Celtic Scotland: A History of Ancient Alban, Volume 3 [Classic Reprint ed.] 1440055106, 9781440055102
Excerpt from Celtic Scotland, Vol. 3: A History of Ancient Alban A new edition of this the third and last volume of Cel
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S C OT LA ND
A IE NC
wi th
th e
NT D I V l S I O N S
Of
A
T HE L N D
.
C EL T I C S C O T L A N D A
WI LLI A M
H I S T O R Y OF
S KE NE H I S T O RI O GRA P H ER ROYAL FOR F
.
-
,
V OL U M E LA N D
A ND
S E C ON D
ED I N B U R G H
LL D .
,
:
III
S
CO
T L A ND
.
.
PEOP LE
.
E D I TI ON
D A V I D D OU G L A S 1890
.
:
PRE FA C E T O T HE S E C OND E D IT I ON
A
N EW e
of
d i t io n
t h is t he
C e l t ic S c o t la nd h av in g is
gl a d
to
m is t a k e s
h ave
of
t he
t his
p re ss
no w o
l as t v o lu m e
a nd
ort u n it
y
h av e
t he
e
of
fi
b e e n c all e d
pp wh ic h
v o l u m e d e al s wit h
t h is
t hird
.
of
oc
for t he a u t h or ,
c o rr e c t ing
c u rr e d in it
arl y l a nd
s o c i al c o nd it io n o f t h e C e l t ic in h a b it a nt s
.
t e nu r e s o
an
y As
an
d
f S c o t la n d
,
b e r o f o b s o l e t e t e r m s a n d o ld Ce l t ic w o r d s o c c u r it is p e c ul i arl y lia b l e t o m i s t a k e s o f t h i s k in d a nd t h e a ut h o r h as r e v i s e d t h e t e x t in t h i s v i e w w it h g r e a t car e bu t h e d o e s n o t nd t h a t he h a s a ny nu m
in w h i c h a
,
,
,
m a t e r i al al t e ra t io n t o m a k e i n t h e v ie ws he
p r e ss e d a re ,
,
c o n cl u s io n s he ha s c o m e
t he
or
in fa c t , t h e
int o t h i s v e r y ED I N B U R G
H
,
o
o
u t c om e
of
ars y
b s c u r e s ubj e c t
2 7 I NV ER L EI T H Ro w ,
7 t h J u ly 1 8 9 0
.
e
.
of
t o,
h as e x a s t h e se
c ar e fu l r e s e ar c h
P RE FA C E T O T HE FI RS T E D I T I ON
.
TH I S
v o um e
l
c om
t he t a s k w h i c
ple t e s
h t h e au t h o r
se t
b e fo r e h im s e l f o f il lu s t r a t ing t he h is t o r y o f S c o t l and d u ring t he Ce l t ic p e r io d whe n it b o r e t he n am e o f AIb a n a nd o f e n d e a vo u ring t o d i s p e l t h o s e fa b l e s w h i c h h a v e h it h e r t o ob s c u r e d it L ik e t he o t h e r v o l um e s t h is t h ir d v o l u me fo r ms in it s e l f a s ub st a n I t s t it l e is L a n d a n d Pe o p l e a nd it s t iv e w o r k s ubj e c t T he e a rly l an d t e n ur e s a n d s o c i al c o ndit io n v ol i p o f t h e C e l t ic i n h a b i t a n t s o f S c o t l a n d ( The r e a l h i s t o ry o f a c o u nt r y m a y b e s a id o n l y t r uly t o c o m m e n c e w h e n we c o m e t o d e al wi t h t h e s o c i al a n d p o l it ic al o rg a n i s a t i o n o f i t s p o p u la t io n The — t he h i i c o mp o s e i t n a w h c e t hn o l o g of t h e t ons y ,
,
.
,
’
‘
.
,
‘
,
’
.
.
.
.
“
of
h is t o r y
it s k in g s
,
w ars in w h ic h t h e y
o f t he fro nt ie r s
d u c t io n
o
p o r t a nt
f C h r i s t i a ni t y
fe a t u r e s
m e r e ly t he whole , on
ly
.
a nd
o
o ut w
r e ig ns
a re
an
a ll
d t he
c o unt
ry
of
v ar io u s
s io n
e
o r re
s t a b l is h m e nt
g r e a t l a n d m ar ks s t ill
us
in it s
t h e v a r io u s
‘
a nd
t he y
t h e k in g d om
of
T ill we k no w s o m e t h in g
wit h in t he
e xt e n
f it s hi s t o r y ; b u t it t o
t he
— i ki n g d o m t he int r o of t h e r
ar d b ul war k s
p r e s e nt
a nd
,
fi t h e en a ed g g
s t r i c t io n
C h r i s t ia n C h u r c h ,
"
t h e ir
e xt e
of
a
im a re
as a
r n al r e l a t i o ns
t he
r ac es
of
d i s t r i b u t io n w h i c h fo r m e d
P
t h e ir
.
r e l a t i v e g r o wt h
a nd
d e c ay t h e ir s o c i al o r g a ni s a t io n a n d t he e x t e nt t o w h ic h it s p e c u l i ar fe a t u r e s we r e p r e s e rv e d a nd in fl u e n c e d a n d c o l o u r e d t h e fut u r e c o n d it i o n o f t h e e nt i r e p o p u l a t i o n fo r m e d
it s
p o p u la t io n
REFA C E
,
,
,
,
b y t h e a m a lg a m a t i o n o f i t s ,
l it t l e
of
To
it s r e al
su
pp l y
h is t o r y
e e m e nt
ar io u s
l
s w e k no w ,
.
l e as t
at
,
v
to
so
me
t h is i nfo r m a
e x t e nt ,
p u r p o s e o f t h e p r e s e nt v o l u me w h i c h t he a u t h o r fe ars h as b e e n ve r y in a d e qu a t e l y c arr ie d int o e ffe c t a nd i t s p u b l ic a t io n h a s b e e n fr o m u na vo id a b l e c a u s e s d e l a y e d m u c h b e y o n d t h e p e r i o d w h e n it ou ht w t o h a ve a pp e ar e d I t a s c o mm e n c e d t w o g w h e ars a o e n it s p r o g re s s wa s in t e rr u p t e d p ar t l y y g o wi ng t o his i ll n e s s u n d e r t he d e p r e s s ing infl u e n c e o f w h ic h p ar t o f t h e v o l um e h as ind e e d b e e n w r it t e n b ut m a inl y b e c a u s e t he p u b l ic a t io n o f t h e fo u r t h t io n is t h e m a in
,
,
.
,
,
,
v o lu m e
of
t a in t ra c t s
t h e A n c ie nt I r i s h L a w s , w h i c h
r e l a t ing
t o t he
e
arly l a nd
w as
to
c on
t e n u r e in I r e l a nd ,
h a d l ik e w is e b e e n u n a vo id a b l y d e l a y e d a n d t h e a u t h o r fe l t t h a t wit h o u t c o n s u l t ing t h e s e t r a c t s he c o u l d ,
,
not
,
s at is fa c t o r il y t r e a t
w h i c h t he
d e ri v e d
of
t he
o ld
a nc i e nt C e l t ic l a nd
t h e ir
o
r igin
,
an
sy s t e m fr o m
t r ib al
t e nu r e s i n
d wit h o ut
S c o t l a nd
a k n o wl e d g e
w h i c h t h e i r t r ue c h ar a c t e r c o u l d
of
h ar d l y b e as c e r t a in e d The a u t h o r w a s h o we v e r a t l e ng t h e n a b l e d t o c o m of l t e t h i s p ar t o f h is v o l um e t h r o u gh t h e c o u r t e s e p y t he e d it o r wh o w it h t h e k in d p e r m i ss io n o f t he L o r d Bi sh o p o f L im e r i c k c h a i r m a n o f t h e Br e h o n L aw C o m mi ss io n c o mm u n ic a t e d t o him t he p r o o f s h e e t s o f t h e t e x t a nd t ra n sl a t i o n o f t h e s e t r a c t s b u t it w a s n o t t ill ,
,
.
,
,
,
-
,
,
fi fi
v ii i
REFACE
P
.
a ft e r t h i s v o l u me h a d in t he m a in b e e n p r int e d
,
a nd
p r e ss t h a t t he fo ur t h v o lu m e o f t h e A n c ie n t L a w s o f I r e l a n d w as a t le ng t h p u b l is h e d a nd t he a u t h o r h a d a ny o pp o r t u nit y o f r e a d ing t he int r o d u c t io n ; a n d t h u s in c o mp il ing t h a t p ar t o f his v o l u m e he h a d u nfo r t un a t e l y n o t t h e b e ne t o f t h e l e ar n e d e d it o r s c o m m e nt ar y u p o n t h e s e t r a c t s Th e a u t h o r h a s t o r e c o r d h is t h a nk s t o his frie n d s Mr A l e x a nd e r C ar m i c h a e l fo r t h e in s t r u c t i v e a c c o u nt o f t h r e e o f t he L o n g I sla n d t o wn s h ip s e m b o d ie d in o f t he Es q t h e l as t c h a p t e r ; W M He nn e ss y Pu b l ic Re c o r d Of c e D u b l in fo r t h e c u r io u s p o e m r e l a t ing t o t h e King d o m o f t he I sl e s wit h i t s t ra nsla t io n a n d C a p t a in T h o m a s fo r t h e o ld d e s cr ip t io n o f t he I sl e s b o t h p r in t e d in t h e A pp e n d ix N o s I I a n d 1 1 1 wa s al m o s t t h r o ugh t h e
,
,
’
.
.
.
.
.
,
,
,
,
-
,
He ha s als o a s fo r m e rl y ,
Br o wn fo r h is r e a d y a nd
h e t a k e s t h is
wo r k
e xc e
of
in
he
.
-
pp o r t unit y w h e n of
c o
t h r o u gh o ut
.
,
v o um e c o n t
l
m p l e t ing h is
t h e v al u a b l e
r e c e iv e d
ha s
.
.
Mr J o h n T ay l o r r e v i s ing his p r o o f s h e e t s
t o t h a nk
ll e nt p u b l is h e r Mr D a v i d D o u g las
Th e of
o
a id
,
r e c o r ding his s e n s e
a d v ic e
a nd
.
,
,
a ining t he Hi s t o r y
“
a s s is t a n c e fr o m
his
.
an
d Et h n o l o gy
b r o u gh t d o wn t o t h e e nd o f t he A l e x a n d e r t he T h i r d t h e l a s t o f t h e o l d wh ic h t e r min a t e d w it h o f Ce l t ic m o n ar c h s
t h e king d o m wa s
r e ig n
of
d y n as t y his d e a t h r e ign
,
,
in t h e y e ar 1 2 8 4 a n d it is w i t h t h e s a m e t h a t o ur n arr a t i ve in t r e a t in g o f t h e L a n d a n d
Pe o p l e
,
mu st
n o w c o mm e n c e
ED I NB U R G H , 2 7 I N V ER L EI T H R o w,
o
l s t Oc t be r 1 8 80
.
.
T A BL E O F C O N T EN T S
B O OK I I I
.
.
L A N D A ND P E OP L E
.
C H A P T ER I
SC OTL AND
I N T HE
.
RE IG N O F A L E X AN DER
T HE
T H I RD
.
P
C o ns o l id a t i on
o v inc e s o f S c ot l a nd into o ne fe ud a l mo n a rc h y c o m p l e t e d in th is re i g n S o uthe rn fro nt ie r o f S c ot l a nd Eng l is h p o ss e ssi o ns o f t he S c ottis h k ing s N o rth e rn b o und a ry o f S c otl a nd P h ys i c a l a sp e c t o f S c ot l a nd i n t h e re ig n o fA l e xa nd e r t he Th ird P o p u l a t i o n o f S c ot l a nd i n t h e re ig n o f A l e xa nd e r t he Th ird c o m o se d o f s ix ra c e s p I nd i g e n o us ra c e s o f t he Brito ns a nd P ic t s C o l o nis ing ra c e s o f S c ots a nd A ngl e s I ntrud ing ra c e s o f D a ne s N o rwe g ia ns a nd N o rm a ns I nfl u e nc e o f fo re ig n ra c e s o n na t i v e p o p ul a t i o n F o re ig n e l e me nt s i nt ro d uc e d into p o p u l a t i o n o f Pi c t is h a nd C a m b ria n t e rrito rie s S pre a d o f T e uto ni c p e o p l e o v e r th e m N o r we g ia n k i ng d o m o f t he I s l e s of
t he p r
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
T he G a llg a id he a l, The Es t a t e s
D is t inc ti o n
of ”
of
l
t he Re a m in 1 2 8 3 ,
p op ul a t io n
H igh l a nd e rs ,
into T e uto nic L o w
l a nd e rs
and
l
G a e ic
A E G
T A BL E O F C O N T EN T S C H A P T ER I I
fi T HE
Old d iv is io n S e ve n
SEVEN
r noe
ors o r
.
.
SC OTL AND
.
S c ot ia into p ro v i nc e s, p ro v inc e s in t h e e ighth c e nt u ry , of
S e v e n p ro v i nc e s in t he t e nth c e ntury, D is tric t s ru l e d by k ing s a nd a ft e rwa rd s P e tt
y k ing s o f A rgyll a nd
J a rl T ho r
nn,
M o rma e rs
t e rme d by
by G a ll o wa y
M o rma e rs,
,
N o r we g ia ns , J a rls ,
M o rma e rs o f Buc h an, fro m t h e B ook
of
D e e r,
T o ise c h s o f Buc h a n S e v e n Ea l s fi s t a p p e a in re ig n o f A l e x and e r t h e P o l i c y o f D a v id I to fe ud a l is e C e l ti c e a rld o m C re a t io n o f a d d i ti o na l e arl d oms Ea l d o m o f M a Ea l d o ms o f G a rvy a c h and L e ve na c h ,
r
r
r
First ,
s,
.
,
r
r,
r
Erld o m s o f Ro s s Ea rl d o m P ro i n c e
of
A rg
re i n o f g
yll
of
t he
l and
Al e xa nd e r t h e S e c o n
d
,
re i
,
The C r o wn d e me sne ,
D ist ric t
of
Ar g l di id e d in to sh e ri d om s ,
yl
v
’
fi
C H A P T ER
III
.
L E G ENDARY O R I G I NS
Th e p ro
bl e m to b e s o lv e d
,
t ra d iti o ns Eth ni c l e g e n d s Lin g uis ti c l e g e n d s His to ric a l l e g e nd s A rti c ia l c h a ra c t e r o f e arly C y mri c l e g e nd s Early
,
,
,
,
,
,
g n o f A l e xand e r t he T h ird i n t he re ig n o f A l e x a nd e r t h e T h ird
S e v e n Earl s i n t h e S ta te
Ca rric k ,
a nd
C a ith ne ss,
of
S e v e n Ea rl s i n t h e
v
fi ,
I ri s h his to r
y
,
.
,
T A BL E O F C O N T EN T S
.
g e nd a ry o rigin o f tra nsmarine trib e s T h e N e m e d l a ns 1 n S c ot l a n d T he Firb o l g a nd T ua th D e D a na n i n S c otla nd Pic t is h l e g e n d s Th e M il e s ia ns i n S c ot l a nd T he ra c e o f I t h in S c ot l a nd T he ra c e of C o ll a l n S c otl a n d The l a s t th re e p a g a n k ing s o f I re l a nd l n S c ot l a nd Ho w fa r h a v e th e s e l e g e nd s a h is to ric b a sis Early c o nne c ti on b e t we e n S c ot l a nd a nd I re l a nd The t wo fo l d d iv isi o n o f t he Pi c t s a nd t he e st a bl ish me n t S c o ne a s t h e c a p it a l o f t h e king d o m Le
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
fi
C H A P T ER I V
T HE
T UA T H
TRI B E
OR
.
I RE L AN D
IN
.
M ixe d p o p ul a t io n o f S c ot l a nd , S o urc e s T ri
as
b a l o rga nisa ti o n o f t he
fl
In
i nfo rma t io n
of
u e nc e s a
Effe c t
ec
t i ng t h e
to th e i r e a rly s o c ia l sta t e G a e l ic
t ri b e
i nt ro
ra c e ,
in I re la nd ,
d uc t io n o f C h is tia nit y L a nd o ig i na lly h e ld in c o mm o n D istinc t io n o f a nk s i n t he t ri b e of
,
r
r
,
,
r
Th e Ri
or
,
k i ng,
D is tinc t i o n
g from p o sse s sio n o f c a tt l e Orig in a nd g ro wth o f p ri v a t e p ro p e rt y a nd c re a t i o n ord e r o f t e rrito ria l c h ie fs T h e C e i l e or t e na nt s o f a c h ie f S ta t e o f t he Tua th o r t e rri to ry o f a t rib e Th e D u n or fo rt o f ra nk s a ri s i n
,
,
,
,
,
,
Th e M o rt u a t h, The C uic id h
or
p r o i nc e ,
v ty
T a ni C o nne c ti o n b e t we e n s up e i o rs a nd T h e s y s t e m o f fi ne s T he l a w
of
s r
,
r
,
The H o n o r p ri c e , S s t e m o f a nd m e a sure s,
y
La t e r
l
t t
s a e of
t he
trib e s
,
d e pe n
d a nt s
,
T A BL E O F C O N T EN T S
.
C H A P T ER V '
F I N E OR SE PT
T HE
Orig in
of
The C in é
,
A N D T HE
or
IN
k ins fo l k ,
t e na nts Th e F uid h ir o r s t ra ng e r s e p t s T e rrito ria l ba s is o f Fi ne Th e fo ur fa mil ie s o f t he C in é o r k insfo l k M e mb e rs o f t he fo ur fa mil ie s The G e il né c h ie f Re l a t io n o f G e il n é c h i e f to t h e Ri T u a th L a w o f S uc c e s s io n S l uag e d o r ho s t ing F o st e a g e L a t e r s t a t e o f t h e Fi nés
le
T he C e i
TR I B E
S e pt ,
’
or
I RE L AN D
fi fi
t he Fi ne
IN
or
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
r
,
,
T he
T ib e r
in
Wa l e s
l a ught e r The s e p t in W l e s F o st e a g e i n Wa l e s
Fi ne s for S
,
,
a
,
r
,
fi
C H A P T ER V L
T HE
TRIB E
'
IN
SC OTL AND
.
otic e s o f t rib a l o rg anisa tio n Th e t ri b e a m o ng t h e Pi c ts T h e t ri b e in D alria d a Th e t ri b e in G a ll o wa y M o d i c a ti o n o f o rig ina l t ri b e s und e r fo re ig n i nfl ue nc e s P a ssi ng o f t he M o rt u a t h in to t h e Ea rl d o m a nd t he T ri b e t h e T h a na g e D is t in c t i o n o f p e o p l e i nto fre e a nd s e rv i l e c l a ss e s
Early
n
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
C l a ss e s Ra nk s
of
fre e me n,
b o nd me n s o f l nd o n t he l a nd
of
M e as ure Bu rd e ns
,
a
T h e C a in
,
or
,
Ca n,
C o nv e th , Exp e d i t io n
a nd
ho s t ing
,
WA L ES
T A BL E A s simi
T e nure Rank s
la tio n to fe ud a l forms fa rm, i n fe u—
of s
oc ie ty
C ro wn
on
OF
C O N T EN T S
,
l a nd s
,
C H A P T ER V I I T HE
T H ANA G ES
Re v ie w o f t he Th a na g e s T h a na g e s in M o ra
T h a na g e s in M a r
y a nd
T h a n a ge s in A ng u s T h a na ge s i n Fife
T H E I R E XT I NC T I O N Ba ro nie s ,
,
Bu c ha n,
M e a rns ,
a nd
a nd
A ND
.
t he ir c onv e rsio n into Ro ss
a nd
a nd
.
Fo t hriff,
T h a na g e s in S t ra t h e rne , T h a na g e s i n A tho
T h ana ge s in G Th anage s
To s ha c h d o r
Re s ul t
o f s ur
,
o wry ,
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s o ut h e rn d is t ri c t s w h ic h wa s cl o s e r t h a n t h a t w h ic h n o w c onne c t e d h im w i t h t h e C e l t ic p o pulat ion o f t h e o t h e r p or t io ns o f t h e k ing d o m ; a n d L o t h i a n assum e d t h at pr o m ine nt p o s it io n as t h e m o s t valuabl e a n d c h e ris h e d c e nt re o f t he i nt e r e s t s o f t h e m o na rc h y w h i c h h ad h it h e rt o b e l o ng e d t o t h e r e gio n b e t w e e n t h e F o r t h a n d t h e S p e y B ut w h il e D av i d t h e Firs t may b e h e ld t o h av e e s t ab lis h e d Engl i h p o ion t h e S o lw a y t h e r a ng e o f t h e C h e vi o t s a nd t h e Tw e e d as t h e f t h e pr o p e r s o u t h e rn b o u ndary o f t h e ki ngd o m o f S c ot l a n d his m a rri age g av e him claims t o t e rr it o ri e s b e y o n d i t w h i c h h e D ur ing w as d i sp o s e d t o a ss e r t w h e n o pp o r t u nit y o ffe r e d t h e l i fe o f M at i lda his qu e e n h e h ad e nj o y e d i n h e r r ig h t t h e e arld o ms o f N o r t h a m p t o n a nd Hu nt i ng d o n ; b u t o n h e r d e a t h s e v e n y e ars aft e r h e h ad succ e e d e d t o t h e t h r o ne o f S c o t lan d t h e e arld o m o f N o r t h a mp t o n pass e d t o h e r so n by h e r firs t marri age S i m o n d e S e nl is w h il e H e n ry h e r s o n by K i ng D av i d succ e e d e d t o t h e e arld o m o f Hu nt ing d o n Th e d e at h o f H e nry k ing o f Eng la n d in 1 1 3 5 a nd t he d ispu t e d succ e ss io n b e t we e n his daug h t e r t h e e mpre ss o f G e rm a ny a n d his s is t e r s so n S t e p h e n E arl o f M o rt a ign e pr e s e nt e d t h e o pp o r t u nit y K ing D av i d l o ng e d fo r He e mbrac e d t h e caus e o f t h e e mpr e ss wh o was hi s ni e c e a nd i n h e r n am e t o o k p o ss e ss io n o f N ort h umb e rl a nd w it h t h e e xc e p t i o n o f t he cas t l e o f Ba mb orough w h ic h h e s o o n aft e r sur r e n d e r e d t o S t e p h e n wh o c o nfirm e d t h e H o no r o f Hu nt ingd on t o Pr inc e H e nry w i t h D o n cas t e r a nd t h e cas t l e o f C arli sl e i n add it i on t o it I n t he foll o wing y e ar K ing D av i d aga in claim e d t h e n o r t h e r n pr o v i nc e s i n nam e o f h is s o n Prin c e H e n ry a nd b o t h N ort hu mb e rl an d a nd C umb e rlan d w e r e y i e ld e d t o h im b ut o n p e ac e b e ing mad e b e t w e e n hi m a nd S t e p h e n h e sur re n d e r e d N ort hu mb e rla nd r e t aining h o w e v e r C umb e rlan d i n Eng lan d A n a t t e mp t t wo y e ars aft e rwards t o r e g ai n N ort humb e rla nd l e d t o t h e ba t t l e o f t h e S t andard i n w h ic h D av id was d e f e a t e d ; b u t a p e ac e was c onclud e d i n 1 1 39 ,
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S C OTL AND UNDER A L EX AN D ER III
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N o rt h umb e rla nd was m a d e o v e r t o Pr inc e H e n ry e xc e p t t h e fo r t r e ss e s o f N e wc a s t l e a nd Ba mb oro ugh w h i c h h e r e t a ine d t o h is d e a t h in 1 1 5 2 wh e n K ing D a v id h ad M a l c o lm t he e ld e s t s o n o f Prin c e H e nry pr o cla im e d h e ir t o t h e ’ cr o w n a n d pr e s e nt e d h is s e c o n d s o n Vt illia m t o t h e N or t h umbria n bar o ns as t h e ir rul e r M alc o l m h a d no t b e e n fo ur y e ars o n t he t h r o ne w h e n h e surr e nd e r e d N o r t h u mb e rlan d a nd C umb e rla n d t o t h e k i ng o f Engl a n d w h i c h w e r e a nn e x e d t o t h e Engl is h cr o w n w h il e t h e k ing r e s t o r e d t o h im t h e H ono r o f H u nt ingd on A n at t e m p t o n t h e par t o f his b ro t h e r a n d succ e ss o r Will ia m t h e L io n t o r e g ai n t h e s e p ro v inc e s l e d t o t h e wa r i n w h i c h h e was d e fe at e d a nd t ak e n wh e n
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pris o ne r i n 1 1 7 3 a nd Hu nt ing d on was t ak e n fro m him a nd g iv e n t o S im o n d e S e n l is ; b u t o n t h e d e a t h o f t h e lat t e r in 1 1 8 4 i t was r e s t o r e d t o K ing \V illia m wh o b e s t o w e d it up o n his y o u ng e s t br o t h e r D av id af t e rwards k no w n a s D av i d Earl o f Hu nt ing d o n in w h o s e f a m i ly i t r e m a i n e d Th e clai m s o f t he S c o t t is h k ing s up on t h e n o r t h e rn p ro v in c e s o f Englan d w e r e r e ne w e d by A l e x a n d e r t h e S e c o nd b ut t h r o u g h t h e m e d ia t i o n o f C a rd in a l Ot h o t h e P o p e s l e ga t e all qu e s t ion s i n d ispu t e b e t w e e n E nglan d a nd S c o t lan d w e r e fi nally s e t t l e d by a n agr e e m e nt c o nclud e d a t Y o rk I n l ie u o f t h e cl a i ms mad e by A l e x a n d e r in S e p t e m b e r 1 2 3 7 up on t h e e arld o ms o f N o r t h umb e rl a n d C umb e rland a nd W e s t m or e la nd a s h is h e r e d it a ry r igh t a nd for t h e d o wry h e o u g h t t o h av e r e c e i v e d w i t h J o h a nna t he s is t e r o f t h e k in g o f Engl a n d w h o m h e h ad marr i e d K i ng H e nry u nd e r t o o k t o c o nv e y t o t h e K ing o f S c o t lan d i n pr o p e rt y la nds i n t h e e arld o ms o f N o r t h umb e rl a n d a n d C umb e rla n d t o t h e y e a rly 3 t u n valu e o f wo h dr e d p o u n ds T h e la nds so s e t t l e d up o n h im w e r e Ty ne d a l e als o call e d t h e baro ny o f W e rk i n ,
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cro w n c ont i nu e d t o ma int a i n i t s c o nt r o l o v e r t h e s e pr o vi nc e s n o t wi t h s t a nd ing o ccas io nal at t e mp t s o n t h e par t o f t h e C e l t i c i nh ab it a nt s t o r e a i n t h e ir i n d e p e n d e n c e by g supp o r t ing t h e pr e t e ns io ns o f t h e fa m il ie s o f Ma cwill ia m a n d M a c He t h The pr o v inc e o f C a it lm e ss t o o w h i c h a t t h is t im e i nclud e d S u t h e rla nd a nd h ad fo r g e n e r a t io ns b e l o ng e d t o t h e N o rw e gia n e a rls o f Ork ne y wh o h e l d i t n o m i nally u nd e r t h e k ing o f S c o t l a n d w it h t h e t it l e o f Ea rl was a t l e ng t h br ou gh t by t h e s a m e m o narc h m o r e d ir e c t ly u nd e r t h e p o w e r o f t h e cr o w n a n d pl a c e d i n t h e sam e p o s it io n a s t h e o t h e r S c o t t i s h pr o v i n c e s By h is s o n A l e xan d e r t h e S e c o nd t h e s t ill m o r e e x t e ns iv e pr o v inc e o f A rga t h e l i a o r A rgyll fo rm ing t h e w e s t e rn s e ab o ard o f S c o t la nd a nd e x t e n d ing fr o m L o c h L o ng o p e ni ng o ff t h e F irt h o f C lyd e t o t h e b o rd e rs o f C a it h ne ss wa s br o u gh t u nd e r s ubj e ct i o n s o t h a t in t h e r e ig n o f t h is k ing t h e p o w e r o f t h e cr o w n was fir mly e s t a bl i s h e d o v e r t h e w h o l e ma in la n d o f S c o t la n d n o r t h o f t h e Fi r t h s o f F o r t h a n d C lyd e Th e i sl a n ds h o w e v e r w h i c h surr o u n d e d i t s t ill b e l o ng e d t o t h e k ing d om o f No rway T h e Ork ne y a nd S h e t la n d I slands h a d b e e n c o l o ni s e d by t h e N o rw e gian s as e arly as t h e nint h c e nt ury T h e y h ad b e e n rul e d b v a l in e o f N o rw e g ia n J arls wh o o w e d subm iss io n t o t h e k i ng o f N o r way al o ne a n d t h o u g h t h e succ e ss i o n t o t h e s e J arls o p e ne d in t h e r e ign o f W ill iam t h e Lio n t o t wo fam ilie s o f S c o t t i s h d e sc e nt t h e y w e r e s t ill c o ns i d e r e d as J a rl s u nd e r t h e N o rw e g i a n cr o w n a nd t h e i sla n ds d id n o t b e c o m e c o n n e c t e d w it h t h e S c o t t i s h k i ng d o m t i ll l o ng aft e r t h e p e r i o d we a re d e al ing w it h T h e We s t e r n I sl e s h o w e v e r s t o o d i n a d i ffe r e nt p o s it ion A l t h o u gh t h e N o rw e gian V ik ing s h a d t o a g r e a t e x t e nt t ak e n p o ss e ss ion o f t h e m a t t h e sam e t im e t h at t h e y c o l o ni s e d Ork ne y a nd t h e y h ad b e e n t h e subj e c t o f fre qu e nt c o nt e s t b e t w e e n t h e N o rw e g ian J a rl a nd t h e D ani s h k i ngs o f D ubl in wh o h ad acqu ir e d p o ss e ss io n o f t h e island o f M a n t h e y w e r e s t i ll c l a im e d by t h e S c ot t i s h k ing s as b e l o ng d t he
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k ingd om t ill t h e r e ig n o f E d g a r w he n t h e y w e r e fo rmally c e d e d t o t h e king o f N o rw a y T h e y w e r e a t t h i s t im e al o ng w i t h t h e I sl e o f M a n u nd e r t h e rul e o f p e t t y k ing s o f N o rw e ia n d e sc e n t a nd t h i s l in e o f N o rw e gia n k in g s o f t h e g I sl e s r e t a ine d t h e w h o l e t ill t h e y e a r 1 1 5 4,w h e n t h e k i ng d o m o f t h e I sl e s was d iv id e d a n d t h e i sla n ds s o u t h o f t h e P o int o f A rd na mu rc h a n pass e d u nd e r t h e rul e o f t h e C e l t i c rul e r o f A rgyll w h o s e cla i m w a s d e r iv e d t h r o u g h a d e sc e nt i n t h e fe mal e l ine fro m o ne o f t he N o rw e gia n k ing s o f t h e I sl e s b u t wh o s t ill h e ld t h e m no m in ally u nd e r t h e k ing o f N o rw a y Th e t ie t o N o rway h o w e v e r was b e c o m ing w e ak e r a nd t h e c o nne c t i on w it h S c o t lan d s t r ong e r w h e n t h e u nsucc e ssful a t t e mp t o f H a k o n k i n N o f o rw a y t o firmly re e s t abl i s h his g p o w e r o v e r t h e w h o l e of t h e i sl a nds i n t h e re ig n o f A l e xan d e r t h e T h ir d a n d his d e fe a t a nd d e at h l e d t o t h e c e ss io n o f M a n a nd t h e I sl e s i n t h e y e ar 1 2 6 6 t o t h e S c o t t i s h m o narc h A nd in 1 2 8 4 we nd t h e m s e t t l e d up o n t h e M a i d o f N o rway as a d e p e nd e n cy o f t h e S c o t t is h k i ng d o m Th e W e s t e rn I sla nds b e c a m e fro m t h is t im e firmly u ni t e d t o t h e r e s t o f S c o t l a nd w h il e t h e islan d o f M a n aft e r b e ing i n t h e fo ll o w i ng c e nt ury a l t e r na t e ly i n t h e p o ss e ss i o n o f t h e S c o t s a nd t h e Engl is h fi n ally p a ss e d o v e r t o t h e Engl is h cr o w n S uc h t h e n was in e x t e nt t h e S c o t l a n d o f A l e xa n d e r t h e Phy i l p t f T h ird a nd o f i t s p hys i cal asp e ct a t t hi s t im e we c a n als o S otl nd in ign f th form a v e ry fa ir c o nc e p t i on A s e a rly a s t h e t h ird c e nt ury A l x nd t h T hi d we a re t o ld t h a t t h e Ba rbar ian t rib e s b e y o n d t h e b o u nds o f t h e Ro m a n pr o v i nc e i n Br it ai n i nh ab it m o u nt ai ns wi ld a n d wa t e rl e ss a nd plai n s d e s e r t a nd m ars h y h av in n i t e h r e g walls nor c it ie s nor t i llag e b u t l iv ing by pas t urag e t h e c h as e a n d c e r t a i n b e rr ie s a n d t h at ma ny p a r t s b e ing c o ns t a nt ly 5 Ha d fl oo d e d by t h e t id e s o f t h e o c e an b e c o m e mars hy t h e wr it e r o f t h i s d e scri p t io n e v e r s e e n t h e S c o t c h m o u nt ains pro bably wat e rl e ss i s t h e v e ry l a s t e p it h e t h e w ould h av e ing t o t h e ir
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ri s e t h e t ow e rs o f t h e r o y a l cas t l e s o r t h o s e o f t h e No rma n b a r o ns We s h o uld se e sm a ll p a t ch e s o f cul t iv a t e d la nd i n I n s h e l t e re d t e rs p e rse d w i t h l o ng s t r e t c h e s o f b a rr e n h e a t h v a ll e ys we s h o uld nd t h e s e at s o f t h e e a rly b is h o pri cs o f t h e C e l t i c C h urc h a n d t h e m o re i mp o s i ng m o na s t e rie s o f t h e re g ul a r cl e rgy a n d m o na s t i c o rd ers subs e qu e nt ly i nt r o duc e d surr o u nd e d by a g re at e r e x t e n t o f cul t iv a t e d l a n d a nd w i t h t h e h u t s o f t h e o c c up I e rs o f t h e s o i l clus t e ri ng r o u n d On t h e ba nks o f t h e na v iga bl e r iv e rs o r a t t h e ir m o u t h we s h ould n d s e t t l e m e n t s o f t h e t r a d i ng a n d i ndus t r ial p o pul a t i on p ro nd t h e n o r t h e r n a n d t e c t e d by rud e w a lls ; a n d we s h o uld w e s t e r n d is t ri c t s e x h ib it ing v e ry muc h t h e sam e c ha ra c t e ris t i cs as t h e y d i d dur ing t h e succ e e d ing c e n t ur ie s — t h e t wo r a l m t a d in o u n t a i n c h a i n s o f t h e M o u n t h a n d D r um a l b a n e e g g fo r m ing a succ e ss i o n o f h u nt ing gr o u nds o r f o r e s t s l e f t t o t h e t h e m i no r c h ains l e a d i ng fr o m t h e m re d d e e r a n d o t h e r g a m e t o t h e s o u t h e as t a nd n o r t h e a s t t e rm i n a t ing abrup t ly o n t h e l o wl a n d plains a nd fo r m ing a g r e at m o u nt a i n b a rri e r e xt e n d i ng o n t h e s o u t h i n a n o bl iqu e l i ne fr o m B e n L o m o nd t o t h e r a t rang e o f t h e M o un t h ne a r S t o ne h av e n a nd o n t h e n o r t h e g fro m t h e sam e r a nge a t Ba lla t e r t o t h e ri v e r N a irn t h r o u gh w h ic h t h e g r e a t r i v e rs ris i ng a m o ng t h e w e s t e rn h ills p o ur t h e i r wa t e rs t h r o u g h narr o w g o rg e s w h ic h f o rm t h e pass e s i nt o t h e m o u nt a in re gio n Wit h in t h i s l ine t h e c o u nt ry w o uld b e m a inly us e d for p a s t ur ag e a nd i t s na t ural d e f e nc e s wo uld r e n d e r b u t fe w a r t i fici a l fo r t ific a t io n s n e c e ssary D uri ng t h e p e r io d w h e n t h e b o u n d ari e s o f S c o t la n d h a d Pop ul tion f S otl nd b e e n t hus e x t e n d e d by t h e k ing s o f t his dy na s t y i t s p op ula in t h ign f Al x t io n was c om p o s e d o f s e v e ral d i s t in c t r a c e s par t ly o f T e u t o ni c nd t h T hi d m a nd p a r t ly o f C e l t i c o ri in f o rm in g g a p e o pl e o f v e ry m ix e d p o d f ix d e sc e nt in w h i c h t h e T e u t o ni c e l e m e nt was g ra du a lly p re d om ina t ing m o r e a n d m o re o v e r t h e C e l t ic a nd e it h e r abs orb i ng t h e l a t t e r o r c o nfi ni ng i t t o t h e m o r e barre n a n d m o un t ain r e gio ns o f t he c o u nt ry T h e c o ns t i t u e n t e l e m e n t s o f t h i s ,
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p o pula t io n b o r e s ix d iffe r e nt n a m e s T h e s e w e re t he P ic t s a nd t h e C umbr ia ns o r Bri t o ns t he S c o t s a nd A ngl e s t h e N orwe gia ns a n d t h e F ra nks o r N o rm a ns a nd we nd t h e m d is t in u i s h e d g by t h e s e nam e s u nd e r t he rul e o f t h e S c o t o S ax o n m o narc h s t ill t h e y g radu a lly b e c o m e m e rg e d i n t h e g e ne ral n a m e o f S c ot s T h us t h e c h ar t e rs o f Bad gar a nd A l e xa nd e r t he Firs t a re addr e ss e d t o t h e ir sub e c t s b o t h S c o t s a nd A n l e s T h s e o j g by D avi d t h e Fi rs t a nd M a lc o l m t he Fo ur t h s o m e t im e s t o S c o t s a nd A ng l e s a t o t h e r t im e s t o Fra nks o r N o rma ns a nd A ngl e s a nd fr e qu e nt ly t o F ranks a n d A ngl e s S c o t s a nd G a l we gia ns o r P i c t s w h il e in t h e c h a r t e rs o f t h e subs e qu e n t k i ng s t h e s e d i st inct io ns d isapp e ar W h e n t h e w h o l e fo rc e o f t h e k in g d o m was call e d o ut by D a v i d t h e Fi rs t a t t h e in v a s io n o f E ngl a n d w h i c h t e rm i nat e d i n t h e d is a s t r o us b a t t l e o f n d t h a t hi s ar m y acc o rd i ng t o Ri c h a rd t h e S t a n dard we o f He xham was c o mp o s e d o f N o rm a ns G e rm a ns A ngl e s Nort h u mb ria ns a nd C umbria ns o f Te vio t d a le o f L o t h i an o f 11 Pi ct s c o mm o nly c a ll e d G alw e gians a nd o f S c o t s w h il e acc o rd i ng t o A il re d t h e a r m y was a rrang e d i n t h e fo ll o w i ng b a t t a l io ns Th e firs t was c omp o s e d o f t h e G a l ue nse s o r G a l we gia n P i c t s ; t h e s e c o n d o f t h e C um b e re ns e s a n d T e v i o t d a l e n se s or Br it o n s o f S t r a th clyd e a nd T e vio t d a l e ; t h e t h i rd o f t h e La o d o n e n se s I n s u l a ni a n d La u e rn a ni t h a t is a m i x e d b a t t a l io n o f A ng l e s o f L o t h ia n N o rw e gia n s o f t h e I sl e s a nd t h e G a e l i c p e o pl e o f t h e L e nn o x ; a nd t h e k ing h ad i n h is o wn bat t al io n t h e S c ot t i a nd M u ra ve nse s t h a t i s t h e p e o pl e o f S c o t lan d b e t w e e n t h e F o r t h a n d t h e S p e y a nd o f t h e g re a t pr o v inc e o f M o r a y w h i c h h e h ad r e c e n t ly subj e c t e d b e y o n d 12 o r S ax o n i t a n d al o ng w i t h t h e m M il it e s A ngl i e t F r a nc i a n d N o rm a n bar o n s Of t h e s e r a c e s t wo o n ly w e r e i nd ig e n o us a nd t h e r e s t Lo d o n e a d Pi c t i q u i v ul go G a ll e C oa d u n t us a u t m e t i te d i u n t u r t S c otti s —Ri w i ns d e N or m a n n i n e fa n d u s e x e r i t u .
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w e r e int rud e rs T o t h e i nd ige no us r a c e s b e l onge d t he C um br ia ns or Brit o ns s o u t h o f t h e Fi r t h s o f Fo r t h a n d C lyd e a nd t h e P i c t s wh o o r ig ina lly i nh ab it e d t h e w h o l e c o u nt ry no r t h o f t h e s e e s t uar i e s a s w e ll as G all o way a n d a c o n s i d e rabl e p a r t o f I r e la n d Bo t h b e l ong e d t o t h e Ce l t i c rac e t h e fo r me r t o t h a t bra n c h o f i t t h e d i a l e c t o f w h i c h is r e pr e s e nt e d by t h e We ls h C o rnis h a nd Br e t o n a nd p e rh a ps i n t he m a in m o s t n e arly a ppr o ac h e d t h e C o r nis h i n t h e fo rm o f t h e i r sp e e c h But w h e t h e r t h e P i c t s w e re a l t o g e t h e r a h o m og e n e o us p e o pl e ma y p e rh a ps b e a qu e s t i o n Fr o m t h e t i m e w h e n t h e y firs t b e cam e k no wn t o t h e Ro m a ns t h e y a pp e ar t h r ou g h o u t as d ivi d e d i nt o t wo bra n c h e s b ut w h e t h e r t h e e xpr e ss i o n o f t h e Ro man h is t o ria n w h e n h e t e rms t h e s e t wo d ivis io ns o f t h e Pi c t is h p e o pl e t wo na t io ns ind i ca t e s a ny d i v e rs it y o f rac e o r w h e t h e r a s t h e la n u a e o f Be d e ra t h e r i m pl ie s t h e d i s t in c t i o n was g g s im ply g e ogr a p h i c a l c e r t a inly i n o ne i mp o rt a nt r e sp e c t t h e y for a t i me s h o w e d a m a t e ri a l d iffe r e n c e for t h e s o u t h e rn P i c t s ad o p t e d C h r is t ia nit y a t a m uc h e arl i e r p e rio d t h a n t h e no r t h e rn P i c t s a n d t h e y w e r e s o fa r di su ni t e d t h at t he c o n v e rs io n o f t h e fo r m e r d i d n o t i mply t h a t o f t h e w h o l e n a t i o n a nd fo r a c e nt ury a n d a h a lf w h i l e t h e s o u t h e r n p o r t i o n w e r e n o m i nally C h ri s t ia n t h e n o r t h e rn h a lf r e m a i ne d Pa a n E v ry e g c ircu m s t a n c e h o w e v e r c o nne c t e d w it h t h e m t e nds t o s h o w t h a t t h e P i c t s wh o in h a b i t e d t h e n o r t h e r n a n d w e s t e r n r e g io n s o f S c o t l a nd as w e ll as G a ll o way a n d t h e d is t ri c t s i n I r e l a nd b e l o ng e d t o t h e G a e lic ra c e a nd sp o k e a G a e l i c d ia l e c t w h il e t h e s o u t h e r n P i c t s plac e d b e t w e e n t h e m a nd a Bri t is h p e o pl e pr e s e n t f e a t ure s w h ic h a pp e a r t o a ss i m il at e t h e m t o b o t h ; a n d t h e c o n clus io n we cam e t o was t h a t t h e y w e r e pr o b a bly o ri in a lly o f t h e s a m e G a e l i c rac e w h i l e a Br i t i s h e l e m e nt h a d g e nt e r e d i nt o t h e i r la n ua e e i t h e r fr o m m i x t ur e wi t h t h a t g g p e o pl e or fr o m s o m e o t h e r influ e nc e a ris ing fr o m t h e i r c o nt a c t Th e s i x t h c e nt ury br o u g h t in b o t h a n a dd it i o na l G a e l i c C ol m i ne a a nd a T e u t o ni c e l e m e nt i n t o t h e p o pula t io n o f t h i s par t o f i s iid .
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s e v e nt h a nd e ig h t h c e nt ur ie s vi z t h o s e o f t h e Pi c t s a nd o f t h e C umbria n Brit o n s c o ns is t ing o f t h e t wo i nd ige no us rac e s a nd t h o s e o f t h e S c o t s o f D a lria d a a nd A ngl e s o f Be r nic i a e s t ab l ish e d by t wo o f t he i nt r u d i ng p e o pl e s ; a nd t h e i r mut u a l b o u n darie s h a d r e maine d u na l t e r e d d ow n t o t he p e rio d w h e n B e d e wr o t e in t h e e igh t h c e nt ury Fo ig n I t was no t t ill t h e ni nt h c e nt ury t h a t t h o s e c h ang e s i n l m nt i nt od u e d t h e I r r e la t i v e p osI t i on c o mm e n c e d w h i c h u lt I m a t e ly l e d t o i nto p p u t h e i r fus io n i nt o o n e m ix e d p o pula t io n A r e v o lu t ion i n l rr n f e d gifg iif t h at c e nt ury le d t o a dy n as t y o f k ings o f S c ot t is h d e sc e nt t ito i b e i ng p e rmane nt ly plac e d o n t h e P i c t is h t h r o ne a nd t o a S c o t t is h e l e m e n t b e ing larg e ly a nd t o a n i ncr e as in g e x t e n t int r o duc e d int o t h e P i c t i s h p o pulat i on The cap it al o f t h e Pi c t is h k ing d o m h ad a t t h is t im e b e e n S c o ne a nd ar o u n d t h i s c e nt ral p o i nt t h e n e w S c o t t i s h m o narc h y h ad i t s c h i e f i nflu e n c e a nd i n t h e ne ig h b o ur ing d is t ri c t s t h e ne w S c o t t is h p o pulat io n w o uld b e m o s t n um e r o us Th e pr o vi nc e o f Fi fe s e e ms t o h av e b e e n c ons i d e r e d as t h e i r m a in s e a t a nd t h e y a pp e ar t o h av e S pr e ad o v e r t h e c e nt ral d i s t ri c t s o f t h e r e gio n fr e x t e ndin o m t h e F o r t h t o t h e g r e a t barr i e r o f t h e M ou nt h g w h il e t h e m o r e i nd e p e n d e nt p o r t io n o f it s Pi c t is h p o pulat ion app e ar a t i t s t wo e xt r e mit ie s i n t h e rm For tr e n o r m e n o f F o rt re n wh o h ad t h e i r c h ie f s t r o ngh o ld in D u ndurn a t t h e e as t e r n e n d o f L o c h e arn a nd i n t h e c i m d c M oe r a e o r m e n o f M e a r ns w h o s e pri nc ipal fo r t r e ss wa s D unf ot he r o r D un no t t a r T h e s e S c o t s a nd Pi c t s b e l o nging t o t h e sam e a t S t o ne h av e n G a e l i c rac e a nd sp e ak ing k in dr e d d i al e c t s w o uld amalg amat e r e ad il y e no u g h a nd t h e y w o uld pr o b a bly b e fo u nd a t t h i s t im e e s t abl i s h e d al o ng s i d e o f e ac h o t h e r i n h o m e s t e ads s o m e o f w h i c h w o uld b e S c o t t i s h a n d o t h e rs P i c t is h — a s t a t e o f mat t e rs o f w h i c h we nd e xampl e s in no r t h e r n Russ ia w h e r e t h e e arl ie r Finni s h p o pulat io n a nd t h e i nt rud i ng S lavs o ccupy r e sp e c t iv e v illage s a nd in par t s o f G r e e c e w h e r e t h e d is t ri b ut i on o f t h e A lbani a n a nd t h e G r e e k p o pula t io n pre s e n t s ,
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sam e fe a t ur e s T h i s v ie w o f t h e d i s t rib u t io n o f t h e S c o t t is h a n d Pi c t is h c o mmu ni t i e s i n t h e ne w k in g d o m o f A lban t o w h i c h t h e n am e o f S c o t i a wa s s o o n appl ie d w ill t o s o m e int e rl a ci ng i n t h is par t o f e x t e nt acc o u nt for t h e s t ra ng e t he c o u nt ry o f t h e t h r e e e arl ie s t d i o c e s e s o f D u nk e ld o f A b e r ne t h y aft e rwards r e pr e s e nt e d b yt he d i o c e s e s o f D un bl a ne a nd Br e c h i n a nd o f S t A ndre ws — t h e t wo f o rm e r b e i ng t rad it io na lly c onne c t e d wit h t h e P ic t is h n am e a nd t h e l a t t e r cl o s e ly i d e nt ifi e d w it h t h e S c ot t is h p e o pl e D i o c e san b o u n d a r ie s a re usually f o u n d t o r e fl e c t m o r e a n c ie nt e t h nic d i v i s io n s T he S c o t t is h dy na s t y o f k ing s h ad n o t o cc up ie d t h e P i c t i s h t h r o n e for m o r e t h a n s ix t y o r s e v e nt y y e a rs w h e n t h e fa ilur e o f t h e l in e o f Bri t i s h k ing s o f t h e S t rat h clyd e Brit o n s a n d t he e l e c t io n o f a br o t h e r o f t h e S c o t t i s h k ing t o b e t h e ir succ e ss o r pl a c e d a s im ilar d y na s t y o f S c o t t is h k ing s o n t h e t h r o ne o f t h e C umbria n k i ng d o m a nd mad e it s e v e nt u a l c e ss i o n t o t h e S c o t t is h m o narc h a m o r e n a t ural a n d e asy a rr a nge m e nt a n d t h e c e ss i o n o f Lo t h i a n i n t h e fo ll o w i ng c e nt ury c o mpl e t e d t h e t e rri t o r ial fo rm a t io n o f t h e lat e r S c o t t is h k i ng d o m S uc h b e ing t h e s t a t e o f ma t t e rs w h e n t h e dy n as t y o f k i ng s S p e d f T utoni spru ng fr o m t h e u m o n o f M a lc o l m C e a n nm o r w 1 t h t h e S a xo n p opl e o ve me n Prin c e ss M a rgar e t rul e d o v e r t h is k ingd o m we nd w h e n we r e ach t h e r e ig n o f A l e xa n d e r t h e T h ird t h a t a g r e at ch a ng e h a s t a k e n plac e Th e Brit i s h sp e e c h h as e nt ir e ly d i s a pp e a r e d fr o m t h e d is t ri c t fo rm ing t h e an c ie nt S t r a t h clyd e k ing d om a n d t h e i r p o pul a t io n n o w sp e a k t h e s a m e N o r t h umbr ia n o r n o r t h e r n d ia l e c t o f En l is h w i t h t h e p e o pl e o f L o t h i a n ; w h il e g t h i s T e u t o nic la ng uag e h a s l ik e w i s e spr e a d o v e r t h e e as t e r n d is t r ic t s e x t e n d ing fr o m t h e F o rt h t o t h e M o ray Fir t h w h e r e i n t h e r e ig n o f M alc ol m C e a nn m or t h a t C e l t i c k i ng h a d h ad t o i nt e rpr e t t h e S ax o n sp e e c h o f h is qu e e n t o i t s i nh ab i t a nt s a n d t h e i n d i e no us G a e l i c v e r n acul a r w a s no w c o nfi ne d t o g t he
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m o u nt a in r e gio ns o f t he N o r t h a nd W e s t n or t h o f t he Firt h s o f F o rt h a n d C ly d e w h il e t h e p e o pl e o f L e nno x a n d G all o way w it h i n t h e l im it s o f t h e a n c ie nt C umbr ian k i ng d o m l ik e w is e r e t a ine d t h e ir G a e l i c sp e e c h T h e re h ad t h e r e fo r e t ak e n p l ac e i n t h e s e d is t r ic t s a s il e nt r e v o lu t io n o f w h i c h h i s t o ry h as t ak e n li t t l e no t e B e s i d e s t h e viol e nt o r o rg a ni c c h a nge s pr o duc e d i n a p o pulat i on by t he invas io n or c o l o nisa t io n o f a f o r e ign p e opl e w hi c h h is t o ry marks a nd t h e e ffe c t s o f w h ic h we c a n t r a c e in t h e e v e nt s r e c o rd e d in t h e a n n als o f t h e c o u nt ry t h e r e i s ano t h e r s il e nt a nd i no rg ani c spr e a d o f o ne rac e o ve r t h e t e rri t o ry o f a n o t h e r t h e e v e nt ual r e sul t s o f w h i c h a re appa r e nt e no u gh a nd t h e caus e s w h i c h l e d t o i t m a y b e d iv in e d b ut t h e s t e ps o f it s pr o gr e ss a re l e ss e as ily mar k e d I n t he o ne w h o l e n a t i o n s o r t ri b e s t ak e p o ss e ss io n o f par t o r t h e w h o l e o f ne w d is t ri c t s ; in t h e o t h e r t h e y spr e ad n o t c oll e c t i v e ly b u t i n fa m il i e s o r g r o ups I n t h e o n e t h e inr o ad i s e ffe c t e d by fo rc e o r by d i r e ct c o n v e nt io n I n t h e o t h e r i t i s t h e r e sul t o f n a t ural caus e s ari si ng fr o m t h e c o nt ac t o f t wo r a c e s p o ss e ss ing d iffe r e nt quali t ie s a nd s t at e s o f c iv il isat ion a nd fro m t h e influ e n c e w h i c h t h e fo rc e o f c h a rac t e r o f o ne p e o pl e may e x e rc is e o v e r ano t h e r T h e ir i nflu e nc e t o o up on t h e sp o k e n la ng uage a nd t h e plac e n am e s o f t h e p e o pl e pre s e n t s it s e l f i n d i ffe r e nt asp e c t s I n t h e o n e t h e la nguage o f t h e in v a ding p e o pl e i s e s t a bl is h e d as t h e la nguage o f t h e c o u n t ry wh e n t h e subj e ct p o pula t io n h as b e e n e x t e rm in at e d o r dr iv e n o u t a nd t h e o ld e r plac e n am e s a re e i t h e r ad o p t e d i nt o t h e la nguage or c h a nge d a t o nc e I n t h e ot h e r t h e s il e nt a nd g radu a l i norg a ni c c o l o nis a t io n c h a nge s by d e gr e e s t h e sp o k e n l a nguag e b ut n o t t h e bulk o f t h e plac e nam e s Th e g re at n a t ural fe a t ur e s o f t h e c o u nt ry usually r e t ai n t h e nam e s imp o s e d up o n t h e m by i t s o riginal i nh ab it a nt s b u t t h o s e o f t h e h o m e s t e ads o ccup ie d by t h e c o l o nis i ng rac e assum e t h e fo rms o f t h e ir l a nguag e a nd t h o s e a ppl icabl e t o t h e dw e ll ing s o f ma n o nly r e ma i n u nc h a n e d w h e n t h e o r i in al p e opl e h av e g g t he
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l inge re d l o nge r o r w h e n t he n am e is e xpre ss iv e o f s o me c o mm on n a t ur a l fe at ure w h ic h h as b e e n r e ad ily a d o p t e d as suc h by t h e int rud e rs T o p og rap h y t h us affo rds us s o m e h e lp i n i n d icat ing t h e pr e s e n c e o f t h e s t r a ng e r a nd m a rk i ng t he e xt e nt t o w h i c h t h e rac e t o w h i c h h e b e l o ng s h as spr e a d o v e r t h e c o u nt ry Wh e n Earl D avi d a s Pri nc e o f C umbria pr o p o s e d t o r e s t o r e t h e an cie nt c h urc h o f G lasg o w a n d a sk e d t h e e ld e rs a n d w i s e m e n o f C umbri a t o i n qu ir e i nt o t h e a n c i e n t p o ss e s s io ns o f t h at c h urc h t h e y t old him t h a t aft e r K e nt ige rn t h e fo u nd e r o f t h e c h urc h a nd s e v e ral o f his succ e ss o rs h a d p a ss e d t o G o d vario us se d it io us a nd in surre c t io n s r is ing all aro u n d no t o nly d e s t r oy e d t h e c h urc h a n d i t s p o ss e ss io ns b ut lay ing was t e t h e w h ol e c o u nt ry d e l i v e r e d i t s i nh ab it T h us a ls o a ll go o d b e i ng e x t e rm inat e d a nt s i nt o e x i l e aft e r a c o ns i d e rabl e int e rv a l o f t i m e d i ffe re nt t r ib e s o f d i ffe r e nt n a t i o na l it ie s p o u r i n g i n fro m d iffe r e nt par t s i nh ab it e d t h is d e s e r t e d c o u nt ry b ut b e ing o f s e parat e r a c e S p e a ki ng a d is s im ilar lang uag e a nd l iv ing a f t e r d iffe r e nt fa s h io n n o t e as ily a re e in a m o n t h e ms e lv e s t h e y m a int a in e d pa a n ism ra t h e r g g g g T h e Lo rd h o w e v e r wh o t h an t h e cul t i va t io n o f t h e fai t h w ills t h a t n on e s h o uld p e ris h was pl e as e d t o vis it i n his cl e m e n cy t h e s e u nh appy i nh ab it ant s o f a c o nd e m ne d h a b it a t i o n i rr a t i o nally dw e ll ing aft e r t h e ma nn e r o f b e as t s I n the d ays of H e nry k i ng o f E ngla n d A l e x a nd e r r e igning as k i ng in S c o t ia G o d s e nt t h e m D a v i d br o t h e r g e rman o f t h e fo r e sai d k ing a s pri nc e a n d l e ad e r wh o c o rr e c t e d t h e ir o bsc e ne a nd w i ck e d c o nt agio n a n d bri dl e d t h e i r c o nt um e l i o us c o u t u 14 T his m acy w i t h n o bl e ne ss o f s o ul a n d infl e x ibl e s e v e rit y p i c t ur e c ol our e d n o d o ub t t o d e e p e n t he s h a d e o f t h e pas t ,
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d a rk p ic t ur e o f t h e p a s t hi s t o ry o f t h e Br i t i s h k i ng d o m a nd we may w e ll b e l ie v e t h a t u n d e r t h e s e r e p e a t e d d e v a s t at i on s a n d un d e r t h e S c o t t is h d o m inio n it s W e ls h p opulat io n i s ol a t e d in t h e n o r t h b e t w e e n P i ct s S c o t s a nd A ng l e s a n d h arass e d by in c e ss a n t i nv a s io n s w o uld gradually r e t r e at t o t h e ir m ot h e r c o u nt ry o f Wal e s a nd t h a t t h e ir n e igh b o urs w o ul d gradu a lly s e t t l e i n t h e par t ia lly d e s e r t e d c o u nt ry T h e r e a re s o m e ind i c at i ons o f e arl ie r s e t t l e m e nt s am o ng t h e m o f Fri s i an s wh o l e ft t h e ir n a m e i n D un fre s t h e t o w n o f t h e F r i s ia ns a s D unb re a t a n o r D umb a r t o n i s t h e t o w n o f 16 t h e Br i t o n s a n d t h e subj e c t io n o f t h e C umbr i a n k i ng d o m t o t h e A ngl e s o f N o r t h umbr i a fo r t h ir t y y e ars pri o r t o 6 8 5 mus t h a v e h ad a n e ffe c t o n i t s p o pulat i o n b ut b e t hi s as it m a y t he n e ig h b o uring A n gl i c p o p ul a t io n a t t r a c t e d by h e r fe r t il e pl a ins a nd vall e ys a pp e ar a t a l a t e r p e rio d t o h a v e mad e t h e ir way i nt o t h e upp e r vall e y o f t h e Tw e e d a nd T e vi ot a n d a l o ng t h e b a n ks o f t h e g r e a t wa t e rc o urs e o f t h e C lyd e a n d t o t h e pl a i ns o f Re n fr e w a n d A y r w h e r e t h e y h av e l e ft e v i d e n c e o f t h e i r s e t t l e m e nt s i n t h e n u m e r o us S ax o n pl a c e n am e s e nd i ng w i t h t h e ge n e r i c t e rms o f t on a n d fl a me w h il e t h e n o r t h e r n d i s t r i c t w h e r e t h e l im i t s o f t h e C umbr ia n k ing d o m p e ne t ra t e d i nt o t h e m o u nt ai ns — t h e d is t ri c t surr o u n d ing t h e r o mant i c lak e o f Lo c h L o m o n d — s e e ms s o o n t o h av e a o qu ir e d a G a e lic p op ula t ion a nd b e cam e k n o w n as t h e Le ve na c h o r Le nno x T h e G a e l ic p o pul a t io n o f G a ll o way a t t he s a m e t im e app e a r t o h av e e n cr o ac h e d u p o n t h e s o u t h e r n li m it o f A yrs h i re a n d p e o pl e d t h e d is t ri c t o f C a rri ck w it h a G a e l i c r a c e Ex t e ns iv e t e rr i t o r ie s t oo w e r e g ra nt e d by Earl D avi d t o h is N o rma n f o ll o w e rs T h e g re at d is t r ic t o f A nna nd a l e wa s gi v e n t o D e Bruc e T h e adj ac e n t d is t ri c t s o f E skdal e W h e n K e n t ig e n wa p re c h th i r go d W o de n ha d b e n a m e i n g to t h e p g a n p o pl e a t B o dd a m m n —S e P a p e r o n E ly F i i n in D u m f i hi re t h hi f p oi n t f S e tt l m n t P o c e e d i ng s A nt S o t hi s s e rm on w s to ho w th e m th t vol i v p 1 6 9 bear
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S C OTL AN D UNDER A L E X ANDER I II
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w e r e fill e d w i t h N o rm a ns Th e D e M o r e v ill e s o b t a i ne d C uni ngh a m e o r t h e n o r t h e r n d is t r i c t o f A yrs h ir e a nd t h e N o rma n Fi t z a ll a n wh o b e cam e t h e S t e w a rd o f S c o t lan d acqu ir e d S t ra t hg ry ff o r Re nfr e w a nd par t o f Kyl e T h e s e N orma n bar o ns s e t t l e d t h e ir N o rt hu m b ria n fo ll ow e rs o n t h e i r la nds a nd t h us alm o s t t h e w h o l e o f t h e a n cie nt k i ng d o m o f t h e C u m bri a n Brit o n s b e cam e s o o n e nt ir e ly S ax o ni s e d A s i milar pr o c e ss s e e m s t o h av e c o mm e nc e d in t h e e as t e r n di s t ri c t s n or t h o f t h e Fo r t h a ft e r t h e u nio n o f t h e C e l t ic m onarc h w it h t h e S ax on pri nc e ss h ad giv e n t h e S a x o n in flu e n c e pr e d o m i n an c e in t h e c o u nt ry a n d s t a m p e d h is c h il dr e n w it h t h e c h a rac t e r a nd fe e l ing o f S ax o n m o n a rc h s w h i c h s o o n p ro We n d S a x on bar on s wh o fl e d t o d u c e d a s i mi lar r e sul t S c o t lan d fr o m t h e p o w e r Of t h e N o rman C o n qu e r o r a cqu ir ing la nds i n t h e pr o vi n c e o f Fi fe T h e burgh s fo u n d e d by t h e k ing s of t h i s rac e o n t h e cr o wn la nds w e r e fi ll e d wit h S a x o n a n d F l e mi s h t r a d e rs a n d t h e l a t t e r p e o pl e o b t a i ne d g ran t s o f lan d T h us we nd M a lc o l m t h e F o ur t h grant ing t h e lan ds o f I nn e s Be roa l d o Fl a n d re ns i a n d D a v i d Ea rl o f Hu n t ing d o n r a n t s l a n ds in G a rri o c h t o M alc o lm so n o f B e rt o l f a F l e mi s h g all g oo d m e n o f h is n a m e a nd hi s c h ar t e r i s a ddr e ss e d t o ki ng d o m Fr e nc h or N o rm a ns Engl i s h o r A ngl e s Fl e mis h 17 T h e g r e a t r e li gi o us h o us e s e s t a bli s h e d by t h e m a n d S c o t ch br o u gh t s o u t h e r n e ccl e s ia s t i cs i nt o t h e n or t h e r n p a r t s o f t h e ki ng d o m wh o w e r e a cc o mp a nie d by a s o u t h e r n f oll ow ing ; a nd nd t h e s o l e r e ma i ns o f t h e o n t h e e x t e n s i v e c h urc h la n ds we C e l t i c p o pulat i o n app e ar ing a s s e rfs u nd e r t h e C e l t i c a pp e ll a 18 a n d large t e rri t o r ie s t io n s o f C um l a we s a n d C u mh e rb e s sp e e d ily p a ss e d i nt o t h e p o ss e ss ion o f N o rman b a r o ns wh o s e t t l e d t h e m w it h t h e i r o wn f o ll owe rs I n t h e scant y r e c o rds w hi c h t h r o w li gh t up o n t h e h is t ory o f t h e l a n d in t h e s e d is t r i c t s we c a n s e e t h e G a e l i c n am e o f t h e lan d o w ne rs gradu a lly b e c o m ing m o r e a nd m o r e r e s t r i c t e d 3 7 F o u r th R e p or t o f His t M SS C o m A pp p 4 93 C ha rt S c a n p 2 4 Ewis d a le
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r e t r e at ing b e for e t h e T e u t o nic s e t t l e rs We c a n se e m o r e a nd m or e o f t h e l an d b e c o m ing fe udal is e d a nd b e i ng h e ld by t h e fo ll o w e rs o f t h e b a r on s i n m il it a ry t e nur e T he c h urc h la n ds fo rm ing a larg e pr o p o r t ion o f t h e w h o l e b e cam e in fac t agri cul t ural c o l onie s o f s t ra ng e rs I n t he cro wn lan ds al one t h e old e r l a nd t e nur e s m a int aine d t h e i r p o s it io n fo r a t i m e t h o ug h t h e r e t oo t h e i ncr e as ing i m p o r t a nc e o f t h e r oyal burgh s a nd t h e g radual adva nc e o f t h e ir S ax o n i nma t e s int o t h e surr o u nd i ng la nd s o o n c a rr ie d t h e S a x o n t o ng u e i nt o t h e m a n d t h us t h e o l d C e l t i c k in g d o m o f A lb a n o r S c o t i a e x t e n di ng fr o m t h e Fir t h o f Fo r t h t o t h e r i v e r S p e y h ad i n t h e r e ign o f A l e x a n d e r t h e T h ird assum e d a n e nt ir e ly T e u t oni c asp e c t w h il e w h at Fo rd un t e lls us o f M alc o lm t h e Fo ur t h t h a t h a vi ng fg a t h e re d t oge t h e r t h e k ing r e m o v e d t h e r e b e l n at io n o f t h e a lar e a rmy g M o ra vie n se s fro m t h e l a n d o f t h e i r b ir t h as o f o l d N e b uc h a d n e z z a r k i ng o f Babyl o n h ad d e al t wi t h t h e J e ws a n d sc a t t e r e d t h e m t h r o ug h o u t t h e o t h e r d is t ri c t s o f S c o t lan d b o t h b e y o n d t h e m o u nt a i ns t h a t i s t h e M o u nt h a n d o n t h i s s id e t h e r e o f s o t h a t n o t e v e n o ne na t i v e o f t h a t la n d ab o d e t h e r e a nd 19 i n s t a ll e d t h e r e in his o wn p e ac e ful p e o pl e i s pro bably t o s o m e e x t e nt t ru e i n s o far a s r e ga rds t h e i nh ab i t ant s o f t he plain c o u nt ry e x t e n d i ng fro m t h e S p e y al ong t h e s o u t h e r n s h o r e o f t h e M o r a y F i r t h t o t h e ri v e r N a i m in w h i c h t h e r oyal cas t l e s o f E lgin Fo rr e s a nd N airn w e r e s it u a t e d a nd w hi c h fo rm e d t h e t h r e e s m a ll s h e r iffd o ms o f t h e s e n am e s I t i s n o t a t a ll u nl ik e ly t h a t t h a t k ing o r his succ e ss o r V i l l iam t h e Li o n s h o uld h av e ad o p t e d t h e p ol i cy o f i nt e rp o s ing b e t w e e n t h e n a t iv e p o pula t ion wh o Ford un t e lls us w o uld fo r ne it h e r pray e rs n or brib e s n e it h e r t r e a t ie s n o r o a t h s l e av e o ff t h e i r d i sl o y a l ways o r t h e i r rava e s am o ng t h e i r f e ll o w g c o u nt rym e n a nd t h e fro nt i e r o f t h e pr o vi nc e a t rac t o f c o u n t ry garr is o ne d as i t w e r e w it h t h e m o r e s e t t l e d p e o pl e o f t h e l o wl a n ds 9 F rd u n o Ch on (A n n l s I v ) e d 1 8 7 2 v o l ii p 2 5 1 d
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b t aine d his s is t e r i n marriage Un d e r S igu rd s s o n T ho r nn t h e m o s t p o w e rful o f t h e Ork ne y J a rl s a f t e r t h e d e fe at a nd d e a t h o f K ing D u n ca n i n 1 0 40 t he w h o l e o f t h e n o r t h e r n d i s t r i c t s o f S c o t l a n d as far as t h e r i v e r T a y fe ll u nd e r t h e p o w e r o f t h e N orw e gians wh o l ik e wis e p o ss e ss e d t h e S u d re y s o r We s t e rn I sl e s a nd t h e G a e l i c d is t ri c t o f G all o w a y w h il e M acb e t h t h e M o rm a e r o f M o r a y rul e d as k ing o v e r t h e d o m i ni o n s l e ft t o hi m a n d t h e o t h e r d i s t r ic t s s o u t h o f t h e Firt h s o f F o r t h a nd C lyd e a d h e r e d t o t he fa m ily o f D u n can ; b ut o n t h e d e at h o f Th o r nn we are t o ld t h a t t h e a dd it i o nal t e rr it o r ie s a cqu ir e d by h im f e ll back t o t h e i r n a t i ve l o rds M a lc o lm t h e s o n a nd h e ir o f D u n c a n succ e e d e d i n d e fe a t ing a n d k ill ing t h e us urp e r M acb e t h a n d hi s succ e ss o r Lul a c h als o o f t h e fam ily Of t h e M o rmae rs o f M o ray a nd e s t abl is h ing him s e lf as k ing o v e r t h e sa m e t e rrit o rie s w h i c h h ad b e e n p o s Th e We s t e r n I sl e s pass fo r a t im e s e ss e d by hi s fa t h e r u nd e r t h e p o w e r o f a n I r is h k ing o f L e ins t e r w h ic h s h o ws h o w p o w e rful t h e G a e l ic e l e m e nt i n t h e ir p o pulat io n s s t ill was a nd o n h is d e at h fe ll u n d e r t h e a u t h o r it y o f t h e C r o wn A t t h i s t im e t h e I sl e o f M a n wa s i n t h e p o ss e ss io n o f t h e D a ni s h k ing s o f D ubl i n b u t a p o w e rful N o rw e g ia n V i k i ng wh o h a d j o i ne d t h e e xp e d i t i o n o f Haral d k i ng o f N o rw a y i n 1 0 6 6 w i t h h is f o ll o w e rs a n d f o u g h t a t t h e ba t t l e o f S t a m fo rd Br id g e succ e e d e d aft e r t h a t d e fe a t i n driv i ng t h e D an e s o u t o f M a n a nd e x t e n d ing his p o w e r o v e r t h e W e s t e rn I sl e s w h e r e h e fo u n d e d a n e w dy n as t y o f N o rw e gia n k i ng s o f t h e I sl e s H e i s t e rm e d in t h e C h r o ni cl e o f M a n G o dr e d C ro va n a n d i n t h e I ris h A nna ls G o ffra ig M e ra na c h k ing o f 25 n t h e G a lls o f D ubl in a d t h e I sl e s w h e r e his d e a t h w hich acco rd ing t o t h e C h r o ni cl e o f M a n t o o k pl a c e i n t h e i sl a n d o f I sl a is r e c o rd e d i n 1 0 9 5 T h e I sl e s h ad h o w e v e r t wo y e a rs G ffra ig M e n h r i G a ll mo M e ra n a h t ig h e rn a G a ll A t h c l i t h gu s na ninn s id h —A nna ls of t he t uu s e s t —A n Ult d a n 10 9 5 A t b t h d n m h o rt l d h c h t n a ( f F o u M a s t e s v o l 1 p 9 50 t h e s a m e p s ti l e n c e d i e d ) G o f a i d h S ig urd
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b e fo re b e e n inv a d e d by M agnus k ing o f N o rway a nd br o ugh t u nd e r h is d o m inio n a nd w e r e e v e nt u a lly fo rm a lly c e d e d t o h im by K i ng Ea d g ar i n t h e b e g in ning o f h is r e ig n wh o t h us fo r a t im e t e rm inat e d t h e ir n o m i nal c o nne c t i o n wi t h t he S c o t t is h k ing d o m A f t e r t h e d e a t h o f K ing M a gnus we n d t h e l e ad i ng m e n o f t h e I sl e s apply ing t o t h e k i ng o f I r e la n d t o s e n d t h e m s o m e p e rs o n o f w o r t h o f t h e r o yal fa m ily t o a c t as t h e ir k ing t ill Ol a v e t h e s on o f G o dre d s h o uld gr o w u p a n d D o na ld s o n o f T a d g was s e nt wh o i s s a i d i n t h e A nn a ls o f I nni s fa ll e n t o h av e acqu i r e d t h e k ing d o m o f I n n sigall 26 by fo rc e b ut was driv e n o u t w h e n t h e k ing o f N o rway s e nt Bu t o n his a t t e mp t i ng a N o rw e gi a n na m e d I ng e m u nd t o h av e h i ms e lf app o i nt e d k ing h e wa s a t t ack e d a nd sl a in by t h e c h ie f m e n o f t h e I sl e s a nd Olav e t h e s o n o f G o dr e d C ro van wa s e s t a bl is h e d as k ing o v e r all t h e I sl e s a n d rul e d T h e N o rw e g i a ns a t t h i s t im e s t ill p o s t h e m fo r f o r t y y e ars s e ss e d t h e w e s t e rn s e a b o ard o f S c o t lan d n o r t h o f t h e Fi r t h o f A cc o rd i ng t o t h e Re d C lyd e a nd t h e d is t ri c t o f G all o way Bo o k o f Cl a nra n a l d A ll t h e i sla n ds fr o m M a na nn o r t h e I sl e o f M a n t o A re a o r t h e Ork ne ys a nd all t h e b o rd e ri ng c o u nt ry fr o m D un Br e t a n or D umb a r t o n t o C at a o r Ca it h n e ss i n t h e n o r t h w e r e i n t h e p o ss e ss i o n o f t h e Loc hl a nnac h or N o rw e gia n s a nd suc h o f t h e G ae d h al o f t h o s e lands as re main e d 27 w e r e pr ot e c t ing t h e m s e lv e s i n t h e w o o ds a nd m o u nt a i ns T h i s i s pr o bably a t ru e p i ct ur e o f t h e r e lat iv e p o s i t io n o f t h e N o rw e gi an a n d t h e G a e l i c p o pul a t i o n a t t h i s t im e a nd i s n o d o ub t e qu a lly appl i c a bl e t o t h e d i s t ri c t o f G a ll o way ; b ut during t h e rul e o f Ol a v e o v e r t h e I sl e s a s i mul t ane o us e ffo rt s e e ms t o h a v e b e e n mad e by t h e G a e l i c i n h ab it ant s of b o t h d is t ri c t s t o fr e e t h i s ma inlan d b o rd e r c o u nt ry fr o m t h e pr e s e n c e o f t h e N o rw e gia ns T he l e a d e r o f t h e n at i v e G a e l i c p opul a t io n o f A rgyll wa s S o m e rl e d a n d o f t h a t o f G a ll o way was F e rg us T he fo rm e r ,
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b e ars c e r t a inly a N o rw e gian nam e b ut t h e n am e s o f f at h e r H e wa s so n o f G i ll e a n d g ra n df a t h e r h a v e b e e n pr e s e rv e d bri d e so n o f G ill e a d o mna n a nd t h e s e nam e s are o f t oo pur e ly a G a e l i c fo rm t o in d i c a t e a ny t h ing b ut a G a e l i c d e sc e nt a nd t h e y are said i n t h e Bo o k o f Cla nra na ld t o h a v e t ak e n r e fu g e fr o m t h e N o rw e g ia ns i n I r e la n d a n d t o h av e h ad a h e re di t a ry r ig h t t o t he m a inl an d t e rrit o rie s p o ss e ss e d by t h e l a t t e r Th e n a m e o f t he fat h e r o f F e rg us o f G a ll o w a y h as not b e e n pre s e rve d b u t h is o wn n a m e is a pur e ly G a e l i c fo r m a nd h is p e rs o n al qual i t i e s pr o b a bly ra is e d him t o t h e l e a d e rs h ip of t h e G a e l i c p o pulat io n M a c vu ric h d e scrib e s G ille b rid e t h e fa t h e r o f S o m e rl e d as b e ing pr e s e nt a t a c o n fe r e n c e h e ld by t h e M a c ma h o n s a nd M aguir e s i n Fe rm a na gh a nd o b t aini ng h e lp fr o m t h e m t o r e g a in h i s i n h e r i t a n c e i n H e w e n t o v e r t o S c o t l a n d w it h h is s o n S o m e rl e d S c o t lan d a n d w h e n i n t h e m o u nt a i ns a n d a n d a b a n d o f fo ll o w e rs w o o ds o f A rd go ur a nd M orve rn t h e y w e r e surpris e d by a large fo rc e o f N o rw e g ia n s wh o w e r e h o w e v e r e v e nt u a lly d e fe a t e d by S o m e rl e d a n d h is part y ; a n d a dds M a c vu ri c h h e d id n o t h a l t i n t h e pursu it u nt i l h e d ro v e t h e m n o r t h w a rd acr o ss t h e ri v e r S h e il a nd h e d id n o t c e as e fr o m t h a t w o rk u nt il h e cl e ar e d t h e w e s t e r n s id e o f A lb a n fro m suc h o f t h e N o rw e gian s a s h a d a cqu ire d t h e d o m inion o f t h e i sl a nds w it h t h e e xc e p t io n o f t h e i sla n d c a ll e d I nn s ig a ll a nd h e ga i ne d 23 v i c t ory o v e r his e ne mi e s in e v e ry fi e ld o f b a t t l e We h a v e n o r e c o rd o f w h a t t oo k pl a c e i n G a ll o way e xc e p t t h a t t h e r e sul t app e ars t o h av e b e e n t h e s a m e fo r we nd t h e p e o pl e o f G all o w a y j o i ni ng t h e ar m y o f K i ng D a v i d a t t h e Ba t t l e o f t h e S t and a rd u n d e r t h e i r C e l t i c l e a d e rs a n d F e r g us fully e s t abl i s h e d in his r e ig n as L o rd o f G a ll o w a y Th e N or we gia ns h ow e v e r w e r e n o t all o w e d e v e n t o r e t a i n qu ie t p o ss e ss ion o f t h e I sl e s a nd S o m e rl e d wh o n ow app e a rs as Re g ulus o f A rgyll succ e e d e d i n e v e nt ually wr e s t ing t h e ,
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fr o m t h e m M ac vuric h t e lls us t h at aft e r he h ad cl e are d t h e m a inl a n d o f t h e N o rw e gia ns h e S p e nt s om e t i m e i n war a n d a n o t h e r t i m e i n p e ac e a nd d uri ng o ne o f t h e s e i nt e rv a ls p e ac e a pp e ars t o h av e b e e n c o n clud e d b e t we e n t h e l e a d e rs o f t h e G a e l i c p o pula t io n a nd t h e N o rw e g ia n k i ng Olav e fo r t h e l a t t e r marr ie d A fre c a d au g h t e r o f F e rg us t h e C e l t ic l o rd o f G a ll o way by w h o m h e h a d a son G o dr e d a n d a v e o n e o f h is o wn dau h t e rs t o S o m e rl e d t h e C e l t i c Re ulus g g g o f A rgyll i n m a rr i a g e wh o h ad by h e r f o ur s o n s D u b h a l g 29 Re g inald A ngus a n d Olav e D uring t h e r e ig n o f Ol a v e h e i s sa i d by t h e C h r o ni cl e o f M a n t o h av e l iv e d up o n suc h t e rms o f u ni o n w i t h a l l t h e k i ng s o f I r e l a n d a n d S c o t l a n d t h at n o o n e d a r e d t o d i s t urb t h e k ing d o m o f t he I sl e s as l o ng a s h e was al iv e ; b ut a ft e r h is d e a t h t h e t wo p o pula t io n s cam e a a in i nt o c o n fl i c t w h i c h r e sul t e d in t h e G a e l i c p o pula t i o n o f g G all o way m aint a i ning t h e ir in d e p e n d e n c e a n d t h o s e o f A rgyll add ing a l a rg e p o r t ion o f t h e I sl a n ds t o t h e d o mi ni ons o f t h e ir l e ad e r Ol a v e was sl a i n i n t h e i sla n d o f M a n by t h e s o n s o f h is br o t h e r Har o ld wh o h a d f o rm e d a c o nsp i racy a ga ins t him in t h e y e a r 1 1 5 2 up o n wh i c h we a re t o ld i n t h e C h r oni cl e o f M a n t he c o nsp ira t o rs d iv i d e d t h e l a n d am o ng t h e ms e lv e s a nd a fe w d a ys a f t e rwards h av i ng c o ll e c t e d a fl e e t t h e y sa il e d o v e r t o G a ll o w a y i nt e n d ing t o c onqu e r i t Th e G all o w a y m e n h o w e v e r fo rm e d t h e m fo r t h e m s e lv e s s e lv e s i n a b o dy a nd ass a il e d t h e m w it h gr e at i mp e t u o s i t y wh e r e up o n t h e y sp e e d ily fl e d i n g r e a t c o n fus io n a nd e i t h e r sl e w or e xp e ll e d fr o m i t all t h e m e n o f G a ll o w a y wh o w e r e 30 I n t h e f o ll o w i ng y e ar G o dr e d r e s i d e nt w it h in t h e isl a n d t h e s o n o f Ol a v e arr i v e d w it h s o m e s h ips fr o m N o rway a nd wa s e l e c t e d by t h e c h ie fs o f t h e I sl e s as t h e ir k i ng ; b u t h e wa s n o s o o n e r s e cur e i n his k ing d o m t h a n h e b e cam e t yran n ic al t o h i s c h i e f m e n s o m e o f w h o m h e d i sp o ss e ss e d a n d One o f t h e m o s t o t h e rs h e d e g rad e d fr o m t h e i r d ig nit ie s S o u t h e r n I sl e s
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p ow e rful o f t h e s e Th or n n s on o f Ot t e r w e nt t o S o m e rl e d a nd ask e d t o h a v e his so n D ub hga l wh o s e m o t h e r wa s K ing C l av e s d a u gh t e r t h a t h e m ig h t se t h im o n t h e t h r o n e o f t h e I sl e s a nd t a k ing h im t h r o u g h t h e I sl e s h e f orc e d t h e c h ie fs t o ack no wl e d g e h im fo r t h e ir s o v e r e ig n a n d t o giv e h o s t a g e s fo r A no t h e r o f t h e s e c h ie fs call e d P a ul fl e d t h e i r a ll e g ia n c e pri vat e ly t o G o dr e d wh o s e e ms t o h a v e b e e n i n M a n a nd t o ld h i m w h at h a d t ak e n plac e w h e n h e i m m e d ia t e ly c o l l oot e d his fo ll ow e rs go t h is S h ips r e ady an d sail e d t o m e e t t h e e n e my S o m e rl e d t o o c o ll e c t e d a fl e e t o f e igh t y v e ss e ls a nd a se a ba t t l e was f o u g h t b e t w e e n G o dr e d a nd S o m e rl e d duri ng t h e nigh t o f t h e Ep ip h a ny w i t h g re at S laugh t e r o n b ot h S id e s a nd n e x t m o r ning t h e y ca m e t o a c o mpr om is e S O t h a t fr o m t h a t a n d d iv i d e d t h e s o v e r e ign t y o f t h e I sl e s p e rio d t h e y h av e fo rm e d t wo d is t in c t m o na rc h i e s t ill t h e 31 pr e s e nt t i m e S o m e rl e d was S l a in as we k n o w a t Re nfr e w i n t h e y e a r 1 1 6 4 a nd o n h is d e a t h h i s e ld e s t s o n D ub hg al a pp e ars t o h av e succ e e d e d hi m in h is m a inla n d t e rrit o ri e s whi l e his p o s s e ss ion s in t h e I sl e s fe ll t o h is s e c o nd s o n Re g in ald w it h t h e N o rw e gia n t it l e o f k ing G o dre d d ie d in t h e I sl e o f M a n i n t h e y e ar 1 1 8 7 a n d wa s succ e e d e d by h is e ld e s t s o n Re g ina ld T h e r e t h us cam e t o b e t wo Re g inalds r e igning o v e r t h e I sl e s a t t h e sam e t i m e t h e N o rw e gi a n Re g in a ld t h e s o n o f G o dr e d a n d t h e C e l t i c Re g in ald t h e so n o f S o m e rl e d Bo t h b o r e t h e t i t l e o f K i ng o f t h e I sl e s a nd t h us t h e y a re o ft e n c o nfo u n d e d T h e r e i s pr e s e rv e d in t h e Boo k o f Fe rm oy a curi o us p oe m w h i c h t h r o ws s om e l ig h t o n t h e s t a t e o f t h e I sl e s a t t h i s 32 I t c o ns i s t s ma in ly o f a pan e gyri c o n t h e N o rw e gia n t im e Re ginald b u t app e a rs t o allud e l i k e w i s e t o t h e o t h e r Re gi n al d Wh e n t h e I sl e s w e r e d iv i d e d t h o s e w h i c h lie s o u t h o f 16 thi s p o e m c o lla t e d w ith o n e in h is T h e a u tho i s i n d e b t e d to W o wn p o sse s s io n I t i s p ri n t d i n t h M He n n e sse y E q o f t h e P u bl i c l ong with A pp n d i x N o I L t a n l tion by M He nne ss e y Re c or d Offi c e D u bl i n for a c o py o f ,
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r ly d is a pp e ar e d fr o m t h e m a inl a n d o f S c ot l a n d a nd fr o m t h e We s t e r n I sl e s t h e i sl a n ds Of Ork n e y a nd S h e t l a nd al o ne r e m a ini ng as a d e p e n d e n cy o f t h e k ing d o m o f N o r way D ur ing t h e e nt i r e dur a t io n o f t h i s N o rw e gia n k ing d o m o f t h e I sl e s we s e e t h e fr e qu e n t app e a ra n c e o f a s ub ord i 34 wh os e na t e b o dy t e rm e d t h e Pr inc e s o r C h i e fs o f t h e I sl e s r e c og nit io n o f t h e au t h o rit y o f t h e k i ng was n e c e ss a ry t o We se e t h e m e l e ct ing a his assump t io n o f t h a t p o s it io n k ing a n d o ccas i on ally d e p o s ing a k i ng ; a nd t h a t t h is b o dy c o ns i s t e d o f p e rs on s part ly o f N o rw e gia n a nd p a r t ly o f G a e l i c d e sc e nt i s e v i d e nt fr o m t h e ir s o m e t im e s d e fe rring t o t h e a u t h o r it y o f t h e k ing o f N o rway a n d a t o t h e r t i m e s a pp e a l in t o I r e l a n d fo r a i d W h n t h N o rw e ia n in flu e n c e e e g g was p a ram o u nt t h e y w o uld acc e p t t he c o nt ro l o f t h e N or we gia n m o narc h Wh e n t h e G a e l ic influ e nc e pr e d o m ina t e d t h e y s e e m i n var iably t o h av e f a ll e n b a ck up o n t h e k i n dr e d Th e i nfe ri o r G a e l o f I r e lan d a nd c o m e u n d e r t h e ir influ e n c e p o pul a t io n o f t he I sl e s t h ro u g h o u t wa s pr obably G a e l i c wh o fo rm e d t h e a c t ual o ccup i e rs o f t h e s oi l u n d e r sup e rio r l o rds s o m e o f N orw e gian a nd s o m e o f nat iv e d e sc e nt W h e n t h e p a r t it io n o f t h e k ing d o m o f t he I sl e s t o o k plac e b e t we e n Ol a v e a nd S o m e rl e d t h e S o u t h e r n I sl e s w h ic h t h us p a ss e d u nd e r t h e rul e o f a n at i v e l o rd w o ul d na t urally at t ra c t t o t h e m t h e G a e l i c p o pul a t io n b o t h c h i e fs a nd p e o pl e w h il e t h e c h ie fs o f N o r we gi an d e sc e nt w o uld as n a t ur a lly w i t h draw t o t h e N o r t h e r n I sl e s w h i c h r e mai ne d u n d e r N o rw e g ia n rul e a nd t h us t h e N o rw e gia n p o pul a t io n w o uld b e c o m e m o r e r e s t ri c t e d t o t h e s e islan ds w h il e t h at o f t h e S o u t he r n I sl e s w o uld b e c o m e m o r e pur e ly G a e l i c acc o rd ingly we nd t h e No rw e gia n pl a c e nam e s in Sky e a n d t h e L ong I sl a nd a re m o r e num e r o us a nd m o r e t h o r o u h ly S pr e a d o v e r t h e I sl e s t h a n i n g t h e i sl a n ds s o u t h o f t h e P o i nt o f A rd na m urc h a n a r e sul t w e t he
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m igh t als o nat urally e xp e c t fr o m t h e N o rw e g ia n o ccup a t io n o f t h e f o rm e r h av i ng las t e d a c e n t ury l o ng e r t h a n t h a t o f t h e lat t e r We s h ould a ls o e xp e c t t o nd t h a t aft e r t h e par t it io n o f t h e I sl e s t h e N o r t h e r n I sl a nds w o uld b e c o m e c o mpara t i v e ly d e s e r t e d by t h e l o w e r class o f t he p o pula t i on t he a c t ual o ccup i e rs o f t h e s o i l ; a nd t h e c o n d i t io n o f t h e s e i sla n ds a t t h is t im e m ay b e g a t h e r e d fr o m t h e C h r o ni cl e o f M a n w h e r e i t t e lls us t h a t t h e N o rw e g ia n k ing Re g ina ld g av e h is bro t h e r Olav e t h e i sla n d w h i c h is c a ll e d L eod hns o r L e w i s w h ic h t h o u g h large r t h a n a ny o f t h e o t h e r i sl e s i s m o u nt a in o us r o cky a nd a lm o s t e nt ir e ly i n acc e ss ibl e I t i s o f c ours e t h inly p e opl e d a n d t h e i nh a b it a nt s l i v e m o s t ly by h u nt i ng a nd fis h i ng To t h i s i sl a n d Ol a v e r e t ir e d a nd l iv e d i n t h e way o f p o ve rt y S e e ing t h e i sl a n d c o ul d n o t supp o r t hi m a n d h is fo ll o w e rs h e w e nt c o nfid e nt ia lly t o h is br o t h e r Re gina ld wh o was a t t h a t t im e r e s i d e nt i n t h e I sl a nds a nd t h us acc o s t e d h im : Br o t h e r my l o rd a nd s o v e r e ig n t h o u a rt c o nsc io us t h a t t h e k ing d o m o f t h e I sl e s i s my b i r t h r ig h t b u t a s t h e A l m ig h t y h a t h app o int e d t h e e t o rul e o v e r t h e m I n e it h e r e nvy L n o r b e rud g e t h e e t h i s r o y a l d ig ni t y t m n o w o n ly e e g s o m e p or t io n o f l a n d i n t h e e n t r e a t t h e e t o app o i nt m e I sl a n ds w h e r e I m a y liv e cr e d it ably w it h m y p e o pl e ; for t h e i sl a nd o f L e o d h ns w h i c h t h o u h a s t g i v e n m e i s i ns u f 35 f i n n n A pp a r e n t ly Re ginald saw n o c ie nt o r my m a t e a c e way o f sa t i sfy ing hi s d e m an d a n d fo u n d a n e as i e r s o lut io n i n m a king h im p rI S o ne r a n d s e n d ing him t o K ing Will iam t h e Lio n wh o impris o ne d h i m during t h e r e s t o f h is r e ig n We l ik e wis e s e e fr o m t h e C h r o ni cl e o f M a n t h a t t h e r e was fr e qu e nt i nt e rm a rr iag e b e t w e e n t h e t wo r a c e s wh o o ccup ie d t h e i sl a n ds a n d t h i s w o uld n o t o n ly l e ad t o t h e i nt ro duc t i o n o f p e rs on al n a m e s o f N o rw e g ian f o rm i nt o fam il ie s o f pur e G a e li c d e sc e nt i n t h e m a l e l ine b u t mus t t o a g r e a t e x t e nt h av e al t e r e d t h e p h ys i cal t yp e o f t h e G a e l ic .
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r a c e i n t h e i sl a nds ; b ut t h e r e i s n o r e a s o n t o supp o s e t h a t a ft e r t h e e nt i r e d e f e a t o f t h e N o rw e gi a n s i n t h e r e ign o f A l e xa n d e r t h e T h ird a n d t h e c e ss i o n o f t h e k ing d o m o f t h e I sl e s t o h i m t h e r e r e m a ine d in t h e m m a ny f a m ili e s o f pur e N o r we gia n d e sc e nt a nd fro m t h e p o pul a t io n o f S c o t lan d as nd i t in his r e ig n t h e N o rw e g i a n e l e m e nt n e v e r p ro we bably a v e ry p e r m ane nt a nd e ss e nt i al i ngr e di e nt mus t n ow h av e e nt ire ly d is a pp e a r e d W h e n t h e Co mmu ni t a s o r E s t a t e s o f S c o t la n d m e t a t T h E t t e i di; in S c o ne o n t h e 5 t h o f F e bruary 1 2 8 3 t o r e gul a t e t h e succ e ss io n H 1 283 nd t h a t t h e g r e a t h o ld e rs o f t h e la n d i n t o t h e cr o w n we S c o t l a n d c o n s is t e d a t t h is t i m e firs t o f t h ir t e e n o f t h e g r e a t h e re dit ary e arld o ms o ne o f w h ic h wa s h e ld by a fa m ily o f A ng l i c d e sc e nt a n d fo ur by N o r ma n b a r o n s wh o h a d suc c e e d e d by i nh e ri t a nc e i n t h e f e m a l e l in e t o t h e a nc i e n t C e l t i c e arls ; a nd s e c o ndly o f t we nt y fo ur b a r o ns o f w h o m e ig h t e e n a t l e as t r e pr e s e nt e d t h e N o r m a n b a r o n a e o f t h e k i ng d o m g w h il e t h e C e l t i c e l e m e nt is r e pr e s e nt e d o nly by t h r e e fa m il ie s 3 6 d e sc e nd e d fr o m S o m e rl e d t h e g r e a t C e l t ic L o rd of A rgyll ; a nd wh e n Edward t h e Fi rs t pl a c e d t h e w h o l e o f S c o t l a n d u nd e r fo ur j us t i c ia r i e s in 1 3 1 5 we n d t h e c ou nt ry s o u t h o f t h e Firt h s o f Fo r t h a nd C lyd e s t ill d i v i d e d i nt o t h e t wo g r e a t d is t ri c t s o f L o t h i an a nd G a ll o w a y b u t t h e l a n ds b e y o nd t h e S c o t t is h S e a t h at i s n o r t h o f t h e s e rt h s a re n o w fo r t h e firs t t i m e d iffe r e nt ly g r o up e d o ne d iv is io n c o ns i s t i ng o f t h e c o u nt ry b e t w e e n t h e r iv e r o f Fo r t h a nd t h e m o u nta ins a n d t h e o t h e r o f t h e l a n ds b e y o nd t h e m o u n t a ins o r t h a t p a r t o f t h e c o u n t ry t o w h i c h t h e G a e l ic p o pul a t io n wa s n o w re ,
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T H E SEVEN
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T L AND
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fo rm e d o f i t s fo ur t h pr o vi nc e o f Fi fe a nd Fo t h re ve w i t h T h e b is h o p s t h ird pr o v in c e e x t e nds t h e add it io n o f G o wry fr o m H ile f t o t h e D e e a nd c orr e sp o nds w it h t h e rs t pr ov i nc e i n t h e firs t l is t c o n t a ining t h e d is t r ic t o f A ng us a nd M e arns His fo ur t h pr o vinc e e x t e n ds fr o m t he D e e t o t h at g r e at a nd w o n d e rful r iv e r t e rm e d t h e Sp a o r S p e y t h e gr e a t e s t a n d b e s t o f all S c o t i a T h i s pro v i nc e t h e r e fo r e c o rre sp on ds w it h t h e fift h pro v i nc e i n t h e firs t l is t c ont a ining M ar a nd Buc h an Th e fift h pro v in c e e x t e nd e d fro m t h e S p e y t o t h e m o u nt a in B ru i na lba n o r Bre a d a lba ne a n d c o rr e sp o n ds w it h t h at par t o f t h e s e c o n d pr o v in c e o f t h e firs t l is t t e rm e d A d t heo d le o r A t h o ll T h e s ix t h pr o v in c e i s M ure f a nd Ros w h ic h i s t h e sam e wi t h t h e s ix t h pro v in c e i n t h e firs t l is t ; a nd t h e s e v e nt h i s A r reg a i t he l Th e c h ang e s t h us pro duc e d up o n t he pr o v in c ial d is t ri bu t io n o f t h e p o pul a t i o n by t h e fo rm a t i o n o f t h e k i ng d o m o f A lb a n o r S c o t i a i n t h e nint h c e nt ury we r e firs t t h a t in plac e o f t h e pr o v in c e o f Fi fe a nd F o t h re ve we no w nd a larg e r pr o v in c e i n clud i ng G o wry w i t h S c o ne t h e r o yal s e at o f t h e A r d r i o r supr e m e k ing a nd h e re pr ob a bly t he c h i e f s e t t l e m e n t s o f t h e S c o t s h a d b e e n m a d e a nd t h e c h i e f p o w e r a nd influ e n c e o f t h e k ing s o f S c o t t is h rac e w e r e fo r me d I t lay b e t w e e n t h e pr o vi n c e s o f S t ra t h e rn e a nd M e nt e a t h o r F ort r en o n t h e s o u t h w e s t a n d o f A ng us a n d M e a r ns o r M a gh — i h n r h nn o n t h n o r t h as w h r e dur t e p r i o d o f t h i s i e h e e t e e g g g dy n as t y t he me n Of Fo rt re n o n t h e on e h an d a nd t h e m e n o f M e ar n s o n t h e o t h e r a pp e ar as a s e p a ra t e p e o pl e a nd pr o bably r e pr e s e nt e d t h o s e r e ma ins o f t h e o ld e r p opulat ion w hic h s t ill pr e s e rv e d a s e para t e e x is t e n c e T h e s e para t io n o f A t h o ll fro m G o wry a nd t h e f a c t t h a t ve pro v in c e s a re d e scrib e d by t h e ir na t ura l t h e firs t b o u ndar i e s w h il e t h e s i xt h r e t ain s it s old e r d e s ign a t io n o f M ure f a nd Ro s ra t h e r p oi nt s t o t h e g r e a t m o u nt a in barri e r w h i c h s e par a t e s t h e H igh la nds fr o m t h e L o wl an ds no w as i n s u mi n r a r s i fic a n c e i n t h e t r i bal d is t r ibu t i o n t h e e t e g g g b ut i s
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d ie d i n 9 7 0 t h e d e at h o f M a e lb rig d i s o n o f D ub u c a n t h e M o rm a e r o f A ng us ; a n d i n 9 7 6 Tigh e rna c t e lls us t h a t t h r e e M o rma e rs o f A lban w h o s e na me s h e g iv e s us a s C e lla c h s on o f Find gai ne C e ll a c h a nd D u n ca n s o n o f M o r a in d s o n o f Ba re d h a t oo k par t g i n a fo r a y by o ne o f t h e p e t t y k ing s o f I r e la nd ag ains t 15 a no t h e r The re ig n o f M a lc o lm t h e S e c o nd wh o asc e nd e d t h e t h r o ne i n 1 0 0 4 a n d w h o s e t h ir t y y e ars rul e o v e r A lba n was d is t in by u i t h a c qu is i t io n o f t h e c is m a r in e t e rrit o r i e s s o u t h s h e d e g Of t h e Fi r t h s o f F o r t h a nd C l y d e t h r o ws s t ill f ur t h e r l ig h t up o n t h e p o s it io n o f t h e s e pr ov inc i a l rul e rs I n t he e arly p a r t o f h is r e ig n t h e gre a t c o nfl i c t t ook pl a c e b e t w e e n t h e D a ne s o f D ubl i n a nd t h e n a t i v e I r is h u nd e r t h e ir g r e a t k ing Br ia n Bo roimh e w h ic h was t o d e t e rm in e w h e t h e r t h e G alls n a t i v e G ae d h e a l o r fo r e ig n h o rd e s o f S c a n d in a v ia o r t h e w e r e t o r e t a i n p o ss e ss io n o f I r e la n d ; a c o nfl i ct t e rm ina t e d i n fav o ur o f t h e G ae d he a l w h e n t h e bat t l e o f C l o nt arf was wo n i n t h e y e ar 1 0 1 4 by Bri a n t h e A r d r i o r supr e m e k i ng o f I r e l a n d t h o u gh l ik e s o m e o t h e r vi c t o r io us g e ne rals h e l o s t h is o wn l ife in t h e s t ruggl e I n t h is g r e at c o nfl i c t we n d t h e p e o pl e o f t h e pr o v i nc e s t a k in g part o n b o t h s i d e s ; t h o s e i n t h e p o ss e ss io n o f t h e N o rw e g ia n s s i d i ng w it h t h e D a ne s a n d t h o s e u n d e r n a t iv e rul e t a k ing p a r t w it h K ing T o t h e a ss is t a nc e o f t h e D a ne s cam e S ig urd N or Br i an we g ian Ea rl o f Ork ne y w it h t h e h o s t o f t h e Ork ne ys a nd o f t h e N o rw e gi a n I sl a nds t h e G a lls o r N o rw e gia ns o f C a it h n e ss a nd M a nn S ky e L e wi s K i nt yr e a n d Oi r erg a i d he l o r A rgyll a re e sp e c i ally m e nt io ne d a s b e ing o n t h e D a ni s h s id e On t h e o t h e r h a n d t e n M orma e rs fo ll o w e d Bria n w i t h f o r e ig n a ux il ia ri e s wh o pr o bably r e pre s e nt e d t he d is t ri c t s in A lb a n u n d e r n a t iv e rul e a n d t h e l e ad ing ma n a m ong t h e m app e a rs t o h av e b e e n D o nald so n o f Ei mi n s o n r e c o rds
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r e ign t h e M o rma e rs o f M o r e b o r M o ra y c o m e v e ry pr o m i ne nt ly fo rw a rd a nd s h o w us t h e t it l e h e r e d it a ri ly b o r ne by a v e ry p o w e rful fam ily w h i c h e v e nt u a lly pl a c e d t wo o f i t s m e mb e rs o n t h e t h r o ne Th e firs t wh o app e a rs i s Fi n d l a e o t h e s on o f Rua d ri M o rma e r M o r e b w h o s e d e a t h i s r e c o rd e d a t 1 0 2 0 w h e n h e wa s sl ai n by t h e s o ns o f his br o t h e r M a e lb rigd i T h is F indla e c is o bvio usly t h e Finnl e ik r J a rl wh o is m e nt io ne d in one o f t h e N ors e S aga s a s d e fe n d ing h is d i s t r i c t i n S c o t l a n d ag a i ns t S ig urd t h e N o rw e gi an J arl o f Ork n e y wh o e v e nt ually c o n qu e r e d M y rh a e vi o f M o r a y a nd 17 Ro ss I n 1 0 2 9 t h e d e a t h o f M alc o l m so n o f M a e l b rig d i s o n o f Ru a d ri i s r e c o rd e d w h e n h e b e a rs t h e t it l e o f Ri o r k ing H e is o bv io usly t h e s on o f t h at M a e lb rig d i t h e br ot h e r I n t h is
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m o nt h s I n t h e s a m e r e ig n w e nd a ls o t h e p e t t y k i ng s o f A rre P tty k i n g ga i t he l o r A rgyll a n d Ga llg a l lhe l o r G a ll o way m a ki ng t h e ir 2 2? W ) firs t a pp e a r a nc e I n t he y e ar 1 0 3 1 w h e n C nu t t h e D a ni s h k ing o f Engla nd i nv a d e d S c o t l a nd h e is sai d t o h a v e r e c e iv e d t h e sub m iss io n o f M alc o lm k ing o f t h e S c o t s a n d o f t wo o t h e r k ing s M a e l b a e t h e a nd I e h m a rc T h e s e k ing s a pp e a r t o h av e r e pr e s e nt e d t h e d i s t ri c t s b e y o n d t h e r iv e rs S p e y a n d D rum a l b a n w h i c h a t t h i s t i m e fo rm e d t h e b o u nd a ry o f S c o t la n d pr o p e r o n t h e n o r t h w e s t a n d w e s t ; fo r M a e l b a e t h e c a n b e n o o t h e r t h a n t h e c e l e bra t e d M acb e t h wh o was t h e n M o rmae r o f M o r e b or M o r a y a n d I e h ma rc m a y b e i d e nt ifi e d .
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w it h I m e rg i wh o app e ars i n t he Old I r is h G e ne al ogie s as a nc e s t o r o f S o m e rl e d t he p e t t y k ing o f A rgyll 1 9 T he I ris h A nnals r e c o rd i n t h e sam e y e ar i n w h ic h k ing M a lc o lm d ie d t h e d e a t h als o o f S uib n e s o n o f K e nne t h Ri or k in o f G a ll g a i d l e T h is nam e w h ic h app e a rs t o h av e b e e n appl ie d i n t h e g I ris h A nna ls as a g e ne ra l nam e o f t h e G a e dh e l o r G a e l o f t h e We s t e r n I sl e s a nd o f t he d is t ri ct s ly ing al o ng t h e c o a s t wh o b e cam e subj e c t t o a nd a d o p t e d t h e manne rs o f t h e N o rw e gi an p irat e s o r G alls was as a t e rr it o rial na m e us e d i n a m o r e r e s t ri c t e d s e ns e a nd appr o pri at e d t o t h e d is t r i c t o f G all o way a n am e w h i c h i n i t s L a t in fo rm o f G al we t hia is d e r ive d fr o m t h e W e ls h e qu ival e nt o f G a l wy d d e l Th e N o rw e gia ns k ne w i t by t h e n am e o f G a d d ge d d la a d is t ric t sai d i n t h e Ork ne y in g a S ag a t o b e a t t h e pl a c e w h e r e S c o t lan d a nd Engl a n d 20 me e t On t h e d e a t h o f M alc olm t h e S e c o n d in t he y e ar 1 0 3 4 t h e dy nas t y o f S c o t t is h k i ng s w h i c h h a d b e e n e s t abl is h e d o n t h e Pi c t i s h t h r o ne n e arly t h r e e c e nt ur ie s pr e v io us l y c a m e t o a n e nd T h e r e a pp e ars t o h a v e b e e n no mal e d e sc e n d a nt l e ft wh o c o uld cl a i m t he cr o w n a n d t h e succ e ss io n Op e ne d t o h is n n i i t t h ra ds o by s e ld s d a u h t r as d i s t r c s s o u h h e t e S O f a r t e g g o f t h e Firt h s o f F o r t h a n d C lyd e w e r e c o n c e r n e d his cla i m w as no t o pp o s e d t o t h e law o f s ucc e ss io n w h ic h pr e v io usly pr e va il e d t h e r e a nd t h o ug h in c o ns is t e nt w i t h t h e l a w o f t ani s t ry w h i c h r e g ulat e d t h e succ e ss io n t o t h e cr o w n a m o ng t h e S c ot s it h ad b e e n s o far m o d ifi e d t h a t t h e r igh t o f t h e h e ir f e mal e t o succ e e d i n d e faul t Of h e irs mal e a pp e a rs t o h av e b e e n r e c o gnis e d i n suc h a n e m e rge n cy b ut t h e c h a ng e ,
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cl a n w h ic h o ccup i e d t h e m as t h e ir l e a d e r 28 T he sam e r e c o rd d iscl o s e s a s im ilar c o nne c t io n b e t w e e n t h e M o rm a e r a n d t h e la n d i n t h e p e rs o n o f t wo o f t h e M o rma e rs o f M o ray T h us M alc o lm t h e s o n o f Rua d ri wh o d ie d in 1 0 2 9 g i v e s t h e D e l e rc a nd M al s ne c t a i t h e so n o f Lu l a c h t he succ e ss o r o f M a cb e t h as usurp e r o f t h e t h r o ne v s i e g Pe t t ma ld u ib t o D ros t a n T h e s e l a nds w e r e pr o bably w i t h in t h e pr o v in c e o f M o r a y rul e d by t h e m a nd we a re t old by t h e S ax o n C h r o n i cl e t h a t i n 1 0 7 8 K ing M alc o lm wo n t h e m o t h e r o f M a e l sl a h t o r M a e ls n e c t a i a nd a l l h i s b e s t m e n a n e xpr e s s io n s i mil a r t o t h a t o f t h e M a i t hi o r goo d m e n o f Buc h a n w h ic h a s we h av e s e e n i nclud e d t he T o i s e c h a nd a ll his t r e a sur e a nd h is ca t t l e a nd h e h ims e lf e scap e d w i t h d ifficul t y His d e a t h a s R73 M or e b o r k ing o f M o ray is r e co rd e d as we h av e s e e n i n 1 0 8 0 S ve n e l On t he d e a t h o f Ea d ga r t h e succ e ss o r o f M a lc o lm I I I hi s t pp in ign f br o t h e r A l e x a n d e r t h e Fi rs t rul e d a s k ing o v e r S c o t l a n d A l x nd t he F i st pr o p e r w hil e Lo t h ia n a nd C umbr ia o r S t r a t h clyd e f e ll t o his br o t h e r D avi d F ro m t h e t im e w h e n t h e Ce l t i c k i ng M a lc o lm ha d marrie d t h e S a x o n prin c e ss M a rga r e t t h e r e h a d b e e n a n i n cr e a s i ng S ax o n i nflu e n c e in t h e g o v e rn m e nt o f t h e C e l t i c pr o v i nc e s ; a nd w h e n h is s o n s by t h a t pr in c e ss h ad b e e n firmly e s t abli s h e d o n t h e t h r o ne by f o r e ign a id i n o pp o s it ion t o t h e a t t e mp t o f t h e i r fa t h e r s br o t h e r t o m a in t a in his rig h t u n d e r t h e o ld e r law o f succ e ss io n w i t h t he ass is t a n c e o f t h e G a e l i c p o pula t io n a nd fo u n d t h e ir c h i e f supp o r t i n t h e A ngl ic p o pul a t io n o f Lo t h ian a nd t h e M e rs e t h e r e ig ns o f Ea d ga r a nd A l e x an d e r t h e Firs t mus t b e v i e w e d as e ss e nt ia lly t h o s e o f S ax o n m o n a rc h s m o d e ll ing t h e i r k i ng d o m i n acc o rda nc e w it h S a x o n in s t it u t io ns w h il e t h e Obj e c t o f D avi d fro m t he firs t or
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b ot h w h il e h e go v e r ne d t h e s o u t h e r n di s t r ic t s as e arl a nd t h e w h ol e o f S c o t l a n d a s k ing was t o int r o duc e t h e fe udal sys t e m o f No r m a n Engl a n d int o S c ot l a nd a nd ad a p t h e r in s t i t u t io n s t o f e ud a l f o rms Th e c h a r t e rs o f Ea d ga r r e l a t e m a in ly t o l a nd s o u t h o f t h e Fi r t h s o f F o rt h a n d C lyd e a n d we n d t h at t h e i m m e d ia t e d e p e n da nt s o f t h e C o ur t wh o fo r m e d t h e w it ne ss e s t o t h e s e ch ar t e rs w e r e c e rt a in ly S a x o ns ; a nd w h e n A l e xand e r t h e Firs t fo u n d e d t h e m o na s t e ry o f S c o ne af t e r t h e a t t e mp t m ad e up on h is l ife by t h e G a e l ic p o pula t i o n o f t h e no r t h e r n p ro v in c e s we nd t h a t t h e fo u nd a t io n c h a r t e r i s fr a m e d u p on t h e m o d e l o f t h e S ax o n c h ar t e rs L i k e t h e l a t t e r w h ic h w e re g ra nt e d w i t h t h e a ss e nt o f t h e m e mb e rs o f t h e W i t e n ag e m o t wh o subscrib e t h e c h art e r a s c o ns e nt ing p a r t ie s w i t h t h e d e s ign at io n Of Epis c o p u s and A bb a s if c h urc h m e n a nd o f C o m e s o r D ux i f e a rls w i t h o u t t h e a dd it i o n o f t h e d io c e s e m o na s t e ry or e a rld o m w i t h w h ic h t h e y w e r e c o nne c t e d ; s o w e n d t h i s c h ar t e r g ra nt e d w i t h t h e c o n s e nt o f ni ne p e rs o n s t wo o f w h o m h av e t h e s i mpl e d e s igna t i o n o f Ep is c op us wh o a re f o ll o w e d by s e v e n o t h e rs s i x o f w h o m h a v e t h e w o rd C o m e s o r Ea rl aft e r t h e ir n a m e s ; a nd t h e o nly o ne wh o i s n o t s o d e s ignat e d i s G o s p a t ric k w h o m we k no w t o h av e b e e n a t t h e t im e E a rl o f D u nb a r a nd wh o pr ob a bly re p re s e nt e d t h at p a r t o f L o t h ian a t t a ch e d t o A l e xan d e r s k ing Th e o t h e r s ix mus t o f c o urs e h a v e r e pr e s e nt e d t h e d om d is t rict s o f t ran sm a r ine S c ot land wh i c h pr op e rly fo rm e d A l e x a n d e r s d o m i n io n s We t h us n d i n h is r e ign a b o dy c ons t it u t e d s om e w h a t s im il a rly t o t h at p o r t io n o f t h e Wi t e nage m o t o f t h e S ax o n m o narc h s a nd e x e rc is i ng s im ilar 29 Th e s ix p e rs o ns h o w e v e r wh o b e a r t h e t it l e o f fu nct io ns C o m e s a re Be t h M a llus M a d a c h Ro t h ri G a rt na c h a n d D ufaga n a nd o f t h e s e w e c a n i d e nt i fy fo ur M a l lus is n u d o ub t e dly t h e M a llus Co m e s S t ra d arniae o r E a rl o f S t ra t h e rne ,
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arl ie s t c h ar t e rs i n K ing D a v i d s r e ig n we nd a sl igh t c h a nge i n t h e p o s it i o n o f t h e s e c omi t e s It i s t h e firs t o f D a v i d s c h a r t e rs t o t h e m o nas t e ry o f D unfe rm l ine a nd i n t h i s c h a r t e r ve b is h o ps a pp e ar wh o al o ne pr e fix t o t h e i r n am e s t h e w o rd Ego a n d a d d t h e t it l e o f Ep iS OOp u s S i mply w i t h t h e w o rd c onfirm e d ; a n d t h e n f o ll o ws a l i s t o f h uj u s p rivile g ii t e s t e s n a m e s o f p e rs o n s wh o a re sa i d t o b e a n d t h e s e a re h e ad e d by Ed e t a sse rt o re s ve e arls — viz Co m e s C o ns t a n t in u s C o m e s M a l is e C o m e s Ro t h e ri C o m e s 33 Th e l a s t t h r e e a re o bv i o usly t h e sam e a nd M a d e t h C o m e s w i t h t h r e e o f t h e e arls who subscrib e t h e S c o ne c h ar t e r a nd wh o we h av e s e e n h ad b e e n M o rm a e rs o f S t ra t h e rn e M ar C o ns t a nt in a pp e a rs in a subs e qu e nt c h ar t e r a nd A t h o ll w h e r e K i ng D av i d g ra nt s t o D un fe rmlin t he w h o l e sh y re o f K irkcaldy w h ic h Ea rl Co ns t a nt ine h e ld fr o m t h e m by fo rc e i n p e rp e t u a l c h arit y a nd t h i s c h a r t e r i s s i mply w i t ne ss e d by M a d e t h C o m e s M a l is t h r e e b i s h o ps a n d t h r e e e a rls — viz 34 C o n s t an t i n h o w e v e r app e a rs i n t wo C o m e s H e a d Co m e s d o cum e nt s i n t h e C h ar t ul a ry o f S t A ndr e ws i n w h i c h h e i s d e scri b e d a s Ea rl o f Fi fe I n t h e firs t w h ic h i s t h e m e m o so n o f M a lc o lm k i n ra nd u m o f t h e g ra nt by Ed e l ra d o f g S c o t lan d a bb o t o f D u nk e ld a nd a ls o Earl o f Fi fe o f t h e l a n ds o f A d more i t i s sa i d t o h av e b e e n c o nfirm e d by hi s bro t h e rs D av i d a nd A l e xa nd e r i n p re s e nt ia mul t o rum v ir o rum d e d ig norum sc ilic e t C o ns t a nt i ni Co mit is d e Fy f v i ri T he s e c o n d i s a p e ra mbul a t io n o f t h e b o u n d d is c re t issim i arie s o f K irk ne ss a nd Loc h o re w h e n t h e k ing s e n ds h is m e ss e ng e rs t h r o ugh t h e pro v inc e o f Fy f a nd Fo t hri t hi a nd o ne o f
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r e ig n o f D a v i d t h e Firs t t h e s e e arls app e a r s im ply w it h t h e d e s ign at ion Of C o m e s w it h o u t a ny t e rrit o r ia l add it io n w i t h t wo e xc e p t io n s w h i c h o ccur t o wards I n t h e e a rl ie s t c h a r t e r t h e e a rls wh o t h e e n d o f h is r e ig n w i t ne ss i t am ong w h o m i s C o ns t a nt i n a re fo ll o w e d by o t h e r w it ne ss e s p a r t ly o ffic e rs o f s t a t e a s t h e c h a n c e ll o rs par t ly N o rman b a ro n s a n d a fe w C e l t ic n am e s w h i c h h a v e n o d e s ig na t io n a nd t h e firs t w it ne ss wh o fo ll o ws t h e e arls a nd p re c e d e s t h e c h a nc e ll o r i s G ille mic h e l M a k d u f I n t h e fou nd a t i on c h ar t e r o f H o lyr o o d g r a n t e d n o t l o ng af t e r h e fo ll o ws t h e c h a nc e ll o r a n d t h e c h a mb e rl a in as G i ll e mic h e l C o m e s a nd i n a subs e qu e nt c h a r t e r t o D u n fe rml in e h e ag a i n pr e c e d e s I n a c h a r t e r i n t h e Bo o k t h e m a s G ill e m ic h e l C o m e s d e Fi f o f D e e r w h i c h mus t h a v e b e e n g r a n t e d i n t h e las t y e ar o f D av i d s r e ign t h e e a rl wh o s u cc e e d e d G ill e m ic h e l a pp e ars as D un c h a d C o m e s d e Fi f a n d a l o ng w it h hi m fo r t h e firs t t im e app e a rs G ill e b rid e Co m e s d e A ngus G ille mic h e l h a s usu a lly b e e n supp o s e d t o b e t h e so n o f C o ns t a nt in b u t t h is h a s ar is e n s ol e ly fro m t h e pr e c o nc e i ve d no t io n t h at a ll t h e a n c ie nt Ea rls T h e r e is h o w e v e r n o o f F i fe b o r e t h e n am e o f M a cduff e v i d e n c e o f a ny c o n n e c t i o n b e t w e e n t h e m a n d i t is o bv i o usly qu it e i nc o ns is t e nt w i t h t h e c h a rac t e r o f t h e i r app e ara nc e as wi t ne ss e s in t h e sam e c h a rt e r T h e r e is no d o ub t t h at D a v i d s obj e c t o n his acc e ss io n t o 1 1 f 13 333 I t t h e t h r o ne was t o fe ud a l is e t h e w h o l e k ingd o m by i mp o r t i ng f ud l i e l 31 1 fe udal fo rms a nd fe ud a l h o ld ing s i nt o i t a nd t o pl a c e t h e 5 132 3 l e ad ing d ignit a rie s o f t h e k ingd o m i n t h e p o s it io n o f C ro w n v a ss a ls a s w e ll as t o i nt ro duc e a N o rma n bar o n age T h e r e l at io n o f t h o s e o l d C e l t ic e arls o r M orma e rs t o wards t h e C r o w n o n t h e o n e h a n d h a d h it h e r t o b e e n pure ly o i c ia l a nd t h at t o wards t h e d i s t r i c t s w i t h w h i c h t h e ir na m e s w e r e c o n D ur ing t h e
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was no t a pur e ly t e rr it o r ial o ne I t was m o r e a re la t i on t o wards t he t r ib e s wh o p e o pl e d it t h an t o w a rds t he D av i d s d e s ire c e r t a i nly w o u l d b e t o pl a c e t h e m la nd wh e ne v e r o pp o rt u ni t y o ffe r e d i n t he p o s it ion o f h o ld ing t h e land t h e y w e re o f ci ally c o nne c t e d w i t h a s a n e arld o m o f t h e C r o w n i n c h ie f i n t h e sam e ma nne r as t he baro n s h e ld t h e ir baro nie s a nd i n t h e s e cas e s h e may h av e i nau g ura t e d t h e p ol icy u nd o ub t e dly fo ll o w e d as we s h all s e e by h is succ e ss o rs G ill e mic h e l M acdu ff fro m his p o s it io n i n t he e arl i e s t c h art e r mus t h av e h e l d a h ig h p o s it ion as a foll o we r o f t he k ing a nd may h a v e r e n d e r e d him g re at s e rvi c e s w hic h l e ge n d dr e w b a ck t o t h e usurpat io n o f t h e t h ro ne of h is an c e s t o r D u nca n by M acb e t h a n d l e d t o t h e cr e a t io n o f t h e fic t it i o us M ac d u ff wh o m a k e s his firs t app e ara nc e in Fo rd u n s C h r o ni cl e a n d af t e r C o ns t a nt in s d e a t h G il le mi c h e l may firs t h a v e h a d t h e p e rs o nal t it l e o f C o m e s o r Earl b e s t o w e d up o n h im a n d t h e n b e e n fe udally in v e s t e d w i t h t h e Earld o m o f Fi fe w h i c h t h us ma y h av e b e c o m e a t e rrit o r ial t i t l e i n hi s p e r s o n I t c e r t ain ly d id s o i n t h a t o f h is succ e ss o r D u n ca n wh o r e c e iv e d fr o m D av i d a c h a rt e r o f t h e e arld o m w h i c h w a s c o nfir m e d t o h i s 37 t h e e i n succ e ss ors by subs qu e nt k g s ; a nd a s im ilar fe ud a l i nv e s t it ur e o f t h e e arld o m o f A ng us i n t h e p e rs o n o f G illi brid e may h av e add e d t h a t Ol d C e l t i c e arld o m l ik e w is e t o t h e nd t h e o ld e r e arld o ms numb e r as fr o m t h i s t i m e w h e n we s t ill c o nfe rring n o t e rr it o ria l d e s ig nat i o n o n t h e ir e a rls G illi bri d e i nvar iably app e ars al ong w i t h t h e m as Ea rl o f A ngus D uring t h e e arl ie r par t o f t h e r e ig n o f M alc olm IV n o c h a nge a pp e ars t o h a v e b e e n mad e i n t h e p o s it io n o f t h e His firs t c h a rt e r af t e r his acc e ss i o n ap e x is t ing e arld o ms p e ars t o h av e b e e n h is c om rma t io n o f t h e grant s t o t he .
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p o ss i bly w e ll f o un d e d a cc o rd ing t o t h e c a no n law was no t r e c og nis e d a s suc h by t h e C e l t i c cus t o ms a nd a n a rra n e m e nt s e e ms t o h av e b e e n c o m e t o by w h i c h M o rg u nd g a g r e e d t o r e c e i v e fr o m t h e k i n i t i t o f t h e e arld o m v s ur t h e n e e g as a fe udal h o ld ing w h il e t h e cl a ims o f t h e r iv a l par t y w e r e sat isfi e d by a large t ract o f lan d b e t w e e n t h e r i v e rs D e e a n d D o n w h ic h was w i t h d raw n fr o m t h e e a rld o m a nd b e c a m e t h e pr o pe r t y o f t h e D urwards T h e r e i s pr e s e rv e d a d e e d by K ing Will iam i n w h i c h h e n arrat e s t h a t M orgund so n o f G illo c h e r fo rm e rly E arl o f M a r a pp e are d b e fo r e h im i n J u ne 1 1 7 1 a n d was i n v e s t e d w i t h t h e e a rld o m o f M a r in w h i c h h i s f a t h e r h a d d i e d v e s t a n d s e i z e d a n d w h i c h wa s n o w 43 n t e t h i ra d o m n d h i h rs w h a s v r a s ei I t m ay p e rh aps t oe e g b e d oub t e d w h e t h e r t h is i s a n o r ig inal d e e d ; b u t t h e r e c a n b e l it t l e d o ub t t h a t i t c o nt a i ns t h e r e c o rd o f a r e al t ra nsac t io n by w h i c h t h e e a rld o m wa s c o nv e r t e d i nt o a pur e ly fe udal h o ld ing w h ich l ik e a ll suc h h old ing s cr e at e d a t t h is t im e was d e sc e n dibl e t o h e irs fe mal e T h e p o l i cy f o ll o w e d by K in E ld o ms W ll a w h r rd i m i i t a t e o g g t h e s e e arld o ms was c h e ck e d for a t im e by t h e u n fo rt u n at e SEE M L ve n h r e sul t Of h is a t t e mp t i n 1 1 7 4 t o r e c o v e r p o ss e ss io n o f t h e no r t h e r n pr o v i nc e s o f En la n d w h e n h e was t ak e n pr i s o ne r g a n d o nly r e c o v e r e d h is l ib e r t y by surr e n d e ri n d h n t i e e g p e nd e n c e o f his k ing d o m b u t s o o n a ft e r h is l ib e r a t io n w h e n h e r e t urne d t o S c o t l a n d h e app e a rs t o h av e cr e a t e d t wo ne w e arld o ms w h i c h h e b e s t o w e d up on h is bro t h e r D av i d Th e firs t was t h e e arld o m o f G a rv a c h o r G a rri o c h i n A b e r y d e e nshire fo rm e d fro m t h e d is t ri c t s surr o u n d in t h e a n c ie nt g fo r t ificat io n o f D unid e e r a nd e xt e nd i ng b e t w e e n t h e r iv e r D o n a nd i t s t ri bu t ary t h e U ry Th e s e c o n d wa s t h e e arld o m o f Le ve na c h o r L e nno x a nd c on s i s t d o f t h e e no r t h e r n par t o f T h is d e d h a s hith e rto b e e n p in t d wa s fou n d m ong h is p pe rs k n o wn on ly by i t s b e in g p r i n t d by a n d is n o w in t h e l i b a y a t L i n c o l n s S e ld e n in h is T i t le s o I V fo r a n I nn S e e A pp e n d i x N f H o no u ; b u t t h e d o c u m e nt f o m whi h h a c c o u n t o f thi s c h a t t h o ug h
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k i ngd o m w h ic h app e a rs t o h av e r e c e iv e d a G a e l ic p o pula t i o n a nd is ne arly r e pr e s e nt e d by t h e c o u nt y o f D umbar t o n “ T h e s e d is t r i c t s w e r e pr ob a bly a t t h e t im e in t h e h a nds o f t h e Cr o w n Th e e arld o m Of G a rvy a c h pass e d o n D av i d s d e a t h t o his s o n J o h n t h e S c o t aft e r w h o s e d e a t h i t ag a in r e v e r t e d t o t h e C ro w n a nd was e v e nt ually g ra nt e d as a l o rds h ip t o t h e e arls o f M a r T h e e arld o m o f Le ve na c h d oe s no t app e ar t o h av e re m a ine d l o ng i n Earl D av i d s p os s e ss io n as we nd i t e m e rg ing i n t h e p o ss e ss io n o f a l ine o f C e l t i c e a rls t h e firs t o f w h o m A lu i n mus t h av e r e c e i v e d it a s e arly as t h e y e ar 1 1 9 3 Earl D av i d was i n v e s t e d w it h t h e Eng l i s h e arld o m o f Hu nt ing d o n o n t h e d e a t h o f i t s t h e n p o ss e ss o r S i m o n d e S e nl i s i n 1 1 8 4 a nd it i s pr o babl e t h a t o n t h a t o cc a s io n h e r e s i ne d t h e e a rld o m o f L e n n o x i n fav o ur g "5 o f t h e h e a d o f i t s G a e l i c p o pula t io n I n 1 1 7 9 Will iam t h e L io n br o u gh t t h e p e o pl e o f Ro ss u nd e r m or e c o mpl e t e subj e c t i on t o t h e C r o w n a nd bu il t t wo r oy a l cas t l e s w it h in i t s b o u nds b u t h e app e ars t o h av e r e t a ine d t h e e arld o m i n h is o wn h a nds as t h e C o u nt o f H o ll a n d c o mplain s t h at h e h ad b e e n d e pr iv e d o f i t al t h o ugh h e h a d n e v e r b e e n fo rfe i t e d His g ri e van c e was pr o bably n o t a v e ry subs t a nt i al o n e as it i s v e ry u nl ik e ly t h a t h e e i t h e r h a d Ob t a ine d o r c o ul d o b t ai n prac t i cal p o ss e ss io n o f i t S e v e n y e ars af t e r t h e k ing f o rm e d a s e c o n d e arld o m o ut o f t h e t e rrit o ry o f t h e o l d C umbr ia n k i ng d o m a t i t s s o u t h w e s t e r n e x t re m it y w h e r e it b o rd e r e d up o n t h e G a e l i c d is t ri c t o f G a ll o w a y a nd app e a rs t o h av e r e c e iv e d a G a e l i c p o pu l a t io n fr o m t h e nc e T h is was t h e d is t r ic t o f C arri ck w hi c h h e ,
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b e s t o w e d as a n e arld o m u p on D u nc a n son o f G i lb e r t a nd g ra n ds o n o f F e rg us t h e C e l t i c L o rd o f G all o way T e n y e ars aft e r t h is h e t o o k adv a nt ag e o f t h e slau gh t e r Of E l d m i c thn t he b i s h o p o f C a it h ne ss b y g t h e N o rw e g ia n e arl o f Ork ne y a nd C ai t h ne ss t o e x t e n d h is p o w e r o v e r t h a t d i s t r i c t l ik e w is e a nd t o r e duc e i t s e a rl t o subm iss i o n Har a ld t h e e arl a t t h i s t im e was not a v e ry d is t a nt r e la t ion o f t h e k i ng by pa t e r nal d e sc e nt b e i ng t h e s o n of M a d ac h e arl o f A t h oll w h o s e fa t h e r was a br ot h e r o f M a lc o lm t he T h ird b ut h e in h e ri t e d t h e e arld o m o f Ork ne y t o w h i c h C a it h n e ss a t t h is t i m e wa s a t t ac h e d t h r o u g h h is m o t h e r M a rg a r e t t h e dau g h t e r o f a pr e v io us e a rl o f N o r we gia n d e sc e nt a nd h e h a d marr ie d a d a u gh t e r o f M a lc ol m M a c H e t h t h e s o call e d e a rl o f M o r a y a nd was t h us ass o cia t e d w it h t h a t fam ily in t h e i r o p po s it io n t o t h e Cr o wn Th e r e sul t o f t wo s e para t e i nvas io n s o f C ai t h ne ss by t h e r oyal ar m y was t h a t C a it h ne ss n o r t h o f t h e gr e a t r a ng e call e d t h e 0 rd o f C a it h n e ss was e v e nt u a lly r e s t o r e d t o E a rl Harald t o b e h e l d by him o n paym e nt t o t h e C r o w n o f a larg e sum o f m o ne y Wh il e t h e d is t ri ct s o u t h o f t h a t rang e w h ic h h a s t h e No r we g ia n n a m e o f S ud rla nd o r S u t h e rl a nd wa s r e t a i ne d by t h e k ing a nd b e s t o w e d up o n Hug o a sc io n o f t h e h o us e o f D e M o rav i a as a l o rds h ip a nd e v e nt u a lly m a d e a n e a rld o m i n t he p e rs o n o f h is s o n Will ia m B e fo r e t h e d e a t h o f Wi ll i am o n e o f t h e o ld C e l t i c e arld o ms h ad p a ss e d by succ e ss i on in t o t h e h a nds o f a f o r e ig n bar o n for W ill ia m C umy n t h e h e a d o f t h e N o rma n h o us e o f t h at n am e b e c a m e p o ss e ss e d o f t h e e a rld o m o f Buc h a n by h is m a rri a e w i t h M arj o ry dau h t e r g g Of F e r g us t h e las t o f t h e C e l t i c e arls A l e xa nd e r t h e S e c o nd t h e s ucc e ss o r o f W i ll i am fo ll o w e d S v n E ] in t he o ut t h e sam e p o l i cy b ut dur in i r w h s a d t n ng h i i i t s n n o t e ig n f g g t h e i n cr e as e i n t h e n umb e r o f t h e e arld o ms a n d t h e fe udal i j é z gfl é sat ion o f s o m e o f t h e ol d e r o ne s we nd t h e s e v e n e arls o f S c o t la nd fre qu e nt ly mak i ng t h e i r a pp e a r a nc e a ppar e n t ly as a c o ns t it u t iona l b o dy W h o s e pri vil e ge s w e r e r e c o g nis e d T h e y ,
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firs t app e ar as t ak ing a n imp o r t a nt par t in t h e c o r onat ion o f A l e xa nd e r a s k ing o f S c o t l a nd a nd t h e n c o ns is t e d o f t h e e arls o f Fi fe S t ra t he rne A t h o ll A ngu s M e nt e a t h Buc h a n 46 a nd L o t h ia n Wi t h t h e e xc e p t io n o f M e nt e a t h w h ic h was a m o r e r e c e n t e a rld o m t h e s e a re t h e sam e e arld o ms w h o s e e arls g av e t h e ir c o ns e n t t o t h e f o u n d a t io n c h a r t e r o f S c o ne ; b ut M e nt e a t h c o m e s no w i n plac e o f M a r p e r h a ps o w ing t o t h e c o nt r o v e rsy a s t o t h e r igh t ful p o ss e ss o r o f t h e la t t e r e arld o m a n d Buc h a n w a s as we h av e s e e n n o w h e ld by a N o rma n bar o n A no t h e r o f t h e s e a n c i e nt e arld o ms h o w e v e r s oo n a ft e r t e rm in at e d i n t h e m a l e l ine a nd t h i s ra i s e d a qu e s t io n w h i c h t h r o ws s o m e l ig h t up o n t h e i r c h a r a c t e r a n d r e la t i o n t o t h e law o f fe udal t e n ur e s W h e n F e rg us t h e l a s t o f t h e o ld C e l t i c e arls o f Buc h a n d ie d i n t h e e n d o f K i ng Wi lli am s r e ig n t h e r e s e e ms t o h av e b e e n no d o ub t t h a t t h e e arld o m d e v o lv e d up o n his dau gh t e r M a rj o ry w h ich S h e carri e d t o h e r h usban d Will ia m C umy n b u t w h e n H e nry t h e las t o f t h e o ld Ea rls o f A t h o ll d ie d s oo n af t e r t h e acc e ss io n o f A l e xan d e r t h e S e c o n d his h e irs w e r e t wo s is t e rs I s a b e lla a n d F o rflissa a nd t h e qu e s t i o n a t o n c e ar o s e w h e t h e r t h e e arld o m wa s p a r t ibl e b e t w e e n t h e m as was t h e cas e w i t h a ny fe udal bar o ny o r w h e t h e r it d e v o lv e d in i t s e nt ir e t y up on t h e e ld e r s is t e r I sab e ll a wh o h a d marrie d T h o mas o f G all o way br o t h e r o f A l a n L o rd o f G all o way T h i s qu e s t i o n a nd t h e d e c is i o n o f t h e Ca ri a r eg i s o r r o yal c o ur t c o ns is t ing o f t h e t e n an t s i n c h ie f o f t h e C r o w n a re i n c i d e nt a lly m e nt i o ne d w h e n t h e sa m e d iscuss io n t o o k plac e b e fo r e Edward t h e Fi rs t b e t w e e n t h r e e Of t h e c o mp e t i t o rs fo r t h e cro w n o n t h e d e at h T h e s e w e r e J o h n Bal io l wh o o f t h e M a i d o f N o rw a y claim e d as grands o n o f M a rg ar e t t h e e ld e s t daugh t e r o f D avi d e arl o f Hu n t ing d o n ; Ro b e rt d e Bruc e wh o cl a i m e d as n d e Has t ings s o n o f his s e c o n d dau h t e r I s a b e ll a J h n d o a g as grands on o f A d a t h e y o u nge s t dau gh t e r Th e c omp e t it io n ,
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F o rd un , Chro n
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cr o w n cam e e v e n t u a lly t o b e b e t w e e n B al io l wh o cl a im e d a s r e pr e s e nt ing Ea rl D a v i d t h r o u g h h is e ld e s t d a ug ht e r a nd Bruc e wh o ass e r t e d t h a t b e ing h is grands o n h e was o ne s t e p n e are r a nd s h o uld b e pr e fe rre d t o his gr e a t t n ne c t e d t h r o u h ra n ds w i h s a n d i n t h a t h was h us c o n e o n o t t t g g g J o hn d e H a s t ings who lik e Bal iol t h e s e c o n d dau gh t e r s t o o d o nly i n t h e r e lat ion o f gre at g ran ds on adm it t e d t h e righ t o f t h e la t t e r t o t h e t h r o ne if t h e k ing d o m was main t a in e d in i t s e nt ir e t y b ut ass e r t e d t h a t b e ing h e ld u nd e r t h e E ngl is h C ro w n it wa s par t ibl e l ik e a ny o t h e r fe udal h o ld ing a n d t h a t h e o u h t t o b e pr e fe rr e d t o o n e t h ird o f t h e t e rrit o ry g o f t h e k ing d o m ; a nd Ro b e r t Bruc e p u t i n a fur t h e r cla im t h at i n t h e e v e nt o f h is rig h t t o t h e w h o l e b e ing r e j e c t e d h e wa s l ik e w i s e e nt it l e d t o o n e t h ird His argum e nt was t h is T h e l a n d o f S c o t la nd alb e it i t i s call e d a k ing d o m o u g h t t o b e p a r t ibl e by r e as o n t h a t t h e e v e nt w h i c h h a s no w h app e n e d t o S c ot l a n d s e e ing t h a t i t i s h e ld in fe e o f o u r l o rd t h e k i ng o f En la n d by h o ma e i s n o o t h e r t h a n S i m i l a r t o w h a t it g g w o uld h av e b e e n as t o a n e arld o m or a b a ro ny o f t h e r e al m nd if a n A o f En lan d w h i c h h a d d e sc e n d e d i n suc h cas e g e a rld o m o r b a r o ny h ad d e sc e n d e d t o t h r e e d a u g h t e rs w i t h t h e i ssu e o f t h e m e ac h w o uld h a v e h e r purp a r t s e e ing t h a t t h e t h r e e daught e rs r e pr e s e nt b u t o n e h e i r o f a ll t h e h e ri t age o f t h e i r fa t h e r ; so t h a t no adva n t ag e o u gh t t o accru e u nt o t h e e ld e s t or u nt o t h e i ssu e o f h e r e xc e p t s o l e ly t h e n a m e o f 47 T he t h e d ignit y a nd e sp e c ia lly o f t h e c h i e f m e ssuage k ing o f Englan d r e fe rre d t h is qu e s t ion t o t h e e igh t y S c ot c h a rb it e rs wh o h ad b e e n e l e c t e d by t h e par t ie s wh o w e re firs t w h e t h e r t h e k ingd o m o f S c o t la nd i s a sk e d t o d e c i d e par t ibl e ; s e c on d al t h ou g h i t b e t h a t t h e k i ngd o m i s n o t part ibl e w h e t h e r t he lands acqu ir e d a nd t h e e sc h e at s a re ,
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W ill e l mi Rish a ng e r Chr oni c a
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par t ibl e o r no t The t h ird w h e t h e r t h e e arld o ms a nd t h e bar o nie s o f t h e k ing d o m a re par t ibl e o f r igh t ; a nd t h e fo ur t h s e e i ng t h a t t h e k ingd o m i s no t par t ibl e i n cas e t h e r igh t t o t h e k ing d o m f a lls t o dau gh t e rs w h e t h e r a ny c o ns id e rat io n o u gh t t o b e pa i d t o t h e y o u n e r o ne s by r e as o n o f t h e e qual it y g o f r igh t w h i c h d e sc e nd e d t o all as t h o u h i n a c k no wl e d g g m e nt o f t h e ir righ t T h is d iscuss ion o nly b e ars u p o n o u r subj e c t i n so far as i t a ffe c t s t h e p o s it ion i n t h is r e sp e c t Of t h e o ld e arld o ms a n d i t i s u nne c e ssary t o r e fe r t o t h e answ e rs o f t h e a rb it e rs e xc e p t t o t h e t h ird a nd fo ur t h qu e s t io ns To t h e t h ird t h e y say t h a t a n e a rld o m i n t h e k ing d o m o f S c o t la n d i s n o t p a r t ibl e ; a nd t h is wa s f o u n d by j ud gm e n t i n t he C o ur t o f t h e k i ng o f S c o t la n d as t o t h e e arld o m o f A s t h e le s o r A t h o ll ; b ut as t o bar o ni e s t h e y say t h a t t h e y are p a r t ibl e To t he f o ur t h t h e y say t h a t as t o a k ing d o m t h e y n e v e r saw t he li k e ; b ut i f a n e arld o m falls t o d a u g h t e rs i n S c ot l a nd t h e e ld e s t t ak e s i t w h o lly B ut if e it h e r o f t h e o t h e r s is t e rs h a s n o t b e e n pr o vi d e d for i n t h e l i fe o f t h e fa t h e r i t i s pr o p e r t h a t t h e e ld e s t wh o t ak e s t h e i nh e r i t an c e mak e s h e r a p a y “ 8 m e nt a nd ass ig n m e nt A n d t h i s i s o f gra c e no t o f r igh t T h e y t h us ad o p t t h e argum e nt o f Ro b e r t t h e Bruc e as t o bar onie s b ut n o t as t o e a rld o ms I t i s h o w e v e r u nl ik e ly t h a t t h e e ig h t y a rb i t e rs fo r t y o f w h o m w e r e n am e d by Ba l i o l a nd fo r t y by Bruc e s h o uld h av e b e e n u na n i m o us i n r e j e c t in g t h e cla i m o f t h e lat t e r ; a n d t h e qual ifica t io n c o nt ai ne d i n t he fo ur t h a nsw e r h as muc h t h e app e a ra n c e o f a c o mpr o m is e b e t w e e n t wo c o nfl ic t ing vi e ws a nd l ik e m o s t c o mpr o m is e s is i n c o n s i s t e nt w i t h t h e gr o u n ds up o n w h i c h e it h e r mus t b e bas e d I n p oint o f fa c t b ot h vi e ws h ad a subs t an c e of t ru t h in t h e m S O far as t h e Old C e l t i c e arld o ms o f t h e k ing d o m w e r e c o nc e r ne d t h e arb it e rs pr ono u n c e d a c o rr e c t j ud g m e nt fo r suc h e arld o ms w e r e ra t h e r o ffic ial a n d p e rs o n al t h an t e rri t o ria l d ignit ie s a nd t h e t e rr it o ry o f t h e e arld o m w h ic h aft e r .
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ly o ne o f t h e s e v e n pr o vinc e s w h i c h was r e qu ir e d t o b e br ou gh t i nt o mo r e d ir e c t c o nn e c t io n w it h t h e C r o w n was t h e g r e at d is t r ic t o f A rreg a i the l o r A rgyll a nd e arly i n his r e ign A l e x a n d e r a nne x e d t h e no r t h e rn p a r t t o t h e e arld o m o f Ro ss a nd plac e d t h a t e arld o m i n p o ss e ss io n o f a d e v o t e d ad h e r e nt o f his p e rs o n T he d is t r ic t fo rm ing wh a t was t h e n call e d N o r t h A rgyll c o ns is t e d i n a g r e at m e asur e o f t h e t e rr i t o ry o f t h e o l d a nd p o w e rful C e l t i c m o na s t e ry o f A p e rc ro s s a n a nd h ad pass e d i nt o t h e h a nds o f a fam ily o f h e r e d it ary lay a bb o t s wh o t e rm e d t h e ms e lv e s S a g a r ts o r pr ie s t s o f A ppl e cr o ss a nd F e rq ua rd M ac int agg a rt o r t h e s on o f t h e S ag a r t k suppr ss o r pri e s t wh o h ad ai d e d t h e y o u n i n i n i n e g g g an insurr e c t io n o f t h e G a e l i c p e o pl e o f M o ra y a nd Ro ss i n sup p o rt of t h e pr e t e ns io ns o f t h e M acwi lliam a nd M a c He t h fam il ie s in t h e e a rly p a r t o f his r e ign was no w cr e a t e d Earl o f Ro ss whic h t h us b e c a m e a fe udal e arld o m h e ld o f t h e C r o w n 53 by a fam ily wh o w e r e am o ng i t s m o s t l oyal supp o r t e rs Th e i nsurr e c t io n w h i c h t oo k plac e a fe w y e ars af t e r i n fav our o f G ill e spi e mac Eo c h a ga n als o o f t h e fa m ily o f M a c W ill i am le d t o t h e r e s t Of t his g re a t d is t ri c t b e i ng subdu e d T he a nd br o ug h t i nt o t h e sam e r e lat i on w it h t h e C r o w n king we a re t old by Fo rd u n l e d a n army int o A rgyll T h e S om e g av e ho s t a ge s a nd a m e n o f A rgyll w e r e frigh t e ne d r a t d e al o f m o ne y a nd w e r e t ak e n back i n p e ac e w h il e e g o t h e rs wh o h ad m o r e o ffe n d e d a g a in s t t h e k i ng s w ill f o rs o o k Bu t o ur l o rd t h e k ing t h e i r e s t a t e s a nd p o ss e ss i o n s a nd fl e d b e s t o w e d b o t h t h e la nd a nd t h e g o o ds o f t h e s e m e n up o n his a t wi ll o r as Wy nt o u n e xpr e ss e s i t o wn fo ll o w e rs on
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agre e m e nt T h e s e w e re t h e e arls o f D u nb a r o f S t ra t h e rne o f L e nno x o f A n us o f M a r o f A t h o ll n ss a d n f o a d o R ; g h e re we nd t h e e arls o f Le nno x o f M a r a nd o f Ro ss c o m ing in pl a c e o f t h o s e o f F if e M e nt e a t h a nd B uc h a n b u t w h e n t h e agr e e m e nt wa s r e ne w e d s e v e n y e a rs aft e rw a rds i n 1 2 4 4 t h e s e v e n e arls wh o b e cam e b o u n d t h at K ing A l e xa nd e r w o uld o bs e rv e g o o d fait h w e r e Pat ri ck Earl o f D u nb a r M alc o lm Ea rl o f Fi fe M al is e Earl o f S t ra t h e rne Wal t e r C um yn Earl o f M e nt e a t h Will i am Ea rl o f M a r A l e x a n d e r f n n E o B a a n d D a i f y u r arl uc h v d Has s rl o e d t i n E a o e ( g ) g 56 t h e Earls o f Fi fe M e nt e a t h a nd Buc h a n ag a in A t h o ll ; app e ar ing am ong t h e m a n d t h o s e o f L e nno x A ng us a nd We t h us s e e t h at t h o ugh t h e n u mb e r o f Ro ss b e ing o m it t e d s e v e n was always r e t a in e d t h e c ons t it u e nt m e mb e rs w e r e no t alw a ys t h e sam e t he la t t e r b e ing pr o bably r e g ul a t e d by t h e r e sp e c t iv e p o s it io n s o f t h e e arld o m a t t h e t i m e for i n 1 2 3 7 t h e e arld o m o f A ng us h ad pass e d by marri ag e int o p o ss e ss io n o f o ne o f t h e p o w e rful fam i ly o f C um y n b ut h e h a d d ie d i n 1 2 42 a n d t h e C o u nt e ss o f A ng us h ad i n 1 2 4 3 r e pl a c e d him w it h a N o rma n Bar on G i lb e r t d e U mp hra vill e w h o m S h e t o o k as h e r s e c o nd h usb a n d I n t h e e lab o ra t e a n d p i c t ur e squ e acc o u nt w h i c h F ord u n v s us f h c o r o n a t io n o f A l e x a n d e r t h e T h i rd wh e n a o t e i e g b oy o f e ig h t y e ars o l d h e d oe s no t giv e t h e s e v e n e a rls as a b o dy a part in t h e c e re m onial b ut s i mply says t h at t h e r oyal b oy was acc o mp a ni e d by a numb e r o f e arls b a r o ns a nd knig h t s The only e a rls h e m e nt io ns by n am e a re W a l t e r C umy n Earl o f M e nt e a t h M alc o lm Earl o f Fi fe a n d M a l i s e Earl o f S t ra t h e rne ; b ut i t is pr o babl e t h at i n a c o r o na t io n i n w h ic h t h e C e l t ic e l e m e nt l oo m e d so larg e ly h e did no t int e nd t o i mply t h a t t h is b o dy d id n o t pl a y t h e sam e part w h i c h t h e y d id i n t h e c o r o n a t io n o f hi s fa t h e r ; a nd t h is we may r e as o nably infe r for h e t e l ls t h a t i n t h e s e c o nd y e ar o f h is .
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s o l e mn c e r e m o ny t o o k plac e a t D u n fe rml ine w h e n i n t h e pre s e n c e o f b is h o ps a n d a bb o t s e arls a n d bar o n s a nd o t h e r go o d m e n b o t h cl e r i cs a n d lay m e n t h e r e l i cs o f S a in t M a rg ar e t w e re e ns h ri ne d a t D u n fe rml ine Th e r e c o rd o f t h is t r a nsac t i o n i n t h e C h a r t ul a ry o f D u n fe rml in e b e a rs t h a t i t wa s d o n e i n pr e s e n c e o f t h e s e v e n b is h o ps a n d s e v e n e a rls o f 57 I t i s o bvi o us h o w e v e r t h a t t h is b o dy o f t h e S co t l an d s e ve n e a rls w e r e g radu a lly l o s ing t h e ir s e p a r a t e c orp o r a t e e x is t e n c e a n d w e r e n o l o ng e r a bl e t o m a i n t ai n i n t h i s r e i n g t h e fu nc t io n s t h e y e x e rc i s e d i n pr e vi o us r e ig ns fo r w h e n t h e succ e ss i on t o t h e t h r o ne was s e t t l e d up o n t h e d a u gh t e r o f n d t h e m m e rg e d i n t h e A l e x a n d e r i n 1 2 8 4 we n e ral e g c o mm uni t a s o r fe ud a l c o m m u ni t y o f t h e k i n d o m i n w h i c h g t he e nt i r e b o dy o f t h e e arls n o w a m o u nt ing t o t hi r t e e n a pp e a r Th e y t a k e a par t b u t a ppar e nt ly n o t a n i nflu e nt ia l o n e i n t he d iscuss io ns t h at t oo k pl a c e a ft e r t h e d e a t h o f t h e M a i d o f Norw a y b e t w e e n t h e c o m p e t it o rs for t h e cr o w n ; a nd pr o b a bly t h e l a s t a t t e mp t t h e y m a d e t o r e p o ss e ss t h e m s e lv e s o f t h e imp o r t a nt p o s it i o n t h e y fo r m e rly o ccup i e d i n t h e a ffa irs o f t h e k i ng d o m wa s w h e n i n 1 2 9 7 t h e y i n c o nj u nc t i o n w i t h J o h n Comyn o f Bad e n o c h i n vad e d E ng l a n d a t t h e h e a d o f a p o w e rful ar m y w h i c h m e t in A n na n d a l e a n d b e s i e g e d C a rl i sl e The s e v e n e a rls e nga g e d i n t h i s e xp e d i t io n w e r e t h e e a rls o f Buc h a n M e nt e a t h S t ra t h e rne L e nn o x Ro ss A t h o ll a n d 58 M ar ; b u t t h e a t t e m p t r e sul t e d d i s a s t r o usl y fo r t h e m for t h e y w e r e o bl ig e d t o r a i s e t h e s i e g e a n d r e t ur n t o S c o t l a n d ; a nd t h e n a a i n ass e mbl i n t R o xbur h t h e y m a d e a s e c o n d a g g g r a i d i nt o t he e a s t e r n p a r t o f Engl a n d a s far a s t h e pri o ry o f He xh a m w hi c h t h e y d e s t r oy e d a nd r e t ur n e d w it h a gr e a t 57 F o d un Ch o n d 1 87 4 v o l l e t o e x c it u v l i d o i n va ll A n n n h ae A n g l i m p 28 9 n d n ot e p 4 36 d ie f i a se c u n d a P i n g ss i v s t b nt o m ni d et Q u o t m p o e se p t m C o m it e t ti v l Sc o t i v iz d e B owa n d M e ne t e t h i n n d io e t n n p c nt r e ign
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b o o t y t o S c o t l a nd T h e y t h e n b e s ie g e d a nd t o o k t h e cas t l e o t h e k i ng o f D u nbar t he e a rl o f D u n b a r h av i n subm i t t e d t g o f Englan d b u t b e i ng b e s ie g e d by t h e Eng l is h i n t h e i r t ur n t hose o f t h e cas t l e w as t a k e n a nd t h r e e o f t h e e a rls viz M e nt e a t h A t h o ll a nd Ro ss w e r e t ak e n pri s o ne rs wit h J o h n C o my n a nd ve o t h e r b a r o ns w i t h t w e nt y nine k nigh t s t wo cl e ri cs a nd e igh t y t h r e e e squ ir e s a nd c o nfi ne d i n d iffe r e nt 59 cas t l e s i n Engl a ii d A f t e r t h i s we h e a r no m o r e o f t h e s e v e n e a rls o f A s a c o ns t it u t io na l b ody p o ss e ss ing or clai m S c o t la n d i ng t o p o ss e ss s e par a t e pri vi l e ge s t h e y are m e rg e d in t h e n o mm u ni t a s e g ni o r Es t a t e s o f t h e k i n d o m ral r C e e g g t h e fe ud a l C u ri a r e g is c o n s i s t i ng o f a ll wh o h e ld l a nds i n c h ie f o f t h e C r o w n A s we h a v e s e e n w h e n t h e succ e ss ion t o t h e C r o w n wa s s e t t l e d t o wards t h e e nd o f t h e r e ig n o f A l e xan d e r t h e T h ird t h e y t ak e n o p a r t a s a s e para t e b o dy b u t a re m e rg e d i n t h e g e n e ral a ss e mbly o f t h e f e udal bar o n a e o f t h e k ing d o m c o ns i s t i ng o f t h i r t e e n e a rls a n d t w e nt y g fo ur bar o ns a nd six y e a rs af t e rwards t h e r e i s a s t ill full e r r e pr e s e nt a t i o n o f t h e Es t at e s o f t h e k ing d o m w h e n a l e t t e r is addr e ss e d t o Edw a rd t h e Firs t by t h e C ommu ni t as r e gni u r g ing h i m t o a rran g e a m a rri a g e Of his so n w i t h t h e M ai d Of N o rw a y Th e b o dy fr o m w h o m t h i s le t t e r pr o c e e ds c o ns is t s o f t h e t wo b i s h o ps o f S t A n dr e ws a n d G l a s g o w J o h n C u m y n a nd J am e s H ig h S t e w a rd t h e gu a rd ia n s o f t h e k i ng d o m ; t w e lv e o f t h e t h i r t e e n e arls t h e e a rl o f t e n d i o c e s a n b i s h o ps F i fe b e ing t h e n a m in o r ; t we nt y t h r e e abb o t s o f m o n as t e rie s 60 e l e v e n pr io rs a n d fo r t y e ig h t bar o n s h o ld i ng o f t h e C r o w n Ne it h e r d o t h e y a pp e a r as a s e parat e b o dy in t h e gre at n a t i o na l pr o t e s t addr e ss e d by t h e C o mm u ni t a s r e gni t o P o p e in 1 3 2 0 a nd s ig ne d o n t h e ir b e h alf by e igh t o f t h e e arl a n d t w e nt y e igh t o f t h e b a r o n s .
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disre g a rd e d a s b e l o ng ing t o t h e spur i o us h is t o ry o f S c o t l a nd Wh e t h e r t h e re e v e r was a t i m e w h e n i t c o uld b e s a id t h a t t h e k ing p oss e ss e d n o t h ing b ut t h e M o o t hill Of S c o ne a nd i n w h at s e ns e i t c ould b e s a id t h a t t h e w h o l e k i ng d o m was d i vi d e d i nt o t h a nag e s a nd t h a t t h e w h o l e l a nds o f t h e king d o m o n c e b e l o nge d t o t h e C ro w n i s a qu e s t i o n t h a t mus t b e d e t e rm ine d i n t h e c o urs e o f t h i s inqu iry ; b ut w h e n t h e ol d ch ro ni cl e r t e lls u s by w h a t cl a ss o f p e rs ons t h e C r o wn l a nds w e r e a c t ually p o ss e ss e d a nd by w h a t sp e c ie s o f t e nur e t h e y h e ld t h e m h e is d e a l ing w it h m a t t e rs w h ic h s t ill e xi s t e d i n his o wn day a nd t h e c h a rac t e ri s t i cs o f w h i c h h e h ad e v e ry m e ans o f asc e r t ai ning if t he y w e r e n o t p e rf e c t ly fa m il ia r t o hi m a n d h e g iv e s us a v e ry d is t in c t acc o u nt o f t h e m H e d is crim inat e s b e t w e e n t h r e e cl a ss e s o f p e rs o n s as p o ss e ss ing t h e s e l a nds Th e l o w e s t cl a ss w e r e t h e ag ri c oloe o r h usbandm e n t h e ac t ual cul t i va t o rs o f t h e s o il wh o w e r e r e gard e d as y e arly t e n an t s a nd a re n o d o ub t t h e s a m e class w it h t h o s e wh o a re t e rm e d bond i a nd n a t i o i i n fe udal c h ar t e rs The y w e re in t h e e as t e rn d is t r i c t s t h e r e main s o f t h e o l d C e l t i c p o pulat i o n Th e class n e x t a b o v e t h e m c o n s is t e d o f t h e li be r i a nd g e ne r osi wh o h e ld la n d e it h e r o n l e a s e fo r t e n o r t w e nt y y e ars o r T h e fo rm e r w e r e in l ife re nt r e n e w a bl e for o ne or t wo l iv e s pro b a bly e qu iv a l e nt t o t h e li be r i r ma ri i o r fr e e farm e rs a nd t h e la t t e r t o t h e Re n t a ll e rs o r k in dly t e nant s o f t h e fe udal h old ings The t hird class wh o h e ld d ire c t ly o f t h e C r o w n w e re e it h e r mili t es o r k n ig h t s wh o h e ld a k nig h t s fe e fo r m i l it ary s e rv i c e or t ha ni wh o h e ld a t h anag e o r p r i nc ip es o r m ag na t e s A n d h e d e fi ne s a t h ana ge t o b e a p o r t i o n o f t h e l a n d o f a pr ov in c e h e ld a d f eod o r ma m 6 4 o r in fe u fa rm t h e h o ld e r .
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ccupat io n o f t h e l a nds w h i c h fo rm e d t h e t e rrit o ry o f t h e k i ng d o m Of S c o t l a n d i n t h e r e ign o f A l e x a nd e r t h e T hi rd t h e mu t ual r e l a t io n o f t h e d iffe r e nt r a c e s by w h i c h i t was h e ld t h e c onne c t io n o f t h e C e l t i c p o r t io n o f t h e p o pulat io n wi t h t h e s o il t h e t e nur e by w h ic h t h e y p o ss e ss e d it a nd t h e d iffe r e nt class e s i n t h e ir s o c i al o r ga nisat io n w h i ch it d iscl o s e s pr e s e nt t o us t h e pr o bl e m w h i c h we h av e t o s o lv e a nd we h a v e no w t o t rac e t h e h i s t o ry o f t h e e a rly ins t it ut io ns fro m w h i c h i t s p h e no m e na w e r e d e riv e d a nd t h e e x t e nt t o w h ic h t h e y h av e b e e n affe c t e d by i nt e r n al c h a ng e o r by e x t e r nal in flu e n c e But b e f o r e e nt e ring up o n t h is i n qu iry i t may b e w e ll t o s e e w h a t l e g e n d o r t r a d i t io n t e lls us w it h r e ard t o t h e C e l t i c g p o r t io n o f t h e p o pulat io n w i t h w h ic h we h a v e n o w mai nly t o do S uc h l e ge n ds o r t rad it io ns a re e i t h e r i nt e nd e d as a m e a n s o f c o nv e y in i n a h s m rly f c s h s ry f t e rac e t o e e a t i n t i o o a h e g p o pular fo rm o r o f cl o t h ing s o m e t ru t h s i n a symb o li c dre ss o r t h e y a re m e r e ly t h e p i c t ur e squ e i m a in a t i o ns o f t h e i r e arly g s e nn ac h i e s or n at i v e h is t o r ia ns T h o s e w h i c h r e l a t e t o t h e C e l t i c p o pula t io n o f S c o t lan d a re d e r i v e d fr o m t wo d iffe re nt s o urc e s T h e y a re e it h e r W e ls h o r I ris h t h at is t h e y a re t h e l e ge n ds o f e it h e r t h e C ymri c or t h e G a e l i c rac e a nd i n e s t i ma t ing t h e ir r e lat i v e valu e i t is ne c e ss a ry t o t ak e t h e i r p ro b a bl e o rigi n a n d c h arac t e r i nt o acc o u nt S o me o f t h e m a re o
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w h at ma y b e t e rm e d e t h n i c l e g e n ds T h e y a re d e s ig ne d t o p e rp e t uat e t h e p o pul a r c o n c e p t io n o f t h e o r igi n a nd e a rly s e t t l e m e nt s o f t h e r a c e b ut t h e y a re t h e cr e a t io n o f a p e rio d w h e n t h e re h ad b e e n s om e pr og r e ss i n t h e cul t ur e Of t he p e opl e a n d w h e n t h e y p oss e ss e d a rud e l it e r a t ur e d e riv e d i n t h e ma in fr o m t h e spr e ad o f C h ris t ia ni t y a nd t h e e s t abl i s h me nt o f C h ris t ia n i ns t it u t i o ns a m o ng t h e m T h e ir au t h ors fe l t t h e n e c e ss i t y o f c o nne c t ing t h e e arly h is t o ry o f t h e c o u nt ry w it h t he e v e nt s o f Bibl ical or C la ss i c a l h i s t ory a nd it assum e d t h e s h a p e o f a fic t it io us n arr a t i v e w h ic h b e l o ng s t o t h e my t h i c p e r i o d o f t h e ir a nn a ls Ot h e rs again may b e call e d l ing u is t i c l e g e n ds a n d w e r e rud e a t t e mp t s t o acc o u nt fo r p e opl e s no m ina lly d is t i nc t a n d fr o m pri d e o f rac e r e gard ing e a c h o t h e r a s i n d e p e nd e nt r a c e s p o ss e ss ing t he sam e la ng uage a n d us ing a c og na t e f o rm o f sp e e c h Ot h e rs w e r e w h at may b e t ruly c a ll e d h i s t o r i cal l e g e n ds a nd h a n d e d d o w n in a m o r e o r l e ss m o d ifi e d s h ap e e v e nt s w hi c h we h ave r e as on t o t h ink ac t u a lly t o o k pl a c e ; w h il e ot h e rs ag a in w e r e pur e ly a r t i fici a l a nd w e r e s imply t h e rud e a nd fast a st i c cr e a t i o ns o f t h e p o pul a r m i n d w h i c h f e l t t he ne c e ss i t y o f fill ing up t h e d a r k p e rio d Of t h e a nn als o f t h e i r rac e w it h i m ag i na ry e v e nt s c a lcul a t e d t o g ra t i fy t h e i r n a t i o na l fe e l ing a nd t h e i r n a t ur a l l o v e o f t h e mar .
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cam e fr o m A rm or ica ; t h at t h e n t h e P ic t s cam e fro m S cy t h ia a nd t h e n at io n o f t h e S c o t s came fr o m I re l a nd ; a nd h e pl a c e s t h e s e succ e ss iv e c o l o nie s pr io r t o t h e Ro man i nvas i o n o f Br i t a in T h e l e g e n d a ry h is t o ry o f I r e l a n d p re s e nt s t h e e arly h is t o ry o f i t s p o pula t io n i n t h e s a m e asp e c t T h e a cc o u nt o f t h e succ e ss i v e c o l o n i e s w h i c h o ccup ie d I r e l a n d is supp o s e d t o h av e b e e n n arr a t e d t o S a int Pat ri ck by h e r e arl ie s t h is t o r ian Fi nt a n wh o l iv e d b e fo r e t h e Fl o o d a nd r e ma in e d al iv e dur i n t h w h o l e o f t h e c e n t ur ie s w h i c h e g e laps e d t ill t h e i n t r o duc t io n o f C h r i s t i a n i t y T he Boo k o f Bal limo t e c o nt ain s a p o e m supp o s e d t o h av e b e e n writ t e n by h im I f h e was a r e al p e rs ona g e h e may h av e b e e n Fi nt a n M u nn u a c e l e bra t e d I ris h sa int wh o d i e d o n 2 5 t h Oc t o b e r 6 3 4 b u t t h e p o e m i s no d o ub t a lat e r c o m p o s it io n a n d a t ra nslat io n i s h e r e i n s e r t e d as g iv i ng in S h o r t c o mpass t h e s e succ e ss i v e p e Op li ngS o f t h e i sla n d a n d as a g o o d S p e c i m e n o f t h e i r e arly l e g e n ds A s t h e l e a r n e d h i s t o ria n h as r e la t e d n am e ly Fint a n ,
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p e rio d b ut i t is u nne c e ss a ry fo r ou r purp o s e t o e nt e r int o t h e s e d e t a ils e xc e p t i n s o fa r a s t h e y b e ar up o n t h e 1 l e g e nd a ry h is t o ry o f t h e p e o pl e o f S c o t la n d A n o t h e r fo rm o f t h e e t h ni c l e g e n d i s o ne c om m o n t o t h e I n it e arly h i s t o ry o f a l l c o u n t r i e s dur i ng t h e my t h i c p e r i o d t h e rac e i s p e rs o ni fi e d i n a n ep onymus wh o i s t h e supp o s e d a n c e s t o r a n d f o u n d e r o f i t a nd t h e i r supp o s e d s e t t l e m e nt i n t h e c o u nt ry i n w h ich t h e y a re firs t f o u n d i s p r e gure d in a marriag e w it h a fe m a l e w h o s e n am e h a s a n o bvio us r e lat ion t o it a n d t h us a n e t h n i c fa m ily i s pr o duc e d t h e s o n s o f w h i c h usually r e pr e s e nt t h e t e rri t o ria l d iv is i on s o f t h e c ou nt ry T hi s family h as t h e re fo r e a t e rrit o ri al as w e ll a s a n e t h ni c m e an ing a n d t h e li a t io n d o e s n o t a lw a ys i mply a ffi nit y o f r a c e b ut ma y i n d icat e no m o re t h a n t h e j oint o ccup a t ion o f t h e c o u nt ry by t h e d iffe r e nt t ri b e s p e rs o ni fi e d i n t h e m e mb e rs We h av e a n ins t an c e o f t h i s f o r m o f o f t h e e t h n i c f a m i ly t h e l e g e n d i n t h e w e ll k n o w n fa bl e c o n t a in e d i n G e o ff r e y o f M o nm o u t h s f a bul o us h i s t o ry w h e r e Bru t us t h e ep onymus o f t h e Bri t o n s a pp e a rs a s t h e firs t c o l o n i s t i n t h e i sl a n d a n d h a s t h r e e s o n s Lo c ri nu s C a mb e r a n d A lb a n a c t u s r e pr e s e nt i ng t h e Ll o e g ry o f E ng l a n d t h e C y m ry o f Wal e s a n d t h e p e o pl e o f A lb a n o r S c o t l a nd a s w e ll as in t h e o ld e r fo rm o f t h e l e g e n d w h e r e Bru t us a n d Al b a nu s a re br o t h e rs I n t he I ri s h fo rm G a t he l u s o r Ga id e lg la s t h e ep onymu s o f t h e G a e l marri e s S c o t a t h e d a u gh t e r o f P h ara oh by w h i ch t h e s e t t l e m e nt o f t h e G a e l i n S c o t i a o r I r e l a n d i s p re g ure d a nd his p e ri o d i s br ou gh t b a ck s o a s t o c o nne c t h is h is t o ry a n d t h at o f his rac e w i t h t h e Bi bl ic a l n a rra t iv e His d e sc e ndant M il e s i us s o n o f Bil e s o n o f Bre og a n i s als o sai d t o h av e marri e d S c o t a dau gh t e r o f P h ara oh a nd ac t ually s e t t l e s t h e rac e i n I r e l a nd We nd h o w e v e r t h is fe a t ur e o f t h e l e g e nd ,
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w hi c h r e pr e s e nt s t h e t e rri t o r ial d ivis io ns o f t h e c o u nt ry by t h e s o ns o f t h e supp o s e d c o l o ni s t ru nni ng t h r o u g h t h e w h ol e T h us Part h ol a n t h e firs t o f t h e firs t f o rm o f t h e l e g e n d c o l o nis t a ft e r t h e fl o o d a rri v e s w i t h t h r e e s o ns Rugh ruid h e Sl a inge a n d La igh linn e a nd af t e r t h e i r d e a t h h e d iv i d e s I r e l a nd b e t w e e n fo ur s o n s Er Orba F e a ra nn a n d F e a rgna Th e s e c on d c o l o nis t N e me a d h as a w ife M ac h a fr o m w h o m A rd m a c h a o r A rm a g h t a k e s it s na m e t h us s ig nify i ng t h e prin cip a l s e at o f t h e r a c e ; a nd h e h as t h re e s o ns I a rbh e ine o il Fe rg us Le i t h d e arg a n d S t ar n a nd I r e l a n d is d iv i d e d i nt o t h r e e part s b e t w e e n Be o t h a c h so n o f I arb h e in e oil Brio t a n s o n o f Fe rg us Le i t h d e a rg a n d S i m o n s on o f Be o a in so n o f S t arn Th e p e o pl e o f N e m e a d a re t h e n dri v e n o u t o f I r e lan d by t h e F o m ora igh o r se a p ir a t e s a nd d e part in t h r e e b o d ie s On e u nd e r Be ot h a c h go e s t o t h e n o r t h o f Eur op e anot h e r u n d e r Bri o t a n t o t h e n o r t h o f Bri t ai n a n d t h e t h i rd u n d e r S i m o n t o T h e t h ird c o l o ni s t s t h e Firb o lg c o m e fr o m G r e e c e G re e c e u nd e r D e la a d e sc e nda nt o f Sim o n a nd by him I r e l a n d i s di vi d e d int o ve d is t r i c t s b e t w e e n his ve s o ns S l a ing e G a nn S e a nga n G e a nn a n a n d Rugh rui d h e ; a n d t h e s e w e r e t h e ve pr o v in c e s o f I r e l a n d — L e i ns t e r p o ss e ss e d by S la inge ; Th omo n d a n d D e sm o n d t h e t wo d iv i s i o n s o f M u n s t e r by G ann a n d S e a ng a n C o nna u g h t by G e a nn a n a nd U ls t e r by Rughru id h e H e re we h a v e a r e pr o duc t io n o f t wo o f t h e s ons o f Pa rt h ol a n in S l ainge a nd Rugh ruid h e We h av e agai n a t h r e e fo ld d iv is io n o f I r e l a nd u n d e r t h e four t h c o l o n i st s t h e T ua t h a D e supp o s e d t o b e t h e d e sc e n dan t s o f Be o t h a c h s o n o f I a rb h e in e o il ; a n d t h e t h r e e s o ns o f C e a rma d h a M ilb e oil t h e ir k ing— M a c Cuil M a c Ce a c h t a n d M ac G re ine h av e t h r e e qu e e ns Eire Fo d l a a nd Banb a w h i c h a re s i mply t h e t h r e e o ld e s t n a m e s i n I r e l a n d M il e s ius t o o h as t h re e s ons Eb e r He re mon a nd I r o f w h o m t h e form e r p o ss e ss e d t h e t wo M u ns t e rs He re m o n L e in s t e r a n d C o nn au g h t a nd I r Uls t e r ; an d h e re aga in we nd t he s a m e r e pro duc t io n o f ,
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pr e v io us nam e s for Eb e r h as t h e sam e f o ur s o ns Er Orb a 2 Fe ara nn a nd F e a rgna wh o a re a t t r ibu t e d t o Pa rt h ol a n a nd t h e d e sc e n da nt s o f I r wh o o ccup i e d U ls t e r w e r e t e rm e d t h e rac e o f Rugh ruid he fr o m a d e sc e nd a n t o f t h a t n a m e We als o nd t h a t t h is l ia t io n fr o m t h e s a m e par e nt s d oe s n o t imply i d e nt it y o f rac e for t h e d e sc e nd a n t s o f I r t o w h o m t h e n a m e o f Rugh ru id h e e sp e c i ally b e l o ng s a nd w h o p e o pl e d t h e n o r t h o f I r e la nd a pp e a r t h r o u gh o u t t h e I ri s h A nnals u n d e r t h e n am e o f C rui t h nigh a nd w e r e n o o t h e r t h an t h e P i c t s wh o w e r e s e t t l e d i n I r e la n d T h e f o rm w h i c h t h e li ng u i s t i c l e g e nd usually a ssum e s i s t h a t o f a c o l o ny o f s o ld ie rs o b t a i ning w i v e s fr o m a n o t h e r p e o pl e w h o s e langu a ge t h e y a d e p t a nd p e rh aps t h e m o s t c uri o us sp e ci m e n is t h a t t o ld o f t h e Brit o ns o f A rm o r i ca by N e n nius He t e lls us t h a t wh e n M a x i mus wh o was d e cl a r e d e mp e r o r in Br it a in w e n t o v e r t o G aul t o m a i nt a in his p re t e n s i o n s h e w i t h dr e w fr o m Brit a i n i t s m il it ary fo rc e a n d u nw ill ing t o s e n d h is s o ld ie rs b a ck t o t h e ir w i v e s c hi ldre n a nd p o ss e ss io n s i n B r it a in s e t t l e d t h e m i n A r m o r i c a w h e r e t h e y b e c a m e t h e A rm o r ican Br it o n s a nd s o m e M S S h av e t h e f o ll o w i ng add i t io n — T h e s e A rm o ri c a n Br i t o ns h a v i ng lai d w a s t e a nd d e p o pul a t e d t h e c o u nt ry t o o k t h e wi v e s a nd dau gh t e rs o f t h e pr e v i o us i nh a b i t a nt s i n m arriage b u t c ut o u t t h e i r t o ng ue s t h a t t h e i r c h ildr e n m igh t n o t l e a r n t h e i r m o t h e r t ong u e H e n c e t h e y w e r e call e d L e t e wic c i on o r h a lf 3 sp e e c h Th e m e a ning o f t h is t a l e is t h a t i d e nt i t y o f l a n u mpl i i e d by t h e marr ia g e o f t h e l e a d e rs o f o ne p e o pl e a i s e g g w i t h t h e w i v e s a nd dau g h t e rs o f a no t h e r a nd a d ial e c t i c dif fe r e n c e c ould o nly b e acc o u nt e d fo r by d e pr i vi ng t h e fe mal e s ,
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b e ing m a d e i nv is ibl e by t h e ir e n c h a nt m e nt s b e cam e t h e F ir S id h e o r F a iri e s o f I r e l a nd Wi t h t h e my t h i c s e t t l e m e nt o f t he M i l e s ian S c o t s i n I re lan d c omm e n c e t h e l e g e n ds o f t h e s e t t l e m e nt s o f t he Crui t h nigh o r P i c t s i n S c o t la n d ; a n d as I r e l a n d was d iv i d e d int o ve br o t h e rs s o n s o f t h e l e a d e r o f ve pr o v in c e s b e t w e e n Fi rb o l g a nd af t e rwards by t h e s o n s o f M il e s iu s s o we nd i n t he l e g e n d a n e a rly d iv i s io n o f A lban i nt o s e v e n pr o vi nc e s be t w e e n t h e s e v e n s o n s o f C rui t h ne t h e e p o nymus o f t h e Pi ct is h rac e Fi v e o f t h e s e pr o v inc e s c a n b e i d e nt ifi e d Fib h t h e e ld e s t o f t h e s e v e n br o t h e rs r e pr e s e nt s Fi fe ; F o dl a t h e t h i rd A thf hot la o r A t h o ll ; Fo rt re nn c o rr e sp o n ds w i t h t h e d i s t ri c t b e t w e e n t h e Tay a nd t h e Fo r t h c o ns i s t ing o f S t ra t h e rn e a n d M e nt e a t h a n d w h ic h a s a t o ne t i m e t h e s e a t o f t h e m o n arc h y av e i t s n am e t o t h e k in d o m o f t h e P i c t s g g Cait h w it h C a it h n e ss a nd C irc in n w i t h t h a t d is t ri c t w h ic h i nclud e d M a g hg hi rg hi nn o r t h e pl a i ns o f C i rc i n n a n a m e c o rrup t e d i nt o M oe rn e o r t h e M e ar ns Th e r e maining t wo Fi d a c h a nd C e t h o u gh t h e n a m e s c a nn o t no w b e i d e nt i fi e d Obv i o usly r e pr e s e n t t h e i nt e r m e d ia t e d i s t r i c t s o f Ro ss M o r a y Buc h a n a nd M ar A no t h e r f o rm o f t h e l e g e n d r e pr e s e nt s t h e Cruit h nigh o r Pi c t s c o m ing fr o m I r e lan d i n t he t i m e o f t h e s ons o f M il e s ius u n d e r Cruit hne c h an s on o f Cinge s on o f Loc h it t o ass i s t t h e Br it o n s o f F o rt re nn t o g h t ag a ins t t h e S ax o ns a nd t h e Br it o ns y i e ld e d t h e i r cla n s a nd t h e ir sw o rd land t o t h e m t h a t i s Cru i t he ntu a t h a nd t h e y t oo k p oss e ss io n of t h e l a n d T h e sa m e l e ge n d assum e s t h e f o r m i n c o nn e c t io n wi t h t h e P i c t s o f D al ara d ia i n U ls t e r fr o m w h e n c e t h e y cam e o f t w i c e e i h t e e n s o ld ie rs o f t h e t r ib e s o f T h r a c i a wh o a e c o m g p anie d t h e s o ns o f M il e s i us t o I r e l a n d a n d cl e ar e d a s wo rd l a n d a mon t h B e i t t h e r o n s c n s i s firs r o t i n r r e nn o t o f a h o t M g g g f plains o f F o rt re nn a nd t h e n o f M a ghg hi rg hi nn o r t h e pl ains o f C i r i nn o r a s a n o t h e r e d it i o n h a s i t o f Cru i t h e n t u a t h 1 6 g ,
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l o ng l ine o f m y t h ic p a g a n m o narc h s spru ng fro m t h e s o ns o f M il e s ius t wo c o m e pr o m in e nt ly fo rward a s w a ging wa r i n S c o t l a nd a nd h e nc e t e r m e d k ings o f Erinn a nd A lba n a nd u nd e r t h e s e c o n d o f t h e s e a s e t t l e m e nt i s s a i d t o h av e b e e n m a d e Th e firs t o f t h e s e i ma gina ry m o narc h s i s A e ngus o f t h e l ine o f H e re mo n t e rm e d Oll mu c a d h fr o m all g r e a t a n d m u c a d h s win e b e caus e h e i s sa i d t o h a v e p o ss e ss e d t h e larg e s t sw i ne i n h is t im e i n I r e la n d A cc o rd ing t o t h e A nn als o f t h e F o ur M as t e rs h e r e ign e d i n t h e y e a r o f t he w o rld 3 7 7 3 o r 1 4 2 1 y e a rs b e fo r e t h e b ir t h o f C h ris t H e i s sai d t o h av e fo ugh t fift y bat t l e s a g a i ns t t h e Cru i t he n t ua th w o r P i c t s o f S c o t l a n d a n d t h e Fi rb o l a t t l e s a a in s t lv b t e e ; g g t h e L o ngb a rd a i a nd f o ur ba t t l e s a g a in s t t h e C o la i s t i w h o e v e r l7 t h e y may b e T h e s e c o nd was Re a c h t a i d h Righd e a rg o r re d wri s t e d o f t h e l ine o f H e b e r wh o i s sai d i n t h e sam e A nn a ls t o h a v e r e ign e d i n t h e y e ar o f t h e w o rld 4 5 4 7 o r 6 4 7 y e a rs b e fo r e t h e b irt h o f Ch r is t He l e d h is fo rc e s t o Al ba n u nd e r T h e y g ai ne d g r e a t bat t l e s so t h at gre a t Fo r e a n d I b o t h d is t ri c t s w e r e l a i d was t e i n A lb a n,u n t il t h e m e n o f A lban subm it t e d t o Re a c h t a i d h Righ d e arg s o t h at h e wa s k ing o f Er inn a n d A lb a n a nd i t wa s fro m t h e m sprang t h e t wo t r ib e s 18 T u a t h F o r e a nd Tu at h I b o t h i n A lb a n T h e s e supp o s e d s e t t l e m e n t s h o w e v e r b e c o m e m o r e fre qu e nt a n d d is t in c t a s we p a ss t h e b ir t h o f C h r i s t a n d appr o a c h Be t w e e n t h e t h e h i s t o ri c p e r io d o f t h i s e arly I r is h h i s t o ry C h r i s t ia n e ra a n d t h e fift h c e nt ury w h e n C h r i s t ia ni t y wa s i nt ro duc e d i nt o I r e l a n d a n d s o m e t h ing l i k e a t ru e c h r o no l o gi cal h is t o ry m a y b e s a i d t o c o mm e n c e t wo e v e nt s c om e pr o m ine nt ly fo rward i n t h i s my th i c h is t o ry Th e firs t i s t h e r is ing o f t h e A tt a c ht u a t ha o r s e rv il e cl a ss o f t h e p o pulat ion The se o f I r e lan d a nd t h e i r m a ssacr e o f t h e n o bl e s o f I r e l a n d A t t a c ht u a tha a re s a id t o h a v e b e e n t h e r e m a ins Of t h e Fi rb ol g ,
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pr e c e d e d t h e a rri va l o f t h e M il e s ia n S c o t s a n d fo rm e d a p o pul a t io n o f subj e c t t rib e s u n d e r t h e m a n d t h e y h a v e b e e n i mpr o p e rly i d e nt i fi e d by t h e I r i s h hi s t o rians w i t h t h e A t t a c o t t i o f t he Ro m a n h is t o ri a ns wh o w e r e a Bri t is h n a t ion a n d b e l o ng e d t o a l a t e r p e ri o d Th e s t o ry a s i v n i n t h L h r G a b h a l a o r B o o k o f C o n qu e s t s i s t h i s e e e a b a g —Ou t h e d e at h o f C rim t h a n N ia n a ir k ing o f I r e l a n d o f t he ra c e o f H e re m on a b o u t t e n y e ars aft e r t he b ir t h o f C h ri s t t h e n o b il it y o f I r e l a n d w e r e m a ssacr e d a t a g r e a t fe a s t a t M a g h Cro w h e r e t h e y w e r e e nt e r t a i ne d by t h e A t t ac h t uat ha T h e y w e r e a ll c ut o ff e x c e p t t h r e e qu e e n s w h o w e r e pr e gnan t a nd w e nt o v e r t h e s e a One wa s Ba in e d a u gh t e r t o t h e k ing o f A lba n wh o g av e b ir t h t o F e re d a c h F i nn F e c h t T h e s e c o n d was C ruife d a u g h t e r nac h t h e s o n o f Cri mt h a n t o t h e k ing o f B r it a in a n d m ot h e r o f C orb Olum Of M u n s t e r ; a nd t h e t h i rd wa s A i ne d a u g h t e r Of t h e k i ng o f S a x o ny w h o was m o t h e r o f T ip ra id e Tire a c h k ing o f t h e C ru i t h nig h o f Uls t e r T h e A t t a c h t ua t ha t h e n s e t up C a irp re C a it c h e a nn or c a t h e ad e d o n e o f t h e i r o wn r a c e a s k i ng wh o r e ig ne d ve y e ars o v e r I r e l a n d H e wa s succ e e d e d by hi s so n M or a nn w ho wa s a j us t a n d l e ar n e d ma n a n d h e r e s o lv e d t o r e c a ll t h e t h r e e l e g it im a t e h e irs F e ra d a c h Finn F e c h t na c h wa s e l e c t e d k i ng a nd t h e A t t a c h t u a t h a sw o r e by h e a v e n a n d e a r t h t he s u n t h e mo o n a n d all t h e e l e m e nt s t h at t h e y w o uld b e o b e d ie nt t o t h e m h n I a nd t h e i r d e sc e n d a nt s a s l o n as t e se a surr o u d e d r e la nd g Fe ra d a c h was succ e e d e d by Fi a t a c h Fi nn a ls o o f t h e l in e o f He re m o n a nd b e by Fi ac h a Fi nn fo l a i d h so n o f F e ra d a c h wh o a ft e r a r e ig n o f s e v e nt e e n y e ars wa s k ill e d by t h e p ro vinc ia l k in s a t t h e i ns t i a t i o n o f t h e A t t a c h t ua t h a a t t h e g g s lau h t e r o f M a hb o l n a i n we h av e a r e p e t i t i o n o f A d a g g g g t he sam e s t o ry T h e o n ly p e rs o n wh o e scap e d wa s h is w if e Et h ne da u gh t e r o f t h e k ing o f A lb a n wh o wa s pre gn ant o f h is so n T u a t h al El im s o n o f C o ura k in g o f t h e Cr ui t hnigh o f U ls t e r wh o h a d o n t h i s o cc a s i o n j o in e d t h e A t t a c h t u a t h a
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b e cam e k ing a nd a ft e r a r e ign o f t w e nt y y e a rs was sla in i n t h e ba t t l e o f A i c hi ll by T ua t h a l call e d T e a c h t mar o r t h e a cc e p t abl e wh o c a m e fr o m A lba n w it h a large fo rc e T ua t h al i s s a i d t o h av e f o u g h t 1 33 bat t l e s aga ins t t h e A t t ac h t ua t h a w h o m h e r e duc e d t o o b e d ie n c e i n t h e var io us p ro v inc e s He al t e r e d t h e arr a ng e m e nt o f t h e ve pro v in c e s by u nit ing t h e t wo M u n s t e rs i nt o o ne pr o v in c e a nd fo r me d a fift h pr o v i nc e o f M e a t h as m e n sal l a nds for t h e m o n arc h y by t ak ing fo ur p o r t io n s fr o m e ac h o f t h e o t h e r fo ur pr o v i nc e s Up on t h e p or t ion t a k e n fr o m M u ns t e r he bu il t T la c h t g a no w call e d t h e H ill o f Ward a nd t h e r e t h e fe s t ival o f t h e Fir e o f Tla c h t ga was h e l d a nd t h e D ru i ds w e r e w o nt t o ass e mbl e On t h e p o r t i o n t ak e n fr o m C o nn au g h t he e s t abl is h e d t h e c h ie f s e at a t U is ne ac h n o w U s na gh H ill a nd t h e r e t h e g r e at fair call e d t h e C o nv e nt io n o f U i s ne ac h was a nnually h e ld i n On t h e p o r t io n t ak e n fr o m U ls t e r h e c o ns t ruc t e d M ay I t was h e re T a ill t e n o w T e l l t o wn as t h e c h ie f r e s id e n c e t h a t all i an c e s w e r e mad e a nd c o nt rac t s ra t i fi e d a nd t h e fa ir On t h e p o r t io n t ak e n fro m L e i ns t e r t he o f T a ill t e wa s h e ld r o yal cap i t a l o f T e amh a r o r Tara was e s t abl is h e d w h e r e t he Fe i s T e m ra c h wa s h e ld e v e ry t h ird y e a r t h e laws w e re o rdai n e d a nd publ i sh e d a nd t h e A rdr i o r s o v e r e ign o f I r e land was i nau gura t e d T ua t h a l i s t h e n sa id t o h av e c e l e bra t e d t h e Fe is T e mrac h a t w hi c h t h e pri n c e s a n d c h i e ft ai ns o f t h e k ing d o m a ss e mbl e d wh o all sw o r e by t h e s un a nd m oon a nd all t h e e l e m e nt s v is ibl e a n d i nv is ibl e t h at t h e y w o uld n e v e r c o nt e s t t h e s o v e r e ignt y o f I re l a n d wit h h im o r h is rac e U n d o ub t e dly t h i s fo rm at io n o f t h e pr o v in c e o f M e a t h w i t h it s f o ur r oyal r e s id e n c e s survi v e d t o h i s t o r i c t im e s a nd h as a n u nqu e s t ion abl e hi s t o ric b a s is A n o t h e r o f it s g r e a t l a n dmarks i s t h e c o nt e s t w h i c h i s supp o s e d t o h a v e t ak e n plac e i n t h e s e c on d c e nt ury b e t we e n C o nn C e d C a t h ac h o r o f t h e h u n dr e d bat t l e s o f t h e l ine o f H e re mo n a nd Eogh a n M o r call e d M o d h a N u a d h a t o f t he t he n
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l ine o f H e b e r a nd w h i c h l e d t o a d iv is io n o f I r e lan d i nt o t wo p a r t s s e p a r a t e d fro m e ac h o t h e r by a r id g e t e rm e d Eisgir Riada l e a d ing fr o m D ubl in a cr o ss t h e i sl a nd t o G alway c o mp o s e d o f a l ine o f g rav e l h ills w h i c h e x is t e d l ong a f t e r Th e n o r t h e rn h alf was t e rm e d L e t h C u i nn o r C o nn s h a lf a n d T h i s d i v i s io n i s t he s o u t h e r n Le t h M o gb a o r M o gh a s h alf m e nt i on e d by t h e Ol d c h r on i cl e r Tigh e rn ac as h av ing b e e n a nd is u n d o ub t e dly r e c ognis e d by mad e i n t h e y e ar Be d e w h e n h e d is t ingu i s h e s t h e n o r t h e r n pr o v i n c e o f t h e S c o t s fro m t h e n at io ns o f t h e S c ot s wh o dw e ll in t h e s o u t h e r n 20 par t s o f I r e lan d C o rm a c so n o f A rt a n d g ra n ds o n o f C o n n is s a i d t o h av e s e nt a fl e e t acr o ss M ag h Re in o r t h e plai n o f t he se a i n t he y e ar 2 4 0 so t h a t i t was o n t h i s o ccas io n t h a t 21 He i s sa i d by Tigh h e o b t ain e d t h e s o v e r e ig nt y o f A lb a n c rn a c t o h a v e o b t a i ne d t h e n am e U l fa t a o r t h e p e o pl e o f U lst e r a t a d is t anc e b e caus e h e b a ni s h e d t h e Pi ct is h t rib e s o f U ls t e r t o M a n a nn a n d I n ns iga l l i n t h e y e a r T h e s e supp o s e d s e t t l e m e nt s i n S c o t l a nd duri ng t h is my t h i c T h p e rio d w e r e h o w e v e r n o t e nt ir e ly c o n fi ne d t o t h e k ings o f S glfilmd t h e l ine s o f H e b e r a n d H e re m o n s o n s o f M i l e s i us b ut a re als o a t t ribu t e d t o anot h e r l ine o f k ing s d e sc e n d e d fro m Lu gh a id h We r e ad i n s on o f I t h wh o was fa t h e r s br o t h e r o f M i l e s i us a n an c ie n t t rac t t h a t t h e s e are t h e t r i b e s o f t h e G a e l t h a t are n o t o f t h e s o n s o f M i l e d h n o r o f t h e T u a t h a D e D a na nu nor o f t h e Firb o lg n or y e t o f t h e Gl a u n N e im h e a d a n d t h a t wi d e ly d i d t h is t rib e spr e ad t h r o u gh o ut Eri n a nd A lban Fo r i t i s b o as t e d t h at M a c c o n o b t a i n e d sway o v e r t h e w o rld a n d it i s c e r t a i n t h a t b e c o nqu e re d t h e w e s t o f E ur o p e w it h o u t d o ub t t h a t is A lban a nd Franc e a nd S a x on l a nd a nd t h e i slan d ,
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b oa s t e d c o n c e r ning D a ir e S irc h re a c h t ac h t h a t h e o b t a i ne d sw a y o v e r a ll t h e w e s t o f Eur o p e ; a nd s o m e o f t h e l e ar ne d s a y t h a t h e wo n t h e wh o l e w o rld A nd it is s t a t e d t h a t F a t h a d h C a n a nn o b t a in e d t h e g o v e r nm e nt o f t h e w h o l e wo rld fr o m t h e r i s ing t o t h e s e t t ing s un a nd (if i t b e t ru e ) t h a t h e t o o k h o s t a ge s o f t h e s t r e ams t h e b i rds a n d 23 Th e firs t o f t h e s e c on qu e ro rs o f t h e l in e o f t h e l a ngu a g e s I t h in p o int o f t im e w a s s a id t o b e t h is D a ir e Sirc h re ac h He h a d s ix s o n s a ll c a ll e d Lu gh a i d h Th e e ld e s t wa s t a ch A n o t h e r w a s Lu g h a i d h M a l W h o w o n Lu gh a id h La id h e t h e w o rld fr o m Bre a t a i n L e a t h a o r A r m o r i ca t o Lo c hl a nn o r S ca n d ina v ia a n d fr o m I nn si Orc o r t h e Ork n e ys t o S p a in Th e o ld t r a c t call e d t h e D i nns e a n c h as s ays o f C arnu M ai l i n Uls t e r W h e n c e wa s i t na m e d ? I t i s n o t d if c ul t t o t e ll I t wa s o t h e rw is e c a l l e d Ga ru n Lu igh d h e a c h fr o m Lugh a i d h M a l wh o wa s driv e n fr o m Er i nn w it h a fl e e t o f s e v e n s h i ps a n d fr o m A lb a n h e s e t o u t fo r E ri nn w i t h t h e g r e a t fl e e t o f A lba n a nd t h e y gi v e b a t t l e t o t h e U ls t e r m e n a n d d e fe a t e d Ev e ry m a n t h a t cam e int o ba t t l e w i t h Lugh a i dh car t he m ri e d a s t o ne a nd t h us t h e c am was fo rm e d a nd it was o n a nd i t Lu gh a i d h was s t a n d i ng w h il e t h e ba t t l e was f o u g h t a n o l d p oe m qu o t e d i n t h i s t r a c t s a ys o
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r e fu g e w i t h his p a t e r nal gran dfat h e r t h e ki ng o f A lba n fro m w h o m h e r e c e iv e s Bna nnac ht o r m il it ary maint e nanc e T h r e e h u ndre d warr io rs w e r e h is h o s t A ft e r re mai ning t h r e e y e a rs i n A lba n t he t h r e e br o t h e rs r e t ur n t o Erinn e ac h w i t h a f o ll o wi ng o f n in e warrio rs a nd h a v ing b e e n re c o nc il e d w it h M ure d ac h Ti re c h wh o t e lls t h e m t h e y o ugh t t o c o n qu e r s o m e t e rr it o ry a s a n i nh e r i t a n c e t h e y a re j o ine d by s e v e n cat h a o r ba t t al ion s o f t h e Firb o l g o f C o nnau gh t a nd w it h t h e ir ass is t anc e a t t ack t h e k ing o f U ls t e r m a rc h t o t h e C ar n o f A c h a d hl e it hd e rg fr o m w h e nc e t h e y fo u gh t s e v e n bat t l e s on e o n e ac h day o f t h e w e e k a n d o n t h e las t slay t h e king o f U ls t e r plu n d e r a n d burn hi s cap it a l o f E m a nia a nd acqu ir e a l a rg e t e rr i t o ry a s t h e ir s wo rd la n d w h ic h was t e rm e d Oirgiall a a nd wa s p o ss e ss e d by t h e i r d e sc e n dant s T h is i s t h e s t o ry o f t h e t h r e e Collas and i n t hi s m a n ne r t h e g r e a t P i ct is h k ingd o m o f w h i c h Emani a was t h e cap it a l wa s supp o s e d t o c o m e t o a n e nd in t h e y e ar 3 3 1 a nd t h e Cruit h nigh o f U ls t e r c o nfi ne d t o t h e d i s t r i c t o f D a la ra d ia o n t h e e as t c o as t o f U ls t e r Fr o m C o lla U a is t h e S e nnac h ie s b o t h o f E ri nn a n d A lba n d e duc e d t h e d e sc e nt o f S o m e rl e d wh o b e cam e t h e Re gulus o f A rre gaid h e l a n d o f h alf o f t h e W e s t e rn I sl e s a n d fr o m w h o m spra ng t h e p o t e nt cl a n o f t h e M a c D ou gall s Lords o f L o rne 26 a nd t h e M a c D o na ld s L o rds o f t h e I sl e s Th e l o ng l ine o f my t h i c pag a n k ing s o f I r e lan d t e rm in a t e s w it h a g r o up o f t h r e e m o narc h s wh o succ e e d e d e ac h o t h e r a nd a re e ac h sa i d t o h av e mad e e x t e n s i v e c o n qu e s t s b e y o n d t h e b o u nds o f t h e ir i slan d k ingd o m T h e firs t o f t h e s e i s Cri m t h a n M o r m a c Fid h a ig o f t h e l in e o f H e b e r wh o r e ig ne d fr o m 36 6 t o 3 7 8 a nd i s sai d t o h av e e x t e n d e d his sway o v e r Of hi m o n e o f t h e o ld e s t o f t he A lban Brit a in a n d G aul I r i s h d o cum e nt s C o rmac s G l o ssary s a ys u n d e r t h e w o rd M uge im e t h a t i s t h e nam e o f t h e firs t lapd o g t h a t was i n T ire c h
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C a irb re M usc,
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br ou g h t i t fro m t h e e as t fr o m Brit ai n fo r w h e n g r e at was t h e p o w e r o f t h e G a e l o n Brit ain t h e y d iv i d e d A lb a n b e t w e e n t h e m i nt o d is t ri c t s a nd e a c h k ne w t h e r e s i d e n c e o f h is fri e n d a nd n ot l e ss d id t he G a e l dw e ll o n t h e e as t s id e o f t h e s e a a s i n S c o t ia o r I r e land a nd t h e i r h ab it a t io ns a nd r oyal fo r t s w e r e bu il t H e nc e i s call e d D nt n Tra d a t o r t h e t ripl e fo ss e d for t t h e re o f Crimt ha n M o r so n o f Fi d a c h k i ng o f Erinn a n d A lb a n t o 27 H is succ e ss o r was N iall M o r o r t h e g r e at t h e I c t ia n S e a He a ls o e x t e n d e d hi s c o n who r e igne d fr o m 3 7 8 t o 40 5 qu e s t s o v e r A lban Br it ain a nd G aul a nd wa s slain a t t h e m ou t h o f t h e Lo ir e o n t h e s h o r e o f t h e I c t ia n S e a H e was as h e t e rm e d N ia ll na o ig hia ll a o r o f t he nin e h o s t a ge s re c e i v e d h o s t age s fro m nine n at io ns w h i c h h e h ad subj e c t e d t o h i s rul e Th e las t o f t h e s e gr e at c o n qu e ro rs was B a t h i wh o r e ig ne d fr o m 40 5 t o 4 2 8 He t o o e x t e n d e d his c o n qu e s t s o v e r A lban Brit ain a nd G a ul a nd was k ill e d by a 28 flas h o f l igh t ning a t S li a bh Ea lp a o r t h e foo t o f t h e A lps He is sai d in a n o t h e r d o cum e n t t o h av e b e e n ki ng o f Erinn A lban Br it a in a nd a s far a s t h e m o u nt a ins o f t h e A lps wh e r e h e w e nt t o r e v e nge t h e d e at h o f his pr e d e c e ss o r N iall and was sai d by s o m e t o h av e b e e n sl a in by t h e sa m e arr o w wh ic h k ill e d t h e l a t t e r His b o dy wa s br o ug h t back t o Erinn by his s on wh o g a i ne d nine b at t l e s by se a a nd t e n by l a nd by m e ans o f it fo r w h e n t h e y e x h ib it e d t h e b o dy t h e y crus h e d t h e ir fo e s D a t hi i s sai d t o h av e fo ug h t ma ny bat t l e s in A lban viz t h e b a t t l e o f M ag h C irc a i n a nd t h e bat t l e o f 29 S rat h A t al e c a ll e d Th e Exp e d it io n o f D a t hi t o t h e S lia b h n Eal p a g iv e s t h e f o ll o w i n a cc o u nt o f h is i n v a s io n o f S c o t g land — He i nvit e s all t h e pr o vi n cial k ing s a nd c h i e fs o f Erinn t o a gr e a t f e as t a t T a ra a nd t h e r e d e c i d e s up o n m a k ing a n e xp e d it io n i nt o A lb a n Bri t a in a n d G aul fo ll o w in t h f e o o t g 7 23 C orm c s G l o s sa y e d it e d for A nna ls of t he F o ur M a st e r s t h e I i h A rc h S o c i e t y by M r T i be s nd Cu st o ms of H y W hit l e y S tok s p 1 1 1 Fi a c hra c h p 1 9 I r e la n d
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LEG END A RY
116
IGI NS
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s t e ps o f his pr e d e c e ss o rs C rimt h a n M or a nd N iall His fl e e t ass e mbl e s a t Oi r e a r Ca oi n pr o bably D o na gh ad e e w h e re h e e mbarks w it h hi s t r oo ps a nd s e t s s a il fo r A lba n I mme di a t e ly u p o n h is l a nd ing D a t h i s e nds h is D ru i d t o Fe re d a c h Finn k ing o f A lba n wh o was t h e n a t h is palac e o f T uirri n br igh e na Righ call ing o n him fo r subm iss i o n a nd t r ibu t e or a n i mm e d ia t e r e as o n t o t h e c o nt rary o n t h e fi e ld o f ba t t l e T he k ing o f A lba n r e fus e d e it h e r subm i ss i o n o r t ribu t e a nd acc e p t e d t he c h a ll e nge o f bat t l e b u t r e qu ir e d a fe w days t o pr e par e fo r so u ne xp e ct e d a n e v e nt T h e t im e fo r ba t t l e a t las t arri ve d b o t h arm ie s marc h e d o n M ag h a n C h a irt h é (t h e plai n o f t h e p illar s t on e ) in G l e nfe a d ha D a t hi a t t h e h e ad o f hi s G a e l a nd F e re d ac h l e ad ing a larg e fo rc e c o mp o s e d o f A S c ot s Pi c t s Brit o n s G auls N o r t h m e n a nd G allg a i d h e al fi e rc e a nd d e s t ruc t i v e fi g h t e n su e d b e t w e e n t h e t wo par t ie s in w h i c h t h e fo rc e s o f A lban w e r e a t l e ng t h o v e r t h r o w n a nd r o u t e d w i t h g re a t sl a u gh t e r W h e n t h e k i ng o f A lban saw t h e d e a t h o f his s o n a nd t h e d is c o m t ure o f his a rmy h e t h r e w h i ms e lf h e a dl o ng o n t h e r a nks o f h is e n e m ie s d e al ing d e at h a nd d e s t ruc t i o n a r o u n d h i m b u t i n t he h e ig h t o f h is fury h e was lai d h o ld o f by Co nall G ul b a n a s o n o f N iall na o igh i a l l a wh o t a k i ng him up i n h i s arms h url e d h im agains t t h e p illar s t o ne a nd d a s h e d o u t h is bra in s T h e sc e ne ' o f t h i s ba t t l e h as e v e r s in c e b e e n c a ll e d Gor t a n Cha i r t he (t h e fi e ld of t h e p i llar s t o ne ) a nd t h e G l e n Gle nn a n Cha tha or B a t h i se t up a surv iv i ng s o n o f t h e lat e t h e bat t l e g l e n k ing o n t h e t h r on e o f A lban a nd r e c e iv ing h o s t ag e s a nd sub m issi o n fr o m h i m pass e d o n wards i nt o Br it a in a nd G aul i n b o t h o f w h i c h c o u nt ri e s h e s t ill r e c e iv e d h o s t age s a nd sub 30 h e u hi m iss i on s w h e r e v e r pr o c e e d e d o s marc h A not h e r o f t h e l e g e n d a ry s e t t l e m e n t s i n A lba n is c o nn e c t e d w it h t h e sam e Fe re d a c h Fi nn k ing o f t h e C ruit h nigh o f A lb a n a nd m a y b e pl a c e d ab o u t t h e sam e t i m e Th e s t ory .
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T hi s qu e s t io n we may a t o nc e a n sw e r i n s o far a s r e g a rds t he l a s t s e t t l e me nt i n t h e s e ri e s w h ic h we h av e e x t r a c t e d fr o m t h a t h is t o ry Th e pass i ng o v e r o f t h e s o ns o f Erc int o A lba n t w e nt y y e a rs a ft e r t he ba t t l e o f Oc h a i s u n d o ub t e dly a t ru e I t wa s t h e fo u n da t io n o f t h e sm a ll S c ot t i s h k ing d o m e v e nt o f D a l ria d a o n t h e w e s t c o as t n o r t h o f t h e Fi r t h o f C lyd e by a c o l o ny o f S c o t s w h i c h t o o k pl a c e i n t h e y e ar 4 9 8 a nd t h e d e at h o f i t s firs t k ing F e rg us m or m a c E rc e i s r e c o rd e d by Tigh e rna c i n t h e y e a r 5 0 1 T h e a n na ls o f t h i s l it t l e k ing d o m ma y no w b e c o ns i d e r e d as w e ll asc e r t a i n e d Bu t c a n w e a t t r ibu t e t h e sam e c e r t a i nt y t o t h e c o n qu e s t s supp o s e d t o h a v e b e e n m a d e pr io r t o t h e b a t t l e o f Oc h a ? T h e s e pr e s e nt s e v e ral fe a t ur e s c a lcul a t e d t o l e ad us t o a d ifl e re nt c o nclus io n O n l ook ing o v e r t h e e nt ir e succ e ss io n o f t h o s e supp o s e d c o n qu e s t s a nd s e t t l e m e n t s i n A lb a n we c a n h ardly f a i l t o r e c o n i s e t h e g s a m e l e g e n ds r e p e at e d a t d iffe r e nt t i m e s a nd cro pp ing up i n di ffe re nt f o rms T h us t h e supp o s e d c onqu e s t s o f t h e rac e o f Lugh a d h s o n o f I t h wh o w e r e a di ffe r e n t rac e fro m t h e M il e s i an S c o t s a n d t h e s e t t l e m e nt o f F o t h a d h C a n a n n fr o m wh ic h spra n g t h e Ol a n u M h i c C a i l in o r C a mpb e lls s e e m s m e r e ly a r e p e t i t io n o f t h e muc h o ld e r s e t t l e m e nt o f t h e s o ns o f N e i mh e a d i n t h e d i s t r i c t s o f D o b h a r a nd I a r d o b h ar i n A lb a n wh o w e r e l ik e w i s e a di ffe r e nt rac e fr o m t h e M il e s i a n S c o t s a nd fro m w h o m als o S pr a ng t h e Ol a n u M h i c C a il i n o r C ampb e lls , a n d w h e n t h e F o t h a d h s app e a r n o t a s o f t h e r a c e o f I t h b ut as o f t h e rac e o f t h e U i Ea c h ac h o f U ls t e r t h a t is I ri al G l u nmh a r s o n o f C o n a ll C e a rn a c h wh o h a d t wo s o ns Fo rc and I b o t h t h e y b e c o m e C ru it hnigh a nd t h e ir s e t t l e m e n t t h e s a m e a s t h at o f t h e t wo t r ib e s Tu a t h Forc a n d Tua t h I bo t h ; a n d t h is a g ain c onn e c t s t h e m w i t h t h e supp o s e d c onqu e s t by t h e m y t h i c k ing Re c h t gid h Righ d e a rg wh o i n a no t h e r d o cum e nt a pp e a rs a s F o t h a d h Ri h d e a r n t he I g g .
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am e Fo rc w e c a n r e c ognis e t h e o ld n am e o f t he r iv e r Fo r t h w h ic h aga in c o nne c t s t h e m w it h t h e d is t ri c t b e t w e e n t h e Tay a nd t he Fo r t h w h ic h app e ars t o h av e b e e n i nt e nd e d by t h e D o b h ar a n d I a rd o bh a r ; b ut t h i s i s t h e sam e d is t r i c t w h i c h was call e d by t h e P i c t s F ort re nn a nd t o w hi c h a cc o rd ing t o t h e P i c t is h l e g e nd Cruit h n e c h a n t h e s o n o f Lo c hit s o n o f Cin e c a m e w it h hi s P i c t s t o h e lp t h e Brit o ns Of F o rt re n n g a nd t h i s a g a i n c o rr e sp o nds w i t h a nd sup e rs e d e d t h e m t h e r e t h e s t a t e m e nt t h a t t h e d e sc e n da nt s o f Bra o d n s o n o f Fe rgus Le it h d e a rg wh o h ad o ccup i e d D o b h ar a n d I a rd o b h a r w i t h his N e m e d ia ns w e r e dri v e n o u t by t h e C ruit h nigh A nd wh e n w e are t o ld t h a t C ruit hn e c h an s e t t l e d hi s P i c t s i n M ag h Fo rt re nn a n d M a g hghi rghinn we sur e ly h av e t he sam e l e g e nd r e p e a t e d in t h e supp o s e d s e t t l e m e nt o f t h e s o ns o f Co rc k ing o f M u n s t e r w h e n C a irp re C ru i t h n e c ha n a nd M a in e Le a m h na s e t t l e i n M a ghghirgh inn a nd M agh l e a m h na We c a n s e e t h at u nd e r t h e s e l e g e n d s t h e r e s imply l ie s a n a t t e mpt t o e xpr e ss i n t h e s e s t o r i e s t h e p o pular c o n c e p t i o n o f t h e e t h ni c r e lat io ns o f l o c a l t r ib e s W h il e i n t h e s e t al e s t h e t ru e l o c a l it ie s w hich fo r m t h e sc e ne o f t h e m a re v e il e d un d e r fic t it i o us n am e s w h i c h i t i s d ifficul t t o i d e nt ify t h e r e a re o t h e rs w h e r e t h e a ppar e nt d is t i nc t n e ss a n d accuracy w i t h w h i c h t h e l o cal it i e s i v n c a s t a n a ir o f v e r i s i m i l i t u d e o v e r t h e n arr a t i ve a nd e g l e a d t o t h e supp o s it io n t h at t h e r e mus t h av e b e e n s o m e h is t o ri c fo u ndat i on fo r t h e m b ut i n t h e s e c a s e s it w ill g e ne r a lly b e f o u n d t h a t t h e y a re r e a l h is t o r i c e v e nt s w h i c h b e l o ng t o t h e h is t o r i c p e ri o d b u t h av e b e e n t ransp or t e d t o t h e i magi nary r e al m o f my t h i c n arrat i v e by s o m e pr o c e ss a ri s ing fr o m s o m e f a n c ie d r e s e mbl a n c e i n t h e n a m e s o f t h e a c t ors The m o s t s t ri ki ng i ns t a n c e o f t h i s i s in t h e t a l e o f t h e c o n qu e s t s i h A lb a n by t h e D a t hi t h e s e c on d las t o f t h e paga n m o narc h s o f I r e la n d Th e sc e n e i s lai d i n M a ghghi rghinn b ut t h i s n am e we k n o w i s t h e o riginal fo rm o f t h e nam e c o rrup t e d i n t o M e a r ns a nd b e l o ngs t o a d i s t r i c t n ow r e pr e s e n t e d by n
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p ar t o f Fo rfa rs h ir e s o u t h o f i t a n d M ar o n t h e n o r t h H e r e h e fo u gh t t h e ba t t l e s Of S ra t h a nd M a gh gh irgh i nn a nd t h e o t h e r n a m e s m e nt i o n e d i n t h e s t o ry c a n a ls o b e i d e n t ifi e d T u irrin t h e p a lac e o f t h e P i c t i s h k i ng F e re d a c h Fi n n i s no d o ub t t h e h ill o f Tur i n in t h e p a r i s h o f Re s c ob i e i n F o r fa rsh ire ab o u t 6 0 0 f e e t h ig h o n t h e t o p o f w h i c h acc o rd i ng t h e r e h a s e vi t o t h e wr it e r i n t h e o ld S t a t i s t i cal A cc o u n t d e nt ly b e e n a nc ie nt ly a s t r ongh o ld or plac e o f d e f e nc e c o n s is t ing o f vari o us e x t e ns iv e c o nt igu o us bu ild ing s w it h a circul a r ci t ad e l o f ab o u t f o r t y y a rds in d ia m e t e r T h e s it ua t io n h as b e e n w e l l c h o s e n b e i ng s e cur e d by a n i mpr e gn abl e r o ck i n fr o nt muc h l ik e t h e fa c e o f S a l i sbury C rag s a nd o f difficul t acc e ss all a ro u nd I t is n o w call e d K e mp o r C a mp 36 G l e n fe a d ha fi n ds i t s m o d e rn r e pr e s e nt at iv e i n Ca s t l e Fit h ie i n t h e adj o i ni ng p a ris h o f Fa r n e ll w h e r e t o o we n d T h is b a t t l e s e e ms G o rt a n C ha irt h é c o rrup t e d i nt o C a rc a ry h ow e v e r t o h a v e b e e n a n h is t o ri c e v e nt a nd t o h av e r e a lly t ak e n plac e i n t h e e igh t h c e n t ury for t h e o l d c h r o ni cl e r Tigh e rnac r e c o rds i n t h e y e a r 7 5 2 t he b a t t l e o f S t ra t h i n t h e lan d o f C i rc i nn o r M a gh gh irgh in n b e t w e e n t h e P i c t o n e s ” T h e re i n w hi c h Brui d hi s o n o f M a e l c h o n wa s sl a in by a n a n ac h r o nism wh i c h i t is d if c ul t t o e xpl a in t h e w e ll k no wn Bruid h e mac M a e l c h o n wh o d ie d 2 0 0 y e a rs be fo r e T h is ba t t l e r e ally t o o k t a k e s t h e pl a c e o f Fe re d a c h Fi nn plac e in t h e r e ign o f t h e g re at P i ct is h k ing A ngus s o n o f F e rgus b u t we nd i n 7 6 3 e l e v e n y e a rs a f t e r t h i s b a t t l e was fough t t h e Pi c t i s h t h r o n e o ccup i e d by C i na d o n so n o f F e re d a ch a nd a t t h e s a m e t im e t h e pr inc e wh o rul e d o v e r D a l r ia da a ft e r i t s c o n qu e s t by t h e P i c t is h m o n arc h is M u re d a c h ua D a thi or ra ds s n o n o f D a t hi h a m e b a t t l e a pp e a rs a T e g c e nt ury lat e r i n H e c t or Bo e c e s fic t it i o us n arr a t i v e wh e r e t h e S t a t A c c (1 7 9 1 v o l x iv i nt P i c ton s inv ic m in q u c e c i n —T i g h il h o 2 c d it 6 0 m M i h i a u d B P C a th a sre i t h i n t e rr C irc in C hr o n P i c t s a n d S c o t s p 7 6 .
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u nd e r t h e ir k ing A lp in d e fe a t a nd slay o n t he sa m e sp o t Fe re d a c h k ing o f t h e Pi c t s W h e n we s e e t h e s e I r is h m o narc h s h o w e v e r n ot o nly c onqu e ri ng A lban an d mak ing s e t t l e m e nt s t h e r e b u t e x t e nd ing t h e i r c o n qu e s t s o v e r Br it a in a n d G a ul a n d carry ing t h e ir a rms e v e n t o t h e fo o t o f t h e A lps i t i s d ifficu l t t o av o i d t he susp i c ion t h at we h a v e h e r e l o cal is e d as I ris h k ing s s o m e o f t h e Ro man e mp e r o rs c o nne c t e d w it h t he Ro m a n pr o v in c e i n Brit a in a nd s o m e o f t h e i r ac t s t r a nsfe rre d t o I r e la n d a nd t h at t h i s is t h e t ru e s o urc e o f m a ny o f t h e s e fa bul o us e v e nt s s o far a s t h e r e i s a ny f o u n da t io n fo r t h e m a t a ll T h us we nd a p a rall e l t o t h e r e v o l t o f t h e A t t a c ht uat h a o r s e rv i l e t rib e s o f I r e la n d a a in s t t h e M i l e s ia n k in s w h i c h g g wa s fi na lly suppr e ss e d by T u a t h a l Te a c h t mh ar i n t h e i nsur r e ct i on o f t h e s e rf p o pul a t io n o f G a ul c a ll e d t h e Ba ga ud ae i n t h e r e ig n o f t h e e mp e r o r D i o cl e t i a n w h ic h was suppr e ss e d by his c o ll e ag u e H e rc uliu s M a x i mia n C a irb re C inn c a it wh o was e na bl e d t o s e iz e t h e t h r o ne o f I r e l a n d as t h e ir l e a d e r a nd r e igne d ve y e ars h as hi s c o u nt e rp a r t i n C a ra u si us wh o by t h e h e lp o f t h e s e Ba aud ae r e v o l t e d a a ins t M a x im i an a nd g g rul e d for s e v e n y e ars in Br it a in as a n i n d e p e n d e nt e mp e r o r C o n n o f t h e h u n dr e d b a t t l e s u n d e r w h o m I r e l a n d b e cam e d i v i d e d i nt o t wo pr o vinc e s m a y b e a s h a d o w o f C on s t a nt ine t h e G r e a t i n w h o s e t i m e t h e pr o v i n c e s o f Br i t a in w e r e d ivi d e d ; a n d i n N i a ll o f t h e N in e H o s t a e s a nd D a t hi t h e fi h t e r O o f s g g m a ny b a t t l e s wh o carri e d t h e i r arms t o t h e f o ot o f t h e A lp s we m a y p o ss ibly r e c o g ni s e T h e o d o s i us a n d M a x i m us t h e e mp e r o rs wh o pr e c e d e d t h e t e rm in a t i o n o f t h e Ro ma n p o w e r in Brit a in a nd fo u g h t b a t t l e s i n N o r t h Br it a in Th e C on qu e s t s i n A lb a n u n d e r C ri mt h a n M or mac Fid h aigh a nd his d e s ig na t ion a s k ing o f E rinn a nd A lb a n ha v e p e r h a ps a h is t o r i c fo u n dat i o n o f a d i ffe r e nt k in d T h e r s t r e a lly h is t o r i c a l app e ar a n c e o f t h e S c o t s in Bri t ain is in t h e y e ar 36 0 w h e n i n c o nju n c t io n w it h t h e Pi c t s t h e y at t ack e d S c ot s
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pr o vinc e in B rit a in Th e a t t a ck wa s r e p e a t e d by t h e S c o t s a nd Pi c t s wh o w e r e n o w j o i ne d by t h e A t t a c o t t i a nd S ax o n s in 3 6 4 a n d t h e y rav a ge d t h e w h o l e pr o v in c e t ill t h e y e a r 3 6 9 w h e n t h e y w e r e dr i v e n back by T h e o d o s i us N o w t h e A nna ls o f t h e F o ur a nd t h e pr o v i n c e r e s t o r e d M as t e rs plac e t h e c o mm e n c e m e nt o f C rimt ha n s r e ig n in 3 6 6 Th e p e rio d o f his supp o s e d a nd h e r e ig ne d t w e lv e y e ars c o nqu e s t s i n N o r t h Brit a in syn c h r onis e s w i t h t h e app e a ran c e o f t h e S c o t s i n Brit ai n as r e c o rd e d by t h e Ro m a n h is t o r ia n S o als o t h e subs e qu e nt c o n qu e s t s u n d e r N i all M o r a nd D a t h i a nd t h e supp o s e d s e t t l e m e nt o f t h e M u n s t e r S c o t s u n d e r C o rc k ing o f M uns t e r w it h t h e t h r e e d e vas t a t io ns o f t h e pr o v i nc e by t h e Pi c t s a nd S c ot s r e c o rd e d by G ildas t h e firs t t wo o f wh ic h w e re r e p e ll e d by t h e Ro m a n g e ne ral S t il i c h o a nd t h e l a s t by t h e pr o vi nc i al Brit o ns t h e ms e lv e s Th e p e r i o d o f t h e s e a t t acks e x t e n d e d fr o m t h e y e a r 3 6 0 t o 4 0 9 b u t i t i s quit e cl e a r fro m t h e c o n curr e nt t e s t im o ny o f a ll t h e a u t h ori t ie s w h i c h r e c o rd t h e m t h a t t h e S c o t s w e r e dr iv e n back t o I re la nd a nd t h a t t h e y e ffe c t e d n o p e r m a n e n t s e t t l e m e nt i n Brit ai n t ill t h e e nd o f t h e s i x t h c e n t ury w h e n t h e D a l ria d ic c o l o ny was e s t abl is h e d i n t h e s o u t h e rn p a r t o f t h e g r e at w e s t e r n d is t ri c t o f A rre gai t h e l o r A rgyll We h av e t h e n prio r t o t h a t dat e m e re ly t e mp o ra ry c o n E ly nn ti qu e s t s i n t h e pr o v i n c e o f Br it a in c o m m e n c i ng i n 3 6 0 w h ic h b tw n S t l nd affo rd t h e s ol e h is t o ri c bas is t o t h e s e supp o s e d s e t t l e m e nt s a nd nd nd I l t h e re is no r e as o n t o supp o s e t h at pri o r t o 3 6 0 a s i ng l e S c o t e v e r s e t f oo t i n N o r t h Br i t a in T h e c o nne c t io n b e t w e e n t h e t wo c o u nt rie s o f S c o t la n d a nd I re l an d wa s n ot wi t h s t a n d ing a v e ry int imat e o n e I t i s qu i t e cl e a r t h a t pr io r t o t h e s e t t l e m e nt o f t h e S c o t s i n D alria d a t h e g r e a t n a t i o n o f t h e C ru it h n igh o r Pi c t s fo rm e d t h e s o l e i nh ab i t a nt s o f Bri t ain no r t h o f t h e Firt h s o f Fo r t h a n d C lyd e b u t w h il e we nd t h e m during t h e h is t o ri c p e rio d l ik e w is e in p o ss e ss i o n o f t h a t par t o f t h e pr o v in c e o f Uls t e r k no w n as D a l na ra id h e o r D ala ra d ia a nd U 1a d h e xt e nd t h e Ro m a n
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al o ng it s e as t e r n s h o r e t o t h e b o rd e r o f I r is h D a lria d a a nd l ik e w is e o f t h a t part o f M e a t h t e rm e d M a g h br e g or Bre g ia y e t t h e s e e arly l e ge nds pr e s e nt t h e m t o us as fo rm ing t h e or iginal inh a b it a nt s o f t h e nor t h o f I r e la nd a nd as c o ns t i t u t ing o ne gr e a t na t i o n p e o pl i ng t h e n o r t h e r n d is t r ic t s o f Brit ai n a n d G all o way o n t h e e a s t s i d e o f t he C h a nn e l a n d t h e w h o l e pr o v i n c e o f U ls t e r a nd par t o f M e at h o n t h e w e s t e r n w h il e t h e S c o t s o cc u p ie d t h e r e s t o f L e ins t e r Th e C ru it h nigh a n d t h e w h o l e o f C o n n au gh t a n d M u ns t e r Of b o t h c o u nt r ie s w e r e t h us su b s t a nt ia lly o ne p e o pl e a nd re maine d s o t ill t h e b e gi nni ng o f t h e s e v e nt h c e nt ury a nd dur i ng t h i s t im e t h e r e mus t h av e b e e n a c ons t a nt i nt e rc o m mu n i c a t i o n b e t w e e n t h e t r i b e s o n b o t h s i d e s o f t h e C h a n n e l as w e ll as a c o mmu nit y o f e arly l e ge n ds am ong t h e m T h us t h e P i c t is h C h r o ni cl e t e lls us t h a t t h i r t y k i ng s o f t h e na m e o f Bru id e rul e d o v e r H ib e rni a a nd A lb a ni a duri ng a p e r io d o f 1 5 0 y e a rs a nd t h e I r i s h N e nn ius d e r i v e s t he s t at e m e nt fr o m t h e b o o ks Of t h e Crui t h nigh w h il e a n e arly l e ge n d o f t h e P i ct s o f D a lnara id h e s t a t e s t h a t t h ir t y k ing s o f t h e Cru i t h nigh rul e d o v e r E rin a nd A lban vi z o f t h e C ruit h nig h o f A lban o f t h e D a l na ra id h e fr o m Ol l a mh a n fr o m a nd o f Er i n viz w h e n c e c o m e s M ur Ol la mh a n a t Te amh a ir o r T ara t o Fi a c h a mac Bae d a n wh o fe t t e r e d t h e h o s t age s o f E ri n a nd Al b a n T h i s lat t e r e v e nt was i n t h e h is t ori c t im e a nd mus t h av e o ccurr e d b e t w e e n 5 8 9 a n d 6 2 6 wh e n Fi a c h a mac Ba e d a n was k ing o f U ls t e r Fr o m t h i s p e ri o d m ay t h e r e for e b e dat e d t he p o l it i cal s e p a rat i on o f t h e Pi c t s o f A lban fr o m t h o s e o f Erin T h e sam e wh o h ad h i t h e r t o b e e n g o v e r ne d as o ne n a t i o n l e ge n d l ik e w i s e i nf o rm s us t h a t s e v e n k ing s o f t h e Or nit h nig h o f Al b a n g o v e r ne d Eri nn i n T e a mh air o r Tara Ollam h was t h e n am e o f t h e firs t k i ng t h a t g o v e rne d E r inn a t Te a mh a ir a nd in C ruac h a n t h ir t y y e ars I t i s fr o m h i m M ur Olla mh a n a t T e a mh a ir i s by h im wa s t h e f e as t o f T e a mh air firs t i ns t it u t e d T h e n af t e r n a m ing h is s ix succ e ss ors t h e
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l e g e n d a dds T h e s e t h e n are t h e s e v e n k ing s t h at r ul e d o v e r 38 T h e s e s e v e n k ing s h o w Erin o f t h e C ru it h nigh o f A lb a n e v e r app e ar i n t h e l is t o f t h e m y t h i c p a g a n k ing s o f I r e la n d a nd a re plac e d as suc h by t h e A nna ls o f t h e F o ur M as t e rs a s far back a s fr o m t h e y e a r o f t h e w o rld 3 8 8 3 t o 4 0 1 9 t h a t is fr o m t h e y e a r 1 3 1 7 t o 1 1 8 1 b e fo r e C h ri s t e a c h o f t h e s e v e n k ings r e ig ning e x a c t ly t h ir t y y e a rs Th e firs t was Ollam h F o d l a wh o i s o f c o urs e s a id t o b e o f t h e rac e o f I r a n d t o him i s a t t r ibu t e d t h e t r ib a l o rg a nis a t i o n o f h i s p e o pl e ; fo r acc o rd ing t o t h e A nn als o f t he Fo ur M a s t e rs it was h e a ls o t h a t app o int e d a T o is e c h o v e r e v e ry T rio c h a C e n d o r bar o ny a nd a Bruigh ig h o v e r e v e ry Ba i l e o r t o w ns h i p wh o w e r e a l l Und e r t h e nam e o f F o d la h e t o s e rv e t h e k ing o f Erin a pp e ars i n t h e P i c t i s h C h r o ni cl e as o ne o f t h e s e v e n s o n s o f Cruit h ne a nd t wo o f his s u c c e s ors viz G e d e Ollgud a c h a n d Finna c h t a a pp e a r in t h e l is t o f t h e P ic t i s h k ing s o f S c o t la n d a mo ng h i s i mm e d i a t e succ e ss o rs a nd pr e c e d e t h e t h ir t y k i ng s T he n umb e rs p e cul iar t o t h e P i c t is h o f t h e na m e o f Bru d e l e ge nds a re s e v e n a nd t h irt y a n d h av e o f c o urs e no c h ro no l ogical s ignificanc e But t h e m o s t brillia nt p e r io d o f t h e my t h i c h i s t o ry o f t h e s e Cruit h nigh o f U ls t e r was t h a t w h e n t h e c h a mp io ns o f t he Ord e r o f t h e Re d Bra nc h a t Ea m h a i n o r Eman i a w e re sup p os e d t o h a v e p e rfo r m e d t h e ir g r e a t a c h ie v e m e nt s T h e y a re pl a c e d i n t h e fabul o us h is t o ry a b o u t t h e c om m e nc e m e nt o f t h e C h ri s t ia n e ra a nd h e r e we n d a bu nd a nt i nd ic a t io n s o f t h e cl o s e c o n n e c t i o n b e t w e e n t h e Cru it h nig h o f Er in a nd o f A lban A m o ng t h e s e a nc ie nt I ri s h t a l e s a re t h r e e w h i c h a re t e rm e d t h e T h r e e S o rr o wful S t o r ie s o f Er in n am e ly t h e s t o ry o f t h e t r a ical f a t e o f t h e c h i ldr e n o f Li r t h e s t o ry o f t h e g 9 3 i n f n ch ldr e o U is e a c h a nd t h e s t o ry o f t h e s o ns o f T uirinn 38 Ch o n of t he P i c t s a nd S c o t of t h f U i n e c h f om c hi ld r n pp 320 a nd 526 w hi h t h q u ot a tio n s a h e e ma d e O Cu y M S M a t e ia ls of A n w i ll b e fo u n d in t h e T a nsa c t io ns o f c ie nt I r i / H is t th G l i c S o c i e t y f D u bl i n y p 3 1 9 Th e s t y ‘
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s e c o n d o f t h e s e t al e s we l e ar n t h a t ab o u t t h is t im e C a t hb a d a D ru id o f t h e P i c t s o f U ls t e r h as t h r e e dau gh t e rs T h e e ld e s t D e c t c u m was t h e m o t h e r o f t h e c e l e brat e d c h a mpio n C uc h u ll in ; t h e s e c o nd A lb e was t he m o t h e r o f N a i s i Ainl e a nd A rd a n t h e t h r e e s o n s o f U is ne ac h a n d t h e t h ird Fi nnc a e mh wa s t h e m o t h e r o f C o n all C e arna c h T h e s e c h amp io n s w e r e all t ra i ne d i n a m il it ary sc h o o l a t S ga t h a ig i n t h e i sl a n d o f S ky e k e p t by A i fe a n d h e r fa t h e r S c a t h a id h a nd by Aife C u c h ullin h a d a s o n C o nnl a o c h wh o s e h is t o ry fo rms on e o f t h e F e nian t a l e s T h e plac e c a ll e d On t h e w e s t s i d e o f t h e S ga t h a ig c a n b e s t ill i d e nt ifi e d p a ris h o f S l at e i n S ky e o n a n i s o l a t e d r o ck o v e r h angi ng t h e a rm o f t h e s e a t e r m e d L o c h Eis h a rt a re t h e r e m a in s o f a n o l d cas t l e no w t e r m e d D un s c a i c h ; a n d b e l o w i t a t a l it t l e d is t a n c e fr o m t h e s h o r e is a small i slan d o n w h i c h is s t ill t o b e s e e n o ne o f t h o s e a nc i e nt v it r i fi e d fo r t s w h i c h a re so cl o s e ly c o nne c t e d w it h t h e s e Fe nia n t al e s I t i s l ik e wi s e call e d D u n sga t h a ig or D un sc a ic h a nd was n o d o ub t t h e s it e o f L o ok i ng acr o ss t h is arm o f t h e s e a A ife s supp o s e d s c h o o l t h e m a gnific e n t a n d m o s t p i c t ur e squ e r a ng e o f t h e C o o l i ns fo r m t h e prin c ipal fe a t ur e i n t h e l a ndscap e a n d h e n c e t h e t h r e e s on s o f U i sne a c h supp o s e d t o h av e b e e n t ra i ne d t o t h e T h e T h r e e F alc o ns u s e o f ar m s h e r e a re t e rm e d i n t h e t al e o f S l e ib h e C ui ll i nn t h a t i s o f t h e C o o l in h ills n o w i mpr o p e rly 40 On t h e ir r e t ur n t o U ls t e r Na is i t e r m e d C u c h ulli n h ills t h e e ld e s t falls i n l o v e w it h a f a i r gi rl D e i rd ri wh o h a d b e e n r e a r e d i n a t o w e r by C o nc h u b h a r k ing o f U ls t e r wi t h N a is i c a rrie s h e r o ff a nd t h e v ie w o f m a k ing h e r his w i fe Fro m t he
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cc omp a nie d by his t wo br ot h e rs a nd o ne h u n dr e d a nd fift y w a rrio rs go e s t o A lban w h e r e t h e y s e t t l e d in a w i ld t h e re in a nd o b t a in e d ma int e n a n c e o f quar t e ra g e t h a t i s a n a pp a n age o r la nd o f ma i nt e n a n c e t o b e h e ld for s e rv i c e fr o m t h e k ing T h e s o ns o f U is ne a c h are sa i d i n t h e t a l e t o o f t h a t c o u nt ry h av e d e fe n d e d by t h e m igh t o f t h e ir h an ds a d is t ri c t a nd a h a lf of A l ba n a nd a re c all e d t h e Thre e D rag ons o f D unm o na d h w h ic h s e e ms t o h av e b e e n t h e r e s id e n c e o f t h e k i ng s as i t aft e r war d s was o f t h e S c ot t i s h k ing s o f D alria d a a n d m a y b e id e nt ifi e d as t h e i s o l a t e d hi ll i n t h e C rina n M o ss o n t h e banks o f t h e r iv e r A d d t he t o p o f w h i c h b e a rs t h e r e main s o f a s t r ong fo r t ificat i on a nd w h i c h was als o call e d D un ad d I n a no t h e r p oe m N ai s i i s sai d t o h a v e v i si t e d t h e dau gh t e r o f t h e L o rd o f D unt re o in o n h is r e t ur n fr o m t h e n o r t h o f I nv e r noi s o r I nv e r n e ss a nd t h i s i s D u nt r oo n a n o ld cas t l e o n t h e nort h S i d e o f L o c h C r i na n T h e plac e w h e r e t h e s o n s o f U i sn e ac h s e t t l e d a n d w h e r e t h e y o b t a ine d t h e i r la n d o f maint e n a n c e was o n t h e n o r t h s h o r e o f t h e a rm o f t he se a call e d Lo c h Et ive w h e r e t h e ir s e at was no ot h e r t h an t h at r e markabl e v i t rifi e d fo r t cr o w ning t h e s u mm it o f a c o ns i d e ra bl e h i ll o n t h e S h o re o f t h e b ay o f A rd mu c h nish n ow c a ll e d D un m a c S ni o c h a n a c o rrup t io n o f t h e nam e D a n mhi e U i sne a e ha n a n d t o w h i c h H e c t o r B oe c e a v e t h e fa n c i ful n am e o f B e re o ni um t re sai d H r h y a e e e g g t o h av e h ad t h r e e b o o t h s o f c h a s e — o n e i n w hi c h t h e y pr e par e d t h e i r f oo d o ne i n w h ic h t h e y a t e i t a nd o ne i n w h i c h t h e y sle pt C onc h ub h ar n o w r e s o lv e s t o t e mp t t h e m t o r e t ur n t o Uls t e r w it h t h e t re a c h e r o us purp os e o f k ill ing t h e m a nd t ak ing D e i rdr e b u t i s t o ld t h at t h e y w i l l n o t c o m e u nl e ss e it h e r Cu c h ullin or C o nall Ce a rnac h o r F e r us so n o f Ro igh g anot h e r o f t h e c h amp io ns o f t he Re d Bran c h w ill go fo r t h e m a nd e nsur e t h e ir saf e t y C u c h ullin a nd C o n all C e a rnac h b ot h r e fus e b ut Fe rg us ag r e e s t o g o fi n ds t h e m a t L oc h n— Ei t e o r Lo c h Et ive a nd a t t h e D a ing hi on mhi c n Uisne c h o r fa s t ne ss a
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p e rsuad e s t h e m t o r e t ur n muc h ag ains t t h e w is h o f D e irdre wh o e xpr e ss e s h e r r e gr e t a t l e av ing t h at e as t e r n lan d w i t h it s d e l igh t ful h a rb o urs a nd bays i t s d e ar b e au t e ous plains o f s o ft v e rdur e a nd i t s spr igh t ly gre e n s id e d h ills a n d t h e n u t t e rs a b e a u t iful l a m e nt o n l e av ing t h at b e l o v e d lan d t h a t e a s t e rn lan d A lban w it h it s w o nd e rs 41 D e irdr e t e lls F e rg us t h a t t h e sway o f t h e s o n s o f U i sn e ac h in A lba n i s gr e at e r t h a n t h a t o f C on c h ubh a r i n Erin a nd h e r lam e nt b e ars t h i s o u t for t h e sc e ne ry o f i t e mbrac e s t h e w h o l e o f t h e e as t e r n par t o f A rgylls h ir e fr o m t h e Li nnh e L o c h t o L o c h L o ng a n d a m o ng t h e pl a c e s m e nt ion e d we c an i d e nt i fy G l e n Et ive a t t h e h e ad o f L o c h Et ive I nist ry nic h i n L o c h A we D un S u ibh ne or C as t l e S w e n in K na pd a l e Gle nl a id h e o r G l e nl o c h y a nd G le nu rc hy a t t h e e as t e nd o f 42 L o c h A we G le nmasa n a nd G l e ndaru e l in Co wall Al ban n o w dr o ps o u t o f t h e t al e a nd it i s u nn e c e ssary for o ur purp o s e t o foll o w fur t h e r t h e t ragi cal fat e o f t h e s on s o f U i s ne ac h aft e r t h e i r r e t urn t o U ls t e r We nd h o w e v e r t h a t C o n all C e a rnac h a n o t h e r o f t h e s e h e r o e s o f t h e C ruit h nig h o f U ls t e r h as l e ft h i s t r a c e s i n t h e sam e p a r t o f t h e c o u nt ry for D e a n M u n ro i n his d e scr ip t ion o f t h e W e s t e rn I sl e s in 1 5 4 9 t e lls us o f D unc h o nill o ne o f t h e gr o up Of t he D un c h o nill G a rve l o c h I sl e s w h i c h lie o ff t h e c o as t o f L o rne a ne iyl e s o mam i t fr o m C on al K e rna c h e a ne s t r e ng t h w h i c h i s a l sme ikl e as t o say i n Engl i sc h e a ne r o u n d cas t l e On e o f t h e l e ge nds o f t h e C ruit h nigh o f U ls t e r t e lls us t hat C o nall C e arna c h marri e d Lo nc e t na t h e dau gh t e r o f Ec hd he Eac h b e o il o f A lba n wh o was a C ruit h nigh by w h o m h e ha d I ria l G li nma r a n d adds T h i s was t he caus e w h i c h br ou gh t 13 C uc h ul ain a nd C ur c i s o n o f D aire fro m A lban t o Erin T h e m o t h e r o f C urc i we l e ar n fr o m o t h e r l e ge n ds was M o ran 41 I h p lxxx vm n ot e A t ra n sl a t i on from t h e o ld e s t c o p y o f i t w i ll b e f o un d i n t h e i n 3 C h onic le s of the P i c ts a nd t ro d u c t i o n to t h e D e a n o f Lis m o r e s S c o t s p 31 9 Book p l xx x v ii of
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pr e s e rve d in S c o t la nd in t h e r i v e r Earn ; i n Fo dla o ne o f t h e s e v e n d is t r ic t s n am e d af t e r t h e s e v e n s o ns o f C ruit h nigh a nd w h i c h i s pr e s e rv e d i n A t h fo t l a t h e o l d n am e o f A t h o ll a nd i n Ba nff We s e e t oo t h at w h e ne v e r a S c o t is said duri ng t h is my t h ic p e r io d t o h av e s e t t l e d in A lba n h e i s usually sa id t o b e t h e s on o f t h e dau gh t e r o f a Pi ct is h k ing T h us C o lla U ais a nd t o h a v e i nh e ri t e d t h r o u g h h is m o t h e r o f t h e rac e o f Ere mo n h as a P i c t i s h m o t h e r a nd s o h av e t h e t wo s o ns o f C o rc k i ng o f M u ns t e r ; a nd t h e r e i s r e as o n t o supp o s e t h at a m ong t h e P ic t is h t rib e s marri age was e x ogam ous a nd t h a t t h e s o n o f a P i c t i s h m o t h e r e v e n by a s t ra n e r was g h e ld t o b e l o ng t o t h e t rib e o f his m o t h e r Ot h e r p oint s o f a c o nne c t i on b e t w e e n t h e s e I ris h l e ge n ds a nd t h o s e o f S c ot land I n t h e s t o ry o f t h e i nsurr e c t io n o f t h e a ls o su g e s t t h e ms e lv e s g A t t a c h t ua t h a o r s e rv il e t rib e s o f I r e la nd a g ai ns t t h e M il e s ian S c o t s we are t o ld t h a t t h e n o b il it y o f t h e la t t e r w e r e c u t off n n by t h e A t t a c h t u a t h a a n d t h a t no ne at a r a t ba qu e t i v e e g g e sc a p e d e x c e p t t h r e e n o bl e s wh o w e r e in t h e i r m ot h e rs w o mb T h is sam e l e ge n d i s r e pr o duc e d i n t h e l e g e n dary h is t o ry of S c o t lan d w h e n t h e supp o s e d d e s t ruc t i on o f t h e Pi c t s by t h e S c o t s i n t h e ni nt h c e nt ury i s sa i d t o h av e b e e n e ffe c t e d i n t he sam e manne r t h e no bl e s o f t h e P i c t s h avi ng b e e n c ut o ff by 46 t h e S c o t s a t a g r e a t banqu e t T h e t w o fo ld d ivi s io n o f t h e S c o t s supp o s e d t o h av e t ak e n plac e i n t h e r e ign o f C o nn o f t h e h u n dr e d bat t l e s h a s als o it s parall e l ism i n S c o t la n d ; a nd i f Be d e r e c ognis e d t he d ivi s ion o f I r e la n d i nt o t h e t wo pr o v in c e s o f t h e N o r t h e r n a n d t h e S o u t h e r n S c o t s h e e qually v ie w e d t h e t e rrit o ry o ccup ie d by t h e gr e a t Pi c t i s h n a t i o n as c o ns i s t ing o f t h e t wo pr o v in c e s o f t h e N o r t h e r n a n d t h e S o u t h e r n P i c t s wh o w e r e s e para t e d fr o m e ac h ot h e r by s t e e p a nd ru gge d m o u nt ain c h ains w i t hin 45
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w h ic h t h e lat t e r h ad s e a t s a d e scrip t i on w h i c h c a n o nly apply t o t h e gre at c h ain o f t h e M ount h e x t e n d ing fr o m t h e Ea s t e rn S e a t o t h e We s t e r n S e a a nd s e parat ing t h e c o u nt i e s o f A b e rd e e n a n d I nv e r n e ss fr o m t h o s e o f K i nc a rd ine F o rfa r a nd P e r t h ; a nd t o t h o s e m i no r c h a ins pr o c e e d ing fr o m i t o n t h e s o u t h w h i c h as t h e y t e rm in at e i n t h e m o r e l e v e l c o u nt ry form t h e gre at barrie r o f t h e so call e d G ramp ia n s T o w a rds t h e e nd o f t h e g r e at Pi c t is h k i ng d o m we nd S c o n e app e a r ing as t h e prin c i pal s e at a nd c e nt ra l p oint o f t h e m on a rc h y a nd Ford un g iv e s as o ne t rad it io n t h a t it h ad b e e n a n c i e nt ly fix e d as t he principal s e at o f t h e k i ng d o m by b ot h t h e P i c t i s h a nd S c ot t is h k ing s a nd as a not h e r t h at t h e a nc ie nt k ing s e v e n fro m t h e t im e o f Cruit hne t h e firs t k ing o f t h e Pi c t s h ad 47 mad e it t h e s e at o f t he k ing d o m o f A lban S c on e i s S it u at e d on t h e l e ft ba nk o f t h e r iv e r Tay a nd w it h in t h e an ci e nt dis t ric t o f G ou e ri n o r G o wry a nd t h e c ircums t a n c e s c onn e c t e d wit h t h i s d is t ri c t a nd w it h S c one as t h e an ci e nt c a p it al o f S c ot lan d pre s e nt fe at ur e s v e ry a n al o g o us t o t h o s e r e c o rd e d i n t h e l e ge n d by w h i c h t h e pr o v in c e o f M e at h was fo rm e d a n d Te amh a ir o r T a ra c o n s t it u t e d t h e c h i e f s e a t o f t h e m o n arc h y A S M e a t h was s it u a t e d w h e r e t h e fo ur a nc i e nt pr o v in c e s o f U ls t e r C o nn augh t M u n s t e r a nd Le in s t e r m e e t so als o G o wry is plac e d in a c e n t ral p o s it i o n w h e r e t h e f o ur a n c i e nt pr ov i n c e s of A lban— n am e ly t h o s e o f S t ra t h e rne a nd M e nt e a t h of A t h oll (t o w h i c h it app e ars a t o n e t im e t o h a v e b e e n a t t ac h e d) o f A ngus a nd M e arn s a n d o f Fi fe a nd F o t h re ve —t o uc h e ac h ot h e r A s t h e o rig in ally sm a ll d i s t r i c t o f M e a t h wa s e nlarge d int o a pr o v in c e by adding fo ur d i s t ri c t s e a c h o f w h i c h was t ak e n fr o m o n e o f t h e o t h e r d is t r i c t s s o we n d t h at t h e r e w e r e fo ur r oyal mano rs o f G o wry vi z t h o s e o f S c one C ub e r t 48 Forgru nd a n d S t ra d e rd e l T h e s e t oo su rro u n d a small 47 F ord u n s C h oni c le e d 1 8 7 4 in p ri nc ip l e s e d re gn i n o s tri fun v ol i pp 22 7 430 d t a in whi c h h e on v y to th e m T h e re is a c h a te r by M a l c o l m t h tit l e s d e qu a t u or m a n e iis m e i s t he F o u th to t h e c n o n s o f S o ne d e G o u e in s c i l i c e t d e S c o n t d e ’
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c e nt ral d is t r ic t a nd e ac h l i e s c o nt ig u o us t o o ne o f t he four pr o v in c e s S c one fo rmi ng t h e w e s t e r n d is t ric t o f G o wry is s e para t e d by t h e r iv e r T a y fr o m t h e old pr o v i nc e o f Fort re nn ; C ub e r t o r C o upar A ngus o n t h e n o rt h e as t a dj o ins A ng us o r F o rfars h ir e ; Fo rgru nd n o w L o ng fo rg an o n t h e s o u t h e as t i s s e para t e d by t h e Tay fro m a paris h i n Fife b e ar ing t h e sam e n am e ; a nd S t ra t h e rd e l or S t ra t h ard l e l ie s o n t h e no r t h wi t h in t he barr ie r o f t h e G ramp ia n s a n d s t r e t c h e s al o ng t h e e as t e r n b o u n dary o f A t h oll A s M e at h was t h e o ld m e nsal land s e t apar t for t h e supp o r t o f t h e C ro w n s o we nd G o wry t o o app e ars t o h av e b e e n a C r o w n d e m e s ne ; a n d a s T e amh a ir o r T a ra was n ot o nly t h e plac e w h e r e t h e A rdri o r s o v e r e ign o f I r e l a n d wa s i n a u ura t e d a nd t h e laws o f t h e g k ing d o m fram e d a nd publ is h e d b ut was s o c o mpl e t e ly re g ard e d as t h e c e nt ral p o int o f t h e m o narch y t h a t t h e k i ng d o m was o ft e n t e rm e d t h e K ing d o m o f Tara so we nd t h e anci e nt k ing s o f A lb a n inau g urat e d a nd t h e laws o f t h e k i ngd om pr o mulgat e d a t S c o ne ; a nd w h e n K e nne t h t h e firs t o f t he S c o t t i s h l in e o v e rt h r e w t h e Pi c t is h dy nas t y h e i s sai d in t h e Old e s t c h r o ni cl e r wh o r e c o rds t h e e v e nt t o h av e acqu i r e d 49 t h e k ing d o m o f S c o ne
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p o pulat io n o f S c ot la n d i n t h e r e ign o f A l e xan d e r t h e Mix d p ul t i n Th ird was as we h av e s e e n o f a v e ry m ix e d c h arac t e r Th e ?f S c otl nd s o u t h e rn fr o nt i e r o f t h e k ing d o m h ad by t h i s t ime b e e n advan c e d t o t h e S olw a y a n d t h e C h e v iot s w h il e t h e ann e x a t ion o f t h e I sl e s i n h i s r e ign h ad e x t e n d e d i t s w e s t e r n b o u ndary t o i t s u t m o s t l im i t s Ov e r t h e w h ol e o f t h is e x t e n d e d t e rri t o ry t h e n am e o f S c o t lan d o r i i nally l imit e d t o g t h e c o u nt ry no r t h o f t he F o r t h a n d C lyd e h ad n o w spr e ad n d t h e a r e a o f t h i s e x t e n d e d k in d o m o ccup ie d by a a nd w e g p opulat io n c on s is t ing o f t h r e e d iffe r e nt rac e s T h e s e w e r e i n t h e m o u nt aino us r e gion o f t h e n o r t h a nd w e s t t h e G a e l or High lan d e rs t h e d e sc e nd ant s o f t h e N o rt h e rn P ic t s o f pur e G a e l i c rac e a n d o f t h e G a e l ic S c o t s wh o h ad s e t t l e d am o ng Th e m o r e f e r t il e a n d l e v e l pla in s fo rm i ng t h e e as t e rn t he m s e ab o ard e x t e nd ing fro m t h e M o ray Fir t h t o t h e C h e v iot s h ad o riginally b e e n p o ss e ss e d by t h e S o u t h e r n P ic t s a m i x e d rac e p a rt ly o f G a e l a nd par t ly o f Bri t on s b ut t he A ngl e s o f N ort h umb e rlan d h ad by d e gr e e s c o l onis e d t h e w h o l e o f it On t h e w e s t t h e Br it o ns o f S t r a t h clyd e h ad e x t e nd e d fr o m t h e C lyd e t o t h e S o lw a y b ut h a d l ik e w i s e gi v e n way t o t h e A ngl i c c o l on isat io n ; w h il e G all o way w e s t o f t h e N i t h was s t ill o ccup i e d by a G a e l i c p e o pl e wh o h ad e ncr o ac h e d up on t h e Br it i s h t e rri t o ry by o ccupy i ng t h e d i s t ri c t o f C arr i ck i n t h e s o u t h t h e N o r t h e r n G a e l h a v ing l ik e w is e e n cr o ac h e d o n it s n o r t h e r n fr o nt ie r by spr e ad ing o v e r t h e di s t ric t o f Le nno x THE
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xcr e sc e nc e up o n t h e c o mm o n u se or pr o p e r t y o f t h e land o ccup ie d by t h e t rib e a nd i s i nc ons is t e nt w it h i t s o ri i n d fe a t ur e i s t h a t t h e s o c ia l u ni t n a l c o n s t i t u i n h s c t o T e e o g was not t h e ind iv idu a l o r t h e fa m ily b ut t h e c o mmu ni t y o r t ri b e T h e o r igin al b on d o f u nio n b e t w e e n t h e m e mb e rs o f t h e t r i b e was no d o ub t t h e b e li e f in a c o mm o n o r igin a c o mm o n d e sc e nt fro m t h e ep onymus w h e t h e r my t h ic o r his t o r i c fr o m w h o m i t t oo k i t s n am e ; b u t i n t h e e arly p e r io d t o w h i c h we mus t r e fe r t h e pur e pr im it iv e trib e w h e n t h e sa nc t io n s o f marr i ag e w e r e u nk n o w n a nd a l o o s e r e la t io n b e t w e e n t h e s e x e s e xi s t e d w h i c h is fai nt ly s h ad o w e d fo r t h i n a fe w scat t e r e d no t i c e s by t h e Ro man au t h o rs o f t h i s r e lat ion am ong t h e C e l t i c i nh ab it an t s o f Br it a i n a n d I r e la n d d e sc e nt t h r o ug h t h e f e mal e s rat h e r t h a n t h e mal e s mus t h av e b e e n v ie w e d as t h e m o r e c e r t a i n l ink a nd i t i s pr o b a bl e t h at h e r e as e ls e w h e r e fe mal e succ e ss ion pr e c e d e d a r epre s e nt at io n t h ro u gh mal e s 6 n n h e n t h a t t h e s o s b e l o d t o t e t r i b o f t h i r m t h rs e a d e o e g Th e e arly s t a t e o f t h e t ri b e h o w e v e r s o on b e cam e m o d ifi e d n ot o nly by i nt e r nal c h a ng e s b ut als o by e x t e r n al i nflu e nc e s Of t h e s e e x t e r nal i nflu e n c e s n ot t h e l e as t p o w e rful a nd p ro bably t h e r s t i n o rd e r wa s t h e i nt r o duct ion o f C h ri s t i anit y a nd t h e adap t a t io n o f t h e Ch r is t i a n C h urc h t o t h e t ribal sys t e m T he t r i b e was t h us br o u gh t i nt o c ont act w it h a Th e lax r e la h ig h e r c iv il isat io n a nd a pur e r c o d e o f m o rals t io n s b e t w e e n t h e s e x e s w h i c h s t i ll surv i v e d mus t h a v e b e e n ch e ck e d a nd c ont r o ll e d t h e sanc t i o n o f m arriage e nfo rc e d by w h i c h t he fat h e r i s plac e d i n his l e git imat e p o s it ion as h e ad o f t h e fam ily a nd t h e r igh t s o f t h e c h ildr e n w e re cl e arly d e fi ne d a nd t h e o ld e r c onne c t io n o f t h e m e mb e rs of t h e t ri b e t h r o u gh fe mal e s r e duc e d i n s o m e cas e s t o a n o cca s iou al righ t o f succ e ss io n t h r o u g h t he m o t h e r w h il e in o t h e rs i t e nt i r e l y d isapp e ar e d is
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ld e s t t e nur e by w h ic h land wa s h e ld was t h a t by t h e L a nd t rib e i n c o mm o n W h e n t h e t rib e s pass e d fro m t h e h u nt ing ommo n a nd no mad s t a t e t o t h e pas t o ral a nd b e cam e p o ss e ss e d o f large h e rds o f cat t l e i t was a n a t ural c o n s e qu e nc e t h at e ac h t rib e s h o uld appr o pr i at e a sp e ci al t e rri t o ry fo r t h e i r b e tt e r m a na g e m e n t T h e w h o l e o f t h e r e gul a t io n o f t h e s e a n c ie nt laws i s e vi d e nt ly bas e d up o n t h e fac t t h at c a t t l e fo rm e d t h e princ ipal pr op e r t y o f t h e o riginal t rib e s a nd l ong af t e r i nd i v idual pr o p e r t y i n lan d h ad b e c o m e a n e ss e nt ia l e l e m e nt i n t h e c on s t it u ti o n o f t h e t r ib e ca t t l e s t ill fo rm e d t he s t andard o f valu e by w h i c h e v e ry t h in t i t was s ma d T h a a r igh t e t e g o f i nd i v i dual pro p e r t y i n t h e ca t t l e e x i s t e d a t a v e ry e arly p e rio d s e e ms v e ry e v i d e nt b ut t h e l a n d o n wh i c h t h e y w e r e pas t ur e d was t h e c o mm on pr o p e r t y o f t h e t rib e a nd aft e r t h e cul t iv a t io n o f lan d b e g an t h e arabl e la n d wa s a nnually d ivid e d i nt o l o t s t o o n e o f w h i c h e ac h m e mb e r o f t h e t ri b e h a d a r igh t The sp e ci a l d is t ri c t o ccup ie d by t h e t rib e w o uld t h us c ons is t o f p a s t ur e la n d h e ld by t h e t r ib e i n c o m m on o n w hi c h e ac h m e mb e r h a d a r ig h t t o p a s t ur e t h e c a t t l e w h i c h b e l o ng e d t o hi m a r a bl e la n d d i vi d e d i nt o l o t s w h i c h w e r e a nnually or a n d u no ccup ie d a n d was t e a t c e r t a in p e ri o ds ass igne d t o him land r e mai ning as t h e c o mm o n pr o p e rt y o f t h e t r ib e T h e s e righ t s b e lo nge d h o w e v e r t o t he pr o p e r m e mb e rs o f D i tin tion t h e t r ib e o nly wh o w e r e as such o n a n e qual i t y w it h e ac h o t h e r ; b ut t h e r e s o o n cam e fr o m o t h e r e x t e r n al i nflu e nc e s t o b e a d is t in c t i o n b e t w e e n t h o s e dw e ll i ng w it h in t h e b o u n d s T he fre e o f t h e Tu a t h o f S a ar o r fr e e a n d D a or o r u n fr e e m e n o f t h e t ri b e w e r e al o ne r e c og ni s e d as p o ss e ss ing righ t s d e riv e d fro m t he o riginal c on s t it u t i on o f t h e t ri b e T he o r i in o f t h e cl a ss o f t h e u n fr e e i s t h us s t a t e d i n c o nn e c t io n g w it h t h e l e ge ndary his t ory o f I r e l a nd Th e firs t rac e o f t h e m w e r e t h e r e m n an t o f t h e Fi rb o l g t h e ms e lv e s t oge t h e r w it h t h e r e m na nt o f t h e Tu a t h D e D a naa n t h e l e g e n dary p e o pl e wh o pr e c e d e d t h e M il e s ia n S c o t s Th e s e c o n d rac e Th e
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p e o pl e who pass e d fr o m t h e ir o wn c o u n t r ie s t h e y b e ing d e sc e nd e d fro m S a or c hla nn (o r fre e t rib e s ) wh o w e nt u n d e r D a or c hi os (s e rv il e r e nt ) t o a n o t h e r t rib e Th e t h ird p e o pl e w e r e t h e rac e o f t h e S a or c hla nn w h o s e la n d was c onv e r t e d i nt o F e a r a nn c hla i d h i mh (sw o rd la n d o r c o n qu e r e d c o u nt ry ) i n t h e ir o wn t e rrit o ry a nd wh o r e ma ine d in it i n b o ndage u n d e r t h e p o w e r o f t h e i r e ne m ie s T he four t h rac e w e r e p e o pl e o f S a ar c hia n a wh o p a ss e d i nt o b o ndage for t h e ir e vil d e e ds a nd wh o l os t t h e ir bl o o d a nd t h e ir l a n d t h r ou gh t h e i r e v i l d e e ds acc o rd i ng t o t h e l a w T h e fif t h p e o pl e w e r e t h o s e wh o ca m e fro m s t ra nge r s o ld ie rs i e fr o m e x t e rna l m e rc e n ari e s wh o l e ft pr o p e rt y i n Erin The s i x t h rac e w e r e t h e p e o pl e wh o w e r e d e sc e nd e d fr o m t h e b on dm e n wh o cam e w it h t h e M il e s ian s int o Er in t h at i s wh o a nd t h e ir fo r e 7 fat h e rs h ad always b e e n b o n dsm e n Be s i d e s t h is gr e a t d is t in c t i o n b e t w e e n t h e fr e e a n d t he u nfre e t h e fr e e m e mb e rs o f t h e t rib e c o nt a ine d w it h i n t h e m s e lv e s o ne d is t inc t i on w h i c h mus t h av e always e x is t e d am o ng t h e m a nd t h e g e rms o f o t h e rs w h ic h b e cam e gradually m o r e pr o m in e nt as t h e o p e r a t i o n o f t h e caus e s w h i c h l e d t o t h e m m o r e a nd m o r e i nflu e n c e d t h e c o n s t i t u t i on o f t h e t r ib e T h at c o mb inat i o n w h i c h pr o duc e d t h e t rib e mus t fr o m t h e b e ginning h a v e h ad l e ad e rs a nd o t h e r ne c e ssary o f c e b e ar e rs ; s o m e o ne am o ng t h e m mus t h av e h ad supr e m e a u t h o rit y as j udge in t im e o f p e ac e a nd t h e t rib e mus t h av e h ad a c o m p e t e nt l e ad e r in t i m e o f war S uc h fu nc t io n arie s w e r e me c e s s a ry as b on ds o f u ni on ; w it h o u t t h e m t h e t r ib e c ould not h av e b e e n k e p t t oge t h e r in any t h ing l ik e s o cial u nion ; a nd a s t h e t ie w h i c h b o u n d t h e fr e e m e m b e rs o f t h e t rib e t oge t h e r was t h e b e l ie f i n a c o mm on o rigin— a c o mm o n d e sc e nt fro m a my t h i c ep onymus fro m w h o m t h e t r ib e t oo k it s na m e — so t he Ri or k ing wh o was a t t h e h e ad o f t h e t rib e h e ld t h at p os it io n n o t m e r e ly by e l e c t i on b u t as t h e r e pr e s e nt a t i v e in t h e s e nio r ,
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c o mm on a nc e s t o r a n d h ad a h e r e d it a ry cl a i m t o A S t h e supr e m e au t h o r it y a n d j udg e o f t h e t h e i r o b e d ie n c e T h i s wa s his p ri m ary fun c t io n t ri b e h e was t h e I ii o r k ing T h us we a re t o ld t h a t i t i s l a wful for a k ing t o h av e a j udg e 8 A s t h e l e a d e r i n war h e was t hough he hi mse lf i s a j udg e t h e Toi sec h o r C a p t a in a n d b o r e t h e o n e o r t h e o t h e r t it l e as e it h e r fu nc t io n b e ca m e m o s t pr o mine nt w h i l e i n s o m e c a s e s t h e s e fu n c t io n s m igh t b e s e p a ra t e d a n d h e ld by d iffe r e nt fu nc t ionarie s A l t h ou g h t h e Ri or k ing d e ri v e d h is au t h o rit y fr o m hi s cl a i m t o b e t h e s e nior r e pr e s e nt at iv e o f t h e c o mm o n a n c e s t o r t h e o ffic e was s t ill fro m t h e n e c e ss i t y o f b e ing fill e d by a pr op e rly qu a l ifi e d p e rs o n t o a c e r t ain e x t e nt e l e c t iv e I t was h e r e d i t a ry i n a c e r t ai n fam i ly b ut e l e c t iv e am o ng t h e m e mb e rs o f t h at fa m ily ; a n d a n add it i onal safe g u a rd ag ains t t h e t r ib e b e ing l e ft w i t h o u t a pr o p e r h e ad was pr o v i d e d by a no t h e r m e mb e r o f t h e fa mily b e ing e l e ct e d T a na i st o r suc c e ss o r t o t h e Ri o r k ing i n t h e e v e nt o f h is d e a t h T h a t t h e h e r e d it ary c h a rac t e r o f t h is o ffic e e x i s t e d fr o m prim it iv e t im e s i s appar e nt fro m t h is t h at a s o m e w h a t s im il a r law o f s u cc e s s io n pr e vail e d i n t h e e arly I r is h Ch urch t h e abb ot o r h e ad o f t h e m o n as t e ry b e i ng c h o s e n fr o m a par t i cul a r fam ily ; a nd w h il e t h e in flu e nc e o f t h e C h urc h m ay h av e c o nfirm e d i f i t d id 9 a no t e s t abl is h a s t ri c t d e sc e nt i n t h e mal e l ine in t h e t rib e h e r e dit a ry succ e ss ion in t h e C h urc h mus t h ave b e e n d e riv e d fr o m t h e cl o s e c onne c t ion w h i c h h ad b e e n fo rm e d b e t w e e n t h e C h urc h a n d t h e t ri b e a nd fr o m t h e i nflu e n c e o f t h e t ri b e up on t h e C h urc h a nd n ot o f t h e C h urc h up on t h e t rib e W h il e t h e w h o l e o f t h e la nd was s t ill t h e c o mm o n pr o p e r t y o f t h e t ri b e t h e Ri o r k ing h ad n o s e parat e p o ss e ss io n o f la nd b ut i n t h is r e sp e c t was on a n e qu a l it y w it h t h e fre e m e mb e rs o f t h e t ri b e a n d e nt it l e d o nly t o t h e s a m e r i h t o f pas t ura e g g for his ca t t l e o n t he pas t ur e l a n d a n d t o t h e s h are o f t h e l ine
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arabl e la n d a nnually all o t t e d t o h im b ut i n a dd it ion t o t h is h e was ma int a ine d in t h e d ig nit y o f his o ffi c e a t t h e e xp e n s e o f t h e t r i b e a nd t h is r igh t o f m a int e na n c e acc o rd ing as t h e t r ib e a nd i t s w e al t h i ncr e a s e d assum e d var io us fo rms o ne o f w h i c h may h av e ar is e n fro m t h e influ e n c e o f t h e C h urc h a nd v firs mp i n t h t i uls e t o s o m e t h i ng l i k e s e p a r a t e p o ss e ss io n e e g o f la nd Wh e n t h e C h urc h was e s t ablis h e d in c onne ct ion wit h a t rib e a g ra nt o f par t o f t h e t r ib e la n d a n d i t s s e par a t i o n fr o m t h e r e s t b e cam e a n e c e ss it y fo r t h e m a in t e na n c e o f t h e C h urc h a n d t h us t h o s e T e rm o n la n ds w h i c h f o rm s o mark e d a fe at ur e i n t h e t e rri t o ria l p o s it io n of t h e I ri s h C h urch cam e i nt o e x is t e n c e A nal og o us t o t h i s o ne f orm w h i c h t h is righ t o f maint e nan c e on t h e p a r t o f t h e Ri or k ing assum e d was t h at a p o r t io n o f la n d was l ik e w i s e s e parat e d fr o m t h e c o mm on lan d o f t h e t rib e as m e ns a l lan d for t h e supp or t o f t h e d ig nit y o f t h e Ri o r k i ng fo r t h e t i m e b e ing A no t h e r caus e mus t als o o f n e c e ss it y h av e pr o duc e d d is t in ct io n o f p o s it ion b e t w e e n t h e fre e m e mb e rs o f t h e t rib e S uc h a n e qual i t y as m a y b e h e ld t o h a v e e xi s t e d o rig inally am ong t h e m e mb e rs o f t h e t rib e c an h ardly h av e b e e n p re s e rv e d u nl e ss t h e r e was als o a n e qu alit y in t h e i r p e rs ona l c h aract e r is t i cs a nd t hei r w e al t h in c a t t l e T h e n at ural o p e ra t io n o f d iffe r e n c e s o f c h arac t e r a nd w e al t h was t o cr e a t e d ist inc t iv e class e s am ong t h e m T h o s e o f sup e r io r ab ili t ie s s o on t ak e t h e l e a d o f o t h e rs a nd t h o s e w h o s e prud e n c e a nd sagacit y e na bl e d t h e m t o i n cr e as e t h e ir p o ss e ss ion o f ca t t l e mus t s o on h av e o ccup i e d a m o r e i mp o r t a nt p o s it io n i n t h e t ri b e as t h e ir s h ar e o f t h e a nnual all o t m e nt o f land wa s r e gu lat e d by t h e s i z e o f t h e i r h e rd T h us t h e r e cam e t o b e r e c og n i se d i n t h e t r i b e a g rada t io n o f ra nks fo u n d e d up o n t h e p os s e ss i o n o f p e rs onal w e al t h a nd i mp o rt anc e Th e l o w e s t grad e i n t h e t r ib e was t h e Fe r M i d ha o r i n f e ri o r m a n o f w h om A s s oo n as a m e mb e r o f t h e t rib e t h e r e w e r e t wo class e s r e ac h e d t he age o f four t e e n h e wa s e man c ipat e d fr o m t h e c on ,
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par e nt s a nd a cqu ire d c e rt ain r ig h t s b ut was not v e s t e d w it h h is full pr i vil e g e s t ill t h e e n ci rcl ing of t h e b e ard t h a t i s t ill h e b e cam e t w e nt y y e a rs old w h e n h e wa s e nt it l e d t o a s e par a t e r e s id e nc e (S a i n t r e bht a ) a nd a s h ar e o f t h e t r i b e la n d (S e a lbh) A b o v e t h e Fe r M id ha wa s t h e B oa i re or C owl ord w h o s e sup e ri o r w e a l t h i n cat t l e w i t h t h e e xclus iv e p oss e ss io n o f a h om e s t e a d g av e h im a k in d o f n o b il it y o v e r Of t h e Boa i r e class t h e r e w e re s ix g rad e s t h e t ri b e s m a n Th e l o w e s t ran k t o w h i c h t h e t i t l e o f A i r e was gi v e n was t he Og a i re o r y o u ng l o rd wh o h a d n e wly t a k e n h o u s e h old sh i p up on him His pr o p e r t y was r e ck o n e d by t h e numb e r s e v e n He h a d s e v e n c o ws w i t h t h e i r bull s e v e n p igs w i t h a b o ar s e v e n s h e e p a nd a h ors e for w o rk a n d r i d ing He p o ss e ss e d a h ous e b ut no lan d in pr o p e rt y T h e l a n d r e qu ir e d for t h e supp or t o f s e v e n c o ws was t e rm e d a Co w land a nd h e l e ft o ne c o w a t t h e e n d o f t h e y e ar i n p a y m e nt for i t He h a d t h e fo ur t h par t o f a pl o u g h a n d t h e r e f o r e h is p o ss e ss io n wit h t h e ar a bl e la n d at t ac h e d t o i t fo rm e d pr o b a bly t h e fo ur t h par t o f a pl o u g h g a t e o r t h i r t y a cr e s e qu i val e n t t o t h e h usba nd land in S c o t land Th e n e x t h ig h e r gra d e was t h e t e n ant re s i d e nt (A i thec h a r a t hr e ba ) H e r e pr e s e n t e d a sm a ll c om mu nit y o f fo ur or ve o ccupy ing j oint ly a s muc h l a n d a nd p oss e ss ing i n c o mm o n as muc h s t o ck as w o uld e nt i t l e a s ingl e p e rs on t o b e a B oa i re He h a d t e n c o ws t e n p igs t e n s h e e p b ut l ik e t h e Og a i r e t h e fo ur t h par t o f pl o ugh ing apparat us w h i c h i s h e r e d e fi n e d t o b e a n o x or pl o ugh s h ar e a go a d a n d a bri dl e H e was so na m e d a s o ccu py i ng a par t o nly o f a s muc h lan d as w o uld e nt i t l e hi m t o b e call e d a Boa ir e al ong w it h o t h e rs t h e j oint p o ss e ss i o n b e ing su ffic ie nt fo r t h e purp o s e A b o v e h im was t h e B oa i r e f e bhs a s o call e d b e caus e i t i s fro m c o ws his rank as a n A i r e a nd h is h ono r pr i c e a re d e riv e d H e h ad la n d o f t h e v a lu e o f t w i c e s e v e n He h a d a h o us e w it h a bac k Cumha ls o r fo r t y t wo c o ws h o us e or k it c h e n a sh a r e i n a m ill a k il n a barn a s h e e p t ro l
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h ous e a cal f h o us e an d a p igs t y e T h e s e a re t h e s e v e n h ous e s fr o m w h ic h e a c h B oa i r c was ra t e d a nd fo rm e d t h e c o mpl e t e Ra t h o r h o m e s t e a d I t was surr o u n d e d by a pr e c in c t or M a ig ne w h i c h was a spac e as far as t h e B oa i re c o uld cas t a S p e ar w it h a n i r o n h e ad o r h a m m e r s it t ing a t t h e d oo r o f his h o us e a nd was i nv i o labl e T he w h o l e wa s u sually e ncl o s e d by a d it c h a nd e a r t h e n rampar t A nd h e p oss e ss e d t w e lv e c o ws a nd h alf a pl o u gh L a n d o f t h e valu e o f t h r e e t im e s s e v e n Cu mha ls or s ix t y t h r e e c o ws a nd t h e p o ss e ss ion o f t w e nt y c o ws t wo b u lls s ix bull o cks t w e nt y h o g s t w e nt y s h e e p fo ur h o us e fe d h ogs t wo s o ws a nd a r i d ing h ors e -
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mad e him a B ru ig hf e r a n d e nt a il e d up on h im t h e burd e n of r e c e iv ing t h e k ing b i s h o p p o e t o r j ud g e fr o m o ff t h e r o ad as w e ll a s a ll t ra v e ll e rs A nd h e r e t oo t h e c o ur t o f j ud gm e nt was h e ld fo r t h e t r ib e a nd t h e a ss e mbly o f t h e t ri b e s m e n W h e n t h e B oa i r e p o ss e ss e d s o larg e a n am ou nt t o o t h e rs h e o f s t o ck as t o b e o bl ig e d t o g iv e Off s o m e b e c o m e s a Fe rfothla a nd t h e e xc e ss o f his cat t l e w h i c h hi s o wn la n d ca nno t sus t a i n w h i c h h e ca nno t s e ll for la n d a nd w h i c h h e d oe s no t h i m s e lf r e qu ir e h e giv e s as t h e pr o p o r t io na t e s t o ck o f t e n a nt s (Ce i le ) Th e h ig h e s t grad e o f t h e B oa i r e was t h e A i re c bi 37i ng wh o r e pr e s e nt e d t h e p e o pl e b e fo r e t h e k ing a nd t h e sy no d Th e sup e r io r p o s it io n in w h i c h t h e Ec ui r e was plac e d t o wards t h e o t h e r m e m b e rs o f t h e t ri b e h i s m o r e e x t e ns i v e s t o ck a nd t h e e xclus i v e p o ss e ss io n o f hi s h o m e s t e ad mus t h av e nat urally l e d t o a d e s ire t o r e t a in t h e sam e lan d in his fam ily in s t e ad o f b e i ng subj e c t e d t o annual c h a nge ; a nd t h e larg e r h is p o ss e ss io n t h e m or e e as il y h e w o ul d o b t ain t h is w h i c h was a n i ne v it abl e s t e p t o t he i nt r o duc t io n o f r igh t s o f pri v a t e pr o p e rt y i n t h e lan d o f t h e t rib e W h e n t h e sam e fam ily h ad r e t ain e d p o ss e ss i on o f lan d for t h r e e ge ne rat i ons i t cam e a t l e ngt h t o c o n s t i t u t e a righ t o f pr o p e rt y a nd t h us a class o f t e rrit o r ial l o rds was cr e at e d w h o s e p o s it i on as A ires ,
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bas e d up o n pr o p e rt y i n l a nd T h i s r igh t o f pro p e rt y a nd a l l t h e pri v il e e s c o nn e c t e d w it h i t was t e rm e d D e i s a nd t h e y g fo rm e d a sup e r io r class o f t e rrit o ri a l magnat e s wh o w e re t e rm e d Fla i th o r c h ie ft a i n s a nd c o n s t it u t e d a n o rd e r t e rm e d t h e Gra d F la i th i n c o nt rad i s t in c t io n t o t h e Gr a d F e i ne o r i nf e ri o r o rd e r I n t h e d iv i s i on o f t h e s e re sp e c t iv e o rd e rs if n o t i n t h e a c t ual i nt r o duc t io n o f a n i n d iv i du a l r ig h t o f pro p e r t y i n la n d we c a n ag ain t rac e t h e i nflu e n c e o f t h e C h ris t ian C h urc h In o n e o f t h e t ra c t s fo rm i n t o ll e c t io n o f laws t e rm e d t h e c h e g Br e h o n b ut no t o ne o f t h e m o s t a n c i e nt t h e f o ll o w ing acc o u nt o f t h e s e d iv i s i o n s i s H o w ma ny d iv is i on s a re t h e r e g iv e n of t he se l —Se ve n W h a t is t h e d iv is i on o f t h e g r a d e s o f a Tuat h d e riv e d fr o m — F r o m t h e s im il it ud e o f e ccl e s ia s t ical o rd e rs for it i s pr o p e r t h at fo r e v e ry o rd e r w h ic h is i n t h e C h urc h t h e r e s h o uld b e a c o rre sp o n d ing o ne in t h e Tuat h But t h i s numb e r o f s e v e n i s pure ly arb i t rary fo r we are t o ld t h a t t h e g rad e s o f t h e Tu a t h c o n s is t o f t h e F e r M id b a t h e Bo a ire t h e A i r e d e sa t h e A i r e a rd t h e A ir e t uis e t h e A ire fo rga ill a nd t h e Ri o r k ing I f i t b e acc o rd ing t o t h e righ t o f t h e Fe ine c h u s law i t is i n such m a nne r t h e s e s e v e n Bu t t h e n f oll o ws W h a t i s t h e d i v i s io n g r a d e s a re d ivi d e d i f it b e n o t t he Bo a ire w it h his e igh t d iv is io ns t h a t is i f t he G rad Fe ine o r i n fe ri o r o rd e r c o ns is t ing o f e ig h t d iv i s io ns i s e xclud e d ; a nd t he a n sw e r i s Th e A ir e d e s a t h e A ire e c ht a t h e A i r e ard t h e A ir e t uis e t h e A ire fo rg a ill t h e Tanais t o f t h e Ri or k ing a n d t he Ri o r k ing H e re t h e n umb e r o f s e v e n i s mad e up by add i ng t o t h e G r a d Fl a it h 10 a n Ai r e e c h t a a nd t h e T a n a i s t A s t h e s e ran ks o f t h e Gr a d F la i t h p o ss e ss e d a n i n cr e as ing 1 3 3 1 5 8 31 a m o u nt Of s t o ck b e y o n d w h a t t h e i r o wn la n d c o uld ma i nt a i n hi f f o ne gr e a t c h arac t e r is t i c o f t h e o rd e r wa s t h e i r p o ss e ss ing wa s
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p e rs o ns o f t h e infe rio r o rd e r t o w h o m t h e y g av e t h e ir surplus s t o ck i n r e t ur n for a fo o d r e nt s e rv i c e s a nd h o m a e a urc re i c a nd t h e fo o d f b rm d T i n t e e i t h e e t g g g r e nt B esa A nd a s t h e t e rrit o r ia l l o rds a ppr o pr iat e d m o re a nd m o r e l a n d o f t h e t r ib e as i nd iv i dual pr o p e r t y i t i s o bv i o us t h a t t h e la n d r e m a ini ng for d iv i s io n am o ng t h e fr e e m e n o f t he t r i b e mus t h av e b e e n pr o p o r t io na t e ly d i m i ni s h e d w h il e t h e n at ur a l i n cr e as e o f t h e p o pul a t io n mus t h av e i ncr e as e d t h e e vil A n a n c ie n t t ra c t t e lls us t h a t n um e r o us w e r e t he a nd suc h h uman b e ings in I re land a t t h at t im e (A D 6 5 8 was t h e i r numb e r t h at t h e y us e d n ot t o ge t b ut t h r ic e ni ne r idg e s fo r e a c h m a n in I r e lan d viz nine o f b og a nd ni ne o f sm o o t h o r a ra bl e a nd nin e o f w o o d ; a nd we r e ad i n t h e L e bor n a hu id r e t h a t t h e r e wa s n o t d it c h n o r fe nc e n o r s t o ne wall r o u nd la n d t i ll c a m e t he p e rio d o f t h e s ons o f A e d S lane (t h e sam e p e rio d) b ut sm oo t h fi e lds Be caus e o f t he abu n dan c e o f t h e h o us e h o lds i n t h e ir p e rio d t h e r e fo r e i t i s t h at 11 t h e y i nt r o duc e d b o u n dari e s in I r e l a nd T h us as t he land a nd t h e w e a l t h i n ca t t l e o f t h e s e Fl a i t h o r t e rri t o r i a l l o rds i n cr e as e d t h e fre e m e n o f t h e t r ib e wh o w e r e s t ill i n d e p e n d e nt b e cam e p o o r e r a nd t h e ir l o t s d i m ini s h e d a nd by d e gr e e s t h e y b e g an v o lu nt arily t o plac e t h e ms e lv e s u nd e r t h e s e l o rds by a o c e p t ing s t o ck fro m t h e m in r e t ur n fo r w h i c h t h e y b e cam e t h e i r d e p e ndant s W h e re t h e F la th c o nt ribu t e d m e re ly a n add it ion t o t h e s t o ck o f t h e fr e e m a n wh o alr e ady p o ss e ss e d s o m e h e b e cam e h is S a er Cei le or fr e e t e nant a nd h ad t o r e t urn t he valu e o f a t h i rd o f t h e s t o ck a nnu ally for s e v e n y e ars and b e s i d e s t h i s t h e t e na nt m igh t b e c all e d up on t o giv e c e r t ain s e rv i c e s t e rm e d M a nc ha i n e suc h as ass i s t ing in bu ild ing a fo r t r e ap ing t h e h arv e s t or g o ing o n h o s t ings a nd h ad t o pay a fo o d r e nt for h is h o us e t e rm e d B e stig i l ik e wis e d id h o mage o n pay ing h i s r e nt t e rm e d U re i rg e W h e r e t h e Flat h fur ni sh e d t h e e nt i r e s t o ck fo r t h e t e n a nt h e h a d t o g iv e s e curit y t e na nt s
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r e t urn a nd b e cam e his D a e r Ce i le o r Bon d t e nant a n d 12 t B i a a i a th d t w c e a y e r h ad t o pay a fo o d t ribu e t e rm e d ve ve b o n d a nd Th e A i r e d esa h a d t e n suc h t e na nt s H e i s d e scri b e d a s t h e so n o f a n A ir e a nd t h e g ra n ds o n fre e T h e A i r e e c ht a o f a n A i r e w it h t h e pr o p e r t y o f his h o us e s e e ms t o h a v e rank e d w i t h t he A i re d esa Th e A i re a r d h ad The A ire t w e nt y t e nan t s o r Ce i le t e n b o n d a nd t e n fr e e t a i se s o call e d b e caus e h is rac e h as pr e c e d e n c e a nd h e t ak e s pre c e d e n c e o f t h e A i re a rd h ad t w e nt y s e v e n t e n ant s o r Ce ile fift e e n b on d a nd t w e lv e fr e e ; a nd t h e A i r e f orga ill or h igh e s t rank h as for t y t e na nt s or Cei le t w e nt y b o n d a n d t w e nt y fre e Be s i d e s t h e s e Ce i le o r t e n a nt s s o c o n s t it u t e d by v o lu nt a ry c ont rac t s b e t w e e n t h e fr e e m e n a nd t h e Fla th o r c hi e f h e h ad l ik e wi s e B otha c h o r C ot t i e rs a nd F ui d hi r s t r a nge rs o r br o k e n me n fr o m o t h e r t rib e s w h o m h e s e t t l e d up o n his w a s t e land in r e t ur n for h o m a g e a nd s e rv i c e a n d t h e s e if t h e y h ad re ma ine d nine t i m e s nine y e ars on t h e lan d b e c a m e w h at w e r e 13 c all e d S e nc le i the o r o l d s t a n d e rs T h i s ac c o u n t o f h o w t h e c o ns t it ut ion o f t h e t rib e b e cam e m o d ifi e d a nd a l t e re d by t h e e ffe c t o f i nt e r na l c h a nge a nd e x t e r n al i n flu e n c e pr e t e n ds t o b e n o t h i ng m o r e t h a n a S p e c u l at iv e vi e w o f i t b ut we h av e now r e ac h e d t h a t s t ag e in i t s pr ogr e ss w h e n i t fairly e no ug h r e pr e s e nt s t h e t rib e i n t h e fo rm in w h i c h we nd i t i n t h e a nc i e nt I ri s h laws ; b ut as t h e s e laws w i t h t h e i r c o m m e nt ar i e s b e l o ng t o d iff e r e nt p e ri o ds s om e br a n c h e s o f t h e m b e i ng o bvi o usly m o r e m o d e r n t h an o t h e rs t h i s mus t b e b o r ne i n m in d i n e n d e av o urin x rac t t o e t g a v i e w o f t h e o rg a ni s a t io n o f t h e t r ib e fr o m t h e m ih T h e t e rrit o ry b e l o ngi ng t o a t rib e i s n o w t e rm e d Tu a t h i Iiiih g t h e t r i b e i t s e lf Ci ni ol a s i mply i ng a r a c e o f me n spru ng fro m t ito y o f mb a c o mm o n a n c e s t o r T he la n d o f t h e t r ib e i s no w f o u n d i n t h r e e d i ffe r e nt p o s it io ns T h e r e was firs t t h a t p a rt o f t h e o rig inal t e rri t o ry o f t h e t r ib e w h i c h s t i ll r e m a i ne d t h e F e a c ht I bid v o l 1 p 34 5 I bi d i v p 3 2 1 fo r i t s
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c o mm o n pr o p e r t y o f t h e t r ib e a nd c o ns is t e d o f t he c omm o n pas t ur e l a nds o n w h ic h e a c h fre e ma n o f t h e t r ib e h ad a rig h t t o pas t ur e his c a t t l e a nd o f t h e c o mm o n t ill age lands a nnu a lly d iv id e d a m o ng t h o s e fr e e m e n wh o p o ss e ss e d cat t l e a p o ss e ss io n w h i c h e nt it l e d t h e m t o t h e usufruc t o f a s h ar e o f t h e ara bl e land a nd t o a h ab it at io n i n e a c h t o w ns h ip T h e cat t l e e ac h p e rs o n h ad w e r e t e rm e d his Cr o a n am e als o appl ie d t o t h e e n cl o sur e i n w h i c h t h e y w e r e h o us e d a nd t h e e nt i r e c a t t l e o f t h e t rib e w e r e t e rm e d t h e ir Cr e a h t T h n e g s e c on dly t h e r e was t h e o ffic ial or m e nsal la n d se t apar t for t he mai nt e nanc e o f t h e Ri o r Toi sec h t h e Ta nis t a nd t h e ot h e r fun c t io nar ie s o f t h e t r ib e as t h e Bard t h e Br e h on or j udg e t he S e nna c hy o r h i s t o r i a n e t c a n d a l o ng w i t h t h i s la n d may b e class e d t h e C h urc h la n d o r T e rm o n l a n d gi v e n t o t h e C h u rc h fr e e o f all i mp o s it io n w h i c h lan d was h e ld t o fo rm a san c t uary L as t ly t h e r e was t h e l a n d h e ld by in d ivi dual o w n e rs h ip T h is lan d was t h e Or ba o r i nh e r it a n c e land w h i c h b e l onge d t o t h e F la i t h o r c h ie fs a n d w h i c h was T h e prin c ipal par t o f t h is t ra ns m i ss ibl e t o t h e i r succ e ss o rs lan d was r e t a ine d by t h e c h i e f in d e m e s n e a nd o n i t h e h ad s e t t l e d t h e s t range rs call e d Fu i d hi r wh o c o ns is t e d o f t wo class e s Fr e e a nd Bond a nd f o rm e d a b o dy o f r e t aine r s e nt ir e ly u n d e r h i s c o n t r o l ; a nd h e r e t oo w e r e t h e B o t ha c h o r Co t t ie rs a n d t h o s e wh o by l e ngt h o f r e s i d e n c e h a d b e c om e Th e lan d n o t r e t ai ne d by h i ms e lf was gi v e n o ff S e nc le i the t o fr e e m e n o f t h e t r i b e t o w h o m h e h ad g iv e n s t o ck e i t h e r by S a er or by D a e r s t o ck t e nur e a nd wh o t h us b e c a m e hi s Cei le or t e na nt s Th e s t ro ngh o ld o f t h e t rib e was t h e D u n o r fo r t w h i ch t h e Ri al o ne h ad a r ig h t t o o ccupy a n d o f w h i c h e a c h k i ng was b ou n d t o h av e a t l e as t t h r e e Th e d e scrip t io n giv e n of S e v e n sc o r e fe e t are t h e d im e ns i o ns o f t h e it i s as f ol l o ws D un e v e ry way ; s e v e n fe e t t h e t h i ck ne ss o f t h e m o u nd a t n e n i i h n o n s e w lv f b m T h e ly k w h t o t t o t a e e e t e t op ; g or
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circl e d by t h e m o at o f s e rv it ud e Twe lv e fe e t is t h e br e ad t h o f i t s m o u t h a nd o f i t s b o t t o m a nd i t s l e ng t h i s t h e 14 sam e as t h e D un T h ir t y fe e t i s it s l e ngt h o n t h e o u t s id e The a v e rag e numb e r o f fi g h t ing m e n w h i ch a t rib e t ur ne d o u t T h e p o ss e s o n o rd ina ry o ccas io ns app e ars t o h av e b e e n s ions o f t h e C h urc h w it h in t h e t e rrit o ry o f t h e t rib e var ie d i n e x t e nt fr o m h alf a B a lly boe o r pl o ugh ga t e t ill i n s o m e cas e s t h e D un i t s e lf a nd t h e p o ss e ss io n s o f t h e k i ng o r c h i e f w e r e nt e d t o fo u nd a m o nas t e ry a nd i n t h o s e cas e s w h e r e t h e ra g m o nas t e ry wa s s a i d t o h av e c o ns is t e d o f 30 0 0 m o nks t h e T h e re t rib e it s e lf app e ars t o h av e m e rg e d i n t h e C h urc h cam e t o b e a lay a nd a cl e ri cal p roge n i e s a nd t h e h e a d o f t h e t r ib e app e ars t o h a v e b e e n c h o s e n al t e r nat e ly fr o m t h e t r ib e 16 o f t h e l a n d a nd t h e t r i b e o f t h e p a t r o n sa int Th e fre e a nd b o n d Ce i le t h e n b e cam e fr e e a nd b o n d M a n a c hs t h e i r p o s it io n b e i ng s ubs t ant ially t h e sam e S uc h b e ing t he a sp e c t i n w h i c h t h e t rib e i s pr e s e nt e d t o T h M o mm uS i n t h e a n c i e nt l a ws o f I r e l a n d i t mus t n o t b e assum e d t h at t h e s e t r ib e s t h us p o ss e ss ing a c o mpl e t e o r an isat io n i n g t h e ms e lv e s w e r e a t t h is p e rio d i nd e p e n d e nt o f e ac h o t h e r Fr o m e v e n a muc h e arl ie r p e rio d t h e y s e e m t o h av e b e e n u nit e d in a c o ns t it u t iona l fram e w ork by w h i c h t h e y fo rm e d a k in d o f f e d e ral n at io n S e v e ral o f t h e s e T u a ths w e r e o g e t h e r t o fo rm a s t i ll l a r e r t r ib e t e rm e d a M or o e t r up d g g t u a t h o r g r e a t t ri b e o v e r w h o m o n e o f t h e k i n s pr e s i d e d as g Ri M or t u a t h T h e no rmal n umb e r f o rm i n a M or t u a th is in g o ne pl a c e s t a t e d a s t h r e e a nd i n a no t h e r s e v e n T h e n s e v e ral o f t h e s e M or t u a th f o r m e d a pro vi nc e call e d The Cu i i n I ris h Cui c i dh o r a fift h Th e n a m e i s i nt e rpre t e d as lig imply ing t h a t t h e Mor t u a t h t h us u nit e d w e r e ve i n n umb e r b ut t h e usu a l e xpla na t i o n i s m ore pr o babl e t h a t as t h e r e w e r e ve pro vi nc e s i n I r e la nd — M e at h L e ins t e r M u ns t e r C o n naugh t a n d U ls t e r—it m e a ns t h at e ac h was t h e fift h p a rt 1 M a ine v o l i v p 337 I bid i v p 331 I bid i v p 37 3 h e is
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ac h pr o v inc e was t h e Ri Cui c i d h or pr o vinc ia l k ing a nd t h e n o ve r t h e w h ol e was t h e A r d r i o r s o v e r e i n o f all I r e la n d g The succ e ss io n t o t h e s e s e v e ral g rad e s o f B i or k i ng was T he l w f T ani t y t h e sam e as t h a t o f t h e Ri Tu a t h a n d was r e gulat e d by t h e law o f T a ni s t ry t h at is h e r e d it ary i n t h e f a m ily b u t e l e ct iv e i n t h e i nd i v i dual t h e s e ni o r o f t h e fam ily b e ing usually p re fe rr e d ; b ut as w h e n t h e k in g was c h os e n t h e T a ni s t w o uld nat urall y b e s e l e c t e d fr o m t h e n e x t m o s t p o w e rful bra nc h o f t h e fam il y i t f e ll a t l e ng t h i n t o a n al t e rn a t e succ e ss io n b e t w e e n t h e t wo m o s t p o w e rful bra n c h e s T h i s b e c o m e s a t o nc e appar e nt w h e n we e xam ine t h e ac t ual s u cc e ss ion o f t h e s e k ings as r e c o rd e d in t he A n nals Th e s o v e r e ignt y o v e r t h e w h o l e o f I r e lan d f e ll for s e v e ral c e nt urie s i nt o o ne bra n c h o f t h e gre at fam i ly call e d t h e N o r t h e rn H y N e ill an d t h e t h r one was fill e d al t e r n at e ly fr o m t wo bran c h e s Of i t Th e succ e ss i on o f t h e k in g s o f M u n s t e r s h o ws t h e sam e p e cul i a r it y o f a n al t e r na t e succ e ss io n b e t w e e n t h e d e sc e n d a nt s o f t wo s o n s o f t h e my t h i c fo u n d e r o f t h at k i ng d om a nd furni s h e d t h e i llus t ra t ion u p o n w h i c h a D i ss e r t a t io n o n t h e L aw o f T a ni s t ry a t t ri bu t e d t o G e ne ral V a ll a nc e y b u t r e al ly wr i t t e n by D o c t o r J o h n Th e pr o v i nc e o f O Brie n Bi s h o p o f C l oy ne was f o u n d e d Ul s t e r w h e re a n an cie nt Pi c t is h p o pula t io n was e ncro ac h e d up o n a nd g radually sup e rs e d e d by S c ot t is h t rib e s e x h ibi t s t h e r e markabl e p e cul i ar it y o f a n al t e rna t e succ e ss io n o f t h e ki ngs o f U ls t e r b e t w e e n a fam i ly d e sc e n d e d fr o m it s o l d P i c t is h k ings a nd o ne o f t h e e arl i e s t c ol o nie s o f S c o t s t h a t o f t he 17 D a l a t a c h wh o s e t t l e d am o ng t h e m C onne c tio n Th e t ie w h i c h b o u n d t h e s e g r o ups t oge t h e r a nd u ni t e d b tw e n t h e c h ain w h i c h c onne c t e d t h e A rd r i w i t h t h e B i Tu a th wa s s up e io a nd d e p e nd nt t h e sam e w h i c h l ink e d t h e l a t t e r w it h his d e p e nd e nt c h ie fs T h e d e p e n d e n c e o f o n e up o n a nd t h o s e w i t h t h e i r Ce i le .
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an ot h e r p o ss e ss e d t h e i nva r ia bl e fe a t ur e o f a gif t or subs idy fro m t h e sup e rio r t o t h e in fe rio r a n d c o rr e sp on d ing dut ie s fro m t h e infe r io r t o t h e sup e r io r I n o ne o f t h e law t r a ct s t h e f fr m sup r t h i o r a pp e a rs as T a ur c re i c o r pr o p o r t i o n at e i t o e e g s t o ck a nd t h e r e t ur n as B est ig hi or foo d r e nt o f t h e h o us e ve S e d s a nd a B es t ig hi o f a a nd ra nge s fr o m a Ta u r c re i c o f w e t h e r w it h i t s acc o mpanim e nt s c o n s is t ing o f cak e s m ilk a nd bu t t e r as t h e l o w e s t fo r t h e F er mi d ba t o a T a u r c re i c o f fift e e n Cumha ls or fo r t y ve c o ws a nd a B e st ig hi o f e ig h t 18 c o ws for t h e Ri Tu a th We d e riv e t he full e s t i nformat ion o n t h i s subj e c t fr o m t h e a n c i e nt t ra c t t e rm e d t h e Bo o k o f Righ t s We t h e r e s e e t he g ift or Tu a r a sta c h a s i t is t h e r e c a ll e d mad e by t h e A r d r i t o t h e diffe re nt pr ov i ncia l k i ngs by t h e m t o t h e k ing s Of t h e r e sp e ct iv e Mort ua t h a nd by t h e lat t e r t o t h e Ri Tu a th ; w h il e t h e c o rr e sp ond ing r e t urns mad e by t h e i nfe rio r t o t h e sup e rior k ing c on s is t e d firs t o f a sm a ll fix e d r e nt w h ic h i n o ne cas e c o ns is t e d o f a Sg re a ha ll or t h re e 19 n p e c e fr o m e a c h B a i le or t o w ns h ip a nd a t r ibu t e t e rm e d Cobha c h w h i c h i n clud e d in t h e cas e o f M u n s t e r a sub m iss io n pa i d i n cat t l e t e rm e d S ma c ht a nd a Bi a tha d or r e fe c t io n a nd e ac h k in a s e nt it l e d t o a ma int e n a n c e w h e n i n w o g g g b e y o n d his o wn t e rrit o ry call e d Coi nni m c o rrup t e d i nt o C o igny ; a n d b e s i d e s t h e s e s e rv i c e i n war was d u e fro m e a c h infe ri o r t r ib e t o t h e sup e ri o r d i s t i ng u i s h e d i nt o F e a c ht o r e xp e d it io n a nd S lu a e d o r h o s t i n umb r fi h i n T h n f t e e o g g g g me n e a c h Tu a t h h ad t o pr o v i d e was 7 0 0 a nd e ac h M or t ua t h t h r e e c o mpan ie s o r 2 1 0 0 m e n A n o t h e r fe a t ur e o f t h e a nc ie nt t r ibal sys t e m i n I r e la n d pr e s e nt e d t o us i n t h e Br e h on L a ws mus t no t b e ov e rl ook e d a nd t h a t i s t h e sys t e m o f fi n e s i n w h i c h r e sp e c t i t cl o s e ly re s e mbl e d n o t o nly s im il a r r e gul a t ion s i n t h e We ls h L aws b u t l ik e w i s e i n t h o s e o f t h e A ngl o S ax o ns I n t h at e arly ,
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s o ci e t y t he i d e a t h a t t he sl a u gh t e r o r i nj ury o f a ny o f i t s m e mb e rs was a cr i m e a a i ns t t h e S t a t e w h i c h r e qu ir e d g t h e pu nis h m e nt o f t h e cri m in al i n v i n d ic a t io n Of t h e law o f t h e la nd was e nt ir e ly u nk no w n T he sl a ug h t e r o r i nj ury o f t h e m e mb e r o f t h e t r ib e was c o ns id e r e d as a l o ss t o t he t r ib e i t s e lf w h i c h mus t b e c o mp e nsa t e d for a nd w h e n c o mp e n s a t i o n was mad e a nd acc e p t e d t he cr im i nal was fr e e Orig in ally t h e c o m p e ns a t io n was pr o bably s i mpl e r e t ali a t io n b u t aft e r wards t h is rig h t o f r e t a l iat ion m ig h t b e b o u gh t o ff by paym e nt ne of a T h a t a t rad it io n o f t h is ki nd e x is t e d app e ars fr o m a passa e i n t h e I nt ro duc t io n t o t h e S e nc h u s M o r i n w h i c h g we a re t o ld t h a t r e t al ia t io n pr e v a il e d i n Erin b e f o r e P a t ri ck a n d P a t r i ck br o u h t f o rgiv e n e ss w i t h h i m A t h s t i d a y we g k e e p b e t w e e n fo rgiv e ne ss a n d r e t a l iat i o n ; for as a t pr e s e nt n o o ne h as t h e p o w e r o f b e s t o w i n n as Pa t ri ck h ad a t h av e e g t h at day s o n o o ne i s p ut t o d e a t h fo r h is i nt e nt i o n al cri m e s so l o ng as Er i c ne i s o b t a in e d ; a n d w h e n e v e r Er i c ne i s n o t o b t a i ne d h e i s f o r his i n t e nt i o n al cr i m e s d a t h u t t e o p a nd plac e d o n t h e s e a fo r his u n int e nt i o n al cr i m e s Sir H e nry M a ine in c o mm e nt ing o n t hi s passage j us t ly r e marks t h a t i t i s i mp o ss i bl e o f c o urs e t o a cc e p t t h e s t a t e m e n t t h a t t h i s w i d e S pr e ad a nc i e nt i n s t it u t i o n t h e p e cu nia ry ne l e v ie d o n t ri b e s o r fa m il ie s for t h e wr o n s d o n e by t h e ir m e mb e rs g h ad i t s o rigin in C h r is t i a n influ e nc e s ; b ut t h a t i t succ e e de d 20 s i mpl e r e t a l i at ion i s i n t h e h igh e s t d e g r e e pr o babl e Th e sys t e m o f fi ne s was bas e d i n t h e mai n up on a x e d valu e p ut up o n e ac h p e rs o n e s t i mat e d acc o rd ing t o hi s p o s i t io n a nd r a nk a n d e xpr e ss e d by a s t a n dard o f v a lu e i n c a t t l e T h is was his Enec hla nn o r H o no r pri c e a nd i t e nt e rs as a n e l e m e nt i nt o a l l t h e p e cu ni ary r e l a t io n s o f t h e d iff e r e nt m e mb e rs o f t h e t rib e s w it h e a c h o t h e r T h i s s t a nd a rd o f valu e wa s e xpr e ss e d in t wo f o rms Fi rs t by w h at was t e rm e d a S e t o r S od by w h i c h s ingl e a nim a ls o f d iffe r e nt valu e w e r e s t at e
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cc o rding t o t h e b ig ne ss o f t h e t o w nl a n d w h e r e o f it wa s a 28 parc e l F ro m t h e t rac t t e rm e d t h e H e r e d it a ry Pro pr ie t o rs (B u t h we o b t a in s o m e fur t h e r c hu sa ig h) o f t h e Cl a nn Fi a c h ra c h T h e t e rrit o ry p o ss e ss e d by t h e t r ib e app e a rs i nf o rm a t ion u nd e r d iff e r e nt n a m e s T h e s e a re Tr i oc ha Che u d Ta oi si d he a c ht o r t e rrit o ry rul e d o v e r by a Ta oi sec h Tu a th a n d 29 T h e firs t i s t h e T r i oc ha Ce u d o f C e ara a n d o v e r D ut ha id h it w e r e t h r e e k ing s O M u ire a d h a igh O G ormo g a nd O Tigh e r T h e n we I t s e e ms t o h av e b e e n e xc e p t i o na lly larg e maigh h av e ve di s t ri ct s t e rm e d Ta oi si dhe a c ht T he firs t is t h at o f T h e n t h at o f O Ce a rna igh O h U ada a nd O C innc hna m h a c o nt a ining t h e t we nt y four Ba llys o f t h e t e rm on o f B all a a n d t h e r e fo r e n e arly a s e x t e ns i v e as a Tr i oc ha Ce ud b u t t h e e x pr e ss i o n T e rm on i ndi cat e s i t as b e ing c h urc h lan d T h e n t h at o f U i Ru a d in a n d o f h im i s t h e D u d h c hu s o f O C ul a c h a n T h e n t h at o f O Birn a nd t h at o f O G orrmghioll a t h e lat t e r c o nt aini ng s e v e n Ballys a nd a h alf o r t h e fo ur t h par t o f a T ri oc ha Ceu d T h e n t h e r e a re t h r e e Tu a t hs m e nt i one d Firs t t h e Tu a t h o f Pa rt ra igh e c o e x t e ns iv e w it h t h e pari s h o f T h e firs t Bally o ve y Of t h i s T u a t h we h av e t wo acc ou nt s s h o ws us t h e Ri t u a t h a n d t h e Ta oise c h d is t in c t fo r O G a imialla igh was i t s Iii a nd O D o rc ha id h e it s T a oi se c h By t h e s e c o n d a cc o u nt i t was t h e T a oi si g he a c ht o f O D or O Ba n a n o f Ba lly U i B an a n a n d M agil in o f c h a i d h e al o ne M uine w e r e t wo M a c Og la i c hs o r i n fe ri o r c hi e fs Th e T u a t h o f M a h n a b e t hi h e c o nt aine d t h e s e v e n Ballys o f Lu h ort a n g g g a
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all c o nne c t e d w i t h sur nam e s Of t h e s e s e v e n c ons is t o f o ne Bally o nly T h e D u tha i d h o f O h Ed h ne a c h a n c o ns is t e d o f t h r e e d i v is io n s e ac h c o nt a i ning t h r e e Ballys Th e D u t ha i d h o f O Fa gh art a ig h c o nt a ine d t h r e e Ballys a nd t h at o f O Ca o mh a n c o nt ai ni ng t h e s e v e n Ballys ll o f t h e s e t r ib e s p o ss e ss e d a c o mm o n o r igin o f Ro sl ao h A g w it h o ne e xc e p t io n for i t is add e d t h at t h e r e was f o u n d no Tu a th w i t h o u t i t s h e r e d it ary pr o pr ie t o r o f t he rac e o f Ea rc C ulbh uidhe e xc e p t t h i s w e ll k n o w n T u a t h A i t he a c hd a t h at i s t rib e o f t h e Old e r subj e c t e d i nh a b it a n t s call e d Tu a th 30 B u i se n t h e old n am e o f Rosl a og Th e Tri b e s a n d C u s t o ms o f Hy M a ny a no t h e r g r e at d is T h is t ri c t o f C o nn au gh t t h r o w fur t h e r lig h t o n t h e subj e c t d is t r i c t was c o ns i d e r e d t o b e a t h i rd par t o f t h e pr o v inc e o f C o nna u gh t a n d t h e pat ri m o ny o f t h e Gia nu Cea lla ig h o r I n a t rac t gi v ing a n acc o u n t o f i t s b o u n dar ie s we O K e l ly s a re t o ld t h a t i t c o n s i s t e d o f s e v e n Tr i c ha s e v e n Tu a t hs s e v e n 31 a n d in t h e t rac t call e d t h e Ba llys a n d s e v e n h alf B a lly s T h e s e a re t h e t ribu t a rie s C us t o ms o f Hy M any w e r e a d : or
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was t h e Ho s t ia ri us o r d oo rk e e p e r a nd O M a ol b re nna n wa s j o int s t e w a rd a nd c o mma nd e d t h e b ody i z se a c ks o f i n fe ri o r r a nk h ad a uards h h r h t T o T o t e e e g g d o main o f t w e nt y fo ur Ba llys e ac h a n d o f t h e s e O Ha nl y h a d t h e g uard ia ns h ip o f h o s t age s a nd pr is o ne rs O Fl o inn t h e s t e wards h ip o f t h e h o rs e (M c om s Ea c h) O Fla it h b e rt aigh a nd O M a ill e t h e c o mma n d o f t h e fl e e t M a c D i arma d was h ig h i narsc h a l O Te ige was Ta o isea c h T e a ghla c h o r mars h a l o f t he h o us e h o ld a nd O Ke lly was T a o isea c h S e nd or s t e w a rd 35 o f t h e j e w e ls Th e pr o v in c e o f U ls t e r l ik e w is e pr e s e nt s us w it h t h e Tua t h o r t rib e s e v e ral o f w h i c h f o rm a lar e r t e rri t o ry e qu i v a l e nt t o g t h e M ort u a t h T h us a vas t t e rri t ory c o n s is t ing o f t h e t wo d is t r i c t s o f t h e Ro u t e a nd G ly nne s was g ra nt e d by J am e s I in 1 6 0 3 t o t h e Earl o f Tyr o n e a n d was a t t h a t t im e sub d ivi d e d i nt o s i x t e e n small e r d is t r i c t s t e rm e d Tu og hs o r Tu a t hs w h i c h a re r e cit e d i n t h e pat e nt T he Ro ut e w h ic h was c o e x t e ns iv e w i t h t h e a n c i e nt t e rr i t o ry o f D a l ria d a — fr o m w h i c h nam e in d e e d t h e m o d e r n w o rd Ro u t e i s a c o rrup t i on— c o n t ai ne d nin e Tuog hs T h e s e w e re t h e T u og h b e t w e e n t h e Ba ndy o r B ann a n d t h e B o ys or Bus h c o nt aining six p a ri s h e s t h e Tu ogh o f D u ns e v e ri ck a n d Bal l e na t o y ; t h e T u og h o f Bal l e lagh ; t h e Tu og h o f Loughg ill ; t h e Tu og h o f Ball e mone y a nd B r o mar t c o nt ai ning t wo p a ris h e s ; t h e Tu og h o f Kill e oc o nway w oo d o f O Co nwa y ; t he o r t he (Coi l na g Tu og h o f Killio q ui n o r t h e w o o d o f O Co nn ; t h e T u og h o f Kill io morri e o r t he w oo d o f O M urry ; a nd t h e T u og h o f M a gh e re d unagh (M a c ha i re D u n Ea c hd a c h) o r plain o f t he fo rt o f Eac hd a c h c o n s i s t ing o f t h e pari s h no w call e d D un aghy T h e d is t ri ct o f t h e G ly nn e s c o n s is t e d o f s e v e n baro nie s Th e s e w e re t h e Tuog h o f s ix o f w h i c h a re t e rm e d T u og hs M une rie t h e Tu ogh o f Ca r e y t h e Tu ogh o f G l e nmi c o nogh t h e Tu og h o f t h e La rgie t h e T uog h o f t h e Park e a n d t h e Tu og h ’
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cr e ag e o f t h e t wo d is t r i c t s o f acr e s gi ving a n t h e Ro u t e a nd t h e G ly nne s was a cr e s t o e a c h a v e ra g e o f Th e n a m e s o f t h e t rib e s w h i c h w e r e c o nne c t e d w it h t h e s e Tu og hs o r Tu a t hs h av e n o t b e e n pr e s e rv e d b u t t h e y a re s t ill re t a in e d in t h e d is t ri c t o f N o r t h C l and e b oy w hi c h w it h S o u t h Cla nd e b oy r e pre s e nt e d t h e a nc i e nt D a l na ra igh e o r t e rri t o ry o f t h e P i c t s o f U ls t e r We nd fro m a n inqu is it io n i n 1 6 0 5 t h a t N o r t h Cl a nd e b oy c o ns i s t e d o f t w e n t y subd iv i s io ns t hi r t e e n l a rg e r a n d s e v e n s m a ll e r ; t h e f o rm e r a re t e rm e d Tu og hs o r T u a t hs a nd a re n a m e d aft e r t h e t rib e s o ccupy ing t he m T h e s e a re t h e Tu og h o f C la n agh ar t ie c o nt a i ning t he e nt i r e p a r i s h o f K il c o nri o l a a n d par t o f A h ogh ill a nd t h e Tu ogh o f M unt ir C a ll ie (M u i n t i r Oe a lla igh) o r t he t r ib e o f K e lly c o nt a ini ng t h e r e s t o f A h og h ill p a ris h T h e s e t wo t o ge t h e r fo rm e d t h e b a r o ny o f Lo w e r T o o m e a nd c o nt a i ne d acre s T h e T u og h o f M u nt ir Rivid y a nd t h e Tu og h na F u ig h T h e s e t wo fo rm e d t h e bar o ny o f U pp e r T o o m e acr e s T h e Tu og h o f M u nt ir M urig an a nd c o nt a ine d i T og h n n M u i t r / L u i e a n r h t r b o f M u r r a Th e u r a i M o t e i e ( g g ) na K e a r t T h e Tu og h o f M oy l i nny w h i c h i s c o e x t e n s i v e w it h t h e b a r o ny o f U pp e r A nt rim a nd c o n t a ine d a cr e s T h e Tu og h o f K ille lagh T h e T u og lz o f M a g h e ry m o r ne t h e Tu og h o f Br a d e n I l a ud a n d t h e Tu og h o f B al linl y n y T h e s e t h r e e fo rm e d t h e b a r ony o f L o w e r Be lfas t a nd c o nt a in acr e s T he T uog h Ci na me nt c o nt a ining par t o f t he pari s h o f S h a nk ill a n d t h e T uog h o f t he Fa ll 36 c o nt a ining t h e r e s t o f S h a nk ill a n d t he p a r is h o f D rumb e g We h ave t h e n a v e ry i ns t ruc t iv e a cc o u nt o f t h e c o u n t ie s o f M o n a h a n a n d F e rm a n a h i n a l e t t e r addr e ss e d by S ir g g J o h n D avis A t t o r ne y G e n e ral o f I r e la nd t o t h e E a rl o f S al isbury i n t h e y e a r 1 6 0 6 H e s t a t e s t h a t M o n ag h a n o t h e rw is e c a ll e d M M a h on s c o u nt ry wa s d ivi d e d i nt o of
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l an d was e i t h e r m ona s t e ry l an d Corbc l a n d Th e m o n a s t e ry l a n d l a y i n t h e b a r o ny o r Ere na c h s l a n d o f C l an a wl e y a n d d i d n o t e xc e e d t wo B a lly be t ag hs b u t t h e l a nds b e l o nging t o t h e Cor be s a n d Ere na c hs a re o f far g re a t e r qua nt it y a nd are fo u nd in e v e ry b a ro ny T h e y t o ld m e t h at t h e w o rd T e r mon d ot h s ig ni fy i n t h e I ris h h e adds t o ngu e a l ib e r t y o r fr e e d o m a nd t h a t a l l c h urc h la n ds w h a t s o e ve r a re call e d t e r mon l a nds by t h e I ris h b e caus e t h e y w e re e v e r fr e e fr o m all i m p o s i t io n s a n d c u t t ing s o f t h e t e m p o ral l o rds a nd h ad t h e priv il e g e o f sa nc t uary M c G ui re s m e ns a l l a nds h e t e lls us w e r e fre e fro m all c o mm o n c h arg e s a nd c o n t r i bu t io n s o f t h e c o u n t ry b e c a us e t h e y y i e ld e d a l a rge pr o p o r t io n o f bu t t e r a n d m e al a n d o t h e r pro vis i on s for M c G u ire s t abl e a nd t h at t h o ug h l y i ng in s e v e ral bar oni e s d id n o t i n qua n t i t y e xc e e d fo ur Ba lly be t a g hs t h e g r e at e s t t h e r e o f b e i ng i n t h e p o ss e ss io n o f o ne M M a nu s T he c e r t a int ie s o f t h e du t ie s o r pr o v is io n s a nd his s e p t ld d u n o M c G uire o u t o f t h e s e m e n s a l l a n ds w e r e s e t t i e e y fo r t h in a n old parc h m e nt r ol l in t h e h an ds o f o ne O Brisl a n I t wa s a c h ro ni cl e r a nd pr i n c i pal B r e hon o f t h a t c o u nt ry n o t v e ry l a rg e b ut was w ri t t e n o n b o t h s i d e s i n a f a i r I r i s h ch arac t e r a n d c on t a ine d n ot o nly t h e c e r t a i nt y o f M c G uire s me nsal du t ie s b ut a ls o t h e p a rt i cular r e nt s a n d o t h e r s e rv ic e s wh ic h w e r e answ e r e d t o M c G u ire o u t o f e v e ry p a r t o f t h e c o u nt ry Be s id e s t h e s e m e ns a ls h e a dds M c G uire h ad t wo h u ndr e d a nd for t y b e e v e s o r t h e r e ab o u t s y e arly p a i d u n t o him ou t o f t h e s e v e n b a r o nie s a n d a b o u t h is c a s t l e a t I nis k ill e n h e h a d alm o s t a Ba lly be t ag h o f l a nd w h i c h h e manur e d w it h his o wn c h url e s A nd t h is was M c G uire s wh o l e e s t a t e in c e r t aint y fo r i n r igh t h e h a d n o m o r e a nd i n t im e o f p e ac e d id e xac t n o m o r e I n t i m e o f war h e mad e h im s e lf o w n e r o f all cu t t i n w h a t b e l is t e d a n d i mp o s ing a s m a n y bona c h t s g Co n o r h ir e d s o ld ie rs up o n t h e m as h e h a d o ccas io n t o u s e c e r ning t h e fr e e land o f t h e t h ird k i n d— viz suc h l a nd as is Th e Ch u rc h
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T U A T H OR T RI BE I N I RELA ND
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p o ss e ss e d by t h e I ris h o i c e rs o f t h is c o u nt ry viz c h ro ni cl e rs — t h e e nt ire qu a n t i t ie s if i t w e r e a ll lass s a nd r i m rs o e e g g l a id d o w n t og e t h e r a s i t is sc a t t e r e d i n su ndry b a r o nie s d o t h 37 w e ll nigh mak e t wo Ba lly be t a gks a n d no m o r e T h is pr e s e nt s u s w i t h a g ra p h ic e nou gh a cc o u nt o f t he s t a t e o f t h e I r is h t r ib e as i t e x is t e d a t t h e t im e S ir J o h n D av is wro t e ; a n d we m a y suppl e m e n t w h a t h e says a s t o t h e p o s it io n o f t he Te r mon o r C h urc h l a nds a nd t h e i r fre e d o m fr o m t h e burd e ns t o w h i c h t h e o t h e r la nds w e r e subj e c t by T he firs t i s a t wo c h a r t e rs pr e s e rv e d i n t h e Bo o k o f K e lls r a nt by C o n c h o b h a r O M a e l s e c hl a nn k i n o f M a t h i n t he e g g e l e v e nt h c e nt ury by w h i c h h e g av e K ild e lg a w i t h i t s t e rri t o ry a n d l a n ds t o G o d a nd t o C o l u mk il l e fo r e v e r fre e o f a ll clai m for 0 713 o r r e nt Coba c h o r t r ibu t e Fe c ht a nd S lu d g e d o r e xp e d i t i on a nd h o s t ing a nd Coi nnt m fro m k i ng o r T o ise a c h a n d t h e pr e c i s e s igni fic at i o n o f Coi nm m a pp e ars fr o m t h e s e c o n d c h a r t e r g rant e d i n t h e succ e e d i ng c e nt ury by w h i c h t h e fr e e d o m o f A rd b re a c ain was gra n t e d by M uirc h e rt a c h O Loc hl a in n k i ng o f I r e l a nd D i a rm a id O M a e l se c hl a nn k i ng o f M e a t h a nd A e dh M a c C u U la d h k i ng o f L ae gh a ire T he p e o pl e o f La e gh a ire h a d a c e r t a in t r ib u t e o n t h e C h urc h viz o n e n ig h t s Coi n nm e d a e v e ry quar t e r o f a y e a r O Lo c h l ain k ing o f I r e l a nd a nd O M a e l s e c h la nn k ing o f M e at h i n duc e d t h e k i ng o f La e gh a ire t o s e ll t h i s nig h t s Coi nnme ola fo r t h re e o u nc e s o f g o ld T he C h urc h t h e r e fo re w it h i t s t e rrit o ry a nd lands i s fr e e for t wo r e a s o ns viz o n acc o u nt o f t h e g e ne r a l 33 fre e d o m o f all c h urc h e s a nd o n acc o u nt o f t h i s purc h as e We t h us s e e t h at t h e l e a d ing fe a t ure s o f t he I ris h t rib e s as we h a v e g a t h e re d t h e m i n t h e a n cie nt laws c a n t o a g re a t e x t e nt b e r e c og ni s e d i n t h e s t a t e o f t h e n a t i v e p o pula t i o n o f t h e c o u nt ry as we n d i t pr e s e nt e d t o us a t a la t e r p e r i o d i n fo ur o f h e r g re at pro v inc e s .
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c h ang e s pr o duc e d i n t h e s o c ia l o rg anisat io n o f t he O igin f t h e F i ne S pt t rib e by e x t e r na l i n flu e n c e a n d i nt e r n a l pr o gr e ss n o t t h e l e as t s t rik ing wa s t h e gra d ual d e v e l o p m e nt w i t h i n i t o f t h e T h o ug h t h e w o rd Fi ne is u nd o ub t e dly us e d fo r Fi ne o r s e p t s t he w h o l e c o n fr a t e r ni t y o f t h e m e mb e rs o f t h e t r i b e v i e w e d a s a c o mmu nit y u n it e d t o g e t h e r by a supp o s e d c o mm o n o r igi n i t o t h o s e d ivi n i t s r i c c c l s s was appl e d t t i s t h n i a n i t e t e e e y c all e d s e p t s o r cla ns s io ns o f t h e t r ib e w h i c h m a b e y A s s o o n a s t h e sup e r io r a dv a n c e o f s o m e m e mb e rs o f t h e t rib e o v e r t h e o t h e rs i n w e al t h a nd imp o r t an c e pr o duc e d a re l a t ion o f sup e ri o r a n d d e p e n dant by t h e l a t t e r b e c o m ing Ce i le o r t e na nt s o f t he fo rm e r w h il e t h e ir p o ss e ss io n s b e ca m e h e re dit ary in t he ir f a m il ie s t h e g e rm o f t h e F ine o r s e p t was fo rme d W h e n t h e B oa i r e o r c o w l o rd was l e d by w e a l t h i n cat t l e t o giv e o v e r t h e e xc e ss o f his s t o ck t o o t h e r m e mb e r s o f t h e t r ib e wh o b e cam e h i s Ce i le o r d e p e nd a n t s a F i ne i n it s m o s t r e s t r ic t e d s e ns e was fo rm e d a n d t h e A i re Coi srt ng as h e was c a ll e d b e cam e als o t h e A i r e F i ne o r h e a d o f a n infe ri or s e p t 1 The acqu is it i o n o f p a r t o f t h e t r ib e l a nd as t h e abs o lu t e T h Ci ne k n f lk prop e r t y o f i nd ivi duals a nd t h e ir a dv a n c e as w e a l t h y l a nd a s w e ll as c at t l e o w n e rs l e d t o i t s furt h e r d e v e l o p m e n t The A ir e wh o o w n e d a n e s t a t e i n la nd wh i c h rai s e d hi m t o t he p os it ion o f a Fla th o r c h ie f a nd wa s e na bl e d t o t ra nsm it i t t o h is d e sc e nd a nt s l e d t o t h e s e t t l e m e nt o f his fa m ily a n d A MON G t h e
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l a nd He wa s no t c o ns id e r e d a s fully e nt i t l e d t o t h e pr i v il e ge s o f a t e rr it o r ia l l o rd u nl e ss h is fa t h e r a nd a n d fa t h e r h ad l ik e w i s e b e e n a n A i r e ; a n d w h e n t h r e e r g n a d t h us b e e n s e t t l e d o n t h e l a nd t h e o ffs h o o t s n ra s e i h e t o g o f t h e s e g e ne ra t i o n s f o rm e d a g r o up c o n s is t ing o f t h e n e ar e s t a na t e s o f t h e c h i e f w h i c h w o u l d i n cr e as e i n n umb e r as t h e g n r a t io n s w e n t o n T h s w r t h n e o r k in sf o lk o f e e e e e e C i e g t h e h e ad o f t h e t r i b e a n d t o t h e m w e r e add e d t h o s e fr e e m e n o f t h e t r ib e wh o cla im e d a c o mm o n o r i i n w it h t h e m a n d wh o g pl a c e d t h e ms e lv e s u n d e r t h e c h ie f a s h is Ce i le o r d e p e ndant s T h e sam e caus e s w h i c h o p e ra t e d i n t h e f e udal sys t e m t o l e ad t h e o d a l pr oprie t o rs t o c o mm e nd t h e m s e lv e s t o a n o v e r l o rd as his vassals a nd gradually e x t ing u is h e d t he m or e an c i e nt class o f i nd e p e n d e nt lan d h o ld e rs t e n d e d l ik e w i s e in t h e I r i s h t r ibal sys t e m t o abs o rb t h e o rig in al fr e e m e n o f t h e t ri b e i n t h e class o f t h e Ce ile o r d e p e n da nt s o f t h e c h ie f a nd t h us t o add t o his fo ll o w i ng a nd t o fo rm a c o n s t i t u e nt p a r t o f t h e F i ne o r s e p t Wi t h t h e S a ar Ce ile o r fre e d e p e ndant s t h e bas is was a mu t ual c o nt rac t for a fix e d p e rio d usually o f s e v e n y e ars by w h i c h t h e Fla t h o r c h ie f g a v e a p o r t io n o f s t o ck pr o p o r t io na t e t o t h e f o o d r e nt h e was t o r e c e i v e i n r e t ur n a nd was e nt it l e d al ong wi t h t h i s t o t h e h o mag e o f t h e t e n ant duri ng t he sub s is t e n c e o f t h e c o nt rac t a nd t o a c e r t ain a m o u nt o f s e rv i c e in t h e e r e c t i o n o f a D un o r fo r t t h e r e ap ing o f his h arv e s t a nd t h e S lu a g e d or h o s t ing ; b u t t he c o nt rac t c o uld b e t e rm ina t e d a n d t h e p a r t i e s t o i t r e t urn t o t h e i r o r i ina l r e la t i o n t o e ac h g o t h e r e i t h e r by t h e Ce ile o r t e na nt r e t urnin t h e s t o ck h e h ad g r e c e i ve d or by t h e F la t h r e cl a i m ing i t A m o r e p e rmane nt c o nne c t i on was fo rm e d b e t w e e n him a nd t h e D a or Ce i le o r b o n d t e na nt H e r e t h e Ce i le plac e d h ims e lf fo rmally un d e r t h e pr o t e c t ion o f t h e F la t h as h is p e rma ne nt fo ll o w e r a nd t h i s r e lat i o n was fo rm e d by his r e c e i vi n a c e r t ain numb e r o f g S c d s o r c o ws by way o f subs i dy o r g ift fr o m t h e sup e r io r a nd kinsfo lk
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p ay ing h im a c e r t a in t ribu t e t e rm e d S e al T a ur c lot he o r re T h is s e rvit ud e t urn a bl e S e d s as t h e pr ic e o f h is pr o t e c t io n was t e rm e d A i c i llne a nd t he am o u nt o f t h e S c d s was r e gu lat e d by t h e H o no r pri c e A s s o o n as t h is r e l a t ion wa s c o nst i t u t e d h e r e c e i v e d a n a dd it io nal am o u nt o f s t o ck i n pr o p o rt i o n t o t h e fo o d r e nt h e h ad t o r e t ur n i n t h e s a m e ma nn e r as i n 2 The r e a l d is t in c t io n pr o b a bly was t he c a s e o f t h e fr e e Ce i le t h at i n t h e o ne cas e t h e Ce i le was i n a m o r e i nd e p e nd e nt p os it ion a nd p o ss e ss e d s t o ck o f his o wn as w e ll a s a s h a r e o f In t he t r ib e la n d b e s i d e s w h a t h e r e c e i v e d fro m t h e Fla t h t h e o t h e r h e was d e p e nd e nt up o n w h at h e r e c e i v e d fro m t h e W h e n t h e Fla th r e cl a i m e d F la t h fo r t h e w h o l e o f h is s t o ck his s t o ck fr o m t h e fre e Ce i le t h e la t t e r h a d t h e o p t i o n o f b e c o mi ng a b o n d Ce i le if h e pr e fe rr e d d o ing s o t o r e t urning his s t o ck a n d t h e F la t h was t h e n b ou nd t o add t h e r e t ur n abl e S e d s t o t h e s t o ck h e h ad o r igin ally g iv e n w h i c h c o ns t i t u t e d t he r e l a t i o n b e t w e e n him a nd t he Ce i le a s a p e rm a n e nt d e p e ndant T h is pr o c e ss t h e r e fo r e n o t o nly l e d t o t h e fr e e m e n i n t h o f t h e t r ib e b e i ng radually abs o rb e d o t e cl a ss o f t h e g d e p e ndant s o r fo ll owi ng o f t h e c h ie f b ut pl a c e d a p o w e rful we ap on in t he h a nds o f t h e l a t t e r by w h ic h h e c o uld t ra ns form h is t e mp o rary fr e e Ce i le int o p e rmane n t a n d m o r e s e rvil e d e p e nd a nt s A s t h e F la t h h o w e v e r i ncr e a s e d i n w e al t h a n d p o we r a nd T h : F dh h i s t e rri t o ry e x t e n d e d h e was n o t s a t i sfi e d W i t h d ra wm g h i s t ng “ pm d e p e nda nt s fro m t h e t r ib e o f w h ic h h e wa s h ims e lf a m e mb e r but add e d t o hi s fo ll o w e rs by s e t t l ing s t ra ng e r s e p t s up o n his was t e l a n ds a nd t h us s t ill fur t h e r a u g m e nt e d h is p o w e r T h e s e st r a ng e r s e p t s fo rm e d t h at class t e rm e d F u i dhi r a n am e whic h fr o m i t s r e s e mbl a nc e t o t h e w o rd f e u d a nd fro m t h e a ppar e nt a na l o y b e t w e e n t h e p o s i t io n o f t h e F u i d hi r w it h g ,
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v a ss a ls o f t h e fe ud a l sys t e m ha s g iv e n r is e t o muc h sp e cula t io n T h e s e a n al og ie s a re h o w e ve r mo re a ppar e nt t h a n r e a l a nd t h e r e is pr o bably n o c o n ne c t io n w h a t e v e r he i n og y o f t h e t wo d c su l r s mbla n c b t w e e n t h e t e rm o l n e e e o a a e y s y s t e ms I n t h e o ld e s t G l o ssary t h a t o f C o rm a c t h e t e rm is a ppl ie d t o t h e sup e r i o r i ns t e ad o f t h e d e p e n da nt a n d t h e n a m e F u i t hi r i s sai d t o b e fr o m f o t hi r h e wh o g iv e s la n d (t i r ) t o a s t ra n e r ; b u t i n t h e Br e h o n L a ws i t i s a ppl ie d t o t h o s e g s t rang e r s e p t s s e t t l e d up o n t h e l a n d a nd l ik e all t h e d e p e n da nt s c o ns i s t e d o f t h e t wo class e s o f S a e r a n d D a er fr e e a nd b o nd acc o rd i ng t o t h e t e mp o rary or p e rma n e n t c h arac t e r o f t h e c o nn e c t io n Wi t h t h e e xc e p t i o n t h at t h e y w e r e br o k e n m e n fro m s t range r t rib e s i ns t e ad o f m e mb e rs o f t h e sam e t r ib e t h e ir c o n ne c t i o n w it h t h e c h ie f pr e s e nt e d t h e sam e fe a t ur e s w it h t h at o f t h e n at iv e Ce i le Of t h e s e F u i d hi r t h e r e w e r e sai d t o b e s e v e n class e s ra ng ing fr o m t h o s e wh o h ad la n d o r w e a l t h a n d b e c a m e d e t ac h e d fro m t h e ir t rib e t o t h o s e wh o fl e d t o t h e c h i e f o f a no t h e r t r ib e for pr o t e c t ion a nd h a d not h i ng t o g iv e b ut t h e ir l a b our Th e b e t t e r class t e rm e d F ui d /i i r Gr i a n o b t aine d p o ss e ss ion o f a B a t h c o n s is t ing o f t h e usu a l ve h o us e s r e c e iv e d s t o ck fr o m t h e Fl a th S i m ilar t o t h a t g iv e n t o t h e Ce i le a n d h a d a L a g e nec h o r H o n o r pr i c e T h e s e form e d sub o rd ina t e s e p t s o r 3 F i ne u nd e r t he c h ie f a n d we are t o ld t h a t t h e y d o n o t b e ar ve h o us e s (Tre t h e l i ab il it y o f r e la t i o ns h i p u nl e ss t h e r e b e a bba t I f i t c o m r l v ac h h r h r h us s w h t e i e o e t e b e v e o e o e e e ) p l e t e s t o ck t h e y s h ar e t h e pr o p e r t y o f t h e F i n e (Fi nnt ea d a ) t he a n d t h i s i s e xpla i ne d i n t h e c o mm e nt a ry t o m e a n t h a t Fu i d hi r g a bla — t h a t i s t h e F ad d o r o r n a t ur a l b o ndsm a n B r — d oe s n ot b e ar t h e cr im e s o f hi s r e l a t i v e s u nl e ss h e a o ( ) h as ve h ous e s t o r e l ie v e hi m t h a t is ve wh o h a v e s t o ck c o ns i s t ing o f a h u ndr e d h e ad o f cat t l e a n d u nl e ss t h e y b e l o ng I f t h e r e b e ve m e n o f t h e m e ac h m a n h a v ing t o o ne c h ie f t he
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c a t t l e e v e ry o ne o f t h e m o b t a i ns his s h are o f t h e d i ba dh l a n d o f e a c h o t h e r a nd p a ys fo r t h e cr im e s o f l ik e e v e ry fr e e n a t iv e t h a t i s w h e n t h e y h a v e t h e o t h e rs 4 ve s t o cks o f a h u n dr e d c a t t l e a n d a re u nd e r o n e c h ie f The l o w e r cl a ss o f F u id hi r w e re o f fo ur k in ds t e rm e d g r ni l n i l d e bus a nd c o ns is t e d o f s t r a n e rs w h o a bla l a a d o g g g g h ad l o s t t h e i r lan d by wars o r fl e d fr o m h av i ng b e e n g u il t y L o w e r t h an o f bl oo ds h e d a n d o f h o s t age s sav e d fr o m d e a t h t h e s e a g a i n w e r e t he B ot ha e h o r c o t t ie rs l ik e w i s e d iv i d e d int o t h e t wo class e s o f S a e r a nd B e e r a cc o rd i ng a s t h e y w e re e it h e r small o ccup ie rs o f l a n d o r w e r e pr ae d ia l slav e s a nd pr o b a bly w e r e r e m a ins o f t h e o ld e s t p o pula t i o n o f t h e l an d The f o rma t io n o f t h e Fi n e o r s e p t h a d t h us a t e rri t o ri al bas is a nd t h e p o ss e ss i on o f t h e D e is o r inh e ri t an c e la nd w hi c h g a v e it s o w ne r t h e ra nk o f A i r e was a ls o e ss e nt ial t o his a cqu ir ing t h e pri vi l e g e s o f t h e c h ie f o f a F i ne T h us we a re t o ld i n o n e o f t h e l a w t rac t s t h a t t h e r e a re f o ur d e i s righ t s pr e scri b e d for fl a i t h o r c h ie fs T h e an c ie nt pr o t e c t io n o f t h e T u a t h i s his o f c e i n t h e T ua t h t h e o f c e o f T n i s ig o r l e ad e r or T a na i st Tn isig w h i c h e v e r i t b e o f h is Ce i le g ia ln a i or b o nd C e il e his S a e r Ce ile a n d his S e nc le i t h e o r a n c i e n t a d h e r e n t s ; t h e pu ni s h m e nt o f e v e ry i mp e rf e c t s e rv i c e ; a n d t he fo ll o w i ng o f Bot ha c h o r c o t t ie rs a nd F ni d li i r wh o m h e bring s up o n h is la nd b e caus e his w e al t h is g re a t e r a nd b e t t e r I f t h e r e is s e rv i c e fro m t h e m t o t h e F la i t h during nine t im e s n i n e y e ars t h e y a re B ot h a c h a nd F u id hi r b ut a ft e r t h a t t h e y a r e r a n k e d a s S e nc le i t h e o r o l d a d h e r e nt s 5 Th e F in e as t h us c o ns t it u t e d was fo rm e d o f t wo d i s t inc t class e s —o ne b e ing m e mb e rs o f t h e sam e t rib e a s t h e F la t h a nd c o ns i s t e d o f h is o wn i m m e d i a t e fam i ly a n d r e l a t i o n s a n d o f h is S a ar a nd D a or Ce i le ; t h e o t h e r o f s t ra nge r s e p t s a nd br ok e n m e n fro m o t h e r t r ib e s wh o w e r e s e t t l e d o n t h e land A nc ie nt L w v o l iii p 1 1 v o l iv pp 39 4 3 l b vol i p 32 1 a
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fo r m e d a cl a ss o f sub o rd i na t e fo ll o w e rs Th e bas i s was a t e rr it o r ia l o ne ; b u t w h il e t h e au t h o r it y a nd pr iv i l e e s o f g t h e c h ie f w e r e d e r iv e d fro m h is d e i s t h e re was l ik e w is e a b o n d o f u nio n b e t w e e n him a nd t h e fo rm e r class d e ri ve d fro m c o mmu ni t y o f bl o o d a nd h e add e d t o h is t e rri t o rial r igh t s t h e na t ural cl a im t o t h e ir all e g ianc e ar is ing fr o m his p o s it io n a s a h e r e d i t a ry c hie f o f t h e ir T ua t h as w e ll a s t he r igh t t o pu ni s h i mp e rfe c t s e rvi c e Th e m o s t i mp o r t ant o f t h e s e s e r vi c e s o n t h e p a r t o f t h e Ce i le was t h e d ut y o f f o ll o w T he Boo k o f A i c ill o ne o f t h e s e law i ng t h e i r c h ie f t o war A c h ie f m a y e n fo rc e a S loig e d o r h o s t i ng t r a c t s t e lls us T h a t is t h e re is a sma c ht a nd t h e c o mm e nt a t o r e xpl a in s ne up o n a B a o r Ce i le o f t h e Gra df e i n e t h a t i s o f t h e ra nks b e l o w t h e A i res fo r n o t g o ing t o i t a nd for c o m ing away fro m it ; d o ubl e w o rk up o n t h e S a or Ce ile o f t h e Gra d Fe i ne for n o t go ing t o i t a nd H o no r pri c e for c o m ing away fr o m it A no t h e r a n d p e r h aps m o r e a n ci e nt t rac t in t h e Br e h o n L aws g iv e s us l ik e w i s e a v ie w o f t h e F i ne T h e r e we are T h e s e a re t h e d iv i s io n s o f t h e Fi n e o f e ac h F la t h o r t o ld ’ c h ie f H is Fni d li i r h is Ci ni nd o r k in sfo lk h is Ga oa i l f oot ag ni a t (u n d e r w h i c h na m e his C e il e a re c o m pr i s e d ) all o f w h o m 6 m f Fl i h n a e o a t h F n e r h t e c h ie f s F i n e o r s e p t i o g o by t e T h at d i vi s io n o f t h e F i ne w h i c h was f o rm e d o f t h o s e o f t h e s a m e t ri b e a s t h e F la t h o r c h i e f c o n s is t e d o f t wo d is t in c t e l e m e n t s t h e firs t b e ing t h e Ci n i n d o r n e ar k insm e n o f t h e Fla t h a n d t h e s e c o n d o f t h o s e o f t h e t rib e wh o b e cam e h is d e p e n d ant s a nd foll o w e rs Th e firs t as d e sc e nd e d fro m t he o r ig i n al fo u n d e r o f t h e s e p t h a d h e r e d it a ry cl a i ms up o n h is l a n d as w e ll as du t ie s a nd pr i v il e g e s d e riv e d fro m k in t o t h e c h ie f w h il e t h e r ig h t s a nd du t ie s o f t h e l a t t e r w e re fo und e d o n c o nt rac t ; a n d h e r e we c o m e i n c o nt ac t w i t h o ne o f t h e
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ccup i e d by e a c h gr o up b e ing p o ss e ss e d i n c o mm on by it s m e mb e rs s o t h a t i t was o nly w h e n t h e sub o rdin at e gro ups b e c a m e e xt in c t t h at a r e d is t ribu t ion o f i t t o o k plac e Of w h at m e mb e rs o f t h e F i n e t h e n d id e ac h o f t h e s e M mbe s l f’ l u e r e s e e ms t o b e n o d o ub t as t o t h e gri r ups r ally c o n s is t ? T h o e l i li s g Th e Ge i l ne numb e r w h i c h f o rm e d t h e m e mb e rs o f e ac h c ons is t e d o f ve p e rs o ns o nly wh o w e r e ne ar e s t o f k i n t o t h e chie f b ut t h e s e m igh t b e f ou n d e it h e r i n t h e d e sc e nd ing o r asc e nding l ine o r w e r e in t h e s t ri c t e s t s e n s e o f t h e t e rm c ollat e ral Th e d e sc e n d ing l ine was t e rm e d Be l n e a nd t h e Ge i lj ine c on s i s t e d o f t h e fa t h e r t h e so n t h e g ra nds o n t h e t h ra ds r n n d e e a t gr e a t g ran ds o n t re at o t h e fif t h n o a g g g ra asc T h e nd ing l in e was t e rm e d Uni/n e o r back n t i o n e e e g family a nd we a re t o ld t h a t vi e w e d in t h is c onne c t ion t h e Gei l né c o n s is t e d o f t h e f a t h e r s br o t h e r a n d his s o n t o t h e 10 Th e c o lla t e ral re la t i o ns h i p wa s t e rm e d fift h ge ne rat i on Ta obh ne o r s i d e fam ily ; a n d acc o rdi ng t o M r O D o no va n a nd t h e au t h o r it i e s h e r e fe rs t o t h e Ge i l ne i s d e fi n e d as t he firs t o r d ir e c t fam i ly ; t h e f a t h e r a n d h i s t wo s o ns a nd t wo gran ds on s ; c o lla t e ral t rib e Th e D e i r bh ne as t h e s e c o n d t ri b e ; t h e ne x t in p o in t o f d i nit y t o t h e Ge i lfi ne ; g o
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s o ns T h e I a r ne as t h e aft e r fam ily ; t wo s ons o f g ran ds o ns a nd t h e i r s ons mak ing fo ur p e rs o ns a nd I nd ne as t h e fo ur t h a nd l o w e s t d ivis ion 11 o f a t r ib e He d o e s n o t d e fi ne t h e m e mb e rs o f w h i c h i t c ons i s t s b ut i t may b e i nfe rr e d t h at h e h e ld i t t o c ons is t o f t h e t wo s o n s o f gr e at gra n ds o ns a nd t h e ir s o ns c o rr e sp o nd i ng t o t h e ve ge ne ra t io ns o f t h e Br e h o n L aws Th e fa t h e r wh o in e ac h cas e was t h e h e ad o f t h e Ge i l ne i s e v i d e nt ly t h e p e rs o n fr e qu e nt ly r e fe rr e d t o i n t h e s e L aws as t h e Ge i l né c h i e f a nd t h e o t h e r f o ur m e mb e rs o f t hi s g r o up w e r e e vi d e nt ly hi s ne ar e s t a gnat e s acc o rd ing t o t h e p o si t io n o f t h e fam ily b u t t h e m e mb e rs o f t h e o t h e r t h r e e g r o ups as pr e s e nt e d t o us i n t h e s e L aws ca nn ot b e v ie we d as h is T h e D e i r bh ne I a rj iné a n d I ndfine w e r e d e sc e n da nt s c o nt e mp orary w it h t h e Gei l ne o bv io usly c ol la t e ral a n d o t h e rw i s e i t i s i mp o ss ibl e t h a t t h e y c o uld o n t h e o n e h a nd h av e b e e n j oint ly r e sp o ns ibl e for a k in sman or o n t h e o t h e r h av e S h ar e d in t h e succ e ss io n o f e ac h as t h e y b e cam e e x t in c t ; a n d we c a n g a t h e r fr o m s e v e ral e xpr e ss io n s in t h e L aws t h a t suc h was t h e cas e T h us we nd in t h e S e nc h u s M or t he s e v e nt e e n p e rs on s a re t e rm e d r e la t i v e s a n d a re d e fi ne d i n 12 k insm e n (Ble og osi n) a n d t h e s e a re t h e c o mm e nt ary as d is t ingu is h e d as T o ba c h S a ig i a n d B leog a i n o r k in sm e n i n 13 I n a not h e r c omm e nt ary t h e s e t e rms a re t h us n e r al e g d e fi ne d : Toba c h t h at i s t h e ne ar e s t k insm a n t h at i s t h e l iab il it y o f h is so n a nd g ra n ds on S a ig i t h at is t h e m i ddl e k insman t h at i s t h e li ab il it y o f a k insma n as far as s e v e nt e e n B leog a i n t h a t i s k insman t h at i s t h e far t h e s t ki nsman o r 14 The firs t o bv iously r e fe rs t o t h e c on s t it u e nt m e mb e rs C in o f t h e Ge i l n é ; t h e s e c o nd t o t h e t h r e e o t h e r g r o ups ; a nd t h e t h ird t o t h e r e main d e r o f t h e k in o f t h e c h i e f wh o d id n ot b e l o ng t o t h e s e ar t i fic i al g r o ups ’
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T h e s e s t at e m e nt s r e pr e s e nt d iffe r e nt s t at e s of t h e t ri b e ; t h e o ld e r s t at e w h e n t h e m e mb e rs o f t h e t ri b e w e r e e qual a n d i n d e p e n d e nt o f e ac h o t h e r a nd t h e lat e r w h e n t h e y h ad b e c o m e d e p e nd e nt up on t h e F la th or c h ie f ; b ut b ot h migh t e x is t at t h e sam e t i m e s o m e t ak ing s t o ck fr o m t h e c hie f a nd s om e fro m t h e k ing T h e r e wa s t h is d i s t in ct i on b e t we e n t h e c hi e f a nd t h e k ing as r e gards S a er s t o ck t e nur e t h at t h e c o nn e c t ion b e t w e e n t h e F la t h a nd t h e Ce i le was bas e d up o n c ont rac t a nd t h e c o nne ct io n w h ic h was fr e e ly e nt e r e d i nt o m igh t b e d i ss o lv e d by e it h e r p a r t y ; b ut we are a t old i n t h e C a i n isa orr tha d h or l a w o f S a e r s t o ck t e nur e man n e e d n e v e r acc e p t o f D a er s t o ck fro m a ny o t h e r u nl e ss h e l ik e s i t h i ms e lf a n d h e n e e d n o t acc e p t e v e n o f S a e r s t o ck fr om a ny b ut h is o wn k ing a nd h e c a nno t r e fus e t ak ing S a er s t o ck fr o m h is o wn k ing A nd fur t h e r h e canno t s e parat e from hi s o wn k ing a t a ny t im e e i t h e r w hil e h e h o lds by S a e r 19 s t o ck t e nur e o r by D a er s t o ck t e nur e A n d in t h e Ca i n A igi llne o r law o f D a er s t o ck t e nur e we r e ad Th e l a w d oe s no t r e qu ir e o f a m a n t o acc e p t o f D a e r s t o ck fr o m h is o wn chie f or fro m a n e x t e r n c h ie f o r fro m h is o wn k i ng or fr o m an e x t e rn k ing b ut t h e law r e qu ir e s o f hi m t o t ak e S a er s t o ck from h is o wn k ing I f h e t ak e s D a e r s t o ck it s h o uld b e fr o m 2° his o wn k ing T h i s p o w e r w h ic h t h e Ri Tu a th p o ss e ss e d o f fo rcing t h e m emb e rs o f t h e t rib e t o b e c om e h is d e p e ndant s i n S a er s t o ck t e nur e a n d o f r e t aining t h e m p e rma ne nt ly e n abl e d h im t o incre as e h is d e p e n dant s t o a ny e x t e nt a nd b e s i d e s t h e Cei le w h o m h e t h us g at h e r e d ar o u n d hi m h e li k e w i s e s e t t l e d Fu i d hi r o r s t ra nge r s e p t s up o n his was t e lan d in pr o p o r t i o n t o t h e e x t e nt o f hi s t e rri t o ry a nd t h e am o u nt o f h is w e al t h He t h us no t o nly o ccup i e d t h e p o s it i on o f Bi Tu a th o r k ing o f t h e t r ib e w i t h all it s righ t s a n d priv il e g e s b ut
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c h i e f wa s l ik e w is e t h e c h ie f o f a n e nt ir e F i ne o r s e p t T h i s is i mpl ie d in a passag e in t h e t rac t Of t h e j udgm e nt o f e v e ry cri m e w h e r e we a re t o ld t h at t h e r e as o n W hy t he cr i m e g o e s up o n t h e D e i r bh ne a nd t h e I a r n e b e fo r e i t g o e s u p o n t h e Fla th o r c h ie f is b e caus e it i s o n e c h ie f t h at i s o v e r t h e m t h e Fla t/ i Gei ine lf An o t h e r passage a nd h e i s ch i e f o f fo ur Fi nes o r gro ups in t h e Bo o k o f Ai c ill als o S h o ws t h at h e was ne x t i n ra nk a nd p o w e r t o t h e ki ng for i t app or t ions t h e fi ne s for inj uring t he r o ads o f a T u a th b e t w e e n t h e Ri o r k ing a nd t he Fla th Ge i l W h at i s t h e r e a s on t h a t t h e r e i s m o r e d ue t o ne a nd adds t h e Ri Tu a t h for i nj ur i ng his pr in c ipal r o ad t h an h is b y r o ad a nd t h a t t h e r e i s m o r e d ue t o t h e Ge i lj iné c h i e f for i nj ur ing h i s b y r o ad t h an h i s prin c ipal r o ad ? T h e r e as o n i s t h e princ ipal r o ad i s m or e t h e p e cul iar pr op e r t y o f t h e Ri Tu a th t h an t h e b y r o ad a nd t he b y r o ad i s m o r e t h e p e culi ar p ro ‘ 21 p e r t y o f t h e F la th Ge i lj ine t h an t h e principal r o ad Wh e r e t h e n a re we t o r e c ogni s e t h e Fla th Ge il né am ong Th e Ge i lfine t h e A i res o f a Tu a th o f t h e Gr a d Fla t h ? c h ie f as we se e r e c e i v e d his s t o ck o r subs i dy d ir e c t fro m t h e Ri T ua th b ut t h e r e w e r e o nly t wo o f t h e A i r es wh o w e r e i n t h i s p o s it ion a n d i n t h is r e sp e ct t h e A i re s o f a Th e A i r e D esa a nd t h e A i re Tu a t h fall i nt o t wo d iv is io ns A r d r e c e i v e d t h e ir s t o ck fr o m a F la t h b u t t h e A i re T a is e a nd t h e A i r e Forg a i ll fr o m t h e Ri T u a t h d ir e c t a nd i t i s i n t h i s lat t e r d i v i s io n we h av e t o l oo k fo r t h e F la th Ge i l né Th e A i re Forg a ill was t h e h igh e st g rad e o f t h e A ir es a nd is sai d t o b e s o n am e d b e caus e i t i s h e t h at t e s t i e s (For tg ella ) t o t h e grad e s i n e v e ry cas e i n w h i c h d e n ial o f a c h arg e i s s ough t a nd b e caus e h is quali t y i s sup e r io r t o t h at o f his fe ll o ws wh il e t h e A i re Ta i se is said t o b e s o call e d b e caus e T he F la th Gc i lfiné
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rac e h as pr e c e d e n c e o r as i t may b e m or e l it e rally re n d e r e d b e caus e h e i s Tn i see h or l e a d e r fro m r a c e (Toi sec h 22 f rm r as t h sup e r io r o f t h e t wo may a (fi ni a l T h o e e e ) pr obably b e vie w e d as t h e F la th Gei l né o r Ge i l né c h ie f a nd e x e rc is e d t h e j ud ic ia l fu n c t io n s o f a c h i e f ; w h i l e t h e lat t e r as t he o ld e s t cad e t l e d t h e fo rc e s o f t he clan w h e n call e d o ut e it h e r by t h e c h i e f o r by t h e k ing o n a S lu a g e d o r h o s t ing A l t h o u g h t h e p o s it io n o f Fla t h o r c h ie f o f a s e p t as w e ll E idhgsion a s t h at o f Bi T u a t h or h e ad o f t h e w h o l e t r ib e was h e r e d it ary in t h e fa m ily b ut e l e c t iv e i n t h e p e rs o n t h e r e c a n b e l it t l e d oub t t h at t h e s e nio r o f t h e fa m ily as r e pr e s e nt i ng t h e fo u nd e r o f it was u suall y e l e c t e d a s e nt it l e d t o t h e p o sit ion u nl e ss d isqu a l ifi e d by s o m e d e fe c t m e nt al or p h ys ical a nd t h is pri nc ipl e i s r e c ogni s e d i n t h e t rac t o n S ucc e ss i on w h e r e i t i s t h us l a id d o w n T he s e nio r w it h t h e Fi ne or s e p t d ig nit y wit h t h e Fla t h o r c h ie f w i sd o m w i t h t h e Ee la i s or c h urc h ; a nd t h i s rul e i s t h us i llus t ra t e d i n t h e c o mm e nt ary : I n oranc e g was s e t as i d e for w i sd o m i n t h e o rd e rs o f t he c h urc h A n A i leen or t e n ant o f t h e Gra d F e i ne was s e t as id e for a F la t h o r c h ie f a j u nio r was s e t as i d e for t h e s e nio r t h a t i s t h e p e rs on wh o is j u nio r s h all ris e or walk o ut o f t h e k i ng s h ip or t he abbacy or t h e Ge i l né c h i e fs h i p b e f o r e t h e p e rs o n wh o i s A n d a g ai n s e nio r A ge i s r e ward e d by t h e F e i ne for w h e re t h e r e a re t wo A i r e s o r l o rds o f t h e sam e fam i ly wh o a re o f e qual d i ni t y a nd pr o p e r t y t h e s e nio r s h all t a k e pr e c e g d e n c e A n d ag a i n T he s e nio r i s e nt it l e d t o n obl e e l e c t io n b ut if t h e k ing s b e e qu a lly o l d a nd go o d l o t s a re t o b e cas t b e t w e e n t h e m re sp e c t i ng t h e k ings h ip b ut i f one o f t h e m is o ld e r t h a n t h e o t h e r h e s h all i nally i t i s la i d i n t o it F o g d ow n t h at t h e j u nio r s h ar e s a n d t h e s e nior i s e l e c t e d a nd t h at it i s acc o rd i n t o d e s e r t t h e y c o m e int o p o w e r a nd it i s g acc ord ing t o t h e goo d ne ss o f t h e bra nc h i t s e lf a nd t h e goo d n e ss o f t h e grad e als o a n d t he m o s t w o r t h y p e rs o n o f t h e ’
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acc o rd ing t o t h e Th e f o ll o w i ng c o mm e nt ary o n t h e qual it ie s r e qu ir e d i n a c h ie f f ur t h e r illus t ra t e s t h e pr i ncipl e s on w h ic h t h e s e l e c t ion is m ad e The no bl e s t t h a t is i n a ge o r in rac e (Ge ne l) T h e w e al t h i e s t t h at i s i n Th e h ig h e s t t h at i s in g rad e pl o ugh ing an d r e ap ing The s h r e wd e s t t h at is in w isd o m o r in m in d T h e w i s e s t t h a t i s i n l e arning P o pular as t o c o m purgat i on t h a t i s wh o h as g oo d fri e n ds w i t h c o mpurga t ors t h a t is go o d frie nds o u t s i d e t h e t e rrit o ry ad h e ri ng t o h im Th e m o s t p o w e rful t o su e t h at i s t o pro s e cu t e fo r e ac h o f T he m o s t firm t o su e for pro fi t s t h a t i s o f t h e t he m d i ba d pr o p e r t y A nd l o ss e s t h a t i s l iab il it ie s Finally t h e b o dy o f e ac h is h is F ine t h a t i s t h e b o dy o f e ac h p e rs on wh o i s h e ad is h is Fi ne T h e re i s no b o dy w it h o u t a h e ad 23 t h a t i s o f t h e ms e lv e s o v e r t h e m acc o rd ing t o law It was t h e o p e ra t i on o f t h i s rul e t h at l e d t o bro t h e rs b e ing pr e fe rr e d t o s o ns a nd w h e n t h e r e was al t e rnat e succ e ss ion t h e c o lla t e ral i n t h e sam e d e g r e e was pr e fe rr e d t o t h e s o n o f h is pr e d e c e ss o r as b e in h o mm on o n d r n ar r t t e c o e e e e e e g g a nc e s t o r T h e r e gulat i o n s for c o mp e ll ing a t t e n dan c e up on t h e S lu ag e d or h o s t ing s t i ll fur t h e r i llus t rat e t h e r e lat io ns b e t w e e n t h e k ing a n d t h e c h i e f o f a s e p t T h e y a re c ont aine d i n t h e B o o k o f A ic ill a n d a re as f o ll o ws I f a m an of t he Gra d F la t h w it h h is D a e r Ce i le c a m e away fro m i t (t h at i s t h e h o s t ing) o r if t h e Ce i le cam e away fr o m it if o rd e r e d by t h e c h ie f H o no r pr i c e s h all b e pa i d fo r i t h alf o f w h i c h g o e s t o t h e k ing o f t h e pr o v i n c e a nd t h e o t h e r h alf i s d iv i d e d i nt o t h r e e par t s ; on e t h ird goe s t o t h e k ing wh o i s ne ar e s t t he k i ng o f t h e pro vinc e i n upward grada t io n (t h at i s t h e k ing of a Mor tu a th) o ne t h ird t o t h e Ri T u a t h wh o is o v e r t h o s e 3 A nc i e n t L a ws of I r e la nd v o l i v p p 37 3 37 5 ,
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c h ie fs a nd i nt e rm e dia t e c h ie fs by w h c h Fl a t ha i bli ) wh o a re b e t w e e n t h e m i n t h e m i ddl e i ( lat t e r d i s t inct io n t he t wo d iv is ions o f t h e A i r es o f t h e Gra d Fla th are i nt e n d e d I f it was a ma n o f t h e Gra d Fla t h a nd o ne Ce i le t h at c a m e away fro m i t H o no r pri c e i s t o b e pai d for i t als o ; a nd t h e s h ar e w h i c h t h e Ce ile S h o uld p a y if all t h e Ce i le h ad b e e n c on ce r ne d in i t i s w h at h e i s t o pay n ow a nd t h e re maind e r i s t o b e pai d by him (t h at is t h e c h i e f) a nd t h e sam e d ivi s io n i s m a d e o f t h e h alf for t h e k ing o f t h e p ro vi nc e a nd t h e o t h e r h a lf i s d ivi d e d i nt o t h r e e par t s I f it was t h e Ce i le t h e ms e lv e s t h a t cam e away fr o m i t wit h out t h e c h ie f s l e a ve t h e S ma c ht ne or H o no r pri c e w h ic h i s d ue for it i s t o b e pai d by t h e m ; o ne t h ird o f i t o e s t o t h e k in g o f t h e pr o v i n c e a n d o ne t h ird t o t h e c h i e f g ’ wh o s e Ce i le cam e away a nd t h e o t h e r t h ird i s t o b e d ivi d e d int o t h r e e par t s o n e t h i rd o f w h i c h g oe s t o t h e k ing o f t h e Tu a th wh o i s o v e r t h e m a n d o ne t h ird t o t h e c h i e fs a nd i n t e rme d ia t e c h ie fs wh o a re i n t h e m i ddl e b e t w e e n t h e m to wh ic h is a dd e d W h e ne v e r i t is S ma eht ne t h a t i s pai d it s h a ll b e pai d acc ord ing t o t h e ra nk o f t h e p e rs on wh o pays it ; a n d w h e ne v e r H o no r pric e i s pai d i t s h all b e pai d o f t h e p e rs o n t o w h o m i t i s pai d ra k a cc o rd in t t h e n o g W h at i s t h e r e as on t h at t h e r e i s a gre at e r ne up o n t h e Gra d Fla t h for n o t g o ing t o t h e h o s t ing t h an up o n t h e Gra d F ei ne Th e r e as o n i s T h e h o s t in g or t h e D u n bu ild i ng suffe rs a gr e at e r l oss fr o m t h e ab s e n c e o f t h e Gra d F la th t h an fro m t h at o f t h e Gr a d F e i ne a n d t h e y a re m o r e ne e d e d a nd i t i s ri h t t h e r e s h o uld b e a n r a t e r e e up o n t h e m g g Wh at i s t h e r e as on t h at t h e r e i s a gr e at e r ne i mp os e d up on t h e m for c o m ing away fro m i t t h an for not going t o it ? The r e as on o f it i s I t i s m o r e dang e r o us for t h e k ing t o b e d e s e r t e d o u t s i d e in a n e ne my s t e rr it o ry t h a n t h a t t h e y 24 S h ould not u i o o t w t h h i m a t r s t g A nc ie nt L a ws of I re la nd v o l iii p p 495 4 9 7 b e lo w
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bs e rv e d may w e ll b e d o ub t e d b ut t h o s e r e gard ing 25 fo o d a re pr o bably e no ug h P o rri dg e wa s t o b e giv e n t o t h e m all b ut t h e mat e ri a ls o f w h i c h i t i s mad e a n d t h e fl avouring vary acc o rd i ng t o t h e ra n k o f t h e par e nt s o f t h e c hildr e n Th e s ons o f t h e infe rio r grad e s a re fe d t o bar e suf c ie nc y o n p o rr idg e mad e o f o a t m e al a n d bu t t e r m ilk o r w a t e r Th e s on s o f c h ie fs a re fe d t o sat ie t y t ak e n w i t h sal t bu t t e r o n p o rri dg e mad e o f barl e y m e a l up o n n e w m ilk w it h fr e s h bu t t e r T he s o n s o f k ings a re fe d o n p o rri dg e m a d e o f fl o ur up on ne w m ilk t ak e n wit h h o ne y Th e fo o d o f all h ow e v e r was al ik e t ill t h e e n d o f a y e ar o r o f t h r e e y e ars The pri c e o f t h e fo s t e rag e o f t h e s o n o f a n Og a i re is t h r e e S e d s o r t h r e e S a mha i sc s t h a t i s t h r e e —y e a r ol d h e i f e rs ; a nd fo r his dau gh t e r f o ur S ed s a S e d in add it io n b e i ng gi v e n fo r t he dau gh t e r b e caus e t h e h o us e h o ld arrang e m e nt s for h e r acc omm o da t ion a re m o r e e x t e ns i v e t h a n for t he s ons T h i s was t he l o w e s t pri c e giv e n a nd t h e F e r Mi d bni d o r m a n o f t h e fo s t e rag e for l e ss t he h umbl e s t ra nk c o uld no t p e rfo r The b oys w e r e t o b e t aug h t t h e h e rding o f l a mbs calv e s k i ds dry ing c o mb ing a nd w o o d cu t t ing ; a nd y o u ng p ig s a nd k il n— a nd t h e dau g h t e rs t h e u se o f t h e qu e r n t h e k n e ad ing t r o u h g T h e pri c e o f t h e fo s t e rag e o f t h e so n o f a a nd t h e s ie v e Boa i re was ve S e d s o r t h r e e c o ws Th e pr i c e o f t h e fo s t e r age o i t h e s o n o f a n A i re was t e n S e d s a nd i ns t ruc t io n i n t he usual sc ie n c e s i s g iv e n him t h a t is t h e s o ns w e r e t au gh t h ors e m ans h ip bra nn playing s h o ot ing ch e ss pl a y ing and swimming ; a nd t h e dau gh t e rs s e w ing an d cu t t i ng o ut a nd e mbr o i d e ry T h e pri c e o f t h e fo s t e rag e o f t h e s on o f a k i ng was t h irt y S e d s a nd t h e fo s t e r s o ns w e r e t o h a ve h ors e s in t im e o f r a c e s a nd t h e fo s t e r fat h e r was b o u n d t o t e ac h t h e m h o rs e man s h ip t i cally
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25
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r e lat io ns h ip t h us fo rm e d was c o ns i d e r e d m o s t frie ndly a nd was c o nne c t e d w it h t he Ge i l ne r e la t io ns h ip b ut t h e passag e w h ic h s t at e s it i s so Obscur e t h at it i s d if cul t t o at t ac h a d e fi nit e m e ani ng t o it T h e c h il dre n re mai ne d w it h t h e f o s t e r fat h e r t ill t h e b oys w e r e s e v e nt e e n T h e a g e o f t h e b o ys was d i vi d e d int o a n d t h e g irls f o ur t e e n The firs t e x t e n d e d t il l h e wa s s e v e n y e ars Old ; t h r e e p e r i o ds t h e s e c o n d fr o m s e v e n t o t w e lv e y e ars a nd t h e t h i rd t ill D uri ng t h e firs t p e ri o d t h e fo s t e r fat h e r h e was s e v e nt e e n m igh t pu nis h h im for faul t s w it h cas t igat i on a nd dur in g t h e s e c on d w it h cas t ig at i on w it h o ut foo d b ut for h is firs t faul t t h e r e w e r e t o b e t h r e e t h r e at e ning s w i t h o u t cas t ig a t io n a nd aft e r t h e a ge o f t w e lv e h e h ad t o mak e c o mp e n sat io n in t h e usual way w it h r e gard t o w h i c h t h e r e a re many m in u t e r e g ul a t i on s On t h e t e rm in at io n o f t h e fo s t e rage t h e fo s t e r fat h e r r e t ur ne d t h e c h i ldr e n wi t h a par t ing gif t w h i c h was r e g ul at e d acco rd ing t o t h e H ono r pric e ; a nd in r e t ur n t h e fo s t e r so n was b o u n d t o maint ain his fo s t e r fa t h e r i n S ick n e ss o r Old a ge i n t h e sam e ma nn e r as h e w o uld ma int a in h i s own fa t h e r a nd m o t h e r S uc h w e r e t h e l e a d ing f e a t ur e s o f t h e sys t e m o f fos t e rag e 26 as pr e s e nt e d t o us i n t h e S e nc h us M or T h e a n c i e nt t o p ograp h i cal d e scr ip t ions o f s o m e o f t h e t e r ri t orie s i n t h e t h r e e pr o v i nc e s o f M u n s t e r C o nn au g h t a nd U ls t e r w h i c h h av e b e e n print e d by t h e I ris h A rc h ae o l ogical a nd C e l t i c S o c ie t y a n d w h i c h h av e b e e n alr e ady r e f e rr e d t o as affording i llus t rat ions o f t h e t ri b e sys t e m s o far as p re s e rv e d li k e w i s e ind i cat e t h e e x i s t e n c e Of t h e Fi ne o r s e p t T h us in t h e d is t ri ct o f Gorc a L a i d he in M u ns t e r w h ic h c o ns i s t e d o f e igh t T u a ths o r t rib e t e rrit orie s in d e scri b ing T h e s e are i t s t he d i s t ri ct o f Gni l Ge a r na d ha i t i s add e d h e re d it ary t rib e s (Fi ne a d li a d ne knsa ) O Ro t hl a in i t s Toi s e a c h a n d U a Gui nn U a I arna in a n d U a Fi na in t h r e e s e p t s ,
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w h i c h suffici e nt ly e xpl a ins t h e i r r e l a t i on t o t h e H e says t h at t h e s e Og la i c li w e r e t h e p e t t y c h i e fs K e n ni e s or h e a ds o f fa m i l i e s pr o p e rly s e p t s wh o h e l d t h e ir l a n ds by t h e s a m e right o f d e sc e nt fr o m t h e c o m m o n a n c e s t o r a s t h e c h ie f o r r a t h e r T oi se a c h h ims e lf ; a nd t h e y w e r e c a ll e d Og la i e h y o u ng h e r o e s b e c a us e t h e y w e r e b o u n d t o a ss is t him i n h i s w a rs ag ains t hi s 27 e ne mi e s a t t h e h e a ds Of t h e i r r e sp e c t i v e cl a n s We h av e s o m e info r m at i o n t o o r e ga rd ing t h e Fi ne or s e p t i n C onn a u gh t T h us i n t h e Trib e s a n d C us t om s Of Hy Fiac hra ic h we re ad t h a t Fi a c h ra s o n Of Eo c h a id h M uighmh e a d h o in A r d r i o f E ri n c o l o ni s e d t h i s d i s t r i c t a nd h a d a s o n Amha lga i d h fr o m w h o s e s o n F e d hlim spr a ng t h e Ci ne a l Fe d li li m i d h w h i c h c o n s is t e d Of O C e a ll a c h a i n O C a it h nia d h M a c C o inin O M u imh ne a c h a i n M a c F h i o na i n O G e ara dh ain O C o nb oirn e T h e s e a re t h e Ci nea l Fe dhli rni d h o f J orrus T h e Ci ne a l F e i d li li mi olli h e re i s t h e t rib e o ccupy ing a Tu a t h a n d t h e o t h e rs a re t h e F i n e o r s e p t s o f w h i c h it was c o mp o s e d T h e n fr o m A o ngus s on o f A mh algai dh cam e t h e Cine al A o ngu s a in Hy A m h alga id h viz O M u ire a d haigh T a oi sig o f t h e L ag a n H e r e we h av e t he Ta oisec h a t t he h e a d o f t h e Oi n e a l o r t r i b e a n d t h e n we a re t o ld t h a t o f t h e d e sc e nd a nt s o f A o ngu s a re t h e p e o pl e o f D a n F i nn e o r fort o f t h e Fi n e viz O Gu inn M ag Od h rain O C o mh d ha n O D uib hl e a rga O B e a rga O Bligh e O D u an m a o r D uan maig h a nd t h e s e w e r e t h e Fi n e o r s e p t s A mh alga id h h ad o t h e r s o ns by B arca dau h t e r o f Eo c h a i d h k i n o f L e in s t e r g g t h e e ld e s t o f w h o m was F e r us a nd hi s so n M u ire a d h ac h g 27 G e ne a l a c h C o rc L a i d h M isc e lla ny of t he C e lt i c S o c i e t y pp 3 1 4 9 V OL III N as
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T II E FI NE OR S EPT
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u nde r him e v e ry s e p t or surnam e h a t h a part i cula r c h ie f t ain w h i c h h at h l ik e wis e his p e cu lia r d e m e s ne a nd o r Ta ni s t dut ie s a nd t h e s e p o ss e ss io n s g o by succ e ss io n or e l e c t io n b u t a ll t h e o t h e r l a n ds h o ld e n e nt ir e ly w it h o u t a ny d i v i s i o n by t h e infe ri o r i nh a b it a n t s a re p a r t a bl e i n c o urs e o f gav e l k ind w h e r e in t h e r e is no d i ffe r e n c e mad e b e t w e e n l e git imat e 32 s ons a nd bas t a rds S uch t h e n b e ing t h e l e ad ing fe a t ur e s o f t he T u a th o r T h T ib m w l t rib e a nd t h e F i ne o r s e p t s o far as w e c a n g a t h e r t h e m fro m t h e A n c i e nt Laws o f I re l a n d a n d as we nd t h e m e x e m i s i i t i n h l a t e r c o n d it i o n o f t h e c o u nt ry w h c h li d t e e p e ss e nt i al for o u r purp o s e t o i n d ic a t e we mus t n o w pass o v e r t o t h e main l a n d o f G r e a t Bri t ai n a nd e x a m in e h o w far we c a n l i k e w i s e t r a c e t h e m i n t h e A n c i e nt L a ws o f i t s W e ls h p opul at io n ; a n d h e r e we s e e cl e arly e no u gh t h at a t ribal sys t e m p o ss e ss ing i n t h e m a in t h e sam e c h a rac t e ris t i cs l ie s a t t he fo u n d a t io n o f t h e i r s o c i al o rg a nis a t io n I t was l i k e w i s e m o d ifi e d i n t h e m ai n by t h e sa m e i nfl ue nc e s b ut t h a t o f t h e Ch urc h was e arl i e r e n c o u nt e r e d a nd it c o uld h a rdly e scap e b e ing affe c t e d by a not h e r i nflu e n c e t o w h i c h t h e I r is h t r ib e was no t e xp o s e d viz t h a t o f t h e Ro m a n i ns t it u t ions dur ing t h e p e r i o d w h e n t h e We ls h p o pul a t io n f o rm e d a par t o f t h e Ro man pr o v i nc e — a n i nflu e n c e h o w e v e r w h i c h wo uld b e m o r e int e ns e in t h e s o u t h e r n a nd e as t e r n d is t ri c t s a n d m o re sup e r c ial in t h e m o u n t a in o us r e io n o f t h e w e s t and in t h e g fr ont ie r d is t ri c t s b e t w e e n t h e Ro man w a lls w h o s e W e ls h p opul at io n af t e rwards fo rm e d t h e k ing d om o f S t r a t h clyd e Th e W e ls h c o d e s w h i c h h a v e b e e n pr e s e rv e d a re t h o s e o f G wy ne dd o r N o r t h Wa l e s a n d D yve d a nd G w e nt t h e w e s t a nd e as t d iv i s i o n s o f S o u t h Wal e s Be s i d e s t h e s e w e h av e s om e fragm e nt s o f C o mm e nt a rie s print e d u n d e r t h e t it l e o f A no m a l o us La ws a n d we h a v e als o t h e adv a nt a e o f p o ss e ss g i ng a L at in v e rs io n o f t h e Laws o f D ve d w h i c h i v e s us t h e g y
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qu ival e nt o f t he We ls h t e rms in t h e L a t in o f t he fe udal c h ar t e rs T h e o ld e s t o f t h e s e c o d e s a re c e r t a inly t h e L aws Of G wy n e dd o r N o r t h Wal e s a n d t h e y r e c o ni s e t h e i nfl u g e nc e o f t h e C h urc h a s e s t a bl i s h i ng t h e sa n c t io n o f marr ia e g r e qu iri ng l e git imacy i n t h e s o ns a nd i nt r o ducing a law o f prim oge nit ur e i n t h e succ e ss io n t o l a n d w h i c h d id no t e x is t i n t h e I r is h sys t e m w h e n i t d e cl a r e s A n i nnat e B on e d d ig is a p e rs o n wh o s h all b e c o mpl e t e as t o o rig in in Wal e s b o t h by t h e m o t h e r a nd by t h e fat h e r Th e e ccl e s ias t i cal l aw s a ys a g a in t h a t no so n i s t o h av e t h e pa t r im o ny b u t t h e e ld es t b o rn t o t h e fa t h e r by t h e marr ie d w i fe Th e rul e was no t h o w e v e r u ni v e rsally acc e p t e d for it i s add e d T h e l a wo f H o w e l h o w e v e r adj ud g e s it t o t h e y o u nge s t s o n 33 as w e ll a s t o t h e o ld e s t T h e s e laws pr e s e nt t o us t h e Cymr i c p e o pl e o r W e ls h p o pulat ion wh o s t ill maint a in e d t h e i r in d e p e nd e n c e as i n a m o r e advanc e d s t age o f o rgani sat io n t h an t h e I ri s h t rib e s a re We nd t h e la nd d ivi d e d e x h i b it e d i n t h e Br e h o n L aws i nt o T a la e t h o r pr o v in c e s e ac h u n d e r i t s Br e nhi n or k ing S i m il a rly t o t h a t o f I r e la nd a n d all u n d e r a B re nhi n p e n r ha i t h or supr e m e k in ; b ut w h i l e we c a n t rac e t h e o rigi na l g fu nc t ion o f t h e k ing as j udge o f h is p e o pl e t he p o s it ion o f k ing h ad assum e d a m o r e m o d e rn a sp e c t b ot h as r e lat e s t o h is p o w e r a nd au t h o rit y a n d t o his r ig h t s in c o nn e c t io n w i t h t h e lan d Th e w h o l e p e o pl e a re t e rm e d t h e Cene d l y Gy mry o r rac e o f t h e C ymry a n d we c a n s e e t h a t t h e o rg a ni sa t io n o f e ac h pr o v i nc e was bas e d up o n a n e arl ie r t r ibal sys t e m a nd t h at i t mus t h av e b e e n f o rm e d by a c onfe d e ra t i o n o f t ri b e s s i m ilar t o t h at o f t h e I ri s h pr o v in c e I nd i c a t i on s o f t h i s e arl i e r t r i b a l sys t e m app e ar t o b e c o nt a ine d i n T he H e ads o f t h e S o cial S t at e at t r ibu t e d t o D y vnwal M oe lmud a my t h i c k ing T h e s e t r ib e s app e a r as L lwy lli a Conod i We nd als o t he sam e d is t inc t io n o f t h e p e o pl e int o b ond e
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fr e e Ca i t hi on a nd Ryd yon t h e L at in e qu ival e nt s o f w h i c h w e r e Na t i o i a nd Li be ri t h e l a t t e r al o ne r e pr e s e nt ing T h e s e a re t e rm e d t h e a nc ie nt fr e e m e mb e rs Of t h e t r i b e T h e y w e r e pure Oy mri in t h e L aws Bone d d i c Ca nc wyna wl b ot h by fat h e r a nd m o t h e r a nd t he L at in e qu iv a l e nt wa s The h e a d o f t he t r ib e was t h e P e nc en e d l nobi li s i ng e ni ou s o r p r ef ee tns g e ne ris wh o i s s t i ll r e c o gni s e d as a fu n c t i on ary A cc o rd ing t o t h e Tr ia d s o f t h e S o c ial S t a t e i n t h e s e L a ws t he P e nc e ne d l mus t b e t h e Old e s t in t h e Cene d l S O far a s t h e nint h d e gr e e Of k indr e d wh o i s i n full s t r e ngt h o f b o dy a nd m ind Th e s a m e pr o c e s s w h i c h i n t h e cas e o f t h e I r is h t rib e h ad cr e a t e d a cl a ss o f t e rr it o r ia l l o rds or F la i t h n o d o ub t g av e r is e t o t h e s imilar class w h o m we nd fully d e ve l o p e d i n t h e We ls h law T h e s e w e r e t h e U c li e lwyr or F re yr s o m e t im e s t e r m e d M a b Uc lie li oyr j us t as t h e I ri s h Flait h app e ar as M a c Oe la i e h a n d t h e i r L at in e qu i val e nt wa s Op ti m a t es W h e n a fam ily succ e e d e d in r e t aining p os s e ss i on o f t h e sam e p o rt io n o f la nd for a c e r t ain p e rio d t h e y w e re r e c ognis e d a s pr opri e t o rs o f i t a nd e nt e r e d t h e cl a ss of t e rri t o ri al l o rds T h us i n t h e L aws o f G wy n e dd Wh o s oe v e r s h all cl a im lan d a nd s o il by kin and d e sc e nt l e t h im S h o w his kin a nd d e sc e nt fr o m t h e s t o ck fr o m w h e n c e h e i s d e r iv e d a nd if h e b e a f o ur t h m a n h e i s a pr o pr ie t o r b e caus e a four t h ma n b e c o m e s a pr o pri e t o r a nd i n t h e L aws o f G w e nt a d a d e nhu d d i s t h e t ill i ng by a p e rs on o f la nd t ill e d by his fat h e r b e fo r e him I n t h e fo urt h d e gr e e a p e rs on b e c om e s a pr opr ie t o r —his fat h e r h i s g ran dfa t h e r h is gre at 34 n t h T h e s e rv i l e cl a ss gra dfa e r a nd h i ms e lf t h e fo ur t h cons is t e d o f t wo k in ds Fi rs t t h o s e o f na t iv e rac e t e rm e d Ta eog or V i lla nns a nd t h e Ca e th o r pr ae d ial s e rf T h e fo rm e r class was a nal og o us t o t h e D a e r Cei le o r b o nd t e na nt s a nd t h e la t t e r t o t h e S e nc lei t he o f t h e I ri s h Be s ide s t he o ccup ie rs o f t h e s o il wh o w e r e n at iv e m e m a nd
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b e rs o f t he t r ib e t h e r e was a class o f fo r e ig n s e t t l e rs anal o h F u i d hi r o f t h e I r is h wh o w e r e t e rm e d A l ltnd i on us o t o t e g o r s t ra nge rs a n d w e r e s e t t l e d o n t h e was t e la n ds The la n d wh i c h f o rm e d o r ig inally t h e c o m m o n pr o p e r t y o f t h e t rib e n o w app e ars as c o n s i s t ing o f t h e Ti r Gwe lya wg s im il a r t o t h e I ri s h Orba Par t was o r i n h e r it a n c e l a n d h e ld in d e m e s ne a n d cul t ivat e d by t h e A llt n d i on o r s t ra nge r v ill ain s a n d t h e Ca e t li i on o r pr ae d ial s e rfs ; a n d par t o c c u p ie d by t h e T a e og o r n at iv e m e mb e rs o f t h e t rib e wh o h ad b e c o m e his t e na nt s T h e r e wa s als o t h e Ti r B wr d d o r m e n sal land a nd t h e Ti r Gy lla d ns o r ge ldabl e lan d als o t e rm e d Ti r Cyf r if o r r e g is t e r lan d w hi c h was d i v i d e d am o ng 35 Th e m o d e in t h e A i llt o r n at i v e m e mb e rs o f t h e t rib e w hi c h t h e l a n d was o ccup ie d w i ll h o w e v e r b e b e t t e r u n d e r s t oo d i n c o nne ct i o n w it h t h e sys t e m o f land m e asur e m e nt w h i c h app e a rs i n t h e s e l a ws Th e small e s t I t i s t h us giv e n in t h e L aws o f G wy ne dd d e no m inat i on o f lan d was t h e Er w o r acr e I t wa s a r i d ge o f la n d Th e m e asur e was w h at wa s t e rm e d t h e l on g y o k e of s i xt e e n fe e t t h e br e ad t h c o n s i s t e d o f t wo y o k e s a nd t h e l e ngt h was t h i r t y t i m e s i t s br e ad t h I t t h us c ont ain e d 3 4 1 3 squar e yards t hat i s s o m e w h a t l ess t h a n t h r e e —fo ur t h s o f a n i mp e r i al acr e Th e bas is o f t h is sys t e m i s t h e n umb e r fo ur Fo ur o f t h e s e Eri c s form e d a Tyd d yn or m an s h o us e t h at i s t h e h o m e s t e a d o f a s ingl e fa m i ly a n d f o ur T y d d yns mad e a Ra ndi r o r d ivi s i o n o f lan d F o ur Ra ndi rs fo rm e d F o ur a Ga na e l a n d fo ur Ga o a e ls t h e Tr ef or t ownlan d T ref s mad e a M a e na wl Tw e lv e M a en a wls a nd t wo T ref s fo rm e d a Cymwd a nd t wo Cyni wd s a Ca ntre o s o call e d b e caus e it t h us c o nt ain e d o n e h u n dr e d Tr ef s Th e Cymwd h o w e v e r app e a rs t o b e t h e t ru e u nit i n t h is syst e m for we a re t o ld t h at t h e t wo Tref s w h i c h i t c o n t a in e d b e s i d e s t h e t w e lv e Ili a e na wls w e r e fo r t h e u s e o f t h e B re ni n o r k ing ,
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l a n d a nd t h e o t h e r for his w a s t e a nd T h e r e w e r e t h us we a re t o ld f o ur l e gal s um m e r p a s t ur e Erws o f t ill a g e i n e v e ry Ty d d y n ; s ix t e e n i n e v e ry Ra nd i r ; s ix t y fo ur in e ve ry Ga o a e l t wo h u n dr e d a nd ft y s ix i n t h e t w e n t y fo ur i n e v e ry M a e n a wl o n e t h o us a n d a n d Tr ey t w e lv e t h o us a n d t wo h u n dr e d a n d e ig h t y e igh t i n t h e t w e lv e M a e na wls I n t h e t wo T ref s w h i c h p e r t ai n t o t h e c o urt a re t o b e ve h u n dr e d a n d t w e lv e Er ws ; t h e w h ol e o f t h a t w h e n summ e d up i s t w e lv e t h o usa n d a n d e igh t h u ndr e d F ri e s in 36 m w d t he Cy o r a b o u t 9 6 0 0 i mp e r i al a cr e s Th e Tr ef t h us i n t h e m a in c o rre sp o nds t o t h e B a llybo e o r pl o u gh ga t e o f t h e I ris h sys t e m a n d t h e fift y T ref s o f t h e Si x t e e n Cymwd w e r e t h us d is t ribu t e d a m ong t h e p e o pl e Tref s fo rm e d t h e T i r Cyf rif o r r e g is t e r l a nd o ccup ie d by t h e Bone d i c o r fr e e m e mb e rs o f t h e t rib e Eigh t T r efs o r t wo Ma e na wls w e r e ass ig ne d t o t h e Cynghe lla wr a nd t he M a e r wh o re pr e s e nt e d t h e k ing i n t h e Cy m wd a n d d ivi d e d t h e r e gis t e r land am ong t h e p e o pl e Tw e nt y fo ur Tref s or S i x M a ena wls w e re t h e Ti r Gwe ly a wg or inh e rit an c e l a n d p o ss e ss e d by t h e fre e Uc he lwyr ; a nd t h e t wo T r ef s w h ic h r e maine d o v e r w e r e t he k ing s T i r Bwr d d o r m e nsal l a nd U n d e r t h e Uc he lwy r t h e r e wa s a s im ilar d i s t ri bu t ion o f l a n d a nd i t i s Obv io us t h at w h a t wa s o rigina lly t h e c o mm o n la nd o f t h e t ri b e h a d no w c om e t o b e v i e w e d a s t h e pr o p e r t y o f t h e k in g ; a nd t h e Bone d i c o r o riginal fre e o ccup ie rs o f t h e la nd n o w a pp e a r as t he k ing s A i llt s T h o u gh l ik e t h e I ri s h Ce i le t h e y cam e t o o ccupy a d e p e n d e nt p o s i t i o n i n r e l a t i o n t o t h e sup e r io r t h e ir o riginal m o d e o f o ccup a t i o n o f t h e s o i l r e ma ine d u n c h a n e d g a nd t h e M a e r a n d C n he lla wr a re d ir e c t e d t o s h a r e t h is y g land e qu a lly b e t w e e n a ll i n t h e T ref o r t o w ns h ip a nd o n ,
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d e fu nc t vassal a nd s e c ondly t h e A mobr Gobr M e rc h o r mai d e n fe e t h a t i s a fe e pai d t o t he sup e ri o r by t h e p e rs o n subj e c t t o t h a t p a ym e nt o n t h e marri ag e o f a dau gh t e r By t h e W e ls h laws t h e A mobyrs o f t h e d a u h t e rs a re sai d t o b e o f e qu a l a m o u nt wi t h t h e g Ebi d i ws o f t h e ir fa t h e rs a nd t h e r e w e r e t h r e e Ebid i ws —a n E bid i w o f a p o u n d a n Ebid i w o f s ix sc o r e p e n c e a nd a n F bi d i w o f t h r e e sc o r e p e n c e T h e firs t wa s pa i d by t h e pr incip a l o ffic e rs Of t h e pal a c e b y t h e P e ne e ne d l a nd by t h e Of c e rs o f t h e c o u nt ry t h e M a er a nd t h e Cyng he lla wr Th e s e c o n d by t h e sup e rio r o ffic e rs t h e Uc he lwr o r F reyr a h a la e t h o r s o n o f a l o rd ; a n d t h e t h i rd by t h e a nd t h e G w ki ng s T a e og a n A r d d e lwi na n a nd a n A llt ud w h o m t h e king 42 h a s e nfran ch is e d A no t h e r i mp o rt a nt f e a t ure o f t h e I ri s h t rib e sys t e m i s Th e c o mp e n sat io n for e x a c t ly r e fl e c t e d i n t h e W e ls h l a ws e v e ry i nj ury fr o m t h e slau gh t e r o f a m e mb e r o f t h e t rib e t o t h e s mall e s t l o ss was by fi ne s bas e d up o n a v a lu e o r pr i c e p ut up o n e ac h p e rs o n a cc o rd ing t o h is p o s it io n as r e g ards rank and w e al t h T h e fi n e s a re t h e Ga la na s fo r slau gh t e r e qu i val e nt t o t h e Er i c o f t h e I r is h ; t h e S a ra a d o r ne fo r a ny p e rs on a l i nj ury o r i nsul t w h i c h s e e ms t o b e t h e S m a c ht o f t h e I ris h ; t h e D i rwy a nd Ca mlwrw e qu i val e n t t o t h e D i r e fi ne s o f t h e Th e Gwe rt h o r pr i c e o f t h e d i ffe r e nt ranks e qu ival e nt I ris h t o t h e I ri s h H o n o r pri c e a nd w h i c h r e g ulat e d t h e Ga la nas was as fo ll o ws — T h a t o f a k i ng is d e fi ne d in t h e Laws o f Th e G we r t h o r valu e G wy n e dd as t h r e e t im e s h is S a r a a d a nd Ga la n a s o f a P e n c e ne d l i s t o b e p a i d by t h r i c e ni ne k ine a n d t h r i c e n ine sc o r e k in e a nd h i s S a r a a d i s t h r i c e nine k ine T h e Gwer t h o r pri c e a nd t h e a nd t h r i c e n in e sc o r e o f s i lv e r Ga la n a s o f a n Uc he lwr wa s s ix sc o r e a nd s i x k ine a nd his T h a t o f a n at i v e S a ra a d si x k ine a nd s ix sc or e o f s i lv e r Bone d i e o r fr e e m e mb e r o f a t rib e was t h r e e sc o r e a n d t h re e sup e rio r by t he h e ir
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w hi c h a pp e ars t o e x t e nd i t a s far a s t h e I ris h sys t e m We w h oe v e r s h a ll c on fe ss Ga la na s h e a nd nd i n t h e L a ws t h a t his k i ndr e d S h a ll p a y t h e w h o l e o f t h e S a r a a d a n d Ga la na s a n d t h e n t h e k in dr e d i s t h us d e fi ne d o f t h e p e rs o n k ill e d T h us t h e g r a d e s o f k indr e d a re d e nom inat e d wh i c h a re t o pay Ga la na s or t o r e c e i v e pay m e nt T h e firs t grad e o f t h e n ine i s t h e fa t h e r a nd m o t h e r o f t h e murd e r e r o r o f t h e mur d e r e d Th e s e c o n d i s a g r a n d fa t h e r Th e t h i rd i s a gr e a t ra df n at h e r T h e f o ur t h i s br o t h e rs a n d S i s t e rs Th e fift h g T h e s e v e nt h i s a T h e s i x t h i s a s e c o n d c o us i n is a c o us in Th e e igh t h i s a r e l a t i o n i n t h e f o ur t h r e m o v e t hird c o us in Th e c o ll a t e ra l Th e nint h i s a r e lat i o n i n t h e fift h r e m o v e re l at ion s i n t h e s e gra d e s a re t h e ne p h e ws a nd u ncl e s o f t h e murd e r e r o r o f t h e m urd e r e d A ne p h e w i s a so n o f a bro t h e r o r s i s t e r or o f a c o us i n o r o f a s e c on d c o us i n m a l e o r fe m a l e A n u n cl e i s a br o t h e r o f a fat h e r o r m o t h e r o r o f a g ra nd fat h e r o r gran dm o t h e r or o f a g re a t g r a ndfat h e r o r g r e a t r a ndm o t h e r T h i s i s t h e a m o u n t Of t h e s h a r e Of e a c h o f g t h e s e ; w h oe v e r m ay b e n e a r e r by o n e d e g r e e t o t h e mur d e r e r o r t o t h e murd e r e d t h an a no t h e r i s t o pay o r t o re c e ive t w i c e as muc h as t h e o t h e r ; a n d s o i n r e sp e c t t o a ll 46 t h e grad e s a n d t h e ir c o lla t e ral m e m b e rs Th e h e a d o f t h e s e p t w a s t e rm e d t h e P e nt e nln b ut we h av e l it t l e info rm a t io n a s t o his r e l at ion t o w a rds t h e k ing o r t he P e nc e ne d l e xc e p t t h at i t wa s fr o m t h e class o f Uc he lwyr t h a t t h e s e w e r e e l e c t e d a n d t h us as i n t h e I r i s h sys t e m t h e y t o o h a d e ac h t h e ir T e n ln o r s e p t T h e r e i s b u t o ne allus i o n in t h e W e ls h L a ws t o t h e sys t e m o f fo s t e rage b u t i t i s su ffic i e nt t o s h o w t h a t t h i s cus t o m a ls o pr e va il e d am o n t h e W e ls h t r i b e s We nd i n t h e c o d e g Of G wy n e dd t h a t if a n Uc he li or pl a c e h is s o n t o b e r e are d w it h t h e A i llt o f a l ord by t h e p e r m iss io n o r by t h e su ffe r anc e o f t h e l ord fo r a y e ar a nd a d ay t h at s o n is t o h av e a .
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s o n s S h ar e o f t h e A i llt s l a nd a nd ul t imat e ly o f h is p ro 47 T he a ge o f t h e b o y h o w e v e r is d is t ing u is h e d i nt o pe rt y o nly t wo p e r io ds Fi rs t fro m h i s b a p t i sm t ill h e is s e v e n y e ars o f a ge dur ing w h i c h t im e h is fa t h e r is t o sw e a r a nd pay for h i m e xc e p t t h e pay m e nt o f D i r wy o r Ca ni lwrw for him t o t h e k i ng b e caus e t h e k ing i s n o t t o h a v e a ny D i rwy o r Ca rn lwr w for a n e rr o r no r fo r t h e a c t Of a n i d i o t a nd h e i s no t e n d o w e d w i t h r e as o n ; h e mus t h o w e v e r in d e m ni fy t h e suffe r e r fo r h is pr o p e r t y A t t h e e n d o f s e v e n y e a rs h e h ims e lf i s t o sw e ar fo r h is ac t s a nd his fa t h e r is t o p a y F r o m t h e t i m e w h e n a b o y i s b o rn t i ll h e S h all b e fo ur t e e n y e ars o f ag e h e i s t o b e a t h is fat h e r s plat t e r a nd his fat h e r l o rd o v e r h im a nd h e i s t o r e c e i v e no pu ni s h m e nt b u t t h at o f h i s fa t h e r a n d h e i s n o t t o r e c e i v e o ne p e nn y o f h i s p ro p e r t y during t h at t im e o nly i n c o mm on w it h h is fat h e r A t t h e e n d Of fo urt e e n y e a rs t h e fa t h e r i s t o br ing his s o n t o t h e l o rd a nd c o mm e nd h im t o h i s c h arge ; a nd t h e n t h e y o u t h i s t o b e c o m e h is m a n a nd t o b e o n t he pri vi l e g e o f his l o rd a n d h e i s h ims e lf t o a nsw e r e v e ry clai m t h at may b e mad e o n him a nd i s t o p o ss e ss hi s o wn pr o p e rt y t h e n c e fo rward his fa t h e r is not t o c o rre ct hi m m o r e t h an a s t range r ; a nd if h e s h o uld c o rr e c t him up o n c o mpla i nt m a d e by t h e s o n ag a ins t him h e i s subj e c t t o D i r wy a nd i s t o d o him r igh t fo r t h e S a ra a d F r o m t h a t a ge On w ard h e i s o f t h e 48 sam e pr i vi l e ge w i t h a n i nn at e lBone d d ig T h e pr e c e d ing s h o r t a na lys is o f t h e t r i bal o rg a ni sat io n i n it s l e ad ing f e at ur e s as pr e s e n t e d t o u s in t h e a n c i e nt I ri s h i s a n in d i sp e n s a bl e pr e l im inary t o a ny a nd We ls h laws i n qu iry i nt o t h e an c i e nt lan d t e nur e o f t h e p e o pl e Of S c o t la nd in C e lt i c t im e s Wi t h o u t it we s h o uld h av e b e e n a t a l o ss t o d isc o v e r t h e s o urc e a nd o rigin o f many o f t h e p e c u l iar fe at ur e s it pr e s e nt s i n la t e r t i m e s ’
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rly s o cial s t a t e o f t h e C e l t ic i nh ab it a n t s E ly o f G r e a t Br i t a in we p o ss e ss a n a dv a n t ag e w h i c h d o e s n o t 3 1;f 33 g m ’mn at t a c h t o t h at o f I r e l a n d F or t h e Paga n p e rio d i n t h e l a t t e r c ou nt ry w e h av e no info r m at i o n e xc e p t w h a t i s d e ri v e d fro m b ut i n Bri t ai n we p o ss e ss i n a dd it io n a fe w n at iv e t r a d it io n inci d e nt a l no t i c e s by c o nt e mp o r a ry wri t e rs o f o t h e r c o u nt rie s b ot h as r e ga rds t h e n at iv e p o pulat ion o f t h e Ro m a n pr o vi nc e T h e s e n ot i c e s a nd t h e B arbar ia n n a t io n s b e y o n d it s l i m it s fe w a nd ge ne ral as t h e y a re y e t i nd i cat e t h e pr e s e n c e Of a s ocial org anisat i on v e ry s im il a r t o t h at o f I r e lan d Wh e n we a re t o ld by o ne G re e k writ e r t h at i t s ab o r iginal t rib e s inh ab it Brit a in in t h e i r usage s s t ill pr e s e rv ing t h e primit iv e m o d e s o f l i fe a n d t h at t h e y h av e ma ny k ing s a nd 1 by anot h e r t h at t h e r e a re s e v e ra l s t at e s a m ongs t pri nc e s t he m Fo re s t s a re t h e ir c it ie s ; fo r h av i ng e n cl o s e d a n a m pl e spac e w it h fe ll e d t r e e s h e r e t h e y mak e t h e ms e lv e s h u t s a n d 2 l odge t h e ir cat t l e ; w h e n Cae sar t e lls us o f t h e i nh ab it a nt s o f t h e int e ri o r w h o m h e c a lls i n d i e n o us t h a t h y t t i e d d n o g r e s or t t o t h e cul t iv a t io n Of t h e s oil for fo o d b ut w e r e d e p e nd e nt up o n t h e ir c a t t l e a nd t h e fl e s h o f ani mals S lain in h unt ing for t h e ir f oo d w h e n S o li nu s r e p o rt s o f t h e inhab it ant s o f t h e ve W e s t e r n I sl e s fo rm i ng t h e s o u t h e rn gr oup t h at t h e y k ne w n o t h i ng o f t h e cul t iva t io n o f t h e r o n b i u d u t l v e d up o n fis h a nd m ilk w h i c h lat t e r i mpl i e s g I N inv e s t igat ing t h e
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p o ss e ss i on o f h e rds o f ca t t l e a nd t h at t h e y h ad o ne k ing wh o was no t all o w e d t o p o ss e ss pr o p e r t y ; 4 w h e n T a c it us S p e aks Of t h e n um e r o us s t a t e s b e y o n d t h e Fir t h o f F o r t h a nd d e scr i b e s t h e g r e a t C a l e d o n i a n army w h i c h A g r i c ola e n c o u nt e r e d at t h e M o n s G ra np iu s as a f e d e rat io n o f all t h e s t a t e s o f t h e no r t h e r n p o pulat ion ; a nd w h e n we a re t o ld o f t h e t wo g r e a t d i v i s ion s Of t h e m i n t h e t h i rd c e nt ury — t h e C al e d o nia ns a nd t h e M ecat es t h at t h e y i n h ab it m o u nt ain s w ild a nd wa t e rl e ss a nd plains d e s e rt a nd mars h y ; t h a t t h e y l i v e by pas t urage a nd t h e c h as e a nd 5— i t i t We c a n s e e t h at t h a t t h e ir s t a e s c h e fly d e m o cr a i cal ; t h e y c o n s is t e d o f a n aggr e g at i o n o f t r ib e s o ccupy i ng t h e l a n d i n c o mm on a nd w h o s e c h ie f p o ss e ss io ns c on s is t e d o f ca t t l e W h e n t h e s e wr it e rs add t h at t h e y h ad t h e ir w iv e s i n c o mm on t h e y i nd icat e a t l e as t t h at l o o s e r r e l a t i on b e t w e e n t h e s e x e s w h i c h usually pr e vail e d b e fo r e t h e i nt r o duc t io n o f C h ri s t ia nit y h ad i nv e s t e d a s t ri c t e r rul e o f marriage w it h i t s s a n c t ion a nd w h i c h l e d t o a c on ne c t io n t h ro ugh fe mal e s as b e ing r e gard e d w it h m o r e fav o ur t h a n t h at t h r o u gh mal e s W h e n we c o m e d o w n h o w e v e r t o C h ri s t ia n t im e s we nd t h e e x i s t e nc e o f t h e Tu a t h b o t h as t h e t ri b e a n d a s t h e t ri b e t e rr it o ry fully r e c og ni s e d as c h arac t e r i s ing t h e s o ci al T he an cie nt o rg a n i sat i o n o f t h e p o pulat io n of G a e l i c rac e t r a c t t e rm e d t h e A mr a Cholni r n Chi lli Of D all a n Forgaill pr e s e rv e d i n t h e L i a bha r na h Ui d r e c ont ains r e p e at e d r e f e r e n c e s t o t h e Tu a t hs b ot h i n t he s e ns e o f t r ib e s a nd o f t h e i r t e rrit o rie s a nd as r e gar d s t h e P i c t is h nat io n as w e ll as t h e D al ria d ie c ol ony T h us we are t o ld t h at S aint C o lumba illum ina t e d c o unt r ie s a n d t e rrit o r ie s (Ti r a gus Tu a t ha ) a n d t h a t fr o m h im t h e Tu a t hs us e d t o b e d is c ipl ine d T h r o u g h a n i d ola t rous A g a in w h e n it i s sai d w h ic h i s e xplaine d t o Tu a t h h e m e di t a t e d crim in a l it y m e a n w h e n going t h r o u gh t he Tu a th o r t e rrit o rie s o f t he ,
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w o uld k no w t h e ir cri m in al it y t o wards G o d i t c a n o nly r e f e r t o t h e p a g a n n a t i o n o f t h e P i c t s ; a nd w h e n we h e s o u gh t s e v e n T u a t hs viz t h e ve T u a t h s a re t o ld t h a t t h e l a t t e r mus t b e i d e n o f Eri n a nd t wo T u a ths i n A lba n t i e d w i t h t h e t e rrit o ry g i v e n him by t h e P i c t s w h o ac c ord ing t o Be d e in h ab i t e d t h e d is t ri c t s a dj ac e n t t o I ona I n an o t h e r pass a g e w h e n S t C o lumba i s r e fe rr e d t o as t h e s on o f F e d e li mid fo r w h o m us e d t o fi g h t o r w h o m us e d t o s e rv e t h e t w e nt y Tu a ths t h e w o rd is pr o b a bly us e d i n t h e s e ns e o f t rib e s a nd i t is s t ill m o r e plai nly us e d i n t h i s s e ns e as e x is t ing am o ng t h e s o u t h e rn Pi c t s w h e n h e i s d e scri b e d as t h e t e ac h e r wh o us e d t o t e a c h t he t r ib e s wh o w e r e a r o u n d Ta i t h a t i s t h e n am e o f a r i v e r in A lban w h i c h c a n o bv io usly b e i d e nt i fi e d w i t h t h e r i v e r T a y I n a no t h e r p a ssag e t h e y a re r e fe rr e d t o a s t h e p e o pl e Of t h e T a y a h oi ) a nd t h e t T ( Tu a ths o r t ri b e s a re i nd i ca t e d as e x is t i ng b o t h am o ng t h e D a lria d s a nd t h e P i ct s w h e n h e i s c a ll e d t h e c h a m p io n wh o b ou nd n e w t h ing s for t h e a ll ia n c e o f C o na ll t h a t is t h e ch a mp ion o f t h e n e w t h ings is n o t h e r e for a ll ia nc e t h a t i s fo r c onfirmi ng t h e a ll i a n c e o f C o na ll t h a t i s b e t w e e n t h e Tu a t hs o f C o na ll w i t h in o r a t m ak ing t h e ir all ian c e w it h 6 o t h e r Tu a ths e x t e r n a lly C o n a ll was t h e k i ng o f D al ria d a at t h e t i m e w h e n S t C o lu m ba ca m e o v e r fr o m I r e la n d t o S c o t l and a nd t h e o t h e r Tu a ths o r t r ib e s w h i c h w e r e e x t e r n al t o hi s k ing d o m c a n o nly r e fe r t o t h e n e igh b o uri ng t ri b e s o f t h e Pi c t s Th e u n d o ub t e d a n t i qu it y o f t h is t r a ct giv e s gr e at valu e t o t h e s e in c id e nt a l r e fe r e nc e s t o t h e e x is t e n c e o f t he Tu a t h or t ri b e n o t o nly am o ng t h e S c o t s o f D a l ria d a w h e r e we migh t e xp e c t t o m e e t t h e m b ut a ls o a m ong t h e t wo g re a t rac e s o f t h e n or t h e r n a nd s o u t h e rn Pi c t s a nd t h i s i s c o nfirm e d by o t h e r au t h or it i e s o f a lat e r d a t e T h us i n t h e t r a c t c a ll e d The G e ne a l ogy o f C o rca La i d h e r e fe rr e d t o i n a pr e vio us ’
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r e ad t h a t I ria l G l um na r s o n o f Co nall C e arna c h ha d t wo s o ns viz F o re a nd I b o t h Re c h t gid h Righ d e a rg l e d t h e m i nt o A lb a n T h e y g a ine d g r e a t ba t t l e s s o t h a t g r e at d is t r ic t s w e re l a i d w a s t e i n A lb a n u nt il t h e m e n o f A lban s ubm it t e d t o Re c h t g id h Righ d e a rg so t h at h e was k ing o f Eri n a nd A lb a n ; a n d i t was fr o m t h e m spra ng t he t wo 7 Tu a t hs o r t r i b e s T u a t h Fo r e a nd Tu a t h I bot h i n A lba n Re c ht gid h Righ d e a rg was o ne o f t h e my t h i c pagan k ing s of I r e l a nd a nd I ria l G l umna r a t rad it io na ry h e r o o f t h e Gr a i t h n ig h o r P i c t s o f U ls t e r ; b u t i t i s a f a i r i nfe r e n c e fro m i t t h a t t wo Tu a t hs o r t r i b e s b e a r ing t h e n am e s o f F o re a nd I b o t h w e r e k n o w n i n S c ot land a nd t h e na m e Fo r e wh ic h is t h e ol d fo rm o f t h a t o f t h e r i v e r Fo r t h i nd icat e s t h e ir s it u a t io n o n t h e n o r t h e r n S h o r e Of t h a t r i v e r o r e s t u a ry t h a t i s a m o ng t h e T h a t a s o cia l o rg a nisat ion s im ilar t o t h e s o u t h e r n Pi c t s I ris h t ri b a l sys t e m pr e va il e d am o ng t h e s o u t h e r n P i c t s t o w h o m S t C o lumba s m iss io n wa s m ai nly d ire c t e d i s c on fir m e d by t h e G a e l ic e nt rie s i n t h e Boo k Of D e e r w h i c h Op e n w it h t h e s t at e m e nt t h a t C o lumb a a nd D ros t a n so n of C o sgra c h his pup il cam e fr o m Hi a s G o d h ad s h o w n t h e m u nt o A bbor d oboi r o r A b e rd o ur a n d Be d e t h e Cr nt hn ec h o r P i c t wh o was M orma er o f Buc h an gav e t h e m t h at t o w n in fr e e d o m for e v e r fro m M orma er a nd Toi se c h t h us e x a ct ly c o rr e sp o n d i ng t o t h e g ra n t o f la n d t o t h e c h urc h o f K e lls qu o t e d in a fo rm e r c h ap t e r as fr e e fr o m r e nt t ribu t e h o s t i ng c o igny o r a ny o t h e r clai m o f k ing or To is ec h W h e re t h e r e a re Toisec hs t h e r e a re Tu a t hs a nd t h e d is t ri c t o f B uc h a n pr o b a bly fo rm e d a M or t u a t h l ik e t h e o t h e r d i s t ric t s rul e d o v e r by a M or ma er t h e e qu i val e nt i n S c o t lan d o f t h e Ri M ort u a t h o f t h e I ri s h sys t e m The S c o t t is h k ing d o m o f D al ria d a was a t t h is t im e c on fi ne d w it h i n v e ry n arr o w l im it s a nd c o uld h a rdly c l aim a h igh e r p o s it ion t h an t h at Of a Mort u a th a s we nd t h at it c h ap t e r
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k i ng s s o n — t h a t i s t h e Ta nis t o f t h e I r is h L a ws o r o f a n E arl o f S c o t la nd wh o i s t h us pl ac e d i n t he sam e ra nk —is s e v e n sc o r e k y a n d t e n k y H is K e lc hy n is t h r e e sc o r e k y a nd s ix k y a nd t wo par t s o f a a nd fo r Blud e dr a w n ni ne k y c ow T h e Cro o f t h e so n o f a n Earl or o f a T h a n e wh o i s plac e d His K e lc hy n f o r t y i n t h e s a m e ra nk i s o ne h u n dre d k y fo ur k y a nd t w e nt y o ne p e nc e a n d t wo t h irds o f a p e nny ; a n d for B lud e dr a w n s ix k y T h e Cr o o f t h e s o n o f a T h a ne i s t h r e e sc o r e k y a nd S ix k y a n d t wo par t s o f a c o w His Ke lc hyn i s l e ss by a t h ird t h a n his fat h e r S a n d i s t w e nt y ni ne k y a n d e l e ve np e nc e a nd t h e t h ird par t o f a h a lfp e nny a n d fo r Blud e draw n t h r e e k y Th e Cro o f t h e n e vo w o r gr a n ds o n o f a T h an e o r o f a ne Og e t he a rn i s f o r t y fo ur k y a n d t w e nt y — o ne p e n c e a n d t wo par t s o f a p e nny His Ke lc hy n i s no t g iv e n b ut for Blud e d raw n i t is t wo k y a n d t wo par t s o f a c o w We a re t h e n t old t h at all t h e s e who are l o w e r in t h e hyn par la e n t a re c all i t Ca r li s r u st i c i vil a y n) a nd t h at t h e Cr o e ( ) ( o f a Ca r l i s s ix t e e n k y t h a t h e h as no K e lc hy n a nd t h a t of
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r e c e i v e d s t o ck fro m a sup e rior T h e fi n e s o ccupy a n A i re T h e y w e r e a ls o c a ll e d Og la oc hs i nt e rm e d ia t e pl a c e b e t w e e n t h o s e o f t h e I ri s h a n d o f t h e We ls h L a ws b ut m o s t r e s e m bl e t h e l a t t e r ; a n d t h e d ist inc t io n b e t w e e n t h e fre e an d b o n d cl a ss e s a n d t h e r ig h t s o f t h e leyn a re cl e arly i n d ic a t e d fr o m t h e fo ll o w i ng add it i o n it m a d e t o t h e a cc o u nt o f t h e K e lc hy n n e I f t h e w i fe Of a fr e e ma n (l ib e ri h o m inis ) b e S l a in h e r h usban d S h all h av e t h e Ke lc hyn a nd h e r k y n s h a ll h a v e t h e Cro a n d t h e Ga lnes I f t h e w i fe o f a Ca r l (ru st i c i vil e y n) b e slain t h e l o rd i n w h os e lands h e dw e lls S h a ll h a v e t h e Ke lc hy n a n d h e r kyn s h all h a v e t h e Cro a nd t h e Ga lnes A fra g m e nt h as als o b e e n pr e s e rv e d givi ng t h e merc he t o r ma i d e n fe e p a i d t o t h e sup e r i o r o n t h e marr ia e o f t h e g d a u gh t e r Of a d e p e nd a nt I t i s t h e A mo br o r Gobr ni e rc h o f t he We ls h L aws A cc o rd ing t o t h e a ss iz e o f t h e lan d o f S c o t l a n d t h e m erc he t o f e v e ry w o m a n w h e t h e r sh e b e a s e rf o r m e rc a nt i l e wa s o ne c a lf o r t h r e e s h ill i n s I f s h e was g t he d a u gh t e r o f a fr e e man wh o wa s n o t l o rd o f a t o w n s h i p h e r me r c he t was o ne c o w o r S i x s h ill ing s I f t h e d a u gh t e r o f t he s o n o f a t h a n e o r o f a oc he t hi er n t wo c o ws o r t w e lv e 19 s h ill in s . I f t h e dau h t e r o f a n e a rl t w e lv e c o ws g g The fi n e s w h i c h w e r e pai d fo r a b st ai ning fr o m a t t e n d ing t h e k ing s h o s t ing are pre s e rv e d i n t h e S t a t u t e s o f A l e x a n d e r t h e S e c o nd w h e r e t h e f oll o w i ng r e c o r d wa s m a d e a t S t J Ohnst o un or P e r t h b e fo re t h e k ing b e a ll t h e d e mp s t e ris (jud ic e s) o f S c o t lan d i n t h e s e v e nt h y e a r o f t h e k ing s r e ig n or A D af t e r t h e k i ng h a d b e e n in h o s t ing a t I nv e rn e ss T a h i ll T h u t h se n o f n A i e f g a ll P t i A nt i qu it i e s of wa s a n A i e p 1 9 9 ; Chron of P ic t s a nd S c ot s d —B ho n L ws vo l i p 7 7 p 3 19 B e hon L a ws v o l i p 4 9 ; A c ts f P l v o l i p 6 4 0 a t ha ,
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t s D o nald N e il s o n T h e y t h us d e clar e t h at o f t h os e g t h a t r e ma ine d away fr o m t he h o s t t h e k ing s h all h av e t h e for fe it ure o f t h e e rlis i f t h e ir t h a ne s (t h at i s t h e e arls t h a ne s ) re maine d fr o m t h e h os t ; b ut ho w muc h t h at forfal t ure s h o ul d b e was not d e t e rm in e d Of all o t h e rs w h i c h r e m a ine d a t h o m e — t h a t i s t o s a y o f t h e l a n ds o f b i s c h o p is a bb o t is b a ro nis k ny c h t is a nd t h ay nis w h ic h h o ld o f t h e k ing t he k ing al one o u gh t t o h av e t h e forfa l t ure ; t h a t is t o s ay o f a t h ane vi c o ws an d a c a lf ; o f a n oc htyern xv s h e e p o r vi S h i ll i ngs ; b u t t h e k ing t h a ro f s h all h av e b u t t h e o ne h alf a nd t h e t h a ne o r t h e k ny c h t t h e o t h e r h a lf Of a Ca r l a c o w a nd a s h e e p ; a n d t h e y als o a re t o b e d i v i d e d b e t we e n Bu t w h e n by t h e t h e k ing a nd t h e t h a ne o r t h e k ny c h t l e av e o f t h e t h an e o r t h e k nic h t t h e y r e ma ine d b e h in d t h e k i ng h e s h all h av e all t h e f orfa l t F o r no e arl nor se rga nd o f t h e e rl i s i n t h e la nd Of a n y m a n h o ld i ng o f t h e k ing o u g h t t o c o m e t o ra i s e t h a t d e faul t b ut t h e Erl o f Fyffe a nd h e s h all n o t c o m e as e arl b ut as t h e M a i r o f t h e k ing o f h is r igh t s t o b e rai s e d w it h in t h e e arld o m Of Fy ffe Of t h e Ca i r li s h o w e v e r wh e r e t h e k ing a nd t h e e a rl d ivi d e b e t w i x t t h e m t h e k ing a nd t h e e a rl s h all h av e t h e o ne h alf a nd t h e t h a n e t h e o t h e r h a lf ; b u t w h e r e t h e t h a ne fa lls i n forfal t it S h all b e d ivi d e d b e t w e e n t h e k ing a nd t h e e arl as 20 in t h e laws o f K ing Will iam i s d e clar e d T h e an al o gy b e t w e e n t h i s a rrang e m e nt a nd t h e sys t e m o f fi ne s for w i t h draw i ng fr o m h o s t ing c o nt a ine d i n t h e I ris h L aws w ill b e app a r e n t a t o n c e a nd t h e d iffe r e nt of h o e rad s h e r i v e n a r t h sam as t h o s i n t c d e e e e e e e g g D av i d I t h o u g h adap t e d t o a p e r i o d wh e n t h e t h a ne a p p e ars as t h e vassal o f t h e k ing or o f t h e e arl a nd t he oc hty ern as t h e vass a l o f t h e t h a n e Th e d iffe r e nt ra nks Of t h e b o n d m e n o r u nfre e class h av e als o b e e n pr e s e rv e d i n t h e c o d e o f laws t e rm e d Qu oni a m a tt a c hi a me n t a T h e y a re t h e re t e rm e d na t iv e m e n (na ti vi) a
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s e v e r a l k in ds o f n a t i vit y o r F o r s o m e a re n a t iv e me n Bo nd ag e (na t i o i t a t i s si r e bond a g ii ) w h ic h is c o m o f t h e i r g ra n dfa t h e r a n d g r e a t g ra n dfa t h e r mo nly call e d d e e uo e t t re o o w h o m t h e i r l o rd m ay cl a i m t o b e n a t urally h is n a t iv e m e n by n arrat ing t h e i r pr o ge nit o rs if t h e i r n am e s are k n o w n as h is g r e a t gran dfa t h e r h is g ra n d fat h e r a nd h is fa t h e r wh o a re c h a ll e ng e d d e cl a ri ng t h e m t o h av e b e e n h is nat iv e m e n i n suc h a t o w n s h ip a n d i n suc h a sp o t i n t h at t o wn s h i p a nd t o h av e mad e a nd r e n d e r e d t o h im a nd hi s pr e d e c e ss o rs s e rv il e s e rv i c e i n a s e rv il e lan d fo r ma ny y e ars a n d t h is n a t iv i t y o r b o n d a g e m a y b e pro v e d by t h e k in o f him wh o i s c h all e ng e d o r by a g o o d ass iz e A n o t h e r k in d o f b on d a g e i s s im i l a r t o t h i s w h e n a ny s t ra nge r r e c e i v e s s e rvi l e l a n d fro m a ny l o rd d oing s e rvil e s e rv ic e fo r t h at lan d ; a n d i f h e d ie s i n t h a t la nd a n d h i s s o n l ik e w i s e d ie s i n t h at l a nd a nd a f t e rw a rds his s o n l iv e s i n t h e sam e la n d a n d d i e s t h e r e t h e n his w h o l e p o s t e ri t y t o t he fourt h d e gr e e S h a ll b e Of s e rvil e c ond it io n t o h is l o rd a nd h is wh o l e p o s t e rit y m a y b e pr o v e d i n a s im ilar manne r Th e t h ird k in d o f n a t i vi t y o r b o nd a g e i s w h e n a fr e e ma n in o rd e r t o h a v e a l o rd or t h e m a int e n a n c e (ma nu t e n e nc i a ) o f i m m n i e t o t h at l o rd t o b e h is n a t iv e r a v s h s lf up an t a e e y g g o r b on d m an (n a t i o u m se u bond a m) i n h i s c o ur t by t h e h a ir o f his f or e h e ad ; a nd i f h e t h e re a f t e r w i t h dr a ws h i ms e lf fro m his l o rd o r d e nie s h is n a t i o i t i e t o h im hi s l o rd may pr o v e him t o b e his n at iv e ma n b e for e t h e jus t i c iary by a n ass iz e c h all e nging h im t h at h e in suc h a d a y i n suc h a y e ar cam e t o hi m i n h i s c o ur t a nd g a v e h ims e lf u p t o b e h is m a n ; a nd i f a n o ne i s adj ud e d t o b e t h e n at iv e o r b o n dma n t o y g an y l o rd t h at l o rd c a n s e i z e him by t h e n o s e a n d r e duc e him t o his fo rm e r s e rv it ud e t a k ing fr o m hi m a l l h is g oo ds 21 t o t h e valu e o f fo ur p e n c e T h e s e d e fi nit io ns o f t h e d iffe r e nt k in ds o f n a t i oi or b ond me n ma y no d o ub t apply t o a lat e r p e rio d t h an we are now a nd
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r e fe rring t o a nd b e mor e o r l e ss c o nne c t e d w i t h fe udal forms b u t we may no t w it h s t a nd ing in fe r t h a t t h e y p re s e rv e t h e c h arac t e ris t ics o f t h e s e rv il e cl a ss in C e l t i c t im e s ; for al t h o u g h t h e upp e r class e s m a y i n t h e L o wl a n d d is t ri c t s h av e b e e n sup e rs e d e d by S ax o n o r N o rm a n pro prie t o rs h o ld ing t h e i r l a nds i n fe udal t e nur e t h e s e rv i l e o c c u p i e rs Of t h e s o il o f C e l t i c rac e who w e r e at t a ch e d t o t he lan d wo uld r e m a in a nd b e c o m e t h e v illains o f t h e fe udal l o rd ; a n d so we nd t h at w h e r e v e r t h e y app e ar in t h e C h a r t ular ie s t h e y p o ss e ss C e l t i c n a m e s We s e e fr o m t h e a b o v e d e scrip t io n t h at t h e ir c onne c t ion w it h t h e ir l o rd was o f t wo k inds — rst by o ccupy ing u nd e r him s e rv i l e la n d a nd s e c ond by plac ing t h e ms e lv e s u n d e r h im as p e rs on a l b o n dm e n ; a nd o f t h e fo rm e r cl a ss t h e y w e re e it h e r n at iv e s by d e sc e nt o r s t ra ng e rs wh o h a d t ak e n lan d fro m him a n d t h e lat t e r b e cam e n at i ve s e rfs af t e r f o ur ra H i o ns e r e w e r e c o gni s e a t o n c e t h e S e nc le i the o r n t e e g o ld ad h e r e nt s o f t h e I r is h l a w a n d t h e B on d F u i d hi r wh o b e cam e S e nc le i the aft e r fo ur ge ne rat i ons The l a t t e r class o f p e rs on al s e rfs a re t h e Mog ha Of t h e I ris h a nd t h e Ga e th o f T h e C e l t i c n am e s by w h ic h t h e s e t wo t h e W e ls h L aws class e s w e r e k no w n i n fe udal t im e s h av e als o b e e n pr e s e rv e d T h us i n t h e C h a r t ulary o f S c o ne K ing William t o us t h e Lio n g ra nt s a man da t e d ir e c t i ng t h at if t h e abb ot n d i n t h e la n ds o r in o f S c o ne or his s e rg a n d s S h all t h e p o w e r o f o t h e rs a ny o f t he Cu mla we s a n d Cu mher bes 22 p e r t aining t o his lan ds h e may r e claim t h e m ; a nd i n t h e C h ar t ulary o f D u nfe rml in e t h e fo u nda t io n c h ar t e r b y K ing D a v i d t h e Fi rs t grant s t h a t a ll his s e rfs a n d a ll h is Cu mer la c he fr o m t h e t im e o f K ing Edg ar s h a ll b e r e s t o r e d t o t he C h urc h w h e r e v e r t h e y m a y b e fo u n d a nd t he scr i b e int e r re t s t h e w o rd Ca rn er la c h e by f ug i t i o i o n t h e m arg in ; a nd p i n a m a nda t e by t h e sam e k ing t o t h e sam e e ffe c t t he t it l e 23 I n t he i s Of t h e f ug i t i oi w h i c h are c a ll e d Cnmerla c he Ch t D unf p p 6 1 7 T he L i be r d e S c o n p 24 ,
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las t syll a bl e o f t h e n am e Cuni he r be s or C uma rher be we c an r e c og nis e t h e I ri sh wo rd Or ba appl ie d t o t h at part o f t h e t rib e t e rri t o ry w h i c h h a d b e c o m e t h e pr iv a t e pr o p e r t y o f t h e c h i e fs ; a n d t h i s n a m e wa s n o d o ub t appl i e d t o t h a t class o f s e rfs w h o s e b o nd ag e wa s d e riv e d fr om t h e ir p o ss e ss i ng s e rvil e l a n d T h e y w e r e t h e a sc r ip t i g le ba e o f fe ud a l T h e t e rm Cu mla we o r Cu ma r la we i s S im ply a t ran s t im e s lat ion o f t h e L at in t e r m ma nu t ene nc i a w h i c h c h a rac t e ris e d t he t h ird k in d o f b o nd ag e a b o v e d e scr ib e d a nd w h o s e t ie t o t h e i r m as t e r b e ing a p e rs o n al o n e l e d t o t h e ir fr e qu e nt ly 24 e scap ing fro m h a rd usa e a n d b e in g g r e cla im e d as fugit iv e s Th us am o ng t h e laws o f K ing Will ia m t h e Li o n we nd o ne d e clar i ng t h a t a ny o n e wh o d e t a i n s a n a t i v e fu git i v e ma n (na ti vi f ug i ti ni ) a ft e r h e h as b e e n d e m a n d e d by his t ru e l o rd o r h is b a i l ie s h a ll r e s t o r e t h e sai d n a t iv e m a n wit h a ll h is c h a t t e ls a nd s h all r e n d e r t o his l o rd t h e 25 d oubl e o f t h e l o ss h e h as sus t aine d A s in I r e la n d a nd Wa l e s so als o i n S c o t la n d t h e a nc i e nt M u f ’ nd m e asur e s o f l a n d w e r e cl o s e ly c o nn e c t e d w i t h t h e t r ibal sys t e m b ut h e r e t o o we nd t h e m m o r e g r e a t ly a ffe c t e d by e x t e rn al i n flu e n c e s t h a n i n t h e t wo f o rm e r c o u nt r i e s Wh e n we e x a m i ne t h e m o s t a n c ie nt l a n d m e a sur e s o f t h a t p a r t o f S co t l a nd ly ing n o r t h o f t h e Firt h s o f F o r t h a nd C lyd e we d o no t nd t h e s a m e l o c a l v a ri e t ie s w hic h c a n b e t ra c e d i n t h e d i ffe r e nt pr o v i n c e s o f I r e la n d a nd W a l e s b u t i ns t e a d a gre at a nd l e ad ing d i ffe r e n c e b e t w e e n t h o s e o f t h e e a s t e rn an d t he w e s t e r n d i s t r i c t s I n t h e e a s t e r n d is t r i c t s t h e r e i s a u nifo rm sys t e m o f la n d d e no m ina t ion s c o ns is t ing o f D a va c h s Pl o u gh ga t e s a nd Ox ga ng s t h e dav a c h c o n s i s t i ng ,
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du e s— viz Ca i n Cone vc th Fe a c ht S lud g e d a nd I c h —a nd o f all s e cular s e rvi c e s ; 36 a nd s im ilarly Rog e r b is h o p e l e c t o f S t A ndr e ws g ra nt e d b e t w e e n 1 1 8 8 a nd 1 1 9 8 w h e n h e was c o ns e cra t e d t h e lands o f D uf C up e r t o t he c h urc h a nd canons o f S t A ndr e ws fr e e o f Ca n e t Cun eoe th e t e xe rc it u 7 3 e t aux il io e t ab o m ni s e rvi c i o e t e x a c t io ne s e c ul ari We nd during t h is p e rio d t h at t h e s e du e s a nd s e rvi c e s w e r e d e r iv e d by t he k ing fr o m t h e C ro w n lands a nd by t h e sup e r io rs fr o m lands not h e ld fe udally T h us K ing D av i d gra nt s t o t h e m o n ks o f D u n fe rml ine t h e t it h e o f h i s w h ol e Ca n fr o m Fit a nd Fo t hrif l ik e w is e t h e t it h e o f his Ca n Of C l a c m a nna n a nd t h e h alf o f h is t it h e o f Erga it h e l (A rgyll ) a nd K e n t i r i n t h at y e ar t o wit i n w h i c h h e r e c e i v e s Ca n fr o m it a n d t h e s e gr a nt s are r e p e at e d by h i s succ e ss o r M al 38 c o lm W Ki ng D avi d l ik e w i s e gra nt s t o t h e c h urc h o f U rc h a rd (U rqu h a r t ) t h e t it h e o f t h e Ca n d e Erg a i t he l d e M u ref t h at i s t h at part o f t h e gr e at pr o vinc e o f Erga di a o r Erga it h e l w h i c h b e l o ng e d t o M o ray e x t e nd ing fro m t h e 39 L e v e n t o t h e b o rd e r o f N o rt h A rgyll K ing Willi am c on firms t o t h e b i s h o p o f M o ray t h e Ca na c i Conc oc ta w hi c h h is pr e d e c e ss o rs h ad r e c e i v e d fro m t h o s e wh o h e ld l a nd o f t h e b i s h o ps dur i ng t h e t im e o f K ing D av i d a nd Ki ng M a l 40 a n d i n a n a g r e e m e nt i n 1 2 2 5 b e t w e e n t h e b is h o p c o lm ; a nd Wal t e r C u my n o f B ad e n o c h t h e b is h o p fr e e s h i m fr o m a ny cla i m h e h a d fo r t h e t it h e o f t h e Ca n o f h is l o rd t h e l h n o f B d n h ki ng fro m t e la ds a e oc I n A b e rd e e n s h ir e we nd t h e Earl o f M a r gra nt ing t o t h e b is h o p o f S t A n dre ws t h e t it h e o f t h e re dd it us or Ca n 42 a nd T h o mas t h e Ho s t iary g iv e s t o t he o f hi s w h o l e la nds ; can ons o f M o nimusk t e n b olls o f m e al a nd t e n s t one s of .
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c h e e s e fr o m his la nds o f Out h e rh e ic h t w h i c h is aft e r wards ‘3 call e d t h e Ca n o f Ho uc t ire y c h t I n M e a rn s or K in card ine Ea rl D a vi d o f Hu nt ing d o n n t h n h ra t s t o e c h urc h a n d ca o n s o f S t A n dr ws e t e w hole g Ka n a nd K une r e t h w h i c h t h e y w e r e d u e him fro m t h e lan ds o f Ec c l e sgirg a nd t h e s e rvi c e s w h i c h his m e n o f Eccl e s 44 k i rc h w e r e b o u n d t o r e n d e r him T h e n i n t h e b e ginning o f t h e t h ir t e e nt h c e nt ury t he r e c o rd o f a d i spu t e b e t w e e n t h e b is h o p o f S t A ndr e ws a nd t h e abb o t o f A rbr o at h i s p re s e rv e d t o us i n t h e Ch ar t ul a ry o f t h at c h urc h r e ga rd ing t he lands o f Fyvy Tarve s I nne rb o nd y M u nc l e re G a me ry I n ,
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fro m t h e Ca ne a nd Conc i e ih w h i c h t h e cl e rics o f D u nk e ld w e r e w o nt a n c ie nt ly t o r e c e iv e fr o m t h e s e la nds T h e s e not ic e s w ill b e suffi c ie nt t o s h o w t h at t h e s e C e l t ic burd e n s o n la nd pr e va il e d o v e r t h e w h o l e o f t he c o u nt ry no r t h o f t h e Fir t h s o n t h e cr o w n la nds a nd t h o s e o f t h e c h urc h a nd o n all la nds w h i c h h ad n ot b e c om e t h e subj e ct o f f e ud a l gr a n t s Pass ing t h e n t o t h e c o u nt ry s o u t h o f t h e Firt h s we nd t h e m e qually pr e val e n t e xc e p t i n t h e g r e a t A ngl i c pr o vi n c e T h us K ing D av i d gra nt s t o t h e c h urc h o f G l a s o f L ot h i a n w h o l e t it h e o f h is Cha n i n t h e b e as t s a nd p i s o f w h t e o g g S t ra t he grive a n d C uningh am e Kyl e a n d C arri ck i n e ac h y e ar u nl e ss t he k ing h i ms e lf s h all g o t o dw e ll t h e re a nd 46 c o nsum e his o wn Cha n T h e s e di s t ri c t s fo rm e d t h e g re at e r par t o f t h e a nc ie nt Bri t i s h k ing d o m o f S t rat h clyd e a nd t h is was a n appr opri at e grant t o t h e c h urc h o f G lasgo w w h ic h h ad b e e n it s m e t r o p ol it an c h urc h T h e n we nd t h e l o rds o f G all o way g r a nt ing l a n ds i n t h a t d is t r i c t t o t h e ca n o n s o f H o lyr o o d fr e e fr o m a ll Ca n a nd Cuneoe ht a nd fro m e v e ry 47 a nd fi nall y a t a e xac t io n cus t o m a nd s e cul a r s e rvi c e ; c o ur t h e ld by t h e j udg e s o f G all o way a t La ne rc h in t h e r e ign o f Ki ng W illi a m t h e Li on i n pr e s e nc e o f t h e L o rd o f G all o wa y i t wa s adj u d ge d t h a t w h e n t h e k ing o ug h t t o r e c e iv e his Ca n fr o m G all o way h e s h ould i ssu e h is br e v e t o t h e M a i rs o f G all o way a nd t h e M a i rs s h o uld g o w i t h t h e r o yal br e v e If t o t h e d e b t o r o f t h e Ca n a nd e xac t t h e Ca n fr o m him h e f a il t o pay t h e M a i r was t o t ak e t h e ro d o r s t a ff c a ll e d t h e k ing s s t aff a n d t ak e a d is t r e ss for t he k i ng s Ca n a n d if t h e d e b t o r r e m o v e d t h e subj e c t o f t h e d is t r e ss h e wa s t o pay fo r e ac h t e n c o ws fift e e n c o ws b e s i d e s a h u n dr e d c o ws d e mi se ric ord i a ; b ut i f h e d e l iv e r e d par t o f t h e Ca n t ill aft e r t h e N at iv it y h e was t o pa y for e ac h c o w fo ur s h ill ing s o f c ow t a x a nd fo r e ac h p ig s i x t e e n p e n c e a nd b e fo r e t h e N a t iv it y 7 6 o w p 12 Cha r t ula y of H o ly oo d p 6 1 C ha r t ula ry of Gla s g '
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d e riv e d acc ord ing t o O D o nova n from Coi nmhe w h i c h s ignifi e s fe as t or r e f e c t io n I t was t h e D oora e t h o f t h e W e ls h laws a nd was fo u nd e d up o n t h e o rigi nal righ t w h i c h t he l e ad e rs in t h e t rib e h ad t o b e supp o r t e d by t h e ir foll o w e rs I t cam e t o s ignify a nigh t s m e al or r e f e c t io n giv e n by t he o ccup ie rs o f t h e land t o t h e ir sup e ri o r w h e n pass ing t h r o ugh h is t e rr it o ry w hic h was e x igibl e fo ur t i m e s i n t h e y e ar a nd w h e n t h e t ri b e t e rri t o ry cam e t o b e r e c o gni s e d as cr o w n lan d i t b e cam e a fix e d fo o d c o nt ribu t i on c h arge d up on e ac h pl o u ghga t e o f lan d T h us i n t h e c h ar t e r by K ing M alc o lm t h e Fo ur t h c onfirm ing t h e fo u nda t ion o f t he abb e y o f S c o ne h e g rant s t o t h e cano ns fro m e ac h pl oughg at e o f t h e w h ol e la nd o f t h e c h u rc h o f S c one in e ac h y e ar a t t h e F e as t o f Al l S aint s for t h e i r Cones e th o ne c o w a nd t wo p ig s a n d f our Ca mni o f m e al a nd t e n t h r e av e s o f o at s a nd t e n h e n s a nd t wo h u n dr e d e gg s a nd t e n bu ndl e s o f ca n dl e s a nd f o ur p o u n ds o f s o ap a nd t w e nt y h alf m e s l e s o f c h e e s e 51 I n t h e r e ig n o f A l e xan d e r t h e T h i rd t h i s w o rd s e e ms t o h av e assum e d t h e fo rm o f Wa yti ng a a nd app e ars i n t he C h amb e rla in Ro lls o f h is r e ign as a burd e n up o n t h e T h anage s Th us t h e C h amb e rlain r e n d e rs a n a cc o u nt o f t he was
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am e for t h is e xac t io n wa s Cu i d oi dhc he or a nigh t s p o r t io n c o rrup t e d i nt o Cu d d i c h e o r Cud d i c he It a pp e ars u n d e r t h i s nam e mainly in t h e H i h la n ds a n d I sla n ds g a nd was c o nt inu e d as a burd e n o n t h e la n ds t o a lat e p e r i o d I n t h e r e nt als o f S o u t h a n d N o rt h K i nt yre for 1 5 0 5 we nd b e s id e s fir ma or r e nt e ac h t o w ns h i p c h arge d w i t h a c e rt a in am ou nt o f m e al c h e e s e o a t s a nd a Ine rt o r c ow p ro le Cu d d ec ht A d e scri p t ion o f t h e W e s t e rn I sl e s wr it t e n b e t w e e n 1 5 7 7 a nd 1 5 9 5 h as pr e s e rv e d a r e c o rd o f t h e s e p a ym e nt s L e w is a fo r t y p o u n d lan d pays y e arly 1 8 sc o re ch ald e rs o f vi c t uall 5 8 sc o r e o f k y 3 2 sc o r e o f we d d e ris a nd a g r e a t quan t it y o f sh e p o ul t ry a nd w h i t e plaid i ng by t h e i r Cu id i c hi es t h at i s fe as t ing t h e i r mas t e r w h e n h e pl e as e s t o c o m e in t h e c o u nt ry e a c h o ne t h e i r nigh t or t wo nigh t s ab o u t acc o rd ing I n U is t e ac h m e rk l a n d p a id 2 0 b o lls t o t h e i r la n d o r lab o ur vic t ual b e s id e s o t h e r cus t o ms w h i c h are p a i d a t t he la ndl o rd s c o ming t o t h e I sl e t o h is Cud i c ht ; a nd i n M ull e ac h m e rk land p a i d y e arly 5 b o lls b e ar 8 b o lls m e a l 2 0 s t one s o f c h e e s e 4 s t on e s o f bu t t e r 4 mar t s 8 w e dd e rs 2 m e rks o f S i lv e r a nd 2 d o z e n Of p o ult rie by Cu dd i c he w h e ne v e r t h e ir m as t e r c o m e s Un d e r t h e n am e of Conyow o r Coigny it app e ars in t o t he m I ona w h e n i n a c o nt rac t b e t w e e n t h e b is h o p o f t h e I sl e s a nd Lau c hl a n M Le a n o f D o wa rt i n 1 5 80 t h e la t t e r b e c o m e s b ou n d t h at h e sall su ffe r na m a n e r Of p e rso un or p e rso nis t o o ppr e ss t h e said is lan d is o f Yc ol me kill (I o na) a nd Ro ss e or t e na nt is t ha ire o f o r t r o ubl e o r m o l e s t t h am e in o ny s or t w i t h a t h e r 53 s t e nt ing Conyow ge r ig s e rvi c e o r o ny m a ne r of e x a c t iou n I n A t h oll we nd t h e v a ssals o f S t ra t h t a y a nd t h e ir t e n ant s o rd e r e d as la t e as i n 1 7 1 9 t o pay t h e ir Cu d e i c hs acc o rd ing t o ancie nt u se a nd w o nt T h e s e in clud e d t wo p e e k s o f c or n o ne t h r e av e o f s t raw a nd S ix s hi ll ing s S c ot s fo r ma int e na n c e o f t he sup e r io r s h o rs e s a nd s e rva nt s wh o wa it o n t h e m o ut o f a nd i n 1 7 2 0 i t i s o rd e r e d t h a t t h e e ac h t w e nt y s h i ll ing l a n d n
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accus t o m e d c o r n a nd s t raw a nd o t h e r casual t ie s pa i d y e arly as Cud d ei c hs o ut o f e ac h m e rk la nd b e t ak e n up e xc e p t ing always t h e land lab o ur e d by t he vassals for t h e ir o wn u s e A s im ilar burd e n u nd e r d iffe r e nt n am e s e m e rg e s in G a l l o way w h e n in a c h ar t e r by D a v id I I t o Sir J o h n H e r is k nigh t o f t he bar ony o f T e rre glis in D umfrie ss h ir e in w h ic h it i s d e clar e d fr e e o f S o rry n a nd F a c ha los u nl e ss o ffic e rs c o m e t h r o ugh i t w it h a r o bb e r or w it h t h e h e a d o f a r obb e r a nd i f t h e y t h e k in s o ffic e rs c a n pass b e y o nd t h e bar o ny g b e fo r e su ns e t t ing t h e y s h a ll h av e no t hing fo r t h e ir e xp e ns e s a nd i f t h e y ca nno t p a ss b e y o n d t h e bar o ny b e fo r e su ns e t t in g t h e y s h all h a v e h o sp it al it y fo r t h at nigh t (hosp i c i u m a d hos etc S orre n wa s a t a x imp o s e d i n I r e la n d u p o n t h e p o ss e ss io n o f la n d for t h e cl o t h i ng f e e d ing a nd supp o r t i ng t h e gall oglass e s a nd k e r n e s I t was o rigin ally a nigh t s m e al up on la nd pass e d t h r ou gh a nd Fa c ha los was pro bably t h e I ri s h F ec htf e le w h i c h i s e xpla ine d as t he firs t nigh t s 54 n t e e r t a i nm e nt we r e c e iv e a t e ac h o t h e r s h o us e Th e F e a c ht a n d S lua g e d (exp e d i t i o e t exerc i t a s) c o n s i s t e d o f a g e n e r a l o bli g at i o n o r ig i n ally up o n t h e m e mb e rs o f t h e t r ib e a nd aft e rward s up o n t h e p o ss e ss o rs a nd o cc up ie rs o f w h at h ad b e e n t r ib e t e rrit o ry t o foll o w t h e ir sup e r i o rs a nd c h ie fs as w e ll as t h e A r d r i o r s o v e r e ign i n h is e xp e d i t io ns a nd wars T h e y a re usually t e rm e d e xp e d it ion a nd h o s t ing a nd i n S c o t la n d t h e burd e n was app or t ione d up on t h e davac h Of lan d I t i s pr obably t h is burd e n t h at i s r e fe rr e d t o in t h e Boo k o f D e e r w h e r e we a re t o ld t h a t t h e M o rma e r a nd T oi sec h i mm o la t e d all t h e Offe r in s t o G o d a nd t o d e v o g t io n a nd t o S ai nt C ol um c ille a n d t o P e t e r t h e A p o s t l e fr e e ,
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fro m all t he burd e n s fo r a p or t i o n o f fo ur d a va c h s o f w h at w o uld c o m e o n t he c h i e f t ri b e r e s i d e nc e s g e n e r a lly a nd o n t he c h i e f ch urc h e s T h e s e o bl ig at io ns s e e m t o h av e c o ns t it u t e d w h at is calle d i n c ha r t e rs S c o t t i sh s e rv i c e (se rmtt a m S c ott n n i e a nm n a n w r f w o k i n ds t e r a l a nd e x t e rn al d e e o t t he ) o ne r e pr e s e nt ing t h e F e a c ht o r e xp e d it io n a nd t h e o t h e r t h e S lu ag e d o r h o s t ing We nd t h e m d is t ing ui s h e d in a c h a r t e r by Wa ld e vu s d e S t ra t h e ih a n t o t h e c h urc h o f S t A ndr e ws o f t h e la nds o f Bl a re g e ro g e wh i c h a re g r a nt e d fre e fr o m all e xac t io n a nd s e rv i c e int e r na l a n d e x t e r nal (s ine omne er a o 55 t i one e t se r vi t z o i nt ri nsec o e t f ort nse eo) a n d t h e i r c on ne c t i o n w it h t h e D avac h app e ars v e ry cl e arly fr o m t h r e e Ch a r t e rs o ne by A l e xa nd e r I I t o t h e abb e y o f S c o ne o f t h e lan ds o f M agna e t Parva Bla r w h i c h c o nt a ins in t h e r e dd e nd o t he claus e r e n d e r ing t he e x t e rna l s e rvi c e o nly w h i c h p e r t a in s t o ve d a vac h s o f la nd t h a t p e r t ai ning t o t h e s i x t h 56 I n a no t h e r by t h e Earl o f S t rat h davac h b e ing r e m it t e d e r n e t o Wi ll e l mu s d e M o rav ia t h e la nds a re g ra nt e d fr e e o f e v e ry s e rv i c e e xc e p t t h e e x t e r na l S c o t t i s h s e rv i c e o f o u r 57 l o rd t he k ing ; a nd in a t h ird c h ar t e r by A l e xand e r t he S e c o n d t o t h e abb e y o f A rbr o at h o f t h e l a n ds o f Ta rva y s c onsis t ing o f four d a va c h s a nd a h alf davac h a nd quar t e r davach t h e y a re g rant e d r e n d e r ing t he e x t e r nal s e rvi c e in 58 We h av e s e e n t h e army w h i c h p e r t a in s t o t h e s a i d l a n ds t h a t t h e F e a c ht ma r a o r se a e xp e d it io n o f e a c h t ri b e i n anc ie nt D al ria d a wa s a t t a c h e d t o e ac h t w e nt y h o us e s c o rr e sp o nd ing t o t h e t w e nt y p e nny l a nds w h i c h fo rm e d t h e dav a c h in t h e w e s t s h o w ing v e ry cl e a rly t h a t e v e n a t t h is e a rly ,
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p e rio d t he D av a c h was t he m e asur e o f la nd by w h i c h t h is burd e n was r e gula t e d S uc h t h e n w e re t he burd e ns c o nne c t e d w i t h t h e a nc ie nt t ribal o rg anisa t io n as d e p ic t e d i n t h e I ris h a nd W e ls h L aws w h ic h we nd s t ill at t ac h e d t o t h e t h a nage s as w e ll as t o all t he cr o w n a nd c h urc h la nds no t h e ld o n a fe udal t e nure T h e y c o ns is t e d o f firs t a s h ar e o f t h e pr o duc e o f t h e la nd a nd t h e s t o ck o f t h e p e rs o nal s e rv i c e s o f c e r t ai n o f t h e t e na nt s a nd o f var io us fi ne s wh i c h w e r e all i nclud e d i n t h e g e n e ral t e rm o f Ca i n ; s e c o n dly o f r igh t s o f e nt e r t ain m e nt a nd supp o r t for a c e r t ain n umb e r o f nig h t s i n t he y e ar u nd e r t h e n am e o f Cot nmhe dha o r Coneo e t h 0 m: .
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c o nt e s t b e t w e e n t he h o us e s o f Bruc e a n d Bal i o l l e d t o n um e r o us c on sc a t io ns o f t h e l a n d h e ld by t h e ir part isa ns o n b o t h s i d e s a nd t o t h e ge ne ral c o nv e rs io n ra s f n t i n t e udal t e nur e s for m il it ary s e rv i c e o f t h e cro w n o g n e Th e t e n ur e o f cr o w n lan ds i n f eooltj ir ma o r fe u farm z i g r? a pp e ars i n England as e arly as t h e r e ig n o f K i ng J o h n a nd mus t h ave t h e n b e e n alre ady w e ll e s t abl is h e d as o ne o f t he s t ipulat io ns i n t h e ar t i cl e s o f t h e Bar on s w h i c h l e d t o t h e r a c h ar r t o f l ib e r t i e s o r M ag na C h ar t a a nd r e p e a t e d i n e t e g t h e lat t e r i s t h a t if a ny o n e h o l ds o f t h e k i ng p e r f e od l rma m or o n saka y e or burg a g e t e n ur e a n d o f a no t h e r fo r m ilit ary s e rvi c e t h e k ing is not t o h av e t h e cus t o dy o f t h e h e ir or o f his lan d wh o h olds o f a not h e r in fe e by r e as on o f his fe e farm s ok a ge o r burgage h o ld ing o f t h e k ing no r s h all h e h av e t h e cus t o dy o f t h e lat t e r u nl e ss t h e fe e fa rm o w e s 59 a n d i n S c o t la n d it was e v i d e nt ly r e c o mil it ary s e rvi c e ; g ni se d as a t e nur e h o ld ing o f t h e Cr o w n i n t h e r e ig ns o f Wi lliam t h e L io n a nd o f A l e xa nd e r t h e S e c o n d Th e t e nur e in fe n fa rm o r f e oolzl rma was i n fac t a n i nt e rm e d i at e t e nur e b e t w e e n t h o s e who h ad m e r e ly t h e usufruc t o f lan d t h e righ t o f pr o p e r t y i n w h i c h s t ill r e maine d w it h t h e g rant e r a nd t h o s e wh o h e l d lan d as h is vassal by a fo r m a l fe udal w f ra n t r m il i t ary s r v i c f t h t o w o rds o f w h i c h o e e O e t he g nam e i s c o mp o s e d F i rma — d e r i v e d fr o m t h e S ax o n f e orm was t h e s h ar e o f t h e pr o duc e o f t h e lan d pai d by a t e nant t o h is lan dl o rd by wa y o f r e nt ; a nd t o h o ld lan d a d r ma m o r i n rma wa s e qu ival e nt t o t h e m o d e r n l e as e h o ld t e nur e : it wa s c o ns t it u t e d by a l e as e a nd c o mpl e t e d by p o ss e ss io n a nd t h e t e nant was call e d rma rt a s b ut f e od u m i s t he fe udal e f grant e d by c h ar t e r a nd c o mpl e t e d by s e is in o r i nf e f t m e nt The t e nur e i n f e od t rma t h e r e fo r e was a fe udal grant o f land no t for milit ary s e rvi c e b u t fo r a rma o r p e rma ne nt r e nt a n d was e qu a lly c o ns t it u t e d by c h ar t e r S tu bb s s S e le c t Cha t ers p p 2 84 2 9 3 a nd
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s e is in S uc h la n ds w e r e h e ld a d f e od t rma m t he annual paym e nt was t he f e od i rma a nd t h e h old e r was call e d f eod t rma rt a s T h e s e g ra nt s w e r e supp o s e d t o re s e mbl e t h e Ro man Emp hy t eusi s a n d t h e fo rm s t ill e x is t s i n S c o t lan d i n o ur m o d e r n fe u c h a r t e r i n w h ic h t h e sam e I n t h e s e t h e la n d i s c o nv e y e d in e xpr e ss io n s are us e d fe u farm t o b e h e ld i n fe u fa rm fe e a nd h e ri t age fo r e v e r for paym e nt o f a n a n nual fe u du t y a nd t h e g ra n t e r is call e d t h e fe uar I t i s h o w e v e r e ss e nt ially a f e udal h o ld i ng a nd d iffe rs fr o m a m e r e t e na n cy by l e as e i n t h is —t h at in t h e fo rm e r t h e d omt nt nm a t t le o f t h e la n d is c o nv e y e d by c h a r t e r t o t h e vassal w h il e i n t h e lat t e r t h e usufruc t o f t h e la n d i s s ol e ly g iv e n a n d t h e pr o p e r t y o f t h e s oi l r e m ains 60 w it h t h e grant e r W h e n t he t h anage cam e t o b e c o n s id e r e d as cr o wn lan d i t assum e d a n app e aran c e w it h i t s t h ane h o ld ing i t u n d e r t h e C r o w n a n d p a y in g a s h ar e o f t h e pr o duc e as Ca i n w h i c h was s o a na l og o us t o t h a t o f t h e fe n farm h o ld ing t h at w h e n fe udal fo r m s b e c a m e m o r e g e ne r a lly a d o p t e d i t a lm o s t u n av oidably pass e d o v e r int o t h e lat t e r ; a nd i t is a t t h i s s t ag e o f t h e h i s t o ry o f t h e t h a nag e w h e n i t wa s u ni v e rs a lly r e c ognis e d as a fe n— fa r m h o ld ing t h a t t h e v e ry i mp o r t ant d e scrip t io n o f t h e t e nur e o f cr o w n lan ds gi v e n us by F o rd u n in his Ch r o ni cl e t o w h i c h we h av e alr e a dy a dv e r t e d m o re dir e c t ly appl ie s We m u s t n o w e xamine t his d e script ion m o r e i n d e t a il Bo rdu n d iv i d e s t h e p o ss e ss o rs a nd o ccup ie rs o f t h e cr o w n lan ds i nt o t h r e e cl a ss e s b e gi nning h is d e scr ip t io n w it h t h e l o w e s t class a n d pro c e e d ing t h r oug h t h e d iffe re nt r a nks t ill he re ach e s t h e T h ane ; b ut it w i ll b e m o r e c o nv e ni e nt for o ur purp o s e t o i nv e r t t h e o rd e r i n w h i c h h e d e scri b e s t h e m a nd
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a p o r t io n o f t he t h a nag e t e rm e d a t e ne m e nt o r t e na nd ry e it h e r d ir e c t fro m t he k ing o r a s was m o r e usual u n d e r t h e t h a ne 63 n i h n o r l o rd as a sub vassal as d i s t i g u s h e d fr o m t e d e m e s e T h e s e f orm e d t h e cl a ss t e rm e d fre e h o ld e rs o r liber e t e ne nt es a nd w e r e b o u n d t o y ie ld c e r t a in s e rv i c e s as su it a nd s e rv i c e in t h e c o ur t o f t h e o v e rl o rd a nd S c o t t i s h s e rv i c e t o t h e k i ng T h is cl a ss is fr e qu e nt ly allud e d t o i n t h e laws b ot h o f Wil l iam t h e L io n a nd o f A l e xan d e r t h e S e c o nd T h us i n a s t at u t e o f K i ng Wi ll ia m t h e L i o n i n 1 1 8 0 r e gard ing t h e h o ld ing o f bar o ny c o ur t s it i s pr o v i de d t h a t ne it h e r b is h o ps nor a bb o t s n or e arls n o r bar o ns n o r a ny fr e e h o ld e rs (libere t e ne nt e s) s h all h o ld c o urt s u nl e ss t h e k ing s s h e r i ff is summ one d e t c A ga in i n a s t at u t e r e g ard ing j us t ic e a n d s h e ri ff m o o t s we h a v e bar o ns k nigh t s (mili tes) a nd fre e ho ld e rs (li bere t e nent es) class e d t og e t h e r ; a nd a s t a t u t e r e g a rd ing t h e m o d e o f c it at ion r e fe rs t o p e rs ons cit e d t o at t e nd t h e m oo t s o f t h e j us t i ciary shire f bar o n vavas o ur (t h a t i s o f o ne h o ld i ng o f a bar o n) o r T he n a o f a ny fr e e h o ld e r (li be r e t e n e n ti s) t h a t h as a c o ur t d e clarat ion r e g ard ing t h e fr e e d o m o f t h e C h urc h i s mad e by K ing Will ia m a t S c o n e w it h t h e c o m m on c o ns e nt a n d d e l i b e rat io n o f t h e pr e lat e s e arls bar ons a n d fr e e h o ld e rs (li be re t e ne n t i a m) ; a n d fi na lly t h e r e is a s t a t u t e by t h e sam e k ing t h a t t h e e arls bar o n s a n d fr e e h o ld e rs (li bere t e ne n t e s) o f t h e ,
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re a lm s h all k e e p p e a c e a nd j us t ic e a m ong t h e ir s e rfs a nd t h at t h e y s h a ll l iv e a s l o rds fr o m t h e ir l a nds r e n t s a nd du e s a nd n o t a s h usb a ndm e n o r s h e e p fa rm e rs was t ing t h e ir prop e r t y a nd t h e c o u nt ry w i t h a m ul t it ud e o f s h e e p a nd b e as t s t h e re by t r o ubl ing G o d s p e o pl e w i t h p e n ury p o v e rt y a nd d e s t ruc t i o n ; t h is curi o us s t a t u t e s h o wi ng no t o nly t h e p o s it ion Of t h e liber e t e ne nt es a s pr o pr ie t o rs b ut t h a t t h e r e wa s a t e nd e n cy e v e n a t t h is e a rly p e ri o d t o w it h draw l a n d 64 fro m cul t ur e a nd c o nv e r t i t i nt o p a s t ur e l a nd T he n in t h e S t a t u t e s o f A l e x a n d e r t h e S e c o n d t h e r e i s o n e d e mo d o d u e lli se c und i t m e ond i t i on e m p e rsona r u m i n w h i c h r e fe re n c e is mad e t o t h e mi le s o r k nig h t o r s o n o f a k n ig h t o r a ny l i bere t e ne ns o r fre e h o ld e r i n f e od o mi li t a r i o r k nigh t s fe e A ga in in a n o t h e r l a w t h e k i ng s t a t u t e s t h a t i f a ny mi le s o r k nigh t s h all b e i nd i c t e d by inqu e s t h e s h a ll p a ss t h r o u gh a n a ss i z e Of g oo d a nd l e i l k n igh t s o r o f fr e e h o ld e rs Of h e ri t a g e 65 a nd t h e i r p o s i t io n i s cl e a rly a m here d i t a r i e ) ; l ib e r t e n e n t i e ( ind i c a t e d by a pr o v i s i o n i n t h e Q u o niam a t t a c h ia me nt a t h a t a n fr e e h o ld e r (li bere t e n e ns) w h o s e t e n e m e nt i s by hi s in fe f t y me nt fr e e fro m all s e rv i c e s h all fa ll t o a lady by r e as o n o f h e r t e rc e a n d u nw it t ingly d id s e rvi c e t o h e r s h all n o t b e 66 l iabl e in s im il a r s e rvi c e t o h is sup e ri or T h i s v ie w o f t h e p os it io n o f t h e li ber e t e nent es as fre e h o ld e rs h o ld i ng land u nd e r t h e t h ane or bar o n as sub vassals o f t h e C r o w n i s c orro b or a t e d by a fe w c h a r t e rs w h ic h may b e no t ic e d T h us Ro b e rt u s d e K e t h l o rd o f t h e sam e a n d o f t h e bar o ny Of Tro up a nd M a ri sc h all o f S c o t land grant s c e r t ain l a n ds w it hin t h e bar o ny o f Tro up t o h is so n J o hn d e Ke t h w it h t he b o ndm e n b o ndag e s nat i v e m e n a nd t h e ir f o ll o w e rs b ut re s e rvi ng t o h ims e lf t h e sup e ri o rit y a nd s e rv i c e o f t h e fr e e h old e rs (li bere te ne nt i a m) o f t h e lan ds o f A c h o rt hi C ur vi a nd Ha ni n h i l l ly in i i n t h w h t e bar o ny o f Tr o up A g ain y g g ,
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a c h a r t e r by A l e x a nd e r t h e S e c o nd t o t h e b is h o p o f M o r a y h e g ra nt s i n t h e t w e nt y f o ur t h y e a r o f h is r e ig n t w e nt y fo ur marks o f t h e fe u du t y (f eod o rma ) o f M o y t h us o r M oy n e ss a n d s ix t e e n marks o f t h e fe u du t y o f D ik e a nd 3 Bro t hy n by t h e h a n ds Of h is f e o d ij i rm a r i i Of t h e s e la nds I n a n Ex t e nt o f t h e la nds o f Ky lra voc a nd Es t ir G e d e ys i n 1 2 9 5 W ill iam t h an e o f M o y t h e s a nd D o na ld t h a ne Of Ka l e d o r o r C ald o r a re am o ng t h e j ur o rs ; a nd i n 1 3 1 1 M i c h a e l so n Of M a lc o lm t h a ne o f D yk e a n d Bro d ie i s m e n t io n e d ; b u t i t i s o nly w it h r e g ard t o t h e t h a ne d o m Of C a ld o r t h a t w e h a v e a ny i nfo rma t io n b e y o n d t h e m e r e m e nt i o n o f T h e r e is pre s e rv e d a t C a ld o r a n o riginal c h a r t e r t h e n am e by Ro b e r t t h e Fi rs t t o Will iam t h a ne o f C a ld o r i n w h ic h h e gra nt s t o him i n fe u farm (a d f e od o r m a m) t h e w h o l e t h an a g e o f C a ld o r w i t h i t s p e r t in e nt s fo r a n a nn ual pay m e nt o f t we lv e marks a s wa s w o nt t o b e pai d i n t h e t i m e o f A l e xa n d e r k ing o f S c o t lan d o u r pr e d e c e ss o r l a s t d e c e as e d t o b e h e l d by him a n d hi s h e irs o f us a nd o ur h e i rs h e r it ably i n fe n—fa rm r e n d e rin g t o us t h e s e rv i c e d ue a n d w o nt t o b e r e n d e r e d i n t h e t im e o f K ing A l e x a n d e r 4 T h is c h ar t e r r e fe rs back t o t h e t im e b e fo r e t h e war o f ind e p e nd e n c e w h e n t h e t h ana ge t e nur e wa s s t ill pr e s e rv e d i nt ac t T h e t h a nage app e ars aft e rwards t o h a v e b e e n h e ld o f t h e e arls o f Ro ss b u t i n t h e fo rfe it ur e o f t h e e a rl o f Ro ss i n 1 4 7 5 i t f e ll on c e m o r e t o t h e C r o w n a nd is c o nfirm e d by K ing J am e s t h e S e c o n d t o Wi ll ia m t h ane o f C a ld o r ; a n d h is w h o l e lands a re e r e c t e d o f n e w i nt o a t h a n a e w i t h t h e pri v il e e s Of a g g bar o ny a n d t h e fe udal h o ld ing by w a rd a nd r e l ie f i s c o m b i ne d w i t h t h e cus t o mary a nnu a l paym e nt — t h us r e t a in ing t h e n am e o f a t h a nag e w h i l e t h e c h arac t e r o f t h e t e n ur e i s 5 A m o ng t h e la n d s i nc o rp o rat e d i n t h e n e w t h a nag e al t e r e d w e r e lan ds i n t h e p a ris h o f U rqu h art i n t h e Black I sl e ,
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de t ac h e d fro m t h e o ld t h a na ge a nd t h e y a ffo rd a curio us i ns t a nc e o f t h e r e t e nt io n o f t h e o ld C e l t i c n a m e by a G a e l i c sp e ak ing p o pul a t io n for t h e s e l a nds b e ca m e k n o w n by t h e Be t we e n t h e t e r m o f F e a r i n t osh o r t h e T o i sha e h s la n d Le t h e n Bur n a n d t h e Lo ss ie l a y t he e x t e ns iv e t h a n age o f M o rav ia o r M o ray o f w h i c h t h e f o r e s t o f D a rn a way app e a rs 6 We nd t h is t h a nage m e nt io ne d t o h av e fo rm e d a p a r t in t h e Re c o rds b u t h av e n o par t i cul a rs Of i t s h i s t o ry ; b u t i t i s no d o ub t fro m it t h a t t h e fa m i ly o f D e M o rav ia t o ok i t s n am e t h e e arl ie s t p o ss e ss i o n o f t h i s fam ily h a v i ng b e e n D u ffus w h i c h if n o t a par t Of it wa s a t l e a s t adj a c e n t t o t he t h a na g e On b o t h s i d e s o f t h e L o ss ie l a y t h e t h a n ag e o f K i l m a l e mn o k t h e g re a t e r p a r t Of w h i c h fo rms t h e paris h o f S t A n dr e ws ; a n d a c h ar t e r by A rc h ib a ld E arl o f D o u gl a s t o J am e s D o u gl a s o f Ba lva ny c o nfirm e d by K i ng J am e s t h e Fi rs t i ncl u d e s a ll his l a n ds ly i ng i n t h e t ha y n e d o m e s i n 7 i T h e o nly o t h e r t h a na g e i n t h e l o rds h p o f Kil m al a m a n t h is pr o v i nc e o f w h i c h a ny m e nt i on i s pr e s e rv e d wa s t h a t sit uat e d in t he i nt e rio r o f t h e c o u nt ry a s i n 1 3 6 7 J o ann e s d e D o lai s wa s t h a ne o f C ro md a l e a d is t r i c t 0 11 t h e ri v e r S p e y 8 a t s o me d i s t a n c e fr o m i t s m o u t h B e s i d e s t h e m e n t io n o f t h e s e t h anag e s w h i c h a re m a inly t o b e f o u n d i n t h e m o r e le v e l d is t ri ct s a dj ac e nt t o t h e s e a we a re no t w it h ou t i n d i c a t io ns t h a t t h e d i ffe r e nt cl a ss e s w hi c h a cc o rd ing t o Fo rd un w e r e c onne ct e d w it h t h e t h a nag e s l ik e w is e e x i s t e d in t h e i nt e rio r d is t ri c t s o f t h is pr o v in c e T h us i n a n a g re e m e nt b e t w e e n t h e b i s h o p o f M o ray a nd Wal t e r Cu my n b e t w e e n AD 1 224 a n d 1 2 33 r e g ard ing l a n ds i n Bad e n o c h i t i s p ro vid e d w it h r e g ard t o t h e n a t iv e m e n na t i r i ) t h a t t h e b i s h o p ( sh all h a v e a ll t h e cl e ri c a nd t wo lay n a t iv e m e n— viz G y l le mal uo c k M a c na k e e ig e ll e a n d S y t h a d m a c M all o n w i t h a l l ,
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h e ir c h a t t e ls a nd p o ss e ss io ns a nd w it h t h e ir c h ildre n a nd a ll t h e i r p o s t e ri t y a n d t h e c h a t t e ls o f t h e i r c h i ldr e n ; a nd Wal t e r C umy n t o h av e all t h e o t h e r lay na t iv e m e n o f lands i n Ba d e no c h ; a nd w h e n a f t e r t h e war o f i nd e p e nd e n c e Ro b e r t t h e Bruc e e r e c t e d t h e w h o l e la n ds e x t e nd i ng fro m t h e t
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c a ll e d c o nt ai ni ng t h e par is h o f Boy n d ie a nd p a r t s o f For dyc e a nd Ban ff a nd t h e fo r e s t o f Boy ne a dj oining it i n t h e s ou t h Of t h e e arly h i s t o ry o f t h i s t h an a g e we h a v e n o n d i t c o nv e r t e d i nt o a fe ud a l bar o ny i n fo rma t i o n t i ll we by K ing D av i d wh o g ra nt s a c h ar t e r i n 1 36 8 t o J o h n d e Ed m o u ns t o ne o f his w h o l e l a n ds o f h i s t h a na g e o f Bo y ne wit h a n annu a l r e nt o f fo ur p ou n ds fr o m t h e t o w n o f Ba nff t o b e h e ld as a b a r o ny w i t h t h e t e na nd rie s a n d s e rv i c e s a nd h omage s o f t h e fr e e h old e rs (libe re t enen t iu m) The f o re s t o f 11 Bo y n e app e a rs t o h a v e r e m a in e d i n t h e C r o w n Eas t o f t h i s t h an a g e wa s t h a t o f G l e nd o wa c h y a ls o call e d D o u ne w h i ch i n t h e Re nt a l Of A l e x a nd e r t h e T h ird i s valu e d a t t w e nt y p o u n ds y e arly I t app e a rs t o h a v e b e e n n t e h i t f t i n ra d by b r rs H u h rl ss u R o e t t F t o a O R o b e e g g 1 3 8 2 Rob e r t t h e S e c o n d g r a nt s t o J o h n Ly o u nn k nigh t t h e w h ol e l a nds o f t h e t h a na ge o f G l e nd owa c hy w h i c h h ad fa ll e n t o h im by e sc h e a t fr o m t h e la t e W i ll iam e a rl o f ROS S wh o h a d al ie n a t e d it w it h o u t t h e r oy a l c o ns e nt — t o b e h e ld by him for t h e accus t o m e d s e rv i c e s A dj a c e n t wa s t h e small t h a na g e Of M u nb re v a lu e d in t h e Re nt al a t t h ir t y 12 four p ou nds e ig h t s h ill ing s a nd e ig h t p e nc e S o u t h o f t h e s e t h a na g e s l a y t h o s e Of A b e rk e rd o r a nd Na t he rd a l e c O e x t e n s i v e w it h t h e paris h o f M a r no ch a n d t h a t o f C on v e t h w it h t h e p a r i s h Of I nv e rk e i t h nie Of t h e s e t h a nag e s we h a v e s o m e i nfo rm a t io n pr io r t o t h e war o f i nd e p e n d e n c e Be t w e e n 1 2 8 6 a nd 1 2 8 9 S i m o n t h a n e o f A b e rk e rd o r fo u n ds t h e c h a p e l Of S a in t M e ni miu s o n t h e b anks Of t h e D o ve rn a nd grant s c e r t a i n la nds t o i t ; a nd i n a n i nqu i s it io n r e a rd i n g g t h i s fo u n da t io n in 1 3 6 9 i t i s f o u n d t h a t S im o n was t h an e o f t h e t wo t h a na g e s o f C o nv e t h a n d Ab e rk e rd o r a nd o w ing t o d e r e l i c t a ga i ns t t h e k ing h e h ad s e iz e d b o t h t h a na e s o n w h i c h S i m o n mad e o v e r six d a va c h s g ,
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rd e r t h a t h e m igh t r e c o v e r t h e o t h e r t h a nage o f A b e rk e rd o r a nd fo u nd e d t h e c h ap e l in c o ns e qu e nc e He app e a rs t o h a v e h a d a n only daugh t e r a nd h e ir e ss a nd t h e t h anage o f A b e rk e rd or i s fo u n d i n t h e C r o w n in t he r e ig n o f D a v i d I I wh o i nclud e s 13 i t i n t h e g ra nt t o Wal t e r d e L e sl ie fo rm e rly n o t i c e d in w h o s e fav o ur i t was e r e c t e d i nt o a b a r o ny F r o m t h e t h an ag e Of C o nv e t h c o e x t e n s iv e w it h t h e par is h o f I nve rk e it h ni e t o t h e e a s t e rn s e a b oard b e t w e e n t h e Yt h an a nd t h e D on lay t he e x t e ns iv e t h a nage o f Fe rmart y n t h e pr in c i p a l s e a t o f w h i c h was F y vi e I t s a nn ual valu e i n t he r e ig n o f A l e xa n d e r t h e T h i rd was 1 2 0 marks a n d i t app e ars t o h a v e b e e n far m e d by a t e na nt as Re ginald F ir m a ri u s d e F e r ma r ty n acc o u nt s i n t h e C h a mb e rla in Ro lls o f 14 i n f i r m a t h at r e g or ts o r r e nt I t c o n s i s t e d l ik e o t h e r lar g e t h a nage s o f t h a n age a nd fo r e s t a nd a m o ng t h e m iss ing c h ar t e rs Of Ro b e r t t h e Fi rs t i s on e t o S ir J o h n Bro u n o f t h e t h a n a g e o f F e rma rt y n a nd a n o t h e r t o P a t r i ck d e M o nt e a t h o f t h e Offic e Of f o r e s t e rs h ip o f K ill a n e ll a n d F e rm art y n S h o w ing t h a t t h e f o r e s t h ad b e c o m e a r o yal f o r e s t ; D a v i d t h e S e c o n d h o w e v e r grant s o ne h alf o f hi s t h a na ge o f F e r m a r t y n t o Wil lia m e arl o f S u t h e rl a n d for his l i fe w it h it s t e na n d rie s a n d s e rv i c e s o f t h e fr e e h o ld e rs (li bere t e ne ne i u m) a nd w it h i t s b o ndm e n a n d t h e i r b o n da g e s e rv i c e s n a t iv e me n a n d t h e ir f o ll o w e rs t o b e h e ld i n fr e e baro ny a nd h is h e irs t o h o ld it i n ward a nd r e l i e f T he o t h e r h alf o f t h e t h a na ge was h e ld as app e ars by t h e C h a mb e rlai n Ro lls by T h o mas I sa a k b u t i t a pp e a rs t o h av e a gai n falle n t o t he C ro w n a nd is fi nally g ra nt e d by K i ng Ro b e r t t h e T h ird a s a baro ny t o H e nry d e Pre st o une w it h t h e t o w n a nd cas t l e of 15 Fyv i e A dj a c e nt t o F e rma rt y n o n t h e se a c o as t wa s t he small e r t h a nag e o f B e l h e lvi e We k no w n o t h ing o f i t s e
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urris b ut not t h e fo r e s t Of Co lly w h i c h is sai d t o b e i n his h a nds by c o nc e ss io n o f t h e k ing 27 I n 1 3 6 9 K ing D av i d II gr a nt s t o A l e x a n d e r Fras e r t h e la nds o f t h e t h an a g e o f D urr is w h i c h i s e r e c t e d i nt o a bar o ny 28 a nd t h e t h an a g e Of C o wi e s h ar e d t h e sam e fa t e as t h o u h n o c h a r t e r i s g e x t a nt A l e xa nd e r Fr a s e r l o rd o f t h e b a r o nie s o f C o lly a nd o f D urr i s a n t s i n 1 4 0 0 a c h ar t e r i n fav o ur Of h is s o n o f r g c e r t ain lands i n t he bar o ny o f D urri s w h i c h is c onfirm e d by 29 t h e k ing Ro b e r t d e K e i t h s o n o f Wi lli am d e K e it h a nd M arga re t Fr a s e r g e t s a c h a r t e r fro m Ro b e r t I I o f t h e fo r e s t o f C o lly t h e f o r e s t c a ll e d t h e fo r e s t o f t h e M o nt h t h e lan ds o f F e ra c h l a s t ol a c h C ra l h n a h ull w h il k Of o l d wa s G C o c y gy o f t h e t h a na e Of C o lly a nd vi c e c o m K in c ardin 3° g T he o t h e r g ro up o f t h an a g e s f o rms t h e s o u t h e r n p a rt o f M e a r ns a nd e x t e nds fr o m t h e G ramp ia ns t o t h e s e a T h e m o s t w e s t e rly are t h o s e s t yl e d t h e t h a na g e s o f Ky nc ard e n a n d c o n s is t Of t h o s e Of K n c a rd e n F e t t e rc a irn a n d A b e r y b ut h n o t T h e s e t h r e e t h a na g e s w it h t h e park o f Ky nc ard yn t h e cas t l e a n d t h e Ca ns Of t h e sam e app e a r in 1 3 5 9 as in 31 t h e h an ds o f t h e Earl o f S u t h e rl a n d by r oyal c o n c e ss io n K incard in e was fr o m a n e arly p e r io d a r oyal s e a t a nd Ro b e r t t h e Firs t c o nfirms t o A l e x a nd e r F r a s e r six ar a bl e a cr e s i n t h e t e n e m e nt o f A u c h i nc a ri e adj o in in t h o yal e r g ma n o r o f K in card ine I t e m brac e s t h e g r e at e r par t o f t h e par is h Of F o rd un a nd a s w e nd i n i t t h e na m e o f Kink e ll t h e r e may pr o bably h av e b e e n a c h i e f c h urc h c o rr e sp o n d ing t o t h e n a m e o f Ki n card ine a s t h e sam e t e rm Of Ki nk e ll did t o K int o r e Th e t h a n a g e o f F e t t e rca irn i s c o e x t e ns iv e w it h t h e par i s h o f t h a t n am e a n d c o nt aine d i n i t la n ds call e d t h e ,
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w it h t h e p a ris h Of M a ry k irk H o w t h e s e t h r e e t h a na g e s b e cam e c o nv e r t e d int o fe ud a l baro nie s h as alr e ady b e e n n o t i c e d On t h e w e s t s i d e w h ic h o f F e t t e rc a irn was t h e small t h a nag e o f N e wd osk A m o ng t h e on c e fo rm e d a par i s h no w u ni t e d t o Edz e ll not i c e s o f m i ss i ng c h ar t e r s i s o ne by D av i d I I t o Ro nald Ch e ne o f t h e t h ay n d o m o f N e wd o sk is a nd i n 1 3 6 5 h e g r a nt s t o S ir A l e x a n d e r d e Ly nd e sa y all h is l a n ds i n t h e t h an a g e o f 32 Ne wd o sk t o b e h e ld a s a fre e bar o ny On t he w e s t S id e o f K incard ine was t h e i mp o r t ant t h ana g e o f A b e rb u t h no t n o w A rbu t h no t I t c o nt a i ne d t w e nt y t h r e e t o w ns h ips b e s i d e t h e k irk t o n o r c h urc h l a n d T h i s t h a nage app e a rs o rigin ally t o h av e of A rbu t h no t b e e n c c e x t e ns iv e w it h t h e par is h o f A rbu t h no t a nd t o h av e b e e n br o k e n up by King Will ia m t h e Lio n who grant s t h e lands o f A l t re t h is n o w A ll a rdyc e t o t h e a nc e s t o r o f t h at fam ily a nd t h e t h an ag e i t s e lf t o Osb e r t Ol ifa rd t h e crusad e r w h il e t h e lan ds o f K a ir c o ns is t ing o f fo ur t o wns h ips a nd t h o s e o f I nc h b re c k app e ar as s e par a t e p o ss e ss i o ns The e nt ir e par i s h app e ars t o h av e c o nt a i ne d ft y fo ur pl o u gh gat e s Of la nd g iv ing a n av e r ag e o f t wo pl o u g h g a t e s o r a h a l f d a vac h t o e a c h t o wns h ip ; b ut in t h e e igh t e e nt h c e nt ury t h e s e p a rat e p o ss e ss io n s c o ns i s t e d o f fo ur t e e n farms o f t wo pl o ugh g at e s e ac h t w e nt y t wo o f o ne pl o u gh ga t e ve Of h alf a pl o ugh ga t e a nd six Of a quar t e r pl o u gh g at e or h usban d 33 land T h is is pr o bably a fair e no u gh p ic t ur e o f h o w t h e land h ad b e e n o ccup ie d i n o ld e r days by t h e d i ffe r e nt class e s o f it s p o ss e ss o rs a n d i f t h e pl o u h a t e i n t h e mai n re re p g g s e nt s t h e We ls h Tr ef t h e e nt ir e t h a nage i n i t s o ld e s t s t at e was t h e e qu iv a l e nt o f t h e We ls h Cgmwd A curi o us i ns igh t i nt o t he a nc ie n t s t at e o f t h is t h a na g e is giv e n us by a d o cum e nt t h e o rigi nal o f w h i c h i s p re s e rv e d a t A rbu t h n ot H o us e I t is a d e cr e e t o f t h e S y n o d o f 3 33 Ro b e r t s on s I nd e x S t a t A c c ount v o l xvu p 38 7 A b e rl ut hno t
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P e r t h i n a c aus e b e t wix t W ill ia m b is h o p o f S t A nd re ws a nd Th e c h urc h Of D u nc a n d e Ab e rb u t h e n o t i n t h e y e a r 1 2 0 2 A rb u t lm o t was in t h e d io c e s e o f S t A n dre ws a n d t h e qu e s t io n r e la t e d t o t h e r e sp e c t iv e r igh t s o f t h e b is h o ps o f S t A n dr e ws a nd o f t h e A rb u t h no t s wh o r e pr e s e nt e d t h e Ol d t h a n e s i n t h e k irk t o n o r ch urc h la n ds Of A rbu t h no t a nd i t pr e s e rv e s t h e T he i n qu i ry e v i d e n c e o f t h e w it n e ss e s w h o w e r e e xam i ne d e x t e n ds o v e r a p e r i o d o f m o r e t h a n h a lf a c e nt ury a nd dur ing D ur ing t h e e p isc o p a t e o f t h e e p isc o p a t e o f fo ur b i s h o ps Ri c h ard wh o b e c a m e b i s h o p i n 1 1 6 3 Osb e rt us Olifard app e a rs as l ord o f t h e la nd a nd t h e ki rk t on i s o ccup ie d by T h e n in t h e t i m e o f Bis h o p H u go a mul t it ud e o f S c oloc s h is succ e ss o r Osb e rt u s Ol ifard g oe s o n a crus a d e a nd l e t s t h e l a n d t o Y sa a c d e Bo ne vi n fo r s ix y e a rs wh o i s t e rm e d r m a ri u s a n d t h e k irk t o n was t h e n o ccup i e d by e igh t h o ld e rs h avi ng u n d e r t h e m p e o pl e h av i ng h o us e s c all e d p e rsonoe a st s n n t h i b T h m s h p r a n d pas t ur in e e i t e o f B i e o R o e g g Wal t e r Ol ifa rd t h e n e x t l o rd g av e hi s l a n d Of A rbu t h no t t o Hu g o S wint u n for h i s s e rvi ce a nd h i s so n D u ncan wa s call e d D e A b e rb ut h n o t r e m o v e d t h e S eoloe s als o c a ll e d t h e n at i v e m e n fr o m t h e ki rk t o n a nd firs t cul t iva t e d t h e ir l a nd t h at i s add e d i t t o his o wn d e m e s ne T h e s e l o rds fr o m Osb e rt Ol ifa rd t o D u n ca n o f A b e rb u t h n o t e vi d e nt ly r e pr e s e nt e d t h e O l d t h a n e s a s i t i s sa i d t h a t n o t h a n e b e fo r e D u n ca n h ad e v e r c ul t iva t e d t h i s la n d n o r t h at a ny t h a n e h ad u t a pl u h o g p i n t h a t l a n d b e fo r e D u n ca n d i d so Osb e r t Olifa rd h o w e v e r was fro m h is n am e a N o rm a n i nt rud e r wh o ha d Ob t aine d i t fro m t h e C r o w n aft e r t h e t h a n ag e s b e c a m e cr o w n l a n d a nd i t s e e ms t o h av e p a ss e d i n t h i s way t h r o ug h m a ny h a n ds as o ne w it n e ss h ad s e e n t h ir t e e n t h a n e s p o ss e ss in t h l a nd e g b ut n o ne o f w h o m h ad v e x e d t h e m e n o f t h e k irk t o n b e for e D u n ca n Th e r e sul t o f t h e in qu iry was t h at t h e b i s h o p was e nt it l e d t o Co nve t h fr o m t h e m e n o f t h e k irk t o n a nd t o a r e nt Of t wo c o ws a nd o ne h alf o f t he blod wi ts a nd me re e ts b u t t h e t h a ne r e c e i v e d t h e Ca n a nd t e n c h e e s e s fr o m e ac h ,
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c s t o r o f t h e no bl e fam ily o f A rb ut h n o t wh o a f t e rw a rds h e ld t h e t h a na g e a s a b a r o ny Ne x t t o A b e rb ut hno t wa s t h e sm a ll t h anag e Of M orp hie I t is m e nt ion e d in 1 3 6 2 i n t h e E xc h e qu e r Ro lls a n d a m o ng t he m iss ing c h a r t e rs by D a v i d I I a re t wo o f a nn u a l r e nt s 35 I t is s i t uat e d in t h e fur t h o f t h e t h a nag e Of M o rp hi e paris h o f S t Cyrus f o rm e rly c a ll e d Ec c l e sgre ig a nd h e r e we c o m e i n c o nt a c t w it h a not h e r d e s ig na t io n o f la n d w h i c h we t h a t o f t h e A bba e i a o r no t i c e d i n a pr e v i o us v o lu m e vi z A bt ha nri e 36 T h is wa s l a n d w h i c h h a d fo rm e rly b e l o ng e d t o a n abb e y o r m o n as t e ry o f t h e C o lu m b a n C h urc h b ut h a d fall e n t o t h e C r o w n e i t h e r by t h e m ona s t e ry fall ing i nt o t h e h ands o f l a y abb o t s o r by it s e x t in c t i o n a nd w h e n t h e y b e c a m e cr o w n lands we nd t h e m cl a ss e d w it h t h e t h a na g e s T h e s e A btha nr i e s a re in t h e main c o n fi ne d t o t h e c o u nt ry lyi ng b e t w e e n t he g r e a t m o u nt a in c h a in o f t h e M o unt h a nd t he Fi r t h o f Fo r t h ; a n d t h e firs t we m e e t w it h i s t h a t o f Ec c l e sgre ig w h i c h wa s g ran t e d by Ki ng Wi ll i am t he L io n t o t h e pri o ry o f S t A n dr e ws By h is c h a r t e r t h e k ing c onv e ys t h e c h urc h o f Ec c le sgre ig w i t h t h e c h a p e l o f S t Re g ulus a nd w it h t h e h a lf caruca t e o r pl o ug h l a nd in w h i c h i t i s s it ua t e d a nd w it h t h e la n d o f t h e a bba e i a o f Ec c l e sg re ig acc ord ing t o i t s a n c ie nt r igh t s a n d w i t h it s c o mm on p a s t ur e canon s a nd m e n a nd w it h my t h a n e a nd m y m e n t h r o ugh w h o l e par i s h o f Ec c l e sgre ig Th e t h a n e h e r e o ut t h e m e nt io ne d s e e ms t o h av e b e e n t h e t h a ne Of M o rp h i e as t h a t t h a nag e wa s w i t h in t h e par i s h t h e re s t o f t h e l a n d fo r mi ng t h e a bba e i a or a bt h a nri e ; a nd t h e t h a na ge app e ars t o h av e p a ss e d i nt o t h e h a nds o f D a v i d e arl o f Hu nt ing d on as K ing A l e xa n d e r t h e S e c on d c o n firms t h e a b o v e gr a nt wi t h t h e e xc e p t io n o f h is t h a n e a nd h i s m e n a n d E a rl D a v i d g r a n t s A b e rb ut h n o t wa s t h e
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pr io ry o f S t A n dr e ws t h e w h o l e Ca n a nd Conve th w h i c h t h e ca no ns w e re d ue t o hi m for t h e la nd o f Eccl e s i i i i t e m n r s rv c s w h c h h r w r b u d e a n d h e e e e t e e o n to g g 3 7 n n r e d e r t o him w hic h i s c o firm e d by Earl J oh n h is s o n Wh e n we e nt e r t h e e a rld o m o f A ngus w h i c h fo rms t h e s o u t h e r n a nd large r p a r t o f t h is pr o vi nc e we nd t h a t t h e t h a na g e s l ie m o r e apar t a nd b e ar a l e ss pr o p o r t io n i n e x t e nt t o t h e w h o l e la n d o f t h e e arld o m T h is ari s e s from it s g r e a t e r i mp o r t a n c e fro m i t s s i t ua t i o n i t s s iz e a n d t h e c h a rac t e r o f t h e la n d a s a par t o f t h e t e rri t o ry i n t h e h e ar t o f t h e k ing d o m a n d t h e g r e a t e r e x t e n t t o w h ic h t h e lan d h ad b e e n g ra nt e d t o fo r e ign bar o ns as fe udal h o ld ing s The Old e s t m e nt io n Of t h e t h a nage s i n t h is e arld o m i s i n c o nn e ct ion w it h t h e g rant s t o t h e v e ry a nc ie nt c h urc h Of Re s t e nn ot n e ar F o rfar A c h ar t e r by D av i d t h e S e c o nd i n 1 344 n arra t e s t h a t t h e k i n s M alc o lm (C e a nnmo r) A l e xa n d e r (t h e g Firs t ) a nd D a v i d (t h e Firs t ) ha d g r a nt e d t o t h e pr io r a nd cano ns o f Re s t e nnot b e s i d e s o t h e r d o nat ions t h e t it h e o f all t he fru it s o f t h e i r t h a na ge s a nd d e m e s n e lan ds w h e t h e r in m o ne y o r in k in d w it h in t h e s h e ri ff d o m Of Fo rfar w h ic h h e c o nfirms ; a nd K ing R ob e r t Bruc e i n a c h art e r c o nfirmi ng vario us r igh t s a nd pr iv il e ge s t o t h e pr i o r a nd cano ns o f Ro u st i no t i n 1 3 2 2 w h ic h t h e y h ad p o ss e ss e d i n t h e t im e o f A l e xa nd e r t h e T h ird in clud e s t h e sum o f t w e n t y s h ill ings a n d t e np e n c e r e c e iv e d a nnually fr o m t h e t h ana g e o f Tha na e ha g i s o r T a nna d c e a n d t h e s e c o n d t it h e s o f t h e t h a na e s y g o f Ol d M o nr o s D u n cy G l a mm e s Kinga l t e vy a nd A be rle me n a c h or A b e rl e m no a nd l ik e w i s e o f t h e t h r e e b o ndag e s or s e rv il e l a nds o f Fo rfar viz Tre b og Bal me sh e no r a nd Es t e r f o rfar S ix m e rks fr o m t he bar o ny o f Ke t ne s a nd fo rt y s h ill ing s a n d a s t o n e o f wax fr o m t h e bar o ny o f Bre c h e n ; wh i l e a d e cr e e t o f t h e d e pu t ie s o f t h e e arl o f Ro ss as J us t i c i ary o f S c o t la n d n o r t h o f t h e Fo r t h i n 1 3 4 7 fi n ds t h a t t h e t o t he
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p a ym e nt o f t h e t it h e s Of t h e t h a na ge s o f M o ny fo t h a nd M e nmur a s w e ll a s t h e o t h e r t h a nag e s a nd 38 a nd r o yal l a n ds w i t h int h e s h i r e o f F o rfar Th e t h anage s w it h in t h e e arld o m o f A ngus f a ll i nt o t wo i h f t h e o r o ups n t n o r t h r n a n d s o u t h e r n par t s o e arld m e e g r e sp e c t iv e ly Of t h e n or t h e r n g r o up t h e b e a u t iful vall e y o f C l o v a t h r o ug h w h i c h fl o w t h e upp e r wat e rs o f t h e S o u t h Esk fo rms t he m o s t w e s t e rly o f t h e t h anage s t h at o f Clo ve t h o r I n 1 3 2 8 K ing Ro b e r t Bruc e g ra nt s t o D o na ld e arl C l o va o f M a r h i s w h o l e t h a na e o f C l o ve t h w it h t wo p e nd i cl e s o f g la n d calle d Pe t noc y s t o b e h e ld i n fe e a nd h e rit age for pay m e nt o f a rm a o f t w e nt y p o u nds a nd r e n d e ring t h e carr iage s a nd o t h e r s m all s e rv i c e s d u e a nd cus t o mary i n t h e t im e Of 39 A l e x a nd e r t h e T h ird ; a n d i n 1 3 5 9 t h e s h e r i ff o f F o rf a r d e b it s h i ms e lf w it h no t h ing fro m t h e t h a nage o f C love t h a nd t h e t wo Le t h no t t y s w h i c h r e t ur n a nn ually f o r t y t wo p o u n ds b e caus e it i s i n t h e h ands o f t h e e a rl o f M a r b ut by w h a t 40 t it l e h e k no ws no t H e re we nd t h e p e nd icl e s o f l a nd t e rm e d Pe t no c y s in t h e c h ar t e r a re c a ll e d Le t h n ot t y s i n t h e r o lls w h ic h t h r o ws s o m e l igh t o n t h e m e ani ng o f Pit as a d e nom inat io n Of land L e t h me a ns t h e h a lf o f any t h ing a n d as we h a v e s e e n was a ppl ie d t o t h e h a lf o f a p e nny lan d I t h e r e pro bably r e fe rs t o t h e h alf o f a v ill a o r t ow n s h ip e x pr e ss e d by v illul a C l o v a app e a rs i n t h e Re c o rd o f Re t o urs as a bar ony c ont a ining t h e k irk t on a nd o t h e r s e v e n t o w ns h ips 41 a nd as h a v i n t a ma r plac m ll l s f r s s n o n d o e i n a e e g g Pr o c e e d ing a l ong t h e c ours e o f t h e S o u t h Esk we nd o n it s no rt h bank t h e t h an age s o f King al t e vy a nd Ta nn a d y c e forming t h e pari s h Of t h a t n am e T h e t h a nage o f Kingalt e vy app e ars t o h av e r e maine d i n t h e C r o w n as l at e as t h e r e ign o f Ro b e r t t h e S e c o nd as t h at k ing g r a nt s i n 1 3 8 6 t o S ir Wal t e r d e Ogilvy for h is s e rv i c e a n a nn ual r e nt o f t w e nt y 33 Cha t e rs of Rost e no t h Exc he que r Ro lls v o l i p 5 8 8 9 A nt A be r d a nd B a n v o l i v Re t o u s f or F o f r N OS 37 7 e n t it e
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ris ing t o him fro m t he t h anage o f Ky ng al t e vy in t he s h e r iffd o m o f F o rfa r b u t i t a pp e ars i n t h e 42 r e t o urs as a bar o ny T h e t h a na g e Of T a nna d y c e h o w e v e r was g r a nt e d by D a vi d t h e S e c o n d firs t t o P e t e r Pre n d e rg a s t a n d af t e rwards t o S ir J o h n d e Lo y a nd t h e h e i rs o f h is g b o dy t o b e h e ld bl a nk for p a y m e nt o f a re d fa lc o n ; a nd i n c o nne c t io n w it h t h is t h a nage we h a v e a m a nu m iss io n by t h e sam e m o n a rc h t h e t e rms o f w h i c h i t w ill b e i nt e r e s t ing t o pr e s e rv e I t is t e rm e d a c h a r t e r o f l ib e rt y a nd is addr e ss e d t o a ll g o o d m e n t o w h o m t h e s e pr e s e nt s may c o m e a nd p ro c e e d s t h us Be i t k no w n t o y o u t h a t w e h av e m a d e Will iam t h e s o n o f J o h n b e a r e r o f t h e s e pr e s e nt s wh o as we a re t o ld wa s o ur s e rf a n d n a t iv e m a n o f o ur t h an ag e o f T a nna d y c e w i t h i n t h e s h e ri ffd o m Of F o rf a r o ur fr e e ma n as w e ll as all wh o pr o c e e d fro m h i m s o t h a t h e a nd all pr o c e e d i ng fr o m him w i t h all his pr oge ny s h all b e fr e e t o dw e ll w it h in o ur k ing d o m w h e r e v e r h e w i ll a nd we g r a nt t o t h e sa i d Wi ll iam a nd all pr o c e e d ing fr o m h im t h at t h e y s h all 43 I n t he b e fre e a n d qu it Of all n a t iv e s e rv i t ud e in fu t ur e 44 r e t o urs t h is t h a nag e t oo app e a rs as a bar o ny A dj o i ni ng Ta nn a d y c e o n t h e e as t b u t o n t h e s o u t h ban k o f t h e r i v e r w a s t h e t h a nag e Of A be r le m e na c h o r A b e rl e m n o A m o ng t h e m iss ing c h ar t e rs o f K ing Ro b e r t Bruc e i s o n e t o Wi lli a m D ish ing t o n Of Balgass ie i n t h e t h a nage o f A b e r l e mn o c h e a n d t wo t o W ill ia m Blu nt o n e t e rm e d a ne b o u n d i ng i nfe ft Of t h e t h a n a g e Of A b e rl e m no c h e ,a nd t h e o t h e r o f 45 t h e ma i ns Of A b e rl e mn oc h e b o u n d ing ; b u t i n 1 36 5 K ing D a v i d t h e S e c o n d g r a n t s t o S ir Wi ll i a m d e D y ss c h y nt o n his l an ds o f Bal ma ny a nd m i ll Of A b e rle m na c h e a nd h is lan ds o f T o lyq u o nl o c h a n d t h e a nnu a l r e n t o f Fl e my ng t o n i n t h e 46 t h a nag e o f A b e rl e mn a c h e fo r m il it a ry s e rv i c e N o rt h o f ni ne
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s e par a t e d fr o m i t by t h e par i s h o f Br e c h in lay t h e t h a na ge o f M e n mu ir T h i s t h a nag e a pp e ars in t h e r e ign o f D av i d t h e S e c o nd as p o ss e ss e d by t h r e e p e rs ons fo r h e c o nfirms a c h ar t e r gra n t e d t o t h e prio r a nd ca no n s o f Ros t y n o t by A n dr e w D e mps t e r Fi nl a y s o n o f W ill ia m a nd J o h n d e Cullus l o rds Of t h e l a n ds Of M e n mu i r r e g ard i ng t h e t it h e s 47 o f t h e s e l a nds a n d i n t h e r e t o urs i t app e ars a s a b a r o ny On t h e s h o r e in t h e no r t h e as t c o r n e r o f A ng us was t h e t h an a g e o f Old M o n r o s o r M on r o s e a nd l ik e M o rp h i c t h i s t h a na ge was c o nn e c t e d w i t h a n a btha n r i e fo r K i ng William t h e Li on in h is fo u n d at i on c h ar t e r Of t h e m o na s t e ry o f Ab e rb ro t h ok i n clud e s i n his gr a n t t h e c h urc h o f S t M a ry w it h t h e c h ur c h la nd w h i c h i n S c ot c h i s o f Ol d M o nr o s c a ll e d A bt he n ; a nd i n a subs e qu e nt c h a rt e r g r a nt s t o Hu g o d e Ro b e s b u rg hi s cl e ri c t h e la n ds o f t h e abb a cy o f M u nr o s 48 t o b e h e ld o f t h e m o n as t e ry o f A rbr o a t h T wo t h a na g e s a re m e nt i o n e d i n cl o s e vi c ini t y t o i t On t h e s o u t h b a n k Of t he Esk wa s t h e t h a na ge Of Ky nn a b e r fr o m w h i c h a n a nnual r e nt o f s e v e n m e rks wa s grant e d by K i ng Ro b e r t I i n 1 3 2 5 t o D a v i d d e G r a m e ; a n d o n t h e s o u t h s i d e Of t h e wa t e r o f Lua n was t h e t h a nag e o f Ed e vyn n o w I d vi e s T wo t h ane s a re m e n t i o n e d vi z G ily s T h ay n d e Ed e vy in 1 2 1 9 a nd M a lys d e Ed e vy n in 1 2 5 4 b u t w e h a v e n o fur t h e r in fo rma 49 t io n w i t h r e ga rd t o e i t h e r On t h e s h o r e far t h e r s o u t h was t h e t h a n ag e Of I nve rk e ill o r T h i s t h a nag e a pp e ars as e a rly a s t h e r e ig n o f W ill i a m t h e L i o n t o h a v e b e e n h e ld fe ud ally by t h e fa m ily Of D e B e rk e l e y fo r Wa l t e r d e Be rk e l e y g ra nt s t o t h e c h urc h o f S a int M a c c o n o c o f I nn e rk e l e d ur (I nve rk e ill or) a nd M a s t e r H e n ry it s p a rs o n t h e k ing s cl e ri c a n d m in e t h e Gre se a n e a nd e v e ry s e rv i c e w h i c h t h e c h urc h lan d a nd t h e me n dw e ll ing t h e r o n w e r e w o nt t o r e nd e r t o t h e T h an e s Of I nve rk e il l or a nd a ft e rwards t o mys e lf ; a nd A b e rl e m no
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fre e s t h e m fro m t h e Gresc a ne a nd e v e ry ca ne a nd r e nt b e l o nging t o us o r t o a ny lay p e rs o n w it h t h e r igh t o f c o mm o n pas t ur age a l o ng w i t h him a nd h is me n t h r o u gh o u t t he w h ol e t e rr it o ry o f I nve rk e illo r T h is gr a nt i s c o nfirm e d by K i ng 50 Will iam a nd pr e s e nt s a n a nal og o us cas e t o t h a t o f A rb ut h no t w h o s e ca n e was pay a bl e by t h e k i rk t o n o r c h urc h l an d t o t h e t h a ne s a nd aft e rw a rds t o t h e f e udal l o rd Of t h e s o u t h e r n gro up o f t h a na g e s t h e m o s t w e s t e rly s it ua t e d i n t h e s o u t h w e s t c o rne r o f A ng us was t h e t h an age o f K a t h e ne s o r Ke t t i ns t h e o nly n o t i c e o f w h i c h is t h e app e a ra nc e in 1 2 6 4 o f Eu ge ni us t h ane o f Ka t h e ne s as p os 51 n s e ss ing a large gra g e ; b ut t h e r e app e ars t o h av e b e e n i n c o nne ct io n w it h it a n a bt ha nri e as c e r t a in lands in t h e par is h t h e la n ds c a ll e d A b d e n o f K e t ins are t e rm e d in t h e r e t o urs T h e y fo rm b u t a sm a ll p a r t o f t h e par is h t he large r p o rt ion pr obably fo rm ing t h e t h an age N o r t h e as t o f Ke t t ins a nd s e para t e d fr o m it by t h e pari s h o f N e w t yl e was t h e muc h m or e imp o r t a nt t h anage o f Gla mmis w h ic h p o ss e ss e s a c t i t io us int e r e s t fr o m i t s supp o s e d c o nn e c t io n w i t h t h e car e e r o f M acb e t h I t t o o mak e s it s firs t app e ara n c e in 1 2 6 4 w h e n we nd a paym e nt o f s i x t e e n m e rks t o t h e T h ane of G la mmis fo r t h e l a n ds o f Cl o fe r a n d C osse ny s sub t rac t e d fr o m t h e t h anage o f G lammis ; a nd i n 1 2 9 0 t h e s h e r iff o f F o rfa r acc o u nt s fo r t w e nt y s e v e n c o ws as t h e Wa y t i ng a o f o n e a nd a h alf nig h t s o f t h e t h a na g e o f G l a m m is dur ing t wo 52 A ft e r t h e war o f in d e p e nd e n y e ars c e t h is t h a nage app e ars t o h a v e r e maine d i n t h e h an ds o f t h e C r o w n t ill t h e r e ign o f Ro b e r t t h e S e c o n d w h e n i n t h e s e c o n d y e ar o f his r e ign h e gra nt s t o J o h n Ly o n his w h o l e la nds o f t h e t h a nage o f G l a mmis e r e c t e d i nt o a bar o ny w it h t h e b o n dm e n b o nd age s nat ive me n a nd t h e ir fo ll o w e rs a nd w it h t h e t e na nd rie s 53 a nd s e rv i c e s o f t h e fr e e h o ld e rs (libe re t e ne nc i um) ,
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w h ic h t h e o nly no t i c e i s a m iss ing c h ar t e r by K ing Ro b e r t Bruc e t o P a t r i ck h is pri nc ip a l p h ys i c ian Of t h e l a nds o f Bal ugill ac h ie w it h in t h e t h an age o f M o ni e t h b u t h e r e we l i k e w is e m e e t w it h a n a bt h a nri e t h e d is t i n c t io n h o w e v e r b e t w e e n t h e t wo i s h e r e appar e nt for during t he r e ign o f A l e x a n d e r t h e S e c ond we nd t h at t h e form e r was l ik e m o s t t h a nage s h e ld o f t h e C ro w n w h i l e t h e lat t e r b e l o ng e d t o t h e e arls Of A ngus T h us K ing A l e xan d e r n nually n t ra t s m s ry rbr h m e rks a o t h e n a e f A o a t t e n o t o g p a i d e ac h y e ar fro m his rma o r r e n t Of M o ni e t h ; w h il e M a lc o lm e arl o f A ngus in t h e sam e r e ign gra nt s t o N i c h o las s on o f Bric i us pri e s t o f K e rim ure a n d h is h e i rs i n fe e a nd 54 h e rit a g e t h e w h o l e la nd s o f t h e a bthe in o f M unife t h A dj o i ning M o ni e t h in t h e a dj ac e n t pari s h o f M o nik i e was t h e las t o f t h e Fo rfa rsh ire t h a n age s — vi z t h at o f D u ny o r D o w nie I n 1 3 5 9 t h e s h e riff c h a rg e s h i ms e lf w i t h n o t h ing fro m t h e t h anag e o f D uny b e c a us e i t was t h e n i n t h e h a nds Of t he e arl Of S ut h e rl a n d h e r it a bly t h r o u h h is m a rr ia e g g 55 wit h t h e k ing s s is t e r But a t t h e sam e t i m e w h e n Ro b e r t t h e S e c o nd e r e c t e d G l a mm is i nt o a b a r o ny i n f a v o ur o f J o h n Ly on he grant s a s imilar c h a r t e r in fav o ur o f S ir A l e x a n d e r d e Lynd e sa y o f a ll a n d wh o l e his l a n ds o f t h e t h a n ag e Of D o w ny e re c t e d i n t o a bar o ny w it h t h e b o ndm e n b o n dag e s na t iv e m e n a n d t h e i r f o ll o w e rs a n d w i t h t h e s e rv i c e s o f t h e 56 e e o fr h ld e rs (li bere t e ne ne i u m) o f t h e sai d bar o ny I n c on n e c t io n w i t h t h i s t h a na e we n h t n t t h was la d rm d d t e e e e e g M oo r o f D o w nie 57 C rossing t h e Firt h o f Tay a nd e nt e ring t h e pr o v in c e o f T h n ge s qi q nd Fife a nd Fo t h riff we nd t h e t h a nag e s fe w i n numb e r a n d E bt t Il a t s o m e d i s t a n c e fr o m e a c h o t h e r a nd t h i s ari s e s fr o m t h e land h avi ng b e e n e x t e n s iv e ly g ra nt e d a t a n e arly p e rio d of
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firs t Kinne ir i n t h e par is h o f K ilma ny We h a v e no e a rly no t ic e o f Kinne ir a s a t h a na e i t w a s a f t e rwa rd s a b a r o ny ; a nd a m o n b u t g g t h e la nds b e l o ng ing t o t h e bar o ny we nd m e nt io n o f t h e t ha i nis lan ds viz t h o s e o f S t ra b u rne F o rd e ll a n d Fo t h e ris In N o t far fro m it was t h e t h a na g e o f D e r ve si n o r D a irsy a c h ar t e r g ra nt e d by E r na ld b is h o p o f S t A ndr e ws t o t h e c h urc h Of S t A ndr e ws o f t h e c h urc h Of D e r ve sin w it h a carucat e o f l a n d i n t h a t t o w n s h ip i n his d e me s n e a m o ng t h e w i t ne ss e s i s Hy wa n s o n o f M a l c o t h e n T h a in d e D e r v e s i n ; a nd i n t h e r e t o urs i t app e a rs a s t he baro ny a nd 58 d e m e s n e lan ds o f D a irsie I n t h e par is h o f C a irnb e e no t fa r fr o m t h e s h o r e o f t he Fi r t h o f F o r t h we nd t h e Wh e n K ing D a v i d t h e Firs t g ra nt e d t o t h a na g e Of K e lly t h e pr i o ry o f M ay t h e l a n ds o f Ba l ug a llin t h e y w e r e p e ra m b ul a t e d a m o ng o t h e rs by M a l m u re T h a in d e C h e ll in or K e lly a nd a m ong t h e m iss ing ch ar t e rs o f Ro b e r t t h e Fi rs t 59 i s o n e t o Wi ll iam S e ward o f t h e b a r o n y Of K e lly I n Fo t h ri ff we nd i n t h e i nt e rio r t h e t h an ag e Of Fa lkl a n d m e nt ione d a t a v e ry e arly p e ri o d ; for am o ng t h o s e wh o p e rambula t e d t h e m a rc h e s b e t w e e n Ky rk n e ss a nd Lo c h o re i n t he r e ig n Of A l e xa n d e r t h e Fi rs t was M a c b e a t h T h a y n e t u s d e F alkl a nd 0 6 a n d we n d t h a t i t aft e rwards b e cam e a r oyal f o r e s t 61 Th e o nly o t h e r t h an a g e was t h a t o f K in r o ss We nd in 1 2 6 4 I d e Ky nr o s s s h e r i ff o f Ky n ross a cc o u nt i ng fo r t h e Way t ing a o f f o ur nigh t s i n t h e y e a r a m o u nt ing t o fo r t y F o t h riff
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c o ws b e s id e s p igs c h e e s e a nd g ra in T hi s burd e n i nd ic a t e s t h a t i t h a d b e e n a t h a n ag e a nd i t a pp e a rs a s suc h i n t h e r e ig n o f Rob e rt t h e Firs t w h e n a n in qu is it ion wa s h e ld a t K i nr o ss o n t h e 2 3d S e p t e mb e r 1 3 23 r e gard ing t h e l a n ds Of t h e fo r e s t o f K inr o ss a nd t h e s e l a n ds w e r e s e p a ra t e d fr o m I t a ft e r wards app e ars a s a bar o ny t h e t h a n ag e o f K i nr o ss w it h t h e cas t l e l a k e a nd shing s o f L o c h l e v e n C r o ss ing t h e r a ng e Of t h e Oc h ils a n d e nt e r ing t h e a n c ie nt T h n g mm nd o n e o f t h e e arl ie s t r e s id e n c e s E e a rld o m o f S t ra t h e rn e we i3 I n t he Of t h e Old S c o t t i s h k ing s a pp e ari ng as a t h a n a ge r e ign o f A l e x a nd e r t h e T h ird t h e t h a ne o f Fo r t e v io t h as t o an sw e r t o t h e k i ng for t w e n t y m e rks a nd we nd t h e s h e ri ff o f Pe rt h subs e qu e nt ly a cc o u nt ing for t h e fir ma o r r e nt 63 c h arge Of t h e la nd Of Will ia m o f F o r t e v i o t ; w h il e K ing Ro b e r t t h e Fi rs t g r a nt s i n 1 3 1 4 t o t h e c h urc h a n d c a n o ns Of I nc h a ffra y his l a nds o f C a rd nay a n d D ol c o ra c hy i n t h e 64 t h a n ag e o f F o r t e v i ot I t app e ars in t h e r e t o urs as a b a r o ny I n t h i s e a rld o m we m e e t fo r t h e firs t t im e wi t h a t h a n a ge h e ld o f t h e e a rl a nd n o t o f t h e C r o w n Th e f o u ndat io n c har t e r o f t h e a bb e y o f I nc h a ffray g r a nt e d by G ilb e rt e arl o f S t ra t h e rn e i n t h e y e ar 1 2 0 0 i s w it n e ss e d am o n t h e rs by o g A n e c h o l Th e inu s o r t h a ne Of D unin e n o w D u nning ; a nd i n a subs e qu e nt c h a r t e r t h e s a m e e a rl t e rms him A ne c h ol my t h a in o f D uny n I n 1 2 4 7 a c h art e r i s g r a nt e d by M a l is e e arl o f S t ra t h e rne t o t h e a bb e y o f I nc h a ffray o f t w e nt y m e rks a nnu a lly fr o m t h e t h ana ge o f D uny ne a nd Pe t ic a rne t o b e r e c e i v e d for a ll t i m e i n fu t ur e fr o m t h e h ands o f t h o s e wh o h o ld t h e s a i d l a nds fo r t h e t im e b e ing ; a nd in c o n rma t io n o f t h i s g ra nt h e addr e ss e s a man d a t e t o Bri c i us t h a n e o f D u nin t o se e t w e n t y m e rks a t D u nin fr o m t h e i rma f d ue t o t h e e arl pa id t o I nc h a ffray Th e d e sc e nt o f t h e s e ,
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asc e r t ai ne d fr o m t h e C h ar t ulary T h e m o s t p o w e rful fa m ily n e x t t o t h e e arls was t h at o f t he s e ne sc h als o r s t e wards o f S t ra t h e rne T h e y d e sc e nd fr o m G ille ne ss s e ne sc h al o f S t ra t he rne i n t h e t im e o f Ea rl G ilb e r t wh o h ad t wo s o n s — M al is e wh o a pp e a rs as s e ne sc h a l in 1 2 2 0 a nd A ne c hol wh o was t h a ne o f D uning Fr o m M a l is e pr o c e e d e d a l ine Of s e ne sc h als t h e succ e ss io n t o w h i c h wa s c a rri e d by a d a u gh t e r t o t he D rumm o nds A ne c h ol was succ e e d e d as t h a ne o f D uni ng by Eri cius wh o l ik e w is e app e ars as t h a ne o f D o ni ng ; b ut in t h e t i m e o f Ro b e r t e arl Of S t ra t h e rne t h e s o n o f M al is e t h e s e ne sc h als h ip h ad fa ll e n t o h i m l ik e w i s e a n d h e w i t ne ss e s a c h ar t e r o f t h a t e a rl as Eri ci us 65 Th e l a nds o f D uning a nd o t h e rs d e D u nin h is s e ne sc h a ll w e re e r e c t e d i nt o t h e bar o ny o f D unc rub in fa v o ur Of A n dr e w Ro ll o o f D unc rub i n 1 5 40 ; a n d am o ng t h e l a n ds 66 w e n d t h e t h a n e la n ds als o cal l e d Ed in d o ny ng One o f t h e c h a r t e rs by Ea rl G ilb e r t w h ic h is wi t n e ss e d by A ne c h ol t h a n e Of D u ni n i s l ik e w i s e w i t n e ss e d by D un c a nus T h a na s T h i s i s t h e o nly n o t ic e o f t h is t h a nag e b ut t h e d e S t rui n n a m e c o rr e sp o n ds w i t h t h a t o f t h e par i s h o f S t ro wa n o n t h e s o ut h b a n k Of t h e Ea r n a b o v e C r i e ff I t i s no w u ni t e d w it h t h e p a ri s h Of M o nz ie va ird fr o m w h i c h i t i s d iv i d e d by t h e riv e r I t was pr o b a bly a t h an ag e a ls o h e ld o f t h e e arl a n d t he Old fa m ily o f t h e T os c h a c h s o f M o nz ie va ird n o d o ub t 67 d e ri v e d t h e i r na m e a nd d e sc e n t f ro m i t s Tosc ha c h or t h a ne N o r t h o f t h e e arld o m o f S t ra t h e rne a nd w it h in t he range I t is o f t h e G r a m p i a n s lay t h e a n c i e nt e arld o m o f A t h o ll fr o m t h is d is t r ic t t h a t t h e r oyal dy na s t y e m e rg e d w h i c h t e r m i na t e d w it h A l e xa nd e r t h e T h i rd t h e fo u n d e r Of t h e h o us e h av i ng b e e n l ay a bb ot o f D unk e ld a nd p o ss e ss o r o f t he 68 a n d fr o m his s o n D u nca n pr o c e e d e d n o t a bt ha nr i e Of D ull t h ane s
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l ik e wis e t h e a nc ie nt e arls o f T he a bt ha nr i e o f D ull was a v e ry e x t e ns i v e d is A t h o ll t rie t a nd e mbrac e d a l a rg e p o r t i o n o f t h e w e s t e r n part o f t h e e arld o m a nd may b e v ie w e d as t h e o r ig inal p a t ri m o ny o f t h e r o y a l h o us e I t c o nt ai ne d Wit h i n i t t wo t h anag e s vi z t h o s e T h us we nd A l e x o f D ull a n d o f Fo t h e rgi ll n o w F ort inga ll a nd e r t h e S e c o nd i ssu ing a m a nd at e addre ss e d t o his t h e y ns a n d o t h e r g o o d me n o f D ul a n d F o rt e rk il i n w h i c h h e g ra nt s t o t h e can o ns o f S e e n t h e r ig h t o f t ak i ng mat e r i als fro m his t h a na g e s o f D ul a n d Fo rt e rk il fo r t h e w o rk a t t h e ir c h urc h o f 69 I n t h e r e ig n o f A l e xan d e r t he T h i rd we n d i n 1 2 6 4 S con A l a n t h e Ho st iary b o u nd t o a cc o u n t fo r t h e rnz a o f D ull a n d in 1 2 8 9 D u n c a n e arl Of Fi fe is Fi r ma r iu s or r e nt e r o f t h e mano r o f D ull t h e r e nt for t wo y e ars b e i ng ve h u n dr e d p o u nds 70 He i s als o k e e p e r o f t h e pris on s e v e n s h ill ings a n d fo urp e n c e o f D ull b u t w h i l e t h e a btha nr i e w i t h i t s t wo t h a na ge s i s t h us i n t h e C r o w n t h e c h urc h o f D ull w i t h it s c h a p e ls o f F o ss a nd Bra nb o t h i n G l e nly o n b e l o ng e d t o t h e e arls Of A t h o ll a nd was grant e d by M a lc ol m e arl o f A t h o ll t o t h e pr i o ry o f S t T h i s g r a nt A n dr e ws aft e r t h e d e a t h o f Will i a m h is cl e ri c i s c onfirm e d by t h e b i s h o p o f D u nk e ld r e s e rving a r ig h t t o h t t t h e x t e nt o f t e n m e rks t o a v i car a n d a n v la r i t e t e o e e g annual r e nt o f t w e nt y s h ill ing s d ue t o hi m a nd h is cl e rgy 71 B i n D i h n h fro m t h e A bt ha nri e Of D ull k av d c d t e S e o t e y g bail i ary o f t h e a btha i n o f D ull was grant e d t o J o h n D rum m ond a n d in h is r e ign t h e t h a na ge s b e ga n t o b e bro k e n up for h e g ra nt s a c h a r t e r t o J o h n d e Loo rn e a n d J a n e t his sp ous e a nd ou r c o us in o f t h e w h o l e lan ds Of G le nlion ; anot h e r t o D onald M Na y re o f t h e lands Of Est irfo ss a c h o r ly
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ul l w h ic h h a d b e e n r e s ig ne d by Hu go d e Ba rclay ; a nd a t h ird t o A l e xan d e r M e inz ie s o f t h e baro ny o f Fo t h e rg ill in t he c o u nt y Of P e r t h 7 2 Be s id e s t h e s e t h a na ge s h e ld o f t h e C ro wn we nd m e n t io n o f t wo h e ld o f t h e e arl o f A t h o ll a nd t wo o f t h e b i s h o p o f D u nk e ld On t h e n or t h b a nk o f Lo c h Tay wa s t h e t h a n a ge o f C ra nac h b ut i t no s oo ne r a pp e a rs in t he r e c o rds t h a n i t va nis h e s as a t h a nage fo r i t p a ss e d i nt o t h e M e nz ie s fam ily a nd am o ng t h e ir wr it s is a c h ar t e r by D av i d d e S t r a t h b ogie e arl o f A t h o ll a nd C o ns t abl e o f S c o t l a nd t o S i r Ro b e r t d e M e yg ne s k nigh t so n o f S ir A l e xan d e r d e M e yg ne s for h is h o m a ge a nd s e rvi c e o f t h e wh o l e t h a nag e o f C ra na c h in t h e e a rld o m o f A t h o ll w i t h t h e l a n ds o f C ra na c h A c h m o re Ky nk no c t h e t wo K e t h e ro we s a nd A c h n e c hro is h as a fe ud a l h o ld ing fo r m ili T h e o t h e r t h a na g e lay in t h e val l e y o f G le nt il t t a ry s e rv i c e n e ar Bla ir a n d o f i t we h av e m o r e par t i culars Th e e a rld o m o f A t h o ll h ad b e c o m e v e s t e d in t h e p e rs o n o f Ro b e r t S t e ward Of S c o t la n d a n d b e fo r e h e succ e e d e d t o t h e t h r o ne i n 1 3 7 1 h e g r a nt s a c h a r t e r as Lo rd o f A t h o ll w h ic h i s u n d a t e d t o Eug e n ius t h an e o f G l e nt il t bro t h e r o f Re gin ald o f t h e I sl e s o f t h e w h o l e t h a na g e o f G l e n t il t b e i ng t h r e e d a va c hs o f l a nd fo r his fait h ful s e rv ic e t o b e h e ld o f h im in fe e a nd h e rit ag e fo r e v e r for paym e nt Of e l e v e n m e rks i n m o n e y a nd t h e car ria e o f f o ur h o rs e s o n c e a y e ar fo r h u n t in g g in t h e fo r e s t o f T h e r e i s a pr o vis ion t h a t s h o uld Be n c ro mb y if d e m a n d e d t h e y e arly v a lu e o f t h e t h anage a t a ny t im e not r e ac h t h e sum o f e l e v e n m e rks h e is t o pay suc h sum a s may b e fix e d by a n ass iz e o f t h e inh a b it a nt s o f S t ra t hguy e a nd o f t h o s e dw e ll ing i n t h e t h a nage T h e r e is t h e n a r e t o ur a t Logy ra it e i n t h e c o ur t o f t h e e arl o f A t h o l e by w h i c h o n 2 9 t h J uly 1 4 5 7 A n dr e w d e G le nt ilt i s s e r ve d h e ir t o hi s fa t h e r J o h n l e t h a ne d e G l e nt ilt i n t h e la n ds Of Pe t na c re fe i n S t ra t h g uay ; a nd a c h ar t e r Of sal e i n 1 4 6 1 by A ndr e w t h a ne o f G l e nt ilt a b t ha nri e o f
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l a n ds Of A c h na mark m o r e t o b e he ld Of h ims e lf a nd t his i s fo ll o w e d by a not a ri al i ns t rum e nt t a k e n o n t h e sal e by F i n lay l e t h a n e d e G l e n t il t so n a nd h e ir Of t h e l a t e A n dr e w l e t h a n e d e G l e nt il t o n 2 7 t h A pr il 1 6 4 7 o f t h e r ig h t o f r e v e rs i o n o f t h e s e lan ds fo r t w e nt y p o u nds pay a bl e in o n e d a y b e t w e e n su nri s e a n d s un T h e re i s t h e n a pr e c e p t o f sas ine by Findlay t h ane o f se t G le nt il t i n fav o ur Of N e ill S t e w a r t o f Fo t h e rgill as so n a nd h e ir o f N e ill S t e war t o f Fo t h e rgill o f t h e lan ds o f A c h na mark m o r e g ive n a t G l e nt ilt o n 4t h J u ne 1 5 0 0 i n pr e s e nc e o f J oh n Th a ne son a nd h e ir app a re nt o f Findlay a nd o n 1 3t h A u gu s t 1 5 0 1 a c h art e r o f s a l e by F inlay t h an e o f G l e nt ilt We h av e t h e n t o El e no r e c o u nt e ss Of A t h o ll Of Kin c ra igy t wo c h ar t e rs Of e v e n dat e g ra nt e d by J o h n e a rl o f A t h o ll a nd sup e ri o r Of A ll a nd Wh o l e t h e la n ds o f t h e T ha n a g i u m A bna t hi e o r t h e t h a n e d o m o f G l e nt ilt t o J oh n S t e war t h is s on a n d h e i r o f t h e sa i d la n ds T ha n a g i i A bna t hi e o r l e t h a ne d o m o f G l e nt il t w h i c h fo rm e rly b e l o ng e d t o Finlay To sc hac h t h a ne Of G l e nt il t a nd w h i c h h e v o lu nt ar ily re signe d as is pr o v e d t o us by his c o rp o ral o at h sw o r n o n Th e e arl s s e al a nd t h e s e al Of t he h o ly e vange ls Of G o d Finlay T osc h ac h a re app e nd e d a t D u nk e ld t h e l a s t d a y o f May 1 5 0 2 a n d t h e s e c h ar t e rs a re c o nfirm e d by a c h a r t e r u nd e r t he G r e a t S e al o n 2 d J uly 1 5 0 2 o f t h e t h a nag e wit h t he b o n dm e n b o n d a ge s na t iv e m e n a n d t h e ir i ssu e 7 3 A cc o rd i ng t o t h i s c h art e r t h e t h a nage c o nt ai ne d s e v e nt e e n t o w n s hips includ ing t h e t wot e na nd rie s o f A c h na mark m ore a nd Kinc raigy giv i ng a n a v e rag e o f ab o u t t h e s ix t h par t o f a davac h t o e ac h t o wn s h ip ; a nd we h e r e se e t h e fam ily w hi c h o ri inally d e sc e n d e d fr o m t h a t Of t h e I sl e s t h d p t i n e a o g g n am e o f T o s c h ac h fr o m t h e i r d e s i na t io n o f T h an e F r o m g
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d o ub t pr o c e e d e d t h e M I nt osh e s o f T iriny i n G l e n t il t w h i c h is i nclud e d am o ng t he la nds o f t h e t h a nage 7 5 We nd m e nt ion o f t wo o t h e r t h a na e s in A t h o ll b ut i t is no t g v e ry cl e ar w h e t h e r t h e y w e r e h e ld u nd e r t h e e arl o r u nd e r t h e b i s h o p o f D u n k e ld K ing Will iam t h e L i o n c o nfirms t o t h e c h urc h a n d ca no ns o f S c o ne a g ra nt m ad e t o t h e m by M alc o lm e arl o f A t h o ll o f t h e c h urc h o f Loginma h e d d , no w L ogie rai t w it h it s c h a p e ls o f Kilc h e mi D unfol e nt hi Ke l kass in a nd K e lmi c h e ld e T ulimat h a nd w it h all it s o t h e r lawful p e r t ine nt s b ut J o h n b is h o p o f D u nk e ld grant s a nd c onfirms t o t h e abb o t s a nd ca nons o f S c onie t h e c h urc h o f Lo gy mah e d d i n A t h o ll w it h t h e full t i t h e s b e ne c e s a nd r igh t s lawfully p e r t a i ning t o sai d c h urc h viz o f Ba t h w h i c h i s t h e c hi e f s e a t o f t h e e a rld o m (c ap u t c omi ta t us) a nd Of t h e w h o l e t h a nage o f D ul mony c h an d o f t h e w h o l e t h anag e o f Fa nd u fui t h a nd w it h t h e s e c h ap e ls Kylk e my D un fol unt y n Kil c assy n K il mic h e ll o f T ulic h m at a nd all p e r t ine nt s o f sai d c h a p e ls a nd a t o ft i n Logyn w it h c o mm o n p a s t ur e a s is c o nt ai n e d in a c h ar t e r o f Earl H e nry 7 6 T he Ra t h or fo r t i s s t ill v is ibl e o n a h e igh t b e t w e e n t h e t wo r iv e rs a t t h e j u n c t ion o f t h e Tay a nd t h e Tumm e l a nd t h e m o d e r n na m e s o f t h e plac e s w h e r e t h e f o ur c h a p e ls w e r e s it ua t e d a re K ill i c h angie D unfall a nd y Killic h as sy a nd T ullime t a nd t h e y a re all w i t h in t h e pari s h o f L ogi e ra it b ut t h e t wo t h a nag e s s e e m n o t t o h av e b e e n includ e d i n Ea rl M alc olm s c h ar t e r a nd are s it ua t e d w it h i n t h e t e rri t o ry t e rm e d t h e b i s h o pri c o f D u nk e ld n o w t h e pari s h o f L it t l e D u nk e ld fo r Fa nd ufuit h is n o w Fa nd o wie in S t ra t h b ra a n a n d D al mo ny c h is probably D a lma rnoc h o n t h e s o u t h ban k Of t he Ta y i n t h e sam e pari s h We h av e no o t h e r no t i c e o f t h e s e t h anage s B e t w e e n t h e e arld o m o f A t h o ll a nd t h e pro v inc e o f Fife t h e m no
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s e parat e d fro m t h e lat t e r by t h e Fir t h o f ry I n t h e a cc o unt Of t he s e v e n Tay lay t he e arld o m o f C o w pr o vi nc e s o f S c o t land pr io r t o t h e S c o t t is h c o nqu e s t t h is e arld o m f o rm e d o ne pr o v in c e al o ng w it h t h a t o f A t h o ll ; b u t aft e r t h e S c ot t is h dy na s t y wa s s e a t e d o n t h e t h ro ne i t wa s at t ac h e d t o t he pr o v in c e o f Fife a nd Fo t h riff I t wa s t h e h e art o f t h e king d om as w it h in i t was s it ua t e d t h e r oyal s e a t o f S c o ne w h e r e as F o rd un rig h t ly t e lls us b o t h t h e S c ot t is h a n d Pi c t i s h k ing s h ad w h il o m e s t a bl is h e d t h e c h ie f s e at o f go v e rnm e nt ; a nd fro m a n e a rly p e r io d it app e ars t o h a v e b e l o nge d t o t h e r o y a l fam ily a s B o w e r mak e s t h e curio us s t at e m e nt t h a t A l e xand e r t h e Firs t h a d r e c e i v e d a t h is bap t i sm as a d o nat io n fr o m h is fat h e r s br o t h e r t h e e arl w h e r e aft e r o f C o wry t h e la nds o f Ly ff a nd I nve rgo wry h e b e cam e k ing h e b e g a n t o bu ild a p a l a c e a n d fi n ally c onfe rre d t h e m up o n t h e abb e y Of S c o ne T h e s e l a nds are i n fac t c o n t a in e d i n t h e f o u nd a t i o n c h ar t e r o f S c o ne by A l e xa nd e r t h e Fi rs t a nd t h at t he e a rld o m ha d b e e n t h e appa nage o f D onald Ba ne wh o al o ne c a n b e m e a nt is p ro 77 bably t ru e e no u g h I n t h e r e ign Of M alc o l m t h e Fo ur t h wh o c o n firms t h e fo u nd a t io n c h a r t e r Of A l e xan d e r t h e Fi rs t we nd m e n t ion o f t h e f o ur r o y a l ma n o rs o f G o u e rin o r G o wry pay ing Ca n t o t h e k ing a nd t h e s e w e r e S c o n or S c o ne C ub e r t o r C o up a r A ngus F o rg ru nd o r Lo ng fo rgan a n d S t ra t h e rd e l ; a nd t h e s e app e ar t o h a v e b e e n l ik e w is e r o y a l t h a nag e s T h us A l e xan d e r t h e S e c o n d gra nt s t o t h e can ons o f S c o n e i n e xc h a ng e for t it h e s w h i c h t h e y e xac t e d fr o m t h e l a nds o f Fo rgr und o ne ne t Of h is sh ings i n t h e t h a n a e o f S c o ne g a nd
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T HE
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T HEI R EXT I NCT ION
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s h e r iff o f S t irl ing ; a nd t h e sam e D ufo t ir wi t n e ss e s a c h ar t e r o f K i n g D av i d t o t h e c h urc h o f G las go w as D ufo t e r d e C a l a t ria A b o u t 1 1 9 0 a pp e a rs D o m inus A l wy n us 83 d e K a l e nt e r A c h ar t e r by H e rb e r t s o n o f H e rb e r t d e C am e ra o f a h a lf c a ruca t e Of la n d i n h is t e rrit o ry o f D um frie s c o ns is t ing o f fo ur b o vat e s o r o x ga ng s ne ar Lo uc hb a ne i s w it ne ss e d by M a lc o lm t h an e Of Ka l e nt yr a n d Al e xa nd e r t h e S e c o n d gra nt s t o t h e ca no n s o f H o lyr oo d i n fe n farm his wh o l e la nds o f Kal e nt y r w h i c h h ad b e e n i n his h a nds s i nc e t h e day o n w h i c h h e ass ig ne d t o M alc o lm fo rm e rly t h a ne Of Ka l e n t y r fo r t y p o u n d la nds i n Kal e nt yr w h i c h lands a re r e s e rv e d t o t h e s a id t h ane T h e n we nd t h e old t h a nag e c onv e r t e d int o cr o w n d e m e s ne a nd t he t h a ne b o u gh t o ff w it h a fe udal h o ld ing I n t h e sam e r e ig n a c h ar t e r by M a l d o u e n e arl o f L e nno x i s w it ne ss e d by P T h a ne o f Ka l e nt y r ; a nd a m iss ing c h ar t e r Of K i ng D av i d t h e S e c on d t o Wi ll i am Li v i ng s t o n o f t h e l a n ds o f Gall a nt e r by for fe it ure Of Pa t r i ck C a l e nt y re app e ars t o t e rm in at e t h e l in e o f t h e t h ane s a n d t o i n d i ca t e t h e c o nv e rs io n o f t h e la nds i nt o a bar o ny i n fa v o ur o f t h e L iv i ng s t o n fam ily 84 A c h ar t e r grant e d by D avi d t h e Firs t b e fo re his succ e ssio n t o t h e t h r o n e w h e n t h e pr o v i nc e o f L o t h ia n a nd t h e an ci e nt C umbri a n k i ng d o m w e r e u n d e r h is rul e a nd addr e ss e d t o a ll 85 h i s fait h ful T eg us a n d D re ng s o f L o t h ia n a nd T e vi o t d ale s h o ws t h at a ny t h a ne s wh o app e ar i n t h e s e d is t ri c t s w h e r e t h e p o pul a t i o n was e nt ir e ly A ngl i c b e l o ng t o t h e S ax o n o rga nisa t i o n a n d h a v e no c o nne c t io n w it h t h e m o r e n o r t h e rn t h a na ge s We h av e s e e n t h at t he t e rm T h a ne in c o nne c t io n w it h t h a t p o r t i on o f t h e cr o w n la nd no r t h Of t he Fi r t h s o f Fo rt h a nd C lyd e call e d a t h a n a e a nd c o n s i d e r e d as cr o w n d e g 83 Cha rt ula y of C a mbus ke nne t h p 10 8 ; C h t of H o ly r oo d p 5 1 ; R ob e rt s on s I nd e x 38 ; C h r t of pp 25 0 1 9 9 ; Cha t of G la sg o w by
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m e s ne was t h e e qu i val e nt o f t h e G a e l ic Toi sec h o r Tosc ha c h nd t h i s w o rd T osc ha c h us e d in S c o t la nd in b ut we als o c o mb inat ion w it h t wo o t h e r w o rds ne arly r e s e mbl ing e ac h o t h e r a nd t h us f o rm i ng t h e t wo d e no m ina t io n s o f Tosc ha e hd or a nd Tosc ha c hd e ra in d ica t i ng i n t h i s fo rm a p e rs o n a n d in t h e fo rm o f Tosc ha c hd or a c h t a nd T osc ha eh d era eht a n Of c e jus t as t h e fu nct io n o f t h e T oi s e c h i s e xpr e ss e d i n t he I ri s h sy s t e m by Toisec he a c ht S ir J oh n S k e ne in h is t re a t is e D e V e rboru m S ig ni c a t i one giv e s u n d e r t h e w o rd Tosc he od e ra c he s e v e ral i nt e rpr e t a t io n s o f it He says t h at i t was a ne o f c e o r j uris d i c t io n no t u nl ik e t o a b a ill iarie e sp e ci ally in t h e I l e s a nd Hie la nd e s S o m e a ll e agi s i t t o b e a n e Offic e p e r t a ining t o e x e cu t io n o f s umm o nd is U t h e rs u n d e rst a n dis t h e sam e t o b e a ne cro w ne r Las t summ e un d e rst a nd is it t o b e a ne s e a rc h o ur a nd t a k e r o f t h i e v e s a nd l i mm e rs But i t is o bvi o us fro m his r e fe r e n c e s t h a t h e c o n fo u n ds t h e t wo Offic e s t o ge t h e r Th e Tosc ha c hd or a c ht was t h e o ffic e l ik e a bail i ary a nd t h e Tosc ha ehd or was c o ns id e r e d t h e e qu i val e nt o f t h e c o r one r a nd t h i s Offic e wa s m a inly c o n fi ne d t o t h e H ig h la n ds a nd I sla n ds T he Tosc ha c hd e ra h e r igh t ly e xpl a i ns i n h is N o t e s t o t h e Old L aws as a n am e g iv e n by t h e o rigina l S c o t s a nd I ris h t o t he se rj e a nd o r s e rv it o r Of c o ur t wh o p u t t h e l e t t e rs o f c i t at ion i n fo rc e a nd t h a t t h i s o f c e was c o mm o nly c a ll e d a ne M a i r o f Fe e 86 We nd t h e t wo Offic e s e x is t e d d is t inc t fro m e ac h o t h e r i n t h e I sl e Of M an a nd t h is t h r ows s om e l igh t up o n it T h a t i sl a n d was d iv i d e d i nt o s ix s h e ading s a nd e ac h s h e ad in t h e h ad w f c rs Th firs t was t o o f i e e g c o r o ne r a nd t h i s Offic e says M r Tra in i n h is H is t ory of t he I sle of M a n is Of t h e h ig h e s t a nt i qu it y i n t h e i slan d He i s call e d i n M anks T oshi ag h J i oa reg or c h ie f ma n o f t h e l a w T he re i s l ik e w is e says M r Tra in a n o f c e r o f u nk no wn ,
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w it h i n t h e a bb e y Of A rbr oa t h by A l e xa n d e r t h e S e c o n d a n d in 1 38 4 t he a bb o t o f A rbr o at h c o nfe rs t h e Offic e o f D ere t hg of T e r wa s up on T h o m a s d e Loc ha ne a nd t h e h e i rs Of h is b o dy i n p e r 93 nd b e s i d e s I n t h e t h anag e o f F e t t e rcairn we p e t ui t y t h e t h a ne st o n o r m e nsal la n d Of t h e t h a ne a n o t h e r p o r t i o n 94 t e rm e d D e r a g l a nds o r t h e p o ss e ss io n o f t h e T osc ha c hd e ra T h e s e n ot i c e s w i ll b e suf c ie nt t o S h o w t h e e x is t e nc e o f t h i s o ffic e i n c o nn e c t io n w i t h t h e t h a n a e s t o w h ic h a p o r t io n o f g t he la n d was a ss ig ne d as Offic i al d e m e s n e We h av e n ow c o mpl e t e d o u r surv e y o f t he t h a nag e s Re sult of w h i c h surv iv e d t he war o f i nd e p e n d e n c e a nd we t h us s e e t h a t t h e r e e x is t e d in t h e e as t e r n L o wl a nds i s o lat e d t e rr i t o ri e s sc a t t e r e d h e r e a nd t h e r e am o ng t h e fe udal h o ld ing s s t ill b e a ring t he na m e Of Tha nag i u m a nd pr e s e rving m a ny o f t he c h a rac t e ri s t ics o f t h e o ld e r Ce l t ic t r ib e The s e t h anag e s duri ng t h e p e ri o d o f t h e rul e o f t h e k i ng s o f t h e rac e of D av i d t h e Firs t w e re c o n s id e r e d as f o rm ing par t o f t h e cr o w n d e m e s ne a n d w e r e h e ld o f t h e king s by p e rs o n s c a ll e d T h a ne s in fe u farm for paym e n t o f a n annual firma re nt or fe n du t y b u t t h e ir c o nne c t io n w i t h t h e an ci e nt t rib e lands is in d i ca t e d by t h e fac t t h a t t h e f e uar b e aring t h e S a x on n am e Of T h a ne was l ik e w is e k no w n by t h e C e l t i c nam e Of T osc ha c h a n d t h e r e fo r e r e pr e s e nt e d t h e a n c ie nt Toi se c h o f t h e T u a t h o r t ri b e a nd t h at his a n nual fe u du t y was l ik e w is e k no w n by t h e C e l t i c na m e Of Ca i n usu a lly am ou nt ing t o ab o u t t w e lv e m e rks w hil e t h e l a nd was subj e c t t o a no t h e r burd e n t e rm e d Conve t h a nd a ft e rwards Wa t i n a y g w hic h was no o t h e r t h an t h e Coi nmhe dha o r Coigny Of t h e I ris h t ri b e s T h e s e t h a na e s h a d t h e r e fo r e Obv io usly r e plac e d g ,
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m o r e a nc ie nt Tu a th a nd w h at was no w r e g ard e d a s cro w n lan d was t h e a nc ie nt t rib e t e rrit ory I t var i e d i n s iz e a s d id t h e I r is h T u a t h I t s pri nc ip a l m e asur e o f la nd b o re t h e C e l t i c nam e o f D avac h a n am e als o r e t a i ne d w h e n t h e la n d h ad pass e d int o fe udal h o l d ing s Eac h d avac h c o nt aine d fo ur pl o u gh gat e s e qu ival e nt t o t h e I ris h Ra lly a nd t h e W e ls h Tref a nd t h e fo ur t h par t o f t h e pl ou gh g at e s e e ms t o h av e fo rm e d t h e sm a ll e s t h o ld ing a n d b e e n k no w n by t h e C e l t ic t e rm o f Ra t h Th e s i z e o f t h e s e t h an age s o r t rib e t e rr it o ri e s h e ld Of t h e C r o w n var ie d fr o m t w e lv e t o s i x d a va c h s a nd t h o s e h e ld o f t h e e arls s e e m i n g e n e r a l no t t o h av e e xc e e d e d t h r e e Part Of t h is t e rrit o ry wa s h e l d by t h e t h a ne o r T osc ha c h i n d e m e s ne a n d was k no w n as t h e T h a ne s t o w n o r t h a ne s l a n ds a nd was cul t i va t e d by b o ndm e n o r prae d ia l s e rfs o f w h o m t h e r e w e r e t wo k inds t h e bond u s o r o ccup ie r o f a s e rv il e t e ne m e nt u sually t o t h e a m o u nt i n g fo ur t h par t o f a pl o ugh g at e o r t o w ns h ip a nd t h e n at iv e ma n wh o wa s s e rv il e by rac e A no t h e r par t o f t h e t h a nage c o n s is t e d o f t e na n d rie s o r fr e e t e ne m e nt s h e ld u nd e r t h e t h ane by a cl a ss o f sub v a ss a ls call e d li be re t e ne nt e s o r fre e h o ld e rs fo r paym e nt o f a Ca i n o r fe u du t y a n d t h e s e w e r e l ik e wi s e k no wn by t h e Ce l t i c n a me o f Oc t /t ig e r n t h e e qu ival e nt o f t h e I r i s h Oe la c h T h e y w e r e i n fa c t t h e l o w e r o f t h e t wo d iv i sio ns o f t h e F la i t h or nobl e s o f t h e I ris h t r ib e c o ns is t ing o f t h e A i re a rd a n d t h e A i re d e sa w h il e fro m t h e upp e r d iv i s ion t h e Ri Tu a t h o r T oi sec h as t h e c a s e m igh t b e wa s c h o s e n a nd w h e n we nd t h e t e rrit o r i al n a m e o f D y c e c on ne c t e d w i t h s o m e Of t h e t h a na e s as F o rdyc e i n t h e t h a na e g g Of t h e B o y ne D yc e in t h a t o f K i nt o r e Ta nna d y c e i n t h e t h a na ge o f t h e sam e na m e we c a n h a rdly av o i d r e c o gni s ing t h e D ei s o r pr iv a t e pr o p e r t y w h i c h c o n s t it u t e d t h e b a s i s o f t h e Gra d F la t h o r t e rrit o ri a l n o bl e s o f t h e t r i b e Be t w e e n t h e class o f fr e e h o ld e rs a n d t h e s e rv il e class par t o f t h e l a nd wa s o ccup ie d by t h e li beri j irma r ii or fr e e ,
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farm e rs wh o h a d a m e r e usufruc t o f t h e ir p o ss e ss io ns w h i c h varie d i n s i z e fro m t h e t e na nd ry t o t h e small h o ld ing o f t wo T h s farm rs o x g a ngs o r t h e fo ur t h p a r t o f a pl o u g h a t e e e e g usually h e ld up o n t h e sys t e m t e rm e d t h e S t e e lb o w w h e n t h e s t o ck a nd i mpl e m e nt s b e l ong e d t o t he pro pr ie t o r a nd w e r e h an d e d o v e r t o t h e t e nant during h is o ccupa t ion o f t he l and wh o was b ou n d t o r e t ur n a n e qual v a lu e a t t h e t e rm i na t i o n o f his t e nur e his r e nt b e ing usually p a i d i n kin d T h i s t e n ur e cl o s e ly r e s e mbl e d t h at o f t h e S a e r or Ce i le o f t h e I ris h t rib e w h il e t h e D a e r o r b o n d Ce i le w e r e r e pre s e nt e d b y t h e Rand i or o ccup ie rs o f a s e rv il e h old ing in t h e t h a n ag e A no t h e r p o r t io n o f t h e t h a n a g e was t h e c h urc h la nd Wh e n t h e ch urc h c o ns is t e d m e r e ly o f t h e Oil] o r par is h c h urc h it was k no wn as t h e Te rr a e e c lesi ce k irk t o n o r Pe t t int agga rt a nd was cul t iv a t e d by t h e S c olo e s wh o pai d Ca i n t o t h e t h a ne a n d Conve t h t o t h e b i s h o p i n w h o s e d io c e s e i t was I t g e ne ra lly v a rie d in s i z e fro m a h alf dav a c h t o a h alf pl ou gh ga t e b ut w h e n a C o lumb a n m o nas t e ry h ad b e e n fo u n d e d i n t h e t h ana ge it was o f l a rge r e x t e nt a nd fe ll i nt o lay h ands u n d e r t h e nam e o f a bba t i e o r a bt ha nri e paying h o w e v e r b o t h Ca i n a nd Co nve th t o t h e c h urc h T h is wa s i n fa ct t h e t e rmon la n ds Of t h e I ri s h t r ib e La s t ly w h a t h ad o riginally b e e n t he was t e l a nd o f t h e t rib e b e cam e k no w n as t he fo r e s t a nd b e c a m e d iss o c iat e d fr o m t h e cul t i I t e it h e r f o rm e d t h e subj e c t o f va t e d la nd o f t h e t h a na ge a s e p a rat e gra nt o r was r e t a ine d as a royal fo r e s t ,
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m e at h by marr iag e w it h t he daug h t e r a nd h e i re ss o f J o h n L o rd o f L o rn b e fo re 1 3 8 8 t he L o rds o f t h e I sl e s w e r e l e f t w i t h o ut a r iv a l i n t h e i r rul e o f t h e G a e l i c p o pul a t i o n Of A r g y ll a nd t h e I sl e s J o h n Lo rd Of t h e I sl e s h a d by his firs t m a r ria g e w i t h A m i e M a c Ru a ri e t h r e e s o n s J o h n G o dfr e y a n d Ba nal d ; a nd by his s e c o n d marriag e w it h t h e L a dy M a rg a r e t S t e war t l i k e w is e t h r e e s on s D o na ld J o h n a n d A l e xa nd e r ; a n d w h e n Ro b e r t t h e H igh S t e w a rd succ e e d e d t o t h e t h r o ne i n 1 3 7 0 h is i nfl ue nc e l e d t o a n a rra ng e m e nt by w h i c h t h e c h ildr e n o f t h e L o rd o f t h e I sl e s by h is s e c on d m a rriag e who w e re t h e k ing s gr a n ds ons w e r e t o b e pre fe rre d t o t h e c h ildr e n o f t h e firs t m a rri a e i n t h e succ e ss i o n t o t h e I sl e s w h il e t h e g p oss e ss io ns Of t h e M a c Rua rie fa m ily w h i c h h e h ad i nh e r i t e d t h r o u g h h is firs t w ife w e re t o b e s e cur e d t o t h e firs t fam ily as t he pri c e o f t h e ir a cqu ie sc e nc e A cc o rdi ngly i n t h e firs t y e ar o f hi s r e ign Ki ng Ro b e r t c o n firms t o J o h n L o rd o f t h e I sl e s t he t e rri t o ry o n t h e m a i nl a n d a nd t h e I sl e s wh ic h h ad b e l ong e d t o A l a n son Of Ro d e r i c a n d in t h e fo ll o w i ng y e ar c o nfirms a g r a nt by t h e Lo rd o f t h e I sl e s Of t h e s e p o ss e ss io ns t o hi s s o n Re ginal d t h e y o u ng e s t o f t h e t h r e e br o t h e rs wh o app e ars t o h av e a g r e e d t o t h e arra ng e m e nt t h e e ld e s t son J o h n h aving pre d e c e as e d h is fa t h e r a nd t h e s e c ond ,G o dfre y h a ving appare nt ly re fus e d t o surre nd e r h is r igh t s ; a nd a fe w y e a rs lat e r c h a r t e rs a re g ra nt e d t o t h e Lo rd o f t h e I sl e s a nd t o t h e h e irs o f hi s m a rr i ag e w i t h M a rga r e t t h e k i ng s d a ugh t e r o f t h e i slan d o f Co l o ns a y w i t h i t s p e r t ine nt s a nd t h e l a nd s o f L o c h a b e r K i nt yr e a nd o ne h a lf o f K n apdal e On t h e d e a t h o f t h e L o rd o f t h e I sl e s i n 1 38 0 Re g in ald fulfill e d his e ng a g e m e n t by caus i n D o n ald t o b e r e c o n i s e d as L o rd o f g g t h e I sl e s a nd h av i ng h im i n au g ur a t e d by t h e usu a l C e l t i c s o l e mnit ie s as suc h ; w h il e G o dfre y app e a rs t o h a v e for a t i m e m a i nt a i ne d h is r ig h t t o h is m o t h e r s i nh e ri t an c e w h i c h h o w e ve r wa s s oo n e x t i ng u is h e d by t h e fa ilure o f h e irs m a l e D o na ld t hus app e ars t o h a v e e n t e re d p e ac e ably i nt o p os ,
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s e ss io n o f t he l o rds h ip o f t h e I sl e s a nd his marriage w i t h M arga r e t d augh t e r o f Wal t e r L e sly e arl o f Ro ss add e d a cl a im t o t h at e arld o m o n t he d e at h o f h e r bro t h e r A l e x a nd e r e arl o f Ro ss wh o l e ft a n o nly daug h t e r wh o b e cam e a nu n T h is claim b e i ng c o nt e s t e d by t h e Re g e nt D uk e o f A lba ny w ho h a d o b t a ine d a r e nu n c ia t ion fro m t h e nun l e d t o t h e f H a rl a w w h e r e t h e w h o l e f o rc e o f t h e W e s t e r n r a ba t l e t t e o g H ighlands a nd I sl e s a s w e ll as t h o s e o f t h e e arld o m was p it t e d aga i ns t t h e G o v e r nm e nt ; a nd t h o u g h t h e i ssu e o f t he bat t l e wa s d o ub t ful t h e L o rd o f t h e I sl e s ma int a ine d h is p os s e ss io n o i t h e e arld o m a nd his t it l e as Earl Of Ro ss wa s e v e n t ua l ly adm it t e d a n d h e w a s succ e e d e d i n 1 4 20 by h is s o n A l e x a n d e r as Ea rl o f Ro ss a n d L o rd o f t h e I sl e s T he p o s i t io n o f t he Lo rds Of t h e I sl e s as v i r t ually i nd e p e nd e nt rul e rs o f ne arly t h e w h o l e o f t h e H ig h l a n ds w i t h t h e I sl e s was no w s o p o w e rful t h a t t h e i r au t h o r it y a nd t h a t o f t h e C r o w n cam e i nt o c o n s t a nt c o ll is i o n a n d i t is n e c e ssary fo r o u r purp o s e t h a t t he l e ad ing i nc i d e nt s s h o uld b e s h o r t ly s t a t e d On t h e acc e ss io n o f J am e s t h e Firs t i n 1 4 24 h e app e ars t o h av e s t re ngt h e ne d his par t y agai ns t t h e fa m ily o f t h e Re g e nt A lba ny by c o nfirm ing t he w id o w o f t h e Lo rd o f t h e I sl e s a nd h e r so n A l e xa nd e r in t h e e a rld o m o f Ro ss ; a nd t h e la t t e r as Lo rd o f t h e I sl e s a nd M as t e r o f t h e e a rld o m Of Ro ss sa t up o n t h e j ury w h i c h c o nd e nrne d M urd o c h D uk e o f A lba ny a nd hi s fa t h e r i n law t h e Earl o f L e nno x t o d e a t h ; b u t a ft e r his O bj e c t wa s a t t a ine d t h i s v i o r o us m o na rc h s e e m e d t o fe e l t he g n e c e ss it y o f brin in H h l t h i a n ds m o r e u nd e r his c o n t r o l e g g g T he m o d e by w h i c h h e e n d e av o ure d t o a cc om pl is h t h is was c h a ra c t e r is t ic He summ o ne d i n 1 4 2 7 a P a rl iam e nt t o me e t a t I nv e r ne ss a t w h ic h t h e H i h lan d c hie fs w e r e i nv it e d t o g a t t e n d a nd as s oo n as t h e y o b e y e d h is summ o n s arre s t e d t h e m The t o t h e nu mb e r Of fift y a n d c o m mit t e d t h e m t o pr is o n — n d e r Lo rd o f t h e c h r o ni cl e rs e nu m e ra t e a m o n h m l xa t e A e g I sl e s a nd his m o t h e r t he C o u nt e ss o f Ro ss A ng us D u ff w it h ,
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fo ur s o ns l e a d e r o f fo ur t h o usan d m e n o f S t ra t h nav e r ; K e nne t h M o r e w it h h is s o n i n la w l e ad e r o f t wo t h o usa n d m e n J o h n Ro ss Will ia m Le sly A ng us o f M o r a y a nd M ack m a h o n l e a d e rs o f t wo t h o usan d m e n e ac h ; a nd h e p ut t o d e at h A l e xa n d e r M a k re ury o f G armo ra n l e ad e r Of a t h o usand me n a nd J o h n M a k a rt hur a g re a t c h ie f a mo ng t h e m a nd l ik e wis e l e a d e r Of a t h o us a n d m e n wh o w e r e b e h e a d e d T he r e s t w e r e s e nt t o v a ri o us pris o ns w h e r e aft e r a t i m e s o m e w e r e p ut t o d e at h a nd o t h e rs l ib e rat e d 6 A m o ng t h o s e who we re l ib e ra t e d w e re t h e L o rd o f t h e I sl e s a nd his m o t h e r a nd h e s e e ms t o h av e l o s t no t im e i n e n d e av o uring t o r e v e nge hims e lf fo r in 1 4 2 9 h e summ o ne d a ll his vassals in Ro ss a nd t he I sl e s a nd adva nc e d ag a in s t t h e t o w n o f I nv e r ne ss w h i c h h e bur nt t o t h e g r o u nd aft e r h e h a d was t e d t h e cr o w n l a n ds ; b ut o n t h e app e a ra nc e o f t h e r o y a l army w it h K ing J am e s a t i t s h e ad h e r e t r e a t e d t o L o c h a b e r w h e r e t h e k i n f o ll o w e d g h im a nd t h e L o rd Of t he I sl e s h a v i ng b e e n d e s e r t e d by par t o f h is t r o o ps h e was a t t ack e d a n d d e fe a t e d a nd e v e nt ually surr e nd e r e d h ims e lf u nc o nd it io nally t o t h e k ing w h e n h e was i mpri s o ne d in Ta n t a ll o n C as t l e a nd h is m o t h e r was als o ar r e s t e d a nd c o nfi ne d a t I nc h c olm i n t he Fir t h o f Fo r t h A l o ng w it h t he e arl Of Ro ss we nd in pr is o n La c h l a ne M G illa ne 7 T o rk ill M Ne ll T a rl a n M a c A rc hir a nd D u n c a n Pe rso un T h e i m pri s o nm e nt Of t h e e arl Of Ro ss a nd his m o t h e r le d t o a n i nsurr e c t io n i n t he w e s t wh e n t h e H ig h la n d e rs u n d e r D o n a ld Ball o c h a c o us in o f t h e e arl d e fe a t e d t h e r oyal t ro o ps u nd e r t h e e arls o f M a r a nd C a it h ne ss a t I nve rloc hy i n L o c h a he r i n 1 4 3 1 w h e n t h e fo rm e r was k ill e d b ut o n t he app e ar a n c e o f t h e k in h ims e lf w it h add it io na l f o rc e s D o na ld Ba ll o c h g his
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subm iss io n I n c o ns e qu e nc e o f t h is i nsurr e c t io n t he k ing app e ars t o h a v e s e e n t he p ol icy o f s e t t ing t h e e arl o f Ro ss a t l ib e r t y a nd a t t ac h ing him t o his s e rv i c e by c o nfe rr i ng up o n h im t h e imp o r t a nt o ffi c e o f J u s t ic i ar o f S c o t la n d n o r t h o f t h e Fo r t h a n Offic e w h ic h he h e ld duri ng t h e m ino ri t y o f J am e s t he S e c o n d He app e a rs h o w e v e r t o h av e e nt e r e d i nt o a l e ag u e w it h t h e e a rls o f D o u g l as a nd C rawfo rd in 1 4 5 5 for t h e d e t h r o ne m e nt o f t h a t m o na rc h b ut d ie d i n 1 449 b e fo r e a ny o v e r t a t t e mp t h ad b e e n mad e t o carry i t i nt o e ffe c t A l e xa nd e r e a rl Of Ro ss l ik e his g ra n dfat h e r s e e ms t o h av e fo rm e d o ne p o t e nt all ia nc e w it h t h e Lo wla n d no b il i t y by his m a rr iage w it h El iz a b e t h S e t o n d a u g h t e r o f A l e xa n d e r L o rd o f G o rd o n a nd Hu nt ly w h il e he h ad— e it h e r b e for e o r aft e r— add e d t o h is p o ss e ss io n s by m a rria ge w it h dau g h t e rs Of H ig h l a n d c h i e fs By h is c o u n t e ss El i z a b e t h h e h ad J o h n wh o succ e e d e d h i m as Ea rl o f Ro ss a nd L o rd o f t h e I sl e s By t h e dau g h t e r o f G io ll a p a d ra ig t h e las t o f t h e lay abb ot s Of A ppl e cr o ss a nd k no w n t o t r a d i t i o n as t he Re d Pr ie s t w it h w h o m h e Ob t ain e d t h e la nds o f L o c h als h L o c h c a rro rr a nd o t h e rs h e h a d a s o n Hu h t o g w h o m h e g av e t h e l a nds o f S l e a t i n S ky e a n d by a dau gh t e r o f M a c D ubhshi t he o r M a cp h e e o f L o c h ab e r h e h ad C e l e s t i ne o r G il l e as p ic t o w h o m h e i n av h e la n ds O f L o c h als h D ur e t g g t h e r e ig n o f J am e s t h e S e c o n d J o h n e arl o f Ro ss was o cca s io na ll nd a t o t h e r t im e s o n var a c w h r w a t i n i t h n o a e t e C y oo t d e rms w it h t h e k i ng a n d u n d e r his i nflu e n c e was mar g r ie d t o t h e d au gh t e r o f S ir J a m e s Li vings t o n ; b u t s o on aft e r t h a t k ing s d e a t h h e e n t e r e d i nt o a l e agu e w it h t h e e a rl o f D o uglas a nd K ing Edw a rd t h e F o ur t h o f Engla n d fo r t he c onqu e s t a nd par t it io n o f S c o t la nd i n 1 4 6 2 a nd i mme d i a t e ly rais e d t h e s t a ndard o f r e v o l t Hav ing a ss e mbl e d a larg e fo rc e h e mad e h ims e lf mas t e r o f t h e cas t l e o f I nv e r ne s s a nd pr o clai m e d h ims e l f supre m e o v e r t h e s lre riffd o ms o f I nv e r ne ss a nd N a i r n w h i c h t h e n e mbrac e d t he w h o l e o f t h e no r t h fl e d t o I re l a nd
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priv il e g e i s s o fa r c on firm e d t h a t i n a Parl iam e nt o f K ing Ro b e rt t he S e c o nd h e ld i n 1 3 8 4 i n w h ic h c e r t a in l a ws w e re e na c t e d re ga rd ing Ka t he r a nes t h e e a rl o f Fife a g r e e d t h a t as princ i p a l o f law o f C l a n M acdu ff (c ap i t a li s l eg i s d e h e w o uld c a us e t h e m t o b e o bs e rv e d w it h i n Cle n 24 a nd i n t h e frag m e nt a ry c o d e o f l a ws i t i s h is b o u nds ; m a y b e re e nac t e d t h a t t h e d ue llu m o r w a g e r o f ba t t l e m it t e d i n t h r e e i ns t a nc e s t h e s e c o n d b e ing by t h e law Of t h e Cla n M acdu ff fo r t h e slau g h t e r o f o ne o f t he k i n i f t h e kin o f t h e o t h e r p a r t y c a n c o m e i n t h e pl a c e o f c o mba t w h e n 25 We t h us s e e t h a t t he app e al e r is pr o v e n a nd h is l a nc e w h e n t he l ine o f t h e C e l t i c E a rls Of F ife t h e h e re d it a ry Tosha c hs Of t he t r ib e fail e d t h e y w e r e r e pl a c e d by t h e Cap i t a lis leg is Ca p y t a l e o f l a wc h o r T osha c hd or t h e pri nc ipal b e ing t h e al ie n Earl t o w h o m Wy nt o u n j o ins t h e pr ie s t Of We d a le a pars o nage b e l o ng ing t o S t A ndr e ws a nd t he Lo rd o f A b e rne t h y t h e d e sc e nd a nt o f t h e o l d a bb o t s o f t h e m o na s H e c t o r Boe c e pus h e s t h e o rig in o f t h e t e ry Of t h a t n am e clan as far back as t he r e ign o f K e nne t h M a c A l pi n t h e fo u nd e r o f t h e S c o t t is h dy na s t y wh o a cc o rd ing t o t h at v e rac io us c h ro ni cl e r app o int e d g o v e r no rs o f t h e d iffe re nt pro v in c e s t h at Of Fife b e ing a c e r t a i n Fifus D uffus T h e r e w e re Of c o urs e no t h a ne s o f Fi fe a t a ny t im e Th e firs t app e a r a nc e o f t h e nam e o n r e c o rd i s i n t he r e ig n Of D av i d t he Fi rs t w h e n G ille m ic h e l M a cduff w i t ne ss e s a n e arly c h ar t e r o f t h a t m o n arc h t o t h e m o nks Of D u nfe r m l i ne al ong w it h ve e arls o ne o f w h o m i s Co ns t a nt ine e a rl o f Fife a nd h e c e r t a inly i s t h e sam e p e rs o n wh o w it ne ss e s t h e fo u nda t io n c h ar t e r o f H olyro o d s h o r t ly a ft e r as G ille nric h e l Co m e s a nd h ad t h us b e c o m e e a rl Of Fi fe T h e d e m e s ne o f t h e e arls o f Fi fe o f t h is r a c e app e a rs t o h a v e c o ns is t e d Of t he paris h e s o f C upar Kilrna ny Re re s a n d Ca m e r o n in Fi fe a nd t h o s e o f S t ra t h rn igl o a nd A u c ht e r I b p 7 46 A c t s of P a rl i me nt v o l i p 5 5 1 of
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r w h ic h M a cdu ff s C ro ss wa s s it u at e d b ut w h e t h e r t h is s e p t w e r e t he r e m a ins o f t h e Ol d C e l t i c i nh ab it an t s o f t he pro v in c e o r a G a e l ic cla n i nt ro d uc e d int o i t w h e n i t s c h ie f was m a d e e arl i t is d iffi cul t t o s a y b ut it i s no t i mp o ss ibl e t h a t it ma y h av e b e e n a n o r t h e rn cla n wh o fo ll o w e d M a cb e t h w h e n t h e s o u t he r n d is t r i c t s w e re s ubj e c t e d t o h is rul e a nd t h at t h e re may b e s o m e fo u nd a t ion fo r t h e l e g e n d t h a t t h e f o u n d e r Of t he cl a n h a d r e b e ll e d ag ains t hi m a nd a d o p t e d t h e cau s e o f M a lc o lm C e a nnmor T h e f a c t t h a t t h e rac e fro m a nd s o m a i nt a in e d hi s p o s it io n w h o m t h e M orma e rs Of M o r a y d e r iv e d t h e ir o rigin i s t e rm e d i n o n e o f t h e I ris h G e ne a l o gi cal M S S C lan D uff a nd t h e u nd o ub t e dly p oss e ss e d fro m a n e arly p e r io d e arls o f Fif e larg e p o ss e ss io ns i n t h e n o r t h includ ing t h e d is t r ic t o f 27 l e nds s o m e pr ob a b il it y t o t h is supp o s it io n S t ra t h av o n T h e pr iv i l e g e s o f t h e cl a n h o w e v e r s t a n d o n a d iffe r e nt fo o t ing Fr o m t h e e arl ie s t p e rio d t h e t e rrit o ry o f F ife c o m e s pro m ine nt ly f o rward a s t h e l e ad ing pr o v in c e o f S c o t la n d a n d i t s e arls o ccup i e d t h e firs t plac e am o ng t h e T he firs t t wo priv il e ge s o f plac ing S e v e n e a rls o f S c o t la n d t h e k ing o n t h e C o ro n a t io n S t o ne a nd Of h e a d ing t h e v a n i n t h e army w e r e pr o bably a t t ac h e d t o t h e pro v inc e o f Fi fe a nd n o t t o a ny par t i c u l a r t r ib e fr o m w h i c h i t s e arls m i h t g h av e b e e n d e riv e d w h il e o n t h e o t h e r h a nd t h e t h ird s e e ms d e riv e d fr o m t h e i n s t it u t io n c o nne c t e d wit h t he a nc ie nt F i ne by w h ic h t h e k in f o rm e d a class o f s e v e nt e e n p e rs o ns c o n s is t ing o f t h e Ge i l ne D e i r bhj iné I nd né a nd I a rfine a nd t he n ine d e g r e e s o f k in dr e d o f t h e C l a n M acdu ff c o rr e sp o nd t o t h e firs t t wo wh i c h c o ns i s t e d o f n ine p e rs ons t rac e s o f w h ic h c a n a ls o b e fo u nd i n t h e We ls h L a ws W h ils t t h e s e p t o r clan t h u s m a k e s i t s app e aranc e i n fe w i ns t anc e s b e y o nd t h e H igh la n d L i ne i t no t he se I nu c
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cla ns in t he m o re i na cc e ss ible r e gio n o f t h e H igh lands hi s t o ry t h r o ws li t t l e l igh t up o n t h e ir e x is t e nc e t ill t h e y e m e rg e b e y o n d it t o w a rds t h e e n d o f t h e fo ur t e e nt h c e nt ur y i p tion F o rd u n who c o n clud e s h is C h r o ni cl e i mm e d i at e ly b e fo r e D id hig t h e firs t app e a r a nc e Of a H ig h la n d cla n b e y o n d t h e H ig h la n d E 1 36 3 1383 Line g iv e s t h e fo ll o w ing d e scrip t io n o f t h e inh a b it ant s Of T h e H ig h l a nd e rs a nd p e o pl e o f t h e I sla nds t h e H ig h land s h e says a savage a nd u nt am e d n at i o n rud e a nd in d e are p e nd e nt giv e n t o r a p ine e as e l ov ing Of a d o cil e a nd war m d isp o s it i on c o m e ly i n p e rs o n b u t u n sigh t ly i n dr e ss h o s t il e t o t h e A ngl i c p e o pl e a nd lang uage a n d o w ing t o d i v e rs it y o f sp e e c h e v e n t o t h e ir o wn n a t i o n a n d e xc e e d in ly cru e l g T h e y a re h o w e v e r fai t h ful a nd o b e d ie nt t o t h e ir k ing a nd t o subm i t t o law if pr o p e rly a nd c o u nt ry e as ily m a d e 28 i i i t n s a w n by o ne wh o h a d no v r d T h s a p c ur dr o e e e g fri e ndly fe e l ing t o w a rds t h e m b ut t h e go o d qual it ie s w i t h w h i c h h e cr e d it s t h e m o f b e i ng o f a d o c il e a nd w a rm d isp o s it i on a nd fa it h ful a nd o b e d ie nt t o t h e i r k i ng a n d c o u nt ry r e ad as s t ra nge ly t o us w h e n t h e ir subs e qu e nt h is t o ry is t ak e n i nt o acc o u nt as Fo rd un s Op i nio n t h a t t h e dr e ss i s u ns igh t ly h ardly c o rr e sp on ds w it h m o d e rn t a s t e A t t he t im e h e wr o t e h o w e v e r h e wa s warra nt e d i n w h a t h e s a id for fro m t h e t im e w h e n A l e x a nd e r t h e S e c on d fi n ally sup pre ss e d t he r e b e ll ion Of t he p e o pl e o f M o ray a nd c o nqu e r e d A rgyll i n t h e e arly par t o f hi s r e ig n t o h is o wn d ay t h e y h ad not br o k e n o ut b e y o nd t h e ir m o u nt a in barri e r a nd t h e s e s ar o s e fr o m t h e ir ad h e r e nc e t o a fa m ily w h i c h e arly r e b e ll io n t h e y b e l ie v e d h ad a r igh t ful cl a i m t o t h e t h r o ne j us t as t h o s e o f t h e s e v e nt e e nt h a nd e ig h t e e nt h c e nt urie s w e r e t h e r e sul t o f t h e ir at t ac h m e nt t o t h e c a us e Of t h e S t e war t s T h is s t a t e o f qu ie sc e nc e was no t d e s t ine d h o w e ve r t o 23 F o rd un Chroni c le v o l I I p 38 of
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c ont inu e l o ng a nd w it h in e igh t y e ars af t e r t he d e at h o f t he c h ro nicl e r t h e irrup t io ns o f t h e H igh lan d e rs i nt o t he l o w c o u nt ry w e r e r e ne w e d a nd t h e y no w app e ar in t h e fo rm Of s e p a ra t e s e p t s or cla ns Ro b e r t t h e S e c o nd h ad i n t h e firs t y e ar Of his r e ign gra nt e d t he la nds o f Bad e no c h w h ic h h ad b e e n fo rfe it e d by t h e C umy ns t o his fo ur t h s o n A l e xand e r wh o fr o m his fi e rc e d isp o s it io n b e cam e k no w n as t h e Wo lf Of Bad e no c h a nd s o m e y e ars aft e r h e Ob t a i ne d g ra nt s o f t h e lands o f S t rat h av o n w h i c h h ad b e l onge d t o t h e e arls o f Fi fe Al e xan d e r h a d n o fam ily a nd o f A b e r n e t h y in S t ra t h t a y by h is w i fe Eup h a m c o u nt e ss o f Ro ss b ut a numb e r o f i ll e g it imat e s o ns ; a nd Bo w e r t e lls us t h at in 1 3 9 1 t h e C a t e r a n s as h e calls t h e m i nvad e d t h e Bra e s o f A ng us w i t h D u n c a n S t e war t o ne o f h is s o n s a t t h e ir h e ad a nd w e re e n c o u nt e r e d by Wal t e r Ogi lvy s h e r i ff o f A ng us w i t h suc h o f t h e bar o ns o f A n us a n d t h e i r fo ll o w e rs as h e c o uld g h as t ily summ on a t a plac e call e d by h im G le nb re re t h w h e re 29 t h e s h e r iff was slai n w i t h s i x t y o f his fo ll o w e rs Wy nt oun i o u nt o f t h is raid w h i c h h e plac e s i n v s a v ry rap h c acc i e e g g T h e r e aro s e a g re at t h e subs e qu e n t y e ar w h e n h e says d isc o rd b e t w e e n S ir D av i d o f Li ndsay s o n o f G le ne sk a nd t h e H igh la n dm e n a n d t h at i n c o ns e qu e n c e Of t h e f o rm e r s e nd ing a s e cr e t S py int o t h e H igh lands a gr e at c o mpany Of H igh lan dm e n t o t h e numb e r Of t h r e e h u ndr e d an d m o re c a m e sudd e nly i nt o A ngus u nd e r t h r e e c h ie ft ai ns T h o mas Pat rick a n d G ibb o n w h o s e sur nam e was D u ncans on a nd e nc o u nt e r e d t h e s h e r i ff a t G a skl une in t h e S t o rm o nt w h e r e 30 I t i s u nn e c e ssary t o e nt e r int o t h e t he lat t e r was S lain p a r t i culars Of t he c o nfl i c t s t rik ing t h o u gh t h e d e t a ils a re b ut we h a v e m o r e c e rt a in i nfo rma t io n as t o t he l e ad e rs o f t h e H igh la nd e rs i n a Brie f i ssu e d by Ki ng Ro b e r t t h e T h ird a t a ral c o u nc il h e ld a t P e r t h o n t h e 2 6 t h M arc h 1 3 9 2 a nd n e e g addr e ss e d t o t h e s h e r iff a nd bail iffs o f A b e rd e e n d i re c t ing ,
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h o r n as o u t l a ws t h e fo ll o w ing p e rs o n s i O t d l y lvy Wal e r e i t o f t h e slau g h t e r o f Wal t e r d e u g g — viz i i D u ncan a nd n f t h e e e h rs k s l s t o n n d o e a Lic h t o g g Ro b e r t S t e war t s Pat r ick a nd T h o mas D unc a n so ns Ro b e r t d e t h e m t o p ut t o t h e
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un c a n Bry c e s on A ngus M a c nay r a nd a nd J o h n A ys on j u ni or a nd all o t h e rs t h e i r ad h e r e nt s a s t ak ing par t w it h t h e m i n t h e slau ght e r S l u ra c h a n d his br o t h e rs w it h t h e w h ole Cla nqwh e vil Will iam M o wat J o h n d e C o wt s D o nald d e C o wt s w it h t h e ir ad h e re nt s ; D a vi d d e Ro s e A l e x a nd e r M Ki nt aly h u r J o h n M Kint a ly hu r A dam Rols o n J o h n Ro ls o n w it h t h e ir ad h e r e n t s ; D un can N e t e ra uld e J o h n M a t h y so n w i t h t h e i r ad h e r e nt s ; M o rgo wnd e Rury so n a nd M i c h a e l M a t h o wso n w it h t h e ir ad h e r e nt s ? ” T h e y t h us fo rm e d si x gr o ups The firs t gr o up wh o w e r e d ire c t ly i mpl ica t e d w it h t h e e xc e p t io n o f t he S t e war t s b e l o ng t o A t h o l e ; t h e D unc a nso ns w it h Ro b e r t d e A t h al e w e r e t h e h e ads o f t h e C l a n D o n na c hie d e sc e nd e d fro m t h e o l d e arls wh o p o ss e ss e d t h e no r t h w e s t e rn d is t ri c t b o rd e ring up o n t h at o f Ba d e n o c h ; t h e M a c nai rs p o ss e ss e d Fo ss i n S t ra t h t u mm e l a nd t h e A y so ns T ullim e t in S t ra t h t a y The o t h e r ve w e r e a rt a nd p a r t Th e r s t we re S l ura c h a nd his br ot h e rs wh o w it h t h e ir fo ll o w e rs fo rm e d a clan t e rm e d t h e C l a nq wh e vil T h i s is t h e firs t app e aranc e o f a d is t inc t clan in t h e H ig h la nds The s e c on d g ro up o f t h e M o wa t s a nd C o wt t s b e l o ng e d t o Buc h a n o f w h i c h A l e x a nd e r S t e war t wa s a nd t h e t h i rd o f D av i d d e Ro s e a nd hi s fo ll o w e rs mus t e arl h av e c o m e fro m S t ra t h na i rn w h e r e t he Ro s e s w e re s it ua t e d Th e s e gro ups w e r e t h e re fo r e pr o b a bly d e p e n da nt s o f t h e Wo lf o f Ba d e no c h a nd t h e caus e o f t h is raid s e e ms t o h av e a r is e n fr o m t h i s t h a t Sir D av i d d e L i nds a y h ad inh e rit e d G le ne sk in A ngus a nd t he d is t ric t o f S t ra t hna irn fro m h is m ot h e r o ne o f t he daug h t e rs a nd c o h e irs o f S ir J o h n S t irl ing o f G l e n e sk w h il e a no t h e r o f t h e d a u g h t e rs h a d marrie d A t h al e A n dre w M a c na y r, D
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bring h i m int o c o nt ac t w i t h t he W o lf o f Bad e no c h a nd t he no r t h e r n cla n s an d a qu a rre l r e ard in succ ss t h i r e e o n g g p o bably bro ugh t t h e Cl a n D o nna c hie i nt o t h e fi e ld T he Wo lf o f Bad e no c h d ie d i n 1 3 9 4 a nd t wo y e ars aft e r t h e o nly H igh l a n d cla n h it h e r t o m e nt io n e d w it h t h at d e s ig n a t io n cam e m o r e pr o m i ne nt ly i nt o t h e f o r e ro u nd i n t h e g v e ry r e markabl e c o mba t w h ic h t o o k plac e o n t he N o r t h I nc h o f P e r t h i n t h e y e a r 1 3 9 6 a nd fr o m i t s p e cul iari t y s e e ms t o h a v e a t t rac t e d g e ne ral n ot ic e as w e ll as giv e n r is e t o a c o nt ro v e rsy w i t h r e ga rd t o t h e ac t o rs i n it for w h i c h it is d ifficul t t o pr o vi d e a ny sa t is fac t o ry s o lu t ion T h e a cc o u n t g iv e n by t h e c h r o ni cl e rs o f t h i s r e markab l e The e arl ie s t c o mba t d iffe rs s o m e w h at as t o t h e d e t ai ls acc o u nt o f i t is pr o bably t h a t gi v e n by Wy nt o un who wr ot e his C h r o nicl e b e t w e e n 1 42 0 a nd 1 4 2 4 o r o nly ab o u t t w e nt y ve y e ars aft e r t he e v e nt He says t h at t h e c o mb a t t o o k plac e a t S a int J oh ns t oun o r P e rt h b e t w e e n s ix t y me n t h ir t y a a ins t t h ir t y wh o b e l o n e d t o t wo cla n s wh o h ad b e e n a t g g varia nc e in o ld fe ud i n w h i c h t h e ir fo r e e ld e rs w e r e slain He n a m e s t he cla ns C l a hy nnh e (o r Cla n) Q wh e wyl a nd Cl ac h iny (or Cla n) Ha a n d t h at t h e ir c hi e f t a i ns w e re S c h a F e rqwh are iso ne a nd C h ri s t y J oh ne so ne ; t h at t h e y fo u gh t w i t h in barrie rs w it h ho w and a x e k ni fe a nd sw o rd ; b ut t h at who h ad t he b e s t o f i t h e c o uld n o t say a nd t h a t fif t y o r 32 m o r e w e r e slain a n d b ut fe w e scap e d w it h l ife Bo w e r wh o wr o t e ne arly t w e nt y ve y e ars la t e r giv e s f urt h e r d e t ails He says t h a t a g r e at par t o f t h e no r t h b e y o n d t he G ramp i a ns h a d b e e n d is t urb e d by t wo t urbul e nt cat e ra ns a nd t h e ir fo ll o we rs —S c h e a b e g a nd his k in wh o w e r e c a ll e d C lan Kay a nd C r is t i J oh ns o n a nd his call e d Cl a nq uh e l e wh o c o uld by no t r e a t y or arra nge m e nt b e bro ug h t t o p e ac e n or c o uld t h e y b e br o u gh t u n d e r subj e c t io n ,
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up o n w h i c h D a vi d d e Ly nd e s ay o f Cra w fo rd a nd T h o mas e a rl o f M o r a y i nt e rp o s e d a n d t r e at e d b e t w e e n t h e m so t h a t t h e y agr e e d t o s e t t l e t h e ir qu a rr e l b e fo r e t h e k ing a t P e r t h by a c o m ba t b e t w e e n t h ir t y c h o s e n m e n o f t h e ir ki n o n e ac h s i d e arm e d o nly w it h t h e ir s wo rds b OW s Th e a nd arro ws a nd w i t h o u t t h e i r pl a i ds o r o t h e r a rms c o mbat t o o k plac e o n t h e N o r t h I nc h o f P e r t h i n pr e s e nc e o f t h e k i ng t h e g o v e r no r a n d a gr e a t mul t it ud e o n t h e M o nd a y b e fo r e S ain t M i c h a e l s day wh e n o f t h e s ix t y all w e r e sl a in e xc e p t o ne o n t h e par t o f t h e Cla n Kay a n d e l e v e n o n t h e ot h e r p a rt He adds t h a t as t h e y w e r e e nt e ri ng wi t h i n t h e barrie r o ne o f t h e numb e r d a s h e d int o t h e r iv e r a nd e sc a p e d by swi m mi ng acr o ss o n w h i c h o ne o f t h e sp e c t at o rs o ffe r e d t o supply his pl a c e fo r h alf a mark o n c o ndi t io n t h a t if h e survi v e d h e was t o b e maint a in e d dur ing t he r e s t o f his l ife w h i c h was ag r e e d t o Th e r e sul t was t h at t h e nor t h wa s for many y e a rs af t e r a t p e ac e a nd t h e r e was n o f ur t h e r o u t br e ak 33 o f t h e c a t e ra ns Th e m a t e ri al d i ffe r e n c e b e t w e e n Bo w e r s acc o u nt a nd Wyn t o un s is t h a t h e r e v e rs e s t h e c o nne c t io n o f t h e c h ie fs w i t h t h e clans a nd adds t he d e t a il o f t h e numb e rs slain o n b o t h s id e s a nd t h e a id o f t h e v o lu nt e e r Th e n e x t acc o u nt i s giv e n by M auri c e B uc h a na n i n t h e Bo o k o f Pl us c a rd e n wh o wr o t e i n 1 4 6 1 a nd d iffe rs v e ry muc h fr o m t h a t o f Bo w e r H e c on ne ct s t h i s e v e nt w it h t h e rai d i nt o A ngus ve y e ars pr e v io usly a nd i mpl ie s t h a t t h e sam e p a r t ie s w e r e c o nc e r ne d i n b ot h b u t h e d oe s not n am e t h e clans T h is wa s s o fa r t h e cas e t h at t h e C la n Q wh e l e t o ok par t i n b o t h H e says t h a t in 1 3 9 1 s o gr e a t a c o nt e n t ion h ad ar is e n am o ng t h e w i ld S c o t s (si lve st r es S c o t t os) t h a t t h e i r w h o l e c o u nt ry wa s d i s t urb e d by i t a n d o n t h a t a cc o u nt t h e k i ng fi n d ing h i ms e lf u na bl e t o r e s t o r e p e a c e a rran e d i n a c o u nc i l o f t h e m a na t e s o f t h e k i n d o m t h a t g g g t h e i r t wo prin c ip a l cap t ai ns w i t h t h e i r b e s t a nd m o s t v a l i a n t t o t h e g o v e rn m e nt ,
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fr ie nds am o u nt ing o n e ac h s id e t o t h irt y me n s h o uld fi gh t i n a n e ncl o s e d fi e ld aft e r t h e ma nne r o f j ud ic ia l c o mba t a nt s (more d u e lla nc iu m) 34 w i t h sw o rds o nly cr o ss b o ws h av ing e ac h t h re e arro ws o nly a nd t h is b e fo r e t he k ing o n a c e r t a in d a y o n t h e N o rt h I nc h o f P e r t h a nd t h is by t h e int e rv e nt ion o f t he e arl o f C rawf o rd a nd o t h e r n o bl e s was a gr e e d up o n a nd carrie d o ut w h e n a ll o n b o t h s id e s w e r e slain e xc e p t s e v e n ve o n t he o ne s id e a nd t wo o n t h e o t h e r e scap ing al iv e o f w h i c h t wo o ne e scap e d by fly i ng t o t h e riv e r a nd e scap ing acro ss it a n d t h e o t h e r b e i ng t a k e n w a s p a rd o n e d w it h t h e c o ns e nt o f I n t he t h e o t h e r par t y t h o u g h s o m e say t h at h e was h u ng b e ginning o f t h e c o nfl ic t o ne o f t h e numb e r o f o ne par t y d is a pp e ar e d a nd c o uld no t b e fo u n d o n w h i c h o ne o f t h e sp e c t a t o rs wh o h app e ne d t o b e l o ng t o t h e sam e clan (p a re nt e la ) a nd was h o s t il e t o t h e o t h e r par t y ag r e e d t o supply h is plac e for fo r t y s h ill ings f o u g h t m o s t v a l ia nt ly a nd e sc a p e d w it h 35 h is l i fe A s t h e writ e r o f t his acc o u nt was h ims e lf a H igh lan d e r t h is i s m o s t pro b a bly t he acc o u nt giv e n o f t h e c o mbat o n t h e H ig h la n d s id e w h il e t h a t o f Bo w e r was t h e acc o u nt r e p or t e d in t he L o wl a nd s ; a nd t he fo rm e r h as mo r e app e ar a nc e o f b e i ng t h e c o rr e c t acc o u nt a n d a g r e e s b e t t e r w it h t h at I t als o o f Wy nt o u n wh o c o uld n o t t e ll w h i c h par t y g aine d i n d i cat e s t h a t t h e c o nfl ic t was o f t h e na t ure o f a j ud i c ial wage r o f bat t l e wh i c h is als o pro bably t h e t ru e v ie w ; fo r i f t h e c o nt e nt i o n b e t w e e n t h e clan s was a m e r e o rd in ary f e ud i t i s d iffi cul t t o se e h o w t h i s c o mbat s h o uld h av e b e e n t h e m e a ns o f r e s t o r i ng p e ac e b ut if t h e d i spu t e re l a t e d t o s o m e d iffe r e nc e as t o s om e qu e s t io n o f r igh t o r priv il e g e w h i c h b ot h cl a im e d i t i s qu it e i nt e ll ig ibl e t h at i t s h o uld h av e b e e n s e t t l e d by j ud ic ial c o mbat b e fo re t h e k ing Th e o nl y o t h e r e arl y no t ic e o f t h is e v e n t i s i n a s h o r t c h r o ni cl e c o nt a i ne d i n t h e C h ar t ul a ry o f M o ray w h i c h s t a t e s ,
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c o mb a t t oo k plac e o n t h e 2 8 t h d ay o f S e p t e mb e r a t Pe r t h b e fo r e t he k i ng a nd t h e no bl e s o f S c o t la nd b e caus e h e fo u n d i t i mp o ss ibl e t o e s t abl i s h p e ac e b e t w e e n t wo cla ns (p a r e nt e la s ) call e d t he C l a n Ka y a nd t h e C lan Q wh wle w h e n c e t h e re w e r e d a ily sl a u gh t e r ing at t a cks c o mm it t e d by t he m T h ir t y me n o n e ac h s i d e wit h o u t arm our b ut w it h b o ws sw o rds a nd d irks me t i n c o nfl i c t w h e n a ll o n t h e s i d e o f t h e C lan Kay w e r e sl a in e xc e p t o ne a nd of t h e o t h e r 36 t part y e n surv iv e d I f t h i s e v e nt was c o nne c t e d w it h t h e rai d o f A ngus T h Cl n w h ic h pre c e d e d i t t he e v e nt s w h ic h fo ll o w e d may l ik e w is e £ 33? e c m mn t e nd t o t h ro w l igh t u p o n t he ac t o rs i n t h i s s t ra ng e c o mba t Wh e n t h e r oyal fo rc e s at t ack e d A l e x a nd e r Lo rd o f t h e I sl e s i n 1 4 2 9 a nd p u t h i m t o fl ig h t i n L o c h ab e r t h e c h r o nicl e rs t e ll us t h a t a t t h e s igh t o f t h e r oyal s t an dard he wa s d e s e rt e d by t wo t ri b e s wh o sub m it t e d t o t h e r o yal a u t h o r it y T h e y a re t e rm e d by Bow e r t h e Clan Kat an a nd C lan C am e r o n a nd by M a uric e Buc h an an m o r e c o rr e c t ly t h e Cla n d c Gny lle gnha t a n a nd Cla n Ca me ron T h is w a s o n t h e e ve o f S t J o h n t h e Bap t is t s d a h t a t i s o n t h e 2 3 d o f J u ne y a nd o n t h e fo ll o w in g Palm S u nday w h i c h i s o n t h e 2 ot h day o f t he fo ll o w i n h ro ni m o n t h f rc h w ld by h c o M a ar t o t e e e g cl e rs t ha t t he C l a n Ch a t t a n a t t a ck e d t h e C la n C am e r o n w h e n a ss e mbl e d in a c e r t ain c h urc h t o w h ic h t h e y se t re a nd d e s t r oy e d n e a rly t h e w h o l e cla n A l t h o ugh t h e C l a n C h a t t a n a re h e re s a id i n g e n e r a l t e rms t o h av e d e s e rt e d t h e Lo rd o f t h e I sl e s i t app e ars t h at a par t o f t h e cla n s t ill a d h e r e d t o h is caus e fo r aft e r his r e s t o r a t io n t o l ib e r t y we nd h im in 1 4 43 r a nt in a c h ar t e r t o M a lc o lm M a c I nt o sh g g o f t h e fo rt y m e rk l a nds o f K e pp o c h a nd o t h e rs i n t he l o rd i o f L o c h ab e r i m t h e h p a n c f rs up n h d i n 4 o 1 4 h o n 7 e e s o ffi c e o f ba il ie o r s t e ward o f t h e l o rds h i p o f L o c h a b e r 37 T h is M a lc o lm who is call e d i n t h e s e c o n d c h ar t e r his c o us in ,
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was r e l a t e d t o t he L o rd o f t h e I sl e s t h ro u gh h is m o t h e r who was a dau gh t e r o f his g ra ndfa t h e r A ngus L o rd o f t h e I sl e s a nd was t h us pr o bably l e d t o a d h e re t o hi m T he s a m e lands a re c o nfirm e d t o his so n D u nca n M a c I nt osh i n 1 46 6 38 by J o h n L o rd o f t h e I sl e s a n d in t h is c h a r t e r h e is t e rm e d C ap t a in o f Cla n C h a t t a n w h i c h i s t he firs t a pp e ara n c e o f t h i s d e s ig na t io n N e it h e r w e r e t he C lan C a m e ro n e nt ir e ly d e s t roy e d fo r we nd A l a n s o n o f D on ald D u ff app e ari ng in 1 4 7 2 as Ca p t ain o f t h e C la n C am e ro n a n d in 1 4 9 2 A l e x a n d e r o f t h e I sl e s L o rd o f L o c h a ls h a nd L o c h ie l g ran t s t h e la nds o f L o c h ie l t o Ew e n so n o f A l a n s o n o f D o nald C ap t a i n o f I t w o uld t h us a pp e a r t h a t a par t o nly o f C lan C am e r o n t h e s e t wo cla ns h ad d e s e r t e d t h e L o rd o f t h e I sl e s in 1 4 29 a nd a par t ad h e r e d t o h i m t h a t t h e c o nfli c t o n P a lm S u n day was b e t w e e n t h e f o rm e r par t o f t h e s e clan s a nd t h a t t h e l e ad e rs o f t h o s e wh o ad h e re d t o t h e L o rd o f t h e I sl e s b e cam e af t e rwards r e c ognis e d as cap t ain s o f t h e r e sp e c t i v e clans I t furt h e r app e ars t h a t t h e r e was w i t h i n n o d is t ant t im e aft e r t he c o nfl ic t o n t h e N o r t h I nc h o f P e r t h a b it t e r fe ud b e t w e e n t h e t wo cla ns wh o h ad d e s e r t e d t h e L o rd o f t h e I sl e s a n d t h e r e a re i n d i ca t i o n s t h a t t h i s was m e r e ly t h e r e ne wal o f a n o ld e r quarr e l fo r b o t h cla n s u n d o ub t e dly c o nt e s t e d t h e r i h t g t o t h e la nds o f Gl e nl ui a nd Lo c h ark a ig i n L o c h ab e r t o w hi c h Wil li am M a c I nt osh r e c e i v e d a c h ar t e r fr o m t h e L o rd o f t h e I sl e s i n 1 3 36 w h il e t h e y u n qu e s t i o nably af t e rwards f orm e d a par t o f t h e t e rri t ory p o ss e ss e d by t he C am e r o ns By t h e la t e r h is t o rian s o ne o f t h e cl a n s wh o f o u g h t o n t h e N o r t h I nc h o f P e r t h a nd wh o w e r e t e rm e d by t h e e a rl i e r c h r o ni cl e rs Cla n Qwhc le a re i d e nt i fi e d w i t h t he Cla n C h a t 39 t an a nd t h a t t h i s i d e nt i ficat i o n is w e ll f o u n d e d s o far a s ,
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r e ga rds t h at p a r t o f t h e cl a n w h ic h a d he r e d t o t h e r oy a l caus e w h il e t h a t i n t h e par t o f t h e Cl a n C a m e r on wh o fol l o w e d t he sam e c o urs e a nd w e r e ne a rly e nt ir e ly d e s t r oy e d o n P a lm S unday we m ay r e c og nis e t h e ir o pp o ne nt s t he C l a n Kay i s no t w i t h o ut muc h pr obabil it y T h e C la n C ha t t a n i n l a t e r t i m e s c o n s is t e d o f s ix t e e n s e p t s wh o f o ll o we d M a c I nt o sh as cap t a in o f t h e cla n b ut d id no t r e c og nis e him as o ne o f t h e rac e a n d r e g a rd e d M a c Ph e rs on o f Clu ny h e a d o f t h e s e p t call e d Cla n Vni r ea c h as t h e m al e r e pr e s e nt at iv e o f t h e fou nd e r o f t h e cla n Th e firs t o f t h e M a c I nt o sh e s wh o a pp e ars w it h t h e t it l e o f C ap t ai n o f Cla n C h a t t a n i s D u nca n M a c I nt osh t h e s o n o f M a lc o lm i n 1 4 0 0 a nd in 1 4 6 6 a nd h e was pr o b a bly pl a c e d by t h e Lo rd o f t h e E ight I sl e s o v e r t h a t part o f t h e cla n wh o ad h e r e d t o him o f t h e s e p t s fo rm ing t h e la t e r C la n C h a t t a n m a y b e p ut as id e a s h av i ng b e e n a ffil i a t e d t o t h e cl a n subs e qu e n t ly t o t h e y e ar 1 4 2 9 as w e ll as t h e fa m ily o f M a c I nt o sh d e sc e n d e d fr o m M a lc o lm T h e r e ma in d e r r e pr e s e nt t h e clan a s i t e x is t e d b e fo r e t h at dat e I t c o ns is t e d o f a n o ld e r s e p t o f M a c I n t o s h e s wh o p o ss e ss e d lands i n Bad e no c h t h e pri nc ipal o f w h i c h was Ro t h ie murc h us a nd app e ars t o h a v e cl a im e d t h o s e T h e e ig h t s e p t s wh o o f G l e nl ui a n d Loc h a rk a ig i n L o c h ab e r t h e n fo rm e d t h e C l a n C h a t t a n pr o p e r w e r e t h e Cla n V ai ri c h or M a c Ph e rso ns a n d t h e Cla n D a y o r D av i ds o ns wh o w e r e c a ll e d t h e o l d C l a n Chat t a n a nd si x s t ra ng e r s e p t s wh o t o o k pr o t e c t ion fr o m t h e clan T h e s e w e r e t h e Cla n Vi c C hille ,
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se pt s T h e s e w e r e t h e Cla n Gi lla nfha ig h o r G illo nie o r C am e ro n s o f I nve rma lie a nd S t r o ne t h e Cla n S oi r li e or C am e ro ns o f G le n e vi s t h e Cla n V i c Jll ha r t a i n o r M a c M a r t in s o f Le t t e r nl a y a nd t h e C a me r o n s o f L o c h ie l The la t t e r w e re t h e s e p t w h o s e h e ad b e c a m e C a p t ain o f C lan C a m e r o n a n d ad h e r e d t o t h e L o rd o f t he I sl e s w h il e t h e t h r e e fo rm e r r e pr e s e nt e d t h e par t o f t h e clan wh o s e ce d e d fro m him in 1 429 Be s id e s t h e s e t h e r e w e r e d e p e nd e nt s e p t s t h e C h ie f o f w h i c h w e r e t h e Cla n V i c Gi lve i l or M M illa n s a nd t h e s e w e r e b e l ie v e d t o b e o f t he r a c e o f C lan Cha t t a n T he c o n No w t he r e ne c t io n b e t w e e n t h e t wo cla n s i s t h us appar e nt a re pr e s e rv e d g e ne al o gie s o f b o t h cla n s i n t h e i r e arl ie r f o rms wr it t e n no t l o ng aft e r t h e y e ar 1 4 2 9 One i s t e rm e d t h e G e ne al ogy o f t h e C lan a n T o i sig t h at i s t h e Cla n G ill a Th e firs t re p re c h a t t a n a nd g iv e s i t i n t wo s e p a r a t e l ine s s e nt e d t h e o ld e r M a c I nt o she s Th e s e co nd is d e duc e d fr o m G ill a c hat t a n M o r t h e e p o nymus o f t h e clan H is g r e a t a ds M i re a c h fr o m w h o m t h e C la n V u ire a c h t ak e s it s r n o n u g n am e h a s a so n D o m na ll or D o n ald call e d i n Ca i mg l lla a nd t h i s w o rd w h e n a sp i ra t e d w o uld fo rm t h e n am e K e v il o r 40 Th e c h ie f s e a t o f t h is bran c h o f t h e cla n c a n t c ml a ls o b e asc e r t a in e d for A l e xa n d e r L o rd o f t h e I sl e s a nd Ea rl o f Ro ss c o nfirms a c h ar t e r g ra nt e d by Wi ll iam e arl o f Ro ss i n 1 3 38 o f t h e l a nds o f D a l na fe rt a n d K inrora y t h o r K inrara u nd e r r e s e rva t io n o f o ne acr e o f g ro und ne ar t h e S t y c ha n o f t h e t o w n o f D a l na ve rt w h e r e wa s s it ua t e d t h e ma no r o f t he 41 lat e S c ay t h s o n o f Fe rc ha rd a nd we nd a Tse a d s o n o f Fe rqu har i n t h e G e ne al ogy a t t h e sam e p e rio d M o r e o v e r t h e o n o f t h i s S c a y t h wa s D i st a l) o r S h aw wh o t h us was ra ds n g c o nt e mp o rary wit h t h e S h a w wh o fo u gh t i n 1 39 6 Th e .
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p e rio d w h e n t he t wo cla ns fo rm e d o ne t rib e p o ss e ss ing t h e d is t ri c t o f L o c h ab e r as t h e i r Tu a th o r c o u nt ry w h e r e t h e la nds in d ispu t e — G le nl ui a nd Lo c h a rk a ig— we r e probabl y t h e o fli c ia l d e m e s ne o f t h e o l d Toi se c h o r h e a d o f t h e t ri b e Th e cla ns a re h e re d e scr ib e d as c o n s is t i ng o f t wo d iv i s io ns Th e o n e o f t h e K i nsm e n o r t h o s e o f t h e bl oo d o f t h e s e p t ; t h e o t h e r o f t h e d e p e nd ant s or sub o rd inat e s e p t s wh o m igh t b e o f d iffe re n t rac e T he fo rm e r clan are w e l l d e fi ne d Th e writ e r i n t h e G ar t m o r e M S wr it t e n in t h e y e ar 1 7 4 7 says t h at t h e pr o p e rt y o f t h e s e H igh l a nds b e l o ng s t o a gr e a t y d iffe r e nt p e rs o ns wh o a re m o re o r l e ss c o n s id e rabl e in pr o p o r t io n t o t h e e x t e nt o f t h e ir e s t a t e s a nd t o t h e c o mman d o f m e n t h at l iv e up o n t h e m o r f o l l o w t h e m o n acc o u nt o f T h e s e lands a re t h i s cla ns h ip o u t o f t h e e s t a t e s o f o t h e rs s e t by t h e la n dl o rd dur ing pl e asur e o r a s h o r t t ack t o p e o pl e wh o m t h e y c a ll g o o dm e n (D i t i ne U a sa i l) a nd wh o a re o f a sup e rio r s t at io n t o t h e c o mm o na l t y T h e s e a re g e ne r a lly t h e s o n s br o t h e rs c o us in s o r n e ar e s t r e la t io ns o f t h e la n d l o rd (o r c h i e f) T h is by me a ns o f a s m all p o r t ion a nd t h e l ib e ral it y o f t h e i r r e lat io ns t h e y a re abl e t o s t o ck a nd w h i c h t h e y t h e ir c h ildr e n a n d g randc hi ldr e n p o ss e ss a t a n e asy r e nt t ill a n e ar e r d e sc e nd a nt b e ag ain pr e fe rr e d t o i t A s t h e pr o p i nqu it y r e m o v e s t h e y b e c o m e l e ss c o ns i d e r e d t i ll a t las t t h e y d e g e ne rat e t o b e o f t h e c o mm o n p e opl e u nl e ss s o m e a cc i d e n t al acqu is it i on o f w e al t h supp o rt s t h e m ab o v e t h e i r s t at io n A s t h is h at h b e e n a n an cie nt cus t o m m o s t o f t h e farm e rs a n d c o t t a rs a re o f t h e n am e a nd cl a n o f t h e p ro pr ie t o r T h is e xac t ly d e scri b e s t h e I r is h F i né i n it s re s t ric t e d s e ns e w h e r e t h e i mm e d i at e kin o f t h e Ce a nn né o r c h ie f c on s is t s o f s e v e nt e e n p e rs ons fo rm ing t h e D a tha c h F i ne fr o m w h e n c e t h e y p a ss by d e gre e s i nt o t h e D i t t ha ign D a i ne o r c o mm o nal t y o f t h e F ine o r s e p t T h e d e p e nd e nt s e p t s o n t h e o t h e r h a n d re pre s e nt t he F i t i clhi r o f t h e I ri s h t r ibal sys t e m T h e ir p o s it ion w ill b e ,
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b e s t u nd e rs t o o d by t he Bo nds o f M anr e nt or M anr e d w h ic h cam e t o be t ak e n by t he c h ie fs fr o m t h e i r d e p e ndant s w h e n t h e r e l a t io n c o ns t it ut e d by u s a ge a nd t rad it io nal cus t o m was r e l a x e d by t i m e o r w h e n a ne w re l a t io ns hi p wa s c o ns t it ut e d T h us in a b o nd by a s e p t o f M G illik e y r a t a l a t e r p e r io d t o J o h n C ampb e ll o f G le n urc h y i n 1 5 4 7 h e d e clar e s t h a t t h e y h a v e c h o s e n h im o f t h e i r o wn fr e e m o t iv e t o t h e i r c h ie f t o b e t h e ir pr o t e c t o r i n a l l g re a t ac t io ns a s a c h ie f d o e s i n t he c o u nt rie s o f t h e H ig h l a n ds a nd s h a ll h av e la nds o f h im in ass e da t io n ; a nd w h e n a ny o f t h e m d e c e as e s s h a ll l e av e t o h i m a n d his h e irs a ne c a wlp e o f k e nk y nie as i s us e d i n t h e c o unt rie s a b o u t A ga in i n a b on d by D u nc a n M Olc a ll um a nd o t h e rs o f t h e C l a n T e i r t o C o ly ne C ampb e ll o f Gl e nurc h a y in 1 5 5 6 t h e y s t at e t h a t i n c o n s e qu e n c e o f t h e slau gh t e r o f J o h ne M G ille nla y fo s t e r br ot h e r of S ir Coly ne C ampb e ll o f G l e n urc h a y t h e ir pr e d e c e ss o r fo r sy t hm e nt a nd r e c o mp e nc e o f s a i d S lau g h t e r h a d d e l i v e r e d t o h im o n e o f t h e pr in c i p a l c o mm it t e rs o f i t c all e d J o h n Roy M Ynt e ir t o b e pu nis he d a t his w ill ; a nd m o re o v e r h a d e l e c t e d a nd t ak e n hi m a nd his h e irs for t h e ir c h ie fs a nd m a s t e rs a nd giv e n t o h im t h e i r calps wh i c h c a lps t h e sai d C o ly ne S ir D u nca n C ampb e ll o f a nd all G le nurc ha y his s o n t h a t d e c e a s e d a t Fl o dd e n o t h e r l a i rds o f G l e nurc h a y h a d s i nc e t ak e n up ; a n d t h e s a id C la n T e ir o f ne w r a t i fy t h e b o nd i n f a v o ur o f C o ly ne no w o f A g a in we nd i n 1 5 5 9 A rc h i bald G le nu rc h a y e arl o f A rgyll t ra nsfe rr ing t o his c o us in C oly ne C ampb e ll o f G l e n u rc h ay a n d h is h e irs mal e t h e m a nr e nt h o ma ge a nd s e rv i c e w h ic h h i s pr e d e c e ss o rs a n d h e h ad a nd h as o f t h e h a ill ky n to a nd sur na m e o f t h e C l a nl a ura n e a n d t h e ir p o s t e ri t i e h r w i t h t h up a k in f t h r calps pr v i d i n t h e sa id t e t o e i o e e g g g 45 C oly ne o b t a in t h e i r c o n s e nt t h e r e t o I t i s u nn e c e ss a ry t o qu o t e m o re o f t h e s e b o nds w h ic h a re ,
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my a iri s m a l e a nd fe m a l e as u se i s ; at t o ur I ra as u s e i s t o h ai f g o t t e n a t t h e m a k i ng h e i ro f a ne n t m e g u d i a n d su ffic ie nt sw o rd re s sa vi t a n d d e li ve ri t b e t h e sa i d g Ra nna ld t o r e mane as a ne m e mo riall t a ik in o f t h is my ban d 46 o f ma n r e nt A no t h e r f e a t ur e in t h e r e lat i on b e t w e e n t h e c h ie f a n d his Fo kinsm e n w it h t h e ir d e p e nd e nt s e p t s wa s t h e cus t o m o f fo s t e rag e w h ic h pr e v a il e d am ong t h e H igh lan d cla ns as i t ch arac t e ris e d t h e I ris h t rib e s Th e writ t e n c ont rac t s o f fos t e ra g e w h i c h l i k e t h e b onds o f manr e nt sup e rs e d e d t h e u nwrit t e n usage duri ng t h e t r a ns it ion p e rio d wh e n t he o ld e r C e l t i c law was l o s ing it s i nflu e n c e a nd w h e n i t b e cam e n e c e s s ary fo r t h e c h ie fs t o s e cur e t h e i r a n c ie nt pr iv i l e ge s fro m pass i ng away u nd e r t h e pr e ssur e o f o t h e r influ e n c e s w i ll a fl ord us t h e b e s t m e an s o f a sc e r t aining t h e t ru e n a t ur e o f t h i s cus t o m We may r e fe r t o t h e t e rms o f a fe w o f th o s e w h ic h h av e b e e n pre s e rve d I n 1 5 1 0 we h a v e a n o bli gat ion by J o h ne M Ne ill V re ik in S t ro nfe rna a nd G re go ure h is br o t h e r t o re c e iv e Col e yne C ampb e ll l a wful t hird s on t o Co le yne Ca mp b e ll t h e e ld e s t so n a nd h e i r o f S ir D u nc a n C ampb e ll o f Gl e nurquh a y k nigh t i n fo s t e ri ng a nd t o g iv e h im a bair n s p a r t o f g e ar ; a nd giv ing t o t h e said S ir D un c a n a nd his h e i rs t h e ir b o nds o f M a nr e n t a nd Ca lp s t h at i s t h e b e s t auc h t i n t h e ir h o us e s t h e t i m e s o f t h e i r d e c e as e ; t h e sai d S ir D u nc a n a nd C o l e y ne h is s o n b e ing b o u n d t o d e fe n d t h e sa i d J o h n a nd G re go ur in t h e la nds o f S t ro n fe rn a a nd t h e r e s t o f t h e 47 rowmis t h e y p o ss e ss as l a w w ill A ga i n in 1 5 8 0 t h e r e i s a c ont rac t b e t w e e n D un c a ne C ampb e ll a r o f Gl e nurq uhay and h is n a t iv e s e rva nt G ill e c re ist M ak d o n c hy D ufl V N o k e rd a nd Ka t h e ri ne N e n D o uill V e k c on c h y y h is sp o us e i n w h i c h t h e lat t e r b i nd t h e ms e lv e s t o t ak e i n fo s t e ri ng D unc a ne Campb e ll so n t o t h e sai d D u n c a ne t o b e sus t a ine d by t h e m t o me
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m e a t dr ink a nd no ur is h m e nt t ill h e b e s e nt t o t h e sc h oo ls w it h t h e adv i c e o f frie nds a nd t o sust ain h im a t t h e sc h ools w it h r e as o n abl e supp or t t h e said fat h e r a nd fo s t e r fat h e r g iv ing b e t w e e n t h e m o f M a khe lve g o o ds i n d o nat io n t o t h e sai d ba ir n a t Be l t a ne t h e r e aft e r t h e valu e o f t wo h u ndr e d m e rks o f k y a nd t wo h o rs e s o r t wo m a r e s w o rt h fo r t y m e rks ; t h e s e goo ds w i t h t h e ir i n cr e as e t o p e r t ain t o t h e sa i d ba ir n as his o wn c h an c e b e ars h im t o b u t t h e ir m ilk t o p e r t ain t o t h e s a i d fo s t e r fa t h e r a n d mo t h e r so l o ng as t h e y sus t a in t he sai d b a irn a nd u nt i l h e b e s e nt t o t h e sc h oo ls e xc e p t so muc h o f t h e m ilk as w ill pay t h e mai ls o f pas t ur e la nds fo r t h e sai d ca t t l e w h i c h t h e sa id fo s t e r fat h e r i s b o u n d t o nd fo r t h e m up o n Lo c h a w a nd u nt il suc h h e go t h e fi n d ing fo r 48 t h e m t h e h a l f o f t h e lands o f A uc h ak y nna y e t c T h e n e x t c o nt rac t i n da t e w h i c h we s h all qu o t e t ak e s us I t i s a c o nt rac t in 1 6 1 2 by w h i c h Si r t o t h e W e s t e r n Isl e s Ro d e r ick M acl e o d o f D u nv e g an g iv e s his s o n N o rman t o J o h n s on o f t h e s on o f K e nne t h t o fo s t e r ; a nd it is a v e ry re markabl e d o cum e nt for it is wr it t e n in G a e l ic in t h e I ris h T h e c o nd it io ns a re t h a t i f J o h n d ie s firs t c h arac t e r o f t h e t i m e t h e c h ild i s t o r e mai n w i t h t h e w i d o w b ut t h e g uard i ans h i p w it h J o h n s br ot h e r A ng us who i s t o h av e t h e e nt ir e c h arge o f t h e c h i ld i f t h e w i d o w marri e s ag a in ; a nd Sir Ro d e r i ck is t o h av e a so n s s h ar e o f t h e s t o ck (t h e ba ir n s par t o f t h e o t h e r c o nt r a c t s) during t h e l ife o f h i ms e lf a nd his h e ir a nd t h e T h e s t o ck (S ea lbh) fo s t e r c h ild al o ng w it h J o h n s h e irs w h i c h i s t o b e p u t i nt o p o ss e ss io n o f t he fo s t e r c h ild i s fo ur mar e s giv e n by t h e fo s t e r fat h e r a nd o t h e r fo ur mar e s by t h e fa t h e r S ir Ro d e rick a l ong w it h t h r e e w h ic h h e pro m is e d him w h e n h e t o ok h im t o his b o s o m Th e ch arge a nd k e e ping o f t h e s e v e n mar e s g iv e n by t h e fa t h e r t o b e w i t h t h e fo s t e r fa t h e r i n o rd e r t o p ut t h e m t o i ncr e as e fo r h i s fo s t e r so n ; a nd t h e car e a nd k e e p ing o f t h e fo ur mar e s g iv e n by t h e ,
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fo s t e r fa t h e r t o b e w it h t h e fat h e r t o p ut t h e m t o i ncr e as e A m o ng t h e w it ne ss e s t o t h i s c o n fo r h im i n l ik e mann e r 49 t rac t a re t h e m ini s t e rs o f D u irini s h a n d Br a c a d a l e The las t we s h all n ot ic e i s a s l a t e as t h e y e a r 1 6 6 5 a nd i s a c o n t ra c t b e t wi x t G e o rge C a mpb e ll o f A ird s i n A rgylls h ir e a n d D ona ld D o w M Ewi n i n A rd m as t ill a nd B o i ss N Od o c h ardi e his w i fe by w h i c h G e o rg e C a m pb e ll g i v e s i n f o s t e ri ng t o D o n ald D o w a nd his w i fe I s o b e ll C a mpb e ll h is l a wful d au gh t e r fo r t h e sp a c e o f s e v e n y e a rs fr o m n e xt Be l t a n e a nd i v e s t o h e r as M H e l iff (S hea lbh) t wo n e w c a lv e d ky ne w it h g a calf a nd a y e ar o l d s t irk a t wo y e ar o ld qu e y a t B e l t a n e n e x t a nd a no t h e r t wo y e a r o ld qu e y a t Be l t a n e 1 6 6 7 a nd D ona ld D o w a n d his sp o us e g iv e t o t h e i r f o s t e r c h i ld t wo farr o w ky ne w it h a s t irk a n d a t wo y e ar old qu e y a t Be l t ane a nd a no t h e r t wo y e ar o ld qu e y a t Be l t a n e 1 6 6 7 Th e w h o l e o f t h e ir ca t t l e w i t h t h e i r i ncr e as e t o b e in t h e cus t o dy o f t h e fo s t e r fa t h e r a nd m ot h e r duri ng t h e s e s e v e n y e ars t h e m ilk t o b e l o ng t o t h e fo s t e r fa t h e r a nd t h e i n cr e as e o f t h e c a t t l e t o t h e fo s t e r c h ild b u t t h e fa t h e r i s t o g r a ss t h e y e a l d ky n e y e arly i f t h e fo s t e r fa t h e r h av e no t su f cie nt pas t ur a ge for I n a dd it io n t o t h i s t h e fo s t e r fat h e r a nd h is sp o us e t he m i i v t h f o s t r c h ld a ba i r n s par t a n d p o rt io n o f t h e i r e e e g w h o l e go o ds a nd g e ar w h i c h s h a ll b e l o ng t o t h e m a t t h e i r 50 w h i n i d e c e as e a s if s e was t h e r o lawful ch ld W h il e t h e cl a n v ie w e d as a s ingl e c o mm unit y t h us c o n T h Cl n s is t e d o f t h e c h ie f w i t h his k in s me n t o a c e r t ai n l im it e d Mi lli d e gre e o f r e lat io ns h ip ; t h e c o mm onal t y wh o w e r e o f t h e sam e bl o o d wh o all b o r e t h e s a m e n am e a nd hi s d e p e nd ant s c o n s is t ing o f s u b ord inat e s e p t s o f n at i v e m e n wh o d id n ot cla i m t o b e o f t h e bl o o d o f t h e c h i e f b ut w e r e e it h e r prob a bly d e sc e nd e d fr o m t h e m or e an c ie nt o ccup ie rs o f t h e s oil or w e r e bro k e n m e n from o t h e r cl a ns wh o h a d t a k e n -
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a d iv e r s io n i n fav o ur o f t h e k ing i n t h e nor t h t h at t h e ir p o w e r a s a uni t e d p e opl e was a t all re c og nis e d Th e rap i d a nd br il l iant campaigns o f M o nt r o s e s h o w e d w h a t t h e cl a ns w e r e capabl e o f e ffe ct ing w h e n br o u gh t t og e t h e r a nd sk ilfully h andl e d t h o u gh o pp o s e d by all t he p o w e r a nd influ e nc e o f G ill e spi e G rua ma c h t h e Earl o f A r gyll a nd h e ad o f t h e Th e no rm a l r e lat io n o f t he H igh lan d e rs a nd Ca mpb e lls Lo wland e rs t o e ac h o t h e r is g rap h i cally p ut by o ne o f t h e i n t e e a t e s t o f m d r wr i rs w h was t h o r o u h ly acqua d r o e n t e o g g wi t h t h e subj e c t w h e n h e says Th e inh abit ant s o f t h e Lo w lands w e r e i nd e e d awar e t h at t h e r e e x is t e d i n t h e e x t re m it y o f t h e i sl a n d am i d w i ld e r m o unt a in s a nd br o a d e r lak e s t h a n t h e ir o wn t r ib e s o f m e n c a ll e d clans l i ving e ac h u n d e r t h e rul e o f t h e ir o wn c h ie f w e a r ing a p e cul iar dre ss S p e ak ing a n u nk no w n language a nd g o ing arm e d e v e n in t h e m os t o rd i n ary a nd p e ac e abl e v o c a t io ns Th e m o r e s o u t h e r n c ou nt ie s saw sp e c im e n s o f t h e s e me n foll ow ing t h e dr o v e s o f cat t l e w h i c h w e re t he s o l e e xp o rt abl e c o mm o di t y o f t h e i r c o unt ry plai d e d b onne t e d b e l t e d a nd br og u e d a n d dr ivi ng t h e i r bull o cks as V i rg il i s sai d t o h av e S pre a d h is m an ur e wit h 2 i an a r o f T o t h e ir ne ar e r gr e at d ig nit y a nd c o ns e qu e n c e Lo wla nd n e igh b ours t h e y w e r e k no w n by m o re fi e rc e a nd fre qu e nt caus e s o f acquaint a nc e ; by t h e fo rays w h i c h t h e y m a d e up on t h e inh ab it a nt s o f t he plains a nd t h e t ri bu t e or pr ot e c t i o n m one y w h i c h t h e y e xac t e d fro m t h o s e w h o s e 3 p o ss e ss i on s t h e y spare d Re p e at e d a t t e mp t s w e r e mad e by t h e k ing s t o c ont ro l t h e N ame s nd 3? t urbul e nc e o f t he clans a n d t o bring t h e m u n d e r m o r e c o m $ 532 p l e t e subj e c t io n t o t h e go v e r nm e nt b ut i t wa s no t t ill t h e r e ign o f J am e s t h a t a s e ri o us e ffo rt was m a d e by Parl ia m e nt I n 156 6 t h e Pri vy C o un c i l i ue d le c ta ne d e B bu A l b ni c is p 1 5 1 th a t n on p e s u m a p o c l a m a tion A rti l e n t h e C u ll o d e n P p to m o l e t t h e H igh l a nd rs e s o ting i n t h Qu t e ly Re vie w f J n u y to ma rk e t in t h e L o wl a nd Col 1 8 2 6 w itt n by S ir W a l t e S c ott no t
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w h e n t h r e e v e ry i m p o r t a nt A c t s w e r e pass e d w h i c h p u t us i n p oss e ss ion o f d e t a il e d i nfo rmat io n as t o t h e n umb e r a nd na m e s o f t h e cla ns a t t h e t i m e I n 1 5 8 7 an Ac t was p a ss e d fo r t h e qu ie t ing a nd k e e p i ng i n o b e d ie n c e o f t h e d iso rd e rit s ubj e c t is i nh ab it a nt s o f t h e Bo rd e rs H igh la nds a n d I sl e s I t i s u nne c e ssary t o e nt e r i nt o a ny d e t a i l as t o t h e d e scr ip t io n g i v e n i n t h i s A c t o f t h e s t at e o f t h e s e p a r t s o f t h e c o u n t ry wh ic h is suffi c i e nt ly h ighly c o l o ur e d a nd o f t h e r e m e d ie s pr o p o s e d by t h e s t a t u t e ; b ut a nne x e d t o it are t wo r o lls — o ne o f t h e n am e s o f t h e L a ndl o rds a nd Ba ill ie s o f l a nds dw e ll ing o n t h e Bord e rs a nd i n t h e H igh la nds w h e re br o k e n m e n h as dw e l t a nd pr e s e nt ly dwe lls and t h e o t h e r o f t h e C l a ns t h a t h av e C ap t a i ns C h ie fs a nd C h i e f t a in s o n w h o m t h e y d e p e n d o f t t im e s a g a ins t t he w i ll o f t h e ir L an dl ords a s w e ll o n t h e B o rd e rs a s t h e H i h la n ds a n d o f s o m e sp e c ial g “ p e rs o ns o f bran c h e s o f t he sai d clans H e r e t h e la ndl o rd or f e udal o v e rl o rd i s d is t ingu i s h e d fr o m t h e c a p t ai n c h ie f a nd c h ie ft ain or t ribal h e ad o f t h e cla n b o t h c h ara c t e rs b e ing s o m e t i m e s u nit e d i n t h e sam e p e rs o n a nd a t o t h e r t i m e s v e s t e d in d iffe r e nt p e rs o ns N e it h e r are t he t it l e s o f cap t a in c h i e f a nd ch ie ft ain sy no nym o us Th e c a p t ai n was t h e p e rs on wh o a c t ually l e d t h e cla n w h e t h e r r e pr e s e nt i ng t he fo u nd e r o f t h e clan i n t h e m al e l i ne o r no t w h i l e t h e c h ie f was t h e Ce a nnc i ne o r h e r e d it a ry h e ad o f t h e t rib e wh o p o ss e ss e d t h at c h ar a c t e r a nd t h e c h ie ft ain t h e Ce a nnt ig he o r h e ad o f a sub o rd inat e s e p t The c h ie f was usually als o t he cap t ain b ut w h e n h e was e it h e r s e t as i d e fr o m i nc a p a c it y or t h e p re e m ine nt m il it ary a nd a dm ini s t ra t i v e t al e nt s o f a m e mb e r o f t h e cla n le d t o t he t ri b e t a k ing t h e u nusual c o urs e o f ad o p t ing hi m t o b e t h e ir l e ad e r as b e t t e r a bl e t o pr o t e c t t h e m h e was s i mply t e rm e d C ap t a in o f t h e Clan a nd t h e p o s it io n a nd t it le usu a lly r e m a ine d wi t h his d e sc e nda nt s e sp e c ially i f h e h ad o b t a ine d a fe udal t it l e t o t h e la nds 5 T he w h o l e o f t he cla n 4 5 A c t s of P a l v o l i ii p 4 62 T h us it wa s o nly a fte t h e t e m t o e ffe c t t h i s ,
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s e ld o m acqu ie sc e d i n t h e a d o p t io n o f a l e ad e r s e p a ra t e fro m t h e h e r e d it ary c h ie f a nd in e v e ry cl a n w h e r e nd a c o n t h e a c t ual h e ad o f it b o r e t h e t i t l e o f C a p t ain we t ro ve rsy a s t o t h e r igh t t o t h e c h i e fs h i p a n d a par t o f t h e 6 clan h o ld ing o ff fr o m t h e r e s t A no t h e r s t a t u t e wa s p a ss e d i n 1 5 9 4 fo r pu nis h m e nt o f 7 t h ift r e if o ppre ss io n a nd s o rning I t c o nt a in s w i t h in i t a l is t o f clans a nd surna m e s i nh a b it ing t h e H igh lands a nd I sl e s a nd l ik e w i s e a li s t o f br o k e n m e n o f surnam e s i nh ab it ing t h e s h e riffd o ms o f A rgyll Bu t e D umbar t o n S t irl ing P e r t h Fo rfar A b e rd e e n Banff Elg in Fo rre s N a i r n I n v e r n e ss a n d C r o m a r t y ; a n d s t e war t r ie s o f S t ra t h e rn e a n d M e n t e it h T h e s e l is t s o f clans a nd br o k e n m e n w it h a l is t furnis h e d by M ac V ure a c h o f t h e clans wh o j o ine d M ont r o s e gi v e s us a t o l e r a bly c o mpl e t e V i e w o f t h e s t at e o f t h e H igh l an d clans a t t h e t i m e a nd t h e y may b e t h us s t a t e d fo ll o w i ng t h e o rd e r o f t h e d is t r i c t s w h ic h t h e y inh ab i t e d T h e H ig h land d is t ric t o f t h e e a rld o m o f Le nno x was o ccup ie d by t h e C l a n Ph a rl a n e u n d o ub t e d d e sc e n d a nt s o f T he clan t ak e s i t s n a m e fr o m t h e o l d e arls o f L e nno x Parla ne o r Bar t h o l o m e w a gre at g ra nds o n o f G ilc h ris t t h ird so n o f A lain e arl o f L e nno x a n d t h e s t e ps o f t h e p e d ig re e r e s t up o n c h ar t e r e vi d e nc e N e x t t o t h e m w e re t he Clan G re go r o n t h e e as t s i d e o f Lo c h l o mo nd a nd aro u nd Lo c h I n Ba lqu h i dd e r we nd t h e C la n L a bhra n o r K a t rine h o w e v e r,
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cla n p o ss e ss ing t he larg e s t t e rri t o ry was t h e C la n D o nna c h i e w h o s e d e sc e nt fr o m D u nca n s o n o f A n dr e w d e A t h ol ia l ik e w is e r e s t s up o n c h art e r e vi d e nc e a nd wh o s e nam e o f D e A t h ol ia s ufli c ie nt ly i nd ic a t e s t h a t t h e y w e r e t he mal e r e pr e s e nt at iv e s o f t h e ol d e arls o f A t h o ll Wi t h G l e ns h e e a nd G l e nisl a is c onne c t e d a clan c a ll e d t h e C la n M Th o mas C ro ss ing t h e M ount h we nd t h e H igh la n d d is t r i c t s o f M a r a nd Buc h a n o ccup i e d by t h e C la n C h a t t a n wh o l ik e w is e w it h t h e i r b ra n c h e s a nd d e p e nd e nt s e p t s e x t e n d e d o v e r S t ra t h d e a rn S t ra t h n a irn a nd B ad e I n Ro ss s h ir e w e r e t h e n o c h i nt o t h e d i s t r ic t o f L o c h ab e r C lan A n dr e s o r Ro ss e s a nd t h e C la n K e nn e t h o r M a ck e n z ie s a nd in t h e H ig h l a n d d i s t ri c t s o f S ut h e rla n d a nd C a it h ne ss fo rm ing t he no r t h w e s t c o r ne r o f S c o t l a n d w e r e t h e C l a n M o rg a n or M ack a ys a n d t h e Cl a n G u nn Th e clans w h ic h o ccup ie d t h e pri nc i pal p o s it i o n i n t h e g r e a t d i s t r i c t o f A rgyll a nd t h e I sl e s w e r e t h e d iff e r e nt cla n s int o w h i c h t h e d e sc e n d ant s o f t h e p o w e rful L o rds o f t h e I sl e s a nd K nigh t s o f A rgyll br o k e up o n t h e t e rm inat io n o f t h e m a in l i ne T h e r e w e r e t h e Glau n D u bhg a l o r M acd o u g alls o f L o r ne d e sc e n d e d fr o m D ub h ga l t h e e ld e s t son o f S o m e rl e d t h e C la n d on ald d e sc e n d e d fr o m D o m nall s on o f Re gina ld o r Ra nal d his s e c ond son a nd t h i s g r e a t s e p t was a ga in br ok e n up int o s i x cl a n s T h e s e w e r e t h e C lan d o na ld no r t h a nd s o u t h t h at i s t h e Cl a n H i l st a i n or M ac D o nal d s o f S lat e a nd t h e Clan Eoin M or o r M a c Co nne ll s o f I sla a nd K i nt yr e d e sc e n d e d fr o m D onald e ld e s t s o n o f J o h n L o rd o f t h e I sl e s by t h e k i ng s daug h t e r a nd fr o m Eo i n M o r hi s s e c o n d son r e sp e c t i v e ly F r o m Ra n ald s on o f A l a s t e r hi s t h i rd s o n spra ng t h e C l a nra nal d o f L o c h a F r o m Eoi n Sp ra ng a ig h a nd b e r o r M a cd o nalds o f K e pp o c h A las t e r Og s o n s o f A n g us M or cam e t h e C l a n I a n o r M a c I a n s o f A rd na murc h a n a nd t h e C la n A la st e r or M a c Al a st e rs o f L o up i n K i nt yr e T he m o s t i mp o r t a n t Cl a ns af t e r t h e M a c d o n alds w e r e in A rgyll t h e C l a n OD ui bhn o r Campb e lls
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w h o s e o rig ina l s e a t was t h e d is t r i c t Of Lo c h o w a n d A rd sk e od ni c h a nd wh o succ e e d e d t o t h e i r p o w e r I n t h e I sl e s t h e C la n Le o d or M acl e o ds o f D unv e ga n a nd G l e ne lg a nd t h o s e o f Le wi s d e sc e nd e d fro m t wo br ot h e rs w e re t h e m o s t p ow e r ful ; a nd ne x t t h e m t h e C la n Gi lleoi n o r M acl e a ns o f D o wa rt a nd Lo c h b o wi e a n d t h e C lan N e ill o r M a c ne ill s o f G igh a a nd o f Barra a nd h e re we s e e t h e ol d e s t c a d e t s o ccupy i ng qu it e as pr o mine nt a p o s it io n as t h e m a in l ine The o t h e r clan s o f A rgyll a nd t h e I sl e s w e r e i n C o wall t h e Cl a n L ac h la n a nd t he C la n L a d ni a nn or L a m o nt a nd b e t w e e n L o c h Fi ne a nd Lo c h o w t h e Cla n N e a c ht a n o r M a c Na u ght o ns w h il e G l e n o rc h y was t h e o r i in al s e a t o f t h e Cla n G r e o r a nd i n L o c h g g ab e r t h e Cla nc ha mron o r C am e r o ns o f L o c h ie l h a d t h e ir ho m e I n Lo c h ab e r a nd C o l o nsay w e r e t he C lan D nbhsi thé o r M a c d uf e s a n d i n M ull a n d S ky e t h e C lan F i n a i ne or g M a c k inno ns a nd t h e C la n Gu a i re o r M a c qua rri e s T h i s wo rd Ola nu s igni fi e s S i mply c h ildr e n or d e sc e n d a nt s M ning f Cl d a nd t h e cl a n n am e t h us I m l I e s t h a t t h e m e mb e rs o f I t a re with p on l o r w e re supp o s e d t o b e d e sc e n d e d fr o m a c o mm o n an c e s t o r n m or e p o nymus a nd t h e y w e r e d is t in u is h e d fr o m e ach o t h e r 225? g 3 i l by t h e ir p a t r o nym ics t h e u s e o f surnam e s in t h e pr o p e r gég iz k e n s e ns e o f t he t e rm b e ing u nk no w n a m ong t h e m The s e pa t ro nym ics i n t h e cas e o f t h e Cea nnc i né o r c h i e f a n d t h e Ce a nnt ig hs o r h e ads o f t h e small e r s e p t s i ndica t e d t h e ir d e sc e nt fro m t h e fo u n d e r o f t he rac e or s e p t ; t h o s e o f t h e m e mb e rs o f i t wh o w e r e o f t h e k in o f t he c h ie f or c h i e ft a in s h o we d t he p e rs onal r e lat io n ; w h il e t h e c o mm onal t y o f t h e clan s impl e us e d a d e riv a t iv e fo rm o f t h e nam e o f t h e cl a n imply ing m e r e ly t h a t t h e y b e l o n e d t o it i s T h s sys t e m i g qu aint ly d e scr ib e d by J o h n Eld e r cl e rk i n his l e t t e r t o K ing H e nry t h e Eigh t h i n 1 5 4 2 o r 1 5 4 3 H e says— N o w a nd pl e as y o ur e xc e ll e n t M a e s t ie i sa d p pl w h c h i o e h e t e j inh a b it e d e S c o t la n d afo r e t h e i nc umm n o f t h e sai d A l b a n y g act us (as I h av e sai d ) b e i ng v a l ia nt s t r ong e a nd c o ura gious .
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u nt o t h i s 8 d ay e T h us t h e h e ad o f t h e w h o l e Clan D o nald wa s s imply M acd o nald t h e c h i e f o f t h e C l a n Ra na l d o f G l e ng arry M a c mhi ea la st a i r t he cap t ain o f C la n Ra nal d M a emhi c a la i n a nd o ne o f t h e c o mm o n al t y s imply D omna i l la c h o r a M acd o nald Be s i d e s t h e clan s t h e s t a t u t e s d is t ingu is h w h a t t h e y t e rm surnam e s T h e re w e r e i n L e nno x Buc h a n a n s M Ca wlis o r M acaulays a nd G albra it h s ; G ra h a me s in M o nt e i t h ; S t e wart s in A t h o ll L o rne a n d Balqu h i dd e r ; M e nz ie s e s F e rg us o ns S pald ing s a n d M a c I nt osh e s in A t h o ll ; F arquh ars ons i n Bra e mar ; M ac Ph e rs o ns in S t ra t h na irn ; G ra nt s i n S t ra t h sp e y Fras e rs in t h e A ird ; Ross e s a nd M onr o s in Ro ss ; a nd N e ils o ns in S u t h e rlan d T h e s e sur nam e s w e re o f t h r e e k inds T h e r e w e re firs t na m e s wh i c h h ad a G a e l ic fo rm as M a c a ulay a nd M acp h e rs on ; o r t h e Engl i s h e qu ival e nt o f a G a e l i c f o rm as F arqu h a rs o n F e rg us o n e t c s e c o ndly t h o s e who h ad assum e d a t e rr it o rial nam e o r w h o s e n am e b o re t h a t app e aran c e as t h e Buc h ana ns wh o l ik e w i s e b o r e t h e n am e o f M a c a nst e la n a nd t o o k t h e fo rm e r d e s ign a t i on fr o m t h e ir l a n ds G ra nt s Ro ss e s a nd M o nr o e s ; a nd t h i rdly t h o s e w h ic h w e re fo r e ign na m e s a nd o f f o re ig n d e sc e nt b ut wh o ha d b e c o m e s o ass i m ilat e d t o t h e G a e l ic p e o pl e as t o b e i d e nt ifi e d w it h t h e m i n l a ng uag e cus t o m a n d sp ir it o f clan s h i p as t he S t e wart s Fras e rs M e nz ie se s S pald ings e t c who h ad b e e n l o ng s e t t l e d in t h e H igh lan ds Th e sys t e m o f n o m e ncl a t ur e t h e r e fo r e w h i c h c h arac t e r i s e d t he clan s a nd t h e sur nam e s o f G a e l i c o rigi n was o ne ,
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r ly bas e d up o n t h e p e rs o nal na m e a nd wa s i n no r e sp e c t nd o n e xami na t io n t h a t t h e p e rs o na l t e rri t o ri al ; b u t we n am e s us e d by t h e G a e l i c p e o pl e w e r e o f d iffe r e nt k in ds a nd c o ns t it u t e d up on d ifl e re nt pr inc ipl e s T h e e arlie s t p e rs o nal nam e s us e d by t h e d iffe r e nt bra n c h e s o f t h e C e l t i c p e o pl e app e ar t o h av e b e e n form e d in t h e sam e manne r a nd re s e mbl e e a c h o t h e r i n t h e ir s t ruc t ur e On a na lys ing t h o s e b ot h o f t he Cymri c a nd t h e G a e l ic p e o pl e we c a n s e e t h a t t h e y a re c o mp o u nd e d o f t wo m o n o syllabl e s a c e r t ai n n umb e r o f w h i c h i s us e d t o f o rm t h e firs t h alf o f t h e n am e a nd a d iffe re nt s e t o f m o no syllabl e s a nne x e d a s a t e rm i na t io n a nd t h e s e a re c o mb ine d w it h e ac h o t h e r i n e v e ry vari e t y o f fo rm Th e i nit i al syllabl e s a re m o r e num e r ous t h an t h e t e rm ina l a nd it w i ll o nly b e n e c e ssary t o sp e c i fy a fe w t o i llus t r a t e t h e fo rm a t io n o f t h e s e nam e s T hus i n W e ls h A e l A e r A r t h Ca d a nd Cy n a re c o m m on i ni t ia l syllabl e s ; a nd T eyr n ' Ma rc h Gwyr a nd Gwys c o mm o n t e rm ina t io ns T h e s e fo rm in c o mb in a t io n t h e nam e s A e lgyra rc h Ca d va rc h Cy nva rc h A erd eyrn Cy n d eyr n A r t hwyl Cyn wys e t c S o in G a e l ic A e n A r t Con D nn D u bh F ea r Fi n a nd C orm a re c o mm o n 9 i nit ia l syllabl e s ; a nd C a l a n d Gus c o mm o n t e rm ina t io ns a nd fr o m t h e m a re f o rm e d A e ng a l A r ty a l Co ng a l D i l ng a l e nt i e
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D u bhg a l F e a rg a l Fi ng a l Gormg a l a nd A e ng u s Cong a s F e a r h i n t i t i n s Si m i lar f rms x s t e d am o e P c s h n a m s as e t c o e e , g g ,
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in Ung nst Urg ust , Urg a r t B e rg a r t Ga r t na id h, e t c ; a nd b e s i d e s t h e P i c t i s h fo rms w h i c h a re anal ogo us t o t h e I ris h we ,
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suc h Pi c t is h nam e s as Nea c ht a i n Fi ng a i ne e t c o ccurring in t h e H ig h lan d G e ne al ogie s The i nt r o duct io n o f C h ris t ia nit y am o ng t h e s e G a e l i c t ri b e s add e d ano t h e r class o f nam e s t o t h e s e o ld e r fo rms T h e s e w e r e fo rm e d by p re xing t h e w o rds M a ol t h a t i s bald i n t h e nd
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C i olla
[ BOOK
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III
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s e rva nt firs t t o t h e w o rds I osa o r J e sus Cr iosd o r C h ris t Fa i t lh t h e pr o p h e t Ea sp nig t h e b is h o p ; as i n M a o liosa o r C i olli osa s e rva nt o f J e sus Ill aol a n fha i dh or Gi lla nf ha id h s e rvant o f t h e pr o p h e t Gi olla c hr i osd s e rvant o f C h r is t a nd Gi lle a sp nig s e rv a nt o f t h e b ish o p : a nd s e c ondly t o t h e nam e s o f t h e fo u nd e rs a nd pa t ro n saint s o f t h e c h urc h e s as i n M a olc olni m o r Gi olla c o ln i ni s e rva nt o f S t C o lumb a ; M aolbri t le o r Gi olla br i t le s e rva nt o f S t Brid g e t ; Gi olla c ha t ta n s e rvant o f S t Ca t h a n ; Ci lla na e mh s e rva nt o f t h e s a i nt s ; Gi olla eo i n s e rva nt o f S t J o h n e t c I n t h e s e lat t e r n am e s w h e n c o mb ine d w it h t h e wo rd C l a n o r M a c i f t h e y c o mm e n c e w it h a c o ns o na nt t h e pr e fix Gi olla i s usually o m it t e d as in C la nc h a t t a n M a c C all um e t c ; b ut if t h e y c o mm e n c e w it h a v o w e l t h e y fo rm t h a t n um e r o us class o f n am e s i n w h i c h M a c i s f o ll o w e d by T h us Jll a c Gi olla e oi n b e c o m e s M acl e an ; M a c t he le t t e r L Gi olla A d amn a n M a c L e nn a n e t c Th e c o n qu e s t o f t h e W e s t e r n I sl e s a n d t h e fr e qu e n t o ccupat i on o f p a r t s o f t h e m ai nl a n d by t h e N o rw e gi an s a nd D ane s a nd t h e int e rmar ri a e s b e t w e e n t h e m a dd e d t o t h e s e f o rms a ft e r t h e nin t h g c e nt ury N o rw e gia n a nd D anis h n a me s suc h as G o dfr e d Har a ld Rag na ll S o ma rl e d e t c w h i c h b e cam e Gof ra i d h A ra lt Ra n a ld S omha i r le i n t h e H igh la n d G e n e al ogie s It m us t no t h o w e v e r b e o v e rl o ok e d t h at t h e N o rw e gia ns fre qu e nt ly g a v e t o G a e li c n a m e s a N o rw e gia n fo rm s igni fica nt i n t h e ir o wn lang uag e a s D unga d r for D onna c ha idh G r io t s e ns e
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c ons i d e r ing t h e g e n e a l ogie s o f t h e H igh l a nd cl a ns we mus t b e ar i n m in d t h at i n t h e e arly s t at e o f t h e t ribal o rg ani s a t io n t h e p e d igre e o f t h e s e p t o r clan a nd o f e ac h m e mb e r T h e i r r ig h t s o f t h e t r ib e h a d a v e ry i mp o r t a n t m e a ni ng w e r e d e r iv e d t h r o u gh t h e c o mm o n anc e s t o r a nd t h e ir r e lat ion t o him a n d t h r o ugh hi m t o e ac h o t h e r i n d i c a t e d t h e i r p o s it io n i n t h e succ e ss io n a s w e ll as t h e i r plac e in t h e all o c a t io n o f In
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T HEI R G ENEA L OGI ES
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land I n suc h a s t at e o f s o c ie t y t h e p e dig re e o c e n p ie d t he sam e p os it io n as t h e t it l e d e e d in t h e fe ud a l syst e m a nd t h e S e nn ac h ie s w e r e as muc h t h e cus t o d i e rs o f t h e r i h t s g A s l ong as o f fa m ili e s as t h e m e r e pa ne gyr i s t s o f t h e c l a n t h e G a e l i c t ri b e s a n d t h e g o v e r ning a n d d o m ina nt rac e we r e o f t h e sam e li n e a ge a nd r e g ula t e d by t h e sam e laws t h i s sys t e m mus t h av e r e maine d u nal t e r e d ; b ut w h e n t h e k ing d om wa s f o rm e d by a c o mb inat io n o f d iffe r e nt rac e s a nd t h e i nflu e nt ial class c o n s i s t e d o f a fe udal n ob i l it y w h il e t h e laws o f t h e c o u nt ry w e r e bas e d up o n fe udal pr in ci pl e s t h e p o s i t io n o f t h e G a e l i c t r ib e s mus t h av e b e e n t h at o f a p e o pl e p o s s e ss ing a cus t o mary law a nd a n u nr e cog nis e d s o c ial sys t e m o pp o s e d t o t h e l a w ac t e d up o n by t h e g o v e rn ing a u t h o r it y a nd t h e la t t e r mus t alw a ys h av e pr e v a i l e d in t h e l o ng run Wh e n t h e c o nfl ic t o f t h e s e laws in r e g ul a t ing succ e ss ion, a nd t h e fr e qu e nt i nsurr e c t io n s o f t h e G a e l i c p o pul a t i o n w i t h t h e c o nfl sc a t io n s w h ic h f o ll o w e d up o n t h e m l e d t o t h e br e a k i ng up o f t h e G ae l ic t rib e s a nd t o t h e s e ve r a n c e o f t h o s e t ie s w h i c h b o u n d t h e s e p t s o r cla ns w h i c h h ad b e e n d e v e l o p e d w it hin t h e t rib e t o e a c h o t h e r t h e p e d igre e w o uld c e a s e t o T h e c o m p e t it i o n b e b e o f valu e as b e t w e e n c la n a nd cl a n t we e n r iv a l i nt e r e s t s a n d r ival ra c e s w o uld l e ad t o t h e g rat i i n o rd e r t o c at i o n o f va nit y b e c o m ing t h e rul i ng m o t i v e maint ai n a qua si sup e rio r it y a nd l ik e w i s e wh e n t h e e x ig e ncie s o f t h e i r p o s it io n r e qu ir e d i t t o a fa ls i fica t i o n a n d i mp o s t ur e in o rd e r t o e na bl e t h e c l a ns t o m a int a in t h e ir g ro u n d in a fi e ld o f c o mp e t it io n r e g ul a t e d by fe ud a l pri nci pl e s Th e p e d i t n n a t i n r e e s mus t h e h av e b e e r e ly flu e nc e d by t h o s e i nt o g g c o mp e t it io n w it h w h o m t h e clan fa m il ie s w e r e t h r o w n a nd by t he int e r e s t s affe ct e d in c ons e qu e n c e a nd w h e n t h e g o v e rn ing class b e l o ng e d t o a k in dr e d b u t d iffe r e nt r a c e w i t h a d if fe re nt n a t io nal it y a nd n o m e ncl a t ur e t h e r e mus t alw a ys h av e b e e n a t e nd e ncy t o a ss i m il a t e t h e ir o wn t r a d it io ns t o t h o s e o f t he rul in p w rs T ll t h e n int h c e n t ury t h e H ig h l a n d e i o g t h e t r ib e
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L
T HE C A NS A ND
T HEI R G ENEA L OG IES
[ BOOK
.
III
.
rul ing p o w e rs w e r e o f t he sam e rac e D uring t h e t wo succ e e d i ng c e nt uri e s t h e s e t ri b e s app e ar t o h av e re ma ine d i nt ac t w h il e t h e d o m ina t ing rac e a nd t h e cl e rgy w e r e o f a k indr e d rac e t h o u g h o f a d iffe r e nt n a m e a nd n a t io n al it y a nd t h e n am e o f S c o t i a b e c a m e t ra nsfe rr e d fr o m I re la nd t o S c o t la nd F e ud al ism t h e n c o mm e n c e d a nd spr e ad o v e r t h e c o u nt ry a nd t h e r e igns o f t h e k ing s o f t h e s e c o n d S c o t t is h dyn as t y fro m t h e acc e ss io n o f D av i d t h e Firs t t o t h e d e at h o f A l e x a n d e r t h e T h i rd was t h e p e r io d o f t h e br e ak i ng up a nd t h e c o m pl e t e e s t abl i s h m e nt o f t h e cla n o f t h e t ri b e s sys t e m a n d t h is l ik e wi s e wa s t h e p e r io d o f t h e m a nipula t io n o f t h e C h r o ni cl e s a nd t h e g radu a l fo rma t i o n o f t h at S pur i o us sys t e m o f na t ional h is t o ry w h ic h o rig ina t ing in t h e e c c l e si a s t ic a l pr e t e n s i o ns o f S t A n dr e ws wa s d e v e l o p e d duri ng t h e r a c o nt r o v e rsy r e g ard ing t h e i nd e p e n d e n c e o f S c o t la nd e t g a nd b a s e d up o n a S c o t t i s h n at i o n al i t y a nd t h e supp o s e d c o l o ni s at ion o f t h e c o u nt ry l ong b e fo r e t h e Ch r is t ian e ra by S c o t a a nd h e r S c o t t is h d e sc e n dant s t ill it was fi na lly r e duc e d I t s l e a d ing fe at ur e s w e r e t o a sys t e m by J o h n o f Fo rd un t h e c o l o ni s a t io n o f t h e H ig h lan ds by S c o t s i n t h e t h i rd c e n t ury b e f o r e C h r i s t t h e i r c o nv e rs io n i n t h e s e c o n d c e nt ury by t h e r e l ics o f S t A n d r e w t h e o ccupat io n o f t h e m o u nt a in r e gio n o f t h e no r t h by t h e Pi c t s e nt ir e ly ig no re d a nd t h at p e o pl e r e l e gat e d t o t h e pl a in s o f t h e L o wlands wh e n t h e y w e r e fi nally e x t e rm inat e d by t h e S c ot s i n t he nint h c e nt ury I t i s h a rdly t o b e e xp e c t e d t h a t t he cl a n s s h o uld no t h av e claim e d t h e ir s h are in t h e s e l e g e nd a ry gl o ri e s or t h at t h e y s h o uld h av e l o s t t h e w i s h t o maint ain a s e parat e d e sce nt w it h t h e g r a dual d isapp e ara nc e o f i t s t rad it i o n a nd t h us t h i s n e w a nd pr e p o n d e ra t ing i n flu e n c e w o uld n a t urally pr o duc e t h e firs t gr e at c hang e i n t h e cl a n p e d ig r e e s T h i s c h ange is v e ry cl e arly e xp o s e d in t h e r e mark a bl e l e t t e r alre ady qu o t e d o f J o hn Eld e r cl e rk a Re d d e sh a nk e t o K ing H e nry t he Eight h I n t h at l e t t e r h e t h us gi v e s t h e o rigi n o f t h e Yrisc h e Lo rds t r i b e s a nd t h e
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c o mm only call e d t h e Re d d sh a n c k e s a n d by hi s t oriogr a p h e rs P i c t s S c o t lan d h e s a ys b e fo r e t h e i n c o m ing o f A lb a na c t u s Bru t us s s e c o n d so n wa s i nh a b it e d as we r e ad in a nc ie nt Yrisc h e s t o r ie s w it h g ia nt s a n d w ild p e o pl e wit h o u t o rd e r c iv il it y o r m ann e rs a nd S p e a ks n o ne o t h e r lang uag e b ut Yrish e a nd was t h e n call e d Ey ry n ve a gg t h a t i s t o say L i tt l e I rl a n d a nd t h e p e o pl e w e r e c al li t Ey ry ngh e But aft e r t h e i n c o m ing o f A lb a t h at i s t o say I rl a n d m e n nac t us i n r e duc i ng t h e m t o o rd e r a nd c i v ili t y t h e y c h a ng e d t h e f o r e s a i d n a m e Eyry n v e a gg a nd call e d i t A lb o n a n d t h e ir o w h e n am e s a ls o a nd c a ll e d t h e m A lb o nygh e ; w h i c h t wo Yrisc h e w o rd e s A lb o n t h a t i s t o s a y S c o t la n d a nd Al b o ny gh e t h at i s t o sa y S c o t t is h me n b e d e ri v e d fr o m A l b a nac t u s o u r firs t go v e rn o r a nd k ing A t t h e t i me J o h n Eld e r wr o t e Yris h e af t e rwards c o rrup t e d in t o Ers e was curr e nt ly us e d for G a e l ic a nd d e duc t i ng t h e n o ns e n s e a b o u t Ey ry n v e a gg w h i c h s e e ms a fan cy o f h is o wn t h i s i s t h e l e g e n d a ry s t o ry c ont a ine d i n o ur e a rl ie s t d o cum e nt s b e fo r e t h e C h r oni cl e s w e re t a mp e r e d w it h ; b ut t h e n h e g av e in t o s ay w h i c h d e ri vat ion t h e p a p is t ical curs e d sp irit ual it y o f S c ot l a n d wi ll n ot h e ar i n no m a nne r o f w is e nor c o nfe ss t h a t e v e r suc h a k ing Th e w h i c h d e ri va t i o n all nam e d Alb a n a c t u s r e igne d t h e r e t h e Yri sc h e m e n o f S c o t la nd w h i c h b e t h e an c i e nt s t o ck c a nno t n o r w ill n o t d e ny B ut o ur s a i d b i s h o ps h e a dds d e rive t h S c o t l a n d a n d t h e ms e lv e s fr o m a c e r t a in l a dy n am e d S c ot a w h i c h c a m e o u t o f Egyp t a m i ra cul o us h o t c o u nt ry t o re cr e at e h e rs e lf a m o ng s t t h e m in t h e c o ld a ir o f S c o t la nd 10 w hi c h t h e y canno t affirm by n o pr o b a bl e a n c ie nt au t h o r Th e cla ns h o w e v e r w e r e s o o n aft e r t h r o w n i nt o r a p i dly S ond h ng i ncre a s ing c o nt ac t w i t h t h o s e o f I r e l a nd a p e o pl e p o ss e ss ing I nfl u n f I i h s im il a r p e d ig r e e s a nd S e nnac h ie s surp a ss ing t h o s e o f S c o t l a nd S nn c hi e in info rma t io n a n d acqu ire m e nt s T h e n at i v e S e nnac h ie s by d e gre e s fe ll int o t h e b a ck gr o u nd a nd t h e clan s b e g a n t o t ak e of
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10
V OL I I I .
.
C o lle c t a ne a d c B e bus A lba n i c is ,
pp
.
26, 27
.
.
c e
L
T HEI R G ENEA LOGI ES
T HE C A NS A ND
t h e ir S e nnac h ie s
[ BOO K
.
III
.
fr o m t he r ival r a c e T h e firs t c o nne ct ion b e t w e e n t h e m w h ic h h ad t h i s e ffe c t was t h e marriage o f A ng us L ord o f t h e I sl e s wh o ass is t e d B ruc e in his s t ru ggl e fo r t h e cr o w n w it h t h e d a u g h t e r o f O Ka ne L o rd o f F e r m a na gh a nd w i d o w o f t he g re a t O N e ill D uring t h e t wo fo ll o w ing c e nt uri e s s e p t s o f t h e H ig h lan d clans w e r e e m pl oy e d as aux ili arie s by t he g re a t no r t h e rn L o rds o f I r e l a nd u nd e r t h e nam e o f Ga llog la c h o r fo re ign s o ld ie rs c omm only call e d G all og lass e s T h e re i s a mpl e e v i d e nc e t h at during t h i s p e r io d a g r e a t pr o p o r t i o n o f t h e H ig h lan d S e nn ac h ie s w e re I ris h a nd t h a t all r e v e r t e d t o I r e lan d fo r ins t ruc t ion i n I t c o uld h ardly h av e b e e n o t h e rwi s e t h a n t h at t h e i r art w i t h t h e d is a pp e a ranc e o f t h e old H ig h l a nd p e digre e s e v e ry pr e sump t io n a nd a nal og y w o ul d h a v e driv e n t h e s e S e nna c h ie s t o t h e b e t t e r pr e s e rv e d I ri s h p e d ig r e e s t o r e pl a c e w h a t h ad b e e n l o s t by c onne c t ing t h e m m o re d i r e c t ly w it h t h e I ri s h t ri b e s a nd t h us t h e s e c o n d g r e a t c h ang e i n t h e c h arac t e r o f For t h e cla n ge ne al ogie s t h e ir p e d ig r e e w o uld b e pr o duc e d a nd a t t h i s t i m e we m u s t t h e r e f o r e r e f e r t o t h e I ri s h M S S t h e y a re in fa c t t h e o ld e s t p e d ig r e e s w h i c h h av e b e e n p re nd t h e m are s e rv e d Th e MS c o ll e c t io ns i n w h i c h we firs t t h e Bo o k o f Ballimo t e c o mp il e d in t h e y e ar 1 3 8 3 t h e B o ok o f L e cain c o mp il e d in 1 40 7 a nd a M S b e l o nging t o t h e F acul t y o f A dv o c a t e s b e ar ing t h e dat e 1 4 6 7 b ut t h e a l ogie s i n w h i c h a re o bvi o usly d e ri v e d fr o m t h e sam e n e e g 11 s o urc e as t h o s e i n t h e Boo k o f Ba llimot e To t h e s e may b e add e d a fe w g e ne a l ogie s i n o t h e r M S S a nd t h o s e p re s e rv e d by M a e V u ric h in t he Bo o k o f C l a n Ba na l d I n t h e s e M S S we nd d e t a il e d p e dig re e s o f m o s t o f t h e clans e num e rat e d in t h e A c t s o f P a rl iam e nt o f 1 5 8 7 a nd 1 5 9 4 a nd o f s e v e ral cla ns n o t t h e r e m e nt i o ne d as w e ll as o f s o m e .
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l a t e r p o r t io n o f t h e s e p e d ig r e e s as far back a s t he ep onymus or c o mm o n a n c e s t o r fr o m w h i c h t h e cla n t ak e s i t s na m e a re i n g e ne ral t o l e rably w e ll v o uch e d The Old e r par t o f t h e a nd may b e h e ld t o b e au t h e n t i c p e d igr e e w ill b e fo u n d t o b e p a r t ly h i s t o rical a nd par t ly S o far a s t h e s e l inks i n t h e g e n e al o gi c c h ai n c o n my t h i c n e e t t h e cla ns w i t h e a c h o t h e r w i t h i n w h a t m ay b e t e rm e d t h e h i s t o ri c p e ri o d t h e p e d igr e e m ay b e g e n ui ne ; b ut t h e links w h i c h c o nne c t t h e m w it h t h e my t h i c g e n e al o g i e s o f t h e e l a b o rat e sys t e m o f e arly I ri s h h i s t o ry w h e n a nalys e d pr o v e I n e xa m ining t o b e e nt ir e ly ar t i fic i al a nd u n t rus t w o r t h y t h e nat ur e o f t h e s e p e d igr e e s it w ill b e c o n v e n ie nt t o g r o up t h e m acc o rd ing t o t h e i r supp o s e d c o nne c t io n w i t h t h e 12 l e g e ndary rac e s o f e arly I ris h h is t o ry Th e firs t g r o up c o n s is t s o f t h e C l a n Ca ili n o r C ampb e lls a n d t h e C l a n L eo d o r M ac Le o d s wh o a re br o u g h t fr o m a my t h i c p e rs o nag e viz F erg us L e i t h B e rg s o n o f N e med h wh o l e d a c o l o ny o f N e m e d ia n s fro m I r e lan d t o S c o t l a nd T h i s N e me dia n c ol o ny b e l ong s t o t h e o ld e r l e g e ndary h is t o ry o f S c o t la n d b e fo r e t h e C h r oni cl e s w e r e c o rrup t e d a nd m a y t h e r e fo r e ind i c a t e t h e s e clan s as fo rm i ng p a r t o f t h e o ld e r On e xam i ni ng t h e i nh ab it a nt s o f t h e d i s t ri c t s t h e y o ccupy f h al y t e C a m pb e lls we may c o n s i d e r i t as a u t h e nt i c o n o e e g g s o n o f G ill a c o l u m a s far b a ck as D u n ca n s o n o f G ill e as p i c wh o i s c e rt ainly t h e D u n c a n M D u ib h n s o n o f D uib n e m e nt io ne d in o ne o f t h e A rgyll c h art e rs as p o ss e ss ing Lo c h o w a n d A rd sk e o d nic h a nd wh o was c o nt e mp o rary w it h A l e xan d e r t h e S e c on d A s t h e C ampb e lls w e r e u n d oub t e dly 13 k no wn in G a e l i c as t h e Cla n 0 D ui bne t h e g e ne al o gy as fa r back a s t h at e p o nymus o f t h e r a ce is pr o bably au t h e nt i c ; b ut as s oo n as we pass t h at l i nk we nd o urs e lv e s in c o nt a c t of
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T HEIR G ENEA L OG I ES
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P e ndrag on a nd t h e o t h e r h e r o e s o f t h e A r t h ur ian l e ge nd Wit h t h e M acl e o ds we c a n no t p ro c e e d s o far b a c k as L e o d t h e e p o n ymus o f t h e cl a n c a nno t b e plac e d e arl ie r t h a n t h e m i ddl e o f t h e t h ir t e e nt h c e nt ury ; a n d as s o o n as we pass t h e s e l i nks i n t h e c h a i n o f hi s p e d igr e e w h i c h h av e G a e l ic n am e s we plu nge i nt o a c o n fus e d l is t o f nam e s p a r t ly G a e l i c a nd par t ly o f N o rw e gi an a nd D a ni s h k in s o f t h e I sl e s w it h w h i c h t h e y a re m i x e d g up t ill we r e ac h t h e my t h i c F e rg us L e i th B erg w h o s e ra ds b ars t h n e N o rw e gia n n a m e o f A ra il t o r Harald o n e g c e nt ur i e s b e fo r e t h e N o rw e gi an s mad e t h e i r app e ara n c e i n T h e e arl ie r p o r t i o n t h e n o f t h e s e t wo g e ne al og ie s t h e I sl e s is o bv io usly ar t ific i a l Th e n e x t g r o up c o ns i s t s o f t h e supp o s e d d e sc e n dant s o f C o lla U a is s o n o f Eoc h a id h D o im l e in k ing o f I re lan d a nd c o mpr is e d t h e clans d e sc e n d e d fro m S o m e rl e d t h e p e t t y k ing o f t h e g r e a t d is t r i c t o f A r gyll i n t h e r e ig n o f M alc o lm t h e Fo ur t h T h e s e ge ne al ogi e s as far b a ck as t h e i r g r e a t a n c e s t o r His fat h e r Gi lla br i d e S o m e rl e d a re u n d o ub t e dly au t h e nt i c a nd h i s g ra n dfa t h e r Gi lla a d omn a n b o t h pur e ly G a e l i c fo rms r e s t on t h e au t h or i t y o f t h e I ri s h A nnals a nd I m e rg i t h e r a n d fat h e r o f t h e l a t t e r pr o bably t h e J e h ma rc i wh o s g app e a rs as a C e l t i c p e t t y k ing i n t h e y e ar 1 0 31 Be y on d t h i s we h av e no fix e d dat e b u t b e t w e e n him a nd C o lla U a is w h o s e d e a t h i s plac e d a t 3 2 3 we h av e o nly s e v e n n am e s n r a p e ri o d o f 7 0 0 y e ars o r o ne h u n dr e d y e ars t o a i f o v e g n a t ion i i i i r w h c h mp ss bl b r e e s o a n d e t a ys t h e a r t i fic ial e g c h arac t e r of t h is p a r t o f t h e p e d igr e e Th e t h i rd g r o up c o ns i s t s o f cla ns supp o s e d t o b e d e sc e nd e d fro m t h e Hy N e ill o r r a c e o f N e i ll na oi g i a lla c h k ing o f I r e la nd w h ic h bring s us ne ar e r h is t o r ical t im e s T h e y c ons is t o f t h e L am on ds t h e Clan L ac h la n t h e M ac Ew e ns o f Ot t e r a nd a Cla n S oma i rle w h i c h h as no t b e e n T h e s e cl a n s a re a ll t ak e n b a ck t o a c e r t a in i d e nt i fi e d a nd
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an ce s t o rs o f t h e O N e il ls Fr o m A o d a s s o n G illa cris t t h e C lan La c h l a n c a me a nd fro m a not h e r s o n D uinsle ib e t h e L am o nds M ac Ewe n s a n d C la n S o ma irle Th e g e n e a l ogy o f t h e L am on ds 1 s au t h e nt ic as far back as Fe are h ar t he s o n o f D uin sl e ib e b u t Fe rc h ar s so n a nd g ran d s o n a re m e nt i o ne d i n a c h a r t e r i n w h il e t h e d e a t h o f A o d h a A l ain is r e c o rd e d i n 1 0 4 7 a n d t h us o nly t h re e g e n e rat io ns a re p l a c e d in t wo c e nt ur ie s T h is d e r iv a t ion t o o i nv o l ve s t he d ifli c ul t y o f supp o s ing t h a t C o wa ll was p e o pl e d fr o m I r e l a n d i n t h e e l e v e nt h c e nt ury a c o l o ny o f w hi c h t h e r e i s not a t rac e i n h i s t o ry ; b ut as t h e s e cla n s a re l o cally g r o up e d t og e t h e r we m a y acc e p t t h e ge n e al o gi e s as i n d ica t ing t h a t t h e y ha d a c o mm o n o r ig in Th e fo urt h gr o up c ons is t s o f t he ol d e arls o f Le nno x a nd M ar s a i d t o b e d e sc e n d e d fr o m M a i ne Lea mna a nd Ca i r bre Cru i thnea c h s o n s o f C o re s o n o f Lu gh a igh k ing o f M u ns t e r ; b ut t h e art i fic ial c h arac t e r o f t h i s d e sc e nt is h e r e v e ry app a r e nt fo r A il in t h e firs t e a rl o f L e nn o x wh o l iv e d i n t he b e gi n ning o f t h e t h ir t e e nt h c e nt ury is m ad e t h e gr e a t a i ne L e a mna w h o s e f a t h e r w a s a c o nt e mp o rary a ds f M n o n o r g o f S a i nt Pa t r i ck i n t h e fift h c e nt ury Th e r e s t o f t h e H igh la nd clan s w h o s e g e ne al o gie s a re t o b e f ou n d in t he I r i s h M S S a re all br o ugh t fr o m t h e D a lria d ie T h e s e clans are mainly c o nne c t e d w it h t h e pr o vin c e S cot s o f M o ray a n d Ro ss a nd t h us we h av e t h e g r e a t a no m a ly pre s e nt e d t o us t h at t h e cl a n s fo rm i ng t h e gre at bulk o f t h e i nh ab it ant s o f A rgyll a nd t h e I sl e s — suc h as t h e Campb e lls t h e g r e a t r a c e o f t h e M acd o u g a lls o f L o rn a nd M acl e o ds a nd t h e M a cd o nalds o f t h e I sl e s a n d K i n t yr e a n d t h e M a c L achlans a nd La m o n ds o f Co wa ll— a re n ot c onne c t e d by 1 2 30 e t 1 2 46 i nt f K il m D u n c nu l iu s F C h te c ha l iu s M l o l m i C h t ul y of P isle y p 1 32 ; c o n t L uma nn u s j u d m D u n c a ni to t h e fi m d by A ngus s n o f D un c a n ne p o i n 12 7 0 m on a t e y f P i l y o f t h e l n d ’
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w it h t he D a l ria d ie c ol o ny b ut t h i s o r ig in is r e s e rv e d for t he m o r e e as t e r n cl a ns o f t h e c e nt ral H igh la n ds T h e r e is t o o t he furt h e r a no maly t h a t t h e s e cl a ns a re n ot d e duc e d fr o m t h e t rib e o f Ga bhra n w h ic h furnis h e d k i ng s t o D a l ri a d a a nd fr o m w h i c h t h e S c o t t is h dy nas t y f o u nd e d by K e nne t h M a e Alp i n pr obably spra ng b ut fr o m t h e t rib e o f L o rn w h ic h fur nis h e d t wo k ing s o nly t o D a lria d a a nd o nly cam e t o t h e fro nt t o b e i mm e d iat e ly a nnih il a t e d by t h e P ic t is h m o narc h i n 7 36 a nd t h e n d isapp e ar e nt ire ly fro m h is t o ry T he l inks i n t he c h ain o f a n c e s t ry w h ic h c o nne c t t h e s e c l a ns w i t h t h e t r i b e o f L o r n h o w e v e r pr e s e nt t h e sam e fe a t ur e s o f ar t ifici al c o ns t ruc t io n w h i c h c h arac t e ri s e t he ot h e r I n e xa m ining t h e s e we mus t g ro up t h e m i n fo ur class e s F irs t t h o s e br o u gh t fro m F e a reha r F a d a k ing o f D al ri a d a o f t h e t rib e o f L o rn wh o d ie d in 6 9 7 T h e s e a re firs t t h e M orma ers o f M o ray T h i s g e ne al ogy is pr o bably c o rr e c t e no ug h up t o Rua dhri wh o is mad e s o n o f A i rc e all a e h son o f F e rc h ar ; b ut all o w i ng t h e usual av e rag e o f t h ir t y y e ars t o a g e ne rat io n Rua d hri fl o ur is h e d ab o u t t h e y e ar 8 4 0 t h at is was c o n t e mp o rary w it h K e nne t h M a c A l p in w h il e t he d e a t h o f his supp o s e d fa t h e r A irc e a ll a e h by w h o m A i nb h c e ll a c h i s pr o bably m e a n t i s r e c o rd e d i n 7 1 9 Th e n fo ll o ws t h e g e n e al ogy o f t h e M a c Na ugh t o ns w h o s e e p o nymus Ne a c h t a i n M or is mad e t h e so n o f D o mna ll D ui nn son o f F e are h a r F ada ; b u t N e a e h t a i n M o r ca nn o t b e plac e d e arl ie r t h an t h e b e ginning o f t h e n int h c e nt ury a nd h e t oo mus t h av e b e e n c on t e mp o rary w i t h K e nne t h M a c A lp i n w h il e his supp o s e d n h e e n t i i w d t ra dfa h r d d T h s f ll by i n 6 i s o o e e e 7 9 g g e al og y o f t h e C la n C h a t t a n a nd h e r e t h e a no maly i s s t i l l g r e a t e r for Gi lla c ha t t a n t he e p o nymus o f t h e rac e mus t h av e fl o ur i sh e d i n t h e e l e v e n t h c e nt ury b u t b e t w e e n him a n d F e a re h a r F ada a re o nly fo ur l inks during t h r e e c e nt urie s a n d a h a l f Of t h e s e l inks t h e fa t h e r C a ll b ra it a nd t h e g ra ndfat h e r D i arm a da cal le d t h e F e a rle ig hi nn or L e c t o r are pr o bably t h e i r ge ne al og ie s
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h is t o ri cal A l o ng w it h t he s e t he C la n C a m e ro n a re pl a c e d t h o u g h t h e i r g e ne al o gy d oe s no t S h o w t h e c o nne c t io n w i t h T h e y w e r e u nd o ub t e dly a k i ndr e d t r ib e w it h t he D a lri a d s .
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c o nne c t e d w it h a F e a r e ha r A bra r u a d h s o n o f F e ra d a c h Fi nn a nd t h e r e f o r e a br o t h e r o f Fe are h a r F ada b ut u nk no w n t o h is t o ry a nd t h e o nly g e ne al o gy p re s e rve d i s t h at o f t h e Cla n Gi lla e oi n o r M acl e ans T h is g e ne a l ogy i s giv e n w it h so muc h m i nu t e ne ss up t o a c e r t a in S e a n D u bhg a l Sg oi nne o r Old D u g ald o f S c e ne a nd t h e e c c l e s i as t ic a l c h arac t e r o f t h e upp e r l i nks a re so o bv i o u s t h a t it i s d ifficul t t o av oi d r e gard ing i t as s o far t rus t w o r t h y T h is D ub h ga l h as a so n Ra ing c e ; a n d h e h as t h r e e s o n s Cu d u ilig abb o t o f Le asa mo r t h a t is lay abb o t o f t h e m o n as t e ry o f L i sm o r e i n A r ylls h i r e fr o m w h o m d e sc e nd e d Gi lla eoi n g t h e e p o nymus o f t h e cla n Cu c ha t ha fr o m w h om spra ng t h e Cla n Chon c ha t ha in t h e d is t r i c t o f L e nno x by w h o m p o ss ibly t he C ol q uho uns a re m e a nt ; a nd Cu si t he fr o m w h o m cam e t h e Cla n Consi t he o f Fi fe w h i c h h as no t b e e n i d e n t i fi e d A cc o rd ing t o t he usual c a lcul a t i o n o ld D u gald o f S c o n e mus t h av e fl o uris h e d ab o u t 1 1 0 0 a nd i n a p e rambulat io n o f t he lands o f Ky rk ne sse a n d L o c h o w in t h e d i s t ri c t o f Fo r t re nn no t l o ng aft e r t h at da t e w e nd t h e arb it e rs w e r e C o ns t a nt ine e arl o f Fi fe M a gn us J u d e x o r Mor ma e r in S c ot l and D ufg al s o n o f M o e c h e wh o was ag e d j ust a n d v e ne r abl e (se nece j u stus e t r e nera bili s) a nd M e l d o inne t h son o f M ac h e d a t h a go o d a nd d iscr e e t j ud ge (j u d ex bonus e t d i se re 15 t u s) I t c a n h ardly b e d o ub t e d t h a t t h i s D ufg a l s e n e x i s t h e S ea n D ubhg a l o f S c o n e o f t h e p e d i r e e b u t in t h a t ge n e a g l ogy h e is mad e t h e son no t o f M o e c h e b ut o f Fe are h a r A b rarua d h wh o mus t b e pl a c e d fo ur c e nt ur i e s e arl ie r T h e n e x t g r o up i s br o ug h t fr o m D oni na i ll D u i nn son o f F ea r a d ha c h F inn a nd c o ns i s t s o f t h e Cla n L a hkr a u o r The
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r e maining g e ne al ogie s in t h e s e M S S h av e o ne c o m m o n fe a t ur e t h at t h e g e ne al o gy o f e a c h o f t h e cla ns c o nt ain s in i t t h e na m e o f C o rmac s o n o f A irb e rt a c h b ut h e i s d iffe r e nt ly c o nne ct e d w it h t h e l ine o f L o r n a nd i s plac e d i n many o f t h e g e ne al ogie s a t a d i ffe r e nt p e rio d T h e y ma y b e t h us g r o up e d T he firs t c o n s i s t s o f t h e Cla n A n d re s o r Ro ss e s t h e Cla n Ca i nig o r M ack e n z ie s a nd t h e Cla n M a tg a mma o r M a t h e s o ns T h e s e a re a ll bro u gh t fro m a c o mm o n a n c e s t o r Ci lle oi n n a ha i r d e or G il l e o n o f t h e A ird by w h i c h no d o ub t t h e m o u nt a ino us r e g io n i n t h e c e nt r e o f Ro ss s h ir e t h e o ld nam e o f w h i c h was A i rd ro s s or t h e A i rd of Ro ss i s m e a nt Th e Ro ss e s a nd M at h e s on s a re br o u gh t fro m his so n C ri s t in a n d t h e M ack e n z i e s fr o m a no t h e r so n G ill e o n Og fa t h e r o f G ille on n a Ca i nig o r K e n n e t h t h e e p o ny m us o f t h e cl a n h A i r d e i s mad e g ra nds o n o f Loarn so n o f F e a re h a r s o n o f C o rmac mac A irb e rt a c h a nd t h e usual calcula t io n w o uld plac e Co rmac i n t h e t e nt h c e nt ury ; b ut his fa t h e r A irb e r t ac h i s mad e s o n o f Fe ra d a c h a n d br o t h e r o f Fe a re h a r Fada Th e
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br ou g ht fr o m Fe are ha r son o f C o rm a c ; b ut t h e c o nne ct ing l inks a re s h o r t e r a nd bring h i m d o w n t o t wo c e nt ur ie s l a t e r T he M a c na b s are l ik e w i s e br o ugh t fr o m L o arn s o n o f F e a r e h a r s o n o f C o rmac w h ic h w o uld r e l e a t e him a ls o t o t h e g t e nt h c e n t ury ; b ut i n t h i s g e ne a l o g y i n s t e ad o f plac i ng C o rm a c i n i mm e d iat e c o nn e c t io n w i t h F e a ra d a c h h e is m a d e s on o f Erc s o n o f D o mna ill D uinn s o n o f F e are h a r A bra rua d h t h u s c o rr e sp o n d in m o r e w it h t h e e arly par t o f t h e g The C lan g e ne a l og y o f t he C la n La b h ra n a n d C l a n A id h G re go r i s l ik e w is e br o u gh t fro m C o rmac by a so n A innria s o r A n dre w a n d by t h i s e n e al o g y h e is pl a c e d in t h e t w e lf t h g c e nt ury a nd is mad e son o f Fe a re h ar C ig s o n o f Fe a re h a r Fa d a wh o d ie d i n 6 9 7 Th e las t g r o up c o n s i s t s o f t h e Cla n ,
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c a ll e d Gi lla mha ol a nd G il la a a mna n i s br o u g h t h s al s rmac n e o i e o B t e e e C g y g g d own a c e nt ury la t e r a nd t hi s i s pr obably his t ru e d at e a nd as a n a nc e s t o r o f t h e s e cl a n s h e i s als o pr ob a bly a n h i s t o ri cal p e rs o nag e for i n t h e g e ne a l ogy o f t he Cla n Gi lla mha ol i t i s add e d t h at his fat h e r A irb e rt a c h p o ss e ss e d t w e lv e t r ib e s o r s e p t s (T re a bh ) am o ng t h e N o rw e g ia ns— viz i n Gr ea g r a id he o f t h e w a rri o rs c o mm o nly call e d M ull a nd in T i r e e a n d in Cra obhi ni s by w h i c h I o n a i s m e a nt w h il e it i s i n M ull a nd t h e n e ig h b o uring i s l a n ds t h a t t h e M a e le n na ns a nd Ma c qu a rry s h ad t h e ir p o ss e ss io n s ; b ut i n t h e s e g e ne al ogie s A irb e rt ac h is mad e s o n o f M u rc e rt ac h so n o f F e a rc h a r 0 g a nd b e t w e e n t h e la t t e r a n d F e a re h a r F ad a t h e na m e s o f M a cb e t h a nd his fat h e r Fi nnla e c h w h i c h r e ally b e l o ng t o t he ge ne a l o gy o f t he M o r ma e rs o f M o r a y a re i nt r o duc e d I t i s t h us o bv io us h o w ar t i fic ia l t h e e a rl ie r l i nks o f t h e s e of
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b e aring t he s h o r t b ut m o s t pr e gna nt t it l e T h a t t h e inh ab it a nt s o f t h e I l is a nd Hie l a nd is s h aw t h e i r ha ld ing s T h is A c t pr o c e e ds o n t he n arrat i v e t h a t t h e inh ab it a nt s o f t h e H ig h la nds a nd I sl e s o f t h is r e alm w h i c h a re fo r t h e m o s t par t o f his H ig h ne ss s a nne x e d pr o p e r t y h as n o t o nl y frus t ra t e d his M aj e s t y o f t h e y e arly p a ym e nt o f his pr o p e r r e nt s a nd d ue s e r vi c e add e b t e d by t h e m t o h is M aj e s t y fur t h o f t h e said lands b ut t h a t t h e y h ave l i k e w i s e t h ro ug h t h e ir bar bar o us inh umanit y mad e a nd pre s e nt ly mak e s t h e said H ig h l ands a nd I sl e s w h ic h are m o s t c o mm o d io us i n t h e ms e lv e s so a s w e ll by t h e fe r t i l it y o f t h e r u n d as by r i c h hi n s b e o s g g a l t o e t h e r u n pr o fi t a bl e b o t h t o t h e m s e lv e s a n d t o all o t h e rs g his H igh ne ss s l ie g e s w i t h in t h is r e a l m t h e y n e it h e r i nt e rt e in i ng a ny c iv il o r h o ne s t s o c i e t y a m o ngs t t h e ms e lv e s n e it h e r adm i t t d o t h e rs his H i h ne ss s l ie e s t o t ra fli c w i t h in e t e y g g t he ir b o u n ds w it h safe t y o f t h e i r l iv e s a nd g oo ds ; a n d i n may t h e b e t t e r b e r e duc e d t o a ne go dly o rd e r t h a t t h e y h one s t a nd c ivil ma nne r o f l ivi ng I t is s t a t u t e a nd o rda i ne d t h at all la ndl o rds c h ie ft a in s a n d l e ad e rs o f cl a ns pri nc ipal h o us e h old e rs h e rit o rs a nd o t h e rs p o ss e ss o rs o r pr e t e n d ing righ t t o a ny lands w it h i n t h e H ig h l a n ds a n d I sl e s s h all b e t wi x t t h i s a nd t h e f t e e nt h day o f M a y ne x t t o c o me c o m p e ar b e fo r e t he L o rds o f his H igh ne ss s Exc h e qu e r a t Ed inburg h o r w h e r e i t s h a ll h app e n t o s it for t h e t im e a nd t h e r e br ing a nd pr o duc e w i t h t h e m all t h e ir i nf e f t m e nt s ri h t s a nd t it l e s g wh at s o m e v e r w h e re by t h e y cla im r igh t a nd t it l e t o a ny par t o f t h e l a nds a nd s h i ng s w i t h in t he b o u n ds f o r e s a i d a nd t h e n nd suffic ie nt cau t io n ac t e d in t h e b o o ks o f Exc h e qu e r for y e a rly a nd t h an kful paym e nt t o h is M aj e s t y o f h i s r e nt s ye a rly du t ie s a nd s e rvi c e a dd e d it by t h e m fur t h o f t h e l a n ds p oss e ss e d a nd o ccup ie d by t h e m o r a ny i n t h e ir nam e s a nd t h at t h e y t h e ms e lv e s t h e ir m e n t e na nt s s e rva nt s a nd d e p e nd a nt s S h a ll b e a nsw e rabl e t o h is H igh ne ss s laws a n d J us t ic e s Th e p e n al t y i m p o s e d up o n t h e m i n c a s e o f t h e ir ’
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c a u t io n was t h a t t h e y w e r e t o fo rfe it am it a nd t y ne (l o s e ) all pr e t e n d e d i nfe ft m e nt s a nd o t h e r r igh t a nd t it l e t h e y h a v e o r may pr e t e n d t o h av e t o la ds w a v r h y h a v e h o ld e n o r pr e t e n d t o h o ld o f an n h t t e e e y hi s M aj e s t y e i t h e r i n pr op e r t y o r sup e r io rit y w h ic h t h e ir pr e t e nd e d infe ft m e nt s a nd t it l e s t h e r e o f i n c ase o f failur e a re n o w as t h e n a nd t h e n as no w d e cl a r e d by t h i s pr e s e nt Parl iam e nt t o b e null a nd o f n o a vai l fo rc e o r e ffe c t in 17 t h e ms e lv e s I t ha s b e e n ne c e ss a ry t o qu o t e t h i s A c t a t s o m e l e ngt h i n o rd e r t o s h o w w h a t a p o w e rful w e ap o n i t pl a c e d i n t h e h a nd s o f t h e C r o w n a nd t h e e mbarrass ing a nd pr e c a rio us p o s it ion i n w h i c h i t plac e d t h e gr e at e r pr o p or t io n o f t h e cl a n s M a ny o f t h e m h a d r e c e i v e d c h a r t e rs o f t h e i r lan ds w h i c h h ad p e r is h e d during t h e t r oubl e s a nd c o nfl i c t s w h i c h h a d fo ll o w e d t h e f o rfe it ur e o f t h e L o rds o f t h e I sl e s Ot h e rs h ad n o o t h e r r igh t t o t h e i r l a n ds t h a n w h at was d e r iv e d fro m t h e f orf e it e d l ords I n o t h e r cas e s w h e r e t h e righ t t o t h e clan d e m e s ne was t he subj e c t o f d i sput e b e t w e e n d i ffe r e nt s e p t s b ot h p a rt ie s h ad r e c e iv e d a t d iffe r e nt t im e s a quas i t i t l e t o t h e m I n many cas e s t h e no m in al sup e r io rit y was fe udally v e s t e d in a n alie n fam ily w hi l e t h e land was act u a lly p o ss e ss e d by o ne o f t h e clans ; a nd in many o t h e rs t h e y h ad n o t it l e b u t i mm e m o r i al p o ss e ss io n w h ic h t h e y maint aine d by t h e sw o rd ; w h il e o n t h e o t h e r h an d t h os e wh o alr e ady p o ss e ss e d a n o m ina l r igh t t o t h e lan ds u nd e r f e udal t it l e s w h i c h t h e y h ad b e e n u na bl e t o e n fo rc e o r wh o s a w a ng f i i t t t h i t o r a pr sp c h r u h h r a d f rf ur s acqu r e o e o t e t t e n o e e e e g g p o ss e ss ions in t he H igh la nds a nd I sl e s w o uld e age rly avail t h e ms e lv e s o f t h e Opp o r t u nit y a ffo rd e d t h e m by t h is S t a t u t e Th e c h ie fs o f t h e clan s t h us fo u nd t h e ms e lv e s c o mp e ll e d t o d e fe n d t h e i r r igh t s up o n g r o u nds w h i c h c o ul d c o mp e t e w it h t h e clai ms o f t h e ir e age r o pp o n e nt s a nd t o mai nt a i n a n e qual it y o f ra nk a n d pr e s t ig e w i t h t h e m i n t h e H e r a lds Of c e ‘
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wh i c h mus t dri v e t h e m t o e v e ry d e v ic e ne c e ssary t o e ffe c t t h e i r purp o s e ; a nd t h e y w o uld n o t h e s it a t e t o m a nufac t ur e t it l e s t o t h e lan d w h e n t h e y d id n o t e x i s t a nd t o p u t fo r ward spurio us p e digr e e s b e t t e r c a lculat e d t o ma int ai n t h e ir p o s it io n wh e n a nat i v e d e sc e nt h ad l o s t it s valu e a nd was t oo w e ak t o s e rv e t h e i r purp o s e F r o m t h i s p e rio d m a nuscrip t h is t o r ie s o f t h e l e ad ing S p u iou P d ig H igh lan d fam i l ie s b e gan t o b e c o mp il e d i n w h ic h t h e s e pre t e ns io ns w e r e advanc e d a nd spurio us c h ar t e rs i ns e rt e d a nd fr o m t h e s e ma nuscrip t h i s t o r i e s w e r e c o mp i l e d t h e l a t e r a cc o u nt o f t h e cla n s c o n t a in e d in t h e P e e rag e a nd Ba r o n a e g a s w e ll as in t h e I nqu iry a nd t h e G e n e a l ogy a nd Pr e s e nt S t a t e o f t h e A n c i e nt S c o t t is h S ur na m e s w it h t h e Origin a n d D e sc e nt o f t h e H igh lan d C l a u s a n d Fa m ily o f B uc h a na n by Willia m B uc h a n an o f A u c h ma r publ is h e d in t h e y e ar 1 7 2 3 Th e fo rm w h ic h t h e s e pr e t e nt io us g e ne al o gi e s t o o k wa s t h a t o f m a k i ng t h e ep ony mus o r mal e a n c e s t o r o f t h e cla n a N o r we gi a n D a n e o r N o rma n o r a c a d e t o f s o m e d is t ing u i s h e d fa mily wh o succ e e d e d t o t h e c h ie fs h i p a nd t o t h e t e rr it o ry o f t h e cla n by ma rri age w i t h t h e dau g h t e r a n d h e ir e ss o f t h e las t o f t h e ol d Ce l t i c l ine t h us c o mb ining t h e advant age o f a d e sc e nt w h ic h c o uld c o mp e t e w i t h t h a t o f t h e gr e a t N o rman fam il ie s w i t h a fe u d a l succ e ss io n t o t h e ir lands ; a nd t h e ne w for m o f t h e cl a n g e ne a l ogy w o uld h av e t h e g re a t e r t e n d e ncy t o assum e t h i s fo r m w h e r e t h e cl a n n a m e wa s d e r i v e d n o t fr o m a p e rs on al na m e o r pat r o ny m i c b u t fro m a p e rs o nal e p it h e t o f i t s fo u n d e r T h us Hack e n a N o rw e g ian was sa id fro m hi s pr o w e ss t o h av e b e e n t e rm e d Gra n d t o r g r e a t a nd his gran ds o n A u la n o r A ll a n G ran d t m a rrie s M o ra d augh t e r a nd h e ir e ss o f N e il M a c g r e go r a d e sc e n d a n t o f G r e g o ry t h e G r e at k i ng of S c o t l a nd w i t h w h o m h e o b t a in s t h e b a r o ny o f Be ll a c h a s t e ll a nd Fre u c hi e i n S t rat h sp e y t h e p a t ri m o ny o f t h e G r a nt s ; Ca m br o a D a n e 1 8 i n t h e b e in nin o f t h e re i n g g g ,
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m a rr ie s t h e d a u gh t e r a nd h e ir e ss o f M a c M a rt i n pro pr i e t o r o f t h a t p a r t o f Lo c h ab e r n o w p os 19 s e ss e d by L o c h i e l c h ie f o f t h e C am e r o ns ; Col in Fit z ge r a l d so n t o t h e e arl o f K ildar e i n I r e l a n d m arr ie s t h e d a u g h t e r h e ire ss o f K e nne t h M a t h e s o n fro m wh o m his s on a nd K e nne t h wa s c a ll e d Ma c ke nne t h o r M ack e nz i e a nd o b t a i ne d 2° w it h h e r t h e la nds o f Ki nt a il 5 A ngus M ac I nt osh d e sc e n d e d fro m S h aw M acdu ff a s e c o nd s o n o f t h e e arl o f Fife marrie s Eva da ugh t e r a n d h e ir e ss o f G ilp a t r i ck so n o f D o u gal D a ll c h i e f o f t h e C lan Ch a t t a n a nd o b t a ine d wit h h e r t h e l a n ds 21 a n d e v e n t h e p o w e rful fam ily o f G l e nl uy a nd L o c h a rk a ig ; o f t h e C ampb e lls w h o h a d always supp o r t e d t h e C r o w n a n d w h o s e c h i e f h a d b e e n cr e at e d e a rl o f A rgyll cau gh t t h e i nfe c t ion a nd no w a ss e r t e d t h a t M a lc o lm s o n o f D uib h ne t h e ep ony mu s o f t h e cla n h a d g o ne t o N o rm a n dy a nd t h e r e marr ie d t h e d a ugh t e r a nd h e ir e ss o f t h e N orman fa m ily o f D e C amp o b e ll o a n d t oo k t h e n am e w h i c h was c o rrup t e d int o C a mpb e ll a nd h is so n marr ie s t h e in e v it abl e Eva 22 dau gh t e r o f Paul M ac D uib h n e t h e l a s t o f t h e o ld l ine T h e f o u n dat io n o f t h e G r a nt s t o ry s e e ms m e r e ly t o b e t h a t t h e e a rl i e s t G ra n t k no w n was G r e go ry l e G ra nt w h o s e s o ns L a ur e n c e a nd Ro b e rt call e d G ra nt ((li c t i Gra nt ) w it ne ss a n a gr e e m e nt b e t w e e n t h e b is h o p o f M o r a y a nd J o h n Bi ss e t Th e n am e G ra nt i s o bv i o usly a p e rs o nal e p it h e t in 1 2 5 8 a n d m a y a s w e ll b e d e r i v e d fr o m t h e G a e l i c Cr a nn d a ill fav o ur e d as fr o m t h e L a t i n Gr a n d is o r a ny o t h e r fo r e ig n w ord wh i c h r e s e mbl e s it T h e Cla n C h a me ro n a s w e h av e s e e n fo rm e d o rig inall y o n e t r i b e w it h t h e C l a n C h a t t a n a n d t h e i r t ru e a n c e s t o r i n t h e e arly p a r t o f t h e r e ig n o f A l e xa n d e r t h e S e c o n d c an b e A l e xa nd e r t h e S e c o nd
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sc e r t aine d for t h e I ri s h M S S d e duc e t h e ir d e sc e nt fr o m a c e r ta i n G illro id s on o f G illa ma rt a n t o w h o m a l ine o f C e l t i c pr o ge nit o rs is g iv e n a n d h e s e e ms t o b e t h e sam e p e rs o n w i t h t he G illro t h wh o acc o rd ing t o Ford un was t h e c h ie f supp o r t e r o f G ill e sp i e M a c o h e ga n o f t h e l ine o f M a c William wh o r a is e d a n insurr e c t ion i n 1 22 2 as a c h ar t e r is w it ne ss e d o f la n ds i n G all o way a b o u t t h e sam e p e r i o d 23 by G ill e sp ie M ac oh e ga n a nd G ille ro t h so n o f G ille ma rt a n But t h e m o s t r e markabl e o f t h e s e spurio us o rigin s i s t h a t I t app e ars t o h av e b e e n firs t p ut c lai m e d by t h e M ack e nz ie s fo rward by S ir G e o rg e M ack e nz ie firs t Earl of C r o mart y wh o wr o t e a n acc o u nt o f t h e fa m ily in t h e fo rm o f a l e t t e r a nd a f t e rw a rds a s h o rt e r acc o u nt u nd e r t h e t it l e o f Th e G e n e al o gie O f t h e M ack e nz ie s pr e c e d ing t h e y e ar 1 6 6 1 wr it t e n in t h e y e a r 24 o f w h i c h t h e r e i s n o d o ub t 1 6 6 9 by a p e rs o ne o f q ua lit ie Th e s t o ry as t o ld by him i n t h e firs t h e was t h e au t h o r Tr a dit io n info rms us t h a t o ur firs t was a a cc o u nt i s t h i s e o f t h e e arl o f K il d are s wh o c a m e t o S c o t l a n d i n K ing s om A l e xan d e r t h e T hi rd s t im e call e d C o l ine G e r a ld fo u gh t o n t h e s i d e o f t h e S c o t s a t t h e b a t t l e o f L arg s b u t fi nd ing t h a t t h e r e was n o e arl o f K ildar e t i ll 1 2 9 0 h e c o rr e c t s i t by mak ing him s o n o f J o h n Fit z T h o mas c h ie f o f t h e G e rald ine s in I r e l a n d a n d fa t h e r o f J o h n firs t e arl o f K i ldar e wh o was slain i n 1 2 6 1 Bu t i n t h e s e c o nd acc o u nt t wo s o ns o f J o h n Fit z T h o m as C ol in a n d G al e n fl e d t o S c o t la n d w e r e g ra ci o usl y r e c e iv e d by A l e x a n d e r t h e T h i rd a n d t h e n e x t y e a r fough t a t t h e bat t l e o f La rgs A f t e r t h e b a t t l e Wal t e r S t e war t wa s s e nt w it h fo rc e s t o r e duc e t h e I sl e s a nd bu ilds a f o r t in K int a il call e d t h e D ant ing I sl e in w h ic h C o l in Fi t z ge rald is plac e d w i t h a g arr is o n H e t h e n marrie s t h e dau g h t e r o f K e nne t h M a c Ma hon o r M a t h e s on w it h w h o m h e g e t s o ne h alf a
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K i nt a il t h e o t h e r h alf b e l o ng i ng t o t h e e arl o f Ro ss a nd h a s a so n K e nne t h fr o m w h o m his d e sc e n da nt s w e r e call e d M Cha nni c hes t ak ing t h e ir pat r o nym ic fr o m t he M M a h o n ra t h e r t h a n fr o m C o l in w h o m t h e y e s t e e m e d a s t ra nge r I n supp o r t o f t h is s t o ry t wo d o cum e nt s a re qu o t e d Firs t a frag m e n t o f t h e r e c o rds o f I e o lmk ill w h ic h h e s ays w e re pr e s e rv e d by hi m a nd m e nt io n t h e pr inc ip a l ac t ors i n t h e bat t l e o f L arg s a m o ng w h o m i s a s t range r a nd I ris h m a n o f t h e fam ily o f t h e G e rald in e s wh o dr i v e n fr o m I r e l a n d wa s ing y e ar grac i o usly r e c e iv e d by t h e k ing r e maine d i n t h e fo ll o w a t his c o ur t a nd val ia nt ly fo u g h t i n t h e fo r e sa i d b a t t l e a nd af t e rwards fo ugh t again s t t h e I sl e sm e n a nd was l e f t am o ng 25 t h e m i n ga rri s o n The o t h e r is a c h ar t e r by K ing A l e xa n d e r f or fa it h ful s e rv i c e r e n d e r e d by Co l i n t h e I r is h ma n r a nt i n g g e r Coli nu ni H ybe r nu m) t o t h e s a i d C o l in t h e w h o l e la n ds (p o f K int a i l as a b a r o n y T h i s c h ar t e r b e ars t o b e gra n t e d i n t h e s ix t e e nt h y e ar o f hi s r e ign b e f o r e t h e f oll o wi ng wit ne ss e s —A rc h ibald b is h o p o f M o ray ; Wa l t e r S t e war t ; H e nry d e Ba li o t h c h a mb e rlai n ; A r n o ld d e C a mp a n ; a nd T h o mas ?6 T he sam e m is t ak e i s h e r e H ost ia rius s h e riff o f I n v e rn e ss c o mm it t e d a s i s usu a l i n ma nufa c t uring t h e s e p e d ig re e c h ar t e rs by mak ing i t a cr o w n c h ar t e r e r e ct ing t h e lan ds i nt o a bar o ny K int a il c o uld no t h av e b e e n a b a ro ny a t of
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c h a r t e r s a id t o h av e b e e n g ra nt e d i n 1 338 by D a vi d w h i c h is no d o ub t a spuri o us p e d ig r e e c h ar t e r a nd c o m mi t s t h e usu a l blu n d e r o f m a k i ng i t a cr o w n c h ar t e r w h il e t he sup e ri o rit y o f L o c h a b e r wa s in t h e L o rds o f t h e I sl e s I n t h e MS h is t o rie s o f t h e M ac I nt osh e s t h e w h o l e rac e in clud ing t h e old M a c I nt o sh e s is br o u g h t fr om t h e t h a ne o f Fi fe b ut t h e r e i s a n o t h e r fo rm o f i t w h i c h a t t a c h e s t h e l e ge n d t o t h e l a t e r fam ily t h e d e sc e nd a nt o f M a lc o lm M a c I nt o s h wh o by t h e i nflu e n c e o f t h e Lords o f t h e I sl e s aft e r t he s e c e ss io n o f t h e o l d C lan C h a t t a n i n 1 4 2 9 a cqu i r e d t h e p o s it io n o f C ap t ain o f t h e Cl a n ; for we a re t o ld i n t h e K no ck M S t h at A ngus o f t h e I sl e s h a d by t h e d a u gh t e r o f J o h n G rua ma c h M ack a y t h e m ot h e r o f t h e firs t Laird o f M ac I nt o s h for a s o n o f M a c D uff t h a ne o f Fif e c o m ing af t e r m a nslau gh t e r t o s h e l t e r h im s e lf in M acd o na ld s h o us e g ot h e r d a u g h t e r w it h c h i l d w e nt t o I r e la n d w it h Edw a rd Bruc e wh e r e h e was k ill e d ; by w h i c h m e a n s M ac I nt o s h i s o f n a t ura l i i t i a t n t n n ll m d sc pr r b h a ma e e e e hi o n i o t i n t t er n s e t o e i ( g ) g gg M ac I nt o sh in t h e a nc i e nt la ng u a g e s ig nifi e s a T h a ne s s o n Th e b oy was br o u g h t up by M a cd o nald wh o i n pr o c e ss o f t i m e pro cur e d a c o m p e t e nt e s t at e for him in t h e Br a e s o f Lo c h a b e r 34 a n d Bra e s o f M urray T h is wa s Ca llu m beg or M a lc o lm M a c I nt osh w h o s e s o n D u nc a n wa s t h e firs t C ap t a i n o f C la n Ch a t t a n T h e n am e M a c I n t o sh h o we v e r cl e a rly impl ie s t h a t t h e y w e r e t h e d e sc e nd a nt s o f a t h a ne I II t h e fa m ily his t o rie s t h e M a c I nt o sh e s o f M o nz ie va ird i n S t ra t h e rne a nd o f Ti ry ny i n A t h o l e a re mad e cad e t s o f t h e M a c I nt o s h b ut we k no w t h a t t h e y w e re i n r e a li t y d e r iv e d fr o m t h e t h a n e s o f S t rua n a n d o f G l e nt il t r e sp e c t iv e ly a nd we mus t l ik e w is e lo ok e ls e whe re fo r t h e t h a n e fr o m w h o m t h e o ld M a c I nt osh e s o f Ba d e no c h d e sc e n d e d N o w we n d t h a t i n 1 1 7 0 K i ng William t h e L io n g rant s t h e l a nds o f Bra ss n o w Birs e in D e e s id e t o t h e b i s h o ps o f A b e rd e e n h is t h ay n e s b e ing h o w t he
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T HE C A NS A ND
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v e r e xc e p t e d t h a t is r e t a ining t h e i r la nds as t h a ne s I n 1 2 2 6 K i ng A l e x a nd e r t h e S e c o nd g ra nt s t o t h e b is h o p o f M o r ay t he la nds o f Ra t h mo rc us o r Ro t hy murc hus t o b e h e ld i n fre e f o re s t ; a nd i n 1 2 4 1 t o t h e b is h o p o f A b e rd e e n t h e 35 r B i i n r igh t t o h o ld his l a nds o f Brass o rs e fre e for e s t The se ra s fr f n t i n o r e s t w o uld e xclud e t h e t h a ne s o f t h e i r la n ds e e g b ut we nd in 1 3 8 2 a pr e c e p t by K ing Ro b e r t t he S e c o n d d ire ct e d t o h is s o n A l e x a nd e r S t e w a r t L o rd o f Bad e no ch re qu iring h im t o re s t r ai n Fa rc ha rd M ac Tos c hy a nd his ad h e re nt s fr o m d is t urb ing t he b is h o p o f A b e rd e e n a nd h is t e nant s i n t he la n ds o f Brass a n d t o o bl ige hi m t o pr o s e cu t e h is cl a i m 36 by fo rm o f law T h is Fa rc h ard app e ars in t h e ge n e a l ogy o f t h e o l d M a c I nt o sh e s a t t h e t im e a nd t h e L o rd o f Ba d e no c h mus t h a v e b e e n r e gard e d a s h is o v e rl o r d T h e t rad it io n o f t h e M ac I nt osh e s i s t h a t Ro t h ie murc h us was t h e i r e arl ie s t p o ss e ss io n a nd w h e n A l e x a n d e r M a c I nt o sh o b t ains a fe udal r igh t t o t h e la nds i n 1 4 6 4 h e i s t e rm e d t h ane o f Ro t hy mur 37 I t s e e ms pr o babl e t h a t t h e n am e was d e ri v e d fr o m c h us t h e t h a n e s o f Brass wh o may als o h a v e b e e n t h a n e s o f B o t h ie m urc h us a nd fro m w h o m t h e ol d M a c I nt o sh e s w e re d e sc e nd e d I n t h e i r ge ne a l ogy t he n am e o f Gi llemi c ha e l o r t h e s e rvan t o f S t M i c h a e l app e ars in plac e o f t h e spuri o us A ng us t h e supp o s it it io us h usband o f Eva a nd S t M i c h ae l 38 was t h e pat r o n sa int o f t h e paris h o f Birs e A s p o ss e ss o rs o f Ro t h i e murc h us t h e y a re br o u g h t i nt o i mm e d ia t e c o nt ac t w i t h t h at bra nc h o f t h e o ld C lan Ch at t a n w h o s e princ ip a l s e a t wa s D alna ve rt a nd no d o ub t w e re as ind i cat e d i n t h e Th e r e pre s e n t at iv e s o ld e r g e ne a l o gi e s a bra n c h o f t h a t cl a n o f t h e s e o ld e r M a c I nt os h e s w e r e b e y o n d d o ub t t h e S h aws o f Ro t h i e murc h us a nd t h e F a rq uh a rs o ns o f S t ra t hd e e wh o e
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x t e nd e d fro m Ba d e no c h a s fa r as Birs e a nd w h o s e h e a d in 1 4 6 4 wa s A l e x a n d e r K e i r M a c I nt os h Th e r e s e mbl a n c e o f t h e na m e o f C ampb e ll i n i t s m o re m o d e r n fo rm t o D e C a mp o b e ll o no d o ub t l e d t o t h e sup p o s e d d e sc e n t o f t h e C ampb e lls fr o m a N o rman fam ily o f t h a t nam e b u t i n o r d e r t o pr o duc e a cl o s e r e s e mbl a n c e t h e N o rm a n na m e h as b e e n inv e rt e d I t s re al fo rm was n ot D e C a mp o b e ll o b u t D e Be ll o C a mp o a nd i n N o rm a n Fre n c h Be auc h amp T h e re s e mbl a n c e i s s t i ll furt h e r l o s t i n t h e o ld e r fo rm o f t h e n am e o f t h e cl a n w h i c h wa s C amb e ll Th e firs t o f t he rac e wh o app e ars o n r e c o rd wit h t h a t d e s ig nat ion i s G ill e sp i e C amb e ll wh o i s m e nt io ne d i n 1 2 6 3 as h av ing r e c e iv e d a grant o f t h e la n ds o f M e st re t h a n d S al e w h o p t h at is M e ns t ry a nd S a we h op fr o m K ing A l e xand e r 39 h e t I n o ne o f t h e I r is h g e ne al ogie s h is fat h e r T h ird D ubh ga l s o n o f D u n ca n wh o i s t e rm e d M D uine i n t he ch ar t e r o f D av i d a pp e ars as D u b hg a l C a mb e l a gu o t h at is fro m w h o m t h e cla n is n am e d a n d t h e re s e e ms l it t l e d o ub t t h a t i t was a p e rs o nal e p it h e t anal o go us t o t h a t o f C a m e ro n a nd t h a t fro m hi m t h e fa mily fo rm e rly c a ll e d M a c D uibh ne t o ok his la t e r na m e His so n wa s C ail in M or a nd fr o m hi m t h e h e ad o f t h e fa mily b e ars t h e na me o f M a c Ca i l i n M o r c o mm o nly c o rrup t e d t o M ac Ca ll um M o r A fo re ig n d e sc e nt h as l ik e w i s e b e e n a t t ribu t e d t o t h e o ld e arls o f L e n no x fro m w h o m t h e C l a n h arl a n a n d o t h e r H i gh p lan d fam il ie s w e r e u n d o ub t e dly d e sc e nd e d and i t h as b e e n supp o s e d t h at A lwy n M a c A rc hill a n A ngl e of N ort h umb ria was fat h e r o f t h e firs t e arl of L e nno x The firs t kn o w n e arl o f L e nno x u n d o ub t e dly b o r e t h e n am e o f A lw n wh o h ad a y s on A lwy n s e c o n d e arl fa t h e r o f M a e l d uin a nd i t i s e q u ally c e r t ai n t h a t a n A lwy n M a c A rc hill r e p e a t e dly app e a rs as w it ne ssing c har t e rs o f D av i d t h e Fi rs t T h i s l a t t e r A lwy n firs t app e a rs in t h e Le nno x p e d igre e in C ra wfo rd s P e e r a ge e
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publ is h e d i n 1 7 1 6 w h e re h e is i d e nt ifi e d w it h t h e firs t A lwy n T h e n e x t s t e p i n t h e pr o c e ss w as t o c o nne c t A rk ill t h e fa t h e r o f A lwy n w i t h a c e r t a in A rc h illu s s o n o f A yk frit h a S a x o n who h ad larg e e s t a t e s i n N o rt h umb ria a nd fl e d t o S c o t l a nd i n 1 0 7 0 t o e vad e t h e v e ng e a n c e o f W ill ia m t h e C on qu e r o r a nd t h us a S ax o n o rigin is ass igne d t o t he e arls T h e r e is no t h i ng h o w e v e r t o supp o r t t h i s o f L e nno x t h e o ry e xc e p t t h e r e s e mbla nc e o f nam e s A l wy n M ac A rc h il l n e v e r a pp e a rs b e a r i ng t h e t it l e o f C o m e s o r Earl a nd w h il e h e fl o ur is h e d dur ing t h e r e ig n o f D av i d t h e Firs t a nd n e v e r app e ars a f t e r t h e y e a r 1 1 5 5 t h e firs t m e nt ion o f Al wy n e arl o f L e nn o x ca nn o t b e plac e d e arl ie r t h a n t h e y e ar 1 1 9 3 a nd b e t w e e n t h e s e da t e s we nd D av i d e arl o f Hu nt ing d o n t h e br ot h e r o f M a lc o lm t h e Fo urt h a nd William t h e L io n in p o ss e ss io n o f t h e e arld o m T h e r e is t h e r e fo re a bs olu t e ly n o a u t h o r it y fo r t h i s d e sc e nt a n d i t was c e rt a i nly u nk no w n 40 prio r t o t h e e ig h t e e nt h c e nt ury On t h e o t h e r h a nd M ure d a c h A lb a na c h wh o was c o nt e mp o rary w it h A lwy n e arl o f L e nno x h a nd i v s h a l i c fa h r M u r e d a c e e i m C e t t g t h us supp o r t s t h e o l d I r is h p e d ig re e w h i c h m a k e s him so n o f M ure d a c h so n o f M a e ld o b h e n a d e sc e nt a nt e c e d e nt ly p ro babl e a s t h i s nam e o f M a ld o ve n o r M a e ld ou e n o ccurs am o ng ,
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l a t e r e a rls w h il e t h e A n na ls o f U ls t e r r e c o rd t h at i n Trad O M a ilfa b ha il c h i e f o f Cine l Fe rgu s a wit h h is 1216 bro t h e rs a nd m a ny o t h e rs was sl a in by M uire a dh a c h s on o f t h e M or m a er o f L e nno x a n d t h e C e l t i c t i t l e o f M or ma e r c oul d h ardly b e b o rn e by a S ax o n e arl T h is M a e ld ou e n t he g ra n dfa t h e r o f A lwy n fir st e a rl a n d t h e t ru e an c e s t o r o f t h e rac e mus t h av e l i v e d i n t h e e arly p a r t o f t h e t w e lf t h c e nt ury a nd i s t h us c ont e m p orary w it h M e ld oi nne t h t h e s on o f M a c h e d a c h t h e j ud e x b o nus a nd d i sc re t u s who w it h Co n s t a nt ine e arl o f Fife a nd D u fga l s on o f M o e c h e qu i f u i t se n ex j o ine d i n p e rambul a t i ng t h e l a n ds o f Kyrk n e ss e ; a nd a s t h e la t t e r app e ars i n t h e o ld I r i s h n al o gy e e g o f t h e M acl e a ns as t h e g ra n dfa t h e r o f a lay a bb o t o f Li sm o r e a nd t h e a nc e s t o r o f a C e l t i c cl a n s o in M e l d o i nne t h so n o f M a c h e d a c h we may p o ss ibly r e c o gnis e t h e M a ld ob h n a igh t h e gra ndfa t h e r o f A lwy n a nd t h e a n c e s t o r o f t h e G a e l i c L ords o f t h e Le nno x Th e g ro up o f cl a n s w h i c h spra ng fro m t h e L ords o f t h e I sl e s h ad t h e ir o rig in w it h in t h e h i s t o ri c p e rio d a nd t h e i r p e digre e i s t oo w e ll au t h e nt i ca t e d t o r e nd e r a spur io us v e rs ion o f i t p o ss ibl e ; w h il e a s t h e la nds t h e y h e ld o f t h e L o rds o f t h e I sl e s w e r e in t h e m a in c o nfirm e d a ft e r t h e fo rfe i t ure o f t h e las t l o rd by t h e C ro w n t h e y w e r e l e ft w it h o u t a ny g r e at m ot iv e t o d o s o ; b ut t wo o t h e r cl a ns wh o w e re i n r e al it y no t c o nne c t e d w it h t h e m s e e m t o h a v e t h o u gh t it fo r t h e i r int e r e s t t o cla i m l ik e w i s e a d e sc e n t fro m t h e L o rds o f t h e I sl e s a nd b o t h w e r e c o nn e c t e d w i t h t h e e a rld o m o f A t h o l e T h e s e w e r e t he Cla n D onna c hi e or Ro b e rt s o ns o f S t ro wa n a nd t h e M ac Na b s o f G l e nd o c h art T h e f o rm e r cl a n s im ply e x c h ange d A ndr e w d e A t h e lia t he u n d o ub t e d fat h e r o f D u n can d e A t h o lia t h e ep onymus o f t h e clan fo r A ng us o f t h e I sl e s b ut as D u n can i s r e p e at e dly d e s ig n a t e d in c h a rt e rs a nd o t h e r d o cum e nt s t h e s on o f A n dr e w d e A t h ol ia t h e supp o s e d c on T he M a c ne c t ion w it h t he L o rds o f t h e I s l e s i s u nt e n a bl e t he
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s t a t e d by Buc h a na n o f A u c h ma r t o b e d e sc e n d e d o f a s o n o f t h e firs t abb o t o f I nc h a ffra w w h s su am n as o r e e y M D o na ld i n t h e b e g innin g o f t h e r e ign o f A l e xa nd e r t h e I nc h a ffra y h o we v e r wa s fo u nd e d in t h e r e ig n o f S e c o nd Willia m t he L io n a nd t he firs t abb ot wa s M a l is a pas t o r a nd h e rm it a nd t he s e c o nd was I nno c e nt wh o h a d b e e n prio r a nd ne it h e r c o uld h a v e b e e n c o nne c t e d w it h t h e M ac d o n alds T he n am e M a c N a b c e r t a inly m e a n s t h e so n o f t h e abb o t b u t we mus t l oo k e ls e wh e r e fo r t h e m o na s t e ry o f w h i c h h e mus t h av e b e e n t h e lay abb o t I n t h e s e v e nt h c e nt ury S t Fi lla n f o u nd e d a m o n as t e ry in G l e n d oc h a rt t h e upp e r par t o f w h i c h t o o k i t s na m e o f S t ra t h ll a n fro m him a n d in t he r e ign o f K i ng Will ia m we nd t h e a bb o t o f G le nd o c h art 41 r a nk i ng al o ng w it h t h e e arls o f A t h o ll a nd o f M e nt e at h A s t h e pro p e r t y p o ss e ss e d by t h e M ac Na b s lay i n G l e n d oc h a rt a n d we nd t h e n am e o f Gillaf a e la n o r s e rvan t o f S t Fill a n o ccurri ng in t h e i r o ld e s t g e ne al ogy we may c e r t ainl y r e c og ni s e i n t h e m t h e d e sc e n da nt s o f t h e lay abb o t s o f G le nd o c h a rt T o t h e sam e cl a ss we m a y pro b a bly add t h e C la n G re g o r Be s i d e s t h e ge n e al ogy o f t h is cla n c o nt aine d i n t h e I r is h MS S D e an M a c g r e go r furnis h e s us w it h o ne w h ic h ma y pr o bably b e v i e w e d as t h e n at iv e t rad it io n I n i t G re g o r t h e ep ony mu s o f t h e cl a n h as a d iffe r e nt a n c e s t ry a nd h is p e d i r e e is t a k e n up t o a c e r t a i n A oi d h Urc ha id h o r g Hu g h o f G le nurc h ay w h ic h as G le nurc h ay was a n ol d p o ss e s s io n o f t h e M a c G re go rs may b e v ie w e d as t h e n a t ive t rad i t io n a n d m o r e pr o b a bl e d e sc e nt Th e usual calculat io n w o uld plac e hi m in t h e e nd o f t h e t w e lft h c e nt ury b u t t h e D e a n c o nne c t s him a t o n c e w i t h K e nn e t h M a c A l pin i n t h e nint h c e nt ury 4 2 a nd t h us t h e supp o s e d r o yal d e sc e nt o f t h e
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s a m e c a t e go ry wit h t h e d e sc e n t o f t h e o t h e r clan s fr o m t h e k ing s o f D a l ria d a T he s on o f t h is A o d h b o r e h o w e v e r t h e n a m e o f C i llaf a e la n o r s e rv a nt o f S t Fil la n a nd as t h e M a c G re go rs l i k e w i s e p os s e ss e d pr o p e rt y in G le nd o c h art t h e y w e re m o r e pro b a bly c o nne c t e d w it h t h e M a c Na b s The M a c Ki nno ns t o o w e r e clo s e ly c o nne c t e d w it h t h e abbacy o f I on a a nd r e p e a t e dly furnis h e d abb ot s t o t h a t m o nas t e ry Th e t rad it io nal c o n n e c t i o n b e t w e e n t h e s e t h r e e cla n s — t h e M ac N abs t h e M a c G r e go rs a n d t h e M a c Ki nn o n s —i s fur t h e r e v id e n c e d by t wo b o nds o f frie nd s h ip — on e in 1 6 0 6 b e t w e e n t h e M ac Ki nno ns a nd t h e M a c N a b s i n w h ic h as b e ing c o m e o f o n e h o us e a n d b e ing o f o ne surn am e Fi nlay M a c Na b of Bo wane ack no w l e d ge s La u c h l a n M a c Ki nno n o f S t ra t h ard e l as a ne ky nd t h e o t h e r s o m e w h a t la t e r b e t w e e n c hie ff a nd o f a ne h o us e Lac h la n M a c Ki nno n o f S t ra t h ard ill a nd J am e s M a c G re gor o f M ac G re gor in w h i c h t h e y a re s a id t o b e d e sc e n d e d lawfully “ 3 fra e t wa bre t h re n o f auld d e sc e nt The C lan L a wre n we h av e s e e n w e re als o d e sc e nd e d fr o m a n abb o t T h e C la n Mhi c D ui bhsi cle o r M a c d u fl y s may h av e d e ri v e d t h e ir n am e fr om D ui bhsi d e wh o app e ars in t h e A nnals o f U ls t e r in 1 1 6 4 as Fe rle ig hi nn or l e c t o r o f I o na a nd D ia rmad a t h e g ra nd fat h e r o f G illa c h a t t a n t h e ep onymu s o f t h e C la n Ch a t t a n i s sa i d in t h e o ld I ri s h g e ne al ogy t o h av e b e e n call e d t h e F e r le ig hi nn o r l e c t o r Trad it io n a t t ac h e s t o G illa c h a t t a n t h e e p it h e t o f Cle r ec h o r C l e r i c a nd h e a nd hi s d e sc e nda nt s t h e C l a n V uire a c h a re s a i d t o h a v e b e e n h e r e d it ary l a y p a r s ons o f K inguss ie o ne o f w h om D u nca n t h e son o f K e nne t h app e ars i n 1 43 8 as D u nca n pars on F r o m h im t he c h ie f o f Th e t h e C l a n V u ire ac h t ak e s h i s nam e o f M acp h e rs o n e arls o f Ro ss t oo d e sc e n d fr o m t h e lay pr ie s t s o f A ppl e cr o ss n d G a l i c p o t io n Be g so n f D un c n Bo k p 16 1 S ru t hl e (th a t is o f S ti l i n g ) s o n f G il l f l a n o n S e a l o p oe m p 14 1 p 12 7 n g of A d h U D o ugl s s B h id h o n f K e n n th p p 49 7 n 49 8 f A lp i n —D e n f L i mo s .
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T HEIR G ENEA L OG I ES
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c o nclus ion t h e n t o wh ic h t h is a nalys i s o f t h e cla n p e d ig re e s w h ic h h av e b e e n p o pul a rly a cc e p t e d a t d iffe re nt t im e s h as br o u gh t us i s t h a t s o far a s t h e y pr o fe ss t o s h o w t h e o r igin o f t h e d iffe r e nt cla ns t h e y a re e nt i r e ly ar t ific i al a n d u nt rus t w o r t h y b u t t h a t t h e o ld e r b e al s may n o i e e e g g acc e p t e d as s h o wing t h e d e sc e nt o f t h e clan fr o m it s e p o nymus i o ns t or f o u n d e r a nd w i t h in r e as o n abl e l im i t s for s o m e n ra e e g b e y o n d h im wh il e t h e la t e r spurious p e d igr e e s mus t b e re j e c t e d a l t og e t h e r I t ma y s e e m surpri s ing t h a t suc h spur ious p e d igr e e s a nd fa bul o us o rig ins s h o ul d b e so r e adily cr e d it e d by t h e C l a n fa m il ie s a s ge nu ine t rad it ion s a n d r e c e iv e suc h pr o mp t a cc e p t a n c e as t h e t ru e fo u nt fr o m w h i c h t h e y spru ng b u t we m us t r e c o ll e c t t h a t t h e fabul ous h is t o ry o f H e c t o r Bo e c e was as r a p i dly an d u niv e rs a lly ad o p t e d as t h e ge n u ine a nnals o f t h e n a t io nal h is t o ry a nd b e c a m e r o o t e d i n t h o s e part s o f t h e c o u nt ry t o w h i c h i t s fic t it i o us e v e nt s r e lat e d as l o cal t rad it i o ns W h e n H e c t o r Bo e c e inv e s t e d t h e o bscure usurp e r G rig w i t h t h e nam e a nd at t ri bu t e s o f a fict it io us k ing G r e go ry t h e G r e at a n d c o nne c t e d him w it h t h e r oyal l ine o f k ing s t h e C lan G r e go r a t o nc e r e c ognis e d him as t h e i r e p o nymus a n c e s t o r a nd t h e ir d e sc e nt fr o m h im i s n ow i mpl i c it ly b e l i e v e d in by a ll t h e M ac G re gors I t i s p o ss i bl e h o w e v e r fr o m t h e s e g e ne a l ogie s a nd fro m o t h e r i nd i ca t io ns t o d i s t r ibu t e t h e cl a n s i n c e rt a in g r o ups as h av i ng app a r e nt ly a cl o s e r c onne c t i on w it h e a c h o t h e r a nd t h e s e t h n t i es r o ups w e h o l d i n t ma i n t o r e pr e s t t h e r e a r b e e g g i nt o w h i c h t h e G a e li c p o pulat i o n wa s d iv i d e d b e fo r e t h e y b e cam e br o k e n up int o clans Th e t wo g r e at t r ib e s w hi c h p o ss e ss e d t he g r e a t e r par t o f t h e H igh lands w e r e t h e C a ll g a id he a l o r G a e l in t h e w e s t wh o h a d b e e n u n d e r t h e p o w e r o f t he N o rw e g ians a nd t h e g r e at t rib e o f t he M o ra vi a ns or M e n o f M o r a y in t h e Ce nt ral a nd Eas t e r n H ig h lan ds To t h e f o rm e r b e l ong all t h e clan s d e sc e nd e d o f t he Lo rds o f t h e I sl e s t h e Campb e lls a nd M acl e o ds probably re ,
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T HEI R GENEA L OGI ES
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pr e s e nt ing t he o ld e r i nh a b it ant s o f t h e ir r e sp e c t iv e d is t r ic t s ; t o t he lat t e r b e l o ng in t h e mai n t h e cl a n s br o u gh t i n t h e old I ris h ge ne al ogie s fro m t h e k ings o f D a lria d a o f t h e t r ib e o f L o rn am o ng w h o m t h e o ld Morma e rs o f M o ray a pp e ar The gr o up c ont a ini ng t he C lan A n dre s o r o l d Ro ss e s t h e M a c k e nz ie s a nd M at h e s o ns b e l o ng t o t h e t rib e o f Ro ss t h e C la n D o nna c h y t o A t h o l e t h e C la n La wre n t o S t ra t h e rne a nd t h e C l a n Ph a rl a ne t o L e nno x w h il e t h e g ro up c o nt a ining t h e M ac N a b s C lan G r e g o r a nd M a c Kinno ns app e ar t o h av e e m e rge d fr o m G l e n d o c h art a t l e a s t t o b e c o nne c t e d w i t h t h e 44 o l d Co lumb a n m o na s t e r ie s T h e C l a ns pr o p e rly s o call e d w e re t h us o f n a t iv e o rig in ; t h e sur na m e s p a r t ly o f n a t iv e a nd p a r t ly o f f o r e i n d e sc e n t g I t i s n o t muc h m o r e t h a n a c e n t ury a nd a h a lf s inc e t h e T mi n ti n f HI ghl a n d cla ns c o mb i ne d I n t h e e i gh t e e nt h c e nt ury t o al t e r C l n h ip in ’ gh t h e dy n as t y o f G r e a t Brit a i n a nd s h o o k t h e s t ab il it y o f t h e llfe i t h r o n e a n d s in c e t h e Pr e s id e nt o f t h e S upre me C o ur t lai d b e fo r e G o v e rnm e nt a m e m o ria l giv ing a d e t ail e d s t a t e m e nt o f t h e ir nam e s t h e i r m il i t ary s t r e ng t h a nd t h e n a m e s o f t h e i r c hie fs ; an d no t muc h m o r e t h a n a h u n dr e d y e a rs lat e r t h e sam e Co ur t h a s b e e n c a ll e d u p o n t o a nsw e r t h e qu e s t io n Wh a t is a cla n ? a nd t o d e t e rm ine w h e t h e r t h e wo rd h a s a ny l e ga l s ignifican c e w h a t e v e r in t h e s o ci a l o rga ni sa t io n o f t h e H ig h lands I n 1 6 3 2 J am e s e arl o f M o r a y l e t t h e l a nds o f Fa ill ie a nd o t h e rs t o D o na ld M a c G ill e p h a d rie h h e a d o f t h e s e p t of C l an Be an o ne o f t h e s ixt e e n t rib e s w hi c h m a d e up t he Clan Ch at t ah for h is l ife t i m e a nd t h e l i fe t im e o f t h e t wo ne x t h e i rs mal e a nd fo r t h r e e p e ri o ds o f nine t e e n y e ars t o h is h e irs m a l e an d ass igne e s o f t h e C lan C ha t t a n a nd t h is t ack was c o nfirm e d t o his s o n D ona ld M a c Be a n I n 1 7 7 1 t he e arl o f M o ray g ra nt s a fe u righ t o f t h e s e l a nds t o D o na ld M ac .
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ass igne e s wh at s oe v e r o f t h e s a id Cla n o f C la n C h a t t a n a nd i n t h e s a m e y e ar D onald M a c Be a n s e lls t h e la nds t o C ap t a in Wi ll ia m M acg ill ivr a y t h e h e ad o f a no t h e r o f t he s ix t e e n cl a ns a nd t o his h e irs a nd ass igne e s o f H is so n t h e las t o f t h e d ir e c t l ine o f t h e t he C l a n C h a t t a n M a e gillivra y s o f D unmagl ass d ie d i n 1 8 5 2 an d t h e qu e s t i o n ar o s e w h e t h e r his h e irs a t law wh o w e r e no t o f t h e cl a n c o uld succ e e d I n o rd e r t o d e t e rm ine t h i s qu e st ion t h e c o ll a t e r a l h e ir m a l e J o h n M acgill ivray o f D un maglas s r a is e d a n ac t io n i n t h e S upr e m e C o ur t t o h av e i t d e clar e d t h at no p e rs on was e nt i t l e d t o succ e e d t o t h e l a t e J o h n L ac h l a n M a c il l ivra y o f D unmagl a s s wh o was n o t a m e mb e r o f t h e C la n C h a t t a n b u t t h e Co ur t h e ld t h a t cla ns h i p o f C la n C h aft a n as a c o n d it i on o f h e i rs h i p a n d a li m i t a t i o n o f t he succ e ss i o n o f h e i rs c o uld n o t b e r e c o g ni s e d o r e nfo rc e d by law T he C o ur t t h us d e fi ne d t h e m o d e r n p o s it io n o f a clan : ,
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do minion or o f t he lawle ss a nd d ang e rous t urbule nc e whic h re quire d suppre ssion in Whe n all milit ary c h a ra c t e r all fe udal sub o rdina tio n a ll a not he r h e rit a ble j uris d ic t ion a ll i nde p e nd e nt a ut ho rit y o f c h ie fs a re e x t ra c t e d fro m wh a t u s e d t o b e c all e d a c la n no t h ing re ma ins o f it s e ss e nt ia l a nd p e c ul ia r fe a t ure s Cl a ns are no l ong e r wha t th e y we re The p urp ose s fo r whic h t h e y o nc e e xis t e d a s t ole ra t e d b ut no t a s T o a ll p ra c t ic a l p urp o se s sa nc t io ne d so c ie t ie s a re no t n o w l a wful t he y c a nno t le g ally a c t a nd t he y d o no t le g all y e xi s t T h e la w k no ws t he m no t For p e a c e ful p a g e a nt ry so c ia l e nj o y me nt a nd fam ily t ra dit ions me nt i on ma y s t ill b e ma de o f c la ns a nd c h ie fs o f c l a ns b ut t he Hig hla nds o f S c ot la nd no l ong e r o pp re ss e d b y a rbi t rary s wa y o r d ist ra c t e d by fe uda l c ont e nt io ns a re no w i nh a b it e d b y lo yal orde rl y a nd p e a c e ful subj e c t s o f t he C ro wn o f G re a t Brit a in a nd c l a ns are no t no w c o rp o ra t io ns whic h la w s ust a ins nor s o c ie t i e s whic h la w r e c og nis e s or a c k no wl e dg e s ,
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b e i ng t h e v ie w o f t h e S up re m e C o ur t Of t he c o u nt ry as t o t he m o d e r n p o s it io n o f t h e cla n i t r e m a in s for us t o i nqu ir e h o w far a ny o f t h e f e a t ur e s o f t h e a n c i e n t t ri bal land t e nure a re s t ill pr e s e rv e d i n t h e H igh la nds a nd I sl a n ds o f S c o t l a nd S uc h
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p o s it io n o f t h e cla ns was as we h av e s e e n gre at ly aff e c t e d by t he s t a t u t e s pass e d t o w a rds t h e e nd o f t he six t e e nt h c e nt ury t h e f o ll o w i ng c e nt ury w it ne ss e d t h e c o m me nc e me nt o f a pr o c e ss o f c h a nge w h i c h no l e ss a ffe c t e d t h e p o s it io n o f t h e m e m b e rs o f t h e clan as r e g ard e d t h e ir t e nur e o f t h e la nd w h i c h was i nflu e n c e d p a r t ly by p o s it iv e e nac t m e nt s o f t h e L e g isla t ur e par t ly by t h e i n cr e a s e d e ffic a cy o f t h e law o f t h e la n d w h i c h ig n o r e d all C e l t i c us a e s i nc o n g s is t e nt w i t h it s pr inc i pl e s a nd r e g ard e d all p e rs ons p o ss e ss i ng a fe udal t it l e as abs o l ut e pr o prie t o rs o f t he la nd a nd all o c e n pant s o f t h e l a n d wh o c o uld not S h o w a r igh t d e riv e d fro m t h e pr o prie t o r as s i mply y e arly t e n a nt s a nd par t ly by c h a ng e s w h ic h t o o k plac e i n t h e pr o fi t abl e e mpl o ym e nt o f t he land Th e firs t r e l a t io n w h i c h wa s assail e d was t h at o f t he p o s it io n o f t h e n at iv e m e n a n d sub o rd inat e s e p t s t o t h e c h ie f a nd in 1 6 1 7 a s t a t u t e was p a ss e d w h i c h pro c e e d e d on t h e n arra t iv e t h a t his M aj e s t ie s l ie g e s h av e sus t a ine d gr e a t h urt a nd S k ay t h t h e s e m a ny y e ars byg o ne by t he c h ie fs o f clans w it h in t h e H igh la nds a nd I sl e s o f t h is k ing d o m by t h e u nlawf ul t aki ng fro m t h e m t h e ir c h ildr e n a nd e xe cu t o rs aft e r t h e ir d e c e a s e u nd e r t h e n a m e o f C a ul p e s o f t h e i r b e s t auc h t w h e t h e r it b e o n mar e h o rs e o r c o w all e ging t h e ir p re d e c e ss o rs t o h av e b e e n i n p o ss e ss io n t h e re o f fo r ma int ai ni ng I F t he
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d e fe n d ing o f t h e m agains t t h e ir e ne m ie s a nd e vil w i ll a rs o f o ld a nd o rdain e d t h a t i n n o t im e c o m i ng n o ne o f h i s H ig h ne ss s l ie g e s pr e sum e n or t a k e o n h an d t o i nt ro m it w it h nor upl ift t h e sai d Ca ulp is w i t h in a ny p a r t o f t h i s 1 k ing d o m I n t h e sam e P a rl ia m e nt a s t at u t e wa s p a ss e d for t h e pro t e c t io n o f t h e fo r e s t s w i t h in t h e r e alm i n w h ic h d e e r a re k e pt a nd w h ic h are a l t oge t h e r was t e d a nd d e cay e d by sh e allings p a s t ur ing o f h o rs e s m a r e s cat t l e o x e n a nd o t h e r b e s t ia l cu t t ing o f w o o ds w it h i n t h e b o u n ds o f t h e sa i d fo re s t s s h o o t ing a nd sl ay ing o f d e e r a nd w ild fo wls w it h h agb ut t is a nd w it h d og s i n fo rb i dd e n t i m e The lan d o ccup ie d by t h e m e mb e rs o f t h e cla n was d ivi d e d i nt o t o w nshi ps o r farm s e ac h t o wns h i p c o n s is t ing o f a c e rt a in p or t ion o f arabl e l and m e a d o w g r e e n p a s t ur e and muirl a nd T h e y w e re o f v a rio us s i z e s a nd o ccup ie d t h e l o w e r part o f t he c o u nt ry e x t e n ding in t h e s t rat h s o r v a ll e ys fro m t h e s t r e am a nd fr o m t h e s h o r e o f t h e s e a a nd t h e a rms o f t h e s e a o r l o c h s t o t h e r id e o f t h e h i ll b e h in d A s t f c o n e n e e g c a ll e d t h e h e a d dyk e o r a n i magin a ry l i ne answ e r ing t o it ra n al o ng t h e bra e o r sl o p e a n d s e p a ra t e d t h e a r a bl e m e ad o w h o n a f t m i r u d n d pas t ur e o e lc h c o ws fr o m t h e m u irl a nd or g h ill pas t ure w h e re t h e h ors e s y e ld cat t l e a nd s h e e p o f t h e fa rm range d T h e arabl e la nd o f t h e t o w ns h ip w h ic h l a y w it h i n t h e h e ad dyk e was us ually d i vi d e d i nt o in fi e ld a nd I n t h e f o rm e r t h e s t e a d i ng o r t o w n as it wa s o u t fi e ld call e d was S it u a t e d a nd i t was k e p t i n t illag e o n w h i c h a ll t he manur e was l a id Th e o u t fi e ld c o n s i s t e d o f s uc h pl o t s a t t h e b o t t o m o f t h e vall e ys as w e r e l e v e l e no u h a n d fr e e g o f w oo d o r s t o ne s t o b e pl o u h e d a n d w e r e k e p t i n c o r n a n d g l e a al t e rnat e ly t h e ca t t l e b e i ng fo ld e d up o n t h e m fo r m a nur e ca ll e d t a t h ing Th e m e a d o ws w e r e pa t c h e s am o ng t h e fi e lds t o o we t w o o dy or s t o ny t o b e pl o u g h e d a nd k e p t u nd e r scy t h e a nd s i ckl e for a sc a nt y supply o f h a y ; w h il e t h e fac e s a nd
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bra e s r o o t s o f t h e hills w oo dy o r s t ony w a s t e s a t t he b o t t o m w i t h a small pl o t ne ar t h e h o us e t e rm e d t h e d o or l a nd fo r ba it ing h o rs e s w e r e k e p t a s pas t ur e for cat t l e in summ e r a nd s h e e p i n w i nt e r ; w h il e t h e s h e e p a nd h o rs e s w e re pas t ur e d during summ e r o n t h e m uirla nd o r h ill pas t ur e w h i c h lay i mm e d ia t e ly a b o v e t h e h e ad dyk e a nd c on t igu o us t o t h e g re e n pas t ur e g r o u n ds T h e s e f a rms o r t o w n s h ips w e r e o ccup ie d in t h re e d iffe r e nt w a ys T h e y w e re e it h e r p o ss e ss e d by t h e t acksm e n or go o d me n t h e ms e lv e s i n w h i c h cas e t h e y k e p t o n t h e m a n u m b e r o f c o t t ars t o e a c h o f w h o m t h e y g av e a h o us e grass for a c o w o r t wo a nd as muc h g r o u n d as w o uld s o w a b o u t a b e l l o f c a t s ; o r t h e y w e r e p o ss e ss e d by sub t e na nt s t o w h o m t h e t a cksm e n sub l e t t h e w h o l e o r a par t o f t h e farm o r e ls e t h e y w e r e h e ld d i re c t fro m t h e pr o pri e t o r i n j o i nt t e na ncy by a numb e r o f t e na nt s T h e s e t e na nt s a nd sub t e na nt s fo rm e d a s o r t o f v i llag e c o mmu ni t y h av in g t h e ir h o us e s t og e t h e r h o ld ing t he arabl e lan d in ru nrig w h i c h was divi d e d annually by l o t am ong t h e m a nd t h e pas t ure l a nd i n c o mm on e ac h t e n a nt b e i ng e nt it l e d t o p a s t ur e a c e r t ain n umb e r o f ca t t l e S h e e p a nd h o rs e s i n pro p o r t i o n t o his s h a r e o f t h e ar a bl e lan d w h i ch wa s t e rm e d his s o uming a nd r o uming I n m o s t cas e s t he l a n d was h e ld o n w h a t was call e d a s t e e lb o w t e nur e w h e n t h e s t o ck o n t h e farm was t h e pr o p e r t y o f t h e l a n dl ord o r t a cksm a n a n d was l e t al o ng wi t h t h e la nd a nd a t t h e e nd o f t h e l e a s e t h e t e n a nt o r sub t e n ant h ad t o r e t ur n a n e qual I n t h e We s t e r n I sl e s a m o u nt o f s t o ck o r pay t h e d ifl e re n c e t h e r e was als o a k i n d o f t e n a ncy call e d h alf foo t wh e r e t h e p o ss e ss o r o f t h e farm fur nis h e d t he l a n d a nd s e e d c o r n a nd t h e o t h e r p a r t y cul t i va t e d t h e la nd t h e pro duc e b e i ng d iv id e d I n t h e c e nt ral H igh la nds t h e av e rage t o w n s h ip c o ns is t e d o f ab o u t 9 0 acr e s w i t h i n t h e h e a d dyk e o f w h i c h 2 0 acr e s w e r e i nfi e ld 1 5 a cr e s o ut fi e ld 1 0 a cr e s m e a d o w 3 5 a cr e s r pas ur n t e a nd 1 0 acr e s w oo dy was t e ; a nd t h e m uirl a nd e e g ,
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h e a d dyk e 2 5 0 acr e s T h e smalle r t o w ns h i p c on w it h in t h e h e ad dyk e 5 acr e s i nfi e ld 4 acre s o u t fi e ld -
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acr e s m e ad o w 2 0 acr e s g re e n pas t ur e 2 % acre s was t e a nd b e y o n d t h e h e a d dyk e 7 5 acr e s o f m uirla nd o r h ill pas t ur e I n t he I slan ds t h e t o w n s h i p usually c o ns is t e d o f w h a t T o wn hip wa s call e d a p e nny lan d b u t o ccas io nally o f t h e h a lfp e nny Iz lg ffl land t e rm e d L e ffe n (L e t hp hei n) T h e s e p e nny lan ds h o w e v e r w e re o f d iffe r e nt s i z e s T h us o f t h re e p e nny lands on t h e s o u t h s i d e o f L o c h S c ri d e n i n t h e i sl a nd o f M ull o ne c ons i s t e d o f 6 4 acr e s o f infi e ld a rabl e l a n d 1 6 o f o u t fi e ld arabl e 1 9 o f g r e e n p a s t ure a nd 4 9 7 o f h ill pas t ur e ; a not h e r c ont a ine d 1 0 6 acr e s o f in fi e l d ara bl e land 4 4 acre s o f out fi e ld arabl e 1 9 acr e s o f gr e e n p a s t ur e a nd 7 0 4 o f h i ll pas t ur e a n d t h e t h ird c o ns is t e d o f 6 8 a cr e s o f i n fi e ld a rabl e land 2 7 o f o u t fi e ld a rabl e 2 9 o f g r e e n pas t ur e a nd 8 7 2 o f h il l pas t ure T h i s lat t e r t o w ns h ip was o ccup ie d by eig h t t e n a nt s e ac h pas t ur ing t w e lv e c o ws w it h t h e ir fo ll o w e rs 3 Th e gre at m o u nt a in range s a nd t h e g ro ups o f larg e r h ills Highl nd d e I t he r f o rm e d d e e r fo r e s t s o r lay w a s t e a nd wi t h I n t h e I r fo e t b o u nds w e r e s h e aling s o r summ e r pas t ur e at t ach e d t o farms wh e n t h e c o nt igu o us mu i r wa s n o t suf c ie nt for h ill s t o ck in summ e r a n d h e r e t h e c o ws w e r e br o u g h t i n su mm e r a n d 4 The p e a t m o ss e s furnis h e d k e p t for six o r s e v e n w e e ks t h e t e na nt s o f t he fa rms w it h t h e ir fu e l Th e prin cipal d e e r f o r e s t s w e r e t o b e fo u nd i n t h e t wo g r e a t m o u nt a i n r a ng e s o f t h e M o u nt h w hi c h e x t e n d e d acr o ss t h e i sl a n d fr o m t h e e as t e rn t o t h e w e s t e r n s e a a nd D rum a lba n o r t h e backb o ne o f S c o t la nd w h i c h d i v i d e d t h e e a s t e rn fr o m t h e w e s t e rn wat e rs T h e s e fo r e s t s e x is t e d fro m t im e imm e m o rial T h us we nd t h at in 1 6 3 0 t h e e arld o m o f A t h o ll was grant e d by C h arl e s I t o J o h n e a rl o f A t h o ll 3 T hi s a c o un t is t a k e n ma inly T hi s is v ry s imi l r to t h e c us to m f om M a rs h ll s A g r ic ult u e of t h e i n t h e Ba va i n a n d A u s tri a n A lp s C e nt l H ighla nd s n d fro m p ri v a t e w h e re t h e s umm e r p a s t u e is t e rm d i nfo rm a tio n a n Al p n d t h e b othi e s S e nnerhii t t e ,
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w it h t he fre e fo r e s t o f By nz e c romby a nd all t h e o t h e r fre e fo r e s t s o f t he e arld o m t he o ffic e o f fo r e s t e r a nd t h e pr ivil e g e s o f t h e sam e ; a nd i n t h e A c t s o f Parl iam e nt a s t a t u t e r e ard g i ng a fo r e s t i n t h e la t t e r range i n 1 6 6 2 w h e n P a rl iam e nt ra t ifi e s a c h ar t e r g rant e d by K ing J am e s t h e S i x t h in 1 6 1 7 c o ns t it u t ing t h e C ampb e lls o f Gle nurc ha y h e ri t abl e fo re s t e rs a nd k e e p e rs o f t h e f o r e s t s a n d w o o ds o f M a ml orne Be r ina ,
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37
subm i t t o o r c o uld no t nd a plac e i n t h e ne w sys t e m T h e n fo ll o w e d t h e m o r e pr o fi t abl e o ccupat io n o f t h e h ill pas t ur e u nd e r S h e e p st o ck a nd t h e int ro duc t i o n o f s h e e p farm ing T h e fa rms h e ld by t h e t acksm e n w e r e v e ry ge ne r a lly c o nv e r t e d i nt o s h e e p farms a nd n e w o ne s w e r e cre at e d a s o pp o r t u ni t y o ffe r e d by t h r o w i ng t h e t o w n s h ips o ccup ie d by t h e j oin t t e nant s int o l a rge r fa rms a nd add ing e x t e ns iv e rang e s o f h ill p a s t ure t o t h e m S o fa r as t h e la t t e r wa s c o n c e rn e d t h e plac i ng u nd e r s h e e p o f e x t e ns iv e rang e s o f h ill c o u nt ry w h i c h h ad pr e v io usly e it h e r lain was t e or b e e n o ccup i e d as d e e r f o r e s t s h a d n o e ffe c t up o n t h e p o pul a t io n ; b ut i t b e cam e n e c e ssary t o r e m o v e t h e sm a ll t e n an t s in o rd e r t o c o nv e r t t h e ir h o ld ing s i nt o w int e r ing fo r t h e s h e e p a nd t h i s l e d t o a larg e p o r t io n o f t h e p o pulat io n b e ing d is 7 p o ss e ss e d Th e e m ig ra t io n o f t h e p e o pl e w h i c h h a d b e e n cre a t e d by t h e s e caus e s wa s c h e ck e d by t h e A m e r i can war b ut r e c o mm e n c e d t o e v e n a g r e a t e r e x t e nt aft e r t h e p e ac e a n d c o nt inu e d t il l t h e pass ing o f t h e Em ig ra t i o n A c t i n 1 8 0 3 A s t h i s e m igrat io n h ad ge n e rally c o ns is t e d o f e nt i r e fam il ie s many o f t h e t acksm e n w e r e a cc o mpanie d by t h e i r a nd d e p e n dant s a nd t h us a s t h e large farms w e r e i n t ro duc e d o n t h e o n e h a nd t h e d i sp o ss e ss e d p o pula t i o n e m igra t e d o n t h e o t h e r t h e r e was n o t h i ng in t h e c h a ng e o f p o l i cy w h e t h e r it was d e s irabl e in it s e lf o r no t w h i c h was n o t i n acc o rda n c e w it h t h e pri nc ipl e s o f s o c ial e c ono my so far a s p opul a t io n i s c on c e r ne d I t i s e s t im a t e d t h at o f t h o s e wh o w e r e d isp o s s e ss e d fr o m t h e s h e e p fa r ming t wo t h irds e m ig rat e d in t h e b e ginning o f t h e pr e s e nt c e nt ury V ario us c ircums t an c e s l e d h o w e v e r t o a c h e ck b e ing t h e n giv e n t o e m ig ra t io n o n e pr i nc ip a l caus e o f w h i c h wa s t h e ne w s o urc e o f w e al t h t o t h e pr o pr i e t o rs a n d o f e mpl o y m e nt t o t h e p o p ul a t i o n o f t h o s e to
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o ld s e v i l e o nd it io n f t h e s m ll t n a n t s by w h i c h th e y w e a tt a c h d to t h e s oi l a nd c o u ld n o t b e se v e re d fr o m it w hi c h i s u s ua lly 7
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d is t ric t s b ord e re d by t he s e a a nd o f t h e I sla nds w h ic h ar o s e fr o m t h e incre as e d ma nufac t ur e o f k e l p T h is ma nufact ur e was firs t i nt r o duc e d s o fa r back as t h e y e ar 1 7 34 b ut d id n o t r is e int o no t ic e t ill t h e A m e r ica n war w h e n k e lp r e ac h e d t h e r e mu ne ra t ing pr i c e o f £ 8 p e r t on A ft e r t h e t e rm ina t io n o f t h a t war t h e pr i c e fe ll o w ing t o c o mp e t it i o n i n bar illa a nd p o t as h a nd k e lp was manufact ur e d t o b ut a l im it e d e x t e nt t i ll t h e pr e s e nt c e nt ury w h e n i t ag ai n r o s e i nt o i mp o r t a n c e a nd h ad r e ac h e d in 1 8 0 6 a n av e rag e pri c e o f £ 1 6 p e r t o n a nd i n 1 80 8 1 8 0 9 a nd 1 8 1 0 t h e e no rm o us pri c e o f £ 2 2 p e r t on T h e i ncr e as e d pro fi t s ari s ing fro m t hi s manu fac t ur e caus e d a gr e at d e ma nd for lab o ur a nd cr e at e d a p o w e rful i nt e r e s t i n all class e s e ng age d i n i t t o e nc o urage p o pulat ion A t t h e sam e t im e as i t o nly a ffo rd e d e mpl o ym e nt duri ng t wo m o nt h s i n summ e r a nd fr o m it s b e ing a gr e at o bj e c t t o bring a large quan t i t y as qu i ckly as p o ss i bl e t o mark e t d e ma n d e d a large am o u nt o f l a b o ur a t o ne s e as o n o f t h e y e ar o nly a n add it io nal r e s o urc e was fo un d i n t h e p ot at o int r o duc e d i n 1 7 4 3 b ut cul t iva t e d t o a l i m it e d e x t e nt t ill t h i s p e r i o d w h e n i t s cul t ur e e x t e n d e d as rap i dly as t h e ma nufac t ur e o f k e lp h ad in cr e as e d u nt il it b e cam e t he princi pal m e a ns o f subs is t e n c e o f a large p o r t io n o f t he p o pulat ion Th e i n cr e as e o f t h e p o pula t io n a nd t he e x t e ns io n o f t he cul t ur e o f t h e p o t at o w h i c h acc o mpa nie d i t may b e illus t ra t e d fr o m t h e s t a t is t i cs o f o ne pari s h i n S ky e T he p c pu lat ion o f t hi s p a r is h i n 1 8 0 1 wa s 2 5 5 5 I n 1 8 4 1 i t h ad i ncr e as e d t o 36 2 5 I n 1 8 0 1 t h e pr o duc e o f t h e p a r is h c on s is t e d o f 1 6 0 0 b o lls o f o at s a nd he re a nd o f 5 0 0 0 barr e ls o f p o t at oe s I n 1 8 4 1 1 6 1 8 b o lls o f g rain a nd barre ls o f p o t a t oe s T h us w h il e t he p opulat io n s h o we d a n incr e as e o f 1 0 7 0 t h e pr o duc e o f t he c e r e al cr o ps h ad u nd e rgo ne l it t l e c h a ng e dur ing t h e f o r t y y e ars pr e c e d ing 1 8 4 1 b ut t h e cul t i vat io n o f t h e p o t a t o h ad i ncre as e d s i xfo ld a nd c o us e ,
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qu e nt ly furnis h e d t h e s o l e add it io na l pro duc t io n t o m e e t t he re qu ir e m e nt s o f t h e add it i o n al p o pula t i o n Th e cr o ft ing sys t e m wa s firs t i nt ro duc e d by t he ar a bl e p or t ion o f t h e small fa rms or t o wns h ips pr e vio usly h e ld in c o mm on a nd cul t iv a t e d i n ru nrig b e ing p e rma ne nt ly d ivi d e d a m o ng t h e j o i nt t ena nt s i n s e para t e cro ft s t h e pas t ur e re maini ng in c o mm on T h is t h ou gh a n i mpr ov e m e nt wit h r e fe r e nc e t o t h e cul t i va t io n o f t he fa rm was u n fo r t u na t e ly no t acc o mpa ni e d by a ny prac t i ca l g uar a nt e e a g a i ns t sub d iv i d ing by t h e s e curi t y o i l e as e s or by t h e e n c o urag e m e nt Th e pr e v i o us a nd a t t e nt ion w h i c h t h e cr o f t e rs r e qu i r e d sys t e m w h e r e t h e arabl e l a n d wa s h e ld in j oint t e nan cy t h o u gh n e c e ssar ily i mply i ng a l o w s t a t e o f ag ri cul t ur e y e t a ffo rd e d s o m e g uarant e e s i n t h e j oint i nt e r e s t cre at e d by i t agains t subd ivi s ion ; b ut w h e n t h e e mpl oym e nt a ffo rd e d by t h e ma nufa c t ur e o f k e lp b e cam e t h e pr in c ip a l d e p e n d e n c e o f all cl a ss e s a nd t h e cul t i vat ion o f t h e l a n d o f s e c on dary i m p o rt anc e t h e c ompara t i v e i nd e p e nd e nc e o f t h e t e nant s o n e ac h o t h e r w h i c h r e sul t e d fr o m t h e p o ss e ss io n of s e para t e cro ft s a ffo rd e d fat al faci lit ie s for subd i vi s io n a nd sub l e t t ing w h ic h w e re carrie d t o a gre at e x t e nt T h i s re sul t wa s l ik e wis e incr e as e d by s e p a ra t e l ot t ing o n t h e part o f t h e p ro h rie t o rs o r o f t h o s e i n t h e m a nag e m e nt o f t h e i r e s t a t e s T e p Fe n c ibl e r e gim e nt s h ad b e e n rai s e d i n many cas e s o n a p ro m is e t o g iv e l ot s o r p o ss e ss io ns t o t h e r e cruit s a n d w h e n d is b a n d e d t h e s e pr o m is e s h a d t o b e r e d e e m e d A sys t e m o f ral a n d i nd i scri m in a t e l o t t ing was i nt r o duc e d a n d carr i e d n e e g o n by w h ic h s e par a t e l ot s w e r e pr o v i d e d fo r t h e p o pula t i o n as t h e y pr e ss e d s t ill m or e up o n t h e la nd w h il e t h e e mpl o y m e nt a fford e d by t h e k e lp a nd t h e incr e as e d cul t ure o f t h e p o t at o pr o v id e d a re s o urc e for t h e ir o ccup a nt s T he t e nd e ncy o f all t h is wa s g r e a t ly t o i n cr e as e t h e c o t t a r class wh o w e r e sub t e nant s u n d e r t h e t acksm e n a nd sm all t e nant s t h e ir lab o ur b e ing u su a lly t a k e n in plac e o f r e nt in r e t urn for t h e .
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L AND T ENU RE I N
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w it h a l im i t e d p o t a t o cul t ure a nd no e x t r a o rd i nary d e ma n d fo r l a b o ur t h i s class h ad h i t h e r t o no t Ot h e r c ircums t a nc e s s t ill f ur t h e r b e e n v e ry num e ro us T he Brit is h t e n d e d t o add t o t h i s class o f t he c o mmu nit y Fi s h e ry S o c ie t y h ad e s t abl is h e d i n 1 7 8 8 t h e fis hing vi ll ag e s U llap oo l S t e i n a nd o t h ers w it h a v ie w o f o f T o b e rm o ry pr o s e cu t ing a p e rm a ne nt fis h ing t rad e a nd pr o prie t o rs h ad fo ll o w e d t h e ir e xampl e i n s e t t ing s im il a r c o mmu nit ie s o n t h e s e a c o as t as a r e s o urc e fo r t h e d isp o ss e ss e d p o pula t io n S mall l o t s ge ne rally a b o u t t wo acr e s w e re giv e n t o t h e p ro p o s e d fis h e rm e n b u t t h e s e v illage s fa il e d i n t h e m a in fr o m var io us c a us e s a nd fo rm e d a r e fu g e for t h e d isp o ss e ss e d p o pul a t io n o f n e igh b o ur ing pr o p e r t ie s t ill t h e y fur nis h e d T he e x e x a mpl e s o f t h e p oo r e s t cl a ss o f l e t t e rs o r c o t t ars t e n s io n Of t h e larg e farms a nd t h e r e m oval o f t h e fo rm e r o ccup a nt s o f t h e l a n d u n acc o mpa nie d by e m igra t io n—t h e H igh land cl e aring i n t h e pr o p e r s e ns e o f t h e t e rm— ne c e s s a rily add e d t o t h e n umb e rs o f t h e sam e class a nd a ny sub s e qu e nt e n fo rc e d e migra t io n was t o o o ft e n o f a c h arac t e r w h i c h n o t o nly d id n o t h ing t o r e duce t he numb e rs o f t h is class b ut r a t h e r t e nd e d t o aggrav a t e t h e e v i l a s t h e fam il ie s i t r e m o v e d w e r e g e ne rally o f t h e b e t t e r class o f sm a ll t e na nt ry a bl e t o pr o v i d e s o m e par t o f t h e c o s t o f t ra ns it w h il e t h e l a n d t h e y o ccup ie d was a t t h e s a m e t im e w i t h draw n fr o m cul t iva t io n a nd t h o s e o f i t s o ccupa nt s wh o d id no t e migra t e w e r e n e c e ssar i ly t h r o w n up o n t h e c o t t ar p o pula t io n S uc h was t h e p o s it io n o f t h e p o pul a t io n w h e n t h e ma nu fact ure o f k e lp a ft e r pr o v ing a s o urc e o f w e al t h a nd e mpl o y m e nt c e as e d t o b e s o r e mu ne ra t iv e a f t e r t h e r e p e al o f t h e sal t du t y in 1 8 1 7 a nd was fi nally pr o s t rat e d u nd e r t h e c o m p e t it io n pr o duc e d by t h e r e duc t ion o f t h e dut y on bari lla T h e p e o pl e h a d b e c o m e t o a g re a t e x t e nt d e p e n d e nt o n t h e p ot at o for a c o ns id e rabl e p o r t io n o f t h e y e ar a nd t h e e mplo y m e nt a ffo rd e d by t h e k e lp supplie d t he p e ri o d b e t w e e n t h e
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c o nsu mp t io n o f t h e p o t at o cr o p o f o n e y e ar a n d t h at o f t he succe e d ing cr op A ll cl a ss e s app e a r t o h av e fo rgo t t e n t h at t h e pr o fi t s o f t h e k e lp m a n ufa c t ur e w e re n o t t h e l e g it i ma t e pr oduc e o f t h e l a n d o n w h i c h t h e y c o uld d e p e n d as p ro p ri e t o rs a nd t e nant s b ut t h a t t h e y w e r e i n fa c t e ng a ge d in a m a n ufa c t ure subj e c t t o t h e fluc t ua t io ns o f t rad e ari s ing fro m t h e s t a t e o f t h e m a rk e t a n d m ig h t b e plac e d in t h e s a m e p o s it ion as a manufact ur ing p o pulat io n dur ing o ne o f t h e p e rio d i cal s t agna t io ns o f t ra d e Th e sudd e n w it h draw a l o f t h i s r e s o urc e l e ft t h e main p a r t o f t h e H ig h l a n d p o pul a t io n i n a s im ilar s it uat io n e xc e p t t h a t t h e y h a d b e c o m e r o o t e d t o t h e s o i l a n d c o nfirm e d i n h a b it s w h i c h u n t t e d t h e m t o m e e t t h e cri s is A c ons i d e ra bl e p o r t io n o f t h e p o pul a t io n d iscl o s e d t h e a pp e ar a nc e o f a paras it e cl a ss pr e ss ing l a rg e ly up o n t h e m e a ns o f subs is t e n c e a nd t h e r e s ourc e s o f o t h e rs a nd t h e c o t t ars h avi n l s o t t h e r e s o urc e o f t h e k e lp b e cam e g e xp o s e d t o a n a nnu a l d e s t it u t i o n dur ing t h e p e r io d w h i c h i nt e rv e n e d b e t w e e n t h e c o nsump t i on o f t h e pr o duc e o f e a c h p ot a t o cr o p u nt i l t h e par t ia l fa ilur e o f t h a t cr 0 p in t h e y e ars 1 8 3 6 3 7 a nd t h e m o r e e x t e ns i v e d e s t ruc t io n o f it i n 1 8 4 7 a nd t h r e e succ e e d ing y e ars r e duc e d a l a r ge p o r t i o n o f t h e p opul a t ion t o a s t a t e o f a bs o lu t e d e s t it u t io n for t h e t im e a nd br ou gh t t h e ir s o c ia l p o s it io n pro m ine nt ly u nd e r t he no t ic e o f all class e s o f t h e c o mmu nit y Th e s t at is t ics o f t h e s a m e pari s h in S ky e w ill a ffo rd a fa ir illus t ra t i o n o f t h e ir p o s it io n during t h e fa ilur e o f t h e p o t a t o cro p Th e p a r is h c o ns is t e d t h e n o f 4 8 2 6 a cr e s o f a rabl e lan d 4 339 o f g r e e n p a s t ur e a n d T h e re o f h i ll p a s t ur e w e re fo ur larg e farms c o nt a ini ng ab o u t 1 2 0 0 a cr e s o f a r a bl e l a nd a nd o n t h e s e farms t h e r e w e r e t w e nt y ve fa milie s o f c o t t a rs Th e r e m a ining 3 6 7 6 acre s o f a ra bl e l a n d w e re d is t ribu t e d am o ng t h ir t y s e v e n t o w n s h ips h e ld by 3 3 4 fam il ie s o f cr o ft e rs ; a n d up o n t h e s e 3 34 f a m i l i e s o f cr o f t e rs t h e r e wa s T h e p a rt i c u a p a r a s i t e p o pul a t io n Of 3 0 0 fa m i l i e s o f c o t t a rs .
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w ill s h o w s t ill m o re cl e a rly t he s t a t e o f t h e p o pulat io n a t t h is t i m e One c o ns is t ing o f 20 5 acr e s was h e ld by n ine t e na nt s w h o s e f a m i l ie s am o u nt e d t o fo r t y t h re e p e rs o ns Of t h e s e 2 0 5 acre s 4 2 w e r e u n d e r cul t ivat io n t h e usual pro duc e o f w h ic h wa s s ix t y o ne b oll s T h e y h ad t w e nt y fo ur c o ws s i x t e e n s h e e p a nd six h o rs e s a nd t he t o t al r e nt pai d by t h e m was £ 8 4 a nd up o n t h i s farm t h e i r w e r e b e s id e s t e n fam il ie s o f c ot t ars giving a p o pulat ion o f A no t h e r e ig h t y s ix s o uls o n a farm pay i ng o nly £ 8 4 o f r e nt t o w ns h ip c ont a ine d 1 6 1 acr e s a nd was h e ld by fo ur fam il ie s o f cr o ft t e na nt s T h e re w e r e o nly 2 2 acr e s u nd e r cul t ivat io n y ie ld ing o n a n av e rage t h ir t y t wo b o lls T h e y h ad e igh t c o ws t w e nt y o ne s h e e p a nd fo ur h o rs e s a nd pai d £ 5 5 o f r e nt a nd o n t h i s far m w e re s e v e n fam il ie s o f c ot t ars I n anot h e r par is h i n t h e sam e i sla nd a t o w ns h ip pay ing £ 6 8 o f r e n t was h e ld by t w e nt y t wo fam il i e s o f cr o ft e r t e na nt s w h il e t h e r e w e re l o cat e d i n t h e t o w n s h ip no fe w e r t h an t w e nt y ve fa m il ie s o f c o t t ars giv i ng a p o pulat i on o f 2 5 0 8 s o ul s d e p e nd e nt o n t h e pr o duc e o f t h e g ro u n d for subsis t e nc e I t m igh t h o w e v e r b e e xp e c t e d t h a t t h e fe at ur e s o f t he o ld e r s t a t e o f t h e o ccupa nt s o f t h e s o il w o uld b e l o nge r p re s e rv e d i n t h e Out e r H e bri d e s w h e r e t h e re was l e ss i nt e rc o urs e wi t h t h e ma inland a nd a n acc o u nt o f t h e pr e s e nt s t at e o f s o m e o f t h e t o w ns h ips in t he L ong I slan d h as b e e n k in dly c o mmu ni c a t e d for t h i s w o rk by M r A l e xa nd e r C arm ic h a e l a a n d is n t e n l e m a n wh o h as b e e n l o n r s i d n t am o h e m t e e g g g int im a t e ly acqu a int e d w it h t h e ir c on d i t ion w h i c h w ill fur ni s h a n appr o pr ia t e c on clus io n t o t h i s c h ap t e r T h e y l i ng e r l ong am ong a Old sys t e ms are t e nac io us lars
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tc h has be e n ma i nly t a k n f o m t h e e p o rts o f t h e B o a rd fo r t h e Re l ie f o f H igh la n d D e s t it ut i on i n t h e ye a rs 18 47 18 50 (T hi d R p o t fo r 1 848 p 2 4 S e c o n d Re p o t fo r 18 5 0 p T he 8
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rural p e o pl e a nd i n r e m o t e pla c e s Of t h e s e is t h e land sys t e m o f ru nrig (M or Ea ra nn) w h ic h c h arac t e ris e s m o r e o r l e ss t h e lan d sys t e m o f s o m e o f t h e W e s t e r n I sl e s h i re a ll e d n I t nn i all T e u e r H e br d e s a c t h e L o s G O ) ( g T h e y are a s e rie s I sland (Ei lea nn F a d a I nni s F a d a ) a n d v a ry i n o f i sla n ds 1 1 9 m il e s i n l e ngt h g fr o m h a lf a m il e t o t w e nt y m il e s i n br e ad t h T h i s k it e l ik e c h a in o f 4 0 inh ab it e d a nd upwards o f 1 5 0 u ni nh a b i t e d i sl a n ds c o n M uc h o f t h e l a nd is h e ld by t ain s a p o pulat io n o f t h e r e b e ing a nd e xt e ns iv e t acksm e n o n l e as e s (F i r B a i le ) no i nt e rm e d ia t e t e n a nt ry t h e r e s t o f t h e la nd i s o ccup ie d by small t e nant s a t w ill w it h o u t l e as e s T h e s e n umb e r 4 5 0 0 t h e maj o r i t y o f w h o m fis h as w e ll as farm The c o u nt ry i s d iv i d e d i nt o t o w nl a nds o f v a r io us e x t e nt T h e arabl e la n d (Fe a ra nn gra i nsic h ) o ccu pi e d by t h e small t e n a nt s o f t h e s e t o w nla nds i s w o rk e d i n t h r e e w a ys as cro ft s w h olly as cr o f t s a nd ru nr ig c o mb ine d a nd as ru nrig w h olly I n L e w i s a nd H a rr is t h e a ra bl e l an d i s w h o lly d ivi d e d int o cr oft s ; i n U is t a nd Barra t h e a r a bl e l a n d is d iv id e d in par t int o cr o ft s a nd i n p a r t w o rk e d i n run rig ; wh il e i n t h e t o w nl a n ds o f H o s t a C ao las Pa ip il a nd t h e i sl a n d o f H e i sg e i r i n N o r t h U i s t t h e ar a bl e la n d i s w o rk e d e xclu The s ive ly up o n t h e ru n r ig s y s t e m o f s h a r e a n d s h a r e al ik e f h i n o t t n n f t h raz r u d a s ac h w la d h r u h u n o e e t o e t n n t e o t o o g gg g L ong I sl a nd is h e ld in c o mm o n (in L e w is c a ll e d Comhp a i rt ) Th e s o il var ie s fro m pur e sa n d t o pur e m o ss A l o ng t h e A t lant ic t h e r e i s a w i d e plain o f s a ndy s o i l call e d M a c ha i r T h is m e rg e s i nt o a m i x t ur e o f s a n d a nd m o ss (B re a c t ha la mh o r m o t t l e d s o il ) w h i c h ag ain m e rg e s i nt o t h e pur e m o ss (Moi nte a c h) t o wards t h e M inc h A S t he s oil is dry On t h e a nd s a ndy i f t h e summ e r i s dry t h e cr o p is l ig h t o t h e r h a nd i f t h e summ e r is m o i s t t h e cr o p i s h e avy a nd h I n o rd e r t h a t all may h a v e a n e qu a l c h a n c e t e d oo g Ma c ha i r b e l o nging t o t h e m i s e qually d iv i d e d am o ng t he .
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L AND T ENU RE I N T H E HIG HLA ND S
380
[BOOK m
L
A ND I S A ND S
.
Obv io usly t h e m a n wh o is
r e s t r ic t e d t o his cr o ft h as fe w e r adva nt age s t h a n t h e m a n w ho t o ge t h e r w i t h h is cr o f t h as his S h ar e o f t h e M a c ha i r a nd s t ill fe we r a dv a nt a e s t h a n t h e m a n wh o h as ri n i f e w h o r r i i t hi s gh g g g b o urs t h e run o f t h e var io us s oil s o f h is t ow nland w h i c h n t o n w o r a d ry i v s am sys m s qu ly a e n t h e e C e e t e t e t o g s e as o n a ffe c t s t h e t e nant o f t h e cro ft sys t e m m o r e t h an t h e t e na nt o f t h e c o mb i ne d sys t e m a n d t h e t e n a nt o f t h e c om b i ne d sys t e m m o r e t h a n t h e t e n a nt o f t he ru nr ig sys t e m Th e t o w nla n d o f H o s t a is o ccup i e d by fo ur C a o las Pa ip il by s ix a nd t h e i sla nd o f H e isge ir by t w e lv e t e nant s T o w ards t h e e n d o f au t um n w h e n h arv e s t i s o v e r a nd t h e frui t s y e ar h a v e b e e n g at h e r e d i n t h e c o ns t abl e (Con o f t he s t uba l F oi i f e a d e a c h ) calls a m e e t i n o f t h e t e n a nt s o f t h e g t o w nla n d fo r N a b a c h d (pr e fe rably N a bu i d he a c hd ne ig h b o ur li n e ss) T h e y m e e t a nd h aving d e ci d e d up on t h e p or t ion o f la n d (L eob Cla r ) t o b e p ut u n d e r r cr p x t y e ar e n n e e o g t h e y d iv i d e i t i nt o s h ar e s acc o rd ing t o t h e numb e r o f t e n ant s in t h e plac e a n d t h e numb e r o f s h ar e s i n t h e s o il t h e y r e sp e c t iv e ly p o ss e ss T h e r e up o n t h e y c a s t l o t s (Cra nna t e na nt s
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s h ar e w h i c h falls t o a t e nant h e r e t a in s for t h r e e y e a rs A t h i rd o f t h e la n d u nd e r cul t iva t io n is t h us d i v id e d e v e ry y e ar A cc o rd ingly t h e w h o l e cul t ivat e d lan d o f t h e t o w n l a n d u nd e rgo e s r e d iv i s io n e v e ry t h r e e y e ars S h o uld a ma n a r e h e i s all o w e d t o c h o o s e hi s s h ar e i n t h e ne x t t a b ad s h e g d ivi s io n Th e t e na nt s d iv i d e t h e lan d i nt o s h ar e s o f u nifo rm s i z e For t h i s purp o s e t h e y u se a ro d s e v e ral y a rds l o ng nd a n d t h e y o bs e rv e a s muc h a ccuracy i n m e asur i n t h i r la e g a s a dra p e r i n m e asur in I n ma rk ing t h e b o u nd g h is c l o t h ary b e t w e e n s h a r e s a t urf (Tore ) is d ug u p a nd t urne d o v e r a lon T h e t o r e i s t h e n c u t al o ng g t he l in e o f d e m a rcat i o n t h e m i ddl e a nd h a lf i s t ak e n by t h e t e n ant o n o ne s id e a nd h alf by t h e t e n ant o n t h e o t he r s id e i n pl ou gh ing t h e sub se .
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qu e nt furr o w ; s imilar care b e ing a ft e rw a rds e x e rc is e d i n cu t t i ng t h e c o rn al ong t h e furro w T h e t e nant s p or t ion o f t h e ru nrig is t e rm e d Ci a nag a nd hi s pr o p o r t i o n o f t h e n h a ys C o i r sg o ra idh r v ry p u d p a z in f o e o r e e g g T h e r e a re n o fe nc e s r o u n d t h e fi e lds The cro p b e ing t h us e xp o s e d t o i njury fr o m t h e ca t t l e g r a z i ng al o ng t he s i d e t h e p e o pl e l e av e a pr o t e c t ing rig o n t h e m arg i n o f t h e cr o p T h is rig i s d ivi d e d t ra nsv e rs e ly i nt o s h a r e s in o rd e r t o sub j c e t all t h e t e na nt s t o e qual r isk The rig is call e d i nd is c ri mina t e ly I oma i r i ona i lt br o ws i ng rig I oma i r a c hr ui d h t h e cat t l e rig a nd I oma i r e c oma c ha i d h t h e pr o mi scu o us rig Th e a rrang e m e nt i s n am e d Coma c ha d h pr o m iscu o us Occ a s io nally a nd fo r l im it e d b it s o f g r o u n d t h e p e o pl e t ill s o w a nd r e ap i n c o mm o n a nd d iv i d e t h e pr o duc e i n t o s h ar e s (B a i nn B a nnta i c hea n) a nd dra w l o t s T hi s t oo i s call e d Th e sys t e m was n o t u n c o mm o n Coma c ha d h pr o m i scu o us in t h e pas t t h o u g h no w n e a rly o bs o l e t e I n m a k ing t h e i r o wn la n d arra ng e m e nt s for t h e y e ar t h e t e nan t s se t a par t a p ie c e o f gr o u n d t o w a rds t h e supp o r t o f t h e i r p oo r T h i s gro u n d i s c a ll e d Ci a nag na m boc hd t h e Ci a n ag o f t h e p o o r a nd T a la mh n a m boc hd t h e g ro u n d o f t he p o o r F arm pr o duc e g iv e n t o t h e p o o r wh o g o a b o u t w h e n t h e cro p is b e ing s e cur e d is t e rm e d F e ig h F a igh o r F a o ig h Th e pr o duc e for w h i c h t h e suppl iant t r a v e ls d e no t e s t h e n a t ur e o f t h e F a oig h o r a id as F a oig h c loi mh w o o l a id F a oig h a ra i r c o r n a i d o r F a oig h bunt a t a p o t a t o a id I n re cl a im ing m oo rl a n d (M oi nt e a c h S li a hb B i a sg ) t h e t e nan t s d i vi d e t h e g r o u n d i nt o narr o w s t rips o f ve fe e t wi d e o r t h e re by T h e s e s t ri ps call e d l a zy b e ds (Fe a nn a a n fro m F e a nn t o scari fy g ) t h e t e na nt s a ll o t a m o ng t h e m s e lv e s acc o rd ing t o t h e i r s h are s o r cro ft s Th e p e o pl e m u t u a lly e n c o urage o ne a no t h e r t o pl a nt a s muc h o f t h is I n t h is m a nne r muc h w a s t e l an d i s re gr o u n d a s p o ss ibl e clai me d a nd e nh a nc e d i n valu e a nd gr o u n d h i t h e r t o t h e ’
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L AND T ENU RE I N
38 2
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T HE HI G I ILA ND S A ND I S A ND S
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s t o ne c h at g ro us e s ni p e a nd su nd e w i s mad e t o y ie ld luxur ia nt cro ps o f p o t a t oe s c o r n h ay a nd grass N ot u nfr e qu e nt ly h o w e v e r t h e s e land r e clamat io ns a re wre s t e d w it h o u t ack no wl e d g m e nt fr o m t h os e wh o mad e t h e m Th e s h e e p ca t t l e a n d h o rs e s o f t he t o w nla n d (Sp re i d h a bha i le ) graz e t oge t h e r t h e sp e c ie s b e ing s e parat e A t e nant c a n o nly k e e p s t o ck c o nfo rmably t o his s h ar e i n t h e s oi l He is h o w e v e r a t l ib e r t y t o r e g ulat e t h e pre p o rt ions o f t h e d i ffe r e nt k in ds pr o v i d e d t h a t hi s t o t al s t o ck d o e s no t He may k e e p a larg e r e xc e e d h is t o t al g raz ing r ig h t s n umb e r o f o ne S p e c ie s a n d a c o rr e sp o nd ing sm a ll e r n umb e r o f ano t h e r Or h e c a n k e e p a gre at e r numb e r o f t he y o u ng a n d a c o rre sp o n d i ng l e ss n umb e r o f t h e o l d o f t h e sam e sp e cie s or t h e r e v e rs e A b o u t Wh it su nt id e w h e n t h e y o u ng bra ird app e ars t h e p e o pl e r e m o v e t h e ir s h e e p a nd cat t l e t o t h e gr a z ing gr o u n d b e h i n d t h e arabl e l a n d (Ge a rru i d h T h is i s call e d cl e a ri ng t h e t o w n Cu lc i nn S li a bh o r B e i nn) land a nd i s var io usly t e r m e d in vario us d is t ri ct s —Re i t ea c h
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anot h e r d ist ri c t t h e sc um (Bo lo h a l) m e a ns t h e c o w — i m i n a n t r t e e t e e e h re m d a d sc d s t h e c a lf t h e o ne a nd h e y e ar ol d s t irk a nd t h e t wo y e ar old qu e y I n a t h ird di s t r ic t t h e sc u m o r B 0 le h a l c o mpr e h e n ds t h e c ow h e r calf h e r one y e ar ol d s t irk ve animals vi z h e r t wo y e ar o l d qu e y a n d he r t h r e e y e ar o l d h e i fe r W h e n t he calf h as at t aine d fo ur y e ars o f age i t i s o us t e d fr o m t he s c um a nd class e d w it h t h e c o ws T h e p e o pl e c on fo rm t o t h e i r c o d e i n e qual is i ng t h e i r s t o ck D iff e re nt sp e ci e s o f a nim als a re pl a c e d a gains t o ne a no t h e r a nd t h e sam e sp e cie s a t d i ffe r e nt age s T h i s is call e d Coilp ea c ha d h e qu a l is ing T h e graz ing e qu i val e nt s o f a c o w a re e igh t calv e s fo ur o ne y e ar old s t irks t wo t wo y e ar o ne t h r e e y e ar o l d h e i f e r a nd o ne s t irk o ld qu e ys e igh t 10 s h e e p t w e lv e h oggs s i x t e e n lambs or s ix t e e n g e e s e Th e i raz qu val e nt s o f t h e h o rs e a re e ig h t foa ls f o ur o n e i n e g g — ar fill i e s t wo t w o y e ar Ol d fill ie s o ne t h r e e y e a r o ld o ld e y Th e h o rs e i s d e e m e d a n d o n e o ne y e ar o ld filly o r t wo c o ws t o h a v e arr i v e d a t g raz i ng mat ur it y a t f o ur y e ars o f a ge T h r e e o ne y e ar old h oggs a re c o ns i d e r e d e qual i n gr a z ing t o t wo S h e e p a nd o ne t wo y e ar o ld h ogg i s d e e m e d e qu a l t o o ne T h e c o w i s e nt it l e d t o h e r calf S h o uld a t e na nt S he e p h av e t wo c o ws w it h o u t calv e s t h e c o ws a re e nt it l e d t o g e t o ne o n e y e a r o l d s t irk o r i t s e qu i val e nt a l o ng w i t h t h e m A n d S h o uld h e h av e fo ur c o ws w i t h o u t c a lv e s t h e c o ws c lai m t wo o ne y e a r o ld qu e ys or t h e i r e qu iv a l e nt s In
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L AND T ENU RE I N T HE HIG HL AND S
38 4
L
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c o mpl e t e i t i s t e rm e d L ei bhi d h sla n a nd S u ma c ha dh s la n t h a t is w h o l e Le i bhidh a nd w h o l e s o um a nd F i a r sla n o r w h o l e grass T he a nimals w h ic h g o t o c o mpl e t e t h e s t o ck o r s o um a re call e d S la nui c h S la nu i c he a n c o mpl e t e rs S h o uld t h e s t o ck o r s o um b e i nc o mpl e t e i t is L e i bhi dh bri st e br o k e n s t o ck ; S uma c ha dh bri st e bro k e n s o um o r Fi a r bri ste Bri s ti a r T h e o dd a nimals b e y o nd t h e c o mpl e t e bro k e n grass s t o ck o r s o um a re B ri st i c h Bri sti c hc a n or Be a c ha br ist e br ok e n b e as t s l n t h e e v e nt o f a t e nan t h a v ing a n o v e rs t o ck (Ba r r le ibhe ) o r a n o ve rs o um (Ba r r su ma B a rr su i me ) h e mus t pr o v i d e for i t i nd e p e nd e nt ly He m a y buy g raz ing fr o m a ne ig h b o ur i n his o wn or c o nt ig u o us t o w nla n d wh o h a s a n le ibhe ) o r a n u n d e rs o um (Ci or sui me o r u nd e rs t o ck (C i or— t h e c o mmu nit y may a ll o w t h e o v e rs t o ck t o r e m a in o n t h e I f t h rass i ll h e la t t e r paym e nt o f t h e e c a n d isp o s e o f i t t g o f t h e e x t r a a ni mals i s e xac t e d acc o rd ing t o t h e ir r az in g g c o d e Th e a m o u nt is pai d o v e r t o t h e fu nd o f t he c o mmu nit y w h i c h is us e d fo r t h e c o mm on g o o d t o wards buy ing fr e s h s t o ck bulls t ups o r fo r s o m e suc h purp o s e T he s o u m ing is a m e nd e d a t L amm a s (L u na st a i n) af t e r t he firs t mark e t s a re h e ld a nd re am e n d e d a t Hall o w t i d e aft e r t h e las t m ark e t s are o v e r w h e n t h e fi na l a nd w int e r arrange m e nt s are m a d e I n L e w i s a nd H arri s t h e cro ft e rs k e e p s t o ck acc o rd ing T h is sys t e m i s t e rm e d t o e v e ry p o u n d o f r e nt t h e y pay sg or a i d h t h e r i h t o f Cosg a rr a d h e v i d e n t ly Coi r— g g raz i ng T h e r e b e i ng no fe n c e s t o pro t e c t t h e e l d s d uring summ e r a nd au t um n t h e h e rds are pl a c e d a t n igh t i n e n cl o sur e s t o s e cur e t h e m ag ai ns t t r e spass ing o n t h e cro p The e ncl osure fo r h o rs e s i s call e d M a rc la n Co mhlong ; fo r ca t t l e Bua i le Cu i t he ; fo r s h e e p Cr o F a ng F a i ng fo r go a t s M a i nni r Cro ; a nd fo r calfs a n d lambs Cot a n ‘
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s h o uld br e a k l o o s e a n d dam a g e t h e c o r n T h i s du t y i s t wo me n wa t c h t h e fo lds t o g e t h e r a t nig h t call e d Cu a rt a c ha d h r o u nd ing t h e fo lds a nd d e v olv e s up o n S h o ul d t h e wa t c h e rs b e c o m e t wo o f t h e t e na nt s i n r o t at io n remiss t owards t h e d a w n w h e n t h e h e rds b e gin t o m o v e s o m e o f t h e anim a ls may br e ak t h r o u gh t h e e ncl o sur e a nd caus e l o ss I f so t h e t wo t e nant s a re h e ld l ia bl e a nd are r e qu ir e d t o mak e r e parat io n (D i ola d h) Th e da m a ge i s appra is e d by t h e c o ns t abl e wh o is sw o rn t o d o j us t ic e a nd i n t h is cap a c it y i s t e r m e d F oi rf e i d a c h t h e j us t o ne o r Th e c o n s t abl e s valu a t io n i s h e ld M e a sa i c he t h e v a lua t o r fi nal u nl e ss h e s h o uld b e int e r e s t e d w h e n t h e e ld e s t t e n ant t a k e s hi s pl a c e T h e cr o f t e rs h av e a c o d e o f r e g ula t io n s fo r w h i c h i f br o k e n r e parat i on is mad e S h o uld a cr o ft e r s h o rs e bre ak l o o s e o r his fo wls s t ray a nd s o d e s t r o y a ne igh b o ur s c o r n t h e i nj ury is valu e d a nd t h e am o u nt p a i d i nt o t h e c o mm o n fu n d A ll fi ne s a nd r e para t io n s (Ca i n D i ola d h) a re p a i d T h e cr o ft e r o v e r t o t h i s f un d o r us e d for t h e c o mm o n g oo d p a ying t h e ne d oe s no t l o s e all int e r e s t t h e r e i n no r d o e s t h e cr o f t e r t o w h o m r e p a ra t io n i s m a d e d e r iv e t h e e xclus iv e b e ne fi t t h e r e fro m T h is r e par a t io n i s e xac t e d by t h e fa rm c ons t a bl e i n h is o f cia l capac i t y as r e pr e s e nt ing t h e cr o f t e rs 11 o f t h e farm a s a b o dy Hav i ng fi nis h e d t h e ir t ill a g e t h e p e o pl e go e arly i n J une t o t h e hill graz ing w it h t h e i r fl o cks T his is a busy T h e p e o pl e a re up a n d i n c o mm o t io n d a y i n t h e t o w nlan d l ik e b e e s a b o u t t o swarm Th e d iffe r e nt fa m il ie s br ing t h e i r h e rds t oge t h e r a nd driv e t h e m a w a y Th e s h e e p l e ad t h e c at t l e go ne xt t h e y ou nge r pr e c e d ing a nd t h e h o rs e s foll o w Th e me n c a rry burd e ns o f s t i cks h e a t h e r r o p e s spad e s a n d
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L A ND T ENU RE I N T II E HI G HL AND S A ND I S L AND S
38 6
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d e d t o r e pa ir t h e ir summ e r h u t s (Sg i the i l Bot h a i n) Th e w o m e n carry b e dd ing m e al dairy a nd c o o k ing u t e n s ils Ro u n d b e l o w t h e ir wai s t s is a t h ick w o o ll e n c o rd or l e at h e rn s t rap (Cr i c s f he ile k il t ba nd ) u n d e rne at h w h ic h t h e ir sk irt s a re draw n up t o e nabl e t h e m t o w al k Bar e fo o t e d bar e h e a d e d c o m e ly b o ys e as i ly o v e r t h e m o o rs a nd gi rls w it h g au nt sag ac i o u s d og s fli t h it h e r a n d t h it h e r k e e p ing t h e h e rds t og e t h e r a s b e s t t h e y c a n a nd e v e ry no w a nd t h e n h av ing a n e ck a nd ne ck rac e w it h s o m e p e rv e rs e animal t ry ing t o ru n away h o m e T h e re i s muc h n o i s e M e n—s e v e r a l a t a t im e —g iv e d ire c t io ns a nd sc old Wo m e n k ni t t h e ir s t o ck i ng s s ing t h e ir s o ngs t alk a nd walk as fre e a nd e r e c t as if t h e r e w e r e no burd e ns o n t h e i r backs n o r o n t h e i r h e ar t s n or s in no r s o rr o w i n t h i s w o rld o f o urs so far A b o v e t h i s d i n r i s e t h e v oi c e s o f t h e a s t h e y a re c o n c e r ne d var i o us animals b e ing t h us u nw ill ingly dri v e n fr o m t h e ir h o m e s S h e e p bl e e t for t h e ir lambs lambs for t h e ir m o t h e rs ; c o ws l o w fo r t h e i r c a lv e s a nd calv e s l o w fo r t h e i r d a ms ; mar e s ne ig h fo r t h e i r fo als a nd fo als r e ply a s t h e y ligh t ly t r i p r o u n d ab o u t l itt l e t h ink ing o f c o m ing w o rk a nd h ard far e A ll wh o m e e t o n t h e way bl e ss t h e t r ia l as t h i s re m o v ing is c a ll e d T h e y w i s h i t go o d luck a nd pr osp e rit y a nd o o d fl it t ing day h av ing inv ok e d t h e care of a nd a g I sra e l s S h e p h e rd o n m a n a nd b e as t t h e y pass o n W h e n t h e graz ing g r o u nd h as b e e n r e ac h e d a nd t he burd e n s a re lai d d o wn t h e h u t s a re r e paire d o u t wardly a nd i nwardly t h e fir e s a re r e k in dl e d a n d fo o d i s pr e par e d T h e p e o pl e bring fo rward t h e ir s t o ck e v e ry ma n s s t o ck s e parat e ly a nd as t h e y are b e ing dri v e n int o t h e e n cl o sure t h e c on s t abl e a n d a n o t h e r m a n a t e it h e r s i d e o f t he g a t e way s e e t h at o nly t h e pr o p e r s o um ing h as b e e n br o ugh t t o T h i s pr e cau t io n o v e r t h e cat t l e are t ur ne d o ut t h e graz ing t o graz e H a vi ng s e e n t o t h e ir ca t t l e a nd s o r t e d t h e i r s h e alings ot
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p e o pl e r e pair t o t h e ir r e m o v ing fe as t (F e i sd n a h i mr ig Th e fe as t i s s impl e Fe isd na h—a i ri d h) o r s h e al ing fe as t e nou gh t h e c h i e f t h ing b e ing a c h e e s e w h i c h e v e ry h o us e w i f e i s care f ul t o pr ov i d e fo r t h e o ccas i on fr o m las t y e ar s pr o duc e Th e c h e e s e i s s h ar e d a m ong n e ig h b o urs a nd fr ie nds as t h e y wi s h t h e ms e lv e s a nd cat t l e luck a nd pr o sp e ri t y t he
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Ui s t a nd Be nb e c ul a t h e Ro m a n C at h ol ic fa it h pre d o m ina t e s ; h e r e i n t h e ir t o uc h ing d e d i cat o ry ol d h ym n t h e p e o pl e inv o k e w it h t h e a id o f t h e Tri nit y t h at o f t h e a nge l w it h t h e c o r ne r e d s h ie ld a nd flam ing sw o r d S a int M ic h a e l t he pa t ro n s a int o f t h e ir h o rs e s o f S aint C o lumba t h e h o ly t h e guard i a n o ve r t h e i r ca t t l e a nd o f t h e g o ld e n h air e d V i rgin S h e p h e rd e ss a nd M o t h e r o f t h e L amb w it h o u t sp ot or bl e mi s h I n N o r t h U is t Harri s a nd L e w i s t h e Pr o t e s t ant fait h e nt ir e ly pr e v a i ls a nd t h e p e o pl e c o nfi ne t h e i r i nv o ca t io n t o T he S h e ph e d th a t k e e p s I sra e l He s l umb e re th no t nor s l e e p e th I n Barra , S o u t h
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p e o pl e s ing t h e ir d e d ic at i o n t h e ir v oi c e s r e s ou nd fr o m t h e ir s h e al ing s h e r e l it e rally i n t h e w ild e rn e ss a nd as t h e mus i c fl o at s o n t h e a ir a nd e c h o e s am o ng t h e r o cks h ills a nd g l e n s a nd i s waf t e d o v e r fr e s h wa t e r lak e s a n d s e a l o c h s t h e e ffe c t i s v e ry s t r ik ing T he walls o f t h e s h e a l ing s i n w hi c h t h e p e o pl e l iv e are o f t urf t h e r oo f o f s t i cks c o v e r e d w it h d i v o t s T h e r e a re usually t wo s h e al ing s t oge t h e r t h e large r t h e dw e ll ing t h e smal l e r t h e dairy T h is s t yl e o f h ut (S git h iol) i s c a ll e d A i rid h A s t he
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L AND T ENU RE I N T HE HI G HL A ND S
38 8
L
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s h e al ing a nd Be th c he ap or B otha n c heap t urf b o t h y t o d is t ingu is h it fr o m t h e Both c loi c he or Botha n c loi c he s t o ne b ot hy T h is is e nt ire ly c o ns t ruct e d o f s t one t he r o o f t ap e r Th e ap e x o f t h e c on e ing t o a c o n e m o r e o r l e ss p o i nt e d r o o f i s pr o bably fi ni s h e d o ff w it h a fl ag t h r o u gh t h e c e nt r e o f w h i c h t h e r e i s a h o l e l ik e t h at t h r o u g h a n upp e r m ills t one t h e o p e ni ng fo r t h e e g r e ss o f sm o k e a nd t h e ingr e ss o f l igh t T h e re i s a l o w d o o rway w i t h a r e m o vabl e d oo r s e ld o m us e d mad e o f w i ck e r w ork wat t l e s h e at h e r o r b e nt I n t he wall s o f t h e h u t t wo t h r e e or f o ur f e e t fr o m t h e fl oo r a re r e c e ss e s for t he vario us u t e ns ils in u s e by t h e p e o pl e w h il e i n t h e b o s o m o f t h e t h i ck wall l o w d o w n n e ar t h e g r o u n d a re t h e d o rm it o rie s w h e r e in t h e p e o pl e sl e e p T he e nt ra nc e t o t h e s e d o rm it o rie s sl igh t ly rais e d ab o v e t h e fl oor i s a small h ol e bar e ly capabl e o f adm it t ing a p e rs o n t o cr e e p t h r o u gh T h is sl e e p i ng pl a c e i s c a ll e d Crup a fr o m Crup a d h t o cr o uc h I t was a sp e c ial f e at ur e i n t h e arc h it e c t ure o f t h e fo rm e r h o us e s o f S t K ilda t he h ous e s t h e ms e lv e s b e ing call e d T h e s e b e e h iv e h o us e s a re Crup a fr o m t h is c h ar a c t e ris t i c s t ill t h e s h e al ing s o f t h e L e w is p e o pl e I nv a r iably t wo or He re t h r e e s t r o ng h e a l t h y girls s h ar e t h e sam e s h e al ing t h e y r e main mak ing bu t t e r a n d c h e e s e t ill t h e c o rn i s r i p e fo r s h e a r ing w h e n t h e y a nd t h e i r cat t l e r e t ur n h o m e Th e p e o pl e e nj o y t hi s l if e at t h e h ill pas t ura ge and many o f t h e b e s t lyr i c s ong s in t h e ir language are in prai s e o f t h e l o v e d summ e r s h e aling A t e n an t i s l i abl e for h is o wn r e nt o nly F o r m e rly t he r e nt was pai d i n fo ur d iffe re nt w ays Th e firs t par t was pai d i n m o n e y t h e s e c o n d i n me a l t h e t h ird in bu t t e r a nd c h e e s e h n t i n r l n n d t e f o ur t h par t i ca t l e t f or s e ll o A n n a a n g ( ) k ill ing (Crod h c re i c Cr e i c he no S e i c he) I n U i s t w h e re k e lp (Ce i lp ) i s mad e t h e k e lp i s plac e d t o t h e cre d it for re nt o f t h e t e n ant s who mak e it T h e r e was als o a sys t e m T he p e o pl e g av e so ma ny days w o rk t he days o f lab o ur or
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b e i ng d ivi d e d i n c e r t ain pr o p or t ions b e t w e e n t h e f our s e as ons W h e n t h e l a nd wa s h e ld d ir e c t fr o m t h e p ro o f t h e y e ar o ccas i o n ally M o r la na c hd ri e t o r l b ur was c a ll e d t h a o e p Pro b a bly t h i s t e rm i s fr o m Ma r a f o r t re ss B orla na c hd T h is sys t e m o f l a b o ur m ay h av e a nd L a nn a n e n cl o sur e h ad it s o rig in i n r e t ur n fo r t h e s h e l t e r t h e e n cl o s e d fo r t re ss Wh e n o f t h e c h i e f a ffo rd e d t h e p e o pl e i n t im e o f dange r t h e lan d was h e ld u n d e r t h e t acksm a n o r m i ddl e ma n a n d i ndi r e c t ly fr o m t h e pr o pr ie t o r t h e lab o ur was c a ll e d Ca i r i st e fro m Ca i t hri s u nr e s t a w o rd suffic i e nt ly i n d icat iv e o f t h e m o d e o f i t s e x a c t io n h e rd a nd marc h k e e p e r (Coimh T h e s h e p h e rd ca t t l e — e a d a i d h Cr i oc ha i r e F e a r c oi m hi d ) a re pa i d i n k i n d i nva ri ably i n s e a w e e d land a n d g raz ing T h i s m o d e o f p aym e nt i s call e d F a i rt ha d h Th e t e r m i s als o appl i e d t o c o rn m e al o r p o t a t oe s give n t o m e n s e rv a nt s i n paym e nt o f wag e s a nd a ls o t o b i t s o f e xt ra t ill a ge g ra n t e d by t h e i r n e ig h b o urs t o h e lp p oo r t e n a nt s I n p a r t s o f L e w i s t h e t e rm i s appl ie d t o t h e g r o u n d s e t apar t fo r t h e p oo r Th e s h e p h e rd as h is na m e i m pl ie s t e n ds t h e s h e e p t h e cat t l e h e rd t h e ca t t l e a nd t h e marc h k e e p e r g ra ss k e e p e r or wa t c h e r wa t c h e s t h e Op e n marc h e s o f t h e t o w nla n d t o pr e ve nt t r e spass Hav ing no int e re s t i n t h e mat t e r t h e m a rc h k e e p e r i s o ft e n s e nt o u t fro m t h e p e o pl e t o c a ll o ut t h e l ot s T he w a t c h e r m a y a ls o b e r e qu ir e d t o a c t as p e rch m a n (P e u rsa i r o r sh ore h e rd Bua c ha i lle c la d a i c h) His du t y i s t o e re c t a p ol e o n t h e t o p o f w h i c h is a bu ndl e o f s e aw e e d (G a e l i c T op a n t od ha i r ) t o in d icat e t h a t t h e s e a war e i s o n t h e s h o re W h e n t h e p e o pl e se e t h e rais e d S ig n t h e y h as t e n t o t h e s h o r e w it h t h e ir h ors e s a n d cart s a nd cr e e ls t o la n d t h e sp o i ls o f t h e s e a t o p u t l i fe i n t h e l a n d (a n .
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L A ND T ENU RE I N T HE HIG HL AND S
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ro ad (U tra i d ) t h e d iggi ng o r d e e p e ning o f a d it c h or t r e nc h (D ig ) t he pla nt ing o r r e p a i r ing w i t h b e nt (Mu ra n) t h e dr if t ing sa nd b a nks o f t h e i r Ma c ha i r or t h e buy i ng o r s e ll ing o f a bull Th e m a n wh o pr e s id e s e xplains t he bus i I f t h e p e o pl e ass e nt t h e ma t t e r ne ss a nd mak e s a m o t io n is d e c i d e d ; i f no t d iscuss io n e nsu e s S o m e o f t h e p e o pl e sp e ak w e ll T he y re as o n fo rc ibly i llus t rat e t t ingl y a nd S h o w c o m pl e t e mas t e ry o v e r t h e i r n a t i v e G a e l i c w h i c h w i t h Ev e ry t h ing cal e u t h e m i s plas t i c c o p io us a nd e xpr e ss iv e lat e d t o mar ne igh b o url ine ss i s d isc o u nt e nan c e d Re as oning t h e y say s h a ll o b t a in h e ari ng a nd s oo ne r o r la t e r v i c t o ry ; b ut t he m o s t c o nt e mp t ibl e o f c o nt e mp t ibl e t h ings a re d ogg e d li ne s s a n d vul g ar abus e (Ghi obh c omhd a c h bua id h ag us lu a th t ri e t
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L AND T ENU RE I N
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fo ll o w t h e e xampl e or i ns t inc t s o f t h e l o w e r a nimals all o f w h i c h fo llo w t h e ir c h ie f T he l e ad e r o f t he h e rd o r fl o ck i s call e d Cea nna rd Cea nn i ui l b u t m o r e fr e qu e nt ly S na od a i re Th e l e ad e r o f t h e h o rs e s i s Ce a nnma rc Cea nnm ha rc Ma rc c he a nn ; o f t h e cat t l e Cea nna bha Ce a nna bhoi n B oi ne c he a nn ; Ce a nnc i ora Ci ora c he a nn ; o f t h e c ea nnni t h ; of the she e p a nn g a i bhre e a nna ha bha r C a bha r at s ea nna bhoc C e G o C g g Cu la c he a nn Sp ei le c hc a n n c hea nn ; o f t h e sw in e Ce a nn c u la o f t he d e e r Ce a nna g hre ig h C re c he a nn ; o f b i rds Ce a nn i a nla i nn I a la c he a n n I olc he a nn ; a nd o f t h e fis h Ce a nn Ce a nn sna ot h i s par t i cularly a ppl ie d t o t h e salm o n s na ot h as Ce a nn sna ot h a n e i sg t h e l e ad e r o f t h e fis h w h ic h is als o call e d Big h na n i a sg t h e k ing o f t h e fis h Th e e agl e i s call e d B igh na n i a n t he k ing o f t he b irds a nd Rig h na T he e a gl e i s als o t e rm e d h ea lt a i n k i ng o f t h e b ird u ni v e rs e F i r e in Fi r e i n t ru e b i rd a n t i a n t h e b i rd par e xc e ll e n c e i s a symb o l ic nam e a ppl ie d t o a C h ris t ia n T h e l e ad e r o f t h e h e rd i s t h e firs t t o ris e a nd t h e las t t o lie d o w n a nd e v e n w h e n asl e e p w o uld s e e m t o b e awak e A m o ng cat t l e t h i s A mal e i s n o t n e c e ss a ri ly t h e l e ad e r p o s it io n is o ft e n a ssum e d by a c o w ,
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XT EENT H C ENT U RY
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p e ra t io ns s i mul t a ne o usly a nd no t w i t h o u t frie n dly a n d w h o l e s o m e r iv a lry t h e e nt e rpris e o f o ne s t imul a t i ng t h e z e al o f a no t h e r N o t t h e l e a s t pl e a s i ng fe a t ur e i n t h i s s e m i fam ily sys t e m i s t h e a ss is t a nc e r e nd e r e d by h is n e ig h b o urs t o a t e nant w h o s e w o rk h a s fall e n b e h in d t h r o ug h a cc id e nt s i ck ne ss d e at h o r ot h e r u n av oid a bl e caus e W h e n d e at h o ccurs i n a fa mily all t h e o t h e r fa m ili e s o f t h e t o w n lan d c e a s e w o rk ing t ill t h e d e ad is bur ie d — g u n c ui rea r ni r f o u i r— t ill e ar t h i s pl a c e d u nd e r e a r t h Co mpass io n fo r t h e p o o r c o n s i d e ra t io n t o wards t h e d is t r e ss e d a n d r e sp e c t fo r t h e d e ad a re c h a r a c t e ri s t i c t ra it s o f t h e s e p e o pl e T h is i s inculc a t e d in t h e ir say i ng s carry
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pa r t o f t h e BOOK OF CLA N RA NA LD c o n t a ining t h e L e g e nd a ry H is t o ry o f t h e L o rd s o f t h e I sl e s h e M a c vu ri c h s h e r e d it a ry S e nna c h ie s o f t h e v by as i n t e g C la n
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C o lla U a is ha d fo ur g o o d s o ns, na me ly, Eo c huid h a nd Fiac hra T o r t , a nd Fe a ra d ha c h a nd M a ine Al l t he Gl a un D omhnuill .
r a c e o f Eo c huid h Th e T urt ruig he a nd Fir Lu irg a re o f t he ra c e o f Fia c hra id h T o r t T h e Fir Li a nd Fir L a c h a a re o f t he ra c e o f Fe a ra d ha c h T he r a c e o f M a in is no t k no wn t o us A g o o dly r a c e d e s c e nd e d fr o m C o lla D a c h rio c h fl ourish e d i n E rinn nam e ly M a guire c hie f o v e r t he c o u nt ry o f Fe rma na gh M ac M a h o n c h ie f o ve r t h e c ount ry o f M ona gh a n ; O Ha nlo n a nd O Ke lly a nd m a ny o t he rs I h a ve s e e n n o t h ing writ t e n o f t he ra c e o f C o ll a M e a un e x c e p t su c h h o ly me n o f t h e m a s w e nt int o t h e C hu rc h Ma ny o f t h e h o ly p e o pl e o f A lb a n a n d E ri nn we r e d e s c e nd e d fr o m t h e t h r e e C o ll a s H e re is t h e d ire c t line o f d e sc e nt fr om C olla U a is Eo c haid h was b e go t t e n o f C o lla U a is C a rra n was b e g o t t e n o f Eo c h a id h Earc wa s b e go t t e n o f C a rra n ; Ma ine wa s b e g o t t e n o f Earc Fe a rg hus wa s b e g o t t e n o f Ma ine ; G o t hfruigh was b e g o t t e n o f h T Fe argh us Nia llghus wa s b e g o t t e n o f G o t hfruigh [ e g e ne a logy o f Ma c d omhnuill o f Gla u n c h e a ll a igh : Fla nnag a n so n o f in A lb a n
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so n o f
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D o mhna ill son o
s on
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f T ua t h a l ,
of
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be go t t e n
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so n o f s on
of
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so n o f
D o mhnal l, fro m so n
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of
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s on
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of
so n o f
C e a lla c h, T u a t ha l,
D o m Airg id , s o n o f o f Nia llg hus Me arghac h
so n
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s on o f
Ola nu C e a lla id h ,
of
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Fe a rmara ,
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S o lo mh was
of
b e go t t e n
of
M e a rghac h
I t i s fro m t his G io lla Oga mhna n wa s b e g o t t e n o f S olo mh G i olla Ogha mhna n d e sc e nde d t he Ola nu D o mh na ill o f Ro s .
La o gh, fr o m na n ;
a nd
S grine , in
a
bro t h e r
of
G i o lla Ogha mh t ha t e re c t e d Ma inis t ir na
G iolla Bri d e ,
so n
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i t wa s G iolla Ogha mhna n Tir I a ra c h , in t h e c ou nt y o f S lig o , in t he
-
pr o v inc e
of
A PPEND I
C o nna c h t ,
a nd
his
na me
i s t h e re
X
1
39
.
(A nd
b e i t k no w n t o y o u Cla nn o f t his t rib e , fr o m
.
b o rne by t he Ra gna ll s o n o f S o ma irli up t o C o lla U a is wa s O C o lla a nd T oise c h o f Earga o idhe a l ) G io lla Brid e so n o f G ill e Og ha mh na n s o n o f a nd fro m him t h e T o is e c h s o f Eara rg a o id h e a l (A rgyll ) h aving b e e n a mo ng his k indre d in E rinn t ha t is fr o m t h e C la nn C o ll a , w hic h a re t he M a nc hu id h a nd M a t hd a mna id h viz t he trib e s o f M a c guire a nd M a c maho n it happ e ne d t ha t t h is t rib e h e ld a me e t ing a nd c o nfe re nc e i n Fe rma nagh o n t he e st at e o f M a c guire a nd a mong t he ma t t e r s t o b e t ra nsa c t e d wa s t h a t Giolla b rid e s h o uld g e t so me e st a t e o f h is o wn c o u nt ry s inc e h e h a d b e e n in b a nishm e nt fr om his inh e rit a nc e by t h e p o we r o f t h e Lo c hla nnac h a nd Fio nng a lla c h (No r we g ia ns ) Wh e n G io lla brid e sa w a la rge ho st o f yo ung r o bust p e o ple in t he a sse mbly a nd t h a t t h e y w e r e fa v o ura bl e t o h im se l f t h e fa v o ur h e ask e d o f his frie n d s was t h a t s o ma ny p e r so ns a s t h e a dj a c e nt fo r t i n t he pl a c e c o uld ho ld sh oul d b e a llo we d t o g o t o A lb a n wit h him i n t he h o p e t h a t h e might o b t a in p o s s e ssi o n o f his o wn inh e rit a nc e a nd p o r t io n o f i t Gio lla Brid e p ro c e e d e d wit h t ha t p a r t y t o A lb a n wh e r e t h e y la nd e d T he y ma d e fr e qu e nt o nse t s a nd a t t a c k s o n t h e ir e ne mie s du ring t h is t ime o f t ro ubl e for t h e ir e ne mie s we r e p o we r ful a nd nume r o u s a t t h a t t im e A ll t h e isl a n d s fro m M a na nn (Ma nn) t o A re a (Ork ne ys ) a nd a ll t he C irir (b o rd e r l a nd ) fro m D un Bre a t a n n t rt h w e r e i n t h e D u m b a r t o o a t a a i t h i n h e n o t C C n e ss ( ) ( ) pos se s s i o n o f t he Lo c h la nnac h ; a nd su c h o f t h e G ae dha l o f t h o se l a nd s a s r e ma ine d we re pr o t e c t ing t h e ms e lv e s in t he w o o d s a nd mount a ins a nd a t t h e e nd o f t h a t t i me G iolla Brid e h a d a g o o d so n wh o ha d c o m e t o ma t u ri t y a nd r e no w n I t h a pp e ne d t h a t t h e sma ll p a r t y wh o w e re fo llo we r s o f Gio ll a Bri d e a n d S o ma irli (S o me rle d ) we r e in t h e m o u nt ai ns a nd w o o d s o f A rd o b b ar g (A rdg our ) a nd of t he Mo rb ha irne (M o rve rn) a nd t h e y we r e s urprise d t h e re by a l a rg e fo rc e o f L o c hla nna c h a nd Fio nnghallac h Al l t h e sold ie rs a nd plu nd e r ing p a rt ie s wh ic h S ome rl e d h a d g a t h e re d r ou nd him a nd h e a rra n e d t h e m fro nt a nd r e a r t e m in b a t t l e rl d h u t o m e e S g p o rd e r a nd ma d e a He re a t d is pl ay o f t h e m t o hi s e ne mie s g ma rc h e d t h e m t h re e t ime s b e fo r e t h e m in o ne c o mp any s o t h a t t h e y supp o s e d t h e r e we r e t hr e e c o mp a nie s t h e r e A ft e r t hat h e t h at t he
c o nst a nt
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A PP END
IX
1
.
ke d t he m a nd t h e y we r e d e fe a t e d by S o m e rle d a nd his p a r t y a nd h e d id no t h a l t i n t h e pu rsuit t ill he dro v e t he m no r t h wa rd a c r o s s t h e riv e r S h e il a nd a p a r t e sc a p e d wit h t h e ir king t o t h e I sl e s ; a nd h e d id no t c e a se fro m t ha t wo rk t ill he c l e a r e d t h e we s t e rn s id e o f A lb a n o f t h e L o c hla nna c h e x c e p t t h e I sl a nd s o f t h e Fi o nnlo c h la nn (N o r we g ia ns ) c all e d I nns ig a ll ; a nd h e g a ine d v i c t o ry o v e r h is e ne mie s i n e v e ry fi e ld o f b a t t l e He sp e nt p a rt o f his t im e i n wa r a nd p a r t i n p e a c e u nt il h e ma rc h e d w it h a n a rmy t o t h e vi c init y o f Gla sc hu (Glasg o w) wh e n h e wa s sla in by his p a ge wh o t o o k h is h e a d t o t he k i ng His o wn p e o pl e a sse rt t ha t in t h e y e a r o f o ur L o rd 1 1 8 0 (l it wa s n o t t o m a k e wa r a g a i nst t h e k ing t h a t h e we nt o n t h a t e x p e d it io n b ut t o o b t a in p e a c e fo r h e d i d mo r e in subdu ing t h e king s e ne mie s t h a n a ny war h e w ag e d a g a inst him S o m e rl e d h a d a g o o d fa m ily vi z D ub hgh a l a nd Ra ghnall a nd t he G a ll m a c S gillin t his ma n b e i ng s o n a me d fr o m wh o m a re d e sc e nd e d t he Gla un G all in t h e G le ns Be t ho g d augh t e r o f I t i s s he S o me rl e d was a re l ig i o u s wo m a n a nd a Bla c k Nun t h a t e r e c t e d T e a mp a ll C ha irinis o r t h e C hu rc h o f C a irinis i n D ubhg a l s o n o f S o me rl e d t oo k t h e c h i e fship U ib hist (U ist ) Ra ghna ll o f Ea rg a o i d h e a l a nd L a d ha rna (A rgyll a nd L o rn) wh e re his p o s a nd h is r ac e we nt t o I nnsiga ll a nd C e a nnt ire t e rit y s u c c e e d e d him Ra g na ll k ing o f I Iinsiga ll a nd Oirirg a o id he al (t h e I sl e s a nd A rgyll ) wa s t h e m o s t d ist ingui s h e d o f t h e G a ll o r G a o id he a l T h re e fo r pr o sp e rit y s wa y o f g e ne r o sit y a nd fe a t s o f a r m s a m o na st e ry o f Bl a c k mo nas t e rie s w e re e re c t e d by h im viz M o nk s (Be ne d ic t ine s ) i n I (I o na ) in h o n our o f G o d a nd C o l um a nd a a mo na s t e ry o f Bl a c k Nu ns i n t h e s a me pl a c e c ill e ; mo nast e ry o f G re y Fria r s a t S a gha d ul (S a ddl e i n K int yr e ) a nd it is h e a l so wh o fo u n d e d t h e m o na s t ic o rd e r o f M o la ise Be i t k no wn t o y o u t h a t Ra gnall wit h h is fo rc e wa s t he r a g a ins t t h e K ing e a t e st p o w e r w h i c h K ing A l e x a nd e r h a d g o f L o c hl a nn a t t h e t im e h e t o o k t h e I sl a n d s fro m t h e L o c h lannac h a nd a ft e r h a ving r e c e iv e d a c r o ss fro m J e rusal e m p a r t a k e n o f t h e Bo dy o f C hris t a nd r e c e iv e d u n c t io n h e d ie d a nd wa s buri e d a t Re ilic Ogh ra n in I (I o na ) i n t h e y e a r o f o ur Lo rd A nd i t wa s so me t im e a ft e r t h is t h a t Ra gna ll s o n o f 1 20 7 G o fra idh k ing o f t h e Fio nng a ll (N o rwe gia ns) was t re a c h e ro u sly at ta c
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N IX
A PPE D
I
40
.
k ill e d by A m hla mh , s o n o f G o fra i d h, in t h e y e a r F ro m t h is fo r t h t h e rig ht ful inh e rit a nc e 1 229
of of
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t o Ra g n a ll ,
c am e
A m hla mh D e a rg,
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A mh la mh D ubh
M e ssa g e s na
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viz
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d a u g ht e r
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m e fr o m T e a mha ir
Ra g na ll ,
t h e g re a t e r
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Willia m o f t h e p rovin c e o f S id h igh (S h e e hy ) o f M unst e r wh o
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p r un g A la sda i r
fro m S i o t h a c h
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of
D u b h g a l,
t h e Ba lio ls
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,
d e o f t h e Ba lio ls a n d t h e ra c e o f Ra g nal so n o f S o me r le d t h e S i d e o f Ro b e rt Bruc e a nd a ll t h e g arriso ns fro m I nb h e a r F e o t h fa r (D i ng wa ll) i n t he Ro ss t o t h e M ull o f K intyr e w e re i n t h e p o ss e ss io n o f M a c D ub hg a l du ring t h a t t im e wh il e t h e t rib e o f Ra g na ll we re u n d e r t h e y o ke o f t h e ir e n e mie s A o ngh u s M o r ha d g o o d c hil d re n viz A o n gh us Og t h e h e ir a nd E o in fro m wh o m s p ra n g t h e Gl a u n E o in o f A rd na mu rc ha n a nd A l a s d a ir fro m wh o m d e sc e nd e d t h e C la n n A l a s d a i r ; a nd A o ngh us na C o nluig h e fro m wh o m a re sp ru ng t h e Cla nn D o n c h a i d h a nd Ro b e rt so ns ; a n d m u c h m a y b e writ t e n a b o u t t h i s A o ng h us M o r wh ic h i s no t h e re He d ie d in Ile (I s l a ) i n t h e y e a r o f o ur L o r d 1 2 3 4 t o ok t he
Si
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S h e wa s t h e m o t h e r
’
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is wit h h e r t we nt y
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me t he
l
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V OL
.
wh o
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1 11
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a re
unu sua l
re
no
t he of
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A o ng hus h a d
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fo ur
-
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of
t h e r s o n viz Ol a nu E o i n o f
a no
d e s c e nd e d t h e c a ll e d t h e Cl a nn
r e no wn e
s on o f
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D o m h n a ll,
of
a nd
d a ught e r
E o in
t inu e
son
bl e
fa m ilie s fro m wh o m
Fhr a o i c h , fro m w h o m
(Gl e nc o e )
A o nghu s M o r,
S o m e rl e d , t h e
of
son
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an
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a nd
fo u r
a nd
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a nd
t we nt y
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an
G le n c o m h a n Fh ra o ic h 2 C
(o f
N D IX
40 2
A PPE
h e a t h e r)
I
.
T h is A o ng hus Og d ie d in I le (Isl a ) a nd his b o dy wa s int e rre d i n I (I o na ) i n t he y e ar o f o ur Lo rd 1 30 6 E o in so n o f A o ngh us Og s uc c e e d e d h is fa t h e r in t h e c h ie f H e h ad v r n m e nt o f I nn sig a l l h o o d c hild re n e i re e o z v t g g s o ns by A nna d a u gh t e r o f Rua d h ri s o n o f A il in h i h c h ie f (i f g La ga rna (Lo rn) a nd o n e d a u gh t e r M a iri a nd t h a t M a iri wa s t h e w e dd e d wife o f Ea e h d ui nn M a c G io lla E o in (H e c t or M a c Le a n) Lo rd o f D ubhard (D u a rt ) a nd Lo c hla n wa s hi s b ro t h e r a nd S h e wa s int e rre d wit h t h e L o rd o f C oll in I (I o na ) i n t he c hu rc h o f t h e Bla c k N u ns T h e e ld e s t so ns o f E o in we re Ra gna ll G o t h fruig h a nd A o n r h e d id no t m a rry t h e m o t h e r o f t h e se m e n fro m v e w e u h o h s ; g t h e a l t a r b ut c a me t o t h e re s o l u t io n o f m a rry i ng h e r a t t h e t im e b ut hi s a dv ise rs o f h e r d e a t h fo r s h e wa s a s uf c i e nt wife fo r him o pp o s e d h i m re g a r d ing i t fo r i t a pp e a re d t o t h e m t h a t h e c o uld e t a su i t a bl e ma t c h if a n h e i r wa s m a d e fro m h is fi rs t p ro g e ny g i o ro u s v T h e re fo re h e m a d e a a l t h o u h h e w a s y o u ng a n d g g pro v isio n fo r his so n Rag nall a nd t h a t wa s a ll t h e l a nd wh ic h e x t e n d e d fr o m C illc h u im in i n Ob u i rt h a i rb h (A b e rt arff) t o t h e r iv e r S h e il a nd fro m t he rive r S h e il t o t h e Be lle it h in t h e no r t h Eig a nd Rum a nd t h e t wo U ib hist s (No rt h a nd S o u t h U ist ) A n d a ft e r t h a t h e pr o c e e d e d t o t h e m o u t h o f t he r iv e r o f G l ase n a nd h a d t h re e s c o re l o ng s h ip s wi t h him a n d h e ma rri e d M a r w o m we c a ll K i n h t h e d a u gh t e r o f Ro b e rt S t u a rt a re t g of g A lb a n b ut t h e re a l p e rs o n wa s Ro b e rt E a rl o f Fi fe t h a t i s t he b ro t h e r ge rma n o f o ld Ro b e rt Fe a ring io ra t ha t is t he king a nd A nd sh e b o re t o E o in t h re e g o o d h e was g o v e rn o r of A lb a n D o mh na ll o f Ile t h e h e ir a n d E o in M o r t h e T a nist a nd s o ns viz E o in ha d a no t he r so n vi z M a r A l a s d a ir C a rra c h t h e t h ird so n c o s fro m wh o m d e sc e n d e d t h e Gl a u n D o mh na ll o f C n o i c a n c hluit h in T ir E o gh a in (T ir o n e in I re l a nd ) T h i s E o in e nj oy e d a l o ng l ife I t i s h e t h a t m a d e d o na t io ns t o I c o lum c ille in h is o wn t ime a nd i t i s h e a l s o t h a t c o v e re d t h e c h a p e l o f E la n Eo rsa g a nd t he c h a p e l o f E l a n Fin la g a n a nd t h e c h a p e l o f E l a n S uibh ne (isl a nd in L o c h S we e n) w it h a ll t h e ir a ppr o pria t e ins t ru me nt s fo r o rd e r a nd m a ss a n d t h e s e rv i c e o f G o d for t h e b e t t e r uph o lding o f t he m o nk s a n d pr ie st s t hi s l o rd k e p t in his c o m p a ny a nd i t i s he t ha t e re c t e d t h e m o na st e ry o f t h e H o ly C ro s s a l o ng t ime b e fo re h is d e a t h ; a nd h e d ie d i n his o wn c a s t l e o f A rd t orini s wh il e t he
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fi
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-
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A PPEND
m o nk s
prie s t s
4
.
ve d t h e b o dy o f Christ a nd ha ving b e e n a no in t e d h is fa ir b o dy wa s b rough t t o I c o l um c ille a nd t h e a bb o t a nd t h e m o nks a nd vic ars c a m e t o m e e t h im a s i t wa s t h e c u s t o m t o m e e t t h e b o dy o f t h e king o f Fi o nngh a ll a nd his s e rvic e a n d wa king we re h o no u ra bly p e rfo r me d during e ig h t d ays a nd e ig ht nig h t s a n d h e wa s l a id in t h e sa m e g ra ve wi t h hi s fa t h e r i n T e a m p a l Ogh ra i n in t h e y e ar o f o u r L o rd 1 3 8 0 Ra gna ll t h e so n o f E o in wa s H igh S t e wa rd o v e r I nn siga ll a t t h e t im e o f his fa t h e r s d e a t h b e ing i n a d va n c e d a g e a nd rul in On t h e d e a t h o f h i s fa t h e r h e c all e d a m e e t g o ve r t h e m i ng o f t h e n o bl e s o f I nn s ig a ll a nd o f h i s b re t hre n a t o ne pl a c e a n d h e g a v e t h e s c e p t re t o h i s b r o t h e r a t C ill D o n a n i n Eg g a nd h e w a s no m ina t e d M a c D o na l d a nd D o m h na ll o f I le (I sl a ) A man o f c o nt rary t o t h e o p i ni on o f t h e m e n o f I nns i g a ll a u g m e nt i ng c h u rc h e s a n d m o n a s t e ri e s wa s t h i s Ra g na ll s o n o f a nd
we re
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ve r
IX I
his
b o dy
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h e h a v ing
re c e i
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fi .
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ll
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A o ngh us Og , fro m wh o m t h e b e e n a pplie d t o his ra c e He
Cla n n Ra g h b e st o we d a T irung a
na m e o f
so n o f
ha s
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(un c ia t a ) o f l a n d in U ib his d (U ist ) o n t h e m o na st e ry o f I (I o na ) fo r e v e r in h o nour o f G o d a n d o f C o l um c il le He wa s g o v e rnor o f t h e wh o l e o f t h e N o rt h e rn Oirir (C o a s t l a n d ) a n d o f t h e I sl e s u nt il h e d ie d in t h e y e a r o f t he a g e o f Chris t 1 3 8 6 in h is o wn m an o r o f Ca isl e n T iri m h a vi ng l e ft a fa mily o f ve so n s We sh a ll no w t re a t o f D om h na ll a h il e (D o na ld o f I sl a ) so n o f E o in s o n o f A o n gh u s C ig t h e b ro t h e r o f Ra gn a ll h o w h e t o o k t h e l o r d ship wit h t h e c o nse nt o f h i s b re t h re n a nd t h e no bl e s o f I nn s ig a ll a ll o t h e r p e rs o ns b e i ng o b e d ie n t t o him a n d h e marrie d M a iri d au g h t e r o f t h e E a rl o f Ro s a nd i t i s t hro ugh h e r t h a t t h e e a rld o m o f Ro s c a me t o t h e Cla n D o mh He wa s s t yl e d Ea rl o f Ro s a n d M a c D o mh nall a nd H igh na ll T h e re a re ma ny e x pl o i t s a nd d e e d s writ t e n Ch ie f o f I nnsiga ll He fou gh t t h e b a t t l e o f G a i rfe c h (G ar o f hi m i n o t h e r pl ac e s rio c h o r Ha rla w) a g a ins t D uk e M urd o c h i n d e fe nc e o f his o wn ri h t a n d o f t h e e a rld o m o f ROS a n d o n t h e r e tu rn o f K ing g Ja m e s t h e Firs t fro m t h e c a pt ivit y o f t h e K ing o f S a g sa u E ngl a n d) D o mh nall o f I le o b t a i n e d t h e k ing s g o o d will a n d ( c o nfi rm a t i o n o f Ro s a nd t h e re s t o f hi s i nh e ri t a n c e a nd D uk e Mu rd o c h a nd hi s t wo son s w e re b e h e a d e d He (D o mh nuill) wa s a n e n t e rt a ine r o f c l e ric s a nd prie st s a nd .
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N IX
40 4
A PP E D
1
.
l a nd s i n M ull a nd i n Isl a t o t h e m o na s t e ry o f I a nd e v e ry imm u nit y whic h t he mo na s t e ry o f I ha d fro m h is a nc e s t o r s b e fo re h im ; a nd h e m a d e a c o v e rin s il v e r fo r t h e re l ic d o f g o ld a nd f f e n o t h h a o g C o l ui mc ille a nd h e h im se l f t o o k t h e b ro t h e rh o o d o f t h e o rd e r h a vi ng l e ft a l a w ful a n d su it a bl e h e ir i n t h e g o v e rnm e nt o f I nns ig a ll a nd o f Ro s viz A l a s d a ir s o n o f D o mh na ill He a ft e r wa rd s d ie d i n I sl a a nd h is full n o bl e b o dy wa s int e rre d o n t h e s o u t h s i d e o f T e m a ll O hra n p g A l a sd a ir his so n s u c c e e d e d h is fa t h e r in t h e e a rld o m o f Ro s a nd l o rd ship o f I nns ig a ll He ma rrie d M a rg a re t Li v ing st o n d aug h t e r o f t h e E a rl o f Li t h c u ; s h e wa s m o t h e r o f E o i n wh o wa s c a ll e d Eo in o f I le o r I sl a so n o f A l a sd a ir o f Ile so n o f D o mh na ll o f I le A o ng hu s Og s o n o f E o i n wh o wa s c a ll e d t h e h e ir o f E o in m a rrie d t he d a ug h t e r o f M a c C a il in (E arl o f A rgyll ) a nd a d isagre e me nt a ro se b e t we e n h im a nd h i s fa t h e r a b out t h e d ivi s io n o f h i s t e rri t o ry a nd l a nd i n c o n se u e n c e o f w h i c h a wa r q b ro k e o ut b e t we e n t h e c h ie fs o f I nn siga ll a nd t he t rib e o f M a c D o mh na ill t h e t rib e h av ing j oine d A o nghu s a nd t h e c hie fs A nd t h e a ffa i r ha v i ng b e e n t hu s c arrie d h a v in g j o ine d E o in o n Eo in we n t t o M a c C a ili n a n d g av e h i m a ll t h a t la y b e t we e n A b hu inn Fh a d a (t h e r iv e r A d d ) a nd A l t na S io nn a c h a t Bra igh C hi n nt ire (t h a t i s t h e l a nd s o f K na pd a l e ) for g o ing wit h him b e fo re t h e king t o c o m pla in o f his s o n S ho rt ly a ft e rwa rd s t h is A o ngh u s Og h a d a l a rg e e nt e rt a inm e n t wit h t h e m e n o f t h e no r t h s i d e at I nbh e a rni s wh e n h e wa s mu r d e r e d by M a c l C a i rb re h is o wn h a rp e r wh o c ut h is t h ro a t wit h a l o ng k nife His fa t h e r l i v e d a y e a r a ft e r h im a n d a ll t h e t e rrit o rie s su b mit t e d t o him b u t h o we v e r h e r e s t o re d m a ny o f t h e m t o t h e k ing Th e d au g ht e r o f M a c C a ilin t he wi fe o f A o nghus wa s pr e g na nt a t t h e t im e h e w a s k ill e d ; a nd s h e wa s k e p t i n c u s t o dy unt il sh e wa s c o nfi ne d a n d sh e b o re a so n a n d D o mh na ll wa s i ve n a s a n a m e t o h im a nd h e wa s k e p t in c u st o dy u nt il h e g wh e n t h e m e n o f G l e a nn a rriv e d a t t h e a g e o f t hirt y y e a r s On C o mh a n (G l e nc o e ) br o u g h t h i m o ut by a Fe ni a n e x pl o it his c o ming o ut o f c u s t o dy h e c a m e t o I nnsig a ll a nd t h e no bl e s o f I nns iga ll r all i e d r o u nd h i m D uri ng t h e t im e t h a t D o mh na ll D ubh ha d b e e n i n c u st o dy t h e re wa s a g re a t s t rug gl e a m o ng t h e G ao i d he a l fo r p o w e r s o m o nk s in his
a nd
he g av e
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A PPEND
IX I
.
h a t M a c C e aa in o f A rd na murc h a n a l mo s t d e st roy e d t h e ra c e o f E oi n M o r s o n o f E o in o f I le a nd o f C e a nnt ire E o in C a t h a na e h s o n o f E o in so n o f D o m na ll Ba ll o c h so n o f E o i n M o r s o n o f E o in s o n o f A o ng u s Og L o rd o f t h e ra c e o f E o in M o r a n d E o in M o r s o n o f E o in C a t h a na e h a nd E o in Og so n o f E o i n Ca t h a na e h a n d D o mh n a ll Ba ll o c h s o n o f E o i n C a t h a n a e h we re t re a c h e r o u sly t
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t a ke n p riso n e rs by M a c C e a in o n t h e i sl a n d o f Fi o nnla g a n in I le a nd h e c o n v e y e d t h e m t o D u n e i d in a n d a g a ll o w s wa s e re c t e d fo r t h e m a t t h a t pl a c e wh ic h i s c a ll e d Bara m u ir (Bo ro ughmuir) a n d t h e y we r e e x e c u t e d a n d t he i r b o d i e s b u rie d i n t h e c hu r c h o f S a in t F ra n c is wh i c h i s c a ll e d T e a m p a l N u a (N e w c h u rc h ) a t T h e re we re n o ne l e ft o f t h e c hild re n Of E o in Ca t h a na c h t h i s t im e b ut A l a s d a ir so n o f E o in C a t h a n a e h a nd A o ng us I le a c h w h o A n d i t is re l a t e d o f w e r e hid i ng i n t h e G l e ns in E rinn M a c C e a a in t h a t h e e x p e nd e d m u c h we a lt h o f g o ld a n d s ilv e r in m a king a x e s fo r t h e purp o se o f c u t t i ng d o wn t h e w o o d s o f t h e G l e n s in t h e h o p e h e m ig h t b e a bl e t o b a ni sh A l a s d a ir s o n o f E o in C a t h a n a e h o ut o f t h e G l e ns a n d o ut o f t h e w o rld I t h a pp e n e d a t l e ng t h t h a t M a c C e a a in a n d A las d a ir m a d e a n a g re e A l a s d a ir m ar m e nt a nd a m a rria g e c o nt ra c t wi t h e a c h o t h e r ri e d his d au gh t e r a n d s h e b o re a g o o d fa m ily t o him I n a s imila r m a n ne r a m is fo rt u ne c a m e o v e r t he C la nn D o mh n a ll o f t h e n o rt h S i d e fo r a ft e r t h e d e a t h o f E o i n o f I l e E a rl o f Ro s a n d t h e kill ing o f A o ng u s A l a s da ir s o n o f Gio lla e a sp uig s o n o f A l a s d a ir o f I le t o o k p o sse s s io n Of t h e e a rld o m o f Ro s a n d o f t he n o r t h e rn C irir e n t ire l y a n d m a rr i e d t h e d a u gh t e r o f M o rb h a ir M o ire a gh (Ea rl o f M o ra y ) H o we v e r so m e o f t h e m e n o f t h e n o rt h e rn s id e c a m e wh e n t h e Cl a nn C h o innid h (M a c k e nz i e s) a nd o t h e rs ro s e up i n o p p o s i t i o n t o A l a sd a ir a nd fought t h e b a t tl e o f Blar whi c h t h e y c a ll Bla r n a Pa irc e A l a s d a ir ha d n o m e n l e ft b ut su c h a s h e h a d o f t h e m e n o f A l a s d a ir c a m e t o t h e c o a s t a ft e r t h a t t o s e e k fo r a fo rc e Ro s i n I nnsig a ll a nd h e e mb a rk e d i n a l o ng sh ip t o t h e s o ut h e r n C irir t o s e e if h e c o uld nd a fe w r e ma ining o f t h e ra c e o f E o in M or M a c C e a a in o b se rve d him a n d fo ll o we d him o n hi s t ra c k t o Ora n s a y o f C o l o n sa y a nd e n t e r e d t h e h o u s e up o n him wh e re A l a sd a ir s o n o f G ille a s p uig wa s k ill e d by M a c C e aa in a n d by A l a s d a ir s o n o f E o i n C a t h a n a c h T his m a t t e r re ma ine d s o fo r a sp a c e o f t ime u nt il D o mhnall ,
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-
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A PPEND I X
G a lld a
,
son o f
A l a sd a ir,
so n o f
fro m t h e G a llt ac h d
c ame
I
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G i lle asp uig
ca
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me
of age
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;
l a nd s) by t h e d ir e c t io n o f M o r
(
t h e Lo w
bh a r M o ire a gh (t he E a rl o f M ora y) unt il h e c a m e t o I nnsig a ll a nd h e bro ugh t M a c l e o d o f L e o gh a s wi t h h im a nd a g o o d nu mb e r T h e y w e nt o ut o n Rud ha A rd na o f t h e n obl e s o f I nns ig a ll murc h a n (t h e P o int o f A rd na murc ha n) a nd t h e re t h e y m e t Al a sd a ir so n o f E o in C a t ha na e h a nd h e a nd D o mhna ll s o n o f A l a s d a ir ma d e a c o mp a c t a nd a g re e me nt wit h e a c h o t h e r a nd t h e y t o g e t h e r a t t a c k e d M a c C e a a i n a t a pl a c e c a ll e d C re a g an A irg id a nd h e a nd h i s t h re e s o ns a nd m a ny o f h i s p e o pl e we r e sl a in t h e re D o m hna ll G a lld a wa s n o mina t e d M ac D o mh nall o f t his s id e o f Rug a A rd na mu rc h a n (t h e P o int o f A rd na m urc h a n) a nd t h e me n o f I nns ig a ll sub mit t e d t o him ; b ut h e d id no t l iv e a ft e r He d i e d a t C e a rnab o rg in M ull t h a t b ut se v e n o r e igh t w e e k s le aving no fa mily o r h e ir ; b ut t hre e sis t e rs h e h a d viz t h e A s e t t l e m e nt t h re e d a ugh t e r s o f A l a s d a ir s o n o f G ille asp uig wa s ma d e o n t h o s e d a u gh t e rs i n t h e n ort h e rn Oirir b ut t h e y A l a s d a ir s o n o f G ille a sp uig ha d a na t ur a l s o n o f ga v e up Ros wh o se d e s c e nd a nt s t h e re is som e a c c o u nt viz E o in C a m so n o f Al a s d a ir fro m w h o m a re spr ung t h e me n o f A c h uid h n a C o t h ,
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aic h e a n s on o f
i n t h e Bra ig he ,
A l a s d a ir D
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D o m hn all G o rm,
a nd
E o in
son o f
Ca m
so n
of
Raghna ll
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Wit h r e g a rd t o D o m h n a ll D ub h s o n o f A e ngu s son o f E o in o f I le s o n o f A l a s d a ir o f I le so n o f D o mh n a ll o f I l e s o n o f E o in t h e l ine a l l a w ful h e ir o f I nnsig a ll o f I le so n o f A o ng us Og vi z a nd o f Ro s o n h is re l e a s e fro m c o nfi ne me n t h e c a m e t o I nnsr t h n d e m e n o f I nn sig a ll g a t h e re d a b ou t him ; ll a a a nd h e g a nd t h e E a rl o f L e a m na c h d (L e nn o x ) m a d e a n a g re e m e nt t o ra i s e a l a rg e a rmy fo r t h e pu rp o s e o f his g e t t ing i nt o p o ss e s si o n m a n d a sh i c a e t o t h e m fro m E n l a nd t o o f hi s o wn p ro p e rt y p g C a o l M uile (S o u nd o f M ull) wi t h m o ne y t o h e lp t h e m in t h e wa r T h e m o n e y wa s gi v e n t o M a e G ille o in o f D ub ha rd (M a c Le a n t h e y d i d no t o f D u a rt ) t o d i vi d e a m o n g t h e l e a d e rs o f t h e a rmy e t a s m u c h a s t h e y d e s ire d a n d t h e re fo re t h e a rmy b ro k e up g Wh e n t he E a rl o f Le a mh na c h d h e a rd t h a t h e d isp e rse d h is o wn army a nd m a d e a n a re e m e n t wi t h t h e k in M ac d o mhna ill g g t h e n p ro c e e d e d t o E ri nn t o re qu e st a fo rc e t o c a rry o n t h e war i h a nd o n his wa h D n e d ie d a t D ro i c h e a d t i l l i a ubl o B a A t h a t e C ) y ( ,
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fi IX
A PPEN D
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y e a r t h a t G io lla e sp uig s o n o f Al a sd a ir o f Ile d ie d a nd his b o dy wa s in t e rre d a t Ro sm ha irc ni t h e b ro t h e r o f E o in o f Ile a n d t h e fa t h e r o f A l a s d a ir so n viz o f G i o lla e s p u ig w a s k ill e d by M a c C e a a i n i n Orb h a n sa igh C o l b h a nsa ig h (Ora ns a y o f C o l o n sa y) a nd t h e d a ug h t e r o f M a c D uib h si t h e o f L o c h a b e r wa s t h e m o t h e r o f t h is G io lla e sp uig so n o f A l a s d a i r o f I le of
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,
,
,
.
N IX
A PPE D
A ge
Ki ng
of
L o rd 1 4 37
t he
Ja m e s
1
.
I n t his y e a r t he K ing o f A lb a n, viz t re a c h e ro u sly k ill e d i n t h e t o wn o f
.
.
t h e Fi rs t , wa s
(P e rt h ) by his fa t h e r s b ro t h e r viz E a rl o f A t h ol e ( ) I n t h e s a m e ye a r d ie d A o ngh us b ish o p Ph e a rt
’
,
.
M o rb h a ir A t hfa ll
.
,
I nnsig a ll,
of
s o n of
E o in s o n o f A o ng hus Og His no bl e fa ir b o dy wa s b urie d wi t h his c ro z ie r a n d his e p is c o p a l h a b it i n t h e t ra ns e p t o n t h e so u t h s id e o f t h e g re a t c h o ir wh ic h h e s e l e c t e d fo r h im s e l f wh il e a l iv e D o mh na ll o f I le h a d a no t h e r s o n a m o n k a nd i t wa s i n h i s t im e t h a t Ba il e a n— M ha nu id h in U i b h i sd (U is t ) wa s g iv e n t o t h e c h urc h a nno D o mi ni 1 4 4 0 I n t h is y e a r d i e d M a iri Le isli Ba nm o rbh a ir (C o un t e ss ) o f D o m h n a ll
of
I le ,
son o f
.
,
,
,
,
.
-
,
,
.
,
Ro s
,
a nd
I
L a dy
h ave
of
I nns ig a ll,
g iv e n y o u
an
vi z
fi kno w
ac c o
t h e wife
.
u nt
of
e
D o mh na ll
of
ve ryt h ing
of
Ile
.
r e quire t o a n d Ol a n u
yo u
d e s c e nd ant s o f t h e Cla nns o f t h e C o ll a s D o mhna ll t o t he d e a t h o f D o mh na ll D ub h a t D ro c h e a d A t h a vi z t h e d ire c t l i ne wh o p o s s e ss e d I nns ig a ll Ro s a nd t h e G a rb h c hri lb T h e c h a n ro u h b o u nd s A n i s D o mh n a ll wa s t h e so n o f o f a ) ( g A o ngh us (t h a t wa s k ill e d a t I nb h e rni s by his o wn h arp e r M a c I Ch a irb re ) s o n o f E o in o f Ile s o n o f A l a s d a ir s o n o f D o mh na ll o f Ile s o n o f E o in o f I le s o n o f A o ngh u s Og a n d I k no w n o t wh ic h o f his k in d re d o r fri e nd s i s h i s l a wful h e ir E x c e pt t h e se ve s o ns o f E o i n s o n o f A o n hu s Og wh o m I s e t d o wn t o y o u g v iz Ra g hna ll a nd G o t h fra ig h t h e t wo s o ns o f t h e d au gh t e r o f M a c D ub h g a ill o f L ag a irn (Lo rn) a nd D o mhna ll a nd E o in M OT a nd A l a s d a ir C a rra c h t h e t h re e s o ns o f M a irgre d S d iuo rd d aught e r o f t h e Ea rl o f Fife a nd g o v e rno r o f t h e K i ng o f A lb an T h e r a c e o f Ra gh na ll L o rd o f Gla u n Ra gh na ill viz t h e H o u se l o f C il e n T i ri m a nd t h e L o r d o f G l e a nn G a ra d h G e ng a rry) ( G o t hfruit h l e ft n o o ffspri ng e x c e p t a fe w p oo r p e o pl e who of
t he
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
.
,
.
.
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
.
,
.
,
,
.
,
,
a re
in
No rt h
T he
o ffs
U i b h is d
pring
.
D o mh na ll
of
S t iubh ord was A l a sd a ir ,
I sl a nd s
.
T h is
of
I le ,
of
I l e , t he
E a rl
of
e
ld e s t
Ro s
a nd
son of
M a irg re d
M o rbh a ir o f t h e
A l a s d a ir m arrie d M a irg re d Livi sd o n,
d a ugh t e r o f E arl A l asd air
E arl o f Lit hc u t o wh o m sh e b ore E o in t h e h a d o t h e r c h ild re n viz Huis d inn by a d a ugh t e r Of G io lla Pha d ra ig Riaigh s o n o f Rua ighri so n o f t h e G re e n A bb o t s o n o f t h e E a rl o f Ro s wh o s e su rn a m e wa s o f t h e Ro s se s He ha d fo r p a t rimo ny t h e t h ird p a rt o f L e wis a n d o t h e r l a nd s up o n t h e t he
.
,
,
,
.
.
,
,
,
.
,
.
,
N IX
A PPE D
m a i nla n d
F o r t h e re we re
b ro t h e r
T o rc uill his
pe d
h t he m
fro m t he
,
vi z
.
T o rm o rd M a c le o i d
.
G ille mha o il
L o c h luinn m a c
,
m a c Rua igh ri s a fe
G a llo l a c h
of
.
,
a nd
a nd
G io lla
P a dra ig m a c Ruaighri a nd L o c h k ill e d b ut T o rmoid a nd T o rc uill
G i o ll a
.
luinn m a c G io lla mh a o il we re e sc a
p a rt s
l wit h M a c D o mh na ll viz D o m hn a ll o f I le fou r t h a t we nt o ut o f t h e a rmy b e fo re a ny p a r t a o ng
t h e m a in forc e we n t w it
P a draig
4
.
I t is h e t ha t wa s k ill e d i n t h e
.
arri o c h ) wh e n G (
of
1
p ursu it
I t wa s t h is Hui sd inn,
,
.
plund e re d Orc a in (Orkne y ) a nd Willia m M ac le o id o f He ra d h (H a rris) a nd t h e n o ut h o f I n n si a ll w e re i x l w i h i m i n t h a t e p e d i t o h a n t o y g g Huis d inn c au se d D o mhna ll G a ll a c h s o n o f Huis d inn t o m a rry t h e d a ug ht e r o f Grun e r G all (t h e C o ro n e r o f C a i t h n e s s) a n d s h e wa s o f t h e G u nn s Huis d i nn h a d o t h e r g o o d c hild re n viz D o mhna ll He ra c h s o n o f Hu isd inn a nd t h e d au gh t e r o f M a c so n o f
A l a s d a ir, t h a t
,
,
.
,
,
,
.
,
.
,
,
le o id Of He ra d h w a s h i s m o t h e r ;
E o in
a nd
,
of
S on
Hui sd inn
,
d a ugh t e r o f M a c C e a n o f A rd n amu rc ha n wa s his m o t h e r b ut t h a t E o in l e ft n o i ssu e a n d G io lla e sp u ig so n o f Huis d inn p o sse s s e d t h e l o rd sh ip a nd o t h e r s o n s wh o a re no t m e nt i o ne d h e re D o mhna ll G ru a m ac h s o n o f D omhna ll G a ll a c h a n d D o mh na ll G e rm s o n o f D o mh n a l l G ru a m a c h a n d C a t ria na d a ugh t e r o f A l a sd a i r s o n o f A i l in L o rd o f C la n n Ra gh n a ill wa s h i s m o t h e r wh ose d e s c e n d a n t s s t ill p o ss e ss t h e l o r d ship G i o lla e sp uig s o n o f A l a s d a ir o f Ile wh o s e m o t h e r wa s d a ught e r o f M a c D uib h sit h e o f L o c hab a r a nd A l a s d a ir so n o f G io ll a e sp u ig wh o o b t a in e d p o s s e s sio n o f t h e e a rld o m o f Ro s a nd D o m h na ll hi s s o n die d wit h o u t i ssu e E o in M o r s o n o f E o in s o n o f A o ngh us Og t h e T a nist t o M a c D o mhna ll ma rrie d M a i ri Bi se d a nd i t was wi t h h e r t he se v e n Tu at h s o f t h e G l e ns c a m e i nt o t h e p o sse s s i o n o f t h e C la nn a nd
t he
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
,
D o mhna ll
,
.
Al a s d a ir Ca rra c h , t h e t h ird
M o rbb a ir L e a mh na (t he
hildre n t o h im a dau h t e r o f M a c g c
.
E a rl
A o ngh us ,
s o n, of
so n o f
D ub h sh ib h e , b u t
m a rri e d t h e
L e nn o x) , b ut
A l a s d a i r, wh o s e m o t h e r wa s s he
wa s
A l a s d a ir,
so n o f
A o ng hus, fro m wh o m
are
A l asd a i r,
s on o f
A o ngh us, in t h e Bra e s
of
T h e re son o f
you
hav e
A o nghus Og
.
t he
d a ugh t e r o f b ore no sh e
d e sc e n da nt s
of
t
no t
m arrie d t o him
d e sc e n d e d
t he
ra c e
.
of
L o c hab a r
he se
.
fo u r
so ns o f
E o in
,
410
A PPEN D I
X
II
.
BA IL E S U T HA I N S I T H EA M HNA A n I ris h p o e m re a t ing fra g m e nt (p a p e r) o f
l
p o ss e ssi o n o f W in t h e B oo k o f
Ki gd o m
to
t he
an
I ris h M S
y
(R
.
I
le
c i rc a
s,
op ie d
c
A D
.
fro m
1 6 0 0 , i n t he
.
.
,
c
,
.
1 45 7
BA IL E
C rut h a i d h
an c
Ra it h c ha om h
Na b io md ha
Ea m h o in
as
.
hla c h mb ua id h e
,
n a c n o c a s c ao imh e ,
na o i d h e
ra i t
h
na e ighi
(
a o i b hin
)
n ur n u a i ne -
i o nn fhuar
-
.
(fhinn fhua r)
,
fa o ili d h fa fh io nnd a n ,
G e a b huid h
ro d
Bo bh e a nnur
I o mh d a
t t a rla ,
o s c i o nn
na t t e ag
d un
Na mb ro t
Rait h
a
a b hl a c h a s u ire ,
T e a mh o ir
Ea mhuin
hr i o c h
ga c h d io ngna c ra o bh fhi o nn a b bla
’
T e a re
Eamh na
su t h a in s i o t h
an
o r o s e a n d un, g
og ar
io ma n
.
Ea mh o in fhinn fh e a r
’
D fhe a ra ib h
a r a s il sa o r s
h u il
ui r
,
M a r c a c h e ic h d uinn g o d io gh a ir T re d h re i c h
s io
d h a in
c c ui r
a
o ll a t e d wi th a c op y c o nta ine d A c a d e my ) t ra nsc rib e d a b o ut A D
.
F e rm o
t he I s
wri tt e n
.
M He nne ss y, Es q
.
of
n
.
(c uir)
e c ra o b hu ir
(
c rae b a ir
)
.
.
A PPEND
IX
11
.
T RAN S L AT I ON
W M H ENNES S Y .
A
T
PERPE U A
.
,
Esq
i s S it h Ea mh na ,
L pla c e
-
Be aut e o u s t h e t e rri t o ry in wh i c h it i s
A fa ir Ra t h In
.
b o ve e ve ry fo rt wh ic h fa i r a ppl e t re e s a re pl e nt y a
found
,
-
Eamha in
of
.
pple s t h e fre she st T h e T a r a o f t h e v i c t o r i o u s h ou s e h old s F e w t h e duns a nd h ills mo r e fa i r I n t h e ir y o ung fre sh g r e e n g a rm e nt s t he
a
,
,
,
,
,
,
Emh a in, t h e
d e light ful
.
c oo
,
T h e Ra t h t o wh i c h fa i r
The A
roa
d
t o t he
yo ung h o r ne d -
o ld
a rt
l
Ra t h , is we l c o me ;
fort will
c ow a
-
d riving
t ak e
.
brigh t E mb a in o f t h e fre sh gra ss M a ny t h e me n o n wh o m a n o bl e e y e l oo k s ; M a ny t he v e h e me nt rid e r o f a b ro wn s t e e d A ppr oa c hing i n p e a c e t h ro u g h t h e bra nc hy wo o d s In
,
.
A PPEND
I o mhd a
l is
a
D h a rb h a r gb l a n c hu irp
S ua ir e b fha irc h e fhir D ul g o s id h D o l a g o (c u )
(c u
s id
ra i t
— R i Ii ( )
h
Nar h o ile a d
(
fi
h o i md e a d h
d umha
)
a b hl a c
lugh
r
in
(in)
an
i nnb he a r (ind mhe r) ,
(c h o imgh e d h)
d u ma )
,
na n
a
b ile a d h ,
-
dub h
na a n
b hro g h a
.
.
i o b ha r
h
d ro igh e a n,
fhile a d
V II I Ea m ha in (Em)
(
mhi n me a d h a
f an ( )
nua sa n
an
-
fh a mu r) ,
an
b h la i t h
S le a mha in b a rrd ha t h Ba il e
an c
na n
me al a ,
na t a irt h e
Ea mha i n
.
d o innfl c a d h,
b h fa gm a r
a r na na r a
A t ib h
11
i nd ) Ea m h o in Em a in ) ( (
d h e a la ig h
na r
C u irt
an
IX
.
.
n a na b ha ll c c umh ra
(c umra ) c in m h e a b hla ( ) ,
T e a mh a i r (T e m a ir) M ha na nn g a n A s ia d (a s s ia t ) c ua i ne sa o r (s a e r) S a d hbha , Abhla
c rao b h
(
c ra e b h
)
n na i ne n -
-
Tu sa (t u ssa ) m a c S a d hb h a sa o ire A s (is) t u a n s l a t (i nt s h la t ) a b hla C a d i a d o b hru Do
r o i ne
ria
na
t hu
a
Ea mh na
as
( ) ar
,
.
ll e
ai
,
b o i n ne t ai d he
.
A Ra gh nuill, a ri a n (in ) d io ng na Ra d hruim (d ruim ) d ha (d a ) t h i a r t i t e arla ,
D
o
h h a a m e i c s a o ir S a d hb h a , e b (g ) l e ic a t t a o ib h (t t a e ib h ) T he a mhra
h e rrla ) (
h g e a b ha e
L a b hra
on
.
.
A PPEND
M a ny in Emh a in
IX
11
.
u a r ie s F r o m wh i c h t h e ir d e e p fl o o d s h a v e ( T h e fi e ld s t i ll e d i n h a rv e s t Wi t h c l e ar c o rn o f t h e L o rd s b o dy of
t he
e st
d e pa rt e d )
no t
’
.
J oyo us t h e e s t a t e o f t he m a n o f t h e d umha Whic h h a s d r unk t he sh o we rs o f h o ne y T o g o t o t h e sw e e t s id h o f t h e Brug I s t o g o t o t h e sm o o t h Ra t h o f m e a d
Th e
a
ppl e y
Em h a in
S m o ot h, t o p
of
ye ws
t he
.
,
l u re d a r e i t s t r e e s A ne w pl a c e u nd e r t h e bl a c k t h o rn I n whic h wa s n urse d L ugh d e sc e nd a nt -
co o
,
.
V
Emb a in T he Th e A re
of
t he
III
j uic y a ppl e s
of
t he
po e t
.
,
T a ra o f M a na nn wit h o ut d isgra c e n obl e p ro g e ny o f S a b ia t h e a ppl e s o f t h e g re e n b ra n c h o f E mb a in ,
T h o u t h e so n o f n o bl e S a b ia T ho u t he m os t b e a ut e ou s a ppl e ro d Wh a t G o d fro m Bru o f t h e Boyne C re a t e d t h e e wit h h e r in se c re t ? ,
,
C Ra gh nall, king o f t h e fo rt re s s I f t h o u c o m e s t wit h t h e o bj e c t o f 2
,
T h o u w ilt o b t a i n A s o un d fro m t h e
,
0
s o n o f no
fla g
by
t he
se e k in
g it ,
bl e S a b ia 3 si d e o f T a ra ,
.
.
1 .
A PPEND I
D a ma d h
X
11
.
s lo igh
le at
fh e a r (b fhe r) b hfuinig h (fhuinid h) O b h o inn g o mb e a n (c u m b e n) re t ibhir M o d he i t a r mh il sa r mh e a d a ir (me g a ir)
.
.
’
Ea mha in mh e ic Lir mb e ie M hid hr
.
A mh e ic G o fra id h
h a oimh (c ha e imh) c rut ha ig Na r lo t ra igh (t ra id) re t a o ib h (t a e ib h) t a c a ir (t a e o ir) Ni m ia d h (mia d ) l e a t h (la t ) e (h e ) o t a t h a ir M a c a t hac h (m a c a t h ) r e t re a d r a t h a igh (ra t h o igh)
.
c
,
,
.
XI II
.
Nior (nir) u a isle (ua i sli) ina o i (ina i) ri Ro mhan A s (i s) i d o g hna o i (ghna i) a n (in) g hna o i (ghna i) la infhial No r ua isle r a t h ri o gh (rig h) S uiria m N a sga t h c hu ilfh ia r gri ob h (g rib h) G h a ilia n ,
,
,
.
A nu
ni
fh uigh b h e
S uirgh e m a r t hu ,
Tul c ha n
m ar
Fa gh aigh
e
e
f ui d b h i Ea mh a in ) ( as
h e) (
(he )
ar
tu
a n c o b h a ir
d rum e hla r
D o ir se t fh e ara inn (fe ra inn)
(ina it )
A s (is) d a oib h (d ib ) a
U a im fh e a
Do
Is
rna ,
h a bha ir) ,
c
u a im
d o mh a in
as
.
i o m d ha
m i ( d ha )
,
gh o rma , c h ra o bh (e ra c hh ) c hua in Ea mh na Emua ) (
sre a b h a inn
c ha o
mh
c n o d hb h a
g a n re (a ) lu ing M a na inn (M a na ind )
(
c
hn o g hd ha )
.
ra gh a inns e
a nn
(in)
G o mb e inn Da
i (n
,
na a g h a id h,
’
S o illse ina i d
E m a in) (
mb e ind ) t hu a id h
( le a na inn u aim cu
c h a o im
h
c
se re
( ) Si
mh o la i m
t a o bh t hfe a ra inn,
h ora inn
.
A PPEND
IX
11
.
w e re t h e h o s t s o f t h e m e n o f t h e F r o m Boy ne t ill it t o u c h e s t h e T ib e r G re a t e r t o t h e e fo r j oy a nd pl e a su re We re t h e Emha in o f t h e so n o f Lir so n If t h ine
s e t t i ng
(t he
we st )
,
,
,
O
t h e fa ir,
s on o f
s
ha p e ly
G o ffra id h
of
4 d M i ir .
fi ,
Th a t wit h dra we st n o t a fo o t in b a t tl e I t b e s e e m s n o t o n t h y fa t h e r s a c c o u nt Th at a ny m an in t hy t im e s h ould b e t hy sur e t y ’
,
,
XI I I No t
.
.
k ing o f t he Roma ns t h a n t h ou T hy fa c e is t he g e ne ro u s fa c e N o t h igh e r t h e fo rt u ne o f t h e k ing o f Syria Th an t h a t o f t h e l ong t re sse d g rif n o f G a ilia n 5 no
bl e r wa s
t he
,
-
.
XI V
.
T o d a y , Emha in will n o t o bt a in A l o v e r l ik e t h e e —t h o u a r t t h e h e lp -
A
hill o c k lik e
Find y e it
M a ny
on
it in t he
s
c om
p a riso n
urfa c e
of
,
t he
e art
h
.
d o o rs o f t h y c ou nt ry Brigh t e r t h a n t h e blu e r ill s Of t h e m C b ra n c h o f t he s t o c k o f Em ha in A re t h e c a v e o f F e r na t h e fa ir c a v e o f Kno wt h a re
t he
,
,
,
I wo uld g o , wi t h o u t a s t a t e ly sh ip I nt o t h is M a na inn whic h I e x t o l I migh t b e I f I fo ll o we d t h e
Th a t
r n o bl e c a v e
no r t
h
ne a
t hy of
,
l a nd
,
C o ra nn
.
.
,
fi fifi
416
A PPEND
IX
) C\7 I I
Ro i nnfe
(ro ind ) m a id ) re id h
Ar
ra l u i n
ar
.
d h o M ha nuin n mh a ig h
-
ar
(fli e r)
L o isg fe t e a gh
Na r l a d h S e a rg fa e
a
ag
u s g
us
la r
c ao
A irg fe A t h
C
i at h g
Ai t t o igh e C uingh im
l ia t h
bh o inn
o nn
b h o in d )
nd
(
.
a i rg fe ,
t o lg b fa e
d ho
c ao r a r ar a
o rt a
(
t ol c fa id h) ,
e e a rd c h a e ,
l
c o lp a e
.
Ji l i i
s
d o M a na ind (
,
T ug d a ig hm hc inn
Is do
.
i s a r i o nns hl o i h , g g a r fh ud d o g h o rt n g la i nre id h
S le ib h t e
C o isg fe
II
an c
.
h o mh l a in n,
d o ghl a nb h u inn , t t o c h t (t h o c h t ) g o D uibhlinn ,
a r sg a t h
ar
o rt r o i m h e a
Ra ghnui ll
.
A Ra gh na ill, a ri a n D o mh na n, A ri d ha t t a b hra i m (d a t h a b h ra im ) t ulgra d h , A d d hi a igh
Bua id h
um c
h no e
o rg h a n s t o c
o
is
C o l ma n ,
S d urgh a n
DCII
M a i t h t h e a n g na m h A f h la i t h
a
c ru a id h
c e a nng hla n c
C lo id h e a mh Be ir e
,
I
.
.
do
c
h r o id h e ,
hua in M h uile ,
l
c rua i dh o i gfhi r e i e
t ru aill b h ro ighib
i i b r l h u id h e o b ( g ) ICE CI I
.
.
d h e a rg a r d h o (d o ) d h e a rnain n G ac h fe ar a se a rg (s c are ) re a S lim rinn G o mb i (c u mb i) a gra in ne (gra ine ) t re a ghl a nd ruim (ge a l n o g l a n) S a idh e a Ra gh nuill i (hi) a n I mlinn Do
S h l e a gh
,
,
,
-
.
A PPEN D
IX I I
XV I I The
s
mo o t h
-
.
.
pl a ine d M a na nn t h o u
wil t
,
d ivid e
i n t wo ,
l fo r l a rg e a rm ie s T h e h ills a l o ng t hy c l e a r l e v e l fi e ld s T h a t ha ve g iv e n t h e e b e a ut y C fa ir
For
fle e t s
a n d a so
,
,
XV I I I
Bo y ne
.
.
T ho u wil t re st ra in m e nsla ugh t e r a nd wilt plund e r T h o u wilt burn h ou s e s a nd wilt d e m ol ish ; T ha t no b o lt m a y fa ll o n t h y fo rg e T he narr o w C o lp a t h o u wilt d ry up ,
,
,
‘
.
XIX
.
pl und e r A t h Cl ia t h o f t h e c o mba t Wit h t hy sh ie ld gu ard ing t hy c l e ar sid e ; T he s i t e o f a h o u s e o n c o m in g t o D ubl in I a sk o f t h e e in a d v a n c e C Ra gh na ll T h o u wilt
-
,
,
,
,
.
C Ra ghna ill, C K ing o f t he D o m hna n ; C k i ng , t o wh o m I g i v e a rd e n t l o v e Aft e r
the e
S h a ll b e
,
a
b o ut
o rg a ns ,
C no c O C h o l ma n ’
-
t ru mp e t s ,
(T a ra )
l
a nd c ari o ns
XXI -
h ard
s wo r
d
T h ou wilt b e ar
o f a no t
in
a
.
.
G o o d t h y p ro we s s, b ra v e t h y h e a rt , C b rig h t h e a d e d p rinc e o f t h e h a rb o ur T he
h e r yo ung
of
-
sc a
bb a rd
d
s
,
,
,
,
.
.
.
.
pe a r i n t hy rig h t ha nd Wit h (fro m ) wh o se slim (S h a rp ) p o int l o v e (sic kne ss) U nt i l i t s e d g e i s t h r o u g h t h e c l e a r b a c k Th ru st it 0 Ra ghna ill in t h e nav e l V OL I I I re
M ull
man
y e ll o w b o rd e re d XXI I
T hy
,
,
.
e
v e ry
m an
A PPEND
IX
11
.
S ib h s e
fi
N i mo
c
XXI II
.
G e i b h e g hla ic (gl a ic ) a c uirr c h a i rre (c na i rre ) , G e ib e shla it (sl a it ) n d ui nn ga n d uille ,
D o t he id (t e i t ) c h ru i nn (c ruinn) shle a mh a in
S e inne
a c ui rr
l e a bh a i r lui nge
(sle main) sre inge
.
XXI \
mb a r e mb re a c t h a
r na
h in
t ra c
ht
t o ph t a
)
,
.
.
(M he ra igh)
G o fra id h M he ara igh
i h g l
(
t o p t ha
XX V ua
(
o c h t a c ao imh c h n io c h t a
D o g ho in
A
t ie fa ) ,
na t t io c fa
t ro igh r e
A it nid h d ha o ibh
.
,
A fhir d o lo t ra igh luirigh ,
D
mh o i d
o
(m oit )
D o d hio g a il Si
(ri)
a ri r e
ar a s uil ib h
ri o ghai n
(righa in)
,
.
XX V I
.
A m h e ic
i h m c G o fra i d h fh e i l fe arrd h a fh rrd h a , e ( ) ) (
A m h e ic
re id h s o c h ra i
gh m o ig h
D h o b hl o gha is d o
(d o mna ) C h o mhl a s ola I s
shad
ngl o in ng arrdh a
A
ua
L a c hluinn
A
ua
l an g
na
Chuinn
I a rrfa m (i a rfa in)
( ) ac
s ur
c
la o id he a ng na n g e ib hi o nn
u an
a r c ul
A r a nn
t ra gh a nn nfhuar n
-
Ri s
I m ( d a)
bui ng
na c h
Pe is d i s i IS
du ine
a
na
g
ad
.
.
XX V I I I I o md ha
lu ing
sa l n a
e irio nn
di
(
n
Ere nn)
.
.
lar bhle ig h e s u id h e s nid i , ) ( ar
h or b h uid h e ,
01
,
b h l i h o d h o m h n a ) g (
XX V I I
Ag
b ha
d igh e (d highi )
.
hi b l e id ), (
,
A PPEND
IX I I
XXII I
.
.
T a ke in t hy ro u nd s t out h a nd T a k e a br own l e a fl e ss r o d T hy r ound smo o t h s t rung ro p e Wh il st we a re o n t h e p o o p o f t h y ro o my sh ip ,
,
,
,
,
XXI V
.
Yo u y e m e n o f t h e sp e c k l e d b ark s I l o v e n o t t h e s t ra nd t o wh ic h y e c ome ,
,
T o y o u i s k no wn t h e quic k st e p , T O t h e wo u nd ing o f t h e b o s o m s o f X XV
0 fa ir
d e s c e nd a nt
C m a n t ha t A
king
Th a t
of
h a st h a c ke d
c o at s of
0 mild
ro n e e g
7
,
us
he r
e
ye s
.
.
m a nly G o d fre y ,
d a t e s o n o f S a b ia T h o u h a st b ro k e n o ff fro m M agh D o mhna ) T h e c l e ar b righ t gard e n g a t e se
-
D o mhna
.
XX V I I
.
d e sc e nd ant o f Lo c hla inn o f t h e ship s 8 0 fa i r d e sc e n d a nt o f C o nn o f t h e fe t t e rs ; We will a sk a ha rb o ur b e hind A ra n Whilst s e arc hing t h e c o ld st ra nd s o f Erin C
,
.
XXV I II M a ny i s t h e g o bl e t i n t h e Fix e d
.
m a il ;
b o a st e d t o a qu e e n wo uld a ve ng e t h e e b e fo re
son o f
ble k night s
G o d fre y M e a ra gh ,
ha s
he
no
no t ;
.
XXV I C
.
.
h o ld
of
t hy
u nt ou c h e d by t h e b rine ; C i rc l e d by a se rp e nt o f y e llo w g o ld Out o f w hic h a m a n qu a ffs a d rink a nd
.
,
h ip
s
,
a rt p ( a
of
A PPEND
IX
XXIX
11
.
.
D e o c ha d o d (d o t ) c h uirm (c uirm) no m c e a ngla nn (no m c e ngla n n) D o m h u irn g a In u irn na c h d io ngb h a nn , D ua d h (du na ) g a nib b e ni fho ghb ha m , io nngh a ll M ire c ho r ma nn b fhua r (fua rr) t
.
XXX C c im
)
(
c e ir
a
d t h ig h
(
a t ig
h)
.
ar
ti
co
mh o il,
d h o n fh e inn a ri a d ra la im h Ea sgra (e s c ra ) c a o mh fa d c h uirm ngla nfhua ir I a o m (l a e m) ra ghu a il ng uirm a r g a b b a il
Fir
,
l
.
XXXI
A Ra d hn a ill G ac h
Rug
fi
a ri
C ola
h hl a nl u in d o h e a b a g g g s hl ua g h s ni o mh a n mh a ra ,
ni a d
ar
.
Fi o n t a na fhu a r
h e ala
na
.
XXX I I
.
dr e a m re (a c ) d a il ro c hruid h Fe a rr i na a d ha il g o (c u) d o c hra id C rua id h e me r re (ri) fe a rt h o in (fe rt h o in) Fe arc h o in (fe rc h o in) c ua ine (c hua ine ) g hil B [ ] og
an
,
,
XXXII I na
c c u a nd a
(
c u a nna
muighib h m o ra
G l ua i sid g a o t h d h o d c hi e nn c ra o b ha , M a r c h a o nn a (c a e nd a ) fhio nn mh a o t h mh o na
m o na )
ar
d ho
d bh arr o ( )
A na ll t ar fa it hc h e fh a inn Glu a isid
(
)
ma e t h
nd
c uirn
M ha ll (ma ll)
S
do
huil
c
huil
c
.
b a nd a il (c un b a nail)
a
g fh e o ir,
hla nn -
,
uir,
ng uirm n ni r
(
)
u ir
.
,
.
XXXI V A i t h ne
fi
G h o fra idh
.
Be ri b hui d h in (b huighin) m b ra t La t d o
.
d h a h a i nd e o i n
.
fi fi fi A PPEND
IX I I
XXI X
D r a u gh t s
of
t hy
b ind
a le
.
.
me
Wha t d e light d o e s n ot t hy d e l ight r e p e l " Fa t igu e i n q ua f ng i t I fe e l n o t ; 9 M e rri e r i t is t h a n t he c o ld a le o f Fingal .
XXX
To
a
dva nc e
M e n o f t he
.
i nt o t h y h o u s e t o b a n qu e t , Fia nn , C K i ng a re a t h a nd , ,
F a ir g o bl e t s A s t h e bl a z e
a re of
u n d e r t hy c l e a r c o o l a l e blu e c o al s i s a sc e nd ing .
XXXI
.
O Ra ghn a ll, C K ing o f C e ll, ’ A ll t hings i n t hy fa ir ship t h o u lt
Whic h
T h e t hin
co
h a s t h e win d ing
h o st
t o t he
ld
wine
of
t he
s wa ns
XXXI I
G e ne ro u s t h e
b a nd
B e t t e r t his t h a n t o
H a rdy
nd
se a
b ro ugh t
.
.
d is t ribu t ing st o c k ; d e a l it nig ga rdly
in
t h e m e n fo r
Th e m a n
-
d o gs
g h t ing o f t h e p a c k o f fa ir G o d fre y
XXXI I I
.
.
T a k e a c o mp a ny e l e ga n tly c l o t h e d Wit h t h e e fr o m t h e g re a t pla ins M a y t he w ind bl e w o v e r t h y t o pm a st s G e nt ly as t h e ru st l ing o f so ft wh it e m o o r g r as s .
,
-
,
XXXI V Th e w o m e n w ill A S t h ou
me st
a
d m ir e
he a d
,
p ro n e g ra s se d g re e n ; Be fo r e t h e ru s t ling o f t h y y o u t h ful l o c k s T h e so ft blu e e y e will u n willin gly m o v e co
p a st
t hy
.
t he
-
.
.
A PPEND
IX
XXX V D o ra d Ag
ad
Le a g a
11
.
.
ra t d o d a o ib h d a ibh ( ) ( ) (a c a t ) shlua gh a sha o ir
s nua d h a r s ha
Ai t hghi n
s
h hi t bh g
ng o rm o n
hul
-
,
sh o e hra ig ,
c o rn u r r e a n a i -
mb e h na ibh
n a igh t h ib h
(
-
G o fra id h
)
,
.
X XXV L
m ar b h o g ha
a rra i d ) , b (
) A g t o c h t t ar r o gh a a n (in) r i nn fhe o i r C o smha il bl a t h d o c hu il c h o imm o ir
Do
(
rosg
ro se
an
h rr id h i n b a a ( ) ,
,
Re
s na t
h
b ro nno ir
uir
d hi nn e o i n
XXX V I I N i t e a re
a c ra o b h ur e a d t ro m
.
.
(
e t ro
m) ,
h ul sh ao r m a r s e a d bh arr (s e db h a rr) ; ( ) Ni t ug (t u c ) b e a n (b e n) e a d (e t ) a r t h o g b h o nn (t o c b o nn) A gh e a g (g h e g) b ro g dh o nn (b ro c c d h o nn) gh e a l gh e a g mhar (ghe g mh ar) S e a rc
d h o d (d o t )
se rc
c
,
.
XXX V I I I
.
A gh o ill d o gl e ire a n (in) b h ro gh a (b ro gh a ) M a r t e id h e (t h e ighi) t a r m o ing mha ra Rui sg c hu a nd a (c ua nna ) a c uirr n a h e a l a , Buinn g h e a la g rua d ha gl a na
.
XXXIX
.
ha o in (c amdla id a rc hai n) d o nnb h a rr ( ) (h i) A mhla o i b h sha o ir S h e a ngd hui nn
C a m d hla o i
ar
,
c
d o d h o nnb ha irr
,
A i
,
Re d la o c hla imh S a m hla im
c
re i d h a
Ra ghna ill,
ill m a o t h b ha in m e a m ruim
S a mla im d o li is li
an c
.
hubh a ir,
A Ra g hna ill a s ri a r Ea mh a i n (Ema in) , Re a l t a (re lt a ) ghla s m all fa d (fa t ) m h a la igh ,
S am a il b ha rr
na n
-
g
as
n
-
g e a m h a ir
)
ng e d ha i r
(
.
A PPEND I
X
XXX V T he
c
h o ic e st
of
hu e s
11
.
.
h a ppy l imb s n o b le h o ne st c h i e f ; on
I s wit h t h y a rmy, C A s t h e s oun d n o f full t rum p e t s ,
I s t h e gl a n c e
blu e
t he
of
e ye of
XX XV I T hine e ye is l ike P e e ping t hr ough
t he
m od e st
b e fo re t h e ir fac e s G o d fr e y s h e ir
,
’
.
.
hya c int h
urfa c e o f t h e p o int e d gr a ss T h e hu e o f t hy fl o wi ng l o c k s i s lik e Fre sh t h r e a d o f g o ld fro m t h e a nvil (o r furna c e ) t he
s
.
XXX V I I No t
.
fr e sh , l igh t b ra nc h , t h y g l o rio u s g e m lik e
sc a rc e , a
loc ks ; N o wo m a n h a s b e e n w it h o u t j e a l o u sy re ga rd ing t h e e T h ou bro wn whit e m ight y sc i o n o f a g r e a t b ra nc h IS
l o ve
fo r
-
,
-
.
XXX V I I I C G a ll
of
t he
c
h o ic e st
.
t h e Brug
of
h
,
A S t h o u g o e st a c ro ss t h e surfa c e o f t h e se a Brigh t a re t h ine e y e s, t h o u o f t h e s wa n lik e -
T he
w h it e
fe e t
a nd
t he
l
c e ar c
X XXIX
he e ks
ne c k ,
.
.
b ro wn h e a d i s a t wist e d t re ss T h ou d e s c e nda nt o f t h e n o bl e sl e nd e r br o wn T o t hy s o ft h e ro h a nd C Ra gh na ll I c o mp a re a s t rip o f s o ft whit e p arc h me nt On t h y
,
-
,
-
,
,
.
p a re t o t h e h ue o f fo a m O Ra gh na ll wh o a rt k ing o v e r Ema i n U nde r t hy bro ws a re sl o w blu e st ars Lik e t o t h e t o p s o f bl a d e s o f c o rn gra s s
T hy
I
l
c o our
c om
,
-
.
A mhlaibh ;
10
A PPEND
Ma it h t hinn e a ll
11
.
huil (t ind e ll c uili)
c
(sille nn)
a s ille a n n
Ar
IX
G r is c h a o m h
ar c e ar
A ill e t h a o bh
ng a n
l
is
l ua ine (c h a r ) a sma ile s ui
c
he ibh e ,
,
d o gh rua id he
XLI I
,
.
.
T a o bh g rua id he uir d ho i o n nl a is , Cra o b h ua ine a d (a t ) s huil m a r s h a mf hra is , A r fh ra o c h t hfuilt (hf h uilt )
Do
c a rm a i s
(
e r ma is
)
ga o t
i (hi ) ;Fh e a rgha is (Fh e rgha is ) ,
a
h (ga e t h )
XLI II
A fhir
na
re a d ha g
A fh i r
na
h e al a
G arb h sh a i t h e
(
)
fi m in mh e ile ,
us
bla i t h e b uid he
XLI V
I S b a d hb h a Iomd ha
A
() o
na i
a n
-
g mh a d hma
d
r
bha i d hb h g hi l
a
s
h u irm g
hi ng shul
,
.
.
i (hi) C h orm a i c
lu ing na l uing ra id hbhri c s e a i) d o c h re i c h a r e a c h c re a c h ) ( (
an
S gao i
Ma oil b h e irn
fa o nm h ai d hm ,
s h a or
A i (hi) C huinn,
ar
hurd hu irn ,
na
li n n g
.
.
ru a i
X LV
G us
.
d uibh e ,
ag
T uga is (t u c a i s )
.
i g le ,
e imh e
sc in
S g in
h u i rt Pa rrt h a i s p
,
D o io ml ai t
ne a c
h
e ic
h
a im h
ghlic
XL V I
i o nnra i c ,
.
.
d h u nn g a n a n in) g hla i s (gl a is ) gh a ibh ni o n n ( ) ( n ga i b h n e nn ) ( A no c ht g a c h ul (c u l) t a i s t io rmfha n n (t irmfh a nn) C lc dhu nn (d hu n) g a n a n dub h s o ig hle a nn C lc d huinn
,
,
,
Ar
s gur
g o irm sh e a ng
ur
Fhio nngh a ll
.
A PPEND
G o o d is t h y On whi c h a
a rra ng e
m e nt
IX I I
of
a nd
t re s s e s
blu e e y e l o o k s ; Wit h nobl e a rd o u r i s i nfl a m e d The b righ t su rfa c e o f t h y c h e e k
X LI I
lo c k s
,
.
.
ba t he d I n t h ine e y e is a blu e b e a m s o ft a s su mm e r S h o we rs Ove r t h e l o c k s o f t h y h a ir O d e s c e nd a nt o f Fe rgu s T h e wind o f P a ra d is e ha s br e a t h e d Thy fa ir fre sh
c
he e k t hou
.
has t
,
,
.
XLI I I O man
of
0 man
of
The Th e
h
t h e w it e
st e e
.
d
bla c k s wa n fi e r c e b a nd a nd t h e g e nt l e m o o d sh a rp bl a d e a n d t h e l a s t in g fa m e t he
,
,
X LI V
.
.
u t d e fe a t o n M ae lb h e irn Fie r c e o n t hy p ar t we re t h e h e a vy bl o ws ; Num e ro us a re t he m e n d isp e rs e d in t h e gl e n C (fro m t h e ) n o bl e b rig h t sl e nd e r blu e e y e d h e r o Th ou
h a s t in fl i c t e d
a ro
-
,
-
XLV D e sc e nd a n t
.
d e sc e nd ant o f T h o u wit h t h e S p e c kl e d ship o f S h ip s ; P ursu e t h y ra id s o n a w o rt hy s t e e d ; F o r a fo o l ish st e e d c a r ri e s o ne a s t ra y of
C o n n,
a nd
C o rma c
.
XLV I
E v il Is
us
no t n o w
E vi l Is
fo r
for
us
n o t no w
.
t ha t t h e G l a s G a ib hn i o nn -
in h e r
s o ft
t hat t h e D
in t h e
d ry
bh
u
-
b rill ia nt
l
s o p ing c o rn e r
S o i ngle nn st
ud
of
;
14
F ing a l
.
.
426
IX
A PPEND
X LV I I M o c h ua i r t A b h arr
t
ha ll
t uillm h e a c h
d ha mh sa ,
d ruim ne a e h d o nns o,
s u a ire
s a n o rrs a
-
XLV I I I n— d ol
.
.
D o g ua l a a ri s a o r s e a g h sa , ’ Le a msa a r d o n i S a n o rs a (hi
Ar
11
d a mhsa
od
)
.
.
d h e a g h t h o igh
M ha lm s a mi h a lm sa d o c h ra ig M e a sa a n t e a g h rio gh d h a (d a )
d e gh
(
ot
)
t h o ig h
,
,
ra c h a ir,
Mart h a in a g s io l g e a l G h o fra id h
X LIX
.
.
A mhe i c G o fra id h ghuirt M huile , D o ghuirt g o nfa idh a r II a ire -
,
T a in
g o t ra c h t a ib h d o t h igh e , Biri O t hra igh m b a r e ghl o in m
b a il e
-
Ba il e S ut h a i n
N OT ES 1
Lu
gh
m a c Et hl e n n, fo r w hom
O C u rry ’
se e
R e gi n a
2
we g ia n
o
ld
,
s on
of
to
1 2 26
e
p
388
.
T
at
r
L e c t ur e s ,
,
No r
t he I s
a nd
l
es
of
w hi c h
a ra ,
t he
r
ight fu l
S e e O C u rry ’
.
s
M a n a nn a n M a c L i r, o n e o f t h e T u a th D e D a na nu He i s c o nn e c t e d .
ra
or
pl
Em a in
a i ne
Se e F
v ol 5
.
n
t he
d to m
e an
ou
r
.
.
a
a
a
ppl
,
e s,
t he I s
A nc ie nt B
p 78 G il i n i
w ith Em h a in A b hl a c h ,
of
6
r
a
e
whi c h i s
l nd a
o oks
of
eX
e
f Wa le s
.
,
a ru
d fo e
m o f t he
r
na me
.
a
a
.
re
a
r
,
r
e ra
e
r o
,
e
a
s,
es
e
3
.
s
,
r
ar
c e
e
.
r
,
s
a
a s,
a
r
e
e
se
r
,
e
lan d
er
,
s
e
.
e
,
r
r
s
A rra n
o
,
o
r
a
.
4
by t d itio
i te r on of t h e th re e t r i b s f t h e F i b o l g n oth e r o f t h e th r e e D om h n n t ib s o f t h F i b o l g 7 T hi w s Go d d C o v n c a ll e d i n t h e I i s h A nn a l s G o f a i d h M n a c h t h e fo u n d e f t h N o r w gi n k i ng d o m o f M a n a n d t h e I s l e and nc to r o f R gina ld T hi l i ne a l lu d e s to R e gin a ld s on o f S om e l e d w h o rul e d o v p t o f t h e I sl e f o m 1 1 6 4 to 1 20 4 a n d wh o w a d to b d u pp o n d d th o u gh C o ll f om s U i on C o n n o f t h H un d e d B tt l of t h t r d itio na ry k i ng o f Ir t h e G a il e o n in L e ns
of
s
re
a
e r
r
.
e
.
.
oun d d t t h e t a d h i to t h e th o ne
s
38 8
.
Go d e d
of
Man
n
L ia F a l
T he
p
L ec t u r e s ,
s
Ki g
fr m 1 1 8 8 3
’
.
r
e
e s,
a
s
e
A PPEND
IX I I
XLV II
.
.
Pr o fi t able t o me wa s my vi sit y o nd e r O j oy o u s d ia d e m e d b ro wn h e a d ; Thy sho uld e r O n o bl e king o f S e gha is We re t o m e e qual t o t h is g o ld ,
,
,
,
.
XL V I I I
.
On my g o ing fro m t hy g o o d h o use , M y a l m s w e re n o t pit iful a l m s ’
N 0 b e t t e r k ing s h o use c a nst t h o u g o t o ; L o ng l ife t o t h e b righ t r a c e o f G o dfre y .
XLIX O
G o d fre y
so n o f
of
.
Mull s fi e ld ’
h a ll t hy fi e ld s re t a in ; S p o il s t o t he sh o re s o f t h y h o u se b e a r t h o u 15 Fro m t h e b rig h t b arb e d T ra ig h b h a il e Our
a t t e nt io n s
,
-
-
.
NOT ES
d o b t f l w h th t h O i ni h o n b f d to h i I i h pp i n S t 46 H n v p o t y n d t h f o m f F i n ng l l F i ng ll w b t i m ply F io nn n m ppl i d to t h N o w gi nd to t h l n d th y o p i d H th w ll d in Lo d f t h I l p o t y Ri F h i g ll f om t h I l n d h v i n g b l o n g d to t h N 9
a
I t is
c
u
u
s
a
e a
er
e
e ars
r
OI I
r
o
s es
e
o nn
r
s
w e g ia n s
a
e
a
e
e
as ’
,
a
l
O
a
,
as a
a ns , a
e nc e
.
c a
e
r
e
e
or
.
itl i ng gra n d fa th r Re gi n ld s on f Go d re d ; b u t 1°
or
,
r s
a
e
r
c c u
e
n
o
o
e
ss
e
e re
er a
e
a
e
s a
e
er
e rre
.
e
e
e
e re
e
.
r
u
ca
er
.
e
u
af
B
,
,
o
e
of
he
.
l o g d f th f gi ld w ho m oth
wa s
Re
na
d ght au
er
12
ld
,
13
h p
The
wa s h i s
er
a
s
S om e r
son o f
be
G o fra id h ,
Pe r
d
e sc e n
son of
M orva r e n
lb td
c e e
ra
d d
e
t he Sm r
14
15
.
Fe r
c
s r
e
wa s
,
o
fr m
gu
s
a
.
.
C o w o f G a ib h A nna ls of F o ur .
.
.
,
e o
e
l d
e
ith S e M a s t e s n ot e to A M 3330 f C u h u l in s ho On D un d a l k t a n d ne n
r
.
se
t i
oth e
t he
o
se
pp o d to
c er a n
er
a
,
R e gi n a
H su
ra n
a s
’
a
.
rs e s
.
A PPEND
T HE
D E S C RI PT I ON OF
T HE h a ill I l e s
IX
T HE
II I
.
I S LE S OF S C OT LAN D
1 .
S c o t l a nd w e re d e vid i t i n fo u r p a irt s o f a uld , viz L e wis S k y , Mul e , a n d Yl a a nd t h e r e m a ne nt h a ill I l e s w e r e r e knit b ut a s p e rt ine nt s a nd p e nd ic l e s o f t h e said fo ur .
of
,
I l e s,
a nd
,
d e vi d it
w e re
t h a irt o in t h i s m a nn e r t he Il e s
Wi st
of
,
,
Ell a n
of
mu c k ,
na
Fi rs t t o t h e I l e
,
a nd
l it
S ky we re
S c a lp a
a nd
Pe rt e ining t o t he Ile U ll o wa y
C o mm a t ra
,
gis t hir fo ur I l e s
,
a nd
a nn e x t
L e wi s w e s
of
Barra , Ha rra gis, Ro na le wi s ,
He lsk e r C o lli sm o wn T o t h e I le
.
aman
P a bl a
a nn e x t
in Ha rre ik ,
.
Ra arsa , Eg , Ro m b , C a nn a
,
M ul e we re Lis m o i r T ua h a nna i s
,
a nne x t
.
of
,
C o lmisinc h e
I nsc hk e nny c h t , S a n c t
C o lmk ill, T ire i c h, a n d C e ll A n d t o t he fo urt h I l e
a lias
.
of
Yla we s
j
c o n o y nit
I le s
t he
of
Jura C o lo nsa G e iga Ra uc hly ne S e illo ny ng S c a rb a B ut n o w t h ir I l e s a re b e c um u n d e r s un d rie m e ns d o m inio ns es ll I u h i r t n i a a t h r w t h i a n e r n o t o t h d f u r r i c l o w a s e sa i s o q p p a irt i t n d se f i t t h i k i p h l i a u s o t h e m a s p w s h a e t e a e sa m i n e f r t o y b e a n d s e c ia lli e t h a ir y e irl ie f i r sh a ll f w o d e t i e s h e i r e t a s p d e c la irit Be t h ir I l e s fo ir sa id s t h a ir i s m o ny s mall I la nd s a nd I nc h e s i n S c o t l a nd q uh a ir o f t h e n a me s are n o t p ub lis t n o r y it in re put a t io n b ut wo rt hie o f h a b it a t io n o r d e s c ry ving quha ir t h r o w we o m i t t t h e sa my n q uhill t h a i b e b e t t e r i nh a b it e a nd
D e wra
a lia s
,
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
e s t e i m it o f
.
l a nd s o f A rd m wrc h e quh ilk N e ss is c a ll e d Ro mwrc h e (P o i nt o f A rd u a m urc h a n) a n d d ivi d e s t h ir h a ill I l e s in t wa vi z i n S o u t h and N o rt h I l e s viz t h e I l e s o f Yla a nd M ul e wit h t ha ir s a id s p e rt ine nt s ly a nd fra t h e s a id N e ss t o t h e sou t h a nd t h e I l e s o f T h a ir
is
l
a so
a ne
N e ss
p a s sa nd
so
ut h we s t
fra t h e
,
,
.
,
.
,
L e wi s
a nd
,
S ky t o t h e
n o rt
h
.
fi fi fi APPEN D
Th e
se a c u
rs
mm is
t
c a lli t
I le
al
L e wis is
IX
I II
j
c o n o y ni t
m a i s t b e t wi x t h a m e ,
49
.
wit h Ha rr e ik , b ut t h e
sa i fa nd a n e s
m a ll g r ip
of
t he
p air o f b ut t is quhilk narro w g rip i s h ald in T h e y a re t h e ma rc h b e t wi X t h e I l e s o f L e wis a n d He rre is b a it h 4 0 m il e s o f l e nt h q uh a iro f L e wis is 3 2 m il e s a nd He rre is T h e p a irt o f t h i s I le t ha t i s c a llit L e w is p e rt e ins t o 8 m il e s M c Clo y d L e wis His kin a re c a llit Cl a n L e o d a lia s c a llit S h e ill His T o rq u ill t h a t i s , t h e o ff spring o f t h a t m a n na m e t T o rqu ill ri nc ip a ll p l a c e t h a ir i s c a lli t t h e C a s t e ll o f S t e o rno a y a nd h e p m a y ra is e o n t hi s p a irt o f t h i s I le c a llit L e wi s 7 0 0 me n wit h Ro na by t h a m e t h a t l a b o u rs t h e g ro u nd o f t he q uhilkis na ne
l e nt h
t wa
of
t h ri e
or
,
.
,
,
.
,
.
'
.
,
,
,
,
a re
c
h a irg it
t h e b a ill I l e s, t h e g ro u n d
m i t i t t o g a ng t o o ny o i s t ing t p b u t a r e c o m ma nd it t o re m a ne a t er
or
or
w e iri s in
hame
a ll
l ab o ur
to
.
v e ry p ro t abl e a nd fe rt ile a ls we ll o f c o rns a s a ll ki n d o f b e s t ia ll wild fo wl a n d fi sh e s a nd s p e c i a llie 2 0 1 8 or a t t he o f b e ir su a t h a t t h a i r will g ro w c o m m o nl ie l e ist 1 6 b o ll s b e ir y e irlie e ft ir ilk b o lls sa wing I t is 4 0 l b la nd o f a uld e x t e nt a nd p a y i s y e irli e 1 8 s c o re c h a ld e rs o f v i c t ua ll 5 8 T his
I le
L e wis
of
is
,
,
,
,
.
.
,
k y, 32
of
s c o re
sc o re
of
we d d e ris ,
a nd
a ne
qua nt it ie o f C ui d ic h ie s, t h a t i s , g
re a t
h e s, p ul t rie , a n d q uh y t e pl a i d ing by t h a ir fe ist i ng t ha ir ma s t e r q uh e n h e pl e a se s t o c um i n t h e sc
a ne
t
h a ir
ni c
l a b o uring T h a ir
ht
or
t wa n ic h t is
a
b out
,
d ing
c u nt rie ,
t o t ha ir
a c c or
l a nd
i lk
a nd
.
s c h a ule
g re a t wa t e rs n o r rive rs i n t h is I le , b ut s ma ll b urni s q uh a irb y t h e s a l m o n d a nd u t h e r fi sh e s s wy mm ing
is
na
t h a irup o n will
pp e a r t wa p a ir t d ry fo r fa ul t o f wa t e r t o c o v e r t h a m e a nd a re S la ne wi t h t re is a n d b a s t o nni s a n d h e s na u t h ir T h a ir i s na wo o d s in t he Le wis c ra ft n o r i ng y ne t o sl a y t h a me b ut a ne g re a t wild e rne s o r fo re st c a llit Os irs d a ill q uh a irin is su s t e nit m o ny d e ir t h a irfo r i t is pl e a s a nt h unt ing I n t h is I le t h a ir i s a ne l it t l e C o v e b iggit i n fo rm o f a ne kirk I t i s sa l it t l e t h a t a ne m a n a nd i s c a llit t h e Pyg m i e s K irk m a y sc a irslie s t a nd up ric h t l ie in i t e ft ir h e is g a ne i n o n his kne is T ha ir i s s um o f t h e Pyg mie s b ane s t ha irint o a s y it o f t h e q uhilk i s t h e t hrie b a n e s b e ing m e a su rit i s n o t fullie t wa i nc h e s l a ng T h e u t h e r p a ir t o f t h is I le c a llit Ha rra y is p e rt e ins t o M c Clo y d H arre is His k in a nd surna m e is c allit S h e all T o rmo y d t ha t is a
,
,
.
,
,
.
,
,
.
,
.
,
.
.
,
,
IX III
A PPEND
fi
.
t ha t ma n c a llit T o rmo y d a nd a l be i t t h is m a n M c C lo y d h e s l a nd is a s y e sh a ll h e ir h e ire ft ir a nd t h a t his prin c ip a ll pl ac e c a llit D unve a ne b e i n t he Ile o f S k g y y i t h e i s s t yl it He m a y ra ise s e v e n s c o r e o f a bl e me n b e t h i s l le o f He rre is T his Ile o f H e rrie s is a l so fe r t ile c o mmo d iou s a nd p ro t a bl e i n Offs
t he
pring
of
,
,
,
,
.
.
,
a ll
e
is
b urnis in
ffe ira nd t o t h e q ua nt it ie t h a iro f a s t h e I le o f L e wis na t h e r wo o d s , g re a t wa t e rs , n o r r iv e r s t h a irin, b u t sm a ll
s o rt s
T h a ir
,
.
i n t h e I le
as
l ying
s a
of
of
L e wis ,
fi sh e s
t he
a nd
a nd sa
p e o pl e
t he
lmo nd t ha t
cu
t h a iro f
mm i s
a s u n sk ilfull
t h a ir ne ig
as
h
b o urs a re T h air is a ne fa ir fo rre st c a lle d Ot t e risd a ill in t h is I le quh a irin i s mo ny d e e r a nd t h a irt h ro w p l e a sa nd hu nt ing a lb e it i t b e b u t T his Ile p a y is 3 b oll s ma l t a nd 3 2 0 m e rk l a n d o f a uld e x t e nt b o ll s m e ill fo r ilk d ay in t h e y e ir 4 0 m a irt is a nd e igh t sc o re we d d e ris by c u st o m s p ul t rie m e ill wi t h c is t s ilv e r T h e I le o f VV i s t is 4 0 mil e s o f l e ng t h b ut o f s mall b re i d a nd t h e n o rt h p a irt t h a iro f p e rt e in s t o a n e c l a n c a lli t C la nd o n e ill The b a ill i s r e k nit t o t h e s o u t h p a ir t t h a iro f t o C la n Ra na ld b e se v e n s c o r e m e rk l a nd quh a iro f t h e Cl a n D o ne ill h e s t h re e Th e s c o re m e rk l a nd a nd t h e C l a n B a na l d fo u rs c o re m e rk l a nd Cl a n D o ne ill o n t h a ir p a irt t ha iro f w ill ra is e 3 0 0 m e n a nd t h e T h a ir Cl a n Ra na ld o n t h a i r p a irt t h a iro f w i ll ra is e 30 0 m e n is n a w o o d s no r gre a t r iv e r s i n it b ut t h a ir is m o ny d e ir in i t I lk m e rk l a nd i n t h is Ile p a yis 2 0 b o ll s vic t u a ll by a ll u t h e r m a ill s a n d o i st s ilv e r q uh a iro f t h a ir i s na c e rt a ne c us t o me s T h e c u s t om e s o f t h is I le a re s p l e nd it a nd p ay it a t t h e re nt a ll La n d sl ord i s c u mming t o t h e I le t o hi s C ud ic h t His surna me Th e I l e o f Barra p e rt e in s t o M c Ne ill Ba rra His p ri nc ip a ll d we lling pl a c e t h a ir a nd kin a re c a llit C l a n Ne ill i s c a llit K e i s sa d ull q uh ilk is a ne e x c e ll e nt s t re nt h fo r i t s t a nd is o n t h e se a si d e u n d e r a n e g re a t c ra ig su a t h a t t h e c ra ig c um mis o v e r i t a nd n a p a ss a g e t o t h e pl a c e but b e t h e se a q u h a iro f t h e c ut rie i s na rro w b ut t h a t a n e s c h e ip ma y p a ss t h r o w a n d wi t hi n t h a t e n t r e s is a n r o u n d h e av in a nd d e fe n c e fo r s c hip p is fro m a ll T h is Ile is ve mil e s o f l e nt h o r t ha irb y a nd is 2 0 lb t e mp e st is l a nd a nd m a y r a ise on t his Ile w it h fo ur o r ve small I le s t ha t I t e m in t h is Ile i s a ne w e ill h e h e s b e si d e i t 2 0 0 gud e m e n h i rin g ro wi s c o c kl e s q u hilk i s a t t h e fut e o f a ne h ill c a llit u a q t h e H ill o f Barr a t wa m il e fra t h e s e a .
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
.
,
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
,
,
,
fifi ,
.
.
.
-
.
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
.
.
fi fi A PPEND
Ro na
2
B e rne ra ) L e wis i s (
M c Cloy d Le wi s,
to
fe rt il e na
ut h e r
a ll
t t h a ir
e it t is
he s , b ut
I le
fo u r mil e
l a nd
l o ng
rt e i n i n e p
g
I t p a y is 1 2 0 a nd m a illi s I t is
c us t o m e s
es ud g
43
.
of
i t i s 8 0 m e rk
.
.
a nd
b o lls ve ric sa l t is
q u h y t e s c h e s , b ut s t a ik ing a n d c a s t i s t h e r e s t o n t h e
c orn s a nd s ore o f
of
sc
by
y e irly
vic t u a ll
a nd
a ne
I X I II
l and a nd will ra is e 6 0 me n Pa bb a i s a ne lit t l e I le a ne m ile l a ng I t p e rt e ins t o M c Clo y d He re ik a nd a lb e it it b e b ut t wa m e rk l a nd it p ayis y e irlie 6 0 b ollis vi c t u a ll a nd will ra is e 4 0 gud e m e n t o t he we iris Be r 3 ne r a R n a i s a n e u t h e r l i t t l e Ile o f t h e lyk q u a n t it ie a n d o ( pay ) .
,
.
,
,
,
.
m e nt , p e rt e ining t o M c Clo y d He re ik He lsk e r is a ne gud e , c o mm o d iou s , .
de s
gu
m e rk
fi
lb e it i t b e l a nd o f a uld e x t e n t it p ayis a s o f c o rn s
fo r
a
,
fe rt il e I le ,
a nd
b ut
m il e
ane
l
a s we i
l a ng
ll
a nd
of
a ne
y e irli e t o t h e m o n ast e rie o f 6 0 b o llis vi c t ua ll by u t h e r
C o lm k ill t o q uh o m i t a pp e rt e in s , c us t o m e s I t i s p osse ss t e vir by a ne g e nt ill m a n o f t h e C l a n d on a ld T h a ir is na t h e r m oss no r wo o d s in t his I le , b ut a ll ,
.
.
m a nuri t
a ra
bl e la nd
C o ls m o n i s b u t
m e k e ll wa is t
.
b re i d
,
a ne
l it t l e
rai s e
I le
20
or
24 me n
.
qu art e r m ile la ng a nd a ls n o r m a n urit l a n d b u t ly e s
o f a ne
q uh a i rin is n a inh a bi t e M o ny s c h e s r e so rt is a n d h a nt is t h a irt o ,
sa
me ;
wha i s
ane
wit h in t h e
Wy ist
I t will
.
a nd of
ma n
t h e p rin c ip all
t h e C la n d o ne ill
(
a s sa i
of
d
,
an
d
t h e n o rt
is) ,
g
h
e ne ri s
e nd
p a ss e s wit h
of
a ne
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t h a i wa ld o ny wa y A ne s i n t h e y e ir a ne Pr ie s t o r M inist e r m ak e l a b o u r t h a irfo re c umm i s t o t h a m e a nd b a p t i z e s a ll t h e b a irn is b o rn a m a ng i s t h a m e s in hi s l a s t b e i ng t h a i r a nd c e le b ra t t is m a rria g e t o t h e p a r t e i s d e sy ra nd a nd m a k e s s ic u t h e r m i ni s t ra t io n o f t he s a c ra m e n t s t o t h a me a s h e t hink is gu d e a n d g i s t h a m e S ic d ire c t io unis a s he will s t h a me t o u s e a nd k e ip fo r a ne y e ir t ha ire ft e r a nd g a d d e ris p aym e nt o f t ha ir t e ind s (quh ilk t h a i p a y m aist t h a nkfullie a nd u st l ie o f o ny p e o pl e ) a nd d e p a rt s q uh i ll t h e ne x t y e ir a g a me j I n all t ime s t h a i s ust e ni t a n e a uld p rie s t o r c l e rk c o nt inua llie a m a ng is t h a m e t o s h a w a n d t e ll t o t h a m e t h e h al ie d a y i s t o b e m ic h t
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p ayis y e irlie ilk me rk la n d t ha iro f t wa b o llis m e ill t wa b o llis m a l t fo ur m a irt i s 1 6 we d d e ri s 1 6 d o z e n o f p ult ri e t wa me rk s by t h e a uld m a ill s a nd ut h e ris d e wt e i s a c c us t o m a t T h a ir wa s an e c a st e ll in T ro ut e rne s c a llit D unc o lme n q uh a iro f t h e wa ll is s t a ndi s y it S l a it i s o c c up ie t for t h e m a is t p a irt b e g e nt l e m e n t ha irfo re i t p a yis b u t t h e a uld d e u t e is t h a t i s o f vic t ua ll b u t t ir c h e is wyn e a ill a n d a qu a vi t e s a m e kle a s t h a ir ma i s t e r ma y b e a bl e t o s p e nd b e ing a n e n ic h t (alb e it h e we re 6 0 0 m e n i n c o mp a nie ) Th e re i s t wa s t re nt hi e c a st e lls in S l a it t he o n ilk m e rk l a n d T ro u t e rn e s a n e c all it C a st e ll C h a mm e s t h e u t h e r D u nsk e i t h A n e p a irt o f t his Ile will r a is e 5 0 0 m e n a nd Sla it 7 0 0 m e n o f S k y c a lli t S t ra t h va rd e ill p e rt e n is t o a ne La ird c a l lit M c Ky nvin v i e n t o h im b e M e C o nne i ll fo r t o b e j ud g e a nd d e c i d e a ll qu e s g t io nni s a nd d e b a it t s t h a t h a pp e nis t o fa ll b e t wi n p a irt ie s t hro w pl aying a t c a irt is o r dy c e o r sic u t h e r pa st ime a nd will ra ise M c Ky nvin h e s a c as t e ll t h a ir c a lli t D e wna k in a u c h t s c o re m e n M c C lo y d L e wis h e s 2 0 m e rk l a nd i n t hi s I le c allit Wa t t e rne s T rou t e rne s
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A ng u s
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t he ir c a pit a ne fl e d t o a ne o f t h e sa id i s t ha ir wiv e s b a ir nis a nd g e ir quha iro f M c Clo y d He rre ik b e ing a d ve rt i si t l a nd it wi t h a n e r e a t a rmi e i n t h e sa i d Ile a n d c a m e g re t h a i rt o a nd s mo rit t h e h a ill p e o pl e t h a irin t o t h e c o v e a nd p a t t o t h e nu mb e r o f 39 5 p e rs o ne s m e n wy fe a n d b a irnis ,
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I II
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A PPEND I
Ro mb i s
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I II
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t ha t i t
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m o ny
u st e nt a t io n t ha iro f t h e s a me is p e rmi t t it u nla b o urit e x c e p t t wa t o wnis I t i s t h rie m il e s o f l e nt h a nd a lsm e kle o f b re id a nd a ll h ill is a nd wa i s t gl e nnis a nd c o mm o d io u s o nly fo r h unt ing o f d e ir I t p e rt e inis he re t a blie t o a ne Ba rro n c a llit t h e L a ird o f C h a ll o w (C o ll) q uh a is o f M c C la ne s k i n b ut i s p o s s e s t I t i s t e n m e rk l a nd a nd a nd i n t h e h a nd is o f C l a n Ra nna ld w ill r a is e 6 or 7 me n T his I le i s g ud e b a it h fo r c o rn a nd a ll k ind o f C a nna b e s t ia ll I t p e rt e ins t o t he Bisc h o p o f t h e I l e s b ut t h e sa i d I t i s t h rie m il e l a ng a nd C l a n Ra nna ld h e s it in p o ss e s s io un a ne b ra i d I t is six m e rk l a nd a nd w ill ra is e 2 0 m e n I n t hi s I l e i s a ne he ic h c ra ig c a lli t C o rig na n w e ill b ra i d o n t he h e i c h t t h ai ro f a nd b ut a ne s t ra i t p a ss a g e t h a t m e n ma y sc a i rslie c l imb t o t h e h e i d o f t h e c ra ig a nd q uha n t h e c un t ri e i s inva dit t h e p e o pl e g a d d e ris t h a ir wiv e s a n d g e ir t o t h e h e id o f t h e c ra ig a nd d e fe nd t h a me s e l s u t h e rway is t h e b e s t t ha y ma y a nd will no t p a ss t o t h e c ra ig b e c au s e i t m ay n o t b e l a ng k e e p it c ulic fo r fa ult o f wa t e r E lla n na M uk is b u t a n e lit t l e I le o f a ne m il e la ng a nd h al f m il e b ra id I t p e rt e ins a l so t o t he fo irsa id Bisc h o p a nd is e ss t b e t h e L a ird o f A rd i nm wrth e c a lli t M a k e n I o ss t i s fo ur p m e rk l a nd a nd p ayis t o t he sa id L a ir d a nd his fa c t o rs a u c h t sc o re b o ll is v i c t u a ll q uh a iro f fo u r s c o re t o t h e B i s c h o p a nd fo ur s c o r e t o t h e La ird I t will ra ise t o t h e we iris 1 6 a bl e m e n S c a lp a is fo ur m e rk l a n d p e rt e ining h e rit a b l ie t o M c Cla n e s t hrie m il e l a n i t hi I t i v m l e n o b e M c C o nne i ll t w a m i e g g b ra id m a ir fe rt il e a nd c o m m o d io u s fo r d e ir a nd hunt ing nor it I t will ra is e 2 0 me n is a t h e r for c o rns o r s t o re M ul e T his I le is 2 4 m ile o f l e nt h a nd in sum p a irt is 1 6 m il e bra i d a nd i n ut h e r p a irt is t h a iro f b ut 1 2 mil e b ra id I t is a nd will ra is e 9 0 0 m e n t o t h e we i ris a l l 3 0 0 m e rk l a nd M c Cla ne D o wa rd c a lli t G re a t M c Cla ne h e s t h e ma i st pa ir t t ha iro f e x t e nd ing t o a u c h t s c o re m e rk l a n d a nd t e n a n d will ra i s e o n i t wi t h t h e p a irt h e h e s o f t h e B is c h o p 6 0 0 m e n t h a ir up o n M c Clane o f Lo c hb uy h e s t hrie s c o re m e rk l a nd a nd will Th e Bisc h o p h e s 3 0 m e rk l a n d t h a ir ra is e 2 0 0 m e n t h a iro n b u t M c Cla ne D o wa rd h e s it in his p o s s e ss io n o c c up ie t b e his k in Th e L a ird o f M c Ky nvin h e s 2 0 me rk l a nd a nd t he ut hir 2 0 d e ir
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A PPEND
m e rk ra i s e
IX
I II
.
la nd
fi
p e rt e nis t o t h e La ird o f S c h e ll o w (C o ll ) b ut t h a y w ill T ha ir i s m o ny w o o d s a nd s alt wa t e r lo c his in 1 0 0 t h a iro n .
h is Ile a nd i t i s v e ric ple nt iful] o f h e rn a n d s a l m o n d I t i s n a l e s s t
,
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a ll co
kin d
of
s c h e s , S p e c ia l li e
mm o d io us fo r g uid e s
a nd
r e ma n e nt I l e s b ut no t s a gud e fo r c o rne s I n e ve rie p a irt t ha iro f a re mo ny d e iris ra e s a nd w ild fo ullis M c Cla ne o f D o wa r d h e s t wa c a s t e llis i n t h is I le t h e a n e na m e d D o wa rd t he u t h e r c a llit A ros s q uhilk s umt im e p e rt e init t o M c Cla n e o f L o c hb uy h e s a ne c ast e ll t ha irint ill M c C o nne ill I lk m e rk la n d i n t h is I le p ay i s c a lli t t h e C a s t e ll o f L o c hinb uy y e irlie 5 b o ll is b e ir 8 b o ll is m e ill 2 0 s t a ne s o f c h e e s e 4 s t a ne s o f b u t t ir 4 m a irt i s 8 we d d e ris t wa me rk o f silve r a n d t wa d o z e n o f p ul t rie by C ud d ic h e q uh a ne vir t h a ir ma s t e r c ummis t he
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u c h t mil e l a ng l a irg e a nd t wa m il e br e id I t i s 8 0 m e rk l a nd o f a uld a nd p e rt e nit sumt ime t o Mc C o nne ill b u t no w t o m y Lo rd A rgil e t he t wa p a irt t ha iro f M c C o wl e a n d t h e t h ird p a i rt t ha iro f t o t h e La ird o f G le nurq uh i r o f L o rn h e s t h e s t e wa rd s h ip o f t h e h a ill I le a n d m a n re n t t ha i ro f I t i s v e ry fe rt il e a nd will ra i s e t h a iro n t o o ny w e ir 1 0 0 m e n fo r a ll k in d o f c o rns a nd sp e c ia llie fo r b e ir a nd will g ro w a l sm e kl e e ft ir a ne b o ll s a wi ng a s i n t h e L e wi s o r o ny p a irt t h a ir wit h l e s s g ud e ing o r l a b o ur ; fo r i n m o ny p a ir t is t ha i ro f a re re a t m o s se s a nd t h a y wi l l c ast a n e fo wss i e o r s t a nk t h r o w t h e g a ne p a irt o f t h e m os s q uh a irb y t h e wa t e r m a y e a s ie r p a s s a wa y a nd t e illis sy ne t h e r e m a n e nt o f t h e m o s s s a fa r a t t h e l e is t a s b e c umi s d ry b e v e rt u e o f t h e fo wssi e c a s t in a n d t a kis i t t h a t t h a i c a st o ut o f t h e fo ws sie a nd gu id is t h e t e illit e a rt h t h a irwi t h a nd t h a i ro n will g ro w t h e b e s t b e ir i n t h e I l e s o f s ic q u a nt i t i e t h a t I t h ink s h a m e t o w rit e i t a lb e i t t h a t I h a v e h o ne s t a u t h o rs I t i s pl a n e l a nd wit h o u t o ny wo o d is o r t o a fli rm t h e sa m e hillis b ut a ll ma nu rit l a nd a nd m o ss I t is c o mm o dio us a ls o fo r no l t a nd h o rs e s b ut b e s t fo r c o rne s I t i s g ud e fo r s a l t wa t e r I t h a s na se t re nt a ll o f d e wt ie b e c au se i t s c h e s a nd na u t h e r is e ve rie y e ir a lt e rit o r s e t T h a ir is t wa c a st e llis t h a irin upo n t h e p a irt p e rt e i ning t o m y L o r d A rg il e a n e c a llit D u nn a g a ill b ut it i s n o t ma nt e nit a lb e i t i t we s o f a u ld a ne g re a t s t re nt h for sa l t wa t e r s c h e s a n e u t h e r c a lli t t h e c a st e ll o f A u c h ind e wne up o n t h e we st sid e t ha iro f a ne nt t h e Mul e q uhilk we s b iggit b e L i s m o ir i s
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A PP END
Bis c h o p
a ne
p a irt
of
mant e nit
II I
On t he
ll e s a ne a uld
c a s t ill
c a llit
Hwna y i s
t he
t h a iro f we s
IX
.
.
ut he r
c a llit
L a ird G le nurquhir t s
Be a l wo t ha r b ut i s
no t
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T h e t wa I l e s
t he
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t he
t h a iro f
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a nd
m a is t
k insma n o f t he s a id M c C o ule o f Lo rn I t is t wa mil e l a ng a nd a ne b ra id a ne pl a ne l a n d b u t o ny h ill s b ut a ll a ra bl e l a nd m o ss a nd b irk in w o o d qu ha irt hro w i t i s o nlie The u t h e r it is 8 m e rk l a nd gud e fo r c o r n nol t a nd h o rs e i n i t i s a ne mil e l a n r t i J H p i n A pp w e e n s o a r t o f o t o h n S t e p g( g ) Th e s a i d J o h n a nd h a l f mil e bra i d ; i t is fo u r m e rk l a nd S t e wa rt h e s i t a ll u nd e r m ayne s a nd qub a n h e s e t t is t h e s a m e i t p ayis s ix sc o re b o ll is vic t ua ll by a ll u t h e r d e wt ie s Ba it h t hi r I l e s will r a is e t hre e s c ore m e n U llo wa y i s a ne I le t wa mil e l a ng a ne m il e br a i d I t is t we lf me rk l a n d p e rt e ining t o M c C o we r (M c Q ua rrie ) I t is pla ne la n d b u t o ny hill is o r wo o d is a nd will ra is e t hrie sc o re me n I lk m e rk l a nd p ayis c o nfo rm t o t h e I le o f M ul e C o a ma t ra is a ne I le o f a ne m il e l a ng c o nt e ina nd b ut t wa I t i s fo ur m e rk l a nd a nd p e rt e ni s t o M c Cla ne o f D o wa rt t o wns i t i s pl a ne fa ir a n d v e ric c o mmo d io u s fo r c o r ns a nd c a t e ll o f s a mc kle I t p a yi s y e irlie a s M ul e p ayis I t w ill ra ise 1 6 o r 20 p e rt e nis
to
a ne
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me n
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I n c hk e nn e t h i s ( )
I nsc h e ny c h t
I le p e rt e ining t o t h e said M c Cla n e , o f a lyk e l e nt h , h a l d i ng p ayme nt a nd c ommo d i t ie s in a ll so r t is a s t h e sa i d Ile o f C o a ma t ra
fi a ne
.
S a nc t C o lm s
l nc h e (Io na ) is a ne I le a ne m il e l ang l a rg e ha l f mil e b ra id b u t is 3 0 me rk l an d I n t h i s I le is t h e Bis c h o p o f t h e I l e s p rinc ip a ll d we ll ing pla c e s T h a ir is t wa re ligiou s pl a c e s a n e t ha iro f fo r m o nk i s a ne u t h e r fo r nun ne s I n t h is Ile i s t h e s e pul c h r e o f a ll t h e k i ngi s o f S c o t l a n d o f a uld I t i s v e ric c o m m o d io us fo r c o rns a nd c a t e ll b ut n a w o o d is no r m o sse s qub a ir t h ro w t h a i a re sc a nt o f re b ut t h a t t h a t c umm i s t o t h a m e furt h o f o t h e r I l e s b e se a I n t his are a ll t h e G e nt l e m e n o f t h e I l e s ,
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b ury it
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a ne
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of
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of
l e nt h 4 m e rk l a nd
I t i s 30 m p a irt i s t h a iro f t h e La ir d o f C o ll o w q uh a i rin h e h e s
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A PPEND
h e s t h r e e wall s
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t h e t o we r a nd
fe rt il e
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of
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wi t h in t h e q uhilk t h e t ym e o f t ro ub lis o r we iris .
wo o d i s w i t h i n t h e of
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t h e I le
t he
Th a ir is sum I lk m e rk l a nd p a y is will ra ise se v e n sc o re
c a t e ll
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d Ile o f M ul e a nd sai
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ut t e r h a i ll gud e s I t is v e ry
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ll a nd t h a iro f bigg i t g ud e d e v i se s fo r d e fe nd ing o f
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fi fi fi I t p e rt e ni s It M c C o nn e ill
t o t h e we iri s 3 0 0 m e n
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D o ward , g e vin t o him b e a ll t y m e s M c C o n ne l ls i rn e ll i t i s f o r g of
.
a ll
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i rs b u t l e y l a n d, h rs o f n i u ilk i s i u r i s c h a d n m a s t q g g qu h a irt h ro w t h e k y o f t his I le a bun d is sa o f m ilk t h a t
he r
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m ilk it fo u r t im e s i n t h e d a y T h e y e irlie d e wt ie t h a iro f re a t o f vi c t ua ll, b u t t ir, c h e is m a i rt is we d d e ris , a n d o t h e r g
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ir is c ra ve t b e t h a ir p a y , b ut o b e y is a nd p a y is q uh a t e v fo r t h a ir h a ill d e u t i e s , o nly t o t a k s a m o ny rl o t t s a s
h o uld
t ha i s
m a i st e r
t h a iro f q uh a t ,
d sid e b e s id e ro u nd a b ou t t h e h a ill Ile full o f vic t ua ll h alf m e ill h a l f b e ir a n d i t we s re fus e i t I t is 1 8 I la i s a ne I le o f 2 4 m il e l a ng a nd t we nt y m ile b ra id M c C la ne o f D o ward s c o re m e rk l a n d a nd will ra ise 8 0 0 me n h e s t h e h a l f t h a iro f a n d t h e o t h e r h a l f p e rt e nis t o a n e Of t h e T h is Ile is pl e nt e o u s C la n D o n ald c u m o f M c Co nne ills h o use I t is o f wo o d is quh a i rin a r e m o ny d e ir ra e s a nd wild fo ullis s c h e s a n d s e c i a llie sa l m o n d a l so c o m m o d i o u s fo r a ll k i nd s o f p b e re a s o n o f d ive rse riv e rs ry n na n d t hro w t h e s a m e q u h a iri n s wy m e s n o t o nly m o ny sa lm o n d b u t i n a ll t h e s m a ll b urni s o f t h is I le a re mul t ip ill o f sa lm o nd a nd o t h e r s c h e s M c Cla n e h e s a ne s t re nt h i e c a s t e ll t h a irin q uhilk s t a n d i s in a ne n ic h e wit h i n — t h e u t h e r c a s t e ll p e r a n e fre s c h e wa t e r l o c h c a ll it L o c hg o r m e n I lk m e rk l a n d t e nis t o t h e C la nd d o na ld i t i s c a lli t D o wn e rie i n t h is I le p a yis y e irlie t h re e m a i rt is a nd a ne h a l f 1 4 w e d d e ri s 2 g e is 4 d o z e n a n d 8 p ul t rie 5 b o ll is m al t w it h a ne p e c k t o m ic h t
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A PP END
IX
Il l
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b o ll is m e ill 2 0 st a ne o f c h e is a nd t wa me rk o f s il ve r A nd ilk m e rk l a n d m a n s us t e i n d a y l ie a nd y e i rlie a ne g e nt l e ma n i n m e it a nd c l a it h q uh ilk d o is na l a b our b ut is h ald in a s a ne o f t h e ir m a is t e rs h o u se h o ld m e n a nd m a n b e s us t e ni t a nd furne is i t i n a ll n e c e ssa r ie s b e t h e t e nne nt a nd h e ma n b e r e dd ic t o h is m a is t e rs se rv i c e a nd a d vis I lk t o wn in t h is I le is t wa m e rk l a n d a nd a n e h a l f a nd p a y is y e irli e o f G e rs u m a t Be l t a ne fo ur k y w it h c a l f fo ur z o wis wit h l a m b fo ur g e is ni ne h e nnis a nd 1 0 s o f S ilv e r Jura a lia s D e ura is 2 4 mil e la ng a nd 8 mil e bra id qub a ir i t i s b ra id e s t I t i s 3 0 m e rk l a n d T h e h a l f p a irt t h a iro f p e r t e nis t o t h e s a i d M c C la ne a nd t h e u t h e r h a l f t o t h e Cla n D o nald T h e h a ill w ill r a is e wit h t h e I le o f S c a rb a (q uhilk i s b a it h b ut a ne p a ro c h in 0 n 1 0 m e a m e h l e a s i s l ab o uri t a n d t e illit o f S ) t his I le is e x c e ll e nt l a n d a n d ve rie fe r t il e fo r c o r ns ; b ut i t is for t h e m a is t p a irt wil d e rn e s a nd wo o d is q uh a irin i s m o ny d e ir ra e s a nd o t h e r wild b e is t iS q uh a ir t h ro w t h a i r is b e t t e r h u nt ing S a m e kl e la b o urit l a n d a s i s in i n t h i s I l e n o r o n y o f t h e r e st t his I le i t p ay is a l ik e t o I la o f d e wt ie s C o ll o nsa a nd Ora nd s ay a re b a it h a n e Ile e x c e pt t h a t t h e full se a o f t h e fl wd e fl o wis in b e t wix t ha m e C o llo ns a i s 1 8 m il e o f l e nt h a nd ve m il e b ra id I t i s 30 me rk l a nd a nd p e rt e nis t o t h e L a i rd t h a iro f c a lli t M a k a s ie (M ac duffy ) a n e d e p e nd a r o n t h e Ora nd sa y i s b u t a n e m il e o f l e nt h a nd a l sm e kl e C la n D o na ld I t i s 4 m e rk la n d q uha irin I s b ut a n e t o wn q uh ilk is o f br e id a n a bb a y pl a c e d e d i c a t t o S t C o lumb i t p e rt e ni s t o t h e Bis c h op T hir t wa I l e s will ra ise 1 0 0 m e n a nd pa yis a c c o rd o f t h e I le s Na wo o d i s no r wild e rne s i s i n t h ir I sl e s ing t o t h e Ile o f I la b ut a ll t e illit l a n d S e ill i s a ne I le o f 5 m il e la ng t hrie m il e b ra id a n d i s t h r e e I t p e rt e ni s t o t h e E a rl e o f A rgil e a nd will r a i se sc o re m e rk l a n d I t i s a ll pl a n e m a nuri t l a nd b ut o ny t h a iro n S ix sc o re m e n w ild e rne s o r wo o d is q uh a irb y i t i s v e ric fe r t il e o f s t o re a nd c o rns a n d p a y i s z e irlie c o n fo rm a s we h a v e s p o k e n b e fo r e o f t h e i lk
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I le
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lit t l e Ile t h rie m ile la ng t wa myl o braid a nd I t p e rt e ns h e rit a b lie t o my Lo rd A rg il e i s fo u rt y m e rk l a nd T h is b u t M c C la n e D o wa rd h e s it o f m y L o rd A rg il e for se rvic e I le p ayis z e i rlie o f ma irt is a n d fe rme a s L i sm o ir a n d S e ill p ayis I t is S c arb a i s a ne Ile t hri e m il e l a ng a nd t wa mil e b re id L o y ng i s
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fi fi fi fi IX
A PPEND
II I
.
4 39
l a nd a nd p e rt e nis t o M c Cla ne o f Lo c hb uy i n h e rit a g e I t i s a ll wo o d is a n d c ra ig i s e x c e p t t wa t e nni s a nd t h a irfo re i t i s b e t t e r fo r su s t e nt a t io n o f b e s t iall no r fo r c o rn e s I t p ayi s z e irlie sa m e kl e a s i s la b o u ri t t h a iro f a s t h e re m a ne n t I l e s p a y is a n d will ra ise 1 7 m e n G e i z a (G igh a ) is a n e I le o f ve m ile l a ng t wa m il e b ra id I t is a n d i s 3 0 m e rk l a n d ; i t p e rt e nis t o t h e C l a n D o na ld v e ry pla ne pro t a ble a nd fe rt il e l and fo r a ll k ind o f c o rn s b ut a nd i lk m e rkla n d t h a ir o f p a y i s a s a ny w o o d i s h ill is o r c ra ig is I la payis e x c e p t in m a irt is a n d we d d e ri s b e c au se i t is n o t g u d e I t will ra i s e 1 0 0 m e n fo r s t o re Ra u c hly nne i s a n I le v e m il e l a ng t h rie o r fo u r mil e b ra id i t i s 3 0 m e rk l a n d I t p e rt e nis t o t h e C l a n D o na ld a nd i s b ut fo ur m ile o f s e a fra I rl a nd I t i s fa i r fe rt il e a n d p ro fi t a bl e b a it h fo r g i rs a n d c o rn wit h s um g re ne h illis i n i t a nd na wo o d i s 4 m e rk
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n o r c ra i is g
Tha irfo re t h a ir
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u e t ud e
c o ns
m e it t
a nd
hat
z e irl ie
d e wt ie i s
m to
c o n fo r
us e a nd
I re l a nd , quh ilk i s t o s ust e i n a ne nu m b e r o f m e n i n a n d p ay i s a n e c e r t a ne q ua nt i t ie o f a ll k in d o f t h ing
of
e,
ro wi s a g
m a ng is t ha m e
s um
t a x a t i o ns
ra i se
1 0 0 me n
ane s
i n t h e y e ir t o t h a ir m a is t e r, a nd h a pp e ns t o h a v e a d o a nd m a y
t h a ir m a i s t e r T ha ir i s a ne a uld
as .
t h e A uld C a st e ll
,
c a st e
ll v e ric
s t re nt h ie , c a lli t
,
.
i s t wa I l e s t h a t p e rt e nis t o t hi r s a id s fo ur Il e s n a m e d A rra n i s 2 4 m il e s l a ng , 1 2 a nd 8 m il e s a nd Bo yd (Bu t e )
T h a ir A rr a n
in
s um
.
p
a irt i s
b ra id
,
a nd
is 3 0 0 m e rk
Ha m ilt o un q uh a ir in is t wa
l a nd
,
p
e r t e i n i ng
t o m y L o rd
lls A rra n w ill ra i se 1 0 0 m e n Bo yd is a uc ht m il e l a ng fo u r m il e b ra i d q uh a irin s t a nd s a ne I t will ra i s e 30 0 m e n a nd i s gre a t Bu rro ws t o wn c a llit Ro sa o f n a l e s s c o mm o d it i e a n d p ro fi t n o r A rra n T hir h a ill I l e s a b o ve writ t e n g if t ha i we re 0 11 a ne e nd a re m il e s o f fo u rt e e n sc o r e a nd t we lv e m il e o f l e nt h a n d b re id T h e c omm o n a c c us t o ma t o f ra isin g o f t h a ir m e n i s 6 0 0 0 m e n quh a iro f t h e 3 d p a irt e x t e nd ing t o 2 0 0 0 me n a uc h t a n d s o ul d b e c l e d wi t h a t t o un e s a nd h a b e rc h o unis a n d k na p sha l b a nne t t s a s t h a ir l a w is b e ir A n d i n ra i sing o r fur t hb ring ing ,
c a st e
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or
we iri s ,
g ro u n d a r e p e r mi t t i t t o s t e ir fu rt h o f t h e t h a ir m a i st e r ha v e a d o , e x c e p t o nly g e nt l e m e n
t he
c u nt ri e
u h a t e v i r q
q uh ilk
la b o uris
no t ,
tha t
t he
l a b o ur b e l o ng ing
t o t he
t e il ing
A PPEND
g ro u nd u nd o ne , a lb e it t he
of
I X I II
.
wy n ning o f t h a ir c o r ns ma y t h a i byd e furt h a ne ha ill z e ir, a s
a nd
l e ft
be
no t
it
o ft t im e s
h a pp ins q uh e n o ny o f t h a ir p ar t ic ul a r I la nd s h e s t o d o wit h I rl a nd o r n e igh b o urs , t h a t t h e h a ill c unt rie m e n b id e s fur t h e n e m ie s a ne z e ir,
wa t c h ing t ha ir
hal f
a n e z e i r, o r
t h a irb y ,
t ha i
as
No t t h e le s t he g r o u nd i s no t t h e wa r l a b o urit n o r t h e o c c up ie rs t h a i ro f a re na t h e r m o le s t it , re q uirit t ro ub lit n o r e rm i t t it t o o f t h a i r a w i n c u nt rie a n d I l e qu b a i r p g a ng
pl e a se
.
,
,
,
t
h ay d we ll
.
Finis
.
N OT ES
T hi d i p tion m t h v b n 1 57 7 nd 1 59 5 w itt n b t w d t i m n tion d in n t h fo m l l ght f n t i n w ith t h f Egg by t h M t h i n h b it n t l o d n d Joh n S t w t f A pp i n d w h d i d i n 15 9 5 i m n tio l i v t t h ti m it w w itt n I t pp n f n ffi i l ll t h h p o t d w p o b bly i nt n d d 1
s
r
e
er
r
e
a
a
c ru e
,
e
e a
as a
r
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an
S au
ar
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as
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ac
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fo r t h e
u se o f
J
ame s
t h e Six
th
,
wh o
th n p e p a i n g to a tt m p t t h e n d in i m p o ve m n t o f t h e I s le c r a o y l e v nu f om th m th G go y s H is t o y of t he H ig h S wa s
r
e
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e
2
s,
e r
re
l a nd s
e
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se
ee
r
r
a nd
T he
a
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e
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r
I s la n d s ,
name s of
c
h
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Ron a
vi
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and
Be rn e ra
h v e b e n h e r m i s pl c d l ge r i l n d i o bv io u ly B a n d t h e s m a ll e Rona a
e
ar
s a
.
e
a
s
r
s
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e
.
T he e rn e ra ,
A PPEND IX I V
On t h e A
U T HEN T I C I T Y
have b e e n of
g ra nt e d
of
t he L
.
E TT E RS P A T ENT
by K ing WILLI A M
T HE
N
LI O
sa i
d
to
E A RL
t o t he
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T H I S d e e d wa s fir st m a d e k no wn by t h e l e a rne d a nt iqua ry J o h n S e ld e n wh o p rint e d it in his T it le s o f H o no r (p 7 0 0 ) t o illu s t ra t e h is re ma rk s up o n t h e t it le o f T h a ne I t is in t h e fo rm o f l e t t e rs p a t e nt a nd n o t o f a c h a rt e r a n d i s a dd re sse d by Willia m K ing o f S c o t s t o a ll b is ho p s e a rl s a bb o t s p rio rs b a ro ns k night s t ha ne s a nd p ro v o st s a nd a ll o t h e r g o o d m e n o f t h e wh o l e l a n d a s we l l c l e ric a s l a ic I t t h e n n a rra t e s t h a t M org und s o n o f G illo c h e r fo rm e rly E a rl o f M a rr h a d c om e b e fo re t h e king a t Hind h o p Burne m ut h e in h is n e w fo r e st o n t h e t e nt h d a y o f t h e c a l e nd s o f J u n e i n t h e y e a r o f g ra c e 1 1 7 1 d e ma nd i ng h is rig h t t o t h e wh o l e e a rld o m o f M a rr b e fo re t h e c o m m o n c o u nc il a nd a rm y o f t h e k i n d o m o f S c o t la n d t h e re g a ss e mbl e d : t h a t t h e k i n g h a d c a u se d i nquisit i o n t o b e m a d e int o h is c l a im by se v e ra l m e n w o rt h y o f c re d it wh o w e re b a ro n s a nd t h a n e s o f his k i ng d o m a n d wh o fo un d t h a t M o rgun d wa s t h e l a wful so n a n d h e ir o f t h e s a id Gillo c h e r E a rl o f M arr ; up o n wh i c h t h e k ing g ra nt e d a n d re s t o re d t o M o rgund t h e w h ol e e a rl d o m o f M a rr i n whi c h h is fa t h e r G ill o c h e r h a d d ie d v e s t a nd s e i z e d t o b e h e ld by t h e sa i d M o r un d a n d his h e ir s o f t h e k ing g a nd hi s h e i r s i n fe e a n d h e ri t a e h w i a ll p e r t in e nt s l ib e r t i e s t g a n d righ t s a s fre e ly qu ie t ly fully a n d h o no u ra bly a s a ny o t h e r e a rl i n t h e k in d o m o f S c o tl a n d r e n d e ring t o h i rs hi e h e a n d s g ; t h e k i ng a n d hi s h e irs t h e fo rinse c um se rvi c ium v i d e l i c e t s e r vi c ium S c o t i c a nu m a s his a n c e s t o rs h a d b e e n w o n t t o r e n d e r t o t h e k ing a n d his a nc e s t o rs F u rt h e r o n t h e s a m e d a y a n d a t t h e s a m e pl a c e a ft e r d o i ng h o m a e b e fo re t h e c o m m o n c ou n c il g o f t h e k i n d o m t h e s a i d M o r und d e m a n d e d t h a t ri h t s h o uld g g g b e d o ne h im fo r t h e wh o l e e a rld o m o f M o ra y i n wh i c h G illo c h e r ’
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A PPEND
IX IV
.
his fa t h e r h a d
d ie d v e s t a nd s e iz e d u p o n wh ic h p e t it io n inqu i s it i o n h a v i n n b e e m a d e by s e v e ra l m e n wo r t hy o f c r e d it wh o g we r e b a r o ns k nig h t s a nd t h a ne s o f t h e k i ng d o m t h e y fo u nd th a t M orgund wa s t he t r ue a nd l a wful h e ir o f t he e a rld o m o f Mo ra y a nd b e c a u se a t t h a t t im e t h e ki ng wa s e ng a g e d i n t h e he a vy wa r b e t we e n him a n d t h e E ngl ish a nd t h e me n o f M o ra y c o uld n o t b e subj e c t e d t o his will h e was u na bl e t o d o ju s t ic e t o M o rg und h e p r o mis e d t h a t wh e n h e c o uld t e r mina t e t h e war b e t we e n him a nd h is e ne mi e s a nd subjug a t e t h e r e b e l s o f M o ray he wo uld we ll a nd t ruly r e c o g ni se t h e righ t o f M o rg und a nd h i s h e irs t o t h e e a rld o m o f M o ra y A nd i n o rd e r t o c e rt io ra t e t o o t h e rs t h is d e e d t h e k ing g a v e t h e s e l e t t e rs p a t e nt t o t h e s a i d T h e y t h e n c o n c lud e wi t h t h e se w o rd s T e st e Mo rg und me ip so e o d e m a nno d ie e t l o c o s up ra d ic t o T h is is u nd oub t e dly a v e ry r e ma rk a bl e p r o du c t io n if I a nd S e ld e n a dd s g e nuine h a ve i t wri t i n p a rc hme nt in a h a nd o f t h e t ime wh e re in it i s d at e d b ut wit h o ut a ny s e a l t o i t I t i s re fe rre d t o by L o rd H a ile s in his a dd it i o na l c a se fo r t h e C o unt e ss o f S ut h e rl a nd wi t h o u t a ny d o ub t b e ing e x p re ss e d a s t o i t s a u t h e nt i c it y ; a n d no s usp i c i o n s e e m s t o h a v e a t t a c h e d t o i t t ill t h e l a t e G e o rg e C h a l m e rs a ssa il e d i t in 1 8 1 9 i n a p a p e r p rint e d i n t h e nin e t e e nt h v o lu me o f t h e A rc h ae ol o g ia (p I n t h is p a p e r h e p ro p o s e s t o S h ow t h a t t h is d o c u m e n t i s supp o si t it i o u s He s t a t e s his o bj e c t io ns t o i t u nd e r n in e h e a d s a n d c o n c lud e s t h a t S e ld e n h a d b e e n i mp o se d up o n w it h a s puri ou s d e e d His fi rs t o bj e c t i o n re l a t e s t o t h e o r t h o ra p h y o f t h e d o c u m e nt ; t h e s e c o nd t o t h e g fo r m ul a o f t h e a dd re s s t h e t h ird t o t h e h is t o ry o f t h e e arld o m ; t h e fo urt h t o t h e m inu t e ne s s o f t h e d a t e t h e fi ft h t o t h e re s e rve d t he s e rv i c e s ; t h e s ix t h t o t h e c l a im t o t h e e a rld o m o f M o r a y t h e e ig h t h t o s e v e nt h t o t h e a llu s io n t o t h e war wi t h E ngl a n d t h e fo rm o f l e t t e rs p a t e n t ; a nd t h e n in t h t o t h e wo r d s t e s t e m e ip s o w h ic h i s p e c ul ia r t o l e t t e rs p a t e n t a s d is t inguish e d fro m c h a rt e r s wh i c h a t t h i s p e ri o d i nv a ri a bly h a v e a l i s t o f wi t n e ss e s T h e fo r m t e st e m e ip s o fi rs t o c c u r s h e s a y s in 1 1 9 0 Pro fe ss o r C o sm o I nne s in his p re fa c e t o t h e fi rs t v o lume o f t he t o t his d o c u m e nt t he A c t s o f P a rl ia me n t a llud e s h o we v e r i s v e ry d o ub t ful a u t h e n t ic i t y o f wh i c h h e say s S e ld e n s a nd h e p ri nt s i t i n a n o t e wi t h t h e fo ll o wi ng r e m ark s a nd s o m e o f t h e r e a so ns a ut h o ri t y i s no t l i h t ly t o b e re j e c t e d g ,
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A PPEND
IX
IV
.
g a inst t h e g e nu in e ne ss o f t h is c h a r t e r , u rg e d by t h e l a t e M r ” “ C ha l m e rs i n a p a p e r in t he A rc h ae o l og ia fo u nd e d o n t h e sp e ll ing
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A PPEND
Palg ra v e
fo r S ir Fra nc is
l
t o t h e A ff a irs
IX IV
p r int s , i n h is
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D o c u me nt s
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p re se rve d i n t he Tr e a sury o f He r M aj e s t y s E x c h e qu e r a n a pp e a l p re pa re d i n t h e na me o f t h e s e v e n e a rl s o f S c o t l a nd a nd o f t h e c o m mu ni t y o f t h e r e a l m t o E d wa rd t he Firs t o f E ngla nd wh ic h c o nc lud e s wit h t h e foll o wing T h a t wh e n Willia m K i ng o f S c o t la nd re s t o re d m e mo ra ndu m t o M o rg un d s on o f G y l o c le ry t he p re d e c e s s o r o f t he L o rd D o ve na ld E a rl o f M a rr t h i s e a rld o m o f M a rr a c c o rd ing a s t he s a m e i s c o nt a i ne d i n a writ ing wh i c h D o ve na ld E a rl o f M a rr w a s wa n t in h r o sse sse s t e e p g t h e n t o t h e sa i d M o rgund a nd t h e re is s t ill wa nt ing t o t h e e a rl t h r e e h u nd re d p o u n d l a nd p a rt ly i n d om ain a nd p a r t ly in h o ld ings a nd m o re fo r wh ic h h e c l a im s t ha t righ t sh o uld b e d o ne him (Pa lg ra v e p Th e writ ing h e re re fe rre d t o s e e m s t o h a v e b e e n t his v e ry d e e d Th e fo urt h H i n h o p Burn e mut h e a nd fift h o bj e c t i o ns h a ve a l so n o w e i h t d g i s a h a m l e t o n t h e c o a st a b o u t ve o r s ix m il e s s o u t h o f Be r wic k a nd t h e re is n o im pr o b a b il i t y i n t h e re h a v in g b e e n a roya l fo r e s t t h e re whil e N o r t h u mb e rl a n d b e l o ng e d t o t h e S c o t t is h k ing Wit h re g a rd t o t h e s ix t h o bj e c t i o n t h a t t h e E a rl o f M a rr c o uld h av e n o c l a im t o t h e e a rld o m o f M o ra y t he d o c u me nt s p ri nt e d by S i r Fra n c is P a lg ra ve i n c o nn e c t io n wit h t h e c o mp e t it io n fo r t h e c ro wn d o sh o w t h a t t h e E a rl a t t h a t t i m e d id c l a im t o r e pr o s e nt t h e e a rld o m o f M o ra y fo r in t h e s a m e d o c um e n t D o ve na l d E a rl o f M a rr a pp e a l s i n na m e o f h i ms e l f a s o n e o f t h e s e v e n e a rl s o f S c o t l a n d a nd i n na me of t he r e m e n of M ora y a nd t h e e f o t h e r r e l a t i o ns c o n n e c t io n s a n d frie n d s o f t h e sa i d E a rl But wh ile I r e j e c t a ll t h e s e g ro u n d s o f o bj e c t io n a s n o t c o nc lu sive I a m o bl i e d t o a d mi t t h a t t h e s e v e n t h o bj e c t io n wh i c h re l a t e s t o g t h e a ll us i o n t o t h e wa r wit h E ng la nd a n d t o i n sur re c t io n i n Mo ra y i s fa t a l t o t h e a ut h e nt ic i t y o f t h e d e e d T h e wa r wit h E ngl a n d d id n o t c o mm e nc e t ill t wo y e a rs a ft e rwa rd s i n 1 1 7 3 a nd t h e i n su rre c t i o n i n M o ra y b ro k e o u t a ft e r t h e c a p t iv i t y o f t h e k i ng i n 1 1 7 4 a nd M o ra y c o n t in ue d i n a s t a t e o f r e b e ll io n fro m t h a t y e a r t ill 1 1 8 1 But du ring t h e firs t e igh t y e a rs o f K i ng Wi llia m s r e ig n h e wa s a t p e a c e wi t h E ngl a nd a nd t h e re wa s n o a pp e a ra nc e o f t h e ro y a l a u t h o rit y n o t h a ving b e e n re c o g U nfo rt una t e ly i t is during t his p e rio d t ha t t he ni s e d in M o ra y T h e n a s t o t h e l a s t t wo s upp o s e d l e t t e rs p a t e n t a re d a t e d o bj e c t i o n s whic h r e l a t e t o t h e fo r m o f t h e d e e d a s l e t t e rs pa t e n t re a t i n g
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A PPEN D I X an
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,
,
A PPEND
IX
IV
.
M a rr
r igh t b e l o ng ing t o t h e a fo re s a i d A l a n a nd t h e sa m e d o t h o c c upy t o t h e p re jud ic e o f hi m t h e sa id A l a n a nd t h a t M o rg und a nd D u nc a n d e c e a se d t o wh o m t h e sa id Will ia m ass e r t s h is s u c c e ss io n i n t h e s a id e a rld o m Willia m h o we ve r we re no t b e g o t t e n i n l a wful m a t rimo ny r e ma ine d in p o ss e ssio n a nd c e rt a inl y t h e pro du c t io n o f a c h a rt e r fi nd ing t h a t M o rg un d wa s t h e l a wful so n a nd h e ir o f h is fa t h e r a nd c o nt a ini ng a g ra n t o f t h e e a rld o m t o hi m a nd h is h e i rs w o uld b e m o s t o pp o rt u ne i n d e t e r mining t h i s qu e s t io n a nd if a u i e d e e d o f t h i s k ind d id n o t e x i s t pr o b a bly t h e e a rl would e n n g n e i t h e r h a v e m u c h d iffi c ulty n o r mu c h s c rupl e i n pr o du c ing o ne I f t h e l e t t e rs p a t e nt are a fo rg e ry I t h a t would p as s mu st e r t h ink it mu st h a v e b e e n ma nu fa c t ure d a b ou t t h is t im e a nd I a m A c h art e r by n o t sure t h a t w e h a v e fa r t o s e e k fo r t h e fo rg e r Will ia m E a rl o f M arr c o nfirmi ng a g ra nt by his g rand fa t h e r M o rg un d i n 1 2 6 7 i s wit ne s se d a mo ng o t h e rs by Ma g i st ro T h is M a s t e r Ri c ha rd V e y re m e nt wa s o ne Ric a rd o V e y re m e nt o f t h e c a n o n s o f S t A n d r e ws a nd I h a v e s h o wn i n t h e i n t ro d uc t ion t o Fo rd un s C h r o nic l e t h a t h e i s pro b a bly t h e a u t h o r o f H ist oria wh i c h e x ist e d in t h e G r e a t Re gis t e r o f S t A ndre ws a n o w l o s t ; a nd t h e v e ri t a bl e V e re m u nd us fro m wh o m H e c t o r His Bo e c e s a y s h e d e riv e d a gre a t p a r t o f his fa bul ou s h i st o ry c o nne c t i o n wit h W ill ia m E a rl o f M a rr a t t h is v e ry t im e a n d his w it n e ss ing a c h a rt e r c o nfi rm ing a gra nt by t h a t M org a nd w h o se l e gi t im a c y wa s c h all e ng e d c e r t a inly l e a d s t o t h e su sp i c i o n t ha t t h e c l e v e r ma nufa c t u re r o f t h e s e l e t t e rs p a t e nt wa s n o o t h e r t ha n t h e a rc h fo rg e r o f t h e spuriou s his t o ry o f S c o tl a nd a nd t h a t i f h e h a d n o t b e e n u nfo rt u na t e i n t h e s e l e c t i o n o f his d a t e i t m igh t e v e n n o w h a v e e s c a p e d d e t e c t io n T he fo ll o wi ng i s t h e t e x t o f t h e d o c u m e nt :
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VVil lie l mu s Re x S c o t orum uni ve rs is Ep is c op is C o mit ibus Abb a t ibu s Priorib u s Ba ro nib u s Milit ib us T ha nis e t Pra e p os it is e t o mnib us a liis nib u s t o t iu s t e rrae s u a e t a m c le ric is q ua m l a ic is s a l u t e m m i h o i s ro b p
S e ia t is p re s e nt e s e t fut uri M o rg und um liu m m in D o mino G ill o c he ri quo nd a m C o mit is d e M a rre in me a p rae se nt i a v e nis se a pud Hind ho p Burne mu t h e , in me a no v a fo re s t a d e c i mo k a l e nd a rum J unij A nno G ra t iae M C L XX I p e t e nd o j us s uum d e tot o C o mit a t u d e M arre , c o ra m c o mmu ni C o ns il io e t e x e rc it a Re g n i S c o t iae i b id e m c ong re g a t o Eg o v e ro c up ie ns e id e m Mo rg und o e t o mnibus a liis j ura fa c e re se c un e t e rna
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fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi A PP END
IX IV
.
d um p e t it io ne m sua m j us s uum inqu isivi p e r mult o s V iro s d e d ig nos , vid e lic e t p e r b a ro nias e t th a nos Re g ni me i p e r q ua m i nq uis it io ne m i n v e ni d ic t um M org und um liu m e t ha e re d e m le g it i mum d ic t i G illo c he ri
C o mi t is d e Marre p e r q uo d c o nc e s si e t re d d id i e id e m M o rg und o tot um C o mit a t um d e M a rre t a nqua m j us suum h ae re d it a rium s ie u t p ra e d ic t us T e ne nd um e t h a b e n G illo c h e rus p a t e r s uus o b iit ve s t it us e t s a isit u s d um e ide m M o rgund o fe o d o e t h ae re d i t a t e
c u m o mni bus
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h ae re d i b us me is in p e rt ine nt is li be rt a t ibus e t re c t it ud ini
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de o lib e re quie t e p l e na rie e t ho nori c e s ic ut a liq uis Co me s in Re g no S c o t iae l ib e rius q uie t ius p le na rius e t h o no ri c e nt i us t e ne t ve l F a c ie nd o i nd e ip s e e t h ae re d e s s ui m i h i e t h a e re d i b us me i s s i d e t o s p fo rins e c um se rvic ium vid e lic e t S e rvic ium S c o t ica num sie ut a nt e c e ss o re s Eo d e m v e ro d ie s ui mihi e t a nt e c e s s orib us me is fa c e re c o ns u e ve runt e t lo c o p o s t h o ma g i u m s uu m mi hi fa c t um c o ra m c o mmuni C o ns ili o Re g ni me i p rae d ic t us M org und us p e t iit s ibi j u s e ri d e t oto C o mit a t u M ora via e d e q uo p ra e d ic t us G illo c h e rus p a t e r s uus o b iit ve s t it us e t d e dig no s s a isi t us s up e r q ua p e t it i o ne s ua p e r q ua mp l ure s V i ro s Ba ro ne s M il it e s e t T ha no s Re g ni me i inq ui s it io ne m fa c e re fe c i e t p e r il la m i nquis it io ne m i nve ni d i c t um M o rg und um v e rum e t l e g it i mum h mre d e m d e c o mit a t u Mo ravias e t q uo d e o d e m t e mp o re p ro p t e r g ue rra m i n t e r me e t A nglic os g ra v i t e r fuiss e m o c c up a t us e t M o ra vie nse s p ro v o lunt a t e me a no n p o t uisse m j us t i c are d ic t o M o rg und o nullum j us fa c e re p o t ui S e d c um g ue rra m i nt e r me e t a d v e rsa ri o s me os c o m p le re e t re b e ll e s M o ra vie nse s sup e ra re p ot e ro e t d ic to M o rg und o sib i b us
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p rae d ic t o M o rg und o h a s l it e ra s me as ips o e o d e m a nno d ie e t l o c o sup ra d ic t o
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A PPEND
IX V
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fifi fi T HE EA RLD OM
ON
OF C A I T HNE S S
1
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ld o m o f C a it h ne ss wa s p o s se sse d fo r m a ny g e ne ra t io ns by t he No rw e g ia n E arl s o f Ork ne y T h e y h e ld t he I sla nd s o f Orkne y u n d e r t h e K ing o f N o rwa y a c c o rd ing t o N o r we g ia n c us t o m by wh ic h t h e t it l e o f J a rl o r E a rl wa s a p e rso na l t itl e T h e y h e ld t h e e a rld o m o f C a it hne ss u nd e r t h e K ing o f S c o t land a nd i t s t e nu re wa s in a c c o rd a nc e wit h t he l a ws o f S c o t l a n d We nd fro m t h e Ork ne y ing a S a g a t ha t during t h is p e rio d t he Ork n e y I sl a n d s we re fre qu e nt ly d i v i d e d int o t wo p o rt io ns a nd e a c h h a lf h e ld by d iffe r e n t m e mb e rs o f t h e N o r we g ia n fa m ily wh o e a c h b o r e t h e t it l e o f e a rl We l ik e wise nd t h a t t h e e a rld o m o f C a it h ne ss wa s a t su c h t im e s a l so fre qu e nt ly d iv i d e d a nd e a c h h a l f h e ld by d iffe r e nt E a rl s o f Ork ne y t h ough wh e t h e r b o t h b ore e ss d o e s n o t a pp e a r t h e t it l e o f E a rl o f C a i t h n I t i s u nn e c e ss a ry fo r o u r purp o se t o g o fur t h e r b a c k t h a n t h e rul e o f T ho r nn E a rl o f Orkne y wh o d ie d a b out A D 1 0 5 6 a nd u nd o ub t e dly he ld t h e wh o le o f t h e Ork ne ys a nd t he e nt ire e a rl d o m o f C a it h ne ss fo r a l o ng p e r io d He h a d t wo s o ns Pa ul a nd Erle nd wh o a ft e r h is d e a t h rul e d j o int ly w it h ou t d ivid ing t h e e arld o ms a nd t h e ir d e sc e nda nt s m ay b e t e r me d t h e l ine o f P a ul a n d t h e l ine o f Erle nd A ft e r t h e ir d e a t h t h e i sl a n d s w e re d iv i d e d b e t we e n H a k o n s o n o f P a ul a nd M a g nu s s o n o f Erle n d e a c h b e a ri ng t h e t it l e o f e a rl A ft e r h is T he l a t t e r wa s t he g re a t e a rl k no wn a s S t M a g nu s d e a t h E a rl H a k on a pp e a r s t o h a ve p o sse sse d t h e wh o l e E arl H a k o n ha d t wo so ns H a ra ld S le tt ma li a nd Pa ul wh o a g a in d iv i d e d t h e i sl a n d s e a c h h a v ing a n e a rl s t it l e b ut E a rl H a ra ld a pp e a rs t o h a ve h e ld t he wh o l e o f C a it hne s s fro m t h e King o f S c o t s On h is d e a t h E a rl Pa ul o b t a ine d p o s se ss io n o f t he wh o l e I n t h e m e a n t im e t h e l ine o f Erl e nd fa il e d i n t h e m a l e line i n t h e p e rs o n o f E a rl M a gnu s b ut his s i s t e r G u nhild m arrie d a T HE
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A PPEND
N orwe gian c alle d K0 1 a sh a r e o f t h e i sl a n d s
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a nd
ha d
IX V
by
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E a rl P a ul s
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M arg are t h a d m arrie d M a dd a d
E a rl o f A t h 0 11 a nd h a d by h im a so n H ara ld a nd by a r e vo lut io n whi c h t o ok pl a c e Earl P a ul a bd ic a t e d a nd his n e ph e w H a ra ld wa s ma d e a nd s h a re d t h e i sl a n d s wit h E a rl Ro nwal d e arl in h i s pl a c e g Th e la t t e r t h e n we nt o n a p ilg r ima g e t o J e ru sa l e m a nd i n his a b s e nc e M a l c o l m Iv m a d e Erl e nd U ng i s o n o f H a rald Sle t t ma li E arl o f C a it hne ss a nd g av e him h a l f o f C a it h ne s s E a rl H arald M a d d a d s o n ha ving t h e o t h e r h a l f E a rl Rognwa ld t h e n re t urns a nd o n Erle nd s d e a t h Ork ne y a nd C a it hn e s s we r e s h are d b e t we e n h im a n d E arl H a r a ld T h e l ine o f Erl e nd a ga in fa il e d o n t h e d e a t h o f E arl Ro g nwa ld wh o l e ft a n o nly d a u gh t e r I ng ig e rd wh o m a rrie d a N o r we gia n E irik S la gb re llir a nd h a d t hr e e s o ns H arald Ung i M a gnus M a ngi a nd Ro gnwa ld a nd t h r e e d a ugh t e rs I ngibio rg Eli n a nd ’
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E arl H a ra ld
p o s s e ss e d Orkne y a nd C a it hn e ss b ut soon a ft e r t h e K i ng o f N o r wa y g a v e H a ra ld U ngi a n e arl s t i t l e wi t h t h e h a l f o f t h e Ork n e y s a nd by a g re e m e nt wi t h E arl H a ra ld K ing Willia m t h e Lio n g a v e H a ra ld U ngi t h e h alf o f C a it hne ss wh ic h h a d b e l o ng e d t o E arl Ro g nwa ld b ut t h e y a ft e rwa rd s qua rre lle d a nd E a rl H a ra ld U ngi wa s sl a in by t h e o t h e r E a rl H a rald wh o a ga in p o sse s se d t h e wh ole Owi ng t o t h e mu t il a t io n o f t h e Bish o p o f C a it h ne s s by E a rl H a rald h e wa s a t t a c k e d by K ing Will ia m in 1 2 0 1 a nd o nly a ll o w e d t o r e t a in C a i t h ne s s o n p a ym e nt o f 2 0 0 0 m e rk s o f s ilve r wh il e t h e dis t ric t o f S ut h e rl a nd wa s t a k e n fro m him a nd giv e n t o H ug o Fre sk in d e M o ra vi a E arl H a ra ld die d in 1 2 0 6 a nd was suc c e e d e d by his s o n D a v id wh o d ie d in 1 2 1 4 wh e n hi s b ro t h e r J o h n b e c a m e E a rl o f F o rd u n t e ll s us t h a t K ing Willia m ma d e Ork ne y a nd C a it hne ss a t re a t y o f p e ac e wit h hi m i n t h a t y e a r a nd t o ok h is d a ught e r a s a h o st a ge b ut t h e burni ng o f Bi sh o p A d a m i n 1 2 2 2 br o ught K ing A l e x a nd e r 1 1 d o wn u p o n E arl J ohn w h o wa s o blige d t o v e up p a rt o f h is l a n d s int o t h e h a n d s o f t h e ki ng whic h h o w i g e v e r h e re d e e me d t h e fo ll o wing y e a r by p aying a l a rg e su m o f 2 F V OL I I I no w
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fi fi APPEND
mone y
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a n e nd
a nd
by
his
IX V
.
in 1 2 3 1 t h e l ine
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of
Pa ul
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ain c a g
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nd
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lle d E a rl o f C a it h ne ss a nd t h e e a rld o m re ma ine d in t h is fa mily t ill b e t we e n 1 3 2 0 a nd 1 3 2 9 wh e n M a g nu s E a rl o f Ork ne y a nd Ca it h ne ss d ie d ; b ut du ring t his t ime i t i s c l e a r t h a t t h e s e e a rl s o nly p o sse ss e d o ne h a l f o f C a i t h n e ss a nd t h e o t h e r h a l f a pp e a r s in t h e p o sse ssi o n o f t h e D e M o ra v ia fa mily fo r Fre sk i n L o rd o f B u u s wh o m a rrie d J oh a nna wh o p o sse sse d S t ra t h na v e r i n h e r d ie d b e fo re 1 2 6 9 h a d t wo d augh t e rs M ary o wn righ t a nd marrie d t o S ir Re ginald C h e y ne a nd C hrist ia n ma r rie d t o Willia m d e Fe d re t t a nd e a c h o f t h e se d aug ht e r s h a d o ne fo ur t h p a r t o f Ca it hne ss for Willia m D e Fe d re t t r e signs his four t h t o S ir Re g ina ld Ch e y ne wh o t h e n a pp e a rs in p o s s e ss io n o f o ne h alf o f Cai t hne ss (C hart o f M o ray Ro b e rt so n s I nd e x ) Th e se d augh t e rs pro b ably inh e rit e d t h e h al f o f Ca it hne ss t h r oug h t h e ir m o t h e r J o h a nna G ille b rid e h a ving c a ll e d o ne o f h is s o ns by t h e No r we g ia n na me o f M a g nu s ind ic a t e s t h a t h e h a d a N o r we g ia n mo t h e r T his is c l e a r from his als o b e c o ming E a rl o f Orkne y whic h t h e K ing o f S c o t s c ould n o t h a v e give n him Gill e brid e d ie d in 1 2 0 0 s o t h a t Mag nu s mu s t ha v e b e e n b o rn b e fo re t h at d a t e a nd a b o u t t h e t im e o f E a rl H a rald U ng i wh o h ad h al f o f C a i t h ne ss a nd d ie d in 1 1 9 8 M a g nu s is a name p e c ul ia r t o t his l ine a s t h e gr e a t E a rl M a g nu s b e lo nge d t o it a nd H a ra ld U ngi ha d a br o t he r M agnus Th e pr o b a b il it y is t hat t h e h alf o f C a i t h ne ss wh i c h b e l o nge d t o t h e A ngu s fa mily wa s t h a t h a lf u su ally po sse s se d by t h e e a rl s o f t h e line o f Erle nd a nd wa s v by K ng A l e x a n d e r w it h t h e t i t l e o f E a rl t o M ag nu s a s t he i i n e g s o n o f o n e o f E a rl H a ra ld U ng i s si st e rs w h il e J o h a nna t hro ug h w h o m t he M o ra y fa mily inh e rit e d t h e o t h e r h al f wa s a s ind ic a t e d by he r na me t h e d a ugh t e r o f J ohn E a rl o f Ca it hne ss o f t he l ine o f P a ul wh o h a d b e e n k e p t by t h e k i ng a s a h o st ag e a nd g iv e n i n ma rri a g e t o Fre ski n d e M o ra via M ag nu s E arl o f Orkne y a nd C a i t h ne ss t h e l a st o f t h e e a rl s o f t h e A ngu s l i ne d ie d b e fo r e 1 3 2 9 w h e n C a t e r ina C o mi t issa In Orc a d ia e e t C a t h a ne sia e gra nt s a c h a r t e r in vid uit a t e nd a c l a im o n t h e e a rld o m o f C a it h ne s s by S im o n 1 3 3 0 we Frase r a nd M a rga re t his sp o u se o ne o f t h e h e irs o f t he E arls o f ca
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A PPEND
IX V
fi
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I n 1 3 3 1 we Pa rl nd M al is e E arl o f S t ra t h e rne c h a rg e d o n t he C ha mb e rl a i n Ro lls (p 40 4) w it h t h e re nt s o f t h e fo u rt h p art o f Ca i t h ne ss a nd i n 1 3 3 4 M al ise a pp e a rs a s e a rl o f t h e e arld o m o f S t ra t h e rne C a it h ne s s a nd Orkne y (Chart I nc ha ffra y ) I t is c l e a r t h e re fo re t h a t t h e h a lf o f Cait h ne ss w hic h b e l o ng e d t o t h e A ng us e a rl s h a d l ik e t h e o t h e r h a l f p asse d t o t wo c o h e irs a nd t h a t t he t it l e o f e a rl wit h o ne fourt h o f t h e e a rld o m h a d g o ne t o t h e E arl o f S t ra t h e rne a nd t h e 2 o t h e r fo u rt h t o M a rg a re t w ife o f S im o n Fra s e r T h e r e i s so me d iffic ul t y in c l e a ring up t he hist o ry o f t h e la st fe w e a rl s o f S t ra t h e rne a nd o f d isc rim ina t ing b e t we e n t h e m a s t h e y a ll h a v e t h e na me o f M a l i se The firs t o f t h e na m e o f M a lise was t h e so n o f Ro b e rt E a rl o f S t ra t h e rne a nd Fo rd un i B o w e r fi x e s t h e d a t e o f h s d e a t h w h e n h e say s in 1 2 7 1 ( ) M a lisiu s c o me s d e S t ra t h e rne i n p art ibus G a lli c a nis d e c e ssit e t a pud D u nbl a ne se p e lit u r I n g ivi ng t h e d e a t h o f M a g nu s king h e a dd s c uju s re lic t a m c o m e s M a lisius d e o f M an i n 1 2 6 9
Ca it hne ss
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d M alise t h e s o n o f t h e fo r m e r for we nd i n 1 2 9 1 M a lise E a rl o f S t r a t h e r ne d oe s h o m a g e t o E d wa rd I a t S t irl ing o n 1 2 t h J ul y a nd t we lve d ay s a ft e r M a ria Re g ina d e M a n e t C o mit issa d e S t ra t h d oe s h o ma g e a t P e rt h in pre s e nc e o f E arl M a l is e He d ie d e rne b e fo re 1 2 9 6 a s a mo ng t h e wid o ws who a re se c ure d in t he ir p o ss e ssions by t h e K ing o f E ngla n d in t ha t ye a r is M arl a qu ae fuit ux o r M a li sii C o m it is d e S t ra t he rne I n p o int o f fa c t M a l is e (2 d ) mu st h a v e d ie d b e fo r e F e brua ry 1 2 9 2 for in t ha t y e a r M a ria C o mit i s sa d e S t ra t he rne qu ae fuit ux o r H ugo nis d e A b e rne t hy n is summone d t o P arlia me nt t o s h o w c a u s e wh y A l e x a nd e r d e A b e rne t hy n so n o f Hug o sh o uld a n d t ha t n o t h a v e h i s l a nd s i n Fyfe a nd P e rt h (A c t P a rl vi ) s h e wa s n o t t he s a m e M a ria a s t h e Q ue e n o f M a n i s c l e a r fro m t his t h a t sh e a pp e a r s a l o ng wit h h e r in t h e l ist o f wid o ws in S he mu st 1 2 9 6 a s M a r ia qu ae fu it u x o r H ugo ni s d e A b e rne t hy n t h e r e fo re h a v e b e e n t h e w i fe o f M a l is e (3d ) s o n o f M al ise (2 d ) T his M a lise (3d ) is said in Wo o d s P e e rag e t o h av e b e e n kill e d a t t h e b at t le o f H al id o n H ill in 1 333 b ut h e d ie d l o ng b e fore for we nd t ha t his se c o nd wife wa s Jo h a nna d e M e nt e it h wh o m h e ma rr ie d i n t he r e ign o f Ro b e rt Bru c e a s t h at king c on ,
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A PPEND I
XV
by M al ise E a rl o f S t ra t h e rne t o J oh anna d au gh t e r o f J o h n M e nt e i t h h i s sp o u se R ob I n d x r e a n d f hi s s h e a t e ( ) d e a t h ma rrie d J ohn Earl o f A t h o ll fo r t h e re i s i n The ine r a d isp e nsat ion i n 1 33 9 fo r t h e m a rr iage o f J oh a nna C o unt e ss o f S t ra t h e rne wid o w o f J o h n E a rl o f A t h oll t o M a uric e d e M o ra via No w t h is J oh n E a rl o f A t h oll wa s him se l f u nd oub t e dly kill e d a t t h e b a t t l e o f H al i d o n H ill in 1 3 3 3 I n p o int o f fa c t M a l ise 3 d m i f o re 1 3 2 0 fo r K i n R u h v d d b o b e rt a l s o s t a e e e ra nt s a g ( ) g c h a rt e r t o M a ria d e S t ra t h e rne wife o f M a l i s e o f S t ra t h e rne o f t h e l a n d s o f K i ng k e ll Bre c h in wh ic h w e r e D a vi d d e Er e c h ims I n d ex S h e m u s t ha v e b e e n t h e r e fo re m a rr i e d t o M al ise R o b ( ) h i du rin t e l f e t im e o f h i s fa t h e r M a l ise (3d ) a s h e i s n o t 4 t h g ( ) t e r me d e a rl ; b ut t h is M a r ia is u nd o ub t e dly t h e C o mit issa d e S t ra t h e rn e wh o wa s impli c a t e d a l o ng wit h D a vi d d e Bre c hi n a nd Willia m d e S oulis in a c o nsp ir a c y in 1 3 2 0 (Fo rd un) a nd M alis e u t t h e n h a v e b e e n e a rl h m 4 t s ) ( M a l is e (3d ) h a d t wo d augh t e rs— M a t ilda m a rrie d t o Ro b e rt d e T o ny a nd M a ri a t o S ir J o h n Murra y o f D rums a gard ; fo r in 1 2 9 3 we nd h im c o nt ra c t i ng fo r t h e m arri a g e o f his d au gh t e r M a t il d a t h e n und e r 2 0 t o Rob e rt d e T o ny (H i st D o c i a nd i n t h e C h a rt ul a ry o f I n c h a ff ra y a r e t wo c h art e r s by M a lisiu s C o me s d e S t ra t h e rne t o J o hn d e M o ra via a nd his h e irs by M a ria lia no st ra a nd hi s so n M a l is e (4 t h ) c o nfi rm s a g ra nt so o n a ft e r 1 3 1 9 by M al isiu s p a t e r n os t e r qu o nd a m c o me s d e S t ra t h e rne t o J o h n d e M o ra v ia e t M a r ia lia C o m i t is I n 1 32 0 M a l ise E a rl o f S t ra t h e rne s igns t h e l e t t e r t o t h e P o p e T h i s mu st h a ve b e e n M alise (4 t h ) ; a nd i n 1 3 34 in a c h a r t e r i n wh ic h h e s t yl e s h im s e l f e a rl o f t h e e a rld o ms o f S t r a t h e rne C a i t hn e ss a n d Ork ne y h e g r a nt s t o Wil l ia m E a rl o f Ro ss t h e m a rri a g e o f his d a ug ht e r I s a b e l by M a rj o ry his w ife d e c la ring h e r his h e ir o f t he e a rld om o f C a it h ne ss fa iling a n h e ir mal e o f t h e m a rria g e o f t h e sa id E a rl M a l ise a nd M a rj o ry (Ca r t I n c h ) I t h as u sua lly b e e n S h e mu st h a v e b e e n his se c o n d wi fe a s sum e d t h a t I sa b e l m a rri e d t h e E a rl o f Ro ss b ut t h is i s i mp o s for in a n o t h e r d e e d in 1 35 0 t h e E a rl o f Ro s s s t yl e s s ibl e He wa s t h e re fo re M arj o ry Co unt e ss o f S t ra t h e rne his s ist e r I s a b e l s u nc l e a nd t h e d e e d wa s g ra nt e d a t t h e t ime o f E a rl M ali se s fo r fe it ure wh e n I sa b e l wa s pr o b a bly st ill a c hild a nd was i nt e nd e d if p ossibl e t o pro t e c t t h e su c c e ssio n firms a
g ra nt
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A PPEND
M ali se
E a rl
4 t h h ad ) (
IX V
he r d aught e rs I n 1 3 5 3 Erngil s a N o r we g ia n g e t s fro m t h e K ing o f No rwa y t h e t it l e o f E a rl o f Orkne y in right o f his mo t h e r A g ne t a whic h he fo rfe it s in 1 3 5 7 I n t h at ye a r D un c a n so n o f A n dre w pro t e st s fo r A l e x a nd e r d e l e Ard e in r ig h t o f his mo t h e r M a t ild a c all e d I n 1 3 6 4 E up h e m ia d e S t ra t h e ld e st d aug h t e r o f E a rl M a l ise e rn e a pp e ars a s o ne o f t h e h e irs o f t h e l a t e E a rl M a l ise In 1 3 7 4 A l e x a nd e r d e le A rd e r e sign s h is righ t s t hro ugh his mo t h e r I n 1 3 7 9 H e nry S t Cl a ir a nd M a l i se M a t ild a t o t h e K ing H e nry b e c o me s e a rl a nd S p e rr e c l a im t h e E arld o m o f Ork ne y c all s h i s mo t h e r I sa b e ll a S t Cl a ir i n a c h a rt e r o f l a nd s o f wh i c h M a t ild a wa s p ro b a bly d aught e r o f M a ria t h e sh e wa s h e ire ss fi rst wife a nd t h e lit t l e fa v o ur sh o wn t o h e r right s may h av e a ris e n fro m h e r m o t h e r s c o mpl ic i t y i n t h e c o nsp irac y i n 1 32 0 T h e o t h e r d aug h t e rs we re p ro b a bly c h ildre n o f M a rj o ry a nd t h e E arl o f Ro ss a pp e ars t o h a v e m a rrie d his ni e c e I sab e ll a t o S ir Willia m S t Cla ir t h e fa t h e r o f H e nry I t i s c l e a r t h e r ig h t t o Orkne y a n d C a i t h ne ss c o ul d no t h a v e c o m e t o t h e E a rl s o f S t ra t h e r ne t h ro ug h t h e Qu e e n o f M a n w ife o f M a l ise 2 d n or t h ro ug h e i t h e r o f t h e wi v e s o f M al ise 4 t h ( ) ( ) He mu s t t h e r e fo re a s h i s d a ug h t e rs by b o t h wiv e s c l a im e d h a v e d e riv e d his r ig h t t h ro ug h hi s mo t h e r o ne o f t h e wive s o f M a l ise (3d ) b u t t his c ould n o t ha v e b e e n J o ha nna d e M e nt e it h a nd t h e r e fo r e M a ria wid o w Of H ug o d e A b e rn e t h y n se e ms t he o nly p ossibl e h e ir e ss o f t h e e a rld o m o f C a i t h ne ss se
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N OT ES
T hi p p w S o i t y f A n ti q 1
s
c e
th e i p
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re s
t he c
i
M a rc h 1 87 8
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of
d to t h S ot l n d pp in e
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ua r e s of a nd a
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S e s s ion ,
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e ar
d d l A d d to K i g R o b t t h S on d ld om f C ith n t h p in
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m a n s io n , w ith t h e
or
tit l f E l a n d ll oth e ight b l onging to h im in ight f h is m oth M ti ld a ld e s t d a u ght r o f Ea r l M l i e ; nd K i n g Ro b t e
g
t d to h is
o
ar
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er
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vid t h
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l n d nd l d i nh it d by A l d d l A d in ight f M ti ld d S t th h i m oth n (Ro b t on I n Th pp 1 20 tl f d i in l C tl B t h w ll n w B d o iv f t h Th th v l io n f t h p in ip l m t h po g i d t h tit l f E l Th oth l n d f t h ld om pp to h v b n h ld in p i nd ivi of
Bra t h w e l l, i t s
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P r o c e e d ings
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A PPEND
ORI G INA L OF
IX
VI
T HE P OE M
.
ON
M U I READ HA CH A L BA N A C H
CC
,
S A ER d o
l e nnan
A lu n A
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d ruim n e c h g a n d u ib h e , Luigh d e c h a lia t hmhui ne
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re imh e a s na rio gh ro id h e ,
G O ria c h t C o r c M uimne c h t ar muir Fo l t d ruim ne c h
os a
D a t a inic Fe ara d ha c h
M a c righ A lb a n Da
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L e a mh a in,
M a it h d o c h o na c h g ill a
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LENN OX
T HE
nd e a rna re
d he a rc uib h
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o nn,
na n o irp h i oll,
C o rc
c le a m hna s,
Ar t ho c h t i na t high e a rna s
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T ug F e a ra d ha c h, fe irrd e le o m, A i ng he a n d o C o r c c hu il f hio nn, L a n d a t a irm T e a m ha ir M id e , -
L e a mh a in
a inm na
h inghine
.
T o irc h e a s ri ogh na rug L e a mh a in M a ine m a c Chuirc c huil le a bh a ir, ,
-
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A e n d o la it hi bh d o L e a mh a in,
M a t ha ir M ha ine mh e irle a bhair
,
C a e g a ingh e n fa b a n b o nn, A g sna mh innb hir na h a bh o nn
.
APPEND
Ba id ht e r i
IX VI
.
a n u c h t a n c h a l a i d h,
Le a mh a in ingh e a n Fhe a ra dh aig h, Ba is t e r L e a mha in o rt d a e is ,
M e a b ha ir D ob
na c
h
Ol c re a
a nna m h c e i
m
F a t imlib h
na in e a a
c at
ha
fhaisne is
g a ll ,
b ha nn
,
F a m e inc e
le at
Mac
fa t innbh e ara ib h
e illt e
a
L e amh a in,
A luinn
s nu a d h a
S la t d o
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hu a n
hl g ac
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Ge n
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h Oile a lla ,
g h e a g d o fhine A lu n, C e a d a g ibb e i n a e n gha lun
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D o fh a s c h ugh a t A lu n o g , M a c M uir e a d ha igh na min
No c h
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ht a e n t unna d fhion A g ne C hu ire na c a e im hrio g Ni so c h ma s i o l c e a nn gl a n Chuire
co
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on
do
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M o rmh a e r Le a mh na l e a c a mhin, D e a gh mh a c inghine Ai lin, A gh e a l l a mb , a t hae b h, a t h roigh, -
-
S a e r d o l e a nn a n
a
L e a mha in
.
S ae r
.
A PPEND I
X VI I
.
b e t w e e n t h e H IGH LA ND CLA N S a nd t he T R I BES Writ t e n in 1 8 1 6 by S ir Wa l t e r S c o t t
C OM PA RI S ON A F G HA U N
.
.
T HE g e ne al og ie s o f t h e A fgh a u n t rib e s m a y b e p a rall e l e d w it h t h e na t u re Of t h e ir fa v o urit e sp o r t s, t h e ir t ho se o f t h e Clans
l o v e o f t h e ir s i mpl ic it y Of
v l a nd t h e ir h o sp it alit y t h e ir a dd re ss t h e ir ma nne rs e x a c t ly c o rre sp o nd T h e ir sup e rst it io ns Th e Gholée B ea ba nn (d e mo ns o f t he a re t h e sa me o r n e a rly so d e se r t ) r e se mbl e t he Bodd a c h o f t h e H igh la n d e rs wh o wa lke d t h e h e at h a t mi d night a nd a t n o o n T he A fgha un s m ost o rd ina ry na t i e
,
,
,
.
,
.
,
,
’
’
.
mo d e
d ivina t io n is by e x a m ining t h e ma rk s i n t h e bl a d e b o ne h e ld up t o t h e l igh t ; a n d e v e n so t h e Re v M r o f a sh e e p Ro b e r t K irk a ssur e s u s t h a t i n h is t im e t h e e nd o f t h e s ix t e e nt h t h e se e r s p ro g no s t i c a t e m a ny fu t ur e e v e nt s (o nly fo r a c e n t ury m o nt h s sp a c e ) fr o m t he sh o uld e r b o n e o f a sh e e p o n whic h a k nife ne v e r c a me By l o ok in g int o t h e b o ne t h e y will t e ll if wh o re d o m b e c o m mit t e d i n t h e o wne r s h o u s e ; wh a t m o ne y t h e m ast e r o f t h e sh e e p h a d 5 i f a ny will d ie o ut o f t ha t h o u s e for a m ont h a nd i f a ny c a t t l e t h e r e w ill t a k e a tra le e (t e a d ise a se ) 1 c n s t if pl a e t ru k as T h e A fgh a un wh o i n h is w e a ry t ra v e l s had se e n n o v a l e n d a p a rall e l i n e qu a l t o his o wn n a t iv e v a ll e y Of S p e ig e r m a y ma ny a n e x il e fro m t h e b rae s o f L oc h a b e r a nd wh o e v e r h a d r e m o nst ra t e d w it h a n a nc ie nt H ig hla nd c hie f o n t h e sup e rio r a dv a nt a g e s o f a c iv il is e d l ife re g ul a t e d by t h e a u t h o rit y o f e qu a l l aws wo uld h ave r e c e iv e d a n a ns we r s o me t hing si mila r t o t he We are c ont e nt wit h in d ig na nt r e ply o f t h e Ol d A fgha un : disc o rd we are c ont e nt w it h a l a rm s we a re c o nt e nt wit h bl o o d of
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a nd
A c t io ns
S ubt e rr a ne a n I nvis i ble P e op l e
,
o
g ing u nd e r the na m e Of Elve s , F a ir ie s , a nd t he li ke L n n, 1 8 1 5 .
o do
.
A PPEND
IX V I I
.
m a st e r
will ne v a T h e H ighl a nd c h i e fs o t h e r wi s e v e ry fre qu e nt ly m e n o f s e ns e a nd e du c a t i o n a nd o nly d is t ing uish e d i n L o wl a n d s o c ie t y by a n a ffe c t a t io n o f r a nk a nd s t a t e l ine ss s o m e wh a t a b o v e t h e i r m e a ns we re in t h e ir fro m t h e a b so l ut e sub mi ssio n p a i d t o t h e m by o wn c o unt ry t h e ir c l a ns a nd t h e wa nt o f fr e q ue nt int e r c o u rs e wit h p e rso ns Of t h e sa me ra n k wit h t h e m se lv e s nurs e d i n a hig h a nd d a ring s pi ri t o f i nd e p e n d e nt s o v e re ig nt y wh i c h wo uld n o t br o o k o r r e c e iv e p ro t e c t i o n o r c o n t r o l fro m t h e p ubl ic l a w o r g o v e r nm e nt a nd d is d a ine d t o o we t h e ir p o s s e ssio n s a nd t h e p re se r va t i o n o f t he ir r ig ht s t o a ny t h ing b ut t h e ir o wn b ro a d s wo rd s S imil ar e x a m pl e s m a y b e d e riv e d fr o m t h e H ist o ry o f P e r sia by S ir J o hn Ma l c o lm But o ur l im it s d o no t p e rmit us fur t h e r t o pu rsue a p ara ll e l wh ic h se rve s s t rik ingly t o s h o w h o w t h e s am e s t a t e o f so c i e t y a nd c iv il isa t i o n p ro du c e s s im il a r m a nn e rs l a ws a nd c u st o ms e v e n a t t h e m o s t re m o t e p e rio d Of t im e a nd I n t wo r e sp e c t s t h e i n t h e m o s t d is t a nt qua rt e r s o f t h e wo rld m a nn e rs Of t he C a ubul t rib e s d iffe r m a t e ria lly fro m t h o se o f t h e H ighl a nd e rs ; firs t i n t h e influ e nc e o f t h e ir J e e rg as o r p a t ri arc h a l s e n a t e s wh i c h d im i nis h e s t h e p o we r Of t h e i r c h i e fs a nd v T h i i e s a d e m o c ra t i c t u rn t o e a c h s e p a ra t e t rib e s a pp e a r s t o g fo r a t n o t im e d o h a v e b e e n a p e rp e t u a l a nd ra d ic a l d iffe re n c e t h e H igh l a n d c h ie fs a pp e a r t o h a v e t a k e n c ou ns e l wi t h t h e i r no a l t h o ugh e ld e rs a s a n a u t h o ri s e d a nd ind e p e n d e n t b o dy d o ub t t h e y a v a ile d t h e ms e lv e s o f t h e i r a dvic e a nd e xp e rie nc e up o n t h e p rinc ipl e o f a g e ne ra l wh o sum mo ns a c o u nc il o f war Th e se c o nd p o int Of d i st inc t i o n r e sp e c t s t h e c o nso l id a t io n o f t h o se d e t ac h e d t rib e s u nd e r o ne h e a d o r king wh o wit h a d e gre e o f a ut h o rit y re a t e r o r l e ss a c c o rd i n t h i s t a l e nt s p o pul arit y a nd o g g o t h e r c irc u m s t a n c e s i s t h e a c k n o wl e d g e d h e a d o f t h e a ss o c i a t e d c o mm uni t i e s I n t h i s p o int h o we v e r t h e H ig hl a n d e rs a nc ie nt ly r e s e m bl e d t h e A f h a u n s a s will a pp e a r wh e n we i e a b ri e f v g g nt e ll ig ibl e i s k e t c h o f t h e ir n e ra l h i s t o ry b e t h e B u i t o t s g m u st b e p re c e d e d by s o m e a c c o u nt Of t h e ir s o c ia l sy s t e m o f wh ic h t h e o rigin a l a nd p rim it iv e b a s is d iff e re d v e ry l it t l e fro m t h e fi rs t t ime t h a t we h e a r o f t h e m i n h is t o ry u nt il t h e d e s t ru c t i o n o f c l a nsh ip i n 1 7 4 8 — Re vi e w o f C ull o d e n P a p e rs Qua rterly Revie w vo l x iv p 2 8 9 b ut we
be
er
c o nt e nt
wit h
’
2
.
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
.
.
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
.
,
.
2
.
A c c ou nt
.
.
f C a u bu l
o
,
p
.
1 74
n
ot e
.
A PPEND
IX
V 111
V 1 11
.
.
LE G END A RY D E S C EN T OF T HE A C C ORD
ING
TO
I
MSS
.
.
s
,
G ENELA C H Oig
,
so n
.
G EN EA L OG Y OF T H E C L A N C OLI N
C A I LI N
C LA NN
A N NS O 1
C ailin
I RI S H
upp o se d t o b e d e sc e nd e d fr o m FERG U S LEI T H D ERG Ne me d h wh o le d t h e N e me d ia n c o l o ny t o I r e l a nd
C L ANS of
C L AN S ,
H I G H LA N D
C A M BELLS , N OW CAM PBELL S
OR
Sir C o l in C a mb e ll
ma c
of
.
L o c ha w
(c h r in 1 40 7 ) s o n o f S ir A r c hib ald C a mb e ll (has a c h r in 1 36 8 o f l a n d s a s fre e ly as h i s p ro g e nit o r D unc a n M a c D uine ) so n o f Sir C o lin C a mb e ll o f L oc ho w .
G illa e a sp ic
rua id h
mic
.
C a ilin mic
so n o f
Ne ill mic
Sir
C a mb e ll
Ne ill
of
L o c ha w
so n o f
C a ilin m o ir mic
Sir
C o l in
Lo c h a w
C a mb e ll
Ro ll s) a
u o q
mi c
Exc h
C a mb e l , t h e n a me
wh om
from of
C a mb e ll,
s on o f
D o nnc h a c h mic
D u nc a n
G illa e a sp ic mic
G ill e s p i e
1
o
F r m t h e M S 146 7 , .
K ilb id r
e MS
.
,
0.
1 5 40 ,
.
so n Of
D uga ld c ame
of
son of
G ill e s p i c C a mb e ll (1 2 6 6 ,
G ille e a sp i c mi c D ub g a ill Ca mb e l
M or
son O
f
s on o f
a nd
M a c F i rb is
’
s
Gen Ms .
.
A PPEND I
X V II I
.
G illa c o la im re nab art a mic D uib ne M a l c ol m
,
mi c
ca
lle d M a c
D u ine , so n
of 2
D uib ne
o n ra it hir
mi c
D uibh ne , fro m wh o m t he i s t a k e n,
Eira na id
Fe a ra d o ig mic
or
F e a ra d oig
S me irb i mic
S me roie
A r t a ir m i c U ibh e r i .
.
ri
g
a nd o
ma in m ic 3
na me
f
son o
f
son o
f A rt hur son of Ui bhe r king of the world (Uther P end ra gon) son of A mbrosius son of Consta ntine son of A myc e t son of Toisid son of Conruirg son of Cons ta ntine son of A rthur of the ha nd son of L a imlin son of A rthur Re d ha nd son of Be ne Briot son of A rthur son of A lla rd oi d son of A rthur of t he long c h urc h son of L a md oid son of F i nd la y s on of A rthur the young son of Firma ra or the ma n of the sea son of 3 M S 1 4 6 7 s to p s h e re b u t e l se w h e re s a y s t h e C a m b e ll s a nd M a c l e o ds w e re d e s c e nde d from Ne me d ins T h e e a r li e r p a r t is t a k e n from t wo oth e r M S S M a c F irb is gi v e s a d i ffe re nt li s t o f na me s e l e v e n in numbe r b u t l i k e w i s e t e rm i n a ti n g w ith Brio t a n s o n o f F e r gu s L e th d e g T h e y a re I o b a o r U th e r son o
,
,
A mb ro is mic
C o nsid in m ic A mg c e l m i c T o is id mic
C o nruirg mic C o nsid in m i c A rt ui r
na
la imh mic
,
L a imlin m ic A rt uir la imb e rg mic Be ne Bri o t mic A r t a ir mi c
Al lard o id mic A rt uir F a d Ea gla is mic L a m d o i d m ic
,
Find luga mi c A rt uir
mi c
Oig
,
Firm a ra m i c
la t
The
,
er
s
p u i ous
dg
p e i re e s o f D ar
r
m a e th is D u ib h n e , s o n i ma i G ra in e his M c D u im h n , wife , fr o m w ho m t h e C a m e s we re c a e D i a rm a i d , i e S io D ia rme d s s e e , a nd ac e e tw e e n h im a nd Ea ra na i d s e e n im a gin a r D ui mh n s , A r th u rs , a nd F e a ra t h o rs (Ca mp e s We st H ighla nd T a le s , iii p th u s i m ortin g t he Os s i a n i c h e r o D i a rm e d O D u i ne i n to t he e igre e fr o m me re s i m i a ri t o f n a me h e re is n o re a s on to
d d
by
ll d
’
b ll
.
.
pl v
l
T
pp o th a t t h e l lly ll d Si o l D i se
c a
y
p
.
.
re a
b
.
’
pd
su
d
l
pb ll
c
e
an
w e re
a rm e d
.
y
e
v
er
.
,
fi
.
.
,
,
,
r
‘
.
r
M a c Li d ir m ic Bre a rna ird m ic M u i r i s m ic M a g o t h m i c C o i e l mi c C a to
g
a in
m ic
mic
C a id i m o ir m i c C a t o g a in Be n e m i c M e b re c mi c G ri n Br iot a i n , o t a id Bre t n a ig , m ic
m ic
d
F e rg usa L e it h d e rg m ic Ne m id ,
’
etc
.
A PPEND I
X V I II
.
Be ne Br io t m ic
A rthur the grea t, son Be ne Briot son of
Brio t u s mic
Bri otus
A rt uir m o ir m i c
Brio t a n
o
b fuilid Bre a t na n
f
o
f
son o
from
Briota n,
Brit ons,
whom
ca
me
f
son o
F e rgusa L e it h d e rg mic
Fe rgus B e d sid e ,
Ne m e d
Ne med ius
f
son o
.
G ENELAOH M I C LEOD
G EN EA L OG Y
4
AN NS O
OF
M AC L EOD
h e re
A l e x a nd e r M a c l e o d so n o f Will ia m M a c l e o d so n o f
A l a sd ra n) mic (
.
5
M a c l e o d so n o f Willia m M a c l e o d son o f M a l c o l m M a c l e o d so n o f T o rmo d e M a c l e o d s o n o f6
J o hn
i o lla c o lum ) mi c G (
m i c rm o id T a ) ( m ic
o n ra i t h i r
Le o d
w h om t h e c l a n i s n a m e d son of Oil the young son of Oib son of Oi b the gre a t son of I vor the young son of Old I vor son of S ga nd la n of S t one son of [ nor of D ublin son of Conna l s on of Conna ll of the re d sword son of Ce a lla c h son of M a rd oid son of Cea llac h Ca t lua nid son of Cuili nna n son of Le o d , fro m ,
O l o ig mic
,
Oib m i c Oilm o ir mic I a mh a r
Oig
,
mi c
,
S in I a mh a r m i c
S g o inne S g a nd la n m ic I a mh ar A t ha c lia t h mi c
,
,
C o nnla mi c C o nna ill c l
.
mic
d e rg
,
C e alla c h m ic
M a r d o id m i c C e a llac h Ca t l ua nid mic C uilinna n mi c 4
o
Fr m t h e
K ilb i d r
e MS
.
,
0
.
1 540
.
fi t si n m h v b n d p o b bly by a p ti n f lly Th y f th i v l ho u p pl i e d f om oth o nd Al M l od h s h t s a s n nd h i f t h d e s d T he
rs
x
a
es
,
r
a
e ra se
u
e
o
r
se
a
5
er
e xa
s
o
er
a
ee
e
c a re
ar
urc e s
ac
.
a
e
e r o
sa
su
a re
e
.
er s
r
a
e
c
c ea
ar e
Wi ll ia m Joh n
vg e
of
a n , Ou
t he
S ig
Is
t he f
l
es
M a c l o d e so n Of D un
o rfe it ure
in 1 498
.
of
t he L
—Re g
.
o rd
M ag
.
.
T h i h t by D a vi d I I to M l ol m n of T m d M l yd f tw p t f G l n l g —R I 6
e re
a c
o
,
o
s a c
so
ar s o
ar e r or e
.
o
e
e
.
ac
o
.
.
e
,
A PPEND I
X V III
.
C o nnla m ic
Connul
D e rg d ia n S g o t h e g mic M a nnis Oig mic
D ergd ia n S gotheg, M a nus the young,
M a gnu s na luingi lua it h e mic M ag nus A irc in mic
M agnus of the swif t ship son of M a gnus of Orkney son of
I a mh a r
u allac h
m ic
A ra ilt mi c I a mh a r
na m
Bre a t mi c
A ra ilt m i c A sp uig mic C e a lla c h mi c
C o nnl a mic L a mu s m i c Lu ngb a rd mi c L a mu s m i c L o c hla n mic
A ra il t m i c o r .
.
l
son
,
f f D e rgi son of Ha ra ld son of [ nor of the j ud gme nts son of Ubha idh son of H ara ld son of A sp a c son of Ce a llac h son of Conna l son of L a mus son of Longoba rd son of L a mus s on of L ac hla n son of Ha ra ld son of La igh the strong from whom c a lle d Cla n La igh son of nor t he ski l ul, son o
,
U b h a id h m i c
L a ig h l a id e re
f of
son o
,
[
D e rg i m ic
f
son o
u
o an
Laigh
mi c
,
,
Fe rgu s Le ighd e rg
F ergus
G EN ELA C H M I C NI OA I L
G EN EA L OG Y
f the
o
r e d si
de
.
T HE
OF
N I COL
7
7
T hi g s
e ne a
l ogy
is
a
dd d f o m j mbl f e
r
o n t a in s a u O G l i c a nd N o we gi a n n m e s s o m e w h a t s i m i l a r to th a t o f t h e M a c
MS
.
ae
1 46 7 ,
as
it
c
r
.
a
e
l od e
P
o
s
.
It w
i ti s h c
c c u rs a
i ll b e Ob se rv e d th a t t h
na m e
T ro s t a in
m o ng
th e m
.
or
e
D ro s t a in
46 2
A PPEND I
X VIII
.
G re gill m ic
G re g ill
G ille mure m ic
G ille mure
8
so n o f
f
son o
fifi
S e a lb a r mic
S e a lba r
T o irc inn m ic
Toirc inn
T o t t ha mic
Tottha
T ro st a i n m ic
Trosta in
son o
S d a c a il l mic
Sd a c a ill
son
Erb le
Erble , from whom M a c Erble
o
fuile d
f
son o
f
son o
f
son o
f of
,
f
son o
M ure c h a ic h mi c
Ha ra ld son of M urec ha c h son of
F o ga c a il m i c
F oga c a il
P o il m i c Ail in mic
P a ul
Ara ilt mic
f
son o
T a i d g m ic
f A lla n son of A ir n son of Te a gue son of
A mla im m ic
A mla imh
T urc inn A t a c lia t h
Turc inn
A ra ilt mi c
Ha ra ld
A sma inn mic
A sma inn
Ai rd il
A ird il
A ir
n
mi c
pp o se d
su
NA
9
na t ri
T he
au
ou n t Of .
son o
f
son o
f
son o
T RI
C OLL A
9
OF
.
C o ll a
l a it h e
il g o t t uga se a c h t c c a t h a a
nd ia igh
a
thor Of t h e S t a tis t ic a l A o .
.
l nd d
ons a re t ra d ition a lly d e c e fr om a c e r t a in Kry c ul wh o mu s t h a ve li v e d in t he thirt e e n th c e n s
s
,
e
T HE
THREE COLL AS
c
h r o ni c l e
.
y s t h a t t he t h r e e C o lla s fo ugh t s e v e n b a t t l e s during se v e n d ays o ne a ft e r Th e
sa
,
tury a n d s o b e g e nu in e ,
,
so n o f
,
.
,
Ed d e ra c h y lis (S t a t A c c t vi p 2 7 8 ) m e n t i on s th a t t h e N i c o c
f
D ublin,
d e sc e nd e d from C OLLA U A I S D o i ml e in K ing o f I re l and
a n c ro ini c
d e ir
se a c h t
re
f
o
t o be
Eo c h a idh
d ar
f
son o
.
C LA N S
A
son o
p d igr
fa r t h e
ee
ma y
E 3, 1 8
The
e
.
9
o
Fr m M S T C D .
.
.
.
,
.
.
thor is in d e b t e d to M He nne ss y fo r t h e t ra n s l a t i o n o f thi s tra c t au
r
.
.
A PPEND I
c
he il e
d ult a c h a ib h
ma rb a d h
ula d h
ri
d e igh e a na c h fogh a
.
i
D on t aob h
Righ e
i
.
g ur c
ha t h
F e rg u s
.
d e irg
a c h a id h
.
bhus d o g hlio n n r i nn e a d h t o ra nn
a
do
l g e a nna
gu s
sa n
d id h
c at h
i
.
a
ri
gh e
io b u r
on
an
uas
e a t a rra a us Cla nna Rugh ra id h e , g a
s u g
fhille a d ar Cla nna Ru
n ir
Do ghra i d h e a nu n 0 s in a l e c h uir Ri e ire a nn i M ui re a d h a c h .
.
.
Tire a c h g a irm a r c hla i nn E a c h a c h D uib le n i na t ri C oll a .
.
us
ag
t ug a d h g o t e a mra igh i a d
t ug
a gus
d ho ib h
fe in
ri
gh ib h d ha igh e
b ha d h
at
ag
ag
gu s
da
do
ha r
do
us
t ug
d o d hu t h a igh d o ib h ng a b a l t a is a nult a i b h
in g a c h
c ed
a g us ag
.
c
sin
.
Ag
.
an
so
l
d o na so c hra ibh r o mp a a r e irgh e ei e
.
i
in
h uid
fh e a ruibh
us
ht
c
oe d
c o i mh
.
a no ir
e irio nn a na o nac h a g e a c ht u s a c
a
i T ri o c ha
in g a c h T ri o c h a t e a c h a gu s g a rrd ha
h b a il e
a
i o nn
Ri e ire a nn
a
mh a in
u s gan ia d sa n d e irgh e re c a c h Tria n e a d a la a c c ua nt a ib h l o ng T us digh e t us l e a p t a d o ib h a g u s i o nna l t a r e mile a d h a ib h e ir e a nn i t t ighibh m i o dh c urt a .
.
.
C o innme a d h d a
.
ar
fh e ara ibh
e ire a nn
n d a o inib h an
.
e
.
de b o und ary
h
t is
t he
A c ha d h
of si
d e rg
-
On
.
G l e n Rig h e t h e o f G l e n Ri h e fro m g Of
-
-
d o wn (fr o m Ne wry no r t h wa rd s) wa s ma d e b e t we e n t h e m a nd t h e Cl a n Rugh ra id h e a nd t h e C l an Ru hra i d h e d i d g n o t r e t urn a c r o ss fro m t ha t t o t h is The k ing o f E rin viz M ured ac h Tire a c h invit e d t h e Ib a r
,
.
,
.
,
Eo c ha id h D ui ble n,
hr e e
C o ll a s ;
an
d
t
viz
.
he y
br ought t o T a ra ; a nd h e g a v e fre e d o m a nd e mo lu me nt s t o t h e mse lv e s a nd t h e ir h e irs a ft e r t h e m for e v e r A nd h e fo rg a ve t h e m t h e k ill ing o n c o nd it io n t h a t t h e y wo uld a id him fro m h e nc e fo r t h A nd h e g a v e t h e m t h is mu c h o f p osse s s io ns b e y o n d t h e ir a c qu i sit i o ns in U l a d viz a T ri oc ha oe d in e v e ry o t h e r p ro v in c e o f Erin a nd a b a lly i n e v e ry T ri o c h a c c d a nd a h o us e a nd a rd e n in g T his is a no t h e r e v e ry b a lly p a r t o f t h e p rivile g e s viz t ha t t h e m e n o f E rin e x c e p t ing t he king a l o ne sh o uld rise up b e fo r e t h e m i n fa ir a nd a sse mbly a nd t h a t t h e y sh o uld r ise u p b e fo r e no ne T h e y sh ould ha v e a t h ir d o f t h e pro fi t s o f sh i p h a rb o urs ; p re c e d e nc e o f d ri nk b e d a nd a blu t io ns b e fo re t h e .
.
.
,
,
,
.
ag
ac a
i
,
we re
il e d e irinn
c uig e a d h e
bat t le
t
b ail e
us
ga c
as
king
a nd
,
.
t he
0
a
F e rgu s F o g h a , wa s sl a in i n t h e l a st b a t t le o f t h e m, viz t h e
no ig h
n o ire a d sa
a
t he
ha t
U l id i ns o f U la d
t he
to
,
of
ar
b e i t h l e is
t
he r
so ns
g o s i or m ha i t h m a r d o ib h
a no t
.
s oc h ra
n d ia ig h
a g us a
ma c h
a
na
c c o ng na mh a
us
s a o rrse
X V II I
fe a d h
b e id is g an b ua na c h t d f hagh a il
.
,
.
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
A PPEND
G an
fol a
e i ric
d o d hul
C o imhe d
r
hi a ll g be do
G io d h
e i e a nn
a ig e
h g
b ra igh d ib h
ar
ac a
na t
no ir
Ni
.
ra i b e
ha
Le a t h
.
ri h u a l a Rig h e ir e a nn a g h g g fa d a sl e a c ht a na c c o lla a gu s a
gu s
a
.
O sh a
muin g o b e a lt uine
e ire nn
ac a
fe a d h
mb ua nt a o i
Da
.
ar
r e a c h na n dia igh d hio b h a gus s ia d ar slu a ig h e a d h r igh e ire a nn c
ba
se
BO
h
ga c
b h o i n d o ib h
sa n
ar
ch
ag
d a m a it hib h
a o in
ded
sl e a gh
r igh
o
e ire a nn
s lua igh e a d h e ill
ag
ac
ht
C ir
No
ngia lla ib h re
mt e ar
a ir
c e it h r e
a
o rt h a
mb e it h
a s ui m e a
riu
Oirg ia lla ib h
ma ill e
e ire a nn ni
c c uid e a c h t a i n
a
.
b rat
sle a c h t a
c h uib h re a c h .
e ire a nn
da
gh
sl ab ra d o ir
re ir
fa
.
.
d a mb e id is
us ri
ua t h a a g
g b h io d h d o
a i rgi d
b hfhille a d h d a
i ar
c c olla
na
r ig h
do
do
T ri o c h a
.
T rio c h a
.
.
rig h
0
b al t
T ri o c h a
.
T rio c h a
u a d ha
t ua ras d ul
us
e ire a nn a r sl ua igh e a d h
c o lg
.
i
.
Ag
or
a nns o
h a ib h n e
.
A
d e ara r g la i s s o c h a ir
as
s in a
so c hra ib h
r igh
l
ei e s ia
na c
d
h
na
a s u a isl e a nul
t a ib h t o ra nna fe a ra inn c hlo inne na
,
.
-
h o st a ge s Of E rin ; t h a t wh o e v e r sou g ht t h e ir g uara nt e e sh o uld h a v e pro t e c t io n fo r a y e a r ; t h a t t h e y sh o uld h av e e v e ry w e a p o n u nsh e a t h e d i n
fi
l ain ne d fh ol mhug h a d h e d e r e a gu s c ac h C o innme a d h e a c h ra a gu s c h o n
la imh e
k nigh t s o f E rin in b a nqu e t ha ll s C o igny for t h e ir p e o pl e wh il s t t h e y mig h t b e w i t h o u t e t t i n t B h T h o n a t a t he y g g g s ho uld not l o se bl o o d e ric ; S h o uld h a ve t h e gu ard ing o f t he
b ra ig hd e
a c ht
e i re a nn
ri
ag
b e it h
do
m
ar
a
c c olla
.
i
.
Bo inn, Ba nna ,
.
.
.
c e a nn
G ac h
.
.
a
ar
o
nao nac h no
no c ht ar a e a c ht u s
g
ha
ac a
ra c h a d h
n io n c hui b h c o ma irc e
mb lia d h na
na t
IX VI I I
an
fa ir
o r a s se m
E rin of
fo r
ra c e
t he
Th e
.
fro m
had
pl e dge
bly
t
pl e d g e Of
king
he m
of
ly
on
king s h o uld
Th e
.
t h e C oll a s
ha ve t he h al f sh o uld e r o f t h e k ing of
-
E rin (t he righ t h im ) ,
b e si d e hi s
h a nd
si t o r s t a n
l e ngt h sp e a r s h o uld
a nd
a nd
to
t he
d
of
be
va c ant b e t we e n him a nd a ll o t he rs T h e y S h ould h a v e main t e na nc e fo r h o rs e a nd h o u n d t h ro ugh ou t E rin fro m A llh a l l o wt id e t o M a y If a pr e y w e r e t a k e n fro m t h e m in t h e ir re a r wh e n o n t he h o st ing o f t h e k ing o f E ri n t h e y s h o uld h a v e s ix c o w s fro m hi m for e v e ry c o w T h e p a y o f e a c h o f t h e ir g o o d m e n fr o m t h e king o f E rin o n .
.
,
,
.
,
a
h o st ing
,
was 2 1
c o ws
.
T he
k ing o f t h e ra c e o f t he Co lla s s h o uld g e t fr o m t h e k ing o f E rin a ft e r re t urni ng fro m his h o st ing 3 0 s wo rd s 30 silv e r b e lt s 3 0 sp e a rs 3 0 ga rme nt s a nd i f t h e king o f E rin h a d ,
,
,
,
,
,
a ny
h o st a ge s
was
no
fro m t h e m , t h e re
m a na c le
on
t
he m
sa
ve
A PPEND I
ag
t h usa
l e is
.
fuire a c h
d ut huigh s in a
no
do 0
.
so c h a ir
a
D ala C o ll a U a is a
a
d on
so c h ra ibh
na
d o bi
e re a g
fe in
ro i
fh e a ra nn
s in a g a
a
b hfhiu
c h uid
a
a ig e
h a c h t g
Ra gb h a is
sin
na
ar
d ub ra m ar
ri o
an
Iom
us a n Fhionn C ho ll a Ha i s ni o r
Eirne
us
me
ag
us
b ra it hrib h
a na i s a
.
m bu n
g a b a l t a is fe in a n alb a i n a gu s b h fh io nnlo c hl a nnuibh o sh o m
a le a g us a ng a b la i h e a nn u a d h a g ac
ht
a
mbu n
ar
fhill g o h e irinn d io bh a n d ut h c h a s a A se s o .
g a o ile a d h shle a c h t a rig h e ire a nn i C o ll a U a i s i C l a nn
c ra o bh s
.
.
.
D o mna ill
a
n a lb a in
us
ha
na t
ag
M ar a
.
n e irinn a
.
us
ag
a
ng a b la ig e a nn
t a id Cla nn Ra g
h
l u E s a n n o i n C g A irna murc h a nn a gu s M a c dub h g huill la t ha irn a gu s Cla nn A l as d a ir a ne irinn a gu s a na lb a n a gu s Cla nn t sit high na M un c h a n a u s m o ra n d o m a it hib h o il e g
ll
na i
na c
h
t ua ig h
a
a ire
a
mt e a r
s o nn
.
X V III o g
.
ld
unde r
c
ha in,
c o nt ro
t h e ki ng
l
he y
would b e
ui t e
in t h e
Erin
Of
t
s
of
fo r t h e
re as o n
lle d Oirgialla i s t ha t g o ld (or) i s t h e l o c k (gla s) fo r Th e se t h e ir h o st a g e s (gia lla ) t h e ir p rivil e g e s t o g e t h e r a re wit h o t h e r p rivil e ge s no t e nu m e ra t e d h e re Th e fo u r no bl e st r iv e rs i n U la d a re t h e b ound a r i e s o f t h e l a nd s o f t h e C l a n C o ll a vi z t h e Bo yne t h e Ba nn
t
he y
or
a re c a
.
,
.
,
E rne
t he
.
,
a nd
,
,
t h e Finn
As
.
s C o ll a Ha i s h e d i d n o t d g t hink it w o r t h whi l e r e m a ining wit h hi s sh a re o f t h e c ount ry o r o f t h o s e priv il e g e s we h a v e m e nt i o ne d fo r h e h im se l f h a d E rin a nd t he ki ngship e re t h e n He l e ft t h e l a n d a n d t h o s e p ri vi le g e s t o his br o t h e rs Wit h re a r d f rt h e r u g ( ) t o C olla U a i s h e r e m aine d in t h e fo und a t io n o f his o wn a c quisi t io n s i n A lb a n a nd Fi nnl o c hla nn (I nnsi ro m t h a t t ime t o t h i s a nd a ll f g ) a ll wh o d e sc e nd fro m h im e x c e p t t h o se t h a t r e t ur ne d t o Erin or t h e fou nd at io n o f t h e ir i nh e r it a nc e T h e s e are t h e bra nc h e s o f t h e ra c e o f t h e king o f E rin viz C olla U ais viz t h e Cl a n D o na ld o f E rin a nd A lb a n a nd t h o se wh o d e sc e nd fro m t h e m a s are t h e Cl a n B a na ld Of t he n o rt h t h e Cl a n I a n A rd na mu rc h a n a n d re
ar
,
,
,
.
.
,
,
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
,
,
M a c D o uga ll
of
L o rn,
a nd
t he
C l a n A l as t e r o f E rin a nd A lb a n, V OL
.
111
.
2
G
46 6
A PP END l X
VII I
.
h e e hy Of M un s t e r a nd ma ny o t h e r g o o d me n n o t e nume r a t e d h e r e t h e Cla n S
a nd
,
.
G ENEA LA C H NA HA LBA N
E o in
D OMH NA LL
MIC
G EN EA L OG Y
1O
Jo h n (Lord of
ma c
1 380) Oig
A e ngusa
A LB A
A LD s OF
A ngu s
mi c
M A C D ON
OF T H E
N
.
I sles, d ied
the
so n o f
the I sle s)
f
(Lord
og
o
so n o f
A ngu s m o r
A e ngusa mo ir mi c
the I sles )
f
(Lord
o
s on o f
D o na ld (Lord Re g ina ld
f
o
t he I sles)
K ing
,
so n Of
I sl e s ,
t he
of
son o f
S o ma irli mic
(Kingle t
S o m e rl e d
A rgyll)
f
o
so n Of
Gille b rigd e mic
G ille b rid e
G ille a d a m na in mic
G illa d o mna n
S o la imh mi c
S o l o mo n
I m e rg i
11
so n o f so n o f
son o f
Je hma rc (d id homa ge 1 0 2 9 ) son of
m ic
S ui bhne
f
son o
N ia llgusa
M a ine
Ere
f
son o
f
son o
Godfre y F e rgus
t o Ca nui e
f of
son o
son
f
son o
Ec ha c h
f
son o
Colla Ua is
.
C RA EBSGA I ELED CLA N N D OM N A LL A N S O i C la nn Eo in a .
10
m ot e 11
T
ake n
a nd
o
M a c Fi rbis
M e a rg a id h e
,
oo k s Of Ba ll i
OF T HE
a
dd s
a
na m e
q uo
.
as
He
CL A N
h e re viz t he c h il l n U M g id h e ,
.
t e rm s t h c a a e r m e a n i ng th t thi s n a me w s i ve d from thi s M e a g a id h na me i s u nk n o wn in S c ot l a n d e
a
a
a
.
gi v e s thi s
a nd
D ON A L D
.
fr m t h e B
Le c c an
T H E BRA N C HES
r
a
r
e
.
.
,
de Th e
A PPEND I
hile E o in a gus Ragnall a gu s m hic G o fra ig t ri mic E
,
,
.
og
ag
us
,
E o in a gus A e ng us agu s A l e x I I I I mhic i ngh e n a nd a ir .
G al t iu i .
.
A lb an g
ri
.
d re n o f J o h n L o r d o f t h e I sl e s J o hn a nd Re gi nald a nd G o d fre y t h e t h re e so ns o f A m ie m a c Ro ry ; D o na ld 0 g a nd J o hn a nd A ng u s a nd A l e x a nd e r fo ur s o ns o f t he d aught e r o f G a lt ur (Ro b e r t ) king o f A lba n T he C la n D ona ld Clan Ra nald a nd Cl a n G o dfre y m e e t a t J o hn L o rd o f t he I sle s The c h ild re n Of Re g ina ld we re A lla n a nd J o hn who wa s blin d from yo ut h a nd D onald a nd A ngu s Ria bh a c h a nd D ug ald a nd t h e s e a re t h e c hild re n o f A ll a n viz Ro d e ri c
12
Rua i d ri ; D o mna ll
X VIII
,
.
,
.
E oin
Ag
c o n d re g a id
hil e
a
Clann D o mnall
Ol a nu
us
ag
us C la nn G o fruig Gl a u n Ra g na ll Ai lin a gu s E o i n d o bi d a ll fa d e o ig a g us D o m na ll a g u s A e ng usa Ria b h a c h D ub g aill a gu s a g so a gu s i Ola n u A il in c l a nu a s in Rua id ri a gu s U i s d inn a gu s Ragna ll
ag
.
.
E o in
.
,
,
.
,
Ola nu D o m na ll mh ic Ra gna ll E o in d ar mat ha ir La iglib ing na
Hui s t e in
a nd
.
c a illi e
Th e
a
Ol a nu i ngh e a n mh ic C im isin
c
hildre n
mac le s i .
E o in
.
a lg e
.
busa
O
ae n
i A e ngu s
Oig
.
fe in
a ma e la n a c
Oig
wo o d s ,
hild re n
a ir
vi z
.
hi m
of
ma e
a nd
t he
A ngu s
.
Of o g,
d a u gh t e r
of
.
o ne
so n,
.
A ngu s
og,
g o o d so n, a nd h a d in
b a ld h e a d e d yo ut h Th e c h ild re n o f D u g a ld so n o f Re gi na ld a re a nd A e ngu s t h e re d T h e c hild re n Of G o d fre y w e re A ngus a nd J o hn a nd S o me rl e d a n d Re i na ld g A ngu s dyi ng e a rly d id no t l e a v e a ny m a l e c h ildr e n wh o h a d Offsp ring
us
ag
a
-
.
.
E oin a gu s S o ma irli agu s Rag ll A e ng u s
son o f
,
J ohn h a d b ut Jo h n viz A ngu s Ria c h h a d o ne
.
na
a nd
Blind
.
C lann D ub g a ill m hi c Ra gna ll a u s A e n us Rua d h g g
Ol a nu G o fruig A e ngu s
D o na ld
A l e xa nd e r
,
t he
.
ma c ma it a ig
.
C ima ir
of
.
A e ngu s Ria b h a c h
John
mo t h e r wa s
M a c im i e ac u
a nd
J o h n w h o se L aiglib d aught e r
c
E oin d all
of
.
Re g ina ld w e re
l e x a nd a ir u s A g a u s A e ngu s Oig g
he n C im a i r
,
,
.
.
t ra t h nir fa g a il a gb a t a s il
l
u
o an
.
.
12
T
ak e n
o
fr m
MS
.
14 6 7
.
468
A PPEND I
X VI I I
.
T HE C L A
N
13 L T I A AS A R .
M a r c u s ma c
M a rc us
S o ma irlig mic
S o m e rl e d
Ala xa nd a ir mic
A l e x a nd e r
A e ng us a m o r
A ngus m o r, Lo rd
ma c
E o in
J ohn
Ra gh na ill
14
mic
so n o f son o f so n of
Re ginald
A e ng usa m o ir
A n gu s m o r
so n o f .
mac
A ngu s
o
A e ng usa mic
A ng u s
so n o f
Al a x a nd a ir m ic
A l e x a nd e r
A e ngus a m o ir
A ngu s m oir
E o in
mac
J oh n
so n o f
g
so n o f .
so n o f
S o m airli m i c
S o m e rl e d
Eo ind ub mic
Bla c k
A l a x a n d a ir m i c
A l e x a nd e r
A ngu s m o r
A ngu s m or (L ord
G o dfre y m a c
G o dfre y
A n g u s mh i c
A ngu s
A l e x a nd e r A ngu s
o
Oig
ma c
dh a r
s on o f
J ohn
A l e x a nde r
Oig
A n gu s t h e
p ale
A l e x a nd e r
A l e x a nd e r
g
S o m e rl e d
G illa b rigd i m ic
G ille b rid e
G o fra ig mi c
G o d fre y
13
sc en
f
The
d d f om A l e
r
m o r , a re O i Ba l lim o t e g us
1 46 7,
a nd ,
de~
,
a x a n d a ir , so n Of
ta k
en
a nd
o
fr m t h e B
Le c c an
thou gh b e a ri ng
a nd
no
14
An
ook s MS
t it l
e
.
,
Oig
of
.
son o f
s o n Of
so n o f Oig
us
.
e
C
l
an
A
l d i as
a r
R a g h n a l l m ac A l a x a n d a ir ,
l
t he O
a nu
.
.
h e ir
A l a x a n d a i r, i s m e n
t io n e d in t h e A nna
1 363
.
.
bv io ly t h
a re O
the I sles)
so n o f
A l e xan de r
oll ow in g b ra n c h e s
f
o
s on o f
S o m a irli ma c
Oig
so n Of
son o f
T e a rla c h
Oi
so n Of
so n o f
T o ird e alb a c h mhic
A le x a nd a ir
.
so n o f
A l e x a nd e r
og
t h e I sl e s
so n o f
Ale x a nd a ir mi c A e ngu s
of
l
s
Of
U
lt
s er
in
A PPEN D
I X V III
.
T HE C L A N M U ROR A
D o mna ll m a c
D o na ld
A e ngu s m ic
A ng u s
N
IAN
OF
A RD NA
15 .
so n o f
so n o f
A e ngus a m o r
b o ld so n Of A ngus mor (Lord of the
D o mna ll m a c
D o na ld
A la x a nd a ir mic
A l e x a nd e r
D o m na ill m i c
D o na ld (Lord
Ra g hna ill m ic
Re g ina ld (Lord
E o in
sp ra ng a ig
Jo hn
mi c
t he
I sles)
.
so n o f s o n Of
f
o
the I sles)
f
o
t he
so n o f
I sle s)
so n o f
S o ma irli
S o me rl e d
D o n d c ha d
a
Eac h o nd
gu s
da
D un c a n
.
a nd
Eo c ha t wo
s o ns o f
mh ic A la x a nd a ir m ic
A l e x a nd e r
D o mna ll mic
ld so n Re g ina ld D
Ra gh na ill
E o in
a
g us
son of
o na
Of
.
Gilla e sp i c d a mh ic
J o hn
G ille sp ie t wo
a nd
D o nnc h a id m ic
D unc a n
Ala x a nd a ir m ic
A l e x a nd e r
D o mna ill m ic
D o na ld
Ra ghna ill
Re gina ld
T o ird e a lb a c h
ag
us
Lo c hla n d a
s on o f so n Of
s o n Of .
T e a rla c h
mh ic
s o ns Of
a nd
Lo c hla n t wo
s o ns
Of
Ea c hd uind mic
Boc h a
A la x a nd a ir m ic
A l e x a nd e r
D o m na ill m ic
D o na ld
Ra ghna il l
Re g ina ld
so n o f so n o f
s on of .
oo k MS an a nd 1 4 6 7 tho u gh of L w itho u t a tit l e i s e v i d n t ly th a t o f
o ll owin g d e s c e nda nt s o f n o f D o n a ld L o d o f A l e xa nd e t h e I l s f o m Boo k o f L e c c a n a nd
t he C
MS
15
T hi p d ig s
e
re e
ec c
an
aken
.
,
l
,
t
o
fr m B ,
e
I a n A r d n a mu r c h a n
.
16
The f
r, s o
s e
.
14 6 7
,
.
r
,
r
A PPEND I
G ENEA LA OH M AO D U BHGA I LL
17
X V II I
.
G ENEA L OG Y
E o in mac
J oh n
A il in m ic
A ll a n
or
MA OD OU GA LL
son of
so n o f
E o in mic
John
A la x a nd a ir mic
A le x a nde r
son of
Eo ga n m o ir m ic
E we n mo r
so n o f
D o nc h a d h m i c
D u nc a n
s o n Of
D o u g a ll
so n Of
D ub hga ill mic
19
so n o f
18
Raghna ill
Re g ina ld
g u c o nc ra ig i d na t ri c in e d uigh i C la nn D o mna ill
wh e re t h e t h re e t rib e s
.
M a c Ro ry
us
E o in mac E o in mic
20
J o hn John
A la x a n d a i r A la x a nd a ir
ag
ag
og
mac
us
S o ma irli
C e it hri mh ic
E o in
ag
us
A il in
m ic
D o nnc h a id h
E OI N
BOG A IG 21
un
S o m a i rli 18
A
lo o
a s
d
er
t he
c c u rs
r
g
d A ll an
w e re
t he
so n o f
C LA N
LA M E
of
ook
‘
MS
19
.
of
C l a nn
OF
J OHN
.
son of son of
so n of
D ub g a l l i s
s on of c an
T HE
he
Re gin a is
c
ld
one o u s ly m a d e I n Boo k Of L e c
e rr .
orre c t ly
ma d e
so n
S o m e rl e d 20 F r o m t h e B oo k o f L e c c a n 21 F ro m Book o f L e c c a n a n d
of
.
e a rs
i n 1 49 1
as
o
D minu s
Joh n ne d e E g a d ia liu s n o b i l i s v i i D omini A le x a nd ri d e Erga d ia a
0
an
fo ur s o ns o f J oh n A l e x a nd e r so n o f D u nc a n
fi a nd
in B
na m e
.
pp
S o m e rl e d
Al e x a nd e r
S o me rl e d
F ro m BOOk Of Ba l l im o t e
Le c c an
.
a nd
L o c hla n
S oma irli mi c
It
J o hn
J ohn
L o c h l a nd m ic
.
g
so n o f
.
E o in m a c
1 46 7
o
so n o f
a nd
og
A la x a nd a ir mi c
17
.
s o n Of
A l e x a nd e r
Ala x a nd a ir
C LA N N
ve rg e
s on o f
A l e x a nd e r
J o hn
us
c on
.
A la x a nd a ir
E o in
t he
A l e x a nd e r
mi c
E o in
of
C la n D o na ld , C l a n D ub g all, a nd
.
Cla nn D ub ga ill agu s Ma c Ru a id ri
ag
s
.
r
.
.
Ms
A PPEND I
D
m ic
o nnc h a d h
X VII I
.
D u nc a n
so n o f
D ubhg a il D o nd c ha d m a c
D ou g a ll
A la x a nd a ir m ic
A le x a nde r
D unc a n
m ic
E o in
.
Joh n
son o f
so n o f
D o nc h a id
D unc a n
M al c o la im ma c
M al c ol m
L o c hl a n d m i c
L o c h la n
E o in
m ic
J o hn
.
F e a rc ha r
ag
us
L o c hl and
us
son o f son o f
so n o f
D u nc a n
D o nc h a d
.
Fe r c ha rd
ag
I m a r t ri mh i c
so n o f
a nd
I v o r t h re e
L o c hla n so n s o f
G illa c o l um m ic
M a l c o lm
I ma ir m ic
I vo r
D ub hg a ill m ic
D o uga ll
son of
L o c h l a n d m ic
L o c hla n
son of
D o nc ha d mi c
D u nc a n
D ub g a ill
D o u g a ll
S o m a irli d a
us
A la x a nd a ir
ag
E o in
mi c
s o n Of
so n o f
so n o f .
A l e x a nd e r
mhic
fi fi fi fi J oh n
so n o f
A l e x a nd e r
D o nnc h a id h m i c
D u nc a n
D ub hg a ill
D o ug a ll
s on o f
s o n Of
.
G ENEA LA OH M H I C RU A I D RI 22
G EN EA L OG Y
T o ma s ma c Ragnall nn
Th o ma s
m ic
or
Ra na ld t h e wh it e , L o c hl a n
A ilin mi c
A ll a n
Rua id ri mi c
Ro d e r ic
Ra g na ill
Re g ina ld (Lord
o
Le c c an 23
14 6 7
nn e i e
ma c
ook s
Ba llim o t e
l
Fr m B a nd
o
MS
Fr m B .
.
ook
R e gin a
of
1 46 7
ld
Of
M A ORORY s on o f
s on o f
so n o f
or
Ro ry
s o n Of
the I sles)
f
o
.
A n o t h e r Ra na ld t he wh it e , s o n
a nd
h t e o f G rmo ra n n d oth e r l nd f om D a vi d I L n d his fa th e r l iu s A l n i o f t h e s m Ro d e i c l a n d s f om Ro b e t Bru c a
a
.
Le c c an
.
so n o f
L o c hl o ind mi c
92
S o me rl e d t wo
a nd
so ns o f
A la x a n d a i r m i c
Rag nall
a nd
and
MS
.
l iu s Ro d e ri c i h a s
c
r
ar
s
a
a
r
,
a
a
r
r
r
a
e
.
e
47 2
A PPEND I
X V I II
.
Rua id ri m ic
Ro d e ric
Ail in mic
A lla n
Rua id ri mi c
Ro d e ric
Ra gna ill
Re g ina ld (Lord
Fe are h a r
mhic
ag
D o nnc h a d
us
s o n Of
s on o f so n o f
Fe rc ha rd
24
a nd
so n o f
D ub ga ill mic
D o uga ll
son o f
Rua id ri mic
Ro d e ric
so n o f
Ra gh na ill
Re g ina ld (Lord
D O Ra gh na ll s in C o mra ig Ola n u D o m na ll a g us Ola nu Rua id ri
25 .
i Rua d d ri .
gu s D o m n a ll d a m h i c Ra gh nall D e a rb ra t h a ir a
.
d o Ra ghna ll s in D ub g a ll a quo C la nn D ub g a ill
upp o se d Nia ll N a o i dub h h e a d s l a in 9 1 7 s
,
-
,
.
HY NEI LL o r ra c e o f t h r o ug h Nia ll G lu n
k ing o f I re la nd no r t h e r n Hy N e ill
t he
,
D on c h a d h mi c
D un c a n
L a d m a nn
G io lla c o luim mi c
M al c o l m Le c c an
.
one ou s ly Co n d re c i d h C la nn Ru a i d i g u s C l a nn D o m na ll a g u s Gl a u n D ub g a ill —c o u 25
MS
a
.
1 46 7 ha s
e rr
r
a
.
s o n Of
La d ma inn mic
of
CLA N
so n o f
M a lc o l m
ook
I re la nd ,
son o f
G io lla c o luim mic
Fr m B
OF T HE
Of
N N OR LAM ONT s
Ro b e rt
J o hn
k ing
d
an
G EN EA L OG Y
Ro i b e rt ma c m ic
.
.
G ia lla c h , of
o
,
MA
o
so ns
f the I sles) A t t h is Re g ina ld m e e t t h e C l a n D o nald a nd Cla n Ro ry for Ro d e ri c a nd D o na ld we re t he His t wo s o ns o f Re g ina ld bro t he r g e r ma n wa s D o ug a ll fr o m wh o m w e r e d e sc e nd e d t h e C l a n D o ug all
t o b e d e sc e nd e d fro m t he
G ENELAOH C L A N N LA D M A N N 26
34
.
of
D unc a n
E o in
the I sle s)
D unc a n t wo
D o nd c h a id m ic
C L A NS
f
o
so n o f son o f
so n o f
v g d t h Cla n Ro ry C l n D o n ld nd C l n D o g ll T hi n d t h th f o ll ow ing er
e
e
,
u
a
a
26
o
a
e
s a
fr m t h e M s 1 4 6 7 .
a
a
,
.
re e
a nd
a re
M a c F i rb is
.
A PPEND
IX
VI I I
.
F e a rc ha ir m i c
F e rc ha r d
D uinsle ib e m i c
D uinsle ibh e
A e d a Al a in i Buirc h e
A e d a A la in t he Bu irc he ,
A nra d a n m ic
A nra d a n
F l a i t h b e rt a i g h m i c
Fla herty
M urc e rt a c h m ic
M urc erta c h
D o m na ll m ic
D ona ld
M urc e rt a c h m ic
Murc e rta c h
Ne ill
N ia ll Glund ubh
.
.
G lund ub
so n o f
f
son o
f of
son o
son
f
son o
f
son o
f
son o
D OG ENELA OH M HI OLAC HL A N OG
G EN EA L OG Y
C a i ne a c h m a c
K e nne t h
E o in mic La c hl a n m ic
J o h n s o n Of L a c hl a n s o n
Gilla p a d ruig mic
G illa p a d rig
L a c h l a n m o i r mi c
La c h l a n M o r
G illa p a d ru ig m ic
G illa p a d rig
G illa c ris t mi c
G illa c ris t
A e d a A l a in
A e d a A la in
re na b a rt a
A nra d a n
Cla nna
Buirc he m ic
c a lle d
c o nd re
N e ill
g a id e d N a i G i a llac h
Bla c k Knee )
(
or
OF
M A OLA OH LA N
son o f son o f
so n o f
f
son o
B uirc he
f
son o
A nra d a n, whe re i t
c onve rges
.
d a u gh t e r
L a d ma nn m a t ha ir
L a d m a nn wa s m o t h e r ag
,
a nd
of
A gn e s t h e
,
a nd
M o rma ir C o mg a ill ma t ha ir
t h e L o rd
us
mot he r
m a t ha ir G illa p a d ru ig ing e n D o m na ll m ic
E iri
t he
C e inne d o n t ige rna Ca irge
s o n Of a
gu s
of
of
Of
of
C a rric k
o
g
a nd
G illa p a d rig
d au gh t e r
E ric
Of
C o wa ll wa s
La c hl a n
mo t h e r
wa s t h e
m ic
,
of
J o h n a nd E l iz a b e t h d a u gh t e r
Oig a g
G ill e sp ie
d a ug h t e r
g us Ea lusa i d i ng e n L a c hla i n
of
M a c d o nald wa s t h e
m o the r
a
of
so n o f
K e nn e t h P a t ri c k
us
A g a is inge n m ic D o mna ill ma t ha ir
E o in
with
the Cla n Ni a ll N a oi Gia lla c h
D u nc a n
gu s P a dr a ig G illa e s p ic a gu s
.
f
o
C a t h e rin e t h e
a
.
so n o f
C a it rina ing e n D o nc ha d h m ic C a i nig
f
s on o
of
D o na ld
m a c K e nne dy L o rd a nd
t he
d au g h t e r
of
A PPEND
I X VII I
.
i ng e n La c hl a n mi c
L a c hl a n ma c Ro ry wa s t h e
Rua id ri ma t h a ir
mo t h e r
G illa pa d ruig i A t e g .
.
no
M
.
G ENELA OH C L A N N S OM A I RLE
At e g
G illa p a d ric ,
of
M
or
D o na ld
.
so n o f
so n o f
D o na ld
s on o f
S o m e rl e d
so n o f
F e rc h a rd
so n o f
D unsl e b h e
G ENELAOH M H I C EOG A I N H OI T R EA C A NN S O
Bal t u ir ma c
E o in
OF
so n O f
G ill e s p i c A ng u s
f
son o
G ENEAL OG Y
MA OEW EN
OF
OTT ER HERE
.
Wa l t e r
son o f
J o hn so n o f
mic
Eo g a in mi c
E we n
Gillae s p i c mic
G ill e sp i e
s on O
f
so n o f so n o f so n o f
S a ib a ira n m ic
S a ve ra n
D uinsle ib e mi c
D un sl e b he
A c d a A l a in
A e d a A la in
c a lle d
Buirc h e m i c
Buirc he
f
A nra d a n mic
A nra d a n
Fla t hb e rt a igh
F la herty
re na b a rt a
.
.
G EN EA L OG Y S OR L EY
viz
so n o f
f
son o
son o
.
f
son o
APPEND
CL A N S
I X V I II
.
fi
upp o se d t o b e d e sc e n d e d fro m C ORC so n o f k ing o f Mu nst e r Of t h e line Of H e b e r
s
.
,
M ung fhio nn i ng e n F e a ra d a ig Fi nn F e a c h t na igh
27
r i gh
28 i C ru t h ne ac h A lb a n ma t h a ir
mh i c d o C o r c i
c e it h re
.
C a irb re C rui t hne c h a n
M a ine Le am na L e a m nuigh
C a irb re
us
p e o pl e
t he
Of
F ro m C a irb re 29
Of
Eog a na c h t L o c h a L e in
t he
of
C ru it hnig h
of
A lb a n
ba
or
t h e in
h e rit a nc e
of
d o Cruit hne a c h a nuibh
m o t h e r wh o w a s
A lb a n i C a irb re C ru t h
of
.
.
M uighg e a rra i n
ne a c h an a
gus M a ine L e a mna M uigh e L e a mna
a
27
o
Fr m M S
T
.
C
.
ne c h a n a nd
a
t he D
.
.
,
H
25
.
.
i n oth Th d ition f thi l g nd in M s B d R wl 50 2 T h B o dl i n M S h C it h i nt t h th t i Pi tl n d Th B d M S dd d i bi A ng i A lb i n th o gh who m e re
s
a
e
e
23
ua
29
e
er
o
.
e
us r
a
o
s,
c
.
.
a
’
,
o
a
e a
e
,
e
.
a
A lb a n
s
,
.
.
as
ru
a
.
.
s
r
‘
u
a
ra
viz
.
of
on
t h e ir
of
Pic t s C ru t h
t he
C a irb re
in t h e M e arns
M a i ne L e a m na i n
pl ain
of
t he
wa s A ng u s , k i n g
gi v
C a irb re
.
in A lb a n
ne c h a n, se t t e
m a t h a ir
Of
C a i rb re C ru t h
a nd
l d
d io b h
t he
a re
viz
Lua c hra
us
A os
.
Lua c h ra 30
C a irb re
L o c h a le in,
k ing d o m
t he
T h e t wo C a irb re s
.
am
.
a nd
G re in e ; C ro na n fro m wh om
A n d a C a irb re i C a irb re C rut hne ac h a n
.
t h e Eo g a na c h t
a re
Eo g a n ac h t
Ea m a ni a
us
a re
L e nno x i n A lb a n
A o s A rt a , A o s A ll a
u s A o is a rt a a gu s A o is A lla a g us A o is g re i ne C ro na n a q uo C ru it h n r ige Ea m ain
ag
wh o m
M e a rns in A lb a n
t he
a re
ag
.
a nd
C a irb re Lua c h ra fro m wh o m
q uo
a
.
M a i ne L e a m na fro m
Eo g a nac h t
C a irb re Lu a c hra
d augh t e r o f Fe ra d a c h Finn F a c ht na igh k ing o f t h e P ic t s o f A lb a n wa s t h e m o t h e r o f fo ur so ns t o C o rc vi z nn
C a irb re C ru i t h ne c h a n
A lb a n
an
q uo
a
ag
q uo
a
M ung
,
.
M uig he g e a rra i n in A lb a n
an
Lugha idh,
,
en
by
Fe r
gu
Of
T ig h e rna c
k
s,
d i d in 7 6 1 e
Le ve n
in g
Of
A
lb
to t he
an,
’
a na m e
gu s o n P i c t s wh
An
,
s
o
,
.
C a irb re Lu a c h ra is m s a k e fo r M a n e
3°
by i t
.
i
h re i ns e rt d L e mna e
e
a
.
A PPEND I
NA A N S O S I o s
V I II
.
fi
G EN EA L OG Y
G EN EA LA OH M ORM A OR L EA M
X
31
OF
D o nnc h ac h ma c
OF T HE M ORM A ERS
D u nc a n
(
Ba l t a ir mic
Wa l t e r
32
A mla imh mi c
A wl e y
so n o f
D o nnc ha c h m ic
D un c a n
A mla o imh
A wle y t he
mi c
(d e
'
H ERE
.
f
o
Le nnox)
F a sse la ne )
of
so n
so n o f
y o ung
A mla o imh m o r m ic
A wle y m o r,
A ili n mic
Ail in
A il in m o r
(
,
so n o f
so n o f
(sec ond
so n Of
A ilin mo r mic
N
e ighth e a rl
so n o f
og
D OW
LEN N o x
e arl
f
L e nnox)
f
L e nnon)
o
rst e a rl
o
so n o f
M uire a d h a igh mic M a o ld o mh na ig h mi c
M ure d a c h so n M a e ld o vna ig h
M a i ne L e a mna mic
IlI a ine Le amna
C uirc mi c
Core
Lugh a id h
Lugha idh
s
f of
s on o son
f
son o .
V C LA NS
of
upp o se d
.
d e sc e n d e d fro m i n S c o t la nd
t o be
K ing s o f D a lria d a
t he
.
Fir st G ro up — C l a n s
dac h
of
d e sc e nd e d fro m F e are h a r fa d a so n o f Fe a ra T rib e o f L o rn k ing o f D a lria d a d ie d 6 9 7
t he
,
.
,
G ENEA LA OH C LA N N D U RH 33
G ENEA L OGY OF T H E C LA N D U FF
M ae lsne c ht a ma c
M a e ls ne c t a i (king of M ora y d ,
1 0 8 5) 31
a nd 32
o
Fr m M S MS
14 6 7
.
W a l te r
M a r ga re t
.
T
.
C
.
D
.
,
H
l
.
,
7 ;
d e F a s s e l a n e ma rrie
d ght
d
au
e r a nd
e re
,
r
.
a
er
e
,
e
r
,
-
ra
,
a
r
r
.
so n o f
g a ndfa th e r T h is p e d i gre e s u ppl i t h o m itt e d l i n k s T hi s ge n e l og y o c c u in t h e Ba l lim o t e a n d B oo k s o f L e i n s t hi s w fe
’
r
s
.
e
es
.
h i ss o f D o na ld s i x th Ea rl o f L e nn o x Hi s fa th e A l n is by t h e p e a g e w it e s i d e n ti fie d w ith A w l y g n d s on Of A l u i n s c o n d e a l b u t thi s w o u ld p ut h im i n t h e sa m e g e n e r tio n with ,
i
.
33
.
rs
a
e r,
,
L e c c a n , i n M S 14 6 7 , M s Bo d Ra w .
.
50 2 ,
a nd
T
.
C D .
.
,
.
l
H 2 , 18 w h e re it .
,
is c a e t h e G e n e a og o f t h e C a n D u ff , i n t h e B ook o f L e i n s t e r t h e C a n Lu l a ig h , in M S Bo d R i A a n
ll d
l
l y .
l
.
lb
.
A PPEND I
Lula ig m ic
X V I II
.
(ki ng
Lu l a c h 1 0 5 8)
f
o
1 0 32)
so n o f
M a e lb rig d e mi c
M a e l brigd a
so n o f
Rua d ri m ic
Rua d ri
so n o f
D o m na ll mic
D o na ld
s o n Of
M o rg a ind m i c
M o rga n
D o mna ll m ic
D o na ld
C a t h m a il m i c
C a t hm a il
Rua d ri m ic
Rua d ri
A irc e lla c h m ic
A irc e lla c h
F e rc h a ir fh o d a mic
F e rc ha r fa d a
F e ara d a ig mi c
F era d a c h
F e rgu s a m ic
F e rgus,
S ne a c h t a in mi c
S nea c hta in
C o lma i n m i c
Colma n
d
.
Ea t ha ig m ic
so n o f so n o f
f
son o
f
son o
f
son o
f
s on o
f
son o
f
son o
son o
M ured a ig
D ourn mor
Et h a c h munre amh a r
Etha c h munre a mha r
M a c Bia d mac
M a c b e t h (king
Ere
Finnlae ic mic
f son of
son o
f
son o
1 0 58)
F ind la e c h
G EN ELA OH M I C NEAC HTA I N
31
M uiris m a c M a lc o lumm ic M uiris mic M ae lc oluim m ic 35
1 46 7
S c otla nd , d
.
M rma er o o M r ay o f (
.
,
so n Of
Rua d ri
son o f
D o na ld
s on o f
M o rg a n
f
o
.
son o f
d 1 020 )
.
,
son o f
M ure d a ig m ic Lo a rn m o ir m i c E iro mic
o
f M ora y
o
f Bua d a n son of Etha c h son of
Bua d an m ic
Fr m M S
.
son o f
G illc o m g a n (M orma e r
G illic o mga n mi c
34
S c otla nd , d
.
G EN EA L OG Y
OF
M AONA OHTA N
.
M a uri c e s o n o f M a l c o l m so n o f 35 M a u ri c e so n o f M a l c o lm s o n o f
M a u ric e M a c Na u gh t o n h a s
h a te r f om C o l i n C L o c ho w o f l a n d s in Ov e c
.
a
r
r
a
r
mpb e ll L
oc ho w
of .
A PPEND
IX
V I II
.
G ibu in mic
G il b e r t
36
s o n Of
Fe rc ha e r m ic
Fe rc hard
so n o f
G illc hris t mic
G il c h ris t
so n Of
D o mna ill mic
D o nald
Ne a c h t a in mic
Na c ht a n
A rt uir m i c
A r t hu r
son o f
G ib ui n m i c
G ilb e rt
so n o f
Ne a c ht a in m ic
Na c h t a n
I so g mi c
I sa ac
G illa mart a in m i c
G illa m a rt a n
A e ng usa m ic
A ngu s
I mha ir mi c
I v or
Ne a c ht a in Ne a c h t a in
og
m ic
nisin
m ic
Fe rgusa m i c
Ne a c h t a n mic C o lm a i n m i c Bua d a n mic
Ea t ha c h m i c
M uire d a ig m i c L o a rn m o ir mi c
m ic
I GH A N N S O I .
T N
OA A
.
son of
s o n Of
t he
,
Etha c h munre a mha r
Ec h a c h m uinre a mh a ir
G EN ELAOH C L A N N
so n o f
,
F e ra d a igh m ic
o
s o n Of
y o u ng s on o f Na c ht a n Of t h e wo u nd s s o n o f N a c h t a n mor son of D ona ld d onn (or t he brown) son of F e rc ha r fa d a son of Fera d a c h son of Fe rgus son of N e a c hta n son of Colma n son of Bua d a n son of Ea tha c h son of M ure d a c h son of L oarn mor son of Ere son of
Fe rc h a ir fa d a m ic
D
so n o f
so n o f
Na c ht on
Ne a c ht a n m o ir mi c D o mna ill d uinn mic
E ir o
so n o f
.
AN
T OI s
C LA N N G ILL A
37
G EN EA L OG Y
C LA N
OF T HE
T OS H A C H H ERE V I Z C LA N G I LL A OHAT T A N Willia m a nd D o nald t wo ,
T HE
.
.
Willia m a gu s
D omnall d a mhic
so ns
Of
Willia m
so n o f
F e rc h a rd (me ntioned in 1 38 3)
William 36
In
AN
Will ia m
m ic 1 29 2
t e rr Gi lb e rti M a c N a ugh t o n a
so n o f so n o f 37
.
o
F r m M S 1 46 7 .
.
A PPEND
IX VI II
47 9
.
G illa mi c h o l mi c
G illa m ic h a e l
F e rc h a ir mi c
F e rc h a rd
D is ia b mi c
S ha w
G illac rist m ic
Gil c h ris t
A ig c o l mi c
A ig c o l
Eo g a in m ic
E we n
so n o f
so n o f s o n Of
so n o f
so n of
m ic mic
so n o f
Ne ill
so n
t he
.
L o c hla n
s o n Of
S uibh ne
s on o f
S ha w Le od
s on o f
so n o f
S c a y t h (me nt ioned i n 1 3 38 )
so n Of
F e rc h ar m i c
F e rc h a rd
son o f
G illa c rist m ic
G il c hrist
so n o f
M a e lc o la im m ic
M al c o l m
so n o f
D o mna ill
D o na ld ,
re na
b a rt a
i n Ca imgilla mic
ca
C a img ill a
M ure a c h mi c
M ure a c h
S uib ne mic
S ui b h ne
T e a d h mic
Te a d
Ne a c ht a in m ic
N a c h t a in
G illa c h a t a in
la c a t a n
o
lle d
t he
s o n Of
,
s on o f s on o f
so n o f s on of
G illa c h a t t a n, fro m who m d e
fuile d Cla nn
mic
sc e n
d e d t he
t a n,
so n o f
Gla u n G illac h a t
G a llb ra it m ic
G a llb ra it
son o f
D ia rma da
D ia r m a d
ca
r e n a b a rt a
lle d L e c t o r son of
F e a r L e ighinn mic Erc mic
Ere
C o ul a it m i c
Conla ith
F e are h a ir fo t a mic
F erc ha r f a d a
F e a ra d a igh
F e ra d a c h
t he
an
‘
C A M S ROI N
f
son o
f
son o
f
son o
.
G EN EL A OH C L A N N F HA I G H
,
MA EL A N
(CLA NN )
G E N EA L OG Y
M I L L ON Y
G ILLA
38
R ON 38
o
Fr m M S
.
1 46 7
.
.
OF OR
THE
CLAN
C LA N
CA M E
A PPEND I
X VI I I
.
Eo g h a n ma c
E we n
D o mna ll d uib h m ic
D o nald
A il in m a e l a nfa id mic
A ll a n M illo ny
mic
P o il
Pa ul
so n o f
dubh
so n o f so n o f
s o n Of
G illa p a d ruig mi c
G illa p a t ric k
so n o f
G illa m art a in mic
G illa mart a n
so n o f
m ic
P o il
P a ul
M illo ny
M a ila nfa id m ic
O
us
fuili d
so n o f
q uo G illa c a msroi n e l a nu M a e la nfa igh
G ille ro t h
40
a nd
G illro id ag
son o f
a
sc e n
m ic
G illa mart a in
og
fro m
39
de d
t he
de
C l a n C a me ro n
Cl a n M illo ny ,
G illa mart a n
m ic
wh o m s o n Of
o g s o n Of
G illa ga ni o rg a n (l) mi c
G illa nio rg a n
G illa ma rt a n mo ir m i c
G illa m art a n m or
G ille og a in mic mic
G ille e we n
G illa p a ill mic
G illa p a ul
Ea c a d a m i c
Bac a d a
G art na id m i c
G art na i d
D iga il m ic
D ig a il
Po uila c in mic
Po uila c in
A irt m i c
A rt
A e ngu sa m o ir mic
A ngus m o r
Ere mic
Ere
T e lt
T e lt
so n o f son o f
so n o f so n o f
so n Of son o f
so n o f s on o f
so n o f
so n o f
son o f .
S e c o nd G r o up— Cl a n s
d e sc e nd e d fro m Fe a re ha r a b rarua d h o f Fe a ra d a c h Finn o f t h e T rib e Of Lo rn
,
so n
.
G ENEA LA OH M HI C G I LL EOI N
41
L o c hl o inn m a c 39
La c hl a n
is t h e G il l e ro t h m e n
T hi
s
or
u
tione d fo ll o we r o f
by F d n in 1 222 Gi ll p i M h n i h i in tion l ong w ith who m h wit n es ,
e
r a
40
r as
s
G ill e ro t h
son of
e sse s
Gi ll e
d
e sc e n
11
is
t
h e h a rdly l e gi bl e
a se n e nc e
to b e
C la nn
SO
er
.
M a e l a nfa ig
de
The a
gus
d
e
o ut ,
M a e G il l o n i e s
.
as
s
s u rr e c
b e ma
d nt a
o
.
s o n Of
sre o in
an
ra e
“
e re
fa c e
r
n
ec a
e
ar
d wo d
a
a
h te ma t n Th a. c
as
ac o
G EN EA L OG Y OF T HEM ACLEA N S
s
i e G illa n fa ig h
’
i m ply th a t S t o n e w e re
the
M a c F irb i s
a nd
a nd
of
may
r
h is
.
Fr m M S
.
1 6 47 ,
M a e V u ri c h , H e c tor a n d L a u c hla n h a v e c h a rt e rs fr o m t h e L ord o f t h e Is
l
e s of
D o wa rt
.
APPEND I
X V II I
.
Eac h d uinn m h ic
Ea c hd ui nn
L o c hlo inn mh ic
L a c hlan
Eo in mhic
Jo hn
G io lla e o lum mhic
M a o ilio sa mh ic
M a l c olm so n o f M a o iliosa s o n o f
G ille e o in mh i c
G ill e e o in
M e c ra i t h mh i c M ao ilsrut ha in mhic
M a c Ra t h s o n o f M a ol srut h a in s o n o f
Ne ill
N e ill
m hi c .
mhic
so n o f
son o f
son o f
Ra ing c e
S e a n D ub hg a ill S g o inn e m hi c F e a re har a b ra d rua i dh mh i c
Old D o ug a ll
re a
Fe rg usa ,
up ra
ut s
Ne a c h t a in,
tc
e
mh ic
,
q
Ch o n
ie c ric Le a mh na
h a t ha
a
gus
Bhib
Ol a n u C o nsit h e
q uo
a
ag
C ud uiligh
a
us
F e ra d a c h,
me ntione d
a bove
Cla nn C o nd uil
igh i C la nn m e c G ill e i n o ile na ib h M a il e
f
son o
,
f
a s a bove , son o .
so ns, viz
.
C uc a t h a 42 fro m wh o m t h e Cla n C o nc h a t h a i n t h e ,
42
C u si d h e ,
an
d ist ri c t
of
d
fro m wh o m t h e C l a n
C o ns it h e i n Fife
u q o
son o
f
L e nn o x ,
C us id he
f
S c o ne ,
Ra ing c e h a d t hre e
.
C la nn
uo
of
a brarua id h son o
N e ac hta n, e tc .
a
so n Of
F ergusa ,
.
Tri m e ic Ra ing c e i C uc a t h a
Fe rc ha r
mb ra id ht e mh ic
Fe a ra d ha igh
a
Lismo re ,
of
so n o f
Ra ing c e mh i c
c
s on o f
s o n Of
C ud uilig , A bb o t
C o nd uilig i A b Le a sam o ir .
(o r H e c t o r)
C u d uilig , fro m
a nd
wh om
Cl a n
t he
E o in
C o nd uilig, t h a t i s, t h e C la n
G ille e o in m a c M e c ra i t h t ri m e i c
M a c Le a n in t h e isla nd o f Mull G ille e o in so n o f M a c Ra t h h a d
.
le s ag
.
-
.
i
Brist i
.
.
G io lla b righd e
,
us M a o lio sa .
Nia ll
42
T he
an
d h e me a n
a
wa r
a nd
V OL
.
t he 1 11
O
.
M a o lio sa h a d
fi .
,
,
.
,
,
.
C u c a t ha
ec
.
of
so n
.
,
p ti v ly d og f p
re s
M a o li o s a
,
t rir sin
na me s
Brist i, G ille b ri d e
t hre e s o ns V iz 43 D o na ld N ia ll a nd J Oh n Rig na c h d a ug h t e r o f G a m a il l o rd o f C arric k wa s t h e m o t h e r o f t he se t hre e so ns
.
M o rma i r Ca irrig e m a t h a ir
so n s,
Ma l c o l m
gu s Eo i n Ri o g h na c h i ngh e a n G a mha il
D o mh na ll
h re e
a nd
G iolla e o lum m a c M a o ilo s a t ri m e ic l e s i
t
e
a nd
t he
e ac e
.
Cu s
d og
i
of
43
ne s
D o fn a ld u s M a c G ilh o n , l ii G ilh o n e t N i g e ll u s
in t h e Ex c
h
e qu e r
Ro
ll
s
Joh a n a
pp
i n 1 326
.
e ar
48 2
A PP END
M a o lio sa a gu s
D o m h na ill s i n
.
A i t hb ric
d a ma c
E o in
Be a t o g
an
a g us
d ha ing e n
a
I X V III
.
M a o lio sa
a nd
of
t he
B e a t ric e
a nd
s o ns
d a u gh t e rs um o rro
N iall
d a mh a e le s i .
.
E o in .
gu s G io lla c olu im d a mh a e m a i t h e l e s a
d iu
i L o c hlo inn a gu s Ea c h d h o nn .
.
.
D iarma d
J ohn
a nd
s o ns
.
.
E o in Niall
c uig
m e c le s i .
La c hl a n h a d
.
Ea c hd h o nn, L o c h la inn
,
ag
us
S o mh a irle
F io nnghual a
a
gu s M a ria
a
d ha
la is
.
e l a nn
i M urc h a d h , D o nna ll , .
T o irrd h e a lb a c h, Eo gh a n T a m a s ag us G ille e a luim
,
Ol a nu Crisi t io na inge ne M a c le o id i M urc a d h m a c .
.
fi .
M a l c ol m
so ns,
.
ve s o ns , v i z
.
J o h n H e c t o r La c h l a n Nia ll a nd S ome rl e d ,
,
.
Finngu a la
M a ria we re h is
a nd
d augh t e rs
t wo
E o in
D o na ld
A it hb ric his t wo
,
i ng e n
Ea c hd o nn m a c
b o ve
l o ng b e fo r e t wo g o o d v iz Lac h la n a nd He c
ha d
t or
L a c hluinn
a
mo r e ve r ha d t wo
N ia ll V iz
D ia rmui d
J o h n we re t he t wo
H e c t or
s on o f
,
V iz
s o ns ,
C h a rl e s,
.
.
Jo hn
,
ha d t h e se
Murd o c h D o nald ,
E we n
,
,
T h o m a s a nd M al c o l m T h e y w e re t he s o ns o f Cris t ina d a u gh t e r o f M a c Le o d vi z o f M ur d o c h so n o f ,
.
,
,
.
,
T o rm o id m h i c
T o rm o i d
L e o id m h i c
Le o d
G ille muire mhi c
G ille muire
Ra ic e mh i c
Ra i c e
Olb a ir
.
s on o f s on o f
so n o f
mh i c
Olb a ir
Ea lga fh o lt a la inn
G ille mu ire
s no ic e
G ille muire
so n Of
sn o i c e s o n Of .
Ealga
of
t he
i ng e a n A ra ilt mic S e mma ir
t iful
rig h Lo c h la n ma t ha ir a n G il
a ld so n Of
S e mm a ir,
le muire
L o c hla nn
(or
s in
l o c k s d a ug ht e r
t he mo t
of
b e au Ha r
k ing
of
N orwa y) was
h e r Of t ha t
G ille mure
.
A PPEND
G ro up — Cl a ns
Th ird
of
G ENEA LA OH CLA N N LA BHRA N
44
Trib e
t he
N EA L OGY
.
C L AN
T HE
OF .
a
ag
Jo h n
us
a nd
D o na ld
M a lc o l m
Eo g a in mh ic
Ewe n
Bart hur mh ic A b A c h t us m h i c
Wa l t e r s o n Th e A bb o t
A e id m h ic
Ae dh
s on of
Eo g a in m h ic
E we n
so n o f
I a ig m h ic
I a ig
D is ia b m hic
Sha w
G illa c ri s t mh ic
G il c hris t
Gilla mie Ol m h ic
G illa m i c h a e l
mhic
so n Of
of
A c h t us
of
45
so n o f
son o f son of son of son o f
son o f
Finla e c h
og s on o f
F inla e i e m o ir mhic
Finla e c h m o r
D ub g a ill m h ic
D o u ga l l
Ba l t uir mh ic
Wa l t e r
so n o f
C a rlusa mh ic
Ca rlu sa
son o
D o m n a il l
D ona ld
son o f
s on o f
f
g m h ic D o m na ill d uinn mh ic
D ona ld d onn
F e a ra d ha c h Finn
F e rd d a c h F inn
Oi
s o ns o f
so n o f
Philip
Oig
,
d
s on o f
D o na ld
mhi c
an
yo u ng
A ni e h o l t h e
D o mna ill m h ic
Finlae ie
so n o f
,
L A WR EN HERE
gu s D o mna ll A nilg o lg a Oig m h ic C o lim m h ic
Pilip
d o nn
Lo rn
Of
GE
NSO
E a in
.
fro m D o na ld
d e sc e nd e d
Fe a ra d a c h Finn
A
I X V III
f
0 g son o
f
son o .
G ENEA LA OH CL A N N A I D
A NN S O
46
G EN EA L OGY
OF T H E
CLAN A Y
H ERE
.
Fe are h a ir m a c
F e rc h a rd
I ma i r m h i c
I vo r
44 45
o
o
Fr m T he
fr m w
MS
.
1 46 4
na me
hom
t he
s on o f
s on o f
.
thi la n t
of
s a
c
a
bb o t
k e s it s
no t
gi v
na m e
e n,
but
it
m us
t h ve b n L b h F om M S 146 7 a
4“ .
r
ee
a
.
.
ra n ,
484
A PP END I
X VI I I
.
Gillac ris t mh ic
G il c h ris t
G illa e sp i c mh i c
G il e sp ie
G illa na na e mh mh ic
G illa na nae mh
G ill a c ris t mh ic
G il c h r is t
C o r mac mh ic
C o rma c
G illa mi t e l mh ic
G illa mic ha e l
A id m h i c
A id h
G a llb uirt mhi c
G a llb ui rt
G illa e a t a n mhic
G illa e a t a n
D omna ill mh ic
D
Eo ga in mhi c
Eird i mh ic
E we n so n Of Philip s o n Of S h a w so n Of E rd i s o n o f
A e ng usa mhic
A ng u s
Finla e ie mhi c
F i nl a e c h
C a rl a mh ic
C a rl a
Pilip
m h ic
D is i a b mh i c
D o m na ill
Oig
mh ic
o na
s o n Of so n o f
so n o f
so n o f
ld
so n o f so n o f
s o n Of
so n o f so n o f
f
son o
D ona ld
f
og s on o
D ona ld d onn
F e ra d h a e h
F e ra d a c h sa i
so n o f
d
sai
d
t o be
d e sc e nd e d fro m
t o be
A i rb e a rt a e h I
.
FERA D A C H F I NN t h ro u gh
d e s c e nd e d fro m
I 47 A G EN EA L A OH C LA NN A I N NRI S
N EA L OGY
GE
mh i c
Eo ga in m h ic
E we n
M ure d a ig mh ic
M u re d a c h
P a ul
mhic
F r m M S 1 46 7
M a c t y re
.
Of
.
t he
.
l nd a
so n o f so n o f
son o f
G illa nd re s
G ille a innria s mhic
o
CLA N
OF
Pa ul s o n o f T ire so n o f
Pa l ma c
17
.
.
A N D RES
“
C o r ma c ,
.
C o rma c ma c A irb e art a e h
P o il
f
son o
.
F o urt h G r o up— C la n s
T ir e
so n o f
son o f
D o mna ill d uinn m hi c
CLA NS
son o f
T h e Ea r s of
l
G e rlo c h
of .
R o ss
g
t
ra n s
a
so n o f c
h a te r r
in 1 36 6
to
Pa u
l
A PPEND
M a r t a in mh i c
P o il
IX V III
.
M art in
mh i c
Paul
so n o f
s on o f
C a inn ig mh ic
K e nn e t h
Cris t in mh i c
C ris t in
Eo g a in m h ic
E we n
C a innig m hic
K e nne t h
C r i s t i n mh i c
Cris t in
G illa e o in
h aird e
na
so n Of
s on o f son o f
so n o f
G illa e o in
mh ic
E ir e
s on o f
Ere
t h e Aird ,
of
s o n Of
L o a irn mh ic
L o rn
Fe rc h a ir mh ic
F e rc ha rd
C o rm a c mhic
C o rm a c
A irb e rt a ig h m hic
A i rb e r t a c h
F e a ra d h a c h
F e ra d a c h
so n of
son of
so n o f
f
son o
.
G ENEA LAOH C EA NN CA I N NI G
48
G ENEA L OG Y
OF
T HE
K ENN ET H M urc h a id mac
M urd o c h
so n o f
C a innig mh ic
K e nn e t h
so n o f
E o in
m h ic
Jo hn
s on o f
C a i nnig m hi c
K e n ne t h
A o ng usa mh ic
A ngu s
s on o f
C ris t in mh i c
C ris t i n
49
so n o f
50 i n C a nig mhic
K e nne t h
son of
o
G illa e o in
Oig
mhic
G ille e o in
G illa e o in
na
ha ird e
G ille e o in
fi
G ENEA LA OH M H I C M A T G A M NA A
NS O S I S
51
SO
NS
D o nn c a ig mh ic
D un c a n
M ure c ha e h m hic
M u rd o c h
o a nd M e V u i h Gi l h i s t l iu K i n d i pp s in 1 2 2 2 a s fo ll o w r f M wi ll i m 1 4 6 7 h s A g d by m i s t k e MS .
49
c
r
s
a
50
.
a
e
a
e
O
ac
a
r c
a
.
e ar a
a
g o f t h e A ird
D OW
M u rd o c h
F r m M S 146 7
so n o f
G ENEA L OG Y
M ure c h a e h ma c
48
so n o f
r c
N
T HE
M A THE
H ERE
.
son o f
son o f
so n o f
f o r Ca inn ig ,
Vu i h
OF
.
c
orre c t ly gi v e n by M a c
.
.
51
o
F r m M S 1 46 7 .
an
d M a c V u r1 0 h
.
A PPEND
IX
VI l l
.
D o n nc ha c h mh ic
D unc a n
M ure c ha e h mhic
Ca i nnig mh ic
Murd o c h so n Of 52 K e nne t h s o n o f M a t g a mna (or M a ha n) K e nne t h s o n o f
C ris t in
C ris t i n
C a innig m h ic
M a t g a mna mh ic
G EN EA LA OH M H I C D A
NS O
so n o f
.
G EN EA L OG Y
U IBS I T HI
53
so n o f
M A C D U FF Y
or
H ERE
.
D o m na ll
G illa c o la im t ri mh ic
N ia ll a nd M a l c ol m t h e t hr e e s o ns o f
G illa e sp i c mh ic
G ill e sp i e
G illa c ri st mh i c
Gillc h rist
G illa c o l uim m hic
M al c o l m
D ub g a ill m or mh ic
D ou g a ll m or
D uib s it h mhi c
D ub s hi t h e
M ure c h a e h mh ic
M ur d o c h
so n o f
F inla e c h
e a s s on o f
Finla e ie
ag
u s Nia l l
ag
D o na ld
us
mhi c
c a is
a nd
s on o f
so n o f s o n Of
so n o f
(
or
D uf y)
M ure c ha e h m hic
M ur d o c h
so n o f
F e rc ha ir mh ic
F e rc h a rd
so n o f
C o r m ac mh ic
C o rm a c
A irb e a rt a igh mh ic
A irb e rt a c h
F e a ra d a ig h
F e ra d ac h
sai
so n o f
f
son o
.
II
C LA N S
d
t o be
.
d e sc e nd e d fr o m
t h r o ug
h
D O G EN EA LA OH M H I C
FEA ROHA I R A B RA R U AD H
C o rm a c ma c A irb e a rt a e h
AN
A BA
EGN E 5 4
.
T H E G EN EA L OG Y
NA B S
OF T HE
G illa mure
Eo g a in m hic
E we n
so n o f
A e ngusa mhic
A ng u s
son o
M a c b e t h a d mh ic
Ma c be t h
A e ngusa mh ic
A ngu s
G illa m ure l o g a na ig mh i c
G ille m ure L o g a na ig
53
K e rm a c M a c m a g h a n
o
Fr m M S
.
146 7
a
pp
e a rs
son o f
f
so n o f
son o f
s on o f
h e qu e r Ro ll s in F om M S 146 7
in t h e Exc 54
.
MA C
.
G illa m u re ma c
52
son o f
r
.
.
1 26 4
.
A PPEND
IX V II I
.
F e rc ha ir mh ic
F e rc h a rd
Finnla e ic mh ic
Finnla e c h
D o n nc h a ic h m h ic
D u nc an
son o f
F ir t ire d mhi c
Firt ire d
so n o f
G illa fa e la n mhi c
G illa fa e la n
G illa ma rt a n mh ic
G illa ma rt a n
Firt ire a d m h ic
F irt ire d
L o a irn mhic
L o rn
Fe a re h a r mhic
F e rc h a rd
C o rm a c m hi c
C o rm a c
A i rb e a r t a ig h mhi c
Airb e rt a c h
Ere mh ic
Ere
D o m n a ill d uinn m h ic
D
Fe rc h a r
a b ra rua d h
mhic
so n o f
s on o f .
so n Of
s on o f
so n o f s on o f
so n o f
f
son o
f
son o
ona ld
f
d onn
son o
F e rc ha r A bra ruad h
F e ra d a ig
C L A NS
s o n Of
F era d a c h
.
sai
d
to
be
d e sc e nd e d
fr o m FEA RC HA R
C o rma c ma c A irb e rt a c h G EN EA LA OH C LA N N G RI G A I R
55
FAD A
t h r ou g
h
.
G EN EA L OG Y
T HE
OF
C LA N
G REGOR
.
M a lc o la im m a c
M a l c o lm
Pa d ru i e mh i c
P a t ric k
E o in
m h ic
s o n Of
so n o f
fifi John
s o n Of
G re g a ir m hic
G re g o r
D o nnc h a i c h m h i c
D u nc a n
M a e il c ola im mhic
M a l c ol m
G illa c ri s t mh i c
G illc h ris t
F e rc h a ir m h ic
F e rc h a rd
s on of
M u re d a igh m hi c
M u rd o c h
son o f
A innri a s mh ic
A n uria s
C o rmac mh ic
C o r ma c
A irb e rt a igh m hic
A i rb e rt a c h
F e are h a r
Oig
mh i c
so n Of
s on o f
s on o f
so n of
(
or
A nd rew)
son of
f of
son o
F e are h a ir fa da mh ic
F e rc ha r og son F e re ha r f a d a son
F e a ra d a c h
F e ra d a e h
nn
55
o
Fr m
MS
.
14 6 7
.
nn
.
f
o
so n
A PPEND I
C LA N S
sa i
d
M a c be t h
,
X V I II
d e sc e nd e d fro m
t o be
so n Of
F inla e c h,
a nd
.
FEA RC HA R
t
FAD A
C o r ma c ma c A irb e rt a c h
N EA L OGY OF
D o G ENEALA OH C LA N N G U A I RE 5“ T H E G E
Q U A R RY C e a lla c h mac
P o il
C e l la c h
mh ic
Pa ul
C e lla c h in
e nig
son o f
T o r quill
C e a lla ig m hic
C e lla c h
G ua ire mh i c
G u a ire
C o rma ie mhi c
C o rma c
A rb e rt a ig mhic
A i rb e rt a c h
l ib e ra l
Quarry)
(
or
so n o f
so n o f
Fe rgu s a
F ergus
mhic
M ic Be a t h a id h mhic Fi nla e ie mh ic F e a re h a r
fa d a
mh i c
T ure uill G u a ire t ri m e i c
la ig
Do
ag
l P o il
ei e
C o rm a c
I
G A NE
.
mh i c C e a l
t h re e Of
ot
K I NN ON S
ma c
N ia ll
Eog a in mh ic
Ewe n
G illa b rig d e m h ic
G ille b rid e
o
.
1 46 7
a nd
M a c Firb is
.
o
of
,
so n
.
MA C
.
s on o f
G ille b rid e
57
C o rma c ,
Pa ul l ib e ra l
T HE G EN EA L OG Y
M HI C
57
Fr m M s
a nd
h e r so ns
C e lla c h , t he
G illa b rig d e m hi c
56
son o
T o rquill, G u a ir e ,
a n o inig h
G ENEA LA OH
N ia ll
us
so n o f
son of
Fe ara d a ig mhic
[o ig ]
,
so n o f
f M ure c ha eh son of F erc ha c h 0 g son of M a c be th son of Finnla e c h son of F erc ha r fa d a son of F e ra d a c h son of
F e a re h a i r
CLA N
so n o f
T u re a i ll mh i c
M ure c ha e h mh ic
THE
.
.
C e lla c h, t he
m h ic
h r o u gh
s o n Of
so n o f
son o f
F r m M s 1 46 7 .
a nd
M a c F irb is
.
A PPEND
I X V II I
S e a n Eo ga in m h ic Fi nl a e i e mhic Fing a inne g
Fi nla e c h
son o f
so n o f
F ing a ine , fro m wh o m
m hic
a i ne
E we n
Old
fui le d C la nn Fin
o
.
)
so n o f
C o rma c mhi c
C o rma c
A irb e a rt a ig h m hic
A irb e rt a c h
M urc he rt a igh m hi c
M u irc he rta c h
F e a re h a ir
F e rc ha r og e t c Fing a ine A bb o t
Oi
h a ir
.
Nia ll
do
s on o f
f
son o
f
s on o .
A b Hi d e a rb h ra
Fio nnguine t
e tc
g
me t h e
(or M a c hin
C l a n Fing a ine nons
ca
mh i c
G ill e
b ro t h e r g e rm a n Of
58
G ille b ri d e
G EN EA L OGY
I o na wa s
Nia ll
of
-
b rigd e
G EN EA LAOH M H I C G ILLA M A OI L
of
so n
.
M A CM I L
T HE
OF
LA N S M a l c o l m t h e y o ung son M a l c o lm m or s o n o f .
G illa e o lu im
o
g ma c
,
G illa c o luim m o i r m h ic
M a olmu re
M a olmu ire mh ic Ca inn mh ic D ub g a ill mhi c
C a inn
G illae o luim mh ic G illa c rist
c o mh a i mn
d ar
G illa m a o l
us
C la nn
ag
an an
M a il mhic
so n o f
so n O f
ugall s o n Of M a lc o l m s o n o f G illc h ris t c a ll e d (or the tonsure d D
o
a re
(
or IlI a c
Airb e a rt a ig h a se a n
do
C o rm a c re a m ra ie t h
t a irb e rt a c h
d a t h r e ib h d e g i Fi o nnlo c h la nna c h i ac h ag
d as
us
co
Tir
.
na n g a isg e a t h
C rui bh inis ,
T ire no
ao
dh a
a
59
o T hi s is
.
gu s
sa
1 46 7
M a il
so n o f
r
a fo e s a i
.
Fr m M S
an
d
.
,
Cra o b hinis
58
Cl a n
son o f
,
m a in im M uile
no
t he
T h is A irb e rt a c h h a d t we lve t rib e s i nh a b it ing t h e No r we g ia n t e rri t o ry V iz G re a ra id h h a m p i o ns e o f t C g c o mmo nly c a ll e d M ull a n d T iro d a (T ire e ) a n d Cruib h i nis o r C ra o b h ini s (or I sla nd 59 of B ushes)
a i t re a b h
G re a g ra i d h e
)
fro m
serva nt
M illa ns)
A irb e rt a c h
Sin
.
G illa ma o l
an
,
wh o m
C o rm a ie mh ic
of
a nd
i d to b
M a c F i rb i s
e a n Ol d n a
.
m e fo r I o na
.
A PPEND I
VII I
.
G EN EA L OG Y
fi
G ENEA L A OH M HI C G I LLA A G A M NA N
X
NANS
6°
m h ic
s on o f
M ure c ha e h m hi c
M urd o c h
m hi c
D u nc a n
N i c a il mh ic
Nic a il
fu il
O
s o n Of
so n o f
m h ic
G illa ag a mna n
so n o f
so n o f
m h ic
D o nn c h a c h
an
ne
son o f
so n o f
G illa ag a m na n, from
61
m hic
t he
l
C o rma c
A irb e rt a igh
A irb e rt ac h
61
o
F r m M s 1 46 7 T he C
.
l
an
is
he
.
re
o
S me ca
of
t he
ll d F in é e
.
wh o m
c a n, s o n o f
C o rm a c mhi c
60
MA OLEN
.
Mu rd o c h
A m ure c h ae h mh ic
or
so n o f .
n a me s c an n
ot b e
re a
d
.
c ame
I N D EX
I
d fi it o
A RB A C A o r A b t h a n ri e , e n i n o f, 26 1 , 283 34 3, 39 3 ac la w o f s u c c e s s n A 11 6 6 , , a na e o f , A b e rb u t h n o t , 259 A e r c rn (A e b b e rc u rnig ) , 36 8 m n a s e r , 1 33, 2 6 2 , 2 6 8 ; 224 r c o f, A e r e e n, s an 37 8 a e Of , 8 6 , 25 3 g re ) , c A er u r (F fe s u rc Of, e c at e d S t F an, 33 25 1 A b e r k e r d o r, a n a e o f, A e r e m n (A b e rl e m e n a c h ) , a na e o f, 2 6 2 , 26 4 A e rn e 74 (s e o f u rc b e f un e c o f, s a Gar N e c t a n , 1 35 32 ; a s ma e of M a c m na r , 30 5 ; C e a nn m o r a t , 42 4 c u rc o f, e c at e d e , S t Br 30 9 , 32 6 u w e r o f, r un Ir s c er t e mp e nne M a c A lp i n , , r ma c ra n s fe rre 309 1 0 , ih A b e rs a n d I n e rs , o n t h e u n s r Of, 2 20 222 A b e rt e S e e D un a ve rt y A ne S e e Ob e y n A b ra va nn u s , r e r (t h e L u c e ) , 66 A b t h a n ri e s , 83, 2 6 1 , 28 3 i n He xh a m , 2 7 5 2 22 A c c a, s a O f H ii o r I n a , A d a m na n , n n 2 45 , 2 6 9 h i s rs m s s n No r t h u mb ria , 1 7 0 re a r s t h e m o n a s t e ry o f I n a , 1 7 1 m ss n se c n N r um r a , 1 7 1 is c n e r e t h e re a e n m a n n e r o f k e e n Ea s e r , 1 7 2 a e n s t h e S n of a ra , 1 7 3 h is e a , 1 7 3 ’ A d a mna n s L ife of C o lumba , 28 A d d , r e r, 6 8, 2 16 129 A d he lst a n, ( e e n a r ) k n of t h e 29 7 2 99 S a x ns , A r a n , S t , e e n o f, 3 20 ; 1 1 3 1 1 A e b ba , rs a n e ss Of C am, 2 00 A e d , s o n o f B a n a , D a lria d a e rn e 30 5 , 30 8 ,
ii
iii
.
bb y b
.
io to g iii
th
o
o
.
.
.
.
.
i ii .
t y b d b i ho p i ii th iii b do i hi h h d di to i ll ii th g iii b l o th g iii b th y it i h h i d to o d d by ii l o by d i ho g l ol h h d di to i dg t ii o d to b i l t by i h l gy K th p i yt d to v d i t ib tio i .
.
.
.
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.
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.
.
.
.
.
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-
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-
.
.
.
b oy
.
.
.
iv iii
i
.
.
.
b i ho p
.
i
ii
.
.
.
i th bb ot o i fi t i io to ii p i o o d i io to o th b i o v t d to p v l t pi g t tt d y od T d th i iv i iii lg d y i g o i di lg d i fi t bb old i gh ii o t go v d by i .
.
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-
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K
th
i g
e nne A e d , s on o f k n o f t he , P c s (A D 32 8 9 A e d s o n o f Ne o f I re a n , , k n 330 A e d a A a n , e a o f t h e C n e Eo g h a n e fe a s F l a it h b e rt a c h , k n o f I re an , 289 9 0 A e d h (A e d F nn ) , s o n o f Ea c h a c h , n S a n in a em re s re t h e k n m o f D a lr i a d a , 30 0 A e d h , k n o f A il e c h , es a e t he ee o f t h e G a llg a i d h e l , 3 12 A e d h F i nnl ia t h , k in o f I re l a n d , i 3 1 3 A e d il b a l d , k n o f M e rc a , in a e s N r u m r a (A D 29 1 A e d il frid , k n o f Be rn c a a n d D e ra , 23 6 , 2 39 , 2 4 4 ; h is s n s a k e re fu e i n I n a , 15 3 A e d u in (Ed wy n ) , s o n o f E a , e x m o f D e ra p e ll e d fr m h i s k n A e d ilfri d , re a n s a nd a s Be rn c a , 2 39 , 2 40 ; h is n a m e e f i n Ed w in e s b u rg (E n u r ) , 24 0 h is c n e r s n C r s an , a nd a sm a t rk , 1 54 ; s a in a t 24 3 Ha e , 155 A e l fre d t h e r e a , his s ru e s wi t h e D ane s, 34 9 A e l r i c , u n c e o f A e d u in , 2 44 ra n s n o f A e t h e l s t a n (A D 9 2 5 A e l fre d t h e re a , a ac ks No r t h u m b r ia , 35 1 , a n d n a e s A l b a n , 35 2 ; e a u e Of t h e n r e rn h im , 352 5 3 ; u a n s a a ns a c r e s in t h e e o f Bru n a n u r , 353 6 0 h i s e a , 35 9 fo r A e t iu s , his a i d a s k e t he ns , 1 4 4 , 14 8 Br 1 5 3, 2 38 A g n e d , M t (E n u r ), 244 A re s e s , a w s re a in , A r c a , u u s , h i s a rr a in Br a n ex en Of t h e 41 as e rn r , nc e a t s me , 4 1 R man r u ra e c rc u m s a n c e s u n e r 4 2 ; fa e rn m e n c mm e n c e w c h is , 42 c a r a c e r s c s o f h i s a d m i ni s
i t
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tt
i gd o i g fl t
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p ti g to
i gi v b tt l to i .
.
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by
to
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i g bi i g
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,
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d i b gh
o v io to h i ti it y b p ti Y o ii l t fi ld i ii G t t ggl th i l i g d o G t tt i i v d l g o th p o p l tio g i t v i to i b tt l d th b g .
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by
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d i b gh i g t l l t g to iii g i ol J l i iv l it i go v o i t t o p o vi thi ti vo bl i t d hi h go v t o d .
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h
t i ti
,
49 4
fi d
t di t i t v g i th
I ND EX
dovi
t ra t io n , 4 3 e fe a s t h e Or c e s, 43 ; e r r u ns s r c s o n t he S o l w a y , 4 3, 4 4 ra a e s t h e T a y , 45 fo rt i e s a s fa r a s s m u s e we e n a nd t h e C t he F r e , 46, 4 7 ;
ov
bt
o th lyd vi s it s A gyll a n d K i n ty e 4 7 his th e e y e s w n o th f t h e F o th 48 5 2 b a ttl e Of M on s G a np iu s 52 56 hi c a ll 5 7 r ul t o f h is c mp a ign 57 t he C l e d o ni n t i b e s re s um e th e i i n d p e n d n c e r
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k n m a ac ke A e t h e ls t a n , 35 2 ; e x e n o f t h e k in m Of A a n a t t he m e w e n rs d e s ig na t e d Sc a , 3 95 , 39 8 is s o f, 32 3, 32 7 , 32 9 33 1 s e q ra c en e H i s t or y of t he M e n of A lba n, 2 30 ; 2 13 A lba n ic D u a n, t h e , a e m o f t he e e en c e n ur , 18 4 A n u s , Clo d iu s , e rn r Of Br a n , Se e 7 9 ; e fe a e a n d s a n ru s , a t L n s , 80 A l c l u i t h , f a s n e s s o f (D u m a r n ) , 1 30 , 1 39 c a a o f t h e Br ns o f A l c l y d e , 2 36 S e e A l c ly d e A l c l y d e , Br n s o f, e rr r o f t he k n m o f, 2 35 , 36 5 it s p o p u l a t n a nd c a a , i t s m n a rc s (c a e k n s Of A l c l u it h ) , 2 36 a f e r r ’ e a rs s u ec n t h e A n e s , 256 ,
lb
ii
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tit l d i
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