallis nevskyi Remaudière, Quednau and Heie (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Khajehali and Poorjavad, 2015). Plant associations in Iran: Malus sp. (Rosaceae), Trifolium sp. (Fabaceae) (Dehdar and Madjdzadeh, 2016). Pachyneuron bonum Xu and Li, 1991 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: Tehran (Talebi et al., 2008). General distribution: China. Host records in Iran: Planococcus vovae (Nasonov) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on cypress trees (Cupressus sempervirens fastigiata, Cupressaceae) (Talebi et al., 2008). Comments: Distribution of P. bonum is restricted to China and its presence in Iran needs confirmation. Pachyneuron erzurumicum Doğanlar, 1986 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Ilam (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008), Kerman (Mitroiu et al., 2011, on Euphorbia sp., Euphorbiaceae), Razavi Khorasan (Hasani and Madjdzadeh, 2012). General distribution: Iran, Kazakhstan, Turkey. Pachyneuron formosum Walker, 1833 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan, Guilan, West Azarbaijan (Ghahari, 2014), Ilam (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008), Kordestan (Dehdar and Madjdzadeh, 2016), Yazd (MohammadiKhoramabad et al., 2016), Iran (no specific locality) (OILB, 1971; Narendran et al., 2007). General distribution: Belgium, China, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Middle East, Morocco, Netherlands, Romania,

325

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkey, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Eupeodes corollae (Fabricius) and Eupeodes nuba (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Syrphidae) (Mohammadi-Khoramabad et al., 2016). Plant associations in Iran: Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius, Asteraceae) (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008), grass (Poaceae), Malus sp. (Rosaceae), Trifolium sp. (Fabaceae) (Dehdar and Madjdzadeh, 2016), Eruca vesicaria (Brassicaceae), Lactuca sativa (Asteraceae) (Mohammadi-Khoramabad et al., 2016). Pachyneuron grande Thomson, 1878 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Sadeghi and Ebrahimi, 2001), East Azarbaijan (Ghahari and Huang, 2012), Golestan, Tehran (Modarres Awal, 2012), Mazandaran (Ghahari, 2004, 2012; Modarres Awal, 2012), northern coastal region of Iran (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008). General distribution: Austria, Belgium, Bosnia Hercegovina, China, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Moldova, Netherlands, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, former Yugoslavia (Noyes, 2019); Turkey (Muştu et al., 2011). Host records in Iran: Parasitoid of hoverfly larvae feeding on black poplar aphid, Pterocomma populeum (Kaltenbach) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Sadeghi and Ebrahimi, 2001; Modarres Awal, 2012), Nipaecoccus vastator Maskell (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Nerium oleander (Apocynaceae) (Ghahari, 2004; Ghahari and Huang, 2012; Modarres Awal, 2012). Pachyneuron groenlandicum (Holmgren, 1872) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Haeselbrath, 1989), Ilam (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008), Kerman (Mitroiu et al., 2011, on Euphorbia sp., Euphorbiaceae), Razavi Khorasan (Hasani and Madjdzadeh, 2012). General distribution: Belgium, China, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greenland, India, Iran, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Siberia, Slovakia, South Korea, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, Yemen.

326

Host records in Iran: Phleomyzus passerine Signoret (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Haeselbrath 1989). Pachyneuron leucopiscida Mani, 1939 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Lotfalizadeh, 2002b; Emami and Mehrnejad, 2004, both as Pachyneuron cremifaniae Delucchi, 1953), Kordestan (Dehdar and Madjdzadeh, 2013, 2016). General distribution: Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, India, Iran, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Moldova, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Transcaucasus, Turkey, United Kingdom, Yemen. Host records in Iran: Aphis gossypii (Glover) and Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae) which are parasitized by Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Alhagi camelorum and Glycyrrhiza glabra (Fabaceae) (Emami and Mehrnejad, 2004); hyperparasitoid of insects (Lotfalizadeh, 2002b). Plant associations in Iran: Medicago sp. (Fabaceae) (Dehdar and Madjdzadeh, 2016). Pachyneuron muscarum (Linnaeus, 1758) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Ebrahimi, 2014), East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh, 2002b; Ghahari et al., 2010b, as Pachyneuron concolor (Förster, 1841); Ebrahimi et al., 2012a,b; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2014a,c; Jafari et al., 2015), Fars (Lotfalizadeh, 2000, 2002b; Lotfalizadeh and Ahmadi, 2000; Modarres Awal, 2012, all as P. concolor; Hesami and Fallahzadeh, 2004; Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008; Fallahzadeha et al., 2008, 2011; Ebrahimi, 2014; Moravvej et al., 2016), Guilan (Davoodi et al., 2004b), Isfahan (Bagheri and Nematollahi, 2006; Nematollahi, 2010; Nematollahi and Bagheri, 2018, all as P. concolor), Kermanshah (Jalilvand et al., 2013, 2014), Khuzestan (Asadeh, 1991; Asadeh and Mosaddegh, 1991a,b, 1993; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Novin et al., 2000; Kazemzadeh, 2003; Mossadegh and Kocheili, 2003; Zarghami et al., 2010; Mossadegh et al., 2015; Moravvej et al., 2016, 2018; Booshi et al., 2019), Kuhgiloyeh & Boyerahmad (Khatima and Reza, 2015, as P. concolor), Markazi (Yousefi et al., 2018), Mazandaran (Feli Kohikheili and Damavandian, 2017), Semnan (Dezianian and

Chapter 16

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Sahragard, 2000; Modarres Awal, 2012; Moravvej et al., 2016), Southern Khorasan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2019c), Tehran (Haeselbrath, 1989; Davoodi et al., 2004a; Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008; Modarres Awal, 2012; Moravvej et al., 2016), Zanjan (Tarasi et al., 2004; Modarres Awal, 2012, both as P. concolor), southern and central parts of Iran (no specific locality) (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008), Iran (no specific locality) (OILB, 1971). General distribution: Armenia, Belgium, Bulgaria, Caucasus, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Pseudococcus spp. (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Asadeh et al., 1991a,b; Modarres Awal, 1997), Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt and Lauterer (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) (Dezianian and Sahragard, 2000; Modarres Awal, 2012; Moravvej et al., 2016), Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Novin et al., 2000; Mossadegh and Kocheili, 2003; Mossadegh et al., 2015; Moravvej et al., 2016), Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) (Lotfalizadeh, 2002b; Modarres Awal, 2012), Syrphidae (Diptera) (Lotfalizadeh, 2002b), mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Morus sp. (Moraceae) and Citrus sp. (Rutaceae) (Hesami and Fallahzadeh, 2004), Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) and Suarius fedtschenkoi (Mclachlan) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) on cypress tree (Cupressaceae) (Lotfalizadeh, 2000; Lotfalizadeh and Ahmadi, 2000; Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008), Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Fallahzadeha et al., 2008, 2011), Sphaerolecanium prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Ebrahimi et al., 2012a,b; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2014a,c), Eulecanium tiliae (L.) (as E. coryli (L.)) (Hemiptera: Coccidae)onPrunusdivaricata,and Parthenolecanium corni (Bouché) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Prunus amygdalus (Jalilvand et al., 2013), Lepidosaphes malicola Borchsenius (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), Didesmococcus unifastiacus (Archangelskaya) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2014a,c), Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Ebrahimi, 2014), Cacopsylla pyricola Förster (as Psylla pyricola

Family Pteromalidae Dalman, 1820

Förster) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) on pear (Pyrus communis L.) (Haeselbrath, 1989; Moravvej et al., 2016), coccids (Hemiptera) (Davoodi et al., 2004b), Eulecanium tiliae (L.) (Davoodi et al., 2004a; Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008; Ebrahimi, 2014), Coccus hesperidum (L.), Eulecanium tiliae (L.), Sphaerolecanium prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe), Didesmococcus unifasciatus (Arkangelskaya) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Davoodi et al., 2004a; Moravvej et al., 2016), Nephus arcuatus Kapur (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) (Zarghami et al.,2010),Anagyrus spp.(Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) (Hesami and Fallahzadeh, 2004), Acanthiophilus helianthi Rossi (Diptera: Tephritidae) (Bagheri and Nematollahi, 2006; Nematollahi, 2010; Khatima and Reza, 2015, on safflower (Carthamus tinctorius, Asteraceae)), Pseudococcus comstocki (Kuwana) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Jafari et al., 2015), Ceroplastes sinensis Del Guercio (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Hedera helix (Araliaceae) (Feli Kohikheili and Damavandian, 2017), Mercetaspis halli (Green), Parlatoria oleae (Colvée) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on almond and apricot (Yousefi et al., 2018), Trabutina crassispinosa Ter-Grigorian (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Tamarix sp. (Tamaricaceae) (Jalilvand et al., 2014), Anophococcus abaii (Danzig) (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae) on Haloxylon ammodendron (Amaranthaceae) (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2019c). Plant associations in Iran: Carthamus tinctorius (Asteraceae) (Nematollahi and Bagheri, 2018). Pachyneuron nelsoni Girault, 1928 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008), Kordestan (Dehdar and Madjdzadeh, 2016, on grass (Poaceae)), Razavi Khorasan (Hasani and Madjdzadeh, 2012). General distribution: Australia, Azerbaijan, China, Croatia, India, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Libya, Moldova, Russia, Spain, Tajikistan, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Yemen. Host records in Iran: Pupal parasitoid of syrphid fly (Paragus sp.) (Diptera: Syrphidae) (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008). Pachyneuron planiscuta Thomson, 1878 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Noyes (2019).

327

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Modarres Awal, 2012), Hamadan (Ghahari et al., 2010a), Mazandaran (Ghahari, 2004; Sakenin et al., 2008a; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: China, Czech Republic, Hungary, Iran, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Netherlands, Romania, Sweden, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Morus alba (Moraceae) and Nerium oleander (Apocynaceae) (Ghahari, 2004; Ghahari et al., 2010a; Modarres Awal, 2012). Pachyneuron solitarium (Hartig, 1838) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: Ardabil (Ghafouri-Moghaddam et al., 2014), Fars (Ghajarieh et al., 2014). General distribution: Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Czech Republic, Georgia, Germany, India, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Moldova, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Siberia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden. Host records in Iran: Pemphigus spyrothecae Passerini (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Ghafouri-Moghaddam et al., 2014), Nipaecoccus viridis Newstead (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Ghajarieh et al., 2014). Pachyneuron tonyi Narendran and Santhosh, 2007 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Khuzestan (Moravvej et al., 2018). General distribution: Yemen. Pachyneuron spp. Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Davatchi and Shojai, 1969; Shojai 1998), Khuzestan (Moravvej et al., 2016), Northern Khorasan (Malkeshi et al., 2000), Razavi Khorasan (Jalaeian et al., 2011). Host records in Iran: Pterochlorus persicae (Cholodkovsky) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Prunus persica (Davatchi and Shojai, 1969; Shojai, 1998), Syrphidae (Diptera) on pome fruit trees orchards (Malkeshi et al., 2000), Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt and Lauterer (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) (Jalaeian et al., 2011). Genus Paracarotomus Ashmead, 1894 Paracarotomus cephalotes Ashmead, 1894 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Noyes (2019).

328

Distribution in Iran: Ardabil (Ghahari and Huang, 2012), Mazandaran (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005). General distribution: Australia, France, India, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Russia, Siberia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Uganda, United States of America, Zimbabwe. Host records in Iran: Syrphus pyrastri (L.) (Diptera: Syrphidae) in sunflower field (Helianthus annuus, Asteraceae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005), Syrphus sp. (Diptera: Syrphidae) (Ghahari and Huang, 2012). Genus Peridesmia Förster, 1856 Peridesmia discus (Walker, 1835) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali 2008 – in alfalfa field), Khuzestan (Sakenin et al., 2019). General distribution: Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Germany, Italy, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Morocco, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States of America, former Yugoslavia. Genus Phaenocytus Graham, 1969 Phaenocytus glechomae (Förster, 1841) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Semnan (Ghahari et al., 2010a). General distribution: Belgium, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Liposthenes (= Aulax) glechomae L. (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Glechoma sp. (Ghahari et al., 2010a). Genus Platecrizotes Ferrière, 1934 Platecrizotes europaeus Bouček, 1964 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005). General distribution: Moldova, Poland. Host records in Iran: Acletoxenus formosus Loew (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in cotton field (Gossypium hirsutum – Malvaceae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005).

Chapter 16

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Genus Pseudocatolaccus Masi, 1908 Pseudocatolaccus aragonensis Askew, 2001 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Razavi Khorasan (Hasani and Madjdzadeh, 2011a, 2012; Hasani et al., 2011). General distribution: Iran, Spain. Pseudocatolaccus nitescens (Walker, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008). General distribution: Belgium, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Macedonia, Madeira, Moldova, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Genus Psilocera Walker, 1833 Psilocera obscura Walker, 1833 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al., 2015a). General distribution: Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Apanteles glomeratus (L.) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) (Ghahari et al., 2015a). Genus Psilonotus Walker, 1834 Psilonotus achaeus Walker, 1848 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Khuzestan (Abd-Rabou et al., 2019). General distribution: Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Netherlands, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America. Psilonotus adamas Walker, 1834 Catalogues with Iranian records: None (newly recorded from Iran).

Family Pteromalidae Dalman, 1820

Distribution in Iran: Hamadan province, KabodarAhang (3 km N Alisadr cave), 1♀, April 2008. General distribution: Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former USSR. Genus Psychophagus Mayr, 1904 Psychophagus omnivorus (Walker, 1835) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Rezaii et al., 2001, 2003; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Macedonia, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Hyphantria cunea Drury (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) (Rezaei et al., 2001, 2003; Modarres Awal, 2012). Genus Pteromalus Swederus, 1795 Pteromalus albipennis Walker, 1835 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2014), East Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al., 2010a; Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2014), Golestan (Ghahari et al., 2010a), Mazandaran (Ghahari et al., 2010a; Ghahari, 2012), Iran (no specific locality) (Lotfalizadeh and Kazemi, 2010). General distribution: Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Ireland (north and south), Italy, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Netherlands, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland. Host records in Iran: Myopites inulaedyssentericae Blot (Diptera: Tephritidae), Terellia tussilaginis (Fabricius) (Diptera: Tephritidae) and Urophora cardui (L.) (Diptera: Tephritidae) (Ghahari et al., 2010a). Pteromalus apum (Retzius, 1783) Catalogues with Iranian records: None (newly recorded from Iran). Distribution in Iran: Qazvin province, KhorramDasht, 2♀, 1♂, ex Oscinella frit (L.) (Diptera:

329

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Chloropidae) on Triticum vulgare (Poaceae), July 2010. General distribution: Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Montenegro, Netherlands, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Pteromalus bedeguaris (Thompson, 1878) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2006, 2012; Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008), Fars (Hesami et al., 2010b), Kerman (Mahdavi and Madjdzadeh, 2013; Mahdavi et al., 2015), Mazandaran (Ghahari et al., 2010b), Tehran (Rakhshani et al., 2003; Hesami et al., 2006; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2006), West Azarbaijan (Mohammadi et al., 2011; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012), Iran (no specific locality) (OILB, 1971; Askew et al., 2006; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2006). General distribution: Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,Tajikistan,Transcaucasus, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Galls of Diplolepis sp. (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Rosa canina (Rosaceae) (Rakhshani et al., 2003), Sigmophora brevicornis (Panzer) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) (Hesami et al., 2006), Diplolepis fructuum (Rübsaamen) on Rosa canina and Rosa damascena (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2006; Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008; Mohammadi et al., 2011), Diplolepis mayri (Schlechtendal) (Askew et al., 2006; Ghahari et al., 2010b), Diplolepis rosae (L.) on Rosa canina (Hesami et al., 2010b), galls of Diplolepis fructuum (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012), Diplolepis fructuum on Rosa beggeriana (Mahdavi et al., 2015), Diplolepis fructuum on Ephedra major (Ephedraceae) (Mahdavi and Madjdzadeh, 2013). Pteromalus bifoveolatus Förster, 1861 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Heidari et al., 2004), East Azarbaijan, Tehran (Modarres Awal, 2012),

330

Kordestan (Ghahari and Huang, 2012), West Azarbaijan (Karimpour and Hydone, 2005; Karimpour, 2018), western and northwestern Iran (no specific locality) (Sakenin et al., 2011). General distribution: Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Mauritania, Moldova, Morocco, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Vespa orientalis L. (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) (Heidari et al., 2004), Malocosoma castrense (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) (Karimpour and Hydone, 2005; Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008; Modarres Awal, 2012; Karimpour, 2018). Pteromalus cardui (Erdős, 1953) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Ghahari, 2004; Sakenin et al., 2008a; Modarres Awal, 2012), Mazandaran (Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: France, Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Netherlands, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Vanessa cardui L. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) on soybean (Ghahari, 2004; Modarres Awal, 2012). Pteromalus chlorospilus (Walker, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: Ardabil (Hashemi and Lotfalizadeh, 2014; Lotfalizadeh and Hashemi, 2015). General distribution: Germany, Ireland, Romania, Sweden, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Oxystoma ochropus (Germar) (Coleoptera: Brentidae) (Hashemi and Lotfalizadeh, 2014; Lotfalizadeh and Hashemi, 2015). Pteromalus chrysos Walker, 1836 Catalogues with Iranian records: None (newly recorded from Iran). Distribution in Iran: Kuhgiloyeh & Boyerahmad province, Landeh, 2♀, 1♂, ex Pieris brassicae (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), May 2011. General distribution: Algeria, Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden,

Chapter 16

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia.

Host records in Iran: Oxyna parietina (L.) (Diptera: Tephritidae) (Ghahari et al., 2010a).

Pteromalus cyniphidis (Linnaeus, 1758) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Mahdavi et al., 2015). General distribution: Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Leaf galls on Salix pycnostachya (Salicaceae) (Mahdavi et al., 2015).

Pteromalus microps (Graham, 1969) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Ghahari and Huang, 2012), Mazandaran (Ghahari, 2004; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Germany, Iran, Kazakhstan, Netherlands, Romania, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Papilio machaon L. (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) (Ghahari, 2004; Ghahari and Huang, 2012; Modarres Awal, 2012).

Pteromalus dolichurus (Thomson, 1878) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Mahdavi et al., 2015). General distribution: Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Norway, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Leaf galls on Salix pycnostachya (Salicaceae) (Mahdavi et al., 2015). Pteromalus elevatus (Walker, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Ghahari and Huang, 2012), Golestan (Ghahari, 2004; Modarres Awal, 2012), Isfahan (Ghahari, 2012), Mazandaran (Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Germany, Hawaii, Hungary, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Transcaucasus, Turkey, United Kingdom, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Pieris brassicae (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) (Ghahari, 2004; Ghahari and Huang, 2012; Modarres Awal, 2012). Pteromalus intermedius (Walker, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Ghahari et al., 2010a), Tehran (Ghahari, 2014). General distribution: France, Germany, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Madeira, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom.

Family Pteromalidae Dalman, 1820

Pteromalus puparum (Linnaeus, 1758) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Davatchi and Shojai, 1969), Ardabil, Fars, Guilan, Isfahan (Ghahari, 2014), East Azarbaijan (Ghahari, 2012), Golestan (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998; Ghahari, 2014; Moravvej et al., 2016), Kerman (Farid, 1987; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Moravvej et al., 2016), Khuzestan (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998; Moravvej et al., 2016, 2018), Mazandaran (Ghahari, 2012, 2014), Razavi Khorasan (Hasani and Madjdzadeh, 2012, on Tamarix sp.), Tehran (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008; Moravvej et al., 2016), West Azarbaijan (Akbarzadeh Shoukat et al., 2008; Akbarzadeh Shoukat, 2011; Razmi et al., 2011a,b; Modarres Awal, 2012; Ghahari, 2014; Akbarzadeh Shoukat et al., 2015; Moravvej et al., 2016), Iran (no specific locality) (OILB, 1971; Davatchi and Shojai, 1969). General distribution: Algeria, Australia, Austria, Azores, Barbados, Belgium, Bermuda, Bolivia, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Egypt, El Salvador, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hawaii, Hungary, India, Iran, Iraq, Ireland (north and south), Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Macedonia, Madeira, Malaysia, Moldova, Mongolia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Slovakia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Taiwan, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America.

331

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Host records in Iran: Pieris brassicae (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) on Brassica oleracea (Davatchi and Shojai, 1969; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998; Razmi et al., 2011a,b; Moravvej et al., 2016), Papilio demoleus L. (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) (Farid, 1987; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Moravvej et al., 2016), Lepidosaphes malicola Borchsenius (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Moravvej et al., 2016), Vanessa cardui (L.) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998; Moravvej et al., 2016), Dryas sp. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) (Shojai, 1998), Lobesia botrana (Denis and Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) (Akbarzadeh Shoukat et al., 2008, 2015; Akbarzadeh Shoukat, 2011; Moravvej et al., 2016), Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) on Brassica oleraceae (Brassicaceae) (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008). Pteromalus semotus (Walker, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: Isfahan (Ghahari, 2014), Kerman (Mehrnejad, 2008; Mehrnejad and Basirat, 2009), Semnan (Lotfalizadeh and Abai, 2008; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Austria, Belgium, Bosnia Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Canary Islands, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Turkey (Noyes, 2019); India (Ghahari et al., 2015a). Host records in Iran: Kermania pistaciella Amsel (Lepidoptera: Tineidae) (Mehrnejad, 2008; Mehrnejad and Basirat, 2009), Vladimirea zygophyllivorella (Kuznetsov) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) (Lotfalizadeh and Abai, 2008; Modarres Awal, 2012, as Vladimirea zygophili). Pteromalus sequester Walker, 1835 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Ardabil (Hashemi and Lotfalizadeh, 2014; Lotfalizadeh and Hashemi, 2015),Golestan (Ghahari,2014),Yazd (MohammadiKhoramabadi et al., 2014). General distribution: Australia, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hawaii, Hungary, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, Russia, Siberia, former Yugoslavia.

332

Host records in Iran: Oxystoma ochropus (Germar) (Coleoptera: Brentidae) (Hashemi and Lotfalizadeh, 2014; Lotfalizadeh and Hashemi, 2015) and Hypenidium oculatum (Becker) (Diptera: Tephritidae) (Mohammadi-Khoramabadi et al., 2014). Pteromalus smaragdus Graham, 1969 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Ghahari, 2014). General distribution: Spain, Sweden. Pteromalus varians (Spinola, 1808) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: Most areas (no specific locality) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012, as Habrocytus grandis (Walker, 1835)). General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Caucasus, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Anthonomus pomorum L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012). Pteromalus veneris Dalla Torre, 1898 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: Iran (no specific locality) (Mirabzadeh, 1989, as Pteromalus venustus Walker). General distribution: Germany. Host records in Iran: Parasitoid of megachilid wasps (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) (Mirabzadeh, 1989). Pteromalus spp. Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Farahbakhsh, 1961), East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2015), Isfahan (Afiunizadeh and Karimzadeh, 2010), Kerman (Jafari Nodooshan and Shaigan, 1993), Khuzestan (Habibpour et al., 2002; Moravvej et al., 2018), Kuhgiloyeh & Boyerahmad (Khatima and Reza, 2015; Saeidi, 2015), Tehran (Imani, 2000), Iran (no specific locality) (Modarres Awal, 1997, as Habrocytus sp.). Host records in Iran: Cerura bifida Hübner (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) (Farahbakhsh, 1961), Kemania pistaciella Amsel (Lepidoptera: Tineidae) (Jafari Nodooshan and Shaigan, 1993),

Chapter 16

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (Modarres Awal, 1997), Megachile rotundata Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) (Imani, 2000), Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) (Afiunizadeh and Karimzadeh, 2010), Acanthiophilus helianthi Rossi (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Carthamus oxycantha (Asteraceae) (Khatima and Reza, 2015; Saeidi, 2015), Chromatomyia horticola Goureau, Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae), Phyllonorycter medicaginella (Gerasimov) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) (Lotfalizadeh et al., 1997). Genus Rhaphitelus Walker, 1834 Rhaphitelus ladenbergi (Ratzeburg, 1844) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: Isfahan (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005). General distribution: Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Romania, Serbia, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Scolytus multistriatus (Marsham) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Fraxinus sp. (Oleaceae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005). Rhaphitelus maculatus Walker, 1834 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Davatchi and Shojai, 1969; Shojai, 1998; Shojai et al., 2001), Ardabil (Davatchi and Shojai, 1969), East Azarbaijan (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Lotfalizadeh and Khalghani, 2008; Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008), Guilan (Shojai et al., 2001), Hamadan, Isfahan, Markazi, Zanjan (Radjabi, 1991; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Tehran (Shojai et al., 2001; Modarres Awal, 2012), northern forests of Iran (Amini et al., 2016). General distribution: Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Egypt, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Moldova, Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Scolytus rugulosus (Müller) (as Scolytus mediterraneus (Eggers)) (Coleoptera:

Family Pteromalidae Dalman, 1820

Curculionidae) on dead wood of apple (Shojai, 1963, 1998; Davatchi and Shojai, 1969; Radjabi, 1991; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008), Scolytus multistriatus (Marsham) (Shojai et al., 2001), Scolytus rugulosus (Amini et al., 2016). Genus Rhopalicus Förster, 1856 Rhopalicus quadratus (Ratzeburg, 1844) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: Kordestan (Ghahari et al., 2015a). General distribution: Armenia, Austria, Belarus, China, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Japan, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Lixus iridis Olivier (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (Ghahari et al., 2015a). Rhopalicus tutela (Walker, 1836) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Ghahari et al., 2015a). General distribution: Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, China, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Japan, Kirgizia, Lithuania, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,Transcaucasus, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Scolytus orientalis (Eggers) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (Ghahari et al., 2015a). Genus Sceptrothelys Graham, 1956 Sceptrothelys intermedia Graham, 1969 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Sakenin et al., 2008b), Mazandaran (Sakenin et al., 2008a). General distribution: Finland, France, Germany, Kazakhstan, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States of America. Genus Schizonotus Ratzeburg, 1852 Schizonotus latus (Walker, 1835) Catalogues with Iranian records: None (newly recorded from Iran).

333

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Distribution in Iran: Semnan province, Shahrud (Dizaj), 3♀, April 2009. General distribution: Belgium, China, former Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Montenegro, Netherlands, Pakistan, Romania, Slovakia, Turkmenistan, United Kingdom, United States of America. Schizonotus sieboldi (Ratzeburg, 1848) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Sadeghi and Askary, 2002), Fars (Lotfalizadeh and Ahmadi, 1998; Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008; Modarres Awal, 2012), Ilam (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008), Mazandaran (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005; Ghahari et al., 2010a), Tehran (Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Bulgaria, Caucasus, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldova, Norway, Pakistan, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Turkmenistan, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Chrysomela populi L. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) (Lotfalizadeh and Ahmadi, 1998; Sadeghi and Askary, 2002; Modarres Awal, 2012), Chrysomela coerufans Scrib (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005; Ghahari et al., 2010a). Genus Spaniopus Walker, 1833 Spaniopus dissimilis Walker, 1833 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: Ilam (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008). General distribution: Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Germany, Ireland (north and south), Netherlands, Russia, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States of America. Plant associations in Iran: Carthamus oxycantha (Asteraceae) (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008). Spaniopus polyspilus Graham, 1956 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: Ilam (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008).

334

General distribution: Czech Republic, Hungary, Ireland (north and south), Sweden, United Kingdom. Genus Sphegigaster Spinola, 1811 Sphegigaster brevicornis (Walker, 1833) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al., 2010b). General distribution: Italy, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) (Ghahari et al., 2010b). Sphegigaster cuscutae Ferrière, 1959 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Ardabil, East Azarbaijan, Mazandaran (Ghahari, 2014), Razavi Khorasan (Hasani and Madjdzadeh, 2011a; Hasani et al., 2011; Hasani and Madjdzadeh, 2012). General distribution: Germany, Iran, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Romania, Sweden, Yemen. Sphegigaster ineus Mitroiu, 2008 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2015). General distribution: Romania. Host records in Iran: Phyllonorycter medicaginella (Gerasimov) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2015). Sphegigaster mutica Thomson, 1878 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: Kordestan (Dehdar and Madjdzadeh, 2016). General distribution: China, Hungary, Sweden. Plant associations in Iran: Trifolium sp. (Fabaceae) (Dehdar and Madjdzadeh, 2016). Sphegigaster nigricornis (Nees, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan, Ilam (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008), Kordestan (Dehdar and Madjdzadeh, 2016).

Chapter 16

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

General distribution: Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Madeira, Netherlands, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom. Plant associations in Iran: Gramineae (Poaceae) (Dehdar and Madjdzadeh, 2016). Sphegigaster orobanchiae Kurdjumov, 1912 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Qazvin (Shojai, 1968, 1998), Tehran, Zanjan (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Iran (no specific locality) (OILB, 1971). General distribution: Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Russia, Serbia, Turkey, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Leaf miners (Diptera: Agromyzidae) (OILB, 1971). Plant associations in Iran: Orobanche sp. (Orobanchaceae) (Shojai, 1998). Sphegigaster pallicornis (Spinola, 1808) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Tehran (Sakenin et al., 2019). General distribution: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland (north and south), Italy, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Netherlands, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom. Sphegigaster persiana Mitroiu and Madjdzadeh, 2011 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Abolhassanzadeh et al., 2011; Mitroiu et al., 2011 – in beet field). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Host records in Iran: Probably parasitoid of small flies mining plant tissues (Mitroiu et al., 2011). Sphegigaster stepicola Bouček, 1965 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Ghahari and Huang, 2012), Golestan (Modarres Awal, 2012), Mazandaran (Ghahari, 2004; Sakenin et al., 2008a; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Algeria, Austria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Ethiopia, Hungary, India, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Morocco, Romania, Slovakia, Thailand, Transcaucasus, former Yugoslavia.

Family Pteromalidae Dalman, 1820

Host records in Iran: Agromyza schineri Giraud (Diptera: Agromyzidae) (Ghahari, 2004; Ghahari and Huang, 2012; Modarres Awal, 2012). Sphegigaster truncata Thomson, 1878 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Abolhassanzadeh et al., 2011; Mitroiu et al., 2011). General distribution: China, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, United Kingdom. Sphegigaster sp. Distribution in Iran: Ardabil (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008). Host records in Iran: Liriomyza sativae (Blanchard), Phytomyza horticola Goureau (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on crucifer (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008). Genus Spintherus Thomson, 1878 Spintherus dubius (Nees, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Ghahari and Tabari, 2019). General distribution: Belgium, Bulgaria, Caucasus, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former USSR. Genus Stenetra Masi, 1931 Stenetra ligustica Masi, 1931 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari (Ghahari et al., 2015a). General distribution: Azerbaijan, Czech Republic, Croatia, Italy, Kazakhstan, Slovakia, Spain. Stenetra sp. Distribution in Iran: Qazvin (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008). Host records in Iran: Seed of Sphora alopecuroides (Fabaceae) (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008). Genus Stenomalina Ghesquière, 1946 Stenomalina favorinus (Walker, 1839) Catalogues with Iranian records: None.

335

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Abd-Rabou et al., 2019). General distribution: Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Ireland (north and south), Netherlands, Romania, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom. Stenomalina gracilis (Walker, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Ghahari et al., 2010a). General distribution: Belgium, Canada, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Moldova, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Dasyneura acrophila Winn (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on ash tree (Fraxinus excelsior – Oleaceae) (Ghahari et al., 2010a). Stenomalina iera (Walker, 1844) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: Razavi Khorasan (Hasani and Madjdzadeh, 2011a, 2012; Hasani et al., 2011). General distribution: Germany, Norway, Sweden. Genus Stenoselma Delucchi, 1956 Stenoselma nigrum Delucchi, 1956 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Ghahari and Huang, 2012), Kordestan (Nazemi-Rafi et al., 2011; Alipanah et al., 2013; Dehdar and Madjdzadeh, 2013, 2016), Semnan (Sakenin et al., 2008a). General distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia Hercegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Macedonia, Morocco, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Turkmenistan. Host records in Iran: Anthaxia aspera Bily (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) (Ghahari and Huang, 2012). Plant associations in Iran: Prunus persica (Rosaceae) (Dehdar and Madjdzadeh, 2016).

Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Sakenin et al., 2008b). General distribution: Australia, Croatia, France, Hungary, Isle of Man (British Isles), Kazakhstan, Macedonia, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Serbia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Genus Syntomopus Walker, 1833 Syntomopus incisus Thomson, 1878 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: Ilam (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008). General distribution: China, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Isle of Man (British Isles), Italy, Kazakhstan, Netherlands, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Genus Tomicobia Ashmead, 1899 Tomicobia seitneri (Ruschka, 1924) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Sakenin et al., 2008b). General distribution: Austria, Belgium, China, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Mongolia, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Siberia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine. Genus Toxeuma Walker, 1833 Toxeuma fuscicorne Walker, 1833 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: Isfahan (Ghahari et al., 2010a), Yazd (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005). General distribution: Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Ireland (north and south), Netherlands, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Agromyza schneri Girault (Diptera: Agromyzidae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005; Ghahari et al., 2010a).

Genus Stinoplus Thomson, 1878

Genus Trichomalopsis Crawford, 1913

Stinoplus etearchus (Walker, 1848) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a).

Trichomalopsis hemiptera (Walker, 1835) Catalogues with Iranian records: None (newly recorded from Iran).

336

Chapter 16

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Distribution in Iran: Kordestan province, Qorveh (Shurankhan), 2♀, ex Oscinella frit (Linnaeus, 1758) (Diptera: Chloropidae), June 2012. General distribution: Austria, Belgium, Canada, China, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland (north and south), Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Moldova, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Puerto Rico, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former Yugoslavia. Trichomalopsis microptera (Lindeman, 1887) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Sakenin et al., 2019). General distribution: Bulgaria, Canary Islands, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Morocco, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR. Trichomalopsis peregrina (Graham, 1969) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Ghahari, 2004; Modarres Awal, 2012), Isfahan (Ghahari et al., 2010a), Mazandaran (Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Austria, Canada, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Rhagoletis cerasi (L.) (Diptera: Tephritidae) on strawberry (Ghahari, 2004; Modarres Awal, 2012), Rhagoletis sp. (Ghahari et al., 2010a). Trichomalopsis spp. Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Shojai, 1968, 1998; Modarres Awal, 1997, as Eupteromalus sp.), Kerman (Modarres Awal, 1997, as Eupteromalus sp.). Host records in Iran: Oscinella frit (L.) (Diptera: Chloropidae) on Triticum vulgare (Poaceae) (Shojai, 1968, 1998; Modarres Awal, 1997). Genus Trichomalus Thomson, 1878 Trichomalus nanus (Walker, 1836) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Zanjan (Sakenin et al., 2019).

Family Pteromalidae Dalman, 1820

General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Moldova, Netherlands, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former USSR. Trichomalus campestris (Walker, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008 – in alfalfa field). General distribution: Belgium, Bosnia Hercegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Trichomalus perfectus (Walker, 1835) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Ghahari and Huang, 2012), Golestan (Sakenin et al., 2008a), Tehran (Sakenin et al., 2008b). General distribution: Canada, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Ceutorrhynchus sp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (Ghahari and Huang, 2012). Trichomalus posticus (Walker, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan, West Azarbaijan (Ghahari, 2014), Tehran (Ghahari et al., 2010a). General distribution: Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Iran, Turkey. Host records in Iran: Chlorops sp. (Diptera: Chloropidae) (Ghahari et al., 2010a). Trichomalus rufinus (Walker, 1835) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh and Mehrvar, 2006; Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008 – in alfalfa field; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Austria, Belgium, Bosnia Hercegovina, Canary Islands, Czech Republic,

337

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Genus Trigonoderus Westwood, 1832 Trigonoderus pulcher Walker, 1836 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Hamadan (Ghahari et al., 2010a). General distribution: Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Iran, Japan, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia (Noyes, 2019); India (Ghahari et al., 2015a). Genus Tritneptis Girault, 1908 Tritneptis affinis (Nees, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Tehran (Abd-Rabou et al., 2019). General distribution: Austria, Belgium, Canada, China, Czech Republic, Germany, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Montenegro, Netherlands, Sweden, United States of America, former USSR. Tritneptis klugii (Ratzeburg, 1844) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Ghahari, 2019). General distribution: Armenia, Austria, Canada, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States of America.

Genus Urolepis Walker, 1846 Urolepis maritima (Walker, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Ardabil (Ghahari and Huang, 2012), Fars, Isfahan, Tehran (Gibson, 2000), Golestan (Ghahari, 2004; Modarres Awal, 2012), Mazandaran (Ghahari, 2004; Sakenin et al., 2008a; Modarres Awal, 2012), widely distributed from Mazandaran province to Fars (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008). General distribution: Austria, Belgium, Canada, Canary Islands, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Ireland (north and south), Kazakhstan, Middle East, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Romania, Sweden, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Ephydra afghanica Dahl (Diptera: Ephydridae) on rice (Gibson, 2000; Ghahari, 2004; Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008; Modarres Awal, 2012). Urolepis spp. Distribution in Iran: Isfahan (Damadzadeh et al., 1991; Modarres Awal, 1997; Khanjani, 2006). Host records in Iran: Ephydra afghanica Dahl (Diptera: Ephydridae) (Damadzadeh et al., 1991; Modarres Awal, 1997; Khanjani, 2006). Subfamily Spalangiinae Haliday, 1833 Genus Spalangia Latreille, 1805

Genus Trychnosoma Graham, 1957 Trychnosoma punctipleura (Thomson, 1878) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Isfahan (Ghahari et al., 2010a; Ghahari et al., 2010b, as Trychnosoma ernobii Hedqvist, 1974 – misidentification). General distribution: Czech Republic, France, Iran, Netherlands, Slovakia, Sweden, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Cycloderes cribricollis Desbrochers (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on sugar beet (Beta vulgaris – Amaranthaceae) (Ghahari et al., 2010a), Ernobius mollis L. (Coleoptera: Ptinidae) on dried wood (Ghahari et al., 2010b, under Trychnosoma ernobii).

338

Spalangia cameroni Perkins, 1910 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari (Ghahari et al., 2015a), Khuzestan (Vazirianzadeh et al., 2008; Moravvej et al., 2016, 2018). General distribution: Argentina, Australia, Azores, Belize, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Fiji, Germany, Ghana, Grenada, Hawaii, Hungary, India, Italy, Jamaica, Kazakhstan, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Serbia, Solomon

Chapter 16

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Tanzania, Trinidad and Tobago, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) (Vazirianzadeh et al., 2008; Moravvej et al., 2016).

Distribution in Iran: Isfahan (Ghahari et al., 2015a). General distribution: Algeria, Austria, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Ireland, Italy, Malaysia, Moldova, Morocco, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Ukraine, United States of America.

Spalangia drosophilae Ashmead, 1887 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Khuzestan (Moravvej et al., 2018). General distribution: Antilles, Argentina, Barbados, Bermuda, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Jamaica, Latvia, Mexico, Morocco, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Russia, Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America, former USSR, Venezuela.

Spalangia nigra Latreille, 1805 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: Southern Khorasan (Ghahari et al., 2015a). General distribution: Australia, Austria, Barbados, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Grenada, Hawaii, Hungary, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Moldova, New Zealand, Peru, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Sweden, Switzerland, Trinidad and Tobago, United Kingdom, United States of America, former Yugoslavia.

Spalangia endius Walker, 1839 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: Iran (no specific locality) (Behbahani et al., 1993, 1995, 1998; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: American Samoa, Argentina, Australia, Brazil, British Virgin Islands, Canada, Canary Islands, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Ecuador, Fiji, France, Germany, Ghana, Guam, Hawaii, India, Indonesia, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Madeira, Malawi, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Mexico, Morocco, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Nigeria. Host records in Iran: Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) (Behbahani et al., 1993, 1995, 1998; Modarres Awal, 2012). Spalangia erythromera Förster, 1850 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: Lorestan (Ghahari et al., 2015a). General distribution: Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States of America, Venezuela, former Yugoslavia. Spalangia fuscipes Nees, 1834 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a).

Family Pteromalidae Dalman, 1820

Spalangia nigripes Curtis, 1839 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Ghahari et al., 2015a). General distribution: Austria, Belgium, Bosnia Hercegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia. Spalangia nigroaenea Curtis, 1839 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh, 2004; Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Antilles, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Costa Rica, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Egypt, Fiji, France, Germany, Ghana, Haiti, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Madeira, Malawi, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mexico, Morocco, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Puerto Rico, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Trinidad and Tobago, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Zambia.

339

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Host records in Iran: Parasitoid of Diptera (Modarres Awal, 2012). Spalangia rugulosa Förster, 1850 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Abolhassanzadeh et al., 2017). General distribution: Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, former Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, Serbia, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, former USSR, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia.

Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Ghahari and van Noort, 2011). General distribution: Botswana, Comoros, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Greece, Israel, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Syria, Tanzania, United Arab Emirates, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Plant associations in Iran: Ficus sp. (Moraceae) (Ghahari and van Noort, 2011). Subfamily Sycoryctinae Wiebes, 1966 Genus Apocrypta Coquerel, 1855

Spalangia subpunctata Förster, 1850 Catalogues with Iranian records: Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2008), Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: Chaharmal and Bakhtiari, Hormozgan, Tehran (Modarres Awal, 2012), East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh, 2004; Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008 – in alfalfa field; Modarres Awal, 2012), Iran (no specific locality) (Iranpour et al., 1991). General distribution: Belgium, Bulgaria, Caucasus, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Madeira, Moldova, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Tajikistan, Turkey, United Kingdom, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) (Iranpour et al., 1991; Modarres Awal, 2012). Subfamily Sycophaginae Walker, 1875 Genus Sycophaga Westwood, 1840 Sycophaga gigas (Mayr, 1906) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a, as Apocryptophagus gigas (Mayr, 1906)). Distribution in Iran: Sistan & Baluchestan (Ghahari and van Noort, 2011, as Apocryptophagus gigas (Mayr, 1906)). General distribution: Botswana, Comoros, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Plant associations in Iran: Ficus sp. (Moraceae) (Ghahari and van Noort, 2011). Sycophaga sycomori (Linnaeus, 1758) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a).

340

Apocrypta longitarsus Mayr, 1906 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Ghahari and van Noort, 2011), Kordestan (Nazemi-Rafi et al., 2011 – in alfalfa field). General distribution: Botswana, Cameroon, Comoros, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Israel, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, United Arab Emirates, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Plant associations in Iran: Ficus sp. (Moraceae) (Ghahari and van Noort, 2011). Genus Philotrypesis Förster, 1878 Philotrypesis caricae (Linnaeus, 1762) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2014b; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Caucasus, Central Asia, France, Israel, Italy, Russia, Ukraine, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Blastophaga psenes (L.) (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae) developing in Ficus carica (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2014b; Modarres Awal, 2012). Philotrypesis pilosa Mayr, 1906 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Ghahari et al., 2010b – was listed erroneously under Torymidae). General distribution: India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam. Host records in Iran: Ceratosolen solmsi (Mayr, 1885) (as Ceratosolen marchali Mayr in Ghahari et al., 2010b) (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae) in galls of Ficus sp. (Moraceae) (Ghahari et al., 2010b).

Chapter 16

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Genera and species excluded from the fauna of Iran The following taxa, whose records from Iran by different authors seem erroneous, are excluded from the fauna of Iran. Genus Aphobetus Howard, 1896 Aphobetus moundi (Bouček, 1988) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Reported distribution in Iran: Isfahan (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005). General distribution: Australia. Host records reported in Iran: Encarsia azimi Hayat (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) on Aleurolobus moundi David and Subramaniam (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005). Comments: Aphobetus moundi is restricted to the Australasian region and its presence in Iran is doubtful, unless introduced. The specimen examined by Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2005) was damaged and exact re-examination was not possible.

Host records reported in Iran: Galls of Cecidomyia testacea Walker (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) (Ghahari et al., 2010b). Comments: Re-examination of the specimens recorded by Ghahari et al. (2010b) proved they are misidentifications of Capellia cecidomyiae (Ratzeburg). We therefore exclude C. stigma from the fauna of Iran and transfer its data to C. cecidomyiae. Genus Euneura Walker, 1844 Euneura saetosa (Delucchi, 1955) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Reported distribution in Iran: Golestan (Sakenin et al., 2008b), Mazandaran (Sakenin et al., 2008a). General distribution: Germany. Comments: Re-examination of the specimens recorded by Sakenin et al. (2008a,b) proved to be misidentifications of Euneura lachni (Ashmead). We therefore exclude E. saetosa from the fauna of Iran and transfer its distribution data to E. lachni. Genus Guancheria Hedqvist, 1978

Genus Arthrolytus Thomson, 1878 Arthrolytus glandium Bouček, 1967 Catalogues with Iranian records: Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Reported distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Abolhassanzadeh et al., 2017). General distribution: Former Czechoslovakia, Slovakia, Spain. Comments: Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017) stated that A. glandium was recorded by BahriMotlagh et al. (2012b) from East Azarbaijan, but this species was never recorded by these authors and we therefore exclude this species from the fauna of Iran. Arthrolytus glandium is distributed in the former Czechoslovakia, Slovakia and Spain. Genus Capellia Delucchi, 1958 Capellia stigma Bouček, 1970 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Reported distribution in Iran: Razavi Khorasan (Ghahari et al., 2010b). General distribution: Russia, former USSR.

Family Pteromalidae Dalman, 1820

Guancheria sp. Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Reported distribution in Iran: Kerman (Jafari Nodooshan and Shaigan, 1993; Jafari Nodooshan et al., 1995). Host records reported in Iran: Kemania pistaciella Amsel (Lepidoptera: Tineidae) (Jafari Nodooshan and Shaigan, 1993; Jafari Nodooshan et al., 1995). Comments: Because there is only one described species in Guancheria, G. compressithorax Hedqvist, from the Canary Islands, its presence in Iran is doubtful. Genus Hypopteromalus Ashmead, 1900 Hypopteromalus sp. Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Reported distribution in Iran: Khuzestan (Malekzadeh, 1996; Mossadegh and Kocheili, 2003; Moravvej et al., 2016, 2018). Host records reported in Iran: Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) (Mossadegh and Kocheili, 2003).

341

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Comments: The genus Hypopteromalus consists of five valid species (Noyes, 2019), all of which are distributed in the Nearctic and Neotropical regions; presence of this genus in Iran is therefore unlikely unless introduced.

Comments: The genus Oxysychus consists of 30 species worldwide that are distributed in Australia, India and Spain (Noyes, 2019). We therefore exclude this genus from the fauna of Iran until new specimens are authoritatively identified from Iran.

Genus Mesopolobus Westwood, 1833 Mesopolobus arcanus Askew, 1997 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a), Abolhassanzadeh et al. (2017). Reported distribution in Iran: Fars (Alemansour et al., 2010). General distribution: Spain. Host records reported in Iran: Eurytoma sp. (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) on Epheda procera (Ephedraceae) (Alemansour et al., 2010). Comments: Mesopolobus arcanus is endemic to Spain and its presence in Iran is doubtful, unless introduced. Additionally, it is parasitoid only of Pteromalidae (Noyes, 2019) and is not a parasitoid of Eurytoma sp. as recorded by Alemansour et al. (2010).

Genus Thektogaster Delucchi, 1955 Thektogaster aberlenci Delvare, 1986 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Reported distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (AbdRabou et al., 2005). General distribution: France. Host records reported in Iran: Hylemyia cilicrura (Rondani) (Diptera: Anthomyidae) (Abd-Rabou et al., 2005). Comments: Re-examination of the specimens recorded by Abd-Rabou et al. (2005) proved they are misidentifications of Thektogaster chrysis (Förster). We therefore exclude T. aberlenci from the fauna of Iran and transfer its data to T. chrysis.

Genus Moranila Cameron, 1883 Moranila comperei (Ashmead, 1904) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Reported distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (AbdRabou and Ghahari, 2005). General distribution: Australia, New Zealand. Host records reported in Iran: Euderomphale chelidonii Erdős (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on Aleyrodes lonicerae Walker (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005). Comments: Re-examination of the specimens recorded by Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2005) proved they are a misidentification of Moranila californica (Howard). We therefore exclude M. comperei from the fauna of Iran and transfer all its distribution data to M. californica. Genus Oxysychus Delucchi, 1956 Oxysychus spp. Reported distribution in Iran: Markazi, Tehran (Radjabi, 1976, 1991; Modarres Awal, 1997). Host records reported in Iran: Sphenoptera davatchii Descarpentries and Sphenoptera kambyses Obenberger (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) (Radjabi, 1976, 1991; Modarres Awal, 1997).

342

Genus Thureonella Gijswijt, 1990 Thureonella sp. Reported distribution in Iran: Ilam (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2008). Comments: There is only one described species of Thureonella, T. punctata Gijswijt, which is restricted to Spain. Its presence in Iran is therefore doubtful and requires confirmation. Genus Trychnosoma Graham, 1957 Trychnosoma ernobii Hedqvist, 1974 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2015a). Reported distribution in Iran: Isfahan (Ghahari et al., 2010b). General distribution: Sweden. Host records reported in Iran: Ernobius mollis L. (Coleoptera: Ptinidae) on dried wood (Ghahari et al., 2010b). Comments: Re-examination of the specimens recorded by Ghahari et al. (2010b) proved they are misidentifications of Trychnosoma punctipleura (Thomson). We therefore exclude T. ernobii from the fauna of Iran and transfer its data to T. punctipleura.

Chapter 16

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

References Abd-Rabou, S. and Ghahari, H. (2005) A list of hyperparasitoids of whiteflies and coccids (Homoptera) in Iran, with special study on Iranian Ablerus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research 83, 311–317. Abd-Rabou, S., Ghahari, H., Huang, J. and Bouček, Z. (2005) New records of aphelinid and pteromalid wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Aphelinidae, Pteromalidae) from Iran. Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research 83, 1619–1623. Abd-Rabou, S., Samin, N., Sakenin Chelav, H., Amoughli Tabari, M., Trjapitzin, V.A. and Sureshan, P.M. (2019) New records of Encyrtidae, Eulophidae, Eurytomidae, Mymaridae, Pteromalidae and Torymidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Iran. Egyptian Journal of Plant Protection Research Institute 2, 648–652. Abolhassanzadeh, F., Madjdzadeh, S.M. and Dehdar, K. (2011) A new species of Sphegigaster (Hym.: Pteromalidae) and new record of Sphegigaster truncata from Iran. Proceedings of 2nd Iranian Pest Management Conference (IPMC), Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, pp. 357–361. Abolhassanzadeh, F., Lotfalizadeh, H. and Madjdzadeh, S.M. (2017) Updated checklist of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Iran, with some new records. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 3, 119–140, Afiunizadeh, M. and Karimzadeh, J. (2010) Larval and pupal parasitoids of Plutella xylostella (Lep.: Plutellidae) in Isfahan province, Iran. Plant Protection Journal 2, 79–97. Afiunizadeh, M., Karimzadeh, J. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2013) Mokrzeckia obscura (Hym.: Pteromalidae), a hyperparasitoid of diamondback moth and a new record from Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 33, 91. Akbari Asl, M.H., Talebi, A.A., Kamali, H. and Kazemi, S. (2009) Stored product pests and their parasitoid wasps in Mashhad, Iran. Advances in Environmental Biology 3, 239–243. Akbarzadeh Shoukat, Gh. (2011) Identification of the pupal parasitoid wasps of grape berry moth Lobesia botrana (Denis and Schiffermüller) (Lep., Tortricidae) in Orumieh vineyards. Journal of Entomological Research 3, 95–102. Akbarzadeh Shoukat, Gh., Horstmann, K. and Ebrahimi, E. (2008) Study on the pupal parasitoids of grape berry moth Lobesia botrana (Denis and Schiff.) and their role in an IPM program in vineyard. Proceedings of 18th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 24–27 August 2008, University of Bu-Ali Sina Hamedan, p. 21. Akbarzadeh Shoukat, Gh., Safarakizadeh, M.H., Ranjbar Aghdan, H. and Aramideh, Sh. (2015) Introduction parasitoid wasps belonging to the superfamily Chalcidoidea on grape berry moth, Lobesiana botrana

Family Pteromalidae Dalman, 1820

(Lep.: Tortricidae) from Urmia vineyards. Proceedings of the 1st Iranian International Congress of Entomology, p. 114. Akbarzadeh, K., Mirzakhanlou, A.A., Lotfalizadeh, H., Malekian, A., Hazratian, T. et al. (2017) Natural parasitism associated with species of Sarcophagidae family of Diptera in Iran. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 10, 134–137. Alemansour, H., Asadi, R. and Alehosein, S.A. (2010) Introduction of hymenopteran parasitoid of Eurytoma sp. (Hym.: Eurytomidae), a seed pest of medicinal plant Ephedra procera (Ephedraceae) in Fars province, Iran. Proceedings of the 19th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 31 July – 3 August 2010, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, p. 163. Alipanah, V., Nazemi-Rafie, J. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2013) First report of three pteromalid wasps from Iran. Journal of Plant Protection 26, 492–493 [in Persian, English summary]. Amini, S. (2017) Report of Moranila californica (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae) on Saissetia oleae in Rubar of Guilan province. Newsletter of Entomological Society of Iran 65, 4–5 [in Persian]. Amini, A., Sadeghi, H., Lotfalizadeh, H. and Notton, D. (2014) Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae, Diapriidae) of Carpomyia vesuviana Costa (Diptera: Tephritidae) in South Khorasan province of Iran. Biharian Biologist 8, 122–123. Amini, S., Nozari, J., Rahati, R. and Etemad, V. (2016) Investigation on parasitoids of bark beetles with new host record (Taphrorychus lenkoranus Reitter, 1913 (Curculionidae: Scolytinae)) record from northern forests of Iran. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 51, 235–246. Asadeh, G. (1991) Fauna of mealybugs, Pseudococcus spp., its predators and parasites in Khuzestan province. MSc thesis of Entomology, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz [in Persian, English summary]. Asadeh, Gh.A. and Mosaddegh, M.S. (1991a) The mealybugs, Pseudococcus spp. (Hom.: Pseudococcidae) fauna of Khuzestan province. The Scientific Journal of Agriculture 16, 47–52 [in Persian, English summary]. Asadeh, Gh.A. and Mosaddegh, M.S. (1991b) An investigation of the mealybugs, Pseudococcus spp., natural enemies fauna of Khuzestan province. The Scientific Journal of Agriculture 16, 77–81. [in Persian, English summary] Asadeh, G.A. and Mossadegh, M.S. (1993) Important natural enemies of mealybugs (Pseudococcus spp.) in the Khuzestan province, Iran. The Scientific Journal of Agriculture 16, 46–52 [in Persian, English summary]. Asemi, H. and Shojai, M. (2004) Introduction of a pupal parasitoid species of Sitophilus oryzae Linnaeus (Col.: Curculionidae) for Mazandaran province fauna, Iran. Proceedings of the 16th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 August – 1 September 2004, University of Tabriz, p. 141.

343

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Askew, R.R., Sadeghi, S.E. and Tavakoli, M. (2006) Chalcidoidea (Hym.) in galls of Diplolepis mayri (Schlechtendal) (Hym.: Cynipidae) in Iran, with the description of a new species of Pseudotorymus Masi (Hym.: Torymidae). Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 142, 1–6. Bagheri, M.R. and Nematollahi, M.R. (2006) Biology and damage rate of safflower shoot fly Acanthiophilus helianthi in Esfahan province. Proceedings of the 17th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 2–5 September 2006, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, p. 268. Bahri-Motlagh, S., Mehrvar, A. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2012a) New record of a subfamily and species of the family Pteromalidae (Hym.: Chalcidoidea) from Iran. Proceedings of the 20th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 26–29 August 2012, University of Shiraz, p. 143. Bahri-Motlagh, S., Lotfalizadeh, H. and Mehrvar, A. (2012b) New record of Anogmus laricis (Bouček) (Hym.: Pteromalidae) from Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 80, 101–102. Baur, H. (2005) Determination list of entomophagous insects. No. 14. IOBC/WPRS Bulletin 28, 11. Bayegan, Z.A., Lotfalizadeh, H., Zargaran, M.R. and Pooraiiouby, R. (2014) New record of the genus and species Callitula ferrierei (Bouček) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) from Iran. Journal of Crop Protection 3, 125–128. Behbahani, A.A., Tirgari S. and Ghasemi, J. (1993) First report on Iranian Spalangia endius Wal. a parasitoid of house fly pupae and the study toward their mass rearing (Hym.: Pteromalidae). Proceedings of the 11th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 August – 2 September 1993, University of Guilan, p. 296. Behbahani, A., Tirgary S. and Ghasemi, M.J. (1995) New record of Spalangia endius Walker (Hym.: Pteromalidae), pupal parasitoid of house fly and its biology and mass rearing in Iran. Proceedings of the 12th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 2–7 September 1995, Karaj Junior College of Agriculture, Karaj, p. 291. Behbahani, A.A., Tirgari S. and Ghassemi, M.J. (1998) An introduction to the biological control of house fly by wasps Spalangia endius in Iran (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Urmia Medical Journal 1–2, 55–61 [in Persian]. Booshi, S., Ramzani, L. and Zarghami, S. (2019) Natural enemies of Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley) (Hem.: Pseudococcidae) in Dezful. National Conference on Agricultural Industry and Commercialization, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Khuzestan, 18 December 2019, 7 pp. [in Persian]. Bouček, Z. (1988) Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). A Biosystematic Revision of Genera of Fourteen Families, with a Reclassification of Species. CAB International, London, 832 pp.

344

Bouček, Z. and Heydon, S.L. (1997) Family Pteromalidae. In: Gibson, G.A.P., Huber, J.T. and Wooley, J.B. (eds) Annotated Keys to the Genera of Nearctic Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). National Research Council Canada, NRC Research Press, Ottawa, pp. 541–692. Bouček, Z. and Rasplus, J.-Y. (1991) Illustrated Key to West-Palearctic Genera of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera – Chalcidoidea). Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Paris, 140 pp. Burks, B.D. (1979) Family Pteromalidae. In: Krombein, K.V., Hurd, P.D., Smith, D.R. and Burks, B.D. (eds) Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Vol. 1. Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, pp. 768–835. Cheraghi, A. and Esfandiari, M. (2018) The first report of parasitoid wasp Conomorium sp. on sugarcane stem borer Sesamia cretica. Proceedings of the 23rd Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 27–30 August 2018, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, p. 886. Damadzadeh, M., Fazeli, M.J. and Moghaddas, H. (1991) Introduction of Urolepis sp. a parasite of Ephydra afghanica Dahl. in Iran. Proceedings of the 10th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 1–5 September 1991, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, p. 29. Damavandian, M.R. and Feli Kohikheili, Z. (2015) New report of Cleonymus laticornis (Hym.: Pteromalidae) from Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 83, 81–82. Darsouei, R., Karimi, J. and Modarres Awal, M. (2011) A molecular approach for study the aphids of pome fruit orchards and their parasitoids in Mashhad. Proceedings of the 2nd Iranian Pest Management Conference (IPMC), Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, p. 65. Davatchi, A. and Shojai, M. (1969) Les Hyménoptères Entomophages de l'Iran (études faunistiques). Vol. 107. Faculty Agriculture, University Publishing, Tehran, 88 pp. [in Persian, French summary]. Davoodi, A., Talebi, A.A., Rajabi, Gh.R. and Fathipour, Y. (2004a) Host range of 12 chalcid wasps (Hym.: Chalcidoidea) on soft scale (Hom.: Coccidae) in Tehran and some other areas of Iran. Proceedings of the 13th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 23–27 August 1998, Karaj Junior College of Agriculture, p. 98. Davoodi, A., Talebi, A.A., Rajabi, Gh.R., Fathipour, Y., Rezaei, V. and Rakhshani, E. (2004b) An identification of parasitoids and hyperparasitoids of the most common soft scales (Hom., Coccidae) in Tehran and Guilan provinces. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science 35, 887–899. Davoodi, A., Talebi, A.A., Rajabi, Gh.R., Fathipour, Y., Rezaei, V. and Baur, H. (2004c) The first report of Moranila californica (Howard) (Hym., Pteromalidae) from Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 71, 31–32.

Chapter 16

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Dehdar, K. and Madjdzadeh, S.M. (2013) A contribution to the knowledge of the pteromalid wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae) of Kurdistan Province, Western Iran including new records. Biharean Biologist 7, 90–93. Dehdar, K. and Madjdzadeh, S.M. (2016) Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Kordestan province, western Iran. Far Eastern Entomologist 315, 11–20. Desjardins, C.A. (2007) Phylogenetics and classification of the world genera of Diparinae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 1647, 1–88. Desjardins, C.A., Regier J.C. and Mitter, C. (2007) Phylogeny of pteromalid parasitic wasps (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae): Initial evidence from four protein-coding nuclear genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 45, 454–469. Dezianian, A. and Sahragard, A. (2000) Investigation on natural enemies of the pistacia psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae in Damghan – Iran. Proceedings of the 14th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 5–8 September 2000, Isfahan University of Technology, p. 270. Dzhanokmen, K.A. (2002) Trophic links and probable directions of pteromalid biological evolution (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae). In: Melika, G. and Thuroczy, C. (eds) Parasitic Wasps. Evolution, Systematics, Biodiversity and Biological Control. International Symposium: ‘Parasitic Hymenoptera: Taxonomy and Biological Control’ (14–17 May 2001, Köszeg, Hungary). Agroinform, Budapest, pp. 102–110. Dzhanokmen, K.A. (2017a) Pteromalids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae) of Syrdarya-Kyzylkum and Betpakdala-Moyynkum desert territories in southern Kazakhstan. Israel Journal of Entomology 47, 107–131. Dzhanokmen, K.A. (2017b) Pteromalids (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae) of the Karatau Ridge and adjacent territories of the Talas Alatau Ridge in Western Tien Shan. Entomological Review 97, 794–817. Ebrahimi, E. (2014) Parasitoid and hyperparasitoid wasps of scale insects in Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum, Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 34, 73–83. Ebrahimi, S.H., Shahid Zandi, K.H. and Mehrnejad, M.R. (1998) Population fluctuations of natural enemies of pistachio psylla (Agonoscena targionii Licht.). Proceedings of the 13th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 23–27 August 1998, Karaj Junior College of Agriculture, p. 106. Ebrahimi, A., Lotfalizadeh, H., Moghaddam, M. and Kazemi, M.H. (2012a) Parasitoids of Sphaerolecanium prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe) (Hem.: Diaspididae) in East Azarbaijan. Proceedings of the 20th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 26–29 August 2012, University of Shiraz, p. 113. Ebrahimi, A., Lotfalizadeh, H., Kazemi, M.H. and Moghaddam, M. (2012b) Parasitoids of plum soft

Family Pteromalidae Dalman, 1820

scale, Sphaerolecanium prunastri (Hem.: Coccidae) in the north of Azarbaijan-e-Sharghi province, Iran. Journal of Crop Entomology 1, 49–58 [in Persian, English summary]. Emami, S.Y. and Mehrnejad, M.R. (2004) The situation of weed aphids parasitoid and hyperparasitoids in pistachio orchards of Kerman province. Proceedings of the 16th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 August – 1 September 2004, University of Tabriz, p. 19. Eslami, J. (1998) The proof of larval gregarism Dinarmus vagabundus (Pteromalidae, Hym.) and a study of some of its population problems. Proceedings of the 13th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 23–27 August 1998, Karaj Junior College of Agriculture, p. 70. Eyidozehi, K., Khormali, S., Ravan, S. and Barahoei, H. (2013) Introduction of seven wasps parasitoid species associated with stored food product pests in Golestan Province. Plant Pests Research 3, 69–72. Fallahzadeh, M., Shojai, M., Ostovan, H. and Kamali, K. (2008) Natural enemies of Planococcus ficus (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) in Fars province vineyards, Iran. Proceedings of the 18th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 24–27 August 2008, University of Bu-Ali Sina Hamedan, p. 79. Fallahzadeha, M., Japoshvili, G., Saghaei, N. and Daane, K.M. (2011) Natural enemies of Planococcus ficus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Fars province vineyards, Iran. Biocontrol Science and Technology 21, 427–433. Farahbakhsh, Gh. (1961) Family Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera). In: Farahbakhsh, Gh. (ed.) A Checklist of Economically Important Insects and other Enemies of Plants and Agricultural Products in Iran. Publication No. 1, Department of Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Tehran, pp. 126–127. Farid, A. (1987) Some bio-ecological features of citrus butterflies in south-east Iran. Entomologie et Phytopathologie Appliquées 54, 129–137. Farsi, A. (2010) Comparison of sampling methods of Brevicoryne brassicae L. on Brassica napus L. in Ahvaz. MSc thesis of Entomology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz [in Persian, English summary]. Farsi, A., Kocheili F., Nejadian, S.E. and Khajehzadeh, Y. (2010) Study on population dynamics of rape aphids and their natural enemies in Ahwaz. The Scientific Journal of Agriculture (Plant Protection) 32, 55–65. Feli Kohikheili, Z. and Damavandian, M.R. (2017) Parasitoids and hyperparasitoids associated with Ceroplastes sinensis Guer (Hem.: Coccidae) in Mazandaran province, Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 37, 151–153 [in Persian, English summary]. Ferrer-Suay, M., Selfa, J., Fadayivatan, S., Karimi, J. and Pujade-Villar, J. (2013) First records of Alloxysta ramulifera (Thomson, 1862) (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) and Asaphes vulgaris Walker, 1834 (Hymenoptera:

345

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Pteromalidae) from Iran. Linzer biologische Beiträge 45, 671–672. Freeman, J.A. (1958) Infestation of Stored Products in Iran. Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery and Food, London, 54 pp. Gauld, I.D. and Bolton, B. (1988) The Hymenoptera. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 332 pp. Ghafouri-Moghaddam, M., Lotfalizadeh, H. and Rakhshani, E. (2014) A survey on hyperparasitoids of the poplar spiral gall aphid, Pemphigus spyrothecae Passerini (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Northwest Iran. Journal of Crop Protection 3, 369–376. Ghahari, H. (2004) Notes on fifteen species of parasitoids and one species of hyperparasitoid (Pteromalidae and Encyrtidae) from Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 71, 33–34. Ghahari, H. (2012) A contribution to the knowledge of Pteromalidae and Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from some regions of Iran. Calodema 202, 1–3. Ghahari, H. (2014) A faunistic study on Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Iran. Biosystematica 8, 45–50. Ghahari, H. (2019) Faunistic survey of parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera) in forest areas of Mazandaran province, northern Iran. Iranian Journal of Forest 11, 61–79 [in Persian, English summary]. Ghahari, H. and Huang, J. (2012) A study of the Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from western and northwestern Iran. Archives of Biological Sciences 64, 353–357. Ghahari, H. and Tabari, M. (2019) A study on the fauna of predator bugs (Heteroptera) and parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera) in paddy fields of Mazandaran. Plant and Ecosystem 59, 27–38 [in Persian, English summary]. Ghahari, H. and van Noort, S. (2011) A comment on Iranian fig wasps (Chalcidoidea: Agaonidae, Pteromalidae). Linzer biologische Beiträge 43, 1247–1252. Ghahari, H., Huang, J., Ostovan, H. and Rastegar, J. (2010a) Notes on the Iranian fauna of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera). Efflatounia 10, 21–25. Ghahari, H., Abd-Rabou, S., Sakenin, H., Hedqvist, K.J. and Ostovan, H. (2010b) A contribution to some Chalcidoidea wasps (Hymenoptera) from Iran. Journal of Biological Control 24, 17–21. Ghahari, H., Cetin Erdogan, O., Šedivý, J. and Ostovan, H. (2010c) Survey of the Ichneumonoidea and Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) parasitoid of Saturniidae (Lepidoptera) in Iran. Efflatounia 10, 1–6. Ghahari, H., Doğanlar, M., Sureshan, P.M. and Ostovan, H. (2015a) An annotated catalogue of the Iranian Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Entomofauna (Supplement) 19, 1–101. Ghahari, H., Volkovitsh, M. and Bellamy, C.L. (2015b) An annotated catalogue of the Buprestidae of Iran (Coleoptera: Buprestoidea). Zootaxa 3984, 1–141.

346

Ghajarieh, H., Ghanbari, Gh. and Alichi, M. (2014) A study of natural enemies of Nipaecoccus viridis Newstead and their activities in Iran. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences 7, 955–962. Gharali, B. (2004) Study natural enemies of safflower shoot flies in Ilam province. Proceedings of the 16th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 August – 1 September 2004, University of Tabriz, p. 54. Gharizadeh, E. and Hesami, Sh. (2003) Report of Metastenus concinnus (Hym: Pteromalidae) parasitoid of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri in Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 22, 85–86. Gibson, G.A.P. (2000) Differentiation of the species of Urolepis (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae), potential biocontrol agents of filth flies (Diptera: Muscidae). The Canadian Entomologist 132, 391–410. Gibson, G.A.P. (2003) Phylogenetics and Classification of Cleonyminae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae). Memoirs on Entomology, International, Vol. 16. Associated Publishers, Gainesville, Florida, 339 pp. Gibson, G.A.P. (2009) Revision of New World Spalangiinae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 2259, 1–159. Gibson, G.A.P., Heraty, J.M. and Woolley, J.B. (1999) Phylogenetics and classification of Chalcidoidea and Mymarommatoidea – a review of current concepts (Hymenoptera, Apocrita). Zoologica Scripta 28, 87–124. Godfray, H.C.J. (1994) Parasitoids, Behavioral and Evolutionary Ecology. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 473 pp. Goldansaz, H., Esmaili, M. and Ebadi, R. (1996) Lesser wax moth, Achroia grisella Fab. and its parasitic wasps. Proceedings of XX International Congress of Entomology, Firenze, Italy, August 25–31, p. 663. Golestaneh, S.R., Sadeghi, S.E., Azizkhani, E. and Farrar, N. (2008) Oak cynipid gall wasps (Hym.: Cynipidae) and associated parasitoids on Persian oak, Quercus brantii in southern Zagros. Iranian Journal of Forest and Range Protection Research 6, 20–28. Goulet, H. and Huber, J.T. (1993) Hymenoptera of the World: An Identification Guide to Families. Research Branch Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, 660 pp. Graham, M.W.R. de V. (1969) The Pteromalidae of NorthWestern Europe (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomological series, Supplement 16, 908 pp. Habibpour, B., Kamali K. and Meidani, J. (2002) Insects and Mites Associated with Stored Products and their Arthropod Parasites and Predators in Khuzestan Province (Iran). Bulletin 25, Section Regionale Ouest Palaearctique, Organisation Internationale de Lutte Biologique [International Organisation for Biological Control/West Palaearctic Regional Section (IOBC/ WPRS)], Paris, pp. 89–91. Hadi, O., Kazemi, M.-H. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2017) New record of the genus and species of Ksenoplata

Chapter 16

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

quadrata Bouček (Hym.: Pteromalidae) on Ephedra major in Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 84, 359–361. Haeselbarth, E. (ed.) (1989) Determination List of Entomophagous Insects. No. 11. Bulletin 12, Section Regionale Ouest Palaearctique, Organisation Internationale de Lutte Biologique [International Organisation for Biological Control/West Palaearctic Regional Section (IOBC/WPRS)], Paris, 62 pp. Hanson, P.E. and Gauld, I.D. (1995) The Hymenoptera of Costa Rica. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 893 pp. Hasani, A. and Madjdzadeh, S.M. (2011a) Six new species records of Pteromalinae and Microgasterinae for Iranian fauna. Proceedings of the 2nd Iranian Pest Management Conference (IPMC), Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, pp. 245–250. Hasani, A. and Madjdzadeh, S.M. (2011b) A study of three genera of Pteromalinae (Hym.: Pteromalidae) and new records for Iran. Proceedings of the 2nd Iranian Pest Management Conference (IPMC), Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, pp. 351–356. Hasani, A. and Madjdzadeh, S.M. (2012) Contribution to the knowledge of the Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Khorasan Razavi province, northeastern Iran. Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics 8, 57–69. Hasani, A., Mitroiu, M.-D. and Madjdzadeh, S.M. (2011) New records of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from northeastern Iran. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica 63, 323–325. Hashemi, S.M. and Lotfalizadeh, S.M. (2014) Hymenopterous parasitoids of Oxystoma ochropus (Germar) (Col.: Brentidae) in Ardabil province. Proceedings of the 21st Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 23–26 August 2014, Urmia University, p. 728. Hassan-Pashai-Mehr, M. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2015) Discovery of Habritys brevicornis (Ratzeburg, 1844) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in the Middle-East. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 1, 33–36. Heidari, S., Fathipour Y., Sadeghi S.E. and Baur, H. (2004) Report of Pteromalus bifoveolatus (Hym.: Pteromalidae) from Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 24, 133–134. Heraty, J.M., Burks, R.A., Craud, A., Gibson, G.A.P., Liljeblad, J. et al. (2013) A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Cladistics 1–77. Herting, B. (1973) A Catalogue of Parasites and Predators of Terrestrial Arthropods. Section A: Host or Prey/Enemy. Vol. III: Coleoptera to Strepsiptera. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Farnham Royal, UK. Hesami, Sh. and Fallahzadeh, M. (2004) Hyperparasitoids of Anagyrus spp. (Hym.: Encyrtidae), the parasitoids of mealybugs (Hom.: Pseudococcidae) in Fars province. Proceedings of the 16th Iranian Plant Protection

Family Pteromalidae Dalman, 1820

Congress, 28 August – 1 September 2004, University of Tabriz, p. 56. Hesami, S., Yefremova, Z., Ebrahimi, E. and Ostovan, H. (2006) Little known and new species of Eulophidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) from Iran. Entomofauna 27, 393–402. Hesami, S., Mohammadi Khoramabadi, A. and Seyedebrahimi, S. (2008) Report of two chalcid wasps (Hym.: Chalcidoidea) from fig soft scale in Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 28, 79–50 [in Persian, English summary]. Hesami, S., Seyedebrahimi, S., Gheibi, M. and Zareie, R. (2010a) Occurrence of four species of Hymenoptera associated with Astragalus meridionalis in Fars province of Iran. Proceedings of the 19th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 31 July – 3 August 2010, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, p. 124. Hesami, S., Gheibi, M., Behzadi, M.R. and Seyedebrahimi, S. (2010b) Rose gall wasp, Diplolepis rosae (Hym., Cynipidae) and its associated wasps in Iran. Proceedings of IX European Congress of Entomology, August 22–27, Budapest, Hungary, p. 228. Heydon, S.L. (1989) Relationships among Holarctic genera in the Cyrtogaster-group with a review of the species of North America north of Mexico (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society 97, 192–217. Huber, J.T. and Vayssieres, J.F. (1990) Life cycle and host specificity of the heliotrope weevil Pachycerus cordiger equals madidius auct. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Entomophaga 35(3), 475–484. Imani, B. (2000) Mortality factors affecting alfalfa leaf cutting bee (Megachile rotundata F.: Megachilidae). Proceedings of the 14th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 5–8 September 2000, Isfahan University of Technology, p. 25. Iranpour, M., Tirgary, S. and Shaeyghi, M. (1991) First attempt on the study of the biology and mass rearing of two Iranian parasitoids of house fly pupae. Proceedings of the 10th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 1–5 September 1991, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, p. 14. Jafari Nodooshan, A. and Shaigan, A. (1993) Introduce some parasitoids of Kemania pistaciella Amsel. Proceedings of the 11th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 August – 2 September 1993, University of Guilan, p. 191. Jafari Nodooshan, A., Mirzaii, R. and Hagabdollahi, M.A. (1995) Determining of parasitism percentage of Kermania pistaciella in Rafsanjan. Proceedings of the 12th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 2–7 September 1995, Karaj Junior College of Agriculture, Karaj, p. 207. Jafari Nodooshan, A., Abyar, Gh. and Shams-Zadeh, M. (2012) Introduce some parasitoids of Kermania pistaciella Amsel in Yazd province. Proceedings of the 20th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 26–29 August 2012, University of Shiraz, p. 130.

347

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Jafari, N., Lotfalizadeh, H., Karimpour, Y. and Gharali, B. (2015) Natural enemies of the Comstock mealybug, Pseudococcus comstocki (Hem.: Pseudococcidae), an important pest of mulberries in Tabriz, Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 83, 87–96 [in Persian, English summary]. Jalaeian, M., Basirat, M. and Joyandeh, A. (2011) Introduction of natural enemies of the common pistachio psylla (Agonoscena pistaciae (Hem.: Psyllidae)) in Khorasan Razavi province (Iran). Proceedings of 2nd Iranian Pest Management Conference (IPMC), 14–15 September 2011, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, p. 56. Jalilvand, N. and Gholipour, Y. (2002) Pistachio production in Iran: II. Main Iranian pistachio pests. NUCIS Newsletter 11, 23–25. Jalilvand, K., Shirazi, M., Vahedi, H.A., Fallahzadeh, M., Naghadeh, N.M. and Samih, M.A. (2013) A preliminary study on natural enemies of Coccoidea (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha) in Kermanshah province, western Iran. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 48, 299–308. Jalilvand, K., Shirazi, M., Fallahzadeh, M., Vahedi, H.A., Samih, M.A. and Naghadeh, N.M. (2014) Survey of natural enemies of mealybug species (Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae) in Kermanshah province, western Iran to inform biological control research. Journal of the Entomological Research Society 16, 1–10. Jozeyan, A., Vafaei Shoushtari, R. and Askari, H. (2017) The survey of oak wood borer beetles and natural enemies in the forest of Ilam Province. Iranian Journal of Forest and Range Protection Research 14, 107–121. Kamangar, S., Lotfalizadeh, H., Mohammadi-Khoramabadi, A. and Seyedi-Sahebari, F. (2017) Parasitoids of Tortrix viridana L. in Kurdistan province. Iranian Journal of Forest and Range Protection Research 15, 176–186 [in Persian, English summary]. Karimpour, Y. (2018) Notes on life history, host plants and parasitoids of Malacosoma castrensis L. (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) in Urmia region, Iran. Biharean Biologist 12, 79–83. Karimpour, Y. and Hydone, S. (2005) Report of Pteromalus bifoveolatus (Hym.: Pteromalidae) from Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 25, 57–58. Kazemi, F., Talebi, A.A., Fathipour, Y. and Moharramipor, S. (2004) Host stage preference and functional response of Anisopteromalus calandrae (Hym.: Pteromalidae), a larval parasitoid of Callosobruchus maculatus (Col.: Bruchidae) on chickpea in laboratory condition. Proceedings of the 16th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 August – 1 September 2004, University of Tabriz, p. 29. Kazemi, F., Talebi, A.A. and Fathipour, Y. (2008) Biology and behaviour of Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) (Hym.: Pteromalidae), parasitoid of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Col.: Bruchidae) on chickpea. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural

348

Resources 45, 313–322 [in Persian, English summary]. Kazemi, F., Talebi, A.A. and Fathipour, Y. (2010) The reproduction and population growth parameters of Anisopteromalus calandrae (Hym.: Pteromalidae), a parasitoid of Callosobruchus maculatus (Col.: Bruchidae). Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 29, 1–10. Kazemzadeh, H. (2003) Natural enemies of Brevicoryne brassica on Brassica napus L. and their predation potential in Ahwaz area. MSc thesis of Entomology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz [in Persian, English summary]. Keyhanian, A.A. (2013) Report of larval parasitoid of Bactrocera oleae (Dip.: Tephritidae). Newsletter of Entomological Society of Iran 50, p. 2 [in Persian]. Keyhanian, A.A., Taghaddosi, M.V. and Farzaneh, A. (1995) The study of the biology and ecology of olive psyllid (Euphyllura olivina Costa) (Hom.: Aphalaridae) and of its natural enemies in Tarom Olya Zandjan. Proceedings of the 12th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 2–7 September 1995, Karaj Junior College of Agriculture, Karaj, p. 191. Khajehali, J. and Poorjavad, N. (2015) Identification and seasonal fluctuations of natural enemies of elm aphid, Tinocallis nevskyi (Hem.: Aphididae) in Shahrekord. Plant Pests Research 5, 1–12 [in Persian, English summary]. Khanjani, M. (2006) Field Crop Pests in Iran. 3rd edn. Bu-Ali Sina University Publication, Hamedan, Iran, 719 pp. Khatima, A. and Reza, M. (2015) An overview on pest insect fauna of safflower fields in Iran. African Journal of Insects 2, 34–38. Kishani Farahani, H., Goldansaz, S.H., Sabahi, G. and Baur, H. (2009) First report of Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Hym.: Pteromalidae) from Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 29, 117–118 [in Persian, English summary]. Kishani Farahani, H., Goldansaz, H., Sabahi, Gh. and Shakeri, M. (2010) Study on the larval parasitoids of carob moth Ectomyelois ceratoniae Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Varamin, Qom and Saveh. Iranian Journal of Plant Protection Science 41, 337– 344 [in Persian, English summary]. Krogmann, L. and Vilhelmsen, L. (2006) Phylogenetic implications of the mesosomal skeleton in Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera, Apocrita) tree searches in a jungle of homoplasy. Invertebrate Systematics 20, 615–674. Lotfalizadeh, H. (2000) Lacewings parasitoids (Neu.: Chrysopidae) in Shiraz. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 19, 31–44 [in Persian, English summary]. Lotfalizadeh, H. (2002a) Natural enemies of cotton aphids in Moghan region. Proceedings of the 15th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 7–11 September 2002, Razi University of Kermanshah, pp. 36–37.

Chapter 16

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Lotfalizadeh, H. (2002b) Parasitoids of cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) (Hom.: Aphididae) in Moghan region. Agricultural Science 12, 15–25. Lotfalizadeh, H. (2004) Introduction of two species of the genus Spalangia Lat. (Hym.: Pteromalidae) from Iran. Proceedings of the 16th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 August – 1 September 2004, University of Tabriz, p. 114. Lotfalizadeh, H. (2015) Review of the Iranian Pteromalinae with spiculated antennae, and description of a new species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 4013, 428–434. Lotfalizadeh, H. and Abai, M. (2008) New distribution records of two chalcid parasitoids (Hym.: Chalcidoidea) of two forest pests in Iran. Proceedings of the 18th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 24–27 August 2008, University of Bu-Ali Sina Hamedan, p. 103. Lotfalizadeh, H. and Ahmadi, A.A. (1998) New record of Schizonotus sieboldi Ratzburg (Hym.: Pteromalidae), pupal parasitoid of popular beetle, Chrysomela populi L. (Col.: Chrysomelidae) from Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 66, 45–46. Lotfalizadeh, H. and Ahmadi, A.A. (2000) Natural enemies of cypress tree mealybug, Planococcus vovae (Nasonov), and their parasitoids in Shiraz, Iran. Iran Agricultural Research 19, 145–154. Lotfalizadeh, H. and Gharali, B. (2008) Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Iran: new records and a preliminary checklist. Entomofauna 29, 93–120. Lotfalizadeh, H. and Gharali, B. (2014) Hymenopterous parasitoids of safflower seed pests in Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 82, 1–14. Lotfalizadeh, H. and Hashemi, S.M. (2015) Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of the seed eater weevil, Oxystoma ochropus (Germar) (Coleoptera: Apionidae) in northwestern Iran. Acta Entomologica Serbica 20, 145–150. Lotfalizadeh, H. and Hosseini, F. (2014) Chalcidoid parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of Etiella zinckenella (Treitschke) (Lep.: Pyralidae) on Sophora alopecuroides L. in Iran. North-Western Journal of Zoology 10, 251–258. Lotfalizadeh, H. and Kazemi, M.H. (2010) Hymenopterous parasitoids of safflower fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Iran. Proceedings of the 7th International Congress of Hymenopterists, 20–26 June 2010, Köszeg, Hungary, p. 96. Lotfalizadeh, H. and Khalghani, J. (2008) Hymenopterous parasitoids (Hym.: Chalcidoidea) of xylophagous beetles in Iran. Entomofauna 29, 249–264. Lotfalizadeh, H. and Mehrvar, A. (2006) First occurrence of two pteromalid species (Hym.: Chalcidoidea) in Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 26, 95–96. Lotfalizadeh, H., Rasplus, J.-Y. and Delvare, G. (2006) Rose gall wasps and their associated fauna (Hymenoptera) in Iran. Redia LXXXIX, 73–85.

Family Pteromalidae Dalman, 1820

Lotfalizadeh, H., Avand Faghih, A., Roushandel, S. and Jafari Nadoushan, A. (2008) Parasitoids of the almond seed wasp, Eurytoma amygdali Enderlein (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 75, 41–42. Lotfalizadeh, H., Rajabi, M. and Mehrnejad, S.M. (2012) Parasitoid community of Diplolepis fructuum (Rübsaamen) (Hym.: Cynipidae) in Kerman Province, with checklist of associated Hymenoptera fauna in Iran. North-Western Journal of Zoology 8, 125–131. Lotfalizadeh, H., Zargaran, M.R. and Taghizadeh, M. (2014a) Species diversity of Coccoidea parasitoids wasps (Hym.: Chalcidoidea) in the northern parts of East-Azarbaijan province, Iran. North-Western Journal of Zoology 10, 60–66. Lotfalizadeh, H., Hosseini, F. and Raspelus, J.-Y. (2014b) The subfamily Sycoryctinae (Hym.: Pteromalidae): new record for Iranian fauna. Proceedings of the 21st Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 23–26 August 2014, Urmia University, p. 678. Lotfalizadeh, H., Zargaran, M.R. and Taghizadeh, M. (2014c) Species diversity of Coccoidea parasitoids wasps (Hym.: Chalcidoidea) in the northern parts of East-Azarbaijan province, Iran. North-Western Journal of Zoology 10, 60–66. Lotfalizadeh, H., Pourhaji, A. and Zargaran, M.-R. (2015) Hymenopterous parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Eulophidae, Pteromalidae) of the alfalfa leafminers in Iran and their diversity. Far Eastern Entomologist 288, 1–24. Lotfalizadeh, H., Bayegan, Z.A. and Zargaran, M.R. (2016) Species diversity of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) in the rice fields of Iran. Journal of Entomological Research Society 18, 99–111. Lotfalizadeh, H., Alehosein, S.A. and Fallahzadeh, M. (2017) Two new records of the subfamily Cleonyminae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) from Iran. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 3, 41–45. Lotfalizadeh, H., Rasplus, J.-Y. and Asadi-Farfar, M. (2019a) Review of the genus Notanisus Walker, 1837 (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in Iran. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 5, 59–68. Lotfalizadeh, H., Iranpour, A. and MohammadiKhoramabadi, A. (2019b) First reports of temporally soil-dwelling Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Biharean Biologist 13, 89–93. Lotfalizadeh, H., Tavakoli-Korghond, G. and Mokhtari, A. (2019c) On the parasitoid complex (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Anophococcus abaii (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae), with description of Metaphycus anophococcusi Lotfalizadeh, n. sp. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (N.S.) 55, 317–326. Mahdavi, M. and Madjdzadeh, S.M. (2013) Contribution to the knowledge of Chalcidoidea (Pteromalidae and Eupelmidae) of Iran. North-Western Journal of Zoology 9, 94–98.

349

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Mahdavi, M., Madjdzadeh, S.M. and Mitroiu, M.-D. (2015) Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) associated with plant galls in the south-eastern Iran, with three new records. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 1, 47–54. Malkeshi, S.H., Ebrahimi, A., Rezvani, A. and Talebi, A.A. (2000) Introduction of Syrphidae parasitoids wasps from Bojnurd pome fruit trees orchards. Proceedings of the 14th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 5–8 September 2000, Isfahan University of Technology, p. 263. Malekzadeh, M.R. (1996) Biology of Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lep. Gracillariidae) and its natural enemies in Khuzestan province. MSc thesis of Entomology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz [in Persian, English summary]. Mashhadi-Jafarloo, M. and Talebi-Chaichi, P. (2002) Bioecology of Dibrachys boarmiae (Walker) (Hym.: Pteromalidae) in East Azarbaidjan. Proceedings of the 15th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 7–11 September 2002, Razi University of Kermanshah, pp. 86–87. Mashhadi-Jafarloo, M. and Talebi-Chaichi, P. (2003) Biological characteristics of Dibrachys boarmiae (Hym.: Pteromalidae), an active parasitoid of codling moth fully developed larvae. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 71, 113–123 [in Persian, English summary]. Mehrnejad, M.R. (2002) The natural parasitism ratio of the pistachio twig borer moth, Kermania pistaciella, in Iran. Acta Horticulturae 591, 541–544. Mehrnejad, M.R. (2003) The influence of host species of some biological and behavioural aspects of Dibrachys boarmiae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), parasitoid of Kermania pistaciella (Lepidoptera: Tineidae). Biocontrol Science and Technology 13, 219–229. Mehrnejad, M.R. (2008) The primary and secondary parasitoids of the pistachio twig borer moth, Kermania pistaciella Amsel (I). Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 75, 158–159 [in Persian, English summary]. Mehrnejad, M.R. (2009) The primary and secondary parasitoids of the pistachio twig borer moth, Kermania pistaciella Amsel (II). Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 76, 135–136 [in Persian, English summary]. Mehrnejad, M.R. and Basirat, M. (2009) Parasitoid complex of the pistachio twig borer moth, Kermania pistaciella, in Iran. Biocontrol Science and Technology 19, 499–510. Mirabzadeh, A. (1989) Natural enemies of megachile bees. Proceedings of the 9th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 9–14 September 1989, Mashhad, p. 56 [in Persian]. Mirkarimi, A. (1998) Description of egg and larval stages of Asaphes suspensus (Nees) (Hym.: Pteromalidae), hyperparasitoid of potato aphid in laboratory. Proceedings of the 13th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 23–27 August 1998, Karaj Junior College of Agriculture, p. 98.

350

Mitroiu, M.-D. (2011) Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) new to Romania (VI). Analele Stiintifice ale Universitatii Alexandru Ioan Cuza, Iasi, Serie Noua, Sectiunea I Biologie Animala LVII, 15–17. Mitroiu, M.-D., Abolhassanzadeh, F. and Madjdzadeh, S.M. (2011) New records of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Iran, with description of a new species. North-Western Journal of Zoology 7, 243–249. Modarres Awal, M. (1997) Family Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera) [pp. 278–279], family Spalangidae [p. 281]. In: Modarres Awal, M. (ed.) List of Agricultural Pests and their Natural Enemies in Iran. 2nd edn. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, Iran, 429 pp. Modarres Awal, M. (2012) Family Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera) [pp. 512–515], family Spalangidae [p. 518]. In: Modarres Awal, M. (ed.) List of Agricultural Pests and their Natural Enemies in Iran. 3rd edn. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, Iran, 759 pp. Mohammadi, R., Lotfalizadeh, H. and Pashaii-Rad, S. (2011) Hymenopterous parasitoids associated with rose gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) at the north of West-Azerbaijan province: composition of species and their seasonal changes. Journal of Crop Field Entomology 1, 17–30 [in Persian, English summary]. Mohammadi-Khoramabadi, A., Lotfalizadeh, H., Gharali, B. and Moghaddam, M. (2014) Two new records of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) from Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 34, 75–76. Mohammadi-Khoramabadi, A., Lotfalizadeh, H. and Gharali, B. (2016) A study on parasitoids of the hoverflies (Dipt.: Syrphidae) and their natural effects on them in organic aphid infested lettuce farms of Yazd province, Iran. Entomologia Generalis 36, 107–115. Monajemi, N. (1975) Contribution à l’étude des hyménoptères parasites de Hypera postica (Col.: Curculionidae) en Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 2, 85–99. Moravvej, A., Shishehbor, P. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2016) A checklist of Chalcidoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Khuzestan in southwestern Iran. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematic 2, 121–142. Moravvej, S.A., Lotfalizadeh, H. and Shishehbor, P. (2018) A contribution to the study of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Khuzestan in southwestern Iran. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 4, 91–97. Mosaddegh, M.S. (1993) Some aphid parasites (parasitoids) in the Khuzestan province, Southwest Iran. The Scientific Journal of Agriculture 16, 42–46 [in Persian, English summary]. Mossadegh, M.S. and Kocheili, F. (2003) A Semi Descriptive Checklist of Identified Species of Arthropods (Agricultural, Medical, …) and other Pests from Khuzestan, Iran. Shahid Chamran University Press, Ahvaz, 475 pp. [in Persian]. Mossadegh, M.S., Vafaei, S., Farsi, A., Zarghami, S., Esfandiari, M. et al. (2015) Phenacoccus solenopsis

Chapter 16

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Tinsley (Sternorrhyncha: Pseudococcidae), its natural enemies and host plants in Iran. Proceedings of the 1st Iranian International Congress of Entomology, pp. 159–167. Munro, J.B., Heraty, J.M., Burks, R.A., Hawks, D., Mottern, J. et al. (2011) A molecular phylogeny of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). PLoS ONE 6, e27023. Muştu, M., Kilinçer, A.N., Kaydan, M.B. and Japoshvili, G. (2011) New record of Pachyneuron grande Thomson, 1878 (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae: Pteromalinae) from Turkey. Türkiye Entomoloji Bülteni 1, 123–124. Narendran, T.C., Santhosh, S., Abhilash, P., Sheeba, M. and Jilcy, M.C. (2007) A review of Pachyneuron species (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) of Middle East. Journal of Environment and Sociobiology 4, 119–138. Nazemi-Rafi, J. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2010) Oodera monstrum Nikol’skaya, 1952 (Hym.: Pteromalidae): a new generic and specific record for Iran. Proceedings of the 19th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 31 July – 3 August 2010, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, p. 145. Nazemi-Rafie, J., Talebi, A.A., Sadeghi, E. and Melika, G. (2007) Parasitoids (Hym., Chalcidoidea) reared from oak gall wasps (Hym., Cynipidae) in west of Iran, with five new species records. Journal of Entomological Research Society 9, 43–56. Nazemi-Rafi, J., Alipanah, V. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2011) Report of five species of Pteromalidae (Hym.: Chalcidoidea) new for the Iranian fauna. Plant Protection Journal 3, 211–222 [in Persian, English summary]. Nematollahi, M.R. (2010) Insect community structure in safflower fields of Esfahan province, Iran. Proceedings of the 19th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 31 July – 3 August 2010, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, p. 620. Nematollahi, M.R. and Bagheri, M.R. (2018) Distribution and population density of safflower pests and their natural enemies in Isfahan province, Iran. Applied Researches in Plant Protection 7, 91–101 [in Persian, English summary]. Nikdel, M., Sadaghian, B. and Dordaei, A. (2004) Collection and identification of brown-tail moth’s natural enemies in Arasbaran forest. The Joint Agriculture and Natural Resources Symposium, Tabriz, Ganja, pp. 1–5. Nikdel, M., Sadaghian, B., Dordaei, A.A., Askari, H. and Baur, H. (2007) Report of Conomorium patulum (Hym.: Pteromalidae) from Iran. Iranian Journal of Forest and Range Protection Research 4, 123–124. Nikdel, M., Sadaghian, B., Dordaei, A.A. and Askari, H. (2008) Identification, distribution and evaluation of natural enemies associated with Euproctis chrysorrhoea (Lep.: Lymantriidae) in Arasbaran forests of Iran. Iranian Journal of Forest and Range Protection Research 5, 114–125 [in Persian, English summary].

Family Pteromalidae Dalman, 1820

Novin, M., Mossadegh, M.S., Karimi Nejad, M. and Ghaemi Nejad, M. (2000) Natural enemies of Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead) in north of Khuzestan. Proceedings of the 13th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 23–27 August 1998, Karaj Junior College of Agriculture, p. 264. Noyes, J.S. (2019) Universal Chalcidoidea Database. Available at: www.nhm.ac.uk/chalcidoids (accessed December 2019). OILB (1971) Liste d’identification des Entomophages 8. Organisation Internationale de Lutte Biologique, Geneva, pp. 1–64. Peters, R.S. and Baur, H. (2011) A revision of the Dibrachys cavus species complex (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 2937, 1–30. Pirhadi, A., Rajabi, G., Ebrahimi, E., Ostovan, H., Shekarian, B. et al. (2008) Natural enemies of cereal leaf miner Syringopais temperatella Led. (Lep.: Elachistidae) in Lorestan province. Proceedings of the 18th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 24–27 August 2008, University of Bu-Ali Sina Hamedan, p. 71. Radjabi, Gh. (1976) Xylophagous Insects of Rosaceous Fruit Trees in Iran. Plant Pests and Disease Research Institute Publication, Tehran, 214 pp. [in Persian]. Radjabi, Gh. (1991) Insects Attacking Rosaceous Fruit Trees in Iran. Vol. 1. Coleoptera. 2nd edn. Plant Pests and Disease Research Institute Publication, Tehran, 221 pp. [in Persian]. Rahmani, Z., Rakhshani, E., Lotfalizadeh, H. and Mokhtari, A. (2019a) The genus Colotrechnus Thomson, 1878 (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in the North- and South-Eastern provinces of Iran. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 5, 211–219. Rahmani, Z., Rakhshani, E., Lotfalizadeh, H. and Mokhtari, A. (2019b) Two small genera, Ischyroptyx Delucchi and Novitzkyanus Bouček (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) new to fauna of Iran. Oriental Insects, doi.org/10.1080/00305316.2019.1697767 Rakhshani, E., Talebi, A.A., Sadeghi, E., Ebrahimi, E. and Rhurczy, S. (2003) Report of five wasp species associated with dog rose galls in Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 23, 108. Rakhshani, E., Talebi, A.A., Sadeghi, E., Kavallieratos, N.G. and Rashed, A. (2004) Seasonal parasitism and hyperparasitism of walnut aphid, Chromaphis juglandicola (Kaltenbach) (Hom., Aphididae) in Tehran province. Journal of the Entomological Society of Iran 23, 1–11. Rakhshani, E., Talebi, A.A., Stary, P., Manzari, S. and Rezvani, A. (2005) Re-description and biocontrol information of Pauesia antennata (Mukerji) (Hym., Braconidae, Aphidiinae), parasitoid of Pterochloroides persicae (Chol.) (Hom., Aphidoidea, Lachnidae). Journal of the Entomological Research Society 7, 59–69. Ranji, H., Karimpur, Y. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2016) Halticoptera andriescui Mitroiu (Hym.: Pteromalidae)

351

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

a new parasitoid of Chromatomyia horticola (Goureau) (Dip.: Agromyzidae). Entomologia Generalis 36, 91–95. Rasplus, J.-Y., Kerdelhue, C., Clainche, I.L. and Mondor, G. (1998) Molecular phylogeny of fig wasps. Agaonidae are not monophyletic. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, Paris 321, 517–527. Razmi, M., Karimpour, Y., Safaralizadeh, M.H. and Safavi, S.A. (2011a) Parasitoid complex of cabbage large white butterfly, Pieris brassicae (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) in Urmia with new records from Iran. Journal of Plant Protection Research 51, 248–251. Razmi, M., Karimpour, Y. and Safaralizadeh, M.H. (2011b) Parasitism of Pieris brassicae (L.) (Lep.: Pieridae) on cabbage farms in comparison with wild hosts and study on use of Pteromalus puparum (L.) (Hym. Pteromalidae), as a biological control agent versus this pest. Munis Entomology and Zoology 6, 176–180. Rezaei, V., Moharramipour, S. and Talebi, A.A. (2001) First report of Psychophagus omnivorus (Walker) and Chouioio cunea (Yang) parasitoids of Hyphantria cunea Drury (Lep.: Arctiidae) from Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 70, 137–138 [in Persian, English summary]. Rezaei, V., Moharramipour, S. and Talebi, A.A. (2003) The first report of Psychophagus omnivorus (Walker) and Chouioia cunea (Yang) parasitoid wasps of American white webworm Hyphantria cunea Drury (Lep.: Arctiidae) from Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 70, 33. Rowshandel, S., Maleki Milani, H. and Talebi-Chaichi, P. (1998) Introduction predators and parasitoids of codling moth Laspeyresia pomonella L. In: Khosrowshahr Proceedings of the 13th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 23–27 August 1998, Karaj Junior College of Agriculture, p. 129. Sadeghi, S.E. and Askary, H. (2002) Activity of Schizonotus sieboldi Ratzeburg (Hym.: Pteromalidae) on poplar leaf beetle pupa, on seven different poplar species. Proceedings of the 1st symposium on Hymenopterous Parasitica, 4–17 May 2001, Köszeg, Hungary, p. 383. Sadeghi, S.E. and Ebrahimi, E. (2001) New report of Pachyneuron grande Thomson (Hym.: Pteromalidae) from Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 21, 114. Sadeghi, S.E. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2013) New record of Halticoptera polita (Walker, 1834) (Hym.: Pteromalidae) from Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 80, 188. Sadeghi, S., Lotfalizadeh, H., Iranipour, Sh. and Alipanah, H. (2012) The study of tree-leaf miner parasitoid fauna in Shahindej, West Azarbaijan province. Proceedings of the 20th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 26–29 August 2012, University of Shiraz, p. 112. Saeidi, K. (2015) Pupal hymenopterous parasitoids of Acanthiophilus helianthi (Diptera: Tephritidae) in

352

Kohgiluyeh safflower farms. Plant Protection Journal 7, 47–57 [in Persian, English summary]. Sahraeian, H. and Abassi, J. (2016) Identification of parasitoid wasps for invasive soft scale Saissetia miranda (Hem.: Coccoidea) in Fars province. Proceedings of the 3rd National Conference on Biological Control in Agriculture and Natural Resources, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, p. 24. Sakenin, H., Imani, S., Shirdel, F., Samin, N. and Havaskary, M. (2008a) Identification of Pentatomidae (Heteroptera) and their host plants in central and eastern Mazandaran province and introducing of many dominant natural enemies. Plant and Ecosystem 15, 37–51. Sakenin, H., Eslami, B., Samin, N., Imani, S., Shirdel, F. and Havaskary, M. (2008b) A contribution to the most important trees and shrubs as the hosts of woodboring beetles in different regions of Iran and identification of many natural enemies. Plant and Ecosystem 16, 27–46. Sakenin, H., Rastegar, J., Valizadeh, A., Imani, S. and Samin, N. (2011) A study on the Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from western and northwestern Iran. Global Conference on Entomology, March 5–9, Chiang Mai, Thailand, p. 127. Sakenin, H., Samin, N., Trjapitzin, V.A., Dzhanokmen, K.A., Prinsloo, G.L. and Abd-Rabou, S. (2019) A faunistic study on Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) of Iran. Calodema 733, 1–5. Samin, N. and Sureshan, P.M. (2018) Description of a new species of Cleonymus (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) from Iran. Entomological News 127, 481–486. Shahhosseini, M.J. and Kamali, K. (1989) A checklist of insects, mites and rodents affecting stored products in Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 9 (Supplement), 1–47. Sharifi, S. and Javadi, I. (1971) Control of Rosaceae branch borer in Iran. Journal of Economic Entomology 64, 484–486. Shojaey, M., Khayrandish, M., Madjdzadeh, S.M. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2019) First record of Caenocrepis arenicola (Thomson, 1878) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) from Iran. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 5, 121–126. Shojai, M. (1963) Etude Ecologique de Ruguloscolytus mediteraneus Egg. (Col.: Scolytidae) en Iran. University of Tehran, Faculty of Agriculture, 73 pp. Shojai, M. (1968) Resultats de l’étude faunestiques des hyménoptères parasites (Terebrants) en Iran et l’importance de leur utilisation dans la lutte biologique. Proceedings of the 1st Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Karaj Junior College of Agriculture, Karaj, pp. 25–35. Shojai, M. (1998) Entomology (Ethology Social Life and Natural Enemies) (Biological Control). 3rd vol., 3rd edn. University of Tehran Publication, Tehran, Iran, 550 pp. [in Persian].

Chapter 16

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Shojai, M., Esmaili, M., Ostovan, H., Khodaman, A., Daniali, M. et al. (2000) Integrated pest management of codling moth and other important pests of Pomoidea fruit trees. Journal of Agricultural Sciences 6, 15–45 [in Persian, English summary]. Shojai, M., Ostovan, H., Mojdehi, H., Zamanizadeh, H., Rahjoo, V. et al. (2001) Survival dependence of pathogenic fungus: Ophiostoma ulmi (Buisman) with its host trees, insects vectors and its role integrated pest management in preventing and controlling the Dutch elm disease. Journal of Agricultural Sciences 7, 1–19 [in Persian, English summary]. Shojai, M., Ostovan, H., Hosseini, M., Sadighfar, M., Khodaman, A. et al. (2002) Biocenotic potentials of apple orchards IPM in organic crop production programme. Journal of Agricultural Sciences 8, 1–27 [in Persian, English summary]. Steffan, J.R. (1968) Observations sur Chalcedectus sinaiticus (MS.) et descriptions de C. balachowskyi sp. n. (Hym. Chalcedectidae) et d’Oopristus safavii gen. n., sp. n. (Hym.:Torymidae), deux parasites d’importance économique en Iran. Entomophaga 13, 209–216. Talebi, A.A., Ameri, A., Fathipour, Y. and Rakhshani, E. (2008) Natural enemies of cypress tree mealybug, Planococcus vovae (Nasonov) (Hem., Pseudococcidae), and their parasitoids in Tehran, Iran. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 10, 123–133. Tarasi, J., Sadeghi, S.E., Nabii, M.Gh. and Ebrahimi, E. (2004) An investigation on the useful arthropods on poplars in Zanjan province. Proceedings of 16th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 August – 1 September 2004, University of Tabriz, p. 138. Tavakoli, M., Melika, G., Ebrahim Sadeghi, S., Askew, R.R., Stone, G.N. et al. (2010) Parasitoid communities (Chalcidoidea) of oak gallwasps of Iran (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Proceedings of the 7th International Congress of Hymenopterists, 20–26 June 2010, Köszeg, Hungary, pp. 115–116. Todorov, I. (2011) Contribution to the Bulgarian pteromalid fauna (Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae). Acta Zoologica Bulgarica 63, 151–156. Todorov, I.A., Boyadzhiev, P.S. and Askew, R.R. (2014) Eulophidae and Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Vitosha Mountain: New records for the fauna of Bulgaria. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica 66, 493–499.

Family Pteromalidae Dalman, 1820

Tselikh, E.V. (2010) Chalcids of the subfamily Pteromalinae (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae) as parasitoids of the bark beetles (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) in the fauna of Russia and adjacent territories. Entomological Review 90, 927–945. Tselikh, E.V. and Kostjukov, V.V. (2017) New data on the pteromalid wasps (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae) of Krasnodar Territory (Russia). Entomological Review 97, 44–56. van Noort, S. and Rasplus, J.Y. (2010) Order Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea associated with figs (families Agaonidae and Pteromalidae). Arthropod Fauna of the UAE 3, 325–355. Vazirianzadeh, B., Moravvej, S.A., Rahdar, M., Navidpour, S. and Zarean, M. (2008) First report of Spalangia cameroni (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae), a parasitic wasp of health and veterinary important flies from Khuzestan Province, Iran. Proceedings of the 6th National and 1st Regional Congress of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Karaj, Iran, p. 488. Yazdani, A. and Mehrnejad, M.R. (1993) The first record of one psyllid species and several hymenopteran parasitoids on pistachio psyllid from Iran. Proceedings of the 11th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 August – 2 September 1993, University of Guilan, p. 211. Yousefi, M., Vahedi, H.A., Ebrahimi, E. and Sharifi, R. (2018) Identification of parasitoid wasps of scale insects (Chalcidoidea) in fruit orchards of Markazi province. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 85, 251–264 [in Persian, English summary]. Zarghami, S., Kocheili, F., Mossadegh, M.S. and Alizadeh, M. (2010) Parasitoids and hyperparasitoids of Nephus arcuatus Kapur (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Khuzestan, southwest Iran. Proceedings of the 19th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 31 July – 3 August 2010, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, p. 110. Zarnegar, A., Lotfalizadeh, H. and Gharali, B. (2012) Natural enemies of Juniperus (Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb.) fruit pests in Ghazvin province for the first time from Iran. Proceedings of the 20th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 26–29 August 2012, University of Shiraz, p. 543. Ziaaddini, M., Lotfalizadeh, H., Mohammadi Khoramabadi, A. and Jalali, M.A. (2014) First report of Dibrachys lignicola (Hym.: Pteromalidae) from Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 34, 97–98.

353

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

200 μm

Signiphora sp. ‒ ♀ (Signiphoridae) [photo courtesy of S. van Noort – Iziko Museums of South Africa]  

 

Chartocerus subaeneus (Förster, 1878) – ♀ (Signiphoridae) [photo courtesy of S. Abd-Rabou]  

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

17

Family Signiphoridae Howard, 1894 Svetlana N. Myartseva, Shaaban Abd-Rabou, Gary A.P. Gibson, Hassan Ghahari and Gennaro Viggiani

Although John Noyes (unpublished) tabulated 83 extant species of Signiphoridae (Introduction, Table I.1), the family currently consists of 87 species in four genera: Chartocerus Motschulsky (36 species), Clytina Erdős (one species), Signiphora Ashmead (46 species) and Thysanus Walker (four species) (James Woolley, Texas, 2020, personal communication). The family is cosmopolitan, though probably most diverse in the Neotropical region (Gauld and Bolton, 1988), and prior to Woolley (1986) was called Thysanidae. Individuals are all minute, about 0.5–2 mm in length, usually black or brownish, though sometimes with yellowish areas (mainly species of Signiphora); the antennal flagellum consists of 1–4 short, ring-like segments followed by a long, unsegmented clava; the scutellum is more or less transverse-rectangular, about five times wider than long, without externally visible axillae; the mesonotal postphragma is very large, extending deeply into the gaster; the body is stout and flattened; and the wings have a long marginal fringe, but are otherwise devoid of setae except for those on the veins and in species that have a discal seta (Woolley, 1988, 1997; Abd-Rabou and Evans, 2016). Other than for one genus of Aphelinidae, Signiphoridae is also uniquely characterized by the propodeum having a median triangular region set off by posteriorly convergent sulci (Heraty et al., 2013). The group is strongly supported as monophyletic by both molecular (Munro et al., 2011) and morphological (Woolley, 1988; Gibson et al., 1999; Heraty et al., 2013) data. Heraty et al. (2013) retrieved Signiphoridae as the sister-group of Azotidae in most, though not all, of their analyses, which was one reason they proposed recognizing both as families rather than as subfamilies within a single family. Their analyses also indicated that Signiphoridae was closely related to Aphelinidae, Trichogrammatidae and other chalcidoid families with a tendency to have a reduced number of flagellomeres and tarsomeres.

Signiphorids are all parasitoids, having been reared from aphids (Aphidae), scale-insects (Coccoidea), mealybugs (Pseudococcidae), psyllids (Psyllidae), whiteflies (Aleyrodidae) (Hemiptera) and the puparia of cyclorrhaphous Diptera (Chamaemyiidae, gall-making Chloropidae and Drosophilidae), either as primary parasitoids or hyperparasitoids, generally through Encyrtidae and Aphelinidae (Ferrière and Kerrich, 1958; Woolley and Hanson, 2006; Rasplus et al., 2010; Noyes, 2019). Signiphoridae has been treated taxonomically by several workers in regions other than Iran, including Nikol’skaya (1950), Rozanov (1965), Hayat (1970, 1976, 2009), Hayat and Subba Rao (1986) and Woolley (1988, 1997). Within Iran, Modarres Awal (1997, 2012) listed two species in Chartocerus, whereas Ghahari et al. (2014) listed 11 species in three genera. Based on our checklist, the fauna of Iranian Signiphoridae consists of five species (~5.8% of the world species) following our exclusion of seven species (Table 21.2). The species, none of which are endemic to Iran, are classified in three genera: Chartocerus (three species) and Signiphora and Thysanus (both with one species). Species are known from 14 provinces, of which Mazandaran has the highest diversity with four recorded species (Table 21.4). Host species of Iranian Signiphoridae belong to eight families in two orders: Hemiptera (Coccidae, Diaspididae, Eriococcidae, Pseudococcidae and Psyllidae) and Hymenoptera (Aphelinidae, Encyrtidae and Platygastridae). Comparison of the signiphorid fauna of Iran with adjacent countries (Table 21.5) indicates that the fauna of Iran (five species) is the most diverse, followed by Turkey (three species), Kazakhstan and Russia (both with two species) and Turkmenistan (one species); no species have been recorded from the other neighboring countries (Noyes, 2019). The former USSR shared three species with Iran, followed by Russia and Turkey (both with two species) and Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan (both with one species).

© CAB International 2021. Chalcidoidea of Iran (Insecta: Hymenoptera) (eds. H. Ghahari, G.A.P. Gibson and G. Viggiani). DOI: 10.1079/9781789248463.0017

355

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Checklist of Iranian SIGNIPHORIDAE Howard, 1894 Genus Chartocerus Motschulsky, 1859 Chartocerus kurdjumovi (Nikols’laya, 1950) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2014). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Jafari et al., 2016), Fars (Fallahzadeh et al., 2007, 2008, 2011; Hesami et al., 2010; Modarres Awal, 2012; Mossadegh et al., 2015), Isfahan (Ghahari et al., 2011), Kermanshah (Jalilvand et al., 2014), Khuzestan (Asadeh and Mossadegh, 1993; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Novin, 2000; Novin et al., 2000; Mossadegh and Kocheili, 2003; Alizadeh et al., 2013; Moravvej et al., 2016; Tamoli Torfi et al., 2019), Mazandaran (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005 as Chartocerus elongatus (Girault, 1916) – misidentification), Razavi Khorasan (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005; Jalaeian et al., 2011; Nazari et al., 2018). General distribution: Hungary, India, Italy, Moldova, Russia, Ukraine, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Asadeh and Mossadegh, 1993; Novin, 2000; Novin et al., 2000; Mossadegh et al., 2015; Moravvej et al., 2016), Eulecanium tiliae (L.) (as E. coryli (L.)) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005), Chrysomphalus aonidum (L.) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), and probably hyperparasitoid of Encarsia elongata (Dozier) (as Encarsia brimblecombei (Girault)) (Aphelinidae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005; Ghahari et al., 2014), Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Fallahzadeh et al., 2007; Alizadeh et al., 2013; Mossadegh et al., 2015; Moravvej et al., 2016), Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Fallahzadeh et al., 2008, 2011; Mossadegh et al., 2015; Moravvej et al., 2016), Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt and Lauterer (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) (Jalaeian et al., 2011), Planococcus vovae on Hesperocyparis arizonica (Cupressaceae), Chorizococcus sp. (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Lactuca serriola (Asteraceae) (Jalilvand et al., 2014), Peliococcus kimmericus (Kiritshenko) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Lactuca serriola (Nazari et al., 2018); hyperparasitoid of insects (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), of Encyrtus lecaniorum Mayr (as E. aurantii (Geoffroy)) (Encyrtidae) (AbdRabou and Ghahari, 2005), of Anagyrus spp. (Encyrtidae) (Fallahzadeh et al., 2007), Phenacoccus

356

solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Tamoli Torfi et al., 2019). Plant associations in Iran: Astragalus meridionalis (Fabaceae) (Hesami et al., 2010). Chartocerus rosanovi Sugonjaev, 1968 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2014). Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005, as Chartocerus corvinus (Girault, 1913) – misidentification), Golestan (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005; Ghahari et al., 2014), Guilan (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005; Ghahari et al., 2014, as Chartocerus reticulatus (Girault, 1913) – misidentification). General distribution: Kazakhstan. Host records in Iran: Aonidiella aurantii (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005; Ghahari et al., 2014) and probably hyperparasitoid of Aphytis chrysomphali (Mercet) (Aphelinidae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005; Ghahari et al., 2014), Aonidiella citrina (Coquillett) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), Pseudococcus filamentosus (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005; Ghahari et al., 2014) and probably hyperparasitoid of Anagyrus pseudococci (Girault) (Encyrtidae) and Encarsia citrina (Craw) (Aphelinidae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005; Ghahari et al., 2014). Chartocerus subaeneus (Förster, 1878) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2014). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al., 2011), Kerman (Yazdani and Mehrnejad, 1993; Yazdani and Radjabi, 1993, as Chartocerus (Signiphorina) subaeneus (Förster, 1878); Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Mazandaran (AbdRabou and Ghahari, 2005, as Chartocerus walkeri Hayat, 1970 – misidentification), Southern Khorasan (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2019), Tehran (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005; Ghahari et al., 2014). General distribution: Caucasus, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Egypt, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Moldova, Nigeria, Poland, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Pistachio psyllid (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) (Yazdani and Mehrnejad, 1993), scale

Chapter 17

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

insects on pistachio tree (Yazdani and Radjabi, 1993), Pulvinaria betulae L. (Hemiptera: Coccidae), Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005; Ghahari et al., 2014); hyperparasitoid of insects (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), of Anagyrus schoenherri (Westwood) (Encyrtidae) and Ablerus atomon Walker (Azotidae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005; Ghahari et al., 2014), Anophococcus abaii (Danzig) (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae) on Haloxylon ammodendron (Amaranthaceae) (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2019). Chartocerus spp. Distribution in Iran: Fars (Lotfalizadeh and Ahmadi, 2000; Hesami and Fallahzadeh, 2004; Ebrahimi, 2014; Ghajarieh et al., 2014), Khuzestan (Booshi et al., 2019). Host records in Iran: Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Citrus sp. (Rutaceae) (Ebrahimi, 2014; Ghajarieh et al., 2014), Anagyrus sp. (Encyrtidae) (Hesami and Fallahzadeh, 2004); hyperparasitoid of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Booshi et al., 2019). Genus Signiphora Ashmead, 1880 Signiphora merceti Malenotti, 1916 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Isfahan (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005, as Signiphora coquilletti Ashmead, 1900 – misidentification), Mazandaran (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005; Ghahari et al., 2014 as Signiphora aleyrodis Ashmead, 1900 – misidentification), West Azarbaijan (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005, as Signiphora coleoptrata (Kerrich, 1953) – misidentification). General distribution: Argentina, Brazil, China, Colombia, France, Georgia, Italy, Montenegro, New Zealand, Spain, Transcaucasus, United States of America, Uruguay, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Metaphycus helvolus (Compere) (Encyrtidae) on Saissetia oleae (Olivier) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005; Ghahari et al., 2014), Leptomastix flavus Mercet (Encyrtidae) on Pseudococcus affinis Maskell (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), Amitus spiniferus Brèthes (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) on Aleurocanthus spiniferus Quaintance (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005; Ghahari et al., 2014).

Family Signiphoridae Howard, 1894

Genus Thysanus Walker, 1840 Thysanus ater (Walker, 1840) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2014). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Ebrahimi et al., 2012, 2013; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2014), Kerman (Moeinadini et al., 2014), Mazandaran (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005; Ghahari et al., 2014). General distribution: Argentina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, India, Italy, Moldova, Norway, Serbia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Cerapterocerus mirabilis Westwood (Encyrtidae) on Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (AbdRabou and Ghahari, 2005), Lepidosaphes malicola Borchsenius (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Ebrahimi et al., 2012, 2013; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2014), galls on Ephedra major (Ephedraceae) (Moeinadini et al., 2014). Comments: Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2005) stated that Thysanus ater is a hyperparasitoid of Cerapterocerus mirabilis Westwood (Encyrtidae) but it is a primary parasitoid of Aphelinidae, Coccidae, Diaspididae and Encyrtidae (Moglan, 2004; Noyes, 2019). Their record resulted from the emergence of both C. mirabilis and T. ater from a rearing of Aonidiella orientalis.

Species excluded from the fauna of Iran Genus Chartocerus Motschulsky, 1859 Chartocerus corvinus (Girault, 1913) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2014). Reported distribution in Iran: Alborz (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005). General distribution: Australia. Host records reported in Iran: Anagyrus pseudococci (Girault) (Encyrtidae) on Pseudococcus filamentosus (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005). Comments: Re-examination of the specimens of Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2005) proved they were misidentifications of Chartocerus rosanovi Sugonjaev and we therefore exclude C. corvinus from the fauna of Iran and transfer its data to C. rosanovi.

357

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Chartocerus elongatus (Girault, 1916) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2014). Reported distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (AbdRabou and Ghahari, 2005). General distribution: Bahamas, Italy, Ivory Coast, Senegal, United States of America. Host records reported in Iran: Chrysomphalus aonidum (L.) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) and probably hyperparasitoid of Encarsia elongata (Dozier) (as Encarsia brimblecombei (Girault)) (Aphelinidae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005; Ghahari et al., 2014). Comments: Re-examination of the specimens of Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2005) proved they were misidentifications of Chartocerus kurdjumovi (Nikol’skaya) and we therefore exclude C. elongatus from the fauna of Iran and transfer its data to C. kurdjumovi. Chartocerus reticulatus (Girault, 1913) Reported distribution in Iran: Guilan (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005). General distribution: Australia. Host records reported in Iran: Encarsia citrina (Craw) (Aphelinidae) on Aonidiella citrina (Coquillett) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (AbdRabou and Ghahari, 2005). Comments: Re-examination of the specimens of Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2005) proved they were misidentifications of Chartocerus rosanovi Sugonjaev and we therefore exclude C. reticulatus from the fauna of Iran and transer its data to C. rosanovi. Chartocerus walkeri Hayat, 1970 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2014). Reported distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (AbdRabou and Ghahari, 2005). General distribution: India, Taiwan. Host records reported in Iran: Ablerus atomon Walker (Azotidae) on Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005). Comments: Re-examination of the specimens of Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2005) proved they were misidentifications of Chartocerus subaeneus (Förster) and we therefore exclude C. walkeri from the fauna of Iran and transfer its data to C. subaeneus.

358

Genus Signiphora Ashmead, 1880 Signiphora aleyrodis Ashmead, 1900 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2014). Reported distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (AbdRabou and Ghahari, 2005; Ghahari et al., 2014). General distribution: Argentina, Brazil, Dominican Republic, Italy, Madeira, Mexico, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America, Uruguay. Host records reported in Iran: Leptomastix flavus Mercet (Encyrtidae) on Pseudococcus affinis Maskell (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), Amitus spiniferus Brèthes (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) on Aleurocanthus spiniferus Quaintance (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005; Ghahari et al., 2014). Comments: Re-examination of the specimens of Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2005) proved they were misidentifications of Signiphora merceti Malenotti and we therefore exclude S. aleyrodis from the fauna of Iran and transfer its data to S. merceti. Signiphora coleoptrata (Kerrich, 1953) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2014). Reported distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005). General distribution: Trinidad and Tobago. Host records reported in Iran: Leptomastix flavus Mercet (Encyrtidae) on Pseudococcus affinis Maskell (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (AbdRabou and Ghahari, 2005). Comments: Re-examination of the specimens of Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2005) proved they were misidentifications of Signiphora merceti Malenotti and we therefore exclude S. coleoptrata from the fauna of Iran and transfer its data to S. merceti. Signiphora coquilletti Ashmead, 1900 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari et al. (2014). Reported distribution in Iran: Isfahan (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005). General distribution: Brazil, Hawaii, Mexico, United States of America. Host records reported in Iran: Metaphycus helvolus (Compere) (Encyrtidae) on Saissetia oleae (Olivier) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005).

Chapter 17

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Comments: Re-examination of the specimens of Abd-Rabou and Ghahari (2005) proved they were misidentifications of Signiphora merceti Malenotti and we therefore exclude S. coquilletti from the fauna of Iran and transfer its data to S. merceti.

References Abd-Rabou, Sh. and Evans, G. (2016) Family Signiphoridae (Chalcidoidea) in Egypt. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 51, 145–155. Abd-Rabou, S. and Ghahari, H. (2005) A list of hyperparasitoids of whiteflies and coccids (Homoptera) in Iran, with special study on Iranian Ablerus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research 83, 311–317. Alizadeh, M.S., Mossadegh, M.S. and Esfandiari, M. (2013) Natural enemies of Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and their population fluctuations in Ahvaz, southwest of Iran. Journal of Crop Protection 2, 13–21. Asadeh, G.A. and Mossadegh, M.S. (1993) Important natural enemies of mealybugs (Pseudococcus spp.) in the Khuzestan province, Iran. Scientific Journal of Agriculture 16, 46–52 [in Persian, English summary]. Ashmead, W.H. (1880) Orange Insects: A Treatise on the Injurious and Beneficial Insects Found in the Orange Trees in Florida. Ashmead Brothers, Jacksonville, Florida, 1–xv, 1–78, plates I–IV. Ashmead, W.H. (1900) On the genera of chalcid-flies belonging to the subfamily Encyrtinae. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 22, 412. Booshi, S., Ramzani, L. and Zarghami, S. (2019) Natural enemies of Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley) (Hem.: Pseudococcidae) in Dezful. National Conference on Agricultural Industry and Commercialization, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Khuzestan, 18 December 2019, 7 pp. [in Persian]. Ebrahimi, E. (2014) Parasitoid and hyperparasitoid wasps of scale insects in Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum, Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 34, 73–83 [in Persian, English summary]. Ebrahimi, A., Lotfalizadeh, H., Moghaddam, M. and Kazemi, M.H. (2012) New record of Thysanus ater (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Signiphoridae) from Iran. Proceedings of the 20th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 26–29 August 2012, University of Shiraz, p. 114. Ebrahimi, A., Lotfalizadeh, H. and Kazemi, M.H. (2013) New record of Thysanus ater (Hym.: Signiphoridae) parasitoid of Lepidosaphes malicola Borckh from Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 80, 191–192. Fallahzadeh, M., Shojaei, M., Ostovan, H. and Kamali, K. (2007) Study of the parasitoids and hyperparasitoids of Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Hem., Pseudococcidae)

Family Signiphoridae Howard, 1894

in Fars province. Journal of Agricultural Sciences (Islamic Azad University) 13, 593–609. Fallahzadeh, M., Shojai, M., Ostovan, H. and Kamali, K. (2008) Natural enemies of Planococcus ficus (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) in Fars province vineyards, Iran. Proceedings of the 18th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 24–27 August 2008, University of Bu-Ali Sina Hamedan, p. 79. Fallahzadeh, M., Japoshvili, G., Saghaei, N. and Daane, K.M. (2011) Natural enemies of Planococcus ficus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Fars province vineyards, Iran. Biocontrol Science and Technology 21, 427–433. Ferrière, C. and Kerrich, G.J. (1958) Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects. Vol. 8: Hymenoptera Pt 2a. Chalcidoidea. Section (a) Agaontidae, Leucospidae, Chalcididae, Eucharitidae, Perilampidae, Cleonymidae and Thysanidae. Royal Entomological Society of London, St Albans, UK, 40 pp. Förster, A. (1856) Hymenopterologische Studien. 2. Chalcidiae und Proctotrupii. Ernst ter Meer, Aachen, Germany, p. 145. Förster, A. (1878) Kleine monographien parasitischer Hymenopteren. Verhandlungen des Naturhistorischen Vereins der Preussischen Rheinlande und Westfalens, Bonn 35, 69. Gauld, I. and Bolton, B. (eds) (1988) The Hymenoptera. British Museum (Natural History) and Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 332 pp. Ghahari, H., Abd-Rabou, S., Sakenin, H., Hedqvist, K.J. and Ostovan, H. (2011) A contribution to some Chalcidoidea wasps (Hymenoptera) from Iran. Journal of Biological Control 24, 17–21. Ghahari, H., Myartseva, S.N., Huang, J., Ruiz-Cancino, E. and Abd-Rabou, Sh. (2014) A checklist of the Iranian Signiphoridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Wuyi Science Journal 30, 74–82. Ghajarieh, H., Ghanbari, Gh. and Alichi, M. (2014) A study of natural enemies of Nipaecoccus viridis Newstead and their activities in Iran. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences 7, 955–962. Gibson, G.A.P., Heraty, J.M. and Woolley, J.B. (1999) Phylogenetics and classification of Chalcidoidea and Mymarommatoidea – a review of current concepts (Hymenoptera: Apocrita). Zoologica Scripta 28, 87–124. Girault, A.A. (1913) A systematic monograph of the chalcidoid Hymenoptera of the subfamily Signiphorinae. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 45, 225. Girault, A.A. (1916) New Encyrtidae from North America. Psyche 23, 41. Hayat, M. (1970) Studies on the genera of the family Signiphoridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) recorded from India. Entomophaga 15, 396–398. Hayat, M. (1976) Some Indian species of Chartocerus (Hym.: Chalcidoidea: Signiphoridae). Oriental Insects 10, 162.

359

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Hayat, M. (2009) A review of the Indian Signiphoridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Biosystematica 3, 5–27. Hayat, M. and Subba Rao, B.R. (1986) Family Signiphoridae. In: Subba Rao, B.R. and Hayat, M. (eds) The Chalcidoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of India and the Adjacent Countries. Part II. Oriental Insects 20, 139–141. Heraty, J.M., Burks, R.A., Cruaud, A., Gibson, G.A.P, Liljebad, J. et al. (2013) A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Cladistics 29, 466–542. Hesami, Sh. and Fallahzadeh, M. (2004) Hyperparasitoids of Anagyrus spp. (Hym.: Encyrtidae), the parasitoids of mealybugs (Hom.: Psedococcidae) in Fars province. Proceedings of the 16th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 August – 1 September 2004, University of Tabriz, p. 56. Hesami, Sh., Seyedebrahimi, S., Gheibi, M. and Zareie, R. (2010) Occurrence of four species of Hymenoptera associated with Astragalus meridionalis in Fars province of Iran. Proceedings of the 19th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 31 July – 3 August 2010, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, p. 124. Jafari, N., Lotfalizadeh, H., Karimpour, Y. and Gharali, B. (2016) Natural enemies of the Comstock mealybug, Pseudococcus comstocki (Hem.: Pseudococcidae) as an important pest of mulberries in Tabriz, Iran. Entomology and Phytopathology 83, 87–96 [in Persian, English summary]. Jalaeian, M., Nasirat, M. and Jouyandeh, A. (2011) Introduction of the natural enemies of the common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistachiae (Hem.: Psyllidae) in Khorasan Razavi province, Iran. Proceedings of the 2nd Iranian Pest Management Conference, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, p. 56. Jalilvand, K., Shirazi, M., Fallahzadeh, M., Vahedi, H.A., Samih, M.A. and Naghadeh, N.M. (2014) Survey of natural enemies of mealybug species (Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae) in Kermanshah province, western Iran to inform biological control research. Journal of Entomological Research Society 16, 1–10. Kerrich, G.J. 1953 Report on Encyrtidae associated with mealybugs on cacao in Trinidad, and on some other species related thereto. Bulletin of Entomological Research 44, 802. Lotfalizadeh, H. and Ahmadi, A.A. (2000) Natural enemies of cypress tree mealybug, Planococcus vovae (Nasonov), and their parasitoids in Shiraz, Iran. Iran Agricultural Research 19, 145–154. Lotfalizadeh, H., Zargaran, M.R. and Taghizade, M. (2014) Species diversity of Coccoidea parasitoids wasps (Hym.: Chalcidoidea) in the northern parts of East-Azarbaijan province, Iran. North-Western Journal of Zoology 10, 60–66. Lotfalizadeh, H., Tavakoli-Korghond, G. and Mokhtari, A. (2019) On the parasitoid complex (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Anophococcus abaii (Hemiptera:

360

Eriococcidae), with description of Metaphycus anophococcusi Lotfalizadeh, n. sp. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (N.S.) 55, 317–326. Moeinadini, A., Madjdzadeh, S.M. and Pricop, E. (2014) First record of Thysanus ater (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Signiphoridae) in Iran. Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics 10(1), 1–4. Modarres Awal, M. (1997) Family Signiphoridae. In: Modarres Awal, M. (ed.) List of Agricultural Pests and their Natural Enemies in Iran. 2nd edn. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, Iran, p. 280. Modarres Awal, M. (2012) Family Signiphoridae. In: Modarres Awal, M. (ed.) List of Agricultural Pests and their Natural Enemies in Iran. 3rd edn. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, Iran, p. 517. Moglan, I. (2004) Hymenopteran parasitoids (Chalcidoidea, Hymenoptera) of San Jose scale – Quadraspidiotus perniciosus Comstock (Diaspididae, Homoptera) in the central zone of Moldavia (Romania). Analele Stiintifice ale Universitatii ‘Al. I. Cuza’ Iasi (Biologie Animala) 50, 111–115. Moravvej, A., Shishehbor, P. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2016) A checklist of Chalcidoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Khuzestan in southwestern Iran. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 2, 121–142. Mossadegh, M.S. and Kocheili, F. (2003) A Semi Descriptive Checklist of Identified Species of Arthropods (Agricultural, Medical, …) and other Pests from Khuzestan, Iran. Shahid Chamran University Press, Ahvaz, 475 pp. [in Persian]. Mossadegh, M.S., Vafaei, S., Farsi, A., Zarghami, S., Esfandiari, M. et al. (2015) Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Sternorrhyncha: Pseudococcidae), its natural enemies and host plants in Iran. Proceedings of the 1st Iranian International Congress of Entomology, 29–31 August 2015, Iranian Reseach Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, pp. 159–167. Motschulsky, V. de. (1859) Inesctes utiles et nuisibles. Études Entomologiques (Helsingfors) 8, 171. Munro, J.B., Heraty, J., Burks, R.A., Hawks, D., Mottern, J.L. et al. (2011) A molecular phylogeny of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). PLoS ONE 6, e27023. Nazari, Z., Moravvej, G.H. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2018) Natural enemies of Peliococcus kimmericus (Hem: Pseudococcidae) in Mashhad, Iran. Entomofauna 39, 909–918. Nikol’skaya, M.N. (1950) Representatives of the family Signiphoridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) in the fauna of the USSR. Doklady Akademii Nauk Sovetskikh Sotsialisticehskikh Respublik 75, 320–321. Novin, M. (2000) The biology and population fluctuations of Nipaecoccus viridis (News.) and its natural enemies in citrus orchards of Dezful. MSc thesis, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, 152 pp. Novin, M., Mossadegh, M.S., Karami Nejad, M. and Ghasemi Nejad, M. (2000) Natural enemies of Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead) in the north of

Chapter 17

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Khuzestan. Proceedings of the 14th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 5–8 September 2000, Isfahan University of Technology, p. 264. Noyes, J.S. (2019) Universal Chalcidoidea Database. Available at: www.nhm.ac.uk/chalcidoids (accessed December 2019). Rasplus, J.-Y., Villemant, C., Paiva, M.R., Delvare, G. and Roques, A. (2010) Hymenoptera. In: Roques, A., Kenis, M., Lees, D., Lopez-Vaamonde, C., Rabitsch, W., Rasplus, J.-Y. and Roy, D. (eds) Arthropod invasions in Europe. BioRisk 4, 669–776. Rozanov, I.V. (1965) Review of the genera of parasitic Hymenoptera of the family Signiphoridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 44, 866–884. Tamoli Torfi, E., Rasekh, A., Moravvej, S.A., Mossadegh, M.S. and Rajabpour, A. (2019) Report of Chalcidoidea on cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, 1898 (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Khuzestan province. Proceedings of the 3rd Iranian International Congress of Entomology, 17–19 August 2019, University of Tabriz,Tabriz, p. 129. Woolley, J.B. (1986) Signiphoridae of Thysanidae? A review of a problem in family-level nomenclature

Family Signiphoridae Howard, 1894

(Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America 32, 91–95. Woolley, J.B. (1988) Phylogeny and classification of the Signiphoridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Systematic Entomology 13, 465–501. Woolley, J.B. (1997) Chapter 18. Signiphoridae. In: Gibson, G.A.P., Huber, J.T. and Woolley, J.B. (eds) Annotated Keys to the Genera of Nearctic Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). NRC Research Press, Ottawa, pp. 693–699. Woolley, J.B. and Hanson, P.E. (2006) Familia Signiphoridae. In: Hanson, P.E. and Gauld, I.D. (eds) Hymenoptera de la Región Neotropical. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, Vol. 77. AEI, Gainesville, Florida, 422–425. Yazdani, A. and Mehrnejad, M.R. (1993) The first record of one psyllid species and several hymenopteran parasitoids on pistachio psyllid from Iran. Proceedings of the 11th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 August – 2 September 1993, University of Guilan p. 211. Yazdani, A. and Radjabi, A. (1993) The first record of Hymenoptera parasitoids of scale insects on pistachio in Iran. Proceedings of the 11th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 August – 2 September 1993, University of Guilan, p. 212.

361

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

 

 

Platynocheilus cuprifrons (Nees, 1834) – ♀ (Tetracampidae) [photo courtesy of I.E. Popescu]

Platynocheilus cuprifrons (Nees, 1834) – ♂ (Tetracampidae) [photo courtesy of I.E. Popescu]

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

18

Family Tetracampidae Förster, 1856 Gary A.P. Gibson, Hassan Ghahari and Mikdat Dog ˘ anlar

Tetracampidae Förster is one of the smallest families of Chalcidoidea, with John Noyes (unpublished) tabulating 53 extant and four fossil species in 15 genera among three extant and two extinct subfamilies (Introduction, Table I.1). However, currently there are 58 species in 13 genera in the three extant subfamilies: Mongolocampinae (three genera), Platynocheilinae (one genus) and Tetracampinae (nine genera) (Noyes, 2019). In addition to the extant fauna, Yoshimoto (1975) assigned three extinct subfamilies (Bouceklytinae, Baeomorphinae and Distylopinae) from Canadian Cretaceous amber to Tetracampidae, but Gumovsky (2018) doubted that any of the three are correctly classified in Tetracampidae and Gumovsky et al. (2018) subsequently transferred Baeomorphinae to the family Rotoitidae. However, a single fossil species in the extant genus Dipriocampe Bouček (Tetracampinae) and one fossil species in the extinct genus Electrocampe Trjapitzin and Manukyan (Mongolocampinae) have been described from Late Eocene Baltic and Rovno amber (Gumovsky, 2018). Bouček (1958) reviewed the European species of Tetracampidae and at that time divided the family into two subfamilies, Tetracampinae and Platynocheilinae, but Sugonjaev (1971) subsequently established Mongolocampinae for three peculiar genera he newly described: Mongolocampe, Eremocampe and Platyneurus. Although small, the family has a complicated taxonomic history (Bouček, 1958; Bouček and Askew, 1968; Gumovsky, 2018), with the different subfamilies sometimes being classified in Aphelinidae, Eulophidae or Pteromalidae (Bouček, 1988; LaSalle et al., 1997; Gibson et al., 1999; Hansson, 2016). More recent studies indicate that Tetracampidae is at least a paraphyletic if not a polyphyletic group, because its subfamilies do not group together as a monophyletic group either in trees based on molecular (Munro et al., 2011) or combined molecular and morphological data (Heraty et al., 2013).

Extant Tetracampidae are recognized by the following combination of characters: tarsi 5-segmented except 4-segmented in males of Tetracampinae, with fore tibial spur comparatively short and at most only weakly curved, but cleft; antennae 11- or 12-segmented, including a single anellus, five or six funicular segments, and a 3-segmented clava; mesosoma with pronotum large, bell-shaped, its hind margin usually indistinct, thin, and closely appressed to the mesonotum; mesoscutum with notauli distinct and complete; scutellum with only two pairs of long bristles; fore wing with marginal vein long, much longer than stigmal vein, and postmarginal vein long (Nikol’skaya and Trjapitsyn, 1978; Prinsloo, 1980; Bouček, 1988, 1997; Doğanlar, 2003). The biology of Tetracampidae is diverse (Gumovsky, 2018). Members of Tetracampinae are egg parasitoids of Hymenoptera (Pteromalidae and Diprionidae) and Coleoptera (Chrysomelidae) (Niklas, 1957; Bouček, 1958; Bhuiya et al., 2000; Doğanlar, 2003) and larval parasitoids of Diptera (Agromyzidae) (Franco and Panis, 1991), whereas Platynocheilinae (with the single genus Platynocheilus Westwood) are larval parasitoids of Agromyzidae, and Mongolocampinae are phytophagous (Sugonjaev and Voinovich, 2003). The fauna of Iranian Tetracampidae was first studied by Samin and Farzaneh (2016), who recorded three species. The only previous checklist of Iranian Tetracampidae was by Ghahari (2019), who recorded one species in each of four genera: Platynocheilus, Epiclerus Haliday, Foersterella Dalla Torre and Tetracampe Förster. We record the same four genera and species (6.9% of the world species), including Platynocheilus in Platynocheilinae and the later three genera in Tetracampinae. None of the reported species are endemic to Iran and they are known from just five provinces, Ardabil, Guilan, Kordestan, West Azarbaijan and Zanjan (Table 21.4), indicating that the fauna is as yet poorly studied.

© CAB International 2021. Chalcidoidea of Iran (Insecta: Hymenoptera) (eds. H. Ghahari, G.A.P. Gibson and G. Viggiani). DOI: 10.1079/9781789248463.0018

363

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

The hosts of most tetracampid species in Iran are unknown, and therefore determining their hosts could be a valuable research topic because tetracampids can be important biological control agents for Agromyzidae (Diptera), Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) and Diprionidae pests (Hymenoptera) (Gumovsky, 2018; Ghahari, 2019). Comparison of the tetracampid fauna of Iran with adjacent countries (Table 21.5) indicates that the fauna of Turkey (eight species) is more diverse than that of Iran (four species), followed by Russia (three species) and Kazakhstan (one species); no tetracampids have been recorded from the other neighbouring countries (Noyes, 2019). Among the 15 countries adjacent to Iran, only Russia (also the former USSR) and Turkey share one known species, Platynocheilus cuprifrons (Nees), with Iran.

Checklist of Iranian TETRACAMPIDAE Förster, 1856 Subfamily Platynocheilinae Boucˇ ek, 1958 Genus Platynocheilus Westwood, 1837 Platynocheilus cuprifrons (Nees, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari (2019). Distribution in Iran: Ardabil (Samin et al., 2019), Kordestan (Ghahari, 2019). General distribution: Algeria, Austria, Caucasus, Central Asia, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Transcaucasus, Turkey, United Kingdom, former USSR. Subfamily Tetracampinae Förster, 1856 Genus Epiclerus Haliday, 1844 Epiclerus temenus (Walker, 1839) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari (2019). Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan (Samin and Farzaneh, 2016). General distribution: Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia.

364

Genus Foersterella Dalla Torre, 1897 Foersterella reptans (Nees, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari (2019). Distribution in Iran: Zanjan (Samin and Farzaneh, 2016). General distribution: Austria, Bosnia Hercegovina, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Genus Tetracampe Förster, 1841 Tetracampe impressa Förster, 1841 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari (2019). Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Samin and Farzaneh, 2016). General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Slovakia, Sweden, United Kingdom.

References Bhuiya, B.A., Miah, M.I. and Ferdous, E. (2000) Biology of Cassidocida aspidomorphae Crawford (Hymenoptera: Tetracampidae), an egg parasitoid of tortoise beetles. Bangladesh Journal of Entomology 10, 23–30. Bouček, Z. (1958) Revision der europaeischen Tetracampidae (Hym. Chalcidoidea) mit einem Katalog der Arten der Welt. Acta entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 32, 41–90. Bouček, Z.(1988) Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International, London, 832 pp. Bouček, Z. (1997) Tetracampidae. In: Gibson, G.A.P., Huber, J.T. and Wooley, J.B. (eds) Annotated Keys to the Genera of Nearctic Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). National Research Council Canada, NRC Research Press, Ottawa, pp. 705–708. Bouček, Z. and Askew, R.R. (1968) Index of world Tetracampidae. In: Delucchi, V. and Remaudière, G. (eds) Index of Entomophagous Insects. Le Francois, Paris, pp. 3–19. Doğanlar, M. (2003) Notes on the species of Tetracampidae, with descriptions of some new species from Turkey (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Entomofauna 27, 381–396. Franco, E. and Panis, A. (1991) Epiclerus nomocerus (Masi) (Hym., Tetracampidae), nouveau parasitoide de Liriomyza trifolii Burgess (Dip., Agromyzidae) en culture sous serre. Bulletin 14, Section Regionale Ouest Palaearctique, Organisation Internationale de Lutte Biologique [International Organisation for

Chapter 18

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Biological Control/West Palaearctic Regional Section (IOBC/WPRS)], Paris, pp. 125–133. Ghahari, H. (2019) Annotated checklist of Iranian Leucospidae and Tetracampidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Entomological News 128, 161–168. Gibson, G.A.P., Heraty, J.M. and Woolley, J.B. (1999) Phylogenetics and classification of Chalcidoidea and Mymarommatoidea – a review of current concepts (Hymenoptera, Apocrita). Zoologica Scripta 28, 87–124. Gumovsky, A. (2018) A new genus of Tetracampidae (Hymenoptera) from South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 447, 1–13. Gumovsky, A., Perkovsky, E. and Rasnitsyn, A. (2018) Laurasian ancestors and ‘Gondwanan’ descendants of Rotoitidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea): what a review of Late Cretaceous Baeomorpha revealed. Cretaceous Research 84, 286–322. Hansson, C. (2016) The European species of Foersterella Dalla Torre (Hymenoptera: Tetracampidae), including the description of two new species. Zootaxa 4137, 561–568. Heraty, J.M., Burks, R.A., Cruaud, A., Gibson, G.A.P., Liljeblad, J. et al. (2013) A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Cladistics 29, 466–542. LaSalle, J., Polaszek, A., Noyes, J.S. and Zolnerowich, G. (1997) A new whitefly parasitoid (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae: Eunotinae), with comments on its placement, and implications for classification of Chalcidoidea with particular reference to the Eriaporinae (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Systematic Entomology 22, 131–150. Munro, J.B., Heraty, J.M., Burks, R.A., Hawks, D., Mottern, J. et al. (2011) A molecular phylogeny of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). PLoS ONE 6, e27023. Niklas, O.F. (1957) Tetracampe diprioni Ferriére as an eggparasite of Neodiprion sertifer. Beiträge zur Entomologie 6, 320–332.

Family Tetracampidae Förster, 1856

Nikol’skaya, M.N. and Triapitsyn, V.A. (1978) Family Tetracampidae (Tetracampids). In: Medvedev, G.S. (ed.) Keys to the Insects of the European Part of the USSR. Vol. 3. Hymenoptera. Part 2. Akademii Nauk SSR [Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR], Leningrad, pp. 690–695. Noyes, J.S. (2019) Universal Chalcidoidea Database. Available at: www.nhm.ac.uk/chalcidoids (accessed December 2019). Prinsloo, G.L. (1980) An Illustrated Guide to the Families of African Chalcidoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera). Science Bulletin No. 395. Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, South Africa, 66 pp. Samin, N. and Farzaneh, M.H. (2016) A faunistic study on some families of Hymenoptera from Iran. Wuyi Science Journal 32, 44–51. Samin, N., Ruíz Cancino, E., Myartseva, S., Trjapitzin, V.A., Gençer, L. and Sakenin, H. (2019) A faunistic study of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) from Guilan province and adjacent areas, northern Iran. Entomofauna 40, 47–58. Sugonjaev, E.S. (1971) A new subfamily of chalcids, Mongolocampinae Sugonjaev, subfam.n. (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Tetracampidae), from Mongolia and Kazakhstan. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 50, 664–675 [in Russian, translated]. Sugonjaev, E.S. and Voinovich, N.D. (2003) On the geographic distribution and host linkages of phytophagous chalcids of the subfamily Mongolocampinae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Tetracampidae) living on Nitraria spp. (Nitrariaceae), with descriptions of their immature stages. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 82, 310–320 [in Russian, translated]. Yoshimoto, C.M. (1975) Cretaceous chalcidoid fossils from Canadian amber. Canadian Entomologist 107, 499–528.

365

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

  

 

Monodontomerus obscurus Westwood, 1833 – ♀ (Torymidae) [photo courtesy of I.E. Popescu]

Torymus bedeguaris (Linnaeus, 1758) – ♀ (Torymidae) [photo courtesy of I.E. Popescu]

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

19

Family Torymidae Walker, 1833 Marina D. Zerova, Petr Janšta, Hassan Ghahari, Mikdat Dog˘ anlar, Victor N. Fursov, Gary A.P. Gibson and Irinel E. Popescu

John Noyes (unpublished) tabulated 962 extant and 13 fossil species of Torymidae in 59 genera (Introduction, Table I.1), but there are 1028 extant species in 61 genera worldwide under current concepts (Petr Janšta, unpublished). Historically, the family has been divided into a variable number of subfamilies that sometimes has included groups now classified in other families (Bouček, 1988; Gibson, 1993; Grissell, 1995). Grissell (1995) recognized only two subfamilies in the family, Toryminae and Megastigminae, although he included seven tribes in Toryminae (Introduction, Table I.1), as was followed by Noyes (2019). The molecular results of Campbell et al. (2000) and Munro et al. (2011) both indicated that Megastigminae and Toryminae did not form a monophyletic group, but the combined molecular and morphological data of Heraty et al. (2013) did retrieve the two as a monophy­ letic clade. However, the multilocus molecular analyses of Janšta et al. (2018) again did not support the two as monophyletic and they proposed treating Megastig­ minae as its own family and recognizing the following six subfamilies in Torymidae: Chalcimerinae, Glypho­ merinae, Microdontomerinae, Monodontomerinae, Podagrioninae and Toryminae. Of these, all but Glyphomerinae were tribes that Grissell (1995) had included in Toryminae, but which they raised to subfamily level. We follow the family and subfamily classification of Janšta et al. (2018) except that the subfamily name Erimerinae Crawford, 1914 is used instead of Microdontomerinae Grissell, 1995. Following the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), the subfamily name Microdontomerinae (including the tribe Microdontomerini), which was used erroneously by Grissell (1995) and followed by Janšta et al. (2018), is considered as junior synonym of Erimerinae (sensu Crawford, 1914). All six recognized subfamilies of Torymidae are represented in Iran. The relationships of Torymidae within Chalcidoidea have also been controversial and various families or subfamilies

(i.e. Ormyridae, Agaonidae: Agaoninae and Sycophaginae, Pteromalidae: Epichrysomallinae) have been proposed as its sister-group (Bouček, 1988; Noyes, 1990; Gibson, 1993; Grissell, 1995; Cruaud et al., 2010; Munro et al., 2011; Janšta et al., 2018). Individuals of Torymidae can be recognized by the following combination of characters: body usu­ ally with metallic colour; occipital carina present; marginal vein at least twice as long as and usually much longer than usually very short stigmal vein, and postmarginal vein short; hind coxae conspicuously longer (at least 2.5×) and larger than mid coxae; and females with exserted peg-like cerci arising from lat­ eral membranous region on either side of seventh gastral tergite, eighth gastral tergite small, flap-like (epipygium sensu Grissell, 1995) and articulated with seventh gastral tergite, and with distinctly exserted, often very long, ovipositor. Torymidae share an occipital carina and the gastral features of females with Megastigmidae, but they differ by the other features, as discussed in Chapter 12. Almost all torymids are primary parasitoids or hyperparasitoids of a wide range of insect hosts from several orders; only a very few species are phy­ tophagous after exclusion of Megastigminae from the family. Where known, Glyphomerinae are para­ sitoids of gall-making Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) on species of Rosa; and Chalcimerinae as well as most Erimerinae and Toryminae are similarly ectoparasi­ toids of various gall makers, mainly of Cynipidae and Cecidomyiidae (Diptera), whereas Podagrioninae are parasitoids of mantid (Mantodea) egg cases. Most Monodontomerinae are ectoparasitoids of the larvae of pollinating bees, predominantly mason bees (Megachilidae) and wasps (Sphecidae and Vespidae), though some are parasitoids in Lepidoptera or sawfly (Hymenoptera:Cimbicidae,Diprionidae,Tenthredinidae) pupae and larvae of their primary parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Ichneumonidae), respec­ tively, or are endoparasitoids of the eggs of Heteroptera

© CAB International 2021. Chalcidoidea of Iran (Insecta: Hymenoptera) (eds. H. Ghahari, G.A.P. Gibson and G. Viggiani). DOI: 10.1079/9781789248463.0019

367

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

endemic to Iran (Table 21.3). The species are clas­ sified in 19 genera in the following six subfamilies: Chalcimerinae (one species in one genus), Erimerinae (19 species in six genera), Glyphomerinae (five species in one genus), Monodontomerinae (seven species in two genera), Podagrioninae (seven species in three genera) and Toryminae (38 species in six genera). Of the genera, Torymus, with 19 species, is most diverse, followed by Pseudotorymus Masi (12 species) (Fig. 19.1). Species have been recorded from 27 provinces (Table 21.4), of which Kordestan, with 20 recorded species, has the highest diversity (Fig. 19.2). However, the exact localities of five species, Glyphomerus carinatus Nikol’skaya, Monodontomerus aeneus (Fonscolombe), Diomorus armatus (Boheman), Torymus cyaneus Walker and Torymus flavipes (Walker), are unknown and fur­ ther collections are necessary even to prove their pres­ ence in Iran. Because most areas of Iran have yet to be sampled systematically, other species will certainly be discovered with more comprehensive faunistic surveys and we estimate 120–150 species of Torymidae will eventually be recorded in Iran. Host species have been determined for 29 species in Iran, with the galls of Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) wasps being the main hosts. Comparison of the torymid fauna of Iran with adjacent countries (Table 21.5) indicates that the fauna of Turkey (111 species) is more diverse than that of Iran (77 species), followed by Russia (69 species),

and Orthoptera (Tettigoniidae) (Bouček, 1977; Zerova and Seryogina, 1994, 2002; Grissell, 1995, 2000; Janšta et al., 2018). The most economically important torymid is Torymus sinensis Kamijo, 1982, originally distributed in continental China, but introduced into various countries through Asia, North America and Europe as a successful biological control agent against the chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Matošević et al., 2017; Avtsis et al., 2019). Modarres Awal (1997) provided the first checklist of the Torymidae of Iran and recorded four species in three genera. Stojanova and Ghahari (2009) and Fallahzadeh et al. (2009) listed 36 and 41 species, respectively, but seven and eight species, respec­ tively, were species of Megastigmus Dalman, which is now classified in Megastigmidae. Modarres Awal (2012) listed 20 species in 12 genera, of which five were species of Megastigmus; in addition, they erroneously placed Philotrypesis caricae (L.) in Torymidae rather than Pteromalidae. Finally, Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017) listed 80 species in two sub­ families: Megastigminae (ten species in two genera), and Toryminae (70 species in 16 genera). Based on our checklist, the fauna of Iranian Torymidae con­ sists of 77 species (~7.5% of the world species) following our inclusion of three newly recorded species of Torymus Dalman (T. azureus Boheman, T. impar Rondani and T. phillyreae Ruschka) and exclusion of two previously recorded species from Iran (Table 21.2). Four species are considered as

19

20 18 Number of species

16 14

12

12 10 7

8 6 4 2

6

5

4 2

3 1

3 1

1

1

1

2

5 1

1

2

Ad on C tom ry D pto eru id s ac pris tu ty lio s D cer io u m s o Er Ecd rus id on am u Ex tom a op er ris us Ex toid G opr es l Id yph istu io m om s ac er ro us M I m ic rido eru ro p s M do ha on nto ga od m on eru to s O mer op u s Po rist u d Po a s d g Ps ag rion eu rion do el la t To ory ry mu m s o To ide ry s m us

0

Genera of Iranian Torymidae Fig. 19.1.  Number of Torymidae species in genera known from Iran.

368

Chapter 19

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

25 Number of species

20 20 15 15

12 9

10

8

4 1

2 2

5 1 1

8

7

6 5

13

5

4

3

1 1

2 2

3 1

2 2 Albor z

Ilam Yazd Zanja n

Qom

Kuhg ilo

yeh &

Guila n Horm ozga n Boye rahm South ad ern K horas an Lores North tan ern K horas Sista an n&B aluch estan Kerm an Maza ndara Raza n vi Kh orasa n Khuz estan Fars Isfah an Goles tan West Azarb aijan East Azarb aijan Tehra n Korde Chah stan arma hal & Bakh tiari Ardab il Hama dan Qazv in

0

Provinces of Iran Fig. 19.2.  Number of reported species of Iranian Torymidae by province.

Kazakhstan (33 species), Azerbaijan (15 species), Turkmenistan (nine species), Armenia (eight species), Pakistan (five species), Iraq (three species) and Oman (one species); no species have been recorded from the other neighbouring countries (Noyes, 2019). Furthermore, the former USSR also had a reported 40 species (Noyes, 2019). Turkey shares 36 known torymid species with Iran, followed by Russia (26 species), Kazakhstan (12 species), Azerbaijan (10 species), Armenia (seven species), Turkmenistan (five species), Pakistan (four species) and Iraq and Oman (both with one species).

Checklist of Iranian TORYMIDAE Walker, 1833 Subfamily Chalcimerinae Janšta, Cruaud, Delvare, Genson, Heraty, Krˇížkováková and Rasplus, 2018 Genus Exopristoides Boucˇek, 1982 Exopristoides hypecoi Zerova and Stojanova, 2004 Catalogues with Iranain records: Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan (Zerova et al., 2008). General distribution: Bulgaria, Iran.

Family Torymidae Walker, 1833

Plant association in Iran: Galls on seed pods of Hypecoum imberbe (Papaveraceae) (Zerova et al., 2008). Subfamily Erimerinae Crawford, 1914 Genus Adontomerus Nikol’skaya, 1955 Adontomerus confusus Askew, 2000 Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Hormozgan (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2005). General distribution: Canary Islands, Iran. Adontomerus crassipes (Bouček, 1982) Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Ilam (Gharali and Zerova, 2004; Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2005; Modarres Awal, 2012, all as Microdontomerus crassipes; Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2014), Kuhgiloyeh & Boyerahmad (Saeidi, 2015). General distribution: Algeria, Iran, Spain. Host records in Iran: Acanthiophilus helianthi (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae) (Saeidi, 2015); Isocolus tinctorius Melika and Gharali (Hymenoptera:

369

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Cynipidae) on Carthamus tinctorius (Asteraceae) (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2005; Modarres Awal, 2012; Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2014). Adontomerus impolitus (Askew and Nieves-Aldrey, 1988) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan (Zerova et al., 2008). General distribution: Iran, Spain, Turkey, Uzbekistan. Host records in Iran: Galls at the base of flowers and receptacles of Tragopogon sp. (Asteraceae) induced by Aulacidea sp. (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) (Zerova et al., 2008). Adontomerus nesterovi Zerova, 1985 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Azadi and Fallahzadeh, 2014; Fallahzadeh et al., 2015). General distribution: Turkmenistan, former USSR. Genus Cryptopristus Förster, 1856 Cryptopristus caliginosus (Walker, 1833) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari (Sakenin et al., 2019). General distribution: Austria, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland (north and south), Macedonia, Netherlands, Romania, Slovakia, Sweden, Transcaucasus, for­ mer USSR. Cryptopristus salviae Zerova, 2008 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Zerova et al., 2008). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Host records in Iran: Parasitoid of Hedickiana levantina (Cynipidae) on Salvia syriaca (Zerova et al. 2008). Genus Eridontomerus Crawford, 1907 Eridontomerus biroi Ruschka, 1923 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Azadi and Fallahzadeh, 2014; Fallahzadeh et al., 2015).

370

General distribution: Czech Republic, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Romania, Slovakia. Eridontomerus fulviventris Erdős, 1954 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Azadi and Fallahzadeh, 2014). General distribution: Hungary, Romania, Turkey, Ukraine. Eridontomerus isosomatis (Riley, 1882) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Zanjan (Abd-Rabou et al., 2019). General distribution: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Slovakia, Tajikistan, Ukraine, United States of America, former USSR. Genus Exopristus Ruschka, 1923 Exopristus trigonomerus (Masi, 1916) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan (Zerova et al., 2008). General distribution: Bosnia Hercegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Macedonia, Moldova, Mongolia, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine, former USSR (Central Asia, European). Plant association in Iran: Seed heads of Centaurea salonitana (Asteraceae) (Zerova et al., 2008). Genus Idiomacromerus Crawford, 1914 Idiomacromerus balasi (Szelenyi, 1957) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Nikdel and Lotfalizadeh, 2011), Northwestern Iran (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2012; Noyes, 2019). General distribution: Bulgaria, Georgia, Hungary, Iran, Jordan, Moldova, Serbia, Slovakia, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Gall midge species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on Anthemis tinctoria (Asteraceae) (Nikdel and Lotfalizadeh, 2011). Idiomacromerus irani (Zerova and Seryogina, 2008) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017), Noyes (2019).

Chapter 19

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Distribution in Iran: Lorestan (Zerova and Seryogina, 2008, as Pseuderimerus irani). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Host records in Iran: Galls of Timaspis lorestanicus Tavakoli and Melika and Timaspis irani Tavakoli and Melika (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Lactuca orientalis (Asteraceae) (Zerova and Seryogina, 2008). Idiomacromerus cf. korneyevi Zerova and Seryogina, 2001 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Azadi and Fallahzadeh, 2014; Fallahzadeh et al., 2015). General distribution: Kirgizia. Idiomacromerus pannonicus (Ruschka, 1923) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Zanjan (Sakenin et al., 2019). General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, France, Hungary, Italy, Romania, Slovakia, Turkey. Idiomacromerus papaveris (Förster, 1856) Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Ilam (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2005), Qazvin (Arbab et al., 2004; Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2005; Modarres Awal, 2012), West Azarbaijan (Zerova et al., 2008). General distribution: Andorra, Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, England, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Macedonia, Moldova, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia. Plant associations in Iran: Carthamus oxycantha (Asteraceae), Glycyrrhiza glabra (Fabaceae) (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2005; Modarres Awal, 2012) and seeds of Hedysarum sp. (Fabaceae) (Zerova et al., 2008). Idiomacromerus perplexus (Gahan, 1914) Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Ardabil, Qazvin (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2005), Kordestan (Nazemi Rafie and Lotfalizadeh, 2012). General distribution: Argentina, Armenia, Canada, Chile, Hungary, Iran, Mexico, Romania, Russia, Serbia, United States of America, Uruguay, for­ mer USSR (Central Asia), Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia.

Family Torymidae Walker, 1833

Idiomacromerus terebrator (Masi, 1916) Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2005), Kerman (Madjdzadeh et al., 2013), Kordestan (Nazemi Rafie and Lotfalizadeh, 2012). General distribution: Armenia, Croatia, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Macedonia, Moldova, New Zealand, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Ukraine, United States of America, former USSR, Uzbekistan. Genus Microdontomerus Crawford, 1907 Microdontomerus albipes (Giraud, 1870) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017). Distribution in Iran: Kordestan (Nazemi Rafie and Lotfalizadeh, 2012, 2015). General distribution: Algeria. Microdontomerus annulatus (Spinola, 1808) Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari, East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2014), Fars (Azadi and Fallahzadeh, 2014; Fallahzadeh et al., 2015), Guilan, Mazandaran (Stojanova and Ghahari, 2009), Ilam (Gharali, 2004; Modarres Awal, 2012, both as Antistrophoplex cothurnatus (Masi, 1921); Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2005, 2014), Isfahan (Bagheri and Nematollahi, 2006; Nematollahi, 2010; Bagheri and Nasr Isfahani, 2011; Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2014; Nematollahi and Bagheri, 2018), Kerman (Madjdzadeh et al., 2013; Samin, 2015), Kuhgiloyeh & Boyerahmad (Saeidi and Adam, 2011; Saeidi, 2013, 2015; Khatima and Reza, 2015), Kordestan (Nazemi Rafie and Lotfalizadeh, 2012), Qom (Keyhanian, 2008), Tehran (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012, as Paraholaspis cothurnata Masi, 1921; Doosti et al., 2014). General distribution: Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Egypt, England, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Libya, Moldova, Montenegro, Pakistan, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine. Host records in Iran: Acanthiophilus helianthi (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae) on safflower (Carthamus

371

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

lanatus, C. oxycantha, C. tinctorius) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Gharali, 2004; Bagheri and Nematollahi, 2006, as Acanthiophilus cothurnatus (Masi); Saeidi, 2013, 2015; Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2014; Doosti et al., 2014); Acanthiophilus helianthi, Chaetorellia carthami Stackelberg and Terellia serratulae (L.) (Tephritidae) (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2005; Saeidi and Adam, 2011; Khatima and Reza, 2015). Plant associations in Iran: Carthamus tinctorius (Asteraceae) (Nematollahi and Bagheri, 2018). Subfamily Glyphomerinae Janšta, Cruaud, Delvare, Genson, Heraty, Krížková and Rasplus, 2018 Genus Glyphomerus Förster, 1856 Glyphomerus aylax Stojanova, 2005 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan (Zerova et al., 2008). General distribution: Bulgaria, Iran, Ukraine. Host records in Iran: Galls on seed pods of Hypecoum imberbe (Papaveraceae) induced by Aylax hypecoi (Trotter) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) (Zerova et al., 2008). Glyphomerus carinatus Nikol’skaya, 1952 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017). Distribution in Iran: Northwestern Iran (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2012). General distribution: Austria, France, Kirgizia, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan. Glyphomerus flavabdomen Zerova, 2008 Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan (Zerova et al., 2008). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Glyphomerus stigma (Fabricius, 1793) Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2005; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2006, 2012; Brasero et Martin, 2009), Kordestan (Nazemi Rafie and Lotfalizadeh, 2012), Tehran (Rakhshani

372

et al., 2003; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2006; Daneshvar et al., 2009; Modarres Awal, 2012), West Azarbaijan (Mohammadi et al., 2011). General distribution: Andorra, Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Japan, Kirgizia, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United States of America, former USSR (Siberia), former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Diplolepis fructuum (Rübsaamen) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Rosa canina (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2005, Mohammadi et al., 2011, Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012). Glyphomerus tibialis Förster, 1856 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017). Distribution in Iran: Hamadan (Ghahari and Doğanlar, 2017). General distribution: Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, England, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Jordan, Macedonia, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Plant association in Iran: Rosa canina (Rosaceae) (Ghahari and Doğanlar, 2017). Subfamily Monodontomerinae Ashmead, 1899 Genus Monodontomerus Westwood, 1833 Monodontomerus aeneus (Fonscolombe, 1832) Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Iran (no specific locality) (Baur, 2005). General distribution: Austria, Azerbaijan, Canada, Chile, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, England, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United States of America, former USSR (Central Asia, Siberia). Monodontomerus aereus Walker, 1834 Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Nikdel et al., 2004, 2008; Nikdel, 2015), Kordestan (Nazemi

Chapter 19

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Rafie and Lotfalizadeh, 2012), Qazvin (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2005; Gharali et al., 2005; Modarres Awal, 2012), Northwestern Iran (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2012). General distribution: Armenia, Austria, Bosnia Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Iran, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Macedonia, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Brown-tail moth, Euproctis chrysorrhoea (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) (Nikdel et al., 2004, 2008; Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2005; Modarres Awal, 2012), unknown species of Sphecidae (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2012), Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) (Nikdel, 2015). Monodontomerus minor (Ratzeburg, 1848) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017). Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Ghahari and Doğanlar, 2017). General distribution: Austria, Canada, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, India, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Nearctic, Netherlands, Pakistan, Poland, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, South Korea, Sweden, Tajikistan, Turkey, Ukraine, United States of America, former USSR (Central Asia, Siberia). Monodontomerus obscurus Westwood, 1833 Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017). Distribution in Iran: Ardabil (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2005), Fars (Stojanova and Ghahari, 2009; Fallahzadeh et al., 2015), Hamadan, Isfahan, Mazandaran, Northern Khorasan, Southern Khorasan (Stojanova and Ghahari, 2009), Ilam (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2005), Kerman (Madjdzadeh et al., 2013), Kordestan (Nazemi Rafie and Lotfalizadeh, 2012). General distribution: Azores, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Macedonia, Moldova, Netherlands, Pakistan, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Turkmenistan,

Family Torymidae Walker, 1833

Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America. Monodontomerus rugulosus Thomson, 1876 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Fallahzadeh et al., 2015). General distribution: Armenia, Austria, Colombia, Czech Republic, England, France, Moldova, Netherlands, Slovakia, Sweden, Turkey, former USSR. Monodontomerus vicicellae (Walker, 1847) Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran, Tehran (Tremewan, 1976, 1977). General distribution: Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Macedonia, Moldova, Mongolia, Netherlands, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Ukraine, United Kingdom. Monodontomerus sp. Distribution in Iran: Tehran (Imani, 2000). Host records in Iran: Megachile rotundata Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) (Imani, 2000). Genus Oopristus Steffan, 1968 Oopristus turkestanicus (Skriptshinsky, 1929) Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Azadi and Fallahzadeh, 2014; Fallahzadeh et al., 2015), Tehran (Steffan, 1968; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012, as Oopristus safavii Steffan, 1968), Iran (no specific locality) (Farooqi, 1986). General distribution: Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, Turkey, Uzbekistan. Host records in Iran: Apodiphus amygdali (Germar) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012). Subfamily Podagrioninae Ashmead, 1904 Genus Iridophaga Picard, 1933 Iridophaga lichtensteini Picard, 1933 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017, as Podagrionella lichtensteini).

373

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Distribution in Iran: Fars (Fallahzadeh et al., 2015, as P. lichtensteini), Ilam (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2005), Kordestan (Nazemi Rafie and Lotfalizadeh, 2012, as P. lichtensteini). General distribution: Canary Islands, France, Iran, Kazakhstan, Spain. Comments: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009) and Fallahzadeh et al. (2009, 2015) erroneously recorded East Azarbaijan as the locality of I. lichtensteini based on Lotfalizadeh and Gharali (2005), whereas these authors recorded only Ilam province (Shirvan-Chardaval) for this species. Genus Podagrion Spinola, 1811 Podagrion bouceki Delvare, 2005 Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Delvare, 2005), Kordestan (Nazemi Rafie and Lotfalizadeh, 2012). General distribution: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, France, Corsica, Gambia, Guinea, Iran, Ivory Coast, Morocco, Oman, Portugal, Senegal, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Turkey. Podagrion gibbum Bernard, 1938 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Fallahzadeh et al., 2015). General distribution: France, Greece, Romania, Spain. Podagrion minus Strand, 1911 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017). Distribution in Iran: Kordestan (Nazemi Rafie and Lotfalizadeh, 2012, 2015). General distribution: Italy, Morocco, Spain. Podagrion pachymerum (Walker, 1833) Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Yazd (Ebrahimi and Ahmadian, 2002; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Algeria, Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Iran, Italy, Madeira, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Syria, Turkey, Ukraine.

374

Host records in Iran: Parasitoid of ootheca (egg capsule) of Mantidae (Mantodea) (Modarres Awal, 2012). Podagrion splendens Spinola, 1811 Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017). Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Stojanova and Ghahari, 2009), Northwestern Iran (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2012). General distribution: Bosnia Hercegovina, Croatia, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Morocco, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Turkey. Host records in Iran: Parasitoid of ootheca of Mantis religiosa (L.) (Mantodea: Mantidae) (Stojanova and Ghahari, 2009). Genus Podagrionella Girault, 1914 Podagrionella caudata Narendran, 1994 Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al., 2010, as Podagrionella petiolatus (Erdős, 1964) – misidentification), Guilan (Ghahari et al., 2010, as Podagrionella tatianae (Bouček, 1976) – misidentification), Sistan & Baluchestan (Tatogh et al., 2008; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: India (Tamil Nadu), Iran. Host records in Iran: Parasitoid of ootheca of Mantidae (Mantodea) (Tatogh et al., 2008; Modarres Awal, 2012). Comments: Podagrionella petiolatus and Podagrionella tatianae are synonyms of Iridophagoides petiolatus Erdős, 1964 and Iridophagoides tatianae Bouček, 1976, respectively (Noyes, 2019). Subfamily Toryminae Walker, 1833 Genus Didactyliocerus Masi, 1916 Didactyliocerus dispar Masi, 1916 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017, as Torymoides dispar). Distribution in Iran: Golestan, Mazandaran (Ghahari et al., 2016, as Torymoides dispar), Kordestan (Nazemi Rafie and Lotfalizadeh, 2012, 2015, as T. dispar). General distribution: Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Slovakia, Syria, Transcaucasus, Turkey.

Chapter 19

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Genus Diomorus Walker, 1834 Diomorus armatus (Boheman, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017, as Torymus armatus). Distribution in Iran: Northwestern Iran (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2012, as Torymus armatus). General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, England, Germany, Ireland, Japan, Netherlands, Papua New Guinea, Russia, Sweden, Ukraine, former USSR (European). Diomorus calcaratus (Nees, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017, as Torymus calcaratus), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh, 2014, as Torymus calcaratus). General distribution: Armenia, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Caucasus, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Hungary, India, Iran, Italy, Macedonia, Moldova, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine, former USSR. Diomorus cupreus (Spinola, 1808) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017, as Torymus cupreus), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2012; Lotfalizadeh, 2014, both as Torymus cupreus), Fars (Azadi and Fallahzadeh, 2014; Fallahzadeh et al., 2015, both as T. cupreus). General distribution: Austria, Caucasus, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Iran, Israel, Italy, Moldova, Montenegro, Myanmar, Netherlands, Russia, Slovakia, Ukraine, former USSR. Genus Ecdamua Walker, 1862 Ecdamua nambui Kamijo, 1979 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017). Distribution in Iran: Lorestan (Stojanova and Ghahari, 2009). General distribution: Hungary (László and Pfliegler 2011), Japan, Ukraine. Genus Pseudotorymus Masi, 1921 Pseudotorymus arvernicus (Walker, 1833) Catalogues with Iranain records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017).

Family Torymidae Walker, 1833

Distribution in Iran: Guilan, Kerman, Razavi Khorasan (Stojanova and Ghahari, 2009). General distribution: Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, England, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Mongolia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Palaearctic, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine. Pseudotorymus euphorbiae Zerova and Seryogina 1999 Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Ilam (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2005). General distribution: Iran, Ukraine. Host records in Iran: Gall-making midges on Euphorbia boisseriana (Euphorbiaceae) (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2005). Pseudotorymus frontinus (Walker, 1851) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017). Distribution in Iran: Kordestan (Nazemi Rafie and Lotfalizadeh, 2012). General distribution: Austria, England, Hungary, Wales. Pseudotorymus krygeri Hoffmeyer, 1931 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017). Distribution in Iran: Kordestan (Nazemi Rafie and Lotfalizadeh, 2012). General distribution: Denmark, Netherlands, Sweden. Pseudotorymus leguminus Ruschka, 1923 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017). Distribution in Iran: Kordestan (Nazemi Rafie and Lotfalizadeh, 2012, 2015). General distribution: Austria, Czech Republic, England, Germany, Ukraine. Pseudotorymus medicaginis (Mayr, 1874) Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2005), Kerman (Madjdzadeh et al., 2013), Kordestan (Nazemi Rafie and Lotfalizadeh, 2012).

375

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

General distribution: Austria, Czech Republic, England, Iran, Mongolia, Romania, Sweden, Ukraine. Host records in Iran: Gall-making Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) in alfalfa fields (Medicago sativa L.) (Fabaceae) (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2005). Pseudotorymus militaris (Boheman, 1834) Catalogues with Iranian records: Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Kerman (Madjdzadeh et al., 2013), West Azarbaijan (Zerova et al., 2008). General distribution: Czech Republic, England, Germany, Iran, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine. Plant associations in Iran: Seeds of Hedysarum sp. (Fabaceae) (Zerova et al., 2008). Pseudotorymus papaveris (Thomson, 1876) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017). Distribution in Iran: Kordestan (Nazemi Rafie and Lotfalizadeh, 2012). General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Moldova, Mongolia, Netherlands, Romania, Serbia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine. Pseudotorymus regalis Askew, 2006 Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Lorestan (Askew et al., 2006a), Iran (no specific locality) (Askew et al., 2006b). General distribution: Endemic to Iran. Host records in Iran: Diplolepis mayri (Schlechtendal) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Rosa sp. (Rosaceae) (Askew et al., 2006a). Pseudotorymus salviae Ruschka, 1923 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017). Distribution in Iran: Kordestan (Nazemi Rafie and Lotfalizadeh, 2012, 2015). General distribution: Germany, Hungary, Romania. Plant associations in Iran: Sweeping on Asteraceae (Nazemi Rafie and Lotfalizadeh, 2015). Pseudotorymus sapphyrinus (Fonscolombe, 1832) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al., 2010), Golestan (Ghahari et al., 2016), Kordestan (Nazemi Rafie and Lotfalizadeh, 2012, 2015).

376

General distribution: Azerbaijan, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Moldova, Mongolia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine. Host records in Iran: Andricus multiplicatus Giraud (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) (Nazemi Rafie and Lotfalizadeh, 2015). Pseudotorymus stachidis (Mayr, 1874) Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Fallahzadeh et al., 2006, 2008; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Austria, Hungary, Iran, Sweden, Ukraine. Host records in Iran: Dicrodiplosis manihoti Harris (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) (Fallahzadeh et al., 2006, 2008; Modarres Awal, 2012). Genus Torymoides Walker, 1871 Torymoides kiesenwetteri (Mayr, 1874) Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Azadi and Fallahzadeh, 2014, Fallahzadeh et al., 2015), Kerman (Madjdzadeh et al., 2013), Mazandaran (Stojanova and Ghahari, 2009), Southern Khorasan (Samin, 2015). General distribution: Andorra, Bulgaria, Canary Islands, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Egypt, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Italy, Macedonia, Madeira, Moldova, Nepal, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, Serbia, Yemen, former Yugoslavia. Torymoides violaceus (Nikol’skaya, 1954) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017). Distribution in Iran: Yazd (Lotfalizadeh and Mohammadi-Khoramabadi, 2015). General distribution: Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Japan, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Mongolia, Spain, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Galls of Rhopalomyia hispanica Tavares (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on Artemisia herba-alba (Asteraceae) (Lotfalizadeh and Mohammadi-Khoramabadi, 2015).

Chapter 19

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Genus Torymus Dalman, 1820 Torymus affinis (Fonscolombe, 1832) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017). Distribution in Iran: Guilan, Mazandaran (Ghahari and Doğanlar, 2017). General distribution: Andorra, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, England, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Biorhiza pallida (Olivier) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Quercus sp. (Fagaceae), Cynips quercusfolii (L.) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Quercus sp. (Ghahari and Doğanlar, 2017). Torymus angelicae (Walker, 1836) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Tehran (Sakenin et al., 2019). General distribution: Austria, Belgium, former Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland (north and south), Italy, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Sweden, United Kingdom, former USSR. Torymus artemisiae Mayr, 1874 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017). Distribution in Iran: Yazd (Lotfalizadeh and Mohammadi-Khoramabadi, 2015). General distribution: France, Hungary, Romania, Russia, Turkmenistan, Turkey, Ukraine. Host records in Iran: Galls of Rhopalomyia navasi Tavares (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on Artemisia herba-alba (Asteraceae) (Lotfalizadeh and Mohammadi-Khoramabadi, 2015). Torymus auratus (Müller, 1764) Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2005; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2006, 2012), Kordestan (Davatchi and Shojai, 1969; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012 as Torymus nigricornis (Fabricius 1793)), Lorestan (Azizkhani et al., 2008), Iran (no specific locality) (Tavakoli et al., 2010). General distribution: Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, England,

Family Torymidae Walker, 1833

France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Moldova, Morocco, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Scotland, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Cynips sp. (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) (Davatchi and Shojai, 1969; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Diplolepis fructuum (Rübsaamen) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Rosa canina (Rosaceae) (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2005; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012), Dryocosmus israeli (Sternlicht) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Quercus brantii (Fagaceae), Cynips quercusfolii (L.) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Quercus infectoria (Azizkhani et al., 2008). Torymus azureus Boheman, 1834 Catalogues with Iranian records: None (newly recorded from Iran). Distribution in Iran: Qazvin province, KhorramDasht (Rahim-Abad), 1♀, 2♂, July 2012. General distribution: Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former Yugoslavia. Torymus bedeguaris (Linnaeus, 1758) Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Davatchi and Shojai, 1969), East Azatbaijan (Davatchi and Shojai, 1969; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2005; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2006, 2012), Isfahan (Davatchi and Shojai, 1969; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Kerman (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012; Madjdzadeh et al., 2013), Tehran (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Rakhshani et al., 2003; Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2005; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2006; Daneshvar et al., 2009), West Azarbaijan (Daneshvar et al., 2009; Mohammadi et al., 2011), Iran (no specific local­ ity) (Askew et al., 2006a,b). General distribution: Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, England, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Moldova, Nearctic, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Serbia,

377

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United States of America, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Diplolepis mayri (Schlechtendal) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) (Davatchi and Shojai, 1969; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012 as Rhodites mayri Schlechtendal; Askew et al., 2006a; Daneshvar et al., 2009), Diplolepis fructuum (Rübsaamen) on Rosa canina (Rosaceae) (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2005; Mohammadi et al., 2011; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012). Torymus caudatus Boheman, 1834 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Qazvin (Abd-Rabou et al., 2019). General distribution: Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former Yugoslavia. Torymus cultriventris Ratzeburg, 1844 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017). Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan (Ghahari and Doğanlar, 2017). General distribution: Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Andricus curvator Hartig (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Quercus petraea (Fagaceae) (Ghahari and Doğanlar, 2017). Torymus cyaneus Walker, 1847 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017). Distribution in Iran: Iran (no specific locality) (Tavakoli et al., 2010). General distribution: Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Moldova, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom. Host records in Iran: Gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Quercus spp. (Fagaceae) (Tavakoli et al., 2010). Torymus erucarum (Schrank, 1781) Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017), Noyes (2019).

378

Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan (Zargaran et al., 2008; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: Andorra, Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, England, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Macedonia, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Cynips quercus (Fourcroy) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Quercus infectoria (Fagaceae) (Zargaran et al., 2008; Modarres Awal, 2012). Torymus fastuosus Boheman, 1834 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Zanjan (Sakenin et al., 2019). General distribution: Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Germany, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom. Torymus flavipes (Walker, 1833) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017). Distribution in Iran: Iran (no specific locality) (Tavakoli et al., 2010). General distribution: Andorra, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, England, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Scotland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Quercus spp. (Fagaceae) (Tavakoli et al., 2010). Torymus geranii (Walker, 1833) Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017). Distribution in Iran: Fars, Khuzestan (Golestaneh et al., 2008), Ilam (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2005), Lorestan (Azizkhani et al., 2005, 2008; Modarres Awal, 2012), Iran (no specific locality) (Tavakoli et al., 2010). General distribution: Andorra, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, England, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, South Korea, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine.

Chapter 19

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Host records in Iran: Dryocosmus israeli (Sternlicht) (as Chilaspis israeli Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali, 2005), Dryocosmus israeli (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) (Azizkhani et al., 2008; Golestaneh et al., 2008), Dryocosmus mikoi Melika, Tavakoli, Stone and Azizkhani (Azizkhani et al., 2008), Neuroterus saliens (Kollar) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) (Kollar, 1857), Neuroterus lanuginosus (Giraud) (Golestaneh et al., 2008). Torymus impar Rondani, 1877 Catalogues with Iranian records: None (newly recorded from Iran). Distribution in Iran: Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari prov­ ince, Lordegan (Khardar), 2♀, ex Andricus grossulariae Giraud, 1859 (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Quercus infectoria (Fagaceae), June 2011. General distribution: Azerbaijan, Denmark, Finland, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Netherlands, Poland, Sweden, Transcaucasus, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom. Torymus lapsanae (Hoffmeyer, 1930) Catalogues with Iranian records: Stojanova and Ghahari (2009), Fallahzadeh et al. (2009), Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017), Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars, Tehran (Hesami et al., 2008, 2010; Modarres Awal, 2012). General distribution: France, Hungary, Iran, Sweden, Ukraine. Host records in Iran: Diplolepis rosae (L.) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Rosa canina (Rosaceae) (Hesami et al., 2008, 2010; Modarres Awal, 2012). Torymus nitidulus (Walker, 1833) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017). Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Ghahari et al., 2016), Kordestan (Nazemi Rafie and Lotfalizadeh, 2012). General distribution: China, Czech Republic, England, Germany, Hungary, Mongolia, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United States of America, former USSR. Torymus phillyreae Ruschka, 1921 Catalogues with Iranian records: None (newly recorded from Iran). Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan province, Piranshahr (Lajan), 2♀, 1♂, ex Dryocosmus mikoi Melika, Tavakoli, Stone and Azizkhani, 2006

Family Torymidae Walker, 1833

(Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Quercus brantii (Fagaceae), May 2011. General distribution: Armenia, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom. Torymus rubi (Schrank, 1781) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017). Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Ghahari et al., 2010). General distribution: Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, England, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Torymus varians (Walker, 1833) Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017). Distribution in Iran: Alborz, Isfahan (Azizkhani et al., 2010). General distribution: Australia, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, England, France, Germany, India, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Moldova, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Ukraine, United States of America, for­ mer USSR (Central Asia). Plant associations in Iran: Crataegus aminii and Crataegus babakhanloui (Rosaceae) (Azizkhani et al., 2010). Species excluded from the fauna of Iran Genus Iridophagoides Erdo˝s, 1964 Iridophagoides petiolatus Erdős, 1964 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017, as Podagrionella petiolata = Iridophagoides petiolatus). Reported distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al., 2010, as Podagrionella petiolata). General distribution: Algeria. Comments: Re-examination of the specimens of Ghahari et al. (2010) proved they were misiden­ tifications of Podagrionella caudata Narendran and we therefore exclude I. petiolatus from the fauna of Iran and transfer its data to P. caudata.

379

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Iridophagoides tatianae Bouček, 1976 Catalogues with Iranian records: Ghahari and Doğanlar (2017, as Podagrionella tatianae = Iridophagoides tatianae). Reported distribution in Iran: Guilan (Ghahari et al., 2010, as Podagrionella tatianae). General distribution: Spain. Comments: Re-examination of the specimens of Ghahari et al. (2010) proved they were misiden­ tifications of Podagrionella caudata Narendran and we therefore exclude I. tatianae from the fauna of Iran and transfer its data to P. caudata.

References Abd-Rabou, S., Samin, N., Sakenin Chelav, H., Amoughli Tabari, M., Trjapitzin, V.A. and Sureshan, P.M. (2019) New records of Encyrtidae, Eulophidae, Eurytomidae, Mymaridae, Pteromalidae and Torymidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Iran. Egyptian Journal of Plant Protection Research Institute 2, 648–652. Arbab, A, Gharali, B. and Zerova, M. (2004) Report of three species of Chalcidoidea from Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 24, 129–130. Askew, R.R., Sadeghi, S.E. and Tavakoli, M. (2006a) Chalcidoidea (Hym.) in galls of Diplolepis mayri (Schlechtendal) (Hym., Cynipidae) in Iran, with the description of a new species of Pseudotorymus Masi (Hym., Torymidae). Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 142, 1–6. Askew, R.R., Plantard, O., Gómez, J.F., Hernandez Nieves, M. and Nieves-Aldrey, J.L. (2006b) Catalogue of parasitoids and inquilines in galls of Aylacini, Diplolepini and Pediaspidini (Hym., Cynipidae) in West Palaearctic. Zootaxa 1301, 1–60. Avtzis, D.N., Melika, G., Matošević, D., Coyle, D.R. (2019) The Asian chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus: a global invader and a successful case of classical biological control. Journal of Pest Science 92, 107–115. Azadi, S. and Fallahzadeh, M. (2014) A faunistic study of Torymidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) in south of Fars province, Iran. Proceedings of the 21st Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 23–26 August 2014, Urmia University, p. 569. Azizkhani, E., Rasulian, G., Kharazi-Pakdel, A., Sadeghi, S.E., Tavakoli, M. and Melika, G. (2005) Report of eight species of parasitoid wasps belonging to Chalcidoidea from cynipid galls on oak trees. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 25, 79–80. Azizkhani, E., Sadeghi, S.E., Rasulian, G., Omid, R., Moniri, V.R., Farashiani, M.E. and Salahi, A. (2008) Parasitoids associated with oak gall wasps in Lorestan province. Forest and Range Protection Research 5, 175–186.

380

Azizkhani, E., Mirzadeh Vaghefi, S., Omid, R. and Yarmand, H. (2010) First record of the seed wasp Torymus varians (Walker, 1833) (Hym.: Torymidae) from Iran. Iranian Journal of Forest and Range Protection Research 8, 92–93. Bagheri, M.R. and Nasr Isfahani, M. (2011) The fauna of harmful and beneficial arthropods of medicinal and range plants in Isfahan. Journal of Entomological Research 3, 119–132 [in Persian, English summary]. Bagheri, M.R. and Nematollahi, M.R. (2006) Biology and damage rate of safflower shoot fly Acanthiophilus helianthi in Esfahan province. Proceedings of the 17th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 2–5 September 2006, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, p. 268. Baur, H. (2005) Determination List of Entomophagous Insects, No. 14. Bulletin 28, Section Regionale Ouest Palaearctique, Organisation Internationale de Lutte Biologique [International Organisation for Biological Control/West Palaearctic Regional Section (IOBC/ WPRS)], Paris, 71 pp. Bouček, Z. (1977) A faunistic review of the Yugoslavian Chalcidoidea (parasitic Hymenoptera). Acta Ento­ mologica Jugoslavica 13 (Supplement), 1–145. Bouček, Z. (1988) Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hyme­ noptera). A biosystematic revision of genera of four­ teen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International, London, 832 pp. Brasero et Martin, N. (2009) Systématique des Chalcidoidea de l’ambre de l’Oise. Mémoire en Sciences Biologiques, Université de Mons-Hainaut, 96 pp. Campbell, B., Heraty, J., Rasplus, J.-Y., Chan, K., Steffen-Campbell, J. and Babcock, C.S. (2000) Molecular systematics of the Chalcidoidea using 28S-D2 rDNA, In: Austin, A.D. and Dowton, M. (eds) The Hymenoptera: Evolution, Biodiversity and Biological Control. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia, pp. 59–73. Crawford, J.C. (1914) Notes on the chalcidoid family Callimomidae. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 16, 122–126. Cruaud, A., Jabbour-Zahab, R., Genson, G., Cruaud, C., Couloux, A. et al. (2010) Laying the foundations for a new classification of Agaonidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), a multilocus phylogenetic approach. Cladistics 26, 359–387. Daneshvar, S., Talebi, A.A. and Fathipour, Y. (2009) The wasps associated with seeds and galls of Rosa canina in Iran. Advances in Environmental Biology 3, 63–65. Davatchi, A. and Shojai, M. (1969) Les Hyménoptères entomophages de l’Iran – études faunistiques. Vol. 107. Faculty of Agriculture, University Publishing, Tehran, 88 pp. [in Persian, French summary]. Delvare, G. (2005) A revision of the West-Palearctic Podagrion (Hymenoptera: Torymidae), with the description of Podagrion bouceki sp. nov. Acta

Chapter 19

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Societatis Zoologicae Bohemoslovenicae 69, 65–88. Doosti, S., Abbasipour, H. and Askarianzadeh, A. (2014) Natural parasitism of safflower fly, Acanthiophilus heli­ anthi Rossi (Dip.: Tephritidae) by Microdontomerus annulatus on the different cultivars in south of Tehran. Proceedings of the 21st Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 23–26 August 2014, Urmia University, p. 609. Ebrahimi, E. and Ahmadian, H.A. (2002) Report of Podagrion pachymerum (Hym., Torymidae) from Iran. Proceedings of the 15th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 7–11 September 2002, Razi University of Kermanshah, p. 166. Fallahzadeh, M., Shojai, M., Ostovan, H. and Kamali, K. (2006) An investigation of mealybug predators fauna in Fars province – Iran. Proceedings of the 17th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 2–5 September 2006, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, p. 84. Fallahzadeh, M., Shojai, M., Ostovan, H. and Kamali, K. (2008) The first report of Pseudotorymus stachidis (Hym.: Torymidae) from Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 27, 17–18 [in Persian, English summary]. Fallahzadeh, M., Narendran, T.C. and Saghaei, N. (2009) Insecta, Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eurytomidae and Torymidae in Iran. CheckList 5, 830–839. Fallahzadeh, M., Azadi, S. and Janšta, P. (2015) A contribution to the knowledge of the Torymidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) from South-Western Iran. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 50, 297–305. Farooqi, S.I. (1986) Family Torymidae. In: Subba Rao, B.R. and Hayat, M. (eds) The Chalcidoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of India and the Adjacent Countries. Part II. Oriental Insects. Associated Publishers, Washington, DC, p. 20. Ghahari, H. and Doğanlar, M. (2017) An annotated catalog of the Iranian Torymidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Transactions of the American Ento­ mological Society 143, 453–472. Ghahari, H., Abd-Rabou, S., Sakenin, H., Hedqvist, K.J. and Ostovan, H. (2010) A contribution to some Chalcidoidea wasps (Hymenoptera) from Iran. Journal of Biological Control 24, 17–21. Ghahari, H., Myartseva, S.N. and Ruíz-Cancino, E. (2016) A faunistic study on some families of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) from Golestan province and vicinity, northern Iran. Folia Entomológica Mexicana 2, 10–15. Gharali, B. (2004) Study of natural enemies of safflower shoot flies in Ilam province. Proceedings of the 16th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 August – 1 September 2004, University of Tabriz, p. 54. Gharali, B. and Zerova, M. (2004) Natural enemies of safflower gall wasp, Isocolus sp. (Cynipidae: Aylacini) in Ilam province. Proceedings of the 16th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 August – 1 September 2004, University of Tabriz, p. 55.

Family Torymidae Walker, 1833

Gharali, B., Lotfalizadeh, H.A., Ebrahimi, E. and Zerova, M. (2005) Record of Monodontomerus aereus (Hym.: Torymidae) from Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 25, 66. Gibson, G.A.P. (1993) Superfamilies Mymarommatoidea and Chalcidoidea. In: Goulet, H. and Huber, J. (eds) Hymenoptera of the World: an Identification Guide to Families. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, pp. 570–655. Golestaneh, S.R., Sadeghii, S.E., Azizkhani, E. and Farrar, N. (2008) Oak cynipid gall wasps (Hym.: Cynipidae) and associated parasitoids on Persian oak, Quercus brantii in southern Zagros. Iranian Journal of Forest and Range Protection Research 6, 20–28. Grissell, E.E. (1995) Toryminae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Torymidae): A redefinition, generic classification and annotated world catalogue of spe­ cies. Vol. 2. Memoirs on Entomology, International. Associated Publishers, Gainesville, Florida, 470 pp. Grissell, E.E. (2000) A revision of new World Monodontomerus (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Torymidae). Contribution of the American Entomological Institute 32, 1–90. Heraty, J.M., Burks, R.A., Cruaud, A., Gibson, G.A.P., Liljeblad, J. et al. (2013) A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Cladistics 29, 466–542. Hesami, S., Behzadi, M.R., Ebrahimi, E., Miresmaili, S.S. and Doğanlar, M. (2008) Report of Torymus lapsanae (Hym.: Torymidae), a parasitoid of Diplolepis rosae (Hym.: Cynipidae) from Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran (Supplement) 27, 17–18. Hesami, S., Gheibi, M., Behzadi, M.R. and Seyedebrahimi, S. (2010) Rose gall wasp, Diplolepis rosae (Hym., Cynipidae) and its associated wasps in Iran. Proceedings of IX European Congress of Entomology, 22–27 August 2010, Budapest, Hungary, p. 228. Imani, B. (2000) Mortality factors affecting alfalfa leaf cutting bee (Megachile rotundata F.: Megachilidae). Proceedings of the 14th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 5–8 September 2000, Isfahan University of Technology, p. 25. Janšta, P., Cruaud, A., Delvare, G., Genson, G., Heraty, J., Křížková, B. and Rasplus, J.-Y. (2018) Torymidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) revised: molecular phylogeny, circumscription and reclassification of the family with discussion of its biogeography and evolution of life-history traits. Cladistics 34, 627–651. Keyhanian, A.A. (2008) Seasonal abundance of the safflower fly, Acanthiophilus helianthi Rossi (Diptera: Tephritidae), and its infestation on safflower, Carthamus tinctorius L. in Ghom province. Pajouhesh and Sazandegi 78, 57–62 [in Persian, English summary]. Khatima, A. and Reza, M. (2015) An overview on pest insect fauna of safflower fields in Iran. African Journal of Insects 2, 34–38.

381

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

László, Z. and Pfliegler, W. (2011) Records of a new subfamily, a new genus and three new species of chalcids for the fauna of Hungary (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Folia Entomologica Hungarica 72, 73–78. Lotfalizadeh, H. (2014) New findings of two Torymus species (Hym.: Chalcidoidea, Torymidae) of cupreusgroup in Iran. Biharen Biologist 8, 124–125. Lotfalizadeh, H. and Gharali, B. (2005) Introduction to the Torymidae fauna (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Iran. Zoology in the Middle East 36, 67–72. Lotfalizadeh, H. and Gharali, B. (2012) New data on the family Torymidae (Hym.: Chalcidoidea) in the northwest of Iran. Proceedings of the 20th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 6–29 August 2012, University of Shiraz, p. 188. Lotfalizadeh, H. and Gharali, B. (2014) Hymenopterous parasitoids of safflower seed pests in Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 82, 1–11. Lotfalizadeh, H. and Mohammadi-Khoramabadi, A. (2015) Two torymid species (Hym.: Chalcidoidea, Torymidae) developing on Artemisia gall midges (Dip.: Cecidomyiidae). Journal of Plant Protection Research 55, 351–353. Lotfalizadeh, H., Rasplus, J.Y. and Delvare, G. (2006) Rose gall wasps and their associated fauna (Hymenoptera) in Iran. Redia 89, 73–85. Lotfalizadeh, H., Rajabi, M. and Madjdzadeh, S.M. (2012) Parasitoids community of Diplolepis fructuum (Rübsaamen) (Hym.: Cynipidae) in Kerman province, with checklist of its associated Hymenoptera fauna in Iran. North-Western Journal of Zoology 8, 125–131. Madjdzadeh, S.M., Lotfalizadeh, H. and Abolhasanzadeh, F. (2013) The family Torymidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Kerman province, Southeastern Iran. Biharean Biologist 7, 20–24. Matošević, D., Lacković, N., Kos, K., Kriston, E., Melika, G., Rot, M. and Pernek, M. (2017) Success of classical biocontrol agent Torymus sinensis within its expanding range in Europe. Journal of Applied Entomology 141, 758–767. Modarres Awal, M. (1997) Family Torymidae. In: Modarres Awal, M. (ed.) List of Agricultural Pests and their Natural Enemies in Iran. 2nd edn. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, Iran, pp. 283–284. Modarres Awal, M. (2012) Family Torymidae. In: Modarres Awal, M. (ed.) List of Agricultural Pests and their Natural Enemies in Iran. 3rd edn. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, Iran, pp. 522–524. Mohammadi, R., Lotfalizadeh, H. and Pashayi-Rad, S. (2011) Hymenopterous parasitoids associated with rose gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) at the north of West-Azerbaijan province: composition of species and their seasonal changes. Journal of Field Crop Entomology 1, 17–30. Munro, J.B., Heraty, J.M., Burks, R.A., Hawks, D., Mottern, J. et al. (2011) A molecular phylogeny of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). PLoS ONE 6, e27023.

382

Nazemi Rafie, J. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2012) Identification and diversity of torymid wasps (Hym.: Chalcidoidea, Torymidae) of Kurdistan province. Proceedings of the 20th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 26–29 August 2012, University of Shiraz, p. 105. Nazemi Rafie, J. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2015) The first report of six species and genus of Torymidae family (Hym: Chalcidoidea) from Iran. Journal of Plant Protection 29, 43–54. Nematollahi, M.R. (2010) Insect community structure in safflower fields of Esfahan province, Iran. Proceedings of 19th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 31 July – 3 August 2010, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, p. 620. Nematollahi, M.R. and Bagheri, M.R. (2018) Distribution and population density of safflower pests and their natural enemies in Isfahan province, Iran. Applied Researches in Plant Protection 7, 91–101. Nikdel, M. (2015) Complementary identification of biological control agents of gypsy moth, Lymantria dis­ par (Lep.: Lymantriidae) in Arasbaran forests. Agricultural Pest Management 2, 30–38 [in Persian, English summary]. Nikdel, M. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2011) First report of Idiomacromerus balasi (Hym.: Torymidae), parasitoids of a cecidomyiid gall midge in Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 79, 155–156. Nikdel, M., Sadaghian, B. and Dordaei, A. (2004) Collection and identification of brown-tail moth’s natural enemies in Arasbaran forest. The Joint Agriculture and Natural Resources Symposium. Tabriz – Ganja, pp. 1–5. Nikdel, M., Sadaghian, B., Dordaei, A.A. and Askari, H. (2008) Identification, distribution and evaluation of natural enemies associated with Euproctis chrysor­ rhoea (Lep.: Lymantriidae) in Arasbaran forests of Iran. Iranian Journal of Forest and Range Protection Research 5, 114–125. Noyes, J.S. (1990) A word on chalcidoid classification. Chalcid Forum 13, 6–7. Noyes, J.S. (2019) Universal Chalcidoidea Database. Available at: www.nhm.ac.uk/chalcidoids (accessed December 2019). Rakhshani, E., Taleb, A., Sadeghi, S.E., Ebrahimi, E. and Thuroczy, C. (2003) Report of five wasps species associated with dog rose galls in Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 23, 107–108. Saeidi, K. (2013) Hymenopterous pupal parasitoids of Acanthiophilus helianthi Rossi (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Kohgiloyeh safflower farms. Proceedings of the 2nd Global Conference on Entomology, November 8–12, 2013, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia, p. 28. Saeidi, K. (2015) Pupal hymenopterous parasitoids of Acanthiophilus helianthi (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Kohgiluyeh safflower farms. Plant Protection Journal 7, 47–57 [in Persian, English summary].

Chapter 19

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Saeidi, K. and Adam, N.A. (2011) A survey on pest insect fauna of safflower fields in the Iranian province of Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad. African Journal of Agricultural Research 6, 4441–4446. Sakenin, H., Samin, N., Trjapitzin, V.A., Dzhanokmen, K.A., Prinsloo, G.L. and Abd-Rabou, S. (2019) A faunistic study on Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) of Iran. Calodema 733, 1–5. Samin, N. (2015) A faunistic study on some families of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) from Iran. Arquivos Entomoloxicos 14, 119–124. Steffan, J.R. (1968) Observations sur Chalcedectus sinaiti­ cus (MS.) et descriptions de C. balachowskyi sp. n. (Hym. Chalcedectidae) et d’Oopristus safavii gen. n., sp. n. (Hym. Torymidae), deux parasites d’importance économique en Iran. Entomophaga 13, 209–216. Stojanova, H. and Ghahari, H. (2009) Checklists of Iranian Eurytomidae and Torymidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Linzer Biologische Beiträge 41, 845–862. Tatogh, A., Lotfalizadeh, H. and Rakhshani, E. (2008) Occurence of Podagrionella caudata Narendran, 1994 (Hym.: Torymidae), an oothecal parasitoid of the mantids in Iran. Proceedings of the 18th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 24–27 August 2008, University of Bu-Ali Sina Hamedan, p. 64. Tavakoli, M., Melika, G., Ebrahim Sadeghi, S., Askew, R.R., Stone, G.N. et al. (2010) Parasitoid communities (Chalcidoidea) of oak gallwasps of Iran (Hymenoptera:

Family Torymidae Walker, 1833

Cynipidae). Proceedings of 7th International Congress of Hymenopterists, 20–26 June 2010, Köszeg, Hungary, pp. 115–116. Tremewan, W.G. (1976) Further notes on Zygaena Fabricius (Lep., Zygaenidae) from Iran. Entomologist's Gazette 27, 215–220. Tremewan, W.G. (1977) On Zygaena Fabricius (Lep., Zygaenidae) collected in Iran in 1976. Entomologist's Gazette 28, 223–227. Zargaran, M.R., Sadeghi S.E., Bakhshali Saatlo, V. and Melika, G. (2008) Identification of oak gallwasps parasitoides in West Azarbaijan. Proceedings of the 18th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 24–27 August 2008, University of Bu-Ali Sina Hamedan, p. 83. Zerova, M.D. and Seryogina, L.Ya. (1994) The SeedFeeding Chalcid Wasps (Chalcidoidea) of the Palaearctics. Naukova Dumka, Kiev, Ukraine, 238 pp. Zerova, M.D. and Seryogina, L.Y. (2002) A Revision of Old World Species of the Genus Monodontomerus (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Torymidae). NaukaServis, Kiev, Ukraine, 74 pp. Zerova, M.D. and Seryogina, L.Y. (2008) A review of Palearctic species of the genus Pseuderimerus (Hymenoptera, Torymidae) with a description of one new species from Iran. Vestnik Zoologii 42, 42–44. Zerova, M.D., Seryogina, L.Y. and Karimpour, Y. (2008) New species of the chalcidoid wasps of the families Eurytomidae and Torymidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) from Iran. Vestnik Zoologii 42, 489–496.

383

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

 

 

Trichogramma sp. – ♀ (Trichogrammatidae) [photo courtesy of G. Viggiani]

Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura, 1926 – ♂ (Trichogrammatidae) [photo courtesy of V.N. Fursov]

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

20

Family Trichogrammatidae Haliday, 1851 Hassan Ghahari, Bernard Pintureau, Gennaro Viggiani, Mohammad Hayat and Victor N. Fursov

Trichogrammatidae consists of 999 extant and seven fossil species in 95 genera (Introduction, Table I.1). They are among the smallest of insects, ranging in size from 0.2 mm to 1.5 mm, and are distinguished from almost all other Chalcidoidea by their 3-segmented tarsi. Other characters include: body shape compact, less commonly elongate, but always without a distinct constriction between mesosoma and metasoma; body light yellow to dark brown, often a combination of both, less commonly orange or red, almost never metallic; cuticle smooth, rarely moderately sculptured; flagellum with 2–9 segments, including one or two anelli (rarely three), 0–2 funicular segments, and 1–5 claval segments; antenna sexually dimorphic in several genera; toruli at lower margin of eye; pronotum short, not obvious from above; fore wing varying from extremely narrow and strap-like to very broad and slightly rounded apically, occasionally wingless or short-winged; venation relatively short, not extending much beyond basal half of wing; postmarginal vein almost always absent (extremely short if present); distribution of discal setae in both fore wing and hind wing variable, but commonly arranged into distinct lines (Pinto, 1997; Shojai, 1998). Primarily because of their 3-segmented tarsi, Trichogrammatidae have long been considered to comprise a monophyletic group and this was supported by the molecular results of Munro et al. (2011) and the combined molecular and morphological analyses of Heraty et al. (2013). Both of these studies further supported a sister-group relationship of Trichogrammatidae with Azotidae. Trichogrammatidae occur in both terrestrial and aquatic habitats and are all primary endoparasitoids of insect eggs, especially of Lepidoptera. Because of this they have been released worldwide as biological control agents against a number of lepidopterous pests on corn, rice, sugar-cane, cotton, vegetables and pines (Grenier, 1994; Li, 1994; Smith, 1994). In particular, Trichogramma Westwood, the largest

genus with approximately 240 species worldwide (Noyes, 2019), has received the most attention from applied entomology, because its members parasitize several pests in Lepidoptera and can be mass propagated and released with relative ease (Pinto, 1997; Shojai, 1998; Grenier et al., 2005; Grieshop et al., 2007; Pratissoli et al., 2009). These parasitoids have been successfully used for inundative biological control of many lepidopterous pests for more than 120 years (van Lenteren, 2000; Ivezić et al., 2018) on field crops and in greenhouses (Li, 1994; Grieshop et al., 2007). In the past, most successful biological control agents have been found through trial and error, but nowadays there is an effort to predict the success of a Trichogramma strain before introductions are made (van Lenteren and Woets, 1988; Almeida and Stouthamer, 2015). They are currently the most widely augmented arthropod natural enemy with about 32 million hectares of agricultural and forest land worldwide treated annually (Li, 1994; Suh et al., 2000). Despite the economic importance of Trichogramma, their taxonomy and identification have historically been problematic because of their small size and lack of reliable characters (Stouthamer et al., 1999). In the past, Trichogramma identification was based on body color and setation. Diagnostic morphological features are very limited and those that are useful require specialized knowledge for interpretation (Pinto and Stouthamer, 1994). Nagarkatti and Nagaraja (1971) discovered the taxonomic use of male genitalic characters. This method led to an improvement in the recognition and identification of these minute wasps. Using this technique, around 200 species have been described (Pinto, 1998). However, because of their small size and the few morphological characters available, specific identification is still difficult, particularly because of the problem of sibling species (Ciociola et al., 2001), which has been addressed by the use of molecular methodologies for reliable identification. Stouthamer

© CAB International 2021. Chalcidoidea of Iran (Insecta: Hymenoptera) (eds. H. Ghahari, G.A.P. Gibson and G. Viggiani). DOI: 10.1079/9781789248463.0020

385

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

et al. (1999) first showed the usefulness of the DNA sequence of a ribosomal gene, the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2), as a general identification method for Trichogramma and this method has been successfully used to characterize and describe species of Trichogramma (Pinto et al., 2002; Ivezić et al., 2018). The fauna of Iranian Trichogrammatidae was studied previously by Modarres Awal (1997), who listed nine species in Trichogramma, and by Modarres Awal (2012), who listed 16 species in three genera: Oligosita Walker (one species), Uscana Girault (one species) and Trichogramma (14 species). Ebrahimi et al. (1998) examined all the Trichogramma species of Iran using morphological and enzymatic methods. However, in spite of many contributions made during the past decades, the family remains poorly known in Iran. Based on our checklist, the fauna of Iranian Trichogrammatidae consists of 19 species (~1.9% of the world species) following our exclusion of one species (Table 21.2); none of the species are endemic to Iran. Following the subfamily and tribe classification of Owen et al. (2007), we classify the genera in two subfamilies: Oligositinae with three genera treated in Chaetostrichini and one genus in Oligositini; and Trichogrammatinae with Trichogramma as the only representative treated in the tribe Trichogrammitini. The species numbers demonstrate that the fauna of these beneficial insects is poorly studied in Iran. Most of the research conducted on Iranian Trichogrammatidae has been on the biology, ecology, mass rearing or efficiency of these egg parasitoids, whereas systematic and faunistic contributions have been restricted to a few investigations (see references). Of the known species, Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko, T. embryophagum (Hartig) and T. evanescens Westwood are most common and have been recorded from several regions. We suspect that when surveys are systematically conducted in all provinces, then these three species will be shown to be even more widespread than presently known. The exact localities of Aphelinoidea anatolica Novicky, A. turanica Trjapitzin, and Trichogramma turkestanicum Meyer in Iran are unknown and additional collections are necessary to even prove their presence. Species have been recorded from 21 provinces (Table 21.4), of which West Azarbaijan, with 12 species, has the highest diversity, followed by Mazandaran and Razavi Khorasan (both with eight species) (Fig. 20.1). In total, 23 insect species are recorded as the hosts of Iranian Trichogrammatidae, of which 19 species belong to the following ten families of

386

Lepidoptera: Crambidae (two species), Erebidae (one species), Gelechiidae (two species), Noctuidae (six species), Nymphalidae (one species), Papillionidae (one species), Pieridae (one species), Plutellidae (one species), Pyralidae (one species) and Tortricidae (three species). Among the different hosts, ten species of Trichogramma are reported parasitoids of Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and eight species of Chilo suppressalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). The highest host species diversity is recorded by T. brassicae (11 hosts), which is the most important species of Trichogramma in Iran (Ebrahimi et al., 1998; Iranipour et al., 2010), followed by T. embryophagum (ten host species), T. evanescens (nine host species) and T. pintoi Voegele (seven host species). Comparison of the trichogrammatid fauna of Iran with adjacent countries (Table 21.5) indicates that the faunas of both Russia (36 species) and Turkey (24 species) are more diverse than that of Iran (19 species), followed by Turkmenistan (12 species), Kazakhstan and Pakistan (both with seven species), Armenia (four species), Oman (three species) and Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Iraq and Saudi Arabia (each with one species); no species have yet to be recorded from Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar or United Arab Emirates (Noyes, 2019). The comparatively few reported species for most countries reflect their smaller area and/or the lack of systematic surveys. Russia shares 11 known species with Iran, followed by Turkey (ten species), Kazakhstan (seven species), Turkmenistan (six species), Armenia (three species), Pakistan (two species) and Azerbaijan and Oman (both with one species).

Checklist of Iranian TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE Haliday, 1851 Subfamily Oligositinae Ashmead, 1904 Tribe Chaetostrichini Girault, 1912 Genus Aphelinoidea Girault, 1911 Aphelinoidea anatolica Novicky, 1936 Catalogues with Iranian records: Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Walker et al., 1997), Iran (no specific locality) (Rakitov and Triapitsyn, 2013; Triapitsyn, 2018). General distribution: Algeria, China, Iran, Libya, Syria, Turkey, United States of America. Plant associations in Iran: Chenopodium sp. (Chenopodiodeae) (Walker et al., 1997).

Chapter 20

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

14

12

Number of species

12 10 8

8

8

7

6

6

4

4

3

2

2

3

4

4

1

1

2

1

2

4

4

4

1

2

Ke

rm

Is

Q

G

ui

la

n om

fa ha n a M ns R az aza ha av nd h i K ar ho an Kh ras uz an es ta n Fa M rs ar C ha ka ha Q zi rm az v ah al Z in & an Ba jan kh tia Ar ri d W es Go abil t A les Ea za tan st rb Az aija ar n ba ij Te an hr Bu an sh eh r Ya z Al d bo Se rz m na n

0

Provinces of Iran Fig. 20.1.  Number of reported species of Iranian Trichogrammatidae by province.

Aphelinoidea gerlingi Triapitsyn, 2018 Catalogues with Iranian records: Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Fars (Triapitsyn, 2018). General distribution: Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Israel, Morocco, Oman, United States of America. Host records in Iran: Circulifer tenellus (Baker) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) on Chenopodium sp. (Amaranthaceae) (Triapitsyn, 2018). Aphelinoidea turanica Trjapitzin, 1995 Catalogues with Iranian records: Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Razavi Khorasan (Walker et al., 1997), Iran (no specific locality) (Cônsoli et al., 2010; Rakitov and Triapitsyn, 2013; Triapitsyn, 2018). General distribution: Iran, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United States of America (Noyes, 2019); Kyrgyzstan (Triapitsyn, 2018). Plant associations in Iran: Atriplex sp., Chenopodium sp. (Chenopodioideae) (Walker et al., 1997). Genus Ufens Girault, 1911 Ufens foersteri (Kryger, 1919) Catalogues with Iranian records: Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Owen, 2011). General distribution: Australia, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, France, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guinea, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Kenya, Kirgizia,

Family Trichogrammatidae Haliday, 1851

Madagascar, Morocco, Netherlands, Nigeria, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Russia, South Africa, Spain, Tanzania, Thailand, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, United Kingdom. Genus Uscana Girault, 1911 Uscana senex (Grese, 1923) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Khuzestan (Mozafari et al., 2000; Modarres Awal, 2012; Moravvej et al., 2016). General distribution: Bulgaria, Chile, France, Hungary, Russia, Ukraine, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Caryedon prosopidis Arora (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) (Mozafari et al., 2000; Modarres Awal, 2012; Moravvej et al., 2016). Tribe Oligositini Ashmead, 1904 Genus Oligosita Walker, 1851 Oligosita pallida Kryger, 1919 Catalogues with Iranian records: Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Kermanshah (Deh-Pahni et al., 2019), West Azarbaijan (Mostaan and Akbarzadeh Shoukat, 1995; Modarres Awal, 2012).

387

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

General distribution: Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Netherlands, Turkey, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Arboridia kermanshah (Dlabola) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) (Mostaan and Akbarzadeh Shoukat, 1995; Modarres Awal, 2012; Deh-Pahni et al., 2019, in vineyards). Comments: Oligosita pallida overwinters on the eggs of Edwardsiana rosae (L.) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) as secondary and winter host, which is a pest of Rosa sp. and Rubus sp. (Rosaceae) in the neighbouring vineyards (Mostaan and Akbarzadeh Shoukat, 1995).

Subfamily Trichogrammatinae Haliday, 1851 Tribe Trichogrammatini Haliday, 1851 Genus Trichogramma Westwood, 1833 Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko, 1968 Catalogues with Iranian records: Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Moharramipour et al., 1991; Shojai, 1998; Rahimi Kaldeh et al., 2016), Ardabil (Ebrahimi et al., 1998; Shirazi et al., 2010), Bushehr (Fassihi et al., 2017), Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari, East Azarbaijan, West Azarbaijan, Zanjan (Ebrahimi et al., 1998; Ebrahimi, 1999a; Modarres Awal, 2012), Golestan (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai et al., 1997; Ebrahimi et al., 1998; Shojai, 1998, as Trichogramma maidis Pintureau and Voegele, 1980; Mojeni et al., 2005), Guilan (Karimian et al., 1995; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai et al., 1997; Shojai, 1998, as T. maidis; Karimian and Sahragard, 2000; Ghahari et al., 2008b; Karimi et al., 2012; Poorjavad et al., 2012; Ghahari, 2018; Ghahari and Sakenin, 2018), Isfahan (Ebrahimi et al., 1998; Ebrahimi, 1999a; Modarres Awal, 2012; Haghshenas and Esfandiari, 2016), Markazi (Moezzipour et al., 2008), Mazandaran (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai et al., 1997; Ebrahimi et al., 1998; Shojai, 1998, as T. maidis; Ebrahimi, 1999a; Moarefi et al., 2006, 2008; Ghahari et al., 2008a,b,c; Shirazi et al., 2010; Karimi et al., 2012; Poorjavad et al., 2012; Farrokhi et al., 2013; Kishani Farahani et al., 2014; Ghahari, 2018; Ghahari and Sakenin, 2018), Northern provinces (Modarres Awal, 2012, as T. maidis), Qom (Karimi et al., 2012), Razavi Khorasan, Yazd (Ebrahimi et al., 1998; Modarres Awal, 2012), Semnan (Naderian et al., 2012 – in corn field),

388

Tehran (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998; Karimi et al., 2012; Ranjbar Aghdam and Attaran, 2015), Iran (no specific locality) (Ebrahimi, 1996, 1999b; Khanjani, 2003, as T. maidis; Cônsoli et al., 2010; Attaran and Dadpour Moghanloo, 2011; Alsaedi et al., 2016). General distribution: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, China, France, Germany, Iran, Italy, Japan, Moldova, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United States of America, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Chilo suppressalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) (Karimian et al., 1995; Ebrahimi, 1996; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Ebrahimi et al., 1998; Shojai, 1998; Ebrahimi, 1999a; Karimian and Saharagard, 2000; Khanjani, 2003; Moarefi et al., 2006, 2008; Ghahari et al., 2008a,b,c; Poorjavad et al., 2012; Ghahari, 2018; Ghahari and Sakenin, 2018), Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (Ebrahimi et al., 1998; Ebrahimi, 1999a; Ranjbar Aghdam and Attaran, 2015), Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) (Ebrahimi et al., 1998; Ebrahimi, 1999a; Yousefi and Salehi, 2004), Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Ebrahimi et al., 1998; Shojai, 1998; Ebrahimi, 1999a; Mojeni et al., 2005; Iranipour et al., 2010), Lobesia botrana (Denis and Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (Ebrahimi et al., 1998; Ebrahimi, 1999a), Naranga aenescens Moore (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998; Ebrahimi, 1999a; Ghahari et al., 2008b), Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) (Moharramipour et al., 1991; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998), Pieris brassicae (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Ebrahimi et al., 1998; Shojai, 1998), Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) (Ebrahimi, 1996; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai et al., 1997; Ebrahimi et al., 1998; Shojai, 1998; Ebrahimi, 1999a; Moarefi et al., 2006, 2008; Shirazi et al., 2010; Poorjavad et al., 2012), Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) (Akbari et al., 2010, 2012), Sepedon sphegea (Fabricius) (Diptera: Sciomyzidae) (Ebrahimi et al., 1998), Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) (Lalegani et al., 2014; Haghshenas and Esfandiari, 2016; Alsaedi et al., 2017; Fassihi et al., 2017; Ashtari et al., 2019).

Chapter 20

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Comments: The reproductive properties of natural and laboratory populations of T. brassicae were compared by Attaran et al. (2003). Some biological and morphological traits, including fecundity, developmental period, emergency percent, longevity, sex ratio, body size, hind tibial length and apterous or brachypterous of adults of T. brassicae reared from Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) were studied by Yazdani Khorasgani et al. (2006). Trichogramma cacaociae Marchal, 1927 Catalogues with Iranian records: Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Markazi (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Qom (Poorjavad et al., 2012), Isfahan (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998), Razavi Khorasan, West Azarbaijan (Shojai et al., 1998, 2000, 2002), Tehran (Noori et al., 1993; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Yazd (Ahmadian et al., 1993; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Nasrollahi et al., 1998; Shojai, 1998; Ebrahimi, 1999a), Iran (no specific locality) (Ebrahimi, 1996, 1999b; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012 as Trichogramma embryophagum cacoeciae Marchal, 1927; Cônsoli et al., 2010; Attaran and Dadpour Moghanloo, 2011). General distribution: Argentina, Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, China, Cuba, former Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Greece, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Morocco, Netherlands, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Switzerland, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Archips americana (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012 as Trichogramma embryophagum cacoeciae), Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (Ebrahimi, 1996; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012, as T. embryophagum cacoeciae; Shojai et al., 1998, 2000, 2002; Modarres Awal, 2012), Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) (Ahmadian et al., 1993; Noori et al., 1993; Ebrahimi, 1996; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012 as T. embryophagum cacoeciae; Nasrollahi et al., 1998; Shojai, 1998; Poorjavad et al., 2012), Papilio demoleus L. (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) (Ebrahimi, 1999a). Trichogramma cordubense Vargas and Cabello, 1985 Catalogues with Iranian records: Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Iran (no specific locality) (Ebrahimi, 1996; Cônsoli et al., 2010; Lucchi et al., 2016).

Family Trichogrammatidae Haliday, 1851

General distribution: Algeria, Egypt, Morocco (Cônsoli et al., 2010), Azores, Iran, Madeira, Portugal, Spain (Noyes, 2019). Host records in Iran: Chilo suppressalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) (Ebrahimi, 1996). Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura, 1926 Catalogues with Iranian records: Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Razavi Khorasan (Ebrahimi et al., 1998; Shojai et al., 1998, 2000, 2002; Ebrahimi, 1999a; Modarres Awal, 2012), West Azarbaijan (Shojai et al., 1998, 2000, 2002), Iran (no specific locality) (Ebrahimi, 1999b; Cônsoli et al., 2010; Attaran and Dadpour Moghanloo, 2011). General distribution: Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Chile, China, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Iran, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, North Korea, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Russia, South Korea, Taiwan, Turkey, Ukraine, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (Ebrahimi et al., 1998; Shojai et al., 1998, 2000, 2002; Ebrahimi, 1999a; Modarres Awal, 2012). Trichogramma embryophagum (Hartig, 1838) Catalogues with Iranian records: Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Ebrahimi, 1999a; Modarres Awal, 2012), Fars (Ahmadi and Basiri, 1991; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Poorjavad et al., 2012), Golestan (Mojeni et al., 2005), Guilan (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998), Markazi (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998; Ghahari and Sakenin, 2018), Mazandaran (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998; Ebrahimi, 1999a; Ghahari et al., 2008a; Ghahari and Sakenin, 2018), Razavi Khorasan (Ebrahimi et al., 1998; Shojai et al., 1998, 2000, 2002; Karimi et al., 2012), Tehran (Noori et al., 1993; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998; Shojai et al., 2005; Poorjavad et al., 2012; Ranjbar Aghdam and Attaran, 2015), West Azarbaijan (Shojai et al., 1998, 2000, 2002; Ebrahimi, 1999a; Akbarzadeh Shoukat and Ebrahimi, 2002, 2008; Almeida, 2004; Akbarzadeh Shoukat et al., 2007, 2015; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012; Modarres Awal, 2012), Yazd (Ahmadian et al., 1993; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Nasrollahi et al., 1998; Poorjavad et al., 2012), Zanjan (Shiri et al., 2012), Iran (no specific locality) (Ebrahimi,

389

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

1996, 1999b; Shojai et al., 2003; Cônsoli et al., 2010; Attaran and Dadpour Moghanloo, 2011; Alsaedi et al., 2016). General distribution: Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Chile, China, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Latvia, Moldova, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Taiwan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United States of America, former USSR, Vietnam, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Archips americana (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (Ebrahimi, 1996), Chilo suppressalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998; Ebrahimi, 1999a; Ghahari et al., 2008a; Ghahari and Sakenin, 2018), Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (Ebrahimi, 1996, 1999a; Ebrahimi et al., 1998; Shojai et al., 1998, 2000, 2002; Akbarzadeh Shoukat and Ebrahimi, 2002; Akbarzadeh Shoukat et al., 2007; Ranjbar Aghdam and Attaran, 2015), Ocnerogyia amanda Staudinger (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) (Ahmadi and Basiri, 1991; Ebrahimi, 1996; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012), Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) (Ahmadian et al., 1993; Noori et al., 1993; Ebrahimi, 1996; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Nasrollahi et al., 1998; Shojai, 1998; Yousefi and Salehi, 2004; Poorjavad et al., 2012; Shiri et al., 2012), Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (Mojeni et al., 2005), Lobesia botrana (Denis and Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (Akbarzadeh Shoukat and Ebrahimi, 2008; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012; Akbarzadeh Shoukat et al., 2015), Naranga aenescens Moore (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998), Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) (Akbari et al., 2010, 2012), Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (Shojai et al., 2003, 2005), Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) (Alsaedi et al., 2017; Ashtari et al., 2019). Trichogramma euproctidis (Girault, 1911) Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Poorjavad et al., 2012), Razavi Khorasan (Shojai et al., 1998, 2000, 2002), West Azarbaijan (Shojai et al., 1998, 2000, 2002; Alizadeh et al., 2002; Modarres Awal, 2012), Iran (no specific locality) (Khanjani,

390

2003, 2006; Attaran and Dadpour Moghanloo, 2011). General distribution: Argentina, Armenia, Belarus, Bulgaria, Canary Islands, Caucasus, Chile, China, Cuba, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Japan, Moldova, Morocco, Peru, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United States of America, former USSR, Uzbekistan, Vietnam. Host records in Iran: Agrotis segetum (Denis and Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (Alizadeh et al., 2002; Khanjani, 2003, 2006; Modarres Awal, 2012), Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (Shojai et al., 1998, 2000, 2002), Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) (Modarres Awal, 2012), Pieris brassicae (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) on Brassica oleracea (Brassicaceae) (Poorjavad et al., 2012). Trichogramma evanescens Westwood, 1833 Catalogues with Iranian records: Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Modarres Awal, 2012), Fars, Qom, Semnan (Poorjavad et al., 2012), Golestan (Shojai et al., 1997, as Trichogramma rhenana Voegele and Russo, 1982; Shojai, 1998, as T. rhenana; Ebrahimi et al., 1998; Ebrahimi, 1999a; Karimi et al., 2012; Modarres Awal, 2012; Poorjavad et al., 2012), Guilan (Shojai et al., 1997; Ebrahimi et al., 1998; Modarres Awal, 2012; Poorjavad et al., 2012; Ghahari, 2018), Isfahan, Markazi, Qazvin (Ebrahimi et al., 1998; Ebrahimi, 1999a; Modarres Awal, 2012), Khorasan (Ebrahimi, 1999a; Modarres Awal, 2012), Mazandaran (Shojai et al., 1995, 1997 as T. rhenana; Ebrahimi et al., 1998; Ebrahimi, 1999a; Ghahari et al., 2008b,c; Karimi et al., 2012; Modarres Awal, 2012; Poorjavad et al., 2012; Ghahari, 2018), Northern provinces (Modarres Awal, 2012, as T. rhenana), Qom (Karimi et al., 2012), Razavi Khorasan, West Azarbaijan (Ebrahimi et al., 1998; Shojai et al., 1998, 2000, 2002; Ebrahimi, 1999a), Iran (no specific locality) (Radjabi, 1986; Ebrahimi, 1996, 1999b; Modarres Awal, 1997; Cônsoli et al., 2010; Attaran and Dadpour Moghanloo, 2011; Alsaedi et al., 2016). General distribution: Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Comores, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, India, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Libya, Lithuania, Macedonia,

Chapter 20

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Madagascar, Madeira, Mauritius, Moldova, Morocco, Netherlands, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, former Yugoslavia. Host records in Iran: Autographa gamma (L.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai et al., 1997; Ebrahimi et al., 1998; Shojai, 1998), Chilo suppressalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) (Ebrahimi, 1996, 1999a; Shojai et al., 1997; Ebrahimi et al., 1998; Ghahari et al., 2008b,c; Modarres Awal, 2012; Poorjavad et al., 2012; Ghahari, 2018), Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (Ebrahimi, 1996, 1999a; Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Ebrahimi et al., 1998; Shojai et al., 1998, 2000, 2002), Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) (Ebrahimi et al., 1998; Ebrahimi, 1999a; Poorjavad et al., 2012), Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) (Shojai et al., 1997; Ebrahimi et al., 1998; Ebrahimi, 1999a; Poorjavad et al., 2012), Lobesia botrana (Denis and Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (Ebrahimi, 1999a; Modarres Awal, 2012), Naranga aenescens Moore (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (Ebrahimi, 1996), Sesamia cretica Lederer (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (Shojai et al., 1995). Trichogramma ingricum Sorokina, 1984 Catalogues with Iranian records: Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Ebrahimi, 1999a; Ebrahimi and Akbarzadeh Shoukat, 2008; Modarres Awal, 2012), Mazandaran (Ebrahimi, 1999a; Modarres Awal, 2012), West Azarbaijan (Akbarzadeh Shoukat and Ebrahimi, 2008; Ebrahimi and Akbarzadeh Shoukat, 2008; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012; Modarres Awal, 2012; Akbarzadeh Shoukat et al., 2015), Iran (no specific locality) (Ebrahimi, 1999b; Attaran and Dadpour Moghanloo, 2011). General distribution: Iran, Russia. Host records in Iran: Chilo suppressalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) (Ebrahimi, 1999a; Modarres Awal, 2012), Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (Ebrahimi, 1999a; Ebrahimi and Akbarzadeh Shoukat, 2008; Modarres Awal, 2012), Lobesia botrana (Denis and Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Family Trichogrammatidae Haliday, 1851

(Ebrahimi, 1999a; Akbarzadeh Shoukat and Ebrahimi, 2008; Ebrahimi and Akbarzadeh Shoukat, 2008; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012; Modarres Awal, 2012; Akbarzadeh Shoukat et al., 2015). Trichogramma pintoi Voegele, 1982 Catalogues with Iranian records: Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Poorjavad et al., 2012), Ardabil (Ebrahimi et al., 1998; Ebrahimi, 1999a; Najafi Navaei et al., 2004; Movahedi et al., 2014a,b), East Azarbaijan, Mazandaran (Modarres Awal, 2012), Golestan (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai et al., 1997; Shojai, 1998), Guilan (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Poorjavad et al., 2012), Razavi Khorasan (Ebrahimi et al., 1998; Ebrahimi, 1999a; Modarres Awal, 2012), Tehran (Ranjbar Aghdam and Attaran, 2015), West Azarbaijan (Alizadeh and Ebrahimi, 2004 – in beet field), Iran (no specific locality) (Ebrahimi, 1999b; Cônsoli et al., 2010; Attaran and Dadpour Moghanloo, 2011). General distribution: Argentina, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Cuba, France, India, Iran, Mexico, Peru, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine, United States of America, former USSR, Uzbekistan. Host records in Iran: Agrotis segetum (Denis and Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (Alizadeh and Ebrahimi, 2004), Autographa gamma (L.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Ebrahimi et al., 1998; Shojai, 1998; Ebrahimi, 1999a), Vanessa cardui (L.) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai, 1998), Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (Ebrahimi, 1999a; Ranjbar Aghdam and Attaran, 2015), Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai et al., 1997; Shojai, 1998; Ebrahimi, 1999a; Najafi Navaei et al., 2004), Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) (Ebrahimi et al., 1998; Ebrahimi, 1999a; Najafi Navaei et al., 2004; Modarres Awal, 2012; Movahedi et al., 2014a,b), Pieris brassicae (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) (Poorjavad et al., 2012), Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) (Akbari et al., 2010, 2012). Trichogramma principium Sugonjaev and Sorokina, 1976 Catalogues with Iranian records: Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan, Mazandaran (Ebrahimi et al., 1998; Ebrahimi, 1999a; Modarres

391

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Awal, 2012), Razavi Khorasan (Shojai et al., 1998, 2000, 2002), West Azarbaijan (Ebrahimi et al., 1998; Shojai et al., 1998, 2000, 2002; Ebrahimi, 1999a; Modarres Awal, 2012), Iran (no specific locality) (Ebrahimi, 1999b; Cônsoli et al., 2010; Attaran and Dadpour Moghanloo, 2011). General distribution: Bulgaria, France, Iran, Kazakhstan, Syria, Taiwan, Turkmenistan, former USSR, Uzbekistan. Host records in Iran: Chilo suppressalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) (Ebrahimi et al., 1998; Ebrahimi, 1999a; Modarres Awal, 2012), Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (Ebrahimi et al., 1998; Shojai et al., 1998, 2000, 2002; Ebrahimi, 1999a; Modarres Awal, 2012), Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (Salehi et al., 2018, 2019). Trichogramma semblidis (Aurivillius, 1898) Catalogues with Iranian records: Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Shojai et al., 1997; Ebrahimi et al., 1998; Modarres Awal, 2012), Mazandaran (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai et al., 1997; Shojai, 1998), West Azarbaijan (Ebrahimi et al., 1998; Ebrahimi, 1999a; Modarres Awal, 2012), Iran (no specific locality) (Ebrahimi, 1996, 1999b; Cônsoli et al., 2010; Attaran and Dadpour Moghanloo, 2011). General distribution: Bulgaria, Canada, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, former USSR. Host records in Iran: Chilo suppressalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) (Modarres Awal, 1997, 2012; Shojai et al., 1997; Shojai, 1998), Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), Sepedon sphegea (Fabricius) (Diptera: Sciomyzidae) (Ebrahimi, 1996, 1999a; Ebrahimi et al., 1998; Modarres Awal, 2012). Trichogramma tshumakovae Sorokina, 1984 Catalogues with Iranian records: Noyes (2019). Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Ebrahimi et al., 1998; Ebrahimi, 1999a; Modarres Awal, 2012; Poorjavad et al., 2012), Iran (no specific locality) (Ebrahimi, 1999b; Cônsoli et al., 2010; Attaran and Dadpour Moghanloo, 2011). General distribution: Iran, Kirgizia. Host records in Iran: Chilo suppressalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) (Ebrahimi et al., 1998; Ebrahimi, 1999a; Modarres Awal, 2012).

392

Trichogramma turkestanicum Meyer, 1940 Catalogues with Iranian records: None. Distribution in Iran: Iran (no specific locality) (Attaran and Dadpour Moghanloo, 2011). General distribution: Denmark, Kazakhstan, Portugal, Turkey. Comments: Trichogramma turkestanicum and T. euproctidis have in the past been confused and the presence of T. turkestanicum in Iran requires confirmation (R. Stouthamer, California, 2019, personal communication). Trichogramma spp. Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Mashhadi Jafarloo et al., 1998), Guilan (Jafari et al., 2000; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2016), Kermanshah (DehPahni et al., 2019), West Azarbaijan (Mostaan, 1993; Behjati and Sadighfar, 2001). Host records in Iran: Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (Mostaan, 1993; Mashhadi Jafarloo et al., 1998; Behjati and Sadighfar, 2001), Naranga aenescens Moore (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (Jafari et al., 2000), Arboridia kermanshah (Dlabola) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) (Deh-Pahni et al., 2019, in vineyards). Species excluded from the fauna of Iran Trichogramma stampae Vincent, 1986 Catalogues with Iranian records: Noyes (2019). Reported distribution in Iran: Iran (no specific locality) (Noyes, 2019). General distribution: Colombia, Ghana, Iran, Malaysia, Mexico, United States of America (Noyes, 2019). Comments: Trichogramma stampae  has not yet been collected in Iran and we therefore exclude it from the list of Iranian Trichogrammatidae.

References Ahmadi, A.A. and Basiri, Gh. (1991) Biological investigation on Trichogramma sp., an egg parasitoid of fig defoliator, Ocnerogyia amanda Staud. (Lep.: Lymantriidae) in Fars. Proceedings of the 10th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 1–5 September 1991, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, p. 5. Ahmadian, H.A., Bayat Asadi, H., Muhebat, M., Shakeri, M. and Karimbeiki, H. (1993) A survey on the effectiveness of Trichogramma spp. on the pomegranate moth Specterobates ceratoniae Zell. In Yazd. Proceedings of the 11th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28

Chapter 20

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

August – 2 September 1993, University of Guilan, p. 179. Akbari, F., Askarianzadeh, A., Attaran, M.R. and Zamany, A. (2010) An investigation on efficiency of Trichogramma brassicae, T. embryophagum and T. pintoi (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae) wasps on the Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lep.: Plutellidae) in field condition. Proceedings of the 19th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 31 July – 3 August 2010, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, p. 73. Akbari, F., Askarianzadeh, A., Zamani, A.A. and Hosseinpou, M.H. (2012) Biological characteristics of three Trichogramma species on the eggs of diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.). Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection 45, 2364–2368. Akbarzadeh Shoukat, Gh. and Ebrahimi, E. (2002) Parasitism of walnut fruit worm eggs by Trichogramma egg parasitoid wasp in Orumieh. Proceedings of the 15th Plant Protection Congress of Iran, p. 94. Akbarzadeh Shoukat, Gh. and Ebrahimi, E. (2008) Egg parasitoids and their role in biological control of grape berry moth Lobesia botrana (Denis and Schiff.) (Lep.: Tortricidae) in Orumieh vineyards. Proceedings of the 18th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 24–27 August 2008, University of Bu-Ali Sina Hamedan, p. 19. Akbarzadeh Shoukat, Gh., Ranji, H. and Ebrahimi, E. (2007) Identification of the egg parasitoids of Cydia pomonella (L.) on walnut trees and its efficiency in West Azarbaijan-Iran. Türkiye II. Bitki Koruma Kongresi, 27–29 August 2007, Isparta, Turkey, p. 12. Akbarzadeh Shoukat, Gh., Safaralizadeh, M.H., Ranjbar Aghdam, H. and Aramideh, Sh. (2015) Introduction parasitoid wasps belonging to the superfamily Chalcidoidea on grape berry moth, Lobesia botrana (Lep.: Tortricidae) from Urmia vineyards. Proceedings of the 1st Iranian Congress of Entomology, p. 114. Alizadeh, Sh. and Ebrahimi, E. (2004) Investigation on biology of Trichogramma pintoi (the egg parasitoid of winter moth) on laboratory host. Proceedings of the 16th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 August – 1 September 2004, University of Tabriz, p. 79. Alizadeh, S., Javan Moghaddam, H., Fotohi, K., Hosseini, O. and Bagheri, A.R. (2002) Comparative investigation on population density of different cutworm species in sugar beet and introduction of Trichogramma euproctidis Girault. Proceedings of the 15th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 7–11 September 2002, Razi University of Kermanshah, p. 46. Almeida, R.P. de (2004) Trichogramma and its relationship with Wolbachia: identification of Trichogramma species, phylogeny, transfer and costs of Wolbachia symbionts. PhD thesis of Entomology, Wageningen University, 142 pp. Almeida, R.P. and Stouthamer, R. (2015) ITS-2 sequences-­ based identification of Trichogramma species in South America. Brazilian Journal of Biology 75, 974–982.

Family Trichogrammatidae Haliday, 1851

Alsaedi, G., Ashouri, A. and Talaei-Hassanloui, R. (2016) Behavioral responses of the three Trichogramma species to different odor sources. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 4, 19–24. Alsaedi, G., Ashouri, A. and Talaei-Hassanloui, R. (2017) Assessment of two Trichogramma species with Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki for the control of the tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Iran. Open Journal of Ecology 7, 112–124. Ashtari, S., Sabahi, Q. and Talebi Jahromi, K. (2019) Effects of some insecticides against tomato leaf miner Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) and egg parasitoids Trichogramma brassicae and T. evanescens (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae). Iranian Journal of Plant Protection Science 49, 341–351. Attaran, M.R. and Dadpour Moghanloo, H. (2011) An analytical review of present status and future prospective in utilization of Trichogramma wasps for biological control of agricultural pests in Iran. Proceedings of the Biological Control Development Congress in Iran, pp. 94–112 [in Persian, English summary]. Attaran, M.R., Shojai, M. and Ebrahimi, E. (2003) Comparison of reproductive properties of natural and laboratory reared Trichogramma brassicae Bezd. (Hym., Trichogrammatidae). Journal of Agricultural Science 9, 1–9 [in Persian, English summary]. Behjati, J. and Sadighfar, M. (2001) Integrated apple pest management in Iran. Abstracts of papers. International Symposium: Parasitic Hymenoptera: Taxonomy and Biological Control, 14–17 May, 2001, Köszeg, Hungary, p. 25. Ciociola, A.I., Zucchi, R.A. and Stouthamer, R. (2001) Molecular key to seven Brazilian species of Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) using sequences of the ITS2 region and restriction analysis. Neotropical Entomology 30, 259–262. Cônsoli, F.L., Parra, J.R.P. and Zucchi, R.A. (2010) Egg Parasitoids in Agroecosystems with Emphasis on Trichogramma. Springer, 479 pp. Deh-Pahni, S., Ali Vahedi, H., Darbemamieh, M. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2019) Natural enemies of Arboridia kermanshah Dlabola (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), in vineyards of Kermanshah region. Proceedings of the 3rd Iranian International Congress of Entomology, p. 135. Ebrahimi, E. (1996) The species of Trichogramma Westwood in Iran. Proceedings of the XX International Congress of Entomology, Firenze, Italy, p. 639. Ebrahimi, E. (1999a) Morphological and enzymatic study of the genus Trichogramma in Iran. PhD thesis of Entomology, Tarbiat Modarres University [in Persian, English summary]. Ebrahimi, E. (1999b) The Biodiversity of Trichogramma in Iran. Proceedings of International Symposium on Biological Control of Insect Pests of Agricultural Crops, University of Aleppo, Syria, p. 12.

393

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Ebrahimi, E. and Akbarzadeh Shoukat, Gh. (2008) Report of Trichogramma ingricum (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae) from Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 27, 43–45. Ebrahimi, E., Pintureau, B. and Shojai, M. (1998) Morphological and enzymatic study of the genus Trichogramma in Iran (Hym. Trichogrammatidae). Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 66, 122–141 [in Persian, English summary]. Farrokhi, S., Huigens, M.E., Zare, R. and Verbaarschot, P. (2013) Detection of Wolbachia bacterium in Iranian strain of Trichogramma brassicae (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae). Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 32, 49–69 [in Persian, English summary]. Fassihi, M.T., Farrokhi, S., Sarafrazi, A., Sohrabi, F., Heidari, A. and Salehi, M. (2017) Natural enemies of tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lep.: Gelechiidae) in Bushehr province. Proceedings of the 8th National Conference of Biological Control in Agriculture and Natural Resources, p. 35. Ghahari, H. (2018) Species diversity of the parasitoids in rice fields of northern Iran, especially parasitoids of rice stem borer. Journal of Animal Environment 9, 289–298 [in Persian, English summary]. Ghahari, H. and Sakenin, H. (2018) Species diversity of Chalcidoidea and Ichneumonoidea (Hymenoptera) in some paddy fields and surrounding grasslands of Mazandaran and Guilan provinces, northern Iran. Applied Plant Protection 7, 11–19 [in Persian, English summary]. Ghahari, H., Ostovan, H., Tabari, M., Sakenin, H. and Haji-Amiri, M. (2008a) Sex ratio and biotic potential of Trichogramma spp. in natural conditions of central Mazandaran. The Scientific Journal of Agriculture 31, 99–110 [in Persian, English summary]. Ghahari, H., Hayat, R., Tabari, M., Ostovan, H. and Imani, S. (2008b) A contribution to the predator and parasitoid fauna of rice pests in Iran, and a discussion on the biodiversity and IPM in rice fields. Linzer biologische Beiträge 40, 735–764. Ghahari, H., Tabari, M., Ostovan, H. and Sakenin, H. (2008c) The efficiency of Trichogramma spp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in rice fields and its stem borer in central Mazandaran. Journal of Agricultural Sciences 14, 283–295 [in Persian, English summary]. Grenier, S. (1994) Rearing of Trichogramma and other egg parasitoids on artificial diets. In: Wajenberg, E. and Hassan, S.A. (eds) Biological Control with Egg Parasitoids. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pp. 73–92. Grenier, S., Gomes, S.M., Febvay, G., Bolland, P. and Parra, J.R.P. (2005) Artificial diet for rearing Trichogramma wasps (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) with emphasis on protein utilization. Second International Symposium on Biological Control of Arthropods, Davos, Switzerland, 12–16 September, 2005, pp. 480–486.

394

Grieshop, M.J., Flinn, P.W., Nechols, J.R. and Schöller, M. (2007) Host-foraging success of three species of Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in a simulated retail environment. Journal of Economic Entomology 100, 591–598. Haghshenas, A.R. and Esfandiari, H. (2016) Study on natural enemies of tomato leaf miner Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Esfahan province. Proceedings of the 3rd National Conference on Biological Control in Agriculture and Natural Resources, p. 41. Heraty, J.M., Burks, R.A., Cruaud, A., Gibson, G.A.P., Liljeblad, J. et al. (2013) A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Cladistics 29, 466–542. Iranipour, S., Vaez, N., Nouri Ghanbalani, G., Asghari Zakaria, R. and Mashhadi Jafarloo, M. (2010) Effect of host change on demographic fitness of the parasitoid, Trichogramma brassicae. Journal of Insect Science 10, 1–12. Ivezić, A., Rugman-Jones, P., Stouthamer, R. and Ignjatović-Ćupina, A. (2018) Molecular identification of Trichogramma egg parasitoids of Ostrinia nubilalis in northeastern Serbia. Archives of Biological Sciences 70, 425–432. Jafari, Y., Shayesteh, N., Sahragard, A. and Safaralizadeh, M.H. (2000) Biological studies on rice semi looper, Naranga aenescens (Lep.: Noctuidae) in Guilan province. Proceedings of the 14th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 5–8 September 2000, Isfahan University of Technology, p. 21. Karimi, J., Darsouei, R., Hosseini, M. and Stouthamer, R. (2012) Molecular characterization of Iranian Trichogrammatids (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and their Wolbachia endosymbiontds. Journal of AsiaPacific Entomology 15, 73–77. Karimian, Z. and Sahragard, A. (2000) Investigation on the biology of Trichogramma brassicae, the egg parasitoid of major insect pests of rice in Guilan province. Proceedings of the 14th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 5–8 September 2000, Isfahan University of Technology, p. 22. Karimian, Z., Majidi, F. and Bayat Asadi, H. (1995) Investigation on determining the best time of releasing Trichogramma maidis to control Chilo suppressalis in rice fields in Guilan. Proceedings of the 12th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 2–7 September 1995, Karaj Junior College of Agriculture, Karaj, p. 77. Khanjani, M. (2003) Field Crop Pests in Iran. Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran, 719 pp. [in Persian]. Khanjani, M. (2006) Vegetable Pests in Iran. Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran, 467 pp. [in Persian]. Kishani Farahani, H., Ashouri, A., Goldansaz, S.H., Shapiro, M.S., Golshani, A. and Abrun, P. (2014) Associative learning and memory duration of Trichogramma brassicae. Progress in Biological Sciences 4, 87–96.

Chapter 20

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Lalegani, S., Sadeghi, A. and Ghobari, H. (2014) Evaluation of the control of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) using Trichogramma brassicae under greenhouse condition. Proceedings of the 3rd Integrated Pest Management Conference, p. 491. Li, L.-Y. (1994) Worldwide use of Trichogramma for biological control on different crops: a survey. In: Wajnberg, E. and Hassan, S.A. (eds) Biological Control with Egg Parasitoids. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pp. 37–54. Lotfalizadeh, H., Masnadi-Yazdinejad, A. and Saber, M. (2012) New records of the grape berry moth hymenopterous parasitoids in Iran. Munis Entomology and Zoology 7, 284–291. Lotfalizadeh, H., Bayegan, Z.A. and Zargaran, M.R. (2016) Species diversity of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) in the rice fields of Iran. Journal of Entomological Research Society 18, 99–111. Lucchi, A., Scaramozzino, P.L., Michl, G., Loni, A. and Hoffmann, C. (2016) The first record in Italy of Trichogramma cordubense Vargas and Cabello 1985 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) emerging from the eggs of Lobesia botrana (Denis and Schiffermüller, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Vitis 55, 161–164. Mashhadi Jafarloo, M., Bayat Asadi, H. and Talebi Chaichi, P. (1998) Report on potentiality of Trichogramma spp. in egg parasitism of codling moth (Laspeyresia pomonella L.) in East Azarbaijan province. Proceedings of the 13th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 23–27 August 1998, Karaj Junior College of Agriculture, p. 160. Moarefi, M., Ebrahimi, E., Shojai, M. and Ostovan, H. (2006) Investigation of enzymatic changing of massreared population of Trichogramma brassicae Bezd. in comparison with natural population in rice and maize fields of Mazandaran. Proceedings of the 17th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 2–5 September 2006, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, p. 377. Moarefi, M., Ebrahimi, E., Shojai, M. and Ostovan, H. (2008) Comparative study on enzymatic changes in Trichogramma brassicae Bezd., laboratory and cornrice field populations of Mazandaran region. Journal of Agricultural Sciences 132, 341–355. Modarres Awal, M. (1997) Family Trichogrammatidae. In: Modarres Awal, M. (ed.) List of Agricultural Pests and their Natural Enemies in Iran. 2nd edn. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, Iran, p. 284. Modarres Awal, M. (2012) Family Trichogrammatidae. In: Modarres Awal, M. (ed.) List of Agricultural Pests and their Natural Enemies in Iran. 3rd edn. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, Iran, pp. 524–525. Moezzipour, M., Goldansaz, S.H., Radjabi, G., Attaran, M.R. and Seyyedoleslami, H. (2008) Fertility life table parameters of Trichogramma brassicae Bezd., collected from pomegranate orchards of Saveh, at three different constant temperatures and relative humidity

Family Trichogrammatidae Haliday, 1851

levels. Journal of Agricultural Science 1, 51–61 [in Persian, English summary]. Moharramipour, S., Bagheri Zenous, A., Shojai, M. and Esmaili, M. (1991) An investigation on the bioecology of potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella Zell. (Lep.: Gelechiidae), in Karaj. Proceedings of the 19th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, University of Kerman, 31 July – 3 August 2010, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, p. 67. Mojeni, T.D., Bayat Asadi, H., Noori Ghanbalani, G. and Shojaei, M. (2005) Study on bioregional aspects of bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hub.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the cotton fields of Golestan province. Journal of Agricultural Sciences 11, 97–115 [in Persian, English summary]. Moravvej, A., Shishehbor, P. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2016) A checklist of Chalcidoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Khuzestan in southwestern Iran. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 2, 121–142. Mostaan, M. (1993) Trichogramma sp. on an egg parasitoid of codling moth in the apple orchards of Oromieh region, Western Azarbaijan, Iran. Proceedings of the 11th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 August – 2 September 1993, University of Guilan, p. 200. Mostaan, M. and Akbarzadeh Shoukat, Gh. (1995) Biology and ecology of grape leafhopper, Arboridia kermanshah and possibility of its natural control in the vineyards of Oroumieh. Proceedings of the 12th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 2–7 September 1995, Karaj Junior College of Agriculture, Karaj, p. 210. Movahedi, M., Nouri Ghanbalani, G., Ranjbar Aghdam, H. and Imani, S. (2014a) Evaluating the efficiency of Trichogramma pintoii and Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki on corn stem borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in corn fields of Moghan plain. Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences 3, 202–205. Movahedi, M., Nouri Ghanbalani, G., Ranjbar Aghdam, H. and Imani, S. (2014b) Evaluating the efficiency of Trichogramma pintoii and Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki on corn stem borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in corn fields of Moghan plain. International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research 2, 2825–2829. Mozafari, M.M., Ebrahimi, E., Azimi, A.R. and Mohammadi, R. (2000) New records of two hymenopterous parasite of Caryedon prosopidis on mesquite tree in Iran. Proceedings of the 14th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 5–8 September 2000, Isfahan University of Technology, p. 122. Munro, J.B., Heraty, J.M., Burks, R.A., Hawks, D., Mottern, J. et al. (2011) A molecular phylogeny of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). PLoS ONE 6(11), e27023. Naderian, H., Ghahari, H. and Asgari, S. (2012) Species diversity of natural enemies in corn fields and surrounding

395

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

grasslands of Semnan province, Iran. Calodema 217, 1–8. Nagarkatti, S. and Nagaraja, H. (1971) Redescription of some known species of Trichogramma, showing the importance of the male genitalia as a diagnostic character. Bulletin of Entomological Research 61, 13–31. Najafi Navaei, I., Taghizadeh, M., Javanmoghaddam, H., Asadi, A., Osku, T. and Attaran, M.R. (2004) Study on the efficiency of parasitoid wasps, Trichogramma pintoi and Habrobracon hebetor in Moghan. Proceedings of the 3rd National Conference on the Development in the Application of Biological Products and Optimum Utilization of Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides in Agriculture, p. 402. Nasrollahi, A.A., Shojai, M. and Ziaii, M.R. (1998) Large scale production and application of Trichogramma wasps for biological control of pomegranate moth Ectomyelois ceratoniae in Yazd province. Proceedings of the 13th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 23–27 August 1998, Karaj Junior College of Agriculture, p. 167. Noori, P., Bayat Asadi, H., Farzaneh, A. and Safdari, S. (1993) The ability research of Trichogramma parasitoid wasps in biological control against carob moth. Proceedings of the 13th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 23–27 August 1998, Karaj Junior College of Agriculture, p. 201. Noyes, J.S. (2019) Universal Chalcidoidea Database. Available at: www.nhm.ac.uk/chalcidoids (accessed December 2019). Owen, A.K. (2011) Revision of Ufens Girault, 1911 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). University of California Publications in Entomology 131, 164 pp. Owen, A.K., George, J., Pinto, J.D., and Heraty, J.M. (2007) A molecular phylogeny of the Trichogrammatidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), with an evaluation of the utility of their male genitalia for higher level classification. Systematic Entomology 32, 227–251. Pinto, J.D. (1997) Family Trichogrammatidae. In: Gibson, G.A.P., Huber, J.T. and Woolley, J.B. (eds) Annotated Keys to the Genera of Nearctic Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). NRC Research Press, Ottawa, pp. 726–752. Pinto, J.D. (1998) The systematics of the North American species of Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington 22, 287 pp. Pinto, J.D. and Stouthamer, R. (1994) Systematics of the Trichogrammatidae with emphasis on Trichogramma. In: Wajberg, E. and Hassan, S.A. (eds) Biological Control with Egg Parasitoids. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pp. 1–36. Pinto, J.D., Koopmanschap, A.B., Platner, G.R. and Stouthamer, R. (2002) The North American Trichogramma parasitizing certain Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) on apple and pear with ITS2 DNA characterization and description of a new species. Biological Control 23, 134–142. Poorjavad, N., Goldansaz, S.H., Machtelinckx, T., Tirry, L., Stouthamer, R. and van Leeuwen, T. (2012) Iranian

396

Trichogramma: ITS2 DNA characterization and natural Wolbachia infection. BioControl 57, 361–374. Pratissoli, D., de Freitas Bueno, A., de Freitas Bueno, R.C.O., Zanúncio, J.C. and Polanczyk, R.A. (2009) Trichogramma acacioi (Hymenoptera, Trichogrammatidae) parasitism capacity at different temperatures and factitious hosts. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 53, 151–153. Radjabi, Gh. (1986) Insects Attacking Rosaceous Fruit Trees in Iran. Vol. 2: Lepidoptera. Publication of Plant Pest and Disease Research Institute, Tehran, Iran [in Persian]. Rahimi Kaldeh, S., Ashouri, A. and Bandani, A. (2016) Overwintering of two strains of Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in Karaj. Proceedings of the 16th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 August – 1 September 2004, University of Tabriz, p. 576. Rakitov, R. and Triapitsyn, S.V. (2013) Egg parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae and Trichogrammatidae) of the gall-making leafhopper Scenergates viridis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from Uzbekistan, with taxonomic notes on the Palaearctic species of Aphelinoidea. Zootaxa 3683, 538–548. Ranjbar Aghdam, H. and Attaran, M.R. (2015) Collecting, identifying and selecting a native strain of egg parasitoid wasps, Trichogramma for biological control of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella in Damavand region. Iranian Journal of Plant Protection Science 46, 1–8. Salehi, F., Gharekhani, Gh. and Shirazi, J. (2018) Study on the effect of using nitrogen fertilizer on parasitism efficacy of Trichogramma principium, the egg parasitoid of Helicoverpa armigera in tomato cultivars. Proceedings of the 23rd Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 27–30 August 2018, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, p. 991. Salehi, F., Gharekhani, Gh., Shirazi, J. and Vaez, N. (2019) Influence of nitrogen level and tomato cultivars on the efficiency of Trichogramma principium (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) on the eggs of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 39, 165–184 [in Persian, English summary]. Shirazi, J., Taghizadeh, M., Dadpour, H., Attaran, M.R. and Zand, S. (2010) Investigation on the parasitism level of Ostrinia nubilalis (Hub.) eggs related to different densities of released Trichogramma brassicae Bezd. in corn. Proceedings of the 19th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 31 July – 3 August 2010, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, p. 68. Shiri, H., Askari, O., Arabian, M., Najafi, Sh. and Ebrahimi, E. (2012) The report of Trichogramma embryophagum Hartig, the egg parasitoid of carob moth from Tarom in Zanjan province. Proceedings of the 1st Iranian Congress of Entomology, p. 150. Shojai, M. (1998) Entomology (Ethology Social Life and Natural Enemies) (Biological Control). 3rd vol., 3rd

Chapter 20

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

edn. University of Tehran Publication, Tehran, Iran, 550 pp. [in Persian]. Shojai, M., Abbas-Pour, H., Nasrollahi, A. and Labbafi, Y. (1995) Technology and biocenotic aspects of integrated biocontrol of corn stem borer: Sesamia cretica Led. (Lep., Noctuidae). Journal of Agricultural Science 1, 5–32 [in Persian, English summary]. Shojai, M., Nasrollahi, A., Labafi, Y., Azma, M., Amiri, B. et al. (1997) The biocenotic aspects of the Iranian subspecies corn stem borer, Ostrinia nubilalis persica (Lepidoptera: Pyraustididae) and its role in the increasing efficiency of Trichogramma wasps in IPM program in corn field of northern Iran. Journal of Agricultural Sciences (Islamic Azad University) 3, 5–48 [in Persian, English summary]. Shojai, M., Ostovan, H., Khodaman, A., Hosseini, M., Daniali, M. et al. (1998) Research on beneficial Trichogramma species (Hym. Trichogrammatidae) active in apple orchards and suitable quality control for their mass production in laboratory. Journal of Agricultural Sciences 4, 5–39 [in Persian, English summary]. Shojai, M., Esmaili, M., Ostovan, H., Khodaman, A., Daniali, M. et al. (2000) Integrated pest management of codling moth and other important pests of Pomoidea fruit trees. Journal of Agricultural Sciences (Islamic Azad University) 6, 15–45 [in Persian, English summary]. Shojai, M., Ostovan, H., Hosseini, M., Sadighfar, M., Khodaman, A. et al. (2002) Biocenotic potentials of apple orchards IPM in organic crop production programme. Journal of Agricultural Sciences 8, 1–27 [in Persian, English summary]. Shojai, M., Ostovan, H., Zamanizadeh, H., Labbafi, Y., Nasrollahi, A., Ghasemzadeh, M. and Rajabi, M.Z. (2003) The management of cucumber and tomato intercrops and implementation of non-chemical control of pests and diseases for organic crop production in the greenhouse. Journal of the Agricultural Sciences (Islamic Azad University) 9, 1–39 [in Persian, English summary]. Shojai, M., Ostovan, H., Darvish, F., Tirgari, S., Labbafyi, Y. and Rajabi, M.Z. (2005) Technology of biological control and pollination of Iranian cucumber cultivar in protected cultivation and organic production crop. Journal of the Agricultural Sciences (Islamic Azad University) 11, 69–104 [in Persian, English summary].

Family Trichogrammatidae Haliday, 1851

Smith, S.M. (1994) Methods and timing of releases of Trichogramma to control lepidopterous pests. In: Wajnberg, E. and Hassan, S.A. (eds) Biological Control with Egg Parasitoids. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pp. 113–144. Stouthamer, R., Hu, J., van Kan, F.J.P.M., Platner, G.R. and Pinto, J.D. (1999) The utility of internally transcribed spacer 2 DNA sequences of the nuclear ribosomal gene for distinguishing sibling species of Trichogramma. BioControl 43, 421–440. Suh, C.P.-C., Orr, D.B., van Duyn, J.W. and Borchert, D.M. (2000) Trichogramma exiguum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) releases in North Carolina cotton: evaluation of heliothine pest suppression. Journal of Economic Entomology 93, 1127–1136. Triapitsyn, S.V. (2018) Review of the Palearctic Aphelinoidea (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), with focus on the species described by S. Nowicki. Israel Journal of Entomology 48, 33–81. van Lenteren, J.C. (2000) Success in biological control of arthropods by augmentation of natural enemies. In: Gurr, G. and Wratten, S. (eds) Biological Control: Measures of Success. Kluwer Academic Publishers, London, pp. 77–103. van Lenteren, J.C. and Woets, J. (1988) Biological and integrated pest control in greenhouses. Annual Review of Entomology 33, 239–269. Walker, G.P., Zareh, N., Bayoun, I.M. and Triapitsyn, S.V. (1997) Introduction of western Asian egg parasitoids into California for biological control of beet leafhopper, Circulifer tenellus. Pan-Pacific Entomologist 73, 236–242. Yazdani Khorasgani, A., Hosseini Bai, S.H. and Mashhadi Jafarloo, M. (2006) An investigation on some biological traits of Trichogramma brassicae Bezd. on the eggs of Angoumois grain moth Sitotroga cerealella Oliv. Journal of Agricultural Science 12, 283–297 [in Persian, English summary]. Yousefi, M. and Salehi, L. (2004) Investigation of the efficiency of two species of Trichogramma species (T. embryophagum and T. brassicae) for the control of carob moth. Proceedings of the 16th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 August – 1 September 2004, University of Tabriz, p. 2.

397

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

1.0 mm Sycophaga sycomori (Linnaeus, 1758) – ♀ (Pteromalidae) [photo courtesy of S. van Noort – Iziko Museums of South Africa]

 

 

Syntomopus sp. – ♀ (Pteromalidae) [photo courtesy of the late Thekke C. Narendran]

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

21

Diversity of Iranian Chalcidoidea Hassan Ghahari, Gary A.P. Gibson and Gennaro Viggiani

In order to present as complete list as possible of the fauna of the superfamily Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) known from Iran we attempted to consult all relevant sources published prior to 1 January 2020. This resulted in our combined checklists recording 1351 valid species of Chalcidoidea from Iran, which are classified in 359 genera in 20 of the currently recognized 23 families1 of Chalcidoidea (Table 21.1). The recorded species include 797 named species not listed in Noyes (2019), though we actually newly report only 39 species from Iran, the other names being previously recorded from Iran in publications not data-mined by Noyes (2019). The total number of reported species does not include 53 named species, plus four genera reported only as unidentified species, that we newly exclude from the fauna of Iran (Table 21.2) because of confirmed or suspected misidentifications. The 1351 species reported from Iran represent about 5.2% of the world species that were described as of June, 2018 (Introduction, Table I.1). Of the reported species, 67 species are currently considered as endemic to Iran (Table 21.3), though at least some, if not most, of these species will undoubtedly be found in one or more neighbouring countries with future collecting and taxonomic treatment. Prior to our study no published checklist or catalogue included species of Perilampidae from Iran, or of Trichogrammatidae except for the online world catalogue of Noyes (2019). Previously published checklists or catalogues for the remaining families include: Agaonidae [+ pteromalid fig wasps] (Ghahari and van Noort, 2011), Aphelinidae [+ Azotidae and Eriaporidae] (Abd-Rabou et al., 2013, 2019), Chalcididae (Tavakoli Roodi et al., 2016; Falahatpisheh et al., 2018), Encyrtidae (Fallahzadeh and Japoshvili, 2010, 2017; Guerrieri and Ghahari, 2018), Eucharitidae and Ormyridae (Ghahari and Gençer, 2017), Eulophidae (Hesami et al., 2010, 2018; Talebi et al., 2011), Eupelmidae (Lotfalizadeh and Ghadirzadeh, 2016), Eurytomidae and Torymidae

[including Megastigmidae] (Stojanova and Ghahari, 2009; Fallahzadeh et al., 2009), Eurytomidae (Saghaei et al., 2018), Leucospidae and Tetracampidae (Ghahari, 2019), Mymaridae (Fallahzadeh and Huber, 2011; Lotfalizadeh, 2015), Ormyridae (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2012), Pteromalidae (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali,2008; Ghahari et al.,2015;Abolhassanzadeh et al., 2017), Signiphoridae (Ghahari et al., 2014) and Torymidae [including Megastigmidae] (Ghahari and Doğanlar, 2017). Additionally, Modarres Awal (2012), in a checklist of agricultural pests and their natural enemies, listed 335 species of Chalcidoidea for the fauna of Iran. However, periodic updates to these lists are needed, particularly for families that play a role in the biological control of insect pests. Below we summarize the known chalcidoid fauna of Iran by family within the 31 provinces that comprise Iran (Table 21.4) and compare the fauna with that recorded from 15 countries adjacent to Iran, including the former USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) (Table 21.5). The faunal lists of these other countries were mostly compiled from Noyes (2019), but based on our results for Iran the actual numbers of chalcidoid species reported for most, if not all, of these countries likely are higher than indicated in Noyes (2019). For example, Noyes (2019) listed no species of Agaonidae and one species of each of Chalcididae and Mymaridae for United Arab Emirates, whereas treatments of these families in the series ‘Arthropod Fauna of the UAE’ recorded six species of Agaonidae (van Noort and Rasplus, 2010), 74 species of Chalcididae (Delvare, 2017) and five species of Mymaridae (Huber et al., 2009), for a total of 85 species compared with the seven species listed by Noyes (2019). Furthermore, the number of chalcidoid species reported for each country reflects different states of faunal surveys and taxonomic knowledge within the countries. Again as an example, although Huber et al. (2009) recorded only five named species of Mymaridae from United Arab Emirates, based on collected

© CAB International 2021. Chalcidoidea of Iran (Insecta: Hymenoptera) (eds. H. Ghahari, G.A.P. Gibson and G. Viggiani). DOI: 10.1079/9781789248463.0021

399

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Table 21.1.  Species diversity of Iranian Chalcidoidea by family. Family Agaonidae Aphelinidae Azotidae Chalcididae Encyrtidae Eriaporidae Eucharitidae Eulophidae Eupelmidae Eurytomidae

Number of genera

Number of species

5 13 1 21 72 3 2 51 9 8

6 138 6 85 236 3 5 236 48 127

Family Leucospidae Megastigmidae Mymaridae Ormyridae Perilampidae Pteromalidae Signiphoridae Tetracampidae Torymidae Trichogrammatidae

Number of genera

Number of species

1 2 14 1 5 120 3 4 19 5

6 12 33 13 16 276 5 4 77 19

Table 21.2.  List of taxa of Chalcidoidea excluded from the fauna of Iran. Family

Species

Family

Species

Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae

Aphelinus ancer Hayat, 1990 Aphelinus desantisi Hayat, 1972 Aphelinus maidis Timberlake, 1924 Aphelinus perpallidus Gahan, 1924 Coccobius diaspidis (Howard, 1907)

Eulophidae Eulophidae Eulophidae Eupelmidae Eupelmidae

Aphelinidae

Coccobius flaviceps (Girault and Dodd, 1915) Coccobius flaviventris (Howard, 1910) Coccobius fusciventris (Girault, 1913) Coccobius multicolor (Girault, 1915) Coccobius nigriceps (Girault, 1913) Coccobius pullus Prinsloo, 1995 Coccophagus rusti Compere, 1928 Encarsia dialeurodis Hayat, 1989 Encarsia lehri Yasnosh, 1989 Encarsia lipaleyrodis Krishnan and Vasantharaj David, 1996 Encarsia luteola Howard, 1895 Encarsia maritima Yasnosh, 1989 Encarsia mohyuddini Shafee and Rizvi, 1982 Encarsia porteri (Mercet, 1927) Ablerus aleuroides (Hussain and Agarwal, 1994) Ablerus amarantus Girault, 1932 Ablerus bharathius Subba Rao, 1984 Ablerus bifasciatus Girault, 1913 Ablerus promacchiae Viggiani and Ren, 1993 Homalotylus sinensis Xu and He, 1997 Metaphycus angustifrons Compere, 1957 Monstranusia antennata (Narayanan, 1960) Paranathrix tachikawai (Shafee, Alam and Agarwal, 1975) Rhopus acaetes (Walker, 1844)

Eurytomidae

Aprostocetus lutescens Askew, 1997 Euderomphale bemisiae Viggiani, 1977 Tetrastichus evorymellae [invalid taxon] Eupelmus longicornis (Kalina, 1981) Eupelmus macroneura Walker [invalid, unavailable name] Tetramesa comatae (Phillips, 1936)

Pteromalidae Pteromalidae Pteromalidae Pteromalidae Pteromalidae Pteromalidae Pteromalidae Pteromalidae Pteromalidae

Aphobetus moundi (Bouček, 1988) Arthrolytus glandium Bouček, 1967 Capellia stigma Bouček, 1970 Euneura saetosa (Delucchi, 1955) Guancheria sp. Hypopteromalus sp. Mesopolobus arcanus Askew, 1997 Moranila comperei (Ashmead, 1904) Oxysychus sp.

Pteromalidae Pteromalidae Pteromalidae

Thektogaster aberlenci Delvare, 1986 Thureonella sp. Trychnosoma ernobii Hedqvist, 1974

Signiphoridae Signiphoridae

Chartocerus corvinus (Girault, 1913) Chartocerus elongatus (Girault, 1916)

Signiphoridae Signiphoridae Signiphoridae Signiphoridae

Chartocerus reticulatus (Girault, 1913) Chartocerus walkeri Hayat, 1970 Signiphora aleyrodis Ashmead, 1900 Signiphora coleoptrata (Kerrich, 1953)

Signiphoridae Torymidae Torymidae Trichogrammatidae

Signiphora coquilletti Ashmead, 1900 Iridophagoides petiolatus Erdős, 1964 Iridophagoides tatianae Bouček, 1976 Trichogramma stampae Vincent, 1986

–

–

Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Azotidae Azotidae Azotidae Azotidae Azotidae Encyrtidae Encyrtidae Encyrtidae Encyrtidae Encyrtidae

400

Chapter 21

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Diversity of Iranian Chalcidoidea

Table 21.3.  List of Chalcidoidea species endemic to Iran. Family

Species

Family

Species

Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae

Encarsia alemansoori Rasekh and Polaszek, 2010 Encarsia axacaliae Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007 Encarsia macoensis Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2007 Eretmocerus neomaskelliae Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2005 Eretmocerus ostovani Ghahari and Abd-Rabou, 2005

Eulophidae Eulophidae Eulophidae Eulophidae Eulophidae

Aphelinidae Chalcididae Chalcididae Chalcididae Chalcididae Chalcididae Chalcididae Chalcididae Chalcididae Encyrtidae Encyrtidae Encyrtidae Encyrtidae Encyrtidae Encyrtidae Encyrtidae Encyrtidae Encyrtidae Encyrtidae Encyrtidae

Eretmocerus persiangulfus Abd-Rabou and Ghahari, 2011 Brachymeria ceratoniae Delvare, 2011 Hockeria confusa Nikol’skaya, 1960 Kriechbaumerella gracilis (Nikol’skaya, 1952) Lasiochalcidia sparsibarbis Bouček, 1956 Proconura persica Delvare, 2011 Psilochalcis ceratoniae Delvare, 2011 Psilochalcis subjecta (Nikol’skaya, 1960) Psilochalcis zarudnyi (Nikol’skaya, 1960) Anagyrus osmoi Guerrieri and Ghahari, 2018 Cheiloneurus pistaciae Manickavasagam and Mehrnejad, 2008 Copidosoma isfahani Japoshvili, 2016 Copidosoma pistacinellae Hoffer, 1970 Gyranusoidea iranica Japoshvili and Fallahzadeh, 2010 Isodromus collimaculatus Xu and Lotfalizadeh, 2000 Metaphycus anophococcusi Lotfalizadeh, 2019 Metaphycus davoodii Lotfalizadeh, 2010 Metaphycus parthenolecanii Japoshvili, 2015 Metaphycus prengoi Guerrieri and Ghahari, 2018 Microterys iranicus Japoshvili and Fallahzadeh, 2010

Eupelmidae Eupelmidae Eupelmidae Eupelmidae Eupelmidae Eurytomidae Eurytomidae Eurytomidae Eurytomidae Eurytomidae Eurytomidae Eurytomidae Eurytomidae Eurytomidae Eurytomidae Eurytomidae Eurytomidae Eurytomidae Ormyridae Perilampidae

Encyrtidae Encyrtidae Encyrtidae Encyrtidae Encyrtidae Encyrtidae Eulophidae Eulophidae Eulophidae

Microterys obricoi Guerrieri and Ghahari, 2018 Ooencyrtus ferdowsii Ebrahimi and Noyes, 2015 Ooencyrtus iranicus Hayat and Mehrnejad, 2016 Ooencyrtus ocneriae Hayat and Mehrnejad, 2019 Ooencyrtus pistaciae Hayat and Mehrnejad, 2016 Psyllaephagus zdeneki Noyes and Fallahzadeh, 2005 Aprostocetus beyazus Doğanlar, 1992 Aprostocetus persicus Yefremova and Yegorenkova, 2007 Cirrospilus persicus Lotfalizadeh and Delvare, 2011

Pteromalidae Pteromalidae Pteromalidae Pteromalidae Torymidae Torymidae Torymidae Torymidae –

Cirrospilus scapus Yefremova, 2007 Derostenus persicus Gumovsky, 2003 Diglyphus scapus Yefremova, 2008 Pediobius illustris (Waterston, 1915) Tetrastichus kokujewiae Yegorenkova and Yefremova, 2012 Anastatus (Anastatus) dlabolai Kalina, 1981 Eupelmus (Eupelmus) bicolor Gibson and Fusu, 2016 Eupelmus (Eupelmus) iranicus Kalina, 1988 Eupelmus (Eupelmus) longicaudus Kalina, 1988 Eupelmus (Eupelmus) mehrnejadi Gibson and Fusu, 2016 Bruchophagus ayadi Zerova and Fursov, 2019 Bruchophagus iranicus Özdikmen, 2011 Eurytoma ghazvini Zerova, 2004 Eurytoma iranica Narendran and Lotfalizadeh, 1999 Eurytoma iranicola Zerova, 2007 Eurytoma melikai Zerova, 2009 Eurytoma zerovai Özdikmen, 2011 Nikanoria shohadae Zerova, 2008 Systole dzintari Zerova and Fursov, 2019 Systole irana Zerova and Al-Sendi, 2019 Systole longigaster Lotfalizadeh, 2019 Tetramesa leucospae Zerova and Madjdzadeh, 2005 Tetramesa persica (Hedicke, 1921) Ormyrus pallens Lotfalizadeh and Askew, 2012 Philomides hamooniae Heraty, Derafshan and Ghafouri Moghaddam, 2019 Chalcedectus balachowskyi Steffan, 1968 Cleonymus narendrani Samin and Sureshan, 2018 Norbanus rasplusi Lotfalizadeh, 2015 Sphegigaster persiana Mitroiu and Madjdzadeh, 2011 Cryptopristus salviae Zerova, 2008 Idiomacromerus irani (Zerova and Seryogina, 2008) Glyphomerus flavabdomen Zerova, 2008 Pseudotorymus regalis Askew, 2006 –

401 Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Table 21.4.  Species diversity of each family of Chalcidoidea by province (AL: Alborz, AR: Ardabil, BU: Bushehr, CH: Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari, EA: East Azarbaijan, FA: Fars, GL: Guilan, GO: Golestan, HA: Hamadan, HO: Hormozgan, IL: Ilam, IS: Isfahan, KE: Kerman, KH: Khuzestan, KO: Kordestan, KS: Kermanshah, KU: Kuhgiloyeh & Boyerahmad, LO: Lorestan, MA: Mazandaran, MR: Markazi, NK: Northern Khorasan, QA: Qazvin, QO: Qom, RK: Razavi Khorasan, SB: Sistan & Baluchestan, SE: Semnan, SK: Southern Khorasan, TE: Tehran, WA: West Azarbaijan, YZ: Yazd, ZA: Zanjan). Fam. Agao Apheli Azot Chalci Encyr Prov. nidae nidae idae didae tidae AL AR BU CH EA FA GL GO HA HO IL IS KE KH KO KS KU LO MA MR NK QA QO RK SB SE SK TE WA YZ ZA

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 -

5 4 2 30 24 41 38 7 1 34 19 11 4 10 4 44 13 2 1 19 4 10 1 17 20 5 3

1 1 2 2 2 3 2 3 1 1 2 -

6 2 23 22 6 5 13 4 7 32 7 1 1 2 14 5 3 7 9 5 4 1

14 10 1 6 45 62 32 13 9 10 2 21 28 35 7 18 2 20 45 24 7 3 21 4 10 3 33 20 4 8

Eriapo Euchar Eulo Eupel Euryto Leucos Megasti Myma Ormy Perila Pterom Signiph Tetraca Tory Trichogra ridae itidae phidae midae midae pidae gmidae ridae ridae mpidae alidae oridae mpidae midae mmatidae 1 1 1 1 -

1 1 2 1 1 -

6 7 8 8 42 62 21 25 4 5 4 24 47 15 8 2 5 2 29 6 4 5 18 19 6 34 44 1 4

3 2 1 1 18 3 5 5 3 9 2 2 3 2 4 1 2 1 2 1 3 7 -

9 4 2 7 35 14 4 12 17 5 6 19 5 4 1 19 7 3 14 18 5 4 3 15 22 5 4

3 1 1 4 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 -

4 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 3 3 2 1 1 2 3 1

11 21 4 5 2 1 2 3 1 2 1 7 3 1 2 1

1 7 2 1 3 2 1 3 3 3 1 5 3 1 3 2 2 3 1

1 1 4 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 -

19 25 2 11 73 28 28 39 9 5 18 28 38 28 42 9 3 5 66 7 9 9 1 30 3 8 3 31 37 6 10

1 3 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 -

1 1 1 1 1

2 2 3 13 15 4 4 2 1 8 5 9 1 20 2 6 8 1 5 1 1 1 2 7 12 3 2

4 2 1 1 7 3 6 4 3 1 2 8 4 1 4 8 2 4 12 4 2

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Table 21.5.  Number of Chalcidoidea species and subspecies in Iran by family compared to adjacent countries (IR: Iran, AF: Afghanistan, AR: Armenia, AZ: Azerbaijan, BA: Bahrain, IQ: Iraq, KU: Kuwait, KZ: Kazakhstan, OM: Oman, PA: Pakistan, QA: Qatar, RU: Russia, SA: Saudi Arabia, TR: Turkey, TU: Turkmenistan, UAE: United Arab Emirates, USSR: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics). Family / Country

IR

AF

AR

AZ

BA

IQ

KU

KZ

OM

PA

QA

RU

SA

TR

TU

UAE

USSR

Agaonidae

6

1

1

-

-

1

-

-

-

1

-

1

3

2

-

6

1

Aphelinidae

138

10

10

36

-

7

-

18

4

47

-

69

9

49

14

2

68

6

-

1

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3

-

3

1

-

3

Azotidae Chalcididae

85

4

5

2

-

6

-

33

-

32

-

16

10

41

25

74

33

Encyrtidae

236

32

174

159

-

7

1

148

2

62

-

492

47

165

246

3

146

Eriaporidae

3

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

-

-

-

1

-

-

-

-

-

Eucharitidae

5

-

2

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

11

11

6

3

-

3

Eulophidae

236

8

23

34

-

10

-

57

6

44

-

666

8

246

70

31

150

Eupelmidae

48

3

3

5

-

2

-

9

1

3

-

28

1

17

9

5

18

Eurytomidae

127

4

9

10

-

11

-

60

-

2

-

74

2

98

33

4

150

Leucospidae

6

3

2

2

-

-

-

3

-

2

-

5

1

6

3

4

6

Megastigmidae

12

1

5

1

-

1

-

6

-

-

-

17

-

20

3

-

17

Mymaridae

33

-

-

-

-

1

-

-

1

5

-

104

-

19

11

5

4

Ormyridae

13

2

1

3

-

1

-

6

1

1

-

11

1

12

5

5

4

Perilampidae

16

2

1

2

-

1

-

19

-

-

-

17

-

19

7

-

16

Pteromalidae

276

7

19

30

-

10

-

301

1

30

-

210

8

180

29

12

80

Signiphoridae

5

-

-

-

-

-

-

2

-

-

-

2

-

3

1

-

5

Tetracampidae

4

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

-

-

-

3

-

8

-

-

1

Torymidae

77

-

8

15

-

3

-

33

1

5

-

69

-

111

9

-

40

Trichogrammatidae Total number Land area (km2)

19

1

4

1

-

1

-

7

3

7

-

36

1

24

12

-

23

1,351

78

268

302

0

62

1

704

20

241

0

1,835

102

1,029

481

151

768

1648195 652230 29749 86600 778 438317 17818 2 724900 309500 796095 11493 17098242 2149690 783562 488100 83600 22402200

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

material they estimated the presence of at least 26 morphospecies in nine genera. Because of the absence of equally up-to-date and comprehensive checklists of Chalcidoidea for the other countries, our comparisons of the fauna of Iran with adjacent countries must be interpreted with caution. However, they are offered as baseline data to stimulate future studies and analyses. Based on the above comparisons, the known fauna of Iran is indicated to be as or more diverse than any neighbouring country for ten families (Agaonidae, Aphelinidae, Azotidae, Chalcididae, Eriaporidae, Eupelmidae, Eurytomidae, Leucospidae, Ormyridae and Signiphoridae), whereas Russia is indicated to have the most diverse of any fauna for five families (Encyrtidae, Eucharitidae, Eulophidae, Mymaridae and Tetracampidae). Additionally, Turkey is indicated as having the most diverse fauna for three families (Megastigmidae, Tetracampidae and Torymidae) and shares with Kazakhstan the highest number of reported species for Perilampidae, whereas Kazakhstan is indicated to have the highest diversity of Pteromalidae. Russia also has the greatest total number of recorded species of Chalcidoidea for all the analysed countries (Table 21.5). Russia might be expected to have the highest species diversity for all families because it is the largest country in the world (Table 21.5), whereas compared with neighbouring countries Iran is fourth largest after Russia, Kazakhstan and Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, Russia (and the former USSR) has had a long history of taxonomic research on Chalcidoidea to better describe its fauna. Consequently, the greater number of species recorded for Iran for ten chalcidoid families, and the second highest total number of reported species (Table 21.5), likely reflects, at least in part, our more comprehensive cataloguing of the species. Though we newly report only 39 species (about 3% of the 1351 reported species) for Iran, our checklists also include 797 species (almost 60%) that were not reported from Iran by Noyes (2019). Similar comprehensive cataloguing is lacking for the other countries and the true chalcidoid fauna of Iran likely remains poorly known. Iran is a large country that includes various ecozones and climates, and is at or near the crossroads of three distinct biogeographical regions, the Palaearctic, Afrotropical and Oriental regions, which undoubtedly positively impacts its diversity. Most Iranian species likely are Palaearctic in origin, but almost certainly there are faunal elements from all three regions, with Oriental species likely in the south east and with at least some Afrotropical species,

404

though probably not too many because Iran is north of the Arabian Peninsula. Among the 20 families of Chalcidoidea known from Iran, Pteromalidae has the largest number of recorded species (276 species), followed by Encyrtidae and Eulophidae (both with 236 species) and Aphelinidae and Eurytomidae (both with over 100 species) (Table 21.1). Among the 31 Iranian provinces (Fig. 21.1), East Azarbaijan has the highest reported species diversity (329 species), followed by Mazandaran (248 species), Fars (247 species) and Kerman (212 species) (Fig. 21.2). However, these results are biased towards these more sampled provinces and the other regions have not yet been sampled as systematically. Based on the known species diversity in countries adjacent to or near Iran, as well as numerous specimens collected in Iran and preserved in different universities, museums and private insect collections, we estimate that the total number of species of Chalcidoidea in Iran will reach more than 3000 species after comprehensive surveys in all areas of the country and rigorous taxonomic studies to accurately differentiate the species and determine their identity. Study of the fauna of Iranian Chalcidoidea is a continuous process and new records and new distributional data are added yearly. From the beginning of 2020 until the middle of the year, several faunistic papers were published that have not been abstracted in this work (e.g. Ghahari, 2020; Lotfalizadeh et al., 2020; Moeinadini et al., 2020; Parsa et al., 2020; Rahmani et al., 2020a,b; Shojaey et al., 2020a,b; Tamoli Torfi et al., 2020), which in addition to many new distribution records include 12 species that are newly recorded for the fauna: Aprostocetus longicauda (Thomson, 1878), Omphale lugens (Nees, 1834) (Eulophidae), Dinotiscus aponius (Walker, 1848) and Homoporus laeviusculus Erdős, 1953 (Pteromalidae) (Ghahari, 2020), Bruchophagus hippocrepidis Zerova, 1969 and Eurytoma dentata Mayr, 1878 (Eurytomidae) (Parsa et al., 2020), Charitopus manukyani Sakhnov, 1993, Cheiloneurus submuticus Thomson, 1876 and Prionomitus tiliaris (Dalman, 1820) (Encyrtidae) (Shojaey et al., 2020b), Harrizia mira Delucchi, 1962 (Pteromalidae) (Rahmani et al., 2020a), Rhicnocoelia impar (Walker, 1836) (Pteromalidae) (Shojaey et al., 2020a) and Thaumatorymus notanisoides Ferrière and Novicky, 1954 (Torymidae) (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2020). These species are not otherwise included in this book because excluding the one exception noted in Chapter 10 (Eurytomidae) our treatment is only to the end of 2019.

Chapter 21

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

AR

N JA

ME

NIA

38°

Caspian Sea Golestan

Guilan West Azarbaijan

TURKMENISTAN

Northern Khorasan

il

East Azarbaijan

ab Ard

TURKEY

I BA

ER AZ

Razavi Khorasan

Mazandaran

Zanjan

Alborz

Qazvin

36° Kordestan

Tehran

dan

Ha

Semnan

AF

Qom

ma

GH

AN

Markazi

Kermanshah

Isfahan

34°

IS TA N

Southern Khorasan

Lorestan

Q IRA

Ilam Yazd

Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari

32°

Khuzestan

Kerman

I PAK

Kuhgiloyen & Boyerahmad

N STA

30°

KU IT WA

Bushehr

Sistan & Baluchestan

Fars Hormozgan

1:6,500,000

28°

SA UD

42°

44°

Bahrain

I AR

0 30 60 90 120 150 km

46°

Persian Gulf

AB

IA

48°

50°

Qatar

UAE 52°

54°

56°

Oman

Omman Sea 60°

58°

62°

Fig. 21.1.  Map of Iran with provincial boundaries. 329

350

Number of species

300 248

247

250

212

200

162 137

150 100 81 50

191

164 164

60

40 15

52

34

44

116

110

97 67 59

54 18

39

55

52 6

40 13

34 38

C

ha

ha

rm

ah

Al b Ar orz al d a B a Ea nd us bil st Ba he Az kh hr ar tia ba ri ija Fa n G rs G uila o H les n H am tan or ad m a oz n ga I n Is lam fa Ku Ke Ke ha hg rm rm n ilo a a ye K h hu nsh n an a d Ko zes h Bo rd ta ye es n ra tan Lo hm re ad N or M M stan th az ar er a ka n nd z Kh ar i or an a R Q san az a Si z av st i K Q vin an ho om a So nd S ras B ut a em an he lu n rn ch an Kh est W or an es a T t A e san za hr rb an ai ja Ya n Za zd nj an

0

Provinces of Iran Fig. 21.2.  Number of reported species of Iranian Chalcidoidea by province. Diversity of Iranian Chalcidoidea

405

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Chalcidoid wasps in Iran are recorded as parasitoids of 536 host species in ten insect orders and 88 families (Blattaria: one species in the family Blattellidae; Coleoptera: 68 species in ten families; Diptera: 59 species in 13 families; Hemiptera: 209 species in 12 families; Heteroptera: 12 species in three families; Hymenoptera: 112 species in 19 families; Lepidoptera: 70 species in 27 families; Mantodea: one species in the family Mantidae; Neuroptera: three species in the family Chrysopidae; Orthoptera: one species in the family Tettigoniidae). In total, there are almost 1650 host-parasitoid relationships for the fauna of Iranian Chalcidoidea. Among the 88 host families, Cynipidae, Aleyrodidae and Dispididae with 59 (11%), 57 (10.6%) and 56 (10.4%) species, respectively, comprise the highest number of host species, followed by Aphididae (29 species), Curculionidae (26 species), Pseudococcidae (21 species), and Tephritidae (20 species). Several of the host species are destructive agricultural and forestry pests, especially within the orders Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Heteroptera and Lepidoptera. Therefore, conservation of the chalcidoids in different agroecosystems is important to increase the efficiency of these parasitoids for successful biological control programmes. Additionally, some of the Iranian chalcidoids are parasitoids of beneficial insects (natural enemies of pests) of the families Chrysopidae (Neuroptera), Coccinellidae (Coleoptera), Mantidae (Mantodea), Syrphidae (Diptera), and some parasitic families of Hymenoptera. Among the 536 host species, Diplolepis fructuum, with 31 parasitoid species in different families, has the highest number of chalcidoid parasitoids in Iran; followed by Eulecanium tiliae (25 parasitoid species), Liriomyza trifolii (23 parasitoid species), Coccus hesperidum and Phyllocnistis citrella (both with 21 parasitoid species), Nipaecoccus viridis and Sphaerolecanium prunastri (both with 20 parasitoid species), Kermania pistaciella (16 parasitoid species) and Bemisia tabaci and Phenacoccus solenopsis (both with 15 parasitoid species) (Appendix).

Discussion Accurate taxonomy is essential to determine the faunal resources of a country. Although our checklists newly report 39 species from Iran, we exclude an even greater number, 53 named species, from the fauna. The excluded species are from ten families: Aphelinidae (19 species), Azotidae (five species), Encyrtidae (five species), Eulophidae (three species),

406

Eupelmidae (two species), Eurytomidae (one species), Pteromalidae (eight species), Signiphoridae (seven species), Torymidae (two species) and Trichogrammatidae (one species) (Table 21.2). The exclusions result in part because some of the published identifications were by amateur researchers and/or used unreliable identification keys. Unfortunately, accurate identification to the species level is often a difficult task for Chalcidoidea. There is a difference in the reliability of identifications by an experienced specialist, with access to the comprehensive literature and collection resources necessary to make reliable identifications, and the non-specialist who may lack the necessary resources. Such non-specialists may include applied entomologists who require the name of a particular species for other kinds of studies or work than taxonomy. Applied entomologists who want to identify a particular pest or its parasitoid should be able to use available general textbooks to sort out specimens at least to order and superfamily, and possibly to family level, but they are recommended against going beyond this level. Even if recent comprehensive generic and species keys are available, reliable identifications at these two levels require knowledge of the taxonomy and morphology of the group plus a comprehensive insect collection with authoritatively identified specimens to compare with the unknown specimens. It is preferable for non-taxonomists to seek the collaboration of specialists for determining correct species names (Narendran, 2000, 2006; Quicke, 2013; Verma, 2015). We attempted to correct as many of the mistakes in the faunal list of Iran as possible, particularly when voucher specimens or appropriate photos were available, which has resulted in some species being excluded from the fauna of Iran. In some other cases we considered the records as doubtful and these will need to be confirmed or corrected in the future by authoritative taxonomists. For some of these doubtful records and for species described originally from countries other than Iran, accurate identifications may require comparing collected specimens with type material or other authoritatively identified specimens deposited in non-regional museums such as: The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom (NHM); National Museum (Natural History), Prague, Czech Republic (NMPC); Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary (HNHM); Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia (ZIN); and Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (MNHN).

Chapter 21

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Not only is accurate taxonomy important for faunal surveys, it is also critical for correctly identifying pest species and their natural enemies if successful biological control of economically important pests is to be obtained. Correct identifications of beneficial species are necessary so that they can be correctly introduced or applied against pest species, and subsequently to ascertain whether introduced species successfully established and the effectiveness of the species against the pest for biological control. Given the importance of Chalcidoidea as biocontrol agents of important pests in agriculture and forestry, it is essential to complete more comprehensive surveys in all areas of Iran so as to continue to compile and update checklists for an ever more accurate faunal list. Though comprehensive knowledge of the faunal resources of Iran is the first step toward identifying and using parasitoids to help resolve pest problems, also necessary are a knowledge of host–parasitoid relationships, their biology, and other climatic and ecological factors that influence the pest and beneficial species in Iran. Many factors can interfere with the ecological requirements of parasitoids and reduce their effectiveness as biological control agents. Application of high doses of pesticides severely reduces population levels, not only of the host pest population but also of their parasitoids, which can result in local extirpation of the parasitoids and resurgence in pest populations at even higher levels. Parasitoids also show higher sensitivity to other types of environmental perturbations (Croft, 1990; Bellows and Fisher, 1999; Lakshmi Devi Menon et al., 2016). Various cultural practices, such as tillage or burning of crop debris, can kill natural enemies or make the crop habitat unsuitable (Gurr and Wratten, 2000). In orchards, repeated cultivation for weed control may create dust deposits on leaves, killing small natural enemies and causing increases in certain pests (De Bach and Rosen, 1991). Finally, host-plant effects such as chemical or physical defences may reduce the effectiveness of natural enemies by altering their search efficiencies or life history characteristics (Bellows and Fisher, 1999; Narendran, 2001). Conserving of natural enemies often requires modification of production practices that are similar to changes in practices recommended by integrated pest management principles (e.g. increased diversification of crops, reduction in pesticide use, etc.) (Kogan, 1998; Maredia et al., 2003). Unfortunately, relatively little is known about the biology, ecology and biogeography of Iranian chalcidoids and more

Diversity of Iranian Chalcidoidea

research is needed to investigate geographical distributions and trophic associations of chalcidoid wasps associated with host insects and plant species in Iran. Acquiring financial support remains one of the most important factors for taxonomic research. Because of the demonstrated economic importance of accurate taxonomy, funding agencies and universities should earmark sufficient funds for taxonomic research and sufficient financial support should be given to universities to promote the development of taxonomic specialist cadres and scholarships and fellowships for research in taxonomy (Kapoor, 2001; Narendran, 2006).

Note 1

  The families Cynipencyrtidae Trjapitzin, 1973, Rotoitidae Bouček and Noyes, 1987, and Tanaostigmatidae Ashmead, 1904, are not known from Iran.

References Abd-Rabou, S., Ghahari, H., Myartseva, S.N. and RuízCancino, E. (2013) Iranian Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 1, 116–140. Abd-Rabou, S., Samin, N., Coronado-Blanco, J.M. and Sakenin, H. (2019) New records of Aphelinidae from Iran, and updated checklist of Iranian Aphelinidae, Azotidae and Eriaporidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Egyptian Journal of Plant Protection Research 2, 67–71. Abolhassanzadeh, F., Lotfalizadeh, H. and Madjdzadeh, S.M. (2017) Updated checklist of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Iran, with some new records. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 3, 119–140. Bellows, T.S. and Fisher, T.W. (1999) Hand-book of Biological Control. Academic Press, San Diego, California, 1046 pp. Croft, B.A. (1990) Arthropod Biological Control Agents and Pesticides. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 723 pp. De Bach, P. and Rosen, D. (1991) Biological Control by Natural Enemies. 2nd end. Cambridge University Press, New York, 440 pp. Delvare, G. (2017) Order Hymenoptera, family Chalcididae. Arthropod Fauna of the UAE 6, 225–274. Falahatpisheh, A., Fallahzadeh, M., Dousti, A. and Delvare, G. (2018) Review of Iranian Chalcididae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) with nomenclatural notes. Zootaxa 4394, 251–269. Fallahzadeh, M. and Huber, J.T. (2011) The occurrence of Gonatocerus litoralis (Haliday, 1833) (Chalcidoidea, Mymaridae) in Iran, with a new host record. Munis Entomology and Zoology 6, 297–300.

407

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Fallahzadeh, M. and Japoshvili, G. (2010) Checklist of Iranian Encyrtids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) with descriptions of new species. Journal of Insect Science 10, 1–24. Fallahzadeh, M. and Japoshvili, G. (2017) An updated checklist of Iranian Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Zootaxa 4344, 1–46. Fallahzadeh, M., Narendran, T.C. and Saghaei, N. (2009) Insecta, Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eurytomidae and Torymidae in Iran. CheckList 5, 830–839. Ghahari, H. (2019) Annotated checklist of Iranian Leucospidae and Tetracampidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Entomological News 128, 161–168. Ghahari, H. (2020) A study on the fauna of predator and parasitoid arthropods in saffron fields (Crocus sativus L.). Journal of Saffron Research 7(2), 203–215 [in Persian, English summary]. Ghahari, H. and Doğanlar, M. (2017) An annotated catalog of the Iranian Torymidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 143, 453–472. Ghahari, H. and Gençer, L. (2017) Checklists of the Eucharitidae and Ormyridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Iran. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae (Brno) 102, 145–157. Ghahari, H. and van Noort, S. (2011) A comment on Iranian fig wasps (Chalcidoidea: Agaonidae, Pteromalidae). Linzer Biologische Beiträge 43/2, 1247–1252. Ghahari, H., Myartseva, S.N., Huang, J., Ruiz-Cancino, E. and Abd-Rabou, Sh. (2014) A checklist of the Iranian Signiphoridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Wuyi Science Journal 30, 74–82. Ghahari, H., Doğanlar, M., Sureshan, P.M. and Ostovan, H. (2015) An annotated catalogue of the Iranian Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Entomofauna (Supplement) 19, 1–101. Guerrieri, E. and Ghahari, H. (2018) New records, descriptions and notes on Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Iran. Zootaxa 4444, 316–326. Gurr, G. and Wratten, S.D. (2000) Biological Control: Measures of Success. Kluwer Academic, Boston, Massachusetts, 429 pp. Hesami, S., Ebrahimi, E., Ostovan, H. and Yefremova, Z. (2010) Contribution to the study of Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Fars province of Iran: II – Subfamilies Entiinae and Eulophinae, with a checklist of Eulophidae of Iran. Plant Protection Journal 2, 239–253. Hesami, S., Madjdzadeh, S.M., Moeinadini, A., Shafiee, S. and Yegorenkova, E. (2018) Checklist of Iranian Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) with one new genus and eight new species records. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 144, 359–388. Huber, J.T., Viggiani, G. and Jesu, R. (2009) Order Hymenoptera, family Mymaridae. Arthropod Fauna of the UAE 2, 270–297.

408

Kapoor, V.C. (2001) Principles and Practices of Animal Taxonomy. 2nd edn. Science Publishers Inc., Enfield, New Hampshire, 246 pp. Kogan, M. (1998) Integrated pest management: historical perspectives and contemporary developents. Annual Review of Entomology 43, 243–270. Lakshmi Devi Menon, P., Narendran, T.C., Presty, J. and Baaby, J. (2016) Distribution and diversity of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) associated with rice ecosystem in Palakkad district of Kerala state. International Journal of Entomology Research 1, 6–9. Lotfalizadeh, H. (2015) Preliminary checklist of Iranian mymarids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Mymaridae). Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research 47, 73–78. Lotfalizadeh, H. and Ghadirzadeh, L. (2016) Review of Iranian Eupelmidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), with five new records. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 2, 181–192. Lotfalizadeh, H. and Gharali, B. (2008) Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Iran: new records and a preliminary checklist. Entomofauna 29, 93–120. Lotfalizadeh, H., Askew, R.R., Fuentes-Utrilla, P. and Tavakoli, M. (2012) The species of Ormyrus Westwood (Hymenoptera: Ormyridae) in Iran with description of an unusual new species. Zootaxa 3300, 34–44. Lotfalizadeh, H., Gharali, B. and Rasplus, J.-Y. (2020) Thaumatorymus Ferrière and Novicky, 1954 (Hymenoptera: Torymidae), a rare and monotypic genus discovered in Iran. Journal of Crop Protection 9, 411–419. Maredia, K.M., Dakouo, D. and Mota-Sanchez, D. (2003) Integrated Pest Management in the Global Arena. Cromwell Press, Trowbridge, UK, 512 pp. Modarres Awal, M. (2012) List of Agricultural Pests and their Natural Enemies in Iran. 3rd edn. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, Iran, 759 pp. Moeinadini, A., Ebrahimi, S., Madjdzadeh, S.M. and Ali Dawah, H. (2020) New records of three Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) associated with Stipa arabica Trin. & Rupr. (Poaceae) in Iran. Oriental Insects DOI: 10.1080/00305316.2020.1740897 Narendran, T.C. (2000) Importance of systematics. Resonance 5, 60–68. Narendran, T.C. (2001) Parasitic Hymenoptera and Biological Control. Palani Paramount Publications, Palani, India, 201 pp. Narendran, T.C. (2006) An Introduction to Taxonomy. Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 80 pp. Noyes, J.S. (2019) Universal Chalcidoidea Database. Available at: www.nhm.ac.uk/chalcidoids (accessed December 2019). Parsa, M., Adeli-Manesh, H., Sadeghi, S.E., Lotfalizadeh, H., Al-Sendi, A. et al. (2020) New records of seedfeeding and parasitic chalcid wasps of the family Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) from Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 39, 367–381.

Chapter 21

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Quicke, D.L.J. (2013) Principles and Techniques of Contemporary Taxonomy. Chapman and Hall, London, 328 pp. Rahmani, Z., Rakhshani, E., Lotfalizadeh, H. and Mokhtari, A. (2020a) First occurrence of the genus Harrizia Delucchi, 1962 (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in the border of East Palaearctic. Journal of Crop Protection 9, 149–155. Rahmani, Z., Rakhshani, E., Lotfalizadeh, H. and Mokhtari, A. (2020b) First records of the genera Psilocera Walker, 1833 and Stinoplus Thomson, 1878 (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae) in Iran. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 6, 213–221. Saghaei, N., Fallahzadeh, M. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2018) Annotated catalog of Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera: Chacidoidea) from Iran. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 144, 263–293. Shojaey, M., Khayrandish, M., Madjdzadeh, S.M. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2020a) A faunistic study of Miscogastrinae, Ormocerinae and Spalangiinae (Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae) in south of Kerman province with a new generic record from Iran. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 6, 167–177. Shojaey, M., Khayrandish, M., Madjdzadeh, S.M. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2020b) Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) in southern area of Kerman province

Diversity of Iranian Chalcidoidea

with some new generic and specific records. Journal of Crop Protection 9, 447–470. Stojanova, A. and Ghahari, H. (2009) Checklists of Iranian Eurytomidae and Torymidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Linzer Biologische Beiträge 41, 845–862. Talebi, A.A., Mohammadi-Khoramabadi, A. and Rakhshani, E. (2011) Checklist of eulophid wasps (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) of Iran. CheckList 7, 708–719. Tamoli Torfi, E., Rasekh, A., Moravvej, S.A., Mossadegh, M.S. and Rajabpoor, A. (2020) Associated Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) with the cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in the southwestern Iran. Journal of Crop Protection 9, 129–139. Tavakoli Roodi, T., Fallahzadeh, M. and Lotfalizadeh, H. (2016) Fauna of chalcid wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Chalcididae) in Hormozgan province, southern Iran. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 2, 155–166. van Noort, S. and Rasplus, J.Y. (2010) Order Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea associated with figs (families Agaonidae and Pteromalidae). Arthropod Fauna of the UAE 3, 325–355. Verma, S. (2015) Principles of Animal Taxonomy. Alpha Science International, Oxford, UK, 404 pp.

409

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

 

 

Megastigmus aculeatus (Swederus, 1795) – ♂ (Megastigmidae) [photo courtesy of I.E. Popescu]

Pseudotorymus papaveris (Thomson, 1876) – ♀ (Torymidae) [photo courtesy of I.E. Popescu]

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Appendix Host–chalcidoid parasitoid and hyperparasitoid relationships in Iran



Host species

Parasitoid species

Blattella germanica

Rhyzopertha dominica Xylopertha reflexicauda

Oxystoma ochropus

Agrilus angustulus Anthaxia aspera Anthaxia schah Chrysobothris parvipunctata Chrysobothris solieri Sphenoptera davatchii Trachys minuta Osphranteria coerulescens

Bruchidius virgatus Callosobruchus analis Callosobruchus chinensis Callosobruchus maculatus Callosobruchus quadrimaculatus Caryedon acaciae Caryedon angeri Caryedon prosopidis Cassidae palaestina Chrysomela coerufans Chrysomela populi Galerucella lineola Galerucella luteola

Stator limbatus

Order Blattaria Family Blattellidae Anastatus tenuipes Order Coleoptera Family Bostrichidae Anisopteromalus calandrae Eurytoma arctica Callocleonymus pulcher, Heydenia pretiosa Family Brentidae Eupelmus microzonus, E. urozonus Eurytoma laserpitii Pteromalus chlorospilus, P. sequester Family Buprestidae Eusandalum walkeri Stenoselma nigrum Calosota aestivalis Cratocentrus tomentosus, Trigonura ninae Hockeria sp., Tanycoryphus tibialis Eupelmus muellneri Heydenia pretiosa Callocleonymus pulcher Family Cerambycidae Ooencyrtus ferdowsii Eurytoma iranicola, E. turkestanica Chalcedectus balachowskyi Family Chrysomelidae Eurytoma trypeticola Dinarmus vagabundus Anisopteromalus calandrae, Dinarmus vagabundus Anisopteromalus calandrae, Dinarmus vagabundus Anisopteromalus calandrae Proconura caryobori, Psilochalcis subaenea Eurytoma scrophulariae Neohybothorax hetera Uscana senex Brachymeria inermis Schizonotus sieboldi Schizonotus sieboldi Tetrastichus sp. Brachymeria femorata Entedon sp., Oomyzus brevistigma, O. gallerucae, Pediobius lysis Eurytoma scrophulariae

Parasitoid family

Eupelmidae

Pteromalidae Eurytomidae Pteromalidae Eupelmidae Eurytomidae Pteromalidae Eupelmidae Pteromalidae Eupelmidae Chalcididae Chalcididae Eupelmidae Pteromalidae Pteromalidae Encyrtidae Eurytomidae Pteromalidae Eurytomidae Pteromalidae Pteromalidae Pteromalidae Pteromalidae Chalcididae Eurytomidae Chalcididae Trichogrammatidae Chalcididae Pteromalidae Pteromalidae Eulophidae Chalcididae Eulophidae Eurytomidae Continued

© CAB International 2021. Chalcidoidea of Iran (Insecta: Hymenoptera) (eds. H. Ghahari, G.A.P. Gibson and G. Viggiani).

411

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Host species

Parasitoid species

Cryptolaemus monterouzieri Exochomus nigripennis Exochomus nigromaculatus Exochomus pubescens Exochomus quadripustulatus Hyperaspis polita Menochilus sexmaculatus Nephus arcuatus Nephus bipunctatus Nephus hiekei Nephus includens Scymnus quadrimaculatus Scymnus subvillosus Anthonomus gemmicola Anthonomus pomorum Ceutorhynchus assimilis Cycloderes cribricollis Hypera postica

Hypolixus pica Lixus excelsus Lixus fasciculatus Lixus incanescens Lixus iridis Pachycerus cordiger Phloeosinus aubei Phloesinius bicolor Ruguloscolytus mediterraneus

Scolytus Scolytus Scolytus Scolytus Scolytus

amygdali eichhoffi fasciatus kirschi multistriatus

Scolytus orientalis Scolytus rugulosus

Scolytus scolytus

Family Coccinellidae Metastenus concinnus Gyranusoidea indica Homalotylus turkmenicus Homalotylus ephippium Homalotylus ephippium, H. turkmenicus, H. vicinus Homalotylus ephippium, H. turkmenicus H. vicinus Homalotylus turkmenicus, H. vicinus Homalotylus quaylei, Prochiloneurus aegyptiacus Pachyneuron muscarum Homalotylus ephippium, H. flaminius, H. turkmenicus, H. vicinus Homalotylus vicinus, Prochiloneurus aegyptiacus Homalotylus quaylei Homalotylus sp. Homalotylus quaylei Family Curculionidae Dipara petiolata Copidosoma peticus Pteromalus varians Hemiptarsenus unguicellus Mesopolobus morys Trychnosoma punctipleura Baryscapus nigroviolaceus, Diaulinopsis arenaria, Necremnus leucarthros, Oomyzus incertus Anaphes sp. Coelopisthia extenta, Dibrachoides dynastes, Pteromalus sp. Eurytoma curculionum Entedon diotimus Eurytoma ussuriensis Eurytoma aciculata, E. ghilarovi Rhopalicus quadratus Caenocrepis bothynoderi Eurytoma morio Entedon ergias Dinotiscus colon Entedon ergias Eupelmus muellneri Anisopteromalus calandrae, Callocleonymus pulcher, Cheiropachus quadrum, Dinotiscus colon, Heydenia pretiosa, Rhaphitelus maculatus Hyperimerus pusillus Ablaxia anaxenor Metacolus unifasciatus Metacolus azureus Entedon ergias Dinotiscus colon, Rhaphitelus ladenbergi, R. maculatus, Theocolax formiciformis Macromesus amphiretus, Rhopalicus tutela Entedon ergias Eurytoma arctica, E. morio Cheiropachus quadrum Dinotiscus eupterus

Parasitoid family Pteromalidae Encyrtidae Encyrtidae Encyrtidae Encyrtidae Encyrtidae Encyrtidae Encyrtidae Pteromalidae Encyrtidae Encyrtidae Encyrtidae Encyrtidae Encyrtidae Pteromalidae Encyrtidae Pteromalidae Eulophidae Pteromalidae Pteromalidae Eulophidae Mymaridae Pteromalidae Eurytomidae Eulophidae Eurytomidae Eurytomidae Pteromalidae Pteromalidae Eurytomidae Eulophidae Pteromalidae Eulophidae Eupelmidae Pteromalidae

Pteromalidae Pteromalidae Pteromalidae Pteromalidae Eulophidae Pteromalidae Pteromalidae Eulophidae Eurytomidae Pteromalidae Pteromalidae

412Appendix

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Host species

Parasitoid species

Parasitoid family

Sitophilus granarius

Anisopteromalus calandrae, Lariophagus distinguendus Anisopteromalus calandrae, Lariophagus distinguendus, Theocolax elegans, T. formiciformis Eurytoma arctica, E. curculionum Nikolskayana mirabilis Family Dermestidae Anisopteromalus calandrae Family Latridiidae Lamennaisia ambigua Family Ptinidae Theocolax formiciformis Trychnosoma punctipleura Order Diptera Family Agromyziidae Halticoptera flavicornis Diglyphus poppoea Sphegigaster stepicola, Toxeuma fuscicorne Diglyphus crassinervis, Hemiptarsenus zilahisebessi, Neochrysocharis formosus, Pediobius metallicus, Zagrammosoma variegatum Diglyphus isaea Diglyphus isaea, Pediobius metallicus Aprostocetus sp., Cirrospilus scapus, Diaulinopsis arenaria Miscogaster hortensis, Thinodytes cyzicus Cirrospilus vittatus, Diaulinopsis arenaria, Diglyphus begini, D. crassinervis, D. isaea, D. poppoea, D. pulchripes, Hemiptarsenus wailesellae, H. zilahisebessi, Neochrysocharis formosus, Pediobius metallicus, Pnigalio sp., Zagrammosoma variegatum Cyrtogaster vulgaris, Sphegigaster sp. Chrysocharis liriomyzae Baryscapus impeditus, Baryscapus sp., Chrysocharis albicoxis, Chrysocharis sp., Cirrospilus vittatus, Closterocerus sp., Diaulinopsis arenaria, Diglyphus chabrias, D. crassinervis, D. isaea, D. pachyneurus, D. pulchripes, Hemiptarsenus ornatus, H. varicornis, H. zilahisebessi, Neochrysocharis formosus, Neotrichoporoides szelenyii, Pediobius metallicus, Pediobius sp., Pnigalio cristatus, Pnigalio sp., Sympiesis acalle, Zagrammosoma talitzkii Sphegigaster brevicornis Diglyphus sabulosus Apotetrastichus sp. Chrysocharis albicoxis, C. crassiscapus, C. pubicornis, Cirrospilus vittatus, Diglyphus isaea, D. pachyneurus, D. poppoea, D. sensilis, Hemiptarsenus zilahisebessi, Pediobius metallicus, Pediobius sp., Zagrammosoma talitzkii Cyrtogaster vulgaris, Halticoptera andriescui, Sphegigaster sp.

Pteromalidae

Sitophilus oryzae Smicronyx robustus Xyleborus saxeseni Trogoderma granarium Melanophthalma suturalis Anobium punctatum Ernobius mollis

Agromyza alni-betula Agromyza ambigua Agromyza schineri Calycomyza humeralis

Chromatomyia nigra Liriomyza cicerina Liriomyza congesta

Liriomyza sativae

Liriomyza sonchi Liriomyza trifolii

Pegomya betae Phytoliriomyza dorsata Phytomyza horticola

Pteromalidae Eurytomidae Pteromalidae Pteromalidae Encyrtidae Pteromalidae Pteromalidae

Pteromalidae Eulophidae Pteromalidae Eulophidae

Eulophidae Eulophidae Eulophidae Pteromalidae Eulophidae

Pteromalidae Eulophidae Eulophidae

Pteromalidae Eulophidae Eulophidae Eulophidae

Pteromalidae Continued

Appendix413

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Host species

Parasitoid species

Parasitoid family

Phytomyza orobanchiae

Baryscapus galactopus, Pronotalia orobanchiae Ormyrus orientalis Family Anthomyidae Thektogaster chrysis Family Cecidomyiidae Capellia cecidomyiae Capellia cecidomyiae Aprostocetus venustus Stenomalina gracilis Pseudotorymus stachidis Torymoides violaceus Torymus artemisiae Family Chamaemyiidae Euryischia inopinata Family Chloropidae Neochrysocharis aratus Cyrtogaster vulgaris, Halticoptera aenea, Pteromalus apum, Trichomalopsis hemiptera, Trichomalopsis sp. Family Drosophilidae Platecrizotes europaeus Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae Family Ephydridae Urolepis maritima, Urolepis sp. Family Muscidae Dirhinus himalayanus, D. wohlfahrtiae Muscidifurax raptor, Nasonia vitripennis, Spalangia cameroni, S. endius, S. subpunctata Family Sarcophagidae Brachymeria podagrica Nasonia vitripennis Brachymeria podagrica Nasonia vitripennis Family Sciomyzidae Trichogramma brassicae, T. semblidis Family Syrphidae Bothriothorax serratellus Syrphophagus aeruginosus Pachyneuron formosum Pachyneuron formosum Syrphophagus aeruginosus Bothriothorax serratellus Paracarotomus cephalotes Bothriothorax clavicornis Family Tachinidae Baryscapus erynniae Family Tephritidae Microdontomerus annulatus Crataepus marbis, Pronotalia carlinarum Eurytoma acroptilae, E. strigifrons Ormyrus orientalis Colotrechnus viridis, Pachyneuron muscarum, Pteromalus sp. Adontomerus crassipes, Microdontomerus annulatus Cyrtoptyx latipes

Eulophidae Ormyridae

Hylemyia cilicrura Cecidomyia pini Cecidomyia testacea Contarinia tritici Dasyneura acrophila Dicrodiplosis manihoti Rhopalomyia hispanica Rhopalomyia navasi Leucopis annulipes Oscinella frit

Acletoxenus formosus Drosophila melanogaster Ephydra afghanica Musca domestica

Sarcophaga argyrostoma Wohlfahrtia nuba

Sepedon sphegea Dasysyrphus albostriatus Eupeodes corollae Eupeodes nuba Episyrphus balteatus Heringia heringi Syrphus pyrastri Syrphus vitripennis Erynniopsis antennata Acanthiophilus cothurnatus Acanthiophilus helianthi

Bactrocera oleae

Pteromalidae Pteromalidae Pteromalidae Eulophidae Pteromalidae Torymidae Torymidae Torymidae Eulophidae Eulophidae Pteromalidae

Pteromalidae Pteromalidae Pteromalidae Chalcididae Pteromalidae

Chalcididae Pteromalidae Chalcididae Pteromalidae Trichogrammatidae Encyrtidae Encyrtidae Pteromalidae Pteromalidae Encyrtidae Encyrtidae Pteromalidae Encyrtidae Eulophidae Torymidae Eulophidae Eurytomidae Ormyridae Pteromalidae Torymidae Pteromalidae

414Appendix

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Host species

Parasitoid species

Parasitoid family

Bactrocera zonata

Aprostocetus persicus Cyrtoptyx latipes Cyrtoptyx lichtensteini Aprostocetus sp., Pronotalia carlinarum Microdontomerus annulatus Eurytoma acroptilae Cyrtoptyx latipes Pteromalus sequester Pteromalus albipennis Pteromalus intermedius Cyrtogaster clavicornis, Halticoptera laevigata, Trichomalopsis peregrina Halticoptera polita Eurytoma acroptilae Crataepus marbis Crataepus marbis Microdontomerus annulatus Pteromalus albipennis Crataepus marbis Pteromalus albipennis Eurytoma acroptilae Order Hemiptera Family Aleyrodidae Encarsia acaudaleyrodis, E. mineoi, Eretmocerus corni Encarsia inaron Encarsia lutea, E. opulenta, Eretmocerus serius Ablerus perspeciosus Encarsia bennetti, Eretmocerus breviclavus, E. serius Encarsia clypealis, Eretmocerus breviclavus Encarsia aleurochitonis Encarsia aleurochitonis Encarsia aleurochitonis, E. inaron, E. sophia Encarsia alemansoori, E. hamata, E. perflava, E. protransvena, E. strenua, Eretmocerus delhiensis, E. trialeurodis, Eretmocerus sp. Encarsia cibcensis, E. longifasciata Eretmocerus diversiciliatus Ablerus perspeciosus Encarsia elegans, E. hamata, E. lutea, Eretmocerus flavus, E. longiscapus Encarsia azimi, E. macroptera Encarsia brimblecombei, E. diaspidicola, E. lutea Encarsia diaspidicola Encarsia bimaculata, E. macroptera, Eretmocerus longiscapus Encarsia indigoferae Eretmocerus cadabae Encarsia margaritiventris Encarsia lahorensis, Eretmocerus ostovani Encarsia formosa, E. inaron, Eretmocerus mundus Ceranisus pacuvius, Euderomphale chelidonii Encarsia formosa, E. inaron, E. lutea Neochrysocharis formosus

Eulophidae Pteromalidae Pteromalidae Eulophidae Torymidae Eurytomidae Pteromalidae Pteromalidae Pteromalidae Pteromalidae Pteromalidae

Carpomya vesuviana Chaetorellia carthami Carthamus tinctorius Dacus ciliatus Hypenidium oculatum Myopites inulaedyssentericae Oxyna parietina Rhagoletis cerasi Rhagoletis flavigenualis Terellia luteola Terellia nigripalpis Terellia serratulla Terellia tussilaginis Urophora affinis Urophora cardui Urophora mauritanica

Acaudaleyrodes rachipora Acaudaleyrodes citri Aleurocanthus spiniferus Aleurocanthus woglumi Aleurocanthus zizyphi Aleurochiton acerinus Aleurochiton aceris Aleurochiton pseudoplatani Aleuroclava jasmini

Aleuroclava neolitseae Aleuroclava similis Aleurolobus barodensis Aleurolobus marlatti Aleurolobus Aleurolobus Aleurolobus Aleurolobus

moundi niloticus olivinus wunni

Aleuromarginatus tephrosiae Aleuroplatus pectiniferus Aleurotuba jelinekii Aleyrodes elevatus Aleyrodes lonicerae Aleyrodes proletella

Pteromalidae Eurytomidae Eulophidae Eulophidae Torymidae Pteromalidae Eulophidae Pteromalidae Eurytomidae

Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Azotidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae

Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Azotidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Eulophidae Aphelinidae Eulophidae

Continued

Appendix415

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Host species

Parasitoid species

Parasitoid family

Aleyrodes singularis Asterobemisia atraphaxius Asterobemisia carpini Axacalia spiraeanthi Bemisia afer Bemisia argentifolii Bemisia confusa Bemisia giffardi Bemisia hancocki Bemisia ovata Bemisia salicaria Bemisia silvatica Bemisia sugonjaevi Bemisia tabaci

Encarsia inaron Eretmocerus neobemisiae Eretmocerus neobemisiae Encarsia axacaliae Encarsia azimi, Eretmocerus mundus Encarsia bimaculata Encarsia azimi, E. shutovae Euderomphale chelidonii Encarsia azimi, Eretmocerus mundus Encarsia lutea Encarsia tricolor Encarsia cibcensis Encarsia tricolor, Eretmocerus longiscapus Encarsia acaudaleyrodis, E. azimi, E. cibcensis, E. formosa, E. gennaroi, E. hamata, E. inaron, E. longivalvula, E. lutea, E. macoensis, E. pergandiella, E. shutovae, Eretmocerus adustiscutum, E. mundus, E. serius Encarsia lutea, Eretmocerus mundus, E. nikolskajae Encarsia formosa, E. lahorensis Encarsia lutea, E. protransvena Encarsia dialeuroporae, E. longivalvula Encarsia formosa, Eretmocerus adustiscutum, E. flavus Encarsia inaron, Eretmocerus delhiensis, Eretmocerus sp. Eretmocerus neomaskelliae Cales noacki, Encarsia azimi, Eretmocerus debachi, E. persiangulfus Encarsia gautieri Eretmocerus mundus Encarsia elegans, E. mineoi Encarsia inaron Encarsia acaudaleyrodis Eretmocerus nikolskajae Neochrysocharis formosus Encarsia formosa Encarsia formosa Encarsia protransvena, Eretmocerus corni, E. mundus Encarsia lutea, E. sophia, Eretmocerus mundus, E. trialeurodis Encarsia acaudaleyrodis, E. formosa, E. gennaroi, E. inaron, E. mineoi, E. pergandiella, Eretmocerus delhiensis, E. eremicus, E. mundus Encarsia formosa Family Aphididae Aphelinus asychis, A. semiflavus Syrphophagus aphidivorus Pachyneuron aphidis, P. leucopiscida Aphelinus albipodus Syrphophagus aphidivorus Aphelinus gossypii, A. varipes Syrphophagus aphidivorus Coruna sp., Pachyneuron aphidis, P. leucopiscida

Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Eulophidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae

Bulgarialeurodes cotesii Dialeurodes citri Dialeurodes kirkaldyi Dialeuropora decempunctata Lipaleyrodes euphorbiae Neomaskellia andropogonis Neomaskellia bergii Parabemisia myricae Pealius azaleae Rosanovia hulthemiae Siphoninus immaculatus Siphoninus phillyreae Tetraleurodes hederae Tetralicia erianthi Trialeurodes abutiloneus Trialeurodes lauri Trialeurodes packardi Trialeurodes ricini Trialeurodes vaporariorum

Trialeurodes variabilis Aphis craccivora

Aphis fabae Aphis gossypii

Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Eulophidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae

Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Encyrtidae Pteromalidae Aphelinidae Encyrtidae Aphelinidae Encyrtidae Pteromalidae

416Appendix

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Host species

Parasitoid species

Parasitoid family

Aphis grossulariae Aphis pomi Aphis punicae Brevicoryne brassicae

Aphelinus argiope Aphelinus paramali Syrphophagus aphidivorus Syrphophagus aphidivorus Pachyneuron aphidis Aphelinus asychis Syrphophagus aphidivorus Pachyneuron aphidis Aphelinus albipodus, A. flaviventris, A. varipes Aphelinus mali Aphelinus flaviventris Syrphophagus aphidivorus Aphelinus varipes Aphelinus subflavescens Aphelinus abdominalis Aphelinus humilis Syrphophagus aphidivorus Protaphelinus nikolskajae Aphelinus flaviventris Asaphes suspensus, Pachyneuron solitarium Pachyneuron groenlandicum Syrphophagus aphidivorus Euneura lachni, Pachyneuron aphidis, Pachyneuron sp. Pachyneuron grande Aphelinus abdominalis, A. chaonia, A. varipes Aphelinus abdominalis, A. chaonia, A. varipes Aphelinus flaviventris Syrphophagus ariantes, S. arundinicola Aphelinus annulipes Aphelinus asychis Asaphes suspensus, Pachyneuron aphidis Euneura lachni Family Cerococcidae Discodes rubtzovi Family Cicadellidae Anagrus atomus, Lymaenon thyrides Oligosita pallida, Trichogramma sp. Anagrus atomus Aphelinoidea gerlingi Anagrus atomus Lymaenon sp. Family Cicadidae Centrodora sp. Eupelmus cicadae Lymaenon litoralis Family Coccidae Eunotus nigriclavis Discodes obscuriclavus Anagyrus sp., Blastothrix sericea Cerapterocerus mirabilis Coccophagus bivittatus Metaphycus flavus Moranila californica

Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Encyrtidae Encyrtidae Pteromalidae Aphelinidae Encyrtidae Pteromalidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Encyrtidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Encyrtidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Pteromalidae Pteromalidae Encyrtidae Pteromalidae

Chromaphis juglandicola

Diuraphis noxia Eriosoma lanigerum Hyadaphis coriandri Lipaphis erysimi Longiungius pyrarius Macrosiphoniella sanborni Macrosiphum euphorbiae Macrosiphum rosae Myzus persicae Pemphigus immunis Pemphigus spyrothecae Phleomyzus passerini Pterochlorus persicae

Pterocomma populeum Rhopalosiphum maidis Schizaphis graminum Sitobion avenae Saltusaphis scirpus Therioaphis maculata Tinocallis nevskyi Tuberolachnus salignus Cerococcus longipilosus Arboridia kermanshah Circulifer tenellus Edwardsiana rosae Neoaliturus tenellus Cicadatra ochreata Zyginidia sohrab Acantholecanium haloxyloni Acanthopulvinaria orientalis Anapulvinaria pistaciae Ceroplastes elytropappi Ceroplastes floridensis

Pteromalidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Encyrtidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Pteromalidae Pteromalidae Encyrtidae Mymaridae Trichogrammatidae Mymaridae Trichogrammatidae Mymaridae Mymaridae Aphelinidae Eupelmidae Mymaridae Pteromalidae Encyrtidae Encyrtidae Encyrtidae Aphelinidae Encyrtidae Pteromalidae Continued

Appendix417

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Host species

Parasitoid species

Parasitoid family

Ceroplastes rusci

Anicetus italicus, Metaphycus dispar Aprostocetus toddaliae Aphytis hispanicus, Coccophagus lutescens, C. lycimnia Microterys nietneri Alaptus iceryae Metastenus concinnus, Pachyneuron muscarum Coccophagus ceroplastae Coccophagus cowperi Coccobius varicornis, Coccophagus lycimnia, C. scutellaris, C. silvestrii, C. yoshidae, Encarsia aurantii, E. brimblecombei, E. citrina Encyrtus aurantii, E. infelix, E. swederi, Encyrtus sp., Metaphycus claviger, M. davoodii, M. flavus, M. helvolus, Microterys ericeri, M. masii, M. nietneri, M. tricoloricornis, Trichomasthus albimanus Pachyneuron muscarum Coccophagus piceae Trichomasthus albimanus Coccophagus lycimnia, C. piceae Blastothrix sericea, Cheiloneurus claviger, Habrolepis dalmanni, Metaphycus pulvinariae, M. zebratus, Microterys cuprinus, M. hortulanus, M. sylvius, Zaomma lambinus Dibrachys sp., Pachyneuron muscarum Microterys sylvius Anagyrus sp., Blastothrix aprica, Cheiloneurus claviger, Diversinervus elegans, Leptomastix flava, Metaphycus melanostomatus, Metaphycus sp. Eurytoma iranica Coccophagus lycimnia, C. piceae, C. pulchellus, Pteroptrix bicolor Anagyrus schoenherri, Blastothrix brittanica, B. ilicicola, B. longipennis, B. sericea, B. truncatipennis, Cheiloneurus claviger, Encyrtus aurantii, Metaphycus insidiosus, M. lounsburyi, M. pappus, M. parthenolecanii, M. punctipes, M. stanleyi, Metaphycus sp., Microterys hortulanus, M. lunatus, M. sylvius, M. tessellatus, Prochiloneurus sp. Pachyneuron muscarum Chartocerus kurdjumovi Zaomma lambinus Coccophagus lycimnia Encyrtus infidus, Metaphycus melanostomatus, M. parthenolecanii, M. prengoi, M. silvestrii, M. stagnarum, M. stanleyi, Microterys nuticaudatus, M. sylvius Pachyneuron muscarum Microterys tricoloricornis Anagyrus schoenherri Chartocerus subaeneus Metaphycus stagnarum Coccophagus insidiator, C. lycimnia, C. scutellaris, C. semicircularis Anagyrus schoenherri, Cheiloneurus claviger, C. elegans, Microterys cneus, M. duplicatus, M. lunatus, Trichomasthus cyaneus Moranila californica

Encyrtidae Eulophidae Aphelinidae Encyrtidae Mymaridae Pteromalidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae

Ceroplastes sinensis

Chloropulvinaria aurantii Coccus floccifera Coccus hesperidum

Coccus pseudomagnoliarum Didesmococcus unifasciatus

Eulecanium ficiphilum Eulecanium rugulosum

Eulecanium tiliae

Mesolecanium nigrofasciatum Palaeolecanium bituberculatum Parthenolecanium corni

Parthenolecnium persicae Pulvinaria betulae Pulvinaria floccifera Pulvinaria vitis

Encyrtidae

Pteromalidae Aphelinidae Encyrtidae Aphelinidae Encyrtidae

Pteromalidae Encyrtidae Encyrtidae

Eurytomidae Aphelinidae Encyrtidae

Pteromalidae Signiphoridae Encyrtidae Aphelinidae Encyrtidae

Pteromalidae Encyrtidae Encyrtidae Signiphoridae Encyrtidae Aphelinidae Encyrtidae

Pteromalidae

418Appendix

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Host species

Parasitoid species

Parasitoid family

Rhodococcus perornatus Saissetia miranda

Microterys bellae Metaphycus dispar Scutellista caerulea Ablerus perspeciosus Anicetus annulatus, Cheiloneurus paralia, Homalotylus flaminius, Leptomastidea abnormis, Metaphycus helvolus, M. lounsburyi, M. stanleyi, Microterys tricoloricornis Mesopeltita truncatipennis, Moranila californica Aphytis chrysomphali, Coccobius annulicornis, Coccophagus differens, C. lycimnia, Pteroptrix macropedicellata Blastothrix brittanica, B. sericea, Blastothrix sp., Cerapterocerus mirabilis, Cerapterocerus sp., Cheiloneurus claviger, Discodes coccophagus, Encyrtus aurantii, E. infidus, Metaphycus claviger, M. punctipes, Microterys cuprinus, M. darevskii, M. hortulanus, M. iranicus Pachyneuron muscarum Metaphycus hodzhevanishvilii Family Diaspididae Aphytis chrysomphali, A. melinus, A. proclia, Encarsia aurantii, E. citrina, E. fasciata, E. lounsburyi, E. perniciosi, Pteroptrix smithi Chartocerus rosanovi Aphytis chrysomphali, Encarsia aurantii, E. citrina, E. fasciata, E. inquirenda Chartocerus rosanovi Aphytis chrysomphali, A. lingnanensis, A. proclia, Aphytis sp., Coccobius contigaspidis, C. reticulatus, Coccobius sp., Coccophagus sp., Encarsia aurantii, E. diaspidicola Ablerus aonidiellae, A. chrysomphali, Ablerus sp. Cerapterocerus mirabilis, Comperiella bifasciata, C. lemniscata Ablerus chrysomphali Aphytis melinus, Coccobius varicornis Aphytis maculicornis, Coccobius annulicornis Aphytis melinus, Encarsia inquirenda, E. lounsburyi Coccobius fulvus Adelencyrtus aulacaspidis Encarsia fasciata Encarsia fasciata Coccobius annulicornis Adelencyrtus brachycaudae Coccobius fulvus Metaphycus chermis, Zaomma lambinus Encarsia brimblecombei Ablerus perspeciosus Chartocerus kurdjumovi Aphytis chrysomphali, A. lepidosaphes, A. maculicornis, A. proclia, Encarsia berlesei, E. aurantii, E. brimblecombei, E. citrina, E. fasciata, E. inquirenda, E. lounsburyi Comperiella bifasciata Alaptus iceryae, Alaptus minimus

Encyrtidae Encyrtidae Pteromalidae Azotidae Encyrtidae

Saissetia oleae

Sphaerolecanium prunastri

Stotzia ephedrae Aonidiella aurantii

Aonidiella citrina

Aonidiella orientalis

Aspidaspis laperrinei Aspidiotus destructor Aspidiotus hederae Aspidiotus nerii Aulacaspis rosae Chionaspis lepineyi Chionaspis parastigma Chionaspis salicis Chlidaspis asiatica Chrysomphalus aonidum

Chrysomphalus dictyospermi

Pteromalidae Aphelinidae

Encyrtidae

Pteromalidae Encyrtidae Aphelinidae

Signiphoridae Aphelinidae Signiphoridae Aphelinidae

Azotidae Encyrtidae Azotidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Encyrtidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Encyrtidae Aphelinidae Encyrtidae Aphelinidae Azotidae Signiphoridae Aphelinidae

Encyrtidae Mymaridae

Continued

Appendix419

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Host species

Parasitoid species

Parasitoid family

Clidaspis asiatica Diaspidiotus gigas Diaspidiotus ostreaformis Diaspidiotus perniciosus

Aphytis mytilaspidis Coccobius danzigae, Encarsia gigas Diaspiniphagus moeris Aphytis aonidiae, A. hispanicus, Encarsia fasciata, E. perniciosi Pteroptrix bicolor Blastothrix brittanica, Habrolepis tergrigorianae Aphytis chrysomphali Ablerus chrysomphali Coccobius danzigae Coccobius annulicornis Metaphycus sp. Ablerus celsus Encarsia lounsburyi Aphytis holoxanthus, Encarsia citrina, E. clypealis, E. perniciosi Alaptus minimus Aphytis libanicus, Coccobius fulvus, Encarsia leucaspidis Encarsia aurantii, E. brimblecombei, E. citrina, E. inquirenda Alaptus minimus Coccobius fulvus Encarsia citrina, E. inquirenda Aphytis chrysomphali, A. mytilaspidis, Coccobius annulicornis, Pteroptrix dimidiata, P. opaca Ablerus chrysomphali Adelencyrtus intersectus, Blastothrix sp., Metaphycus zebratus, Zaomma lambinus Pachyneuron muscarum, Pteromalus puparum Thysanus ater Coccobius pistacicolus, Encarsia aurantii, E. citrina, E. inquirenda Aphytis mytilaspidis, Coccobius annulicornis, C. viggianii, Coccophagus lycimnia Ablerus chrysomphali Zaomma lambinus Aphytis abnormis, Coccobius annulicornis, C. varicornis, Encarsia lounsburyi, E. perniciosi, Pteroptrix maritima Adelencyrtus intersectus, Habrolepis dalmanni, Metaphycus chermis, Syrphophagus herbidus, Zaomma lambinus Encarsia citrina, E. intermedia Encarsia citrina Pachyneuron muscarum Aphytis paramaculicornis, Coccobius indefinitus Blastothrix sericea, Habrolepis dalmanni Ablerus chionaspidis Mercetaspis halli Encarsia citrina Coccobius varicornis, Proaphelinoides elongatiformis Ablerus celsus Coccobius varicornis, Encarsia lounsburyi

Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae

Diaspidiotus prunorum Diaspidiotus slavonicus Diaspis boisduvalii Didesmococcus unifasciatus Epidiaspis leperii Hemiberlesia lataniae Lepidosaphes beckii

Lepidosaphes conchiformis Lepidosaphes gloverii

Lepidosaphes granati Lepidosaphes japonica Lepidosaphes malicola

Lepidosaphes pallida Lepidosaphes pistaciae

Lepidosaphes ulmi

Leucaspis pusilla Leucaspis riccae Mercetaspis halli Melanaspis inopinata Melanaspis lauristanicus Mercetaspis halli Nuculaspis abietis Odonaspis secreta Parlagena remaudierei Parlatoria asiatica

Aphelinidae Encyrtidae Aphelinidae Azotidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Encyrtidae Azotidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Mymaridae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Mymaridae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Azotidae Encyrtidae Pteromalidae Signiphoridae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Azotidae Encyrtidae Aphelinidae

Encyrtidae

Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Pteromalidae Aphelinidae Encyrtidae Azotidae Encyrtidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Azotidae Aphelinidae

420Appendix

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Host species

Parasitoid species

Parasitoid family

Parlatoria blanchardi Parlatoria oleae

Aphytis mytilaspidis, Coccobius contigaspidis Aphytis chilensis, A. chrysomphali, A. mytilaspidis, A. paramaculicornis, A. proclia, Coccobius annulicornis, C. mesasiaticus, Encarsia aurantii, E. citrina, E. lounsburyi Habrolepis pascuorum Pachyneuron muscarum Aphytis maculicornis, A. melinus, Marietta carnesi, Encarsia citrina, E. lounsburyi Aphytis africanus, A. chrysomphali, Encarsia berlesei, E. citrina, E. lounsburyi Encarsia citrina Aphytis chrysomphali, A. proclia, Encarsia berlesei, E. fasciata, E. perniciosi Ablerus atomon, A. perspeciosus, Ablerus sp. Chartocerus subaeneus Teleterebratus perversus, Thomsonisca amathus Ablerus atomon Aphytis neuter, Encarsia diaspidicola, E. perniciosi Ablerus perspeciosus Coccobius indefinitus Pteroptrix dimidiata Pteroptrix bicolor Coccobius annulicornis Encarsia aurantii, E. brimblecombei, E. citrina, E. inquirenda Family Eriococcidae Marietta picta Metaphycus anophococcusi Pachyneuron muscarum Chartocerus subaeneus Coccophagus gossypariae Coccidoxenoides perminutus, Metaphycus stanleyi Family Kermococcidae Microterys ferrugineus Family Liviidae Marietta leopardina Psyllaephagus belanensis, P. procerus, P. stenopsyllae Tamarixia radiata Family Pseudococcidae Anagyrus matritensis Paranathrix acanthococci Coccophagus pseudococci Anagyrus agraensis, A. dactylopii, A. fusciventris, A. kamali, A. mirzai, A. pseudococci, Anagyrus sp., Gyranusoidea indica, Homalotylus quaylei, Prochiloneurus aegyptiacus, P. bolivari Pachyneuron muscarum Chartocerus kurdjumovi Pachyneuron grande Marietta picta, Coccophagus pseudococci, Coccophagus sp.

Aphelinidae Aphelinidae

Parlatoria pergandii Parlatoria zizyphi Pinnaspis aspidistrae Pseudaulacaspis pentagona

Quadraspidiotus cecconii Quadraspidiotus perniciosus Quadraspidiotus zonatus Salicicola davatchii Salicicola kermanensis Tecaspis asiatica Unaspis euonymi

Anophococcus abaii

Gossyparia spuria

Kermococcus quercus Diaphorina citri

Chorizococcus viticola Ferrisia virgata Maconellicoccus hirsutus

Nipaecoccus vastator Nipaecoccus viridis

Encyrtidae Pteromalidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Azotidae Signiphoridae Encyrtidae Azotidae Aphelinidae Azotidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Aphelinidae

Aphelinidae Encyrtidae Pteromalidae Signiphoridae Aphelinidae Encyrtidae Encyrtidae Aphelinidae Encyrtidae Eulophidae Encyrtidae Encyrtidae Aphelinidae Encyrtidae

Pteromalidae Signiphoridae Pteromalidae Aphelinidae Continued

Appendix421

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Host species

Peliococcus kimmericus

Peliococcopsis priesneri Phenacoccus aceris Phenacoccus bicerarius Phenacoccus pumilus Phenacoccus solenopsis

Planococcus citri

Planococcus ficus

Planococcus vovae

Pseudococcus adonidum Pseudococcus comstocki

Pseudococcus filamentosus Pseudococcus maritimus

Parasitoid species

Parasitoid family

Anagyrus agraensis, A. aligarhensis, A. dactylopii, A. mirzai, A. pseudococci, Gyranusoidea indica, Homalotylus albiclavatus, H. flaminius, H. quaylei, Leptomastidea alleni, Leptomastix longicornis, L. nigrocoxalis, Prochiloneurus aegyptiacus, Prochiloneurus sp. Pachyneuron muscarum, P. planiscuta, P. solitarium Chartocerus kurdjumovi, Chartocerus sp. Marietta picta Anagyrus archangelskayae, A. kilinceri, A. matritensis, A. securicornis, Aphycus apicalis, A. secundus, Charitopus sp., Cheiloneurus kollari, C. paralia, Homalotylus quaylei, Leptomastix flava, L. mayri, Prochiloneurus aegyptiacus Chartocerus kurdjumovi Rhopus nigroclavatus Anagyrus bohemanni, A. schoenherri, Leptomastix flava, Microterys chalcostomus Cheiloneurus sp., Mayridia pulchra, Tetracnemoidea peregrina Anagyrus aligarhensis Marietta picta Aenasius arizonensis, Anagyrus agraensis, A. aligarhensis, A. dactylopii, A. osmoi, Bothriothorax serratellus, Leptomastix flava, L. mayri, Prochiloneurus aegyptiacus, P. bolivari Promuscidea unfasciativentris Chartocerus kurdjumovi, Chartocerus sp. Anagyrus dactylopii, A. pseudococci, A. schoenherri, Blepyrus insularis, Clausenia purpurea, Leptomastix flava Alaptus iceryae Marietta picta Anagyrus agraensis, A. dactylopii, A. mirzai, A. planococci, A. pseudococci, Leptomastidea abnormis, Leptomastix dactylopii, L. flava, Prochiloneurus bolivari Aprostocetus trjapitzini, Baryscapus sugonjaevi Pachyneuron muscarum Chartocerus kurdjumovi Coccophagus proximus, Marietta picta Anagyrus pseudococci, Coccidoxenoides perminutus, Dusmetia fuscipennis, Leptomastidea abnormis, L. alleni, L. matritensis, Echthroplexiella irinae, Homalotylus ephippium Aprostocetus ceroplastae Pachyneuron bonum Chartocerus kurdjumovi Goidanichium atrum Marietta picta Anagyrus novickyi, Coccidoxenoides perminutus, Echthroplexiella flava Pachyneuron muscarum Anagyrus pseudococci, Tetracnemus bifasciatellus Chartocerus rosanovi Anagyrus belibus, A. saccharicola

Encyrtidae

Pteromalidae Signiphoridae Aphelinidae Encyrtidae

Signiphoridae Encyrtidae Encyrtidae Encyrtidae Encyrtidae Aphelinidae Encyrtidae

Eriaporidae Signiphoridae Encyrtidae

Mymaridae Aphelinidae Encyrtidae

Eulophidae Pteromalidae Signiphoridae Aphelinidae Encyrtidae

Eulophidae Pteromalidae Signiphoridae Pteromalidae Aphelinidae Encyrtidae Pteromalidae Encyrtidae Signiphoridae Encyrtidae

422Appendix

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Host species

Parasitoid species

Parasitoid family

Pseudococcus viburni Trabutina crassispinosa

Anagyrus pseudococci, Leptomastix flava Anagyrus pseudococci Pachyneuron muscarum Mayridia formosula Family Psyllidae Marietta picta Prionomitus sp. Marietta picta Prionomitus mitratus, Psyllaephagus claripes, P. pistaciae, P. diaphorinae, Syrphophagus aphidivorus Tetrastichus sp. Pachyneuron muscarum, Pachyneuron sp. Chartocerus kurdjumovi Psyllaephagus sp., Syrphophagus aphidivorus Pachyneuron aphidis Trechnites insidiosus Hyperimerus pusillus, Pachyneuron muscarum Psyllaephagus sp. Psyllaephagus sp. Tetrastichus sp. Pachyneuron aphidis Psyllaephagus zdeneki Marietta picta Psyllaephagus claripes Order Heteroptera Family Pentatomidae Ooencyrtus egeria, Ooencyrtus sp. Ooencyrtus nigerrimus, O. telenomicida Ooencyrtus nigerrimus Ooencyrtus nigerrimus, O. telenomicida Ooencyrtus nigerrimus, O. telenomicida Oopristus turkestanicus Ooencyrtus egeria, O. iranicus, O. pistaciae, O. telenomicida, Ooencyrtus sp. Ooencyrtus pityocampae Ooencyrtus nigerrimus, O. telenomicida Ooencyrtus nigerrimus, O. telenomicida Family Scutelleridae Ooencyrtus nigerrimus, O. pityocampae, O. telenomicida Anastatus bifasciatus Family Tingidae Erythmelus panis Order Hymenoptera Family Agaonidae Philotrypesis caricae Philotrypesis pilosa Family Aphelinidae Chartocerus rosanovi Ablerus perspeciosus Aphytis sp. Ablerus chrysomphali, Ablerus sp. Ablerus chionaspidis

Encyrtidae Encyrtidae Pteromalidae Encyrtidae

Trionymus amaryllidis Agonoscena cisti Agonoscena pistaciae

Agonoscena targionii Cacopsylla pyricola Cyamophila dicora Euphyllura olivina

Euphyllura pakistanica Psyllopsis repens

Acrosternum arabicum Aelia acuminata Aelia furcula Aelia melanota Aelia virgata Apodiphus amygdali Brachynema germari Brachynema signatum Carpocoris fuscispinus Dolycoris baccarum Eurygaster integriceps

Stephanitis pyri

Blastophaga psenes Ceratosolen marchali Aphytis chrysomphali Aphytis proclia Coccobius annulicornis Coccobius reticulatus

Aphelinidae Encyrtidae Aphelinidae Encyrtidae

Eulophidae Pteromalidae Signiphoridae Encyrtidae Pteromalidae Encyrtidae Pteromalidae Encyrtidae Encyrtidae Eulophidae Pteromalidae Encyrtidae Aphelinidae Encyrtidae

Encyrtidae Encyrtidae Encyrtidae Encyrtidae Encyrtidae Torymidae Encyrtidae Encyrtidae Encyrtidae Encyrtidae Encyrtidae Eupelmidae Mymaridae

Pteromalidae Pteromalidae Signiphoridae Azotidae Aphelinidae Azotidae Azotidae Continued

Appendix423

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Host species

Parasitoid species

Parasitoid family

Encarsia berlesei Encarsia citrina

Ablerus atomon, A. perspeciosus Myiocnema comperei Chartocerus rosanovi Chartocerus kurdjumovi Marietta leopardina Family Argidae Tetrastichus kokujewiae Family Azotidae Chartocerus subaeneus Family Braconidae Entedon sp. Psilocera obscura Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae Euneura lachni Cheiloneurus pistaciae Anastatus dlabolai, Arachnophaga matritensis, Eupelmus algiricus, E. annulatus, E. mehrnejadi, E. urozonus Scutellista obscura Asaphes vulgaris, Coruna clavata, Pachyneuron aphidis Pachyneuron aphidis, P. leucopiscida Syrphophagus aphidivorus Tetrastichus sp. Euneura lachni, Pachyneuron aphidis Family Cephidae Aprostocetus forsteri, Elachertus fenestratus, Necremnus tidius Panstenon oxylus Family Cynipidae Sycophila biguttata Bootanomyia dorsalis Eurytoma brunniventris, E. pistaciae, Sycophila biguttata, Cyrtoptyx robustus Eurytoma brunniventris, Sycophila biguttata Ormyrus nitidulus, O. pomaceus Eurytoma brunniventris, Sycophila biguttata Ormyrus nitidulus, O. pomaceus Cecidostiba fungosa, Cyrtoptyx robustus Aulogymnus skianeuros Eupelmus annulatus, E. bicolor Eurytoma brunniventris, Sycophila biguttata, S. variegata Bootanomyia dorsalis, B. dumicola Ormyrus nitidulus, O. pomaceus Cecidostiba fungosa Eurytoma brunniventris Eurytoma brunniventris Eurytoma brunniventris Ormyrus nitidulus, O. pomaceus Sycophila biguttata Ormyrus nitidulus Ormyrus pomaceus Torymus cultriventris Eupelmus azureus

Azotidae Eriaporidae Signiphoridae Signiphoridae Aphelinidae

Encarsia elongata Encarsia indigoferae Kokujewia ectrapela Ablerus atomon Apanteles glomeratus Apanteles myeloenta Aphidius ervi Chelonus kermakiae

Cotesia plutellae Diaeretiella rapae Lysiphlebus fabarum Pauesia antennata

Cephus pygmaeus Trachelus tabidus Andricus aestivalis Andricus aries

Andricus askewi Andricus caputmedusae

Andricus cecconii

Andricus chodjaii Andricus conglomeratus Andricus coriarius Andricus curtisii Andricus curvator Andricus fecundatrix

Eulophidae Signiphoridae Eulophidae Pteromalidae Pteromalidae Pteromalidae Encyrtidae Eupelmidae

Pteromalidae Pteromalidae Pteromalidae Encyrtidae Eulophidae Pteromalidae Eulophidae Pteromalidae Eurytomidae Megastigmidae Eurytomidae Pteromalidae Eurytomidae Ormyridae Eurytomidae Ormyridae Pteromalidae Eulophidae Eupelmidae Eurytomidae Megastigmidae Ormyridae Pteromalidae Eurytomidae Eurytomidae Eurytomidae Ormyridae Eurytomidae Ormyridae Ormyridae Torymidae Eupelmidae

424Appendix

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Host species

Parasitoid species

Parasitoid family

Andricus galeatus

Eurytoma pistaciae, Sycophila biguttata Ormyrus nitidulus Aulogymnus skianeuros, A. trilineatus Eupelmus azureus Eurytoma brunniventris, E. pistaciae, Sycophila biguttata, S. variegata Bootanomyia dorsalis Ormyrus nitidulus, O. pomaceus Caenacis lauta, Cecidostiba fungosa Torymus impar Bootanomyia stigmatizans Aulogymnus trilineatus, Baryscapus anasillus Eurytoma brunniventris, E. pistaciae, Sycophila biguttata, S. flavicollis, S. variegata Bootanomyia dorsalis Ormyrus nitidulus, O. pomaceus Cecidostiba fungosa Aulogymnus trilineatus, Baryscapus anasillus Eurytoma brunniventris, Sycophila biguttata Bootanomyia dorsalis Ormyrus nitidulus, O. pomaceus Cecidostiba fungosa, Cyrtoptyx robustus, Mesopolobus sericeus Eurytoma brunniventris, Sycophila biguttata Aulogymnus trilineatus Eurytoma brunniventris, E. pistaciae, Sycophila biguttata Ormyrus nitidulus, O. pomaceus Aulogymnus skianeuros, A. testaceoviridis Eurytoma brunniventris, Sycophila variegata Bootanomyia dorsalis Ormyrus nitidulus, O. pomaceus Cecidostiba fungosa Pseudotorymus sapphyrinus Eurytoma brunniventris, E. pistaciae, Sycophila biguttata Ormyrus nitidulus, O. pomaceus Eurytoma brunniventris, Sycophila biguttata Ormyrus nitidulus, O. pomaceus Sycophila biguttata Bootanomyia stigmatizans Ormyrus nitidulus Sycophila biguttata Eurytoma brunniventris, Sycophila biguttata Ormyrus nitidulus, O. pomaceus Eurytoma brunniventris, Sycophila biguttata Ormyrus nitidulus, O. pomaceus Aulogymnus trilineatus Eurytoma brunniventris, Sycophila biguttata, S. variegata Ormyrus nitidulus, O. pomaceus Cecidostiba fungosa Eurytoma brunniventris, Sycophila biguttata Bootanomyia dorsalis

Eurytomidae Ormyridae Eulophidae Eupelmidae Eurytomidae

Andricus grossulariae

Andricus insana Andricus lucidus

Andricus megalucidus

Andricus megatruncicolus Andricus moreae

Andricus multiplicatus

Andricus polycerus

Andricus pseudoaries Andricus quercustozae

Andricus schoenroggei Andricus sternlichti Andricus stonei Andricus tomentosus

Andricus truncicolus

Megastigmidae Ormyridae Pteromalidae Torymidae Megastigmidae Eulophidae Eurytomidae Megastigmidae Ormyridae Pteromalidae Eulophidae Eurytomidae Megastigmidae Ormyridae Pteromalidae Eurytomidae Eulophidae Eurytomidae Ormyridae Eulophidae Eurytomidae Megastigmidae Ormyridae Pteromalidae Torymidae Eurytomidae Ormyridae Eurytomidae Ormyridae Eurytomidae Megastigmidae Ormyridae Eurytomidae Eurytomidae Ormyridae Eurytomidae Ormyridae Eulophidae Eurytomidae Ormyridae Pteromalidae Eurytomidae Megastigmidae Continued

Appendix425

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Host species Aphelonyx persica

Aulacidea hieracii Aulacidea tragopogonis Aylax hypecoi Biorhiza pallida

Chilaspis israeli

Cynips Cynips Cynips Cynips

cornifex divisa korsakovi quercus

Cynips quercusfolii

Diplolepis fructuum

Diplolepis mayri

Diplolepis nervosa Diplolepis rosae

Dryocosmus israeli

Parasitoid species

Parasitoid family

Ormyrus nitidulus, O. pomaceus Eurytoma brunniventris, E. pistaciae, Sycophila variegata Bootanomyia dorsalis Ormyrus nitidulus, O. pomaceus Eurytoma cynipsea Eurytoma aspila, E. melikai Eurytoma abdita Glyphomerus aylax Sycophila biguttata Ormyrus pomaceus Torymus affinis Bootanomyia dorsalis Ormyrus bingoeliensis, O. pomaceus Arthrolytus ocellus, Cecidostiba fungosa Torymus geranii Ormyrus pomaceus Eurytoma brunniventris Eurytoma brunniventris, Sycophila flavicollis Eurytoma brunniventris, Sycophila biguttata Ormyrus pomaceus Torymus erucarum Eurytoma brunniventris, Sycophila biguttata, S. iracemae Bootanomyia dorsalis, Megastigmus strobilobius Ormyrus nitidulus Torymus affinis, T. auratus Aprostocetus arenarius, A. aurantiacus, A. diplosidis, A. epicharmus, A. eurytomae, A. fabicola, A. lachares, A. lycidas, Euderus albitarsis, Pediobius cassidae, Sigmophora brevicornis, Stepanovia eurytomae Eupelmus fulvipes, E. impennis, E. urozonus, E. vesicularis Eurytoma adleriae, E. caninae, E. collina, E. cynipicola, E. rosae, Eurytoma sp., Sycophila biguttata Megastigmus rosae Caenacis inflexa, Catolaccus crassiceps, Mesopolobus sericeus, Pteromalus bedeguaris Glyphomerus stigma, Torymus auratus, T. bedeguaris Eupelmus fulvipes, E. urozonus Eurytoma pistaciae, E. rosae Caenacis inflexa, Hobbya stenonota, Mesopolobus amaenus, M. sericeus, Pteromalus bedeguaris Pseudotorymus regalis, Torymus bedeguaris Caenacis inflexa Aprostocetus zosimus, Sigmophora brevicornis Eupelmus urozonus Eurytoma rosae Caenacis inflexa, Pteromalus bedeguaris Torymus lapsanae Aprostocetus cerricola, Pediobius saulius

Ormyridae Eurytomidae Megastigmidae Ormyridae Eurytomidae Eurytomidae Eurytomidae Torymidae Eurytomidae Ormyridae Torymidae Megastigmidae Ormyridae Pteromalidae Torymidae Ormyridae Eurytomidae Eurytomidae Eurytomidae Ormyridae Torymidae Eurytomidae Megastigmidae Ormyridae Torymidae Eulophidae

Eupelmidae Eurytomidae

Megastigmidae Pteromalidae Torymidae Eupelmidae Eurytomidae Pteromalidae Torymidae Pteromalidae Eulophidae Eupelmidae Eurytomidae Pteromalidae Torymidae Eulophidae

426Appendix

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Host species

Dryocosmus mikoi

Hedickiana levantina Isocolus tinctorius

Liposthenes glechomae Neuroterus anthracinus Neuroterus lanuginosus

Neuroterus Neuroterus Neuroterus Neuroterus Neuroterus

lenticularis macropterus numismalis quercusbaccarum saliens

Neuroterus tricolor Pseudoneuroterus macropterus

Rhodus oriundus Timaspis irani Timaspis lorestanicus Anagyrus pseudococci Anagyrus schoenherri Cerapterocerus mirabilis Encyrtus aurantii Encyrtus lecaniorum Homalotylus quaylei Homalotylus turkmenicus Leptomastix flava Metaphycus helvolus Psyllaephagus pistaciae

Euderomphale chelidonii

Parasitoid species

Parasitoid family

Eurytoma brunniventris, E. pistaciae, Sycophila biguttata, S. iracemae, S. variegata Bootanomyia dorsalis, B. synophri Torymus auratus, T. geranii Eurytoma brunniventris, Sycophila biguttata, S. variegata Ormyrus pomaceus Torymus geranii, T. phillyreae Eurytoma pseudocynipsea Cryptopristus salviae Eurytoma acroptilae, Sycophila submutica Ormyrus gratiosus Adontomerus crassipes Phaenocytus glechomae Eurytoma brunniventris Baryscapus anasillus Eurytoma brunniventris, Sycophila biguttata, S. pistacina, S. submutica, S. variegata Ormyrus pallens, O. pomaceus Torymus geranii Ormyrus pomaceus Pediobius saulius Baryscapus anasillus Ormyrus pomaceus Aprostocetus cerricola, Baryscapus anasillus, B. diaphantus Eupelmus urozonus Eurytoma brunniventris, Sycophila biguttata, S. variegata Bootanomyia dorsalis Ormyrus pomaceus Cecidostiba fungosa Torymus geranii Ormocerus vernalis Eupelmus cerris Eurytoma brunniventris, E. pistaciae, Sycophila biguttata, S. variegata Ormyrus pomaceus Eurytoma pseudocynipsea Idiomacromerus irani Idiomacromerus irani Family Encyrtidae Chartocerus rosanovi Chartocerus subaeneus Thysanus ater Chartocerus kurdjumovi Chartocerus kurdjumovi Prochiloneurus aegyptiacus Prochiloneurus aegyptiacus Signiphora merceti Signiphora merceti Syrphophagus aphidivorus Pachyneuron aphidis Family Eulophidae Moranila californica

Eurytomidae Megastigmidae Torymidae Eurytomidae Ormyridae Torymidae Eurytomidae Torymidae Eurytomidae Ormyridae Torymidae Pteromalidae Eurytomidae Eulophidae Eurytomidae Ormyridae Torymidae Ormyridae Eulophidae Eulophidae Ormyridae Eulophidae Eupelmidae Eurytomidae Megastigmidae Ormyridae Pteromalidae Torymidae Pteromalidae Eupelmidae Eurytomidae Ormyridae Eurytomidae Torymidae Torymidae Signiphoridae Signiphoridae Signiphoridae Signiphoridae Signiphoridae Encyrtidae Encyrtidae Signiphoridae Signiphoridae Encyrtidae Pteromalidae Pteromalidae Continued

Appendix427

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Host species

Parasitoid species

Parasitoid family

Sigmophora brevicornis

Pteromalus bedeguaris Family Eupelmidae Sigmophora brevicornis Family Eurytomidae Tetrastichus sp. Baryscapus bruchophagi Aprostocetus bucculentus Gugolzia bademia Calosota metallica Gugolzia harmolitae Gugolzia harmolitae Family Ichneumonidae Holcaeus calligetus Holcaeus calligetus Aprostocetus zosimus Leucospis dorsigera Family Megachilidae Pteromalus sp. Monodontomerus sp. Family Megastigmidae Eupelmus urozonus Eupelmus pistaciae Cyrtoptyx pistaciae Family Platygastridae Signiphora merceti Family Pteromalidae Sigmophora brevicornis Family Sphecidae Cratomus megacephalus Family Tenthredinidae Perilampus aeneus Family Vespidae Pteromalus bifoveolatus Order Lepidoptera Family Arctiidae Chouioia cunea, Rhicnopelte crassicornis Psychophagus omnivorus Family Bucculatricidae Ooencyrtus cinctus Cirrospilus pictus, Neochrysocharis formosus Family Cossidae Copidosoma truncatellum, Tyndarichus melanacis Perilampus tristis Family Crambidae Trichogramma brassicae, T. cordubense, T. embryophagum, T. evanescens, T. ingricum, T. principium, T. semblidis, T. tshumakovae Brachymeria tibialis Trichogramma brassicae, T. cordubense, T. evanescens, T. pintoi Family Erebidae Brachymeria tibialis Euplectrus sp. Conomorium patulum Monodontomerus aereus

Pteromalidae

Eupelmus urozonus Bruchophagus astragali Bruchophagus roddi Eurytoma amygdali Tetramesa brevicollis Tetramesa eximia Tetramesa hordei Bathyplectes anurus Bathyplectes curculionis Orthopelma mediator Xorides corcyrensis Megachile rotundata

Megastigmus amicorum Megastigmus pistaciae

Amitus spiniferus Pteromalus bedeguaris Sphex lividocinctus Athalia rosae Vespa orientalis

Hyphantria cunea

Bucculatrix ulmella

Zeuzera pyrina

Chilo suppressalis

Ostrinia nubilalis

Euproctis chrysorrhoea

Eulophidae Eulophidae Eulophidae Eulophidae Pteromalidae Eupelmidae Pteromalidae Pteromalidae Pteromalidae Pteromalidae Eulophidae Leucospidae Pteromalidae Torymidae Eupelmidae Eupelmidae Pteromalidae Signiphoridae Eulophidae Pteromalidae Perilampidae Pteromalidae

Eulophidae Pteromalidae Encyrtidae Eulophidae Encyrtidae Perilampidae Trichogrammatidae

Chalcididae Trichogrammatidae

Chalcididae Eulophidae Pteromalidae Torymidae

428Appendix

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Host species

Parasitoid species

Parasitoid family

Euproctis melania Leucoma wiltshirei

Brachymeria tibialis Brachymeria tibialis Mesopolobus amaenus Brachymeria minuta, B. tibialis Monodontomerus aereus Brachymeria tibialis Trichogramma embryophagum Brachymeria tibialis Brachymeria tibialis Ooencyrtus masii, O. ocneriae Pediobius pyrgo Family Gelechiidae Copidosoma isfahani Eupelmus gelechiphagus Anagyrus schoenherri, Copidosoma varicorne Trichogramma brassicae Proconura nigripes Copidosoma pistacinellae Elachertus inunctus, E. pulcher, Neochrysocharis formosus Trichogramma brassicae Pteromalus semotus Family Geometridae Brachymeria sp. Family Gracillariidae Apotetrastichus postmarginalis, Baryscapus conwentziae, B. endemus, B. oophagus, Cirrospilus ingenuus, C. lyncus, C. staryi, C. viticola, Citrostichus phyllocnistoides, Elachertus gallicus, Hyssopus geniculatus, Neochrysocharis formosus, Pediobius crassicornis, P. italicus, P. pyrgo, P. saulius, Pnigalio agraules, P. pectinicornis, P. soemius, Stenomesius rufescens, Tamarixia upis Sympiesis gordius, S. sericeicornis Achrysocharoides suprafolius, Baryscapus sp., Minotetrastichus frontalis, Neochrysocharis longiventris, Pnigalio agraules, P. pectinicornis, P. rotundiventris, Sympiesis acalle, S. gordius, S. gregori, S. sericeicornis, Zagrammosoma talitzkii Hemiptarsenus waterhousii, Sympiesis xanthostoma Ageniaspis testaceipes Sympiesis sericeicornis Ageniaspis testaceipes Chrysocharis polyzo, C. submutica, Cirrospilus pictus, C. vittatus, Hemiptarsenus waterhousii, Neochrysocharis formosus, Pnigalio longulus, Sympiesis grahami, Zagrammosoma talitzkii Halticoptera polita Achrysocharoides altilis, Sympiesis sericeicornis Family Heliozelidae Baryscapus nigroviolaceus Family Lasiocampidae Brachymeria tibialis Pteromalus bifoveolatus

Chalcididae Chalcididae Pteromalidae Chalcididae Torymidae Chalcididae Trichogrammatidae Chalcididae Chalcididae Encyrtidae Eulophidae

Lymantria dispar Ocnerogyia amanda Parocneria signatoria Parocneria terebynthina

Altenia mersinella Amblypalpis olivierella Anarsia lineatella Phthorimaea operculella Recurvaria pistaciicola Tuta absoluta

Vladimirea zygophyllivorella Ennomos quercinaria Phyllocnistis citrella

Phyllonorycter blancardella Phyllonorycter corylifoliella

Phyllonorycter medicaginella Phyllonorycter platani Phyllonorycter populifoliella

Phyllonorycter turanica Holocacista rivillei Malacosoma castrensis

Encyrtidae Eupelmidae Encyrtidae Trichogrammatidae Chalcididae Encyrtidae Eulophidae Trichogrammatidae Pteromalidae Chalcididae Eulophidae

Eulophidae Eulophidae

Eulophidae Encyrtidae Eulophidae Encyrtidae Eulophidae

Pteromalidae Eulophidae Eulophidae Chalcididae Pteromalidae Continued

Appendix429

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Host species

Parasitoid species

Parasitoid family

Lasiocampa grandis Streblote siva

Kriechbaumerella mansues Anastatus sp. Family Lymantriidae Dibrachys microgastri Anastatus japonicus Family Lyonetiidae Ageniaspis testaceipes Chrysocharis submutica, Hemiptarsenus waterhousii, Neochrysocharis formosus, Zagrammosoma talitzkii Ageniaspis testaceipes Achrysocharoides altilis, Baryscapus nigroviolaceus, Neochrysocharis formosus, Sympiesis gordius, S. sericeicornis, Zagrammosoma talitzkii Ageniaspis fuscicollis Baryscapus nigroviolaceus Family Nepticulidae Cirrospilus vittatus Family Noctuidae Copidosoma agrotis Trichogramma euproctidis, T. pintoi Trichogramma evanescens, T. pintoi Diaulinopsis arenaria Trichogramma brassicae, T. embryophagum, T. evanescens, T. pintoi, T. principium Euplectrus liparidis Euplectrus bicolor Trichogramma embryophagum, T. evanescens, Trichogramma sp. Conomorium sp. Trichogramma evanescens Euplectrus bicolor, E. flavipes Trichogramma embryophagum Family Notodontidae Pteromalus sp. Family Nymphalidae Pteromalus cardui, P. puparum Trichogramma pintoi Family Papilionidae Pteromalus puparum Trichogramma cacaeciae Pteromalus microps Family Pieridae Brachymeria femorata Aprostocetus taxi Pteromalus chrysos, P. elevatus, P. puparum Trichogramma brassicae, T. euproctidis, T. pintoi Brachymeria albicrus Family Plutellidae Brachymeria excarinata Oomyzus sokolowskii Mokrzeckia obscura, Pteromalus puparum, Pteromalus sp. Trichogramma brassicae, T. embryophagum, T. euproctidis

Chalcididae Eupelmidae

Leucoma wiltshirei Lymantria dispar Leucoptera malifoliella

Leucoptera scitella

Lyonetia clerkella

Stigmella malella Agrotis segetum Autographa gamma Helicoverpa armigera

Leucania loreyi Naranga aenescens Sesamia cretica Spodoptera exigua Trichoplusia ni Cerura bifida Vanessa cardui

Papilio demoleus Papilio machaon Pieris brassicae

Pieris rapae Plutella xylostella

Pteromalidae Eupelmidae Encyrtidae Eulophidae

Encyrtidae Eulophidae

Encyrtidae Eulophidae Eulophidae Encyrtidae Trichogrammatidae Trichogrammatidae Eulophidae Trichogrammatidae Eulophidae Eulophidae Trichogrammatidae Pteromalidae Trichogrammatidae Eulophidae Trichogrammatidae Pteromalidae Pteromalidae Trichogrammatidae Pteromalidae Trichogrammatidae Pteromalidae Chalcididae Eulophidae Pteromalidae Trichogrammatidae Chalcididae Chalcididae Eulophidae Pteromalidae Trichogrammatidae

430Appendix

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Host species

Parasitoid species

Amicta sericata Syringopais temperatella

Achroia grisella Ectomyelois ceratoniae

Etiella zinckenella

Euzophera bigella Galleria mellonella Hyles lineata Thaumetopoea solitaria iranica Kermania pistaciella

Archips americana Cydia pomonella

Lobesia botrana

Pandemis chondrillana Tortrix viridana

Yponomeuta malinellus

Yponomeuta padella

Family Psychidae Euchalcis unicolor Family Pterolonchidae Diglyphus chabrias, Necremnus tidius, Sympiesis euspilapterygis Dibrachys sp. Family Pyralidae Dibrachys microgastri Brachymeria ceratoniae, B. minuta, B. rugulosa, Proconura persica, Psilochalcis ceratoniae Trichogramma brassicae, T. cacaeciae, T. embryophagum, T. evanescens Aprostocetus arrabonicus, Elasmus biroi, E. platyedrae Eurytoma augasmae, E. ghazvini Cyrtoptyx lichtensteini Euchalcis miegii Dibrachys microgastri Dibrachys microgastri Family Sphingidae Anastatus tenuipes Family Thaumetopoeidae Conomorium patulum Family Tineidae Brachymeria sp., Hockeria sp. Cheiloneurus pistaciae Chrysocharis laomedon Anastatus dlabolai, Arachnophaga matritensis, Eupelmus algiricus, E. annulatus, E. mehrnejadi, E. urozonus Eurytoma sp. Chlorocytus diversus, Cyrtoptyx latipes, Dibrachys microgastri, Pteromalus semotus, Pteromalus sp. Family Tortricidae Trichogramma cacaeciae, T. embryophagum Dibrachys affinis, D. microgastri, Dibrachys sp. Trichogramma brassicae, T. cacaeciae, T. dendrolimi, T. embryophagum, T. euproctidis, T. evanescens, T. ingricum, T. pintoi, T. principium, T. semblidis, Trichogramma sp. Brachymeria minuta, Hockeria unicolor Coelopisthia pachycera, Homoporus sp., Pteromalus puparum Trichogramma brassicae, T. embryophagum, T. evanescens, T. ingricum Coelopisthia extenta Brachymeria minuta Dahlbominus fuscipennis Eupelmus sp. Mesopolobus sp. Family Yponomeutidae Ageniaspis fuscicollis Baryscapus evonymellae Dibrachys microgastri Baryscapus evonymellae

Parasitoid family Chalcididae Eulophidae Pteromalidae Pteromalidae Chalcididae Trichogrammatidae Eulophidae Eurytomidae Pteromalidae Chalcididae Pteromalidae Pteromalidae Eupelmidae Pteromalidae Chalcididae Encyrtidae Eulophidae Eupelmidae

Eurytomidae Pteromalidae

Trichogrammatidae Pteromalidae Trichogrammatidae

Chalcididae Pteromalidae Trichogrammatidae Pteromalidae Chalcididae Eulophidae Eupelmidae Pteromalidae Encyrtidae Eulophidae Pteromalidae Eulophidae Continued

Appendix431

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Host species Yponomeuta rorella

Mantis religiosa

Chrysopa phyllochroma Chrysoperla carnea

Suarius fedtschenkoi

Conocephalus fuscus

Parasitoid species

Parasitoid family

Dibrachys microgastri Ageniaspis fuscicollis Baryscapus evonymellae Order Mantodea Family Mantidae Podagrion splendens Order Neuroptera Family Chrysopidae Isodromus flaviscutum Cheiloneurus ceroplastis, Isodromus atriventris, I. collimaculatus, Ooencyrtus kuvanae Catolaccus crassiceps Cheiloneurus ceroplastis, Isodromus atriventris, I. collimaculatus, Ooencyrtus kuvanae Catolaccus crassiceps, Pachyneuron muscarum Order Orthoptera Family Tettigoniidae Centrodora amoena

Pteromalidae Encyrtidae Eulophidae

Torymidae

Encyrtidae Encyrtidae Pteromalidae Encyrtidae Pteromalidae

Aphelinidae

432Appendix

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions

Downloaded from https://cabidigitallibrary.org by Ivanov Ivan, on 11/04/24. Subject to the CABI Digital Library Terms & Conditions, available at https://cabidigitallibrary.org/terms-and-conditions