Bronze Age Pottery in the North-East of England 9780860540373, 9781407322483

Table of contents :
Cover
Copyright
Contents
LIST OF TEXT ILLUSTRATIONS
ABBREVIATIONS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Dedication
INTRODUCTION
SECTION I. FORMS OF THE VESSELS
SECTION II. ORIGINS
SECTION III. BURIAL CONTEXT
SECTION IV. ASSOCIATIONS AND CHRONOLOGY
SUMMARY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
VESSEL NUMBERS
CATALOGUE OF FOOD VESSELS
CATALOGUE OF FOOD VESSEL URNS
CATALOGUE OF MINIATURE URNS
CATALOGUE OF CINERARY URNS
Illustrations

Citation preview

Bronze Age Pottery in the North-East of England

Alex. M. Gibson

BAR British Series 56 1978

B.A.R. 122, Banbury R oad, Oxford, OX2 7BP, England GENERAL EDITORS A • R • Hands, B • Sc • , M • A • , D .Phil.

D. R. Walker, M.A.

B. A. R. 56, 1978: ''Bronze Age Pottery in the N orth-East of England" © Alex. M. Gibson

The author’s moral rights under the 1988 UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act are hereby expressly asserted. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be copied, reproduced, stored, sold, distributed, scanned, saved in any form of digital format or transmitted in any form digitally, without the written permission of the Publisher. ISBN 9780860540373 paperback ISBN 9781407322483 e-book DOI https://doi.org/10.30861/9780860540373 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library This book is available at www.barpublishing.com

CONTENTS Page List of Text Illustrations Note on the Illustrations Abbreviations Acknowledgements Introduction

1

Note on the Distribution Maps

5

SECTION

I, Form of the vessels

7

SECTION II, Origins

11

SECTION III, Burial Context

23

SECTION IV, Assocations and Chronology

34

Summary

49

Bibliography

50

Vessel Numbers

53

Catalogue of Food Vessels

55

Catalogue of Food Vessel Urns

79

Catalogue of Miniature Urns

87

Catalogue of Cinerary Urns

91

Catalogue Illustrations

101

L IST OF TEXT I LLUSTRAT IONS

Page D istr ibu t ion Map o f Food V essels

2

D istr ibut ion Map o f Food V essel Urns

3

D istr ibu t ion Map o f C inerary Urns

4

F ig.

I : 1

Food Vessel a nd Food V essel Urn For ms

6

F ig.

1 :2

Frequency o fR i m Types

8

F ig.

1 :3

Food V essel a nd Food V essel Urn S ca t ter D iagra m o f H eigh t/R im D ia meter Ra t ios

9

F ig.

1 :1

N eol ith ic Pot tery f ro m Ford

1 2

F ig.

I :2

Decora t ive t echn iques a nd Mot ifs

1 6

F ig.

1 :3

Neol ith ic Po ttery f ro m Ford a nd Th ir l ings

1 8

F ig.

1 :4

Orna te Food Vessels

2 1

F ig. I I :1

N eol ith ic Po ttery f ro m Hast ing H il l

2 5

F ig. 1 1 :2

C ist Or ien ta t ion a nd D irec t ion o fS ke leton Face

2 8

F ig. I V :1

I ncense c ups f rom Hast ing H il l , Murton Far m , a nd s craper f ro m Ov ingha m

3 6

F ig. I V :2

J et Assoc ia t ions

3 8

F ig. I V :3

F l in ts f ro m Haugh Head , Ford , a nd L it t le Dr if f ield

4 0

F ig. I V :4

Amble Bronze Kn ife a nd Cupped s tone f ro m Cha t ton S andy ford

4 2

F ig. I V :5

P ig my v essels

4 4

F ig. I V :6

Food Vessel a nd Urn C . 14 d a tes

4 5

F ig. I V :7

T i me Chart

4 7 1 01

Ca ta logue I l lustra t ions Food Vessels Food Vessel Urns Min ia ture Urns C inerary Urns

i i

NOTE ON THE I LLUSTRATIONS

V essels Nos. 2 4, 4 1, 5 4, 9 6 , 9 7 , 1 06 a nd 1 25, p lus t he c up- marked s tone f ro m Cha tton S andy ford were d rawn b y t he wr iter f ro m p ubl ished d raw ings b y Mr. George J obey. Vessels N os. 7 8 a nd 8 w ere d rawn b y J . Ta it , a nd a re t he p roperty o f t he Museu m o f An t iqu it ies o f t he Un ivers ity a nd S oc iety o f An t iquar ies o f N ewcastle u pon Tyne. V essels N os. 3 , 5 , 3 8 , 5 3, 6 1, 6 3, 6 4, 7 1, 8 4 , 9 0 , 1 21, t he b ronze k n ife f ro m Amble a nd t he j et b ut ton f ro m Grea t Tosson were d rawn b y t he w r iter f ro m p ubl ished i l lustra t ions o r p hotographs. The j et n eck lace f ro m Ky loe was d rawn b y T im N ewman. A l l t he v essels w ith t he i ns ign ia M MH were d rawn b y Miss Mary Hurrel l a nd a re t he p roperty o f t he Museu m o f An t iqu it ies o f t he Un iversity a nd S oc iety o f Ant iquar ies o f N ewcast le u pon Tyne. A l l o thers were d rawn b y t he wr iter f ro m t he o r ig ina ls.

i ll

ABBRE V IAT IONS

A .A .

Archaeo log ia A el iana i st t o 5 th s er ies

A .C.

Ca ta logue o f t he Preh istor ic a n t iqu it ies i n A lnw ick Cast le

A lnw ick

H is Grace t he Duke o f N orthu mber land 's Co l lect ion i n A lnw ick Cast le

B .A .P P.

The Bronze Age p o ttery o f t he B r i t ish I sles , A bercro mby , ( 1912 ) L ondon

B .B.

Br it ish Barrows.

B . M.

Br it ish Museu m

D .B.

Base D iameter

D .R.

R im D ia meter

Ed inburgh

N a t iona l Museum o f An t iqu it ies o f S cot land

H .

H e igh t

H •B. N .C•

H istory o f t he Berw icksh ire N a tura l ists ' C lub

M. A .N .

Greenwel l ( 1877 ) Ox ford

Museu m o f Ant iqu it ies o f t he U n ivers ity a nd S oc iety o f An t iquar ies o f N ewcast le-upon-Tyne

P .S. A .N .

Proceed ings o f t he S oc iety o f Ant iquar ies o f N ewcast le-uponTyne

P .S. A .S.

Proceed ings o f t he S oc iety o f A n t iquar ies o f S cot land

S under land

Museu m a nd A rt Ga l lery , Borough Road , S under land

T .A .A .S. D. N .

Transact ions o f t he Arch itectura l a nd A rchaeo log ica l S ociety o f Durha m a nd N orthu mberland

V .C.H.

V ictor ia Coun ty H istory ( Durham )

i v

AC KNO WLEDGE MENTS

Thanks a re d ue a nd g ra tefu l ly e x tended t o t he f o l low ing f or t he ir h elp a nd e ncourage men t . The Depar t men t o f A rchaeo logy , Un ivers ity o f N ewcast le u pon Tyne f or ag ran t t owards t ravel l ing e xpenses o n v ar ious museu m v isi ts. Dr. Dav id Sm ith a nd Miss Mary Hurrel l o f t he Museu m o f An t iqu it ies o f t he Un ivers ity a nd S oc iety o f An t iquar ies o f N ewcast le u pon Tyne f or u se o f Miss Hurrel l 's a nd Mr. J . Ta i t 's d raw ings, a nd f or f ree a ccess t o t he r elevan t ma ter ia l i n t he museu m c o l lect ion . Drs. I an K innes a nd R ichard Harr ison o f t he Br it ish Museu m. Mr . D . P . Graham , K eeper o f H is Grace t he Duke o f N or thu mberland 's c o l lect ion a t A lnw ick Cast le. Mr. Roger Miket , K eeper o f A rchaeo logy f or Tyne a nd Wear , f or a ccess t o t he ma ter ia l i n S under land Museu m. Mr. T im N ewman , f or mer ly t echn ic ian i n t he Depar t men t o f Archaeo logy , N ewcast le u pon Tyne. Mar ius Cooke , Depar t men t o f Archaeo logy , Un ivers ity o f L e icester , f or h is p a t ience a nd h elp w ith t he p hotography . Mr . T . G . Cow ie , f or a l low ing me t o r ead h is u npub l ished t hes is ( Cow ie , T . G ., 1 975;)• S pec ia l t hanks a re war mly e x tended t o my f r iends M iss Barbara Harbo tt le, a nd Messrs. Co l in Burgess a nd G eorge J obey f or t he ir a lways w il l ing h e lp a nd p a t ience , a nd t o Mrs. Pa t F rench f or r isk ing e yes igh t a nd s an i ty o n a n i l leg ible manuscr ip t.

To my p aren ts , w ith t hanks f or h elp a nd e ncourage men t , a nd t o lerat ing a p aper-strewn d in ing r oom.

I NTRODUCTION

I n h is v iew o f B r i t ish P reh is tory , P rofessor H awkes a sked f or t he c o mp i la t ion o f c orpora o f p reh is tor ic ma ter ia l ( Hawkes 1 951).

H is p lea h as g one

l arge ly u nheeded , e spec ia l ly o n an a t iona l s ca le , a nd t hus t he impor tance o f l oca l c orpora i s s el f-ev iden t . The t endency h as b een t owards l oca l c orpora o f B ronze Age p o t tery ( S i mpson 1 965 ; Manby 1 958 ; S avory 1 955 , 1 957 , 1 958 ; Smed ley a nd Ow les 1 963 ) a nd i ti s h oped t ha t t h is c orpus w i l l , t oge ther w i th t hose a lready p ub l ished , h e lp t owards t he c o mpi la t ion o f an a t iona l Bronze Age P o t tery c orpus a nd a lso a ct a s ac o mp le men t t o J ohn T a i t 's work o n t he B eaker p o t tery f ro m t he s a me a rea ( Ta i t 1 965 ) . I n g enera l t er ms , t he c oun t ies o f N or thu mber land a nd Durha m a re b ounded b y t he r ivers Tweed a nd T ees t o t he n or th a nd s ou th , a nd b y t he s ea a nd P enn ines t o t he e as t a nd wes t r espec t ive ly , t hus f or m ing a g eograph ica l a s we l l a s at err i tor ia l u n i t .

R ivers s uch a s t he A ln , C oque t , T yne a nd Wear d isec t

t he a rea l a t i tud ina l ly a nd a re impor tan t f or t he s e t t le men t o f p reh is tor ic p eop les , whe ther r e f lec ted b y t he ir b ur ia l p rac t ices o r a c tua l s e tt le men t s i tes . T he t hen d ense ly wooded T yne g ap t hrough t he P enn ines a nd t he s im i lar ly wooded a nd , i n a dd i t ion , marshy Tees v a l ley wou ld h ave h indered t he p enet ra t ion o f p eop le f ro m o u ts ide t he a rea , b u t o bv ious ly wou ld n o t h ave p rev en ted i ta l toge ther . The t ypes o f v essels t o b e d iscussed a re t hose c o m mon ly r eferred t o a s F ood V esse ls , En larged F ood Vesse ls ( or , p re ferab ly , F ood Vesse l U rns ) , a nd C inerary Urns .

These t er ms a re f ar f ro m s a t is fac tory , f or e xa mple

F ood V esse l may p laus ibly b e a pp l ied t o a ny v essel f ro m t he e ar l ies t c era m ic c u l tures t o modern c on ta iners , n or a re we s ure t ha t f ood was h e ld i n t he p ots , a nd s im i lar ly d r ink n eed n o t h ave b een c on f ined t o t he Beakers o r Dr ink ing C ups . " Food V esse l" , h owever , i s at er m t ha t h as b eco me embedded i n t he a rchaeo log ica l t er m ino logy f ro m a t l eas t a s e ar ly a s Abercro mby 's c lassi f ic a t ion ( Abercro mby 1 912 ) , a nd i t s r edee m ing f ea ture n ow i s t ha t i ti s al abe l f or a s peci f ic g roup o f p o t tery . The d iv is ion o f F ood V esse l Urns a nd C inerary U rns i s a lso a n u nsa t isf ac tory o ne .

C inerary U rn s i mp ly means a n Urn f or c re ma t ion a nd s o s tr ic t ly

s peak ing i ta lso i nc ludes t he F ood Vesse l U rns .

" Food Vesse l Urns" h owever

i s a t l eas t d escr ip t ive i n t ha t i ts hows t he F ood V esse l s hape , a nd t he C inerary U rn f unc t ion .

F or e ase o f r e ference h ere , t here fore , F ood Vesse l w i l l r e fer

t o t he sma l l v esse ls n or ma l ly c lassed a s s uch , a nd F ood Urn w i l l r e fer t o t he En larged F ood V esse l a nd Encrus ted Urn g roups : " C inerary Urn" h ere d eno tes a l l Urn t ypes w i th t he e xcep t ion o f t he F ood Vesse l Urns . The v essels a re n o t a ssoc ia ted w i th a ny o ne b ur ia l r i te , w i th t he e xcep t ion o f t he C inerary Urn , a nd i nhu ma t ion a nd c re ma t ion a re b o th a ssocia ted . H owever , t hese s epu lchra l d i f ferences n eed n o t n ecessar i ly c ons t i tu te c u l tura l d i f ferences .

S im i lar ly , t he t er ms i nc lude p o t tery s how ing g rea t v ar ia t ion 1

F OOD VFSSEL B URIALS .

f nnd

v esse ls .

l a , w ith i nhums . 0

f

• . • • '

•

• • -•

3

w ith c rems .

0

1 9 M AP S

• ••

r.

F o nn

VFSSFL U RN BUR IALS ,

•

f ond

v esse l u rns

0

w ith c rems .

3

w ith i nh t ims .

C INERARY U RN B URIA L S .

0 m i l s

•

r inerory u rns

0

w ith r rems , w ith i nh i lms . (2 )

•

i n f or m a nd d ecora t ion , wh ich i s o n ly t o b e e xpec ted i n v iew o f t he ir w ide d is tr ibu t ion .

Any a t te mp ted c lass i f ica t ion , t here fore , s hou ld n o t d epend o n

s uch f ine c harac ter is t ics a s w id th o f g rooves o r n u mber o f s tops , a nd s o t he v esse ls i n t he c orpus h ave n o t b een d iv ided i n to n ea t ly l abe l led g roups , b u t h ave b een a rranged o n ly a ccord ing t o s im i lar i ty o f s hape a nd d ecora t ion . NOTE ON THE D ISTR IBUT ION MAPS F irs t ly , t he maps s how t ha t t he h igh g round i n t he a rea was a voided , w i th v ery f ew v essels c om ing f ro m a bove t he 1 000 f t , c on tour .

Where t hey d o

i n trude i n to t he h igh land z one , t hey a re f ound b es ide t he ma in r ivers a nd t heir t r ibu tar ies a nd g enera l ly k eep t o t he r iver v a l leys .

The i mpor tance o f t he

r ivers , e ven i n t he l ow land a reas , c an b e s een t o a dvan tage o n t he Wear , T yne ,

C oque t , A ln , a nd T i l l .

T he M i l f ie ld b as in i n n or th N or thu mber land ,

t hrough wh ich t he r iver T i l l f l ows , h as a lways b een i mpor tan t i n p reh is tory. N eo l i th ic p o t tery h as b een f ound a t F ord , Th ir l ings a nd Y eaver ing , t here i s ac lus ter o f h enge monu men ts a nd a p oss ible c ursus i n t he a rea , t he l arges t h i l l for t i n t he c oun ty i s n earby a t Yeaver ing B e l l , a nd i ti s a lso t he s i te o f E dw in 's p a lace .

I tc an b e s een t ha t t he p o t tery d is tr ibu t ion i s d ense i n t he

M i l f ield a rea , a nd t he s a me i s t rue o f t he B eakers i n t he a rea ( Ta i t 1 965 ) . The h igh d ens i ty o f f inds i n t he n or th o f t he a rea a nd t he ir p auc i ty i n t he s ou th i s p erhaps more a pparen t t han r ea l .

F irs t ly , many o f t he f inds a re

d ue t o t he a c t iv i t ies o f C anon G reenwe l l , b u t t hen more b arrows mus t h ave b een v isib le t o h im i n t h is a rea .

S econd ly , t he mou ths o f t he T yne , Wear ,

T ees a nd Wansbeck h ave a l l b een h eav i ly b u i l t o ver a nd h ave l ong b een i nd us tr ia l a reas , s o t ha t many b ur ia ls may h ave b een b u i l t o ver o r may h ave b een f ound a t a n e ar ly d a te b e fore t here was a ny r ea l a n t iquar ian i n teres t i n t he a rea , a nd s o were n o t r ecorded .

Th ird ly , a gr icu l tura l a c t iv i ty h as b een

g rea ter t o t he s ou th t han t o t he n or th o f C oque t , a nd a ga in e v idence may h ave b een d is troyed . I t may a lso b e p o in ted o u t t ha t t he d is tr ibu t ions c oinc ide b as ica l ly w i th o ther d is tr ibu t ion maps o f t he a rea s uch a s t hose o f B eakers , h i l l-for ts a nd I ron Age s e t t le men ts .1

NOTES 1 .

F or B eakers s ee Ta i t 1 965 .

S cooped Enc losures s ee J obey 1 962 .

H i l l for ts a nd R o mano B r i t ish S e t t le men ts s ee J obey 1 965 .

I ti s wor thy

o f n o te t ha t Mr . J obey h as i n t i ma ted t ha t f ur ther r ec t i l inear s e t t le men ts may s t i l l awa i t d iscovery , e spec ia l ly i n t he N or thu mber land c oas ta l p la in , where t hey may p oss ibly l i e o n s l igh t k no l ls o n wh ich modern f ar ms n ow s tand .

5

basic forms

food vessel

.llilI I..o. SCAif

food vessel

basic forms

S ECTION I FOR MS OF THE VESSELS

FOOD VESSELS The t er m " Food V esse l" i s av ery i l l-de f ined l ab le u sed t o i den t i fy a g rea t v ar ie ty o f d i f feren t t ypes o f v esse l , s uch a s Yorksh ire v ases , H iberno-Sco t t ish b ow ls , S ou thern r idged F ood V esse ls , a nd N or thern t r ipar t i te v esse ls t o n a me b u t f our ( see Burgess 1 974 ) .

The f irs t r ea l t ypo logy o f F ood V esse ls

( Abercro mby 1 912 ) s howed a t o nce t he d ivers i ty o f t he g roup , a s s ix d i f feren t c lasses , e ach w i th s ub-types , were u sed i n t he c lass i f ica t ion .

S im i lar ly ,

when d ea l ing w i th t he v esse ls f ro m t he P eak D is tr ic t , T . G . Manby f ound i t n ecessary t o emp loy f our b as ic f or ms a nd a t o ta l o f e igh teen s ub-types ( Manby 1 958 ) . The F ood V essels i n t h is c orpus c an b e d iv ided s i mp ly i n to b ipar t i te , t r ip ar t i te a nd b ow l .

The b ipar t i te c lass i s t he mos t n u merous , a nd c an b e s ub-

d iv ided i n to s i mple b ipar t i te w i th r i m mou ld ing ( f ig . 1 :1 ) , s i mp le b ipar t i te w i thou t r i m mou ld ing , Yorksh ire v ases w i th s hou lder g roove a nd s tops , b ip ar t i te w i th s hou lder g roove o n ly a nd b ipar t i te h and led v esse ls .

The t r ipar-

t i te v ases h ave o ne b road o r t wo s hou lder c ave t to z ones , a nd t he b ow ls n eed n o e xp lana t ion .

T he f ew h and led v esse ls a re mos t ly b ipar t i te b u t i nclude o ne

b ow l , No . 6 6 , wh ich h as b een p laced among t he h and led b ipar t i te v esse ls f or c onven ience o f c o mpar ison . Decora t ion c anno t r ea l ly b e u sed a s as ign i f ican t f ea ture f or c lass i f ica t ion a s d i f feren t t echn iques a nd mo t i fs may b e c o mbined o n as ing le v esse l .

T here

a re a f ew z oned v esse ls , b u t mos t a re u nzoned t hough n o t n ecessar i ly d ecora ted a l l o ver .

A more s ign i f ican t d is t inc t ion s ee ms t o b e t ha t b e tween i ncised a nd

impressed d ecora t ion , o n ly v ery f ew v esse ls c o mbin ing b o th . R im f or ms a lso v ary s l igh t ly i n f or m , t he mos t c o m mon b eing i n terna l ly b eve l led a nd e x terna l ly mou lded .

F la t a nd s i mple r i ms a lso e x is t , b u t i n

sma l ler n u mbers ( f ig . 1 :2 ) . FOOD VESSEL URNS The F ood V esse l Urns f ro m t he a rea a re a l l o f b ipar t i te f or m , t he n eares t t o at r ipar t i te v esse l b eing v esse l N o . 1 06 f ro m H igh B us ton w i th t hree s hou lder g rooves , a nd o bv ious ly b ear more r ese mblance t o F ood Vesse ls t han t o C inerary U rns .

T hese v essels c an b e d iv ided i n to f our g roups , s i mp le b ipar-

t i te v esse ls , v esse ls w i th s hou lder g roove o r g rooves , v esse ls l ike t he l as t men t ioned b u t w i th s tops i n t he g rooves , a nd f ina l ly t he F ood Vesse l Urns w i th r e l ie f d ecora t ion , n or ma l ly c a l led Encrus ted Urns ( f ig . 1 :1 ).

Th is

c lass i f ica t ion , l ike t ha t u sed w i th t he F ood V esse ls , i s ar ig id o ne a nd t he wr i ter i s a ware o f i t s l im i ta t ions , b u t i ti s j us t i f iab le o n al oca l c orpus s uch

7

( N J

C D 1

a s t h is a nd i s u se fu l a s ad escr ip t ive measure .

The d ecora t ion a nd r i ms b ear

t he s a me s cru t iny a s t hose o f t he F ood V essels b u t i n a dd i t ion t here a re t wo t i ered r im b eve ls , v esse ls N os . 1 00 a nd 1 08 . The d is t inc t ion b e tween F ood V esse l a nd F ood Vesse l Urn h as b een f ound d i f f icu l t t o make b y many b u t i tw i l l b e s een f ro m t he s ca t ter d iagra m ( f ig . 1 :3 ) t ha t t here i s ad ef in i te b reak b e tween t he t wo g roups a t 2 0 cm i n h eigh t , t he F ood Vesse ls a l l f a l l ing b e low a nd t he F ood V essel Urns a bove t h is f igure . C INERARY URNS L ike t he r e la t ionsh ip o f F ood Vesse ls t o F ood V esse l Urns , t here d oes a ppear t o b e as im i lar s ta te o f a f fa irs i n t he C inerary U rn c lass .

There i s

ac lass o f sma l l u rns , a l l u nder a bou t 1 5-18 cm h igh b u t wh ich h ave a l l t he c harac ter is t ic f ea tures o f t he l arger u rns , u sua l ly 2 0-30 cm h igh .

These

"M in ia ture U rns" , a s t hey w i l l b e c a l led i n t h is monograph , a re n o t o f c ourse r es tr ic ted t o t he n or th-eas t b u t o ccur t hroughou t Eng land ,

1

a nd t here d oes

n o t a ppear t o b e s uch a d is t inc t ive h e igh t t o s epara te t he m f ro m t he l arge C inerary U rns a s t here i s a t t he 2 0 cm mark b e tween F ood V esse ls a nd F ood V esse l Urns .

B o th t hese Min ia ture U rns a nd t he l arger C inerary Urns w i l l

b e t rea ted t oge ther h ere , e xcep t i n t he c a ta logue . The t er ms " Overhang ing R im U rn" a nd " Co l lared Urn" , t o d eno te C o l lared Urns w i thou t a nd w i th a c ave t to z one r espec t ive ly b enea th t he c o l lar , a re n o l onger w ide ly u sed i n Bronze Age s tud ies a nd i ns tead t he t wo t ypes a re c lassed s i mp ly a s C o l lared U rns .

The t wo g roups , h owever , c lear ly d o e x is t a nd s o

a re r e ferred t o h ere a s b ipar t i te a nd t r ipar t i te C o l lared Urns r espec t ive ly . I n a ddi t ion , t here i s o ne C ordoned Urn f ro m t he a rea , N o . 1 41 , f ro m Mora lee F ar m .

Af ew Bucke t U rns p oss ibly c an b e s een a s r epresen t ing t he N or thern

e qu iva len t o f t he S ou thern D evere l-R i mbury c lass o f u rn , a nd s o may t he v ery c ur ious u rn f ro m S ou th C har l ton , N o . 1 42 ,w i th r ounded b u lbous s hou lder , n o n eck a nd mou lded r im .

The c ord h orse-shoe p a t terns o n t h is v essel a re a lso

u nusua l .

NOTES

1 .

F or e xa mp le s ee Burn G round H a mpne t t , G loucs . 1 3 cm h igh ( Gr i mes 1 960 ) .

F erry F rys ton , Y orks . 1 8 cm h igh ( Pac i t to 1 970 ) .

War ley , Yorks . 1 8 cm h igh ( G i lks 1 970 ).

T ower H i l l ,

Wykenha m F ores t , Yorks .

Urn 4 1 5 cm h igh , Urn 5 . 1 2 cm h igh , Urn 6 . 1 5 cm h igh , Urn 7 . 1 5 cm cm h igh ( Brews ter 1 973 ) . Avebury , Wi l ts . N o . 5 08 . 1 0 cm h igh ( Annable a nd S i mpson 1 964 ) . P reshu te G . I . , Wi l ts . N o . 5 12 . 1 6.5 cm h igh . B eckha mp ton , Wi l ts , N o . 5 21. h igh .

1 3 cm h igh .

9

Avebury , N o . 5 23 .

1 3 cm

-C

44 -

0 E

049 .

[2 ]

E l

( f ) E

r 9 e

0

C 0N

0

c p

S ECTION I OR IG INS

FORM The d egree o f i n f luence o f t he B eakers i n t he d eve lop men t o f t he n a t ive p o t tery s tyles h as o f ten b een o ver-es t i ma ted i n t he p as t , a nd h as r ecen t ly c o me t o b e q ues t ioned , b u t a s l a te a s 1 970 i tc ou ld s t i l l b e s a id t ha t " the s hape a nd c orded d ecora t ion ( o f t he Y orksh ire Vase F ood V esse ls ) may b e r e la ted t o t he d eve loped c ordoned A l l Over C orded B eakers .., a nd t o t heir i n f luence o n t he midd le N eo l i th ic b ow l f or ms" ( C larke D . L . 1 970 ).

I ti s n o t p roposed

h ere t ha t t he e ar ly B ronze Age S epu lchra l p o t tery i n q ues t ion o wes n o th ing a t a l l t o t he B eakers :

t h is i s c lear ly n o t t he c ase .

F or e xa mp le , t he u se o f

c o mbed d ecora t ion i s n o t d e mons trably p re-Beaker , a nd i ti s u n l ike ly t ha t o nce a d ecora t ive t echn ique b eca me k nown i t wou ld b e c on f ined t o o ne t ype o f p o t tery , e spec ia l ly when t ha t s tyle h as s uch a w ide d is tr ibu t ion .

Bu t i ti s

s ugges ted t ha t i ti s o n ly w i th r egard t o af ew d ecora t ive t echn iques a nd t he z on ing o f d ecora t ion t ha t t he p o t tery u nder r ev iew c an , w i th a ny d egree o f c er ta in ty , b e s a id t o e xh ib i t B eaker t ra i ts . FOOD VESSELS Our c loses t F ood Vesse l t ypes a re t o b e f ound i n P rofessor P iggo t t 's s econdary N eo l i th ic p o t tery f or ms .

S andh i 1 1 a nd E bbs f lee t wares s how t he

c oncave n eck a nd d ecora tive r i m mou ld ing o f t he b ipar t i te v esse ls ( P iggo t t S . 1 954 , f ig . 5 0 , N o . 1 ., f ig . 4 9 N o . 3 ) .

Th is d eve lop men t i s p resen t t hrough-

o u t t he P e terborough a nd G rooved Ware t radi t ions , a nd P e terborough b ow ls f ro m H edsor a nd Mort lake ( P iggo t t 1 954 P l . X , f igs . 4a nd 5 ) h ave b ipar t i te F ood V esse l f or ms i n a l l b u t t heir r ounded b ases .

R . A . Sm i th ( Abbo t t a nd

Sm i th 1 910 ) h as s hown t ha t ap o t f ro m U pper S we l l i n G louces tersh ire , 4i n h igh a nd o f p ink-brown f abr ic w i th t oo thed s t ick d ecora t ion , h as a f la t b ase o n ly j us t l arge e nough t o a l low t he v esse l t o s tand ; t ia l ly a N eo l i th ic b ow l a nd n o t aB ronze Age t ype .

h owever , t h is i s e ssenSm i th t akes t h is v esse l

t o r epresen t a n i n ter med ia te s tage i n t he d eve lop men t o f t he F ood Vesse l . S im i lar ly Sm i th d e mons tra tes t ha t a n I r ish N eo li th ic b ow l , c yl indr ica l a bove a nd h em ispher ica l b e low a g rooved wa is t , p oss ibly d eve loped i n to a b ipar t i te F ood V esse l w i th s hou lder c ave t to z one ;

t he s im i lar i ty i n d ecora t ion o f t he

v esse ls u sed i n t he d e mons tra t ion p erhaps i nd ica t ing n o g rea t d i fference i n d a te . The c urv ing h eavy r i ms o f t he P e terborough N or thern s herds f ro m R ed S car B r idge , F ord , N or thumber land ( f ig . I :1 ) a nd t he f ac t t ha t t he r i ms a re d ecora ted may a lso p rov ide a l ink b e tween t h is N eo l i th ic t ype a nd t he F ood Vessels , i tb eing e asy t o i mag ine t he N eo l i th ic r im f or ms d eve loping f ro m a c urve i n to t he d ecora ted r i m mou lding a nd 1. ) eve l ° I- t he F ood V esse ls a nd F ood V essel Urns . I ndeed , t h is r i m mou ld ing a nd b eve l f ound i n t he b ipar t i te a nd 1 1

t r ipar t i te v esse ls a nd a lso t he h o l low n eck i s a lready p resen t i n t wo o f t he s herds f ro m F ord ( f ig . I : 1 c a nd d ) a nd e ssen t ia l ly " Food V esse l" r i ms a re q u i te c o m mon among t he P e terborough p o t tery f ro m t he Yorksh ire Wo lds , r ecen t ly p ub l ished b y T . G . Manby ( Manby 1 975 ) , e spec ia l ly t hose r i ms f ro m Ruds ton Wo ld Wes t R eservo ir s i te 5 , a n o ccupa t ion p i t a nd h ear th , where t he e x terna l mou ld ing a nd d ecora ted i n terna l b eve l a re p resen t a nd f u l ly d ev eloped o n o ne s herd ( Manby 1 975 , f ig . 1 0 , No . 3 ) .

A P e terborough b ow l ,

f ro m Ruds ton c orner f ie ld s i te 2 wh ich c ons is ted o f t hree o ccupa t ion p i ts , h as af la t tened b ase a nd s o , i nf or m a t l eas t , i t wou ld n o t b e o u t o f p lace i n a f ood v esse l c orpus ( Manby 1 975 , f ig . 7 , N o . 7 ) . Th is s ugges ts t ha t t he F ood V esse ls a nd F ood V esse l Urns may n o t b e much l a ter . A lso c harac ter is t ic o f t h is t ype o f r im , n or ma l ly a t tr ibu ted t o t he t he B ronze Age a nd e spec ia l ly s o w i th r egard t o b eve l d ecora t ion , i s t he s tyle o f r im f ound o n G rooved Ware s herds s uch a s t hose f ro m t he Woodhenge a rea ( S tone J . F . S . 1 949 ) wh ich h ave b o th mou lded r i ms a nd s tra igh t b eve ls . Th is r im f ea ture s ee ms t o b e ap urely n a t ive d eve lop men t s ince c o mpara t ive ly f ew b eakers h ave i n terna l b eve ls , a nd e ven f ewer h ave t ha t f ea ture d ecora ted , t hough i n terna l r im d ecora t ion i t se lf i s f a ir ly c o m mon e specia l ly i n t he A l l Over C orded B eakers ( see e xa mp les i n C larke 1 970 , V o l . I ). 2 , 6 , 8 -9 , 1 2 , 1 8 , e tc .) .

( e .g . N os . 1 ,

Dr . D . L . C larke , i n h is r ecen t s tudy o f B eaker p o t tery ( C larke 1 970 ) s ugges ts t ha t t he p rof i le o f t he d eve loped c ordoned A l l Over C orded B eakers b eca me s lack a nd u nba lanced a nd t he r im c ordon a nd t he b e l ly c ar ina t ion b eca me r aised a s r ibs .

Th is g ives , h e a dds , t he b as ica l ly f lower-po t s haped

v esse ls a t r ipar t i te a ppearance ma tched i nt he F ood Vesse l f ro m Wark N o . 6 3 . Bu t J . F . S . S tone ( S tone J . F . S . 1 949 ) g ives i n t he wr i ter 's v iew a more p leas ing e xp lana t ion , s ugges t ing t ha t t he c ordons o f t he b ipar t i te v esse ls , e spec ia l ly t he Yorksh ire V ases , may b e d er ived f ro m G rooved Ware p ro tot ypes , s uch a s t he s herds f ro m t he Woodhenge a rea , a nd t ha t t he s lash ing o n t he c ordons o f s o me F ood V esse ls , s uch a s N o . 5 3 f ro m I l der ton , may a lso d er ive f ro m t h is s ource . T he f la t b ase o f t he p o t tery u nder r ev iew may a lso b e d eve loped f ro m t h is N eo l i th ic c era m ic t rad i t ion , t hough i ti s a lso p oss ib le t ha t B eaker i n f luence p layed a p ar t i n t h is . The p o t tery f ro m t he Woodhenge a rea t o wh ich we h ave b een r e ferr ing a lso h as s top r idges i n t he g rooves , p erf ora ted o n o ne s herd , wh ich S tone s ugges ts may h ave d eve loped i n to t he s tops o f t he Y orksh ire V ases . We t here fore , h ave , i nt he b ipar t i te F ood V esse l , ab as ica l ly P e terborough b ow l s hape w i th G rooved Ware f ea tures s uch a s r im , c ordons , a nd s tops . S ince t he ma jor i ty o f F ood V esse ls a re f ound i n g raves a nd v ery f ew a re f ro m d o mes t ic c on tex ts , i tc ou ld b e t ha t t h is c lass o f p o t tery r epresen ts a merg ing o f P e terborough d o mes t ic p o t tery w i th G rooved Ware r i tua l p o t tery , mos t c o m mon ly f ound i n h enges , t o p roduce a h ybr id v esse l i n tended p r i mar i ly t o s erve a s epu lchra l p urpose . T he b as ic f or m o f t he b ow l v esse l i s c o m mon f ro m t he e ar l ies t N eo l i th ic c era m ics , b u t C larke , i n t he s a me work , h as s ugges ted t ha t s o me b ow ls s im i lar i n s hape t o N o . 7 9 f ro m C a la l ly may b e l inked t o E as t Ang l ian B eakers , t he c ord d ecora tion a nd t he r a ther " S"-shaped p rof i le b eing c o m mon t o b o th . Th is , h owever , n eed n o t n ecessar i ly b e s o .

1 3

F irs t ly , t he " S"-shaped p rof i le

may b e more b y c hance t han b y d es ign s ince t here were o bv ious ly a g rea t many p o t ters a t work a nd s o v ar ia t ions i n f or m were b ound t o o ccur , e specia l ly i n s uch h and-bu i l t p o t tery .

S econd ly , t he c ord d ecora t ion r e ferred t o i s a

p opu lar a nd l ong-used t echn ique . FOOD VESSEL URNS Dr . I . L ongwor th ( Longwor th 1 961 ) h as s ugges ted t ha t t he F ood V esse l Urns a re t he r esu l t o f t he a dop t ion o f t he C o l lared Urn b ur ia l r i te b y t he i nh um ing F ood V essel c o m mun i ty , a nd s o t here i s ac hrono log ica l d i f ference a nd a s l igh t d i f ference i n p rac t ice b e tween t he u sers o f F ood V esse ls a nd F ood Urns .

A . M . A pS i mon ( ApS i mon 1 972 ) s ugges ts h owever t ha t t h is may n o t

h ave b rough t a bou t t he g enes is o f t he F ood V esse l Urn s ince i t may a lready h ave e x is ted a s p ar t o f ad o mes t ic a sse mblage , a s a t t he s e t t le men t s i te a t K i le l lan F ar m .

A pS i mon s uppor ts t h is b y t he o bserva t ion t ha t t he F ood V esse l

Urns o we n o th ing i n t he way o f f or m o r d ecora t ion t o C o l lared Urns , b u t o n ly t he ir a ssocia ted b ur ia l r i te .

H owever , i n d iscuss ing t hese v iews T . C ow ie

( Cow ie 1 975 ) p o in ts o u t t ha t t he l arge v esse ls a re o f ten o f s uch p ropor t ions t ha t t hey wou ld h ave b een o f l i t t le u se , i n ap rac t ica l s ense , i n ad o mes t ic a sse mblage s ince t heir s tabi l i ty i s p oor , a s i n t he c ase w i th t he v esse ls f ro m G oa tscrag , N os . 1 03 a nd 1 10 , a nd B roo mhouses , N o . 1 09 .

C ow ie a lso

d ec ides t ha t i ti s p oss ib le t o c o mbine t he t heor ies o f L ongwor th a nd A pS i mon a nd s ugges ts t ha t t he l arge d o mes t ic v esse ls c ou ld h ave b een a dap ted f or c rema t ion u pon t he a dopt ion o f t he C ineary U rn r i te ,, a nd t ha t t he s tabi l i ty wou ld t hen h ave b een o f l i t t le impor tance s ince t he v essels were o f ten i nver ted o ver t he c re ma t ion d epos i t .

Th is s t i l l imp l ies a c hrono log ica l d i fference b e tween

t he F ood V esse ls a nd F ood V essel Urns . I ti s p oss ible , h owever , t ha t we s hou ld r egard t he r i te o f c re ma t ion o n i t s o wn a nd n o t l abe l i ta" Co l lared U rn" r i te .

T h is i s af or m o f b ur ia l t ha t

h as s urv ived f ro m t he N eo l i th ic a nd i s p robably o lder t han t he r i te o f i nd iv id ua l i nhu ma t ion f ound w i th B eakers a nd s o me F ood V esse ls .

J us t a s t oday

c re ma t ion a nd i nhu ma t ion e x is t s ide b y s ide i n t he s a me c u l tura l s e t t ing , s o t hey may h ave c o-ex is ted i n t he e ar ly B ronze Age ;

b u t wh i le c re ma t ion o r

i nhu ma t ion a re d e ter m ined b y r e l ig ion o r p ersona l c ho ice t oday , p erhaps r el ig ion o r s oc ia l s ta tus was t he d e ter m in ing f ac tor i n t he E ar ly B ronze Age . Wi th i ndiv idua l i nhu ma t ion e x is t ing i n t he p re-Beaker N eo l i th ic , t he l abe ls " Beaker r i te" , " Food V esse l r i te" a nd " Urn r i te" a re b eco m ing l ess a nd l ess a ccep table .

B o th F ood V esse ls a nd F ood V esse l Urns , t herefore , c ou ld

e as i ly h ave d eve loped c on te mporaneous ly , e ach w i th i t s o wn b ur ia l r i te . The c o-ex is tence o f t wo f or ms o f b ur ia l i n t he s a me c o m mun i ty i s p oss ib ly s uppor ted b y t he f ind ing o f F ood V esse ls w i th c re ma t ions a nd F ood V essel Urns w i th i nd iv idua l i nhu ma tions , a s we l l a s t he f ind ing o f c re ma t ions i n c is ts , b u t e spec ia l ly t he o ccurence a t G ar ton S lack , N o . LXXV ( Mor t i mer 1 905 ) o f a n i nhu ma t ion w i th a c re ma t ion p i led o ver i t s f ee t . F ood V esse l U rns w i th s hou lder g rooves a nd s tops a re a l mos t c er ta in ly r ela ted t o t he Y orksh ire V ases , a nd t ha t f ro m Wh ickha m , N o . 1 00 , i s o f c lass ic Yorksh ire V ase s hape w i th a b road , we l l d e f ined s hou lder g roove a nd a s ing le r ow o f s tops .

C ow ie p oin ts o u t i n t he s a me work t ha t v esse ls w i th t wo r ows

o f s tops u sua l ly h ave t he s tops a pp l ied r a ther t han r a ised a s i n N os . 1 03 a nd

1 4

1 05 , f ro m G oa tscrag a nd B arrasford r espec t ively , b u t t hey a re p resu mably r e la ted t o t he s a me Yorksh ire V ases a s a re t he v ery r are F ood V esse l Urns w i th t hree r ows o f s tops a s i n v esse l N o . 1 06 f ro m H igh Bus ton .

The r i ms

o f t he F ood V essel U rns a re a lso s im i lar t o t he F ood V esse ls i n t ha t t hey a re u sua l ly b eve l led a nd mou lded .

I n s o me c ases among t he F ood V essel

Urns t he r im b eve l i s t i ered , f or e xa mp le i n t he v esse ls f ro m Wh ickha m , a nd R y ton , N os . 1 08 a nd 1 06 r espec t ively , b u t t h is f ea ture i s a ga in r are . C INERARY URNS Wi th r egard t o t he C inerary U rns , C larke ( C larke 1 970 ) s ugges ts t ha t t hey c an p erhaps b e c ons idered a s t he l a te N eo l i th ic p o t tery o f t he n or thern a nd c en tra l a reas o f B r i ta in , l a ter o ver-runn ing t he F enga te t err i tory , e specia l ly i n Wessex , b u t h e a lso emphas ises t he p ar t p layed b y B eakers i n t h is d eve lopmen t , a nd h e s ays t ha t t he " Beaker i n troduc t ion o f t he C ol lared r im a nd t he l a ter z oned h err ingbone d ev ice wou ld s ugges t t ha t t he i n i t ia l d evelop men t o f t he P r i mary S er ies o f C o l lared U rns was c on te mporary w i th t he a rr iva l o f t he N /MR B eaker g roup ( c . 1 800 b .c .) " .

Th is t heory h as n ever h ad w ide

s uppor t , a nd Dr . C larke 's s ugges ted d a te i s t oo e ar ly f or C o l lared Urns . H e a lso c la i ms t ha t " direc t B eaker i n f luence c an b e d e tec ted i n t he h err ing b one d ev ice , p oss ibly s t i mu la ted b y t he N/MR B eaker g roup" . L ongwor th , h owever ,

Dr . I .

( Longwor th 1 961 ) s ees t he o r ig ins o f t he C o l lared Urns

i n t he P e terborough p o t tery t rad i t ion .

H e s ays t ha t t he C o l lared Urns " co me

d irect ly f ro m t he l a ter p hases" o f t ha t t rad i t ion , a nd t ha t t he c o l lar h ad a lready b een f or ma l ised i n t he F enga te s tyle .

There i s s uppor t f or t he v iew

t ha t C o l lared U rns a re n at ive d eve lop men ts u n in f luenced b y t he B eakers . Th is c an p erhaps b e u pheld b y P iggo t t who i l lus tra tes a N eo l i th ic b ow l f ro m Dundru m o f S andh i 1 1 t ype ( P iggo t t S . 1 954 , f ig . 5 0 ) wh ich wou ld b e i den t ica l i n s hape t o aC o l lared U rn were t he b ody t runca ted i ns tead o f h em ispher ica l . E ven t he t w is ted c ord h urdl ing o n t he c o l lar wou ld n o t b e o u t o f p lace among t he C inerary U rns .

As f or t he h err ingbone mo t i f r e ferred t o b y C larke , t h is

a ppears o n t he r i m mou ld ings o f t wo N eo l i th ic v esse ls f ro m F ord , N or thu mberl and , men t ioned a nd i l lus tra ted a bove , wh ich o n an a log y w i th t hose f ro m Me ldon B r idge w i th c arbon-14 d a tes o f 2 336 + 5 0 b c a nd 2 290 + 5 5 b c ,

( Burgess

1 976 ) may b e p re-Beaker a nd n o t l a te i n t he P e terborough t radi t ion a s s ugg es ted b y L ongwor th ( Longwor th 1 964 ) . DECORATION Mos t o f t he d ecora t ive t echn iques a nd mo ti fs f ound o n t he v esse ls i n q ues t ion ( f ig . I :2 ) c an b e t raced b ack t o t he P e terborough p o t tery t rad i t ion o f t he N eo li th ic ( P iggo t t S . 1 931; Sm i th I . 1 956 ) . S i mp le i nc is ion , t echn ique 1 , i s t he mos t c o m mon ly u sed a nd t ake t he f or m o f h err ingbone ( mo t i f a ) , v ery c o m mon o n P e terborough p o t tery , wh ich o ccurs i n 2 3 e xa mp les among t he F ood V essels a lone . An e labora t ion o f t h is o ccurs i n t he Yorksh ire Vase f ro m H o l lys tone C o m mon , N o . 4 5 , where t he h err ingbone i s v er t ica l , a nd t he t wo b ands a re s epara ted b y as ing le i ncised v er t ica l l ine .

I ncis ion a lso

t akes t he f or m o f c hevrons a nd i rregu lar l eng ths o f p ara l le l , h or izon ta l o r v er t ica l s trokes ( mo t i fs b , ca nd d ) . Av ar ia t ion o f s i mp le i nc is ion i s t echn ique 2 , t he s tab a nd d rag d ev ice , wh ich i s a ga in f ound o n P e terborough p o t tery a nd o ccurs h ere i n t wo f or ms . 1 5

g

, .- . .." ,, •

... • �

..

-

The first is formed by an angular point, and the second by a rounded point, which is then stabbed into the soft clay and dragged down and out at the same time resulting in strokes about 1 cm in length and decreasing in depth. This is most commonly found in the herringbone motif, and also random strokes or stabs, motif g. A further variation on incision is scoring or the making of shallow grooves by dragging a blunt point at a uniform depth through the soft clay, technique 3, and it occurs commonly in motif c. An example of this from the area is a bowl from Beanley, No. 74, where the lines occur in groups of three and perhaps follow the Beaker method of separating zones of decoration. This technique, however, is also used on Peterborough pottery, and especially Grooved Ware (Manby T. G. 1974), and it is notable that similar grooves, but diagonally orientated and less regular, occur on a wall sherd from a Clacton style vessel from Ford, Northumberland (fig. II. 3).

Cord decoration in its many forms is also common to the pottery under review and the Peterborough tradition. Whipped cord decoration (technique 4) is formed by wrapping a piece of twisted cord tightly round a second piece, of cord, stick, bone or something similar. The use of this device to form maggots, so-called because of their short oval and segmented nature (tech­ nique 4. i), is very common. These maggots are most often arranged in herringbone fashion, motif a, while they are also found in short lengths arranged in irregular vertical or horizontal lines, motifs c and d. Larger lengths of whipped cord are also found, technique 4. ii, arranged in motifs d and e. A simpler type of cord decoration employs cord in its twisted form, tech­ nique 5, without being whipped, and this is es ecially common in the pottery from the area, as indeed in this type of pottery generally (Manby T. G. 1957; Simpson D. D. A. 1965). Twisted cord decoration is found both in the native Neolithic pottery, and the Beaker pottery of Britain and the Continent, espe­ cially in the All Over Corded Beakers. Encircling lines, motif c, are espe­ cially common and may be influenced by the AOC Beakers, certainly in the case of vessels with closely set encircling lines. In some cases this motif is used to separate zones of decoration and so again may be indicative of Beaker influence. This technique is found in all motifs in the Food Vessel Corpus.

Combed decoration, technique 6, also appears in various forms on this· style of pottery, and. also in the Peterborough tradition. This is often found in short lengths which are termed pseudo-maggots because of their simi­ larity to the whipped cord maggots described above (Piggott S. 1931). Like whipped cord, however, combed decoration also appears in continuous lines which form motifs c, e, and h, while the short lengths are invariably found in motif a. Stabs made without dragging by a sharp or blunt instrument in the soft clay also form part of the large range of decoration found on the Food Vessels, and are found in regular or irregular patterns. These occur in motifs b, c, and g, and form less ambitious patterns than the other techniques, though this is perhaps only due to their more disparate nature. These stabs are 17

F ord

T h i r l ings F IG I :3

a gain f ound o n t he N eo l i th ic n a t ive p o t tery , l oca l e xa mp les b e ing t he C lacton s herd f ro m F ord , a nd o ne f ro m Th ir l ings , N or thu mber land ,

1

wh ich h ave d eep

c on ica l s tab marks made b y as harp p enc i ll ike p o in t ( f ig . 1 :3 ). F inger n ai l impress ions , t echn ique 8 , a lso h ave G rooved Ware p redec essors i n s uch v esse ls a s t ha t f ro m P icker ing ( Manby T . G . 1 974 ) a nd t hey a lso o ccur o n af ew e xa mp les i n t he p resen t c orpus .

These , h owever , s ee m

t o b e mos t ly a cciden ta l a nd a ppear i n p laces s uch a s t he e nds o f l eng ths o f t w is ted c ord where t hey h ave b een p ressed i n to t he c lay . H owever , t hey a re i n ten t iona l o n v esse l N o . 7 8 , f ro m B laydon , where t hey mos t r ese mble t he v esse l f ro m P icker ing men t ioned a bove , a nd o n v esse l N o . 5 4 f ro m H igh Bus ton . O f t he F ood V esse ls i n t he c orpus , t hree h ave wha t may b e t er med B eaker d ecora tive t ra i ts . One f ro m H ow T a l lon , N o . 2 3 , h as s ta mped o r r ou le t ted d ecora tion f or m ing b ands o f d en ta te t r i-ang les wh ich e nc irc le t he v esse l , e ach b and b eing s epara ted f ro m t he n ex t b y t hree e nc irc l ing l ines i n t he t oo thed s t ick t echn ique. S o l i t t le o f t h is v esse l r e ma ins , h owever , t ha t i tc ou ld we l l b e ab eaker t hough t he f abr ic a nd i n terna l r im b eve l a rgue a gains t t h is . The s econd i s ab ow l f ro m Moor L odge , A lnw ick , N o . 7 2 , wh ich i s d ecora ted w i th f i l led t r iang les p laced b ase t o b ase t o f or m l ozenges ( C larke 1 970 , v o l . I ). The t h ird i s a lso a b ow l f ro m J es mond , N o . 7 0 , wh ich i s o f H iberno-Sco t t ish t ype .

Th is i s c overed w i th r ou le t ted d ecora t ion , i nc lud ing l ozenges a nd c hev-

r ons , wh ich i s d iv ided i n to z ones b y g roups o f e nc irc l ing l ines o f n o tched s t ick d ecora t ion . Af ew o ther F ood V esse ls h ave z oned d ecora t ion s uch a s v esse l N o . 7 4 f ro m B ean ley Wes t F ar m a nd a b ow l f ro m F ord , N o . 7 3 , b u t o therw ise t he ir d ecora t ion i s n o t t ypica l ly B eaker . Three F ood V esse ls d eserve i nd iv idua l a t ten t ion b ecause o f t he ir h igh ly o rna te n a ture ( f ig . 1 :4 ).

N o . 4 3 , f ro m H arbo t t le P ee ls , i s o f Yorksh ire v ase

f or m a nd i s d ecora ted n ea t ly a nd e n t irely w i th s tabs a nd s cor ing .

The s cor ing

t akes t he f or m o f e nc irc l ing l i nes ( mo ti f c ) a nd f i l led t r iang les ( mo ti f f )a nd t he s tabs a lso e nc irc le t he F ood Vessel a nd h e lp t o emphas ise t he s tops i n t he s hou lder g roove .

A l l o f t h is i s e xecu ted b y af ine b u t b lun t p oin t .

On

t he b ase i t sel f i s ac ross f or med b y t wo s cored l ines made b y t he s a me p oin t t ha t i n tercep t a t r igh t a ng les a t t he c en tre , a nd t hese a re f lanked b y s tabs s im i lar t o t hose o n t he b ody o f t he v esse l .

As G reenwe l l p o in ted o u t ( Greenwel l

1 877) t h is b asa l d ecora t ion i s q u i te r are among t he F ood V esse ls , b u t i ti s n o t e n t ire ly u nknown .

The o ther t wo v esse ls f ro m B o l ton a nd L owick H ouse , N os .

7a nd 8 r espec t ive ly , a re v ir tua l ly i den t ica l i n t he ir e labora te d ecora t ion a nd t he ir b ipar t i te f or m .

The ir s im i lar i ty i n h av ing s uch u nusua l ly e labora te

d ecora t ion s ugges ts t ha t t hey may b e t he work o f t he s a me c ra f ts man .

They

h ave r e l ie f d ecora t ion o n t he b ody a nd n eck wh ich s ee ms t o b e f or med b y c u t t ing away t he c lay b e tween t he r ibs r a ther t han b y a dd ing t he r ibs b y way o f p las t ic d ecora t ion , a nd t he f aces o f t he r ibs a re c overed w i th i nc ised h err ingbone a nd c ross h a tch ing .

I n t he g rooves b etween t he r ibs a re v er t ica l

l ines o f c ircu lar impress ions wh ich s ee m t o b e f or med b y t he impress ion o f ac u t f ea ther o r r eed i n to t he s of t c lay .

The d ecora t ion o f a l l t hree v essels

i s o f av ery h igh a es the t ic s tandard . The r e l ie f d ecora t ion o f t he " Encrus ted" F ood V esse l U rns i s u sua l ly r es tr ic ted t o t he a rea o f t he c oncave n eck b e tween t he r i m mou ld ing a nd t he 1 9

s hou lder , a nd u sua l ly t akes t he f or m o f c hevrons w i th t he r esu l t ing t r iangu lar s paces f i l led w i th t he d ecora t ive t echn iques men t ioned a bove , s uch a s t w is ted c ord o r i ncis ion .

On t he F ood V esse l U rn f ro m G oa tscrag , N o . 1 10 , t he

a rcad ing i s n ei ther t r iangu lar n or a ppl ied , b u t i s r a ised i n t he f or m o f s ubr ec tangu lar b ays wh ich a re v ery u nusua l among s uch v esse ls .

Tw is ted c ord

i s u sed t o a ccen tua te t he a rcad ing a nd s o me s paces a re f i l led w i th c oncen tr ic c ord s em icircles wh ich c an p erhaps b e r e la ted t o t he c oncen tr ic c ord d ecorat ion o n t he r i ms o f s o me P e terborough s herds , s uch a s t wo o f t he N eo l i th ic s herds f ro m F ord r e ferred t o a nd i l lus tra ted a bove .

G enera l ly s peak ing

t here i s r are ly a ny d ecora t ion o n t he c res ts o f t he c hevrons t he mse lves t hough t here a re n o tab le e xcep t ions t o t h is r u le i n t h is a rea .

F or e xa mple , v esse l

N o . 1 12 , f ro m F ord , h as t w is ted c ord l ines o n t he r idges o f t he r e l ief d ecorat ion a nd v essels N os . 1 08 a nd 1 09 , f ro m B roo mhouses a nd R y ton r espec t ive ly , b o th h ave s lash ing a cross t he r e l ie f . S tone ( S tone J . F . S . 1 949 ) p o in ts o u t t ha t s o me G rooved Ware s herds f ro m t he Woodhenge a rea h ave s im i lar s lash ing o n t he c ordons , s o i ti s p oss ib le t ha t t he s lash ing o n t he r e l ie fs o f t he G oa ts crag a nd R y ton v esse ls may b e d er ived f ro m t h is G rooved Ware d ev ice . The o r ig ins o f t h is t ype o f r e l ie f d ecora t ion a re o bscure b u t ApS i mon ( ApS i mson A .M ., 1 974 ) p o in ts o u t t ha t t he B ronze Age p o t ters h ad e xper ience o f p las t ic d ecora t ion f ro m t he G rooved Ware t rad i t ion , a nd a lso i n t he s tops o f t he Yorksh ire v ases a nd t he F ood V esse l U rns w i th s tops i n t he s hou lder g rooves .

S ince t hese s tops a re n o t f ar r e moved f ro m t he a pp l ied c hevrons ,

o u ts ide i n f luences n eed n ot b e s ough t . The a pp l ied r idges o n s o me g rooved ware f ragmen ts s uch a s t he p las t ic s tr ips o n t he Durr ing ton Wa l ls s tyle o f p o t tery a re a l so p robab ly r ela ted t o t he a pp l ied c hevrons o f s o me F ood V essel Urns . A l l o ther d ecora t ive t echn iques a nd mo t i fs u sed o n t he F ood V esse l Urns , a nd i ndeed o n t he C inerary U rns , a re a lso t o b e f ound o n t he F ood V esse ls , a nd s o h ave b een d ea l t w i th a bove.

Th is s treng thens t he p oss ibl i ty o f a

r ela t ionsh ip b e tween t he F ood V esse ls a nd t he F ood V esse l Urns a lready r eferred t o w i th r egard t o f or m .

L inked d irec t ly t o G rooved Ware , h owever ,

a re t he c are fu l ly e xecu ted g rooves o n t he F ood V essel Urn f ro m R y ton , N o . 1 08 , a nd t he s tabs o n t he C lac ton s herd f ro m F ord r eferred t o a bove c an b e d irec t ly p ara l le led b y t he s tabs o n t he F ood V esse l Urn f ro m K irkwhelpingt on , N o . 8 6 , t he more s o s ince t he f abr ic o f t he G rooved Ware s herd i s e ssent ia l ly o f E ar ly B ronze Age t ype . P la i ted c ord d ecora t ion i s r are ; i ti s a bsen t f ro m t he F ood V esse ls b u t i ti s f ound o n o ne F ood V esse l Urn a nd t wo C inerary Urns i n t he c orpus . The t wo C inerary U rns , N os . 1 24 a nd 1 40 , a re f ro m H o lys tone C o m mon a nd S tonebr idge r espec tively a nd t he F ood V esse l U rn i s N o . 1 06 f ro m H igh Bus ton .

The H igh Bus ton v esse l i s more u nusua l a s i ti s a lso t he o n ly F ood

V esse l Urn t o h ave t hree s hou lder g rooves e ach w i th i t s r ow o f s tops . One F ood V essel Urn , t ha t f ro m R oseborough , N o . 9 0 , d eserves s pecia l men t ion b ecause o f i t s e labora te n a ture . Th is v esse l a l mos t h as a C o l lared Urn f or m , b u t i th as t wo C o l lars , a nd i t s b ipar t i te f or m a nd t he a pp l ied d ecora t ion q ua l i fy i tf or i nc lus ion among t he F ood V esse l U rns .

The a ppl ied

d ecora t ion t akes t he f or m o f sma l l p e l le ts o f c lay a dded t o t he r i m mou ld ing a nd t o t he s hou lder , t o g ive t hose f ea tures a s ca l loped e f fec t .

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F IG I 1 :4

,

o f t he v esse l i s d ecora ted f ro m t he s hou lder t o t he b ase w i th i nc ised f i l led t r iang les , a nd s uch t o ta l d ecora t ion i s r are among t he F ood V esse l U rns . Th is F ood V essel Urn i s v ery c lose ly r e la ted t o t he t wo e labora te v esse ls f ro m B ean ly a nd L ow ick i l lus tra ted i n f ig . 1 .4 , e spec ia l ly i n t he e labora te u se o f i nc is ion a nd g roov ing w i th r eed i mpress ions i n t he g rooves , b o th o n t he r i m mou ld ing a nd o n t he i n terna l b eve l .

I ti s s ugges ted , t here fore , t ha t

we a re d ea l ing , i n t he a bove v esse ls , w i th t he w ork o f t he s a me p o t ter . Un for tuna te ly , t h is u rn was n o t l oca ted b y t he wr i ter i n t he Br i t ish Museu m a nd i ts ee ms t o b e p reserved o n ly i n G reenwe l l 's e ngrav ing .

I ti s t o b e h oped

t ha t t he U rn w i l l c o me t o l igh t when work i np rogress o n t he G reenwe l l ma te r ia l r eaches Durha m a nd N or thumber land .

NOTES 1 . Iam g ra te fu l t o Mr . R oger M ike t f or t h is i n for ma t ion .

2 2

S ECTION I I BUR IAL CONTEXT

A l l a spec ts o f t he b ur ia ls t ha t a cco mpan ied t he v esse ls w i l l b e d ea l t w i th u nder t he h ead ing o f Bur ia l c on tex t w i th t he e xcep t ions o f t he a ssoc ia t ions , wh ich s ha l l b e d ea l t w i th u nder c hrono logy , e xcep t i n s o f ar a s t hey s hed f ur ther l i gh t o n t he b ur ia ls , s uch a s i nd ica t ing t he p oss ib le s ex o f t he b ody . T he F ood V esse l U rns w i l l b e d ea l t w i th s epara te ly , a s we l l a s C inerary U rns s ince t he ir g enera l a ssoc ia ted r i te i s d i f feren t f ro m t he mode o f b ur ia l n or ma lly a ssocia ted w i th t he F ood V esse ls .

O bv ious ly t here i s much o f t he

b ur ia l t ha t w i l l n o t s urv ive i n t he a rchaeo log ica l r ecord s uch a s a ny r i tua l s ong , p rayer o r d ance t ha t migh t h ave p layed s o me p ar t i n t he c ere mony , s o e ven w i th t he f u l ler r ecord ing o f more r ecen t e xcava t ion we c an o n ly s tudy a n i nco mp le te p ic ture . FOOD VESSELS A .

Mound B e fore d iscuss ing t he s epu lchra l monu men t i t sel f , i ti s wor th p o in ting o u t

t ha t i n t h is monograph t he t er m " ca irn" i s u sed t o i nd ica te a mound c o mposed ma in ly , t hough n o t n ecessar i ly t o ta l ly , o f s tones , a nd " barrow" t o r e fer t o as im i lar monu men t o f e ar th . We a re f or tuna te t o h ave s o me d e ta i ls o f a t l eas t p ar t o f t he b ur ia l c on tex t o f t he ma jor i ty o f t he t ota l n umber o f p oss ib le s epu lchra l v esse ls i n t he F ood V esse l c orpus , b u t u n for tuna te ly f u l ly d e ta i led r epor ts a re v ery f ew .

As

many a s 4 6 may h ave c o me f ro m a c a irn o r b arrow , b u t o f t hese s ix h ad n o t race o f a ny a ssocia ted b ur ia l a nd i n f ive i ns tances t here i s n o d is t inc t ion made ; b e tween a b arrow a nd a c a irn .

O f t he r e ma inder , n one c an d e f in i te ly b e s a id

t o h ave h ad n o mound c over ing t he b ur ia l a t a l l .

T he b ur ia l i n ac a irn o r

b arrow p robab ly r epresen ts n o more t han a t opograph ica l d i f ference , a nd t hough t he ma ter ia ls may b e d i f feren t , t he e nd r esu l t i s t he s a me , n a me ly a mound , i nvar iably c ircu lar , c over ing a t l eas t o ne b ur ia l .

L a ter a dd i t ions

t o t he mound i t sel f a s we l l a s t o t he b ur ia ls a re p oss ible , wh ich n ow e x is ts t o ag rea ter o r l esser e x ten t .

These c ircu lar mounds were g enera l ly t hough t

t o b e t he r esu l t o f B eaker i n f luence , t he p ract ice o f i nd iv idua l c on trac ted i nhu ma t ion i n ar ound b arrow o r c a irn c om ing f ro m t he c on t inen t w i th t he B eaker i ns trus ions .

P iggo t t ( P iggo t t S . 1 954 ) , h owever , p oin ts o u t t ha t t hese

r ound mounds a re a lso f ound i n N eol i th ic B r i ta in .

H e s ays " there i s s o me

e v idence f or b ur ia l u nder r ound b arrows w i th t he s a me o r s im i lar

r i te t o t ha t

i n t he u ncha mbered l ong b arrows o f Wessex" , a nd h e g ives a s a n e xa mp le t he D i l ton r ound b arrow i n Wi l tsh ire wh ich was f or med f ro m t he u p-cas t ma ter ia l f ro m a q uarry d i tch wh ich s urrounds t he mound l i ke t hose o f t he l ong b arrows , a nd wh ich c overed s even o r e igh t d isar t icu la ted s keletons .

2 3

P iggo t t l a ter p oin ts

o u t i n t he s a me work t ha t " pecu l iar t o Yorksh ire a re a l arge n u mber o f b ur ia ls o f v ar ious t ypes u nder r ound b arrows b u t a ssoc ia ted w i th p o t tery a nd g rave g oods o f N eo l i th ic t ypes" .

H e q uo tes e v idence o f mu l t ip le i nhu ma t ions u nder

r ound b arrows i n s uch c ases a s G reenwel l N os . V I I , V I I I , a nd LV I I ( Greenwe l l 1 877 ) , a nd e v idence f or s ing le o r d oub le i nhuma t ions o f N eo l i th ic d a te i n G reenwe l l I I . G reenwe l l I I h ad a s ing le c on trac ted b ur ia l a ssocia ted w i th Neo l i th ic p o t tery , a nd t h is p rac t ice o f s ing le i nhu ma t ion i s a lso f ound u nder l ong b arrows i n Wi l tsh ire . I n N or thu mber land a nd Durha m , t here was a c re ma t ion t rench b elow t he r ound b arrow a t C op t H i l l , n ear H ough ton-le-Spr ing , a nd a F ood V essel a nd F ood V esse l U rn c a me f ro m s econdary c on tex ts i n t he mound .

The N eo l i th ic

mounds o f C oun ty Durha m may p rov ide a l ink b e tween t hose o f Yorksh ire a nd N or thumber land , s uch a s t ha t a t F ord ( Greenwe l l CLXXXV IL I ).

N eo l i th ic

p o t tery a lso c a me f ro m t he ma ter ia l o f t he b arrow a t H as t ing H i l l n ear S under land ( f ig . 1 1 .1 ) . S ince t h is c a me f ro m t he mound ma ter ia l i t may r epresen t l i t t le more t han N eol i th ic a c t iv i ty i n t he a rea , b u t Trench man a lso f ound v ar ious b ones i n t he ma ter ia l , a par t f ro m t he s econdary b ur ia ls , a nd i tc ou ld b e t ha t aN eo l i th ic d epos i t was d is turbed when t he " pr i mary" B eaker i nhu ma t ion was i nser ted .

A t Warden L aw , h owever , a lso i n C oun ty Durha m ,

ar ound b arrow 3 3 f ti n d ia me ter was e xcava ted ( Trench man 1 914 ) a nd p rod uced e v idence o f t wo i n ter men ts , p oss ibly i n ac is t , w i th a f rag men t o f " undecora ted p o t tery o f t he u sua l t ype" , b u t a lso c in ta in ing a c ache o f f l in ts i nc lud ing t wo N eo l i th ic l ea f-shaped a rrowheads a nd p ar t o f t he c u t t ing e dge o f ag reens tone a xe , a lso c harac ter is t ica l ly N eo l i th ic .

I t s ee ms t here fore

t ha t t he r ound b arrows o f t he C opper a nd B ronze Ages may o we a s much , i f n o t more , t o l oca l d eve lop men t t han t o B eaker i ns trus ions . There a re f ive e xa mples o f c a irns b e ing d escr ibed a s s e t i n ac ircle o f s tones . These a re G reenwe l l 's CLXXXVI I , CC , CCX I a nd CCI . B arrow CC I o n B ew ick Moor i s e spec ia l ly i n teres t ing s ince t he r im f ragmen t o f F ood Vesse l U rn N o . 1 16 , wh ich was f ound among c re ma ted r e ma ins , may b e N eo li th ic j udg ing b y i t s d ark b rown c o lour a nd g eneral f or m .

These s tone

c irc les a re p robably t o b e s een more a s k erbs t o t he c a irns o r b arrows r a ther t han a c tua l s tand ing s tone c irc les a s a re f ound i n h enges , e xcep t i n a f ew c ases .

A t C hat ton S andy ford , f ro m wh ich c a me v esse l N o . 9 6 , t he c a irn

h as b een s c ien t i f ica l ly e xcava ted t o modern s tandards a nd a k erb o f s tones s e t o n e dge r ound t he p er iphery o f t he c a irn was r evea led . H ere t he e xcava tor ( Jobey , G . 1 968 )s aw t ha t t he k erb was s econdary a nd s erved t he p urpose o f e n larg ing t he c a irn a f ter t he t h ird B eaker i n termen t , a nd p oss ib ly c on te mporary w i th o r s l igh t ly p receded t he d epos i t ion o f v esse l N o . 9 6 a nd i t s a ssocia ted c re ma t ion . S uch k erbs a re b y n o means r are ( Fox C . 1 939 ) b u t t ha t a t C ha t ton S andy ford i s n o tab le f or t he h igh s tandard o f t he c are fu l ly d ressed s tones . A t C a tchers ide ( CCX I ) as im i lar r ing was c o mposed o f o n ly s ix s tand ing s tones o f wh ich t hree h ad b een r obbed away a nd t hree w ere s t i l l s tand ing . Whether t h is r epresen ted a b roken k erb wh ich wou ld s t i l l h e lp t o r e ta in t he ma ter ia l o f t he mound , o r as tand ing s tone c irc le o f t he t ype f ound i n h enge monu men ts , c an o n ly b e g uessed a t , a nd wh i le t he f or mer may b e t he more l ike ly , t he c onnec t ion b e tween h enges a nd b arrows s hou ld b e n o ted ( Ashbee P . 1 960 ). The g enera l ly p oor s tandard o f t he r epor ts o f t he f ind ing o f t he v esse ls e x tends t o t he r ecord ing o f t he ir p os i t ions i n t he mounds , a nd o n ly i n e igh t

2 4

_ F ig I I : 1

c ases d o we h ave s u f f ic ien t d e ta i ls t o d e ter m ine t he s econdary o r p r i mary p os i t ion o f t he b ur ia ls .

A t Broo mh i l l ( Greenwel l CLXXXV I I ) v esse l N o . 5 0

was i n ap r i mary p os i t ion w i th s ix s econdary U rn i n ter men ts .

A t D odd ing ton

( Greenwe l l CLXXX IX ) v esse l N o . 6 1 was t he o n ly i n ter men t , a s were v esse ls N os . 4 8 a nd 8 4 a t S ou th C har l ton , a nd s o t hey mus t b e a ssu med t o b e p r i mary u n less b ur ia ls were o ver looked .

A t Eg l ingha m a nd H o lys tone C o m mon

( Greenwe l l CC a nd CC IV ) aF ood V esse l a nd v esse l N o . 4 5 a gain o ccupied t he p r i mary p os i t ions , t he s econdary i n ter men ts b e ing a b ur ia l w i th a b ip ar t i te F ood Vesse l a nd a n u nacco mpan ied b ur ia l a t Eg l ingha m a nd t wo u nacc o mpan ied b ur ia ls a t H o lys tone C o m mon .

A t S ou th C har l ton a nd H as t ing H i l l

t he p r i mary i n ter men ts were B eakers , b u t t ha t a t H as t ing H i l l ( Ta i t J . 1 965 , N o . 8 8 ) i s v ery d egenera te a nd h as a f or m n o t u n l ike a b ipar t i te F ood V esse l . A t H as t ing H i l l t here were t hree b ipar t i te F ood V esse ls , o ne C o l lared Urn a nd o ne F ood V esse l Urn c o mpr is ing t he s econdary b ur ia ls a s wel l a s a n u nacco mpan ied i nhu ma t ion , wh i le a t C op t H i l l t he b arrow y ie lded N eo l i th ic p r i mary ma ter ia l a nd a F ood V esse l , F ood V esse l Urn a nd a S axon i n ter men t i n s econdary p os i t ions .

I ts hou ld b e n o ted t ha t n o F ood Vesse l h as b een f ound

s tra t igraph ica l ly e ar l ier t han a B eaker i n aB arrow o r c a irn , a nd t he r e lat ionsh ip b e tween U rns a nd F ood Vesse ls i n s im i lar . B .

I n ter men t The me thod o f d epos i t ion o f t he b ur ia l , e i ther i nhu ma t ion o r c re ma t ion ,

a ssoc ia ted w i th t he F ood V essels i s mos t c o m mon ly i n ar ec tangu lar c is t f or med b y a t l eas t f our l arge f la t s tones s e t o n e dge t o f or m a b ox a nd c overed b y ac ap-s tone o f ten o f c ons iderable s ize a nd weigh t .

S even ty-eigh t o f t he

F ood V esse ls i n t he c orpus c an c er ta in ly b e s a id t o h ave c o me f ro m s uch a c is t wh i le o n ly e leven c an b e s a id n o t t o h ave c o me f ro m a c is t b u t s t i l l a cco mp any a b ur ia l d epos i t . Th is p rac t ice o f c is t b ur ia l i s p oss ib ly t o b e s een a s aB eaker c on tr ibu t ion t o l oca l b ur ia l c us to ms a nd t he p rac t ice o f ad ug p i tg rave i n l ow land a reas a nd a b u i l t s tone g rave i n t he h igh land z one was b rough t w i th t he B eakers f ro m t he C on t inen t . O f t he B eakers f ro m T a i t 's c orpus ( Ta i t 1 965 ) , n umber ing 1 06 i n t o ta l , a nd e xc lud ing N os . 1 -25 f ro m Ross L inks , a c oas ta l s and d une s i te , a nd N os . 2 6-30 f ro m O ld Y eaver ing a bou t wh ich t here a re n o d e ta i ls , 4 8 c a me f ro m c is ts , a nd o ne , f ro m C ar t ing ton ( Ta i t 1 965 , N o . 9 6 ) f ro m a d ug g rave . S andy ford ( Jobey 1 968 ) .

T o t hese may b e a dded t he d ug g raves a t C ha t ton

O f t he r e ma in ing 2 8 o n ly f ive c an w i th a ny d egree

o f c er ta in ty b e s a id n o t t o h ave c o me f ro m a c is t .

The c is ts i n wh ich t he F ood

Vesse ls o f t he p resen t c orpus were f ound were a l l o f s tandard f or m , e xcep t f or t ha t f ro m H arbo t t le P ee ls i n wh ich t here was a F ood V esse l ( now l os t ) wh ich i s i n teres t ing i n t ha t i th ad a s tone b ase . t ha t f ound a t L i t t le Dr i f ie ld ( Mor t i mer 1 905 ).

I n t h is r espec t i tr ese mbles F ro m t he s a me c a irn a t

H arbo t t le P ee ls t here c a me a c is t c on ta in ing v essel N o . 3 7 ,

wh ich h ad a

p a ttern " l ike a f oo t" 5 Z i n l ong b y a max i mu m o f 3i n w ide i ncised o n o ne o f t he s labs t ha t f or med t he s ou th s ide .

The c is t f ound w i th v esse l N o . 8 3 f ro m

Has t ing H i l l was a lso u nusua l i n t ha t i t was r ough ly c ircu lar , b u t t he s tones were t oo s ubs tan t ia l f or i tt o h ave b een s i mply a c as ing o f s tones l ike t hose wh ich p ro tec ted s o me o f t he F ood Vesse l Urns a nd C inerary Urns f ro m t he a rea .

The c is t i t se l f i s t he o n ly a spec t o f t he s o-ca l led E ar ly Bronze Age

b ur ia l r i te o f s ing le c on trac ted i nhu ma t ions t ha t c anno t b e s een t o h ave c lear b eg inn ings i n t he l a te N eo l i th ic . Bu t many c is ts h ave b een f ound w i thou t 2 6

d a teable a ssoc ia t ions a nd t hese may p rove , when more r ad iocarbon d a tes h ave b een d e ter m ined , t o d a te f ro m t he N eo l i th ic .

The p rac t ice o f a ss ign ing a c is t

t o t he E ar ly Bronze Age s i mp ly b y a na logy may e ven tua l ly p rove t o b e v ery d angerous . The o r ien ta t ion o f t he c is ts c an o n ly b e d e ter m ined i n t wen ty c ases a nd t he ma jor i ty o f t hese f a l l i n to t he n or th/sou th t o e as t/wes t o r ien ta t ion , a nd t he n or th/sou th o r ien ta t ion i s t he mos t c o m mon ( f ig . I I .2 b ). Th is u n for tuna te ly t e l ls u s v ery l i t t le e xcep t t ha t s uch a n o r ien ta t ion a l lows t he b ody t o b e l a id o n i t s r igh t s ide w i th i t s f ace l ook ing f ro m e as t t o s ou th , t he s ign i f icance o f wh ich w i l l b e d ea l t w i th b e low . Wi th r egard t o t he a c tua l t ype o f b ur ia l a ssoc ia ted w i th t he F ood Vesse ls , we h ave r ecords o f ap oss ib le 2 1 c re ma t ions a nd 2 5 i nhu ma t ions .

The ma jor-

i t y , t here fore , a re i nhu ma t ions a nd a l though t he n umbers a ppear t o b e q u i te c lose , a nd t he d i f ference t here fore i ns ign i f ican t , i ti s l i ke ly t ha t al arge n umb er o f i nhu ma t ions may h ave d isappeared d ue t o t he a cid s oi l c ond i t ions t ha t a re p reva len t i n N or thumber land .

I nhuma t ion i s p resen t i n t he N eo l i th ic i n

B r i ta in , b u t h ere t he r e ma ins a re o f ten d isar t icu la ted , e spec ia l ly b enea th l ong b arrows , a s t hough t he c orpses h ad b een a l lowed t o d ecay a nd t he b ones g a thered a t al a ter d a te .

C rouched i nhu ma t ions , h owever , a re f ound i n N eo-

l i th ic c on tex ts a nd s o was c lear ly b e ing p rac t ised i n B r i ta in a t at ime b e fore t here was a ny q ues t ion o f B eaker i n f luence . The a c tua l o r ien ta tion o f t he s ke le ton i s n o t o f ten g iven i n t he r epor ts , ma in ly b ecause o f t he p oor s ta te o f p reserva t ion o f t he r e ma ins , a nd we c an o n ly d e term ine t he o r ien ta t ion i n f ive c ases ( f ig . I I .2 a ).

I n t hese s ke le tons

f aced s ou th-eas t o r e as t , wh ich h as p ro mpted s ugges t ions o f a n a nces tor c u l t , s ince t he B eaker f o lk who were t hough t t o h ave i n troduced t h is mode o f b ur ia l were a lso t hough t t o h ave c o me f ro m t he C on t inen t , a nd t h is p os i t ion was t hen a dop ted b y t he n a t ive p opu la t ion .

B u t i t may a lso h ave b een t o a l low t he d e-

c eased t o f ace t he n ew s un wh ich g ave n ew l i fe t o t he e ar th a f ter t he d ark a nd s o p oss ib ly s ign i f ied l i fe a f ter d ea th .

Tha t a n a f ter-l i fe was b e l ieved i n i s

p oss ib ly a t tes ted b y t he p resence o f g rave g oods . Any s uch b e l ie fs , h owever , u n for tuna tely f or m p ar t o f t he b ur ia l c on tex t t ha t h as n o t s urv ived i n t he a rcha eo log ica l r ecord .

A l l t he s ke le tons l ay o n t he ir r igh t s ides e xcep t t ha t f ro m

B laydon w i th v esse l N o . 2 0 , wh ich was o n i t s l e f t , b u t s t i l l f aced s ou th-eas t . O f t he t wen ty-one k nown c re ma t ions , s ix teen were f ound i n c is ts o f t he s a me t ype a s t hose a ssocia ted w i th i nhu ma t ion , a nd t wo were p ro tec ted b y a c as ing o f s tones o f t he t ype c harac ter is t ic o r u rned c re ma t ions . i ng t wo s ee m t o h ave b een u npro tec ted d epos i ts .

The r e main-

I ft he r i te o f c re ma t ion i s

t o b e s een a s e v idence o f c on tac t w i th t he i nd iv idua l c re ma t ing u rn g roups , t hen we h ave a c on f l ic t i nb ur ia l r i tes .

The i dea o f t he c is t f or m ing t he g rave

i s p resen t , a s i s t he n eed f or a n a cco mpany ing v esse l , b u t t he mode o f i n termen t h as r ad ica l ly c hanged .

A s im i lar c on f l ic t r e ma ins t oday , h owever , when

c re ma ted r e ma ins may b e p laced i n sma l l c o f f ins f or i n ter men t i n f am i ly v au l ts .

B u t t he r i te o f c re ma t ion may h ave s urv ived f ro m t he f ina l N eo li th ic

among o ther g roups t han j us t u rn u sers .

N eo l i th ic c re ma t ion t renches u nder-

l i e r ound b arrows a s h as a lready b een men t ioned , a nd i ti s p oss ib le t o s ee t he N eo l i th ic c re ma t ions d eve loping p ara l le l w i th t he i nhu ma t ions f ro m mu l t ip le t o i nd iv idua l . Th is may a lso r epresen t ac hange i n s oc ia l s truc ture . 2 7

A

w-

-E

B

FIG III=2

Three v esse ls were p robab ly p ro tec ted b y ac as ing o f s tones , a nd o f t hese o ne , N o . 6 8 f ro m S i mons ide i s c er ta in ly a ssoc ia ted w i th c re ma t ion . v esse l f i ts s a t is fac tor i ly i n to n e i ther U rn n or F ood V esse l c a tegor ies .

Th is I t

h as a t l eas t o ne h and le n ear t he t op a nd h as a b ipar t i te p rof i le w i th a c oncave n eck .

I th as n o c o l lar a nd i tc anno t b e s a id t o b e b ucke t s haped .

The h e igh t

i s s im i lar t o t ha t o f t he b ipart i te F ood Vessels b u t t he h e igh t/r im d ia me ter r a t io i s more a k in t o t ha t o f C inerary U rns .

Th is v esse l was f ound s tand ing

u pr igh t i n ac ircu lar c a irn p ro tec ted b y ac as ing o f f l a t s tones s e t o n e dge , a nd c overed b y a no ther f la t s tone .

A F ood V esse l , n ow l os t , f ro m I l der ton

was s a id t o h ave b een f ound i n ar a i lway c u t t ing " be tween t wo l arge s tones" b u t n o f ur ther d e ta i ls o r r ecord o f ab ur ia l a re g iven . S ince l i t t le u sua l ly s urv ives o f t he s ke le ta l r e ma ins i n t h is a rea , t he s ex o f t he b ody c an r are ly b e d e ter m ined .

T he d e ter m ina t ion was p oss ible i n

o n ly s ix c ases i n t he F ood V esse l c orpus . F ive o f t hese were ma le a nd o ne f e ma le , a nd a f ur ther t wo w ere d escr ibed a s ' ch i ld ' b u t n o s ex was r ecorded . The ma le i n ter men t a t B laydon , w i th v esse l N o . 2 0 , was a cco mpan ied b y a s tone b ead ;

t ha t a t D odd ing ton w i th v essel N o . 6 1 was f ound w i th f ragmen ts

o f l ea ther , af l in t f lake a nd a f l in t k n i fe.

The f e ma le b ur ia l was f ound a t

G rea t T osson w i th v esse l N o . 2 , a nd was a cco mpan ied b y a" V"-per fora ted j e t b u t ton .

A t K y loe t he b ody was n o t s exed , b u t i t was a ssocia ted w i th a

j e t n eck lace w i th s pacer b eads , at ype t ha t n or ma l ly a cco mpan ies f e ma le s ke le tons ( Ca l lender G . 1 915 ).

The d e ta i ls o f t h is a spec t o f t he b ur ia ls a re

t oo s can ty t o a l low a ny c onc lus ions t o b e d rawn , b u t e v idence f ro m o ther p ar ts o f t he c oun try s ugges ts t ha t l i t t le i fa ny d is t inc t ion was made b e tween ma le a nd f e ma le b ur ials , t hough p oss ib ly p er ishable ma ter ia l wh ich h as n o t s urv ived o r s o me r i tua l n o t p resen t i n t he a rchaeo log ica l r ecord wou ld h ave g iven u s ad i f feren t p ic ture . There a re t wo c er ta in i ns tances i n t he a rea where t wo b ur ia ls s hared t he s a me c is t . A t S under land t wo F ood V esse ls , n ow l os t , s hared t he s a me c is t . One was a cco mpan ied b y a ma le c on tracted i nhu ma t ion wh i le t he o ther h e ld ac h i ld c re ma t ion . A lso a t D our H i l l ( Jobey G . 1 977 ) ab ow l h ad b een p laced i n t he c is t w i th a n i nhu ma t ion . Th is h ad b een d is turbed s ince f ra men ts o f t he b ow l were f ound o u ts ide t he c is t , a nd t h is d is turbance p robab ly t ook p lace a t t he t ime o f t he d epos i t ion o f as econd i n ter men t a cco mpan ied b y aN or thern Tr ipar t i te Vase. FOOD VESSEL URNS Mound De ta i ls a re k nown o f 2 5 o f t he 3 4 F ood V esse l Urns .

S ix teen c a me f ro m

c a irns o r b arrows , b arrows o u tnu mber ing c a irns b y e leven t o f ive . O f t he r e ma inder n one c an c er ta in ly b e s a id t o h ave h ad n o mound e xcep t f or t he t hree v esse ls f ro m t he R ock S he l ter c e meter ies .

N o more c an b e s a id o f

t he mounds t han h as a lready b een s a id i n r ela t ion t o t he F ood V esse ls e xcep t t ha t t he c a irn a t C ha t ton S andyford was p oss ib ly e n larged t o t ake t he F ood V esse l U rn d epos i t . Wi th r egard t o t he ir p os i t ions i n t he mounds , t here i s o n ly o ne e xa mple o f aF ood V esse l Urn f or m ing t he p r i mary i n ter men t , a nd t ha t i s a t C a tchers ide where v esse l N o . 8 6 c a me f ro m G reenwe l l CCX I I a nd h ad a C o l lared Urn i n as econdary p os i t ion . 2 9

A t C ha t ton S andyford t he p r i mary

i n ter men t was a cco mpan ied b y aB eaker , wh i le t here were a no ther t wo s econd ary B eakers a lso s tra t igraph ica l ly e ar l ier t han t he F ood V esse l Urn . A t R oseborough ( Greenwe l l CXCV I I ) t he p r i mary i n ter men t was a lso a B eaker wh i le t he s econdary F ood V esse l U rn h e ld a d oub le c re ma t ion . I NTER MENT Wi th r egard t o t he a c tua l me thod o f i n ter men t , t ha t i s i n ac is t , ac as ing o f s tones o r u npro tec ted , f ive c a me f ro m c is ts a nd f i ve ( i nc lud ing o ne u ncer ta in e xa mp le ) h ad a c as ing o f s tones .

O f t he c is t b ur ia ls t wo were a ssoc ia ted w i th

i nhuma tions , v essel N o . 8 9 . f ro m A lnwick a nd v esse l N o . 9 8 f ro m G rea t T osson . The r e main ing t hree a cco mpan ied c re ma t ions . Those p rotected b y ac as ing o f f la t u pr igh t s tones w i th a c over s lab were a l l , a s migh t h ave b een e xpec ted , a ssoc ia ted w i th c re ma t ions .

Af ur ther t we lve were a ssoc ia ted w i th

c re ma t ions b u t were e i ther u npro tec ted o r t he r epor ts a re l ack ing i n d etai l o n t he s ub jec t , b u t o n ly t he t wo men t ioned a bove were a ssoc ia ted w i th i nhu ma t ions e i ther u npro tec ted o r o therw ise . Two u ncer ta in b ur ia ls c o me f ro m H igh Bus ton , t he r epor t o n wh ich i s c on fus ing , h av ing b een p ubl ished b y a n i ndep enden t b ody a c ons iderable t ime a f ter t he a c tua l d iscovery . A sma l l " c is t" i s r ecorded , n ine i nches s quare , o n t op o f wh ich was p laced o ne v esse l , wh i le a no ther t hree were " p laced a round" t he c is t wh ich c on ta ined b ones b u t n o v esse l .

One o f t he v esse ls , p erhaps o f Yorksh ire Vase f or m , i s n ow l os t ,

b u t o ne F ood Vesse l , N o . 5 4 , a nd t wo F ood V esse l U rns , N os . 9 7 a nd 1 06 , h ave s urv ived .

The ir r e la t ion t o t h is c en tra l c is t i s n o t k nown , n or i s i t

k nown whe ther t hey were a ssoc ia ted w i th i t , a s s ee ms u n l ike ly .

A t R ose-

b orough , v esse l N o . 9 0 was i nver ted o n ac is t c over , b u t a ga in t he t wo were p robab ly n o t a ssoc ia ted .

Vesse l N o . 1 10 f ro m G oa tscrag a nd a l os t F ood

Vesse l Urn f ro m S ou th C har l ton were b o th p laced i n p i ts , t he F ood V essel Urn f ro m G oa tscrag b e ing i nver ted wh i le t he p os i t ion o f t he S ou th C har l ton Urn was n o t r ecorded . F ood Vessel Urn N o . 1 00 f ro m Wh ickha m i s t he o n ly o ne t ha t h as b een r epor ted a s h av ing b een f ound u pr igh t , s ince i th ad a c over s tone " over" t he mou th .

H owever , t he p oss ibi l i ty r e ma ins t ha t " over" may

b e u sed i n t he s ense o f " across" .

A l l t he o ther u rns i n t he c orpus , where

we h ave s uch i n for ma t ion , h ave b een f ound i nver ted , s ix e xa mp les h av ing a s tone c over ing t he mou th o f t he v esse l .

The F ood V esse l Urn N o . 1 10 f ro m

G oa tscrag was f ound t o h ave b een b roken a t t he t ime o f d epos i t ion .

A l os t

F ood V esse l Urn f ro m L ows tead F ar m was s a id t o " have h ad when d iscovered ac over much o rna men ted" ( A . C ., p . 1 1, N o . 1 3 ) wh ich may p oss ib ly mean a c up- marked s tone l ike t ha t f ound w i th F ood Vesse l U rn N o . 9 6 , f ro m C ha t ton S andy ford .

F ood V esse l U rn N o . 9 3 f ro m H as t ing H i l l r es ted o n ap repared

b ed o f g ravel . The i nvers ion o f t he F ood V esse l U rns o r t he ir c over ing w i th a c ap s tone may b e aC o l lared Urn r i te a dop ted b y t he F ood V esse l u sers ( see a bove u nder o r ig ins ) o r , i fi ti s a ccep ted t ha t t he F ood V esse l U rns a nd t he C o l lared U rns a re c on te mporary a nd s hou ld n o t b e s een a s h av ing i n f luenced o ne a no ther a s i s s ugges ted , t hen i tc an b e s een a s as i mp le a nd l og ica l means o f p rotec t ing t he c re ma t ion d epos its s o t ha t t hey were n ot u n in ten t iona l ly mixed w i th t he e ar th t ha t c overs t he m .

Wh ichever v iew i s a ccep ted , t h is b ur ia l p rac t ice

i s c o m mon t o b oth F ood V essel U rns a nd C o l lared U rns a nd i n t he C inerary Urn c orpus f ro m N or thumber land a nd Durha m ( f or t he Urn c orpus i n t abu la ted

3 0

f or m s ee G ibson 1 976 ) t we lve a re k nown t o h ave b een i nver ted wh i le f ive were f ound u pr igh t .

S ix w ere p rotec ted b y ac as ing o f s tone s labs a nd s even were

p laced i n ap i t o r h o l low i n t he n a tura l s ur face .

H owever , d e ta i ls o f t he d is-

c overy o f t he ma jor i ty o f t he C inerary U rns a re l ack ing . ROCK SHELTER CE METER IES B o th t he r ock s he l ter c e me ter ies a t G oa tscrag a nd a t E d l ingha m p roduced Meso li th ic a nd N eo l i th ic worked f l in ts , b u t i n n e i ther c ase was t here a ny a ssoc iat ion w i th t he F ood V essel Urns .

The e xcava tor o f G oa tscrag p oin ts

o u t t ha t " Preh is tor ic c ave a nd r ock s he l ter b ur ia ls o ccur w ide ly i n t he B r i t ish I s les , b u t where d a t ing i s p oss ib le t hey u sua l ly b e long t o t he N eo l i th ic , e spec ia l ly t he l a te N eo l i th ic .

C e me ter ies a s w e l l a s i so la ted b ur ia ls a re met w i th ,

b u t t he b ur ia l r i te i s a l mos t i nvar iab ly i nhu ma t ion" ( Burgess 1 972 ). C INERARY URNS Mound We h ave o n ly s can ty i n for ma t ion o n t he ma jor i ty o f t he C inerary U rns i n t he c orpus .

F or e xa mple , o n ly f our teen a re s a id t o h ave c o me f ro m c a irns

wh i le t wen ty c a me f ro m b arrows , a s d e f ined a bove .

S o me Urns c er ta in ly h ad

n o mound , s uch a s N o . 1 43 f ro m B arnard C as t le wh ich c a me f ro m t he r iver b ank a t Egg les tone .

Tha t s t i l l l eaves o ver h a l f t he c orpus w i th n o r ecord o f

e i ther t he p resence o r a bsence o f a mound .

I ts ee ms u n l ike ly t ha t s uch a

l arge p ropor t ion a re f ro m f la t g raves , a nd n o d oub t s o me a re f ro m p loughedo u t o r e roded mounds .

One U rn , N o . 1 25 f ro m H owick H eugh , c o mes f ro m

wha t was t hough t t o b e a n e nc losed c re ma t ion c e me tery wh ich t he e xcava tor p oin ted o u t h ad " a s uper f ic ia l r ese mb lence t o s o me Wessex C u l ture d isc b arrows ... where t he b ank l i es w i th in t he p er iphera l d i tch" ( Jobey G . a nd N ew man T . G . 1 975 ) .

Th is monu men t c ons is ted o f as l igh t , j us t o f f-cen tre ,

mound s urrounded b y as l igh t b ank a nd d i tch .

E xcava t ion s howed , h owever ,

t ha t t he o u ter b ank a nd d i tch w ere n o t a ssoc ia ted w i th t he i nner b arrow s ince b enea th t he b ank l ay p lough s o i l a nd a s herd e i ther o f I ron Age d a te o r o f n a t ive p o t tery o f t he R o man p er iod . De ta i ls o f t he r ela t ive p os i t ions o f t he C inerary U rns i n t he mounds a re o f ten n eg lec ted a nd f ew i ns tances a re r ecorded . O f t hose n o ted , t he ma jor i ty ( twen ty e xa mples ) s ee m t o b e s econdary wh i le s ix a re r ecorded a s p r i mary . These n umbers a re p robab ly t oo sma l l t o b e s ign i f ican t , a l though i tc ou ld b e a rgued t ha t t he d i f ference i s l arge e nough t o s ugges t t ha t s econdary i n ter men ts p robab ly o u tweigh p r i mary , a s s ee ms t o b e t he c ase i n t he r es t o f t he c oun try , a nd t ha t t he n or thern U rn u sers were c lear ly n o t a ga ins t r e-us ing e x is t ing mounds . I n ter men t As i s t o b e e xpec ted w i th t he C inerary U rns , c re ma t ion i s b y f ar t he mos t c o m mon mode o f i n ter men t a nd i s r ecorded i n 4 9 c ases . Aga in , t hose w i thou t men t ion o f ab ur ia l a re p robab ly p oor ly r ecorded , e xcep t i n af ew c ases , a nd i t may b e t ha t t he o lder a n t iquar ies e xpec ted a n U rn t o imp ly a c re ma t ion . S o me , h owever , a re d e f in i tely r ecorded a s b eing w i thou t a ny a cco mpanying b ur ia l , s uch a s al os t c inerary U rn f ro m R oseborough , b u t i t s ee ms t o b e a 3 1

c asua l f ind i n t he ma ter ia l o f t he mound .

Two U rns a re r ecorded w i th i n-

h u ma t ions wh ich may p rov ide y e t a no ther e xa mple o f t he mix ing q f b ur ia l t rad i t ions a pparen t a lready f ro m t he F ood V esse ls a nd F ood Vessel U rns .

One

o f t hese U rns , t ha t f ro m F u lwe l l , i s e spec ia l ly i n teres t ing i n t ha t t he s ke le ton a nd t he U rn were b oth c overed b y af la t s tone a nd b y al ayer o f l impe t s he l ls . Th is i s u npara l le led i n t he a rea a nd p oss ib ly h ad s o me r i tua l s ign i f icance , n ow u n for tuna te ly l os t . The n or ma l me thod o f d epos i t ion was f or t he U rn t o h o ld t he a shes o f t he c re ma t ion a nd t hen t o b e p laced e i ther u pr igh t o r i nver ted i n t he ma ter ia l o f t he mound .

I n t he c orpus , t we lve a re r ecorded a s i nver ted a nd f ive a s u pr igh t .

The mou ths a re o f ten c losed b y af la t s tone , r ecorded i n f our teen c ases , whe ther u pr igh t o r i nver ted , a nd i n o ne c ase , a n U rn f ro m B roo mh i l l , t he mou th was s ea led w i th a c lay p lug .

O ther e xa mp les may h ave h ad a p er ishable

c over ing s uch a s l ea ther o r c lo th wh ich h as n o t s urv ived .

S o me Urns were

c lear ly i nver ted b e fore t he c re ma t ions were i nser ted , s uch a s a n U rn f ro m Yeaver ing wh ich h ad t he b ase b roken f or t he i nser t ion o f t he a shes . The U rns t he mselves were o f ten p ro tec ted .

S ix e xa mples a re r ecorded

w i th a s tone c ase a round t he m t o p ro tec t t he m a ga ins t e ar th p ressure .

I n

s even o ther r ecorded c ases t he v esse l was p laced i n ap i t t ha t was d ug i n to t he s ub-soi l a nd p er for med t he s a me p urpose a s t he s tone c ase .

I n a mound

o n E ta 1 1 Moor o pened b y C anon G reenwe l l , f our U rns s hared t he s a me p i t , o ne b e ing emp ty a nd t he r es t c on ta in ing c re ma t ions .

F ive e xa mp les a re

r ecorded a s h av ing c o me f ro m c is ts , among t he m t hree f ro m Tuns ta l l H i l l t ha t s hared t he s a me c is t .

Th is a ga in s ee ms t o s how a mix ing o f b ur ia l c us-

t o ms , u n less a c as ing o f s tones s e t a round t he U rn was c ons idered a c is t b y t he e xcava tors . o ne :

I n t hree r ecorded c ases a l arger U rn p ro tec ted a sma l ler

a t B roo mr idge , H o lys tone C o m mon a nd S tonebr idge c re ma t ions were

c on ta ined i n aC inerary U rn wh ich h as t hen b een p laced i ns ide a s econd Urn . The B roo mr idge U rns were f ur ther p ro tec ted b y b eing p laced i n ac lay-lined h ol low . The s ex o f t he i n ter men ts i s v ery r are ly r epor ted , a s i s p erhaps t o b e e xpec ted . I n s evera l c ases " adu l t c re ma t ion" i s r ecorded , a nd " young p erson" a nd " ch i ld" e ach o ccur t w ice . i n o ne U rn .

A t K irkh i l l t here were t hree a du l ts a nd a c h i ld

A t F ord C o m mon , h owever , af e ma le c re ma t ion was c on ta ined

i n t he U rn a nd a t H ow ick H eugh t he U rn a cco mpan ied , b u t d id n o t c on ta in , a c re ma t ion d epos i t o f a wo man o ver 2 1 y ears o f a ge a nd a n i n fan t o f 1o r 2 y ears , p resu mab ly h er c h i ld . A l l t he i den t i f iab le e xa mp les , t here fore , a re f e ma le b ur ia ls b u t we k now t oo l i t t le o f t he c orpus a s a who le t o s ugges t t ha t Urned C re ma t ion was r eserved f or wo men a nd c h i ldren , a nd i ndeed t h is s ee ms v ery u n l ike ly . I tc an b e s een , t here fore , t ha t t he b ur ia l r i tes a ssocia ted w i th t he s epu lc hra l v esse ls i n t he c orpus h ave a l ong N eo l i th ic a nces try , a nd , l i ke t he f or m a nd d ecora t ion o f t he v esse ls , n eed n o t o we a nyth ing t o Beaker i n f luence . The mode o f b ur ia l f ound w i th t he F ood V esse l Urns c on f ir ms t heir c lose c onn ec t ion w i th t he C inerary U rns a nd i ndeed i ti s o n ly t he f or m o f t he t wo Urn t ypes t ha t d i f fers .

I tt here fore s ee ms p oss ible t ha t n a t ive r i tes h ad a g rea ter

i n f luence t han t he B eaker f o lk o n t he b ur ia l r i tes a ssoc ia ted w i th t he p ot tery u nder c ons idera t ion , b u t i n t he a bsence o f an a t iona l c orpus t h is c anno t b e

3 2

s aid t o b e a ny more t han a l oca l t ra i t .

I td oes , h owever , s ee m t o e x tend t o

t he F ood Vessels i n s ou th-wes t S cot land a nd t he P eak D is tr ict , a nd t o t he F ood V essel Urns o f n or thern a nd s ou thern Eng land ( S i mpson D . D . A . 1 965 ; Manby T . G . 1 959 ;

C owie T . G . 1 975 ;

M. N . 1 955 ).

3 3

Smed ley a nd Owles 1 963 ;

S avory

S ECTION I V ASSOC IATIONS AND CHRONOLOGY

The q ues t ion o f t he d a te o f F ood Vessels h as a lready b een d ea l t w i th b y S i mpson o n an a t iona l b as is ( S i mpson 1 968 ) , w i th r e ference b eing made t here t o t he r e levan t v esse ls f ro m t he a rea w i th wh ich t he p resen t monograph i s c oncerned .

T o a void a s i mple r e i tera t ion o f S i mpson 's work , t here fore , t he

c orpus w i l l b e d ea l t w i th i n i so la t ion t o s ee whe ther t he p ot tery c an b e d a ted o n i t s own c harac ter is t ics . U se fu l e v idence i s s can ty i n N or thumber land a nd Durha m d ue t o t he sma l l n u mber o f s c ien t i f ica l ly c onduc ted e xcava t ion , a nd C -14 d a tes a re r are. S i mpson p oin ts o u t ( S i mpson 1 968 ) t ha t t he t rad i t iona l s equence o f B eaker — F ood V esse l — Urn h as l ong b een r e jec ted a nd t ha t t he t hree t ypes e x is ted a t l eas t p ar t ly c on te mporaneous ly , b u t i t s hou ld b e n o ted t ha t n o F ood V essel h as y e t b een r ecorded a s s tra t igraph ica l ly e ar l ier t han a B eaker i n a mound , a nd a s im i lar s i tua t ion e x is ts b e tween U rns a nd F ood V esse ls .

At yp ica l

s tra t igraph ic s equence may b e s een a t H as t ing H i l l where t he p r i mary i nhuma t ion was a cco mpan ied b y ad egenera te B eaker w i th s econdary F ood V essel b ur ia ls , wh i le u rns o ccupied p erhaps s t i l l l a ter p os i t ions . A l though p r i mary a nd s econdary p os i t ions d o i nd ica te o rder o f d epos i t ion , t he p er iod o f t ime b e tween e ach n eed n o t b e a t a l l g rea t , s o t ha t t he B eaker — F ood Vesse l — U rn s equence may h ave a g rea ter s oc iolog ica l t han c hrono log ica l s ign i f icance . Amongs t t he a ssocia ted o b jec ts , t he s carc i ty o f f ir m ly d a table a r ti fac ts i s a t o nce a pparen t .

P er ishab le o b jects were p robably d epos i ted w i th t he

d ead , a s i s s hown b y t he t races o f l ea ther f ound i n ac is t a t D odd ing ton , a nd i th as l ong b een r ea l ised t ha t wooden v esse ls , p oss ibly s im i lar t o t hose f ro m t he Wi ls ford S ha f t ( Ashbee 1 963 ) may a lso h ave a cco mpan ied b ur ia ls .

S uch

a ssoc ia t ions a re h ypo thet ical , h owever , i n t he n or th-eas t o f Eng land , a nd c on tr ibu te l i t t le t o t he d e ter m ina t ion o f c hrono logy .

The s a me i s t rue o f

t he f our th mo lar o f as heep a nd t he o x mo lar a ssocia ted w i th v esse ls N os . 8 3 a nd 2 1 f ro m H as t ing H i l l .

These were n o d oub t c har ms a ssocia ted w i th t he

b ur ia l r i te , b u t t he ir s ign i f icance i s n ow l os t . The mos t c o m mon a ssoc ia ted o b jec t i n N or thumber land a nd Durha m i s a s econd v esse l .

Aga in , h owever , b ecause o f t he e ar ly d a te o f many o f t he

e xcava t ions a nd t he f ac t t ha t many a re c hance f inds , t here a re f ew e xa mp les wh ich c an b e s a id t o b e f ro m s ea led c on tex ts .

F or e xa mple , v esse l N o . 4 2

f ro m H azon h ad o bv ious ly b een d is turbed b ecause i t was a ssocia ted w i th a modern s pur a ccord ing t o t he r epor t . v esse l wh ich may h ave b een a l i d .

I t was a lso a ssocia ted w i th a s econd

S uch l i ds a re k nown t o h ave b een f ound

w i th F ood V essels i n r are c ases s uch a s a t P o t ter B ra mp ton Wo ld ( Greenwel l 1 877 , p . 9 0 , f ig . 7 7 ) , b u t t he e x tre me r ar i ty o f t hese o b jec ts makes t he s ugg es t ion t ha t t he o b jec t f ro m H azon was i n f ac t p ar t o f as econd v esse l t he more p laus ib le e xp lana t ion i n t he o p in ion o f t he p resen t a u thor . 3 4

V essel N o . 8 4 f ro m

S ou th C har l ton i s a lso s a id t o h ave b een f ound w i th a s econd v esse l , b u t t he r epor t i s g rea t ly l ack ing i n d e ta i l , a l though i td oes s ee m t ha t b o th v esse ls were p ro tec ted b y ac as ing o f s tones a nd s hared t he s a me p i t .

Again t he

q ues t ion i s r a ised a s t o whe ther o r n o t t hey f or med p ar t o f t he s a me d epos i t . The v esse l f ro m G reenv i l le , N o . 3 8 , was a lso f ound w i th a s econd v esse l b u t a ga in we d o n o t k now whe ther t o r egard t h is a s a n a ssoc ia t ion i n t he s tr ic t s ense o f t he word .

The s econd v esse l i s d escr ibed a s " l ike t he f irs t b u t

l arger" s o we may a ssu me t ha t i tt oo was o f Yorksh ire Vase f or m , b u t i t wou ld b e r ash t o s ugges t t ha t " larger" mean t t ha t i t was a F ood V essel Urn . A t G lan ton n o th ing i s k nown o f t he f ind s ave t ha t t here were t hree c is ts e ach o f wh ich c on ta ined t wo v esse ls .

A t D our H i l l , h owever , e xcava t ion b y modern

s tandards s howed t ha t ab ow l a nd a N or thern t r ipar t i te F ood V esse l s hared t he s a me c is t , b u t h ere t here was c lear e v idence o f i n trus ion a s p ar ts o f t he b ow l w ere f ound o u ts ide t he c is t , d isp laced a t t he t ime o f t he s econdary d epos i t , a nd t here were t races o f t wo s ke le tons i n t he c is t , o ne l y ing a bove t he o ther ( Jobey 1 977 ) . A F ood V esse l o f u nknown f or m f ro m H as t ing H i l l was a ssoc ia ted w i th a s herd f ro m a n i ncense c up o f av ery f ine f abr ic ( f ig . I V-1A ) , a nd t he Yorksh ire Vase f ro m Mur ton F ar m , N o . 3 4 , was a lso a ssoc ia ted w i th a s i mp le b ipar t i te v ase-shaped p ig my v essel ( f ig . I V .1B ).

I ft h is a ssoc ia t ion i s s tr ic t , t hen i t

s hows t ha t t here i s n o c hrono log ica l d i f ference b e tween Yorksh ire Vases a nd s i mp le v ases o f b ipart i te f or m , o r a t t he v ery l eas t t here i s ac hrono log ica l o ver lap . F ood V esse ls N os . 2 2 a nd 5 5 , f ro m C a theugh F ar m n ear B arras ford , a re b o th r ecorded a s h av ing c o me f ro m t he s a me c is t i n 1 822 , b u t l i t t le more i n for ma t ion i s a va i lab le a nd a ga in t hey n eed n o t b e i n s tr ic t a ssocia t ion .

I f

we a ssu me f or t he s ake o f a rgu men t t ha t t he a ssocia t ion i s v a l id , t hen we h ave e v idence f or t he c on te mporane i ty i n t he n or th-eas t o f s i mp le b ipar t i te v ases a nd b ipar t i te v ases w i th s hou lder g rooves , a nd t h is c an b e l inked t o t he Y orks h ire Vase s er ies v ia t he Mur ton F ar m e xa mple men t ioned a bove .

A t L ong-

r idge Towers n ear B erw ick a b ipar t i te v esse l a nd a b ow l were b o th f ound i n t he s a me c is t .

I ft h is a ssoc ia t ion i s a lso v a l id t hen t he c on te mporane i ty o f

t he b ipar t i te v ases c an b e e x tended t o b ow ls .

The b ow l , h owever , h as a

v ery a sy m me tr ic f ro m a nd c ou ld p oss ib ly b e s een a s ad egenera te b ipar t i te v ase o r e ven a d egenera te B eaker , a s h as a lready b een o bserved b y Mr . G . J obey . I ft h is i s t he c ase , t hen t he f ind p ara l le led b y t ha t a t L esbury , where v esse l N o . 4 was a ssoc ia ted w i th a s hor t-necked B eaker ( Ta i t 1 965 , N o . 6 3 ) . Mr . J . T ai t h e ld t he o p in ion t ha t t hese s hor t-necked B eakers a re c on te mporary i n t he n or th w i th h is " Be l l B eaker d er iva t ives" , a nd i n a bsolu te t er ms h e p laced t he m a s p os t c . 1 850 B . C . Two a ssocia t ions , w i th F ood V esse l Urns N os . 9 0 a nd 9 9 , c an a lso b e d isp ensed w i th a s t hey c on tr ibu te n o th ing t owards t he d e ter m ina t ion o f d a te . B o th were a ssocia ted w i th s quar ish f l in t f lakes s how ing t races o f work ing o n o ne o r b o th s ides .

T he e xa mp le f ro m Ov ingha m i s c er ta in ly a s craper a s i t

s hows e v idence o f work ing o ne s ide o n ly , b u t t he f l in t f ro m R oseborough h as u n for tuna tely b een l os t .

S uch f l akes h ave a l ong e x is tence i n p re-h is tory a nd

a re o f n o v a lue f or c hrono log ica l p urposes u n t i l more work i s d one o n B ronze Age f l in ts .

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F IG I V : 1

S econd v esse ls a re r ecorded w i th e igh t o f t he C inerary U rns i n t he c orpus . One f ro m B erw ick u pon Tweed , o r Mur ton , C o . Durha m ( t he r epor t d oes n o t s ta te wh ich ) , i s a n i ncense c up o f b icon ica l f or m , a s i s o ne f ro m Mora lee Far m wh ich i s d ecora ted c o mp le te ly w i th impress ions made w i th a q u i l l o r h o l low r eed . The i ncense c up f ro m L i lburn H i l l i s v ase-shaped a nd d ecorated w i th v er t ica l l ines o f f inger n a i l impress ions . The E ta l Moor i ncense c up i s i l lus tra ted i n G reenwel l , F ig . 1 55 , b u t i s an ondescr ip t g lobu lar v esse l f or med f ro m a sma l l b a l l o f c lay .

A " second v essel" a nd a " s ma l l v esse l" a re r e-

c orded i n a ssoc ia t ion w i th t he Urns f ro m F u lwe l l a nd R ye H i l l r espec t ive ly b u t n o f ur ther d escr ip t ion i s g iven . A t B roo mr idge a F ood Vessel a nd a c re ma t ion were f ound b enea th a C o l lared Urn , b u t t he F ood V esse l i s o f a n u nusua l t ype , a nd c an b e s een a s ac ross b e tween a b ipar t i te v ase a nd a t r ipar t i te c o l lared u rn .

The s ize a nd

d ecora tion s ugges t F ood Vesse l a f f in i t ies wh i le t he b as ic f or m i s aC o l lared Urn , s o t h is v esse l i s a n e xce l len t e xa mp le t o s how t ha t n o r ea l d is t inc t ive l ines c an b e s hown b e tween t he p o t tery t ypes , b u t i ns tead t hey merge i n to o ne a no ther f or m ing i nde ter m ina te f or ms b e tween c lass ic t ypes .

Th is v essel

c o mbines n o t o n ly p hys ica l c harac ter is t ics o f Urns a nd F ood V esse ls , b u t a lso f unc t iona l o nes , i n t ha t i ti s b o th a c re ma t ion c on ta iner a nd a n a ccessory v esse l .

Th is c lear ly s hows t ha t t he t wo t ypes o f b ur ia l were i n u se s i mu l-

t aneous ly . Ab ipar t i te F ood V esse l f ro m G rea t T osson was a ssocia ted w i th a " V"p er forated c on ica l j e t b u tton ( f ig . I V .2 ) .

Ash ton ( Ash ton 1 972 ) p oin ts o u t t ha t

t hese b u t tons a re o f ten f ound s ing ly o r i n p a irs i n t he n or th o f Eng land , a nd i n s o me c ases a re c o mponen ts o f n eck laces c ons is t ing o f d i f feren t ly s haped b eads . They a re s im i lar t o t hose o f amber f ound i n Wessex Ig raves a nd s o a re p rob ably c on te mporary w i th t ha t c u l ture , j e t b e ing a s ubs t i tu te f or amber i n t he n or th . T hese b u t tons a lso o ccur f requen t ly w i th B eakers a nd a lso w i th C inerary U rns , b u t i n t he t wo c ases f ro m t he n or th t he Urns a nd t he b u t tons c anno t b e s a id t o b e s tr ic t ly a ssocia ted .

I n t he n or th , t he a ssocia t ion w i th

B eakers i s ma in ly w i th N or th B r i t ish B eakers a ccord ing t o C larke 's c lass if ica t ion ( C larke 1 970 ) wh ich b eg in a round 1 800 B .C . ( C larke 1 970 , V o l . I , f ig . X IV ) , a nd B eakers a t C ha t ton S andy ford ( Jobey , 1 968 ) a ssoc ia ted w i th s uch a b u t ton y ie lded a d a te o f 1 650 + 5 0 b .c .

F or t he meta l a ssocia t ions

w i th s uch b u t tons , A sh ton l i s ts ( Ash ton 1 972 ) o ne aw l , s even d aggers a nd o ne f la t a xe .

A t G ar ton S lack ( Ash ton 9 2 .c i t . )a " V"-per fora ted j e t b u t ton was

a ssoc ia ted w i th f our b ronze b eads a nd a s im i lar b u t ton was a ssocia ted w i th as tone a xe h a m mer f ro m t he s a me a rea ( Mor t i mer 1 905 , p . 2 10 , f ig . 5 13 ) . These b u t tons , t here fore , s ee m t o b e long t o t he E ar ly B ronze Age b u t p rob ab ly b eg in i n t he N eo li th ic a s o ne a t C a la is Wo ld was a ssocia ted w i th a l ea f-shaped a rrowhead ( Mor t i mer 1 905 , p . 6 4 ) . Aj e t n eck lace was f ound w i th v essel N o . 7 6 , f ro m K y loe , wh ich s ugges ts t ha t t h is was a f e ma le b ur ia l a s C a l lander ( Ca l lander 1 915 ) p o in ts o u t t ha t s uch j ewe l lery n or ma l ly a cco mpan ies t ha t s ex .

These n eck laces , c ons is t ing

o f c yl indr ica l b eads w i th s pacer b eads ( f ig . I V .2 ) , a re t hough t t o h ave t he ir o r ig ins i n t he amber N eo li th ic n eck laces w i th s pacer b eads f ro m Den mark wh ich c ons is ted o f f ive s tr ings o f b eads ( Crow 1 928 ) .

A s im i lar amber n eck-

l ace was f ound i n Wi l tsh ire a nd i n t h is c ase t he amber , i fn o t t he f in ished a r t icle , c a me f ro m t he B a l t ic .

As was t he c ase w i th t he " V"-per fora ted 3 7

G rea t T osson

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H igh C ock law

S imons ide J e t A ssoc iat ions

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c on ica l b u t tons , j e t was p robab ly u sed i ns tead o f a nt her i n t he n or th where i t i s more c o m mon , b u t t he b eads a re p robab ly s t i l l c on te mporary w i th t hose o f amber f ro m Wessex c on tex ts .

They s ee m t o h ave a l ong l i fe , h owever , a s a t

S a lo m F en i n C a mbr idgesh ire ( Fox 1 923 ) o ne was f ound w i th " a s ocke t ted c h ise ll ike a xe o f l a te t ype" , t hough F ox d oub ted t ha t t he a ssoc ia t ion was v a l id . I n a n e ar l ier c on tex t , j e t s pacer b eads were f ound a t Mel for t i n Argyl l w i th t wo b ronze a rm le ts . These a rm le ts a re d ecora ted w i th t hree b ands e ach c ons is t ing o f t hree p ara l le l l ines , o ne g roup a t e ach o pen ing a nd o ne i n t he c en tre , a nd t he i n terven ing s paces a re f i l led w i th embossed l ozenges .

They

a re t here fore s im i lar t o , a nd p robab ly c on te mporary w i th , o ne f ound a t Migd a le w i th a n e ar ly f la t a xe a nd " V"-per fora ted b u t tons .

I n N or thu mber land

aj e t n eck lace was f ound i n aN eo l i th ic c on tex t r ound t he n eck o f ap o t tery v esse l f ro m C rookha m D ene , F ord , wh ich L ongwor th ( Longwor th 1 969 ) h as s ugges ted was o ne o f t he f ive N eo l i th ic s herds f ro m F ord i l lus tra ted a bove . Th is i s u n for tuna te ly n ow l os t . These j e t s pacer b eads a re n or ma l ly c ons idered t o b e aS co t t ish Bronze Age p heno menon s ince mos t c o me f ro m t ha t a rea a nd s o i ti s i n teres t ing t o n ote t ha t as econd e xa mp le a ssocia ted w i th a Food V esse l c o mes f ro m N or thumber land n or th o f t he Tweed , a t H igh C ock law , N o . 2 8 ( f ig . I V .2 ) , t ha t v esse l N o . 7 6 f ro m K yloe i s i n f ac t a n H ibernoS co t t ish B ow l , a nd t ha t at h ird s pacer b ead c o mes f ro m S i monburn , N or thu mberl and l ( f ig . I V .2 ) , b u t t h is l as t h ad n o a ssoc ia ted o b jec ts . t hree c y l indr ica l a nd

i n , 5 /8 i n a nd

F our j et b eads ,

i n l ong , a nd o ne c on ica l b ead r ese mbl ing

aj e t b u t ton were r epor ted a s h av ing b een f ound w i th a C inerary Urn f ro m Ford C o m mon , a nd i ti s p oss ible t ha t t h is r epresen ts a no ther j e t n eck lace t hough n ot n ecessar i ly s uch a n e labora te o r c o mp le te o ne. The f l in t a ssoc ia t ions h ave s u f fered g rea t ly w i th t he y ears , s ince o f t he s even teen r ecorded a ssocia t ions , f our teen n ow a ppear t o b e l os t .

The f l in t

k n i fe r epor ted w i th v esse l N o . 3f ro m P lessay M i l l may n o t h ave b een a ssoc ia ted w i th t h is p ar t icu lar v esse l a s t wo o thers were f ound a t t he s a me t i me . The k n i fe may p oss ibly h ave b een a s quar ish f lake o r o f t he p lano-convex t ype wh ich i s o f ten f ound w i th U rns ( C larke J . G . D . 1 932 ) b u t n o t w i th B eakers o r N eo li th ic p o t tery , wh ich s ugges ts t ha t t hey a re p robably a n a t ive d eve lop men t o f E ar ly B ronze Age d a te .

S uch a k n i fe was f ound w i th t he F ood V esse l f ro m

H igh C ock law , N o . 2 8 . S im i lar ly a n u n f in ished a rrowhead i s r epor ted a s h av ing b een f ound w i th t he F ood V esse l b ow l f ro m B ean ley Wes t F ar m , N o . 7 4 , b u t t h is a ga in i s l os t a nd i t s t ype i s u nknown .

The s a me f a te h as b e fa l len t he f l in t k n i fe a nd

f lake f ro m Dodd ing ton , a nd t he f l in t k n i fe o r s craper f ro m B ir t ley.

The

" arrowheads a nd o ther o b jec ts" a ssoc ia ted w i th t he v esse l f ro m H ow Ta l lon , N o . 3 3 , a re s l igh t ly more i n for ma t ive f ro m o ur p oin t o f v iew a s t he a rrowh ead ( t he o n ly o ne s een b y t he wr i ter ) i s o f b arbed a nd t anged v ar ie ty , n orma l ly t hough t t o b e aB eaker i n troduc t ion , a nd s o t h is may r e in force t he p oss ibi l i ty t ha t t he H ow Ta l lon s herds d o i n f ac t r epresen t aB eaker .

A

f l in t k n i fe 3 i n l ong a nd 1 .5 i n w ide i s s a id t o h ave b een f ound w i th t he C iner ary U rn f ro m S i mons ide , b u t t h is t oo i s l os t a nd n o f ur ther d escr ip t ion o r d rawing s urv ives . F ood Vessel N o . 6 5 f ro m H as t ing H i l l was a ssoc ia ted w i th a f l in t s aw a nd f lake wh ich n ow a ppear t o b e l os t b u t a re i l lus tra ted i n t he r epor t o f t he f ind . The f lake a ppears t o b e as craper wh i le t he s aw i s a sma l l e longa ted f l in t 3 9

Ca

e n b . C D 1

w i th a r idge r unn ing d own t he b ack a nd a s erra ted e dge .

Th is h owever d oes

n o t h e lp u s t o d ate t he v esse l . F l in ts a re a lso a ssoc ia ted w i th t he C inerary U rns b u t a ga in t he ir n a ture i s s uch a s t o d e fy c lose d a t ing , a t l eas t u n t i l more work i s c arr ied o u t o n t he l a te N eo l i th ic a nd E ar ly Bronze Age f l in t i ndus tires a nd f or ms .

F l in t f lakes

a re r epor ted , b u t a re n ow l os t , f ro m Broo mh i ll a nd F ord C o m mon , s even s crapers a re r epor ted f ro m R ye H i l l b u t c ou ld n o t b e t raced b y t he wr i ter , a nd t wo n on-descr ip t c a lc ined f l in ts were f ound i n t he U rn f ro m K irkh i l l a nd a re i l lus tra ted i n t he r epor t . V esse l N o . 5 6 , f ro m H augh H ead , h owever , was a ssoc ia ted w i th s ix f l in ts ( f ig . I V .3 A ) o f wh ich f our a re n o t r ecogn isable a s h av ing f or med p ar ts o f a ny imp le men t wh i le o ne i s as ing le b arbed a rrowhead a nd a no ther a s pearhead . The s pearhead i s s im i lar t o t ha t f ro m L i t t le Dr i f f ie ld , Yorksh ire ( Mor t i mer 1 905 , f ig . J 13 ) ( f ig . I V .3C ) , wh ich was a lso a ssocia ted w i th a F ood V esse l , a nd t o o ne f ro m F ord ( f ig . I V .3 B ) f ound w i th a c re ma t ion ( Greenwe l l 1 877 , f ig . 1 57) p oss ibly o f N eol i th ic d a te , t hough t h is e xa mp le i s o f ar a ther more r egu lar f or m .

The a rrowhead i s r a ther more i n teres t ing .

I ti s at ype " F"

p e t i t t ranche t d er iva t ive a ccord ing t o C larke 's c lassi f ica t ion ( C larke J . G . D . 1 934 ).

C larke s ees t h is t ype o f a rrowhead a s d eve loping f ro m t he Meso l i th ic

p e ti t t ranche t a rrowhead .

The H augh H ead s pec i men i s v ery s im i lar t o t ha t

f ro m p os t-ho le E 17 a t Woodhenge ( C larke J . D . G . 1 934 , f ig . 1 0 , N o . 3 7 ) , wh ich i s aG rooved Ware s i te .

C larke s hows t ha t t hree s uch a rrowheads

h ave c o me f ro m G rooved Ware s i tes wh i le o ne h as c o me f ro m a P eterborough — B eaker s i te ( t he h yphen b eing u sed t o s how t ha t b o th t ypes o f p o t tery were f ound t here ).

Th is t here fore s ugges ts t ha t t he H augh H ead a rrowhead c an b e

d a ted t ypo log ica l ly t o t he f ina l N eo l i th ic b u t t he t ype p oss ibly c on t inues i n to t he Midd le B ronze Age . F ood Vesse l N o . 6 6 , f ro m C o lwe l l , was f ound t o c on ta in a sma ll r ound p iece o f s ands tone . Th is may h ave b een a p o t-bo i ler a l though i td oes n o t a ppear t o b e h ea t c razed , a nd t hough i tc anno t p rov ide c hrono log ica l i n for mat ion i ti s wor th n o t ing t ha t a t Ardeer i n A yrsh ire ( McLe l lan Mann L . B . I . 1 905 ) p ebbles were f ound i n C inerary U rns .

Mos t o f t he s ix teen u rns f ound ,

a l l o f wh ich were b ucke t-shaped , c on ta ined a t l eas t o ne p ebb le wh i le Urn N o . 4c on ta ined n o l ess t han f i f teen .

They were a lso a ssocia ted w i th g o ld l ea f

a nd f a ience b eads o f s tar a nd s eg men ted t ypes .

S ince , h owever , t he p ebble

f ro m C o lwe l l i s o f s ands tone a nd t hose f ro m Ardeer a re q uar tz , t h is p ara l le l may n o t b e v a l id . B one p ins a re r ecorded w i th t hree C inerary Urns , f ro m B roo mh i l l , E ta l Moor a nd R oseborough , a nd i n t he l as t t wo c ases t he p ins a re r epor ted t o h ave b een c a lc ined , i nd ica t ing c re ma t ion w i th t he b ody , p erhaps a s d ress f as teners . They , l i ke mos t o f t he a ssoc ia t ions , a re l ong l i ved a r t i facts . Fro m Amb le Quarry , w i th t he Yorksh ire V ase N o . 6 9 , t here c a me a n impor tan t f ind a s r egards c hrono logy : 4 ).

at hree r ive t ted b ronze k n i fe ( f ig . I V .

Th is h as b een much worn away b y s harpen ing a nd u se , b u t i ti s o f p lain

f or m a nd c an b e p ara l le led w i th t he o n ly o ther F ood V esse l-bronze d agger a ssoc iat ion , t ha t a t K i l maho i n Argyl l ( S i mpson 1 968 ) , wh ich , h owever , h as o n ly t wo r ive ts .

S i mpson p oin ts o u t t ha t t hese sma l l k n ives h ave a l ong l i fe

a nd a ppear i n f e ma le g raves o f Wessex Ia nd I a s we l l a s o n t he C on t inen t . 4 1

4 2

Bronze f inds a re a lso r ecorded w i th t wo C inerary Urns , f ro m E ta l Moor a nd f ro m K irkh i l l , t he l a t ter b eing o n ly a g reen s ta in o n s o me o f t he c re ma ted b ones .

The a r t i fac t a t E ta l Moor was much d ecayed a nd n ow a ppears t o b e

l os t , b u t i ts ee ms t o h ave b een a sma l l aw l o f t he t ype c o m mon i n t he v ery E ar ly B ronze Age .

A g reen s ta in o n s o me o f t he b ones f ro m t he C o l lared

Urn c re ma t ion a t K irkh i l l , v esse l N o . 1 38 , s hows t ha t h ere t oo a sma l l c opper a l loy a r t i fac t , p oss ib ly a n awl , h ad b een i n terred w i th t he c re ma ted r e ma ins . A r ad iocarbon d e ter m ina t ion f ro m t h is c re ma t ion h as g iven a d a te o f 1 292 + 9 0 b .c . ( SRR-133 ) , wh ich s ee ms u nusua l ly l a te . The a ssoc ia t ions w i th t he F ood V esse l U rns a re n o more n u merous i n p rop or t ion t o t he s ize o f t he c orpus t han t hey a re w i th t he F ood V essels a nd C inerary Urns .

Vesse l N o . 9 8 f ro m G rea t T osson may h ave b een a ssocia ted

w i th a " V"-per fora ted j e t b u t ton , a l though t h is may b e t he s a me o ne a s i s men t ioned a bove .

An a n t ler i s a lso r epor ted a s h av ing b een f ound w i th t h is

v esse l , p oss ib ly a n a n t ler " p ick" , b u t s uch a r t i fac ts a re l ong l i ved .

The p os-

s ible F ood V esse l Urn f ro m B ew ick Moor , r epresen ted o n ly b y ar im s herd , was f ound w i th a f l in t k ni fe s a id t o h ave b een l ong b y 13 /8 i n w ide a nd w i th r ounded c orners .

Th is k n i fe was mos t p robab ly o f t he p lano-convex t ype

wh ich i s c harac ter ised b y i t s o blong o va l s hape a nd b y p ressure o r s ca le f lak ing o n t he u pper o r c onvex s ur face , wh i le t he u ndernea th r e ta ins t he f lake s ur face , o f ten w i th t he b u lb o f p ercuss ion a nd t he s tr ik ing p la t for m s t i l l i n tac t . Mor t i mer f ound s uch a k n i fe w i th a b ronze r ive t ted d agger a nd a s tone p erf ora ted h a m mer a t T ow thorpe ( Mor t i mer 1 905 , f ig . 1 0 ) , s o a n E ar ly t o M idd le Bronze Age d a te s hou ld b e a pp l icab le t o t he m .

C larke a lso n o tes t ha t t hey

h ave b een f ound w i th t he F ood V esse l s tyle o f p o t tery i n 2 3 c ases 2 a nd w i th c inerary U rns i n f our c ases , a nd t h is c an b e s een a s e v idence f or t he n a t ive d evelop men t o f t he p iano-convex k ni fe a nd a s p oss ib ly r e f lec t ing a s im i lar d evelop men t o f t he p o t tery , a s h as b een s ugges ted .

I ti s n o t c er ta in , h owever ,

t ha t t h is r im s herd i s t he a c tua l f ragmen t men t ioned b y G reenwe l l i n h is r epor t o f t he f ind , a nd i tc ou ld p oss ib ly b e o f N eo l i th ic t ype . Wi th t he F ood V esse l Urn N o . 9 6 , f ro m C ha t ton S andy ford , ac up- marked s tone was f ound ( f ig . I V .4 ) . These a re n or ma l ly c ons idered t o d a te f ro m t he E ar ly B ronze Age b u t t h is i s b ecause o f t he ir f requen t a ssoc ia t ion w i th E ar ly Bronze Age b ur ia ls , s o t he u se o f t h is e v idence wou ld r esu l t i n ac ircu lar a rgu men t .

The F ood V esse l U rn f ro m S pind les tone , N o . 9 5 , i s , l i ke t he

B ew ick Moor s herd , p oss ibly o f N eo l i th ic d a te , t hough h ere t he i den ti f ica t ion i s more c er ta in , a nd i t was i n t rue Urn t rad i t ion a ssocia ted w i th a p igmy v esse l o r i ncense c up ( f ig . I V .5 , N o . 2 ) . C ow ie ( Cow ie 1 975 ) , d ea l ing w i th a l arger c orpus o f F ood V esse l Urns , e ncoun tered t he s a me g enera l s carci ty o f c lose ly d a table a ssoc ia t ions b u t h e d id h ave e v idence f or t he c on te mporane i ty o f F ood V esse ls a nd F ood Vesse l Urns a s t he t wo t ypes were a ssoc ia ted i n t wo i ns tances i n t he c orpus .

At h ird

v esse l was a ssoc ia ted w i th a p er fora ted b a t t le a xe , wh i le a f our th was p oss ibly a ssoc ia ted w i th a c onvex f langed a xe . The a ssoc ia ted a r t i fac ts , where d a table , mos t ly s ee m t o h ave l a te N eol i th ic r oo ts b u t a l l e x tend ing t o t he M idd le B ronze Age a nd d e fy a ny a t te mp t t o impose more r igorous l im i ts .

The e ar ly d a tes f or s o me o f t he Me ldon

Br idge p o t tery , c . 2 300 b .c . ,c ou ld e as i ly i nd ica te v ery e ar ly F ood Vesse l 4 3

p ygmy v esse ls . 0

1 SC ha r i ton 2S p ind lest 3 .H ast ing H i l l . 4 .H epp le

I L 2

F IG I V :5

( f ) ( E 09 >WO ) ( EL7 u n T ( 7 L7 9 n )

H s ) ( 100 dVH ) ( EE 1 .2 : 12 : IS ) ( 557 W E i ) ( 6 99 W E I )

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I LL 8 W O ) l dN ) ( 7L59 I ) ( 007 dV I I ) ( ZOO 2 : 1 \ (H ) ( 999 I . NU ( ( b L

NO ) ( 5 1 .E WO ) ( 9 EZ -I dN ) (E5 W E I ) 2 3VH ) di I dN )

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p hases , b u t t he ma in o ccurrence o f t h is c era m ic t ype mus t h ave b een a round 1 600 b .c . o n r ad iocarbon e v idence ( f ig . I V .6 ) , w i th a s im i lar d a te r ange f or

C o l lared U rns .

The l a t ter a re , h owever , l a ter a nd o u t l ive t he F ood V esse ls .

The F ood V essels a re c on te mporary w i th t he Mor t lake a nd F enga te s ty les i n t he P e terborough t rad i t ion , b u t o u t l ive b o th , a nd w i th G rooved Ware a nd a l l L an t ing a nd Van D er Waa l 's B eaker s tages .

T echno log ica l ly t hey s pan

i ndus tr ia l s tages I t o V ( f ig . 1 V .7 ) . The C ol lared Urns a re c lear ly d er ived f ro m t he F enga te s tyle , t he c ol lar , t runca ted b ody a nd p ropor t iona l ly minu te b ase b e ing c o m mon t o b o th , a nd s o mus t h ave b een c on te mporary w i th a t l eas t t he l a ter s tages o f t ha t s ty le a nd a lso e x tend u p t o c . 1 200 b .c . when a v ar ie ty o f c re ma t ion f or ms t ake o ver . Th is p laces t he m a s c on te mporary w i th i ndus tr ia l s tages i f i t o Va nd L an t ing a nd Van D er Waa l 's B eaker s teps 4 t o 7 . L ike t he f or m a nd d ecora t ions o f t he s epu lchra l p o t tery , t he a ssoc ia t ions s ee m t o s how more d er iva t ion f ro m l oca l N eo l i th ic t rad i t ions t han f ro m B eakers . S o me a ssoc ia tions s uch a s t he T ype " F" s ing le b arbed a rrowhead a nd t he " V"-per fora ted J e t b u t tons s ee m t o b eg in i n t he f ina l N eo l i th ic , b u t n one c an b e s a id t o h ave b een o bso le te b e fore t he M idd le Bronze Age .

I f we

c ons ider t he B eaker e v idence , we h ave a d a te o f c . 1 850 B . C . f or t he e ar l ies t s hor t n ecked B eakers i n t he a rea a ccord ing t o T a i t 's c lass i f ica t ion , a nd t hey s ee m t o b e c on te mporary w i th t he N or thern B r i t ish o r S ou thern Br i t ish B eak ers a ccord ing t o C larke 's c lass i f ica t ion , wh ich y ie lded a d a te o f C . 1 650 b .c . a t C ha t ton S andy ford .

T i me a nd a ga in p ara l le ls f or t he a ssoc ia t ions c an b e

f ound i n t he Wessex g raves o f a round 1 650-1400 B .C . ,b u t t he l ack o f c ons is ten t ly o ccurr ing g rave g oods o f ad a tab le t ype makes p rec ise d a t ing imposs ib le .

The c loseness o f t he p o t tery i n many r espec ts t o n a t ive N eo l i th ic f or ms

a nd e specia l ly t he e ar ly r ad iocarbon d a tes o f c . 2 300 b .c . f or p o t tery f ro m Me ldon B r idge ( Burgess 1 976 ) , wh ich s ee ms t o b e o f e ssen t ia l ly Food V essel f or m , s ugges ts t ha t t he F ood V esse l s ty le may a lready h ave a ppeared b y c . 2 000 b .c . a nd h ave e n tered t he b ur ia l r ecord s o mewha t l a ter , i n c . 1 800 b .c ., b efore b e ing r ep laced i n c . 1 450 b .c . b y av ar ie ty o f M idd le Bronze Age c rema t ion p rac t ices .

S im i lar ly t he C o l lared U rns s ee m t o h ave e vo lved i n t he

f irs t f ew d ecades o f t he s econd mi l len iu m B . C . f ro m F enga te a nd Mor t lake s ty les ; t he C inerary Urns u ndoub ted ly e n tered t he b ur ia l r ecord b e fore t he e nd o f t he " Food V essel p hase" , a s t he c on fus ion i nb ur ia l t rad i t ions t ha t s ee ms t o e x is t i n t he n or th p oss ib ly b ears o u t , a nd s o ad a te o f C . 1 600 b .c . s ee ms a ppropr ia te , e x tend ing d own t o c . 1 200 b .c . ,w i th t he r ad iocarbon d a te f ro m H ow ick H eugh ( o f 1 440 + 9 0 b .c . )f a l l ing b e tween t hese t wo d a tes .

4 6

Y EARS b . c .

' I NDUSTR IAL S TAGES

B EAKERS N umbe rs r e fer t o L on t ing & V . D e r Woo ls 's teps

L ATE ,N EOLITHIC WARES

I

1 200

1 300

1 400

1 500

I i

1 600

I

I V

1 700

1 800 A

1 900

2 000

2 100

I

2 200

2 300

2 400 F IG I V :7

4 7

F OOD V ESSELS

U RNS

NOTES

1 .

N ow i n t he Museu m o f An t iqu i t ies o f t he Un ivers i ty a nd S oc iety o f An t iq uar ies o f N ewcas t le u pon T yne , Access ion N o . 1 821-3 .

2 .

S i mpson 1 968 a dds a f ur ther n ine teen e xa mples .

,

4 8

S U M MARY T he p o t tery i n t he c orpus f or ms a n i n terest ing g roup , f ro m a g eograph ic a l ly d ef ined a rea , c o mpr is ing c lass ic a nd u nusua l t ypes o f v essel.

A l l ,

h owever, h ave t he c o m mon c haracter ist ic o fb e ing d eveloped f ro m t he P eterb orough N eo l ith ic p ot tery t rad it ion a nd , more s pec if ica l ly , f ro m t he Mor t lake a nd F enga te s ubsty les.

Grooved Ware c o mes i n as econdary p os it ion i n d e-

g ree o f i n f luence, a nd t h is i nf luence i s more a pparen t i n t he Food V esse l a nd F ood V essel U rn c lasses t han t he C inerary U rns. B eaker p o t tery t ypes i s m in i ma l .

The d egree o f i nf luence o f

V ery f ew v essels a re z oned i n B eaker

f ash ion , a ny Beaker t echn iques a re u sed i n P eterborough mo t ifs , f or e xa mp le c o mbed h err ingbone , a nd B eaker f or ms c an o n ly r eal ly b e s een i n t he h ybr id v essel f ro m Amble , N o . 8 5.

The h and o f o ne i nd iv idua l p ot tery c an p robab ly

b e s een i n t he v essels f ro m B ean ley a nd L ow ick N os. 7 a nd 8 , a nd s ince t he f ind s pots o f t hese v essels a re s epara ted b y a bou t t wen ty m iles t h is s ee ms t o s uggest e ither t ha t p ot ter s t ravel led r ound o r t ha t t ran shumance among f am ily g roups was p ract iced . S im ilar ly , i n t he b ur ia l t rad it ion w e h ave t he p ract ice o f i nd iv idua l i nhuma t ion b elow r ound mounds, a lready p ract iced i n t he p re-Beaker N eo l ith ic , c on t inued b y Food V essel u sers w h ile t he o ld N eo l ith ic r ite o f c re ma t ion was r e-asserted b y t he U rn u sers.

The Beaker b ur ia ls c an b e s een t o f i t e as ily

i n to a n e x ist ing N eo l ith ic t rad i t ion , a nd t hen t o d ie o u t w ith t he F ood V essels. Th is s uggests, t herefore, t ha t t hese Food V essel , Beaker , Food V essel U rn a nd C inerary U rn u sers may h ave o n ly b een d ist ingu ishable s oc io log ica l ly r ather t han c u l tura l ly . Pos it ions o f t he p ot tery i n t he mounds c ou ld a lso r epr esen t as oc io log ica l d ist inct ion r a ther t han a c hrono log ica l o ne. T h is may p rove t o b e s upported b y t he o ccurrence o f af ew l a te r ad iocarbon d a tes f or B eakers, s uch a s t ha t f ro m Cha t ton S andy ford men t ioned a bove, wh ich may l ater p rove t ha t t he Beaker c hrono logy s hou ld b e e x tended . The l ack o f c losely d a teable g rave g oods, h owever , means t ha t t he c hron o logy r ests h eav ily o n r ad iocarbon d a tes , o f wh ich t here a re v ery f ew d eterm ina t ions i n t he N or th East.

Cons ider ing Br ita in a s a who le, h owever , t here

i s s een t o b e ac ons iderable o ver lap amongst t he p o t tery t ypes, a l l o f wh ich w ere i n s i mu l taneous u se f or a g rea t p art o f t he ir e x istence.

4 9

B IBLIO GRAPHY

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Preh is tor ic P i ts a t P eterborough .

Archaeolog ia LX I I , p . 3 33 f f . Annable , F . K . a nd S i mpson , D . D . A ., 1 964.

G u ide C a ta logue o f t he Neo-

l i th ic a nd Bronze Age C o l lect ion i n Dev izes Museu m . ApS i mon , A . M., 1 972.

B icon ica l Urns Ou ts ide Wessex .

Man i n Wales a nd t he Wes t

Dev izes . I n Preh is tor ic

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Ba th ,

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The Bronze Age R ound B arrow i n Br i ta in .

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The Wi ls ford S ha f t .

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An t iqu i ty XXVI I , p . 1 16f f .

A Note o n " V" P er fora ted J e t Bu t tons f ro m t he N or thern

C oun t ies o f Eng land

Trans . Bury Archaeolog ica l Group f or 1 972.

Brews ter , T . C . M., 1 973 . o f Y orksh ire :

L ondon .

Two Bronze Age Barrows i n t he N or th R iding

Y orks . Archaeolog ica l J ourna l , XLV , p . 5 5 f f .

Burgess , C . B ., 1 972.

G oatscrag ;

A Bronze Age R ock S hel ter C e metery

i n N or th Nor thu mber land w i th n otes o n o ther R ock S hel ters a nd C rag lines i n t he r eg ion .

Archaeolog ia Ael iana ( 4 th s er ies ) , L , p . 4 1.

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Burgess , C . B ., 1 976.

"Meldon Br idge , A N eo l i th ic Pro mon tary C o mplex

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B . A. R . 3 3 , e d . Burgess C . B. a nd Miket R .

Ca l lander , G ., 1 915 .

"No t ice o f aJ e t N eck lace f ound i n ac is t i n a Bronze

Age c e metery d iscovered o n Brog ie L odge F ar m , Moraysh ire , w i th n o tes o n P reh is tor ic J et o rna men ts" . C lark , J . G . D ., 1 934.

P roc . S oc. An t iq. S cot land , L , p . 2 01f f .

" Der iva t ive f or ms o f t he P et i t Tranchet i n Br i tain" .

Archaeolog ica l J ourna l , XCI , p . 3 2ft . C larke , D . L ., 1 970 .

B eaker P ot tery o f G rea t B r i ta in a nd I reland.

C lark , J . G . D ., 1 932. a nd Wa les" .

C a mbr idge .

" Da te o f t he P lano-Co mplex f l in t k ni fe i n Eng land

An t iquar ies J ourna l , X II , p . 1 58 f f .

C ow ie , T . G ., 1 975 . " Food V essel Urns f ro m N or thern Eng land a nd S co tland" M. A. Thes is , Un ivers i ty o f E dinburgh . C raw; J . H ., 1 928 .

"On a j e t n eck lace f ro m a c is t a t P or ta l lach , Argyle" .

Proc . S oc . An t iq . S cot land , LXI I I , p . 1 54f f .

5 0

F ox , C ., 1 923.

Archaeology o f t he C a mbr idge R eg ion .

F ox , C ., 1 939.

L ife a nd D eath i n t he B ronze Age.

G ibson , A . M., 1 976. Durha m" .

C a mbr idge.

C a mbr idge.

" Corpus o f C inerary Urns f ro m N or thu mber land a nd

Archaeolog ica l N ews Bu l let in , C . B. A. Group 3 , N o. 1 4 .

G i lks , J . A ., 1 970.

" Two Middle Bronze Age C inerary Urns f ro m Tower

H i l l , War ley" .

Yorks . Archaeo log ica l J ournal , XLX I , p . 1 19f .

G reenwel l , W., 1 877.

Br i t ish B arrows .

G r i mes , W. F ., 1 960 . Bronze Age.

Ox ford .

Excava t ion o n De fence

S i tes , ma in ly N eol i th ic a nd

H . M.S. O.

H awkes , C . F . C ., 1 951.

" Br i tish Preh is tory H a l f-way t hrough t he c en tury" .

P roc . P reh ist . S oc. XVI I , p . l f f . J obey ,

G ., 1 962.

" A N ote o n S cooped Enclosures i n N or thu mber land" ,

Archaeolog ia Ael iana , J obey , G ., 1 965 . Ae l iana ,

( 4 th s er ies ) , XL , p . 4 7ff .

"H i Wor ts a nd S et t le men ts i n N or thu mber land" , Archaeolog ia

( 4 th s er ies ) , XLIL I , p . 2 1f f .

J obey , G ., 1 968 .

" The Excava tion o f C airns a t Cha tton S andy ford , N or thu m-

b er land" , Archaeolo iga Ae liana , ( 4 th s er ies ) , XLVI , p . 5 f f . J obey , G ., 1 977.

" A f ood Vessel Bur ia l o n DourH i l l , B yrness , N or thumber land".

Archaeo log ia Ael iana ,

( 5 th s er ies ) , V , p . 2 04f f .

J obey , G . a nd N ew man , T ., 1 975 .

" A C ol lared Urn b ur ia l o n H owick H eugh ,

N or thu mberland" , Archaeolog ia Ae liana , L ongwor th , I . H ., 1 961.

( 5 th s er ies ) , I I , p . l f f .

" The Or ig ins a nd Deve lop men t o f t he Pr i mary

s er ies i n t he C o l lared Urn Tradi t ion o f Eng land a nd Wa les" , Proc . P reh is t . S oc. XXVI I , p . 2 63f f . L ongwor th , I . H ., 1 969.

" F ive s herds f ro m F ord , Nor thu mber land , a nd

t heir r e lat ive d a tes" , Yorks . Archaeolog ica l J ournal , XLL I , p . 2 58 f f . Manby , T . G ., 1 958 .

" Food Vessels f ro m t he P eak D is tr ict" .

Derbys .

Archaeo log ica l J ourna l , LXXVI I I , p .1f f . Manby , T . G ., 1 975 .

"Grooved Ware s i tes i n t he N or th o f Eng land" .

B .A. R. 9 . McLe l lan Mann , L . B . I . , 1 905.

" Not ice o f ag roup o f a t l eas t s ix teen

C inerary Urns f ound w i th o b jec ts o f v i treous p as te , a nd o f g old , i n a c a irn a t S tevens ton , Ayrsh ire" .

Proc. S oc. An tiq . S cot land , XL , p .

3 69f f . Mor ti mer , W., 1 905 o f Yorksh ire" .

" For ty Years ' R esearches i n to t he .. Buria l Mounds L ondon .

Pacit to , A . L ., 1 970 .

" The Excava t ion o f t wo Bronze Age Bur ia l Mounds a t

Ferry Frys ton i n t he Wes t R id ing o f Yorksh ire" .

Yorksh ire Archaeolo-

g ica l J ourna l , XLII , p . 2 95 ff . P iggo t t , S ., 1 931.

"Neol i th ic P o t tery o f t he Bri tish I s les" .

J ournal LXXXVI I I , p . 6 7f f . 5 1

Archaeolog ica l

P iggo t t , S ., 1 954.

N eol i th ic Cu l tures o f t he Br i tish I s les .

S avory , H . N ., 1 955 .

C a mbr idge .

" Corpus o f We lsh Bronze Age P ot tery , p ar t I " .

Bu l let in o f t he Board o f C e l t ic S tud ies XVI p t . I I , p . 2 15f f . S avory , H . N ., 1 957.

" Corpus o f We lsh Bronze Age P ot tery , p ar t I " .

Bu l let in o f t he B oard o f C e l t ic S tudies , XV I I , p t . I I , p . 1 96f f . S avory , H . N ., 1 958 .

" Corpus o f We lsh Bronze Age P ot tery , p ar t I I" .

Bu l let in o f t he B oard o f C el t ic S tudies , XV II I , p t . I , p . 8 9 f f . S i mpson , D . D . A ., 1 965.

" Food V esse ls i n S ou th Wes t S cot land" .

Trans .

Du m fr ies a nd G a l loway Archaeolog ica l a nd N a tura l H istory S oc .,

( 3rd

s er ies ) , XLI I , p . 2 5 f f . S i mpson , D . D . A ., 1 968.

" Food V esse ls :

Associat ions a nd C hrono logy" .

Ancien t Europe , e d . C oles J . a nd S im s on , D . D. A . Smed ley , N . a nd Ow les , E ., 1 963. Bronze Age i n S u ffolk" . Sm i th , I . F ., 1 956.

" Pot tery o f t he Ear ly a nd E ar ly Middle

Proc . S u f folk I ns t . Arch . XX IX , p . 1 75 f f .

" The Decora t ive Ar t i n t he c era m ic t a d i t ions o f

S ou thern Eng land" . Sm i th , I . F ., 1 974 .

L eices ter .

Unpub lished Ph .D . Thes is , Un ivers i ty o f L ondon .

" The N eo l i th ic" ,

i n Br i t ish Preh is tory , aN ew Ou t l ine.

e d. R en frew , C ., London . S tone , J . F . S ., 1 949 .

"Grooved Ware f ro m t he Woodhenge a rea" .

Proc .

Preh is t . S oc ., XV , p . 1 22ff . Ta i t , J ., 1 965 .

Beakers f ro m N or thu mber land.

Trench man , C. T ., 1 914.

N ewcas t le-Upon-Tyne.

" Preh is tor ic Bur ia ls i n t he C oun ty o f Durha m" .

Archaeo log ia Ael iana ( 3rd s er ies ) , X I , p . 1 19ff .

5 2

VESSEL NU MBERS The c a ta logues o f t he v esse ls h ave b een a rranged a lphabetical ly f or e ase o f r eference .

The c orpus d raw ings , h owever , h ave b een a rranged f or e ase

o f c o mpar ison , a nd n u mbered c onsecu tive ly.

Th is s ec t ion i s d es igned t o

e nable e as ier v essel i den t i f ica t ion . FOOD VESSELS 1 . 2 .

Eg lingha m , B lawear ie

4 4 .

S ou th Char l ton

G reat Tosson

4 5 .

H olys tone C o m mon

3 .

P lessay Mi l l

4 6.

R odda m

4 .

Hawkh i l l Lesbury

4 7.

Hexha m

5 .

B ir t ley

4 8 .

S ou th Char l ton

6 .

Harbo t t le P eels

4 9.

Unknown

7 .

Bo ldon House , B ean ley

5 0 .

Broo mh i l l Wes t Ha l l ing ton

8 .

L owick , Bowsden

5 1.

9 .

B ewes H i l l

5 2.

B en tha ll

1 0 .

Dodd ing ton

5 3.

I l der ton

1 1.

L esbury

5 4.

H igh Bus ton

1 2.

Rothbury

5 5 .

C a theugh F ar m

1 3.

Low ick

5 6.

Hough Head

1 4.

Amble Quarry

5 7.

B ed l ing ton

1 5 .

Amble Quarry

5 8 .

Lesbury

1 6.

Cha t ton

5 9 .

Has t ing H i l l

1 7.

Amble Quarry

6 0 .

Unknown

1 8 .

Broo mridge

6 1.

J es mond

1 9.

Rothbury S ou th F ores t

6 2.

P rudhoe

2 0 .

B laydon

6 3 .

Wark

2 1.

Has t ing H i l l

6 4.

I lder ton

2 2 .

C a theugh F ar m

6 5 .

Has ting H i l l

2 3.

How Tal lon

6 6.

C o lwel l

2 4.

Wes t L i lburn

6 7.

Dodding ton

2 5 .

Ash ing ton

6 8 .

S i monside

2 6.

S eahouses

6 9 .

Amble

2 7.

Amb le

7 0 .

J es mond

2 8 .

H igh C ock law

7 1.

L l der ton

2 9.

Howburn

7 2.

Moor L odge

3 0 .

C ornh i l l

7 3 .

Ford

3 1.

H irs t , Ash ing ton

7 4.

B ean ley Wes t F ar m

3 2.

Newha m

7 5.

C orbr idge

3 3 .

Den ton Ha l l

7 6.

Kyloe

3 4.

Mur ton Far m , B ewick

7 7.

N ewcas t le

3 5 .

Hu lne P ark

7 8 .

B laydon

3 6.

Harbo t t le P eels

7 9.

C a la l ly

3 7.

Harbo t t le P ee ls

8 0 .

S ou th C har l ton

3 8 .

G reenv i l le

8 1.

B lack Heddon

3 9 .

Rodda m

8 2.

Has ting H il l

4 0 .

Warkwor th

8 3 .

Has t ing H i l l

4 1.

Farh i l l C rags

8 4.

S ou th Char l ton

4 2.

Hazon

8 5 .

Amble

4 3 .

Harbot t le P eels 5 3

FOOD VESSEL URNS E dlingha m

C a tchers ide

1 02.

8 7.

F arnha m

1 03.

G oa tscrag

8 8 .

Tr i mdon G range

1 04.

Error . N o n o . 1 04

8 9.

A lnwick

1 05 .

B arras ford

9 0 .

R oseborough

1 06.

H igh Bus ton

9 1.

Humbledon H i l l

1 07.

Hu mbledon H i l l

9 2.

H ough ton-le-Spr ing

1 08 .

R yton

9 3.

H as t ing H i l l

1 09.

Broo mhouses

9 4 .

G reen Leigh ton

1 10 .

G oatscrag

9 5 .

S pind les ton

1 11.

Unknown

9 6.

C ha t ton S andyford

1 12 .

F ord

9 7.

H igh Bus ton

1 13 .

B roo mh i ll

9 8 .

G rea t Tosson

1 14.

S cre mers ton H i l l Bo ldon

8 6.

B roo mhouses

1 15 .

1 00 .

Wh ickha m

1 16.

Bew ick Moor

1 01.

Unknown

S ou th Char l ton

1 23.

R oseborough

1 18 .

K irknew ton

1 24.

Ho ly s tone C o m mon

1 19.

R othbury

1 25.

H owick H eugh

1 20 .

E ta l Moor

1 26.

R ye H i l l

1 21.

S crenwood

1 27.

Broo m H ouse F ar m

1 22.

Rothbury

1 28 .

Mora lee Far m

9 9 .

MINIATURE URNS 1 17.

C INERARY URNS 1 29.

L i lburn H i l l

1 37.

R othbury

1 30 .

Ky loe C rags

1 38 .

K irkh i l l

1 31.

I ngra m

1 39.

E ta l Moor

1 32 .

Wes t B i tch f ie ld

1 40 .

S toneb r idge

1 3 : 3 .

Broo mr idge

1 41.

Mora lee Far m

1 34.

E ta l Moor

1 42.

S ou th Char l ton

1 35 .

E ta l Moor

1 43.

Barnard C as t le

1 36.

F ord C o m mon

CATALOGUE OF FOOD VESSELS

ALN W ICK ( N ) R e f :

B .A .P ., v o l . I , N o . 2 17 .

R e marks :

F ound a t Windys E dge .

D escr ip t ion :

B ow l .

F ive e nc irc l ing l ines o f t w is ted c ord a t t he t op , b eneath

t h is p ane l o f t w is ted c ord h urd l ing , t hen f our e nc irc l ing t w is ted c ord l ines , f ol lowed b y ap ane l o f s hor t v er t ica l l eng ths o f t wis ted c ord impress ions , w i th o ne e nc irc l ing c ord l i ne n ear t he b ase . L oca t ion :

B .M . ( no t s een b y wr i ter ) .

AMBLE ( N ) R e f :

V essel N o . 1 7

H .B. N .C. 1 882-4 , p . 5 24 .

R e marks :

Archaeo log ia , L I I ( 1890 ) , p .96.

F ound w i th a b eaker a t Amble Quarry i n ac is t .

Descr ip t ion :

B ipar t i te v ase .

9 .9 cm H .;

P ink-bu f f f abr ic w i th a g rey c ore .

1 0 .2 cm D .R .;

6 .7 cm D .B .

Twe lve e nc irc l ing l ines o f t wis ted c ord

impression a t t he t op , b enea th t h is a z one o f v er t ica l s hor t l eng ths o f t w is ted c ord , t hen t hree e nc irc l ing l ines o f t wis ted c ord , t hen t wo p ane ls o f v er t ical s hor t l eng ths o f t w is ted c ord s epara ted b y a n u ndecora ted s tr ip .

I n terna l

b eve l d ecora ted w i th f our c ord l ines . L oca t ion :

M . A .N . 1 923 .2 .3 .

AMBLE ( N ) R e f :

Vesse l N o . 1 5

Archaeolog ia , LI ( 1890 ) , p . 6 8 .

R e marks :

F ound a t Amble Quarry , i n ac is t .

D escr ip t ion :

B ipar t i te v ase .

9 .7 cm H .;

1 2 .5 cm D .R .;

7 .5 cm D .B .

One e ncirc l ing l ine o f o va l s tabs i nc l in ing t o t he r igh t a t t he t op , a t s hou lder l eve l .

B e low t h is o ne l ine o f v er t ica l wh ipped c ord maggots a nd t wo l ines

o f t he s a me mo t i f i nc l in ing t o t he r igh t a t t he t op . i nc ised c rosses . L oca t ion :

M. A. N. 1 923. 2 .4 .

AMBLE ( N ) R e f :

V essel N o . 2 7

B . A.P., I , N o . 2 06.

Re marks :

B e low t h is l arge s weep ing

Archaeo log ia , L I I ( 1890 ) , p . 6 8 .

F ound b enea th a c a irn w i th a c re ma t ion i n ac is t .

D escr ipt ion :

B ipar t i te .

1 2.5 cm H .;

1 1 cm D .R . ; 7 .5 cm D .B .

One

r ow o f s tab a nd d rag d ecora t ion c overs t he b eve l , a nd o n t he e x ter ior a re t wo a nd a h al f l ines o f h err ingbone i n t he s a me t echn ique . i n d irec t ion o f t he b ody may b e t he r e mnan ts o f ac o l lar . b ody a re u ndecora ted . L oca t ion :

Bu f f f abr ic w i th p ink p a tches .

B .M . 8 4 .12-23 .1.

5 5

S udden c hange L ower 6 cm o f t he

AMBLE ( N ) R e f :

V esse l N o . 8 5

Archaeo log ia , L I I ( 1890 ) ,p . 6 9 .

Re marks :

F ound b enea th a c a irn .

Descr ip t ion :

C on ta ined a c re ma t ion a nd a f l in t c ore .

B eaker s hape b u t w i th F ood V esse l d ecora t ion .

Brown f abr ic

w i th i nc ised a nd t w is ted c ord d ecora t ion . L oca t ion :

B .M . ,8 4 .12-23 .2 .

AMBLE ( N ) R ef :

Vesse l N o . 1 4

H .B .N .C. 1 882-4 , p . 5 26-7.

Re marks :

P .S .A. N . ( 4 th s er .) , 1 929-30 , p . 2 51.

F ound a t Amble Quarry w i th a n i nhu ma t ion i n ac is t .

Descr ip t ion :

B ipar t i te v ase .

1 5 .3 cm H .;

1 6.6 cm D .R . ; 8 cm D .B .

Decora ted t o t he s hou lder o n ly w i th wh ipped c ord maggo ts .

F ive l ines o f

s lop ing impress ions f or m t wo a nd a h a l f l ines o f h err ingbone w i th a n e nc irc l ing l ine o f wh ipped c ord a f ter t he s econd a nd t h ird l i nes .

On t he i n terna l b eve l

i s o ne l ine o f wh ipped c ord maggo t h err ingbone w i th a c en tra l wh ipped c ord e ncirc l ing l ine . L oca t ion :

M .A . N . 1 930.29.

AMBLE ( N ) Re f :

Vessel N o . 6 9

H .B .N .C. 1 882-4 , p . 5 24 .

Re marks :

Archaeo log ia L I I ( 1890 ) , p . 6 7.

F ound a t Amble Q uarry i n ac is t o r ien ta ted SW-NE , a ssoc ia ted

w i th " a sma l l b ronze a r t ic le" . Descr ip t ion :

B ipar t i te v ase w i th a g roove a bove t he s hou lder c on ta in ing t hree

p er fora ted s tops .

9 .6 cm H .;

1 1.8 cm D .R .;

7 .4 cm D .B .

Decora ted

e n t ire ly w i th wh ipped c ord maggo ts a rranged i n h err ingbone f ash ion , i nc luding t he i n terna l b eve l . L oca t ion :

ASH INGTON ( N ) R ef :

G rey-bu f f f abr ic .

M. A .N . 1 923 .2.2. Vesse l N o . 2 5

A .A . ( 4 th s er . )XXXVI I I ( 1 960 ) , p . 2 42 .

R e marks :

F ound a t Woodhorn R oad .

Descr ipt ion : D .B .

B ipar t i te v ase w i th a f la t r im .

1 1 cm H .;

F la t r im d ecora ted w i th i nc ised z ig-zag .

1 4 cm D .R .;

7 .3 cm

I ncised h err ingbone i n t he

n eck , a nd b e low t he s hou lder i s d ecora ted w i th p ane ls o f v er t ica l a nd h or iz on ta l l ines , o n o ne h al f e xecu ted b y n o tched s ta mp , a nd o n t he o ther b y i nc is ion .

Bu f f f abr ic w i th d ark g rey c ore .

L oca t ion :

M .A . N . 1 959.1.

BEANLEY W. FAR M ( N ) R e f :

A . C . p . 1 0 , N o . 9 ;

R e marks :

Vesse l N o . 7 4 P l . x iva , f ig . 2 .

F ound i n t he " ou t f i e ld" i n ac is t s urrounded b y s tones .

C on-

t a ined o ne p iece o f f l in t " l ike a n u n f in ished a rrowhead" a nd o ne h u man t oo th . Descr ip t ion :

B ow l .

1 2.7 cm H .;

1 2.7 cm D .R .;

w i th f our s cored g rooves b enea th t he r i m mou ld ing .

8 cm D .B .

D ecora ted

B elow t h is a re t wo

s e ts o f t wo l ines o f c ircu lar s tabs a nd t hree e ncirc l ing s cored g rooves . l ine o f o va l s tabs o n t he b evel . B u f f f abr ic . L oca t ion :

A lnw ick .

5 6

One

BEDLINGTON (N) Vessel No. 57 Ref: P.S.A.N. (4th ser.) XIX 1946, p. 322-3. Remarks: Found in Mill Field. One of five cists to be found. One cist held a beaker. Found in a small rough cist and contained a cremation. Description: Bipartite vase with slight shoulder groove. Internal bevel has a row of whipped cord maggots inclining to the left at the top. One row of short vertical cord maggot impressions runs round the top moulding of the shoulder groove and a second encircles the vessel below the groove. In the shoulder groove and overlying the top row of maggots is a crudely incised series of chevrons. 13.1 cm H.; 16 cm D.R.; 8 cm D. B. Location: M.A.N. 1963.15.4. BELFORD (N) Ref: H.B.N.C. 1879-81, p. 250. Remarks: Found on Chesters farm in a cist. Description: No details known. Location: Lost. BENTHALL (N) Vessel No. 51 Ref: A.A. (4th ser.) XV (1938), p. 154. P.S.A.N. (4th ser.) VIII (1935), p. 26. Remarks: Found with a contracted burial in a cist. The cist was orientated N-S and the skull faced S. Description: Bipartite vase with shoulder groove. 15.3 cm H.; 15.3 cm D.R.; 7 .1 cm D. B. Upper half of the exterior and the internal bevel are decorated with incised herringbone. Location: M.A. N. 1937.3. BEWES HILL (D) Vessel No. 9 Ref: P.S.A.N. (4th ser.) VIII (1935), p. 353. Remarks: No details. Description: Bulbous body with a carination and concave neck, but no collar. 21. cm H.; 18 cm D.R.; 9 cm D. B. Decorated in the neck and on the body wit scored cross hatching. On the flat rim are whipped cord maggot impres­ sions. Pink-buff fabric. Location: Sunderland L.61 (2). BIRTLEY (N) Ref:. A.A. (2nd ser.) VII (1876), p. 14. Remarks: Found in the easternmost of three cists in a barrow. Associated with a flint knife or scraper, and stone chippings. Description: Scored. No further details. Location: Lost. BIRTLEY (N) Vessel No. 5 Ref: A. A. (2nd ser.) XII (1887), p. 253. Remarks: Found on the Pitland Hills in a cist. In barrow. 57

BIRTLEY (N) Vessel No. 5 continued .... Description: Bipartite vase. 14 cmH.; 15. 3 cm D.R.; 6.4 cm D.B. Bevel and rim moulding have incised herringbone. The rest of the body seems to have random incised strokes and with an encircling line of stabs around the shoulder. Location: Lost. BLACKHEDDON (N) Vessel No. 81 Ref: Unpublished. Remarks: No details. Description: Bowl with a slight shoulder. 11.3 cmH.; 11 cm D.R.; 8 cm D.B. flattened "hammer" rim. The exterior is decorated to about 2/3 down with widely spaced vertical lines of oval stabs. Pink-brown fabric. Location: B.M. 52.10-1. 4. BLAYDON (D) Vessel No. 20 Ref: A.A. (4th ser.) XVI (1939), p. 260. Remarks: Found in Summerhill sand quarry in a cist near the skull of a male contracted inhumation. Cist orientated NNE-SSW. Skeleton lay on left side and faced SE. Associated with stone bead. Description: Bipartite vase. 15 cmH.; 16.6 cm D.R.; 8.9 cm D. B. Row of whipped cord maggots on the rim moulding. Panel of whipped cord hurdling in the neck. Short lengths on the shoulder of whipped cord maggots, and vertical lines of whipped cord on the belly. Internal bevel has similar maggots inclining to the right at the top. Light buff fabric with a dark grey core. Location: Sunderland L (61)3. BLAYDON (D) Vessel No. 78 Ref: T .A.A.S.D.N. (new ser.), I (1968), p. 101. Remarks: Found in Axwell and pit. Description: Bipartite bow. 11.7 cmH.; 14 cm D.R.; 8.1 cm D.B. Decorated with a 6-toothed comg or notched stick, in encircling lines and chevrons. Finger nail impressions on the bevel. Light brown fabric with black core. Location: Blaydon E. Secondary School. BOLDON, WEST (D) Ref: Unpublished. Remarks: No details. Description: Fragment only. Undecorated. Location: Sunderland.· BOLTONHOUSE (N) Vessel No. 7 Ref: A.A. (4th ser.) XLVII (1969), p. 170. A. C., p. 9, Pl. 7. Remarks: No details. 58

BOLTON HOUSE (N) Vessel No. 7 continued ... Description: Bipartite vase. 14.5 cm H.; 14 cm D.R.; 7.5 cm D. B. One horizontal groove on the rim moulding and six on the neck filled with circular impressions. The resulting ribs are covered with intersecting in­ c1s1on. The bevel is similarly decorated, as is the belly but in this case the grooves are vertical. Light brown fabric. Location: Alnwick . 1880.10. BRANDON WHITE HOUSE (N) Ref: H.B. N.C. 1885-6, p. 283. Remarks: Found in a cist with a contracted inhumation and an "iron spear''. Description: No details known. Location: Lost. BROOMHILL (N) Vessel No. 50 Ref: B.B., CLXXXVII, p. 408. B.A.P. I, 98. Remarks: Found in a barrow 16 ft in diameter and 3 ft high enclosed by a circle of stones. Primary cist orientated N-S, near the skull of a child con­ tracted inhumation. Vessel was upright and empty. Description: Bipartite vase with shoulder groove, 9. 9 cm H.; 11.5 cm D.R.; 4.8 cm D. B. Decorated all over, including bevel, with incised herringbone. Light brown fabric. Location: B.M. 79 .12-9.1401. BROOMRIDGE (N) Vessel No. 18 Ref: B.B., p. 408, note 1. Remarks: Found under Urn (see Broomridge in 'Cinerary Urns'). Description: Bipartite vessel. 12 cm H.; 11.5 cm D.R.; 5.5 cm D. B. Decoration to the shoulde-t is of encircling lines of twisted cord. Below the shoulder is a single row of sloping incisions. Rest of the vessel, including bevel, undecorated. Pink fabric. Location: B. M. 79.12-9. 1399. CALLALY (N) Vessel No. 79 Ref: A. A. (4th ser.) XXXVIII (1960), p. 241. H.B.N.C. XIII, p. 43, and . XIV, p. 24. Remarks: Found in a cist at Castle Hill quarry. Description: Bowl. 13. 7 cm H.; 15.3 cm D.R.; 10. 2 cm D. B. Decorated on the bevel with two wavy encircling lines of twisted cord, and on the body by encircling cord lines, both horizontal and wavy. Location: M.A.N. 1960.13. CATHEUGH FARM (N) Vessel No. 22 Ref: A.C. p. 10, No. 10, Pl. VIII. Remarks: Found in a cist with vessel No. 55 (see below). Description: Bipartite vase, 9 cm H.; 12.2 cm D.R.; 6 cm D. B. De­ corated entirely by notched stamp sloping lines and by notched stamp herring59

CATHEUGH FAR M ( N ) Descr ip t ion :

V esse l N o . 2 2 c on t inued ..

b one o n t he b eve l .

B uff f abr ic . L oca t ion : A lnw ick.

N o tched s ta mp d ecora t ion o n t he b ase .

1 880 .10 .

CATHEUGH FAR M ( N )

Vesse l N o . 5 5

Re f : A . C . p . 1 0 , N o . 1 1. R e marks : F ound i n ac is t w i th v esse l N o . 2 2 ( s ee a bove ). Descr ip t ion : f or s tops .

I nco mp lete b ipar t i te v ase w i th s hou lder g roove .

S urv iv ing p o t i s 1 2 cm H .;

d ecora t ion a bove t he s hou lder . c avet to .

8 .5 cm D .B .

N o e v idence

S tabbed h err ingbone

Ova l s tabs a ccen tua te t he i ns ide e dges o f t he

B e low t h is i nc ised d oub le c hevrons .

L ower t h ird u ndecora ted .

B uf f f abr ic . L oca t ion : A lnw ick, CHATTON ( N ) R e f :

Vesse l N o . 1 6

P .S .A. N . ( 5 th s er . )I ( 1 952 ) , p . 1 48 .

R e marks : F ound i n ac is t o n L ink ley L aw . Descr ip t ion : B ipar t i te v ase . C . 1 4 cm H .; o n ly .

c . 1 7 cm D .R .;

F ragmen ts

R im b eve l d ecora ted w i th f our e nc irc l ing l i nes o f c ord , v ery s hor t

l eng ths o f t w is ted c ord h ave b een impressed v er t ica l ly i n to t he r i m mou ld ing a nd o n t he s hou lder . I n t he n eck a re mu l t ip le e nc irc l ing l i nes o f t wis ted c ord , a nd o n t he b e l ly a re mu l t ip le l ines o f c ircu lar s tabs f or m ing e longa ted c hevrons . L oca t ion :

Bu f f f abr ic w i th b lack c ore . A lnw ick ,

CH IPCHASE CASTLE ( N ) R e f : H .B. N .C . 1 885-6. N o f urther d eta i ls . The v esse l i s n ow l os t . COL WELL ( N ) Re f :

Vessel N o . 6 6

B .A .P., I , N o . 1 25 .

R e marks :

C on ta ined a sma l l r ound s tone when f ound .

Descr ip t ion : h and le .

B ow l w i th c ave t to z one a t t he s hou lder a nd o ne p er fora ted

1 0 .2 cm H .;

1 4 cm D .R .;

6 .4 cm D .B .

Decora ted w i th t hree

z ones o f i ncised a nd s ta mped c hevrons , s epara ted b y s cored e ncirc l ing l ines . L igh t b rown f abr ic w i th b lack p a tches . L oca t ion :

M. A .N . 1 856. 2 7 .

CORBR IDGE ( N ) R e f :

Vesse l N o . 7 5

B .A. P., I , N o . 2 23 .

A .A ., I , p l . V Ig .

Y .A.J ., XLI I ( 1969 ) ,

p . 2 73f . R e marks :

N o d e ta i ls .

Descr ip t ion : 5 .8 cm D .B . b y i ncis ion .

B ow l w i th f our p er fora ted f ee t .

8 .7 cm H .;

1 4 .7 cm D .R .;

C o mbed d ecora t ion i n e ncirc l ing l i nes a t t he t op , a ccen tua ted B e low t h is s hor t v er t ica l l eng ths o f c o mbed impress ions .

On

t he c en tre o f t he b ody f i l led c oncen tr ic s em ic irc les o f s ta mped d ecora t ion .

6 0

CORBR IDGE ( N )

V esse l N o . 7 5 c on t inued ..

Descr ip t ion c on t inued : b ase .

.. B elow t h is , v er t ica l l ines o f r ou let t ing r un t o t he

The i n terna l b eve l h as e nc irc l ing l ines o f r ou le t ted d ecora t ion a nd t he

b ase h as l eng ths o f r ou le t t ing r unn ing o u t f ro m t he c en tre . L oca t ion :

M.A. N . 1 813 .14 .

CORNH ILL ( N )

Vessel N o . 3 0

R e f : P .S .A. N . ( 4 th s er .) , I V , ( 1929-30 ) , p .108 . R e marks : F ound i n g rave l p i t , n o t race o f ab ur ia l . D escr ip t ion : B ipar t i te v ase. 1 4 .7 cm H .; 1 5 .6 cm D .R .; 8 .3 cm D .B . Decora ted a l l o ver , i nc lud ing r im b eve l , w i th e nc irc l ing l ines o f s tabbed , r ough ly o va l , p i ts . L oca t ion :

G rey-p ink f abr ic w i th a d ark g rey-b lack c ore .

M.A. N . 1 929 .66.

DENTON HALL ( N ) Re f :

V esse l N o . 3 3

A .A . I( 1822 ) , p . 1 01.

R e marks :

F ound i n ac is t t ha t h ad b een d iv ided i n to t hree c o mpar t men ts ,

e ach a bou t 2f t x1 .5 f t .

V esse l f ound i n t he c en tra l c o mpar t men t a nd c on-

t a ined " a s ubs tance l i ke s hag t obacco" .

The wes tern d iv is ion was emp ty

a nd t he e as tern d iv is ion h e ld a c re ma t ion . Descr ip t ion : s tops .

B ipar t i te v ase w i th s hou lder c ave t to z one a nd f ive p er fora ted

1 1.5 cm H .;

1 5 .3 cm D .R .;

7 .7 cm D .B .

E x ter ior d ecora ted a l l

o ver w i th c o mbed p seudo- maggo ts a rranged i n h err ingbone f ash ion . b eve l h as e nc irc l ing l ines o f t w is ted c ord d ecora t ion .

I n terna l

B uf f f abr ic w i th p ink

p a tches . L oca t ion :

M. A .N . 1 815 .2 .

DODD INGTON ( N ) R e f :

Vesse l N o . 6 1

B .B . , CLXXX IX , p . 4 11.

R e marks :

P r i mary i nhu mat ion .

C is t o r ien ta ted E -W , a nd t he s ke le ton f aced E .

v esse l was f ound n ear t he s ku l l . c orpse .

B. A. P .I , N o . 2 26.

F ound i n ac is t w i th a ma le ( 2 4-30 y rs o ld ) c on trac ted i nhu ma t ion . The

Traces o f l ea ther c lo th ing r e mained o n t he

Assoc ia ted w i th a f l in t f l ake a nd a f l in t k n i fe 2 7 /8 i n l ong .

Descr ip t ion : v esse l .

B ipar t i te v ase w i th f our h and les , p er fora ted , i n t he n eck o f t he

1 7.2 cm H .;

1 7.9 cm D .R ;

8 .9 cm D .B .

D ecora ted a t t he t op

o f t he b e l ly w i th t wo c o mp le te l ines o f h err ingbone i nc is ion w i th t hree c rudely i nc ised e ncircl ing l ines a bove a nd b e low . L oca t ion :

DODDINGTON ( N ) R e f :

L igh t b rown f abr ic .

B .M . 7 9.12-9 . Vessel N o . 1 0

T .A.A.S .D. N ., I , ( 1 968 ) , p . 1 05 .

R e marks :

F ound 2 00 y ds N . o f D odd ing ton H ouse .

Descr ip t ion : B ipar t i te v ase . 1 3 .9 cm H .; 1 3.2 cm D .R .; 6 .3 cm D .B . Decora t ion c on f ined t o t he c oncave n eck , a nd c ons is ts o f 2e nc irc l ing l ines o f t w is ted c ord d ecora t ion o n t he r i m mou ld ing a nd 4 s im i lar l ines o n t he b eve l .

I n t he n eck a re f our e nc irc l ing l ines o f s tabbed impress ions .

L oca t ion :

M.A. N . 1 966 .5 .

6 1

DOUR H ILL ( N ) R ef :

A .A . ( 5 th s er .) , V ( 1 977 ) ( f or thco m ing ) .

I n for ma t ion f ro m Mr . G .

J obey . Re marks :

F ound i n a nd o u ts ide a c is t w i th a c on trac ted b ur ia l a nd h ad t here-

f ore b een d is turbed b y t he i nser t ion o f as econd b ur ia l ( see b e low ) . Descr ip t ion : L oca t ion :

B ow l .

P r iva te p ossess ion ( Mr . J obey ).

DOUR H ILL ( N ) R e f :

A .A . ( 5 th s er .) , V ( 1 977 ) , f or thco m ing .

J obey . R e marks :

S econdary i n ter men t i n ac is t .

Descr ip t ion :

N or thern t r ipar t i te v ase .

I n for ma t ion f ro m Mr . G .

C on trac ted i nhu ma t ion .

Undecora ted e xcept f or t hree e ncir-

c l ing c ord l ines o n t he b eve l , a nd s hor t f a in t t w is ted c ord impress ions o n t he l i p . Loca t ion :

P r iva te p ossess ion (Mr . J obey ).

EGLINGHA M ( N ) R e f :

Vesse l N o . 1

B .B ., CC , p . 4 18 .

R e marks :

B . A. P., I , N o . 1 24 .

F ound i n ac a irn e nc losed b y ac irc le o f s tones , i n ac is t o r ien ta ted

NW-SE , 9 A - f t SW o f t he c en tre o f t he c a irn .

T he c is t was s econdary a nd c on-

t a ined c harcoa l b u t n o b one . Descr ip t ion :

B ipar t i te Vase .

1 5 .9 cm H .;

1 5 .3 cm D .R . ; 7 .6 cm D .B .

Ex ter ior o f t he b ody d ecora ted o n t he t op t hree-quar ters b y i ncis ions a rranged i n h err ingbone f ash ion , a s i s t he b eve l .

The l ower q uar ter i s u ndecora ted .

Brown f abr ic . L oca t ion :

B .M . 7 9.12-9 .1435 .

EGLINGHA M ( N ) Re f :

B .B ., CC , p . 4 18 .

R e marks :

P r i mary b ur ia l i n ac is t i n t he s a me c a irn a s t he a bove .

Descr ip t ion : L oca t ion :

N o d e ta i ls .

L os t .

FARH ILL CRAGS ( N )

V esse l N o . 4 1

R e f : P .S .A. N . ( 5 th s er .) , I , ( 1950-56 ) , p . 3 50 . Re marks : F ound wh i le q uarry ing . Descr ip t ion : s tops .

B ipar t i te v ase w i th s hou lder c ave t to z one a nd f ive u nper fora ted

1 2 cm H .;

1 4.5 cm D .R . ; 6 .4 cm D .B .

N eck d ecora ted w i th e n-

c irc l ing l i nes o f t w is ted c ord a s i s t he c ave t to z one .

The b e l ly i s d ecora ted

w i th wh ipped c ord maggo ts a rranged i n t hree f u l l l ines o f h err ingbone mo ti f . There i s ap ronounced g roove o n t he b ase . L oca t ion :

L os t .

6 2

C inna mon c o loured f abr ic .

FORD ( N ) R e f :

Vesse l N o . 1 3

B .B ., p . 9 1-2 , f ig . 8 0 .

R e marks : N o d e ta i ls . Descr ip t ion : B ow l . 1 6 cm H .;

1 5 cm D .R .;

mou ld ing h ave f ine ly i nc ised s loping l ines .

9 cm D .B .

B eve l a nd r im

T he b ody h as z oned d ecora t ion ,

t he z ones d e l inea ted b y r ough ly s cored g rooves . i s t z one h as c ircu lar s tabs i n as ing le e nc irc l ing l ine . 2 nd z one h as o ne f u l l l ine o f i ncised h err ingbone . 3 rd z one c ons is ts o f s lan t ing i nc ised l ines , a nd t he 4 th h as o ne c o mp le te l ine o f h err ingbone a nd a n e nc irc l ing l ine o f c ircu lar s tabs . L oca t ion :

L igh t b rown f abr ic .

B .M . 7 9.12-9 .1419 .

GLANTON ( N ) R e f :

H .B .N .C. 1 885-6 , p . 3 14.

R e marks :

Two f ood v esse ls f ound i n e ach o f t hree c is ts , a cco mpanying c har-

c oa l a nd h ea t a f fec ted b ones . GREAT TOSSON ( N )

N o f ur ther d e ta i ls .

A l l n ow l os t .

Vesse l N o . 2

R e f : B .B ., p . 4 31.: P .S .A.S . ( 1860-2 ) , I V , p . 5 8 . R e marks ; F ound i n o ne o f f our c is ts b u t w i th n o c over ing mound , t wo o f wh ich were o r ien ta ted N -S a nd t he o ther t wo NE-S W .

Acco mpan ied a c on-

t rac ted ( ? ) f e ma le i nhu ma t ion , a ssoc ia ted w i th a V-per fora ted c on ica l j e t b u t ton . Descr ipt ion :

B ipar t i te v ase , 1 2 .8 cm H .;

1 3 .9 cm D .R . ; 4 .8 cm D .B .

Decora ted a l l o ver , i nc lud ing t he r im b evel , w i th f ine ly i nc ised h err ingbone . G rey f abr ic . L oca t ion :

B .M .79 .12-9.1457.

GREENV ILLE ( N ) R e f :

H .B .N . C . 1 885-6, p . 2 85-6.

R e marks :

F ound w i th a no ther s im i lar b u t l arger i n ac a irn .

ac re ma t ion . Descr ip t ion : f ora ted s tops . b one .

V esse l N o . 3 8

B ipar t i te v ase w i th s hou lder c ave t to z one a nd f our b road p erDecora ted a l l o ver , i nc lud ing b eve l , w i th i ncised h err ing-

8 .9 cm H .;

L oca t ion :

Acco mpan ied

N o c is t .

9 .6 cm D .R .;

3 .8 cm D .B .

L os t .

HARBOTTLE PEELS ( N ) R e f : B .B ., CC I I , p . 4 22-3 . Re marks : F ound w i th a n i nhu ma t ion , i n t he W. c orner o f ac is t w i th a s tone b ase b e low a d e mol ished c a irn . Descr ip t ion :

1 5 .3 cm H .;

1 6.6 cm D .R .;

8 .3 cm D .B .

d ecora ted w i th e ncirc l ing l ines o f o va l impress ions" . L oca t ion :

L os t .

6 3

" who le s ur face

HARBOTTLE PEELS ( N ) R e f :

Vesse l N o . 3 7

B .B . CC I I , p . 4 23.

R e marks :

I n SW c orner o f ac is t b e low a d es troyed c a irn .

N -S , a nd h e ld a n i nhu ma t ion .

C is t o r ien ta ted

S lab o n t he S s ide h ad a n i nc ised p a t tern l ike

af oo t , 5 i - i n x 3i n . D escr ip t ion : s tops .

B ipar t i te v ase w i th s hou lder c avet to z one a nd f our p er fora ted

1 2 .2 cm H .;

1 6 .6 cm D .R . ; 7 cm D .B .

b ody d ecora ted w i th i nc ised h err ingbone .

B eve l a nd u pper

L ower

i s u ndecora ted .

o f t he B u ff

f abr ic . L oca t ion :

B . M . 7 9.12-9.1439 .

HARBOTTLE PEELS ( N ) Re f :

V esse l N o . 4 3

B .B ., CCI I , p . 4 23-4 .;

R e marks :

B .A .P ., I , N o . 1 45 .

F ound o n t he n a tura l s ur face b enea th a c a irn .

N o b ur ia l r e ma ins .

Descr ip t ion :

B ipar t i te v ase w i th s hou lder g roove a nd f our u nper fora ted s tops .

1 2 .4 cm H .;

1 4 .3 cm D .R . ; 6 .3 cm D .B .

R i m mou ld ing a nd n eck d ecora ted

w i th e nc ircl ing l ines o f n ea t c ircu lar s tabs a nd f ine ly i nc ised l ines .

B e l ly

h as t wo z ones o f i ncised f i l led t r iang les a ccen tua ted b y s im i lar s tabs .

B eve l

i s t iered a nd d ecora ted w i th s im i lar i ncised l ines a nd c ircu lar-ova l s tabs . On t he b ase i s a n i nc ised c ross f l anked b y c ircu lar s tabs . L oca t ion :

B .M . 7 9 .12-9.1440 .

HARBOTTLE PEELS ( N )

Vesse l N o . 3 6

R e f : B .B . , CC I I , p . 4 24 . R e marks : F ound i n ac is t o r ien ta ted WN W-ESE , i n t he N c orner b enea th a c a irn .

Wi th a n i nhuma t ion .

D escr ip t ion :

B ipar t i te v ase w i th s hou lder g roove a nd f our u n .p ierced s tops .

1 2.7 cm H .; 1 2.7 cm D . R . ; 5 .7 cm D .B . D ecora ted a l l o ver , i nc lud ing t he b eve l , w i th i nc ised h err ingbone . B rown f abr ic . L oca t ion :

B .M . 7 9 .12-9 .1441.

HARBOTTLE PEELS ( N ) R e f :

V essel N o . 6

B .B . CCI I , p . 4 24-5 .;

R e marks :

B .A .P ., I .

N o . 2 00 .

F ound o n t he n a tura l s ur face b enea th a c a irn .

N o a ssoc ia ted

b ur ia l . D escr ipt ion : B ipar t i te v ase . 1 5 .9 cm H .; 1 5 .9 cm D .R .; 7 cm B .D . Decora ted o n ly i n t he n eck a nd o n t he s hou lder w i th s tab a nd d rag h err ingbone . P ink-brown f abr ic . L oca t ion :

B .M . 7 9 .12-9.1442 .

HASTING H ILL ( D ) R e f :

A .A . ( 3rd s er .) , X I ( 1 914 ) , p . 1 39f f .

R e marks :

F ound i n ac is t , s econdary i n ter men t , b enea th a b arrow .

F ound

w i th a c re ma t ion a nd a n i ncense c up . C is t o r ien ta ted E -W . Assoc ia ted w i th f l in t f lake , f l in t c ore a nd a n imp le men t w i th s econdary c h ipping . D escr ip t ion : " One r a ised l ine v is ible a s d ecora t ion" . L oca t ion :

L os t .

6 4

HASTING H ILL ( D ) R e f :

Vesse l N o . 5 9

A .A . ( 3rd s er .) , X I ,

( 1 914 ) , P . 1 41.

R e marks : F ound i n t he ma ter ia l o f t he b arrow . Descr ipt ion : B ipar t i te v ase w i th s hou lder g roove . D .R .;

7 .5 cm D .B .

1 0 .2 cm H .;

1 2 .7 cm

N eck a nd s hou lder g roove d ecora ted w i th s hor t l eng ths

o f t w is ted c ord a rranged i n h err ingbone mo t i f .

B evel h as t wo e nc irc l ing

l ines a t t he t op o f t wis ted c ord , a nd o ne a t t he b o t to m , w i th s hor t s loping l eng ths o f t he s a me t echn ique b e tween t he s econd a nd t h ird l ine . L igh t b rown f abr ic .

F inger n a i l impress ions o n t he b e l ly , p robably a cc iden ta l .

L oca t ion :

S under land .

HASTING H ILL ( D )

V esse l N o . 8 3

R e f : A .A . ( 3rd s er .) , X I ( 1 914 ) , p . 1 42 . R e marks : S econdary i n ter men t 1 2 f t SW o f t he c en tre o f t he b arrow . R ough ly c ircu lar c is t c . 1f t 2i n i n d ia me ter w i th a du l t c re ma t ion a nd f our th mi lar o f as heep . Descr ip t ion : F ragmen t o n ly . D ecora t ion c ons is ts o f o ne p robably e nc irc l ing l ine o f t w is ted c ord d ecora t ion w i th o ne l ine b e low a nd a t l eas t f our a bove o f v er t ica l s hor t l eng ths o f t w is ted c ord . L oca t ion :

P ink-brown f abr ic .

S under land .

HASTING H ILL ( D )

Vesse l N o . 6 5

R e f : A .A . ( 3rd . s er ) , X I , ( 1 914 ) , p . 1 50 . R e marks : F ound o n t he E e dge o f t he b arrow i n ac is t w i th a c on trac ted i nh u ma t ion . f acing E .

C is t o r ien ta ted NW-SE , a nd t he s kele ton l ay o n i t s r igh t s ide Assoc ia ted w i th f l in t f lake a nd s aw .

Descr ipt ion :

Tr ipar t i te v ase w i th a c ave t to z one a bove a nd b elow t he s hou lder .

1 5 .3 cm H ., 1 2 .7 cm D .R .

Al ine o f c ircu lar impress ions d ecora te t he r im

mou ld ing , b e low t h is a re t hree e ncirc l ing l ines o f t wis ted c ord t echn ique , t wo e ncirc l ing l ines o f s hor t v er t ica l l eng ths o f t w is ted c ord , o ne e ncircl ing t wis ted c ord l ine o n t he s hou lder , a nd a t l eas t f our l ines o f s hor t l eng ths o f t wis ted c ord , a rranged v er t ica l ly b e low t h is . c irc l ing t wis ted c ord l ines . L oca t ion :

S under land .

HASTING H ILL ( D ) R e f :

Vesse l N o . 2 1

A .A . ( 3rd s er .) , X I , ( 1 914 ) ,

R e marks :

On t he b eve l a re t hree e n-

D ark r ed-brown f abr ic .

P .

1 53 .

F ound i n ac is t i n t he e x tre me NE o f t he mound .

C is t o r ien ta ted

NNE-SS W a nd h e ld t he c on trac ted i nhuma tion o f ac h i ld o n i t s r igh t s ide f acing E .

V esse l was b eh ind t he c h i ld 's h ead .

Associa ted w i th t he molar o f

a n o x . Descr ip t ion : B ipar t i te v ase . 1 0 cm H .; 1 0 .8 cm D .R . ; 6 .4 cm D .B . H as t wo e ncirc l ing t w is ted c ord l ines o n t he r i m mou ld ing a nd o n t he b eve l , a nd o ne s im i lar o n t he s hou lder .

I n t he n eck a re t w is ted c ord c hevrons .

The b e l ly i s d ecora ted w i th i nc ised h err ingbone , w i th i ncised c hevrons a t t he b ase .

L igh t b rown f abr ic w i th p ink p a tches .

L ocat ion :

S under land .

6 5

HASTING H ILL ( D )

Vesse l N o . 8 2

R e f : A .A ., ( 3rd s er .) , X I , ( 1914 ) , P . 1 53 . R e marks : F ound n ear , b u t n o t a ssoc ia ted w i th , a n u nc is ted c on trac ted i nhuma t ion . Descr ip t ion :

R im f rag men t o n ly .

F ine ly d ecora ted w i th i nc ised h err ingbone

i n terrup ted b y s ing le e nc irc l ing t w is ted c ord l i nes . L oca t ion :

HAUGH HEAD ( N ) R e f :

R ed-brown f abr ic .

S under land . V esse l N o . 5 6

A .A . ( 4 th s er .) , XXV I , ( 1948 ) , p . 4 9 .

R e marks :

F ound i n ac is t o r ien ta ted E -W w i th c harcoa l a nd s ix f l in ts i n-

c lud ing o ne d ar t h ead 2 2 - i n X1 1 -- i n a nd o ne a rrowhead . Descr ip t ion : B ipar t i te v ase , w i th s hou lder g roove . 1 2 .1 cm H .; 1 5 .3 cm D .R .; 6 cm D .B . D ecora ted o n t he r i m mou ld ing a nd c ar ina t ions w i th s hor t v er t ica l wh ipped c ord maggo ts .

S im i lar maggo ts , b u t l onger , a re a rranged

i n h or izon ta l r ows i n t he n eck a nd c ave t to z one . p anels o f h or izon ta l a nd v er t ica l i ncised l ines . o f wh ipped c ord . L oca t ion :

The b eve l h as f i l led t r iang les

H as a g ra in impress ion o n t he b ody .

Bu f f f abr ic .

M .A .N . 1 946.25 .

HAZON ( N ) R e f :

The b e l ly h as a l terna t ing

Vesse l N o . 4 2

A . C . p . 9 , N o . 8 , p l . V I I I .

R e marks :

S a id t o h ave h ad a l i d when f ound , " assoc ia ted" w i th a modern

s pur . Descr ip t ion : 1 4 cm H .;

B ipar t i te v ase w i th s hou lder g roove a nd f ive =p ierced s tops .

1 5 .3 cm D .R .;

6 .4 cm D .B .

D ecora ted o n t he b eve l , r im

mou ld ing , n eck a nd c ave t to z one w i th e nc irc l ing l ines o f t w is ted c ord . t he b e l ly a re wh ipped c ord maggo ts a ranged i n h err ingbone f ash ion .

On B uf f

f abr ic . L oca t ion :

A lnw ick .

HEPPLE ( N ) R e f :

A .A . ( 5 th s er .) , I ,

R e marks :

( 1 974 ) , p . 1 54.

E igh t v esse ls o f s i mp le b ipar t i te f or m a re s a id t o h ave b een f ound

i n sma l l b arrows i n t he K irkh i l l a rea , t wo b e ing f ound i n o ne c is t , a nd t he o ther s ix i n i nd iv idua l c is ts . D escr ip t ion : H .;

1 2.5 cm

1 2 .5 cm D .R .

L oca t ion :

L os t .

HEXHA M ( N ) Re f :

One d rawn i n o u t l ine i s s i mple b ipar t i te v ase f or m .

Vesse l N o . 4 7

U npub l ished .

R e marks :

N o d e ta i ls .

Descr ipt ion : Brown f abr ic .

H eav i ly r es tored b ipar t i te v ase w i th s hou lder c ave t to z one . N o d ecora t ion .

1 6 cm H .;

r es tored ). L oca t ion :

B .M . 8 4.12-24 .1.

6 6

2 1 cm D .R .;

8 cm D .B . ( as

H IGH BUSTON ( N ) R e f :

V essel N o . 5 4

A .A ., ( 4 th s er .) , XXXV ( 1 957 ) , p . 2 69f f .

R e marks : One o f f our v esse ls f ound o n a nd a round a sma l l c is t . Descr ipt ion : B ipar t i te v ase w i th s hou lder c avet to z one . 1 3 .4 cm H .; cm D .R .;

9 .2 cm D .B .

1 7.2

B eve l a nd c ave t to z one d ecora ted w i th h err ingbone

s tab a nd d rag t echn ique .

F inger n a i l impress ions o ccur o n t he r i m mou ld ing ,

a nd t r iangu lar s tabs o ccur i n t he n eck a nd o n t he b e l ly b elow t he s hou lder g roove . L oca t ion :

F ro m t here t o t he b ase a re i nc ised c hevrons . L os t .

H IGH BUSTON ( N ) R e f : A .A . ( 4 th s er .) , XXXV , ( 1 95 ' 7 ) p . 2 69f f . R e marks : One o f f our v esse ls f ound o n a nd a round a sma l l c is t . Descr ipt ion : L oca t ion :

N o d e ta i ls .

L os t .

H IGH COCKLA W ( N ) R e f :

P .S . A. S . LX II I ,

R e marks :

V esse l N o . 2 8 ( 1928-9 ) ,

F ound i n ac is t , a ssoc ia ted w i th a j e t n eck lace w i th s pacer b eads ,

a nd a p iano-convex k n i fe . Descr ip t ion : B ipar t i te v ase .

1 2 .60 cm H .;

1 5 .7 cm D .R .;

7 .6 cm D .B .

The v esse l h as a f la t r im d ecora ted w i th s em icircu lar impress ions . r i m mou ld ing i s e x tended t o r ese mb le a s ha l low c o l lar .

The

Th is a nd t he u pper

t hree q uar ters o f t he b ody i s d ecora ted w i th l ines o f v er t ica l s cor ings e xec u ted b y p oss ib ly a b roken s t ick .

The l ower q uar ter i s p la in .

b u lg i n t he wa l l marks t he s hou lder . L oca t ion :

E d inburgh .

H IRST , ASH INGTON ( N ) R e f :

A s l igh t

L igh t b rown f abr ic .

EQ 3 78-381. Vessel N o . 3 1

U npubl ished .

R e marks :

N o d e ta i ls .

D escr ipt ion :

B ipar t i te v ase .

1 3 . cm H .;

V ery r ough ly d ecora ted w i th s tabbed p i ts .

1 3 .7 cm D .R .;

8 cm D .B .

There s ee ms t o b e a n a t te mp t a t

z on ing a s t here a re a l terna t ing b ands o f sma l l a nd l arge s tabs . l ines o f sma l l s tabs o ccupy t he b evel . L oca t ion :

M. A. N . 1 894. 8 .

HOLYSTONE CO M MON ( N )

Vesse l N o . 4 5

R ef :

B .A .P ., I , N o . 1 63 .

B .B ., CCIV , p . 4 27 ;

R e marks :

V er t ica l

P ink-bu f f f abr ic .

F ound i n ac is t o r ien ta ted S E-N W , w i th t he p r i mary c re ma tion

b e low a c a irn .

I n Ec orner o f t he c is t .

D escr ipt ion :

B ipar t i te v ase w i th s hou lder g roove a nd f our u npierced s tops .

1 0 .2 cm H .;

1 2 .1 cm D .R .;

6 .4 cm D .B .

R i m mou lding , b eve l , a nd b ody

t o 2 cm b e low s hou lder d ecora ted w i th f ine ly i ncised h err ingbone .

Al ine

o f c ircu lar s tabs d ecora te t he r im l i p a nd t he t op a nd b o t to m o f t he s hou lder g roove .

T he r es t o f t he b ody i s c overed w i th v er t ica l l ines o f h err ingbone

i n terrupted b y v er t ica l l ines , a l l e xecu ted b y i nc is ion . L oca t ion :

B .M . 7 9.12-9 .1444. 6 7

Bu f f f abr ic .

HOUGHTON LE S PR ING ( D ) R e f : A .A . ( 3rd s er .) , X I , ( 1914 ) , p . 1 28 . R e marks : F ound w i th a s econdary i nhu ma t ion i n C op t H i l l b arrow . ENE o f t he c en tre a nd 3 f t 4i n a bove t he o ld g round l eve l .

1 6 f t

N o f ur ther d e ta i ls ,

n ow l os t . HO WBURN ( N ) Re f :

Vesse l N o . 2 9

H .B .N . C . 1 869-81 ,

P .

2 52.

R e marks : F ound i n ac is t . Descr ip t ion : B ipar t i te v ase .

1 0 .7 cm H .;

1 4 cm D .R .;

9 cm D .B .

B ody d ecora ted a l l o ver w i th v er t ica l l ines o f wh ipped c ord maggo ts . i s u ndecora ted . L oca t ion :

B eve l

B rown-bu f f f abr ic .

B .M . 7 9.12-9.1754 .

HO W TALLON ( N . YORKS )

( Now i n Durha m s ince r e-organ isa t ion ) .

Vesse l N o . 2 3 Re f : Unpubl ished . Re marks : F ound w i th a n i nhu ma t ion i n ac is t a ssocia ted w i th " f l in t a rrowh eads a nd o ther o b jec ts" . Descr ip t ion :

F ragmen tary , p erhaps a b ipar t i te v ase o r p oss ibly e ven a b e l l

d er iva t ive b eaker .

1 6 cm D .R .;

7 .5 cm D .B .

A l l f rag men ts e xcep t t hose

n ear t he b ase d ecora ted w i th r ou le t ted d en to id impress ions a nd n o tched s t ick e nc irc l ing l ines . L oca t ion :

B eve l i s s im i lar ly d ecora ted .

Bu f f t o p ink f abr ic .

B owes Museu m .

HULNE PARK ( N )

V esse l N o . 3 5

Re f : A .C . p . 1 1 , N o . 1 6. R e marks : F ound w i th a n i nhu ma t ion i n ac is t . Descr ip t ion :

B ipar t i te v ase w i th s hou lder g roove a nd f ive u np ierced s tops .

1 0 .2 cm H .;

1 2.7 cm D .R .;

n o tched s ta mp o r c o mb.

5 .6 cm D .B .

D ecora ted a l l o ver w i th a

On t he b eve l t h is t akes t he f or m o f h err ingbone

i n terrupted b y a n e ncirc l ing l ine .

The e x ter ior i s d ecora ted a l l o ver w i th

h err ingbone e xcep t f or t wo e nc irc l ing l ines b e low t he r i m mou ld ing , a nd t hree s im i lar l ines i n t he s hou lder g roove . L oca t ion :

A lnw ick ,

HU MBLETON ( N ) R e f :

H .B .N .C. 1 876-78 , p . 3 95 .

R e marks :

F ound w i th a c is ted i nhu ma t ion .

I LDERTON ( N ) R e f :

N o f ur ther d e ta i ls .

N ow l os t .

Vesse l N o . 5 3

B .A . P . ,I . N o . 1 71.

R e marks :

N o d e ta i ls .

Descr ipt ion :

B ipar t i te v ase w i th s hou lder g roove .

2 . cm D .R . ; C . 6 cm D . B .

c . 1 1.4 cm H .;

C . 1 2.

The n eck a nd s hou lder s ee ms t o b e d eco—r a ted

w i th o ne a nd a h a l f l ines o f h err ingbone i ncis ion i n terrup ted b y t hree e ncirc l ing l ines o f i ncis ion a f ter t he f irs t h a l f . h or izon ta l s lashes . L oca t ion :

B .M . n o t s een b y wr i ter . 6 8

The b e l ly i s d ecora ted w i th s hor t

ILDERTON (N) Ref: H.B.N.C. 1885-6, p. 275; p. 419. Remarks: Found in a cist. Description: Seems to be a bipartite vase. 1 O. 5 cmH. ; 15 cm D.R.; 6.4cm D.B. Bevel decorated with two rows of circular impressions with short diagonal twisted cord on the lip. The rim moulding has similar im­ pressions forming a comf)lete line of herringbone, and below this are one line of oblong impressions. Below this are three series of cord impressions, one row of diagonal cord impressions; on the shoulder are two rows of upright short lines with two rows of oblong impressions between them. From here to the base the belly is decorated with horizontal lines of twisted cord. Location: lost. ILDERTON (N)

Vessel No. 7 1

Ref: H.B.N.C., 1885-6, p. 278. Remarks: No details. Description: Bowl. 7. 7 cmH.; 9.5 cm D.R.; 4cm D.B. Rim bevel to waist decorated with concentric incised chevrons with an incised encircling base line. Below this .to the base is the same but inverted. Location: lost. ILDERTON (N)

Vessel No. 64

Ref: H.B.N.C., 1885-6, p. 279. Remarks: No details. Description: Tripartite vase with a groove above and below the shoulder. £· 14cmH.; 15.3cm D.R. Decoration appears to be of twisted cord impressions. From the rim moulding to the bottom of the second cavetto zone is decorated with short sloping lengths of cord alternating with two encircling lines of cord. This is repeated three times below this, on the belly are filled twisted cord triangles, underlined by £· 7 encircling lines of twisted cord. Location: Lost. ILDERTON (N) Ref: H.B.N.C. 1885-6, p. 279. •Remarks: Found between two large stones. Description: Bowl. 14cmH.; 14.6 cm D.R.; 8.9 cm D.B. From the published description the body appears to be gently ribbed with "chipped out" pits.. Beneath last of three ribs are horse..: shoe impressions made by a three notched stick. • Location: Lost. JESMOND (N)

Vessel No. 70

Ref: B.A.P . I. No. 2 2 7 . Remarks: Found in a cist with a contracted male inhumation. Description: Bowl. 10.4cmH.; 14cm D.R.; 7.3cm D.B. Decoration is all executed by a stamp, or incision. On the rim moulding is one complete line of herringbone executed by a notched stick, then four encircling scored

lines, two bands of vertical, pseudo-maggots and three rouletted encircling lines, one band of stamped chevron and lozenge impressions, four incised lines, stamped lozenges, three encircling scored lines and helow this to the base are filled incised triangles. Bevel decorated with encircling rouletted lines. Brown fabric. Location: M.A.N. 1828.5. · JESMOND (N) Vessel No. 61 Ref: A.A. (3rd ser. ), I. (1904), p. 15. Remarks: Two cists found, each containing two vessels, only one recovered whole. Description: Tripartite vase with two cavetto zones. 17.8 cm H.; 19.1 cm D.R.; 8 cm D.B. Undecorated. Location: M.A.N. 27.3.1884, now missing. JESMOND (N) Ref: B.A. P., I, No. 159. Remarks: No details. Description: Bipartite bowl with a broad central groove and five unpierced stops. Size unknown. Decoration is entire and executed by twisted cord, in sloping and encircling lines, s eemingly alternating. Location: B.M., not seen by writer. KYLOE (N) Ref: H.B.N.C. 1925, p. 368-9. Remarks: No details. Description: Fragment only, thumb nail decoration. Location: Lost. KYLOE (N) Ref: H.B.N.C., 1925, p. 368-9. Remarks: No details. Description: Fragments only. Has short ribbed markings, some straight and some in the form of a horse-shoe (whipped cord maggots)? Location: Lost. KYLOE (N) Vessel No. 76 Ref: A.A. (4th ser. ), V (1928), p. 26£. Remarks: Found in a cist orientated N-S with charcoal and a jet necklace. Description: Tripartite bowl. 12.7 cm H.; 19.1 cm D.R.; 8. 3 cm D.B. Decorated on the bevel with vertical notches sticked impressions. On the body are roughly zoned oblique stabs formed by a rounded point. Location: M.A.N. 1927.138. LESBURY (N) Vessel No. 4 Ref: Unpublished. Remarks: Found in a cist with a beaker. 70

D escr ipt ion :

B ipar t i te v ase .

1 2.7 cm H .;

1 4 .7 cm D .R .;

6 . 4 cm D .B.

D ecora ted a l l o ver , i nc lud ing t he b eve l , w i th i nc ised h err ingbone .

P ink

f abr ic w i th b u f f p a tches . L oca t ion :

M. A. N . 1 850-16 .

LESBURY ( N ) Vesse l N o . 1 1 R ef :

Unpubl ished .

R e marks : N o d eta i ls . D escr ipt ion : B ipar t i te v ase .

7 .6 cm H .;

1 0 .4 cm D .R .;

5 .1 cm D .B .

R im b eve l d ecora ted w i th t hree e nc irc l ing l ines o f t w is ted c ord .

E x ter ior

d ecora ted w i th t wo e ncirc l ing t wis ted c ord l ines b e low t he l i p a nd t he s hou lder . B e tween t hese a re t hree r ows o f s lop ing wh ipped c ord maggo ts s epara ted b y s ing le e nc irc ling l ines o f t w is ted c ord .

B e low t he s hou lder a re t wo c o mp le te

l ines o f h err ingbone mo t i f f or med b y wh ipped c ord maggo ts .

Brown-grey

f abr ic . L oca tion :

A lnwick 1 880-22a .

LESBURY ( N ) R e f :

Vesse l N o . 5 8

Unpub l ished .

R e marks : N o d e ta i ls . D escr ipt ion : B ipar t i te v ase w i th s hou lder g roove . 9 cm D . B . maggo ts .

1 4 cm D .R .;

R im b eve l d ecora ted w i th v er t ica l t o s loping wh ipped c ord E x ter ior h as v er t ica l l ines o f h or izon ta l wh ipped c ord maggo ts

a ppl ied v ery r ough ly . L oca tion :

1 0 .3 cm H .;

V ery c oarsely l ev iga ted p ink f abr ic .

A lnw ick 1 880-22 .

L ILBURN H ILL ( N ) R e f :

H .B .N .C., 1 885-6 , p . 2 72 .

R e marks :

Three c is ts f ound , e ach w i th b ones a nd a n " urn" .

D escr ip t ion : L arges t : v ase s haped w i th c ord d ecora t ion 1 9.5 cm D .R . Midd le : U pper p ar ts d ecora ted w i th l ozenge p a t tern . 1 6.5 cm D .R . Sma l les t :

C up s haped w i th f inger n a i l i nden ta t ions .

L oca t ion :

L os t .

C . 6 .7 cm D .R .

LONGR IDGE TO WERS ( N ) R ef :

T .A .A .S . D. N ., I ( 1968 ) , p . 1 03 .

R e marks : F ound i n ac is t s unk i n to t he n a tura l s ur face , w i th a s econd v esse l ( see b e low ). D escr ipt ion :

B ipar t i te v ase .

1 0 .5 cm H .;

1 0 .6 cm D .R .;

D ecora t ion i s e n t ire ly o f n o tched s t ick t echn ique. t he f or m o f as hor t s loping l i nes

6 .3 cm D .B .

On t he b eve l t h is t akes

a nd s im i lar ly o n t he r i m mou ld ing .

B e low

t h is i s al ine o f s hor t v er t ica l impress ions . B e low t h is i s ac o mp le te l ine o f h err ingbone , a nd f ro m h ere t o n ear t he b ase t hree p a irs o f e ncirc l ing l ines a l terna te w i th t wo l ines o f s lop ing impress ions . L oca t ion :

L ongr idge Towers , B erw ick .

7 1

LONGR IDGE TO WERS ( N ) R e f :

T .A .A.S . D. N ., I ( 1 968 ) , p . 1 03 .

Re marks :

F ound i n ac is t w i th t he a bove .

Descr ip t ion :

B ipar t i te v ase .

1 8 cm H .;

1 5 .6 cm D .R .;

8 .1 cm D .B .

N o tched s t ick impress ions o n t he b eve l a nd o va l s tabs i n r ough ly v er t ica l l ines o n t he e x ter ior . L oca t ion :

L ongr idge T owers , B erw ick .

LO W ICK ( N ) R e f :

Vesse l N o . 1 3

A .A. ( 4 th s er .) , XLV I I , ( 1969 ) , p . 1 68 .

R e marks :

F ound i n ac is t w i th a s econd v esse l ( s ee b e low ).

Descr ip t ion :

B ipar t i te v ase .

1 1.5 cm H .;

1 4 cm D .R .;

6 .3 cm D .B.

U pper t hree q uar ters o f t he e x ter ior d ecora ted w i th s hor t l eng ths o f t w is ted c ord a rranged i n h err ingbone mo t i f . d ecora te t he b eve l . L oca t ion :

M. A .N . 1 964 .7.1.

LO W ICK ( N ) R e f :

Three e nc ircl ing l ines o f t w is ted c ord

L igh t b rown f abr ic w i th a d ark c ore .

Vesse l N o . 8

A .A. ( 4 th s er .) , XLVL I ( 1 969 ) , p . 1 70 .

R e marks :

F ound i n ac is t w i th t he o ne a bove .

Descr ip t ion :

B ipar t i te v ase .

E labora te ly d ecora ted . h err ingbone .

1 7 cm H .;

1 6 cm D .R .;

7 .5 cm D .B .

The b eve l i s t iered a nd h as t wo f u l l r ows o f i nc ised

The r i m mou lding h as a d eep g roove i n t he c en tre wh ich c on-

t a ins a r ow o f c ircu lar impress ions p erhaps made b y ah o l low r eed . r aised p or t ions a re d ecora ted w i th c ross-ha tched i nc is ion .

T he

The n eck h as

f ive s im i lar g rooves f i l led w i th t he s a me d ecora t ion a s t ha t o n t he r i m mou lding . The r ibs h ave i nc ised h err ingbone o r s i mp le s lop ing l ines . l ar ly d ecora ted e xcept t ha t t he g rooves a re v er t ica l . L oca t ion :

M. A .N . 1 964 .7.2.

MOOR LODGE ( N ) R e f :

Vesse l N o . 7 2

A .C. p . 1 0 , N o . 1 2 ;

R e marks :

p l . X .

F ound i n ac is t .

Descr ip t ion :

B ow l .

1 5 .3 cm H .;

1 7 .2 cm D .R .;

b eve l h as f our r ough ly s cored e nc ircl ing l ines . c overed w i th f i l led l ozenges .

R im

The r es t o f t he b ody i s

B u f f f abr ic .

A lnw ick

MURTON FAR M ( N ) R e f :

b ase miss ing .

B e low t he u ndecora ted r im

mou ld ing a re t hree n o tched s ta mp e nc irc l ing l i nes . L oca t ion :

The b e l ly i s s im i-

Dark b rown f abr ic .

Vesse l N o . 3 4 .

T .A. A.S . D. N ., I ( 1 968 ) , p . 1 05 .

R e marks :

F ound i n t he wes tern p ar t o f a mound 8 0 f t i n d ia me ter .

Associa ted

w i th a p igmy v esse l . D escr ip t ion :

B ipar t i te v ase w i th s hou lder g roove a nd f our u nper fora ted s tops .

1 4.1 cm H .;

1 5 cm D .R .;

6 .6 cm D . B.

The r im b eve l h as o ne a nd a h al f

l ines o f h err ingbone w i th o ne e nc irc l ing t w is ted c ord l ine b e low t he f irs t c o mp le te r ow . The e x ter ior i s d ecora ted a l l o ver w i th i nc ised h err ingbone . L oca t ion : M. A .N . 1 966 .4 . 7 2

NETHERTON (N) Ref: H.B.N.C. 1885-6, p. 302. Remarks: In cist with cremation. May possibly be an urn. No further details. Vessel now lost. NEWCASTLE (N) Vessel No. 70 Ref: Unpublished. Remarks: Found in Elswick Lane. Description: Bowl. 11 cm H. ; 12. 2 cmD.R.; 7 cm D. B. Decorated all over with notched stick impressions. There are short vertical impressions on the bevel, sloping and horizontal impressions on the rim moulding, and panels of variously positioned and sized impressions on the body. Buff fabric. Location: M.A.N. 1913.3a. NEWHAM (N) Vessel No. 32 Ref: A • C • p. 11 , No. 15. Remarks: Near to skull fragments in a grave beneath a tumulus. Description: Bipartite vase with shoulder groove and four unpierced stops. 12.7 cm H.; 7.6 cmD.R.; 5 cmD.B. Rim bevel decorated with three encircling lines of twisted cord impressions. Decorated from below the rim moulding to near the base with whipped cord maggots arranged in herringbone fashion. Reddish fabric. Location: Alnwick Castle. NEWHAM (N) Ref: A • C • , p. 11, No. 15. Remarks: As above. No further details. Now lost. NEWHAM (N) Details as above. PLESSAY MILL (N) Vessel No. 3 Ref: B.A.P., II, No. 493. Remarks: Found "with several other urns". No apparent mound. Contained a cremation and possibly a flint knife. Description: Bipartite vase. 11.2 cm H.; 9.9 cmD.R.; 5.6 cm D.B. Seems to be decorated all over with incised-herringbone or sloping lines. Location: B.M. Not seen by writer. PRUDHOE (N) Vessel No. 62 Ref: Unpublished. Remarks: Found at High Mickley. Description: Bipartite vase with two cavetto zones. 15.2 cm H.; 18.7 cm D .R.; 8.2 cm D. B. Three twisted cord encircling lines decorate the rim bevel. The exterior decoration is all over and consists, from top to bottom, of two encircling twisted cord lines,_ one complete line of incised herringbone, three cord lines, half a line of incised herringbone, three cord lines, the 73

s econd h a l f r ow o f h err ingbone , t hree t w is ted c ord l ines , o ne c o mp le te r ow o f h err ingbone , t wo t w is ted c ord l ines , o ne a nd a h a l f r ows o f h err ingbone i nc is ion , t wo c ord l ines a nd f ina l ly o ne r ow o f h err ingbone i ncis ion . Bu f f f abr ic w i th p ink p a tches a nd g rey-b lack c ore . L oca t ion :

S een o n l oan t o M . A. N . ,1 6. i .7 6.

REYHEUGH ( N ) R e f : B .B ., p . 4 15 . R e marks : B enea th a sma l l b arrow . Descr ip t ion :

Orna men ted w i th s ix e nc ircl ing b ands o f s hor t impress ions

i nc l in ing t o t he r igh t . L oca t ion :

L os t .

RODDA M ( N ) R e f :

Vesse l N o . 4 6

U npubl ished .

R e marks :

F ound i n a mound w i th a no ther " urn" , n ow l os t .

Descr ipt ion : cm H .;

B ipar t i te b ow l w i th a h igh c ave t to z one w i th f our s tops .

1 5 .3 cm D .R .;

8 cm D .B .

C o mbed h erringbone o n t he r im b eve l ,

s hor t h or izon ta l l eng ths o f c o mbing d ecora te t he r i m mou lding . z one a re t r iangu lar impress ions .

1 2 .5

I n t he c avet to

On t he b e l ly a re f i l led t r iang les o f c o mbing .

Be low t h is t o t he b ase a re e igh t e ncirc l ing l ines o f c o mbed impress ions . Bu f f f abr ic . L oca t ion :

M. A. N . 1 907.6.

RODDA M ( N ) R e f :

H .B .N . C. 1 929 , p . 1 88 .

R e marks :

F ound w i th a n i nhu ma t ion i n ac is t .

Descr ip tion : L oca t ion :

L os t .

RODDA M ( N ) R e f :

N o d eta i ls .

Vesse l N o . 3 9

U npubl ished .

R e marks :

I n ac a irn .

Descr ip t ion : s tops .

P oss ib ly a b ipar t i te v ase w i th s hou lder g rooves a nd u npierced

V ery f ragmen tary .

1 5 cm D .R .

D ecora ted w i th wh ipped c ord maggo ts

a rranged a l l o ver t he v esse l i n h err ingbone mo ti fs . z ones b ear e nc irc l ing l ines o f t w is ted c ord .

The r idges o f t he c ave t to

On t he b eve l i s ac o mp le te l ine

o f wh ipped c ord maggot h err ingbone b e tween t wo e nc irc l ing l ines o f t w is ted c ord . B rown f abr ic . ROTHBURY ( N ) R e f :

V esse l N o . 1 2

A .C. p . 1 1 , N o. 1 4.

R e marks :

No d e ta i ls .

D escr ip t ion :

B ipar t i te v ase .

1 6 cm H .;

1 6 cm D .R .

D ecora ted w i th

wh ipped c ord h err ingbone o n t he b eve l a nd t he e x ter ior t o t he s hou lder . t h is a re e nc irc l ing l ines o f v er t ica l c ord maggo ts . L oca t ion :

A lnw ick .

7 4

Brown-bu f f f abr ic .

B e low

ROTHBURY S . FOREST ( N ) V esse l N o . 1 9 R e f :

A .C ., p . 1 1 , N o . 1 7.

R e marks :

I n ac is t , a nd c on ta ined a c re ma t ion .

D escr ip t ion :

B ipar t i te b ow l .

1 0 .2 cm H .;

1 1.5 em D .R .;

7 .2 cm D .B .

D ecora ted o n t he b eve l w i th t wo e ncirc l ing t w is ted c ord l ines .

I n t he n eck

i s t w is ted c ord h urd l ing , a nd b e low t h is f or a d ep th o f 3 -4 ems , a re r ough ly e xecu ted t w is ted c ord c hevrons . L oca t ion :

A lnw ick .

S ATLEY ( D ) R e f :

P .S .A. N . ( 4 th s er .) , I X ( 1 936 ) , p . 2 26.

R e marks :

I n ae is t b enea th a b arrow .

D escr ipt ion :

N o d e ta i ls .

S EAHOUSES ( N ) R e f :

N ow l os t .

Vesse l N o . 2 6.

U npubl ished .

R e marks :

N o d eta i ls .

D escr ip t ion :

B ipar t i te v ase .

1 3 .7 cm H .;

1 1.5 cm D .R .;

6 .2 cm D .B .

D ecora ted o n t he b eve l , n eck a nd t woth irds o f t he b ody w i th r ough ly e xecu ted i nc ised h err ingbone . L oca t ion :

G rey-pink f abr ic .

M. A. N . 1 912.10 .

S I MONS IDE ( N ) R e f :

A .A . ( 2nd s er .) , XV ( 1892 ) , p . 2 7.

R e marks : F ound i n a sma l l c a irn , f rag men ts o f t wo sma l l v esse ls . D escr ip t ion : N o d e tai ls . N ow l os t . S I MONS IDE ( N ) R e f :

A .A . ( 2nd s er .) , XV ( 1892 ) , p . 2 8 .

R e marks : S pi ta l H i l l , s tand ing u pr igh t i n ac a irn , as econd v essel f ound 3f t S E o f t he c en tra l e is t , u pr igh t w i th a c re ma t ion . F ound i n ac irc le o f sma l l s tones a nd c overed b y as lab . D escr ipt ion :

B ipar t i te v ase .

1 4 cm H .;

1 2.1 cm D .R .;

8 cm D .B .

D ecora ted i n t he n eck w i th o ne a nd a h a l f l ines o f wh ipped c ord maggo t h err ingb one w i th a n e ncirc l ing wh ipped c ord b ase l ine . h and le i n t he n eck . Dark b rown f abr ic . L oca t ion :

M.A. N . 1 889.23 .1 .

S OUTH CHARLTON ( N ) R e f :

H as a t l eas t o ne p er fora ted

Vesse l N o . 8 4

A .A. ( 3rd s er .) , X IV ( 1 917 ) , p p . 1 30-132.

R e marks : F ound i n ap i t b enea th a c ircu lar b arrow , w i th a s econd v essel . Bo th p ro tec ted b y t wo s tones o n e dge . D escr ipt ion : F ragmen t o n ly . L oca t ion : L os t . S OUTH CHARLTON ( N ) R ef :

7 .7 cm D .B .

Vesse l N o . 4 8 .

A .A . ( 3rd s er .) , X IV ( 1 917 ) , p . 1 32. 7 5

S econd f rag men t 5 .2 cm D .B .

R e marks :

I n as econdary c is t o r ien ta ted N -S .

Wi th c harcoa l .

B eneath a

c ircu lar b arrow . Descr ipt ion : D .R .;

B ipar t i te v ase w i th s hou lder g roove .

5 .5 cm D . B.

h err ingbone .

Bu f f-p ink f abr ic .

V esse l N o . 8 0

A .A . ( 3rd s er .) , X IV ( 1 917 ) , p . 1 30 .

Re marks :

S econdary i n ter men t i n ab arrow , i n ap i t p ro tec ted b y t wo f la t

s tones s e t o n e dge . Descr ip t ion : Sma l l v esse l w i th a r o l led r im r a ther t han a c o l lar . H .;

The

A lnwiek .

S OUTH CHARLTON ( N ) R e f :

1 2 .4 cm

N ear t he b ase t h is c hanges t o v er t ica l ly i nc ised l ines .

c ave t to z one i s u ndecora ted . L oca t ion :

1 0 .5 cm H .;

D ecora ted o n t he b eve l a nd e x ter ior w i th f ine i nc ised

1 2 cm D .R .;

7 cm D .B .

1 2 .5 cm

Decora ted o n t he b ody w i th e nc irc l ing l ines

o f t wis ted c ord . L oca t ion :

A lnw ick .

S OUTH CHARLTON ( N ) Re f :

Vesse l N o . 4 4

A .C., p . 8 , p l . 8 .

Re marks :

F ound i n ac a irn , i n t he p r i mary a nd c en tra l c is t .

F ound i n t he

c en tre o f t he c is t a nd c on ta ined d us t a nd a shes . Descr ip t ion :

B ipar t i te v ase w i th s hou lder g roove a nd f ive o r s ix l ugs .

1 2.7 cm H .;

1 4 cm D .R .;

6 cm D .B .

a nd a h a l f r ows o f h err ingbone i nc is ion . s im i lar ly d ecora ted . c ord c hevrons . L oca t ion :

D ecora ted o n t he r im b eve l w i th o ne R i m mou ld ing t o c avet to z one i s

B e low t h is f or a d ep th o f C . 4 cm a re c oncen tr ic t wis ted

G rey-bu f f f abr ic .

A lnw iek .

S UNDERLAND ( D ) Re f :

B .B . 1 877 , p . 4 41 , V .C .H . I , p . 2 08 .

R e marks :

F ound i n ac is t b e low a s l igh t mound .

i nhu ma t ion .

C is t o r ien ta ted E -W .

A t h ead o f ac on trac ted ma le

A s econd v esse l i n t he e is t h e ld a c h i ld

c re ma t ion , a nd a f e ma le i nhuma t ion l ay 3 f tt o t he W. Descr ip t ion :

B ipar t i te v ase w i th s hou lder g roove a nd f ive u npierced l ugs .

1 2 .1 cm H .;

1 3 .4 cm D .R .;

6 .5 cm D .B .

B eve l a nd e x ter ior d ecora ted

w i th i nc ised h err ingbone . L oca t ion :

L os t .

S UNDERLAND ( D ) R e f :

B .B ., 1 877 , p . 4 41;

R e marks :

V .C. N . I . p . 2 08 .

F ound w i th t he a bove .

Descr ip t ion :

B ipar t i te v ase ( ?) .

H e ld a c h i ld c re ma t ion . 1 3 .4 cm H .;

1 3 .4 cm D .R .;

6 .6 cm D . B.

Three e nc irc l ing c ord l ines o n t he b eve l , o ne o n t he l i p , a nd e igh t e nc irc l ing l ines o n t he e x ter ior t o t he s hou lder . t he b ody , r ad ia t ing f ro m t he b ase . L oca tion :

Ver t ica l c ord l ines c over t he r es t o f

L os t .

7 6

T ITL INGTON MOUNT ( N ) Re f :

H .B .N .C ., 1 885-6 ,

R e marks :

F ound i n ac is t .

N o f ur ther d eta i ls . WARK ( N ) R e f :

3 13 .

P .

N ow l os t .

Vesse l N o . 6 3

B .A. P . I , N o . 1 80 .

R e marks : N o d e ta i ls . D escr ip t ion : T r ipar t i te v ase .

1 2 .7 cm H .;

1 2 .5 cm D .R .,

C . 6 .7 cm D .B .

R im b eve l a nd n eck d ecora ted w i th s hor t l eng ths o f t w is ted c ord a rranged i n h err ingbone f ash ion .

F ro m h ere t o a bou t h a l f way d own t he b e l ly a re e leven

e nc irc l ing l ines o f t w is ted c ord impress ions .

B e low t h is t o t he b ase a re

v er t ica l l i nes o f t he s a me t echn ique . L oca t ion :

B . M.

WARKWORTH ( N ) R e f :

N o t s een b y wr i ter . Vesse l N o . 4 0

A .C ., p . 9 , p l . 9 ;

H .B .N .C., 1 887-9 , p . 5 25 .

R e marks : F ound w i th a n i nhu ma t ion i n ac is t . C on ta ined a shes . Descr ip t ion : B ipar t i te v ase w i th s hou lder g roove a nd f our p ierced s tops . 1 4 cm H .;

1 7.9 cm D .R .;

1 0 cm D .B .

The b eve l h as t wo r ows o f i nc ised

h err ingbone i n terrupted b y t wo e nc irc l ing t wis ted c ord l ines . Ex ter ior d own t o t he b o t to m o f t he c ave t to z one d ecora ted w i th i ncised h err ingbone . B elow t h is i s o ne l ine o f s loping i nc is ions , t hree r ough ly e xecu ted e ncirc l ing l ines o f t w is ted c ord , s loping impress ions ( one l ine ) , t wo e ncirc l ing t w is ted c ord l ines , o ne l ine o f s loping i nc is ions , f our e nc irc l ing c ord l ines , o ne l ine o f s lop ing i nc is ion , t wo e nc irc l ing c ord l ines a nd a f ina l r ow o f s loping i nc is ions . S o me i ncis ions s ee m t o b e c u t b y f inger n a i l impress ions . L oca t ion :

A lnw ick C as t le .

WEST HALLINGTON ( N ) R e f :

P .S .A. N . ( 2nd s er .) ,

R e marks :

I ( 1886 ) , p . 3 37-8 .

F ound a t C o lwe l l , i n ac is t .

Descr ip t ion : D .R .;

Vesse l N o . 5 1

B ipar t i te v ase w i th s hou lder g roove .

7 .7 cm D .B.

1 2 .7 cm H .;

1 4 .3 cm D .R .

Decora ted o n t he b eve l a nd t wo-th irds o f t he e x ter ior

w i th i nc ised h err ingbone .

B e low t h is a re t wo r ows o f v er t ica l i nc is ions .

P ink f abr ic w i th b u f f p a tches . L oca t ion :

M. A. N . 1 886.21.

WEST L ILBURN ( N ) R e f :

Vesse l N o . 2 4

A .A. ( 4 th s er .) , XXX IX ( 1961 ) , p . 3 73.

R e marks :

F ound i n ac is t w i th s ca t tered f l in ts i n t he a rea .

Descr ip t ion :

B ipar t i te v ase . 1 3 .7 cm H .;

1 6 .8 cm D .R .;

Three e nc irc l ing t wis ted c ord l ines o n t he b eve l .

9 cm D .B.

On t he e x ter ior a re s even

e nc ircl ing t w is ted c ord l ines a t t he t op , t hen t wo r ows o f o b l ique s tabs e xec u ted w i th a r ounded p oin t , t hen f ive e ncirc l ing c ord l ines , t wo r ows o f s im i lar impress ions , t hen t he c ord l ines a nd impress ions r epea ted . t h is t o t he b ase a re v er t ica l t w is ted c ord impress ions . c ore . L oca t ion :

Pr iva te p ossess ion . 7 7

B elow

G rey f abr ic w i th r ed

WEST L ILBURN ( N ) R e f :

A .A. ( 4 th s er .) , XX IX ( 1 961 ) , p . 3 77.

R e marks :

F ound i n ac is t .

Descr ip t ion :

B ow l .

1 4 cm D .R .

R im s herd o n ly .

Decora t ion e xecu ted b y

d eep s cor ings i n h or izon ta l a nd s loping l ines . L oca t ion :

Unknown .

UNKNO WN R e f :

p robably N or thu mber land

U npubl ished .

R e marks :

N o d eta i ls .

Descr ip t ion :

B ipar t i te v ase w i th s hou lder c ave t to z one .

miss ing .

Decora ted a l l o ver w i th i nc ised h err ingbone .

L oca t ion :

M.A. N . 1 956 , 1 88a .

1 4 .5 cm D .R . b ase

UNKNO WN ( N?) R e f :

Unpubl ished .

Re marks :

N o d e ta i ls .

Descr ip t ion :

P oss ibly b ipar ti te v ase w i th s hou lder g roove .

R im s herd o n ly .

Decora ted a l l o ver w i th s tabs a nd e nc irc l ing l ines o f t wis ted

c ord . L oca t ion :

1 2 .8 cm D .R .

M . A. N . 1 956.1881.

7 8

CATALOGUE OF FOOD VESSEL URNS

ALN W ICK ( N ) Re f :

Vessel N o . 8 9

Unpubl ished .

R e marks : N o d e ta i ls . Descr ipt ion : B ipar t i te , p oss ibly w i th a s hou lder c avet to z one. R im s herd o n ly. c ord maggots . Loca t ion :

2 8 cm D .R .

Decorated o n t he b evel a nd t he e x ter ior w i th v er t ica l t wis ted G rey f abr ic .

B . M. 7 9.

1 2.9.1768 .

AMBLE ( N ) R e f : H .B. N .C., 1 882-4 , p . 5 29-30 . Re marks : I n ac is t w i th a n i nhu ma t ion c on tain ing d ark e ar th . Descr ipt ion :

T ype u nknown .

2 0 .4 cm H .;

1 4 cm D .R .

Z ig-zag s cor ings

a l terna te w i th d ot ted l ines , a nd u pr igh t a nd s o met i mes s loping s cor ings , wh ich a ppear t o h ave b een made b y s o me r ude i ns tru men t .

S cor ings c on t inue o ver

t he e dge o f t he r im . L ocat ion :

Lost .

AMBLE ( N ) R e f :

H .B. N .C., 1 882-4 , p . 5 26.

Re marks :

F ound i n ac a irn w i th a c re ma t ion .

Descr ipt ion : o n ly.

B ipar t i te w i th s hou lder c avet to z one.

2 6.1 cm D .R . r im s herd

D ecorated o n t he b evel a nd t he e x ter ior w i th wh ipped c ord maggots

a rranged i n h err ingbone f ash ion . Loca t ion :

Los t .

BARRASFORD ( N ) R e f :

Vessel N o . 1 05

A .C . p . 6 7, p l . XX i i , N o. 5 .

R e marks :

F ound b eneath a b arrow w i th a c re ma tion .

Descr ipt ion :

R im f rag men t o n ly b u t w i th a t l eas t t wo c avet to z ones w i th c .

6a ppl ied s tops i n e ach . wh ipped c ord maggots . Locat ion :

A lnw ick .

BE WICK MOOR ( N ) R e f :

Decora ted a l l o ver i nc luding t he b eve l , w i th s ho r t C oarse p ink f abr ic.

V esse l N o. 1 16

B .B . CCI , p . 4 21.

R e marks :

I n ac a irn e nc losed b y ac irc le o f s tones .

NE-SW , w i th a f l in t k n i fe a nd c harcoa l .

I n ac is t o r ien tated

F lin t k n i fe i s o blong w i th r ounded

c orners , a nd measures 2 21 i n x13 /8 i n . Descr ip t ion : Sma l l r im f rag men t . I ncised h err ingbone d ecorat ion o n t he b evel a nd i ncised l ines o n t he e x ter ior . Dark b rown f abr ic. L oca t ion :

B . M. 7 9.12-9 1 951. 7 9

BOLDON (WEST) (D) Vessel No. 115 Ref: Unpublished. Remarks: No details. Description: Fragment only . Bears oval impressions arranged herringbone fashion. Pink fabric. Location: Sunderland. BROOMHILL (N) Vessel No. 113 Ref: B. B. CLXXVII, p. 409 Remarks: One of six urns found around the primary cist beneath a barrow/ cairn. All contained cremations. Mouth was sealed with a clay plug. Description: 28 cm D.R. rim fragment only. Rim moulding has one and a half rows of incised herringbone. Grey -brown fabric. Location: B. M. 79.12-9. 1409. BROOMHOUSES (N) Vessel No. 99 Ref: B. B. CCXIV, p. 437. Remarks: Found in a barrow, inverted over a cremation, associated with a flint knife of square form. Above the vessel was a whinstone boulder packed around by small stones. Description: Bipartite with a shoulder cavetto zone. 24.2 cm H.; 20.3 cm D.R.; 11.5 cm D. B. Rim bevel decorated with twisted cord hurdling which also occurs in the neck. On the rim moulding are short sloping lengths of twisted cord. In the shoulder groove and for£· 3-4 cm on the belly are rows of twisted cord herringbone. Vary ing lengths of twisted cord on the belly form rough filled triangles. Reddish brown fabric. Location: B. M. 79 .12-9.1468. BROOMHOUSES (N) Vessel No. 109 Ref: B. B. CCXIV, p. 438. Remarks: Inverted over a cremation in a barrow. Covered by a whinstone boulder. Description: Encrusted Urn. 38. 3 cm H.; 33.1 cm D.R.; 10 cm D. B. Bevel and rim moulding decorated with whipped cord maggots arranged in herringbone fashion, one and a half rows on the bevel and half a row on the rim moulding. In the neck and on the relief decoration are short incisions with some attempt to arrange them herringbone fashion. Beneath the shoulder is one row of incised herringbone and beneath this are incised chevrons and intersecting lines. Pink-buff fabric. Location: B. M. 79. 12-9.1467. CATCHERSIDE (N) Vessel No. 86 Ref: B.B., CCXI, p. 343. Remarks: Found in a cairn, enclosed by a circle of stones. 9 ft E of centre, in a hollow 14 in below the surface. Inverted and covered by a large stone. With a cremation. Possibly primary.

80

CATCHERSIDE ( N ) Descr ip t ion :

Vesse l N o . 8 6 c on t inued ..

B ipar t i te .

3 6.6 cm H .;

3 2.5 cm D .R .;

9 . cm D .B .

B eve l

d ecora ted w i th t wo e nc irc l ing l ines o f t wis ted c ord impress ions a nd t he r im mou ld ing h as o ne l ine o f t he s a me t echn ique .

I n t he n eck a nd b e low t he

s hou lder a re t wo e nc irc l ing l ines o f c ircu lar s tabs . L oca t ion :

B .M . 7 9

1 2-9.1463 .

CHATTON S ANDYFORD ( N ) R e f :

R ed-brown f abr ic .

Vesse l N o . 9 6

A .A. ( 4 th s er .) , XLV I ( 1 968 ) , p . 5 f f .

R e marks :

I n ac a irn s urrounded b y as tone r ing .

Assoc ia ted w i th a c up- marked s tone. D escr ip t ion :

B ipar t i te w i th s hou lder c ave t to z one .

r econs truc tab le o n ly t o s hou lder .

2 0 .4 cm D .R ., f rag men ts

D ecora ted t o s hou lder w i th i nc ised h err ing-

b one n ea t ly e xecu ted i nclud ing b eve l . L oca t ion :

I nver ted o ver a c re ma tion .

S econdary .

D ark b rown f abr ic .

N ewcas t le Un ivers i ty D epar t men t o f Archaeo logy p os t g radua te

t each ing c o l lec t ion . EDLINGHA M ( N ) R e f :

Vesse l N o . 1 02

A .A . ( 5 th s er .) , I V ( 1 976 ) , p . l lf f .

R e marks :

F ound a t C orby C rags r ock s he l ter c e me tery , w i th a c ap-s tone

a nd w i th a c re ma t ion . Descr ip t ion :

P oss ib ly b ipar t i te w i th C . 1 0 s tops i n t he c oncave n eck .

R im

b eve l d ecora ted w i th t hree e nc irc l ing l ines o f t wis ted c ord impress ion . I rregu lar t w is ted c ord impress ions d ecora te t he n eck t o j us t b e low t he s hou lder . L oca t ion :

M.A. N . 1 975 .9.

FARNHA M ( N ) R e f :

Vesse l N o . 8 7

U npub l ished .

R e marks : d ia me ter .

C on ta ined a c re ma t ion a nd was c overed b y af la t s tone c . 2 0 cm

Descr ipt ion :

B ipar t i te w i th e x tre me ly s harp s hou lder .

D .R ., 9 cm D .B .

2 4 cm H .;

2 0 cm

S hor t h or izon ta l l eng ths o f t w is ted c ord impress ions .

S hor t s lop ing t w is ted c ord maggo ts d ecora te t he r i m mou ld ing , a nd s im i lar l eng ths i n r egu lar v er t ica l a nd h or izon ta l r ows d ecora te t he e x ter ior t o c .. f ro m t he b ase .

The r es t i s p la in .

L oca t ion :

B .M . 7 9 .12-9. 1 762 .

FORD ( N )

Vesse l N o . 1 12

R e f :

L igh t b rown f abr ic .

B .B . p . 4 38 ( no te ).

R e marks :

N o d eta i ls .

Descr ip t ion :

Encrus ted u rn w i th s hou lder g roove .

2 7 cm H .;

2 7 cm D .R .

R im b evel h as f i ve r ough ly e xecu ted e ncirc l ing c ord l ines .

Three s im i lar l ines o f t w is ted c ord d ecora te t he r i m mou ld ing .

( as r es tored ) S hor t l eng ths

o f t he s a me f i l l t he c hevrons t ha t r esu l t f ro m t he r e l ie f d ecora t ion , a nd i n p laces e x tend i n to t he s hou lder g roove . L oca t ion : B .M . 7 9.12-9 . 1 739 .

8 1

B rown-black f abr ic .

GOATSCRAG ( N ) R e f :

Vesse l N o . 1 10

A .A . ( 4 th s er .) , L ( 1 972 ) ,

R e marks :

F ound i n ar ock s he l ter c e me tery .

a nd 1 8 cm d eep . Descr ip t ion : H .;

1 8 f .

P .

Wi th a ma le c re ma t ion .

I nver ted i n ap i t 3 8 cm d ia me ter

U rn b roken a t t he t ime o f d epos i t ion .

B ipar t i te , w i th a rcad ing i n t he l ower p ar t o f t he n eck .

3 3 .5 cm D .R ., 1 2 cm D .B .

3 7 cm

E igh t t w is ted c ord e nc irc l ing l i nes d ecora te

t he b eve l a nd s loping t w is ted c ord maggo ts o ccupy t he r i m mou ld ing .

I n t he

u pper p ar t o f t he n eck c oncen tr ic f la t tened s em i-circ les o f t w is ted c ord h ang f ro m t he r i m mou ld ing . I n t he l ower h a l f i s r a ised a rcad ing a ccen tua ted b y t w is ted c ord impress ions a nd f i l led w i th a v ar ie ty o f t w is ted c ord i mpress ions e i ther h err ingbone , c oncen tr ic s em i-c irc les o r h or izon ta l l ines . i ncis ions o ccupy t he u pper p ar t o f t he b e l ly . L oca t ion :

M.A. N . 1 969 .19 .

GOATSC RAG ( N ) R e f :

S lop ing

L igh t b rown f abr ic .

Vesse l N o . 1 03

A .A . ( 4 th s er .) , L ( 1972 ) , p . 2 8 f .

Re marks :

F ound i nver ted i n ar ock s he l ter c e me tery , c overed b y as tone

s lab w i th a p rops tone .

N o s ign o f ap i t .

C on ta ined t he c re ma ted r e ma ins

o f a wo man a nd c h i ld . Descr ip t ion :

B ipar t i te w i th t wo c ave t to z ones i n t he c oncave n eck .

p ierced l ugs i n e ach c ave t to z one o f fs e t t . D .B .

3 7 cm H .;

S ix u n-

3 3 cm D .R .;

1 2 cm

B evel d ecorated w i th wh ipped c ord maggo t h err ingbone mot i f , a nd

s lop ing wh ipped c ord maggo ts o ccupy t he r i m mou ld ing a nd im med ia te ly b e low i t .

Two r ows o f v er t ica l maggo ts o ccupy e ach c ave t to z one a nd s loping mag-

g o ts d ecora te t he s tops . On t he u pper p ar t o f t he b e l ly , maggots f or m o ne r ow o f h err ingbone , a nd o ne r ow o f v er t ica l i mpress ions . L igh t b rown-buf f f abr ic . L oca t ion :

M .A . N . 1 969 .2 0 .

GREAT TOSSON ( N ) R ef :

Vesse l N o . 9 8

B .B ., p . 4 31-2.

R e marks :

P .S .A.S ., I V ( 1860-62 ) , p . 5 8 .

F ound i n o ne o f f our c is ts w i th a j e t b u t ton a nd a n a n t ler .

Wi th

ac rouched i nhu ma tion , a nd b enea th a b arrow . Descr ip t ion : D .R .;

B ipar t i te w i th s hou lder c ave t to z one .

9 cm D .B .

2 1.4 cm H .;

1 9 .8 cm

F our e nc irc l ing t w is ted c ord l ines d ecora te t he b evel .

S lop ing s hor t l eng ths o f t he s a me o ccupy t he r i m mou ld ing , a nd b e low t h is t hree l ines o f h err ingbone e x tend d own o ver t he c ave t to z one t o j us t b e low t he s hou lder . L oca t ion :

L igh t b rown f abr ic .

B .M . 7 9.12-9 , 1 458 .

GREEN LEIGHTON ( N ) R e f :

Vesse l N o . 9 4

B .B . , CCX I I , p . 4 34 .

R e marks :

9 1 - f t SW o f t he c en tre o f t he b arrow , o n t he l imes tone r ock .

N o a ssoc ia ted b ur ia l . D escr ip t ion : 8 .5 cm D .B .

B ipar t i te w i th s hou lder g roove.

2 5 .6 cm H .;

2 2.3 cm D .H . ;

D ecora ted o n t he b eve l w i th t wo r ows o f t r iangu lar s tabs .

S im i lar a ppear o n t he r i m mou ld ing , t he n eck a nd t he c en tre o f t he s hou lder g roove .

Above a nd b e low e ach mou ld ing o f t he c ave t to z one a re r a ther

n ea ter l ines o f s tab a nd d rag t echn ique . L oca t ion :

B . M .

7 9.12-9 .1465 . 8 2

L igh t b rown f abr ic .

HASTING H ILL ( D ) Re f :

Vessel N o . 9 3

A .A . ( 3rd s er .) , X I ( 1914 ) ,

R e marks :

P .

1 43 .

N ear SW e dge o f ac ircu lar b arrow .

o n ab ed o f p repared g ravel .

S econdary i n ter men t r es ted

I nver ted o ver a c re ma t ion .

P rotected b y a

c as ing o f f la t s tones . Descr ipt ion : D .R .;

B ipar t i te w i th s hou lder c avet to z one.

1 1.2 cm D .B .

3 0 .6 cm H .;

2 6.5 cm

Decora ted o n t he b eve l w i th n ea t ly e xecu ted s tab a nd

d rag marks a rranged i n h err ingbone f ash ion .

One r ow o f s im i lar marks

o ccupy t he r i m mou ld ing , a nd t here i s o ne r ow a bove a nd b elow b oth r idges o f t he c avet to z one. L oca t ion :

S under land .

H IGH BUSTON ( N ) R ef :

B uf f f abr ic .

V essel N o . 9 7

A .A . ( 4 th s er .) , XXV ( 1 957 ) , p . 2 69.

R e marks :

One o f f our v essels f ound o n a nd a round a smal l c is t ( see F ood

Vessels Descr ipt ion :

B ipar t i te w i th s hou lder g roove.

2 5 .5 cm D .R .;

b ase miss ing .

Decora ted t o c . 5 cm b elow t he c avet to z one w i th r ough ly e xecu ted h err ingbone f or med f ro m wh ipped c ord maggots .

B e low t h is a re c rude s loping i ncis ions .

Two r ows o f h err ingbone o ccupy t he r im b eve l . L oca t ion :

N ewcas t le Un ivers i ty , Depar t men t o f Archaeology.

H IGH BUSTON ( N ) R ef :

L igh t b rown f abr ic .

V essel N o . 1 06

A .A . ( 4 th s er .) , ) CXXV ( 1957) , p . 2 69.

R e marks :

One o f f our v essels o n a nd a round a sma l l c is t .

Descr ipt ion :

B ipar t i te w i th t hree c ave t to z ones b etween r i m mou ld ing a nd

s hou lder , e ach w i th a pp l ied s tops .

2 7.5 cm D .R . b ase miss ing .

Three

e ncirc l ing t wis ted c ord l ines d ecora te t he b evel a nd t wo e ncircl ing l ines o f p la i ted c ord o ccupy t he u pper mos t c avet to z one.

E lsewhere t he d ecora t ion

i s r ough ly e xecu ted h err ingbone f or med f ro m wh ipped c ord maggots , o ften w i th f inger n ai l impress ions a cross t he t op. L oca t ion :

N ewcas t le Un ivers i ty , Depar t men t o f Archaeology.

HOUGHTON LE S PR ING ( D ) R ef :

Dark b rown f abr ic .

B .A. P ., I ,

P .

Vessel N o . 9 2

5 3 , N o. 4 84 .

A .A . ( 3rd s er .) , X I ( 1914 ) , p . 1 19f .

V .C. H ., I , p . 2 07. R e marks : F ound w i th a c re mat ion a nd p rotec ted b y f la t s tones . i n ter men t i n aN eo li th ic r ound mound . Descr ipt ion :

B ipar t i te w i th s hou lder g roove.

1 1 cm D .B .

D ecora t ion i s a l l b y f ine i ncis ion a nd d oes n o t e x tend b elow t he

s hou lder g roove .

3 3 .8 cm H .;

S econdary

2 6.5 cm D .R . ;

On t he b eve l a re o ne a nd a h a l f l ines o f h err ingbone ,

s lop ing l i nes o ccupy t he r i m mou ld ing , a nd t he s hou lder g roove. a re o ne a nd a h a l f l ines o f h err ingbone . L oca t ion :

B . M . 9 0.11-11.1.

8 3

Bu ff f abr ic.

I n t he n eck

HU MBLEDON H ILL ( D ) R e f :

V esse l N o . 9 1

V. C. H ., I , p . 2 08 .;

R e marks :

B .B . p . 4 41.

No d eta i ls .

Descr ipt ion :

B ipar t i te w i th s hou lder g roove .

1 5 cm D .B .

R im b eve l d ecora ted w i th o ne a nd h a l f r ows o f i nc ised h err ing-

b one .

3 7 cm H .;

3 0 .5 cm D .R .;

F ro m r i m mou ld ing t o c . 5 cm b e low t he s hou lder t he d ecora t ion i s

h err ingbone i n t he s tab a nd d rag t echn ique .

L igh t b rown f abr ic w i th p ink

p a tches . L oca t ion :

S under land .

HUMBLEDON H ILL ( D ) R e f :

V .C. H ., I , p . 2 98 ;

R e marks :

V esse l N o . 1 07 B .B . p . 4 41.

Found 4 f tb e low t he s ur face , a nd c on tained c re ma t ion .

Descr ip t ion :

Encrus ted u rn .

3 5 .7 cm H .;

3 3 .1 cm D .R . ; 1 3 cm D .B .

Horse-shoe s haped impress ions d ecora te t he b eve l , w i th a n e nc irc l ing l ine o f t w is ted c ord o n t he l i p , a nd o n t he r i m mou ld ing .

The b ase o f t he r im

mou ld ing h as a s ca l loped e f fec t b y t he a pp l ica t ion o f c lay p e l le ts . t h is i s ac ave t to z one o ccup ied b y wh ipped c ord maggo ts .

B e low

A s econd c avet to

z one b e low t h is h o lds t he a pp l ied c hevrons , t he r esu l t ing t r iangu lar s paces b e ing f i l led w i th i ncis ion .

B e low t h is a t h ird c avet to z one f or ms a s hou lder

g roove f i l led w i th h orse-shoe impress ions a s o n t he b eve l .

L igh t b rown-

p ink f abr ic w i th b lack i n ter ior . L oca t ion :

S under land .

LO WSTEAD FARM ( N ) R e f :

A . C ., p . 1 1, N o . 1 3 , p l . V I I I .

R e marks :

" Sa id t o h ave h ad when d iscovered a c over much o rna men ted" .

Descr ip t ion :

B ase a nd l ower wa l l o n ly .

Decora ted w i th r ows o f ?h ooped

impress ions . L oca t ion :

A lnw ick .

ROSEBOROUGH ( N ) R e f :

N o t s een b y wr i ter . Vesse l N o . 9 0

B .B ., CXCVI I , p . 4 15 ;

R e marks :

B .A.P . I , 1 20 .

S econdary b ur ia l i n t he c en tre o f ab arrow .

I nver ted o n t he p r i-

mary c is t c over o ver t he c re ma ted r e ma ins o f a man a nd a wo man .

Wi th a

f l in t a r ti fact l e i n l ong b y 1 1 i n w ide . D escr ip t ion :

Encrus ted U rn .

3 8 .2 cm H .;

3 1.9 cm D .R .;

1 0 .2 cm D .B .

R im b eve l d ecora ted b y wha t a ppears t o b e o ne a nd a h a l f r ows o f i nc ised h err ingbone w i th a g roove b e low t he c o mp le te l ine . The g roove s ee ms t o h ave c ircu lar i mpress ions i n i t , a nd t wo s im i lar f ea tures a ppear o n t he r im mou ld ing w i th s loping i nc is ion b etween t he m .

I n t he n eck a re r ough ly i nc ised

f i l led t r iang les o r c hevrons a nd t he b e l ly i s c overed w i th i nc ised f i l led t r ia ng les .

The b o t to m o f t he r i m mou ld ing a nd t he s hou lder a re d ecora ted w i th

a pp l ied p e l le ts o f c lay w i th v er t ica l i nc ised l i nes o n t he m . L oca t ion :

B . M.

N o t s een b y wr i ter .

8 4

RYTON ON TYNE ( D ) R e f :

V esse l N o . 1 08

A .A . ( 4 th s er .) , V I ( 1929 ) ,

P .

1 97

R e marks : F ound i n t he s and p i t . D escr ip t ion : Encrus ted U rn . 3 3 .2 cm H .;

2 9.3 cm D .R . ; 1 0 .6 cm D .B .

One a nd a h al f r ows o f i nc ised h err ingbone d ecora te t he b eve l , w i th a r ow o f a l mos t c ircu lar s tabs b etween e ach h a l f r ow . a l mos t v er t ica l wh ipped c ord maggo ts .

The r i m mou ld ing h as f ine

B e low t h is i s as ha l low g roove c on-

t a in ing s loping i nc is ions wh ich f or m a l ine o f h err ingbone w i th t he i nc is ions i n t he n eck b e low .

R ows o f v er t ica l i nc is ion f i l l t he t r iang les b e tween t he

a ppl ied c hevrons t he c res ts o f wh ich a re a ccen tua ted w i th t ransverse i nc is ions .

B e low t he s hou lder a re s ix we l l f or med h or izon ta l g rooves a nd b elow

t h is t hree r ows o f v ert ica l i nc is ions a l terna te w i th t wo r ows o f a l mos t c irc u lar s tabs .

F ina l ly o ne r ow o f sma l l i nc ised c hevrons , a nd o ne r ow o f

l arger c hevrons c o mp le tes t he d ecora t ion . L oca t ion :

S CRE MERSTON H ILL ( N ) R e f :

L igh t b rown f abr ic .

M. A. N . 1 929 .17. Vesse l N o . 1 14.

A .A . ( 4 th s er .) , XL ( 1 962 ) , p . 2 80

R e marks :

N o d e ta i ls .

D escr ip t ion :

R im s herd o n ly .

D ecora ted o n t he b eve l w i th a r ow o f h em is-

p her ica l d epress ions b e tween e nc irc l ing l ines o f t wis ted c ord .

On t he

e x ter ior o ne e nc irc l ing l ine o f t w is ted c ord d e f ines t he r i m mou ld ing , a nd b elow t h is wh ipped c ord maggo ts a re a rranged i n h err ingbone .

Med iu m

B rown f abr ic . L oca t ion :

E d inburgh .

N a t iona l Museu m o f An t iqu i t ies o f S co t land , EB39 .

S OUTH CHARLTON ( N ) R e f :

A .A . ( 3rd s er .) , X IV ( 1 917) , p . 1 28 .

R e marks :

S econdary i n ter men t i n ab arrow , i nver ted o ver a c re ma t ion .

D escr ip t ion :

3 1.9 cm H .;

2 5 .5 cm D .R .

Twis ted c ord d ecora t ion o n t he

e x terna l s ur face . L oca t ion :

L os t .

S P INDLESTON ( N ) R e f :

Vesse l N o . 9 5

Unpub l ished .

R e marks :

F ound p oss ibly w i th a n i ncense c up .

Descr ip t ion :

P robab ly a b ipar t i te u rn w i th a s hou lder g roove.

D ecora tion i s a l l i nc ised h err ingbone .

3 0 cm D .R .;

One a nd a h a l f r ows o ccupy t he b eve l ,

a nd o n t he e x ter ior t he d ecora t ion e x tends o n ly t o t he s hou lder g roove . Brown f abr ic . L oca tion :

B .M . 7 9.12-9.1774 .

TR IMDON GRANGE ( D )

Vesse l N o . 8 8

R e f : B .B ., p . 4 42 ; V .C. H ., I , p . 2 07. R e marks : I n ab arrow . D escr ipt ion : 5 cm D . R .

Appears t o b e ab ipar t i te u rn w i th a p ronounced s hou lder 2 7. D ecora ted o n t he b eve l a nd e x ter ior w i th wh ipped c ord maggo ts

i n h err ingbone a rrange men t . L oca t ion :

B . M.

B rown t o b lack f abr ic .

7 9.12-9 .1733 . 8 5

WH ICKHA M ( D )

Vesse l N o . 1 00

R e f : Unpub l ished . R e marks : Wash ing We l l f ar m .

C on ta ined c re ma t ion a nd h ad a s tone o ver

t he mou th . Descr ip t ion :

B ipar t i te w i th s hou lder g roove a nd a pp l ied s tops .

mos t i s miss ing .

F ive e nc irc l ing c ord l ines d ecora te t he b eve l .

3 0 cm D .R ., E x ter ior

t o c . 6 cm b e low t he s hou lder i s d ecora ted w i th t w is ted c ord maggo ts a rranged i n h err ingbone f ash ion . c ave t to z one. L oca t ion :

S under land .

UNKNO WN ( ?N ) R e f :

Vesse l N o . 1 01

Unpub l ished .

R e marks :

N o d eta i ls .

Descr ip t ion : D .R .

An e ncirc l ing t wis ted c ord l ine r uns r ound i n t he

P ink f abr ic .

B ipar t i te w i th s hou lder g roove ( s ) a nd a pp l ied s tops .

3 7 cm

F our r ows o f c ircu lar s tabs d ecora te t he b eve l a nd t wo r ows o f t he

s a me o ccupy t he r i m mou ld ing . S im i lar s tabs a ccen tua te t he r idges o f t he c ave t to z one . I n t he n eck a re s loping i ncis ions . G rey-bu f f f abr ic. L oca t ion :

B .M . 7 9.12-9.

1 769 .

UNKNO WN ( ?N ) Re f :

Unpubl ished .

R e marks :

N o d e ta i ls .

L oca t ion :

B .M. 7 9.12-9 .

8 6

CATALOGUE OF M IN IATURE URNS

BROOM HOUSE FARM ( N ) R e f :

Vesse l N o . 1 27

U npubl ished .

R e marks : N o d eta i ls . Descr ip t ion : C o l lared u rn w i th c ave t to z one b enea th t he c ol lar . 1 4 cm H .; 9 .5 cm D .R .; 5 .5 cm D .B . D ecora ted o n t he b eve l , t he c ol lar a nd t he c ave t to z one w i th i rregu lar s tabs f ro m a t r iangu lar p oin t . L oca t ion :

A lnwick 1 880-21a .

ETAL MOOR ( N ) R e f :

Vesse l N o . 1 20

B .B ., CLXXXIV , p . 4 04 ;

R e marks :

B .A .P., I , 1 16a .

I n ap i t b enea th a b arrow , b e tween t he o ne a bove a nd a f la t s tone .

S econdary d epos i t . Descr ip t ion :

U pr igh t a nd emp ty .

C o l lared u rn .

1 8 cm H .;

1 2 cm D .R .;

o n t he f la t r im w i th a s ing le e ncirc l ing c ord l ine . c ord f i l led t r iang les . c ord .

7 cm D .B .

D ecora ted

On t he c o l lar a re t wis ted

B enea th t he r im a re s hor t v er t ica l l eng ths o f t wis ted

B rown f abr ic w i th p ink p a tches .

L oca t ion :

B . M . 7 9.12-9 .1382.

HOLLYSTONE CO MMON ( N ) R e f :

P ink-brown f abr ic .

Vesse l N o . 1 24

B .B ., CCV , p . 4 28 .

R e marks :

S econdary i n termen t i n ac a irn .

C on tained c harcoa l a nd a sma l ler

v esse l ( see b elow ). Descr ip t ion : 8 cm D .B .

C o l lared u rn w i th a b u lbous b ody.

1 4.5 cm H .;

1 1 cm D .R .,

D ecora ted o n t he c o l lar w i th t wo e nc irc l ing l ines o f p la i ted c ord

b etween wh ich a re s loping l ines o f t he s a me t echn ique .

The u pper h al f o f

t he b ody h as s im i lar e nc irc l ing l ines w i th t wis ted c ord b e tween t he m f or m ing an e t t ing p a t tern . L oca t ion :

B rown-b lack f abr ic .

B .M . 7 9.12-9.1446.

HOLLYSTONE CO M MON ( N ) R e f :

B .B ., CCV , p . 4 28 .

R e marks :

F ound i ns ide t he o ne a bove .

Descr ip t ion :

C o l lared u rn .

8 .7 cm H .;

7 .3 cm D .R . ; 5 .2 cm D .B .

C o l lar a nd b ody f or c . 2 cm b e low t he c o l lar , a re d ecora ted w i th v er t ica l l ines o f ?t wis ted c ord , t he l ower s er ies o f wh ich a re e dged a t t he b o t to m w i th a n e ncirc ling c ord l ine . L oca t ion :

B . M.

N o t s een b y wr i ter .

8 7

HOLLYSTONE CO M MON ( N ) R e f : B .B ., CCV , p . 4 28 . R e marks : P r i mary b ur ia l i n t he c en tre o f ac a irn .

On t he n a tura l s ur face .

Wi th a n a du l t c re ma t ion . la in . S l igh t i nd i1 0 .5 cm H .; 1 1 cm D .R . ; 7 cm D . B. P he p lace where t he c a t ion o f ar i m made b y t he c on trac t ing o f t he u rn a t t D escr ipt ion :

b o t to m o f ar i m wou ld o rd inar i ly h ave b een . L oca t ion :

L os t .

HO W ICK HEUGH ( N )

Vesse l N o . 1 25

R e f : A .A . ( 5 th s er .) , I I ( 1 975 ) , p . l f f . R e marks : F ound b enea th a c a irn w i th t he c re ma ted r e ma ins o f aw o man a nd a n i n fan t .

The c re ma t ions were p laced i n c on t iguous c rev ices i n t he b edrock

a nd were a cco mpan ied b y t he u rn . Descr ipt ion :

C o l lared u rn .

D a ted t o 1 440 + 9 0 b .c .

1 3 .5 cm H .;

1 4 cm D .R .;

1 0 cm D .B .

D ecora ted w i th t wo e nc irc l ing t w is ted c ord l ines o n t he b eve l , a nd f our s im il ar o n t he c o l lar .

I rregu lar s hor t c ord impress ions o n t he b ody .

B u f f

c o lour , d ark c ore . L oca t ion :

I n t he p ossess ion o f t he e xcava tor , Mr . G . J obey .

K IRKNE WTON ( N ) R e f :

Vesse l N o . 1 18

U npubl ished .

R e marks : N o d eta i ls . Descr ip t ion : C o l lared u rn . wh ipped c ord impress ions .

B eve l d ecora ted w i th t wo e nc irc l ing l ines o f On t he c o l lar a s im i lar p a ir o f l ines r un r ound

t he t op a nd t he b o t to m w i th t w is ted c ord f i l led t r iang les b e tween t he m . t he c o l lar a re v er t ica l l ines o r maggo ts o f wh ipped c ord . L oca t ion :

B .M . 7 9.12-9.177.

MORALEE FARM ( N ) R e f :

V esse l N o . 1 28

P .S .A. N . ( 3rd s er .) , I

R e marks :

B e low

P ink F abr ic .

( 1 921-2 ) , p . 2 7.

F ound i ns ide C inerary U rn — s ee Mora lee F ar m .

D escr ip t ion :

F ragmen ts o f a sma l l c o l lared u rn .

L igh t g rey c oarse f abr ic .

Undecora ted . L oca t ion :

M.A. N . 1 921.3 .

PLESSAY MILL ( N ) R e f :

B .A .P . ,I , 4 93a .

R e marks :

F ound w i th " severa l" o ther u rns .

Descr ip t ion :

5 *in

( . 1 4.5 cm ) H .

C on ta ined a c re ma t ion .

C o l lared Urn .

v er t ica l s hor t t w is ted c ord l ines o n t he c o l lar .

A ppears t o h ave h ad

On t he u pper p ar t o f t he

b ody a ppears t w is ted c ord h urd l ing , w i th i rregu lar h or izon ta l l eng ths o f t w is ted c ord b enea th t h is . L oca t ion :

B .M .

N o t s een b y wr i ter .

8 8

PLESSAY MILL ( N ) R e f :

B .A.P., I , 4 93b .

R e marks :

F ound w i th a c re ma t ion a nd " severa l" o ther u rns .

Descr ip t ion :

A ppears t o b e ac o l lared u rn , c . 1 5 .5 cm H .

S ee ms t o b e

d ecora ted a l l o ver w i th h err ingbone , i n terrup ted b y e ncirc l ing l ines o n t he t op p ar t o f t he b ody . L oca t ion :

B . M.

N o t s een b y wr i ter .

ROSEBOROUGH ( N ) R e f :

T echn ique emp loyed i s n ot k nown .

Vesse l N o . 1 23

B .B . , CXCVI I I , p . 4 17.

R e marks :

P r i mary b ur ia l o n t he n a tura l s ur face i n t he c en tre o f ac a irn .

U pr igh t , c overed b y as lab , a nd c on ta in ing t he c re ma t ion o f ap erson 1 8-20 y rs . o ld , a nd t wo t h irds o f ac a lc ined b one p ins . Descr ip t ion :

C o l lared u rn .

1 6 cm H ., 1 4 cm D .R . ,1 1 cm D .B .

c irc l ing t w is ted c ord l ines d ecora te t he b eve l .

On t he c o l lar i s t wis ted c ord

h urdl ing s e t b e tween t wo p a irs o f t w is ted c ord e nc irc l ing l ines . l ines a re o n t he b ody b enea th t he c o l lar . n a i l impress ions . L oca t ion :

Are o ccas iona l a cc iden ta l f inger

D ark b rown f abr ic w i th p ink p a tches .

V esse l N o . 1 22

U npubl ished .

R e marks :

N o d eta i ls .

Descr ip t ion : 1 .

Two s im i lar

B .M . 7 9 .12-9.1428 .

ROTHBURY ( N ) R e f :

Two e n-

F ragmen ts o f t wo u rns .

On t he c o l lar i s t wis ted c ord d ecora t ion i n t he f or m o f t wo e ncirc l ing l ines a t t he t op a nd b o t to m b e tween wh ich a re v er t ica l l ines o f t w is ted c ord .

P ink f abr ic.

Vesse l N o . 1 19 2 .

Decora ted o n t he c o l lar w i th t w is ted c ord a rranged i n i n tersec t ing s loping l ines t o g ive a r e t icu la ted p a t tern . R ed f abr ic .

L oca t ion :

A lnw ick .

RYE H ILL ( N ) R e f :

Vesse l N o . 1 26

B .A.P., I , 1 29

R e marks : b arrow .

F ound w i th a n i nhu ma t ion a nd s even f l in t s crapers b enea th a sma l l

Descr ip t ion :

C o l lared U rn .

1 4 .3 cm H .;

1 2 cm D .R .;

Decora ted w i th i nc ised i n tersec t ing l ines o n t he c ol lar . L oca t ion : M.A. N . 1 889.2.4 . S CREN WOOD ( N ) R e f :

8 .5 cm D .B . P ink c oarse f abr ic .

Vessel N o . 1 21

H .B .N .C. 1 882-4 , p . 5 44-6 .

R e marks :

I n ac is t .

Descr ip t ion : 1 1.5 cm D .R .

C o l lared u rn w i th a c avet to z one b enea th t he c ol lar .

1 3 cm H .;

D ecora ted o n t he c o l lar w i th a n e ncircl ing l ine o f t w is ted c ord

8 9

SCREN WOOD ( N )

V esse l N o. 1 21 c on t inued ..

Descr ip t ion c on t inued : l eng ths o f t w is ted c ord .

.. a t t he t op a nd b o t to m , b e tween wh ich a re v er t ica l I n t he c ave t to z one a re f i l led t r iang les i n t w is ted

c ord w i th a n e nc ircl ing b ase l ine . L oca t ion :

L os t .

•S OUTH CHARLTON ( N )

Vesse l N o . 1 17

R e f : A .A . ( 3rd s er .) , X IV ( 1917 ) , p . 1 28 . R e marks : S econdary i n ter men t b e low a b arrow .

F ound o n i t s s ide i n ap i t .

C on ta ined b ones , c harcoa l , a nd a n i ncense c up . D escr ip t ion :

C o l lared U rn .

1 4 .3 cm H .;

1 3 cm D .R . ; 8 cm D .B .

De-

c ora ted o n t he c ol lar w i th t wo e nc irc l ing t w is ted c ord l ines b e tween wh ich a re l ozenges f or med b y s loping t w is ted c ord l i nes i n tersec t ing a t r igh t a ng les . L oca t ion :

A lnw ick .

9 0

CATALOGUE OF C INERARY URNS

BARNARD CASTLE ( D ) R e f :

V .C. H ., I , p . 2 07.

N o f ur ther d eta i ls .

N ow l os t .

BARNARD CASTLE ( D ) ( EGGLESTON ) R e f : U npubl ished . Re marks : U pr igh t w i th a c re ma t ion . Descr ip t ion :

Vesse l N o. 1 43

N o mound o r p i t o r s tone c ase .

Bucke t s haped u rn , t hree s ha l low g rooves a t t he t op s ee m a l mos t

t o b e t he marks o f t he p o t ter 's f ingers . cm D .B .

3 2.5 cm H .;

2 5 cm D .R .;

Undecora ted a par t f ro m t he g rooves men t ioned a bove .

1 5 .5

L igh t b rown

f abr ic . L oca t ion :

B owes Museu m .

BARRASFORD ( N ) R e f :

H .B .N .C., 1 885-6 ,

Re marks :

P .

3 04.

F ound o n ag rave l b ank i n t he j oining o f t he S w inburn a nd t he N

T yne. Descr ip t ion : L oca t ion :

Rude ly o rna men ted w i th i rregu lar s trokes a nd i nden ta t ions .

L os t .

BER W ICK ON TWEED ( N ) R e f :

H .B .N .C. 1 831-41 , p . 5 3

R e marks :

I n ab arrow w i th a c re ma t ion .

D escr ip t ion :

Two u rns a re d escr ibed , o ne f ro m B erwick a nd o ne f ro m

Mur ton (D ) b u t wh ich u rn b e longs where i s n ot c lar i f ied . A lso o ne i s a ssoc ia ted w i th a n i ncense c up . Sma l ler o f t he t wo i s c . 1 5 cm H .; a nd 1 4 cm D .R ., t he d ecora t ion i s a l l i nc ised h err ingbone o n t he b eve l , a nd c over ing h a l f o f t he e x ter ior . a nd c ar ina t ion .

The v esse l h as n o c o l lar b u t t here i s ac oncave n eck

The l arger h as n o measure men ts .

w i th ? i nc ised f i l led t r iang les . c ross h a tch ing . L oca t ion :

The b ody b e low t he s hou lder i s u ndecora ted .

L os t .

B ILLINGHA M ( D ) R e f :

U npubl ished .

N o d e ta i ls k nown .

I th as a c ol lar d ecora ted

B e low t h is t he c oncave n eck h as ? i nc ised

N o t s een i n S under land Museu m .

9 1

B IRTLEY ( N ) R e f :

A . A. ( 2nd s er .) , V I I ,

Re marks :

( 1876 ) ,

P .

1 3 .

I n p ro tec tive c as ing o f s tone s labs .

Descr ipt ion :

O f s qua t f or m , 3 3 cm H .

S cored r ound t he r im w i th i ncis ions

a nd c ord l ines . L ocat ion :

N o t p reserved .

B IRTLEY ( N ) R e f :

A .A. ( 2nd s er .) , X II ( 1887) , p . 2 44.

R e marks :

F ound i n t he c en tre o f a mound , c overed b y as tone s lab.

h o llow i n t he s ub-soi l . Descr ipt ion :

I n a

C on ta ined a c re mat ion .

Bucket s haped u rn .

2 4.5 cm H .;

2 5 .5 cm D .R .;

1 7 cm D . B.

No tched s t ick impress ions o n t he u pper p ar t o f t he e x ter ior . L oca t ion :

L os t .

B IRTLEY ( N ) Re f :

A .A. ( 2nd s er .) , X II ( 1887) , p . 2 46.

Re marks : C on tained c re ma t ion . Descr ipt ion : Assy me tr ica l b ucke t s haped u rn .

2 5.5 cm H .;

1 9 cm D .R .;

1 4 cm D . B. L oca t ion :

L os t .

B IRTLEY ( N ) Re f :

A .A. ( 2nd s er .) , XI I ( 1887) , p . 2 50.

R e marks :

N ear c en tre o f b arrow .

u pr igh t s labs . Descr ip t ion : L oca tion :

I nver ted o n as lab a nd p rotected b y

C on ta ined a c h i ld c re ma t ion . Orna men ted w i th l ozenges o f t wis ted c ord .

L os t .

B IRTLEY ( N ) Ref :

A .A. ( 2nd s er .) , X I I ( 1887) , p . 2 52.

Re marks :

N ear t he c en tre o f ab arrow.

S tanding u pr igh t i n ah o l low a nd

c on tain ing a c re ma t ion . Descr ip t ion :

2 9.5 cm H .;

2 5 .5 cm D .R .;

1 7.5 cm D . B.

r im w i th t wo r ows o f i n tersect ing c ord l ines o n i t . L oca tion :

Los t .

BOLDON ( N ) Re f :

P .S .A. N . ( 2nd s er .) V I I I ,

Re marks : N o d e tai ls .

( 1897-8 ) , p . 2 06.

F ound when e xcava t ing t he r eservoir . N ow l os t .

BO WSDEN HOLL INS ( N ) Ref :

H .B. N .C . 1 882-4 , p . 1 93.

Re marks :

No De tai ls .

N ow l os t .

9 2

Broad p ro jec t ing

S l igh t ly c onvex b ase.

BO WSDEN MOOR ( N ) R e f : H .B .N .C., 1 882-4 , P . 1 93 . R e marks : Two u rns f ound i n ab arrow .

B oth i nver ted o n s labs a nd c on ta ined

c re ma t ions . No f ur ther d eta i ls .

N ow l os t .

BROO MH ILL ( N ) R e f :

B .B., CLXXXV I I , p . 4 09.

R e marks :

S econdary b ur ia l o u ts ide t he s tone r ing o f ac a irn .

C on ta ined a

c re ma t ion . N o f ur ther d eta i ls .

N ow l os t .

BROO MH ILL ( N ) R e f :

B .B ., CLXXXVI I , p . 4 09 :

R e marks :

S econdary b ur ia l .

B .A.P., I , N o . 1 19 .

One o f s ix u rns , o ne o f wh ich was a F ood

Vesse l U rn , a round t he c en tra l c is t . c lay .

I nver ted w i th t he mou th s ea led w i th

C on ta ined t he c re ma t ion o f ap erson c . 1 7 y rs . o ld .

C on ta ined a

c a lcined b one p in a nd f l in t f lake w i th s econdary work ing o nb o th e dges . D escr ip t ion : H .;

C o l lared u rn w i th a c ave t to z one b enea th t he c o l lar .

2 2 cm D .R .;

9 cm D .B .

2 6 cm

D ecora ted w i th v er t ica l i nc is ions o n t he

r im b eve l , a nd i nc ised h err ingbone f or a d ep th o f 1 0 .5 cm o n t he e x ter ior . L oca t ion :

B . M. n o t s een b y wr i ter .

BROO MR IDGE ( N ) R e f :

Vesse l N o . 1 33 .

B .B ., p . 4 08 , n o te 1 .

R e marks :

I n ac ircu lar h o l low l ined w i th c lay .

I nver ted o ver a s econd u rn

a nd c on ta ined a c re ma t ion . Descr ip t ion : H .;

C o l lared u rn w i th a c ave t to z one b enea th t he c o l lar .

1 7 cm D .R .;

9 cm D .B .

2 2.5 cm

Decora ted o n t he b eve l w i th a n e ncirc l ing

l ine o f t w is ted c ord a t t he t op a nd b o t to m , b e tween wh ich a re i n tersec t ing c hevrons o f t he s a me t echn ique r esu l t ing i n l ozenge p a t terns . On t he e x ter ior t o c . 2 cm b elow t he s hou lder i s h err ingbone f or med b y s hor t l eng ths o f t wis ted c ord . L oca t ion :

P ink f abr ic .

B . M. 7 9.12-9 . 1 398 .

BUSTON ( N ) R e f :

Unpubl ished .

R e marks :

N o d e ta i ls .

L oca t ion :

M. A. N . 1 927.140 .

CASTLES IDE ( D ) R e f :

U npub l ished .

N o d e ta i ls .

N o t s een a t S under land .

CATCHERS IDE ( N ) R e f :

B. B ., CCX I , p . 4 34 .

R e marks :

F ound i n ac a irn .

I nver ted o n af la t s tone. 9 3

P ro tec ted b y 3f la t

s tones . S econdary b ur ia l . Descr ipt ion : R im c . 6 .5 cm d eep o rna men ted b y i rregu lar d ots a ppl ied b y a n o va l p o in ted i ns tru men t . L oca t ion :

L os t .

CHOLLERTON ( N ) Ref :

B .B., CCXL I I , p . 4 36.

Re marks :

F ound 9 f t S SE o f t he c en tre o f ab arrow .

S econdary i n ter men t .

I nver ted o ver t he c re ma t ion o f ay oung p erson . Descr ipt ion :

Appears t o b e c o l lared u rn w i th t w is ted c ord h urd l ing d ecora ting

t he c ol lar . L oca t ion :

Los t .

DODDINGTON ( N ) Re f :

H . B. N . C. 1 882-84 , p . 2 83.

Re marks :

F ound w i th a c re mat ion .

Descr ipt ion :

" F lower p ot s haped" .

S ee ms t o b e d ecora ted w i th s cored

h urd l ing a nd c hevrons . L oca t ion :

L os t .

ETAL MOOR ( N ) Ref :

Vesse l N o . 1 34.

B . B., CLXXX IV , p . 4 04 :

R e marks :

B .A . P., I , N o . 1 16d .

S econdary b ur ia l i n ab arrow 1 6 f td ia meter , a nd 2 . 1- f t h igh .

Upr igh t w i th c re mated b ones i n a nd a round i t . Descr ip t ion : D . R.-

C ol lared u rn w i th a s l igh t ly c onvex c ollar .

7 cm D . B.

L oca t ion :

1 5 cm

Vessel N o . 1 39

B . B., CLXXXIV , p . 4 04 :

R e marks :

1 9 .5 cm H .;

B rown-pink f abr ic.

B . M. 7 9.12-9. 1 380 .

ETAL MOOR ( N ) Ref :

Undecora ted .

B . A. P ,I , N o . 1 16.

I n ar ectangu lar h o l low w i th t wo o thers .

b ur ia l i n t he b arrow.

P oss ibly t he p r i mary

U pr igh t , a nd c on tained a c re mat ion a nd t races o f b ronze.

J us t o u ts ide was a c a lcined b one p in . Descr ipt ion :

C o l lared U rn .

3 6 cm H .;

2 6.5 cm D .R .;

Decora ted o n t he b eve l w i th s loping l ines o f t w is ted c ord .

7 .5 cm D . B. On t he c ol lar a re

f i l led t wis ted c ord t r iang les w i th a n e ncircl ing l i ne a t t he t op a nd b o t to m . The r es t i s u ndecora ted . Locat ion :

B . M. 7 9.12-9. 1 381.

ETAL MOOR ( N ) R ef :

P ink-grey f abr ic .

Vesse l N o. 1 35 .

B . B., CLXXXIV , p . 4 05 :

R e marks :

B .A .P., I , 1 16b.

6i n Eo f t he t wo a bove.

I n t he s a me p i t .

S econdary i n ter men t .

Upr igh t , a nd c on tained b urn t b ones a nd a n i ncense c up. Descr ip t ion :

C o l lared Urn .

2 3 cm H .;

1 8 .5 cm D . R.;

Decora ted o n ly o n t he c ol lar w i th t w is ted c ord h urd l ing . L oca t ion :

B . M. 7 9.12-9. 1 383 .

9 4

1 1 cm D . B. P ink-buf f f abr ic.

ETAL MOOR ( N ) R e f :

B .B ., CLXXX IV , p . 4 05 .

R e marks : p i t .

F ound i n ab arrow " so me i nches" N o f t he o ne a bove .

I n t he s a me

S econdary i n ter men t .

D escr ipt ion :

A ppears t o b e ac o l lared u rn .

p a t tern o f t w is ted c ord impress ions .

C o l lar c overed w i th a r e t icu la ted

The b ody b e low t he r im i s marked

i rregu lar ly w i th s ca t tered o va l impress ions . L oca t ion :

L os t .

FORD CO M MON ( N )

Vesse l N o . 1 36.

R e f : B .B., CLXXXV I , p . 4 06. R e marks : F ound i n t he c en tre o f ab arrow 1 4 f td ia me ter a nd 1 1-f t h igh . Pr i mary b ur ia l . Was u pr igh t a nd c on ta ined a f e ma le i nhu ma t ion , t hree c yl indr ica l j e t b eads , ac on ica l j e t b u t ton a nd a p iece o f c a lc ined f l in t o u ts ide . D escr ipt ion :

C o l lared Urn .

2 1 cm H .;

1 9 cm D .R .-

d ecora ted w i th t wo e ncirc l ing l i nes o f t w is ted c ord . t w is ted c ord h urd l ing . L oca t ion :

R es t o f t he u rn i s p la in .

1 0 cm D . B.

B eve l

On t he d eep c o l lar i s

P ink-bu f f f abr ic .

B . M. 7 9.12-9 . 1 392.

FUL WELL ( D ) R e f :

P .S .A. N . ( 3rd s er .) , I , ( 1905 ) , p . 7 8 .

R e marks :

F ound i n as and b ed , w i th a s ke le ton , c overed b y l impi t s hel ls a nd

al arge s lab . D escr ipt ion :

Wi th f ragmen ts o f a nother v esse l . Appears t o h ave b een a c o l lared u rn .

D ecora ted w i th a n e n-

c irc l ing l ine o f t w is ted c ord a t t he t op a nd b ot to m o f t he c o l lar , t he t wo l inked b y s lop ing t w is ted c ord l ines . L oca t ion :

L os t .

GLANTON ( N ) R e f :

H .B .N .C. 1 885-6 , p . 3 14.

R e marks :

Two " urns" f ound .

One l arge a nd o ne " very sma l l" .

N o f ur ther

d e ta i ls , n ow l os t . GREAT TOSSON ( N ) R e f :

P .S .A.S . I V ( 1860-2 ) , p . 6 0 .

R e marks :

Two u rns , b o th i nver ted o n f la t s tones b enea th a b arrow .

f ur ther d e ta i ls .

N o

N ow l os t .

HARBOTTLE PEELS ( N ) R e f :

B .B ., CCI I , p . 4 23 .

R e marks :

I n ac a irn .

I nver ted o ver a n a du l t c re ma t ion .

R im c . 1 1 f t

b e low t he n a tura l s ur face . Descr ipt ion : 4 1 cm H . L oca tion : L os t .

R im d ecora ted w i th c hevrons o f t w is ted c ord .

HASTING H ILL ( D ) R e f :

A .A. ( 3rd s er .) , X I , ( 1 914 ) , p . 1 40 . 9 5

R e marks : S econdary i n ter men t , 1 2 f t S E o f c en tre o f b arrow . Descr ipt ion : F ragmen tary when f ound . B eve l d ecora ted w i th f our c oncen tr ic t w is ted c ord l ines .

N eck d ecora ted w i th i n tersec t ing v er t ica l a nd h or izon ta l

t wis ted c ord l ines .

R im d ecora ted w i th s loping t w is ted c ord l ines .

L oca t ion :

L os t .

HU MBLEDON H ILL ( D ) R e f :

V . C. H ., I , p . 2 08 :

R e marks :

B .B ., p . 4 41.

F ound 3 f tb e low t he n a tura l s ur face.

N o f ur ther d e ta i ls .

N o t

s een a t S under land . I NGRA M ( N ) R e f :

H .B .N .C . 1 885-6 , p . 2 88 .

R e marks :

F ound a t I ngra m H i l l , b enea th a c a irn .

Descr ipt ion : L oca t ion :

S a id t o h ave h ad s cored d ecora t ion .

L os t .

I NGRA M ( N ) R e f :

Unpubl ished .

R e marks :

F ound o n H eugh H i l l .

Descr ip t ion :

P oss ibly b ucke t o r b arre l s haped .

Decora ted w i th r ows o f t hree s tabs o n t he b eve l .

2 0 cm D .R . r im s herd o n ly . On t he e x ter ior a re r ows

o f c ircu lar s tabs t hen l arger o va l-tr iangu lar s tabs c rude ly a rranged i n h err ingb one f ash ion . s cored l ine . L oca t ion :

Then t wo s cored l ines , o ne r ow o f o va l s tabs , a nd a s ing le G rey-red f abr ic .

A lnw ick .

K IDLAND ( N ) Re f :

H .B .N . C. 1 885-6 p . 2 94 .

R e marks :

B enea th c a irn w i th c re ma t ion .

Descr ipt ion : L oca t ion :

L os t .

K IRKH ILL ( N ) R e f :

C hevron d ecora t ion .

Vesse l N o . 1 38

A .A. ( 5 th s er .) , I ,

R e marks : b urn ing .

( 1 974 ) , p p . 1 59 , 1 77.

I nver ted i n ap i t , o ver a s ands tone f lag t ha t s howed t races o f C on ta ined t he c re ma ted r e ma ins o f t hree a du l ts a nd a c h i ld .

b ones were s ta ined g reen a nd t here were t wo c a lc ined f l in ts .

S o me

1 292 + 9 0 b c

( SRR .133 ). Descr ipt ion : 2 7 cm D R . ,;

C o l lared U rn w i th c ave t to z one b enea th t he c o l lar . 1 0 .9 cm D .B .

3 2 cm H .;

Tw is ted c ord h err ingbone d ecora tes t he b eve l .

On t he c o l lar a re f i l led t w is ted c ord t r iang les , a nd i n t he c ave t to z one a re t wo a nd a h a l f l i nes o f s tab a nd d rag h err ingbone . The r es t i s p la in . L igh t b rown f abr ic . L oca t ion :

M.A. N . 1 973 .2.

9 6

K IRK WHELPINGTON ( N ) R e f :

B .B., CCX , p . 4 33.

Re marks :

S econdary i n ter men t i n ab arrow .

t he n a tura l s ur face .

S tone was c up- marked .

I nver ted o ver a f la t s tone o n C on tained t he c re ma tion o f a

y oung p erson . Descript ion : L oca tion :

N o c o l lar .

The u rn p erhaps b roken b e fore d epos i t ion .

L os t .

K IRK WHELPINGTON ( N ) R e f :

B .B ., CCX ,

R e marks : s ur face.

C o l lared u rn .

L os t .

KYLOE CRAGS ( N ) R e f :

Vessel N o . 1 30

A . A. ( 4 th s er .) , XLV I ( 1 968 ) , p p . 2 75-281.

R e marks :

No d eta i ls .

Descr iption : L oca t ion :

E igh t wa l l s herds .

L igh t b rown t o p ink f abr ic .

Very c oarse.

M. A .N . 1 919.29.

L ILBURN H ILL ( N ) Re f :

Above t he n a tura l

C on ta ined c re mat ion .

Descr ip t ion : L oca tion :

p . 4 33.

P r i mary b uria l i n t he c en tre o f t he b arrow .

Vessel N o . 1 29

A .A . ( 2nd s er .) , X I I I , ( 1889) , p . 3 51.

R e marks :

F ound i n at r iangu lar c o mpar t men t i n ac is t .

C on tained a c re ma t ion

a nd a n i ncense c up . Descr ip t ion :

C ol lared Urn .

1 6 cm D .R . f rag men tary.

t he p la in r im w i th a s ing le e nc ircl ing c ord l ine. t wis ted c ord t r iang les . L oca t ion :

D ecora ted i ns ide

On t he c o l lar a re f i l led

L igh t b rown-red f abr ic.

M. A .N . 1 889.22.3 .

MILLFIELD ( N ) R e f :

Unpubl ished .

Re marks :

N o d eta i ls .

MORALEE FARM ( N ) Re f :

N o t s een a t M. A. N . ( 1958 .54.7H ). Vesse l N o . 1 41

P .S .A. N . ( 3rd s er .) , ( 1 921-2) , p . 2 7.

R e marks :

F ound w i th a c re ma t ion .

C on tained a sma l l b ronze k n i fe , a n

i ncense c up o f b icon ical f or m d ecora ted w i th s tabs f ro m a q u i ll o r h o l low r eed e tc ., a nd a smal ler u rn . Descript ion :

C ordoned u rn .

C . 4 4 cm H .;

3 6 cm D .R .;

Decora ted w i th t wis ted c ord z ig-zag o n t he b eve l .

1 2.5 cm D . B.

On t he u pper p ar t o f t he

b ody a re t wo e ncircl ing t wis ted c ord l ines b etween wh ich a re t w is ted c ord l ozenges , r ough ly s ubdiv ided w i th t wis ted c ord l eng ths . c oarse f abr ic . L oca t ion :

M. A. N . 1 956.225a .

9 7

Dark b rown a nd v ery

MURTON ( D ) Re f :

H . B. N. C . 1 831-41 ,

Re marks :

5 3.

P .

Found i n ab arrow w i th a c re ma tion .

Descr ipt ion :

S ee u rn f ro m B erwick o n Tweed .

NETHERTON ( N ) Re f :

H . B. N . C. 1 885-6 , p . 3 02.

Re marks :

F ound w i th in f our s tones a nd a c over .

No f ur ther d eta i ls .

Wi th a c re ma tion .

N ow l os t .

PA WSTON H ILL ( N ) Ref :

H .B .N . C. 1 887-89 .

Re marks :

A sma l l u rn f ound b enea th a c airn , w i th a c re ma tion , o n M indu m

Far m . N o f ur ther d eta i ls .

N ow l os t .

PLAINFIELD MOOR ( N ) Ref :

H . B. N . C. 1 885-6 , p . 2 97.

Re marks :

Three u rns f ound :

One f ro m a c a irn t ha t c on ta ined a c is t .

u rn i s 7i n H . a nd " jar" s haped .

The

One f ro m a c a irn s et a round b y s tones .

Held a c is t a nd a l arge u rn d ecora ted w i th c hevrons .

One f ro m a c a irn .

Broken . N o f ur ther d eta i ls .

N ow l os t .

REYHEUGH ( N ) Ref :

B . B.,

Re marks :

4 15 .

P .

I n a sma l l b arrow .

C on tained a c re mat ion a nd c overed b y ap en-

t agona l s tone . No f ur ther d eta i ls .

N ow l os t .

RODDA M R IGG HOUSE ( N ) Re f :

H . B. N . C. 1 885-6 ,

Re marks :

2 80 .

Men t ion o f s ix u rns c on ta in ing c re ma t ions.

Descr ipt ion : L ocat ion :

P .

" Jar s haped" .

L os t .

ROSEBOROUGH ( N ) Re f :

B .B ., CXCVII I , p . 4 17.

R e marks : 2f t S SW o f t he c en tre o f t he c airn o n t he n a tura l s ur face . a ssocia ted b ur ial . Descr ipt ion : L oca tion :

D ecayed .

L os t .

ROTHBURY ( N ) R ef :

P oss ibly n o t c o mp lete when d epos i ted .

Vesse l N o . 1 37

Unpubl ished .

R e marks :

N o d eta i ls .

9 8

N o

Descr ip t ion :

C o l lared Urn .

C o l lar d ecora ted w i th s loping t w is ted c ord l ines

a nd a g r id f or med b y h or izon ta l a nd v er t ica l t wis ted c ord l ines . a re s loping i n tersec t ing t w is ted c ord l ines . L oca t ion :

On t he b ody

G rey-pink f abr ic .

M. A .N . 1 935 .33 , 3 4 .

S I MONS IDE ( N ) R e f :

A .A . ( 2nd s er .) , XV ( 1892 ) , p . 2 4.

R e marks :

S urrounded b y ac irc le o f u pr igh t f la t s tones , w i th o ne o ver t he t op .

B enea th a c a irn 2 0 f ti n d ia me ter . N o f ur ther d eta i ls .

C on ta ined a c re ma t ion .

N ow l os t .

S I MONS IDE ( N ) R e f :

A .A . ( 2nd s er .) , XV ( 1892 ) , p . 2 8 .

R e marks :

I nver ted o n as tone s lab b enea th a c a irn .

a nd a f l in t k n i fe 3 i n l ong b y 1 1 i n w ide. Descr ipt ion : 2 0 .5 cm D .R .

C on ta ined a c re ma t ion

A lso c on ta ined p o t s herds .

C o l lared U rn w i th a c ave t to z one b enea th t he c ol lar . D ecora ted o n t he c o l lar w i th t w is ted c ord h urd l ing .

2 8 cm H .; T he

c avet to z one i s o ccupied b y t w is ted c ord h err ingbone . L oca t ion :

L os t .

S OUTH CHARLTON ( N ) R e f : A .A . ( 3rd s er .) , X IV ( 1 917) , p . 1 25 . R e marks : S econdary i n ter men t b enea th a c a irn t ha t c overed o ne p r i mary a nd a t l eas t n ine s econdary i n ter men ts . N o f ur ther d e ta i ls .

N ow l os t .

S OUTH CHARLTON ( N )

Vesse l N o . 1 42

R e f : A .A . ( 3rd s er .) , X IV ( 1917 ) , p . 1 28 . R e marks : S econdary i n ter men t i n ab arrow .

I n ap i t , a nd c on ta ined b urn t

b ones a nd c harcoa l . D escr ip t ion : 8 .6 cm D .B .

B ipar t i te , w i th a g lobu lar b ody.

2 0 .3 cm H .;

1 7.2 cm D .R .;

Three e nc irc l ing c ord l ines d ecora te t he b eve l , a nd t wo o f t he

s a me o n t he r i m mou ld ing . On t he b ody t o j us t b elow t he s hou lder a re n ine w ide ly s paced e ncirc l ing t w is ted c ord l ines . B elow t h is a re h orse-shoe impress ions f or med f ro m t w is ted c ord . L oca t ion :

P ink f abr ic .

A lnwick .

S TONEBR IDGE ( D ) R e f :

V .C. H ., I , p . 2 08 :

A .A .

( 3rd s er .) , X IV ( 1 917) , p . 1 70 .

R e marks : F ound i ns ide a l arger u rn , s ee b e low , i nver ted o ver a c re ma t ion . N o mound. Descr ipt ion :

C o l lared U rn , 2 3 cm H .

C o l lar d ecora ted w i th e nc irc ling l ines

o f t w is ted c ord . The t runca ted b ody i s u ndecora ted . L oca t ion : B . M. N o t s een b y wr i ter . S TONEBR IDGE ( D ) R e f :

R ed-brown f abr ic .

Vesse l N o . 1 40

V .C. H ., I , p . 2 08 :

A .A . ( 3rd s er .) , X I ( 1917 ) , p . 1 70 f .

9 9

R e marks : F ound t o c on ta in a c re ma t ion a nd a sma l ler u rn . Descr ip t ion : C o l lared U rn . 3 7 cm H .; 2 8 cm D .R . - 8 .5 cm D . B. b eve l d ecora ted w i th t wo e ncirc l ing l ines o f p la i ted c ord t echn ique . i s o ccup ied b y f i l led t r iang les i n t he s a me t echn ique .

R im

The c o l lar

On t he u pper p ar t o f

t he b ody b e low t he c o l lar a re s loping i nc is ions , i n tersec t ing i np laces . Brown f abr ic . L oca t ion :

B . M. 7 9.12-9. 2 411.

TUNSTALL H ILL ( D ) R e f :

B .B ., p . 4 40 :

V .C .H ., I , p . 2 08 :

S ur tees I , p . 2 49.

T .A . A.S .D .N .

I I , ( 1889 ) , p . 1 84 . Re marks :

I n ac is t w i th t wo o thers .

Descr ip t ion :

A l l c on tained c re ma t ions .

One s ee ms t o b e ac o l lared u rn w i th c hevron p a t terns o n t he

c o l lar . L oca t ion :

L os t .

WEST B ITCHFIELD ( N ) R e f :

Vesse l N o . 1 32

Unpubl ished .

R e marks :

N o d e ta i ls .

Descr ip t ion :

C o l lared U rn .

2 4 cm D .R .;

1 2 cm D .B .

Decora ted w i th

i nc ised f i l led t r iang les o n t he c o l lar a nd w i th a t l eas t o ne a nd a h a l f r ows o f r ough ly i nc ised h err ingbone o n t he b ody b e low t he c ol lar . L oca t ion :

Brown f abr ic .

M.A. N . 1 956.356a .

YEAVER ING ( N ) R e f :

U npub l ished .

R e marks :

F ound i n an a tura l k no l l .

Descr ip t ion : L oca t ion :

I nver ted o ver a c re ma t ion .

H o le i nb ase f or t he c re ma t ion t o b e i nser ted .

M. A .N . 1 961.15 .

N o t s een b y wr i ter .

1 00

I

\ \e \ee\\ \\\\ \\ \\\ / //////// / // , \\ \9\\

\\ \\\

1

4

01

5

1 5

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