CCNA Routing and Switching Complete Study Guide: Exam 100-105, Exam 200-105, Exam 200-125 9781119288282, 9781119288305, 9781119288299, 1119288282
Cisco has announced big changes to its certification program. As of February 24, 2020, all current certifications will
873 97 20MB
English Pages 1176 s [1139] Year 2016
Table of contents :
Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 3
Copyright......Page 4
Acknowledgments......Page 5
About the Author......Page 7
Contents at a Glance......Page 9
Contents......Page 11
Cisco’s Network Certifications......Page 27
Cisco Certified Entry Network Technician (CCENT)......Page 28
Cisco Certified Network Associate Routing and Switching (CCNA R/S)......Page 29
How Do You Become a CCNA R/S......Page 30
What Does This Book Cover?......Page 31
What’s Available Online?......Page 34
How to Use This Book......Page 35
Where Do You Take the Exams?......Page 36
Tips for Taking Your Cisco Exams......Page 37
ICND1 Exam Objectives......Page 38
ICND2 Exam Objectives......Page 42
CCNA Exam Objectives (Composite Exam)......Page 45
Assessment Test......Page 52
Answers to Assessment Test......Page 63
Part I ICND1......Page 69
Chapter 1 Internetworking......Page 71
Internetworking Basics......Page 72
The Layered Approach......Page 81
Advantages of Reference Models......Page 82
The OSI Reference Model......Page 83
The Application Layer......Page 85
The Transport Layer......Page 86
The Network Layer......Page 92
The Data Link Layer......Page 94
The Physical Layer......Page 97
Exam Essentials......Page 99
Written Lab 1.1: OSI Questions......Page 100
Written Lab 1.3: Identifying Collision and Broadcast Domains......Page 102
Review Questions......Page 104
Chapter 2 Ethernet Networking and Data Encapsulation......Page 109
Ethernet Networks in Review......Page 110
Collision Domain......Page 111
Broadcast Domain......Page 112
CSMA/CD......Page 113
Half- and Full-Duplex Ethernet......Page 115
Ethernet at the Data Link Layer......Page 117
Ethernet at the Physical Layer......Page 123
Straight-Through Cable......Page 127
Crossover Cable......Page 128
Rolled Cable......Page 130
Fiber Optic......Page 132
Data Encapsulation......Page 134
The Cisco Three-Layer Hierarchical Model......Page 137
The Distribution Layer......Page 139
Summary......Page 140
Exam Essentials......Page 141
Written Lab 2.1: Binary/Decimal/Hexadecimal Conversion......Page 142
Written Lab 2.2: CSMA/CD Operations......Page 145
Written Lab 2.4: Encapsulation......Page 146
Review Questions......Page 147
Chapter 3 Introduction to TCP/IP......Page 153
Introducing TCP/IP......Page 154
TCP/IP and the DoD Model......Page 155
The Process/Application Layer Protocols......Page 157
The Host-to-Host or Transport Layer Protocols......Page 167
The Internet Layer Protocols......Page 176
IP Terminology......Page 184
The Hierarchical IP Addressing Scheme......Page 185
Private IP Addresses (RFC 1918)......Page 190
IPv4 Address Types......Page 191
Layer 3 Broadcasts......Page 192
Unicast Address......Page 193
Multicast Address......Page 194
Exam Essentials......Page 195
Written Lab 3.2: Mapping Applications to the DoD Model......Page 197
Review Questions......Page 199
Chapter 4 Easy Subnetting......Page 203
Subnetting Basics......Page 204
Subnet Masks......Page 206
Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)......Page 208
Subnetting Class C Addresses......Page 210
Subnetting Class B Addresses......Page 222
Subnetting Class A Addresses......Page 231
Exam Essentials......Page 234
Written Lab 4.1: Written Subnet Practice #1......Page 235
Written Lab 4.2: Written Subnet Practice #2......Page 236
Written Lab 4.3: Written Subnet Practice #3......Page 237
Review Questions......Page 238
Chapter 5 VLSMs, Summarization, and Troubleshooting TCP/IP......Page 243
Variable Length Subnet Masks (VLSMs)......Page 244
VLSM Design......Page 246
Implementing VLSM Networks......Page 247
Summarization......Page 254
Troubleshooting IP Addressing......Page 257
Determining IP Address Problems......Page 260
Summary......Page 264
Exam Essentials......Page 265
Lab 5.1: Summarization Practice......Page 266
Review Questions......Page 267
Chapter 6 Cisco’s Internetworking Operating System (IOS)......Page 273
Cisco IOS......Page 274
Connecting to a Cisco IOS Device......Page 275
Command-Line Interface (CLI)......Page 277
Overview of Router Modes......Page 278
CLI Prompts......Page 279
Editing and Help Features......Page 281
Administrative Configurations......Page 286
Banners......Page 287
Setting Passwords......Page 289
Encrypting Your Passwords......Page 295
Descriptions......Page 297
Router and Switch Interfaces......Page 299
Bringing Up an Interface......Page 302
Viewing, Saving, and Erasing Configurations......Page 308
Verifying Your Configuration......Page 310
Summary......Page 323
Exam Essentials......Page 324
Hands-on Labs......Page 327
Hands-on Lab 6.2: Exploring User, Privileged, and Configuration Modes......Page 328
Hands-on Lab 6.3: Using the Help and Editing Features......Page 329
Hands-on Lab 6.4: Saving a Configuration......Page 330
Hands-on Lab 6.5: Setting Passwords......Page 331
Hands-on Lab 6.6: Setting the Hostname, Descriptions, IP Address, and Clock Rate......Page 333
Review Questions......Page 335
Chapter 7 Managing a Cisco Internetwork......Page 341
The Internal Components of a Cisco Router and Switch......Page 342
The Router and Switch Boot Sequence......Page 343
Backing Up and Restoring the Cisco Configuration......Page 344
Backing Up the Cisco Configuration......Page 345
Erasing the Configuration......Page 347
Configuring DHCP......Page 348
DHCP Relay......Page 349
Verifying DHCP on Cisco IOS......Page 350
Syslog......Page 351
Configuring and Verifying Syslog......Page 353
Network Time Protocol (NTP)......Page 356
Exploring Connected Devices Using CDP and LLDP......Page 357
Getting CDP Timers and Holdtime Information......Page 358
Gathering Neighbor Information......Page 359
Documenting a Network Topology Using CDP......Page 363
Using Telnet......Page 366
Checking Telnet Connections......Page 368
Closing Telnet Sessions......Page 369
Building a Host Table......Page 370
Using DNS to Resolve Names......Page 372
Using the ping Command......Page 374
Using the traceroute Command......Page 375
Debugging......Page 376
Using the show processes Command......Page 378
Exam Essentials......Page 379
Written Lab 7.1: IOS Management......Page 381
Hands-on Labs......Page 382
Hands-on Lab 7.2: Using the Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP)......Page 383
Hands-on Lab 7.3: Using Telnet......Page 384
Hands-on Lab 7.4: Resolving Hostnames......Page 385
Review Questions......Page 387
Chapter 8 Managing Cisco Devices......Page 391
Understanding the Configuration Register Bits......Page 392
Checking the Current Configuration Register Value......Page 394
Boot System Commands......Page 395
Recovering Passwords......Page 396
Backing Up and Restoring the Cisco IOS......Page 399
Verifying Flash Memory......Page 400
Backing Up the Cisco IOS......Page 401
Restoring or Upgrading the Cisco Router IOS......Page 402
Using the Cisco IOS File System (Cisco IFS)......Page 405
Licensing......Page 409
Right-To-Use Licenses (Evaluation Licenses)......Page 412
Backing Up and Uninstalling the License......Page 415
Exam Essentials......Page 416
Written Lab 8......Page 417
Hands-on Lab 8.1: Backing Up Your Router IOS......Page 418
Hands-on Lab 8.2: Upgrading or Restoring Your Router IOS......Page 419
Review Questions......Page 420
Chapter 9 IP Routing......Page 425
Routing Basics......Page 427
The IP Routing Process......Page 429
The Cisco Router Internal Process......Page 434
Testing Your IP Routing Understanding......Page 435
Configuring IP Routing......Page 440
Corp Configuration......Page 441
SF Configuration......Page 443
LA Configuration......Page 447
Configuring IP Routing in Our Network......Page 449
Static Routing......Page 450
Default Routing......Page 455
Routing Protocol Basics......Page 458
Routing Information Protocol (RIP)......Page 460
Configuring RIP Routing......Page 461
Holding Down RIP Propagations......Page 464
Exam Essentials......Page 467
Written Lab 9......Page 468
Hands-on Labs......Page 469
Hands-on Lab 9.1: Creating Static Routes......Page 470
Hands-on Lab 9.2: Configuring RIP Routing......Page 471
Review Questions......Page 473
Chapter 10 Layer 2 Switching......Page 479
Switching Services......Page 480
Three Switch Functions at Layer 2......Page 481
Port Security......Page 485
Configuring Catalyst Switches......Page 490
Catalyst Switch Configuration......Page 491
Verifying Cisco Catalyst Switches......Page 498
Exam Essentials......Page 501
Hands-on Labs......Page 502
Lab 10.1: Configuring Layer 2 Switches......Page 503
Lab 10.2: Verifying Layer 2 Switches......Page 504
Lab 10.3: Configuring Port Security......Page 505
Review Questions......Page 506
Chapter 11 VLANs and Inter-VLAN Routing......Page 511
VLAN Basics......Page 512
Broadcast Control......Page 515
Flexibility and Scalability......Page 516
Identifying VLANs......Page 517
Frame Tagging......Page 519
VLAN Identification Methods......Page 520
Routing between VLANs......Page 522
Configuring VLANs......Page 524
Assigning Switch Ports to VLANs......Page 527
Configuring Trunk Ports......Page 529
Configuring Inter-VLAN Routing......Page 533
Exam Essentials......Page 540
Hands-on Labs......Page 541
Hands-on Lab 11.2: Configuring and Verifying Trunk Links......Page 542
Hands-on Lab 11.3: Configuring Router on a Stick Routing......Page 543
Hands-on Lab 11.4: Configuring IVR with a Layer 3 Switch......Page 544
Review Questions......Page 545
Chapter 12 Security......Page 551
Perimeter, Firewall, and Internal Routers......Page 552
Introduction to Access Lists......Page 553
Mitigating Security Issues with ACLs......Page 556
Standard Access Lists......Page 557
Wildcard Masking......Page 558
Standard Access List Example......Page 560
Controlling VTY (Telnet/SSH) Access......Page 564
Extended Access Lists......Page 565
Extended Access List Example 1......Page 569
Extended Access List Example 2......Page 571
Extended Access List Example 3......Page 572
Named ACLs......Page 573
Remarks......Page 575
Monitoring Access Lists......Page 576
Summary......Page 578
Written Lab 12......Page 579
Hands-on Labs......Page 580
Hands-on Lab 12.1: Standard IP Access Lists......Page 581
Hands-on Lab 12.2: Extended IP Access Lists......Page 582
Review Questions......Page 585
Chapter 13 Network Address Translation (NAT)......Page 589
When Do We Use NAT?......Page 590
NAT Names......Page 592
How NAT Works......Page 593
Dynamic NAT Configuration......Page 595
PAT (Overloading) Configuration......Page 596
Testing and Troubleshooting NAT......Page 597
Written Lab 13......Page 603
Hands-on Labs......Page 604
Lab 13.1: Preparing for NAT......Page 605
Lab 13.2: Configuring Dynamic NAT......Page 606
Lab 13.3: Configuring PAT......Page 608
Review Questions......Page 610
Chapter 14 Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)......Page 615
The Benefits and Uses of IPv6......Page 617
Shortened Expression......Page 619
Address Types......Page 620
Special Addresses......Page 622
Manual Address Assignment......Page 623
Stateless Autoconfiguration (eui-64)......Page 624
IPv6 Header......Page 627
ICMPv6......Page 629
Static Routing with IPv6......Page 633
Configuring IPv6 on Our Internetwork......Page 634
Configuring Routing on Our Internetwork......Page 637
Summary......Page 640
Written Lab 14.1......Page 641
Hands-on Lab 14.1: Manual and Stateful Autoconfiguration......Page 642
Hands-on Lab 14.2: Static and Default Routing......Page 644
Review Questions......Page 645
Part II ICND2......Page 649
Chapter 15 Enhanced Switched Technologies......Page 651
VLAN Review......Page 652
Assigning Switch Ports to VLANs......Page 655
Configuring Trunk Ports......Page 657
VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP)......Page 661
VTP Modes of Operation......Page 662
VTP Pruning......Page 664
Configuring VTP......Page 665
Troubleshooting VTP......Page 666
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)......Page 670
Spanning-Tree Terms......Page 671
Spanning-Tree Operations......Page 675
Common Spanning Tree......Page 678
Per-VLAN Spanning Tree+......Page 679
Modifying and Verifying the Bridge ID......Page 686
Spanning-Tree Failure Consequences......Page 691
PortFast and BPDU Guard......Page 693
BPDU Guard......Page 695
EtherChannel......Page 697
Configuring and Verifying Port Channels......Page 698
Summary......Page 702
Written Lab 15......Page 703
Hands-on Labs......Page 704
Hands-on Lab 15.1: Verifying STP and Finding Your Root Bridge......Page 705
Hands-on Lab 15.2: Configuring and Verifying Your Root Bridge......Page 706
Hands-on Lab 15.3: Configuring PortFast and BPDU Guard......Page 708
Hands-on Lab 15.4: Configuring and Verifying EtherChannel......Page 709
Review Questions......Page 711
Chapter 16 Network Device Management and Security......Page 717
Mitigating Threats at the Access Layer......Page 718
RADIUS......Page 721
TACACS+......Page 722
SNMP......Page 723
Management Information Base (MIB)......Page 724
Configuring SNMP......Page 725
Client Redundancy Issues......Page 727
Introducing First Hop Redundancy Protocols (FHRPs)......Page 729
Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP)......Page 730
Virtual MAC Address......Page 732
HSRP Timers......Page 733
Group Roles......Page 735
Configuring and Verifying HSRP......Page 737
Exam Essentials......Page 743
Written Lab 16......Page 744
Review Questions......Page 745
Chapter 17 Enhanced IGRP......Page 749
EIGRP Features and Operations......Page 750
Neighbor Discovery......Page 751
Reliable Transport Protocol (RTP)......Page 756
Route Discovery and Maintenance......Page 757
Configuring EIGRP......Page 758
VLSM Support and Summarization......Page 761
Controlling EIGRP Traffic......Page 764
Split Horizon......Page 775
Verifying and Troubleshooting EIGRP......Page 777
Troubleshooting Example with EIGRP......Page 783
Simple Troubleshooting EIGRP for the CCNA......Page 793
EIGRPv6......Page 795
Summary......Page 800
Written Lab 17......Page 801
Hands-on Lab 17.1: Configuring and Verifying EIGRP......Page 802
Hands-on Lab 17.2: Configuring and Verifying EIGRPv6......Page 803
Review Questions......Page 805
Chapter 18 Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)......Page 813
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) Basics......Page 814
OSPF Terminology......Page 817
OSPF Operation......Page 819
Enabling OSPF......Page 821
Configuring OSPF Areas......Page 822
Configuring Our Network with OSPF......Page 825
OSPF and Loopback Interfaces......Page 830
Configuring Loopback Interfaces......Page 831
Verifying OSPF Configuration......Page 833
The show ip ospf Command......Page 834
The show ip ospf database Command......Page 835
The show ip ospf interface Command......Page 836
The show ip ospf neighbor Command......Page 837
The show ip protocols Command......Page 838
Exam Essentials......Page 839
Hands-on Labs......Page 840
Hands-on Lab 18.1: Enabling the OSPF Process......Page 841
Hands-on Lab 18.2: Configuring OSPF Interfaces......Page 842
Hands-on Lab 18.3: Verifying OSPF Operation......Page 843
Review Questions......Page 844
Chapter 19 Multi-Area OSPF......Page 851
OSPF Scalability......Page 852
Adjacency Requirements......Page 854
OSPF Router Roles......Page 855
Link-State Advertisements......Page 856
OSPF Hello Protocol......Page 858
Neighbor States......Page 859
Basic Multi-area Configuration......Page 861
Verifying and Troubleshooting Multi-area OSPF Networks......Page 864
The show ip ospf Command......Page 865
The show ip ospf interface Command......Page 866
The show ip route Command......Page 869
The show ip ospf database Command......Page 870
Troubleshooting OSPF Scenario......Page 872
Simple Troubleshooting OSPF for the CCNA......Page 880
OSPFv3......Page 882
Verifying OSPFv3......Page 884
Exam Essentials......Page 887
Hands-on Labs......Page 888
Hands-on Lab 19.1: Configuring and Verifying OSPF Multi-Area......Page 889
Hands-on Lab 19.2: Configuring and Verifying OSPFv3......Page 892
Review Questions......Page 894
Chapter 20 Troubleshooting IP, IPv6, and VLANs......Page 899
Troubleshooting IP Network Connectivity......Page 900
Using IP SLA for Troubleshooting......Page 911
Using SPAN for Troubleshooting......Page 913
Configuring and Verifying Extended Access Lists......Page 915
ICMPv6......Page 918
Troubleshooting IPv6 Extended Access Lists......Page 926
VLAN Troubleshooting......Page 930
Trunk Troubleshooting......Page 935
Summary......Page 942
Written Lab 20......Page 943
Review Questions......Page 945
Chapter 21 Wide Area Networks......Page 949
Introduction to Wide Area Networks......Page 950
WAN Topology Options......Page 951
Defining WAN Terms......Page 953
WAN Connection Bandwidth......Page 954
WAN Connection Types......Page 955
WAN Support......Page 956
Cisco Intelligent WAN (IWAN)......Page 959
Serial Transmission......Page 962
Data Terminal Equipment and Data Communication Equipment......Page 963
High-Level Data-Link Control (HDLC) Protocol......Page 964
Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)......Page 966
Link Control Protocol (LCP) Configuration Options......Page 967
PPP Session Establishment......Page 968
Configuring PPP Authentication......Page 969
Verifying and Troubleshooting Serial Links......Page 970
Multilink PPP (MLP)......Page 975
PPP Client (PPPoE)......Page 979
Configuring a PPPoE Client......Page 980
Virtual Private Networks......Page 981
Benefits of VPNs......Page 982
Enterprise- and Provider-Managed VPNs......Page 983
Introduction to Cisco IOS IPsec......Page 985
IPsec Transforms......Page 986
GRE Tunnels......Page 987
GRE over IPsec......Page 988
Configuring GRE Tunnels......Page 989
Verifying GRP Tunnels......Page 991
Single-Homed EBGP......Page 993
Protocol Comparison and Overview......Page 994
Configuring and Verifying EBGP......Page 997
Verifying EBGP......Page 999
Exam Essentials......Page 1002
Hands-on Labs......Page 1003
Hands-on Lab 21.1: Configuring PPP Encapsulation and Authentication......Page 1004
Hands-on Lab 21.2: Configuring and Monitoring HDLC......Page 1005
Hands-on Lab 21.3: Configuring a GRE Tunnel......Page 1006
Review Questions......Page 1009
Chapter 22 Evolution of Intelligent Networks......Page 1015
Switch Stacking......Page 1016
Cloud Computing and Its Effect on the Enterprise Network......Page 1018
Service Models......Page 1020
Overview of Network Programmability in Enterprise Network......Page 1021
Application Programming Interfaces (APIs)......Page 1022
Southbound APIs......Page 1023
Northbound APIs......Page 1024
Cisco APIC-EM......Page 1025
Using APIC-EM for Path Tracing......Page 1027
Cisco Intelligent WAN......Page 1028
Traffic Characteristics......Page 1030
Trust Boundary......Page 1032
Classification and Marking......Page 1033
Policing, Shaping, and Re-Marking......Page 1034
Tools for Managing Congestion......Page 1035
Tools for Congestion Avoidance......Page 1038
Written Lab 22......Page 1039
Review Questions......Page 1041
Appendix A Answers to Written Labs......Page 1045
Written Lab 1.1: OSI Questions......Page 1046
Written Lab 1.3: Identifying Collision and Broadcast Domains......Page 1047
Written Lab 2.1: Binary/Decimal/Hexadecimal Conversion......Page 1048
Written Lab 2.4: Encapsulation......Page 1050
Written Lab 3.2: Mapping Applications to the DoD Model......Page 1051
Written Lab 4.1: Written Subnet Practice #1......Page 1052
Written Lab 4.3: Written Subnet Practice #3......Page 1053
Written Lab 6: Cisco IOS......Page 1054
Written Lab 7.2: Router Memory......Page 1055
Chapter 9: IP Routing......Page 1056
Chapter 11: VLANs and InterVLAN Routing......Page 1057
Chapter 12: Security......Page 1058
Written Lab 14.1: IPv6 Foundation......Page 1059
Written Lab 15......Page 1060
Written Lab 17......Page 1061
Written Lab 19......Page 1062
Written Lab 21......Page 1063
Written Lab 22......Page 1064
Appendix B Answers to Review Questions......Page 1065
Chapter 1: Internetworking......Page 1066
Chapter 2: Ethernet Networking and Data Encapsulation......Page 1068
Chapter 3: Introduction to TCP/IP......Page 1070
Chapter 4: Easy Subnetting......Page 1071
Chapter 5: VLSMs, Summarization, and Troubleshooting TCP/IP......Page 1073
Chapter 6: Cisco’s Internetworking Operating System (IOS)......Page 1075
Chapter 7: Managing a Cisco Internetwork......Page 1077
Chapter 8: Managing Cisco Devices......Page 1078
Chapter 9: IP Routing......Page 1080
Chapter 10: Layer 2 Switching......Page 1081
Chapter 11: VLANs and InterVLAN Routing......Page 1083
Chapter 12: Security......Page 1085
Chapter 13: Network Address Translation (NAT)......Page 1087
Chapter 14: Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)......Page 1088
Chapter 15: Enhanced Switched Technologies......Page 1090
Chapter 16: Network Device Management and Security......Page 1092
Chapter 17: Enhanced IGRP......Page 1093
Chapter 18: Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)......Page 1095
Chapter 19: Multi-Area OSPF......Page 1097
Chapter 20: Troubleshooting IP, IPv6, and VLANs......Page 1099
Chapter 21: Wide Area Networks......Page 1100
Chapter 22: Evolution of Intelligent Networks......Page 1101
Appendix C Disabling and Configuring Network Services......Page 1105
Disabling Echo......Page 1106
Turning off BootP and Auto-Config......Page 1107
Disabling Redirect Messages......Page 1108
Disabling the Maintenance Operation Protocol (MOP)......Page 1109
Logging Every Event......Page 1110
Disabling the Default Forwarded UDP Protocols......Page 1111
Cisco’s auto secure......Page 1112
Index......Page 1115
Advert......Page 1138
EULA......Page 1139
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