Bridges' Translation of the Ten Qira'At of the Noble Qur'an [May 2020 Corrected Edition]
 1728390745, 9781728390741

Table of contents :
FRONT COVER
COPYRIGHT
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1. The Opening
2. The Cow
3. Imran’s Folk
4. Women
5. The Table Spread
6. Livestock
7. The Elevations
8. The Spoils
9. Repentance
10. Jonah
11. Hud
12. Joseph
13. Thunder
14. Abraham
15. The Stone City
16. The Bees
17. The Night Journey
18. The Cave
19. Mary
20. Tâ-Ha
21. The Prophets
22. The Pilgrimage
23. The Believers
24. The Light
25. The Criterion
26. The Poets
27. The Ants
28. The Narratives
29. The Spider
30. The Romans
31. Luqman
32. Prostration
33. The Parties
34. Sheba
35. Originator
36. Ya-Sîn
37. The Aligned
38. Sād
39. Throngs
40. Forgiver
41. Detailed
42. Consultation
43. Decorations
44. Smoke
45. Kneeling
46. The Dunes
47. Muhammad
48. Conquest
49. The Chambers
50. Qāf
51. The Spreaders
52. Mount Tûr
53. The Star
54. The Moon
55. The All-Merciful
56. The Inevitable
57. Iron
58. The Arguing Woman
59. Exodus
60. The Woman Tested
61. Lining Up in Ranks
62. Friday
63. The Hypocrites
64. Mutual Loss and Gain
65. Divorce
66. Prohibition
67. Dominion
68. The Pen
69. The Reality
70. Ways of Ascent
71. Noah
72. The Jinn
73. The Enwrapped
74. The Enrobed
75. The Resurrection
76. Man
77. The Unleashed
78. The Tiding
79. The Snatchers
80. He Frowned
81. The Rolling
82. The Splitting apart
83. The Defrauders
84. The Rupture
85. The Constellations
86. The Pulsar
87. The Most High
88. The Overwhelming
89. The Dawn
90. The City
91. The Sun
92. The Night
93. Morning Shine
94. Expanding
95. The Fig
96. The Clinging Form
97. Determination
98. Evident Proof
99. The Quake
100. The Racers
101. The Shocking Event
102. Vying for more
103. Time
104. The Backbiter
105. The Elephant
106. Quraysh
107. Kindnesses
108. Plenty
109. The Deniers
110. Support
111. Palm Fiber
112. Purity
113. Daybreak
114. Mankind
Preface
Reflective Reading (Tadabbor) of the Qur’an
How can the reader practice spiritual Tadabbor?
The Ten Qira’at of the Qur’an
Some examples of the seven dialects (aḥrûf)
About Bridges’ translation of the ten Qira’at of the Holy Qur’an
About Bridges Foundation
Translation team members and linguists
References

Citation preview

Bridges’ translation of the ten Qira’at of the Noble Qur’an

Fadel Soliman

Fa d e l S ol i m a n

© 2020 Fadel Soliman. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means without the written permission of the author.

AuthorHouse™ UK 1663 Liberty Drive Bloomington, IN 47403 USA www.authorhouse.co.uk Phone: 0800 047 8203 (Domestic TFN) +44 1908 723714 (International)

Because of the dynamic nature of the Internet, any web addresses or links contained in this book may have changed since publication and may no longer be valid. The views expressed in this work are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher, and the publisher hereby disclaims any responsibility for them. Any people depicted in stock imagery provided by Getty Images are models, and such images are being used for illustrative purposes only. Certain stock imagery © Getty Images.

ISBN: 978-1-7283-9074-1 (sc) ISBN: 978-1-7283-9073-4 (e)

Published by AuthorHouse 02/12/2020

This work is dedicated to my sheikh, Dr. ʻAbbas Anwar Al-Masry, and to his student, the sheikh of revolutionaries, Sheikh ʻEmad ʻEffat.

‫يم‬ ِ ‫ٱلر ِح‬ َّ ‫ِب ۡس ِم ٱل لَّ ِه‬ َّ ‫ٱلر ۡح ٰ َم ِن‬ In the name of Allah, the All-Merciful, the Bestower of mercy All praise is due to Allah, the Creator, the Cherisher, and the Sustainer of the universe. I express my sincere love and devotion to the Final Messenger of Allah–Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, as well as to his companions who changed the course of history, and for those who have striven throughout the centuries to serve Islam, and particularly the Holy Qur’an. Throughout my life I have known many companions, some of whom were helpful and sincere, but the most helpful and sincere of them all has by far been the Qur’an. Studying the Qira’at

of the Qur’an was an important milestone in my life, a turning point after which my views about life, death and the hereafter changed completely. It always troubled me to see most Muslims, especially non-Arabs, unaware of the greatest linguistic miracle, the Qira’at of the Holy Qur’an. (the modes of recitation)

So as an application of the saying of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) “None of you truly believes until he wishes for his brother what he wishes for himself”, I decided to translate the Qur’an in a way that embraces the Qira’at as well as some other phenomena like grammatical shifts, in order to present to non-Arabic readers a translation that is closer to the spirit of the Holy Qur’an, allowing them to ponder the Holy Qur’an even though they do not know Arabic. By the blessings of Allah and through the efforts of dedicated Muslims, today English-speaking Muslims can enjoy the first translation of the ten Qira’at of the Holy Quran.

Allah’s servant, desperate for his Lord’s forgiveness, Fadel Soliman

CONTENTS Prefacev Reflective Reading (Tadabbor) of the Qur’an ������������������������������������������������������������viii How can the reader practice spiritual Tadabbor? �����������������������������������������������������xii The Ten Qira’at of the Qur’an������������������������������������������������������������������������������������xvi Some examples of the seven dialects (aḥrûf) ������������������������������������������������������������xxii About Bridges’ translation of the ten Qira’at of the Holy Qur’an ����������������������xxxiv About Bridges Foundation xxxv Translation team members and linguists �������������������������������������������������������������xxxvi References ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������xxxvii

Preface Profound messages lie within the depths of the words of the Qur’an. It is unlike ordinary books written by humans. Whereas every other book was written in this world for the world to read, the Qur’an descended from outside the world for the world to read. It is the connection between the earth and Heaven, between the physical realm and the metaphysical realm, a divine scripture that the Creator of the universe has revealed to mankind. With His Might He created sane beings, and with His Wisdom He communicated with them to guide them. ‫يز ْال َح ِك يم‬ ِ ‫ت َ ْن ِزي ُل ْال ِك ت َا‬ ِ ‫ب ِم نَ الَّ ل ِه ْال عَ ِز‬ (1 ‫)الزمر‬

“The bestowal of the Scripture from on high is by Allah the Almighty, the All-Wise.” (Qur’an 39:1)

The Qur’an’s grandeur lies in its ability to revive the dead heart and cure its ailments: rage, boredom, wrath, hatred, anger, greed, selfishness, envy, laziness, and all the other dangerous diseases that impair the human heart. The Qur’an is therefore described by God as a spirit, as well as a medication and a cure. ‫َو َك ٰذَلِكَ أ َ ْو َح ْي نَا إِلَ يْكَ ُرو ًح ا ِ ّم ْن أ َ ْم ِرنَا‬ )25 ‫(الشورى‬

“And thus have We revealed to you a spirit by Our command.” (Qur’an 42:52)

‫ؤْم نِ ين‬ ِ ‫آن َم ا ه َُو ِش فَ ا ٌء َو َرحْ َم ةٌ ِلّ ْل ُم‬ ِ ‫َونُ ن ِ َّز ُل ِم نَ ْال قُ ْر‬ (82 ‫)اإلس راء‬

“And We send down of the Recital that which is a healing and a mercy for the believers,” (Qur’an 17:82)

َ ‫اس قَ ْد َج ا َءتْ ُك م َّم ْو ِع‬ ‫ؤْم نِ ين‬ ِ ‫ُور َو ُه دًى َو َرحْ َم ةٌ ِلّ ْل ُم‬ ُّ ‫ظ ةٌ ِ ّم ن َّر ِبّ ُك ْم َو ِش فَ ا ٌء ِلّ َم ا فِ ي ال‬ ُ َّ‫يَ ا أَيُّ َه ا ال ن‬ ِ ‫صد‬ (57 ‫)يونس‬

v

“O mankind, there has come to you an admonition from your Lord, and a cure for what lies within the chests and guidance and mercy for the believers.” (Qur’an 10:57)

When readers humbly recite the words of the Qur’an and contemplate them, seeking divine inspiration, it will touch their hearts and minds as attested in Allah’s words, and it will become not only the source of tranquility and comfort, but the source of guidance as well, for those who faithfully seek them. ُ‫َوات َّقُ وا اللَّ هَ َويُ عَ ِلّ ُم ُك ُم اللَّ ه‬ (282 ‫)البقرة‬

“And be mindful of Allah, and Allah teaches you,” (Qur’an 2:282)

It has the power and force to literally change lives if carefully pondered. However, if not properly dealt with, it will touch neither the heart nor the soul. When Prophet Muhammad complained to Allah about people who do not deal properly with the Qur’an, he probably meant those who read with their eyes only, but block their hearts and senses. ‫ورا‬ ُ ‫الر‬ َّ ‫َوقَ ا َل‬ ً ‫س و ُل يَ ا َربّ ِ إِ َّن قَ ْو ِم ي ات َّ َخ ذُوا ٰ َه ذَا ْال قُ رْآنَ َم ْه ُج‬ (30 ‫)الفرقان‬

“And the Messenger said, “O My Lord, my people have dealt with this Recital by deserting it.” (Qur’an 25:30)

Notice that the Messenger did not say that his people had deserted the Qur’an completely. Rather, they deal with it in a manner equivalent to desertion. They read it but they do not understand it. They memorize it but they do not contemplate it. They compete with each other in the number of times they read it all through, but not in the number of its instructions that they comprehend and follow. A frequently asked question is: Why did God not explain the Qur’an Himself, instead of leaving it to be interpreted by humans who differ a lot about its exegesis? Would that not have been an easier approach, allowing people from all nations to read its words and comprehend them fully? But therein lies one of the greatest miracles of the Qur’an. A book of such magnificence is the only book known to mankind that, no matter how many times it is read, reveals something different each time. It is like a sea filled with pearls within its depths: as the diver goes deeper, more pearls appear in sight. No other

vi

book in the world has this miraculous dimension. The eternal miracle of the Qur’an is that it transcends the scopes of science and language. In the process of compiling this translation, it has become evident that the Qur’an possesses a miraculous element in terms of translation, as well. Despite the fact that the translation team went to great lengths to come as close as possible to the Arabic text—the original word of God—focusing on how He spoke, yet the final product, as any other translation of the Qur’an, cannot compare in magnificence to the original Arabic text. Every unit of text in the Qur’an is called ‘ayah’ in Arabic, which means ‘sign’ in English. In poetry, the unit of text is ‘verse’ and in prose the unit of text is ‘sentence’, but in the Qur’an the unit of text is ‘sign’. Every single sign of the Qur’an is a miraculous sign of God and a source of faith which gushes into the hearts of those who reflect upon it. Therefore, for the reader to truly experience the miracle that lies within the core of the Qur’an, he/ she must read it, comprehend it, and then reflect upon it. Ibn ʻAbbas, a companion of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and one of the masters of the sciences of the Qur’an, taught that the meanings in the Qur’an can be understood on four different levels: 1. Meanings available to everyone, regardless of their level of education or knowledge 2. Meanings understood by those who possess a high level of Arabic language proficiency 3. Meanings understood by scholars—more specifically scholars of the principles of exegesis 4. Meanings that are only known to God, the Omniscient

vii

Reflective Reading (Tadabbor) of the Qur’an One of the above-mentioned levels of understanding is that ‘available to everyone’, and this is the focal point of this translation. Pondering and contemplating the Qur’an is something that anyone can relate to, regardless of his/her cognitive abilities, level of education, intellect, or even language. One must thoughtfully dedicate the time and set the intention to read the Divine words of the Qur’an and see beyond them. These Divine words are so extraordinarily powerful that they can change lives. Pondering the Qur’an and allowing its words and signs to enlighten the spirit can elevate the heart of the reader to a whole new dimension that is so much higher than this world. It is a spiritual connection with the Creator of the reader—the One Who breathed into him/her of His spirit and revealed the Qur’an as a spirit as well. This concept was mentioned above, and the relevant sign quoted (Qur’an 42:52). Thus, when pondered, the Qur’an can revive dead hearts. Tadabbor, which is the Arabic term for pondering, is therefore key to a sound and peaceful heart. It must be noted that Tafsīr, which is the Arabic word for Qur’an exegesis, and Tadabbor are two totally different aspects of understanding. Tafsīr cannot and should not be practiced except by learned scholars who have the knowledge of its principles, the sciences of the Qur’an, as well as the sciences of the Arabic language including the pre-Islamic era (Jahiliya) poetry which is the main guide to the different Arabic styles. This project is not about Tafsīr, but rather about Tadabbor. The root word of Tadabbor is ‫( دَبَ ر‬da-ba-ra) from which comes the word ‫( دُبُر‬du-bur), which in turn means ‘what comes after’ or ‘what follows’. This suggests that Tadabbor is what comes after reading and understanding, and that is why reflection, pondering, and contemplation are all possible choices for the translation of the word Tadabbor. Tafsīr provides the interpretation of the text while Tadabbor provides the impact of the text: its impact on the heart of the reader who reflects. Having the knowledge of the different Tafsīrs and the occasions of revelation and the contexts undoubtedly enables better understanding of the words and thus helps with Tadabbor. The eye reads the words of God, the mind sees through them, and the heart reflects and becomes wholly immersed into the setting, as if the words are speaking to the reader and taking him/her on a journey through time and space. This journey starts before creation, then during the life of this world through its different eras, then after death in the Hereafter, as well as between the Heavens and the earth. When one reflects upon the Qur’an, time and space change, giving one the feeling of being in a different realm. This serves to rejuvenate the heart and elevate it to a state of serenity. As long as the reader who is practicing Tadabbor does not employ his/her understanding to decide about matters of Halal and Haram (lawful or unlawful things), he/she is in the safe zone and has not exceeded any limits. This is because jurisprudence does not depend solely on the Qur’an, but on other sources as well, besides requiring tools that are possessed only by skillful jurists. Tadabbor of the Qur’an, on the other hand, can be done by anyone, and it is not optional; in fact, it is the way God chose for us to deal with the Qur’an: viii

ْ ‫ِك ت َابٌ أ َ ْن‬ ‫ب‬ ِ ‫اركٌ ِل يَ دَّب َُّروا آَيَ اتِ ِه َو ِل يَ ت َذَ َّك َر أُولُ و ْال َ ْل بَ ا‬ َ َ‫زَل نَاهُ ِإلَ يْكَ ُم ب‬ (29 ‫)ص‬

“A Scripture that We sent down to yousg, blessed, that they may ponder its signs and that those endowed with understanding may remind themselves.” (Qur’an 38:29)

Moreover, the Almighty said, reprimanding those who do not ponder the Qur’an: ‫أفال يتدبرون الق راّن أم على قلوب أقفالها‬ (24 ‫)محمد‬

“Will they not ponder the Recital, or are there locks upon their hearts?” (Qur’an 47:24)

For this reason the translation team at Bridges Foundation decided to produce a translation of the Qur’an that allows readers who are unfamiliar with Arabic to reflect upon it in English. It is definitely true that the Qur’an is only in Arabic and that any of its translations are not the word of God, yet such translations do provide guidance, as many people have indeed been guided by reading them. The truer the translation is to the Arabic text, the more the guidance it carries within. When God bestowed His revelations, He knew that Arabic-speaking Muslims would one day constitute only a minority of Muslims and that the majority would find the Arabic language foreign to them. Since He bestowed it to be pondered as mentioned before, it follows that pondering the Qur’an is not exclusive to the original Arabic text and can, to a great extent, be achieved through the translations. In the present translation the translation team made a point of being as close as possible to the Arabic text of the Qur’an, with the main focus being on how God spoke and not just what He meant. They believe that it is the right of those unfamiliar with Arabic to get as close an idea as possible about how their Lord spoke. Many such Muslims are unaware, for example, that God spoke in the Qur’an about the Hereafter in past tense around 500 times. All previous translations changed such verbs to future tense, probably to avoid sounding awkward to the reader as he/she reads about future events in the Hereafter in past tense. Marmaduke Pickthall changed them in certain instances to present tense, which is still not accurate. Readers were thus deprived of pondering and reflecting upon God’s wisdom in speaking in that way. They were also unaware of the “grammatical shifts” in the Qur’an, where there is a shift from one tense to the other and from plural to singular and vice versa, in addition to shifts between 1st, 2nd, and 3rd persons.

ix

Another important feature of this translation is its focus on standardization of the translation of Arabic terms. As in translation between any two languages, a single Arabic term can be translated into more than one English term. The word al-mutaqeen, for example, can be translated to ‘the pious’, ‘the righteous’, ‘the God-fearing’, or ‘the mindful of God’. A translator may be tempted to use alternative translations throughout his translation in order to enrich it with English vocabulary. The reader of the translation is thus deprived of the chance to notice how often and where the word al-mutaqeen is repeated, and in turn becomes deprived of seeing the Qur’anic picture of al-mutaqeen. For this reason the translation team strove to standardize terms as much as possible, so that the reader who searches for a certain term will be able to reach most, if not all, the contexts in which this term was mentioned throughout the Qur’an. Hence he/she will be able to contemplate them and reflect upon them in order to come up with the depiction of that particular term in the Qur’an. In most cases where an alternative term is used instead of the standardized term this is pointed out in a footnote. Another issue the translation team faced in this translation was the difference between Arabic and English syntax. In Arabic prose in general, and more so in the Qur’an, syntax rules are very flexible and quite different from those in English. The predicate of a sentence may sometimes be omitted and left to the speculation of the reader. In dealing with this the translation team sometimes resorted to writing words in brackets in order to make proper sentences in English. Thus, if the reader wishes to read the translated text as close as possible to how God spoke, he/she must read this translation without the words between brackets. In other instances, poetic license was used in order to give the reader a sense of the style of the Qur’an. For example, Surah 14 starts with: “Alif Lām Ra. A Scripture that We sent down to yousg, that you may …” Bridges’ translators did not add ‘This is’ in brackets as such: “Alif Lām Ra. )This is( a Scripture that We sent down to yousg, that you may…” so that the reader can sense the poetic nature of the Qur’an. Tadabbor is of two types, spiritual Tadabbor and intellectual Tadabbor. Spiritual Tadabbor is mentioned in the Qur’an in the following sign: ‫أفال يتدبرون الق راّن أم على قلوب أقفالها‬ (24 ‫)محمد‬

“Will they not ponder the Recital, or are there locks upon their hearts?” (Qur’an 47:24)

x

On the other hand, intellectual Tadabbor which is close to text reasoning is mentioned in the following sign: ْ ‫غ ي ِْر اللَّ ِه لَ َو َج دُوا فِ ي ِه‬ َ ‫أَفَ َال يَ ت َدَب َُّرونَ ْال قُ رْآنَ َولَ ْو َك انَ ِم ْن ِع ن ِد‬ ‫يرا‬ ً ِ‫اخ تِ َالفً ا َك ث‬ (82 ‫)النساء‬

“Do they not ponder the Recital? For had it been from any other than Allah, they would have found in it much discrepancy.” (Qur’an 4:82)

Spiritual Tadabbor is simply letting the Qur’an deal with the different feelings and emotions of the heart. God mentioned twelve beautiful traits of ʻIbad Ar-Rahman or ‘the servants of the AllMerciful’ and among them is that they interact emotionally with the revelations of God. ‫ع ْم يَ انً ا‬ ِ ‫َوالَّ ذِينَ ِإذَا ذُ ِ ّك ُروا ِب آَيَ ا‬ ُ ‫ص ًّم ا َو‬ ُ ‫ع لَ ْي َه ا‬ َ ‫ت َر ِبّ ِه ْم لَ ْم يَ ِخ ُّروا‬ (73 ‫)الفرقان‬

“And they are those who, when reminded of the signs of their Lord, do not fall before them deaf and blind.” (Qur’an 25:73)

xi

How can the reader practice spiritual Tadabbor? Simply put, every time the Qur’an mentions the reward of God or His grace or His blessings, the reader should passionately ask God to grant them to him/her. Likewise, when God’s punishment or anger are mentioned, the reader must seek God’s forgiveness and refuge. Whenever examples of good people like the mindful of God, the righteous, or the reformers are mentioned, the reader should ask God with all his/her heart to be among them. Whenever examples of sinful people like the hypocrites, the corrupters, or the deniers of God are mentioned, the reader should seek refuge with God from being one of them. In other words, every Qur’anic passage should be turned into a duaa, or a prayer, asking God for all that is good and taking refuge in Him from all that is bad. Intellectual Taddabor is a more sophisticated process and can take some time until it becomes fruitful, but the more one practices it, the more one will enjoy it and the more the pearls of the Qur’an will become apparent. There are different keys for intellectual Tadabbor, and they are all mentioned with examples in the “How to ponder the Qur’an even if you do not know Arabic” workshop (videos on Bridges Foundation YouTube channel). One of those keys is to approach the Qur’an humbly, like a student who seeks the knowledge and the wisdom of his/her professor. That is because intellectual Tadabbor is rather similar to text critiquing, except that in the case of the Qur’an the reader must keep searching for the wisdom, with conviction that it does exist—until it is revealed to him/her. However, if the reader approaches the Qur’an with arrogance and believes that he/she has found something erroneous or meaningless in the word of God, then nothings awaits him/her except misguidance. Let us take, as an example, sign number 26 of the third surah, namely Surat Al-Imran:

‫ع لَ ى ُك ِّل‬ ُ ‫قُ ِل اللَّ ُه َّم َم الِكَ ْال ُم ْل ِك ت ُؤْ تِ ي ْال ُم ْل كَ َم ْن ت َشَا ُء َوت َ ْن ِز‬ َ َ‫ع ْال ُم ْل كَ ِم َّم ْن ت َشَا ُء َوت ُ ِع ُّز َم ْن ت َشَا ُء َوت ُ ِذ ُّل َم ْن ت َشَا ُء بِ يَ دِكَ ْال َخ ي ُْر ِإنَّ ك‬ ‫ِير‬ َ ٌ ‫ش ْيءٍ قَ د‬ (26 ‫)آل عم ران‬

“Saysg, ‘O Allah, Master of the dominion, You grant dominion to whomever You will and You strip dominion from whoever You will, and You honor whomever You will and You humiliate whomever You will; in Your hand is all goodness. You are indeed All-Powerful over everything.” (Qur’an 3:26)

The reader must reflect upon the structure of this portion of the Qur’an. Why are the words ‘whomever You will’ repeated four times? An arrogant reader could stray away by thinking that this is an error or a meaningless repetition and that this text is wordy and would have been better as follows:

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‘Saysg, ‘O Allah, Master of the dominion, You honor and grant dominion to whomever You will and You humiliate and strip dominion from whomever You will.’ That way, ‘whomever You will’ would have been mentioned only twice, and the text would have been shorter. This arrogant mentality blinds the eyes from seeing the wisdom of God—which is hidden behind the words—and leads one to stray away from the Qur’an. But if the reader approaches the Qur’an humbly as a student of knowledge and a seeker of the Divine wisdom, and if the reader utilizes his/her intellect, he/she might understand that the way the text is structured—with the term ‘whomever You will’ repeated four times—denotes that God is purposefully separating dominion and authority from honor. In other words, a person can be given authority and dominion yet be humiliated, while another can lose dominion and authority yet be honored. The reader should also try reading the consecutive surahs of the Qur’an with and without the Basmallah (the sentence “In the name of Allah, the All-Merciful, the Bestower of mercy” which exists in all surahs except the ninth)—which is one of the modes of recitation (Qira’at Hamza)—in order to realize the correlation and the interconnection of the ideas between the different surahs. For example, the last sign of Surat Al-Isra’ correlates with the first sign of the next surah, namely Surat Al-Kahf. Surat Al-Isra’ ends as follows: ‫يرا‬ ً ‫ي ِم نَ ال ذُّ ِّل َو َك ِبّ ْرهُ ت َ ْك ِب‬ ٌّ ‫َوقُ ِل ْال َح ْم دُ ِل لَّ ِه الَّ ذِي لَ ْم يَ ت َّ ِخ ْذ َولَ دًا َولَ ْم يَ ُك ْن لَ هُ ش َِريكٌ فِ ي ْال ُم ْل ِك َولَ ْم يَ ُك ْن لَ هُ َو ِل‬ (111 ‫)اإلس راء‬

“And saysg, “All praise be to Allah, Who has not taken any offspring (for Himself), nor has He ever had an associate in the dominion, nor has He ever had an ally out of humbleness. And glorify Him constantly.” (Qur’an 17:111)

Then Surat Al Kahf starts as follows: ‫َاب َولَ ْم يَ جْ عَ ْل لَ هُ ِع َو ًج ا‬ َ ‫ع لَ ى‬ َ ‫ْال َح ْم دُ ِل لَّ ِه الَّ ذِي أ َ ْن زَ َل‬ َ ‫ع ْب ِد ِه ْال ِك ت‬ (1 ‫)الكهف‬

“All praise be to Allah, Who sent down the Scripture upon His servant and has not made therein any crookedness;” (Quran 18:01)

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The last sign of Surah 17 starts with a command “And saysg, ‘All praise be to Allah’”, while the next sign which happens to be the first sign in the next surah starts with, “All praise be to Allah”. The reader should also realize the correlation of the signs in the beginning of a surah with those towards its end, as well as the correlation of a sign with the theme of the whole surah and with the context in which it came. In this translation, many grammatical shifts are pointed out for the reader. These include shifts in the tenses of verbs, or from plural to singular and vice versa, in addition to shifts between 1st, 2nd, and 3rd persons. All of these constitute a huge pool for reflection. For example, the Qur’an says: ‫ع َم ِل ِه َوات َّبَ عُ وا أ َ ْه َوا َء ُه ْم‬ ُ ُ‫ع لَ ى بَ ِيّ نَ ٍة ِم ْن َر ِبّ ِه َك َم ْن ُز ِيّ نَ لَ ه‬ َ َ‫أَفَ َم ْن َك ان‬ َ ‫س و ُء‬ (14 ‫)محمد‬

“Is someone who relies on evident proof from his Lord like someone the evil of whose work was adorned for him? And they followed their own whims.” (Qur’an 47:14)

One would expect the sign to end with “And he followed his own whim”, since the sign from its beginning speaks about a single person. The sign would then be:

“Is someone who relies on evident proof from his Lord like someone the evil of whose work was adorned for him? And he followed his own whim.” So why did the Qur’an suddenly shift to plural in the last part of this sign? Is it because the person was described as an object “whose work was adorned for him”, which may make some readers sympathize with him, believing he was a victim of Satan and therefore not fully responsible for his actions? Thus, the Qur’an shifted to plural in saying “and they followed their own whims” in order to send a message to the heart of the reader that such people are not victims of the devil; rather, every single one of them was following his own whim when he disobeyed, and therefore deserves no sympathy. The translation team also adhered to the original tenses as mentioned in the Qur’an, regardless of how the reader may receive it. God spoke about the future events of the Hereafter around 500 times in the Qur’an using past tense. As mentioned before, most of the other translations changed it to future tense and in very few occasions Marmaduke Pickthall changed it to present tense. However, normally in the Arabic language—like in the English language—past tense does not denote future, although present tense sometimes does. This defies the rationale behind translating past tense in the original Qur’an text to future in English whenever the translator sees fit. Because of the liberties taken in these translations, xiv

readers cannot reflect upon God’s wisdom in addressing a future event in past tense because they are unaware of the way it was originally said in Arabic. God may have mentioned the future events of the Hereafter in past tense in order to emphasize that they will definitely happen (as if they have already happened), or to express that these events have already happened in His knowledge. Alternatively, it may be so because God is the First and the Last, (the First without a beginning and the Last without an end) and therefore what is future for us is not future for Him and He is not bound by time. Another explanation is that the dimensions of the Hereafter — including time — are different from the dimensions in our earlier life in this world. Many other reflections can also come to the mind of the reader if he/she is given access to how the Lord spoke without other humans appointing themselves as guardians, editing the Divine rhetoric in a way that they believe to be better for the reader. Two beautiful examples of the use of past tense in describing events of the Hereafter are the following two signs: ْ ‫َو ِس يقَ الَّ ذِينَ َك فَ ُروا ِإلَ ى َج َه نَّ َم ُز َم ًرا َح ت َّى ِإذَا َج ا ُءوهَا فُ تِ َح‬ . . .‫ت أَب َْوابُ َه ا َوقَ ا َل لَ ُه ْم َخ زَنَ ت ُ َه ا‬ (71 ‫)الزمر‬

“And those who denied were driven to Hell in throngs, until, when they had reached it, its gates were opened and its keepers said to them . . .” (Quran 39:71)

ْ ‫َو ِس يقَ الَّ ذِينَ ات َّقَ ْوا َربَّ ُه ْم إِلَ ى ْال َج نَّ ِة ُز َم ًرا َح ت َّى إِذَا َج ا ُءوهَا َوفُ تِ َح‬ َ‫ع لَ ْي ُك ْم ِط ْب ت ُ ْم فَ ا ْد ُخ لُ وهَا َخ ا ِل دِين‬ َ ‫س َال ٌم‬ َ ‫ت أَب َْوابُ َه ا َوقَ ا َل لَ ُه ْم َخ زَنَ ت ُ َه ا‬ (73 ‫)الزمر‬

“And those who were mindful of their Lord were driven to the Garden (of Paradise) in throngs,, until, when they had reached it and its gates were opened and its keepers said to them, ‘Peace be upon you, you have been good, so enter it, to abide.’” (Qur’an 39:73)

I suggest that every reader of this translation of the Qur’an watch the videos of the workshop on Tadabbor (pondering) the Qur’an�

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The Ten Qira’at of the Qur’an Bridges’ translation of the ten Qira’at (modes of recitation) is the first translation to embrace the ten modes of recitation. Only the variations which affect the meaning were considered, while the dialectical variations were not pointed out, since they would naturally have the same meaning. It is very important for the reader to know that although in some instances he/she may find a considerable difference in the meaning and sentence structure in English, the Arabic variations are usually extremely slight, most of the time a mere diacritical mark (a mark used as a phonetic guide) above or under the word. For example, the Quran says: ٍ ‫ت َك ِل َم ا‬ ٍ ‫فَ ت َلَ قَّ ى آَدَ ُم ِم ْن َر ِبّ ِه َك ِل َم ا‬ ‫الر ِح ي ُم‬ ُ ‫ع لَ ْي ِه ِإنَّ هُ ه َُو ال ت َّ َّو‬ َّ ‫اب‬ َ ‫َاب‬ َ ‫ت فَ ت‬ (37 ‫)البقرة‬

“Fatalaqqā Ādamu Min Rabbihi Kalimātin Fatāba ʿAlayhi Innahu Huwa L-tawābu L-raḥīm.” (Qur’an 2:37)

If the name ‘Adam’ is written with a damma diacritic above the last letter, as above, it is pronounced as ‘Adamu’, in which case it indicates that ‘Adam’ is the subject of the sentence, the doer of the verb. But if it has a fat’ha diacritic above the last letter, it is pronounced ‘Adama’, in which case it indicates that ‘Adam’ is the object of the sentence. This variation does not appear in the Arabic text except as a single difference in a diacritical mark, while in the English translation it appears as a major difference in sentence structure. Thus according to the first way of recitation, the translation is: “Thereupon Adam received words from his Lord. Thus, He granted him repentance and accepted it from him.” According to the second way of recitation, the translation is: “Thereupon Adam was received by words from His Lord. Thus, He granted him repentance and accepted it from him.”

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The first Qira’a (mode of recitation), which is that of the majority of Imams, emphasizes the duty of the human being to repent, while the Qira’a of Imam Ibn Kathir emphasizes the spiritual metaphor: that even when man repents, it is the words of repentance which embrace him. The above example illustrates the fact that the different Qira’at are actually a source of enrichment of the Qur’an. Never do the different Qira’at give conflicting meanings. Rather, they complement one another and add depth to the meaning—something which can be appreciated by pondering the difference caused by a mere variation in a single diacritical mark. This is not something that came by chance. It was an unprecedented linguistic tool intended by the Creator to lend further magnificence to the Noble Qur’an and add to its miraculous aspects a linguistic one. To properly fathom the process of the revelation of the Qur’an, it is important to understand that the Revelation descended upon Prophet Muhammad’s heart. This is stated in the Qur’an itself: ‫ين‬ ُّ ‫ نَزَ َل ِب ِه‬١٩٢ َ‫َو ِإنَّ هُ لَ ت َ ْن ِزي ُل َربّ ِ ْال عَ الَ ِم ين‬ َ ١٩٣ ُ‫الرو ُح ْال َ ِم ين‬ َ ‫ان‬ َ ‫ ِب ِل‬١٩٤ َ‫ع لَ ى قَ ْل ِب كَ ِل ت َ ُك ونَ ِم نَ ْال ُم ْن ذ ِِرين‬ ٍ ‫ي ٍ ُم ِب‬ ٍ ‫س‬ ّ ‫ع َر ِب‬

١٩٥

(195-192 ‫)الشع راء‬

“192 And most surely, it is a bestowal from on high from the Lord of all realms. 193 The Trustworthy Spirit came down with it 194 upon yoursg heart, that you may be of the forewarners, 195 in an evident Arabic tongue.” (Qur’an 26:192-195)

The Qur’an also says:

َ‫ؤْم نِين‬ ِ ‫ص ِدّقً ا ِل َم ا بَ يْنَ يَ دَ ْي ِه َو ُه دًى َوبُ ْش َرى ِل ْل ُم‬ َ ُ‫ع د ًُّوا ِل ِج ب ِْري َل فَ إِنَّ هُ ن ََّزلَ ه‬ َ َ‫قُ ْل َم ْن َك ان‬ َ ‫ع لَ ى قَ ْل بِ كَ بِ إِ ْذ ِن اللَّ ِه ُم‬ (97 ‫)البقرة‬

“Saysg, “Whoever is an enemy to Gabriel—for indeed, it is he who has bestowed it upon yoursg heart from on high by Allah’s leave, confirming what preceded it, and guidance and glad tidings for the believers.” (Qur’an 2:97)

Accordingly, it can be said that the Qur’an was revealed to the heart of the Prophet (peace be upon him) as a single entity, including its meanings, its dialects and all matters related to it.

xvii

To describe the process of revelation, the Prophet said: “Sometimes it is revealed like the ringing of a bell; this form of Inspiration is the hardest of all, and then this state passes off after I have grasped what was inspired.” (Sahih Al-Bukhari) This is certainly not the only way in which the revelation descended upon the Prophet’s heart, but that in which most revelation took place. Mankind are commanded to worship God by articulating the words of the Qur’an correctly, as they were uttered by the Prophet. They are also commanded to worship through understanding, contemplating and applying the Qur’an in their lives. According to Imam Ibn Al-Jazri (may Allah have mercy on him) in his book “Al-Nashr in the ten Qiraat”, it has undoubtedly been ordained upon the nation to worship Allah by understanding the meanings of the Qur’an and applying its instructions, and it has also been ordained upon the nation to worship Allah by perfecting its articulation according to what was received from Prophet Muhammad and in compliance with the native Arabic language rules that cannot be breached. When Gabriel (Jibreel) revealed the Qur’an to the Prophet’s heart, the Prophet asked him to facilitate the learning of the Qur’an and make it easy to articulate.

(peace be upon him)

The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: “O Jibreel! I have been sent to an illiterate nation among whom are the elderly woman, the old man, the boy and the girl, and the man who cannot read a book at all.” He said: “O Muhammad! Indeed, the Qur’an was revealed in seven dialects (aḥrûf).” )Jamiʽ at-Tirmidhi( It is known that Arabs at that time had different dialects, as they do today: the Syrian dialect is different from the Egyptian dialect, and both are different from the Iraqi dialect, and so on. Thus was the situation during the era of the Prophet (peace be upon him). For example, Arabs from the tribe of Huzail pronounced the word ḥatta (‘until’ in English) as ‘Aatta. Arabs from the tribe of Tamīm pronounced the hamza in their speech while Arabs from Quraysh did not. Arabs from the tribe of Bani Asad and Bani Qays inclined the letter A, so they pronounced the words Mousa (‘Moses’ in English) and ‘Issa (‘Jesus’ in English) as Mousai and ʻIssai, respectively. When some Arabs say Khabīran Başīran (meaning ‘All-Aware, All-Seeing’) they pronounce it with a light R, while others pronounce it with a heavy R. Another example is the word salāt (meaning ‘prayer’): some Arabs pronounce it with a light L, while others pronounce it with a heavy L. All of these are examples of variations in ordinary Arabic speech.

xviii

So if all Arabs had been forced to pronounce the words of the Qur’an in the same way, this would have been very difficult for them and it might have become a burden upon the people at that time. Thus God revealed it in seven different Arabic dialects (aḥrûf). Al-Bukhari and Muslim reported that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: “Jibreel read the Qur’an to me in one dialect (harf) and I continued asking him to read it in different dialects (aḥrûf) until he read it in seven different dialects (aḥrûf).” Following is the detailed narration of the ḥadith: “The Messenger of Allah was by a pond belonging to Banu Ghifar when Jibreel (peace be upon him) came to him and said, ‘Allah commands you to teach your nation the Qur’an in one dialect (harf, or way of recitation).’

He said, ‘I ask my Lord for protection and forgiveness; my nation cannot bear that.’ Then he came to him a second time and said, ‘Allah commands you to teach your nation the Qur’an in two dialects (aḥrûf).’ He said, ‘I ask my Lord for protection and forgiveness; my nation cannot bear that.’ Then he came to him a third time and said, ‘Allah commands you to teach your nation the Qur’an in three dialects (aḥrûf).’ He said, ‘I ask my Lord for protection and forgiveness; my nation cannot bear that.’ Then he came to him a fourth time and said, ‘Allah commands you to teach your nation the Qur’an in seven dialects (aḥrûf), and whichever way they recite, it will be correct.” (Sunan an-Nasa’i) When the prophet was asked about the seven dialects (aḥrûf) he said: “O Ubai, the Qur’an has been revealed in seven dialects (ahruf); each is curing and sufficient.’’ (Sunan an-Nasa’i)

The revelation of the Quran in seven different dialects not only facilitated its recitation for the Arabs at that time, but enriched the meaning of its text, as well. Thus the variation of the seven dialects has two aspects: the dialectical aspect and the ‘enrichment of meaning’ aspect. The following incident between ‘Umar Ibn el-Khattab and Hisham Ibn Hakim Ibn Hizam pleased with them) reflects this fact:

(may Allah be

‘Umar said: “I entered the mosque and heard Hisham reciting words differently from the way the Messenger of God had taught me. When I heard him reciting Surat Al-Furqan, I was about to quarrel with him (during the prayer) but I waited until he finished, then I pulled him from his garment and brought him to Allah’s Messenger and said, ‘O Messenger of Allah, I heard this man reciting Surat Al-Furqan

xix

differently from the way you recited it to me.’ The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, ‘Let him go.’ Then he said, ‘Recite, Hisham,’ and Hisham recited as I had heard him recite. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, ‘It was sent down like that.’ Then he said to me, ‘Recite,’ and I recited the surah, and he said, ‘It was sent down like that. This Qur’an was sent down in seven (different) ahruf (dialects), so recite from it whatever is easy for you.’” (Muwatta Malik) Thus they read the Qur’an according to what they had learned and according to the knowledge they had received from the prophet of God, and he in turn had received it from God through the angel Jibreel. The Qur’an says: ‫يم‬ ٍ ‫ع ِل‬ ٍ ‫َو ِإنَّ كَ لَ ت ُلَ قَّ ى ْال قُ ْرآَنَ ِم ْن لَ د ُْن َح ِك‬ َ ‫يم‬ (6 ‫)النمل‬

“And indeed, yousg are surely receiving the Qur’an from One who is All-Wise, All-Knowing.” (Qur’an 27:6)

Since then, the Qur’an has been taught by scholars through a continuous chain of narration tracing back to the Prophet (peace be upon him). One of the hadiths that proves that the Qur’an was revealed to the Prophet (peace be upon him) in more than one way of recitation is that told by ʻAisha, the wife of the Prophet (peace be upon him) and one of the ‘Mothers of the believers’—a title given to the wives of the Prophet. It is related to sign 89 of Surat Al-Waqiʻah. Together with the sign before it, it is read by the vast majority of reciters as: ٌ ‫ فَ َر ْو ٌح َو َر ْي َح‬٨٨ َ‫فَ أ َ َّم ا ِإ ْن َك انَ ِم نَ ْال ُم قَ َّر ِب ين‬ ٨٩ ‫يم‬ ٍ ‫ان َو َج نَّ ةُ نَ ِع‬ (89-88 ‫)الواقعة‬

“Fa-‘ammā in Kāna Mina l-Muqarabīn (88) Fa-rawḥun Wa-rayḥānun Wa-jannatu Naʿīm” (Qur’an 56:88-89)

This is translated as: “Yet, if he is one of those brought near (to God), 89 then serenity and fragrant plants and a Garden of Bliss.” ʻAisha, the Mother of the believers narrated, “I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) read: ‘. . . Fa-ruhun Wa-rayḥānun Wa-jannatu Naʿīm.’” (Sunan Abi Dawud) xx

In Arabic the word Fa-rawḥun, though written in the same way as Fa-ruhun, has a different meaning because of the difference in pronunciation caused by a single change in a diacritical mark; it is translated as: “Yet, if he is one of those brought near (to God), 89 then a soul with fragrant plants and a Garden of Bliss.” This is indeed the way of recitation narrated by Roways and documented to this day.

xxi

Some examples of the seven dialects (aḥrûf)

The first example is from the first Surah, Al-Fatiha. It says: ‫ِين‬ ِ ّ‫َم ا ِل ِك يَ ْو ِم ال د‬ (4 ‫)الفاتحة‬

“ . . . Māliki Yawmi –Dīn.” (Quran 1:4)

Mālik is also pronounced as Malik. This variation is not related to the different dialects; rather it serves to enrich the meaning, as the word Mālik has a different meaning from Malik. Mālik means the ‘Master’ or the ‘Owner’ (of the day of recompense), while Malik means ‘King’ (of the day of recompense). The next example, also in Surat Al-Fatiha, illustrates differences related to the dialectical aspect. It says: َ ‫ص َرا‬ ‫يم‬ ّ ِ ‫ا ْه ِدنَا ال‬ َ ‫ط ْال ُم ْس ت َ ِق‬ (6 ‫)الفاتحة‬

“Ihdinā Aş-Şirāţa Al-Mustaqīm.” (Qur’an 1:6)

Some dialects pronounce it with a light S, others pronounce it with a heavy S, while some others pronounce it with a Z instead of the S; all of these pronunciations are correct, and they are all of the same meaning. The following example shows that sometimes the seven dialects (aḥrûf) serve to further explain the text. It also exemplifies how modes of recitation can differ because of mere differences in the position of the dots on the letters.

xxii

The Qura’n says: َ‫ع لَ ى َم ا فَ عَ ْل ت ُ ْم نَاد ِِم ين‬ ْ ُ ‫ص ي بُ وا قَ ْو ًم ا ِب َج َه الَ ٍة فَ ت‬ َ ‫ص ِب ُح وا‬ ِ ُ ‫يَ ا أَيُّ َه ا الَّ ذِينَ آ َ َم نُ وا ِإ ْن َج ا َء ُك ْم فَ ا ِس ٌق ِب نَ بَ ٍأ فَ ت َبَ يَّ نُ وا أ َ ْن ت‬ (6 ‫)الحج رات‬

“Yāayyuhā Alladhīna āmanū in Jāakum Fāsiqun Binaba-in Fatabayyanū an Tuṣībū Qawman Bijahālatin Fatuṣ’biḥū ʿAlā Mā Faʿaltum Nādimīn.” (Qur’an 49:6)

This is how it is recited by the majority of reciters, and is translated as: “O you who have attained faith, if an ungodly person brings you any news, investigate (the matter), lest you harm a people out of ignorance and thus become regretful for what you have done.” However, Hamza, Al-Kesa’i and Khalaf recited it as ‘Fatathabbatū (because of differences in the number and placement of dots on three of the letters in the word). This is translated as:

“O you who have attained faith, if an ungodly person brings you any news, ascertain (the truth), lest you harm a people out of ignorance and thus become regretful for what you have done.” The presence of these two versions adds great depth to the meaning. In the first case, the text emphasizes the importance of not taking action regarding a certain matter, except after a thorough investigation of such matter. The question that comes to mind is whether one can start taking some preliminary action, while a lengthy investigation of the matter takes its course. This is where the other mode of recitation lends insight, as it states that one must wait till fully ascertaining the truth before taking action.

Following is another example of how the Qira’at serve to further explain the text: The Qur’an says: َ‫ص َالةِ ِم ْن يَ ْو ِم ْال ُج ُم عَ ِة فَ ا ْس عَ ْوا ِإلَ ى ِذ ْك ِر اللَّ ِه َوذَ ُروا ْال بَ ْي َع ذَ ِل ُك ْم َخ ي ٌْر لَ ُك ْم ِإ ْن ُك ْن ت ُ ْم ت َ ْع لَ ُم ون‬ َّ ‫ِي ِل ل‬ َ ‫يَ ا أَيُّ َه ا الَّ ذِينَ آ َ َم نُ وا ِإذَا نُ ود‬ (9 ‫)الجمعة‬

“Yā ‘Ayyuhā Al-Ladhīna ‘Āmanū ‘Idhā Nūdī Lişşalāati Min Yawmi Al-Jumu‘ati Fās‘aw ‘Ilá Dhikri Allah Wa Dharū Al-Bay‘a Dhālikum Khayrun Lakum ‘In Kuntum Ta‘lamūn” (Qur’an 62:9)

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This is translated as: “O you who have attained faith, when the call to prayer is made on Friday, hasten to the remembrance of Allah and leave aside all selling; that is better for you if you only knew.” The word ‘Fās‘aw’ means ‘hasten to’, while in another Qira’a it is recited as ‘Wamdu’ which means ‘go to’� The next example shows how the seven dialects (aḥrûf) enriched the meaning of the Qur’an. The Qur’an says: ‫ص لًّ ى‬ َ ‫يم ُم‬ َ .. َ ‫وات َّ ِخ ذُوا ِم ْن َم قَ ِام إِب َْرا ِه‬. (125 ‫)البقرة‬

“. . .Wa Attakhidhū Min Maqāmi ‘Ibrāhīma Muşallá. . .” (Qur’an 2:125)

It means “And takepl from Abraham’s standing place a place of prayer.” Thus the meaning is simply a command for people to take the Maqam (standing place) of Abraham as a place of prayer. In another dialect or way of reciting the Qur’an it is: “Wa Attakhadhū Min Maqāmi ‘Ibrāhīma Muşallá”, which means “And they took from Abraham’s standing place a place of prayer.” So the meaning is simply that the people of previous nations took the Maqam of Ibrahim as a place of prayer. The next example shows how a combination of deletion or addition of one letter, coupled with changes in two diacritical marks in another word can lead to a depth and breadth of meaning. The Qur’an says: ْ ‫اف أ َ ْن يُ بَ ِدّ َل دِي نَ ُك ْم أ َ ْو أ َ ْن ي‬ ُ ‫س ى َو ْل يَ ْد‬ َ‫س اد‬ ِ ‫ُظ ِه َر فِ ي ْال َ ْر‬ ُ ‫ع َربَّ هُ إِ ِنّ ي أ َ َخ‬ َ ‫َوقَ ا َل فِ ْر‬ َ َ‫ض ْال ف‬ َ ‫ع ْونُ ذَ ُرونِ ي أ َ ْق ت ُ ْل ُم و‬ (26 ‫)غافر‬

“Waqāla Fir‘awnu Dharūnī Aqtul Mūsā Walyad‘u Rabbahu Innī Akhāfu An Yubaddila Dīnakum Aw An Yuẓ’hira Fī l-arḍi L-fasād.” (Qur’an 40.26)

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This is translated as: And Pharaoh said, “Let me kill Moses, and let him call upon his Lord; indeed, I am afraid that he may exchange yourpl religion or that he may cause corruption to appear in the land.” An alternative mode of recitation is: “Waqāla Fir‘awnu Dharūnī Aqtul Mūsā Walyadʿu Rabbahu Innī Akhāfu An Yubaddila Dīnakum Wa An Yuẓ’hira Fī l-arḍi L-fasād.” The deletion of one letter here results in what is translated as: And Pharaoh said, “Let me kill Moses, and let him call upon his Lord; indeed, I am afraid that he may exchange yourpl religion and that he may cause corruption to appear in the land.” Another mode of recitation is: “Waqāla Fir‘awnu Dharūnī Aqtul Mūsā Walyadʿu Rabbahu Innī Akhāfu An Yubaddila Dīnakum Aw An Yaẓ’hara Fī l-arḍi L-fasād.” The change of two diacritical marks on one word here results in what is translated as: And Pharaoh said, “Let me kill Moses, and let him call upon his Lord; indeed, I am afraid that he may exchange yourpl religion or that corruption may appear in the land.” Yet another mode of recitation combines the deletion of one letter as well as the change in the two diacritical marks:

“Waqāla Fir‘awnu Dharūnī Aqtul Mūsā Walyadʿu Rabbahu Innī Akhāfu An Yubaddila Dīnakum Wa An Yaẓ’hara Fī l-arḍi L-fasād.” This results is what is translated as: And Pharaoh said, “Let me kill Moses, and let him call upon his Lord; indeed, I am afraid that he may exchange yourpl religion and that corruption may appear in the land.” Thus the four different modes of recitation caused by minimal changes add a wealth of meaning to the text. Together they give the impression that there was a prolonged and in-depth meeting between xxv

Pharaoh and his advisors where all possibilities were put forward regarding the imminent ‘danger’ posed by Moses: that he may either lead them to change their religion or cause corruption; that he may both lead them to change their religion and cause corruption; that he may lead them to change their religion or that corruption may eventually occur, though not caused directly by Moses; and finally, that he may lead them to change their religion and that corruption would eventually occur, though not caused directly by Moses. It is clear that the four different modes of recitation managed to convey the many different scenarios and opinions voiced during that meeting, without a need for a lengthy explanation. This exemplifies the way in which the different Qira’at allow the Qur’an to maintain its brevity while conveying a wealth of meaning. Another example of how the different Qira’at enable the Qur’an to paint a vivid portrait while maintaining its brevity is the following: The Quran says: َ‫ع ْونَ قَ الُ وا إِ َّن لَ نَا َلَجْ ًرا إِ ْن ُك نَّ ا نَحْ نُ ْال غَا ِل بِ ين‬ َّ ‫َو َج ا َء ال‬ َ ‫س َح َرة ُ فِ ْر‬ (113 ‫)الع راف‬

“Wajāa L-saḥaratu Fir‘awna Qālū A’inna Lanā La-ajran In kunnā Naḥnu L-ghālibīn.” (Qur’an 7:113)

This is translated as: “Thus the sorcerers came to Pharaoh. They said, “Is there a reward for us if we are the overcomers?” In another mode of recitation where only one letter is removed, this sign is read as: “Wajāa L-saḥaratu Fir‘awna Qālū Inna Lanā La-ajran In kunnā Naḥnu L-ghālibīn.” The translated text thus becomes: “Thus the sorcerers came to Pharaoh. They said, “Surely there is a reward for us if we are the overcomers.”

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The combination of these two modes of recitation makes a long story short and gives us insight into the sorcerers’ state of mind: they entered upon Pharaoh, eager to know whether they would be rewarded in case of their success (as exemplified in the first mode of recitation). Before Pharaoh’s answer comes in the next sign, we can gather from the alternative mode of recitation that they were indeed reassured that they would receive a hefty reward, and thereby proceeded to excitedly exclaim to one another that there would surely be a great reward (as exemplified in the second mode of recitation), thus motivating one another to succeed in their mission. This state of total belief in Pharaoh and eagerness to support him is in stark contrast to their change of position after they realized the truth of Moses’ message, as shown later in the same surah. All the modes of recitation are Divine because, as mentioned before, Muslims read the Qur’an according to what they received from the prophet of God, who in turn received it from God through the angel Jibreel. After that, the Qur’an was taught by scholars through a continuous chain of narration tracing back to the companions of the Prophet (peace be upon him) . They not only heard the Qur’an from the Prophet (peace be upon him), but also recited it to him as a way of revising what they had memorized. Ibn Masʻoud said: “The Messenger of Allah said to me, ‘Recite Surat Al-Nisa’. I asked, ‘Shall I recite to you what was sent down to you?’ He replied, ‘I like to hear it from others.’ So I recited (it) until I reached this sign (ayah) ‘So how will it be when We bring forth a witness from every community and We bring yousg forth as a witness over all these?’ Then I raised my head and saw tears falling from his eyes.” (Sunan Abi Dawud) What is important here is that Ibn Masʻoud (may Allah be pleased with him) recited the Qur’an in the presence of the Prophet, as did the other companions of the Prophet (peace be upon him). ‘Abdullah Ibn Masʻoud said, “I memorized from the mouth of the Prophet more than seventy chapters of the Qur’an.” Um Hisham Bint-Alharith said: “I memorized Surat Qaf from the mouth of the Messenger of Allah; he would recite it in his speech every Friday”. (Sunan Abi Dawud) Jubair Ibn Mutʻim also said: “I heard the Messenger of Allah reciting Surat Al-Tur in the sunset prayer.” (Sunan Abi Dawud) Imam Muslim also reported that Ubai bin Kaʻb narrated that the Prophet told him, “Surely Allah, the Exalted and Glorious, has commanded me to recite the Qur’an to you,’ whereupon he said: ‘(Has) xxvii

Allah mentioned my name to you?’ He said, ‘Allah has mentioned your name to me.’ Thereupon he began to shed tears.” ‘Asem—one of the reciters of the ten Qira’at (modes of recitation) —narrated through a chain of narration tracing back to At-Tufayl ibn Ubai ibin Kaʻb, that Ubai had been asked, ‘What did the Prophet mean when he told you that Allah had commanded him to recite the Qur’an to you?’ He answered, ‘Allah commanded the Prophet to do so, to make me follow the Prophet’s mode in reciting the Qur’an.’ This means that God desired that Ubai learn the Qur’an directly from the Prophet. Furthermore, the Prophet recommended some of the reciters of the Qur’an. He said: “Learn the recitation of the Qur’an from four: from ‘Abdullah bin Masʻud—he started with him, Salim, the freed slave of Abu Hudaifa, Muʻadh bin Jabal and Ubai bin Kaʻb.” (Sahih Al-Bukhari) The Messenger of Allah also said, “Whoever would like to recite the Qur’an as fresh as when it was revealed, let him recite it like Ibn Umm ‘Abd (‘Abdullah Ibn Masʻoud)” (Sunan Ibn Majah) Imam Muslim reported that ‘Abdullah Ibn ‘Abbas said: “The Messenger of Allah used to teach us tashahhud as he would teach us a surah of the Qur’an.” (Sahih Muslim) Prophet Muhammad also encouraged his companions to teach the Qur’an to others. He said about the virtue of the Qur’an, “The best amongst you is the one who learns the Qur’an and teaches it.” (Sahih Al-Bukhari)

He also said: “Convey from me even one sign (ayah) of the Qur’an.” (Sahih Al-Bukhari) Thus each learner eventually became a teacher, and some of the companions were then assigned to teach the Qur’an to the people. Al-Ansar (the people of Yathrib which later became known as Madinah) sent a message to the Prophet—before his migration from Makkah—saying that they needed a teacher to teach them the Qur’an and explain to them the religion. He assigned Musʻab Ibn ‘Umair, who excelled in teaching them the Qur’an to such a degree that they called him Al-Muqriʾ or ‘the teacher of recitation’. After the conquest of Makkah, the Prophet (peace be upon him) left Muʻadh Ibn Jabal in Makkah to teach its citizens the Qur’an, and whenever an emigrant came to the Prophet, he assigned one of the companions to teach him the fundamentals of Islam: how to perform prayer, tashahhud and Qur’an.

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‘Ubada Ibn As-Samet said, “Whenever any convert to Islam came to the Prophet, he used to assign one of us to teach him the Qur’an. He assigned me to teach one of them, so he stayed with me in my home to have dinner and learn the Qur’an.” ‘Ubada also said, “I have taught some of the people of As-Suffa (homeless people who slept in the mosque) the Qur’an and how to write.” It is therefore obvious that the companions were extremely busy learning the Qur’an and teaching it to others. The Prophet used to present the Qur’an once a year during the month of Ramadan to angel Jibreel, but in the last Ramadan before the Prophet died, he presented it all twice. This second time was called ‘the last presentation’. It was the final version of the Qur’an in one dialect only and it contained only remnants of the seven dialects which had mostly been abrogated. This final presentation was attended by a number of the companions of the Prophet (peace be upon him). After the death of the Prophet (peace be upon him), Abu Bakr became his first Caliph (successor of the Prophet). Battles were launched against the separatist apostates, and during these battles, many memorizers of the Qur’an were killed. Seriously concerned about that matter, ‘Umar Ibn Al-Khattab discussed it with Abu Bakr; he suggested that since many reciters had been killed, it would be safer that the Qur’an be collected in the form of a book. Abu Bakr said to ‘Umar, “How can I do something Prophet Muhammad did not do?” ‘Umar said to Abu Bakr, “This is a good thing and it should be accomplished”. Abu Bakr was convinced with the idea, and he called Zayd Ibn Thabit for this mission and told him the reasons why he had chosen him. “You are youthful, mindful, and honest. In addition to that, you used to scribe the revelation for the Prophet.” Thus Abu Bakr assigned him to authenticate and collect the oral and textual Qur’anic revelations into a single bound volume. Zayd Ibn Thabit asked Abu Bakr and ‘Umar, “How can you ask me to do something that Prophet Muhammad did not do?’’ But Abu Bakr convinced him to accept the mission. About this heavy responsibility Zayd Ibn Thabit said, “If they had asked me to carry a mountain, it would have been easier than this mission.” Zayd Ibn Thabit followed a certain procedure in collecting and authenticating the Qur’an. He announced that any companion who had any parchment of any Qur’anic text that was written in the presence of the Prophet of God should submit it to him with another witness acknowledging that this piece had been written in the presence of the Prophet himself. Thus he managed to copy the whole Qur’an in one volume. Only its signs had been put in order (in each surah), while its surahs (chapters) had not yet been put in order. xxix

It is important to know that whenever any revelation descended upon Prophet Muhammad’s heart, he used to ask one of his companions to write down what was revealed, and if there were no companions with him, he would call one or two of them to come and write down whatever he had received of the Qur’an. Those were called the Scribes of the Qur’an, and there were forty eight of them. Next, the companion who had written down whatever the Prophet had received would read what he had written down to the Prophet (peace be upon him), so that if there was any error or missing word, the Prophet would correct it. Once the Prophet authenticated that part of the Qur’an, he ordered the companions to teach it to others. Thus the divine text had been recorded immediately upon revelation on palm parchments, pieces of leather, and any of the writing tools of that time. Zayd Ibn Thabit left the prepared sheets with Abu Bakr before he died; Abu Bakr in turn gave the sheets to ‘Umar who in turn gave it to his daughter Hafsah, who was one of the ‘Mothers of the believers’. This copy remained with Hafsah in the era of Caliph ‘Uthman (may Allah be pleased with them all). Caliph ‘Uthman was deeply involved in the Islamic conquests that reached the Far East. The main armies which were involved in the conquests were the Levantine army and the Iraqi army. The soldiers of the Levantine army used to recite the Qur’an in Abu Al-Darda’s mode of recitation, or Qira’a, while the Iraqi army used to recite the Qur’an in ʻAbdullah Ibn Masʻoud’s mode, or Qira’a. The members of the army used to teach the Qur’an to the people who chose to embrace Islam after the conquests were achieved. Some disputes took place when the soldiers heard each other reciting the Qur’an in different ways. One day Hudhayfah Ibn Al-Yaman witnessed two soldiers accusing each other of infidelity because of both of them being ignorant of the different modes of Qur’anic recitation. Hudhayfah Ibn Al-Yaman sped back to Madinah to tell ‘Uthman about the situation, since it could be a source of great conflict. Hudhayfah said, ‘O chief of the believers, save the nation from confusion, before they become disunited like Jews and Christians,’ and he told him about the incident of the two soldiers which he had witnessed. ‘Uthman then discussed the matter with the companions, and they decided to compile the Qur’an in one book in accordance with the last presentation of the Prophet (peace be upon him) to Jibreel before his death. Zayd Ibn Thabit was again appointed to perform this important task. The version compiled during the era of ‘Uthman was identical to the last presentation of the Qur’an regarding the order of the surahs, in contrast to Abu Bakr’s compilation which had the signs ordered into surahs according to the last presentation, but did not have the surahs ordered. This is because the Qur’an in the era of Abu Bakr had been compiled with the intent of preserving it, whereas in the era of ‘Uthman it had been compiled xxx

with the intent of publishing it and sending it all around the Muslim world in order to avoid disunity and disagreement. Both of them perfectly matched the last presentation of the Qur’an regarding the absence of many of the variations due to the seven dialects )aḥrûf( which had been abrogated. The companions of the Prophet were twelve thousand, and all of them had approved both compilations: the one compiled in the era of Abu Bakr and the one compiled in the era of ‘Uthman, as both of them matched perfectly what they had received from Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). In addition to the preservation of the Qur’an in these copies which were compiled shortly after the Prophet’s death, Muslims had kept it well-preserved by memorizing it. After ‘Uthman’s compilation was done, the companions’ other manuscripts and notebooks which had any Qur’anic texts and explanations and comments recorded by them were burned. Many companions were saddened to see their notes being burned, but for the sake of preserving the Qur’an, and to prevent its text from mixing with any human comments or prophetic explanations over time, they accepted the loss of such notes which were linked to many beautiful memories as they sat writing down what they had learned from the Prophet (peace be upon him). ‘Uthman sent one copy of the compiled scripture to each Islamic region accompanied by a teacher to teach people how to recite it, because the words were not yet dotted nor did they have diacritical marks. He sent a copy of the compiled scripture to Makkah with ‘Abdullah Ibn Al-Sa’ib Al-Makhzoumi, a copy to Kufa with Abi ‘Abdulrahman Al-Sulami, a copy to Basra with ‘Amer Ibn ‘Abd Qays, a copy to the Levant with Al-Moghira Ibn Abi Shihab Al-Makhzoumi. One copy remained in Madinah with Zayd Ibn Thabit, and one copy with the Caliph ‘Uthman. Thus there were six copies of the compiled Qur’an. It was said that they also sent other copies to Egypt, Bahrain and Yemen. Learning the recitation of the Qur’an is mainly through hearing it, then reciting it back to a scholar, as phonetics cannot be learned from books alone. Every Islamic region had scholars who mastered the sciences of the Qur’an: in Madinah there were: Muaʻdh Al-Qari’, ‘Umar Ibn ‘Abd Al-‘Azeez, ‘Urwah Ibn Al-Zubayr, ‘Ataa Ibn Yasar, and Salim Ibn ‘Abdullah Ibn ‘Umar. In Makkah there were: ‘Ubayd Ibn ‘Umeir, Mujahid Ibn Jabr, Taawus Ibn Kisan, ‘Ataa Ibn Abi Rabah, ‘Ataa Ibn Abi Malika, and ‘Akramah, Mawla Ibn Abbas. In the city of Basra there were Saʻeed Ibn Al-Musayyib, Al-Muhajir ibn Qunfoz, AlHassan Al-Basri, Abu Amr ibn Al-‘Alaa, and many others. In the city of Kufa there were ‘Aly Ibn Abi Taleb, Saʻd Ibn Aby Waqqas, Huzayfah Ibn Al-Yaman, Majmaʻ ibn Jariyah, and many others. People started to come from every region of the Muslim world to learn the Qur’an under these scholars. Imam Nafieʻ Ibn Abi Naʻim, one of the ten scholars of the Qur’anic modes of recitation, said: xxxi

“I received the modes of recitation from seventy of the followers (the students of the companions of the Prophet), then I applied and documented whatever I received from two or more of them, and I skipped whatever came from only one source.” Imam Al-Kesa’i, another one of the ten scholars of the Qur’anic modes of recitation, used to recite the Qur’an while students gathered in his lessons so that they could correct their recitation, take down notes, and check the accuracy of their handwritten copies of the Qur’an. This led to the establishment of a new era of documentation in different sorts of sciences in the second and third centuries after Hijrah (the immigration of Prophet Muhammad from Makkah to Madinah). Thus appeared a generation of students of knowledge who recited the Qur’an in the presence of Qur’anic scholars then wrote down whatever they received from them, documenting the variations between the various modes of recitation. Some of them wrote, for example: “I have recited this surah (chapter) in the presence of my teacher (so and so), and he told me regarding this word, that it should be recited as such.” Thus some of those students documented two modes of recitation, some documented five, while others documented ten modes of recitation. The scholars put certain criteria for accepting or rejecting the modes of recitation:

First: It had to be fully compliant with the Arabic language. The Qur’an says: ‫ين‬ َ ‫ان‬ َ ‫بِ ِل‬ ٍ ِ‫ي ٍ ُمب‬ ٍ ‫س‬ ّ ِ‫ع َرب‬ (195 ‫)الشع راء‬

“in an evident Arabic tongue.” (Qur’an 26:195)

Second: It had to be written according to ʻUthmani script, bearing in mind that it was written without dots or diacritics.

Third: It had to be narrated by multiple chains of narration tracing back to Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).

These conditions existed in the narrations of ten Imams, who recited the Qur’an in ten ways of recitation; each Imam had two narrators or reciters (Qari’) who had received the Qur’an from him. xxxii

Those ten Imams are: The Imam 1. Nafieʻ Ibn ‘Abdul Rahman Ibn Abi Nuʻaim of Madinah 2. Ibn Kathir of Makkah

His Narrators 1. Qaloun (‘Issa Az-Zarqi) 2. Warsh (‘Uthman Ibn Said Ibn Abdullah) 1. Ahmed Ibn Mohammed Ibn ‘Abdullah Al-Bazzi (Al-Bazzi) 2. Muhammad Ibn ‘Abdulrahman (Qunbol)

3. Abu ‘Amr of Basra

1. Hafs Ibn ‘Umar Bin ‘Abdul Aziz (Ad-Doury) 2. Saleh Ibn Zeyad (As-Sousy)

4. Ibn ‘Amer of Al-Shām

1. Hisham Ibn ‘Ammar As-Sulami 2. ‘Abdullah Al-Qurashy (Ibn Zekwan)

5. ‘Asem Ibn Abi AlNajoud of Kufa

1. Shuʻba Al-Asady

6. Khalaf Al-Asady

1. Idris Ibn ‘Abdulkarim Al-Haddad

2. Hafs Al-Asady

2. Isaac Al-Warraq 7. Yaʻqub Al-Hadramy

1. Rouh Al-Handaly 2. Muhammad Ibn Al Motawakil (Roways)

8. Abu Jafʻar Al-Madany

1. Ibn Wardan 2. Ibn Gammaz

9. ‘Ali Al-Kesa’i

1. Abu Harith Al-Layth Al-Marouzy 2. Hafs Ibn ‘Umar Bin ‘Abdul Aziz (Ad-Doury)

10. Hamza Al-Kufi

1. Khalaf Al-Asady 2. Khalaf Al-Shibani

xxxiii

About Bridges’ translation of the ten Qira’at of the Holy Qur’an

Bridges’ translation was done with the aim of helping the non-Arabic reader in pondering the Qur’an (tadabbor). The translators focused not only on translating what God meant to say, but also on translating how He spoke.

There are three main new features in this translation that make it unique: 1. It is the first translation which includes the ten Qira’at (modes of recitation). The main text is written in accordance with the most commonly used Qira’a: that of ʻAsem, narrated by Hafs. Variations from that are presented in footnotes denoted by ‘Q’. The translation presents around 30% of the variations of the Qira’at—those which affect the meaning and can therefore be demonstrated in translation. The rest are merely dialectical and cannot therefore be demonstrated in English. 2. It is the first translation that takes into consideration the Qur’anic phenomenon of grammatical shifts, whether in verb tenses, numbers, or pronouns. These are a great source of pondering for the reader. Speaking about the Hereafter in past tense is a frequent feature of the Qur’an and this has been respected in this translation. 3. To denote whether a pronoun like “you” or an imperative verb like “say” is plural, dual, or singular, the translators did not impose their understanding on the reader by adding text between brackets like (O Prophet) to denote singular form, or (O mankind) to denote plural form. Rather, this distinction was achieved by adding a superscript after nouns, pronouns, and imperative verbs. For example: youpl is used for a plural pronoun, yousg for a singular pronoun, and youdl for a dual pronoun. Likewise, imperative verbs such as “say” are expressed as saypl for a plural verb, saysg for a singular verb and saydl for a dual verb. It must be noted that in the Qur’an most imperative verbs in the singular form are meant to address Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).

xxxiv

About Bridges Foundation Bridges Foundation is an international organization specializing in introducing Islam to both Muslims and non-Muslims. To get more information about Bridges’ activities or to contribute to its educational and Daʻwa programs, please visit: www.bridges-foundation.org. A large team worked tirelessly for more than three years on this translation and their effort is deeply appreciated.

xxxv

Translation team members and linguists Imam Fadel Soliman (team coordinator, translator, theology & Qira’at consultant) Dr. Hala Muhammad (translator) Dr. Adel Salahi (linguistic consultant) Dr. Sohaib Saeed (linguistic consultant) Ms Sally Epps (linguistic consultant) Dr. Mustafa Khattab (Qira’at reviewer) Imam Yousef Wahb (Qira’at reviewer) Dr. Walaa’ Ramadan (editor) Eng. Monther Al-Shehabi (typesetter) Eng. Talal Itani

xxxvi

References

Books of tafseer Rouh Al-Maʻāny by Al-Alousi At-Tahreer wal Tanweer by Ibn ʻAshour Al-Kashāf by Az-Zamakhshari Nazm Ad-Dorar by Al-Beqaʻi Jameʻ Al-Bayan by At-Tabari Al-Jameʻ Le’Ahkam Al-Qur’an by Al-Qurtubi Mafatih Al-Ghayb, the Grand Tafseer by Ar-Rāzi Fat-h Al-Qadeer by Al-Shawkāni Books on Qira’at The Ten Consecutive Qira’at from the Way of Al-Shatebeya and Ad-Dorrah by Sheikh Muhammad Korayem Rajeh The Tajweed Mus-haf with the ten Qira’at by Dr Ahmad ʻIssa Al-Maʻsarāwi Fadel Soliman Bridges Foundation

xxxvii

THE QUR’AN 1� The Opening �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1 2� The Cow ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1 3� Imran’s Folk ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 33 4� Women ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 51 5� The Table Spread ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 70 6� Livestock ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 84 7� The Elevations ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 100 8� The Spoils ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������117 9� Repentance ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 123 10� Jonah �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 136 11� Hud ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 146 12� Joseph ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 155 13� Thunder ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 164 14� Abraham �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 169 15� The Stone City ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������173 16� The Bees ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 177 17� The Night Journey ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 186 18� The Cave �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 195 19� Mary ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 203 20� Tâ-Ha ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 208 21� The Prophets ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 215 22� The Pilgrimage ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 221 23� The Believers ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 228 24� The Light ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 233 25� The Criterion ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 240 26� The Poets ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 245 27� The Ants ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 252 28� The Narratives ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 258 29� The Spider ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 265 30� The Romans �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 270 31� Luqman ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 274 32� Prostration ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 277 33� The Parties ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 279 34� Sheba �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 286 35� Originator ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 291 36� Ya-Sîn ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 295 37� The Aligned ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 299 38� Sād  304 39� Throngs ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 308 40� Forgiver �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������314 41� Detailed ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 320 42� Consultation �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 324

43� 44� 45� 46� 47� 48� 49� 50� 51� 52� 53� 54� 55� 56� 57� 58� 59� 60� 61� 62� 63� 64� 65� 66� 67� 68� 69� 70� 71� 72� 73� 74� 75� 76� 77� 78� 79� 80� 81� 82� 83� 84� 85� 86� 87� 88�

Decorations ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 329 Smoke ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 333 Kneeling �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 335 The Dunes ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 338 Muhammad ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 342 Conquest �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 345 The Chambers ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 348 Qāf  350 The Spreaders ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 352 Mount Tûr ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 354 The Star ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 355 The Moon ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 357 The All-Merciful ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 359 The Inevitable ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 362 Iron ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 364 The Arguing Woman ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 367 Exodus ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 370 The Woman Tested ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 372 Lining Up in Ranks �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 374 Friday  375 The Hypocrites ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 376 Mutual Loss and Gain ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 377 Divorce ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 379 Prohibition ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 380 Dominion ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 382 The Pen ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 383 The Reality ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 385 Ways of Ascent ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 387 Noah ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 388 The Jinn ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 389 The Enwrapped ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 391 The Enrobed �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 392 The Resurrection ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 394 Man ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 395 The Unleashed ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 396 The Tiding ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 397 The Snatchers ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 398 He Frowned ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 400 The Rolling ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 401 The Splitting apart ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 401 The Defrauders ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 402 The Rupture �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 403 The Constellations ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 404 The Pulsar ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 405 The Most High ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 405 The Overwhelming ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 406

89� The Dawn ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 406 90� The City ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 407 91� The Sun ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 408 92� The Night ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 408 93� Morning Shine ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 409 94� Expanding ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 409 95� The Fig ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 410 96� The Clinging Form ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 410 97� Determination ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 410 98� Evident Proof ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 411 99� The Quake ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 411 100� The Racers ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 412 101� The Shocking Event ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 412 102� Vying for more �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 412 103� Time ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 413 104� The Backbiter ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 413 105� The Elephant ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 413 106� Quraysh ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������414 107� Kindnesses ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������414 108� Plenty ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������414 109� The Deniers  415 110� Support �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 415 111� Palm Fiber ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 415 112� Purity ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������416 113� Daybreak 416 114� Mankind �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������416

h h ih i j ŧůA CKźŎ˺ Ĺj ƕĵ



PART 1� THE OPENING

SURAH 1- AL-FâTIHAH

h h ih i ğ ğ C˵ ğ ˺jĬ‹ ƈ Ĺ KźŎŋɉ‹ j ̂ űj ƕĵ žjj ńŧůA ŋɉ‹ h h ųhۊɿh ů‹û Bk Kh jĬğ j ʼni ųû ơ‹ ğ ˵ŋɉ‹ ğ ̃ǻ hû ūj j ۊɨ ̄ űj žjńŋɉ‹ j j ğ ğ ğ h h û h h ğ ˵i ŋɉ‹û jĬ‹ h ğ ƈ Ȑ‹ ŋɉ‹ i ̂šļh űj ŏû žjń k _j źû hŽ ĵŵjʼnŸ‹ ̆ ǻ j ȸ ]ĵŽ˯ ʼnĸi šȫ ]ĵŽj? ̅ ŴŽj j û h h h ųۊɿh ů‹h B k Kh û jĬğ j h ʼni h ųû k ơ‹ ğ h̃ hû û ğ h h ˵ğ ŋɉ‹ ūj ǻ hšȫŋɉ‹ û h h űj ųžjû ń jűû ŹŰžûŠ ɨhŰŠh ̄ĺ j h i Ɂ ŴŽjȑ‹ QŠɷŔ j ̇ űžjŪļŏj ųɉ‹ QŠɷŕɉ‹ j j h h û h h ğ û û kh j û h h û h ğ i û i i h k h ğ ļŏȸ ]ĵh Ž˯ h ]ĵiŽj? ̅ û Ȑ‹ ĵŵjʼnŸ‹̈̆ǻj hǻ jǞ ůĮjšŘɉ‹ ƅb űû Źj žû ʼnŰŠĸšȫBź ŘŤųh ɉ‹ŴŽj Ȯ _źŽ j j h hh h ûhû h ğ h h k h Ūj ļh ŏû ųi û ɉ‹ Qh Š ɷh ŕɉ‹ űû Źj žû ŰŠ ĺ ųšȫɁ ŴŽjȑ‹ QŠɷŔ j ̇ űž j  k ğ hh û ûh h i û hû û h h ůĮ ̈ ǻj Řɉ‹ ƅb űŹj žŰŠ Bź j ŘŤųɉ‹ jǞȮ  h ih i  j Cŋh ŪhȊA CKź Ŏ ˻

 1� The Opening

1

In the name of Allah,

the All-Merciful, the Bestower of mercy All praise be to Allah, Lord of all realms, 3 the All-Merciful, the Bestower of mercy, 4 Mastera of the Day of Recompense. 5 It is You we worship, and it is You we call for help.6 Guide us to the straight path: 7 the path of those You have blessed, not those who have incurred (Your) wrath, nor those who have  gone astray. 2

 

2� The Cow

ğ ğ h ˵ŋɉ‹ ğ jĬ‹ űžj ƈ j ńŋɉ‹ i i h h  j CŋŪhȊA CKźŎ ˻ h Ūļğ ųi ûŰj ků cʼnq Ÿi jŷžjȯ Ķ h ûh h i h û h h mm ̃ǻ j ː ğ õ ɆKğ ƅğ ĶŠɮjŭů‹ ūj ɉŠə ̂ űɉA űžj j ńŋɉ‹ ˵ŋɉ‹ jĬ‹ ƈû h i ih ûh h i ûi h ğ ğ `ź ûűŹi Šɰh ûũLh Kh ĵųjğ Ɋbh hCźŠ hŰŕɉ‹ ųžjŪɆb Ķ ž Ť ůĭ ķ `ź ŶjŲİŽ ŴŽjȑ‹ j j i i m û h k h h q h i h i õ m h h û h h hi û i i Š h h û ğ h h Š h h i m m i ğ h h ̃ ɆK ƅ Ķɮjŭȑ‹ ů‹ būj̄ɉə `ź ̂ŪjŧűŶɉAŽ jŪļųŰj ů cʼnû Ÿ jŷː žjȯ= Ķ ŴjŲ ǻ ^Ōŵ j = ĵŲb ūȎh j ? ^Ōŵ j ĵųjķ `źŶjŲİŽ ŴŽj û û h Šh ğ h l i h i h i ih i ûû h i h i û h i h h û ğ h ũLh ʼnKh q Ÿi ĵųjğ ȇ ɊŠ h bh Cū űŴjû Źi Ųk Šɰh c źŰŕɉ‹ ŶjŲɅİbŽ ūj ŴŽjŰȑ‹ jŪɆbŶj ũźĶ jŽ űžŤŸůĭjCķŋjh `ź Ģ `źųž`ź Ň˖ĭ ĸȰ j i m h h h h j Ɍʤh b= i ̅ ğ h m h i h û i i i h h h ğ û û l ŴjŲi h ^h Ōŵ= ĵh Ųb ūȎğ j ? ^Ōŵ= hĵųķi `źû Ŷji ŲİŽi ŴŽj h l h`źû Ūjŧk Ŷğ iŽ h b Ģ̄ j ŴŽjȑ‹ `j? ̆j `źj Ņj Űŧųɉ‹ űŸi ȑ‹ Abŋŧȱ ū Ɍ ʤ b=b ðűŹɅK hŠ h h h h l i h h h i i û i h h j h h h m j j û h q i k h Ÿh j Ch ŋjŇû ˖ĭû j Ʌbh ūjf Űh ĸh Ȱ h ʼni Ÿû i ȇ ūû j iɌʤĢ û b= i ̅û `ź ŴjŲ `ź c ̇ =; űŹj žŰi Š ;AźŎ ŶjŲİŽ ƅ űŸKjŊŶĻ űɉ _û =Ŷj ũűû źŹiŽ ȩűKû Ŋŵ û l i h h h h hhğ ğ û h h h Ģ h il ğ h û h h k h ğ i i i i h Ņj h h Űŧųû ɉ‹ űŸi ū h û ŴŽjĢ ȑ‹h `û j ? ̆ û h Aűjû bŸŋŋŧŠ ɻ ȱ `ź b=b ðűűŹj ļj ɅŇK Š Š bh űŹj j ɅźŰũ h ȇj ɌʤĬ‹ j ķɁ ȇbh ðűŹj jšųŎ ȇ h h h h û ûh h h x f m h h h h i hûi û Ÿi Kjh û ŊhŶiĻ űû ɉ x _û = űû h Źi ȩh Kû f Ŋŵ i i `ź h ğ ̇ Ŷj Ų İ Ž ƅ ű Š AźŎ j ȍ‹ ŴjŲb ̈ űžŞj Š BAŊ=;Šh űűû Źj Źi žɉŰbh Šð Cźh ;ɺj ^źŪȬ Ŵh Ų Mĵ ţ h h h i h h h i ğ h û h i ûűjŸŋŠɻh h ûķɁ û ȇ û û h h Ģ Š b űŹj Ʌźû hŰû ũ hȇ Š ğ Ĭ‹ űhğ ļh Ňh h i ̉j ǻj ŶŲj İųi j ķ b űðűŸŹj jšųĵŲh Ŏbh ȇ ŋjj Ň˖‹ _j źȎĭjɅb jĬĭ j ķ ĵŶŲA; i i h h mh ğ ğ û h h h l x h f ğ h h û i h h x h Š h i ŴŲ Mĵ hɉb ði Cźɺj h i ŲAh Şj ;h ŠŴŽj h ğ űŹ`ź û Źi ŏ h AźŶűž h BA jh ȍ‹ Ūh Ȭŧŵ ű^ź = ƅj? `ź ŠjʼnŠɴţiŽ Ši ʼnh ŴjƞŲbĵŲh b̈ ȑ‹bŊh ŠĬ‹ û ğ i û h ğ h h hh q h i Ŷğ Ųj İû ųi i j ķi h űh Ÿi h ĵŲx h bh h ğ ŋjj Ň˖‹i i _j źû hȎĭjɅbh h jĬĭ ðĵ̉ Ÿ IA Ō ŗŋh Ɋh ǻjĬ‹ Ŧ P ŋ Ų ű Ź Ʌź Ű ũ Ǎ ̊ `b ŋi šj ķŒĵȹ ŶĵŲAŲb; ű j j j h l ûh i mğ h h i Šh i h ğ `ź h ȑ‹ğ bh Ĭ‹ űû Źi ŏh ŧŵ= ƅj? `źŠi ʼnh ƞ ĵŲh bh AźŶi ŲAh ;h ŴŽj ŠjʼnɴŽ ii û h q h hh x hğ i ğ űi Ÿi IA ðĵŗŋh Ɋh Ĭ‹ ŌŦ PŋŲ űŹj j ɅźŰũ Ǎj ̊ `bŋi ši Œhȹ ĵŲh bh

 the name of Allah, In

the All-Merciful, the Bestower of mercy Alif Lām Mīm. 2 That is the Scripture; there is no doubt about it—a guidance for the mindful (of God),b who believe in the (existence of) hidden realms and 3 establish the prayers and spend out of what We have provided them, 4 and those who believe in what has been sent down to yousg and what has been sent down before you, and regarding the Hereafter they are certain. 5 Those are upon guidance from their Lord, and those are the successful. 6 Indeed, it is the same for those who have denied: whether yousg have warned them or have not warned them, they do not believe. 7 Allah has set a seal on their hearts and on their hearing, and over their sight(s)c is a veil; for for them is a great punishment. 8 And of mankind are those who say, “We have attained faith in Allah and in the Last Day,” but they are not believers. 9 They try to deceive Allah and those who have attained faith, yet they deceived none but themselves, but they are unaware. 10 In their hearts is sickness, so Allah increased their sickness, and for them is a painful punishment on account of how they used to  liee. 11 And when it is said to them, “Do not spread corruption in the land,” they say, “Indeed, we are only reformers.” 12 Undoubtedly, it is they who are 1



All except for ʻAsem, Al-Kesa’i, Yaʻqub and Khalaf in one of his narrations read it as: “King of the Day of Recompense.” This portion can be read differently in Arabic by pausing after ‘doubt’, and in this case it means: ‘That is the Scripture, no doubt. In it there is guidance for the mindful (of God).’ c Mentioned in plural form in Arabic, denoted by (s) in English for grammatical reasons. Qd Nafieʻ, Ibn Kathir and Abu ʻAmr read it as: “. . . yet they try to deceive none but . . .” Qe Nafieʻ, Ibn Kathir, Abu ʻAmr, Ibn ʻAmer, Abu Jaʻfar and Yaʻqub read it as: “. . . they used to disbelieve.” Qa b

1

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h f h h û ih h h h h h û l i h űû Źi ɉ ŮžjȰ AJ˯ ̋ `źiķjŊȲhŽ Aźŵǽ ĵųh j ķ ü űi Ȏj = BA ŊŠ űŹɉb h h û l i ûi h mh h ûh ğ l i h j Ɓ‹ Ǎj Abʼnjŏ ŧȩ ƅ ƅɁ ̌ `źŅji Űŕû Ɋi Ŵi Ɨ ĵųh ȫj? Aźm ɉĵũ P˱ h h i ûiû i i û iğ h h û ğ h ŮžjȰ AJ˯ ̍ `bŋi ši Œhȹ ƅ ŴȲ ŧųɉ‹ űŸ űŹȫj? j Š ɧbh `bʼnjŏ h m h ûi l i h i ğ h h h m h h l i h û ih Ŵh ŲAh ;h ĵųh Ŭ Ŵji ŲİŵɁ Aźm ɉĵũ Mĵ ȍ‹ ŴŲA; ĵųŬ AźŶjŲA; űŹɉ ğ h h im h h Ġ i i û i ğ m hh im h h Ġ h h Š ̎ `źųi Űšû Ȭh ƅ ŴȲ ɧ j b ;ĵŹŧŏɉ‹ űŸ űŹȫj? ƅɁ ñ ;ĵŹŧŏɉ‹ h l h h h l i h l h h ȑ‹ğ l AźŪi hů AJ˯ ǓŠ j ? Aźû ŰŇ AJ˯ ĵŶğ ŲAh ;h Aźm ɉĵũ AźŶi ŲAh ;h ŴŽj ğ l i h h h ûh ğ i ̏ `b;i Ōj Źû ļh ŏû Ɋi Ŵi Ɨ ĵųh ȫj? űû Ȳšh Ųh ĵŵj? Aźm ɉĵũ űû Źj j Ŷžśj Šɱh ő û i h i iğ ̐ `źŹi ųh šû Ȭh űû Źj j ŶŠɱh ŤŚi Ǎj űû ŸʼnĠ ųi Ɇh bh űû Źj j ķ @Ōj Źû ļh ŏû h ȹ Ĭ‹ h Š h i û h h Šh ğ l i h h û h ğ h Ģ h l i ĺŅh j ɅKh ĵųh ȯ c ʼnŹɉĭjķ ĹŰʄŘɉ‹ AbǛő‹ ŴŽjȑ‹ ūjɌʤb= ğ hh h û iihh h ʼnļh Źû Ɋi l Aźiŵǽh ĵŲh bh űû Źi ȩi ŋh Šɲjh kĻ djȑ‹ Ůj ĿųŬ űŹŰĿŲ ̑ ŴŽj û hm h h mğhh q h hhûh û h Ÿh Jh ÿȔi h źû ńh ĵŲh D iğ Ķ űjû ŸjKźŶi j ķ Ĭ‹ ;ĵŗ= ĵųŰŦ ˊKĵŵ ʼnũźļŎ‹ h i û i ğ Šh i i û i üĠ i û ih hh x û ȭi űf Ȳ ǖ ķ űŔ ̒ `bDz j ĸȬ ƅ ĺ p ʅŰŝ Ǎj űŹȡŋh Ļb h i ûh h û ih x Š ʅh Űi ŝi jŷžjȯ j;mĵųh ŏɉ‹ ğ Ŵjh Ųk Ķžk ŕh Ŭh bû h= ̓ `ź ĺ šŁ j ŋŽ ƅ űŹȯ p j h h h m û ih Šh h ihûh x ûhh x û h h ğ Ŵjh Ųk űŹjŵAJA Ũjj ŠŠʆh ŕɉ‹ j űŹšjĸɞ= `źŰšƒ \ŋɅb ʼnŠKb j ;Ǎ h û i iğ h û hû h h h i ûhû i h h h ŋjŧŠʃ \ǚ ů‹ IĵȲŽ ̔ ŴɆ ůĭjķ ˤžjƤ Ĭ‹ bD ˏ j źųɉ‹ KŊń j h h l h h m h m ği i h h i ûh h û mh űh Űŝ= AJ˯ jŷžjȯ Aźû ŒŲğ űŹi ɉ ;h ĵŗ= ĵųh ǿ ðűû Ÿŋh Š ɻûķɁ ťśh ƞ hh iğ hm h ûh h l i h û ûh h ğ h h h Ÿh ȑ `j? űjô û Ÿŋj Š ɻûķɁbh űû Źj jšųû ŏh j ȵ Ķ Ĭ‹ ;ĵő źɉb Aźô Ɋĵũ űŹj žŰŠ h l iiû k i Šh h h ğ i ȍ‹ x ʼnhũ p;ƾ ğ ĵŹh ȬĠ ɂʑ û h ȁ Ģ h ̕ ŋŽj Ĭ‹ Abʼnĸȭ‹ Mĵ j ȇ ğ i h i ğ h i i hh h h ȑ‹ğ bh űû Ȳ űû ȲŰšh ů űû Ȳj Űĸû Ȱ ŴjŲ ŴŽj ŪŰŇ djȑ‹ űi ȲɅğ Kh ğ m m ğ h q h h hû i i h hh h h i h ;q ĵŶh j ķ ;h ĵųh ŏɉ‹ b ĵőŠɷj Ŧ P˱Ɓ‹ űȲů ŮšŁ djȑ‹ ̖ `źŪļğ ȩ h m m ğ hh hh q Šj ɷh ųh ğȌ‹ Ŵjh Ų Ājŷjķ Fh ŋh Ňû įhŦ ;q ĵŲh ;j ĵųh ŏɉ‹ ĵũLû jK D Ŵjh Ų ^Ōŵ =b h h h ih û h û i h q h ğ l i hûh hh û i ğ i Ŭi `˯ ̗ `ź űû ļŶ ųŰšȩ űļŵ=b AIAʼnŵ= jĬj AźŰšƏ ƆŦ ðűȲů û k k h i l i û h h û h Šh h h û ğ h ğ k û h ĀjŷjŰĿjŲ ŴjŲ p ˅Kźŏjȵ AźĻɂŦ ĵŵjʼnĸȭ ȇ ĵȍŌŵ ĵųjɊ Ķ p ɆK Ǎj

indeed the corrupters, but they are unaware. 13 And when it is said to them, “Believe as the people have believed,” they say, “Shall we believe as the fools have believed?” Undoubtedly, it is they who are indeed the fools, but they do not know. 14 And when they encounter those who have attained faith, they say, “We have attained faith.” But when they are alone with their Satans, they say, “We are indeed with you; we are only ridiculing.” 15 Allah ridicules them and gives them free rein to exceed all limits, wandering blindly. 16 Those are the ones who have purchased utter misguidance in exchange for guidance, so in no way has their bargain made any profit, and in no way have they been rightly guided. Their likeness is that of a person who kindled a 17 fire, but when it illuminated all around him, Allah took away theira light and left them in darkness(es)b, unable to see. 18 Deaf, mute, blind, so they are not returning. 19 Or like a cloudburst from the sky in which are darkness(es) and thunder and lightning. They put their fingers into their ears against the thunderbolts, in fear of death. Yet Allah is AllEncompassing of the deniers. 20 The lightning almost snatches their sight (s) away; whenever it illuminates for them, they walk in it. But when it darkens over them, they stand (still). And had Allah willed, He could have done away with their hearing and their sight(s). Indeed, Allah is All-Powerful over everything. 21 O mankind, worship your Lord Who created you and those before you, that you may become mindful (of Him): 22 the One Who has made the land a habitat for you and the sky a structure, and has sent water down from the sky and has brought out products thereby as provision for you. So do not assign rivals to Allah while you know. 23 And if youpl are in doubt about what We have bestowed upon Our servant from on high, then bring a single surahc of its like, and call your witnesses apart from Allah if you are truthful. 24 But if youpl do not—and you will not—then be mindful of the Fired whose fuel is people and stones; it has been prepared for the deniers. 25 And givesg glad tidings to those who have attained faith and  have done righteous deeds: that for them are Gardens beneath which rivers flow. Whenever they a b c d



A grammatical shift from singular to plural. Mentioned in plural form in Arabic, denoted by (es) in English for grammatical reasons. Each portion of the Qur’an is called a ‘surah’, which is sometimes translated as ‘chapter’. Literally ‘protect yourselves against the Fire’. 2

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ğ i k i hmh h i l i û h h Ȱʼnj Š ɞh űû ļŶ i Ŭi `? jĬ‹ ̘ ǻj `b j j I ŴjŲ űȱ;AʼnŹő AźŠI‹b ğ h ğ l iğ h l ih ûh hh l ih ûh ûğ h h i i ĵŸIźũbh Ʋj ů‹ Kĵ ȍ‹ AźŪȩĭŦ AźŰšŧȩ Ŵůb AźŰšŧȩ űů `jıŦ h û û ğ i ih h û h i ğ h ȑ‹ğ Ǭj k h ȵbh ̙ ŴɆ h ŋjŧŠʃ ŴŽj Űj ɉ DʼnjŠ= ð CKĵłj ơ‹b Mĵȍ‹ j j h ûh ğ h û ih ğ h ğ l i h l ih ŴjŲ dŋj Ə ĺ j Šɳj ۊɻů‹ AźŰųj Šbh AźŶŲA;h p Š ɰ Ł űŹ ɉ ` = ĺ l i ği ûh û h h h l i h q ûh AŊŠɪ Aźɉĵũ ĵũLû jKk p ˅ŋh ųh Ȫ ŴjŲ ĵŹh Ŷjû Ų AźũjLKi ĵųh ǿ ð ŋi Š ʇh ŵƁ‹ ĵŹh j ļƕ ğ l ii i h û x h m h û i h h ðĵ q Š h h i FŠɩh Lû = ĵŹžj ȯ űŹɉb ŹjĸɺȽŲ Ājŷjķ AźĻɁbh ð Ůĸû Ȱ ŴjŲ ĵŶh ȰjLKi djȑ‹ h û h ûh h hğ ğ h i h h û ih xhğ hĠ `= mĀƻ j ļŏȹ ƅ Ĭ‹ `j?ø ̚ `bȒj Š ɗ ĵŹžjȯ űŸb ð CŋŹśŲ l ih h h ğ ğhh hhûh h h q h ih ğ qhh h û h AźŶŲA; ŴŽjȑ‹ ĵŲįŦ ô ĵŹȰźŦ ĵųȯ ĹŗźšȨ ĵŲ ƆĿŲ BǴ j Ž hğ h û k ğ h û ğ l i hh h h i ûhh h ȑ‹ ĵŲ=b ðűŹɅK ŴjŲ ŨĠ ơ‹ h ŷi ğŵɁ `ź Abŋŧȱ ŴŽj ųŰšžȯ jj h q h m q j ĿŬ Ājŷķ ŮĠ Ř i hh h h iğ h h h h h i ihh ˊǞ j j Ž ò ƆĿŲ AŊŠ ʇjķ Ĭ‹ IAK= AJĵŲ `źɉźŪžȯ h Ū jŏŠʁh ûů‹ ƅğ ? mĀjŷķ ŮĠ ŘiŽ ĵŲh bh ˊǞ ûh q h h ȑ‹ğ ̛ ǻ ŴŽj j ô j ĿŬ Ājŷjķ djʼnŹɆbh j j j h m h û h h h i i ğ ŋh Ɋh = ĵŲh `źši śh ŪɆh bh ĀjŷjŪŠɯžjŲ ʼnj šû Ȩh Ŵü Ųj jĬ‹ ʼnh Źû ȭ `źŘŪŶhŽ h i ûi h h i h i h h i j hû iğ űi Ÿ ūjɌʤĢ bl = P˱ ˏ Ɓ‹ Ǎj `bʼn jŏŧɆbh ŮŔźŽ `= mĀjŷjķ Ĭ‹ h iû h h h h i Šh û q h i ih ğ ĵĻŠʆh Ųû = űû ļŶ ȡb jĬĭjķ `bŋi ŧȲĻ ťžû Ŭ ̜ `bǪ j ɴů‹ h i h i i ûi i i i i ğ i û i Šh û hh `źši Łh ŋû Ļ jŷûȎj? űğ Ȫ űû ȲžjžƘ űğ Ȫ űû Ȳļž ųj Ž űȪ ðűȲɱńįŦ h û ğ i i h hh h q Ʀh P˱ û űğ Ȫi ĵšžj Ģ źh ļh Ŏ‹ j Ɓ‹ Ǎj ĵŲğ űȲ ů ŨŰŇ djȑ‹ źh Ÿ ̝ c i ğ Ǔh ? h i h ˏ p Š ʆh Š ʅh Ŏh şh ĸû Ŏh Ŵğ Źi Š Ɗźğ ŏh hŦ j;mĵųh ŏɉ‹ û h Ůk Ȳ ;g ƾ j j j ķ źŸb D hû x h k h Ģh h û h Ġ h h h û h x ŰŠ j Ɓ‹ Ǎj ŮjŠĵŁ ƭj j ? jĹŭjɌˁųŰj ɉ ūɅK ^ĵũ J˯ ̞ űžj P˱ m k i ûh h h i û i h h i h ûh h lmi h q h h ;h ĵŲjh Ȑ‹ ūjŧŏȹb ĵŹžjȯ ʼnjŏŧȬ ŴŲ ĵŹžjȯ ŮšƏɁ Aźɉĵũð Ĺŧžj ŰŇ h h û h mk h h h h i k hi h h û h i k hi i ûh h ƅ ĵŲh űi ŰŠ= ƭ j j ? ^ĵũ ðūɉ MjʼnŪȫb ]jʼnųƔj Ńjĸŏȸ ŴƗb hh ğh h h h h h i ği m h û h ȇ űû Źi ŗŋh Š űğ Ȫ ĵŹh ǿ ;h ĵųh Ŏû Ɓ‹ _h IA;h űh ŰŠbh ̟ `źųi Űšû ȩ h Ģh hû h mh ûh i Ŭi `? j;mƅh İi ʧ i ĸ˩h= ^ĵh Ūh ȯh jĹŭ Ģ j n űû ļŶ ; ĵ ų Ŏ į ķ Țź Z j j j j j Ɍˁųɉ‹ ğ m h û h h h û i l i h m ğ h Ȱʼnj Š ɞh ð ĵŶh ļh ųû ŰŠh ĵŲh ƅj? ĵhȍ űh ŰjŠ ƅ ūŶh Šɳ ĸŎ Aźɉĵũ ̠ ǻj

are provided with any produce therefrom as provision, they say, “This is what we were provided with before,” and they are brought (them) in (perfect) resemblance. And for them are cleansed spouses therein, and therein they abide. 26 Indeed, Allah does not shy away from setting forth any parable, even of a gnat or anything above it. So as for those who have attained faith—they know that it is the truth from their Lord. But as for those who have denied—they say, “What did Allah want (to say) by this parable?” He misguides many thereby and He guides many thereby, but He does not misguide thereby except the defiantly disobedient 27 who violate Allah’s covenant after it has been pledged and sever what Allah has commanded to be joined and spread corruption in the earth—those are the losers. 28 How can youpl deny Allah when you were lifeless and He gave you life, then He puts you to death, then He brings you to life, then to Him you are returneda? 29 It is He Who created for youpl what is on earth, all together, then turned to the heaven and formed themb into seven heavens. And He is All-Knowing of everything. 30 And recall when yoursg Lord said to the angels, “I am appointing a viceroy in the earth.” They said, “Will You appoint in it someone who causes corruption in it and sheds blood, while we highly exalt You with praise and proclaim Your holiness?” He said, “Indeed, I know what you do not know.” 31 And He taught Adam the names, all of them; then He presented them to the angels and said, “Inform Me of the names of these, if you are truthful.” 32 They said, “Highly Exalted be You! We have no knowledge except what You have taught us. Indeed, it is You Who are the AllKnowing, the All-Wise.” 33 He said, “O Adam, inform them of their names.” So when he informed them of their names, He said, “Did I not tell youpl that I know (all about) the hidden realm of the heavens and the earth, and that I know what you disclose and what you have been concealing?” 34 And recall when We said to the angels, “Prostrate yourselves to Adam”, so they prostrated themselves—but not Iblisc. He refused and acted arrogantly and became of the deniers. 35 Thereafter, We said, “O Adam, settle in the Garden, you and your spouse, and eatdl Qa b c



Yaʻqub read it as: “. . . to Him you return?” A grammatical shift from singular to plural. Iblis is another name of Satan or Shaytan. 3

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h h h h h h ğ h h= ū i ŭơ‹ i Űšh ûů‹ ĺŵ h û űžj Ģ ^ĵũ ̡ űžj űŹi Ĵû j ĸ˩= _i IĵnZh ʑ ŵj? h h h h h h i ğ i ûh h h û mh û i h mğhh û mh û m k j j ? űû Ȳ ƭ ů Ůũ= űɉɁ ^ĵũ űŹj j ɋĵųŎįjķ űŸįĸ˩ = ĵųŰŦ ðűŹj j ɋĵųŎįjķ h h û hû h i h h ğ Ķ h žû Ȯh űi hŰŠû h= j Ɓ‹bh D ĵŲh bh `bʼni ĸû ȩ ĵŲh űi ŰŠ=bh P˱ j Š ʆŠʅŏɉ‹ h û h i i h l i û h Ģh h û hû i û _h I˕ Abʼni ł Ŏ‹ jĹŭjɌˁųŰj ɉ ĵŶŰũ J˯ ̢ `źųi ļi ȲĻ űû ļŶ Ŭ h h û h h hh h h û h û h Šh h û m ğ lm i h h h h ŋŧj Š ʃ ů‹ ŴjŲ `Ȣb ǚŭļŎ‹b ƪɁ ōɀj Űķj? ƅj? AbʼnłŏŦ ŴɆ j h i h hû h i û h h h h û i û i h h h h û i h Ģ ĵŶŰũb ̣ ūŁbLb ĺŵ= ŴȲŎ‹ _IĵnZʑ ĵŹh Ŷjû Ų ȥbh ĹŶğ Ơ‹ h û i ûh h h i h h h ğ h Ŵjh Ų ĵŵźŭļh ȯ Cŋh ł Œɉ‹ j aŊj Šɪ ĵɅh ŋh Ūȩ ƅbh ĵųh ļi Ȼjő Ľžû ńh Aʼne ţKh ğ ğ h ųjۊɾů‹ ğĵųjɊ ĵųh Źi Łh ŋh Ňû hįhŦ ĵŹh Ŷû ȭh Ŵi Šɽh žû Œɉ‹ hĵųŹi ğ ɉLh hįhŦ ̤ ǻ j h h i h x h i i l û ûi Ǎj űû Ȳůbh ð bk ʼni Š Ŗg šû h jȊ űû ȲŘšû Ȩh Aźśi j ĸŸ‹ ĵŶh Űũbh ˌjŷžjȯ ĵŵǽ hû h Ģ ğhhh Š h j ? şf Šɮh Ųh bh ŋx k Ūh ļh ŏû Ɋi P˱ j Űļȯ ̥ ǻj Ǔ ĀjŷjɅk Kğ ŴjŲ _i IA;h ǐ ń Ɓ‹ p ûh i h h ļh ȯh ĺŠʅjh ǿh i źğ ȋ‹ ğ źh Ÿi ÿŷi ğŵ? jŷžû ŰŠh Bĵ i ńŋɉ‹ ğ BA ĵŶŰũ ̦ űžj p j ˏ û l h qi h q h hû û h i şh j ĸĻ Ŵųh ȯ cʼnŸ ƴjjk Ųk űȲŶğ hɀj ĻįhŽ ĵŲğ j ıŦ ðĵšžj Ʀ ĵŹŶjŲ Aźśi j ĸŸ‹ h ihûh û i hh û ûh h fû h hh h h i h ȑ‹ğ bh ̧ `ź ŴŽj ŵŌƘ űŸ ƅb űŹj žŰŠ [źŇ ƆŦ dAʼnŸ h Ģh l i m h Šh l i ğ h h l i h h h Ŕû h= ū h ȯ űû Ÿi Kĵğȍ‹ Ķ i Šɳ ĵŹžj ˌj j Ɍʤb= ĵŶjļɔ˲ AźķŊȡb Abŋŧȱ h û h Ģh û m hŠh h i Šh i ųû šh ȫû Ɂ Ʋ h j ųh šjû ŵ l Abŋi Ŭi J‹ m j ů‹ğ Ʋ ŮŽj;ʴŎj? ƴj ĸɔ ̨ `bȒ jɗ ĺ h i i ûh h i h û h ğ û i û h j = dj m ʼnŹû šh ķ l AźiŦbû =bh űû Ȳ `ź žŰŠ j ĸŸKĭŦ żh Š ɔ˯ űȡjʼnŹšjķ [b j h lmi i h hh û i h h hk q k h i i û h m h l i h h AźŵźȲĻ ƅb űȲšŲ ĵųj ɉ ĵũjʼnŕɊ ĺůŌŵ= ĵųjķ AźŶjŲA;b ̩ q h h h h h ğ h l ih ûh hh żh Š ɔ˯ Ɔžj Űũ ĵŶq ųh Ȫ Ʋj Š ɔ˲ AbǛ Œȶ ƅb Ājðŷjķ ˽j Ŧǽ ^bğ = û iğ h û hh h û l Aźŏi ȼûŰhĻ ƅh bh ̪ `ź h û l Aźųi ļi Ȳ Ļb Ůj śj Šɭh ůĭjķ Ũğ ơ‹ Ũğ ơ‹ j ŪȩĭŦ j l i h û h hŠ h ğ l i h h hŠh ğ l i hh h h h i hh AźšŬK‹b CźŬŌɉ‹ AźĻA;b CźŰŕɉ‹ AźųžjȰ=b ̫ `źųi Űšû ȩ űû ļŵ =b û h h h hh k û h ğ h ii h ğ h h h `źû ŏȿ Ļb ǚ j j ůĭjķ Mĵȍ‹ `bŋɊįĻɁø ̬ ǻšj jŬŠɷů‹ şŲ h i h h hh h Šh û h i ûh û i hh û i h i h ̭ `źŰŪj šû ȩ ƆŦ= Ķ ô ɮjŭů‹ `źŰļȩ űļŵ=b űȲŏŧŵ= hh ğ h h h hğ l i h û h h ğ h û ğ ȇ ƅj? fCǞ j ĸŭů ĵŹȫ˯ ˏj CźŠ Űŕɉ‹b jǚŕɉĭjķ AźŶžjšļŎ‹b

from it freely as you both will; but do not approachdl this tree, lest youdl become of the unjust.” 36 Yet Satan made them slipa therefrom, so he brought them out of what they were in. Then We said, “Descendpl, as enemies to one another, for in the earth youpl have a place of settlement and enjoyment for a while.” 37 Thereupon Adam received wordsb from his Lord. Thus, He granted him repentance and accepted it from him. Indeed, it is He Who is the Superb Granter and Accepter of repentance, the Bestower of mercy. 38 We said, “Descend from it, all together. Then whenever any guidance comes to you from Me, then whoever follows My guidance— then no fearc shall be upon themd nor shall they grieve. 39 But those who have denied and disbelieved in Our signs—those are the fellows of the Fire; therein they abide.” 40 O Children of Israel, “Remember My blessing which I blessed you with and fulfill your (part of the) covenant so that I fulfill My (part of the) covenant, and fear Me alone. 41 And believepl in what I have sent down, confirming what is with youpl. And do not be the first deniere of it, and do not purchase, in exchange for My revelations, a small price, and be mindful of Me alone. 42 And do not mix truth with falsehood, and do not conceal the truth while youpl know. 43 And establish the prayer, and bringf the purifying charityg, and bow down with the ones bowing down. 44 Do youpl command mankind to virtue and forget yourselves, even though you read the Scripture? Do you not reason? 45 And seek pl help through patience and prayer, and it is indeed a great burden except for the reverent 46 who are certain that they shall meet their Lord and that to Him they will return. 47 O Children of Israel, remember My blessing with which I blessed you, and that I favored you over all communities. 48 And be mindful of a dayh when no self avails another in anything, nor is any intercession accepted on its behalf, nor is any ransom taken from it, nor are theyd supported. 49

Hamza read it as: “Yet Satan removed them therefrom . . .”  Ibn Kathir read it as: “Thereupon Adam was received by words from His Lord.”  Qc Yaʻqub read it as: “. . . then no fear shall ever be upon them nor shall they grieve.” d A grammatical shift from singular to plural. e A grammatical shift from plural to singular. f The Qur’an always uses verb ‘to bring’ rather than verb ‘to give’ in association with charity; this should be pondered by the reader. g The Arabic word used is zakāt, which denotes purification and growth. h Literally ‘protect yourselves against a day’. Qa

Qb

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l ih ğh ğh h i h ğ h û h š jŒŠɴ űû Źi ȫɁbh űû Źj j Ʌk Kh AźŪŠʄŲĠ űŹi ȫɁ `źŶĠ ŞȬh ŴŽj ȑ‹ ̮ ǻ ů‹ j l ğ i û h Ģh û m hŠh h h ûh h j ųh šjû ŵ Abŋi ŬJ‹ m j ů‹ Ʋ ŮŽj;ʴŎj? ƴj ĸɔ ̯ `źši Ł Ʋ j Š ɚ jŷȎj? hh û i iû ğ h k hh û i ûh h i û h ûh h ųhۊɿh ûů‹ ȇ űȲļŰŘŦ ƭj Ɂb űȲžŰŠ ĺųšȫɁ ̰ ǻ j h l iğ i û ûğ h ûh q h ûh ğ Ůĸh ŪȬi ƅbh ĵnZžû ő ōp ŧȫ ŴŠ ōf ŧȫ dŌj Ə ƅ ĵŲq źû hŽ AźŪȩ‹bh h i h i û i h h x û h h û i h û i h h x h Šh h h û ̱ `bDzŶ Ž űŸ ƅb ^ʼnŠ ĵŹŶjŲ ŊŇİŽ ƅb Ĺšʁő ĵŹŶjŲ i h i ih h ûh û h û k i hûğh û ;h źm Ŏi űû ȲŵźɊź ŏȹ `źŠŋj Ŧ ^A j ; ŴjŲ űȲŠɰžƑ J˯ h hû h û h ûhh û i hmhûh h ik hi i m ȝj bh űô û ȱ;h ĵŏjh ȸ `źži Ņ ļŏȹb űȱ;ĵŶȨɁ `źƔj ŊŽ BA j Ŋšů‹ û h û i i k ğ k x m h h i Šh x Şj Šh űû Ȳ űi Ȳjķ ĵŶh Ȱŋh Ŧ J˯ ̲ űž j ɅK ŴjŲ ;Ɔķ űȲj ůə h h h i i h û i h h û h û h h m h û h û h û i Šh ûh hh h û hû `bŋŞŶĻ űļŵ=b `źŠŋj Ŧ ^A; ĵŶȰŋţ=b űȲɰžƑįŦ ŋŅȊ‹ h û û i i û hğ ğ i qh ûh h h ûh Ģ h i h û h Šh û Ůł šj ů‹ űȩŊƛ‹ űȪ ĹŰȎ ǻjšɅK= ƽźɊ ĵŵʼnŠɩ J˯ ̳ h h i hh i h h hh i ʼnj šû Ȩh Ŵü Ųj k űȲŶŠ ĵŵźû ŧȭ űğ Ȫ ̴ `źųji ۊɡ űû ļŵ =b Āj aʼnj šû Ȩh Ŵü Ųj û h i ûh i ğ h h h h Ɋi ĵŶh ûɀhĻA;h J˯ h Šɮjh ŭûů‹ ƽź Ķ ̵ `bŋi ŭŒȶ űû ȲŰšh ů ūj ɉŠə h Š h i h h û h h i ğ h h h iû ĀjŷŲj źû Ūj ů ƽź Ɋ ^ĵũ J˯ ̶ `bʼni ļh Źû ȩ űû ȲŰšh ů `ĵũŋû ŧů‹bh h û û i i hk i h i h û i û h h û i ğ j û hŠh j j ķ űȲ Ůł ŏŧŵ= űļųŰŝ űȲŵj? _źŪɔ jšů‹ űȱjJĵƛĭ h h l i ih i Šh û i h i l m i i û h û i xǞû Ňh űû Ȳj ļȯ ůə űȲŏŧŵ= AźŰļȰĭŦ űȲjɋjKĵhķ ǓŠ j ? Aźm Ʌź i ûh h h hh û i h h i źğ ȋ‹ û i ğ ğ źh Ÿi ÿŷi ğŵ? űû Ȳ BA j ô žŰŠ Bĵļȯ űȲjɋjKĵķ ʼnŶjŠ űȲů h Šğ h h h h û Ġ h Š h i Šh û iû i û i ńŋɉ‹ ğ ń ūɉ ŴjŲİŵ Ŵů ƽźųɔ űļŰũ J˯ ̷ űžj cŋh ŵ Ʋ h i i h û i hh i h Š ğ i i û h h hh qh û h hğ ğűȪi ̸ `b ŋŞŶĻ űļŵ=b ĹŪjšɻů‹ űȲĻŊŇįŦ CŋŹŁ Ĭ‹ i ûh i ğ h i h i û ̹ `bŋi ŭŒȶ űû ȲŰšh ů űû Ȳj Ļźû Ɋh ʼnj šû Ȩh Ŵü Ųj k űȲŠɰh Ŀšh Ȩh ûh hh h h hû i i ûh h hûğ hh û i hh =b _ĵųŤů‹ űȲžŰŠ ĵŶŰŰŝb Ŵğ ųh ɉ‹ űi Ȳžû ŰŠ ĵhȍŌŵ l ii Š hû ğ h h h h i û h ĵŵźųi Űŝ ĵŲh bh űô û ȲŠɰh ũLh Kh ĵŲh ĺ źŰŏɉ‹b j Šɭjžk Śh ŴjŲ Aźǿ ðc h l i i û hûi û h û h i l i h AźŰŇI‹ ĵŶŰũ J˯ ̺ `źųji ŰŞȬh űû Źi ŏh ŧŵ= Aźm ŵǽ ŴȲ j Š ɧbh l i i û h qh h û iû l iih h hû h i AźŰŇI‹b AʼnţK űļȻjő Ľžû ńh ĵŹh Ŷjû Ų AźȀŦ ĹɆh ŋû Ūů‹ j aŊj Šɪ

And recall how We delivered youpl from Pharaoh’s folk— (those) inflictinga upon you an evil punishment, slaying your sons and keeping your women alive (in bondage). For therein is a great test from your Lord. And recall how We parted the sea for youpl and 50 (thus) We saved you, and We drowned Pharaoh’s folk while you were beholding. 51 And recall when We appointed withb Moses forty nights. Then youpl took the calf (for worship) after him, while you were unjust. Then We pardoned you after that, that you may 52 give thanks. 53 And recall when We gave Moses the Scripture and the Criterion, that you pl may be guided. 54 And recall when Moses said to his people, “O my people, you have done injustice to yourselves by taking the calf (for worship). So repent to your Maker and kill yourselvesc. That would be better for you with your Maker.” So He granted you repentance and accepted it from you; indeed it is He who is the Superb Granter and Accepter of repentance, the Bestower of mercy. 55 And recall when youpl said, “O Moses, we will not believe in you unless we see Allah plainly.” Thereupon the thunderbolt struck you while you were beholding. Then We revived youpl after your death, that you 56 may give thanks. 57 And We shaded youpl with mists, and We sent down manna and quails upon you: “Eat of the good things We have provided for you.” And in no way did they do injustice to Us, but they used to do injustice to themselves. 58 And recall when We said, “Enter this town and eat from it freely wherever youpl will, but enter the gate bowing down and say, ‘disburden (us)’. We (will) forgive you your offensesd, and We will give more to those who excel in doing good.” 59 Then the ones who did injustice exchanged (it for) a saying other than that which had been said to them, so We sent down upon the ones who did injustice a torment from heaven on account of how they used to defiantly disobey. And recall how Moses prayed for water for his 60 people, so We said, “Strike the rock with yoursg staff.” Thereupon twelve springs gushed out from it; each group of people certainly knew its drinkingplace. “Eatpl and drink from Allah’s provision, and do not go wickedly about the land, corrupting (it).” And recall when youpl said, “O Moses, we shall 61

A grammatical shift describing past events in present tense, serving to create a vivid portrait of events. Abu ʻAmr, Abu Jaʻfar and Yaʻqub read it as: “. . . appointed for Moses . . .” c By mortifying it. Qd Nafieʻ, Ibn ʻAmer and Abu Jaʻfar read it as: “Your offenses will be forgiven for you . . .” a

Qb

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l i i ûğ x q h i h i h hȊ‹û űô û ȲŠɱh Šɽh Ň űû Ȳů ŋû jŧŤȫ Ĺśjğ ń Aźɉźũbh Aʼnłğ Ŏi Bĵ û ųi û ɉ‹ ʼnɆ h ȿ jŏŅ i ǣh Ŏh bh h û Ȯh ƅe źû hũ l Aźųi hŰŝh ŴŽj h ȑ‹ğ ^h ʼnğ ĸh ȯh ̻ ǻ Ǟ j j h ğ h û l h h h h h h h įŦ űû Źi ɉ ŮžjȰ djȑ‹ğ h ȑ‹ ȇ ĵhȍŌŵ Ŵjh Ųk ˊŌq Łû jK Aźųi Űŝ ŴŽj h i i ûh l i h h mh ğ û jJ˯ø ̼ `ź Š h Ɋi ǐ Š h ŏû hȽŎ‹ ŪŏŧȬ Aźŵǽ ĵųjķ j;ĵųŏɉ‹ ƽź h û hû ih û h h h h h hû h h h k ŷi Ŷjû Ų Dŋh ł ŧŵĭŦ ð ŋłơ‹ ]ĵŕšjȨ Bǰ‹ ĵŶŰŪȯ ĀjŷŲj źû Ūj ů j l ii û ihh û ğ hi Ġi h h û h qû h hh û h hhû Aźǿ ðűŹɅǬŲ Mĵ p ŵɁ ȁ űj ŰŠ ʼnũ ðĵŶžȭ CǬŠ ĵļȿľ‹ h û lûhû h hh ğ l h û h ûi h j ̽ ŴŽjʼn jŏŧŲ P˱Ɓ‹ Ǎj AźĿšȩ ƅb jĬ‹ \j Lû jKk ŴjŲ AźɅi Ǩ‹ b h û hh i û h h û h h ŕû ğŵ Ŵů ƽź Š h ųi Š ɔh űû ļi Űiũ J˯ Š ǚ ĵȍ SIĭŦ ʼnp ń j Š ɩh ˉp ĵšh Śh ȇ j mğ û i h û i i ğ hh û ûi h ğh ĵŹh j ɋĵĿj ũbh ĵŹjh ŰŪȨh Ŵü Ųj P˱Ɓ‹ ĺ j ĸ˪Ļ ĵųjɊ ĵȍ Fŋj ƞ ūɅK ğ h i ûh ûhh h h h h hh h h h h h ih hŠ û h h i ƭI= źŸ djȑ‹ `źɉjʼnĸȽŏȶɁ ^ĵũ ðĵŹj ŰŕɅb ĵŹjŎʼnŠb ĵŹjɊźŦb ğ ûh h ğ i h ğ h q û l i û fû h h i Ň źŸ djȑĭjķ ñűû iȋɂŎ ĵŲ űȲů `jıŦ ˊDzjɊ AźśjĸŸ‹ ôǞ ğ h h imhh ih h û hû h iğk i ûh h û h i h Ř jôĬ‹ Ŵjh Ųk Ķ j b p Ťjķ b;ĵɅb ĹŶŭŏųɉ‹b Ĺůjȑ‹ űŹj žŰŠ ĺɅǰ h l ğ h i û h iû i h ğ h h h `źŰļi ŪɆh bh jĬ‹ ĺ j Š ɔ˲ `bŋi ŧȲhŽ Aźŵǽ űû Źi ȫɂjķ ūj ɉŠə l i h l h h h h k hû û h h k ğ ̾ `bʼni ļh šû Ȭh Aźŵǽbğ Aźŕh Š ĵųh j ķ ūj ɉŠə Ũ ˏ j ơ‹ Ǟ j Ťjķ ŴāZjžjȼȍ‹ ğ ğ h Š hŠ h ğ h l i h h h l ih h h ğ ğ h nZĸŠɻů‹ Ŵû Ųh ǻ b cŋɻȍ‹b AbIĵŸ ŴŽjȑ‹b AźŶŲA; ŴŽjȑ‹ `j? jj h hh h h h ğ i h h h h û bh jĬĭ űû Ÿŋi Łû = űû Źi ŰŦ ĵŅjq ۊɞ Ůųj Šbh ŋjj Ň˖‹ _j źû Ȏ‹ j ķ ŴŲA; h h f h h û h i ûh i h h Š J˯ ̿ `źŵŌh Ƙ űû Ÿ ƅbh űû Źj žû ŰŠ [źû Ň ƅbh űû Źj j Ʌk Kh ʼnŶj m h l i i h Ġ i i h û h h û h h h û i hŠh hû h h ĵŲ AbŊŇ Kźśů‹ űȲũźŦ ĵŶšȯKb űȲŪɯžjŲ ĵŵŊŇ= l i û i h i h i ğ h i i h űğ Ȫ ̀ `źŪļğ ȩ űû ȲŰšh ů jŷžjȯ ĵŲh Abŋi ŬJ‹bh p ˅źğ Ūjķ űȲŠɰh žû ȩA;h ğ h i û h h hh h h i h h ğ űû Ȳžû ŰŠ jĬ‹ ŮŘŦ ƅźû ŰŦ ðūj ɉŠə ʼnj šû Ȩh Ŵü Ųj k űļi ûȎźh Ļ h û h k i i h iihû h h h Ǫj Šɴ h ȑ‹ğ űi ļi ųjû ŰŠh ʼnû Ūh hůbh ́ ŴɆ ů‹ ŴjŲ űļŶŭů ÿŷļƧKb ŴŽj j l û eh h l i i û ih hû i h i û ğ Ǎ űû ȲŶj CIŋj ũ AźŵźŬ űŹɉ ĵŶŰŪȯ ĺ Ų Abû ʼnh ļh ȭ‹ j ĸŏɉ‹ j h h hŠhû h h h hû h h û Ȩh ĵųjh k ɉ Ɔq Š ʃ h nZ jŏŠɗh ĵŹh ŧŰŇ ĵŲh bh ĵŹh Ȭû ʼnh hŽ ǻ ŵ ĵŹɰŰšłŦ ͂ ǻ j

not endure one kind of food, so call upon your Lord to bring out for us of what the earth germinates: of its herbs and its cucumbers and its garlic and its lentils and its onions.” He said, “Would you pl exchange what is better for what is less? Go down to Egypt where you will have what you asked for.” And they a were struck with humiliation and destituteness, and they incurred wrath from Allah. That was because they used to deny Allah’s signsb and unjustifiably kill the prophets. That was because they disobeyed and used to transgress. 62 Indeed, those who have attained faith and those who have Judaized and the Christians and the Sabians—whoever has attained faith in Allah and the Last Day and has acted righteously—then theirc reward is with their Lord, and no feard shall be upon them nor shall they grieve. 63 And recall when We took a pledge from youpl and raised Mount Tûr above you: “Take what We have given you firmly and remember what is in it, that you may become mindful (of God).” 64 But after that youpl turned away. So were it not for Allah’s grace and mercy towards you, you would have been of the losers. 65 And you surely knew those of you who transgressed the Sabbath, so We said to them, “Be despicable apes!” Thus We made it a deterrent for their generation 66 and for subsequent generations, and a lesson for the mindfulpl (of God). 67 And recall when Moses said to his people, “Indeed, Allah commands you to slaughter a cow.” They said, “Do you make a mockery of us?” He said, “I seek refuge with Allah from being one of the ignorant.” 68 They said, “Call upon your Lord to make evident to us what (sort of cow) it is.” He said, “He says it is a cow neither too old nor too young—of median age between that, so do what you are commanded.” 69 They said, “Call upon your Lord to make evident to us what its color is.” He said, “Indeed, He says that it is surely a yellow cow, bright in color, pleasing to the beholders.” 70 They said, “Call upon your Lord to make evident to us what (sort of cow) it is; surely all cows look alike to us and—if Allah wills— we shall most surely be guided.” 71 He said, “He says it  yoked to plow the earth nor to is a cow neither



A grammatical shift from 2nd person to 3rd person. The Arabic word used is ayat (singular ayah). Ayah means ‘sign’ or ‘proof’. It is also used to denote the unit of text in the Qur’an, like ‘verse’ in poetry or ‘sentence’ in prose. Each such unit is considered a ‘sign’ from God. c A grammatical shift from singular to plural. Qd Yaʻqub read it as: “. . . and no fear shall ever be upon them nor shall they grieve.” a

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û h Ūļğ ųi ûŰj ků Ĺq Şjh Šźû Ɋh bh h ğ `ğ ? mĀjŷŲj źû Ūjh ů ƽź Š h Ɋi ^ĵh hũ J˯ Ĭ‹ ̓ǻ j j h h h h i i h i ğh lmi h qh hh l ih û h h û i i iûh JźŠi = ^ĵũ ðˊbq Ōi Ÿ ĵŵŊň j ļȩɁ Aźɉĵũ ð CŋŪȨ AźƔŊĻ `= űȱŋɊįŽ h i û l i h h i h ûh ğ h h ûů‹ Ŵjh Ų `ź h ŰŹŠɲ ȱ= `= jĬĭjķ ūɅğ Kh ĵhȍ SI‹ Aźɉĵũ ̈́ ǻj j h x h ğ x h ğ i i ğ h h h h hğ khi ƅbh PjKĵŦ ƅ Cŋh ŪȨh ĵŹh ȫj? ^źŪȬh ÿŷi ŵj? ^ĵũ ôǗ j ĵŲ ĵȍ ǻj ȼŽ i û l i h h û i l i û h h h h û h üi h h f û SI‹ Aźɉĵũ ͅ `bŋi Ɋh İĻ ĵŲh AźŰšh ȯĭŦ ðūj ɉŠə ǻ Ȩ `AźŠ ŋȲjķ x h hh h ğ i i h iğ h h h i ûh h hğ khi h ğ h hh CŋŪȨ ĵŹȫj? ^źŪȬ ÿŷŵj? ^ĵũ ô ĵŹȫźɉ ĵŲ ĵȍ ǻj ȼŽ ūɅK ĵȍ h i û l i h h ğ Ġ ih hiûğ x h imh û h h ŋŞj Šɰů‹ ūɅğ Kh ĵhȍ SI‹ Aźɉĵũ ͆ ŴɆ Ǫȶ ĵŹȫźů şj ũĵŦ ;AŋŧŔ j h m m h ğ hû h h hŠh h hhû ğ h h hğ khi i ğ ‹ ;h ĵőh `? ĵȫ˯ Ĭ ĵŶžŰŠ ŷĸɺȶ ŋŪȊ‹ `j? Ǘj ĵŲ ĵȍ ǻj ȼŽ j ğ x i i ih iğ h h h i hû ih i j ȾiĻ ^źɉJh ƅ x Cŋh Ūh Ȩh ĵŹh ȫğ ? ^ź Ǟ j ŪȬ ÿŷŵj? ^ĵũ ͇ `bʼnļŹųɉ ğ x ğ l i h h hh h h h hû h hû Aźɉĵũ ô ĵŹžjȯ Ĺžjő ƅ Ĺųh Űŏh Ɋi Eŋû ơ‹ ǐj ŏû ȶ ƅbh P˱Ɓ‹ û h i û l i h h i h h h k hû h Ĵû Ł Ŵh ˜ûů‹ ŊŦ Ũˏ j ơĭjķ ĺ J˯ ͈ `źŰšh ŧȬh AbIǽ ĵŲh bh ĵŸźƔ j û h i ûh i ğ h x û i i ğ h ðĵ h i Ŭ ĵŲğ F űû ļŶ ŋj ƥ Ĭ‹b Źžjȯ űû ȩ˸ŠɘĭŦ ĵŏq ŧȫ űû ļi Űļh Ȱ h û hû ih û h û ĸh ķ aź i ğ ƻû iŽ ūjh ɉŠɶh Ŭh ô ĵŹh Ř i Ʌi ǰ‹ š ĵŶŰŪȯ ͉ `źųi ļi ȲĻ Ĭ‹ j j j j h û h i û h û i ğ h h Šh h û i û ŏh hũ űğ Ȫi ͊ `ź Š źû ųh ɉ‹ ĺ ŰjŪšȩ űȲŰšů ĀjŷjļɔA; űȲɆŋj Ɇi bh Ș q û h Ġ h h h h h û h h h h Šh û h ü k i i i i łj ơĭŬ ǘj Ŧ ūj ɉə ʼnj šȨ ŴŲj űȲɅźŰũ ô Cźh ŏũ ʼnő= bû = j CKĵ h h h û h ğ h ûh û ğ h łj ơ‹ ŴjŲ `˯ ĵųh ɉ ĵŹh Ŷjû Ų `˯ ô ŋi Š ʇh ŵƁ‹ ŷi Ŷjû Ų ŋi łğ ŧļh Ȭh ĵųh ɉ j CKĵ h m û û h û h ğ ğ ğ jĹžh ŒŇ Ŵjû Ų ři j ĸŹû Ȭh ĵųh ɉ ĵŹh Ŷjû Ų `˯ ô ;i ĵųh ɉ‹ ŷi Ŷjû Ų Fi ŋi ňžh ȯ Ũi ŪŒhȹ h h hh h i h h h iğ hh ğ ĵŲb ñjĬ‹ `= `źši ųh śû ļh ȯ=ø ͋ `źŰųh šû ȩ ĵųğ ȭ Ůg jŧŠʀjķ Ĭ‹ hh h ğ i h l i ûi û x ŋhŦ `h ǽh ʼnû hũbh űû Ȳ ů AźŶjŲİŽ jĬ‹ űh Š ʄŬ `źši ųh ŏû h ȹ űû Źi ŶjŲk ŨɆ j i hh h h h h i i i i AJ˯ ͌ `źųi Űšû Ȭh űû Ÿbh iaźŰŪȭ ĵŲh ʼnj šû Ȩh Ŵü Ųj ÿŷi ŵźŦŋj k hƘ űğ Ȫ h l i h l h h h i h ȑ‹ğ l AźŪi hů ǓŠ j ? űû Źi Řšû Ȩh ƆŇ AJ˯ ĵŶğ ŲAh ;h Aźm ɉĵũ AźŶi ŲAh ;h ŴŽj h h i ih l i h i h h iğ űû Ȳžû ŰŠ Ĭ‹ Ńh ļh ȯ ĵųh j ķ űŹi ȫźľjʼnk hƕɁ Aźm ɉĵũ Ŗp šû Ȩh hhh i m h i h i ûh hhh û i kh h ƅb= ͍ `źŰjŪšȩ ƆŦ= űô ȲjɅK ʼnŶjŠ Ājŷjķ űȡźŁĠ ĵŅ Ȏj

irrigate the field, sound without blemish.” They said, “Now you have come with the truth.” So they slaughtered it, though they almost did not. 72 And recall when you pl killed a self then shifted responsibility for it onto each other, but Allah was to bring out (to the open) what you were concealing. 73 So We said, “Strike him with part of it.” Thus Allah brings the dead to life, and He shows youpl His signs, that you may reason. 74 Then after that your hearts hardened, so that they were as rocks or even harder. For surely from some rocks rivers gush out, and surely some others splinter so that water comes out from them, and surely some others sink in awe of Allah. And Allah is never oblivious of what youa do. 75 Do youpl ardently hope that they will believe you, when a group of them used to hear the Speech of Allah and then distort it after they had reasoned, knowingly? 76 And when they encounter those who have attained faith, they say, “We have attained faith.” But when they come together privately, they say, “Do you pl inform them of what Allah has disclosed to you so that they might debate you concerning it before your Lord?” Do you not reason? 77 Do they not know that Allah knows whatever they keep secret and whatever they make public? 78 And among themb are illiterates who do not know the Scripture, other than fancies, and they only speculate. 79 So woe to those who scribe the Scripture with their own hands and then say, “This is from Allah,” that they may purchase, in exchange for it, a small price. Woe to them on account of what their hands have written, and woe to them on account of what they earnc. 80 And they said, “The Fire will not touch us except for a few days.” Saysg, “Have youpl taken a covenant from Allah—so Allah will never break His covenant—or are you saying about Allah what you do not know?” 81 Yes indeed, whoever has earned an evil deed and whose offense hasd surrounded him—then those are the fellows of the Fire; therein they abide. 82 But those who have attained faith and have done righteous deeds— those are the fellows of the Garden (of Paradise); therein they abide. 83 And recall when We took a  Children of Israel: “Youe shall pledge from the



Ibn Kathir read it as: “. . . of what they do.” The Jews. c A grammatical shift from past tense to present tense. Qd Nafieʻ and Abu Jaʻfar read it as: “. . . whose offenses have surrounded . . .” Qe Ibn Kathir, Hamza and Al-Kesa’i read it as: “They shall worship . . .” Qa b

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h h Ġ i h ihûh hğ ğh h ihûh űû Źi Ŷjû Ųbh ͎ `źŶji Űšû Ȭi ĵŲh bh `bǪ j ȹ ĵŲ űŰšȬ Ĭ‹ `= `źųŰšȬ h h i ğ i û ğ h m ğ h Šh û h i h û h h h Ġ ki `źŶĠ ŞȬh ƅj? űû Ÿ `˯ ƭĵ j ů‹ `źųŰšȬ ƅ `źžjŲ= j Ų= ƅj? Ķɮŭ h h i i i h ii û h h ğk x ûhh h Šɮjh ŭûů‹ `ź `źɉźŪȬh űğ Ȫ űû Źj ŽjʼnûŽɂjķ Ķ ĸļȲŽ ŴŽjȓj ů ŮɆźŦ ͏ ğ x h q h l ih û h ğ h h h űŹi ɉ ŮɆû źh Ŧ ð Ɔžj Űũ ĵŶq ųh Ȫ Ājŷjķ AbǛ Œɀj ů jĬ‹ ʼnj ŶjŠ Ŵjû Ų AŊŠɪ h û hhh ğ k l i hh ğ x h û Aźɉĵũb ͐ `źĸi jŏȲhŽ ĵųjğ Ɋk űŹi ɉ ŮɆû bh bh űû Źj ŽjʼnûŽɁ ĺ ĸļŬ ĵųjɊ h h iû hğ ûi qh ğ h q ğŽɁ mƅğ ? Kĵ i ğ h ğ hh h Š űû ȩŊƛɁ Ůũ ô CIbʼni šû Ųğ ĵŲĵ jĬ‹ ʼnŶj j ȍ‹ ĵŶŏųȩ Ŵů h h ğ hh h i ih ûh mi h û h iğ h ûi hh q h ƅ ĵŲ jĬ‹ ȇ `źɉźŪȩ _= ÿð aʼnŹȭ Ĭ‹ ťj Űƞ ŴŰŦ AʼnŹû ȭ hh qh k h h h h h ihûh h û h Š Š h hķ ͑ `ź Ājŷjķ ĺśɖ=b ĹĴjɀŎ ĶŏŬ ŴŲh ˏ ǔ ųŰšȩ h i h h i Šh h û i ğ i Šh û h Ģ l h iihm h ͒ `bȒ j ɗ ĵŹžjȯ űŸ ˌjKĵȍ‹ ĶɳŔ= ūjɌʤbįŦ ÿŷļnZžśj Ň h Ģhli h ğ l i h l ih h Ŕû h= ū i Šɳ h ȑ‹ğ bh Ķ j Šɳj ۊɻů‹ AźŰųj Šbh AźŶŲA;h ŴŽj j Ɍʤb= ĺ h i Šh h hû h h û h i hû m j hķ Ũh Šɯžj j ɗ ĵŹžjȯ űû Ÿ ˌjĹŶğ Ơ‹ ƴ Ų ĵŵŊŇ= J˯ ͓ `bȒ û h i iû h h h Ģh û q h ğ ƅğ ? `b ʼnĸšȩ ƅ ŮŽj;ʴŎj? djJbh ĵȫĵŏh ńû j ? Ŵj ûŽȐh j Š ʆh ůĭjɅbh Ĭ‹ j û l h h h Š h Šh hû h Šh û iû ğ ɉ Aźiɉźiũbh ǻjŭɹ j ŶŰj ĵŶq ŏû ńi Mĵ ɮȎ‹b ȗŋŪů‹ j Š ųɉ‹b ǖ q h ğ û iûğhh ğ i hŠ h ğ l i h h hŠh ğ l i hh Ɔžj Űũ ƅj? űļȎźĻ űȪ CźŬŌɉ‹ AźĻA;b CźŰŕɉ‹ AźųžjȰ=b h i h h hû h h û h i i k i h=bh űû ȲŶj ƅ űû ȲŪŠɯžjŲ ĵŵŊŇ= J˯ ͔ `źŗŋj šû ŲĠ űļŵ Ų h i h ûi h i m h i h i h i űû ȡŋj Š ɔjI ŴjŲk űȲŏh ŧŵ= `źŁi ŋj ƛ ƅbh űû ȱ;h ĵŲjh I `źŭjŧŏû ȶ ûh i hh û i û hûh ğ i h i ûh mhiĢh ûi h ği h `źŰļi Ūȩ ;j ƅİʧ űļŵ= űȪ ͕ `bʼni Źh Œȶ űû ļŵ =b űȩKŋũ= űȪ ûi q h h h i h hh h i i `bŋi Źh ŠɾĻ űjû Ÿŋj Š ɔjI ŴjŲk űȲŶjŲk ĵŪɆŋj Ŧ `źŁi ŋj ƛbh űû Ȳŏh ŧŵ= û û û i hi Š h Šh i û i iûh ûh h űû Ÿbʼni ŠʁĻ c ŋɜ= űȡźĻɂŽ `˯ `j Š ɩh ʼnû ši ů‹bh űj ľƃĭ j j ķ űŹj žŰŠ h i ûihh û i i h û û i ûh h f ğhi h i h h û û ĸh ķ `ź Š Ŗ š Ķ ɮj ŭ ů‹ j j ŶjŲİļȯ= űô ŹŁAŋŇj? űȲžŰŠ _ŋƤ źŸb j m h h h i û i ûh h iû hh űû ȲŶjŲ ūj ɉŠə Ůšh ŧȬh ŴŲh ;i AŌh Łh ĵųh ȯ Ŗ ˏ p šĸjķ `bŋi ŧȲĻb h h Ģ h h Ġ h i h Š h û h û h h h û Ġ Š h hû x Ōjû Ň ƅğ j ? ʼnj k ő= Ǔ j ? `bIŋŽ jĹųɱŪj ů‹ _źɆb ðĵžȫȐ‹ j Cźžơ‹ Ǎj d h hû h ihûh ğ h h iğ hh h Ģhli hŴŽjȑ‹ğ ū ˍ j Ŋšů‹ j Ɍʤb= ͖ `źŰųšȩ ĵųȭ Ůg jŧŠʀjķ Ĭ‹ ĵŲb BA

worship none but Allah, and excel in showing kindness to the parents and the relative and orphans and the destitutepl, and say kind words to mankind and establish the prayers and bringa the purifying charityb.” Then youc turned away in disregard, except for a few of you. 84 And recall when We took a pledge from youpl: “You shall not shed your blood nor evict yourselves from your homes.” Then you consented while you were witnessing. 85 Then here you are, killing yourselves and evicting a group of your own from their homes—backing each other against them in sin and hostility. And if they come to you as captives, you do ransomd them, while their eviction is forbidden to you. Is it that you believe in part of the Scripture and deny part? So what is the repayment for those of you who do that but disgrace in the Earlier Life, and (that) on the Day of Resurrection they are turned back to the most severe punishment? For Allah is never oblivious of what youe do. 86 Those are the ones who purchased the Earlier Life in exchange for the Hereafter, so the punishment is not lightened for them nor are they to be supported. 87 And most surely, We brought Moses the Scripture and sent a succession of messengers after him. And We brought Jesus, son of Mary, the evident proofs, and We aided him with the Holy Spirit. Is it that every time a messenger came to you with anything your (inner) selves do not desire, you acted arrogantly, so one group you disbelieved, and another group you killf ? 88 And they said, “Our hearts are enfolded.” Rather, Allah has cursed them for their denial, so little do they believe. 89 For when a scripture came to them from Allah, confirming what they had—although previously they were seeking a conquest against those who denied—but when there came to them what they recognized, they denied it. So may Allah’s curse be upon the deniers. 90 Miserable is what they have purchased in exchange for their (very) selves—that they deny what Allah has bestowed from on highg, out of resentment that Allah would

The Qur’an always uses verb ‘to bring’ rather than verb ‘to give’ inassociation with charity; this should be pondered by  the reader. b The Arabic word used is zakāt, which denotes purification and growth. c A grammatical shift from 3rd person to 2nd person. Qd All except for Nafieʻ, ʻAsem, Al-Kesa’i, Yaʻqub and Abu Jaʻfar read it as: “. . . you ransom them,” Qe Nafieʻ, Ibn Kathir, Shuʻbah, Yaʻqub and Khalaf in his preferred narration read it as: “. . . what they do.” f A grammatical shift from past tense to present tense; using present tense for an old practice emphasizes that it was a tradition frequently practiced. Qg Ibn Kathir, Abu ʻAmr and Yaʻqub read it as: “. . . what Allah has sent down . . .” a

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hi hh h û Ġ h Š h hû l i h h û i Ŋh šh ûů‹ űi Źi Ŷû ȭh ťi ŧğ ƞ BA ƆŦ ˌjCŋjŇ˖ĭjķ ĵžh ȫȐ‹ Cźžơ‹ AbǛő‹ ğ h h Šh û h i hûh h û hh h h i h i û i hh Ž űŸ ƅb ĵŶh žû ŧȰbh Ķ ɮjŭů‹ ƽźɊ ĵŶɀĻA; ʼnŪůb ͗ `bDzŶ h û hûh h û h Ġ ķ Āj aʼnj šû Ȩh Ŵü Ųj ĺ j Šɰjžk hȊ‹ űh Ɇh ŋû Ɋ Ŵh Ȩ‹ ƿɀjŠ ĵŶɀĻA;h bh ˌŮj Ŏi ŋɉĭ j h h üi i h û i h m h h ğ i h h ii û j i i Š h û ğ h h ƅ ĵųjķ ^źŎK űȱ;ĵŁ ĵųȀŦ= M ˍ j ʼnŪů‹ Gbŋjķ ŷɓʼnŽɁb ğ h q hh iûhû h û i i i i h Ģ hûh q h ĵŪɆŋj Ŧbh űû ļi Ȩû ŊŬ ĵŪɆŋj ŧȯ űû ȩǚ ŭļŎ‹ űȲŏŧŵ= cźŹȩ h i ûh ͘ `źŰļi Ūȩ ğ x Šɮjh Ŭ űû Ÿi ;h m ĵŁh ĵųğ h ɉbh ͙ jĬ‹ ʼnj ŶjŠ Ŵjû Ųk Ķ hh h i ûh ûh iûh l i h k x h ȑ‹ğ ȇ `źŅjļŧļŏȹ ŮĸȰ ŴjŲ AźŵȢbh űû Źi šh Ųh ĵųjh ɉ \jʼnk ŕh Ɋi ŴŽj l hh l i h hh l hh ğ i hh i m jĬ‹ ĹŶh šû ŰŦ Ājôŷjķ Abŋi ŧȱ AźŦŋh Š ĵŲğ űŸ;h ĵŁh ĵųğ ŰŦ Abŋi ŧȱ h l hh û h h û h û hh i h h ŋjŧŠʃ ů‹ ȇ ő‹ ĵųŏȻjķ ͚ ŴɆ `= űû Źi ŏh ŧŵ= mĀjŷjķ Abû Ǜ j h h l h h m û h khi i ğ ^ǣ eûh iğ h h iiû h ĀjŷjŰŘŦ ŴjŲ Ĭ‹ j Ȭ `= ĵžŤȨ Ĭ‹ ^Ōŵ= ĵųjķ AbŋŧȲŽ h h Šh h h h imhh h Š Ŵjû Ų ;i m ĵŒh h ȹ ŴŲh ȇ Šh h j Ķ Ķ Ř Ť ķ b ; ĵ ĸ ȯ Āj a I ĵ ĸj ˏ p Řţ ȇ ð j g m h l i h û ih h h x h h h Šh û h x ŹɊĠ BA ĵųjķ AźŶjŲA; űŹɉ ŮžjȰ AJ˯ ͛ ǻ ŊŠ ŴɆŋj jŧʃŰj ɉb j i h h h mh i ûi l i h iğ hh h h iû ĵųh j ķ `bŋi ŧȲɆh bh ĵŶh žû ŰŠ ^Ōŵ j = ĵųjķ ŴjŲİŵ Aźɉĵũ Ĭ‹ ^Ōŵ= k q h i ûh h ûi h û źh Ÿi bh ÿia;h m AKh bh `źŰļi Ūȩ űjh ŰŦ Ůũ ñűû Źi šh Ųh ĵųjh ɉ ĵũjʼnk ŕh Ɋi ŨĠ ơ‹ hhh ğ hmh h h ŶŲj İû ŲĠ űļŶ i Ŭi `? Ůi ĸû Ȱh ŴjŲ jĬ‹ ʼnû Ūůbø ͜ ǻj ;ĵžjĸ˩= j h û û i i û hğ ğ i Šh khû Š h Ġ i hm h Āj aʼnj šû Ȩh Ŵü Ųj Ůł jšů‹ űȩŊƛ‹ űȪ ĺ j ɰjžȊĭjķ ƽźŲ űȱ;ĵŁ h h i hh i h h h i h h hû h h û űi Ȳũźû Ŧ ĵŶh šû ȯKh bh űû ȲŪŠɯžjŲ ĵŵŊŇ= J˯ ͝ `źųji ۊɡ űû ļŵ =b

send down His grace upon whomever He wills of His servants. Thus they incurred wrath upon wrath, for for the deniers is a demeaning punishment. 91 And when it is said to them, “Believe in what Allah has sent down,” they say, “We believe in what was sent down to us,” and they deny anything beyond that, although it is the truth which confirms what they have. Saysg, “Why (then) do you killa Allah’s prophets—earlier—if you are believers?” 92 And very truly Moses came to youpl with the evident proofs, then you took the calf (for worship) after him while you were unjust. 93 And recall when We took a pledge from youpl and raised Mount Tûr above you: “Take what We have given you firmly and hear.” They said, “We have heard and disobeyed.” And, on account of their denial, in their hearts they were soaked in (the worship of) the calf. Saysg, “How miserable is that which your pl faith commands you to do, if you are believers.” 94 Saysg, “If the Home of the Hereafter with Allah is for youpl alone apart from all mankind, then wish for death if you are truthful.” 95 But they will never wish for it, on account of what their hands have put forth. For Allah is All-Knowing of the unjust. 96 And yousg will most surely find them the most adhering of mankind to life, and more so than those who associated (others with God). Every one of them would love to have his life extended a thousand years, but being granted a long life does not nudge him from the punishment, for Allah is All-Seeing of what they b do. 97 Say sg , “Whoever is an enemy to Gabriel…c—for indeed, it is he who has bestowed it upon yoursg heart from on high by Allah’s leave, confirming what preceded it, and guidance and glad tidings for the believers.” 98 Whoever is an enemy to Allah and His angels and His messengers and Gabriel and Michael—then surely Allah is an enemy to the deniers. 99 And We have indeed sent down to yousg evident signs, and none denies them except the defiantly disobedient. 100 Is it not that whenever they make a covenant, a group of them throws it away? In fact, most of them do not believe. For when a messenger from Allah came to them 101  they had, a group of those who confirming what were given the Scripture threw the Scripture of

l i h l û h ği i hûh h mh l i i h Ġ ĵŶh šû ųj Ŏh Aźɉĵũ Aźð ši ųh Ŏ‹ b p ˅źŪjķ űȲŠɰžȩA; ĵŲ AbŊŇ Kźśů‹ l û ih hû h h h ûi hû û i ii ûi Ůũ űjô û Ÿŋj ŧȲjķ Ůł jšů‹ űŹj j ɅźŰũ Ǎj AźɅi Ǩ j =b ĵŶžŕŠb ûi i iŠh m i i iûh h h û h ŶŲj İû ŲĠ űļŶ i Ŭi `? űû Ȳ Ůũ ͞ ǻj Ŷ ʅŽ ? Āj ŷ ķ ű ȱ ŋɊįŽ ĵųŏȻjķ j j j i k q h h ğ h ih i ğ i i h û h h `b j I ŴjŲ Ĺŕj ɉĵŇ jĬ‹ ʼnŶjŠ CŋjŇ˖‹ KAȐ‹ űȲů ĺŵǽ `j? h h û hû l ğhhh j ğ h Ȱʼnj Š ɞh űû ļŶ i Ŭi `? D ai źû Ŷğ ųh ļh Ȭh Ŵůbh ͟ ǻj ȍ‹ j źųɉ‹ Aźi Ŷųļȯ Mĵ 

Using present tense for an old practice emphasizes that it was a tradition frequently practiced. Yaʻqub read it as: “. . . of what youpl do.” c This sentence is left open-ended; according to Ibn ʻAshour and other exegetes, its predicate is “then let him take God as an enemy.” a

Qb

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ğ ü i h i ğ h û û h û h ğ h h üh h h h ųjۊɾůĭ ͠ ǻ j j ķ űžj ŰŠ Ĭ‹b űô Źj ŽjʼnŽɁ ĺŲʼnũ ĵųjķ ˊʼnķɁ h h ğ l i h û h ğ h h Š h h Šh h hh h j ğȍ‹ Oh ŋh ńû = űû Źi ȫʼnh ł Aźô ȡǨ= ŴŽjȑ‹ ŴjŲb p ˅źžń ȇ Mĵ j ȋb h i h Ġ hûh i û h Ŵjh Ų Ājŷń j Ōj ńŌh ųi j ķ źh Ÿ ĵŲh bh Ĺp ŶŎh ťůɁ ŋi ųğ šh Ȭi źû ɉ űû Ÿʼni ńh = Iźh hŽ ûi h i i ŕj hķ Ĭ‹ i ğ bh ñ ŋh ųğ šh Ȭi `h= BAŊh šh ûů‹ ŴŲh Ůũ ͡ `źŰųh šû Ȭh ĵųh j ķ ü Ǟ j h h û k û h h h h q ğ h ğ h k i h h h Š ÿȔi Ōğ ŵ ÿŷi ŵjıŦ ŮɆǚû ł jĬ‹ `j JjıjȨ ūjĸŰũ ȇ j j Zj ů ˊbʼnŠ `ǽ h ŶŲj İû ųi ûŰj ɉ c h û Ȩh ĵųjh k ɉ ĵũjq ʼnk ŕh Ɋi h û i ȵbh cʼnq Ÿi bh jŷûŽʼnh hŽ ǻ Š Ǭ ŴŲh ͢ ǻj h Ģ h h h ğ k kq i h h h h h h û h iih Ųb jĬj ˊbʼnŠ `ǽ يƋŭžjŲbh ŮɆǚ j b ĀjŷjŰŎKb ĀjŷjļŭjɌˁ j Ł h û û k xk i h h ğ ğ h h h m h h h h û h h h ĺ ģ Š ɔA;h ūûȎj? ĵhȍŌŵ= ʼnŪůb ͣ ŴɆŋj jŧŠʃŰj ů bʼnŠ Ĭ‹ `jıŦ l i hŠh h ği hh h i hû ğ m iû hkh AbʼnŹɢ ĵųȣb= ͤ `źŪ jŏŠʁů‹ ƅj? ĵŹh j ķ ŋi ŧȲhŽ ĵŲh bh ˌĺ p ŠɰjžȨ h û h i ih û h ûh iûk x h ih hğ q û h ͥ `źŶji ŲİiŽ ƅ űû Ÿǜ ȱ= Ůķ űˏ ŹŶjŲ ŨɆŋj Ŧ ÿaŊĸȫ AʼnŹȭ k x h h h x ğ i m Ŋĸh ȫ űû Źi šh Ųh ĵųjh ɉ \jʼnk ŕh Ɋi jĬ‹ ʼnj ŶjŠ Ŵjû Ųk ^źŎi Kh űû Ÿ;h ĵŁh ĵųğ ɉbh i m ğ h Šh h Šh û l i i h ğ h k x h űjû ŸjKźŹi ŝ ;h AKh bh jĬ‹ Ķ ɮjŬ Ķɮŭ j ů‹ AźĻb= ŴŽjȑ‹ ŴjŲ ŨɆŋj Ŧ hŠ h i h ğ l i û h h l i h ğ h h ğhh h h ȇ ǻśj ŠɱŒɉ‹ AźŰļȩ ĵŲ Aźšĸȩ‹b ͦ `źųi Űšû Ȭh ƅ űû Źi ȫɂŬ û ğ ğ Šh h i Š h û h i h h h h h h h śŠɱh Œɉ‹ ŴȲ ǻ j ɧb ŴʅžŰŎ ŋŧȱ ĵŲbh ðŴh Š ʅžû ŰŎi ū j ŰɊi j h k l hh ûh h hû hh h i m hh h û k h ǻ j Mĵğȍ‹ `źųji Űšh Ȭi Abŋi ŧȱ j ŭŰųɉ‹ ȇ ^Ōŵ j = ĵŲb ŋŅŏɉ‹ mh ih ğ h h h û hkhi hh h i hh h i h h h Š ń ʼng ń= ŴjŲ `ĵ ƅźŪȬ Ʋ j ųj ŰšȬ ĵŲb ôDbŋŠɨb DbŋŠɪ Ůjķĵĸjķ h i h h ğ h iû h hh x ûh ğ `źũŋj k ŧȬi ĵŲh ĵųh Źi Ŷjû Ų `źųi Űšh ļh žh ȯ ð ŋû ŧȲĻ ƆŦ ĹŶh ļjû Ŧ Ŵi Ɨ ĵųh ȫj? h h û Ȩh Ājŷķ h Kk m ĵŘh ķ űŸi ĵŲh bh ĀjŷŁbû Lh bh j;ŋû ųh û ɉ‹ ǻ ʼng ńh = Ŵjû Ų Ājŷjķ ŴɆ ô j j j j ğ û hû h h û i i h h h h û i Ġ i h h h i ğ h h h h ğ ʼnŪůb űô ŹšŧŶŽ ƅb űŸǴŽ ĵŲ `źųŰšļɆb jôĬ‹ `j JjıjȨ ƅj? h h i hh û hh l i h û h Šh h û h ő‹ Ŵj ųɉ Aźųj ŰŠ ōh ȻjȊbh Ũ ˏ p ʄŇ ŴjŲ j CŋjŇ˖‹ Ǎj ÿȔi ĵŲ ŷŠƊǛ h h l h h h ğ h h h l i h h i űû Źi ȫɁ źû ɉbh ͧ `źųi Űšû Ȭh Aźŵǽ źû ɉ űô û Źi ŏh ŧŵ= mĀjŷjķ Abû Ǩ ĵŲ x h ihh lû hğ h l ih h h h l i h ğ h ğ `źųi Űšû Ȭh Aźŵǽ źû ů ôxǞû Ň jĬ‹ ʼnj ŶjŠ Ŵjû Ųk ĹɅź Ŀųɉ AźŪȩ‹b AźŶŲA; h û i l i i h h Šh l i i h h l i h h h ğ h Ġ h Ģ h ĵŵŋŞŵ‹ Aźɉźũb ĵŶjŠɚ AźɉźŪȩ ƅ AźŶŲA; ŴŽjȑ‹ ĵŹȬɂʑ ͨ

Allah behind their backs as if they did not know, 102 and they followed what the devils reada during the reign of Solomon. But never did Solomon denyb; rather it was the Satans who denied, teaching people sorcery and what was sent down in Babylon to the two angels Harut and Marut. And they do not teach anybody until they say, “We are but a means of trial, so do not deny (faith).” Even so, they learn from them the means to cause separation between a man and his spouse—but never could they harm anyone except by Allah’s leave. And they learn what would harm them and not benefit them. Yet they did know that whoever purchased itc would have no share in the Hereafter. So indeed, how miserable is what they sold themselves for, if they only knew! 103 And had they attained faith and been mindful (of God), then surely a requital from Allah would have been better, if they only knew. 104 O you who have attained faith, do not say ‘Raʻina,’d but say, ‘Unthurna,’e and listen, for for the deniers is a painful punishment. 105 Neither the deniers from among the People of the Scripture nor the polytheists would love that any good be sent down upon youf from your pl Lord. Yet Allah specifies for His mercy whomever He wills, for Allah is the Possessor of great grace. 106 Never do We abrogateg any sign h nor cause it to be forgotten i unless We bring one better than it or similar to it. Have yousg not come to know that Allah is All-Powerful over everything? 107 Have yousg not come to know that to Allah belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth? For apart from Allah youpl have neither ally nor supporter. 108 Or do youpl want to question your Messenger as Moses was questioned earlier? For whoever substitutes denial for faith, then he has certainly strayed from the right way. 109 Many of the People of the Scripture would love to turn youpl back into deniers after you have attained faith, out of envy in their (inner) selves, after the truth has

A grammatical shift from past tense to present tense; using present tense for an old practice emphasizes that it was a tradition frequently practiced. b  Blaspheme. c  Sorcery. d This word means ‘Pay heed to us’ but sounds similar to a Hebrew word that means ‘the most evil of us’. e Grant us consideration. Qf Ibn Kathir, Abu ʻAmr and Yaʻqub read it as: “. . . be bestowed upon you from on high by your pl Lord.” Qg Ibn ʻAmer read it as: “Never do we command the abrogation of any . . .” h The Arabic word used is ayah. Ayah means ‘sign’ or ‘proof’. It is also used to denote the unit of text in the Qur’an, like ‘verse’ in poetry or ‘sentence’ in prose. Each such unit is considered a ‘sign’ from God. Qi Ibn Kathir and Abu ʻAmr read it as: “. . . nor postpone it unless We . . .” a

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h f h h h û h l ih û h Ġ h ŋjŧŠʃ Iźh hŽ ĵŲğ ͩ űx Ȏj = BA Űj ɉb Aźñ šųŎ‹b ŊŠ ŴɆ j h h h û iû hh û û l ihh h û `= ǻj ȡǬ j Š ɮjŭů‹ Ůj Ÿ= ŴjŲ Abŋŧȱ j ųɉ‹ ƅb Ķ ûh iğ h û i kğ k û h û k i ûh h h û ŋh ķ œĠ ļh ƞ ŴŲh ĀjŷjļƧ Ĭ‹b űô ȲjɅK ŴjŲ Ǟ j p Ň ŴjŲ űȲžŰŠ û h h h û hû i iğ h im hh hû Ĺg hŽA;h Ŵjû Ų ņŏȿ ŵ ĵŲø ͪ űž b ô ;ĵŒȹ j Şj šů‹ Ůj Řŧů‹ bJ Ĭ‹ û h h h h h h i ûh h ğ `ğ = űû hŰšû ȩh űû h ɉɁ ñm ĵŹh j ŰĿjû Ų bû = m ĵŹh Ŷjû Ųk Ǟû ƚ Š h h Ĭ‹ D į ȇ p j j ŵ ĵŹ jŏȿŵ b= h h ki i û i ih hğ ğ û h û h ûh h h ğ ū f ʼnhũ ;p ƾ û h ȁ D ŰɊ ÿȔ Ĭ‹ `= űŰšȩ űɉɁ ͫ ŋŽj j Š ʆŠʅŏɉ‹ j h hh k h ğ i k i h hh j hû h ͬǞ ˍ Ɓ‹b j I ŴjŲ űȲů ĵŲb P˱ p j b ŴjŲ jĬ‹ `b g ŕj ŵ ƅb Ƞ h l h h i h h h i i ûh i h h û i i i û h h Š ŴjŲ ƽźɊ ŮjɌŎ ĵųŬ űȲůźŎK AźŰnZŏȶ `= `bʼnɆŋj Ļ _= m ğ h i h hh h i û h ƃĭû ķ ŋh ŧû Ȳ ;h Aźh Ŏh Ůŗ ʼnû Ūȯ Ŵj Š ʅŽ ů‹ ^j ʼnğ ĸh ȽhŽ ŴŲh bh ñ Ůĸû Ȱ j j i h Ġ h Šh û û h û k x h ğ h ğ Ŵü Ųj k űȲŵbIŋi hŽ źû ɉ Ķ j ɮjŭů‹ Ůj Ÿ= ŴjŲ ǞjĿŬ Ib ͭ Ůž j j ȼŏɉ‹ i h q i Šh e ŧğ Ŭi űû Ȳj ʼnj šû Ȩh Ŵü Ųj k űŹj jŏŧŵ= ʼnj ŶjŠ Ŵjû Ųk Aʼnŏh ńh AKĵ ŶʅŽj? ʼnj šû Ȩh û ğ h l i h û l iû h Ġ û h ğ hȼhĻ ĵŲh iğ ƫ h űi Źi h ɉ ǻ h j įhŽ Ʋ Š ń AźŅŧŔ‹bh AźŧȭĭŦ ð Ũơ‹ Ĭ‹ k i Šh h h ğ ğ m û h h h ğ l i hh x ʼnhũ p;ƾ û h ȁ CźŠ Űŕɉ‹ AźųžjȰ=b ͮ ŋŽj j ȇ Ĭ‹ `j? Ājñaŋj Ɋįjķ h h l i i i ʼnk Ūh ȩi ĵŲh bh hCźŠ Ŭh Ōɉ‹ ğ l AźiĻA;h bh i ʼni Ə Ǟû Ňh Ŵjû Ųk űȲ Ɓ Aź Ɋj ŧŵ ab j jŏ ô j p hi ûh h l i hh h i h ğ h h ğ `ğ ? jĬ‹ ŮŇʼnŽ Ŵů Aźɉĵũb ͯ xǞŕj hķ `źŰųh šû ȩ ĵųh j ķ Ĭ‹ j ñ ʼnŶjŠ h h û h e i h h h ğ hğ û ûi h Š ŋh Š ɻh hŵ bû = AIź Ůũ ñűû Źi žjĠ ȫĵŲh = ūŰj Ļ ñc Ÿ `ǽ ŴŲ ƅj? ĹŶƠ‹ h h i hŠh ûi l i h h Ȱʼnj Š ɞh űû ļŶ i Ŭi `? űû Ȳ Š h hķ Ͱ ǻj űh ŰŎû = Ŵû Ųh ˏ ǔ Ŷɪŋķ AźĻĵŸ j h f h h ûi hih ğ ih û h h Š ÿiaŋi Łû = ÿm ŷi hŰhŦ Ŵjŏ x Ƥ [źû Ň ƅbh ĀjŷjɅk Kh ʼnŶj źŸb jĬj ÿŷŹŁb h h hh h i ûh i h ûh i û ĺ j ůĵũbh ͱ `źŵŌh Ƙ űû Ÿ ƅbh űû Źj žû ŰŠ j ŏh ɀů IźŹi hȎ‹ ĺ h Šh h Š h Š h ğ i ihû û h Š ŋh Š ɻh ğȍ‹ ĺhůĵhũbh ;ƾ Š h h Iź ȇ ŹȎ‹ ĺ cŋɻȍ‹ j ŏh ɀů c j p û ȇ h h ğ h h h h h h h û h iûh û ih û h h h `źųi Űšû Ȭh ƅ ŴŽj ȑ‹ ^ĵũ ūj ɉŠɶŬ ñĶŠɮjŭů‹ `źŰļȬ űŸb ;p ƾ û l i h h i ûh iğ h û jûh hû Ŧ űô Źj ɉźũ ŮĿjŲ Aźŵǽ ĵųžjȯ jĹųh Šɱh Ūj ů‹ _h źû hŽ űû Źi Ŷh ûɀhķ űi ȲƘ Ĭĭ h ğ h h h hhğ ğ h ûh û hh h i hûh Š Ų şŶŲ ŴųjɊ űi Űŝ= ŴŲb Ͳ `ź `= jĬ‹ ʼnł ŧj Űļƞ jŷžjȯ j ɹ h ȑ‹ğ ŴŽj hğhi ^ǣ Ȭ

become evident to them. So pardon and overlook until Allah brings about His command. Indeed, Allah is All-Powerful over everything. 110 And establish the prayer and bring a the purifying charity b, for whatever good you forward for yourselves, you will find it with Allah. Indeed, Allah is All-Seeing of what you do. 111 And they said, “None will enter the Garden (of Paradise) unless he has been a Jew or a Christian.” These are their fancies. Saysg, “Produce your proof, if you are truthful.” 112 Yes indeed, whoever submits his face (in worship) to Allah while excelling in doing good, then he has his reward with his Lord, and no fearc shall be upon them d nor shall they grieve. 113 Nevertheless, the Jews said, “Christians have no ground whatsoever to stand on,” while the Christians said, “Jews have no ground whatsoever to stand on.” Yet they read the Scripture. Similarly, the ones who do not know said the like of their saying. Thus Allah judges between them on the Day of Resurrection regarding whatever they differed over. 114 And who is more unjust than one who prevented (praying in) the mosques of Allah so that His Name be not mentioned in them, and pursued their ruin? Those—never was it for them to enter them except in fear. For them is disgrace in the Earlier (Life), and for them in the Hereafter is a great punishment. 115 And to Allah belong the East and the West, so wherever youpl turn, then that is where Allah’s Countenance is. Indeed, Allah is AllEmbracing, All-Knowing. 116 And theye said, “Allah has taken (for Himself) offspring.” Highly Exalted is He. Rather, to Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and the earth; all are devout towards Him— 117 the Innovator of the heavens and the earth, and whenever He decrees a matter, He only says to it, “Be,” and so it isf. 118 And those who do not know said, “If only Allah would speak to us, or a sign would come to us.” Thus said those who were before them—just what they said. Their hearts are alike. We have certainly made the signs evident for people who are certain. 119 We have indeed sent you





The Qur’an always uses verb ‘to bring’ rather than verb ‘to give’ in association with charity; this should be pondered by the reader. b The Arabic word used is zakāt, which denotes purification and growth. Qc Yaʻqub read it as: “. . . and no fear shall ever be upon them nor shall they grieve.” d A grammatical shift from singular to plural. Qe Ibn ʻAmer read it as: “They said . . .” Qf Ibn ʻAmer read it as: “He only says to it, ‘Be,’ so it is.” a

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h h h h h i m h û ĵŹžj h ȯ ŋh Ŭh Ŋû iŽ Š h Ŏh bh ÿŷi ųi Ŏ‹ űû Źi ɉ `ǽ ĵŲh ūjɌʤĢ bl = ô ĵŹh j ķAŋh Ň Ǎj Nj h x û hûĠ h h mh ğ mh i i ûh h Ǎj űû Źi ɉbh d ŌjŇ ĵžȫȐ‹ Ǎj űû Źi ɉ ôǻ jŧjɋĵŇ ƅj? ĵŸźŰŇʼnŽ `= h h i û hû h i û hû ğ h x h f h h h ĵųh Ŷh Ȭû ɂŦ B ô ŋj Ťųɉ‹b \Ǭ j ųɉ‹ jĬj b ͳ űžŞj Š BAŊŠ j CŋjŇ˖‹ h hğ l i h ğ i û h ğhh l Ġhi h ğ `ğ ? jĬ‹ x ŰŠh şjf ŎŠɩh Ĭ‹ Ŋƛ‹ Aźɉĵũbh ʹ űžj j ô ŷŁb űĿȯ AźůźĻ hû h h h ğ xk i h iğ h h û h ğ j ȁ P˱ j Š ʆŠʅŏɉ‹ Ǎj ĵŲ ÿȔi Ůhķ ÿð ŷi ŶŠɳĸŎi ñ ˑȐq bh Ĭ‹ ˌ Ɓ‹b D h h h h hû h h i Šh iğ h h ğ şŽj i ʼnhķ ͵ `ź Ģ ũ AJ˯ P˱ j ˊŋq Ɋû = DŽ ļj Ŷɥ ÿȔ j Š ʆŠʅŏɉ‹ ˌ Ɓ‹b D h h ğ h hh h i i ğ h h h i i h i `źųi Űšû Ȭh ƅ ŴŽj ȑ‹ ^ĵũb Ͷ `źŭžh ȯ Ŵȱ ÿȔi ^źŪȬh ĵųh ȫjıŦ ğ h h h h h x h h m h ûh ûh iğ h i k h i hûh h ŴjŲ ŴŽjȑ‹ ^ĵũ ūj ɉŠɶŬ ñ ĹŽA; ĵŶɀj ĻįĻ b= Ĭ‹ ĵŶųj ŰȲŽ ƅźɉ h h ğ ğ û h i iŰiũ ĺ û Źh ĸh ɺ Š h h ȶ òűû Źj j ɉźû hũ Ůh Ŀjû Ųk űŹj j Űĸû Ȱh ˉp źû Ūj ů ĺ j Š ɔ˖‹ ĵŶɀhķ ʼnũ ñűû Źi Ʌź i i h q h h q h k hû h h û h mğ Ŋŵb ˊǞ jŒȵ Ũj ơĭjķ ūŠɰh ŰŎh Kû = ĵȫj? ͷ `źŶji ũźiŽ ŮnZh ŏû ȶ ƅbh ðˊŋŽj h i û h h Š h ûh hh h û h û h h û ĶŠɳ ŋĻ Ŵůb ͸ űž ƅbh IźŹi hȎ‹ ūŶŠ ǂ j Ņ j Ơ‹ j Ŕ = Ŵȭ ğ ğh Šğ h Š hŠ h ğ ğ i ğ ûi Š ʼnh Źi û ɉ‹ źh Ÿi jĬ‹ ń cŋɻȍ‹ cʼnh Ÿ `j? Ůũ ñűû Źi ļh ŰjɊ şh j ĸȽĻ Ʋ ñc h ğ û û h m i m û h ûhğ ĵŲh űj Űjšů‹ Ŵjh Ų ]h ;h ĵŁh djȑ‹ ʼnh šû Ȩh űŸ;h Aźh Ÿ= ĺ šĸȩ‹ Ŵj j Ɍůbh ğ h h hh k h ğ h h h űi Źi Šɰh žû ȩA;h Ŵh Žjȑ‹ ͹ Ǟ ŕ j p j b ŴjŲ jĬ‹ ŴjŲ ūɉ g ŵ ƅb Ƞ h h h i h Šh û û h h i ŴŲh bh Ājñŷjķ `źŶji ŲİiŽ ūjɌʤĢ bl = mĀjŷjĻbh Ɔj Ļ Ũğ ńh ÿŷi ŵźŰļû Ȭh Ķ ɮjŭů‹ i h iû h i Šh û i i h Ģhl h m j ĸh Š ɔh ͺ `b ŮŽj;Ģ ʴh Ŏû j ? ƴ Ǫj ɴů‹ űŸ ūjɌʤbįŦ Ājŷjķ ŋû ŧȲhŽ i û ğ h kh i h h i ûhûh m ğ h hû l ii û űû Ȳļi ŰŘŦ ƭj Ɂbh űû Ȳžû ŰŠ ĺ ųšȫɁ Ʋj ů‹ Ʋj ųšj ŵ AbŋŬJ‹ hh l iğ ûğ h ûh ûh ğ h ųhۊɿh ûů‹ ȇ ōp ŧȫ ŴŠ ōf ŧȫ dŌj Ə ƅ ĵŲq źû hŽ AźŪȩ‹bh ͻ ǻ j i û h q h h h h x h i h x h h űû Ÿ ƅbh Ĺšh Šʁő ĵŹh ši ŧŶĻ ƅbh ^ʼnû Š ĵŹh Ŷjû Ų Ůĸh ŪȬi ƅbh ĵnZžû ő h i h i h h i Ġ h h h û Ģ h ļh Ȩ‹û jJ˯ø ͼ `b DzŶŽ ĺ p Š ʅj ŰȲjķ ÿŷɅK űāZjŸŠɷķj? ǔ h i h k h h ğ i ğ hhh ğ ɉū q Ųh ? Mĵ ğ Kk Ji ŴjŲbh ^ĵh hũ ðĵŲĵ j Ʋ Ɇ ŶŰj ŰjŠĵŁ ƭj j ? ^ĵũ ðŴŹųȩɂŦ ˌj j j h h h û ğ h i h ųjۊɾů‹ h žû hȊ‹û ĵŶh ûŰšh Łh J˯ ĺ ͽǻ djʼnŹû ȭ ^ĵŶh Ȭh ƅ ^ĵũ j l i ğ h qûhh kq h i h h û hğ ğ ků Ĺq hķĵĿh Ųh Š j j ŶŰj ˌǔŕɊ űāZjŸɷķj? _ĵŪŲ ŴjŲ AbŊjƛ‹b ĵŶŲ=b Mĵ

with the truth as a herald of glad tidings and as a warner, for you will not be askeda about the fellows of purgatory. 120 And never will the Jews or the Christians be pleased with yousg until you follow their creed. Say, “Surely, Allah’s guidance is the Guidance.” And should yousg follow their whims after the knowledge that has come to you, you would have against Allah neither ally nor supporter. Those to whom We have brought the Scripture 121 read it as it ought to be read; those ones believe in it. But whoever denies it—then thoseb are the losers. 122 O Children of Israel, remember My blessing with which I have blessed you and that I have favored you over all communities. 123 And bepl mindful of a dayc when no self avails any other self in anything, nor is any ransom accepted from it, nor does any intercession benefit it, nor are they b supported. 124 And recall when Abrahamd was tried by his Lord with certain words and he fulfilled them. He said, “I am appointing you as a leader for mankind.” He said, “And of my offspring?” He said, “My covenant does not include the unjustpl.” 125 And recall when We made the House a resort for mankind, and a sanctuary. And e take pl from Abraham’se standing place a place of prayer. And We covenanted with Abraham and Ishmael, “Cleanse My House for circumambulators and consecrators and those bowing down and prostrating themselves.” 126 And recall when Abraham said, “Lord! Make this a secure land and provide its people with products—whoever of them has attained faith in Allah and the Last Day.” He said, “And whoever denies—I will give him a little enjoyment, then compel him to the punishment of the Fire, and what a miserable destiny!” 127 And recall Abrahamd raising the foundations of the House together with Ishmael, “Our Lord, accept (it) from us; indeed, it is You, You (alone), who are the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing. 128 Our Lord, and make us both Muslim f to You, and from our offspring a Muslim community (submitting) to You.



Nafieʻ and Yaʻqub read it as: “. . . as a warner, so do not ask about the fellows of purgatory.”  b A grammatical shift from singular to plural. c Literally ‘protect yourselves against a day’. Qd Though pronounced in Arabic as Ibrahim, Hisham and Ibn Zekwan in one of his narrations read it as: “Abraham”. Qe Nafieʻ and Ibn ʻAmer read it as: “And they took from Abraham’s . . .” f The Arabic word used is Muslimayn, the dual form of Muslimeen which means those who willingly submit to God, regardless of which prophet they followed. Qa

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h h h û û Ģ h ? m ĵhŵʼnû ŹŠh bh h ŧɋmĵśŰj h j ûɀhķ Aŋh Źj k Śh `= Ůž ǻ jj ğ ɉƲ jšŠʅŎ˯ űh āZjŸŠɷh ķj? Ǔ j j ğ h û h i Ġ k h i hû Ġ h h j Š ɿh ûů‹bh B j K űāZjŸŠɷķj? ^ĵũ J˯ ; jIźłŏɉ‹ jşŬŋɉ‹b ǻjŧŭ h û h û û h q h eh h h Šh û h û ğ Ŵû Ųh D b ĵŶjŲA; AȒķ AŊɪ ŮšŁ‹ j Š ɷh ųh Ȍ‹ Ŵjh Ų ÿŷi ŰŸ= \Li K‹ i û ğ h h h hh ÿŷi ši j ļk Ųh įŦ ŋh ŧȱ ŴŲh bh ^ĵũ ˏŋjj Ň˖‹ _j źû hȎ‹bh jĬĭjķ űŹi Ŷjû Ų Ŵh ŲAh ;h q h i ŕj ųh û ɉ‹ ōh Ȼû Ʌbh Kĵğȍ‹ BAŊh Šh ǓŠ h ? ÿm iaŋĠ śh ŗû h= űğ Ȫi Ɔžj ͿǞ Űũ j j j ˌj û i û ĺžû hȊ‹û Ŵjh Ų ʼnjh ŠAźh Ūh ûů‹ űi āZjŸŠɷh ûķ? şi ȯh ŋû hŽ J˯ ĵŶh Ʌğ Kh Ůžšj Š ʅh Ŏ˯ j j h ğ mğ ûğhh û bh ĵŶh Ʌğ Kh ΀ űžj hĵŶŰû šh Ł‹ ğ ĺŵ h h= ū i ųj ŏɉ‹ i Űšh ûů‹ şž ŵj? ð ĵŶjŲ ŮĸŪȩ h q i m i h h ğ q h h ûh û i ĵŵjK=bh ūů Ĺųjh Űŏû ŲĠ ĹŲğ = ĵŶh j ȽɆğ jKk J ŴjŲbh ūɉ ǻ j ųj ŰŏɊ h h m h ğ hû h û ih hh hh h =ū i źğ ȋ‹ ğ ĺŵ i ńŋɉ‹ ğ BA ĵŶh Ʌğ Kh ΁ űžj ŵj? ð ĵŶžŰŠ ĶĻb ĵŶŭjŎĵŶŲ q l k h i û h h h űi Źi ųji Űšh Ɇi bh ūjļŠɔA;h űû Źj žû ŰŠ AźŰļû Ȭh űû Źi Ŷjû Ųk ƅźŎi Kh űû Źj žjȯ Ľšh Ȩ‹û bh h ğ û k h i h h h û û h h Šh û h h= ū i ŭơ‹ i Ōšh ûů‹ ĺŵ h û ŌɆ űžj ŵj? ðűŹj žj ȡŌɆb Ĺųŭj ơ‹b Ķɮjŭů‹ j ğ ğ ûh h i h ûh hh ÿô ŷi ŏh ŧȫ ŷh jŧŎh ŴŲh ƅj? űh āZjŸŠɷh ûķj? jĹŰjŲk ŴŠ Ķ ţŋŽ ŴŲb ΂ h ûĠ ğ h û hh ʼnj Ūůbh Ŵh ųj ɉ j Cŋjh Ň˖‹ Ǎj ÿŷi ŵ˯ ðĵžh ȫȐ‹ Ǎj ŷi Šɰh žû ŧśh Ŕ‹ ğ h Ņjۊɻů‹ k ŋjh ɉ ĺ i ųû hŰŎû h= ^ĵh hũ ðűjû ŰŎû h= ÿm ŷi ɅĠ Kh ÿȔi h ^ĵh hũ Jû ? ΃ ǻ B j j j ğ ğ hŠh i i û h h h h hû h i hû m h Š ğ h h `j? ƴ j ĸɔ BźŪšɆb jŷžjȿķ űāZjŸŠɷķj? ĵŹjķ ǁbb ΄ ǻųj ۊɿů‹ h i ih hh h k i i h Šh h û hğ i h=bh ƅğ ? Ŵğ ȩź `źųji Űŏû ŲĠ űļŵ ųȩ ƆŦ ŴŽjȐ‹ űȲů ǏśŔ‹ Ĭ‹ j û h iûh h h h û hmh h i ûi i ûh h h û ^ĵũ Jj? Di źû ųh ɉ‹ Bź ŪšȬ Ǵń Jj? ;AʼnŹő űļŶŬ _= ΅ h h h h l i h h h ŷh Š ɧ˯ ūŹh Š ɧj? ʼni ĸi šû ȫ Aźɉĵũ ˌdʼnj šû Ȩh Ŵü Ųj `bʼni ĸi šû ȩ ĵŲh jŷžjȿh jȊ h h Šh û h Šh û h m h h ûh q h Ŏ˯ û Ůž Ŵi Ɨbh AʼnjńŠ ɩh ĵŹq Š ɧj? Ũh Šɳ jšʅŎ˯ űāZjŸɷķj? ūjɋĵķA; i h h û û ĸh ŏh Ŭh ĵŲh ĵŹh h ɉ ĺ û h h ûh x ğ h û ĺ ð ŰŇ ʼnũ ĹŲ= ūŰj Ļ Ά `źųji ŰŏɊi ÿȔi l i h h h i i h h h i i h · `źŰųh šû Ȭh Aźŵǽ ĵųğ ȭ `źŰnZh ŏû ȶ ƅbh ðűû ļi ûȼŏh Ŭ ĵŲğ űȲůbh hğ û ûi l h Š hŠ h h ûh e i l i i l i hh űh āZjŸŠɷh ûķj? ĹŰjɊ Ůhķ Ůũ Abñ ʼni ļh Źû ȩ c ŋɻŵ b= AIźŸ AźŵźŬ Aźɉĵũb l i i mhh ğ h ȡǬû ųi û ɉ‹ Ŵjh Ų `h ǽh ĵŲh bh ðĵŧžjq Ŷńh ĵŲb jĬĭjķ ĵŶğ ŲAh ;h Aźm ɉźũ Έ ǻj j

And show us our rites, and grant us repentance and accept it from us; indeed, it is You, You (alone) who are the Superb Granter and Accepter of repentance, the Bestower of mercy. 129 Our Lord, and send forth among them a messenger from themselves to read to them Your signsa and teach them the Scripture and the wisdom and purify them. Indeed, it is you, You (alone), who are the Almighty, the All-Wise.” 130 And who would forsake the creed of Abrahamb except he who fools himself? And We have indeed chosen him in the Earlier (Life), and in the Hereafter he is most surely one of the righteous. 131 Recall when his Lord said to him, “Submit!” He said, “I have submitted to the Lord of all realms.” 132 And with this Abraham b frequently enjoined c his children, and (so did) Jacob, “O my children, Allah has indeed chosen the religion for you, so do not die except as Muslimsd.” 133 Or were you witnesses when death approached Jacob, and he said to his children, “What will you worship after me?” They said, “We will worship your God and the God of your fathers, Abrahamb, Ishmael and Isaac: One God, and to Him we are Muslimsd.” 134 That is a nation that has passed. For them is what they have earned, and for you is what youpl have earned, and you will not be questioned about what they used to do. 135 And they said, “Be Jews or Christians and you will be guided.” Saysg, “Rather, the creed of Abraham who turned away from all that is false, for never was he of the polytheists.” 136 Saypl, “We have attained faith in Allah and in what was sent down to us, and in what was sent down to Abrahamb and Ishmael and Isaac and Jacob and the Grandsons, and in what was brought to Moses and Jesus, and in what was brought to the prophets by their Lord. We make no distinction between any of them, for to Him we are Muslims.” 137 So if they believe in the same as youpl have believed in, then they have been guided. But if they turn away, then they are in discord. And Allah will protect you against them, for He is the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing. 138 (It is) Allah’s hue. And who gives a better hue than Allah? “And of Him we are worshipers.” 139 Saysg, “Do you





The Arabic word used is ayat (singular ayah). Ayah means ‘sign’ or ‘proof’. It is also used to denote the unit of text in the Qur’an, like ‘verse’ in poetry or ‘sentence’ in prose. Each such unit is considered a ‘sign’ from God. Qb Though pronounced in Arabic as Ibrahim, Hisham and Ibn Zekwan in one of his narrations read it as: “Abraham”. Qc Nafieʻ, Ibn ʻAmer and Abu Jaʻfar read it as: “And with this Abraham enjoined . . .” d The Arabic word used is Muslimoon which means those who willingly submit to God, regardless of which prophet they followed. a

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h Šh û h Ŏ˯ û Ģ h ? ^h Ōŵi= m ĵŲh bh ĵŶh ûȎh ? ^h Ōŵi= û Ůž Ũh Šɳ jšʅŎ˯ űh āZjŸŠɷh ķj? Ǔ j j j j h i mhh i mhh h h h i û h Ūi šû Ɇh bh h = ĵŲb Qĵ h = ĵŲb ƿɀj Š Ɋ Șb Š Šb ƽź j ĸh Ŏû Ɓ‹bh Bź Șb j j h hûh i hi h û kğ h ûh h Ȩ \ŋj k ŧȫ ƅ űŹj j ɅK ŴjŲ `źžĠ j ȼğȍ‹ ÿȔi Ŵi Ɨbh űû Źi Ŷjû Ųk ʼnp ńh = ǻ hh h i û i i ŲAh ;h m ĵŲh ŮĿû ųķ l AźŶi ŲAh ;h `û ıhŦ Ή `ź ųj ŰŏɊ ʼnj Ūȯ Ājŷjķ űļŶ j j jj û i ğ i h û h h h Ūjh ő Ǎ űû Ÿi ĵųh ȫğ ıhŦ l Aźû ůğ źh hĻ `˰ l Abð ʼnh ļh Ÿ‹ Ĭ‹ ô űi Źŭžŧj ŭžŏŦ ˌ\ĵ j j p h ğ ğ hh ğ źh Ÿi bh i ųj ŏɉ‹ i Űšh ûů‹ şž jĬ‹ Ŵjh Ų Ŵi ŏh ńû = Ŵû Ųh bh jĬ‹ ĹŤĸû Ŕ j Ί űžj h Ġ mhi h ûi h h h ûh qh ğ h hźŸi bh jĬ‹ Ǎj ĵŶȫźŁĵƕɁ Ůũ ΋ `bʼni j ĸŠɢ ÿȔi Ŵi Ɨbh ð ĹŤĸû Ŕ j hi i û h h û i i h û h û i h h h i h û h m h h h û i Ġ h h h Ġ h ÿȔ ŴƗb űȲۊʅŠ= űȲůb ĵŶۊʅŠ= ĵȍb űȲɅKb ĵŶɅK h Šh û h Šh û ğ h i i h û h ûi h h Ŏ˯ û Ůž Ũh Šɳ jšʅŎ˯ űāZjŸɷķj? `j? `źɉźŪȩ _= Ό `źŕji Űƥ h h ûh e i l i h h h ûhû h h iûhh i h=;h Ůû iũ c űû ļŵ ñ Š ŋh Š ɻŵ b= AIźŸ Aźŵǽ QĵĸŎƁ‹b BźŪšɆb h Š eCʼnh Š ʇh őh űh ļh Ŭh Ŵųjğ Ɋ űi hŰŝû h= Ŵû Ųh bh Ĭ‹ iğ h h û h Ŵjh Ų ÿiaʼnŶj ñ _j = űi ŰŠ= h i ûh h h iğ hh ğ û h h ûh x ği h û ĵŲb ñjĬ‹ ðĺŰŇ ʼnũ ĹŲ= ūŰj Ļ ΍ `źŰųh šȩ ĵųğ ȭ Ůg jŧŠʀjķ Ĭ‹ h h h h h h i i i h û h h ĵųğ ȭ `źŰnZh ŏû ȶ ƅbh ðűû ļi ûȼŏh Ŭ ĵŲğ űȲůbh ĺ ĸŏŬ ĵŲh ĵŹh ɉ l i h i ih h h i Ġ ^ź ğ Ŵjh Ų ;i m ĵŹh ŧh ŏɉ‹ j ȍ‹ ĵŲh Mĵ ŪžŎø Ύ `źŰųh šû Ȭh Aźŵǽ i û hû ğk i h ûh h l i h ğ i h û h û iŠ ğ h \Ǭ j ųɉ‹ jĬj Ůũ ô ĵŹžŰŠ Aźŵǽ Ʋj ů‹ űŹj j ļŰĸj ũ ŴŠ űŹƋůb h û Ġ h j ǓŠ h ? ;i m ĵŒh h ȹ ŴŲh djʼnŹû Ȭh Bi ŋŤû ųh û ɉ‹bh Ώ ˈž j ô j p jŪļŏŲ Qp Š ɷŔ hh hm h h i l i i hk q h h q ği û i hû h h h h h h ȇ ;AʼnŹő Aźŵźŭȋj ĵśŎb ĹŲ= űȲŠɰŰšŁ ūj ɉŠɶȡb û q h i hh i ğ h i hh j ğȍ‹ `źȲɆb Mĵ ĵŶh Űšh Łh ĵŲh bh ñ ˑʼnžŹj ő űû Ȳžû ŰŠ ^źŎi ŋɉ‹ ğ hh û h ğ i ğh h hh ûh ğ m hûh h h i ^źŎi ŋɉ‹ şjĸȽŽ ŴŲ űŰš jȍ ƅj? ĵŹžŰŠ ĺŶŬ Ʋj ů‹ ĹŰĸû jŪů‹ hh ğ eh h h û h h h h ğ û h h Š h h Ķji ŰŪŶ ȇ ƅj? CǞ Ž ŴųjɊ j ĸŭů ĺŵǽ `˯ jŷˏ žĸjŪŠ ȇ i h h h i iğ h h hh iğ h h h ȑ‹ğ h ğ `ğ ? űû Ȳ Ĭ‹ j Ȏj Ĭ‹ `ǽ ĵŲb ñĬ‹ cʼnŸ ŴŽj j ô ŶŠʅŽj? şžŘ x i hh h h ŰĠ Ūh ȩh c x ńKğ [b Š ŋh hŵ ʼnû hũ ΐ űžj j ğȍĭjķ ;ŋɉ Mĵ Ǎj ūŹj Łû bh Ķ k h h h h h qh h k hh m ğ ŋh śû ő ūŹh Łû bh ^j źh Ŧ ô ĵŹh Š Ƌŗŋû Ļ ĹŰĸjû ũ ūŶğ hȎj źh Ŷi ŰŦ ˌj;ĵųh ŏɉ‹

debate with us about Allah, when He is our Lord and your Lord, and when for us are our deeds and for you are your deeds, and to Him we are sincere?” Or do youa saypl that Abrahamb and Ishmael and 140 Isaac and Jacob and the Grandsonsc were Jews or Christians? Saysg, “Do you know better or Allah?” And who is more unjust than one who conceals a testimony he has from Allah? For Allah is not oblivious of what youpl do. 141 That is a community that has passed away. For them is what they have earned and for youpl is what you have earned, for you will not be questioned about what they used to do. 142 The fools among mankind will say, “What has turned them away from the direction of prayer that they used to follow?” Saysg, “To Allah belong the East and the West. He guides whom He wills to a straight path.” 143 And thus have We made you a middle community, that you may be witnesses over humanity and that the Messenger may be a witness over you. Thus We only assigned the direction of prayer, which you formerly followed, that We may distinguish the one who follows the Messenger from the one who turns on his heels. And it was indeed difficult, except for those whom Allah has guided. But never would Allah let your faithd go to waste; indeed, towards mankind, Allah has always been truly Compassionate, Bestowing of mercy. 144 We have surely seen the turning about of yoursg face towards the heaven. So We will turn you towards a direction that pleases you. So turn your face towards the Inviolable Mosque. And wherever youpl may be, turn your facese towards it. Indeed, those who were brought the Scripture know that it is the truth from their Lord. And Allah is not oblivious of what theyf do. 145 And indeed, even if yousg were to come with every sign to those whom the Scripture was brought to, they would not follow your direction of prayer, nor are you to follow their direction of prayer, nor do they follow the direction of prayer of one another. For if you were to follow their whims after the knowledge that has come to you, you would most surely be, in that case, one of the unjust. Those whom We have brought the Scripture 146





Nafieʻ, Abu Jaʻfar, Ibn Kathir, Abu ʻAmr, Shuʻba and Rouh read it as: “Or do they say . . .” Though pronounced in Arabic as Ibrahim, Hisham and Ibn Zekwan in one of his narrations read it as: “Abraham”. c The sons of Jacob. d It means ‘your prayers performed towards the former direction’. e A grammatical shift from singular to plural. Qf Ibn ʻAmer, Hamza, Al-Kesa’i, Abu Jaʻfar and Rouh read it as: “. . . of what youpl do.” Qa

Qb

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l Ġ h i i h i û h h h hû i h û hû űû ȲŸźŁi bi Aźůźh Ŧ űû ļŶ Ŭ ĵŲ Ľžńb ˏ_Aj ŋơ‹ ʼnj ł j ŏųɉ‹ h h ihû h h h û l i i ğ h h ȑ‹ğ `˯ h û ŷi ğŵɁ `ź ŴjŲ ŨĠ ơ‹ ųŰšhȎ ĶŠɮjŭů‹ AźĻb= ŴŽj ÿñ iaŋh śû ő h ihûh ğ h h iğ hh û kğ h žû ȩh Ɂh Ŵû Ɍhůbh Α `ź h ȑ‹ğ ĺ ŴŽj ŰųšȬ ĵųȭ Ůg jŧŠʀjķ Ĭ‹ ĵŲb ñűŹj j ɅK j h h hhû l i h ğ h h k i h = m ĵŲh bh ū h Šɮjh ŭûů‹ l AźiĻbi= ĺŵ ļ Ű ĸj ũ Aź š ĸ Ļ ĵ Ų Ĺ ŽA ; Ů Ȳ ķ Ķ p ô j j j hh h h ûh h h û i i û h hh û ihhû Ŵj j Ɍůb Ŗ ˏ p šȨ ĹŰĸj ũ şp j ķĵļjķ űŹŘšȨ ĵŲb űô ŹļŰĸj ũ şp j ķĵļjķ m q h ğ û û i m ûh h ûhğ AJj? ūŵj? űj Űšj ů‹ Ŵjh Ų ]h ;h ĵŁh ĵŲh ʼnj šû Ȩh Ŵü Ųj k űŸ;h Aźh Ÿ= ĺ šĸȩ‹ ğ h ğ h i h ųjۊɾů‹ h Š ɮjh ŭûů‹ űi Źi Šɰh žû ȩAh ;h ŴŽj h ȑ‹ğ Β ǻ ÿŷi ŵźŦjŋšû Ȭh Ķ Ŵųj ɉ j h û h h û m h ğ h i h ii h û iûk q i h `ź Ũğ ơ‹ ųļŭȎ űŹŶjŲ ĵŪɆŋj Ŧ `˯ ðűû Ÿ;h ĵŶh Ȩû Ɂ `źŦŋj šû Ȭh ĵųh Ŭ h i h hh h h ihûh û ih h û Γ `ź Ŵjh Ų Ŵğ ȫźȲĻ ƆŦ ūjɅk Kğ ŴjŲ ŨĠ ơ‹ ųŰšȬ űŸb û k l k i h i h û h h i i fh û hûh h Ǜh ųû ųi û ɉ‹ D ů b Δ ŴɆ ˏ j Š ɷžƢ‹ AźŪjĸȽŎĭŦ ðĵŹȎj źh Ɋ źh Ÿ ĹŹŁjb Ȃj j ûp h l i i h h û h k i Šh h h ğ ğ e h i ğ i i ȁ j įŽ AźŵźȲĻ ĵŲ Ŵh ȬɁ j ȇ Ĭ‹ `j? ô ĵšžjƦ Ĭ‹ űȲjķ D k h h û h h i ûh û h h h x ʼnhũ p;ƾ û h ŋh śû ő ūŹh Łû bh ^j źh Ŧ ĺ ŁŋŇ Ľžń ŴjŲb Ε ŋŽj û h iğ hh h kğ h Űû h ɉ ÿŷi ğŵ˯ _Aj ŋh ơ‹ û hû Ůg jŧŠʀjķ Ĭ‹ ĵŲb ñ ūjɅK ŴjŲ ŨĠ Ņ ˌ h ʼnj ł j ŏųɉ‹ k h h û h h i ûh û h h h h i h h ŋh śû ő ūŹh Łû bh ^j źh Ŧ ĺ ŁŋŇ Ľžń ŴjŲb Ζ `źŰųh šû ȩ ĵųğ ȭ l Ġ h i i h i û h h h hû i h û hû űû ȲŸźŁi bi Aźůźh Ŧ űû ļŶ Ŭ ĵŲ Ľžńb ˏ_Aj ŋơ‹ ʼnj ł j ŏųɉ‹ i ûh h j ğ h i h ğh ih û h h ȑ‹ğ ƅğ ? Ĺf łğ ńi űû Ȳ ŴŽj žŰŠ MĵŶŰj ɉ `źȲŽ Ɔ jȏ ÿaŋśő j i l h h h û i h ûh hh Ʋj ųh šjû ŵ űjğ ĻƁj bh Țj źû ŒŇ‹bh űû Ÿźû Œƛ ƆŦ űû Źi Ŷjû Ų Aźųi Űŝ û h m h h h i ğ h i i hh űû Ȳžjȯ ĵŶh ŰŎh Kû = ĵųh Ŭ Η `bʼni ļh Źû ȩ űû ȲŰšh ůbh űû Ȳžû ŰŠ q h i k i h h l i i űû Ȳžj ȡŌh Ɇi bh ĵŶh j ļŠɔA;h űû Ȳžû ŰŠ AźŰļû Ȭh űû ȲŶjŲk ƅźŎi Kh h h û û i k i ikhih h Šɮjh ŭûů‹ űi Ȳ űû ɉ ĵŲğ űȲųji Űšh Ɇi bh Ĺųh ŭj ơ‹bh Ķ ųj ŰšɆb h l i û h ihûh l i i h i i û m ii û h Ǔj Abŋi ŭő‹bh űû ȱŋû ŬJ= Țb j ŋŬJĭŦ Θ `źųŰšȩ AźŵźȲĻ ğ hĠh h û ŕɉĭ ğ ķ l AźŶž i šļh Ŏ‹ û l AźŶi ŲAh ;h ŴŽj h iiû h hh Ģ Ι `b ǚ ȑ‹ ĵŹȬɂʑ j j ŋŧȲĻ ƅb j j l i ih h i û ğ h h hğ ğ Šh ğ h h ǚŠɻů‹ Ůļh ŪȬi Ŵųjh ɉ AźɉźŪȩ ƅbh Κ ŴɆ şŲ Ĭ‹ `j? ˏj CźŰŕɉ‹b jj

recognize him a as they recognize their own children. But indeed a group of them do conceal the truth while they know. 147 The truth is from yoursg Lord, so never be of the skeptics. 148 Thus for each is a direction towards which he turnsb, so racepl towards good works. Wherever you may be, Allah will bring you all together. Allah is indeed Powerful over everything. 149 And from wherever yousg set out, turn your face towards the Inviolable Mosque, for this is indeed the truth from your Lord. And Allah is not oblivious of what youc dopl. 150 And from wherever yousg set out, turn your face towards the Inviolable Mosque. And wherever youpl may be, turn your faces towards it so that people may not have any argument against you—except those of them who have been unjust. So do not fear them, but fear Me—and so that I may perfect My blessing upon youpl, and that you may be guided. 151 Just as We sent among you a messenger from yourselves, reading Our signsd to you, and purifying you, and teaching you the Scripture and wisdom, and teaching you what you did not know. 152 So remember Me (and) I will remember youpl. And thank Me, and do not deny Me. 153 O you who have attained faith, seek help through patience and prayers. Indeed, Allah is with the patient ones. 154 And do not saypl of anyone who is killed in the way of Allah, “(They are) deade.” Rather, (they are) alive, but you are unaware. 155 And We will certainly test youpl with some fear and hunger and shortage of wealths and lives and products. Thus givesg glad tidings to the patient ones: 156 those who, when a calamity afflicts them, say, “To Allah we belong, and indeed to Him we are returning.” 157 Upon those are pardons and mercy from their Lord, and those are the rightly guided. 158 Indeed, Al-Safa and AlMarwa are among the rites of Allah, so whoever performs Pilgrimagef to the House or performs Minor Pilgrimageg, then no sin is committed by him if he circumambulates them. And whoever volunteers a good act—then Allah is indeed Thankful, All-Knowing. 159 Indeed, those who



A grammatical shift from 2 person to 3 person. Ibn ʻAmer read it as: “. . . towards which he is turned.” Qc Abu ʻAmr read it as: “. . . of what they do.” d The Arabic word used is ayat (singular ayah). Ayah means ‘sign’ or ‘proof’. It is also used to denote the unit of text in the Qur’an, like ‘verse’ in poetry or ‘sentence’ in prose. Each such unit is considered a ‘sign’ from God. e A grammatical shift from singular to plural. f Hajj. g Umrah. a

nd

rd

Qb

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conceal what We have sent down of evident proofs and guidance after We had made it evident for mankind in the Scripture—those—Allah curses them and the cursers curse them, 160 except those who have repented and reformed and made (the truth) evident. For those—I grant them repentance and accept it from them, for I am the Superb Granter and Accepter of repentance, the Bestower of mercy. Indeed, those who have denied and have died as 161 deniers—those—upon them is the curse of Allah and of the angels and of all mankind, 162 abiding therein; never is the punishment lightened for them, nor are they given respite. 163 For your pl God is One God. There is no God but He, the AllMerciful, the Bestower of mercy. 164 Indeed, in the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the alternation of the night and the day, and the ships that sail the sea with what benefits mankind, and the water that Allah sent down from the sky— with which He revived the earth after it had died and scattered in it all kinds of treading creatures, and the shifting of the windsa, and the clouds disposed between the sky and the earth are surely signs for people who reason. 165 Yet of mankind is one who takes (others) apart from Allah as rivals to Him. Theyb love them with a love like that due to Allah, yet those who have attained faith are stronger in love for Allah. And if only those who have done injustice could seec, when they seed the punishment, thate all power belongs to Allah and that Allah is severe in punishment. 166 Recall when those who were followed disownedf those who had followed (them), and they saw the punishment and ties between them were severed. 167 And those who followed said, “If only we could have another chance so we could disown them as they disowned us.” Thus Allah showsg them their deeds as regrets to them, and never will they come out of the Fire. 168 O mankind, eat of what is lawful and good on earth, and do not follow the footsteps of Satan; indeed, he is to you an evident enemy. 169 He only commands

û h j iû h h û Ŵjh Ųk ; Ŵjh Ųk œp Ūȫbh Sź Ơ‹b [j źû Ƣ‹ p k h h Šh h ğ h i h û h Šh ûh û ğ h ȑ‹ğ Μ ŴɆ h ǚŠɻů‹ ŴŽj Ǭ ȵ b D ɷ ų Ȍ‹ b ō ŧŵ Ɓ‹b ^j ʆŲƁ‹ j j j ˍ jj j h mğ h ğ ğ l i h x h Ġ i ûhŠ h h mh Šj ɚh jŷûȎj? ĵȫ˯ Ν `źši Ł ŕj Ų űŹļĸɞ= AJj? jĬj ĵŵj? Aźm ɉĵũ Ĺĸž i x h û h h û k ğ k x Šh h h û ûh h h Ģh l i i h h űi Ÿ ūjɌʤĢ bl =bh ð ĹƧ Kb űŹj j ɅK ŴjŲ DʆŰŔ űŹj žŰŠ ūjɌʤb= û m h h ğ h h û h ğ ğ Ŵû ųh ȯ ðjĬ‹ ŋj j ɋĵšh ő ŴjŲ Cbh ŋû ųh ɉ‹bh ĵŧŕɉ‹ `j?ø Ξ `bʼni ļh Źû ųi ɉ‹ û h h ûhû ğ h h Ŷh Łi Ɔh hŦ ŋh ųh ļh ȭ‹ hô ĵųŹķ [h źğ śğ Ȭh `h= jŷžû hŰŠh Gĵ jj jb= ĺžȊ‹ ŀń ğ h h ğ hh hh h ğ ‹ `ğ ıŦ ˊǞ q û Ňh S h ȑ‹ `ğ ? Ο űžj f ŰŠh ŋjf Ŭĵőh Ĭ ŴŽj źśȩ ŴŲb j j h û û û m h iiû h h h = ĵŲh `ź Š ʼnh Źi ɉ‹bh ĺ ų ļȲ Ž ĵŲh ʼnj šû Ȩh Ŵü Ųj c j Šɰjžk hȊ‹ Ŵjh Ų ĵhȍŌŵ i û û û h h Ģ l h ğ i ğ űi Źi Ŷi šh ŰhŽ ū j ŶŰjğ ɉ ŷi Šɰžğ Ȩh űi Źi Ŷi šh ŰɆh bh Ĭ‹ j Ɍʤb= Ķ j Šɮjŭů‹ Ǎj Mĵ l i h û hh l i h h ğ ğ ğ h h h ih l ūjɌʤĢ bl įŦ AźŶi ɀğ Ʌh bh AźŅ ŰŔ=b AźķĵĻ ŴŽjȑ‹ ƅj? Π `źŶi jšŠʄů‹ l ihh h ğ ğ i źğ ȋ‹ i iĻɁh ğ ĵhŵɁh bh űû Źžû hŰŠh Bź i ńŋɉ‹ ğ BA Abŋŧȱ ŴŽjȑ‹ `j? Ρ űžj j h Ģh hû h ğ ihû h û ûh h h hli f ğ i û i h l i h h jĹŭjɌˁ ųɉ‹b jĬ‹ ĹŶšů űŹj žŰŠ ūjɌʤĢ b= KĵŧŬ űŸb AźĻĵŲb i ğhi h h h h û h j ğȍ‹bh h šƦ h Ȓj Š ɗh ΢ ǻ űi Źi Ŷû ȭ ťŧƞ ƅ ĵŹžj ȯ ŴŽj j = Mĵ h mğ x h i h h h i h i h hû ŷh Š ɧj? ƅ ðʼnjńŠɩh xŷŠɧj? űû ȲŹi Š ɧ˯ Σ `bŋi ŞŶiŽ űû Ÿ ƅbh BA Ŋšů‹ h h ğ ŨûŰŇh Ǎ `ğ ? Τ űžj i ńŋɉ‹ ğ Ŵi Š ʅh ńû ŋɉ‹ ğ źh Ÿi ƅğ ? D j Š ʆŠʅŏɉ‹ j j j j h û ğ û iû h û ûh ğ j Ɓ‹bh Ǎj dŋj Ə Ʋj ů‹ ū j Űŧů‹bh jKĵŹh ğȍ‹bh Ůj ûȎ‹ ťj Š ʄjļҋbh P˱ m ğ h iğ hh h m h h h ğ i h h h û hû ŴjŲ ;j ĵųh ŏɉ‹ ŴjŲ Ĭ‹ ^Ōŵ= ĵŲb Mĵȍ‹ şŧŶŽ ĵųjķ ŋj ŅȊ‹ ğ hh h ûh h ûh h hû h ki h ȯĽ h ńû hįhŦ p;mĵŲğ Ĺp ğķĵhķA;h `ǽ źû ɉbh = ô ĵŵ;h ĵhķA;h jŷžû ŰŠ ĵŶh žû ŧůɁ ĵŲh şi j ĸȽŵ h q h h i l i h h h ğ ihhh h Abŋŧȱ ŴŽjȑ‹ ŮĿŲb Ϋ `bʼni ļh Źû Ȭh ƅbh ĵnZžû ő `źŰjŪšû Ȭh ü űĠ Ŕi ;q m Aʼnjh ŵbh ;q m ȕh Ii ƅğ ? şi ųh ŏû h ȹ ƅh ĵųh ķ Ũi šŶû Ȭh djȑ‹ğ ŮĿh ųh Ŭh ô j j j j h û ih x û i f û i l ii l ih h h ğ h Ġh h i h û h Ģ ά `źŰjŪšȬ ƅ űŹȯ ǖȭ űȲķ Aźǿ AźŶŲA; ŴŽjȑ‹ ĵŹȬɂʑ i û h û i Šh ûh h h Šh k h i Ŭi `? jĬğ j l Abŋi ŭ aĵi ğŽj? űû ļŶ ő‹b űȲɰũLK ĵŲ ĺ j ɭjžŚ ŴjŲ j h h h i ûh h h ğ h h ğ ğ bh Ĺh ļh žû ųh û ɉ‹ űi Ȳ û bh _h Ȑ‹ űh ơ žŰŠ _ŋń ĵųȫj? έ `bʼni ĸi šû ȩ û ğ i mhh h ğ ûh û h û Ȯh ŋğ śi ŗ‹ pTĵhķ Ǟ Ŵj ųh ȯ ðjĬ‹ Ǟ Ťj ů Āj ŷ ķ Ůj Ÿ = ĵ Ų b ŋɆ ǣj Ƣ‹ j j j j ğ m h h h û h ğ ğ i ğ h h ‹ `? jŷžû ŰŠ űh Ȫ? ƆŦ Iȕh ƅh bh h ȑ‹ `? ή űžj f ńKğ xKźŧȮ Ĭ ŴŽj p j j ˏ j h h h ih û h h Šh û h iğ h h m h h i i û h ĵŶq ųh Ȫ Ājŷjķ `bǛ Œȹb Ķ j ɮjŭů‹ ŴjŲ Ĭ‹ ^Ōŵ= ĵŲ `źųļȲŽ h h ğ ğ û h i i û h h i e h ƅbh Kĵ ȍ‹ ƅj? űŹj j ŵźśi Ȩi Ǎj `źŰȱįhŽ ĵŲh ūjɌʤĢ bl = Ɔžj Űũ h f h h û ih h û k i hh h h û h ûh iğ i i k h i űf Ȏj = BA ŊŠ űŹɉb űŹj žj ȡŌh Ž ƅb jĹųŠɱjŪů‹ _źŽ Ĭ‹ űi Źųj ŰȲŽ ğ li hh û h ğ h Ģhli h Ŋh šh ûů‹bh c Š ʼnh Źi û ɉĭjķ Ĺh hۊʄh Řɉ‹ BA AbǛő‹ ŴŽjȑ‹ ūjɌʤb= ί h hh i hh û h mh h h û hû h h h ğ ğ h Šh `įjķ ūj ɉə ΰ jKĵğȍ‹ ȇ űû Ÿǚ Ŕ= ĵųȯ ˏj Cŋŧj Ťųɉĭjķ ^Ōğ ŵ Ĭ‹ l ihhû h ğ ğ h h û k hû h h û Ǐj ů Ķ j Šɮjŭů‹ Ǎj AźŧŰļҋ ŴŽjȑ‹ `˯ ˍŨj ơĭjķ ĶŠɮjŭů‹

youpl to evil and obscenity, and to say about Allah what you do not know. 170 And when it is said to them, “Follow what Allah has sent down,” they say, “Rather, we follow what we found our forefathers following. What if their forefathers used not to reason anything nor to seek guidance? 171 The parable of those who have denied is that of onea who hollers out to things that hear nothing but mere calls and cries. Deaf, dumb, (and) blind, so they do not reason. 172 O you who have attained faith, eat of the good things We have provided you, and give thanks to Allahb if it is He that you worship. 173 He has only forbidden youpl carrion and blood and the flesh of swine and what was dedicated to other than Allah. But if anyone is compelled without seeking (it) or exceeding (the limits), he commits no sin. Indeed, Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Bestowing of mercy. 174 Indeed, those who conceal what Allah has sent down of the Scripture and purchase, in exchange for it, a small price—those devour nothing into their bellies but fire. And Allah does not speak to them on the Day of Resurrection, nor does He purify them, for for them is a painful punishment. Those are the ones who have purchased utter 175 misguidance in exchange for guidance, and punishment in exchange for forgiveness. So how patient are they in the face of the Fire! 176 That is because Allah has bestowed the Scripture from on high with the truth. And most surely, those who differed over the Scripture are in profound discord. Virtue is not (attained) by turning your pl faces 177 towards the East and the West. Rather, virtue is )exemplified( in one who has attained faith in Allah and the Last Day and the angels and the Scripture and the prophets, and has brought money—despite his love of it—to relatives and orphans and the destitutepl and the traveler in need and the askers and for (the freeing of) slavesc, and has established the prayer and broughtd the purifying charitye; and (it is exemplified( in thosef who fulfill their covenant when they have covenanted, and those who are patient in (the face of) misery and adversity and at the time of





A shepherd. b A grammatical shift from 1st person to 3rd person. c Literally ‘necks’. d The Qur’an always uses verb ‘to bring’ rather than verb ‘to give’ in association with charity; this should be pondered by the reader. e The Arabic word used is zakāt, which denotes purification and growth. f A grammatical shift from singular to plural. a

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l Ġ i h ğ û h ûğ h i h h h Ůĸjh ũ űû ȲŸźŁi bi Aźůźh Ļ `= ǚ j ů‹ ōɀůø α ʼnp žjšķ \ģ ĵŪjő û hû h û hû ğ h h h û h ğ û ğ Šh h h û bh jĬĭ _j źû Ȏ‹ j ɧb B j ķ ŴŲA; ŴŲ ǚj ů‹ ŴȲ j ŋj Ťųɉ‹b \j Ǭ j ųɉ‹ h hh h k ğ h h û h h Ģh hû h Š h h ^h ĵųh û ɉ‹ ƫA ȇ ;b ŴāZjžjȼȍ‹b Ķ ųɉ‹b ŋjj Ň˖‹ j Š ɮjŭů‹b jĹŭjɌˁ û ğ h û h h Š h h û h Š h Šɮh hȎ‹û bh ȗ Š h ŋû Ūi ů‹ djbJh Ājŷjĸk ńi Ůž j j ȼŏɉ‹ ŴȨ‹b ǻjŭɹųɉ‹b ǖ h hk h h ğ h h ğ h hhh h h m ğ h CźŠ ŬŌɉ‹ ƫA;h bh CźŠ Űŕɉ‹ _ĵũ=b Bĵ j ũŋɉ‹ j ȝj b ǻj Űjɋĵŏɉ‹b m û û ğ h lð i hŠh h û û h h i iû h h ǚŠɻů‹ ;j ĵŎh įhȊ‹ Ǎj ŴɆ b AbʼnŹɢ AJj? űjŸʼnj Źšjķ `źŦźųɉ‹b jj i h Ģh l h lði h h h ğ h Ģh l i ûhû h h j m ğ ğ h ūjɌʤb=b AźũʼnŔ ŴŽjȑ‹ ūjɌʤb= M ˍ j įȊ‹ ǻjńb ;AǴɉ‹b h i û i i ûh h h i l ih h h ğ h ĠhĢh iűȲ žŰŠ ĶjļŬ AźŶŲA; ŴŽjȑ‹ ĵŹȬɂʑ β `źŪļğ ųi ɉ‹ űi Ÿ iû û û i ŕh Ūûů‹ i û ķ ŋĠ ơ‹ i û ˌ ǔh ļû Ūh ûů‹ Ǎj Oĵ Š h Ɓ‹bh ʼnj ĸû šh ůĭjķ ʼni ĸû šh ů‹bh ŋj k ơĭ Ƴŵ j j h i û h û h i k h û û h j Ši Ŵû ųh ȯh ˏ Ƴŵ Š h Ɓĭjķ jŷžjŇ= Ŵjû Ų ÿȔi Ǐ [b j ŋi šųh ɉĭj ķ ü Sĵĸjh ȩĭŦ x;ƾ h x h û h h û i k ğ k x û h h Šh Š h û ûh fmh h ñ ĹƧ Kb űȲjɅK ŴjŲ ťžjŧƛ ūj ɉə Ŵ ˍ p ɹńjıjȨ jŷȎj? ;AI=b h f h h ihh h h h ûh hhû i h Š ʼnļȭ‹ Ŵųh ȯh Ǎj űû Ȳůbh γ űx Ȏj = BA ŊŠ ÿŷŰŦ ūj ɉŠə ʼnšȨ c j i h x hh û h i ğh û i ğ h h Šh ûh û h l Š žń Oĵ Ģ j δ `źŪļȩ űȲŰšů Ķ ů Ɓ‹ ɭ ʑ C ź ŕ Ū ů‹ Ƞ b į j j j h û i û h i i h h h h h h û i ûh h h i e û Ňh ]h ŋh hĻ `? D AǞ j źųɉ‹ űȱʼnń= Ǵń AJj? űȲžŰŠ ĶjļŬ hh ĝ h û h û h û h û h û h h û i ğ źh û ɉ‹ h Ūļğ ųi û ɉ‹ ȇ ĵŪń [b ǻ j j ˌ j ŋi šųɉĭjķ ǻjɅŋh ũƁ‹b Ŵj ŽȐj Š ʆŰj ɉ ĹžŔ ğ h h ȑ‹ ȇh ÿŷi ųi Ȫû ? m ĵųh ȫğ ıhŦ ÿŷi šh ųj Ŏh ĵŲh ʼnh šû Ȩh ÿȔi h ʼnğ hķ Ŵü ųh ȯh ε ŴŽj j j h h h Ġ h ğ `ğ ? ÿm ô ŷi hŵźiɉjʼnk ĸh Ȭi x ŰŠh şž f ųj Ŏh Ĭ‹ Oź p Ų ŴjŲ [ĵŇ Ŵû ųh ȯ ζ űžj j h m h h h h û h h ğ i ğ h h `? jŷžû ŰŠ űh Ȫ? ƆŦ űû Źi Ŷh ûɀhķ Ńh ŰŔû įŦ ĵųq ûľ? bû h= ĵŧe Ŷh Łh x ŧȮ Ĭ‹ Kź j ˏ j j h ğ l i h h i h h k i žh ŕɉ‹ i h h ȑ‹ ĵŹh ȬĠ ɂʑ x ńKğ Ģ η űžj _ĵ j ļŬ AźŶŲA;h ŴŽj j űi Ȳžû ŰŠ Ķ hh h i h h h h i h i ğ h i h ȑ‹ğ ȇ θ `źŪļğ ȩ űû ȲŰšh ů űû Ȳj Űĸû Ȱ ŴjŲ ŴŽj ĶjļŬ ĵųŬ h h Šh i û ğ q ğ h h Šh h û e ğ i h h ŋp ŧŎh ȇ b= ĵŘɆŋj Ų űȲŶjŲ `ǽ Ŵųh ȯ D ˏ p ɘbʼnšŲ ĵŲĵŽɁ h i i i h ğ hh h h h x h i šh Śh xĹhŽʼnjû Ŧ ÿŷi hŵźŪž _ĵ śj Ž ŴŽjȑ‹ ȇb ô ŋŇ= ˉg ĵğŽɁ Ŵjû Ųk Cʼnğ šj Ŧ l i i h hh iğ x û h h i h qû h h ğ h h h h û AźɊźŕĻ `=b ÿô Ȕ ǞŇ źŹȯ ˊǞŇ Sźśȩ Ŵųȯ ˌǻj p ŭŏjɊ

battle. Those are the ones who were truthful, and it is those who are the mindful (of God). 178 O you who have attained faith, fair retribution for the murderedpl has been prescribed upon you: the free for the free, and the bondman for the bondman, and the female for the female. Yet whoever is somewhat pardoned by his brother (in faith), then this shall be adhered to in accordance with what is fair, and the payment back to him should be in a good way. That is lightening from your Lord and mercy. But whoever transgresses after that—then for him is a painful punishment. 179 Thus there is life for you in fair retribution, O people of understanding, that you may be mindful (of God). 180 It has been prescribed upon you: when death comes to one of you, if he is leaving wealth, (to bequeath) a bequest in favor of the parents and close relatives in accordance with what is fair—a duty upon the mindfulpl (of God). 181 But whoever changes ita after he has heard it, then surely its sin is upon those who change it. Indeed, Allah is All-Hearing, All-Knowing. 182 Yet whoever fears unfairness or sin from a bequether, so he reconciles between them, then he commits no sin. Indeed, Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Bestowing of mercy. 183 O you who have attained faith, fasting has been prescribed upon you as it was prescribed upon those before you, that you may become mindful (of God). (This fasting is for) a limited number of days. But 184 should any one of you be sick or on a journey, then (he should fast) a period of other days. Yet for those who can fast with difficultyb, a compensation (is allowed instead) —food for a destitute personc. But whoever volunteers a good act, it is better for him. Yet to fast is better for youpl, if you only knew. 185 (It was) the month of Ramadan in which the Recitald was sent down as guidance for mankind, and as evident explanations of the guidance and the criterion. So whoever of you witnesses the month, then he shall fast it. But whoever is sick or on a journey, then (he must fast) a period of other days. Allah wants ease for you and does not want hardship for you, and that you should complete the period, and that you should glorify Allah for having guided you, and so that you may give thanks. 186 And when



The will. This sign was revealed at a time when fasting was not yet obligatory, then it was abrogated by sign 185. Qc Hisham read it as: “a compensation (is allowed instead)—food for destitute people.” Nafieʻ, Ibn Zekwan and Abu Jaʻfar read it as: “. . . a compensation of food for destitute persons (is allowed instead.)” d The Arabic word used is Qur’an which literally means ‘recital’ or ‘recitation’. a

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h h hh iû h h h h i i i ğ h m ȑ‹ğ `ĵ dj ŘɊK ŋŹő ι `źųi Űšû ȩ űû ļŶ Ŭ `j? űû Ȳů xǞû Ň h i i hû iû h žk Ʌh bh Mĵ ğ ků cʼnq Ÿi `A Š ʼnh Źi û ɉ‹ Ŵjh Ųk ĺ Š j ɰ c ŶŰj ; ŋ Ū ů‹ j ŷ žj ȯ ^ Ōŵ p j j = ûh h hû iû h ğ h h h i `ǽ ŴŲh bh ðŷi ųû ŕi žh ŰŦ ŋh Źû Œɉ‹ űi ȲŶjŲ ʼnh Źj ő Ŵųh ȯ `ĵ ˏ j ũŋŧů‹b h i x h h Šh h û h e h i iğ i i h h űi Ȳjķ Ĭ‹ ʼnɆŋj Ž ñ ŋŇ= ˉg ĵğŽɁ Ŵjû Ųk Cʼnğ jšŦ ŋp ŧŎh ȇ b= ĵŘɆŋj Ɋ l ikh i h h ğ û l i û i h h û iû i i i i hh h û iû Abǚj ŭ jȋb Cʼnšj ů‹ AźŰųj ŭ jȋb Ǫšů‹ űȲjķ ʼnɆŋj Ž ƅb Ǫɀů‹ h h i ûh i ğ h h i hğ Š h h Ĭ‹ AJ˯ κ `bŋi ŭŒȶ űû ȲŰšh ůbh űû ȲŠƊʼnh Ÿ ĵŲh ȇ h h hh h hh û h i i f h k h k h ğ h j AJj? SAȐ‹ CźŠI ĶžŁ j = ðĶɆjŋũ ƭj j ıŦ ƴj ȭ djIĵĸjŠ ūɉɂŎ l û û l i h û hûh h h ğ h h i λ `bʼni őŋû hŽ űû Źi Űšh ů ƪj AźŶji ŲİiȎbh Ǔj Aźĸž ł j ļŏɀŰŦ ˌ`j ȕI h h m i h ğ j h k h ûh û i h ğ i i x h jȊ Ŵğ Ÿi űû Ȳ h _ĵžŕɉ‹ Mĵ j ĹŰȎ űȲů Ůjń= ô j ɋĵŏj ȸ ǓŠ j ? ĽŦŋɉ‹ h h ğ i h i û i û i ğ iğ h h ğ i x h û i hh û i ğ `źŵĵļh ƛ űû ļŶ Ŭ űȲŵɁ Ĭ‹ űj ŰŠ ñŴŹɉ Mĵ jȊ űļŵ=b űȲů û h i h hh i hh h hh û i h i h Ŵh ˜ůĭŦ ðűû ȲŶŠ ĵŧȭbh űû Ȳžû ŰŠ Bĵ ļȯ űȲŏŧŵ= l i h û h l ii h û i h iğ h h h h l i hû h ğ i i h AźɅǨ‹b Aźȣb űô Ȳů Ĭ‹ ĶļŬ ĵŲ AźŤļȨ‹b ŴŸbǬj Š ɐ hû i h hğhhh Šğ h h û Ŵjh Ų Ŗi žh Ȩû hƁ‹û ři žû Ƣ‹ h û űi Ȳ jIźh Ŏû Ɓ‹ řj žû Ƣ‹ ů ǻĸȽŽ Ʋń h h h ğ l i i Šhi h û û hû h h k AźųjĠ Ļ= űğ Ȫi ŋł Ŵğ ŸbǬ j ɭĻ ƅb ˏŮj Ȏ‹ Ǔj? _ĵžh ŕɉ‹ j ˌj ŧů‹ ŴjŲ hh ğ i h i Šh û i hh h û h hû Š ƆŦ jĬ‹ Ibʼni ńi ūŰj Ļ ˍʼnj ł ɹ ų ɉ‹ Ǎ `ź ŧjŭɢ űļŵ=b j j ğ h h i h i ğ i k h i h Šh h h i h û h j ŶŰjğ ɉ ĀjŷjļŠɔA;h Ĭ‹ `źŪļğ Ȭh űû Źi Űšh ů Mĵ ǻj ȼŽ ūj ɉɶŬ ñĵŸźɅŋŪȩ û mh l iûih i i h h l i i ûh h ĵŹjķ AźɉʼnĻb Ůj śj Šɭh ůĭjķ űȲŶh ûɀhķ űȲůŠʆh Ųû = Aźm ŰȱįĻ ƅbh μ h h û û q h l i i û h j ğ iû ğȍ‹ ^Šʆh Ųû = Ŵjû Ųk ĵŪɆ j űj ľƃĭ ķ Mĵ ŋj Ŧ AźŰȱį jȋ _Ǿơ‹ Ǔj? j j j h h ih û h û i hh h h i nh û h h j Ůû iũ ˌjĹŰjğ ŸƁ‹û ŴŠh ū Ǘ ŵź Ű Z ŏ ȹø ν `ź ųŰšȩ űļŵ=b j û h û h h û l i h Ġ ûů‹ ōh ɀû hůbh ŀk ơ‹ i ȰŠʆh Ųh j ŶŰjğ ɉ ĺžj ŴjŲ Dźži iȊ‹ AźĻɂĻ `įjķ ǚ ñ j h b Mĵ j h h û l i û Š h ğ h ğ û ğ Šh h h i i ȩ‹ Ŵj Ų ǚj ů‹ ŴȲ ô ĵŹh j ķŠʆh ûķɁ Ŵjû Ų Dźži iȊ‹ AźĻɁbh ˍǐ j ɧb ĵŸjKźŹŝ l i h h h i ûi û i ğhh hğ l iğ h ğ h jĬ‹ Ůž j j ȼŎ Ǎj AźŰjļŠɥb ξ `źŅj Űŧȩ űȲŰšů Ĭ‹ AźŪȩ‹b i h h ğ ğ lm i h û h h h û i h i Šhi h ğ `j? Abô ʼnļšȩ ƅb űȲŵźŰjļʂŽ ŴŽjȑ‹ ĶjĠ Ƙ ƅ Ĭ‹

My servants ask yousg about Me—indeed, I am near; I respond to the call of the caller when he calls upon Me. So let them respond to Me and let them have faith in Me, that they may become prudent. 187 Permitted for youpl is intercourse with your women on the night of the fast; they are a garment for you and you are a garment for them. Allah has known that you used to betray yourselves, but He granted you repentance and accepted it from you and pardoned you. So approach them now and seek what Allah has prescribed for you, and eat and drink until the white thread becomes evident to you from the black thread at dawn, then complete the fast to the night. But do not approach them while you are consecrating yourselves in the mosques. These are the limits of Allah, so do not come near them. Allah thus clarifies His signs to mankind, that they may become mindful (of Him). 188 And do not devour your wealths among yourselves by false means, nor throw it (as bribes) to the judges in order to devour part a of other people’s wealth illicitly, while you know. 189 They ask you sg about the crescents. Say, “They are time-marks for mankind and for the Pilgrimageb.” And virtue is not (attained) by approaching houses from their backs; rather, virtue is )exemplified in( one who has been mindful (of God). So approach houses from their doorsc and be mindful of Allah, that youpl may succeed. 190 And combat in the way of Allah those who combat youpl, but do not start hostilities; indeed, Allah does not love the hostile ones. 191 And kill them wherever youpl encounter them, and evict them from where they have evicted you, for religious persecution is more severe than killing. But do not combatd them at the Inviolable Mosque unless they combat you about it. So if they combat youpl, then kill them. Such is the repayment of the deniers. 192 But if they cease, then Allah is indeed Oft-Forgiving, Bestowing of mercy. 193 And combat pl them until there is no more religious persecution and religion becomes for Allah. But if they cease, then let there be no hostility except against the unjust pl. 194 An inviolable month for an inviolable month, and





Literally ‘a group’. Hajj. c Before Islam, Arabs used to enter their houses through the backyards once they had donned their Hajj garments, thinking that entering through the door would invalidate their state of consecration for pilgrimage. Qd Hamza, Al-Kesa’i and Khalaf read it as: “But do not kill them at the Inviolable Mosque unless they kill you about it. So if they kill youpl, then kill them.” a

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û h i û h i i i i û h ʼnļh šû ųi û ɉ‹ Ŵjû Ųk űŸźŁi ŋj Ň=bh űû Ÿźųi ļi ŧjŪľ Ľžû ńh űû ŸźŰļi Ȱ‹bh ο ŴŽj i hû hh i û û h i i i hi h űû ŸźŰjļŠʂĻ ƅbh ˏŮj ļû Ūů‹ Ŵjh Ų ʼnĠ ő= ĹŶh ļû jŧů‹bh űô û ȡźŁi ŋh Ň= Ľžû ńh i i h h i i h ğ h h hû û hû h Š ń _Aj ŋơ‹ ʼnj ł űû ȡźŰļh Š ɥ `jıŦ ˌjŷžjȯ űû ȡźŰjļŠʂiŽ Ʋ j ŏųɉ‹ ʼnŶjŠ h û i m h h h Šh h û i i i û h h ğ h l h h ŋjŧŠʃ ů‹ ;AŌŁ ūj ɉɶŬ ñűŸźŰļȰĭŦ `jıŦ Aźû Źh ļŵ‹ `j j ıŦ π ŴɆ j x h û h i h h Š ğ h û i i Šh h hğ x ŧi Ȯh Ĭ‹ x ńKğ Kź ĹŶļj Ŧ `źȲĻ ƅ Ʋń űŸźŰjļɥb ρ űžj hh ğ h hh l h h ğ i k h i hh ȇ ƅj? `Šɩh ʼnû Ši ƆŦ Aźû Źh ļŵ‹ `j j ıŦ ðjĬj ŴŽj Ȑ‹ `źȲɆb ğ ğ h i h hû i û ğ i Š ɨh ŋi ơ‹ h û ŋŹû Œɉĭ i û bh _Aj ŋh ơ‹ ĺ j ķ _Aŋơ‹ ŋŹŒɉ‹ ς ǻųj j ۊɾů‹ j hh l û h i hh Š hhû h x h û ĵŲh Ůj Ŀųj j ķ jŷžû ŰŠ Abʼni ļh ȭĭŦ űû Ȳžû ŰŠ c ʼnļȭ‹ Ŵj ųh ȯ Oĵ ô ŕj ũ h l l h h iğ û h hğ i h Š hhû h ğ `ğ = Aźm ųi ŰŠ‹ ʼnļȭ‹ b Ĭ‹ AźŪȩ‹bh űô û Ȳžû ŰŠ c şh Ųh Ĭ‹ h h h l û l i i ğ i h Ūļğ ųi û ɉ‹ h Ǎ AźŪi jŧŵ=bh σ ǻ űû ȲŽjʼnûŽɂjķ AźŪŰĻ ƅbh jĬ‹ Ůž ȼ Ŏ j j j j h û l i h û ųi ɉ‹ ĶjĠ Ƙi Ĭ‹ h ȿ jŏŅ h ğ `ğ ? Aźm ô Ŷi jŏńû =bh jĹŭŰŹû ȋ‹ ğ Ǔh ? τ ǻ j j j h i û û l û ĵųh ȯh űû ȩi Dz û j ńû = `û ıhŦ jĬğ j hCŋh ųû ši ů‹bh ŀğ ơ‹ h h ûɀļh Ŏ‹ h AźųjĠ Ļ=bh Ŵjh Ų Ǫ j ô û hi ğ h i h i i l i ûh hh û hû Š ğ ńh űû Ȳ ÿô ŷi ŰjƤ di ʼnû Źh ɉ‹ ŢŰĸû Ȭh Ʋ Ŏb;K AźŪj Űƕ ƅb ˌdj ʼnŹɉ‹ û h h xhû h q h h h e i ĹŽʼnjŧŦ ĀjŷŎj =Kğ ŴjŲk cJ= mĀjŷj ķ bû = ĵŘɆŋj Ųğ űȲŶjŲ `ǽ Ŵųh ȯ h i h mh h h i i û h h h h û h h j ŴjŲk şh ļğ ųh ȩ Ŵųh ȯ űû ļŶj Ų= AJjıŦ ū ˏ p ŏȸ b= Ĺg ũʼnŔ b= ˉg ĵžŔ h û ğ h h û h û h h h û h û h h k hû h h û i û ʼnû ƒ ˏ j ʼnŹɉ‹ ŴjŲ ǪɀļŎ‹ ĵųȯ ŀj ơ‹ Ǔj? j Cŋųšůĭjķ j űů Ŵųȯ d h hhh i h h x h h h h û û i û h h h h û h h k hû CǬŠ ūŰj Ļ ñűļšŁK AJj? Ĺg šĸŎb ŀj ơ‹ Ǎj ˉp ĵğŽɁ jĹĿŠʄľ _ĵ žŕj Ŧ h û hû h iiû û i h ûğ h h h xh h ʼnj ł j ŏųɉ‹ dǰĵ j j ń ÿŷŰŸ= ŴȲŽ űů Ŵųj ɉ ūj ɉŠə ñ ĹŰjɊǽ h û i h h ğ ğ h l m i h û h h ğ l i ğ h j h hû υ Bĵ Ū j jšů‹ ʼnŽjʼnő Ĭ‹ `= AźųŰŠ‹b Ĭ‹ AźŪȩ‹b ˏ_Aŋơ‹ h x Š h i û ğ x i û h Ġ hû h h h h h h hû ğ ĽŦKh ƆŦ ŀğ ơ‹ ŴŹj žjȯ Pŋh Ŧ Ŵųh ȯ ĺ ô ɨźŰšŲ ŋŹő= ŀơ‹ hh h i i hh h h û h û l i h û h h h k hû Ǟ j ƅb \źŏŦ ƅb p Ň ŴjŲ AźŰšŧȩ ĵŲb ñŀj ơ‹ Ǎj ^AʼnŁ iğ h Š h ûğ h û Ňh `ğ ıhŦ l AbIi bğ Ōh hĻbh Ĭ iğ iûhûh ğ Ǟ `ź źŪȋ‹ jIAŌɉ‹ ñ ‹ ŷųŰšȬ j Ūȩ‹b ðc j i h l ihûh h f h i û i ûh h h ûh ûh û h l Ģ Š AźŤļȼĻ `= GĵŶŁ űȲžŰŠ ōɀů φ Ķ j ɭůƁ‹ Ƞj bįʑ

inviolable rites call for fair retribution. So whoever starts hostilities against youpl, be hostile to him in the same measure as he has been hostile to you. And be mindful of Allah, and know that Allah is with the mindfulpl (of Him). 195 And spend in the way of Allah and do not cast your pl own hands into annihilation, and excel in doing good. Indeed, Allah loves those who excel in doing good. 196 And complete the Pilgrimagea and the Minor Pilgrimageb for Allah. But if you pl are detained, then (offer) whatever is feasible of offerings. And do not shave your heads until the offering has reached its destination. But whoever of you is sick or has some affliction of his head, then the due redemption is fasting or a donation or a sacrifice. Then when you are secure: whoever enjoys a break between the Minor Pilgrimage and the Pilgrimage, then (he must offer( whatever is feasible of offering. But whoever cannot find the means, then fasting for three days during the Pilgrimage, and seven when youpl havec returned; that is ten in total. That is for the one whose family is not present at the Inviolable Mosqued. And bepl mindful of Allah, and know that Allah is stern in retribution. 197 Pilgrimage is during specific months. So whoever decides to perform Pilgrimage, then there shall never be intercourse nor ungodliness nor disputation e during the Pilgrimage. And whatever good youpl do, Allah knows it. And take provisions, but the best provision is indeed mindfulness (of God). And be mindful of Mef, O people of understanding. 198 Youpl commit no sing by seeking grace from your Lordh. So when youpl pour forth from Arafat, remember Allah at the Sacred Landmark. And remember Him as He has guided youpl, although before that, you were indeed of those astray. 199 Then pour pl forth from where the people have poured forth and ask Allah for forgiveness. Indeed, Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Bestowing of mercy. 200 Then when youpl have completed your rites, remember Allah as you

Hajj.  Umrah. c A grammatical shift from singular to plural. d Lives outside Makkah. Qe Abu Jaʻfar read it as: “. . . then there shall be no intercourse nor ungodliness nor disputation during the Pilgrimage.” Ibn Kathir, Abu ʻAmr and Yaʻqub read it as: “. . . then there shall be no intercourse nor ungodliness, and no disputation, ever, during the Pilgrimage.” f A grammatical shift from 3rd person to 1st person. g During Pilgrimage. h Through commerce. a

b

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û h Šh h h û k i û h h m h h û i k ğ k q û h h ğ ‹ l Abŋi Ŭi Jĭ Ĭ Ŧĺ p ɤŋŠ ŴjŲ űļŘŦ= AJj ıŦ űô ȲjɅK ŴjŲ ƆŘŦ i Š h h h h i i i û h j h hû h û h û h i Ŭi `˯ űû Ȳ űļŶ ƊʼnŸ ĵųŬ abŋŬJ‹b ˌ_Aŋơ‹ ŋj šŒųɉ‹ ʼnŶjŠ h l i h i h h h i ğ h h h kůĮŘɉ‹ PĵŦ= Ľžû ńh Ŵjû Ų AźŘžjȯ= űğ Ȫ χ ǻj Ŵųj ɉ ĀjŷjŰĸû Ȱ ŴjŲk h h hğ l ûh û h i ğ h ğ `ğ ? Ĭ‹ x ŧi Ȯh Ĭ‹ x ńKğ Kź AJjıŦ ψ űžj j ô Abŋi jŧŤļŎ‹b Mĵȍ‹ i û h hğ l i i û h û i h h ğ iû h h i m AbŋŬJĭŦ űȲŭ jŏŠɰŲ űļžŘũ űû ȱ;h ĵhķA;h űû ȡŋj ȡjŊŬ Ĭ‹ h h i i m ûĠ ğ Ŵh ųj hŦ ñˊŋq Ŭjû J ʼnğ őh = bû = j ȍ‹ ĵžh ȫȐ‹ Ǎj ĵŶjh ĻA;h ĵŶh Ʌğ Kh ^źŪȬh ŴŲh Mĵ h mhğh i ih ğ iû h h h ĵŶɅK ^źŪȬ ŴŲ űŹŶjŲb ω Ũp Š ʄŇ Ŵjû Ų j Cŋjh Ň˖‹ Ǎj ÿȔi ĵŲh bh Ġ Ǎ ĵŶjh ĻA;h h Ŋh Šh ĵŶjh ũbh Ĺq Ŷh ŏh ńh j Cŋjh Ň˖‹ ȝbh Ĺq Ŷh ŏh ńh ĵžh ȫû Ȑ‹ BA j j i l h h h h Ģ l x ŕhŵ űû Źi ɉ ū i ğ ‹bh Aźô ĸi ŏh Ŭ ĵųjğ Ɋk Ķž i Ǧh Ĭ ğ şɆ j j Ɍʤb= ϊ jKĵȍ‹ j h Šh i û ğ ğ h m h ğ l i i û h h û Ŵųh ȯ D ˏ p ɘbʼnšŲ ˉp ĵŽɁ Ǎj Ĭ‹ AbŋŬJ‹bø ϋ Bĵ j ŏj ơ‹ û h h h û m h h h ğ h h h h û h h h û m h h û Ųh źû hŽ Ǎ Ůh łğ šh ȩh j ˌjŷžŰŠ űȪj? ƆŦ ŋŇįĻ ŴŲb jŷžŰŠ űȪj? ƆŦ ǻ j h i l h l h iğ Šhğ h h i h û û û i ğ m i û h hğ ό `bǬ ȩ‹ Ŵj ųj ɉ ƕ jŷȎj? űȲŵɁ AźųŰŠ‹b Ĭ‹ AźŪȩ‹bh ˍǐ û i h h i ûi h û ûĠ Šhh j Cźžơ‹ Ǎj ÿȔi źû ũ ū j ğȍ‹ Ŵjh Ųbh ʼni Źj Œiȹbh ĵžh ȫȐ‹ ĸł j šȬ ŴŲ Mĵ û hh ğ h ûh hğ Š h h Ĭ‹ Š h Ŏh ȠŠ źh hĻ AJ˯ j ŕjh Ƣ‹ ȐĠ Ɂ źh Ÿi bh ĀjŷjĸŰũ Ǎj ĵŲh ȇ Nj ύ _ĵ hû h i ğ h h û ğ h h û hû h û i h h h û i j Ɓ‹ Ǎj ƅ Ĭ‹ b ô Ůŏȿů‹b Eŋơ‹ ūj ŰŹɆb ĵŹžjȯ ʼn jŏŧȎj P˱ i h h h hû iCŌğ šûů‹ ŷi ûĻŊh Ňh h= Ĭ‹ h ğ ŨğĻ‹ Ȕi h Ůžj Ȱ AJ˯ ώ Iĵŏh ŧů‹ ĶjĠ Ƙ j j i h û h û hh iğh h ii û h h û û ğ Ŵjh Ųbh Ϗ Iĵ j ȍ‹ Mĵ Źųj ɉ‹ ōȻjȊb ðűŶŹŁ ÿŷĸŏŅŦ űˏ j ľƃĭ j jķ ûh üi ûh h ğ h h mh û i ğ bh jĬ‹ [b;i Kh Ĭ‹ Dĵ j ŗŋû Ɋ ;h ĵŤjļķ‹ ŷi ŏh ŧȫ dǬ ô j ȹ ŴŲ h h l i i û l û qğ h û k h ȑ‹ğ ĵŹh ȬĠ ɂʑ Ģ ϐ jIĵĸh jšůĭjķ ĹŦĮŬ űj Űjŏɉ‹ Ǎj AźŰŇI‹ AźŶi ŲAh ;h ŴŽj i h iğ Šhû ğ x ĸŲĠ bx k ʼni Šh űû Ȳ h i l ğh h ϑǻ ů ÿŷŵj? Ŵˏ j ɽžŒɉ‹ D j Š ʆśi Ň Aźši j ĸȽĻ ƅbh j ğ h l h û h i Šh khû i i ûh m h h û h ü k iûhh h ɰjžȊ‹ űȲĻ;ĵŁ ĵŲ ʼnj šȨ ŴŲj űļŰɉL `jıŦ `= Aźm ųi ŰŠĭŦ ĺ û h h i h ûh i ğ űi Źi žjh ȩįhŽ `= mƅğ ? `b f h f h hğ Ĭ‹ j ŋi ŞŶŽ ŮŸ ϒ űžjŭń ŌɆŌj Š Ĭ‹ ğ h i ûh û h i h i h Ģh hû h j h h û h k h i jĬ‹ Ǔ˯ ô ŋɊƁ‹ DŽj ũb ĹŭjɌˁųɉ‹b _ĵųŤů‹ ŴjŲ Ůp Űŝ Ǎj

remember your forefathers or with even greater remembrance. And of mankind is one who says, “Our Lord, bring to us in the Earlier (Life),” yet he has no share in the Hereafter. 201 And of them is one who says, “Our Lord, bring to us goodness in the Earlier (Life) and goodness in the Hereafter and protect us from the punishment of the Fire.” 202 Those shall have a share of what they have earned, for Allah is Swift in reckoning. 203 And remember pl Allah a during a limited number of days. But whoever hurries on (to leave Mena) after two days commits no sin, and whoever stays on commits no sin—provided he maintains mindfulness (of God). And bepl mindful of Allah, and know that to Him you will be herded. 204 And of mankind is one whose speech about the Earlier Life impresses yousg, and he calls upon Allah to bear witness as to what is in his heart, while he is the most hostile of adversaries. 205 For when he turns away (from you), he rushes about in the land in order to spread corruption on earth and destroy both field and progeny. But Allah does not love corruption. 206 And when he is told, “Be mindful of Allah,” the might of the sin takes over him. So Hell is sufficient for him, and indeed, what a miserable resting place! And of mankind is one who sells his (inner) self, 207 se ek i ng A l la h’s ple a su re. A nd A l la h is Compassionate towards the servants. 208 O you who have attained faith, enter into peacefulness and submission collectively, and do not follow the footsteps of Satan; indeed, to you he is an evident enemy. 209 So if youpl slip after the evident proofs have come to you, then know that Allah is Almighty, All-Wise. 210 Are they waiting for anything except for (the command of) Allah to come to them in shades of mists, and the angels (too)b? And (thus) the matter wasc settled, for to Allah all things are returnedd. 211 Ask the Children of Israel how many an evident sign We brought them. Yet whoever changes the blessing of Allah after it has come to him, then Allah is indeed stern in retribution. 212 The Earlier Life has been adorned for those who have denied, and they ridicule those who have attained faith. But  (of God) are above them on those who are mindful the Day of Resurrection, for Allah provides to a Qb c d



In the valley of Mena. Abu Jaʻfar read it as: “. . . in shades of mists and angels?” A grammatical shift from present tense to past tense. All except for Nafieʻ, Ibn Kathir, Abu ʻAmr, ʻAsem and Abu Jaʻfar read it as: “. . . all things return.” 21

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h h h i Ɋi iƁ‹û şi Łh ŋû iĻ m j hķ Ůû Ŏh ϓ Kź Ŵjû Ųk űŹi Šɰh žû ȩA;h űû ȱ ŮŽj;Ģʴh Ŏû j ? ƴ û ğ h û m ğ h `jıŦ ŷi Ļ;h ĵŁh ĵŲh ʼnj šû Ȩh Ŵü Ųj jĬ‹ Ĺųh šjû ŵ ^jʼnk ĸh Ȭi ŴŲh bh ˍpĹŶh j kɀhķ ģ ĹhŽA;h û Ġ i Š h hû l i h h h ğ h k i h û i h hğ ĵžh ȫȐ‹ Cźžơ‹ Abŋŧȱ ŴŽjȓj ɉ ŴjɆL ϔ Bĵ j Ūjšů‹ ʼnŽjʼnő Ĭ‹ h h l hğ h ğ h lòi h h h ğ h h i h ûh h _h źû hŽ űû Źi Ȱźû Ŧ Aźû Ūȩ‹ ŴŽj ȑ‹b AźŶŲA; ŴŽjȑ‹ ŴjŲ `bŋňŏȹb h h ûh im hh h ii ûh iğ h h h û h `ǽ ϕ Bĵ j Ťjķ ;ĵŒȹ ŴŲ \LŋŽ Ĭ‹b ˍjĹųŠɱŪj ů‹ p ŏjń Ǟ h h h h q h Šh q ği i ğ iğ ‹ Ľ h Ǭj k hȼŲi Ŵāh Zžk ȼğȍ‹ Ĭ ŴɆ šĸȯ Cʼnjńɩ ĹŲ= Mĵȍ‹ jj j h û i i h h hh hh h i û h k hû hǻû Ȩh űh Ȳ h Š ŅȎj Ũj ơĭjķ Ķɮjŭů‹ űŹšŲ ^Ōŵ=b ŴɆjKjŊŶŲi bh l ih û h û hh h ȑ‹ğ ƅğ ? jŷžjȯ ťh hŰļh ҋ j ğȍ‹ ŴŽj ĵŲb jŷˏ žjȯ AźŧŰļh ҋ ĵųžj ȯ Mĵ j h û i Šh khû i i û hm h h û h ü i i i ɰjžȊ‹ űŹȩ;ĵŁ ĵŲ ʼnj šȨ ŴŲj aźĻb= cʼnh Źh ȯ ðűû Źi Ŷh ûɀhķ ˋüžh ŤȨh ĺ û û û h l ih h h ğ iğ h Ŵh Ųj jŷžjȯ l Aźŧi hŰļh ҋ ĀjñŷjŵJjıjȨ Ũj k ơ‹ ĵųj ɉ AźŶŲA; ŴŽjȑ‹ Ĭ‹ hû h m h û Ġ h j ǓŠ ? ;i ĵŒh h ȹ ŴŲh djʼnŹû Ȭh Ĭ‹ i ğ bh _= ϖ ˈž j g jŪļŏŲ Qp Š ɷŔ l û h h h ğ i h ğ i û h ğ h h h ğ hû l i i û h h û i û h AźŰŇ ŴŽjȑ‹ ŮĿŲ űȲj ĻįŽ ĵųɉb ĹŶƠ‹ AźŰŇʼnĻ `= űļȼ jŏń l i û mğ ğ h im h ûhû i iû ğ ğ i ûh Š ğ ńh AźɉŌj ɉLi bh ;i AǴɉ‹ Ʋ b ;ĵŎįȊ‹ űŹļŏŲ ˌűȲj ŰĸȰ ŴjŲ h h ğ m ğ i û h Šh h i h h l i h h h ğ h i i ğ h ih ŵ ƲŲ ÿŷšŲ AźŶŲA; ŴŽjȑ‹b ^źŎŋɉ‹ ^źŪȬ `j? ƅɁ ñjĬ‹ Dz mh ûi h i i h h h h ih ûh ğ h û h x ŋhũ jĬ‹ ĵŲ Ůũ ð`źŪjŧŶŽ AJĵŲ ūŵźŰnZŏȹ ϗ ĶɆ Dzŵ j h û û h h h Ʌŋh ûũƁ‹bh ŴûŽȐh j Š ʆh ûŰj ŰhŦ Ǟû Ňh Ŵjû Ųk űļi Ūû ŧŵ Š h Šɮh hȎ‹bh ǻ = ǖ j j p h hû h ğ Ŵûķ‹bh ǻjŭɹ h ğ ‹ `ğ ıhŦ Ǟû Ňh Ŵjû Ų l AźŰi šh ŧû ȩh ĵŲh bh Ůžȼŏɉ‹ Ĭ ˍj j j Š ųɉ‹b j p j i ğ x i i i h û i ûh h h i x ŰŠh Ājŷķ ðűû Ȳů aŋû Ŭ źh Ÿbh ^ĵļjŪů‹ űi ȲžŰŠ ĶjļŬ Ϙ űžj j h h h h û i ğ xû h i h qû h l i û h h h h h Ģ Šb ðűȲů ǞŇ źh Ÿb ĵnZžő AźŸŋh ȲĻ `= ƿ Ģ Šb `= ƿ h h h h h i h i h û h i ğ h û i ğ xk h h i h q û h l Ġ i `źųi Űšû ȩ ƅ űû ļŵ =b űŰšȬ Ĭ‹b űô Ȳů Ǩ źŸb ĵnZžő Aźĸjƕ x ûi h h h ih ûh h h hû û ğ jŷžjȯ ^ĵļjh ũ Ůũ ˌjŷžjȯ ^ĵ p ļj ũ _Aj ŋơ‹ ŋj ŹŒɉ‹ Ŵj Š ūŵźŰnZŏȹ ϙ û hû h h h Ğ h h x h iûih ğ h û ʼnj ł _Aj ŋh ơ‹ j ŏųɉ‹b Ājŷjķ ü ŋŧȡb jĬ‹ Ůž j j ȼŎ ŴŠ ʼnŔb ôǞjĸŬ ûh i h û û h ihû û h ğ h ih û h iû ihȱ hŴjŲ ǚ = ĹŶļjŧů‹b jĬ‹ ô ʼnŶjŠ ǚȱ= ŷŶjŲ ĀjŷjŰŸ= FAŋŇ˯

whomever He wills without measure. 213 Mankind used to be one community, then Allah sent the prophets as bearers of glad tidings and as forewarners. And He sent down with them the Scripture with the truth to judgea between mankind regarding whatever they differed over. But none differed over itb except those who were given it— after evident proofs had come to them—out of mutual envy between them. Then Allah guided those who attained faith to the truth they had disputed, by His knowledge c. For Allah guides whom He wills to a straight path. 214 Or did youpl expect to enter the Garden (of Paradise) before the like of (the trials that befell) those who passed on before you had befallen you? Misery and adversity afflicted them, and they were shaken as with an earthquake, untild the Messenger and those who believed with him would say, “When is Allah’s support (coming)?” Undoubtedly, Allah’s support is indeed near. 215 They ask you sg what they should spend. Say, “Whatever good )offering( you spend is for the parents and the close relatives and the orphans and the destitutepl and the traveler in need. For whatever good youpl do, Allah is All-Knowing of it. 216 Combat has been prescribed upon youpl, even though you dislike it. But it may be that youpl dislike something while it is good for you, and it may be that you like something while it is bad for you. For Allah knows, and youpl know not. 217 They ask yousg about the inviolable month— (about) combat during it. Say, “Combat during it is (a) grave )offense(, yet barring (others) from the way of Allah and denying Him and (preventing access to) the Inviolable Mosque as well as evicting its people from it are graver to Allah, for religious persecution is (a) graver (offense) than killing. And they will keep combating youpl to turn you back from your religion, if they can. And whoever of you turns back from his religion and dies as a denier—thosee are the ones whose deeds were nullified in the Earlier (Life) and the Hereafter, for those are the fellows of the Fire; therein they abide. 218 Indeed, those who have attained faith and those who have migrated and have striven in the  way of Allah—those expect Allah’s mercy, for



Abu Jaʻfar read it as: “. . . so that it may be judged between mankind . . .” The Scripture. c Literally ‘by His leave’. Qd Nafieʻ read it as: “. . . and they were shaken as with an earthquake, such that the Messenger and those . . .” e A grammatical shift from singular to plural. Qa b

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i Ġ i h i Šhi h i h h h h û hû h Š ğ ńh űû Ȳ ŵźŰjļʂŽ `źɉAŌŽ ƅb ˍŮj ļŪů‹ ŴŠ űû ȡbIŋi hŽ Ʋ l û h h i i û `? űû Ȳj ĀjŷjŶŽjI ŴŠ űû ȲŶjŲ IjʼnĻŋû hŽ ŴŲh bh Aźô ši Šɽh ļh Ŏ‹ ŶŽjI jj h i i û û h h h hl h x h hih û ihh ûĠ ĵžh ȫȐ‹ Ǎj űû Źi ۊʅh Š= ĺ śjĸń ūjɌʤĢ bįŦ ŋj Ŧǽ źŸb ĺųžȯ h i Šh h û i ğ i Šh û h h Ģhlih h Ϛ `bȒ j ɗ ĵŹžjȯ űŸ ˌjKĵȍ‹ ĶɳŔ= ūj Ɍʤb=b ˌjCŋjŇ˖‹bh ğ h l i hŠh h l i h h h ğ h l ih h h ğ ğ jĬ‹ Ůž j j ȼŎ Ǎj AbʼnŹɕb AbŋŁĵŸ ŴŽjȑ‹b AźŶŲA; ŴŽjȑ‹ `j? ğ h hû h h i ûh h Ģhli i ğ bh jĬ‹ x ńKğ xKźŧi Ȯh Ĭ‹ ĺƧK `źŁŋŽ ūjɌʤb= ϛ űžj ô h h i nh û h h û ŴŠh ū xǞĸŬh űx ûľ? m ĵųh Źžjȯ Ůû iũ Ǫj ûɀųh û ɉ‹bh ŋųû Ƣ‹ ŵźŰZŏȹø j j ˌj j j j h i m û ûğ û h h ihȱ j ŶŰjğ ɉ şi jŧŠɰh Ųh bh ūŵźŰnZh ŏû h ȹbh ñĵųh Źj jšŧȫ ŴjŲ ǚ = ĵųh Źi ųi Ȫ˯ Mĵ h i h i ğ i k h i h Šh h h û h û i h i i h h ĺ ǻj ȼŽ ūj ɉɶŬ ñ źŧšů‹ Ůj ũ ð`źŪjŧŶŽ AJĵŲ j Š ɔ˖‹ űi Ȳů Ĭ‹ i ûĠ h ğ h h i ğ h h h ūŵźŰnZh ŏû h ȹbh ˍjCŋjh Ň˖‹bh ĵžh ȫȐ‹ Ǎj Ϝ `bŋi ŭŧļh ȩ űû ȲŰšh ů ğ x h ûi h Šh hû hi h i Š ɮȎ‹ Ŵj Šh űû Ÿźśji ůĵƛ `˯ ðxǞû Ň űû Źi ɉ GƆŔû j ? Ůũ ˌǖ û m h h i i hû h h ŧû ųi û ɉ‹ űi hŰšû Ȭh Ĭ i ğ ‹bh űû Ȳ ;h ĵő źû ɉbh ˏ jŃj Űŕû ųi ɉ‹ Ŵjh Ų ʼnjŏ ô ŵŠʆŇjıŦ l i h hh i hh ûhh iğ h ğ `ğ ? űû Ȳ x ŭńh ŌɆ f ŌŠh Ĭ‹ ļŶȭƁ Ĭ‹ AźŅjŭŶĻ ƅb ϝ űžj ô j j h h h û Ġ k xû h fh û Ġ x h h ğ ûi ğ h h û iû Šɦ Š Ʋ ń ĺ Ǭ Ų Ŵj Ų Ǟ Ň Ĺ Ŷj Ų İ Ų Ĺ Ų Ɓ b Ŵj Ų İ Ž j pĹȡǬ ô j ųɉ‹ j h l i ûi ğ h h û iû l i i h û i ûh h û h ûh h Š ń ǻj ȡǬ Aźô ŶjŲİŽ Ʋ j ųɉ‹ AźŅjŭŶĻ ƅb ñűȲļĸłŠ= źɉb i û Ġ k xûh f û Ġ x ûhhh h h i h û h ûh h ūjɌʤĢ bl = ñűû Ȳĸh ł Š= źɉb ]p Ǭ j Ų ŴjŲ ǞŇ ŴjŲİŲ ʼnĸšůb û û û h i ûh i ğ bh Kĵğȍ‹ Ǔh ? `ź h û Ǔh j ? l Aźm Ši ʼnû hŽ Ĭ‹ ĀjðŷjŵJjıjȨ j Cŋh jŧŤųh ɉ‹bh jĹŶğ Ơ‹ j ŠʼnŽ ˌj ğ h h ğ h h h i h ikhih j ŶŰjğ ɉ ĀjŷjļŠɔA;h ǻ ūŵźŰnZh ŏû h ȹbh Ϟ `bŋi ŬŊļh Ȭh űû Źi Űšh ů Mĵ j ȼɆb h û û h m k l i h û h q hi ûi Ŗž j ųh ɉ‹ Ǎj ;h ĵŏh j ȿů‹ Aźɉǡ j ųh ɉ‹ Ŵj Š j Ņ ˌj Ņ j ȭĭŦ cJ= źŸ Ůũ Ŗž h h h h i ihûh hh i iûh h Š ğ ńh Ŵğ Ÿź ɅŋŪȩ ƅb Ŵjû Ų Ŵğ ŸźĻɂŦ `ŋû Źğ śh ȩ AJjıŦ ð`ŋû Źi śû Ȭh Ʋ ğ ğ iğ i ih hh i ûh h ȨŠʆğ ȋ‹ Ġ ŅɆi bh ǻ Ġ Ƙi Ĭ‹ h ğ `j? ôĬ‹ űȡŋɊ= Ľžń Ķ Ķj j j û l i h i ğ x i h i im h ŋŹk śh ļh ųi û ɉ‹ űû Ȳľŋû ńh AźĻɂŦ űû Ȳů Eŋû ńh űû ȱ>ĵŏjh ȸ ϟ ŴɆ j j h lm i h û h hğ l iğ h û i ğh l û h i k i i û h Š AźųŰŠ‹b Ĭ‹ AźŪȩ‹b űô Ȳ jŏŧŵƁj AźɊjʼnũb ðűļȻjő ƭɁ

Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Bestowing of mercy. 219 They ask you sg about wine and gambling. Say, “There is grave sina in them and some benefits for people, but the sin in themb is greater than their benefit.” And they ask you about what they should spend. Say, “The surplus.” Thus Allah makes the sign evident to youpl, that you may reflect 220 about the Earlier (Life) and the Hereafter. And they ask yousg about (looking after) orphans. Say, “Reforming their affairs is best. And if you intermix with them, then they are your brethren.” And Allah knows the corrupter from the reformer. For had Allah willed, He could have overburdened youpl. Indeed, Allah is Almighty, All-Wise. 221 Moreover, dopl not marry polytheistic women until they believe, for a believing bondwoman is surely better than a polytheistic woman, even if she impresses youpl. And do not marry your women to polytheistic men until they believe, for a believing bondman is surely better than a polytheistic man, even if he impresses youpl. Those call to the Fire, while Allah calls to the Garden (of Paradise) and to forgiveness by His leave, for He makes clear His signs to mankind, that they may remember. 222 And they ask you sg about menstruation. Say, “It is (a cause of) harm, so keeppl away from (sexual intercourse with) women during menstruation, and do not approach them until they are cleanc. But once they have cleansed themselves, then approach them from where Allah has commanded you.” Indeed, Allah loves those who frequently repent, and He loves those who cleanse themselves.” 223 Your pl women are a field for you, so approach your fields whichever way you like, but do some (good) act for yourselves beforehand. And be mindful of Allah and know that youpl are bound to meet Him. And give sg glad tidings to the believers. 224 And do not make your oaths in Allah’s name an excuse to hinder youpl from virtue and mindfulness (of God) and reconciling between people, for Allah is All-Listening, All-Knowing. 225 Allah does not hold youpl accountable for idle talk involving your (unintended) oaths, but He holds you accountable for what your hearts have earned, for  Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Forbearing. 226 For those who vow abstinence from their wives is a wait of



Hamza and Al-Kesa’i read it as: “There is much sin in them . . .” Literally ‘their sin’. Qc Shuʻba, Hamza, Al-Kesa’i and Khalaf read it as: “. . . until they are cleansed.” Qa b

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i ğh h ŶŲj İû ųi û ɉ‹ Ǭk h ȵbh iaźŪi Š ʄh ŲĠ űȲ h ğ l AźiŰšh ûƏh ƅh bh Ϡ ǻj Ĭ‹ ŵɁ jj ñ h h i Šh û k q h û i h û Ȩh l AźŅji Űŕû iĻbh l AźŪi ļğ ȩh bh l Abǚ Ġ h ȩh `= űû Ȳj ŶʅŽƁj ĹŗŋŠ ǻ ûğ iğ i i i hi ğ x h f h i ğ h j ğȍ‹ ˏ jźŤŰɉĭjķ Ĭ‹ űȱŊjŇAİŽ ƅ ϡ űžj ŰŠ şžųj Ŏ Ĭ‹b Mĵ h i h i i hi i i i i Šh ûh m û ĸh ŏh Ŭ ĵųh ķ űȱ h űû Ȳj Š űñ û ȲɅź Űũ ĺ Ŋj Ň A İ Ž Ŵ Ȳ ɧ b ŶʅŽɁ Ǎj j j m k h i û h ğk h i ğ bh x Űńh Kź f ŧi Ȯh Ĭ‹ œi ɅĠ ŋh Ļ űû Źj j ɋĵŏjh ȸ ŴjŲ `źɉİiŽ ŴŽj ȓj ů Ϣ űžj û h ğ ‹ `ğ ıhŦ b;i m ĵhŦ `ıhŦ ŋŹi őû h= jĹšh Ʌh Kû h= x ŧi Ȯh Ĭ x ńKğ Kź `˯ ϣ űžj j j ˌp û ğ h ğ l AźɊi Ōh Šh h ğ `ğ ıŦ Ũh Š ʄh śů‹ i Šʂh Űśh ųi ɉ‹bh Ϥ űžj x ŰŠh şž f ųj Ŏh Ĭ‹ ĺ j û h h ğ i h Ġ h h h m i i h h Šh h ğ i h h û ğ h h h hŴųû ļi Ȳ Ž `= ŴŹɉ ŮjƘ ƅb ˏ p;bŋũ ĹĿʄľ ŴŹj jŏŧŵįjķ ŴŕɅǛȬ û ğ ğ ûi ğ i i ğ Ũh hŰŇh ĵŲh ğ h û h m Ĭ‹ h bh jĬĭ _j źû Ȏ‹ j j ķ ŴjŲİŽ Ŵȱ `j? ŴŹj Ɋj ĵńK= Ǎ h k Ġ h q h û l i h û h h ô ĵŅŠʄŔj? Abm IAKh = `j? ūj ɉŠə Ǎj Ŵjğ ŸIj ŋh j ķ Ũńh = Ŵğ Źi iȋźši Ʌi bh ˏŋjj Ň˖‹ hh h k ɉbh [b i šû ųh û ɉĭķ Ŵğ Źžû hŰŠh djȑ‹ğ Ůi Ŀjû Ų Ŵğ Źi h ɉbh Ŵğ Źj žû ŰŠ ^ĵ ŋ j ˏ j ŁŋŰj j j j i ŏh Ɋû ıhŦ `ĵhĻŋğ Ɋh Ũi Š ʄh śů‹ ğ ϥ űžj i ğ bh ñ xĹŁh Kh Ih f ŭńh ŌɆ f ŌŠh Ĭ‹ ü]ĵ j ˌj j l i i û h h û i h Ġ h h h Š h û üi û h û h ûh AbŊŇįĻ `= űȲů ŮjƘ ƅb ˍŴp ɹńjıjȨ ŃɆǪ g ŋi šųjķ j ȶ b= [b ğ h i i h i ğ h m h h h h m ğ ne û h ğ i i i û h h m ğ jŪŽ ƅɁ ĵŦĵƞ `= ƅj? ĵZžő ŴŸźųļɀĻA; ĵųjɊ ðjĬ‹ Ibʼnń ĵųž ğ h i i h i ğh û i û û h h Ŷh Łi Ɔh hŦ jĬ‹ h ȯ ĵųh Źžû hŰŠh Gĵ ĵųžj Ibʼnń ĵųžjŪŽ ƅɁ űļŧjŇ `jıŦ j h hh ğ i û û h h û ʼnğ šh ļh Ȭh ŴŲh bh ô ĵŸbʼni ļh šû ȩ ƆŦ jĬ‹ Ibʼni ńi ūŰj Ļ Ājñŷjķ Dʼnh ļh ȯ‹ hh hğ h ğ h i h h ih ğ h ƆŦ ĵŹh ŪŰŚh `jıŦ Ϧ `źųji ۊɾů‹ űi Ÿ ūjɌʤĢ bl įŦ jĬ‹ Ibʼni ńi h Ġ h h hû h e ûh h h Šğ h i û h ü hğ ĵŹh ŪŰŚh `jıŦ ÿñ iaǞ Ȯ ĵŁbL ŃjŭŶĻ Ʋń ʼnšȨ ŴŲj ÿȔi Ůjƕ h h Ŷh Łi Ɔh hŦ h Ǜ h jŪiŽ `h= m ĵŶğ ŝh `? m ĵšh ŁA h h Ȭh `h= m ĵųh Źžû hŰŠh Gĵ Ibʼni ńi ĵųž j j h h h h ğ i ğ h û AJ˯ ϧ `źųi Űšû Ȭh ˉp źû Ūj ů ĵŹh Ŷi j žk ȼh iŽ jĬ‹ Ibʼni ńi ūŰj Ļbh ñjĬ‹ h i i ûhh ğ ih h h h ûhhh hm h k iiûğ h û ųh ķ Ŵğ Ÿź i bû = [b ŋ š ŭ jŏɊįŦ ŴŹŰŁ= ŴŤŰĸȯ ;ĵŏjȿů‹ űļŪŰŚ g j k h ğ i i ûi hh l i i k h û ŴŲh bh Abô ʼni ļh šû hȋj ˊKAq ǰ j ŴŸźŭ jŏųȩ ƅb [b ˏ p ŋi šųh j ķ Ŵğ ŸźńǦ j h l h û i h h ûh h û h h ğ h ğh h û jĬ‹ ĺ j ļȩ ƅbh ÿô ŷi ŏh ŧȫ űh Űŝ ʼnŪȯ ūj ɉŠə ŮšŧȬh j Š ɔA;h Abm Ŋň

four months. But if they retract, then Allah is OftForgiving, Bestowing of mercy. 227 But if they resolve to divorce—then Allah is indeed AllHearing, All-Knowing. 228 Moreover, divorced women shall keep themselves in wait for three periods, and it is not lawful for them to conceal what Allah has created in their wombs if they believe in Allah and the Last Day, for their husbands have the right to restore them back if they want reconciliation. And women have rights equal to their obligations in accordance with what is fair. But men have a degree over them, for Allah is Almighty, All-Wise. 229 Divorce is (allowed) twice, then either retention in accordance with what is fair, or setting free kindly. And it is not lawful for youpl to take back anything you have given thema, unless theyb both fearc that they may not maintain Allah’s limits. So if youpl fear that they may not maintain Allah’s limits, then there is no sin committed by either of them if she pays, as a compensation for her release d . These are Allah’s limits, so do pl not transgress them, for those who transgress Allah’s limits are the unjust. 230 But if he divorces her, she shall not be lawful for him again until she has married another spouse. Then if hee divorces her, then no sin is committed by them both f if they reunite, provided they think they can maintain Allah’s limits. Thus these are Allah’s limits; He makes them evident to people who know. 231 Thus if youpl divorce women and they have reached their termg, then either retain them in accordance with what is fair or release them in accordance with what is fair. But do not retain them in order to transgress against them, for whoever performs that, then he has surely been unjust to himself. And do not take Allah’s signs for mockery. And remember Allah’s blessing upon youpl and what He has sent down to you of the Scripture and the Wisdom to admonish you. And be pl mindful of Allah, and know that Allah is All-Aware of everything. 232 Thus if youpl divorce women and they have reached their termg, then do not prevent them from marrying their





‘Them’ is feminine, denoting that the discourse is addressing men regarding their wives. b A grammatical shift from 2nd person to 3rd person. Qc Hamza, Abu Jaʻfar and Yaʻqub read it as: “. . . unless it is feared that they both may not maintain . . .” d Literally ‘ransoms herself’. e The latter. f She and the first husband. g The waiting period. a

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i h h hh h m hh û i ûh h ğ h h û l i i û h q i i űȲžû ŰŠ ^Ōŵ = ĵŲb űȲžŰŠ jĬ‹ ĺųšj ŵ AbŋŬJ‹b ˊô bŌŸ lm i h û h hğ l iğ h û û h û h k i i AźųŰŠ‹b Ĭ‹ AźŪȩ‹b Ājôŷjķ űȲŞjšhŽ jĹųh ŭj ơ‹bh Ķ j Šɮjŭů‹ ŴjŲ m k ûğ h i h ğ `ğ h= x ŰŠh ;g ƾ û h Ůk Ȳ ;h ĵŏh j ȿů‹ űi ļi ŪŰŚh AJ˯ Ϩ űžj Ĭ‹ ķ j j h ğ i h Šh û h h û h h ğ i i i û h h h ğ i h h h h û h h h AJj? ŴŹŁɩL= ŴŅjŭŶŽ `= ŴŸźŰŘšȩ ƆŦ ŴŹŰŁ= ŴŤŰĸȯ h h i h h h û hû ihûh lû h hh `ǽ ŴŲh Ājŷjķ ŜȭźiŽ ūj ɉŠə [b ˍ j ŋi šųɉĭjķ űŹŶɀķ AźŗŠɷĻ ğ i h Š h û h û i Šh i ûi û i h û bh jĬĭ űû Ȳů ȟ L= űȲj ůə ˍŋjj Ň˖‹ _j źû Ȏ‹ j ķ ŴjŲİŽ űȲŶjŲ h ih û h h û i hh i h û h iğ h i h ûhh iDŠɵjh ůŠʆh ûů‹bø h ϩ `ź ųŰšȩ ƅ űļŵ=b űŰšȬ Ĭ‹b ô ŋŹŚ=b h h h h û h û h h û h û h ğ i h Šh û h h û û i ğűjļiŽ `= IA K= Ŵųj ɉ ˌǻ j ŋŽ j ŰjɊǽ ǻ j ůźń ŴŸʼnɧb= Ŵšŗ h û h û i h hh h ğ û ii û iiû [b ˏ j ŋi šųh ɉĭjķ Ŵğ Źȩźh ŏj ȡbh Ŵğ ŹȰLjK ÿȔi jIźɉźû ųh ɉ‹ ȇbh ô ĹŠĵŗŋɉ‹ h h h h i h ğ Řh iĻ ƅh ô ĵŹh šh Ŏû bi ƅğ ? ōf ŧû ȫh ťi Űğ Ȳ ƅbh ĵŸjȐźh j ķ ü iCȐh j Š ɩh KĮ Ļƅ j h h h ğ û h û h h h iû x i h AIAKh = `jıŦ ñ ūj ɉŠə ŮĿjŲ E j źh j ķ ÿȔi Iźɉźû Ɋh j jKAźh ɉ‹ ȇbh Āj ôaȐ h h h hi hh i hhh h iûk h h e h ñĵųh Źj žû ŰŠ Gĵ ŶŁ ƆŦ pKbĵŒȶb ĵųŹŶjŲ PA p ŋh Ļ ŴŠ ƅĵŕj Ŧ i h h h h i h h û i h Šh û h l m i û h û h h û Ġ h h û űû Ȳžû ŰŠ Gĵ ŶŁ ƆŦ űȱʼnɧb= Aźšŗ j Ǜŏȶ `= űȩIK= `˯ hğ l i h û h h ğ l i ğ h û ûh iûh m ğ iûğ h h `= Aźm ųŰŠ‹b Ĭ‹ AźŪȩ‹b [b ˍ j ŋi šųɉĭjķ űļɀĻA;h ĵŲ űļųŰŎ AJj? h ih ûh h hğ h ğ i h ȑ‹ğ bh Ϫ xǞŕj hķ `ź Űųšȩ ĵųjķ Ĭ‹ űû ȲŶjŲ `źû Ŧźh ļh Ȭi ŴŽj h h h i h û ğ hh h q Šh û h h i h h h q û Šh bh ŋŹi őû = Ĺh šh Ʌh Kû = Ŵğ Ź jŏŧŵ įjķ ŴŕɅǛȬ ĵŁɩL= `bKŊɆb ðˊǬ j p i ûh h h h i hh ğ ih h h h ûhh h h h ȯ űû Ȳ m j Ŵh ûŰšh ȯh ĵųžj Ǎ žŰŠ GĵŶŁ ƆŦ ŴŹŰŁ= ŴŤŰķ AJjıŦ h i h h h i h û û i ğ bh [b ƅbh ϫ xǞjĸŇ `źŰųh šû ȩ ĵųh j ķ Ĭ‹ jˍ ŋi šųh ɉĭjķ Ŵğ Źj jŏŧŵ= h m k û h h û i ûh h h h i bû = ;j ĵŏh j ȿů‹ jĹĸh śjû Ň Ŵjû Ų Ājŷjķ űļi ŗŋğ Š ĵųžj ȯ űȲžŰŠ GĵŶŁ h h i û i h m ûi hû h i ğ iğ h h û i Ŵğ Źi ȫbŋi ŬŊļh Ŏh űû ȲŵɁ Ĭ‹ űj ŰŠ űô Ȳ jŏŧŵ= Ǎ j űļȿŶȱ= h mğ ĝ ğ i i hi ğ h q û ğ q h l i ih ô ĵŦbŋi šŲ ƅźû ũ AźɉźŪȩ `= ƅj? AǦ j ŴŸbʼnjŠAźĻ ƅ ŴȲ j Š ɧbh h l h h i h û hiûh ğ h Šɮjŭů‹ ŢŰĸȬ Ʋ Š ń Gj Ǿjh kȍ‹ hCʼnh Ūû ȭi AźɊi Ōj šû ȩh ƅbh ÿô ŷi ŰŁh = Ķ i h m h i h û h hğ ğ h lm i h û h i û hŦ űû Ȳ iabKi Ŋh ńĭ jŏŧŵ= Ǎj ĵŲ űŰšȬ Ĭ‹ `= AźųŰŠ‹b ô

spouses (again), provided they agree with each other in accordance with what is fair. That is an admonition for whoever of you believes in Allah and the Last Day. That is more purifying for youpl and cleaner, for Allah knows, and you know not. 233 And mothers shall nurse their children for two whole yearsa—for whoever wants to complete the nursing period. And it is the duty of the father of the infant to provide for themb and clothe them in accordance with what is fair. No self shall be tasked beyond its capacity. No mother should bec harmed on account of her child, nor any father of an infant on account of his child. And the same duty rests upon the heir. And if they both want weaning, by mutual consent and consultation, then no sin is committed by them. And if youpl want d to seek nursing for your children, then no sin is committed by you as long as you give (them) what you have broughte in accordance with what is fair. And be mindful of Allah, and know that Allah is indeed All-Seeing of what you do. 234 And those of you who are taken at death and leave spouses behind, theyf shall keep themselves in wait for four months and ten days. Then when they have reached their term, then no sin is committed by youpl regarding what they might do with themselves in accordance with what is fair. For Allah is All-Aware of what you do. And no sin is committed by youpl if you give a 235 hint about engagement to (the widowed) women or if you keep it within yourselves. Allah already knew that you would consider (marrying) themg. But do not meet them secretly unless you have something to say in accordance with what is fair. And do not confirm the marriage tie until the term prescribed is fulfilled. And know that Allah knows what is in your (inner) selves, so beware of Him. And know that Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Forbearing. 236 No sin is committed by youpl if you divorce women before having touchedh themi nor appointed to them any marriage obligationj. And compensate them: the

Literally ‘two rounds’.  The mothers. Qc  ʻAmr and Yaʻqub read it as: “No mother is (supposed to be) harmed on account of her child . . .” Ibn Kathir, Abu d A grammatical shift from 3rd person to 2nd person. Qe Ibn Kathir read it as: “. . . what youpl have come up with . . .” f The pronoun is plural feminine, denoting that it means ‘the widows’. g Literally ‘mention them’. h In sexual intercourse. Qi Hamza, Al-Kesa’i and Khalaf read it as: “. . . before having touched each other . . .” j Dowry. a

b

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û h i h h h hi ğ h ğ `ğ h= l Aźm ųi hŰŠ‹ x Űńh Kź f ŧi Ȯh Ĭ‹ `j? űû Ȳžû ŰŠ Gĵ ŶŁ ƅ Ϭ űžj b h q h h ğ ih l i ûh û ğ i Ġ h h ûh h hm h k i i ûğ h ô ĹŘɆ ŋj Ŧ ŴŹɉ Aźŗŋj ŧȩ b= ŴŸźŏųȩ űɉ ĵŲ ;ĵŏjȿů‹ űļŪŰŚ h ûiû hh h ii hh h iû hh ğ i ikhh ˋüšh ŠɮŲh ÿiaKi ʼnh ũ Ǜ j j Ūųɉ‹ ȇb ÿaKʼnũ jşjŎźųɉ‹ ȇ ŴŸźšjļŲb hh ĝ h i ûğ û hû h ȿ jŏŅû ųi û ɉ‹ ȇ ĵŪń [b ŴjŲ Ŵğ Ÿźųi ļi ŪŰŚh `˯ ϭ ǻ j ˌ j ŋi šųɉĭjķ i h q h h h û h h h h h i ĵŲh ťŕjû ŶŦ ĹŘɆŋj Ŧ Ŵğ Źi ɉ űû ļi ŗŋh Ŧ ʼnû ũbh Ŵğ ŸźŏĠ ųh ȩ `= Ůj ĸû Ȱ h mğ h h i ğ l i ûi û h Ci ʼnh Ūȭ Āj aʼnj žh j Ȩ djȑ‹ Aźh ŧšû Ȭh bû = `źŧšû Ȭh `= ƅj? űû ļi ŗŋh Ŧ h h û hû li h h hh Š h ûğ i hûh lm i û h hh ŮŘŧů‹ AźŏȿĻ ƅb c ˏ j Ǿj kȍ‹ ô źŪļŰj ɉ Bŋũ= Aźŧšȩ `=b G hh l i h h i h û h h hğ ğ û i hûh f ŕj hķ `ź ȇ AźŞŧj Š ɖ Ϯ Ǟ Űųšȩ ĵųjķ Ĭ‹ `j? űô ȲŶɀķ l û h ğ bh DŠʆh hŰŕɉ‹ ğ h ȽjŶŠɥh jĬğ j AźɊź i ũi bh żŠ śh Ŏû źi û ɉ‹ j CźŠ Űh ŕɉ‹ `jıŦ ϯ ǻ j j h hğ l i i û h û i h mh h q h û i ûh e h h û i û AbŋŬJĭŦ űļŶjŲ= AJjıŦ ðĵȫĵĸŬK b= ƅĵŁŋj Ŧ űļŧjŇ ĵųh Ŭ Ĭ‹ h ihûh l i i h ûh ğ i hğ h h ğ h ȑ‹ğ bh ϰ `ź ųŰšȩ AźŵźȲĻ űɉ ĵŲ űȲųŰŠ `źû Ŧźh ļh Ȭi ŴŽj h k h e hğ q ğ h q Šh û h h i h h h û i hû Ǔj? ĵšŠɮŲ űŹj Ł j b ĵŁɩL= `bKŊɆb űȲŶjŲ j Š ɩLƁj ĹžŔ h i h h h h i h h û h h û h h û h û h û hû ŶŁ ƆŦ ŴŁŋŇ `jıŦ FA Ǎj űû Ȳžû ŰŠ Gĵ ˏ p ŋŇj? ǞȮ ^j źơ‹ i h m hûhh h i ğ ‹bh [bŋi šû Ųğ ŴjŲ Ŵğ Ź jŏŧŵ x ŭńh ŌɆ f ŌŠh Ĭ ϱ űžj = Ǎj ŴŰšȯ ĵŲ p ˍ j j h hğ û û hû i h h h Ūļğ ųi û ɉ‹ ȇh ĵŪĝ ńh [b ϲ ǻ j j ŠʂŰśh ųi Űj ɉbh ˌ j ŋi šųɉĭjķ ü şŠɮŲ ĺ h i h i ğ h h i h i ğ i k h i h Šh h ϳ `źŰjŪšû ȩ űû ȲŰšh ů ĀjŷjļŠɔA;h űû Ȳů Ĭ‹ ǻj ȼŽ ūj ɉɶŬ i l f i i h h h h ğ h hh ûhh ȑ‹ Ǔj? ŋĻ űɉɁø Kh Ŋńh [źɉɁ űû Ÿbh űjû Ÿŋj Š ɔjI ŴjŲ AźŁi ŋh Ň ŴŽj h ih hğ ğ û iŠh û ğ i l i i iğ i ih h h h û hû `j? űô Źɱń= űȪ AźĻźɊ Ĭ‹ űŹɉ ^ĵŪȯ D bȑ Ĭ‹ j źųɉ‹ h hh û h h i û h û ğ Šh h hhȱ j ğȍ‹ ǜ j ğȍ‹ ȇ Ůg ŘŦ ϴ `bŋi ŭŒhȹ ƅ Mĵ = ŴȲ j ɧb Mĵ l i h h û h ğ h h ğ `ğ h= l Aźm ųi Űh Š‹ x ŰŠh şž f ųj Ŏh Ĭ‹ b jĬ‹ Ůž ϵ űžj j j ȼŎ Ǎj AźŰjļŠɥb ğ h h h h h i û e h hğ ÿm Ȕi ÿŷi ŧšj Š ɼži ȯ ĵŶq ŏh ńh ĵŗŋû ũ Ĭ‹ Pŋj ŪȬi djȑ‹ AJ ŴŲğ i h i h i û iğ h qh h q h û h ϶ `źši Łh ŋû Ļ jŷûȎ˯ ři ŕö ĸû Ɇh bh ŖjĸŪȬh Ĭ ‹b ô CǞjĿŬ ĵȯĵšŗ= l i h û Ģ h i ûh h Ģh û m h ü h hû h hh ûhh ü Aźɉĵũ Jj ? ƽźɊ ʼnj šȨ ŴŲj ŮŽj;ʴŎj? ƴj ķ ŴŲj Ƅ j ųɉ‹ Ǔj? ŋĻ űɉɁ

wealthy according to his means, and the poor according to his means—a compensation in accordance with what is fair, a duty upon those who excel in doing good. 237 But if youpl divorce them before having touched them and you have already appointed them an appointed sum, then (give them) half of what you have appointed—unless they waive it or the one in whose hand is the marriage contract waives it. But to waive it is nearer to mindfulness (of God). And do not forget grace among yourselves. Indeed, Allah is All-Seeing of what you do. 238 Preservepl the prayers and the middle prayer, and stand devout before Allah. 239 But if youpl are in fear, then (pray) on foot or while riding. Then when you feel secure, remember Allah as He has taught you what you did not know. 240 Moreover, those of you (men) who are taken at death and leave spouses behind—(let them bequeath) a bequesta for their spouses with compensation for a year without eviction (from the husband’s residence). But if they depart, then no sin is committed by youpl regarding what they have done with themselves in accordance with what is fair. For Allah is Almighty, All-Wise. 241 And for divorced women there is a compensation in accordance with what is fair—a duty upon the mindfulpl. 242 Allah thus makes His signs evident to youpl, that you may reason. 243 Have yousg not seen those who departed their homes by the thousands, for fear of death? So Allah said to them, “Die,” then He revived them. Most surely, Allah is Gracious towards mankind, but most of mankind do not thank. 244 And combat pl in the way of Allah, and know that Allah is All-Hearing, All-Knowing. 245 Who is it that will lend Allah a good loan? (So) that He may multiply it for him manifoldb, for Allah withholds and extends, and to Him you pl are returnedc. 246 Have yousg not seen the chiefs of the Children of Israel after Moses, when they said to a prophet of theirs, “Appoint a king for us, and we will combat in the way of Allah.”? He said, “Would you perhaps, in case combat is prescribed upon you, not combat?” They said, “Why would we not combat in the way of Allah when we were evicted  along with our children?” But from our homes



All except Abu ʻAmr, Ibn ʻAmer, Hafs and Hamza read it as: “. . . and leave spouses behind—a bequest (is ordained upon them) for their spouses with compensation . . .” Qb All except for ʻAsem, Ibn ʻAmer and Yaʻqub read it as: “Who is it that will lend Allah a good loan (so) that He may multiply it for him manifold? For Allah withholds and extends . . .” Qc Yaʻqub read it as: “. . . youpl return.” Qa

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ûh h h ğ û ŠhĠ q h hh û h û i iğ k h h ŮŸ ^ĵũ ðjĬ‹ Ůž j j ȼŎ Ǎj Ůjļʂŵ Ǿj ŰɊ ĵȍ ĽšȨ‹ űŹɉ Ʊ p j jȍ h l i h l i hi ğ i û i h h h i iû h ĵŲh bh Aźɉĵũ Aźð ŰjļŠʂĻ ƅɁ ^ĵļh jŪů‹ űi Ȳžû ŰŠ Ķ j ļŬ `j? űû ļɀŏh Š h h û i h ğ h Ǎ Ůh j ļŠʂh iŵ ƅğ Ɂh m ĵhȍh ĵŵŋj Š ɔjI ŴjŲ ĵŶh Łû ŋj Ň= ʼnû ũbh jĬ‹ Ůž ȼ Ŏ j j j ğ q l û ğ i h h h h h i ğ h h ðĵh m h û h h űô û Źi Ŷjû Ųk Ɔžj Űũ ƅj? Aźû ůźh Ļ ^ĵļh jŪů‹ űi Źj žû ŰŠ Ķ j ļŬ ĵųŰŦ ŶjɋĵŶȨɁb h hğ ğ û i Ġ h û ih h h h ğ üi h i ğ h h ųjۊɾůĭ `j? űŹžjȼŵ űŹɉ ^ĵũb Ϸ ǻ ʼnû ũ Ĭ‹ j j ķ űžj ŰŠ Ĭ‹b h ğ l h i h û i h h hh i û û h i i Š Ɂ Aźm i ɉĵhũ ôǾjq ŰɊh Dź ɉĵŚ űȲů ĽšȨ ūŰųi ɉ‹ Ȕi `źȲhŽ ƭ û h k qh h h ûi ûhh iû û iû Ġ h h i ûh h hûh h h j Űųɉĭjķ Ũń= ŴƗb ĵŶžŰŠ ˏ ^ĵ j ųɉ‹ ŴjŲ ĹšŎ DİŽ űɉb ŷŶjŲ ū û û q h û h ih h h û i ûh h iŠ h h û hğ ğ h h űj Űjšů‹ Ǎj Ĺśŏȵ ÿaIALb űȲžŰŠ ŷƋŧśŔ‹ Ĭ‹ `j? ^ĵũ h û i ûi iğ h û û h i ğ bh ;i m ĵŒh h ȹ ŴŲh ÿŷi ŭ x ŰŠh şjf ŎŠɩh Ĭ‹ űžj ŰɊ Șj İŽ Ĭ‹b ˌűj ŏƠ‹ ô j b û h û h h h ğ h h i h h m i iķĵȋ‹ ğ űi Ȳ Dź žjȩįŽ `= Ājŷŭ j ŰɊi ĹhŽA;h `j? űû Źi žĠ j ȼŵ űû Źi ɉ ^ĵũbh ϸ i Š h i i h h hh ğ k x ğ hh û i kğ k x h h ^A;h bh ƽź Ɋ ^A; ]ŋĻ ĵųjɊ ĹžjŪɅb űȲjɅK ŴjŲ ĹŶžjŭŎ jŷžjȯ ğ q ğ i h Ģh hû i i ûh h iŠh h h i ųɉ‹ ŷŰųj ƕ `bŋɪ `j? űû Ȳů ĹhŽ˗ ūj ɉŠə Ǎj `j? ô ĹŭjɌˁ û h h ğ i i ɉĵŚh Ůh ŕh hŦ ĵųğ hŰhŦ Ϲ ǻj h ŶŲj İû ŲĠ űļŶ i Ŭi i ķ Dź `j? ^ĵũ jIźŶi Ơĭ j hh h h h hh i hûi hğ ŴŲh bh ƴjjk Ų ōh ûɀŰŦ ŷi Ŷjû Ų Bh Ǩ j Ŵųȯ ŋp ŹŶjķ űȲžj ŰļĸŲ Ĭ‹ ğ k h i hhh û m j Ų ÿŷi ğŵjıhŦ ŷi ųû šh śû Ȭh űû ůğ Ȯ‹ Ŵj Ųh ƅj? ƴj Āj ôaʼnj žh j Ȩ ˬŦŋû ţ [Ǜ q h ğ iû l i h h h Łh ĵųğ hŰhŦ űû Źi Ŷjû Ųk Ɔžj h ȑ‹ğ bh źh Ÿi ÿiaLh bĵ ŴŽj Űũ ƅj? ŷŶjŲ AźɅǬ ô j Ŧ û h hh h l i h l h i Āj ôajIźŶi Łi bh DźɉĵhƎj _h źû hȎ‹ ĵhȍ ĹũĵŚh ƅ Aźɉĵũ ÿŷi šh Ųh AźŶi ŲAh ;h h h ğh h i h ğ h h ğ l ih h Ĺg Űžj Űũ pĹĴjh Ŧ ŴjŲk űȱ jĬ‹ AźŪŠʄŲĠ űŹi ȫɁ `źŶĠ ŞȬh ŴŽj ȑ‹ ^ĵũ h ğ h h i ğ h ğ û üh h h q h û h h h h ǚŠɻů‹ ĵųğ ɉbh Ϻ ŴɆ şŲ Ĭ‹b ñjĬ‹ `j JjıjȨ CǞjĿŬ ĹĴj Ŧ ĺĸŰţ jj h û û mhğh l i h h i hj l i hh q û Ŕh ĵŶh žû hŰŠh T ŋj Ŧ= ĵŶɅK Aźɉĵũ Āj ajIźŶi Łi bh DźɉĵƠ AbLŋķ ˊǚ h h û hû hh hû i h hh hû û khh h ŋŧj Š ʃ ϻ ŴɆ ů‹ _j źû Ūů‹ ȇ ĵŵDz ŵ‹b ĵŶŲAʼnũ= ĺjĸȪb j û h h i h i i h hhhh ğ i i ğ ŷi Š ƋhĻA;h bh Dź Ĭ‹ ɉĵŁ IÿbAI ŮļȰb jĬ‹ `j JjıjȨ űŸźɊi Ōh Źh ȯ ğh h û û ûh h h m h ğ h û û jĬ‹ şi ȯI ƅźû ɉbh ñ ;i ĵŒhȹ ĵųjğ Ɋ ÿŷi ųh ŰŠbh Ĺųh ŭj ơ‹bh ūŰųi ɉ‹

when combat was prescribed upon them, they turned away, except for a few of them. For Allah is All-Knowing of the unjustpl. 247 Thus their prophet said to them, “Indeed, Allah has sent you Taluta as a king.” They said, “How can he have authority over us when we are more worthy of authority than he, for he was not brought abundance of wealth?” He said, “Allah has chosen him over you and has increased him in knowledge and build.” Thus Allah brings His authority to whomever He wills, for Allah is All-Embracing, All-Knowing. 248 And their prophet said to them, “Indeed, the sign of his authority is that the arkb shall come to you with tranquility from your Lord, and relics left by Moses’s folk and Aaron’s folk. (It shall be) carried by the angels. In that is a sign for you, if you have been believers.” 249 So when Taluta set out with the troops, he said, “Allah will indeed be testing you with a river. So whoever drinks from it does not belong with me, but whoever does not taste it does belong with me—except for whoever scoops up a scoopfulc with his hand.” Yet they drank from it, except for a few of them. Then when he had crossed it together with those who had attained faith with him, they said, “We have no strength to face Galutd and his troops today.” Those expecting to meet Allah said, “How many a small battalion has overcome a large battalion by Allah’s leave, for Allah is with the patient ones.” 250 And when they confronted Galutd and his troops, they said, “Our Lord, pour down patience upon us and strengthen our foothold and support us against the denying people.” 251 So they defeated them by Allah’s leave when David killed Galut d , and Allah brought him authority and wisdom and taught him as He willed. And were it not for Allah repellinge some people by means of others, the earth would indeed become corrupted, but Allah is Gracious to all realms. 252 Those are Allah’s signsf which We read to you in truth, for you are most surely one of the emissaries. 253 Those messengers—we favored some of them over others of them: to some of them Allah spoke (directly), and





Saul. b Of the covenant. Qc Nafieʻ, Ibn Kathir, Abu ʻAmr and Abu Jaʻfar read it as: “. . . scoops up a (single) scoop with his hand.” d Goliath. Qe Nafieʻ, Abu Jaʻfar and Yaʻqub read it as: “And were it not for Allah strongly repelling some people . . .” f The Arabic word used is ayat (singular ayah). Ayah means ‘sign’ or ‘proof’. It is also used to denote the unit of text in the Qur’an, like ‘verse’ in poetry or ‘sentence’ in prose. Each such unit is considered a ‘sign’ from God. a

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i h ğ ğ Šh h i h û h û h û h hğ bJ Ĭ ‹ ŴȲ j ɧb P˱Ɓ‹ D j ʼnŏh ŧů Ŗp šĸh j ķ űŹi ŘšȨh Mĵğȍ‹ hh û h h h h h i h ğ i Šh h h û h ųhۊɿh ûů‹ ȇ Ůg ŘŦ ūžû ŰŠ ĵŸźŰļû ȫ jĬ‹ ĺ ɔA; ūŰj Ļ ϼ ǻ j û ğ h i Ġ h û h ğ k hû h ŰŎh ŋû ųi û ɉ‹ Ŵh ųhɉ ū ĵŶh ŰŘŦ ŮŎi ŋɉ‹ ūŰj Ļø Ͻ ǻj ŵ˯ Ũ ˏ j ơĭjķ j h iğ hğh ğ iûk h û h Š h h űû Źi Řh šû Ȩh űû Źi Řšû Ȩh şh ȯKh bh ðĬ ‹ űǿ ŴŲ űŹŶjŲ Ŗ ˎ p šȨ ȇ h h h hh h û hûh h û h ŷi Šɓʼnû ğŽɁbh ĺ j Šɰjžk hȊ‹ űh Ɇh ŋû Ɋ Ŵh Ȩ‹ ƿɀjŠ ĵŶɀĻA;h bh ĺ ˏ p Š ɕKI û h iğ hm h ûh h i i û j ŋi ķ h ȑ‹ğ Ůh ļh ļh Ȱ‹ űjŸʼnj šû Ȩh Ŵü Ųj ŴŽj ĵŲ Ĭ‹ ;ĵő źɉb M ˍ j ʼnŪů‹ Gb j û l h m h h i û i Šɰh žk hȊ‹ űi Źi ȩû ;h ĵŁh ĵŲh ʼnj šû Ȩh Ŵü Ųj k űŹi Ŷû ųj Ŧ AźŧŰļh ҋ Ŵj Ȳ j Š ɧbh ĺ j l i hh û h iğ hm h ûh h h h h AźŰļļȰ‹ ĵŲ Ĭ‹ ;ĵő źɉb ô ŋŧȱ ŴŲğ űŹi Ŷjû Ųbh Ŵh ŲAh ;h Ŵû Ųğ lm i h h h ğ h Ġh h i ŋiŽ ĵŲh Ůi šh ŧû Ȭh Ĭ‹ h ğ Ŵğ Ȳ Š ɧh bh Ģ Ͼ ʼnɆ AźŶŲA; ŴŽjȑ‹ ĵŹȬɂʑ j j ğ x ûh h ûh h ûh k i hûh h ğ l i h x û h jŷžjȯ şžȨ ƅ _źŽ ƫj įŽ `= Ůj ĸȰ ŴjŲ űȲŠɰũLK ĵųjɊ AźŪjŧŵ= h i Š ğ i i h i Š h û h x h Šh h h h x ğ i h h i ğ ‹ Ͽ `ź Ĭ ųj Űɾů‹ űŸ `bŋjŧʃů‹b ñ Ĺšʁő ƅb ĹŰŇ ƅb ği x û h h h x h i i i û h h i Ġ h û Ġ h û h i ğ h Š h m h ÿȔ ô _źŵ ƅb ĹŶjŎ ÿaŊŇįĻ ƅ ô _źžŪů‹ ƻů‹ źŸ ƅj? ŷɧj? ƅ hû h h Š ʆh Š ʅh ŏɉ‹ h Š şi ŧh Œû h ȹ djȑ‹ğ AJh ŴŲh P˱ ğ Ǎ ĵŲh ÿm iaʼnŶj j ˍ j Ɓ‹ Ǎj ĵŲb D j h h û h i i h û i h h hh û û hûh h ihû h û ğ `źśžj Ƙ ƅb ðűŹŧŰŇ ĵŲb űŹj ŽjʼnŽɁ ǻȨ ĵŲ űŰšȬ ĀjôŷjŵJjıjȨ ƅj? h h h ğ ŷi žjĠ Ŏŋû Ŭi şjh Ŏbh ;h m ĵőh ĵųh ķ ƅğ ? mĀjŷųûŰjŠ Ŵjû Ųk ;ǀ D j Š ʆŠʅŏɉ‹ p û jȵ ô j j j h h hû h û mh i i Şj šh ûů‹ ǔ Ġ j šh ů‹ źh Ÿi bh ô ĵųh Źi Şi ŧû ń ƅ Ѐ űž j ÿiaIźnZi hŽ ƅbh P˱ ð Ɓ‹b h kh û h i û Ġ h ğhğ h i û k h hû ŋû ŧȲhŽ Ŵųh ȯ ônj j ů‹ ŴjŲ ʼnőŋɉ‹ ǻȼĻ ʼnũ ˌŴŽj j Ȑ‹ Ǎj aAŋŬj? û û h h ûh û hh ğ i ğ û Š h Ȫû źi ɉ‹ j Cbh ŋû ši ůĭjķ ū ǐ ŏųļŎ‹ ʼnj Ūȯ jĬĭjķ Ŵü Ųj İɆi bh Dź j ŤŠɽůĭjķ h ŕh ŧŵ‹ ƅh i ğ Ё űžj i ğ bh ñĵŹh h ɉ _ĵ f ųj Ŏh Ĭ‹ h ȑ‹ğ ȠĠ bh Ĭ‹ f ŰŠh şž ŴŽj j j lm i h h h ğ h Ġ h ûi l ih hi Ġ k Abŋŧȱ ŴŽjȑ‹b ˌjKźȍ‹ Ǔj? ĺ j Š ʅŰŞů‹ Ŵjh Ų űŹi Łi ŋj ƞ AźŶŲA;h Ġ h h i ûi i iŠ ğ i i imh ûh h iŰŞů‹ k űŹi ȫź Ġ h Š ĺ ʅ Ǔ ? Kź ȍ‹ Ŵj Ų Łŋj ƞ DźŤɽů‹ űŸ>ĵȎj b= j j ˍj h h h h h i Šh h û i ğ i Šh û h h Ģhli Ǔj? ŋh Ļ űû ɉɁ Ђ `bȒ j ɗ ĵŹžjȯ űŸ ˌjKĵȍ‹ ĶɳŔ= ūjɌʤb= ğ h h û h û iû iğ iŠ h h û h m k h h hû ğ m h ^ĵũ Jj? ūŰųɉ‹ Ĭ‹ ŷƋĻA; `= ĀjŷjɅK Ǎj űāZjŸŠɷķj? Fĵń djȑ‹

some of them He elevated by degrees. And Wea brought Jesus, son of Mary, the evident proofs, and We aided him with the Holy Spirit. And had Allah willed, those who succeeded them would not have fought one another after the evident proofs had come to them, but they disputed—for some of them attained faith and some of them denied. For had Allah willed, they would not have fought one another, but Allah does what He wants. 254 O you who have attained faith, spend from what We have provided for you before there comes a day in which there is neither trading nor close friendship nor intercession, for the deniers are the unjust. 255 Allah—there is no god but He, the Living, the AllSustaining. Neither slumber overtakes Him nor sleep. To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth. Who is it who can intercede with Him except by His leave? He knows what is before them and what is behind them, and they do not encompass any of His knowledge except according to what He wills. His knowledgeb has embraced the heavens and the earth, and their preservation does not fatigue Him, for He is the All-High, the Great. 256 (There shall be) no compulsion in religion; prudence has henceforth become distinct from delusion. So whoever denies false masters and attains faith in Allah, then he has truly grasped the firmest handhold which never fractures. For Allah is All-Hearing, All-Knowing. 257 Allah is the Ultimate Guardian of those who have attained faith; He brings them out of the darkness(es) into the light, while those who have denied—their guardians are the false masters; they bring them out of the light into the darkness(es). Those are the fellows of the Fire; therein they abide. 258 Have yousg not seen the one who debated Abrahamc about his Lord— that Allah had given him authority? Recall when Abrahamc said, “My Lord is the One Who gives life and causes death.” He said, “I give life and cause death.” Abrahamc said, “But surely, Allah brings the sun from the East, so you bring it from the West.” Thus the denier was confounded, for Allah does not guide the unjustpl. 259 Or like the one who  and it was completely devastated passed by a town upon its trellises. He said, “How can Allah revive



A grammatical shift from 3rd person to 1st person. Literally ‘His seat’. Qc Though pronounced in Arabic as Ibrahim, Hisham and Ibn Zekwan in one of his narrations read it as: “Abraham”. a

b

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i ųj Ɇi bh Āƻû iŽ djȑ‹ğ ȗ i Ųi=bh ĀƸû i= ú ĵhŵɁh ^ĵh hũ ĺž h k Kh űi āZjŸŠɷh ûķj? ðĺžj j j j ûh û h ğ ğ û hû h ğ h h û i hû h h D j įŦ \j Ǭ j ųɉ‹ ŴjŲ ōj ųŒɉĭjķ ƫj įŽ Ĭ‹ `jıŦ űāZjŸŠɷķj? ^ĵũ ğ h ih h iğ h h h h û hû h h djʼnŹû Ȭh ƅ Ĭ‹ b ñ ŋŧȱ djȑ‹ ĺ Źj ĸȯ B j ŋj Ťųɉ‹ ŴjŲ ĵŹjķ ğ h h f h h h h û h Šh h ğ h ğ hû hû h ųjۊɾů‹ ĹɆh jbĵŇ Ǘ j b Ĺp Ɇŋũ ȇ ŋɊ djȑĭŬ bû = Ѓ ǻ _źŪů‹ j h h ğ h h h i i Šh h h h i ğ j aŊj Šɪh Āƻû iŽ ƭ ŷi ĻĵŲh įŦ ðĵŹjh Ļźû Ɋh ʼnh šû Ȩh Ĭ‹ j Š Ɂ ^ĵũ ĵŹjőbŋŠ ȇ h h h ihh h ğ i h hhl iğ h Ŀû Ȋh űû ȱ i Ŀû Ȋh ^ĵh hũ ðĺ ĵŲe źû hŽ ĺ ^ĵũ ÿð ŷĿšȨ űȪ ˉp ȕ ĹijĵjŲ Ĭ‹ j j h h h Šh û i h h h h l h û ğ h h h û h h û h û h ūjɊĵšŚ Ǔj? ŋŞŵĭŦ ˉp ȕ ĹijĵjŲ ĺĿjȊ Ůķ ^ĵũ ˌpˉźŽ ŖšȨ b= q h h û h h h h j Šh û i h û ğ h h h û h h h h h ĹhŽA;h ūŰšh ł jȍb ]jKĵƧ Ǔj? ŋŞŵ‹b ðŷŶŏȽŽ űɉ ūjķAǨb h û h i h i i hûh j h û h û i h ğ k ĵŸźŏi Ȳŵ űğ Ȫ ĵŸǭȿ j ŵ ťžŬ _ĵŞjšů‹ Ǔj? ŋŞŵ‹b Mĵ ˌ j ŶŰj ů k i Šh h h ğ ğ h i h û h h h i h h ğ h h ğ h h q ûh x ʼnhũ ;p ƾ û h ȁ Ĭ‹ `= űŰŠ= ^ĵũ ÿȔ ǻȼĻ ĵųŰŦ ô ĵųơ ŋŽj j ȇ h k h h h h û hû ûi hûh û i āZjŸŠɷh ûķ? ^ĵh hũ J˯ Š źųɉ‹ ƻ ^ĵũ ˌȘ Ļ ť ž Ŭ Ț K = B K ű Є j j j jj h k û h h h h û i h h h h h ûi ŊňŦ ^ĵũ ˌƱj Űũ Ŵğ j Ɍųh śû hȎj ŴȲ j Š ɧbh ǔŠ hķ ^ĵũ ˌŴŲj İĻ űû ɉbh = k i Šh h û h û ğ i h û h ğ i û i h û ğ h k q h h û h Ůp ĸh Łh ȁ j ȇ ŮšŁ‹ űȪ ūȎj? ŴŸDzŦ Ǟ j śů‹ ŴjŲ ĹšɅK= û h û h qû h h h h ğ i i û ği qû i ğ iûk h ğ ‹ `ğ = űû hŰŠ‹ Ĭ b ô ĵžšŎ ūŶɀj ĻįŽ ŴŹȭI‹ űȪ ˊ;ŌŁ ŴŹŶjŲ h i i h ğ ihğ h Ǎ űû Źi h ɉŠ ʆh Ųû h= `ź x ŭńh ŌɆ f ŌŠh Ůž ȼ Ŏ ŪjŧŶŽ ŴŽjȑ‹ ŮĿŲ Ѕ űžj j j j j h h h hû h û hh h ğh hh h ğ ihl k hi i ki ĹijĵjŲ pĹŰĸ˪Ŏ ȁ j Ǎj ŮjķĵŶŎ şĸŎ ĺļĸ˩= Ĺg ĸń Ůj ĿųŬ jĬ‹ i ğ bh ;i m ĵŒh h ȹ Ŵųjh ɉ ťi jšŠɼh iŽ Ĭ i ğ ‹bh ˍĹĸğ ńh f ŰŠh şjf ŎŠɩh Ĭ‹ І űžj p ô h m h h i ûi h ğ i ğ h û ih h û h i i h ğ ĵŲ `źšjĸȽŽ ƅ űȪ jĬ‹ Ůž j j ȼŎ Ǎj űŹɉŠʆŲ= `źŪjŧŶŽ ŴŽjȑ‹ f h h h h h Š űû Ÿi ŋi Łû h= űû Źi ğ ɉ cJq h= mƅh bh ĵŶkq Ųh l AźŪi ŧŵ [źû Ň ƅbh űû Źj j Ʌk Kh ʼnŶj = hh x iû ğ xûh h i ûh i h xǞû Ňh fCŋh jŧŤû Ųh bh [b ŋšŲ ^źũø Ї `źŵŌh Ƙ űû Ÿ ƅbh űû Źj žû ŰŠ h h i ğ ‹bh cJq h= m ĵŹh ši ĸh ûȽhŽ Ĺhũʼnh Ŕh ŴjŲk x Űńh ƴ Ğ ţh Ĭ Ģ Ј űžj ĵŹh ȬĠ ɂʑ p ñ j hû h k hû h l l i h h i Š h h ih ûi h ȑ‹ğ Š JƁ‹b Ŵųɉĭjķ űȲ c j ļɥʼnŔ AźŰśj ĸȩ ƅ AźŶŲA;h ŴŽj j ğ h mh ih h i i ğ i ûi hh h û bh jĬĭ j ğȍ‹ ;h ĵijjK ÿȔĵ _j źû Ȏ‹ Ų ŨjŧŶŽ djȑĭŬ j ķ ŴjŲİŽ ƅb Mĵ

this after its death?” Thereupon Allah caused him to die for a hundred years and then resurrected him. He said, “For how long have you tarried?” He said, “I have tarried for a day or part of a day.” He said, “Rather, you have tarried for a hundred years. And look at your food and your drink—it has not spoiled—and look at your donkey. And We will make you a sign for mankind. And look at the bones—how We assemblea them, then clothe them with flesh.” So when it became evident to him, he said, “I knowb that Allah is All-Powerful over everything.” 260 And recall when Abrahamc said, “My Lord, show me how You revive the deadpl.” He said, “Have you not attained faith?” He said, “Yes indeed, but that my heart may become serene.” He said, “So take four birds and bend them towards youd, then place on every mountain a part of them, then call them and they will come to you, running. And know that Allah is Almighty, All-Wise.” 261 The parable of those who spend their wealths in the way of Allah is that of a grain that has germinated seven ears; in each ear are a hundred grains. For Allah multiplies for whom He wills. And Allah is All-Embracing, All-Knowing. 262 Those who spend their wealths in the way of Allah and then do not follow up what they have spent with any remindere or any harm—their reward is with their Lord, and no fearf shall be upon them nor shall they grieve. 263 A kind word and forgiveness are better than a donation followed by hurtfulness. For Allah is SelfSufficient, Forbearing. 264 O you who have attained faith, do not nullify your donations with reminders and hurtfulness, like one who spends his wealth for show in front of people and does not believe in Allah and the Last Day. His likeness is that of a smooth rock with dust upon it, then a heavy rain struck it and left it bare. Theyg have no power to retain anything of what they have earned. For Allah does not guide the denying people. 265 And the parable of those who spend their wealths seeking Allah’s pleasure and the affirmation of their (inner) selves is that of a garden on a hilltop struck by





Nafieʻ, Ibn Kathir, Abu ʻAmr, Abu Jaʻfar and Yaʻqub read it as: “. . . how We revivify them,” Qb Hamza and Al-Kesa’i read it as: “So when it became evident to him, He said, “Know that . . .” Qc Though pronounced in Arabic as Ibrahim, Hisham and Ibn Zekwan in one of his narrations read it as: “Abraham”. d According to Ibn ʻAbbas and other exegetes, ‘bend them’ is a metaphor for ‘cut them’. e Of their generosity. Qf Yaʻqub read it as: “. . . and no fear shall ever be upon them nor shall they grieve.” g A grammatical shift from singular to plural. Qa

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hh x i h h x hû h hh h iihhh ŮjķAbh ÿŷi hķĵŔh įŦ BAŋh Ļ jŷžû ŰŠ `A g źŧŔ Ůj ĿųŬ ÿŷŰĿųȯ ˌjŋjŇ˖‹ h i ğ h l i h h ğ k û h Šh h h i û h ğ qû h i h h h h ƅĬ ‹b Aźñ ĸŏŬ ĵųjɊ ;p ƾ ȇ `bKjʼnŪȬ ƅ ðˑȒŔ ÿŷȡǛȯ h h h i h û hû hû h ȑ‹ğ Ůi Ŀh Ųh bh Љ ŴɆ h ŋjŧŠʃ ů‹ _źŪů‹ djʼnŹû Ȭh űi Źi ɉŠʆh Ųû = `źŪjŧŶiŽ ŴŽj j i h h h ğ h h mh û q ĸûȾhĻbh jĬ‹ Ĺģ Ŷğ Łh Ůj Ŀųh Ŭ űû Źj jŏŧŵ= Ŵjû Ųk ĵļɀ Dĵ j ŗŋû Ɋ ;h ĵŤjļķ‹ j ğ h ûhû h i i û h hh x h hh h h hûh h űû ů `jıŦ ǻ ĵ Ź Űȱ= ĺĻĵnZŦ ŮjķAb ĵŹȨĵŔ= ˅g źɅŋjķ ŧ š ŗ j j h h i h û h h i ğ h xk h h x h h û i Ġ f ŕj hķ `ź Iźh hŽɁ Њ Ǟ Űųšȩ ĵųjķ Ĭ‹b ñ Ůśȯ ŮjķAb ĵŹĸŕj Ž h ğ k x ğ h ih h i h h û i i h h û h ûh h djŋƏ Bĵ p Ŷȭ=b Ůžj p Ɲ ŴjŲ ĹŶŁ ÿȔ `źȲĻ `= űȱʼnń= h h i hûh û h ûh ki iŷhķĵŔh =bh D h i Šj ɷh ųh ğȌ‹ ȁ j ŴjŲ ĵŹžjȯ ÿȔ ŋŠʇŵƁ‹ ĵŹjļƕ ŴjŲ h Ŕh hįhŦ ;i m ĵŧh šh ŗi xĹɆğ Kk Ji ÿȔi h bh ǚj i h ŭûů‹ xKĵhŵ jŷžjȯ xKĵŕh Šû ? m ĵŹh Ȩĵ j j i ğ h h Šh i h i ğ i k h i h Šh h û h h h û h ûűȲ i Űšů ĺ j ɔ˖‹ űȲů Ĭ‹ ǻj ȼŽ ūj ɉɶŬ ñĺũǛńĭŦ l i h l ih h ğ h Ġh h h i ğ hhh h Ģ Ћ `b ŋŭŧļȩ ĵŲh ĺ ȑ‹ ĵŹȬɂʑ j Šɭjžk Śh ŴjŲ AźŪjŧŵ= Aźm ŶŲA;h ŴŽj h û k i h h û û h m ğ h û iû h h l i ğhh hh Aźųųžȩ ƅb P˱ ˌ j Ɓ‹ Ŵjh Ų űȲů ĵŶŁŋh Ň= ĵųjɊb űļȼŏŬ l i ûi h mğ h h i i û h hû AźŘųj Ťȩ `= ƅj? jŷŽjŊŇ j ˲ űļi ŏû ɉbh `źŪjŧŶĻ ŷi ŶjŲ ĽžjĸƢ‹ ğ û h i f Ƨh ƴ h ğ `ğ h= l Aźm ųi hŰŠ‹ Ğ ţh Ĭ‹ űi ȱʼni šj hŽ Ŵi Šɽh žû Œɉ‹ Ќ ʼnžj b jŷˏ žjȯ j û q û i i i i hh h ûhû û ŧh ûůĭķ űȱ i ğ bh j;mĵŒh Ņ ŷi Ŷjû Ųk Cŋh jŧŤŲğ űȱʼni jšhŽ Ĭ‹ ŋɊįɆb ŋŪŧů‹ ˌ j û m hh h hh û ûi x h f h iğ h q û hh ô ;i ĵŒȹ ŴŲ Ĺųŭj ơ‹ Șj İŽ Ѝ űžj ŰŠ şjŎŠɩ Ĭ‹b ñ ƆŘŦb m ğ i ğ ğ h h h q h qû h h i û h h h h û û h ûi h h ƅj? ŋŬŊŽ ĵŲb ñˊǞjĿŬ ˊǞŇ Șb j = ʼnŪȯ Ĺųŭj ơ‹ DİŽ ŴŲb h ûh h m hhğ i hh h ûůhƁ‹û l Aźiɉbl i= Š ŴjŲk űĻKû Ŋŵ bû = Ĺg Ūŧȫ ŴjŲk űļi Ūŧŵ= ĵŲh bh Ў Ķ ɭ j h h ğ hh ii ûh hğ ğ h ûğ h û h Š `j? Џ Kĵ g ŕŵ= ŴjŲ ǻųj j ŰɾŰj ɉ ĵŲb ÿñ ŷųŰšȬ Ĭ‹ `jıŦ pKŊŵ m h iû h i ûi h iûi h h ğ l ûi h j ĵųğ jšjŶhŦ ĺ ;h Aŋh Ūŧů‹ ĵŸźĻİĻbh ĵŸźŧƛ `˯ ðǗ j Š ɥʼnŕɉ‹ Abʼni ĸȩ i hk h k i h kh i i ğ xûh ih i ğ bh űû Ȳj Ĭ‹ ñ ĻĵnZjžŎ ŴjŲ űȲŶŠ ŋi ŧj ȲɆbh űô û Ȳů ǞŇ źh Źȯ h h h i ûh ûğ h i h hh Ŵğ Ȳ j Š ɧbh űû Źi Š ƊʼnŸ ūžû ŰŠ ōh ɀůø А xǞjĸŇ `źŰųh šȩ ĵųh j ķ i h h û h û l i i hh im hh h i ûh hğ ûűȲ ô jŏŧŵƂj Ŧ Ǟ p Ň ŴjŲ AźŪjŧŶĻ ĵŲb ñ ;ĵŒȹ ŴŲ djʼnŹȬ Ĭ‹

heavy rain, so it brought forth its crops twofold. And even if no heavy rain strikes it, then light rain )is sufficient(. For Allah is All-Seeing of what you do. Would anyone of you like to have a garden of 266 palms and grapevines under which rivers flow, wherein he has of all kinds of products, but he is afflicted with old age and he has weak offspring— then it was struck with a fiery tornado and was thus burnt? Thus Allah makes the signs evident for youpl, that you may reflect. 267 O you who have attained faith, spend of the good things you have earned and from what We have brought out for you from the earth, and do not pick the nasty of it to give away, whereas you yourselves would not take it unless your eyes were closed to it. And know that Allah is Self-Sufficient, Praiseworthy. 268 Satan promises youpl poverty and commands you to obscenity, while Allah promises you forgiveness from Himself, and grace. For Allah is All-Embracing, All-Knowing. 269 He brings wisdom to whomever He wills, and whoever is broughta wisdom, then he has most surely been brought much good. But none c o n s t a n t l y r e m e m b e r s e xc e p t t h o s e of understanding. 270 Thus whatever expenditure youpl have spent or vow you vow, then indeed Allah knows it. And the unjust have no supporters. 271 If youpl disclose donations, then that is excellent. But if youpl hide them and bring them to the needy, then that is better for you. And He will remitb your evil deeds for you. For Allah is All-Aware of what you do. 272 Their guidance is not yoursg responsibility, but Allah guides whomever He wills. And whatever good you pl spend is to your own benefit. And whatever good you spend shall be to seek Allah’s Countenance. And whatever good youpl spend will be repaid to you in full, for you will not be done injustice. 273 (Donations are) for the poor—those who are detained (for striving) in the way of Allah, unable to travel in the land (for livelihood). Anyone ignorant (of their condition) would think them rich due to their self-restraint. Yousg recognize them by their mark (of poverty) —they do not ask from people insistently. And whatever good youpl spend—Allah is indeed All-Knowing of it. 274 Those who spend their wealths by night and day, secretly and publicly—



Yaʻqub read it as: “. . . and whoever He brings wisdom, then he has most surely been brought much good. Nafieʻ, Hamza, Al-Kesa’i, Abu Jaʻfar and Khalaf read it as: “. . . then that is better for you, and We will (also) remit your evil deeds for you.” Ibn Kathir, Abu ʻAmr, Shuʻba and Yaʻqub read it as: “then that is better for you. And We will remit your evil deeds for you.”

Qa

Qb

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h i i hh ğ û Ňh Ŵjû Ų l AźŪi ŧŶiĻ ĵŲh bh jĬ‹ û bh ;h m ĵŤh ļûķ‹ ƅğ ? `ź Ǟ j ŷ Ł j j ô j ŪjŧŶĻ ĵŲb p h i h û i h û i hh û i ûh ğ hi h ȑ‹ğ j;mAŋh Ūh ŧi ûŰj ɉ Б `ź ųŰŞȩ ƅ űļŵ=b űȲȎj? [źŽ ŴŽj hû h i h ûh h ğ û i= h Ǎ l AbDz û h `ź i j Ɓ‹ Ǎj ĵɅq ǰ P˱ šžśj ļŏȹ ƅ jĬ‹ Ůž ȼ Ŏ ń j j j j h û m û i i Ġ h h û ğ Ŵjh Ų ;h ĵžjh Ŷţ= ŮjŸĵƠ‹ h űi Źi ĸi ŏh ûƘh űû Źi Š ʅž jŏjȵ űŹi ȯŋj šȩ ťj ŧšh ȋ‹ q hû h ğ h i h û h h h ğ ‹ `ğ ıhŦ Ǟû Ňh Ŵjû Ų l AźŪi jŧŶiĻ ĵŲh bh ñĵȯĵ Ĭ ơj? Mĵȍ‹ `źŰnZŏȹ ƅ j p h ğ h h i i h ğ kq j KĵŹh ğȍ‹bh ŮûȎĭķ űŹi ɉŠʆh Ųû = `ź f ŰŠh Ājŷķ ˊǦ Ūŧj ŶŽ ŴŽjȑ‹ В űžj j j j j hh û ûh h fû h hh û kh h û i i û h û ihh qh h h h ƅb űŹj žŰŠ [źŇ ƅb űŹj j ɅK ʼnŶjŠ űŸŋŁ= űŹŰŦ ĹžjȫƆŠb ğ h i ih h lŠhk h i i ûh h ğ h ihûh û i ƅj? `źɊź ŪȬ ƅ AźɅŋɉ‹ j `źŰȱįŽ ŴŽjȑ‹ Г `źŵŌƘ űŸ ğ i ih h h h h k hû h i Š hû ğ i iğ h hh ūj ɉŠə ō ô j ųɉ‹ ŴjŲ ŴɽžŒɉ‹ ŷśĸňļȬ djȑ‹ _źŪȬ ĵųŬ û iğ ğ h hh lŠh k iû i ûhû h ğ lmi h û i ğh _h ŋğ ńh bh şh žû hȊ‹ Ĭ‹ Ůń=b Aźñ Ʌŋɉ‹ j ŮĿjŲ şžȊ‹ ĵųȫj? Aźɉĵũ űŹȫɂjķ hh h h h kğ k x h û h ihm h h h lŠhk Š ļŵĭŦ ĀjŷjɅK ŴŲj ĹŞjŠźɊ ÿa;ĵŁ Ŵųȯ Aźô Ʌŋɉ‹ ĵŲh ÿŷi ŰŦ ǘ j h h hlih h h û hh ğ h mi ûhh hh h h û i ğ i ˌjKĵȍ‹ ĶŠɳŔ= ūjɌʤĢ bįŦ Iȕ ŴŲb ðjĬ‹ Ǔj? ÿaŋɊ=b ťŰŎ h h ğ h i Šh h û i i ğ Ũi Ņh ųû Ȭh Д `b û i h l h k Ĭ‹ ĺ Ȓj ɗ ĵŹžjȯ űŸ ˍ j Š ɥʼnŕɉ‹ ȗj ŋɆb AźŠ Ʌŋɉ‹ j h l i h h l ih h h ğ ğ ğ h ği Ġ i h iğ h AźŰųj Šb AźŶŲA; ŴŽjȑ‹ `j? Е ˈžj g Ȫ= Kĵ g ŧŬ ȁ ĶjƘ ƅ Ĭ‹b i h h h h ğ lih h h hŠh ğ l i hhh Šh Š ğ űû Ÿŋi Łû = űû Źi ɉ CźŠ ŬŌɉ‹ AźĻA;b CźŰŕɉ‹ AźɊĵũ=b ĺ j ɳj Űɻů‹ h h h h f h h ihû û i h û û h h h Š Ģ h Ж `ź ĵŹh ȬĠ ɂʑ ŵŌƘ űŸ ƅb űŹj žŰŠ [źû Ň ƅbh űû Źj j Ʌk Kh ʼnŶj i Ŭi `? l AźĢ Ʌh ŋɉ‹ h ğ l AźŪi ȩ‹ğ l AźŶi ŲAh ;h ŴŽj h ȑ‹ğ k h h hķ ĵŲh l AbKi Jh bh Ĭ‹ űļŶ j j ŴjŲ ǐ j û ğ h ŶŲj İû ŲĠ û hƔj l AźiŵJh įhŦ l AźiŰšh ŧû ȩh űû ůğ `ıhŦ З ǻj ŋ jĬ‹ Ŵjh Ųk B j p h i i û i hh û iûi ûh h i h j Ŏi Kh bh ;i K űȲŰŦ űļȼĻ `˯ ĀjðȔź `źųji ŰŞȩ ƅ űû Ȳj ůŠʆh Ųû = Mb h ih ûi hh h h ɀû Ųh ǓŠ h ? Cf ŋh Şj Ŷh ȯh p ˅Ǫ h û Ši bJi `h ǽh `˯ И `ź ųŰŞȩ ƅb ˏ p ˅Ǫ j l iğ h h h h i i i ğ h l i h h AźŪȩ‹b Й `źųi Űšû ȩ űû ļŶ Ŭ `j? űû Ȳů xǞû Ň Aźũʼnğ ŕh Ļ `=bh Ġ i Šğ h i ğ i ğ h h i û ĸh ŏh Ŭh ĵŲğ ōŧû ȫh ȁ ĺ ȝźĻ űȪ ðjĬ‹ Ǔj? jŷžjȯ `źši Łh ŋû Ļ ĵŲq źû hŽ p h h h ih ûi h û ih i hŽAʼnh hĻ AJh ? l Aźm Ŷi ŲAh ;h ŴŽj h ȑ‹ğ ĵŹh ȬĠ ɂʑ Ģ К `ź űļȿ ųŰŞȬ ƅ űŸb j

their reward is with their Lord, and no feara shall be upon them nor shall they grieve. 275 Those who devour usury cannot standb except as does one who is being beaten by Satan into insanity. That is because they said, “Trade and usury are certainly the same.” But Allah has permitted trade and has forbidden usur y. Thus, to whomsoever an admonition came from his Lord, so he refrained (from usury) —then his past earnings belong to him and his matter rests with Allah. Yet whoever reverts—then thosec are the fellows of the Fire; therein they abide. 276 Allah eliminates usury and He makes donations grow, for Allah does not love every sinning relentless denier. 277 Indeed, those who have attained faith and have done righteous deeds and have established the prayer and have broughtd the purifying charitye —their reward is with their Lord, and no feara shall be upon them nor shall they grieve. 278 O you who have attained faith, be mindful of Allah and leave aside what has remained of usury, if you are believers. 279 But if youpl do not, then be informedf of a war from Allah and His Messenger. Yet if you repent, then your capitals belong to you— (thus) you do no injustice, and you are not done injustice. 280 But if heg has hardship, then deferment until a time of ease. But to donateh it is better for youpl, if you only knew. 281 And be mindful of a dayi when youpl are returnedj to Allah, then the earnings of every single self are rendered in full to it, for theyk are not done injustice. O you who have attained faith, when you transact 282 a debt for a stated term, write it down. And have a scribe write between you, in fairness. And let no scribe refuse to write as Allah has taught him. So let him write, and let the one upon whom is the duty of paymentg dictate. And let him be mindful of Allah, his Lord, and defraud nothing of it. But if the

Yaʻqub read it as: “. . . and no fear shall ever be upon them nor shall they grieve.”  On the Day of Resurrection. c  A grammatical shift from singular to plural. d The Qur’an always uses verb ‘to bring’ rather than verb ‘to give’ in association with charity; this should be pondered by the reader. e The Arabic word used is zakāt, which denotes purification and growth. Qf Shuʻba and Hamza read it as: “. . . then inform (everyone) of a war . . .” g The debtor. h To waive it as charity. i Literally ‘guard yourselves against a day’. Qj Abu ʻAmr and Yaʻqub read it as: “. . . when you return to Allah . . .” k A grammatical shift from 2nd person to 3rd person. Qa b

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SURAH 2- AL-BAQARAH

i h û ğ i û h û h i i i û h kq h Ġ h h Ģ h û h ü i Ļǽh űû Ȳ Ķj Ŷɀķ ĶļŭȎb ôaźĸļȱĭŦ ǖŏŲ Ůp Ł= Ǔj? Ŵg Žʼnjķ û h h f h h ûh hh û hû h ļi Ȳ i ğ ŷi ųh Űğ Šh ĵųh Ŭh Ķ Ĭ‹ Ž `= Ķj Ļǽ BįŽ ƅb ˏ ^j ʼnšůĭjķ ô h û hûh û ļi ŭ h ğ Ũļğ hȎû bh ŨĠ ơ‹ h û jŷžû Űh Šh djȑ‹ğ Ůj Űųû iȎû bh Ķ žŰŦ ƅbh ÿŷi Ʌğ Kh Ĭ‹ j j hû e h Ġ û û h h h ûh h jŷžŰŠ djȑ‹ğ `h ǽh `ıhŦ ô ĵnZq žû őh ŷi Ŷjû Ų ōû ň b= ĵŹžjŧŎ Ũơ‹ ĸȬ j h h û û ûh i ğ i e h ûhû i i śj ļh ŏû h ȹ ƅh bû = ĵŧž šj ŗ ˏ^j ʼnšůĭjķ ÿŷȎĠ j bh Ůj Űųži ŰŦ źh Ÿ Ůųj Ž `= şž ğ h i h i h Źőh l Abʼni ŹŒû hȽŎ‹ û bh ĵŵźȲhŽ űû ů `jıŦ ðűû Ȳj ůĵŁh jKk ŴjŲ Ŵj ûŽʼnž j j h mh h Ġ h û h ûh ğ hhh û h x i hh ûh i h h j `= ;AʼnŹŒɉ‹ ŴjŲ `źŗŋĻ ŴųjɊ `ĵ j ĻɁŋɊ‹b ŮŁŋŦ ǻ j ŰŁK ûh h h i û k h h h i h û h i h i h û ğ j hĻ h û BįŽ ƅbh c ô Š ŋŇƁ‹ ĵųŹŠƊʼnńj? ŋjŬŊļȯ ĵųŹŠƊʼnńj? ŮŘ h e h i ii û h h l i h ûh hh l i i h h mh h Ġ bû = AǞ jŤŔ aźĸļȲĻ `= Aźm ųnZŏȶ ƅb Aźô ŠI ĵŲ AJj? ;i AʼnŹŒɉ‹ h h e h ûh ğ h ûh i h ğ Ģ j ? AǞjĸŬ j Cʼnh Š ʇh ŒŰj ɉ _i źh ũ=bh jĬ‹ ʼnŶjŠ ři ŏh ũ= űû Ȳj ůŠə ĀjôŷjŰŁh = Ǔ h i i qh h ehŠh h i h h m ğ lmi h ûh ğh Ģh ûhh ĵŹh ȫbŋŽj ʼnĻ Cǰĵ j ń Cŋɲj Ļ `źȲĻ `= ƅj? AźķĵĻŋĻ ƅɁ ƭI=b lm i û hh h ii û h ğh f h i û i ûh h h ûhh û i hûh AbʼnŹj ő=b ñĵŸźĸļȲĻ ƅɁ GĵŶŁ űȲžŰŠ ōɀŰŦ űȲŶɀķ l ih ûh x h hh x h ğ h i hh ûiûh hh h AźŰšŧȩ `˯ ʼnž ô Źj ő ƅb Ķj Ļǽ KĮŘŽ ƅb űô ļšȬĵĸȩ AJj? i khi hğ l iğ i üi i i i ğ h i ğ bh Ĭ‹ iğ Ĭ‹ ñ űi Ȳųi j ŰšɆbh ðĬ‹ AźŪȩ‹bh ñűû Ȳjķ \źŏŦ ÿŷŵjıŦ l i h û h h h h Šh h û i i x h û h ki AbʼnƏ j űɉb ŋp ŧŎ ȇ űļŶŬ `˯ø Л űžj ŰŠ ;g ƾ Ůj Ȳjķ h û h x h û h h h k h ûh q i i Ij İži ŰŦ ĵŘšû Ȩh űȲŘšû Ȩh Ŵjh Ų= `jıŦ ð Ĺŗźĸi ŪŲğ Ŵx Šɪŋj Ŧ ĵĸjq Ļǽ ğ û l iiû h hh iğh hğ iû hh AźųļȲĻ ƅb ÿñ ŷɅK Ĭ‹ Ũj ļğ hȎbh ÿŷi ļh Ŷh Š ɨ= Ŵh ųj Ļ>‹ djȑ‹ û h h h h h Šh ğ i ğ ‹bh ÿñ ŷi ĸi ûŰhũ űjx ľA;h ÿm ŷi ğŵıhŦ ĵŹh ųû ļi Ȳ Ž ŴŲb ô CʼnʇŒɉ‹ ĵųh j ķ Ĭ j hû h ihûh h h Š ʆh Š ʅh ŏɉ‹ ğ Ǎ ĵŲh jĬğ j k М űžj x ŰŠh `ź P˱ Űųšȩ j ˍ j Ɓ‹ Ǎj ĵŲb D j h h i m h l iûi i û hi i iûi û û i i ğ jŷķ űȲ ĸjŎĵƘ aźŧƛ b= űȲ jŏŧŵ= Ǎ ðĬ‹ j ĵŲ Abʼnĸȩ `˯ j k i Šh h i ğ h i m h h h i k h i h i m h h h i û h h û h ȁ ;p ƾ Ĭ‹b ñ ;ĵŒȹ ŴŲ BjŊšɆb ;ĵŒȹ Ŵųj ɉ ŋŧj Ťžȯ j ȇ h h i mh i i ğ h h h f h ĀjŷjɅk Kğ ŴjŲ jŷûȎj? ^Ōŵ j = ĵųjķ ^źŎŋɉ‹ ŴŲA; Н ŋŽjʼnũ i h Ģh h h ğ h h h Ği h i û iû h ĀjŷjŰŎi Ki bh Ājŷjĸļi ȡbh ĀjŷjļŭjɌˁ Ųb jĬĭjķ ŴŲA; ȁ `ź ô ŶjŲİųɉ‹b

one upon whom is the duty of payment is mentally deficient or weak or unable to dictate, then let his guardian dictate with fairness. And call to witness two of your men, but if the two are not men, then one man and two women from those whom youpl approve of as witnesses—so that if one of them should erra, the other can remind her. And witnesses must not abstain when called upon. And be not averse to writing it down, whether small or large (in value), including its term. That is more just with Allahb and more upright for testimony and more likely to make you not doubt—except in the case of an immediate bargain you conduct among yourselves—for (then) you commit no sin if you do not write it down. But (otherwise) let there be witnesses whenever you trade with one another. And let no harm befall any scribe or witness, for if you ever do so, it shall be ungodliness on your part. And be mindful of Allah, and Allah teaches you, for Allah is All-Knowing of everything. 283 But if youpl are on a journey and cannot find a scribe, then a security should be handed over. But if you trust one another, let the one who was trusted fulfill his trust, and let him be mindful of Allah, his Lord. And do not conceal testimony, for whoever conceals it—indeed, he has a sinful heart. And Allah is AllKnowing of what you do. 284 To Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth. Hence, whether youpl disclose what is within your selves or hide it, Allah calls you to account for it; He then forgives whomever He wills and He punishes whomever He wills, for Allah is AllPowerful over everything. 285 The Messenger has attained faith in what was sent down to him from his Lord, as have the believers. They have all attained faith in Allah and His angels and His scripturesc and His messengers: “We make d no distinction between any of His messengers.” And they said, “We have heard and obeyed. (Grant us) Your forgiveness, our Lord, for to You is the destiny.” 286 Allah does not task any self beyond its capacity. To its credit is what it has earned, and against it is what it has committed. “Our Lord, do  if we forget or make a mistake. not take us to task Our Lord, and do not burden us with a heavy load



Hamza read it as: “…so that in case one of them errs, the other reminds her.” That is more just than oral agreements. Qc Hamza, Al-Kesa’i and Khalaf read it as: “scripture”. Qd Yaʻqub read it as: “He makes no distinction . . .” Qa b

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h hûh i hi h h l i h ðĵŶh šû Śh =bh ĵŶh šû ųj Ŏh Aźɉĵũbh ĀjôŷjŰŎi KĠ ŴjŲk ʼnp ńh = ǻ Ȩ \ŋj k ŧȫ ƅ h ûh iğ ik h h ûh hğh h h h û i i ŕj ųh û ɉ‹ ū ĵŏe ŧȫ Ĭ‹ ťj ŰȲiŽ ƅ О Ǟ Ȏ˯ ĵŶɅK ūŵAŋŧȮ h h h û h h h h hh h h û i ğ û û ĸh ŏh hȽȱ‹ ĵŲh ĵŹh žû ŰŠbh ĺ ĸŏŬ ĵŲ ĵŹɉ ô ĵŹšŎb ƅj? ƅ ĵŶh Ʌğ Kh ñĺ û h ğ ȸ `? m ĵhŵŊjû ŇAİh iĻ q û ? m ĵŶh žû hŰŠh Ůû ųj ûƕh ƅh bh ĵŶh Ʌğ Kh ô ĵhŵɂśh Ňû h= bû h= m ĵŶɀjŏ ˊǮ j j ğ h h h hû khi hh hğh h ûh h h h ĵųh Ŭh h ȑ‹ ȇ ÿŷi ļh ûŰƧ ƅ ĵŲ ĵŶŰųj ƕ ƅb ĵŶɅK ô ĵŶj ŰĸȰ ŴjŲ ŴŽj h hh h ûh û h hh û û h ğ h i û h h h= ôm ĵŶh Ƨ K‹b ĵȍ ŋŧj ţ‹b ĵŶȭ ťȭ‹b Ājðŷjķ ĵhȍ ĹũĵŚh ĵŶh Š Ƌůźû Ɋh ĺŵ h û û hû hh hû i h h ŋjŧŠʃ ů‹ _j źŪů‹ ȇ ĵŵDzŵĭŦ П ŴɆ j

as You burdened those before us. Our Lord, and do not overburden us with what we have no capability for, and pardon us and forgive us and have mercy upon us. You are our Patron, so support us against the denying people.”

3� Imran’s Folk In the name of Allah, the All-Merciful, the Bestower of mercy Alif Lām Mīm. 2 Allah—there is no god but He, the Living, the All-Sustaining. 3 He bestowed upon yousg the Scripture from on high with the truth, confirming what preceded it. And He sent down the Torah and the Gospel 4 previously, as guidance for mankind, and He sent down the Criterion. Indeed, for those who have denied Allah’s signs is a severe punishment, for Allah is Almighty, Capable of vengeance. 5 Indeed, nothing in the earth or in the heaven is hidden from Allah. 6 It is He Who designs youpl in the wombs as He wills. There is no god except He, the Almighty, the All-Wise. 7 It is He Who sent down upon yousg the Scripture. Some of its signs are explicit; they are the foundationa of the Scripture, while others are equivocal. So as for those whose hearts swerve, they follow whatever is equivocal of it, seeking tribulation and seeking its interpretation. But none knows its interpretation except Allah. Thus, those firmly rooted in knowledge say, “We have attained faith in it; all is from our Lord.” But none constantly remembers except those with understanding. 8 “Our Lord, do not cause our hearts to swerve after You have guided us, and bestow upon us mercy from You; indeed, You are the Superb Bestower. 9 “Our Lord, You will certainly gather mankind for a day about which there is no doubt.” Indeed, Allahb never breaks a promise. 10 Those who have denied— certainly, neither their wealth nor their children will avail them anything against Allah, and those are the fuel for the Fire. 11 Like the behavior of Pharaoh’s  folk and those before them: they disbelieved in Our signs, so Allahc seized them on account of their misdeeds. For Allah is Stern in retribution. 12 Saysg 1

a b c

m ih i h û `Aŋh ųjŠ ^j A CKź Ŏ˼ ğ ğ ˵ŋɉ‹ ğ jĬ‹ űžj ƈ j ńŋɉ‹ h hh h h i žĠ Ūh ûů‹ ƻ i ğ ̂ űm m ɉA Ġ h ûů‹ źh Ÿi ƅğ j ? ŷh Š ɧh j ? mƅh Ĭ‹ ūžû ŰŠ ^Ōğ ŵ ̃ _ź h ğ h h h h û h h h û h h k q k h i k hû h Šɮjh ŭûů‹ ŊƊKh źû ȋ‹ ^Ōŵ=b jŷŽʼnŽ ǻȨ ĵųj ɉ ĵũjʼnŕɊ Ũj ơĭjķ Ķ û h h ğ h h iû hh hh ğ ků cʼnq Ÿi Ůi ĸû Ȱh ŴjŲ ̄ Ůž j ŶŰj =b Mĵ `j? ñ`ĵũŋû ŧů‹ ^Ōŵ Ƒ j ƃ‹ j b x h x h h û ih ğ h l ihh h ğ x ŌŠh Ĭ i ğ ‹bh ʼnŽj Š ˲ Abŋŧȱ ŴŽjȑ‹ ŌɆ ʼn ő BA Ŋ Š ű Ź ɉ Ĭ‹ ĺ ɔ j j ñ j hû h hh ûh hğ ğ i h û h jŷžû hŰŠh Ǐ Šhƞ j Ɓ‹ Ǎj x;ƾ ƅ Ĭ‹ `j? ̅ ˉg ĵŪjļŵ‹ bJ ƅb P˱ ğ i m ğ h h j h ûhû i ťžû Ŭ _ĵ ńKƁ‹ Ǎj űû ȱKi jźk ŕh iŽ djȑ‹ źh Ÿ ̆ j;ĵųh ŏɉ‹ Ǎj û ğ h û hh h m ğ hi m i ŭơ‹ i Ōšh ů‹ źh Ÿi ƅ? ŷh Š ɧh ? ƅ ô ;i m ĵŒh h ȹ h ŌɆ ^Ōŵ= djȑ‹ źŸ ̇ űžj j j j i û h û Ġ x Šh h i û h Šh û h ûh h h Ġ = Ŵğ Ÿi ĺ f Š ʅh ŭ Š Ķ ɮj ŭ ů‹ _ Ƥ ĺɔA; ŷŶjŲ Ķɮjŭů‹ ūžŰŠ j h x h h h i h ih i i h ğ h x h ȑ‹ğ ĵŲğ įhŦ ðĺ Š ȽŲ ŋi Ň=b Š ʇjĸɺ ĵŲh `źši j ĸȽžh ȯ ŢɆû Lh űû Źj j ɅźŰũ Ǎj ŴŽj ûh mh û mh h Š h hȶ űi Űšû Ȭh ĵŲh bh ĀjðŷjŰɆjbįĻ ;h ĵŤjļûķ‹bh jĹŶh ļû jŧů‹ ;h ĵŤjļûķ‹ ŷi Ŷjû Ų ŷh ĸh ɺ h i ih û û h i Šğ h i ğ ğ m i h û h ğ h h Ājŷjķ ĵŶŲA; `źɉźŪȬ űj Űjšů‹ Ǎj `źňjŎɷů‹b ñĬ‹ ƅj? ÿŷŰɆjbįĻ xk i hĵŶɅğ Kh ̈ ĶŠɭh ûůhƁ‹û l Aźiɉbl i= mƅğ ? ŋi Ŭğ Ŋğ hŽ ĵŲh bh ñĵŶh Ʌk Kh ʼnŶjŠ Ŵjû Ųk ȁ j j j j h û h h hhû h h û h û h hh ii û i h ehû h h iğ ô ĹƧ K ūŵȐ ŴjŲ ĵhȍ Ķ Ÿb ĵŶȽŽʼnŸ Jj? ʼnšȨ ĵŶɅźŰũ TjŌĻ ƅ 

Literally ‘the mother of the Scripture’. A grammatical shift from 2nd person to 3rd person. A grammatical shift from 1st person to 3rd person. 33

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to those who have denied, “Youa shall be overcome and herded to Hell, so what a miserable resting place!” 13 Surely, there was a sign for youpl in two battalions that met: one battalion combating in the way of Allah and another denying, seeingb themc— as the eye sees—twice their number. For Allah aids with His support whomever He wills. In that is indeed a lesson for those endowed with sight (s). 14 Adorned for mankind is the love of desires, such as women and children and piles upon piles of gold and silver and branded horses and livestock and fields. That is the enjoyment of the Earlier Life, but with Allah lies the most excellent resort. 15 Saysg, “Shall I inform youpl of something better than that? For those who are mindful (of God), with their Lord are Gardens beneath which rivers flow, abiding therein, and cleansed spouses and good pleasure from Allah.” For Allah is All Seeing of the servants who say, “Our Lord, we have indeed attained 16 faith, so forgive us our misdeeds and guard us from the punishment of the Fire.” 17 The patient and the truthful and the devout and the spenders (in the way of God) and the seekers of forgiveness before dawn. Allah has borne witness that indeed, there is no 18 god but He, as have the angels and those endowed with knowledge—upholding justice. There is no god but He, the Almighty, the All-Wise. 19 Indeedd, religion with Allah is Islam. Yet those who were brought the Scripture did not differ with each other except after knowledge had come to them, thereby oppressing one another. So whoever denies the signs of Allah—then Allah is indeed Swift in reckoning. So if they debate with you sg, then say, “I have 20 submitted my countenance to Allah, and (so have) those who have followed me.” And say to those who were brought the Scripture and to the gentilese, “Have you submitted?” Thus, if they have submitted, then they have been guided. But if they turn away, then your (only) duty is proclamation, for Allah is All-Seeing of the servants. 21 Indeed, those who deny Allah’s signsf and unjustifiably kill the

ğ h ğ m h ğ h h= ū i Ÿğ źh û ɉ‹ ĺŵ j ğȍ‹ şji ŲĵŁh ūŵj? ĵŶh Ʌğ Kh ̉ Bĵ ƅ ˉp źû Ȏh j Mĵ ŵj? ğ h û i ûi h h h Ɇû Kh h ğ `ğ ? jŷžjȯ Ķ h ȑ‹ `ğ ? ̊ Iĵ ŴŽj šžųj ɉ‹ ťj Űƞ ƅ Ĭ‹ j j ˏ i h ûh h ûi h l ihh ğ i h h mh jĬ‹ Ŵjh Ųk űŸʼni Š ɧbû = ƅbh űû Źi ɉŠʆh Ųû = űû Źi Ŷȭ ƴ j Ťȩ Ŵů Abŋŧȱ û h h h i i h û i h Ģ h l i h ðĵn q û h h =ʼnh Ŭ ̋ Kĵğȍ‹ Iź ũb űŸ ūjɌʤb=b Zžő `źû Šŋjû Ŧ ^A j ;B j j h l ii iğ i h h h h h ûh iğ h h ȑ‹ğ bh ñűû Źj j ɅźŵŊjķ Ĭ‹ űi ŸŊŇįŦ ĵŶjļŠɔ˲ AźķŊŬ űô û Źj j ŰĸȰ ŴjŲ ŴŽj h û i h iğ h h h û l h h h ğk i `źĸi ŰŤļi Ŏh Abŋi ŧȱ ŴŽj ȓj ů Ůũ ̌ Bĵ j Ūjšů‹ ʼnŽjʼnő Ĭ‹b h h i h ûi h û i h h h h i û ƕb űû Ȳů `ǽ ʼnû ũ ̍ IĵŹh ųj ɉ‹ ōh ȻjɅbh ðűh Ŷğ Źh Łh ǓŠ j ? `bǬ iû h ğ û x x ûhh h h Š ŋh Ň=b jĬ‹ ŮžjȼŎh Ǎj Ůi j ļŠʂh iĻ ĹĴjh Ŧ ðĵļh Ūh hȋ‹ ǻ c j ȽĴj Ŧ Ǎj ĹŽA; j hi iğ h ûh û h ûh û ûh û k i h û hh x h h û h h k i ŴŲ Āj aDz j šů‹ d=K űŹj žŰĿjŲ űŹȫbŋŽ Cŋj Ŧǽ j Ŷjķ ʼnjɆİŽ Ĭ‹b ˏǻ h i k qhû h h h û ğ im hh ğ ɉ Ŵh Ɇk Li ̎ ŋŠɻh ûķƁ‹ Ƞbl Ɓ j ŶŰj Mĵ j j Cǚšj ů ūj ɉŠə Ǎj `j? ô ;ĵŒȹ j j ğ Ġ i h ȿhȊ‹û bh ;j m ĵŏh kȿů‹ Ŵjh Ų DŠʆh Źh Œɉ‹ h Ūh ųi û ɉ‹ Ǟśj Šɰh Ūh ûů‹bh ǻ j Cŋh śŶ Ķń j j j j h ğ h h û bh jĹŘğ ŧûů‹bh ĶŸh ȑ‹ h û bh űj Š ɿh ûŵƁ‹û bh jĹŲh źğ ŏh ųi û ɉ‹ Ůžû Ƣ‹ E ŴjŲ j ˍj ŋû ơ‹ j j h h û i û i i h i ğ h h û Ġ Š h hû i h h h h ̏ Bĵ j Zn ųɉ‹ Ŵŏń ÿaʼnŶjŠ Ĭ‹b ðĵžȫȐ‹ j Cźžơ‹ şŠɮŲ ūj ɉŠə i i khih ûi i Šh k û h h Š l Aźû Ūh ȩ‹ğ ŴŽj h ȓjğ ɉ ðűû Ȳj ű Ȳ Ĵjȼŵ>= Ůũø ƚ ʼnŶj ůə ŴjŲ Ǟ j p h x Šɰğ Łh űû ŹɅk Kh h ȯ ŴŽj h Ȓj Š ɗh ŋi Š ʇh ûŵƁ‹û ĵŹh j ļûƕh ŴjŲ dŋûƏh ĺ ĵŹžj jj j û x û x ğ ğ x Ġ k i ŕj hķ Ĭ‹ i bh jĬ‹ Ŵjh Ų `Šʆh ŗKbh Cŋh Źğ śh Ų FŠɩh Lû h=bh ̐ jIĵĸh jšůĭjķ ü Ǟ ñ j û h ğh h mhğ mhğh h i ih h ğ hĵŶj ũbh ĵŶh Ʌź h iŵJi ĵhȍh ŋû jŧţĭ Ŧ ĵŶŲA; ĵŶȫj? ĵŶɅK `źɉźŪȬ ŴŽjȑ‹ ğ h h Š ğ h ȽjŶŠʂh ûů‹bh ǻj h Ȱʼnj Š ɻů‹ h h h ğ ǻ b ŴɆǚ j j j ɻů‹ ̑ jKĵȍ‹ BAŊŠ ğh iğ h h h Ŏû hƁĭû ķ ŴɆ h ŪŧŶųi û ɉ‹bh h ŋjŧŤû ļh ŏû ųi û ɉ‹bh ǻ ÿŷi ŵɁ Ĭ‹ ʼnŹj ő ̒ jKĵŅ jj j j m h û û üh m h û û l i l i h i h h h û h h i ğ h Šh m h Ģ ųɉ‹b źŸ ƅj? ŷɧj? ƅ ˏ j ŏjŪůĭjķ ˋųjɋĵũ űj Űjšů‹ Aźɉb=b ĹŭjɌˁ ƅř ğ h k `ğ ? ̓ űžj h Ȑ‹ i ŭơ‹ i Ōšh ûů‹ źh Ÿi ƅğ ? ŷh Š ɧh ? h û ŌɆ Š ŴŽj jĬ‹ ʼnŶj j j j j i ğ ğ û l h h û h û h Šɮjh ŭů‹ AźiĻb= ŴŽ h ȑ‹ ʼnj šû Ȩh Ŵü Ųj ƅj? Ķ j ťŰļh ҋ ĵŲh bh ñűi Š ʄŎû ƃ‹ j û û m û iû ğ h i h h hû h jĬ‹ ĺ j Š ɔ˲ ŋû ŧȲhŽ ŴŲbh ñűû Źi Ŷɀhķ ˋüžh ŤȨh űi Űjšů‹ űi Ÿ;h ĵŁ ĵŲ û i h hğ ğ h h ŁĠ m ĵńh `û ıhŦ ̔ Bĵŏjh ơ‹ i ųû Űh Ŏû h= Ůû Ūi ȯh ]ź ĺ şɆǦ j j j Ĭ‹ `jıŦ 

 and Khalaf read it as: “Say to those who have denied that they shall be overcome and herded to Hell, Hamza, Al Kesa’i so what a miserable resting place!” Qb Nafieʻ, Yaʻqub and Abu Jaʻfar read it as: “. . . and another denying. Youpl see them—as the eye sees—twice their number.” c A grammatical shift from singular to plural. Qd Al Kesa’i read it as: “(And) that religion with Allah is Islam.” e Literally ‘the unlettered’. f The Arabic word used is ayat (singular ayah). Ayah means ‘sign’ or ‘proof’. It is also used to denote the unit of text in the Qur’an, like ‘verse’ in poetry or ‘sentence’ in prose. Each such unit is considered a ‘sign’ from God. Qa

sg

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h Šɮjh ŭûů‹ l AźiĻbi= ŴŽj h ȓjğ ků Ůiũbh Ŵšh ĸh ȩ‹ğ ŴŲh bh jĬğ j ǘ h j Łû bh Ķ ˍj j iû lûğhh l û hh l h h û h h h AźůźĻ `˰ Abð ʼnh ļh Ÿ‹ ʼnj Ūȯ Aźųi ŰŎû = `jıŦ űô û ļi ųû ŰŎû =;h Ŵh āZj žjk Ųk Ɓ‹bh h ûh h h ğ h i ŕj hķ Ĭ‹ i ğ bh ñŢi Š ʄh hȊ‹û ū h ȑ‹ğ `ğ ? ̕ jIĵĸh jšûůĭķ ü Ǟ ŴŽj žŰŠ ĵųȫjıŦ j j i h iû h ûh h k ğ h iûhh ğ Ũp k ńh Ǟ j Š ɔ˲ `bŋi ŧȲhŽ j Ťjķ ŴāZjžjȼȍ‹ `źŰļŪɆb jĬ‹ ĺ û h iiûhh i û k hh j ğ h û û h h ȑ‹ğ `ź űŸǬ ŰļŪɆb j ȼŦ Mĵȍ‹ ŴjŲ řj ŏjŪůĭjķ `bŋi Ɋi įhŽ ŴŽj h h i ğ h i h h û û h h h h Ǎj űû Źi ۊʅh Š= ĺ śjĸń ŴŽjȑ‹ ūjɌʤĢ bl = ̖ ˈg Ȏj = BA g Ŋšjķ h ğ k ih h h h h hûĠ h ȑ‹ğ Ǔh ? ŋh hĻ űû h ɉɁ ̗ ŴɆ h Dz ŴŽj j j j Šɓ ŴjŲ űŹɉ ĵŲb j CŋjŇ˖‹b ĵžȫȐ‹ h h ûh ûi ğ h û h k q h l i i h jĬ‹ Ķ j Šɮjŭů‹ ŴjŲ ĵĸžŕj ŵ AźĻb= j ŠɮjŬ ǓŠ j ? `źŠʼnŽ Ķ h i i i û h x ŋŦh ȠŠ ğ źh ļh Ȭh űğ Ȫi űû Źi Ŷh ûɀhķ űh Ȳ ̘ `źŗjŋšû ŲĠ űŸbh űû Źi Ŷjû Ųk ŨɆ ŅȎj j h h ğ l m h i h h i û ğ q ğ h ğ hh û iğ h h i D ˌp Š ɘbʼnšŲ ĵŲĵŽɁ ƅj? Kĵğȍ‹ ĵŶŏųȩ Ŵů Aźɉĵũ űŹȫɂjķ ūj ɉŠə h h h h h ih ûh l i h ğ i h AJj? ťžû ŭŦ ̙ `bǛ ŧȬ Aźŵǽ ĵŲ űŹj j ŶŽjI Ǎj űû Ÿŋğ ţbh ûh Ġi û hki h hh h Ɇû Kh ƅğ ˉźû hȎj űû Źi Šɰh šû Ʀ ĵŲğ ōp ŧȫ ȁ ĺ žjȯbb jŷžjȯ Ķ p û û h h ğ h i h h û h i û ū j Űųi ɉ‹ ūj ۊɨ űğ Źi Űɉ‹ Ůj ũ ̚ `źųi ŰŞȬi ƅ űû Ÿbh ĺĸh ŏh Ŭ ûi i m hh h û û i hh im hh h h û iû ŌĠ jšĻbh ;i ĵŒȶ Ŵųjğ Ɋ ūŰųi ɉ‹ Sǣ j Ļb ;ĵŒȶ ŴŲ ūŰųɉ‹ Șj İĻ k i Šh h h ğ i û hû h h i m h h h Ġ i h i m h h h û h ȁ p;ƾ j ȇ ūŵj? ðǞƢ‹ ]jʼnžjȨ ð ;ĵŒȶ ŴŲ ^jŊĻb ;ĵŒȶ ŴŲ hûğ i i x h h hğ i ih hğ ûğ ˌŮj Ȏ‹ Ǎj KĵŹȍ‹ ŀj ůźĻb jKĵŹȍ‹ Ǎj ŮȎ‹ ŀj ůźĻ ̛ ŋŽjʼnũ û h žk ųh û ɉ‹ Fi ŋûƛi bh ĺ k h ûů‹ Ŵjh Ų ĺ ğ h ûů‹ Fi ŋûƛi bh j j žk ųh ɉ‹ Ŵjh Ų ƻ ðƻ j j j j ğ h i û iû h im hh h ii ûhh ğ û h h `źŶjŲİųɉ‹ Ŋj ň j ļȬ ƅ ̜ Bĵ j Ťj ķ ;ĵŒȶ ŴŲ \LŋĻb p ŏjń Ǟ û h û h h û û h ŶŲj İû ųi ɉ‹ `bIi ŴjŲ ;h m ĵhȎj bû h= ŴɆ h ŋjŧŠʃ ů‹ ūj ɉŠə Ůšh ŧȬh ŴŲh bh ðǻj j j h ğ l m h q hi h i h ğ h û h Ǎj jĬ‹ ñ ŊƋŪȩ űû Źi Ŷjû Ų AźŪļğ ȩ `= ƅj? ;g ƾ ŴjŲ ōh ûɀŰŦ ûi ûh iğ i i i k h ih ğ h i ŕj ųh û ɉ‹ jĬ‹ ‹ űȱKjŊŅɆb `j? Ůũ ̝ Ǟ Ǔ˯ ÿñ ŷi ŏh ŧȫ Ĭ h h h i i ğ ŷi ųû Űšû Ȭh iabʼni ĸû ȩi bû = űû ȡKbʼni Ŕi Ǎ ĵŲh l Aźŧi ûƛi Ǎj ĵŲh űi Űšû Ɇh bh ñĬ‹ j j h û h k h i h iğ h h h Š ʆh Š ʅh ŏɉ‹ ğ x ʼnhũ ;p ƾ û ȁȇ ̞ ŋŽj j ˍ j Ɓ‹ Ǎj ĵŲb D j Š Ĭ‹b P˱ ûh Ġi i h hûh ûĠ ûh û û h h ğ q h Ƥ Ǟ Ň Ŵj Ų ĺ Ű ų Š ĵ Ų ō ŧ ȫ ȁ ʼnƏ ĵŲh bh ˊǴ j p j _źŽ p

prophets and killa those of mankind who command to justice—give them glad tidingsb of a painful punishment. 22 Those are the ones whose deeds were nullified in the Earlier (Life) and the Hereafter, for they have no helpers. 23 Have you sg not seen those who were brought a share of the Scripture, being called to the Scripture of Allah to judge c between them, then a group of them turn away in disregard? 24 That is because they said, “The Fire will not touch us except for a limited number of days.” But they have been deceived in their religion by whatever they fabricated. 25 So how about when We gather them for a day about which there is no doubt, and every single self is paid in full for what it has earned, and theyd are not dealt with unjustly? Saysg, “O Allah, Master of the dominion, You 26 grant dominion to whomever You will and You strip dominion from whomever you will, and You honor whomever you will and You humiliate whomever you will; in Your hand is all goodness. You are indeed All-Powerful over everything. 27 You cause the night to penetrate the day and cause the day to penetrate the night, and you bring the living out of the dead and You bring the dead out of the living, and You provide for whomever You will without measure.” 28 Let not the believers take the deniers for allies apart from the believers, for whoever does that has nothing to do with Allah— unless it is to protect your pl own selves against them in some manner of self-protection. And Allah cautions youpl Himself, for to Allah is the destiny. Saysg, “Whether youpl hide what is within your 29 chests or disclose it, Allah knows it.” For He knows whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth, for Allah is All-Powerful over everything. 30 On a day when every self finds whatever good it had done presented, while whatever evil it had done—it will wish there were a great distance between itself and it. And Allah Himself cautions you pl , for Allah is Compassionate towards the servants. 31 Saysg, “If you love Allah, then follow me—Allah will love you and forgive you your misdeeds, for Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Bestowing of Mercy.” 32 Say, “Obey Allah and the Messenger.” But if they turn away, then Allah does not love the



Hamza read it as: “. . . and combat those of mankind . . .” This is said in sarcasm. Qc Abu Jaʻfar read it as: “. . . being called to the Scripture of Allah so that it may be judged between them . . .” d A grammatical shift from singular to plural. Qa b

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h q û û ğh h Ġ h û hŰųŠh ñ ˑʼnžjšhķ ˊʼnü h Ųh = ÿm ŷi Ŷh ɀɅh bh ĵŹh Ŷh ɀhķ `= źû ɉ Iźh Ļ p;źm Ŏi ŴjŲ ĺ j û üi ûi i ik h ih i ğ bh ÿñ ŷi ŏh ŧû ȫh Ĭ i ğ ‹ űi ȱ `j? Ůũ ̟ jIĵĸh jšůĭjķ [b;i Kh Ĭ‹ KjŊŅɆb i i h û iğ i i û ûi i ğ h hğ h Ġ ûi i űû Ȳů ŋû jŧŤɆh bh Ĭ‹ űȲĸjĸƘ Țź j šjĸĻĭŦ Ĭ‹ `źĸjƕ űļŶŬ h ğ h hğ l i h ûi i h ii i ğ bh űû Ȳ x ńKğ xKźŧi Ȯh Ĭ‹ b Ĭ‹ AźšžjŚ= Ůũ ̠ űžj ð ^źŎi ŋɉ‹ ô ɅźŵJ h û Ġ i h hğ ğ h lûğhh h h ğ `ğ ?ø ̡ ŴɆ h ŋjŧŠʃ ů‹ ĶjƘ ƅ Ĭ‹ `jıŦ AźůźĻ `jıŦ Ĭ‹ j j hh h hû h h h h hû h h h q ih h h h h h û Ģ śŔ‹ ȇ `ŠɷųjŠ ^A;b űžjŸŠɷķj? ^A;b ĵńźŵb _IA; Ǐ h ųhۊɿh ûů‹ i ğ ‹bh Ŗšû Ȩh Ŵü Ųj ĵŹh Ři šû Ȩh ˬɆğ Kk Ji ̢ ǻ f ųj Ŏh Ĭ f ŰŠh şž űžj j ˍp j h k h h h h i û h k h h h û i h û j ůĵhũ Jû ? ̣ KŊŵ ƭj j ? B Ǎj ĵŲh ūɉ D j j K `ŠɷųjŠ D=ŋɊ‹ ĺ h û û i h h h h ğ mk ğ ĺŵ h =ū i ųj ŏɉ‹ i Űšh ů‹ şž ̤ űžj ŵj? ˌƴjj Ų Ůĸğ Ūļh ȯ ˊKq ŋğ Ƥ ƴj śû Ȩh h û h iğ h h i mhiû h h k k h û h h hûh h h ğhh Š = ĵŹļšŗb ƭj j ? B űi ŰŠ= Ĭ‹ b Ƴŵ j K ĺůĵũ ĵŹļšŗb ĵųŰŦ i û h h ğ k h û h h h h Š h ƁĭŬ ŋi Ŭȑ‹ űh Ɇh ŋû Ɋh ĵŹh ļi žû ųğ Ŏh ƭ˯ ōh ûɀůbh ĺ šŗb ĵųjķ j ˌƳŵ ğ h h h i i mk h Ɇğ Kk Ji bh ū h û h ğ Š ̥ űž Ŵ ɽ ž Œɉ‹ Ŵj Ų ĵ Ź ļ ķ ĵ Ÿ Ł ŋɉ‹ j j j j Ŋžjȭ= ƭ˯ j j h hh ğ h h q h h e h h h h h h h h hi h Ġ h h h ğ h h h ĵŹŰŧȡb ĵŶŏń ĵĻĵĸȫ ĵŹļĸ˩=b Ŵp ŏń ^ź g ĸŪjķ ĵŹɅK ĵŹŰĸŪļȯ h h û ųûɉ‹ ĵɆğ ŋȡh Lh ĵŹh žû hŰŠh Ůh Ňh Ih ĵųh ğǿi ðĵɆğ ŋȡh Lh h ŋh Ņ ĵŸʼnŶj Š ʼnh Łh bh BA j j j h ğ h h h h h h qû ğ ğ h h i û ůĵũ ðˑŊŠɪ ūɉ ƭ `j? ðjĬ‹ ʼnj ŶjŠ Ŵjû Ų źh Ÿ ĺ j Š Ɂ űi Ɇh ŋû ųh Š ɔ ^ĵũ ðĵũLjK h h h i ûh im hh h ii ûh hğ h ĵɆğ ŋj ȡLh ȕh I ūj ɉĵŶh Ÿ ̦ Bĵ j Ťjķ ;ĵŒȹ ŴŲ \LŋŽ Ĭ‹ g ŏjń Ǟ h ğ ðe hk h q ğ k i h iğ û Ÿh Bk Kh ^ĵh hũ ÿð ŷi Ʌğ Kh i ųj Ŏh ū şž ŵj? ĹĸjžŚ ĹɆjKJ ūŵȐ ŴjŲ Ǔj Ķ j û û m h h k h i û h i û h Ġ i i h ɉ‹ ŷĻIĵŶh ȯh ̧ j;mȕh Ȑ‹ h Ņųj ɉ‹ Ǎj ǔ஠űx ɋĵũ źh Ÿbh ĹŭɌˁ Ģ BA ŋ ų j j j j q ğ h üh û žh Ȩ ]h Ǭ h ğ `ğ h= i j k hȼiŽ Ĭ‹ ŠhŅ Aʼnjžk Ŏh bh jĬ‹ Ŵjh Ųk pĹųjh ŰȲjķ ˋũjʼnk ŕh Ɋi Ƶ j i i h Šğ h k h h h ğŠ k q h q ŕi ńh bh h h `źȲŽ ƭɁ B j j Űɻů‹ ŴjŲ ĵžk j ȼŵbh ˊKź j K ^ĵũ ̨ ǻŅ û h i h û h Ťh hŰhķ ʼnû hũbh űx Š ʄh ţi Ǔ i ğ ūjh ɉŠɶh Ŭh ^ĵh hũ ð ŋjx ũȕh ƫh=ŋh Ɋ‹ Ĭ‹ j b ǚjŭů‹ ƴ j j k h h m h q m h û k h h h i hh h ih ûh ūļi ȬAh ;h ^ĵũ ð ĹhŽA;h Ǔ j ŮšŁ‹ B j K ^ĵũ ̩ ;ĵŒȹ ĵŲ ŮšŧȬ h ğ ğ i û h q û h ğ ğ h h h Šh h h ğ h k h i ğ h q j ĿŬh ū ˊǞ ɅK ŋŬJ‹b ñˊŌɊK ƅj? ˉg ĵŽɁ ĹĿʄľ Mĵȍ‹ űj ŰȲĻ ƅɁ h h û h û û h k hû ûk hh h i h Ģh hû űi Ɇh ŋû ųh Š ɔ ĹŭjɌˁ ųɉ‹ ĺ j ůĵũ J˯ ̪ ŋj Š ʃķƃ‹ j bǀ j j šůĭjķ ŃjĸŎb

deniers. 33 Indeed, Allah has selected Adam and Noah and Abraham’s folk and Imran’s folk over all communities: 34 offspring of one another, for Allah is All-Hearing, All-Knowing. 35 Recall when Imran’s wife said, “My Lord, I have indeed vowed (to dedicate) to You what is in my belly, dedicated (solely to You), so accept from me; indeed, You are the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing.” 36 So when she gave birth to her, she said, “My Lord, I have indeed given birth to her, a female,” and Allah knows better what she has delivereda, “and the male is not like the female, and I have indeed named her Mary, and I do seek refuge with You for her and her offspring from Satan, the outcast.” 37 So her Lord accepted her with good acceptance and brought her up a good upbringing and entrusted her to the sponsorship of Zechariahb. Whenever Zechariah entered upon her in the sanctuary, he found with her provisionc. He said, “O Mary, how did you get this?” She said, “It is from Allah; indeed, Allah provides whomever He wills without measure.” 38 Thereupon Zechariah called upon his Lord. He said, “My Lord, grant me from Your bounty good offspr i ng; You are i ndeed the Hearer of supplication.” 39 So the angels calledd out to him as he stood praying in the sanctuary that: “Allah givese you glad tidings of John, confirming a Word from Allah, and honorable, and abstinent from women, and a prophet from among the righteous.” 40 He said, “My Lord, how will I have a son when old age has overtaken me and my wife is barren?” He said, “So shall it be! Allah does whatever He wills.” 41 He said, “My Lord, set for me a sign.” He said, “Your sign is that you shall not speak to people for three days except by gesture. And remember your Lord much, and exalt (Him) in the evening and the morning.” 42 And recall when the angels said, “O Mary, Allah has indeed selected you and cleansed you and He has selected you over the women of all communities. 43 “O Mary, be devout to your Lord and prostrate yourself and bow down with those who bow down.” 44 That is of the stories of the hidden realm which We reveal to you sg, for you  were not with them when they cast their pens as to



Ibn ʻAmer, Shuʻba and Yaʻqub read it as: “. . . a female, and Allah knows better what I have delivered, and the male is not . . .” Nafieʻ, Ibn Kathir, Abu ʻAmr, Ibn ʻAmer, Abu Jaʻfar and Yaʻqub read it as: “. . . and Zechariah sponsored her.” c Food. Qd Hamza, Al Kesa’i and Khalaf read it as: “So (one of) the angels called out to him . . .” Qe Ibn ʻAmer and Hamza read it as: “. . . sanctuary: “Indeed, Allah gives you . . .” Qa

Qb

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m h û h û hğ ğ Šh h ū j;ĵŏjh ȸ ȇ `j? j Š Ƌŧśh Ŕ‹bh j]ŋh Źğ Śh bh ū j Š Ƌŧśh Ŕ‹ Ĭ‹ h û h û ihûh h h h hû û bh ūɅk ŋjh ɉ ƲŶi Ȱ‹ i Ŏ‹ şh Ųh Njj ŬK‹ b djʼnł j j j űɆŋųŠɔ ̫ ǻųj ۊɿů‹ i û h û m h h û h Šh h h ğ h ĵŲh bh ôūûȎj? jŷžjńźŵ Ķ j žŤů‹ j;ĵĸ˩= ŴjŲ ūj ɉə ̬ ǻjšjŬŠɷů‹ h h h i hûh h iû û iiû ĵŲh bh űh Ɇh ŋû Ɋh ŮŧȲhŽ űû Źi ȬĠ Ɂ űû Źi ųh Š ʄũ= `źŪŰiŽ Jj? űû Źj ûŽȐh ĺŶ Ŭ h û h h h h û h h i Ģ h hûh û û h Ŭi űi Ɇh ŋû ųh Š ɔ ĹŭjɌˁ ųɉ‹ ĺ j ůĵũ Jj? ̭ `źųi ŕj ļƞ Jj? űû Źj ŽȐh ĺŶ h h Š Ńž û ŷi Ŷjû Ųk Ĺųjh ŰȲ i jŏųh û ɉ‹ ŷi ųi Ŏ‹ i k hi hğ ğ Ŵi Ȩ‹û ƿɀj p j ķ j]Ǭj ȼŽ Ĭ‹ `j? q Łbh űh Ɇh ŋû Ɋh h Ʌŋğ Ūh ųi û ɉ‹ Ŵjh Ųbh j Cŋjh Ň˖‹bh ĵžh ȫû Ȑ‹ Ġ Ǎ ĵŹž ̮ ǻ j j j q û h ğ h ih h ğȍ‹ űji kŰȲ h Ņjۊɻů‹ ̯ ǻ Ŵjh Ųbh ƆŹû ȡbh ʼnj Źû ųh ɉ‹ Ǎj Mĵ Ɇb j h h ğ h h x hh h h i i h Š k h û h x bh Ǔ `ź Ȳ Ž ƭɁ B ^ĵũ ðǬȵ ƴj ŏû ŏh ųû Ȭh űû ɉbh Ȑ j j K ĺůĵũ hi i i h h ğ h q û h h h h i m h h h i i û h i ğ h Ģ ũ AJj? ô ;ĵŒȹ ĵŲ ŨŰƞ Ĭ‹ ūjj ɉŠɶh Ŭ ÿȔ ^źŪȬ ĵųȫj ıŦ ˊŋɊ= DŽ h ğ h h h û û h h Šh û i i k h i h i i h i ŊƊKh źû ȋ‹ b Ĺųŭj ơ‹b Ķɮjŭů‹ ŷųj ŰšɆb ̰ `źŭžh ȯ Ŵȱ û h h Ģ h û m h Šh e i h h h i û hũ ƭk Ɂh ŮŽj űȲļi Ĵû Ł ʼn ;ʴŎj? ƴj ķ Ǔj? ƅźŎKb ̱ ŮžƑ j j j ƃ‹ j b h i h i i û h mk h û i k ğ k h k Ŵjh Ųk űȲ śů‹ ů ŨŰŇ= ƭj Ɂ űȲjɅK ŴjŲ Ĺp Ž˲ jĹnZh žû Źh Ŭ ǻ j j i û i i i hh ğ i i hh û ğ h û Śh `ź @ŋj ûķɁbh ðjĬ‹ `j JjıjȨ ˊüǞ ŭžȯ jŷžjȯ ņŧŵįŦ Ǟ j śů‹ h i i û Šh û h û û h h h û û h h h û h û h ğ i űȲĴi j kȼŵɁbh ðjĬ‹ `j JjıjȨ Ș źųɉ‹ Ƹ j =b OŋķƁ‹b ŷųȱƁ‹ ğ h h i i ûh h h h i ūj ɉŠə Ǎj `j? űô û Ȳj Ļźži Ȩi Ǎj `bŋji Ňʼnğ Ļ ĵŲh bh `źŰȱįĻ ĵųh j ķ i ğ qh i Ŭi `? űû Ȳ h û Ȩh ĵųjh k ɉ ĵũjq ʼnk ŕh Ɋi bh ̲ ǻj h ŶŲj İû ŲĠ űļŶ ů ĹŽ˗ dğ ʼnh hŽ ǻ j i ğ h i hh i h ğ ğ Ŵjh Ų űô û Ȳžû ŰŠ _h ŋj k ńi djȑ‹ Ŗšû Ȩh űȲů ŮjńƁj bh jŊƊKh źû ȋ‹ ğ i iû h i hh hğ l iğ h û i kğ k h `j? ̳ `ź j šžjŚ=b Ĭ‹ AźŪȩĭŦ űȲjɅK ŴjŲ pĹŽ˲ űȲļĴŁ j b h h û h i Ġ k hğ x jŪļh ŏû ŲĠ Qx Š ɷh Ŕ ̴ űž j AŊŠɪ ôiabʼni ĸi ȭĭŦ űû ȲɅKh bh ȗj Kh Ĭ‹ i û i iû Š h h h= Ŵû Ųh ^ĵh hũ ŋh ŧû Ȳ ğ ńh h= m ĵųğ hŰhŦø m Kĵŕŵ ű Ź Ŷj Ų ƿɀj Š ō d ů‹ j ğ ğ i h h i û h h Ġ h hû h h ğ h ŕŵ= ŴƗ `źɆjKAźơ‹ ^ĵũ ðjĬ‹ Ǔj? jĬĭjķ ĵŶğ ŲAh ;h jĬ‹ Kĵ h û m û ğ h h h ğh h mhğh ğh h ĵŶh šû ĸh ȩ‹bh ĺ ůŌŵ= ĵųjķ ĵŶŲA; ĵŶɅK ̵ `źųji Űŏû Ɋi ĵŵɂjķ ʼnû Źh ő‹bh h hh l ih hh ğ h h hûi û h h i ğ i ğ ŋh ŭ h ʼnŹɺů‹ Ųb AbŋŭŲb ̶ ŴŽj ðĬ‹ j Š şŲ ĵŶȼļȱĭŦ ^źŎŋɉ‹

which of them would sponsor Mary, nor were you with them when they were disputing. 45 Recall when the angels said, “O Mary, Allah indeed gives you glad tidings of a Word from Him. His name is the Messiah, Jesus, son of Mary, well-esteemed in the Earlier (Life) and the Hereafter, and one of those brought near. 46 And he will speak to people in the cradle and in adulthood and will be one of the righteous.” 47 She said, “My Lord, how can I have a child when no human being has touched me?” He said, “So shall it be! Allah creates whatever He wills. Whenever He decrees a matter, He only says to it, ‘Be,’ and so it isa. 48 And Heb will teach him scribingc and wisdom and the Torah and the Gospel. And (He will appoint him as) a messenger to the 49 Children of Israel (to proclaim): ‘I have come to youpl with a sign from your Lord: that Id create for you out of clay the shape of a bird, then I breathe into it so it becomes a bird by Allah’s leave; and I heal the born-blind and the leper; and I revive the dead by Allah’s leave; and I inform you concerning what you eat and what you store in your houses. Indeed, in that is a sign for you, if you are believers. 50 And I am to confirm what preceded me of the Torah and to make lawful to youpl some of what was prohibited for you. And I have come to you with a sign from your Lord, so be mindful of Allah and obey me. 51 Indeed, Allah is my Lord and your Lord, so worship Him. That is a straight path.’” 52 So when Jesus sensed denial on their part, he said, “Who are my supporters towards Allah?” The disciples said, “We are Allah’s supporters; we have attained faith in Allah, so bear witness that we are indeed Muslimse. Our Lord, we have attained faith in what You 53 have sent down and we have followed the Messenger, so inscribe us among those who bear witness.” 54 And theyf schemed and Allah schemed, but Allah is the best of schemers. 55 As Allah said, “O Jesus, I am taking you back and raising you to Me and cleansing you of those who denied, and I am making those who follow you superior to those who denied until the Day of Resurrection. Then to





Ibn ʻAmer read it as: “He only says to it, ‘Be,’ so it is.” Qb All except for Nafieʻ, ʻAsem, Abu Jaʻfar and Yaʻqub read it as: “And We will teach him . . .” c The Arabic word used is al-kitab which may mean ‘scribing’ or ‘scripture’. Qd Nafieʻ and Abu Jaʻfar read it as: “. . . from your Lord: I truly create . . .” e The Arabic word used is Muslimoon which means those who willingly submit to God, regardless of which prophet they followed. f The disbelievers. Qa

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PART 3� IMRAN’S FOLK

SURAH 3- AL ‘IMRâN

k i ğ ^ĵh hũ Jû ? ̷ ŴɆ i û Ňh Ĭ‹ i ğ bh h ŋjŭŠʅh ûů‹ Ǟ Ģ h jšŠɔh Ĭ‹ ƭj j ? ƿɀ j j l ihh h i hh h khhi h ȑ‹ğ Ŵjh Ų ]h ŋi Źk śh Ųi bh Ǔğ h ? ū Abŋŧȱ ŴŽj šj ŦAKb ūžj ŦźļŲ j j ğ h l hh h ši ĸh ȩ‹ğ ŴŽj h ȑ‹ \h źû Ŧh ]ź h ȑ‹ğ Ůji ŠĵŁh bh _j źû hŽ ǓŠ j ? Abm ŋi ŧȱ ŴŽj i h û h i i û h h û i i û h ğh ğ i h Šh û i Ŭi ĵųžj h ȯ űû Ȳ űû ļŶ Ŷɀķ űȲńįŦ űȲšŁ j ŋɊ Ǔj? űȪ ˌjĹųɱjŪů‹ h i ğ l k h h h h h hh h h i ûh ĵķAq ŊŠ űû Źi Ȩji ŊŠįŦ Abŋi ŧȱ ŴŽj ȑ‹ ĵŲğ įŦ ̸ `źŧj Űļh ƛ jŷžjȯ h ğ k h h ûĠ q h h Dz ĵŲğ =bh ̹ ŴɆ Ǎj AʼnŽjʼnő jj Šɓ ŴjŲ űŹi ɉ ĵŲbh j Cŋjh Ň˖‹bh ĵžh ȫȐ‹ k h Šh Š ğ l i h h l ih h h ğ i i i ğ bh űû Ÿi Kź Ĭ‹ j ɳj Űɻů‹ AźŰųj Šb AźŶŲA; ŴŽjȑ‹ ñ h Ł= űû Źj žj Ŧźh ži ȯ ĺ h i ğ Ġ i h h h h i û h h Šh h ųjۊɾů‹ ĶjƘ ƅ ĺ Űļȫ ūj ɉə ̺ ǻ j Š ɔ˖‹ Ŵjh Ų ūžû ŰŠ aź j û h k h h h ğ h h ŋŬjû ȑ‹ Š h Š ŮĿh Ųh `ğ j ? ̻ űžj Ůj Ŀųh Ŭ jĬ‹ ʼnŶj Š ƿɀj b j ŭơ‹ j h h h i h h i i i i h h hh h hi ̼ `źŭžh ȯ Ŵȱ ÿȔi ^ĵũ űğ Ȫ BA p ŋĻ ŴjŲ ÿŷŪŰŇ ð _IA; h i h hh h kğ h Ǜh ųû ųi û ɉ‹ Ŵjh Ųk ŴȲ hû Ŵû ųh ȯ ̽ ŴɆ Ļ ƆŦ ūjɅK ŴjŲ ŨĠ ơ‹ j lûh h h û i h û û h h hm h h û h h m Aźɉĵšȩ ŮŪȯ űj Űšj ů‹ ŴjŲ ];ĵŁ ĵŲ ʼnj šȨ Ŵü Ųj jŷžjȯ ūŁğ ĵńh i h i m h m i m h h m h i h ĵŶh ŏh ŧŵ=bh űû ȱ;h ĵŏjh ȸbh ĵŵ;h ĵŏjh ȸbh űû ȱ;h ĵŶh Ȩû Ɂbh ĵŵ;h ĵŶh Ȩû Ɂ Sʼnû ŵ h û hh ğ h hû ğ h û hh û hûh ğ i û i h i hh h ȨjŊŠʃ ů‹ ȇ jĬ‹ ĺŶšů ŮšłŶȯ ŮŹj ļȼŵ űȪ űȲŏŧŵ=b ǻ j ğ i ğ ğ Šh û h h Ġ hû i h h û h i h h Š h ğ `˯ ôĬ‹ ƅj? ŷg ɧj? ŴjŲ ĵŲb ô Ũơ‹ œŕŪů‹ źŹɉ AŊɪ `j? ̾ hğ h ğ `ğ ıhŦ l Aźû ůğ źh hĻ `ıhŦ ̿ űžj i ŭơ‹ i Ōšh ûů‹ źh Źi h ɉ Ĭ‹ i ŰŠh Ĭ‹ h û ŌɆ ü űžj j j j h h l h h h Šh û h û h Ģ h ûi ûiû h pĹųjh ǿ ǓŠ j ? Aźû ɉĵšȩ Ķ j ɮjŭů‹ ŮŸįʑ Ůũ ̀ ŴŽjʼn jŏŧųɉĭjķ ûi hh hğ ğ h iû h ğh û i hûh h hhûh mh h Ājŷjķ ]h Ǭ j ȸ ƅb Ĭ‹ ƅj? ʼnĸšȫ ƅɁ űȲŶɀɅb ĵŶŶɀķ ģ ;AźŎ h ğ i ğ h q h q Ʌh Kû h= ĵŘe šû Ȩh ĵŶh Ři šû Ȩh Ŋh ň `jıŦ jôĬ‹ `j bI ŴjŲk ĵȨĵ j ļȬh ƅbh ĵnZžû ő h i û i ğh l i h û l i ih lûğhh h û hûhĢh Š ʑ Ķ ɮj ŭ ů‹ ́ `ź ųj ŰŏɊ ĵŵɂjķ AbʼnŹő‹ AźɉźŪȯ AźůźĻ Ů Ÿ į j û h iŠ h û ğ ğ i h i m hh h hû m h Ġ mhi h ƅj? ŮžƑ b Ĺ Ɗ K ź ȋ‹ ĺ ůŌŵ j j ƃ‹ j j = ĵŲb űžjŸŠɷķj? Ǎj `źŁĵƕ űj ɉ h i ûh hhh m ûh ü h j;mƅh İi ʧ i hįʧ h Šɖ Ģ h űû ļŵ Ģ h ͂ `ź ŰjŪšȩ ƆŦ= Āj ôaʼnj šȨ ŴŲj űû ļi łû ł i h h m h Ġ h h h x û i h h i h ȯ `ź ȯ Ājŷjķ űȲů ōh ûɀů ĵųžj Łĵƕ űj ŰŦ űŰjŠ Ājŷjķ űȲů ĵųžj h h û h h h h i ûh i =bh űi Űšû Ȭh Ĭ i ğ ‹bh űx ŰjŠ i ŸŠɷh ûķ? `h ǽ ĵŲh ̓ `ź űžj ųŰšȩ ƅ űû ļŵ ô j

Me is your pl return, then I will judge between you regarding whatever you used to differ over. 56 So as for those who have denied—I will punish them with a severe punishment in the Earlier (Life) and the Hereafter, and for them there are no helpers. 57 And as for those who have attained faith and have done righteous deeds—Hea will renderb to them their rewards in full, for Allah does not love the unjust.” This is what We read to yousg of the signsc and the 58 Wise Reminder. 59 Indeed, the likeness of Jesus with Allaha is as the likeness of Adam: He created him from dust, then said to him, “Be,” and so he is. The truth is from yoursg Lord, so do not be of 60 those who doubt. 61 And if anyone debates with you sg about him after what has come to you of knowledge, then say, “Come, let us call our sons and your sons, and our women and your women, and ourselves and yourselves, and let us supplicate to make Allah’s curse befall the liars.” 62 Indeed, this is the true narrative, for there is no god but Allah, and Allah is indeed the Almighty, the AllWise. 63 But if they turn away—Allah is indeed All-Knowing of the corrupters. 64 Say, “O People of the Scripture, come to a common word between us and you: that we worship none but Allah, and that we associate nothing with Him, and that we do not take one another as lords apart from Allah.” And if they turn away, then saypl, “Bear witness that we are Muslimsd.” 65 O People of the Scripture, why do you debate about Abraham, when the Torah and the Gospel were not sent down except after him? Do you not reason? 66 Here youpl are—you have debated about things you have knowledge about, so why do you debate about things you have no knowledge about? For Allah knows and you know not. 67 Abraham was neither a Jew nor a Christian; rather, he was a Muslim who turned away from all that is false, and never was he of the polytheists. 68 Surely, those of mankind who are most deserving of Abraham (as an ally) are those who followed him, and this prophet, and those who have attained faith. And Allah is the Ally of the believers. 69 A faction of the People of the Scripture would love to lead





A grammatical shift from 1st person to 3rd person. All except for Hafs and Roways read it as: “We will render to them . . .” (In this case there is no grammatical shift). c The Arabic word used is ayat (singular ayah). Ayah means ‘sign’ or ‘proof’. It is also used to denote the unit of text in the Qur’an, like ‘verse’ in poetry or ‘sentence’ in prose. Each such unit is considered a ‘sign’ from God. d The Arabic word used is Muslimoon which means those who willingly submit to God, regardless of which prophet they followed. a

Qb

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h q h û h h h kq i h q h h h h `ǽ ĵŲh bh ĵųjq Űŏû ŲĠ ĵŧžj Ŷńh `ǽ ŴȲ ŵ ƅb ĵŽjIźŹȬ j Š ɧbh ĵžjk ȫADz h h h ȡǬû ųi û ɉ‹ Ŵjh Ų i ši ĸh ȩ‹ğ ŴŽj h ȓğ h ɉ űžj h ŸŠɷh ûķıȨ Mĵ ğȍ‹ Ƞbû = `ğ ? ̈́ ǻj j aź j jj j û iû Ġ h i ğ h lñ i h h h ğ h Ġ ğ h Šh h ğh h DIb ͅ ǻj ŶŲj İųɉ‹ Ƞj b Ĭ‹b AźŶŲA; ŴŽjȑ‹b Ʊj ȍ‹ AŊɪb m ğ h Ġ i h h û i h Ġ i ûh h û ûh û k x h m ğ Š ɮj ƅj? `źŰŘ j Ž ĵŲb űȲŵźŰŘ j Ž źɉ Ķ j ŭů‹ Ůj Ÿ= ŴŲj ĹŧjɋĵŚ h û hû Ģh û h iû h h i h h `bŋi ŧȲĻ űjh ɉ Ķ ͆ `bŋi ši Œhȹ ĵŲh bh űû Źi ŏh ŧŵ= j Šɮjŭů‹ ŮŸįʑ ûh i hh ğ h h h û hûhĢh =b jĬ‹ ĺ űjh ɉ Ķ ͇ `bʼni Źh Œȶ űû ļŵ j Š ɔ˲ j Šɮjŭů‹ ŮŸįʑ û h h h i h h ğ hû h i i û h h h i ûh h û `ź `źųi Űšû ȩ űû ļŵ =b Ũơ‹ `źųļȲĻb Ůj śj Šɭh ůĭjķ Ũğ ơ‹ ŏjȼŰĻ h û h i m ğ l i h h m x hh û û k h ğ h ^Ōŵ j Šɮjŭů‹ Ůj Ÿ= ŴjŲ ĹŧjɋĵŚ ĺůĵũb ͈ j = djȑĭjķ AźŶjŲA; Ķ hh l iû ğ h ğ ŷh Łû bh l AźŶi ŲAh ;h ŴŽj h ȑ‹ğ ȇ űû Źi Űšh ů ÿiaŋjh ŇA;h Abm ŋi ŧȱ‹bh jKĵŹh ȍ‹ ğ ûi i h h h h ğ lm i ûi hh h ûh `j? Ůũ űû ȲŶŽj I şjĸĻ Ŵųj ɉ ƅj? AźŶjŲİĻ ƅb ͉ `źši Ł j ŋŽ h i i mh hûk x h h h ûi h ğ Ģ İŽ `= jĬ‹ cʼnh Ÿi c Š ʼnh Źi û ɉ‹ bû = űû ļɀj Ļb= ĵŲ ŮĿjŲ ʼnń= Ș i Ġ mhi h û hû ğ ûi i û ğ h Š űû ȡź jŷžjȩİiŽ jĬ‹ ʼnj žh j Ȩ ŮŘŧů‹ `j? Ůũ ñűû ȲjɅk Kh ʼnŶj ŁĵƘ m hh h hû Ġ hûh i ğ bh ;i m ĵŒh h ȹ ŴŲh x ŰŠh şjf ŎŠɩh Ĭ‹ ñ ;i ĵŒȹ ŴŲ ĀjŷjļƧŋh j ķ œļƞ ͊ űžj ñ h û û û i iğ h h û û h h û h Ŵû Ųh Ķ b j Şj šů‹ Ůj Řŧů‹ bJ Ĭ‹ j Šɮjŭů‹ Ůj Ÿ= ŴjŲbø ͋ űž û û h k h h h h jŪķ ŷi Ŷû Ųh įhĻ `? ŷi Ŷû Ųh įĻ `j? Ŵû Ųğ űŹi Ŷjû Ųbh ūûȎj? mĀj aIj İiŽ pKĵśŶ j j h Šh q m h û h h h û i h ğ h û h m k h i ğ h ūj ɉə ñĵųjɋĵũ jŷžŰŠ ĺŲI ĵŲ ƅj? ūȎj? Āj aIj İŽ ƅ pKĵŶŽjʼnjķ iû hh h i i x h h h l i h ğh ȇ `źɉźŪɆh bh ŮžjȼŎh Ŵāh Zjžjk Ųk Ɓ‹ Ǎj ĵŶh žû ŰŠ ōh ûɀů Aźɉĵũ űû Źi ȫɂjķ h h ihûh û ih h h û ğ Š h bû = Ŵû Ųh ˏ ǔ Š h hķ ͌ `ź ųŰšȬ űŸb BjŊŭů‹ jĬ‹ Āj aʼnj Źû šh j ķ ȝ ğ û ğ hğ h h ih ûh h h Ūļğ ųi ɉ‹ ĶjĠ Ƙi Ĭ‹ h ğ `ğ ıhŦ ǐ `bǛ Œȹ ŴŽjȑ‹ `j? ͍ ǻ j j Š ȩ‹b h ğ h h h h h h i e h h Ǎj űû Źi ɉ Ũh Š ʄŇ ƅ ūjɌʤĢ bl = Ɔžj Űũ ĵŶq ųh Ȫ űû Źj j ŶŠʅh ûŽɁbh jĬ‹ ʼnj Źû šh j ķ h iğ i iik h i hh h û h i űŹųj ŰȲŽ ƅb j CŋjŇ˖‹ jĹųh Šɱh jŪů‹ _h źû hŽ űû Źj ûȎj? ŋi ŞŶhŽ ƅbh Ĭ‹ h h q h ğ f Ŋh Šh űû Źi h ɉbh űû Źžj ȡk Ōh iŽ ƅh bh ĵŪɆŋj ŧů űû Źi Ŷjû Ų `˯ ͎ űx Ȏj = BA j û û h h i ihh ûh h iûh h i i h û h źh Ÿ ĵŲh bh Ķ j Šɮjŭů‹ ŴjŲ aźĸŏŅ jȋ Ķ j Šɮjŭůĭjķ űŹļȿ jŏɉɁ `ÿźŰŽ ğ h û h i i h i i ʼnj ŶjŠ Ŵjû Ų źh Ÿ ĵŲh bh jĬ‹ ʼnj ŶjŠ Ŵjû Ų źh Ÿ `źɉźŪɆh bh Ķ j Šɮjŭů‹ ŴjŲ

you pl astray, but they lead none astray except themselves, but they are unaware. 70 O People of the Scripture, why do you deny the signs of Allah, though you witness? 71 O People of the Scripture, why do you confound the truth with falsehood and conceal the truth, though you know? 72 And a faction of the People of the Scripture said, “Believepl in what was sent down to those who attained faith at the beginning of the day, then deny (it) at its end, that perhaps they may return. 73 But trust none except whoever has followed your pl religion.” Saysg “Indeed, (true) guidance is (only) Allah’s guidance— thata anyone can be brought the like of what youpl were brought, or theyb may debate with you before your Lord.” Say, “All grace is in Allah’s hand; He gives it to whomever He wills.” For Allah is AllEmbracing, All-Knowing. 74 He specifies His mercy for whomever He wills, for Allah is the Possessor of great grace. 75 And of the People of the Scripture is one who, if yousg entrust him with a heap (of gold), will pay it back to you. And of them is one who, if you entrust him with a (single) dinar, will not pay it back to you unless you are constantly standing over him. That is because they have said, “We are under no obligation towards the gentilesc.” And they tell lies against Allah, though they know. 76 Yes d , whoever fulfills his covenant and is mindful (of God) —then indeed, Allah loves mindful people. 77 Indeed, those who purchase, in exchange for Allah’s covenant and their oaths, a small price, those— there is no share for them in the Hereafter, nor will Allah speak to them, nor will He look at them on the Day of Resurrection, nor will He purify them, and for them is a painful punishment. 78 And indeed, of them is a group who twist their tongues with the Scripture, that youpl may think it from the Scripture while it is not from the Scripture. And they say, “It is from Allah,” while it is not from Allah. And they tell lies against Allah, though they know. 79 No person to whom Allah has given the Scripture and wise judgment and prophethood would ever say to mankind, “Be my servants apart from Allah.” Rather, “Be godlye on account of the Scripture





Ibn Kathir read it as: “. . . Allah’s guidance. Can anyone be brought the like of what youpl were brought, or can they debate with you before your Lord?” b A grammatical shift from singular to plural. c Literally ‘the unlettered’. d Answering their claim that they are under no obligation towards the gentiles. e Literally ‘Lordly’. Qa

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SURAH 3- AL ‘IMRâN

h h h h i h h û ğ hh h i ihh ğ `ǽ ĵŲh ͏ `źųi Űšû Ȭh űû Ÿbh Bj Ŋŭů‹ jĬ‹ ȇ `źɉźŪɆb ðjĬ‹ û h i i h û i h h Šh û iğ i h û i h h h ^źŪȬh űğ Ȫ Cźğ ĸi Ġȍ‹bh űh Ȳơ‹ b Ķɮjŭů‹ Ĭ‹ ŷžjȩİŽ `= Ǭ g ȼj ů k l i i l h ğ i i q h i j ŶŰjğ ɉ AźŵźŬ ŴȲ j Š ɧbh jĬ‹ `b j I ŴjŲ Ǔj AIĵĸjŠ AźŵźŬ Mĵ h h i i h h h Šh û h i k h i û i i h h k Šğ h `źŎi Ki ʼnû Ļ űû ļŶ Ŭ ĵųjɅb Ķɮjŭů‹ `źųj Űšȩ űļŶŬ ĵųjķ ŴāZjžj ŶɐK h h h Ģh hû l i ğh h û i h iûh hh ųɉ‹ AbŊň ô ĵeķĵɅh Kû = Ŵāh Zjžk j ȼğȍ‹bh ĹŭjɌˁ j ļȩ `= űȡŋɊįŽ ƅb ͐ h h h h û h i û i i iûhh i = Jû ? ʼnh šû Ȩh ŋŧû Ȳ ŊŇ= J˯ ͑ `źųji Űŏû ŲĠ űļŵ ůĭ ķ ű ȱ ŋɊįŽɁ j j j h û m i h k i iûh h h h k ğ h h iğ űğ Ȫ pĹųh ŭjńbh Ķ p ŠɮjŬ ŴjŲ űȲļɀĻA; ĵųɉ ŴāZjžjȼȍ‹ ŨŠɯžjŲ Ĭ‹ i h h hk x k h Ġ x i h û i hm h ğ i Ųİû iȋh űû Ȳ šŲ ĵųj ɉ \jʼnŕŲ ^źŎK űȱ;ĵŁ Ājŷjķ Ǻj h h h i Š Š û i û h hh û i û hûhh h h iğ i i hh h û û ˌdǮ j j ? űȲj ůə ȇ űȩŊŇ=b űȩKŋũ=; ^ĵũ ÿô ŷŵDzŶȋb i h h úhhh l i h û h h h h û hûh lmi h h ʼnŹɺů‹ Šj ğ Ŵjh Ųk űȲ šŲ ĵŵɁb AbʼnŹőĭŦ ^ĵũ ô ĵŵKŋũ= Aźɉĵũ ͒ ŴŽj h h i Š h û i i h Ģ h l i h h Šh h û h Šğ h h h h h û Ťh ȯh = ͓ `ź Ū jŏʁů‹ űŸ ūjɌʤbįŦ ūj ɉə ʼnšȨ ȠźĻ Ŵųȯ Ǟ hû h h iûh ğ ğ Ǎ ŴŲh űh Űh Ŏû h= ÿm Ȕi h bh `ź Šj ʆh Š ʅh ŏɉ‹ j Ɓ‹b D P˱ ŤĸȬ jĬ‹ ŴŽj j j I i h mhh ğ h i h ûi ûh qû h h qû h ğh h ûi ^Ōŵ j = ĵŲb jĬĭjķ ĵŶŲA; Ůũ ͔ `źšŁŋŽ jŷȎ˯ ĵŸŋȡb ȕźŚ hh h i m hh hûh h h h Ŏ˯ û û h ŸŠɷh ûķ? ȇ Ģ ŮžjšŠʅh Ŏ˯ űžj ^Ōŵ Ũh Šɳ j j = ĵŲb ĵŶžŰŠ i h h Ŏû hƁ‹û bh Bź h Ūi šû Ɇh bh h = m ĵŲh bh Qĵ Š h Ɋi Șb Š h Šbh ƽź j ĸ `źžĠ j ȼğȍ‹bh ƿɀj j h hûh i hi h û kğ h ûh h `źųji Űŏû Ɋi ÿȔi Ŵi Ɨbh űû Źi Ŷjû Ųk ʼnp ńh = ǻ Ȩ \ŋj k ŧȫ ƅ űŹj j ɅK ŴjŲ h û hû h hûh hh h û hh i Ǎj źh Ÿbh ŷi Ŷjû Ų Ůĸh ŪȬi ŴŰŦ ĵŶŽjq I űj Š ʄŎû ƃ‹ j ǞȮ jŢļȼŽ ŴŲb ͕ h iğ h h h û h h Ǫj Šɴ ů‹ ŴjŲ j Cŋjh Ň˖‹ ĵŲq źû ũ Ĭ‹ djʼnŹû Ȭh ťžû Ŭ ͖ ŴɆ j h ğ ğ h lm i h h û Šh h û h l i h h x i m űi Ÿ;h ĵŁh bh Ũk ńh ^źŎi ŋɉ‹ `= AbʼnŹj őb űŹj j ŶʅŽj? ʼnšȨ Abŋŧȱ i h iğ h i hkhû h ğ hû hû h h ųjۊɾů‹ ūjɌʤĢ bl = ͗ ǻ _źŪů‹ djʼnŹû Ȭh ƅ Ĭ‹ b ĺ j ô ŠɰjžȊ‹ h Ģh hû h ğ hhû h û ûh h ğ h û i imh h h û h j ğȍ‹bh jĹŭ h šƦ ǻ j = Mĵ j Ɍˁųɉ‹b jĬ‹ ĹŶšů űŹj žŰŠ `= űŸ>AŌŁ h û hi h h i i Ŋh šh ů‹ űi Źi Ŷû ȭh ťi ŧğ ƞ h Ȓj Š ɗh ͘ űû Ÿ ƅbh BA ƅ ĵŹžjȯ ŴŽj ğ h l i h û h h h Šh û h ü l i h h ğ ğ h h `jıŦ AźŅ ŰŔ=b ūj ɉə ʼnj šȨ ŴŲj AźķĵĻ ŴŽjȑ‹ ƅj? ͙ `bŋi ŞŶiŽ i h h ğ ğ h ? ʼnh šû Ȩh l Abŋi ŧh ȱ hğ f ńKğ xKźŧi Ȯh Ĭ‹ űğ Ȫ űû Źj j ŶŠʅŽ ŴŽjȑ‹ `j? ͚ űžj j

which youpl used to teacha and on account of what you used to learn.” 80 Nor would he command you to take the angels and the prophets as lords. Would he command you to denial after you became Muslimsb? 81 And recall when Allah took the pledge of the (followers of the) prophets, “Inasmuch as Ic have given you pl of scripture and wisdom, should a messenger come to you confirming what you have, you shall certainly believe in him and you shall certainly support him.” He said, “Have you consented and taken up that heavy load towards Me upon yourselves?” They said, “We have consented.” He said, “Then bear witness, and I am with you among the witnesses.” 82 So whoever turns away after that—those are the defiantly disobedient. 83 Do theyd seek other than the religion of Allah, when to Him has submitted whoever is in the heavens and the earth, willingly and reluctantly, and to Him they will be returnede? 84 Saysg, “We have attained faith in Allah, and in what was sent down upon us, and in what was sent down upon Abraham and Ishmael and Isaac and Jacob and the Grandsonsf, and in what was brought to Moses and Jesus and the prophets from their Lord. We make no distinction between any of them, and to Him we are Muslimsb.” And whoever seeks other than Islam as a 85 religion—it will not be accepted from him, and in the Hereafter he is one of the losers. 86 How will Allah guide a people who denied after their attainment of faith and (after) having witnessed that the Messenger is true and (after) evident explanations had come to them, when Allah does not guide the unjust people? 87 Those—their repayment is that upon them falls the curse of Allah and of the angels and of all mankind, 88 abiding therein; never will the punishment be lightened for them, nor are they given respite— 89 except those who repented afterwards and reformed, for Allah is indeed OftForgiving, Bestowing of mercy. 90 Indeed, those who denied after their belief then increased in denial—their repentance will not be accepted, for

 it as: “. . . used to know and . . .” All except for Ibn ʻAmer, ʻAsem, Hamza, Al Kesa’i and Khalaf read  used is Muslimoon which means those who willingly submit to God, regardless of which prophet they The Arabic word followed. Qc Nafieʻ and Abu Jaʻfar read it as: “Inasmuch as We have given you . . .” Hamza read it as: “Because of what I have given you of scripture and wisdom, then a messenger has come to you . . .” Qd All except for Abu ʻAmr, Hafs and Yaʻqub read it as: “Do youpl seek . . .” Qe Yaʻqub read it as: “and to Him they return.” All except for Hafs and Yaʻqub read it as: “and to Him youpl return.” f The different prophets of the Israelites. Qa b

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h Ġ ğ h h ûi ğ ûi l i hû i h h i `źůĮŘɉ‹ űi Ÿ ūjɌʤĢ bl =bh űû Źi ļi Ʌh źû Ļ Ůĸh Ūȩ Ŵů ˊŋq ŧȱ AbIAIL‹ h û hh x ği û ih l i hh l ihh h ğ ğ Ŵjû Ų Ůĸh ŪȬi ŴŰŦ Kĵ ŧŬ űŸb AźĻĵŲb Abŋŧȱ ŴŽjȑ‹ `j? ͛ hû û h i h h h û hh qh h Š ʼnh ļh ȯ‹ j Ɓ‹ ;i ŮjŲk űjŸʼnj ńh = űû Źi ɉ ūjɌʤĢ bl = mĀjñŷjķ c źj ɉb ĵĸŸJ P˱ h f h h ğ k h h ğ ûů‹ l AźiɉĵŶh ȩh Ŵůh ͜ ŴɆ h Dz Š ğ ńh ǚ Ʋ ŊŠ jj Šɓ ŴjŲ űŹi ɉ ĵŲbh űx Ȏj = BA j i l l h h Ġ i i h ğ `ğ ıhŦ p;ƾ û ŴjŲ AźŪi jŧŶiĻ ĵŲh bh ` Ājŷjķ Ĭ‹ ô źĸjƕ ĵųjğ Ɋ AźŪjŧŶĻ j ğ h k q Ġi ğ ȁø x ŰŠh m j hȊj Ɔjk ń `h ǽh _ĵ j šh śů‹ ͝ űžj ĵŲh ƅj? ŮŽj;Ģʴh Ŏû j ? ƴ ûi i ğ hğhi h ûh û h Šh h i Ģ h û h ğ h Ůũ ô ŊƊKh źû ȋ‹ ^ǣȩ `= Ůj ĸȰ ŴjŲ Ājŷ jŏŧȫ ȇ ŮŽj;ʴŎj? _ŋń i i m h h ûi h û h Š h ûğ l iûh h h Š Ŵj ųȯ ͞ ǻjȰʼnj ɞ űļŶŬ `j ? ĵŸźŰĻĭŦ jĹƊKźȋĭjķ AźĻɂŦ h Ģ h l i h h Šh û h ü h h û ğ h h Š h h û iűŸi ū j ɌʤbįŦ ūj ɉə ʼnj šȨ ŴŲj BjŊŭů‹ jĬ‹ ȇ cǛȯ‹ q h h Šh û h ğ l i ğ h i ğ h h h û i ğ h ðĵŧžj Ŷń űžjŸɷķj? ĹŰjɊ AźšjĸĻĭŦ ñĬ‹ \ʼnŔ Ůũ ͟ `źųji ۊɾů‹ ğ ɉ şh ŗbi ĺžû Ȩh ^h bğ h= `ğ ? ͠ ǻj h ȡǬû ųi û ɉ‹ Ŵjh Ų `h ǽh ĵŲh bh j ŶŰj Mĵ j p j j ğh û k h ğ h h ųۊɿh Űj ů cʼnq Ÿi bh Ȣq Kh ĵĸh Ųi Ĺh ŭ ü i Š ɔAh ;h jŷžjȯ ͡ ǻ ĺ ĸjķ djȓɉ j hh ğ h h h h h i hğ x hkh h ŸŠɷh ûķ? _ĵ ȇ jĬj bh ñĵŶjq ŲA;h `ǽ ÿŷi ŰŇI ŴŲh bh ðűžj j ŪŲ ĺŠɰjžȨ q h h h h û ŴŲh ĺžû hȊ‹û ŀjĠ ń Mĵ j ğȍ‹ ŋh ŧȱ ŴŲh bh ô ƆžjȼŎh jŷûȎj? Sĵśh ļh Ŏ‹ j j h û hûhĢh ûi h h h û h Ğ ţh Ĭ h ğ ‹ `ğ ıhŦ Š űjh ɉ Ķ ɮj j j ŭů‹ ŮŸįʑ Ůũ ͢ ǻųj ۊɿů‹ Ŵj Š ƴ j h i h û h h Šh h f h i ğ h ğ h iiû h hŠ ͣ `źŰųšȩ ĵŲ ȇ ʼnžŹj ő Ĭ‹b jĬ‹ ĺ j ɔ˲ `bŋŧȲĻ h Ġ i h h ğ h û hûhĢh ûi h ŴŠh `b Š Ŵû Ųh jĬ‹ Ůž ȼ Ŏ ʼn ŕ Ļ űj ɉ Ķ ɮj j ŭů‹ ŮŸįʑ Ůũ j j h h iğ hh imh h i ûi h qh hh iûh h h h h ĵųğ ȭ Ůg jŧŠʀjķ Ĭ‹ ĵŲb ñ ;AʼnŹő űļŵ=b ĵŁźjŠ ĵŹȫźŤĸȩ ŴŲA; h h l l q h i i h ihûh h ȑ‹ğ ĵŹh ȬĠ ɂʑ Ģ ͤ `ź Ŵjh Ųk ĵŪɆŋj Ŧ Aźšž śj Ļ `j? Aźm Ŷi ŲAh ;h ŴŽj Űųšȩ i û l i Ġ ih h Šh i h ğ h û i Šh h û h h ŋjŧŠɦ ű Ȳj Ŷ ʅŽ ? ʼn š Ȩ ű ȡb ͥ ŴɆ I ŋ Ž Ķ ɮj ŭ ů‹ Aź Ļb= ŴŽjȑ‹ j j h h ğ i û h Šh û i û i h h i i û h h û h h i Š ɔAh ;h űû Ȳ žŰŠ ǔļȩ űļŵ=b `bŋŧȲĻ ťžȡb jĬ‹ ĺ hŠ h i û h h ğ i i i Ŏi Kh űû Ȳ Ǔj? djʼnŸ ʼnŪȯ jĬĭjķ űŕj ļh šû Ȭh ŴŲh bh ÿñ Ȕź žjȯbh h h h û Ġ h h ğ l AźŪi ȩ‹ğ l AźŶi ŲAh ;h ŴŽj h ȑ‹ğ ĵŹh ȬĠ ɂʑ Ģ ͦ ˈž Ũğ ńh Ĭ‹ j p jŪļŏŲ Qp Š ɷŔ h ğ h l i hû h hi h i ih h i =bh ƅ? Ŵğ ȩź Aźųŕj ļȭ‹b ͧ `źųji Űŏû ŲĠ űļŵ ųȩ ƅb ĀjŷjĻĵŪȩ j

those are the ones who have gone astray. 91 Indeed, those who denied and died as deniers—not even as much as the earth full of gold would be accepted from any of them, were he to offer it for ransom. Those—for them is a painful punishment, and for them there are no helpers. 92 Youpl will not attain virtue until you spend of what you love, for whatever you spend of anything, Allah is indeed All-Knowing of it. 93 All food was permissible to the Children of Israel except what Israel forbade for himself before the Torah was bestowed from on higha. Saysg, “Bring the Torah and read it, if youpl are truthful.” 94 Then whoever fabricates lies about Allah after that—then those are the unjust. 95 Saysg, “Allah has spoken the truth. So follow pl the creed of Abraham who turned away from all that is false—and never was he one of the polytheists.” 96 Indeed, the first House established for mankind is surely the one at Bakkah, blessed, and a guidance for (all creatures in) all realms. 97 In it are evident signs: the standing place of Abraham, and (that) whoever enters it becomes secure. Thus, pilgrimage to the House is a duty to Allah upon mankind—whoever can make a way to it. Yet whoever has denied, then Allah is indeed Self-Sufficient (without need for any of the creatures) of all realms. 98 Saysg, “O People of the Scripture, why do you deny the signs of Allah, when Allah witnesses whatever you do?” 99 Say, “O People of the Scripture, why do you bar from the way of Allah whoever has attained faith, seeking to make it crooked, even though you are witnesses? And Allah is not oblivious of what you do.” 100 O you who have attained faith, if you obey a group of those who were given the Scripture, they turn you after having attained faith into deniers. 101 And how could you deny when Allah’s signsb are being read to you and among you is His Messenger? And whoever holds fast to Allah has surely been guided to a straight path. 102 O you who have attained faith, be mindful of Allah as is His due, and do not die except as Muslims. 103 And hold fast to the lifeline of Allah, all together, and do not become disunited. And remember Allah’s blessing upon you: how you were enemies, then He reconciled between your hearts, and by His blessing you became brethren.



Ibn Kathir, Abu ʻAmr and Yaʻqub read it as: “. . . before the Torah was sent down.” The Arabic word used is ayat (singular ayah). Ayah means ‘sign’ or ‘proof’. It is also used to denote the unit of text in the Qur’an, like ‘verse’ in poetry or ‘sentence’ in prose. Each such unit is considered a ‘sign’ from God. Qa b

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û h l iğhh hh q h ğ ğ h h ųh šjû ŵ l Abŋi Ŭi J‹ b Aźô ũŋŧȩ ƅb ĵšžjƦ jĬ‹ Ůj ĸû Ɣ jĬ‹ ĺ j h h ii hûh hğ h m û i i ûh h i Ŭi Jû ? űû Ȳ űû ȲjɅźŰũ ǻ žŰŠ Ȩ ťůɂŦ ;q Aʼnh Š= űû ļŶ j h û h h Š h û i i h qŠh û m h û û ĸh Ŕû hįhŦ Ŵjh Ųk p ˅ŋh ŧńi ĵŧő ȇ űļŶȡb ĵŵʆŇj? Ājŷjļųšj Ŷjķ űļi Ņ h i h i ğ i k h i h Šh h h û k i h h h h ğ ĀjŷjļŠ ɔA;h űû Ȳů Ĭ‹ ǻj ȼŽ ūj ɉɶŬ ñĵŹŶjŲ űȱŊŪŵįŦ jKĵȍ‹ h h i û h x ği û i k i hû h h h i ğ h Ǔj? `źŠʼnŽ ĹŲ= űȲŶjŲ ŴȲȋb ͨ `bʼni ļh Źû ȩ űû ȲŰšh ů û h iû h h h û hûhh û û û Ƣ‹ hû j ŋi šųh ɉĭjķ `bŋi Ɋi įɆh bh Ǟ ˏŋj ŭŶųɉ‹ Ŵj Š `źŹŶɆb [b j l iğhh h ğ h l i i h hh h i û iû i i h Ģhlih Aźũŋŧȩ ŴŽjȑĭŬ AźŵźȲĻ ƅb ͩ `źŅj Űŧųɉ‹ űŸ ūjɌʤb=b l ihhû h h h i i hkhû i i hm h h û h űû Źi ɉ ūjɌʤĢ bl =bh ĺ ô ŠɰjžȊ‹ űŸ;ĵŁ ĵŲ ʼnj šȨ Ŵü Ųj AźŧŰļҋbh ğĵŲhįhŦ x aźŁi bi IĠ źh ŏû h ȶbh x aźŁi bi ŖĠ žh ûȼhĻ _h źû hŽ ͪ űž f Ŋh Šh x Şj Šh BA ô l i ih û i h hûh iûhh h û ii i i û ğh û h ğ AźũbŊŦ űȲj ŶŠʅŽj? ʼnšȨ űĻŋŧȱ= űŹŸźŁb DIźŎ‹ ŴŽjȑ‹ ğ h h iû h i i h h h hû û Řğ žh Ȩ‹û ŴŽ h ȑ‹ ĺ j ĵŲğ =bh ͫ `bŋi ŧȲĻ űû ļŶ Ŭ ĵųjķ BAŊšů‹ h i Šh h û i ğ h û i i i h û Kh ǏhŦ űû Źi Ÿź ūŰj Ļ ͬ `bȒ j ɗ ĵŹžjȯ űŸ ðjĬ‹ jĹƧ Łb j û i i i i ğ h h k hû h h h h i h ğ i Šh h ĵųq Űŝ ʼnɆ ŋj Ž Ĭ‹ ĵŲb ˍŨj ơĭjķ ūžû ŰŠ ĵŸźŰļû ȫ jĬ‹ ĺ ɔA; h û h h h h ğ Ǎ ĵŲh jĬğ j bh ͭ ǻ h ųhۊɿh ûŰj ků Ǔ˯ P˱ j Š ʆŠʅŏɉ‹ j ˏ j Ɓ‹ Ǎj ĵŲbh D j i i i ğ û Łh ŋŇû = ĹŲğ = Ǟ i Ŭi ͮ Kź h û Ňh űû ļŶ i Ɋi Ɓ‹û şi Łh ŋû iĻ jĬ‹ j ŶŰjğ ɉ ĺ Mĵ g j ûh ğ h i ûi h û h h hûh û û h j ŋi šųh ɉĭjķ `bŋi Ɋi įĻ ñjĬĭjķ `źŶjŲİĻbh ŋj ŭŶųi ɉ‹ Ŵj Š `źû ŹŶȩbh [b ğ qû h h h h h û û h û i û h h h h ûh h Š Ň `Ǿů Ķ ɮj `źŶji Ųİųi ɉ‹ űi Źi Ŷjû Ųk űˏ Źi ɉ ˊǞ j ŭů‹ ŮŸ= ŴŲA; źɉb hq m ğ û i i h h h i Šhû i i ih û hh Ġ Ž Ŵů ͯ `ź `˯ ðcJ= ƅj? űȡbǴ Ū jŏʁů‹ űŸǜȱ=b h û h i Ġ hi û i i Šhi h i h i i û Ʌh ǰ ğ Ȫi Kĵ h hķIû Ɓ‹ űi ȡź ĺ Ͱ `b DzŶ Ž ƅ ű ůźŽ űȡźŰjļʂŽ j h ğ l hh iğk i i ğ Ŵjh Ųk Ůp ĸû ńh bh jĬ‹ Ŵjh Ųk Ůp ĸû hƔj ƅj? Aźm ŧjŪľ ĵŲh Ŵh Ȭû Ɂ Ĺůjȑ‹ űi Źj žû ŰŠ hh û h i h ğ h Ųk ĶŘh Ťh ķ b;i m ĵɅh bh Mĵ j ğȍ‹ űi Źj žû ŰŠ ĺ Ʌǰ Ĭ ‹ Ŵj b j j j p l i h ğh h h ihh û û h iû ğ h jĬ‹ ĺ j Š ɔ˲ `bŋi ŧȲhŽ Aźŵǽ űû Źi ȫɂjķ ūj ɉŠə ô ĹŶŭŏųh ɉ‹ l i h ğ l h h h h Šh k h û h h m h h û h i i û h h Aźŵǽb AźŕŠ ĵųjķ ūj ɉə Ũ ˏp ń Ǟ j Ťjķ ;ĵžjĸ˩Ɓ‹ `źŰļŪɆb x h mh x ği Šh û û h û k qmh h l i ûh h ihûh Ĺųjɋĵũ ĹŲ= Ķ j ɮjŭů‹ Ůj Ÿ= ŴjŲ ñ ;AźŎ Aźŏɀůø ͱ `bʼnļšȬ

And you were on the brink of a pit of fire, then He rescued you from it. Allah thus clarifies His signs for youpl, that you may be guided. 104 And let there be a community from among you who call to goodness and command to what is fair and forbid what is deplorable, for those are the successful. 105 And be not like those who became disunited and disputed after the evident explanations had come to them, for for those is a great punishment— 106 on a day when some faces are whitened and some faces are blackened. So as for those whose faces werea blackened: “Did you deny after having attained faith?” Then taste the punishment on account of what you used to deny. 107 And as for those whose faces were whitened— (they are) in Allah’s mercy; therein they abide. 108 Those are the signs of Allah; We read them to yousg in truth. And Allah wants no injustice for (all creatures of) all realms. 109 Thus, to Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth, and to Allah all matters are returnedb. 110 You have been the best community that was ever brought forth for mankind: you command to what is fair and forbid what is deplorable and believe in Allah. For had the People of the Scripture believed, it would have been better for them. Some of them are believers, but most of them are defiantly disobedient. 111 They do not harm youpl beyond hurtfulness. And if they combat you they will turn around and flee, then they will not be supported. 112 They have been stricken with humiliation wherever they are caught, except through a lifeline from Allah and a lifeline from the people. And they have incurred wrath from Allah and have been stricken with destituteness. That is because they used to deny Allah’s signs and unjustifiably kill the prophets. That is because they disobeyed and used to transgress. 113 They are not alike: of the People of the Scripture is a community that is upright—they read Allah’s signsc throughout the night while prostrating themselves. 114 They believe in Allah and the Last Day and command to what is fair and forbid what is deplorable and hasten towards good works, for those are of the righteous.





Frequently the Qur’an addresses the events of the Hereafter in past tense; this grammatical shift should be pondered by the reader. Qb Ibn ʻAmer, Hamza, Al Kesa’i, Yaʻqub and Khalaf read it as: “. . . and to Allah all matters return.” c The Arabic word used is ayat (singular ayah). Ayah means ‘sign’ or ‘proof’. It is also used to denote the unit of text in the Qur’an, like ‘verse’ in poetry or ‘sentence’ in prose. Each such unit is considered a ‘sign’ from God. a

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h h i ûh û i h ûğ hmh h ğ û h h iû `źŶji ŲİiŽ Ͳ `bʼni ł ŏȹ űŸb Ůj Ȏ‹ ;ĵŵA; jĬ‹ ĺ j Š ɔA;h `źŰļȬh û û ğ h h û û h Ŵj Š `źû Źh Ŷû Ɇh bh [b j ŋi šųh ɉĭjķ `bŋi Ɋi įɆh bh ŋjj Ň˖‹ _j źû hȎ‹bh jĬĭjķ h i Šhi h h iû ğ h h Ģ h l i h Šh û hû h Ņj ۊɻů‹ ǻ ŴjŲ ūjɌʤb=b D ȹb ŋj ŭŶųɉ‹ j ˌ j ɷžƢ‹ Ǎj `źŠŋj ɹ l h i h ûh û hû i h ûh hh i ğ ‹bh ab i ŰŠh Ĭ ü űžj ñ i ŋi ŧȲŽ ŴŰŦ Ǟ p Ň ŴjŲ AźŰšŧȬ ĵŲb ͳ i h h h ûi h l ih h h ğ ğ h Ūļğ ųi û ɉĭķ Ť ȩ Ŵ ů Ab ŋ ŧ ȱ ŴŽj ȑ‹ ` ? ǻ űû Źi ɉŠʆh Ųû = űû Źi Ŷû ȭ ƴ ʹ j j j j h i h h i ğ i Š h û h Ģ l h ðĵn q û h ğ h k i i Š û h m h h űû Ÿ ˌjKĵȍ‹ ĶɳŔ= ūjɌʤb=b Zžő jĬ‹ ŴjŲ űŸʼnɧb= ƅb ih û Ġ Š h hû h i Šh h h i h j Cźžơ‹ j aŊj Šɪ Ǎj `źŪjŧŶiŽ ĵŲh ŮĿŲh ͵ `bȒ j ɗ ĵŹžjȯ ĵžh ȫȐ‹ h h l h i h h h û hķĵŔh = Ǯ h ȯ ŃɆK ŮĿh ųh Ŭh Ğ j ĵŹžj űû Źi ŏh ŧŵ= Aźm ųi Űŝ ˉp źû ũ Eŋû ńh ĺ p j j h h h h i û h û i h i û Š h iğ i ih h hh iûh h ûhh Ͷ `źųj ŰŞȬ űŹŏŧŵ= ŴȲ j ɧb Ĭ‹ űŹųŰŝ ĵŲb ŷô ļŭŰŸįŦ h û i l q i ğh h l ih h h ğ h ĠhĢh h i ƅ űȲj ŵbI ŴjŲk Ĺŵĵśh j ķ AbŊň j ļȩ ƅ AźŶŲA; ŴŽjȑ‹ ĵŹȬɂʑ m h û û i h iûh h hķ ʼnû hũ űû ļjĠ ŶŠh ĵŲh l AbIĠ bh ƅĵq ĸh Ňh űû Ȳ Ŵjû Ų ;i ĵŘŤhȊ‹ D ʼn ŵźɉɂŽ j h ûh h ih û ûi i h ii i i űi Ȳů ĵŶğ ɀğ hķ ʼnû ũ ôǚ ȱ= űû ŸKb ʼnŔ Ǐj ƛ ĵŲh bh űû Źj jŸŠ ʆh Ŧ= h h i mh i i hĢh h i h i i h ƅbh űû Źi ȫźĸjĠ ƕ ;j ƅbl = űû ļŵ įʧ ͷ `źŰjŪšû ȩ űû ļŶ Ŭ `j? ĺ ˌ j Š ɔ˖‹ lmi h û i ih h ki h û h i ûih û i h Ġ i Aźɉĵũ űȡźŪů AJ˯ Ājŷjǿ Ķ j Šɮjŭůĭjķ `źŶjŲİĻb űȲŵźĸjƘ ûi ûh û h h hh û i i ûh h l Ġ h lûh h h ğ h h ˏ j žŤů‹ ŴjŲ ŮjɊĵŵƁ‹ űȲžŰŠ AźŘŠ AźŰŇ AJ˯ ĵŶŲA; Ůũ Ŝ h hğ ğ û i ûh l i i Ġ DAŊh ķ ü űžj `j? ñűȲŞj žŤjķ AźĻźɊ `j? ͸ jKbʼni ŕɉ‹ j j i ŰŠ Ĭ‹ l i hûh x h k h û i û i h i û h x i AźńŋŧȬ ĹĴjɀŎ űȲĸŕj Ļ `˯ űû Ÿİŏi ȶ ĹŶh ŏh ńh űû Ȳŏû ŏh ųû ȩ ğ h i h i Ġ i h h l iğhh l i û h `j? ñĵnZe žû ő űû Ÿʼni žû Ŭ űû ȱǴ Ž ƅ AźŪļȩb Abǚj ŕĻ `˯ ðĵŹh j ķ i i h ûh h ih ûh h hğ h h û x Ƥi `ź @jźk ĸh ȩ ūj ŰŸ= Ŵjû Ų Dbû ʼnh ţ J˯ ͹ řžj ŰųšȬ ĵųjķ Ĭ‹ û h û h ŶŲj İû ųi û ɉ‹ i ğ ‹bh ^ĵļh jŪŰj ɉ ʼnh jšŠʂh Ųh ǻj f ųj Ŏh Ĭ f ŰŠh şž ĺųğ Ÿ Jj? ͺ űžj ˍj ğ hh i hh m ğ i ğ bh Ɔh Œh ŧû ȩh `h= űû ȲŶj Ų `ĵ jĬ‹ ȇbh ñĵųh Źi ȎĠ j bh Ĭ‹ j ļŧjɋĵŚ h i û iû ğhhhûh i h=bh Kʼnû ĸh ķ Ĭ‹ i ğ űi ȡi Dz h h hŵ ʼnû Ūh hůbh ͻ `ź ŶjŲİųɉ‹ Ȥ űû ļŵ j j źļžŰŦ p l ğ i ih û h i h û ğ h x ğ h h i h ğ AźŪi ȩĭ ^źŪȩ Jj? ͼ `bŋi ŭŒȶ űû ȲŰšh ů Ĭ‹ Ŧ ð ĹůjJ= hh Š h i Ġ h û i ğ i h û i h û h h h h û i û jĹĿʄĿjķ űȲɅK űȱʼnųj Ž `= űȲžjŧȲŽ ŴůɁ ǻj ŶŲj İųŰj ɉ

And whatever good theya do, they will not be denied it, for Allah is All-Knowing of those who are mindful (of Him). 116 Those who have denied— surely, neither their wealths nor their children will avail them anything against Allah, for those are the fellows of the Fire; therein they abide. 117 The parable of what they spend in this Earlier Life is that of a frosty wind that struck the field of a people who had been unjust to themselves and annihilated it. And Allah was not unjust to them; rather, they are unjust to themselves. 118 O you who have attained faith, do not take outsiders for confidants: they never cease to cause you confusion. They have (always) loved to see you suffer. Hatred has already appeared from their mouths, but what their chests hide is bigger. We have already made the messages evident for you, if you have been reasoning. 119 There youpl are, loving them whereas they do not love you, and you believe in the entire Scripture. And when they encounter you, they say, “We have attained faith,” but when they are alone, they bite their fingers in rage at you. Saysg, “Diepl in your rage. Indeed, Allah is All-Knowing of what lies within the chests.” 120 If any good touches youpl, it upsets them. But if anything evil befalls you, they rejoice at it. Yet if you persevere patiently and become mindful (of God), their plots will not harm you at all. Indeed, Allah is All-Encompassing of what they do. 121 And recall when yousg left your household in the morning, assigning battlepositions for the believers. For Allah is All-Hearing, All-Knowing. 122 Recall when two factions of youpl almost faltered, but Allah was their Ultimate Guardian. So in Allah let the believers place their trust. 123 And Allah had very truly given you pl support at Badr when you were humbleb. So be mindful of Allah, that you may give thanks. 124 Recall sayingsg to the believers, “Shall it not suffice you that your Lord should help you with three thousand angels sent downc?” 125 Yes indeed, (but) if youpl persevere patiently and become mindful (of God) and they attack you suddenly, your Lord will aid you with five thousand angels having marksd (of  Allah did not make it except as distinction). 126 And glad tidings for you and so that your hearts should 115



All except Hafs, Hamza, Al Kesa’i and Khalaf read it as: “And whatever good youpl do, you will not be denied it . . .” They were lesser in number and in weaponry. c Ibn ʻAmer read it as: “. . . three thousand angels bestowed from on high?” Qd All except Ibn Kathir, Abu ʻAmr, ʻAsem and Yaʻqub read it as: “. . . five thousand marked angels.” Qa b

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l iğhh l i û h h Ģ h h û h k Šh h h h ůǣ h Ųi Ĺj ŭ Ģ hķ ͽ ǻj AźŪļȩb Abǚj ŕĻ `j? ô ǔ j Ɍˁųɉ‹ ŴjŲ ťp ɧA; i iû h h h h i i û jĹŏh ųû ƚj űȲɅĠ Kh űû ȱIjʼnųû Ȭi AŊŠɪ űjû ŸjKźû Ŧ ŴjŲk űȡźĻɂɆh bh ğ iğ ihh h hh h h h Ģh hû h k h Ųźk ŏh Ɋi jĹŭ ƅj? Ĭ‹ ŷŰšŁ ĵŲb ; ǻj j Ɍˁųɉ‹ ŴjŲ ťp Š ɧA; j ğ i û ğ hh i i ii ğ h ûh h û i h Š h ûi ȍ‹ ĵŲb Ājñŷjķ űȲɅź Űũ ŴjɌųś jȋb űȲů cǬȵ Ŵjû Ų ƅj? Dz ğ ğ h ȑ‹ Ŵjh Ųk ĵŦq ŋh Śh şh śh Ūû Ȏ h û ŌɆŌšh ûů‹ jĬ‹ h j Ϳ űj žjŭơ‹ ʼnj ŶjŠ ŴŽj j j h l l h h m h hh û ih û h û m ihh h h ĸɋĵŇh Aźĸji ŰŪŶ Ŵjh Ų ūɉ ōh ûɀů ΀ ǻ žȯ űŹļjĸȲŽ b= Abŋŧȱ jj h h k h h ğ h h h ih ûh f û h ûhû `źųji ۊɡ űû Źi ȫjıŦ űû Źi Ȩjh Ŋšh Ȭi bû = űû Źj žû ŰŠ Bź ļȬ b= ;ƾ ŋj ɊƁ‹ hû mi h h h i û h h h h ğ Ǎ ĵŲh jĬğ j bh ΁ ;ĵŒȹ Ŵųj ɉ ŋjŧŤȬ P˱ j Š ʆŠʅŏɉ‹ ˏ j Ɓ‹ Ǎj ĵŲbh D j h ğ m h i ğ bh ;i ĵŒh h ȹ ŴŲh Bj i Ŋk šh Ɇi bh x ńKğ xKźŧi Ȯ Ĭ‹ h ȑ‹ ĵŹh ȬĠ ɂʑ Ģ h ΂ űžj ŴŽj ô i ûh h l ih h h ğ l AźŪi ȩ‹ğ bh ð Ĺq ŧh šh Š ɼh ŲĠ ĵŧq Š ɿh ŗû h= l AźĢ Ʌh ŋɉ‹ k l AźŰi ȱ Ĭ‹ įĻ ƅ AźŶŲA; j i h i ûi û i ğhh û h ğȍ‹ l AźŪi ȩ‹ğ bh ΃ `ź m j ů‹ğ Kĵ Ņj Űŧȩ űȲŰšů Dʼnjğ Š= Ʋ h h û h ih ûi û i ğhh h i ğ h hğ l i h h ŋŧj Š ʃ Űj ɉ `źƧ ŋĻ űȲŰšů ^źŎŋɉ‹b Ĭ‹ AźšžjŚ=b ΄ ŴɆ j û h l i h i h ΅ ĵŹh ŗŋû Š Ĺg Ŷğ Łh bh űû ȲjɅk Kğ ŴjŲk p ˅ŋh jŧŤŲh ǓŠ j ? Aźm Ši jKĵŎh bø h i i h û h i ŠhŠh ğ h Ūļğ ųi ûŰj ɉ Dû ʼnjğ Ši= P˱ h ȑ‹ğ Ά ǻ `źŪjŧŶiŽ ŴŽj Ɓ‹b Dʆʅŏɉ‹ j h h hû h hûhû h Šh û h jmğ ğ h jmğ ğ Ŵj Š ǻj ȯĵšů‹b ŜžŤů‹ ǻųj Şj ʃů‹b ;AǴɉ‹b ;AǪɉ‹ Ǎj l ihh h h ğ h û ųi û ɉ‹ ĶjĠ Ƙi Ĭ‹ h ȿ jŏŅ i ğ bh Mĵ ğ AźŰšȯ AJj? ŴŽjȑ‹b · ǻ j ˍ j ȍ‹ l i h û h û h h ğ l i h h û i h i h l m i h h û h e h Šh AbŋŧŤļŎĭŦ Ĭ‹ AbŋŬJ űŹŏŧŵ= AźųŰŝ b= ĹŒŅ j ɤ ğ h Ġ i ûh hh û ii h iŵȑ‹ i ğ ƅ? Bź Ġ j iŽ űû h ɉbh Ĭ‹ Š h l AbDz ĵŲh ȇ ŋjŧŤȬ ŴŲb űŹj j Ʌźŵȑj j i h h x û h h i im i l i h ŴjŲk Cŋh jŧŤŲğ űŸ>AŌh Łh ūjɌʤĢ bl = Έ `źųi Űšû Ȭh űû Ÿbh AźŰšh ȯ h x Šɰğ Łh bh űû ŹɅk Kğ h ȯ ŴŽj h Ȓj Š ɗh ŋi Š ʇh ûŵƁ‹û ĵŹh j ļûƕh ŴjŲ dŋûƏh ĺ ô ĵŹžj jj j h h ûh hŠ û i û h h û h i ûh xǺh Ŏi űû Ȳj h û ŰĸȰ ŴjŲ ĺŰŇ ʼnũ Ή ǻj Űųj ɿů‹ ŋŁ= űšj ŵb hû û l i h h i h h ȨjŊk ŭųi ɉ‹ Ĺi ĸh ŪŠ ɢh `h ǽh ťh žû Ŭh l Abŋi Şŵĭ j Ɓ‹ Ǎj AbǞjŏ ǻ Ŧ P˱ Ŧ j j hh û k k ğ ů `x ĵžh Ȩh AŊh Šɪh Ί h Ūļğ ųi Űj ů xĹŞjh Šźû Ɋh bh cʼnq Ÿi bh Mĵ j ŶŰj ƅb ΋ ǻ j h ûh ûh û i i hh l ihûh hh l i h û Ġ i i h `j? Ό ǻj ŶŲj İŲ űļŶŬ `j? `źŰŠƁ‹ űļŵ=b AźŵŌƕ ƅb AźŶŹj Ļ

find comfort thereby. For support comes not except from Allah the Almighty, the All-Wise— 127 in order to cut off a fringe of those who denied or repress them so that they may return as losers. 128 Yousg have nothing (to say) regarding this matter: whether He accepts their repentance or punishes them, for they are certainly unjust. 129 Thus to Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth. He forgives whom He wills and He punishes whom He wills, for Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Bestowing of mercy. 130 O you who have attained faith, do not devour usury, multiplied (and) remultiplied, and be mindful of Allah, that you may be successful. 131 And guard yourselves against the Fire that has been prepared for the deniers. 132 And obey Allah and the Messenger, that you may obtain mercy. 133 Anda hasten towards forgiveness from your pl Lord and a Garden as wide as the heavens and the earth, prepared for the mindful (of God): 134 those who spend in prosperity and adversity, and those who restrain (their) rage, and those who forgive mankind—for Allah loves those who excel in doing good, 135 and those who, when they commit an indecency or wrong themselves, remember Allah then ask forgiveness for their misdeeds—for who forgives misdeeds except Allah? And they do not persist in their wrongdoing while they know. 136 Those—their repayment is forgiveness from their Lord and Gardens beneath which rivers f low, abiding therein, and how excellent is the reward of the workers! 137 Many rules (God set) for those before youpl have passed away, so journey through the earth and look what the outcome was for the disbelievers. 138 This is a proclamation to mankind, and guidance and an admonition for people who are mindful (of God). 139 And do not waver nor grieve, for you are the highest as long as you are believers. 140 If a blow touches you, a similar blow has surely touched the (other) people. For such days We alternate between mankind, and so that Allahb may know those who have attained faith and take witnessesc from among you. For Allah does not love the unjust. And so that Allah may purge those who have 141  eliminate the deniers. Or did attained faith and 142 you think that you would enter the Garden (of Qa b c



Nafieʻ, Ibn ʻAmer and Abu Jaʻfar read it as: “Hasten towards . . .” A grammatical shift from 1st person to 3rd person. The Arabic word used is shuhada’, which literally means ‘witnesses’ and is usually used to describe martyrs. 44

PART 4. IMRAN’S FOLK

SURAH 3- AL ‘IMRâN

h û ūŰj Ļbh l ih h AźŶŲA;

hh x h i x h hû Gŋû ũ _h źû Ūů‹ ōğ Ɋh ʼnû Ūȯ Gŋû ũ űû Ȳŏû ŏh ųû Ȭh h û Ȩh ĵŹh i ɉbAʼnh iŵ _ĵ i ğŽhƁ‹û i ğ űh hŰšû Ȏ h j bh Mĵ j ğȍ‹ ǻ Ĭ‹ j i h iğ h hmh h i û i h ğhh ğŠ h Ġ ΍ ǻųj j Űɾů‹ ĶjƘ ƅ Ĭ‹b ñ ;AʼnŹő űȲŶjŲ Ŋň j ļɆb hû ğ û l h k i j bh h ųû Ɇh bh AźŶi ŲAh ;h ŴŽj i ğ œh Ņ h ȑ‹ Ĭ‹ h ŋjŧŠʃ _= Ύ ŴɆ ů‹ Ũh Ņ j ųh Ȏ j l i h Š h h ğ i ğ h û h ğ h h h ğ hû l i i û h h û i û h AbʼnŹɕ ŴŽjȑ‹ Ĭ‹ űj ŰšȬ ĵųɉb ĹŶƠ‹ AźŰŇʼnĻ `= űļȼ jŏń ğ hhûhh û i h û h h i i û hhh h ǚŠɻů‹ űŰšɆb űȲŶjŲ Dźû ųh ɉ‹ `źû Ŷğ ųh ȩ űû ļŶ Ŭ ʼnŪůb Ώ ŴɆ jj h h û h i h i h i iiû h û hh iû h h h ûh ĵŲh bh ΐ `bŋi ŞŶĻ űû ļŵ =b aźųļȬɁK ʼnŪȯ aźŪŰĻ `= Ůj ĸȰ ŴjŲ h x ih ğ f ğhi h i Ġ h h û hŰŇh ʼnû hũ ^ź DĵŲğ ŴlŽjıŦ= ô ŮŎi ŋɉ‹ jŷjŰĸû Ȱ ŴjŲ ĺ ŎK ƅj? ʼnųƤ h h h h h h h h h û i Šh û Ģ û iûh h h i ûh ûjŷžĸh Ūj Šh ȇ Š Ķjû ŰŪŶ Ž ŴŲb űô ȲjĸʂŠ= ȇ űļĸŰŪŵ‹ Ůjļũ b= ğ iğ û žh Ŏh bh ĵnZq žû őh Ĭ‹ hğ Ǵ ğ i hŽ ŴhŰhŦ h ŋjŭɺů‹ Ĭ‹ dŌj ł ĵŲh bh Α ŴɆ ô j Š ğ h h h q h û û h h h ğ ŴŲh bh ñ ƆŁğ İŲĠ ĵĸq ŠɮjŬ jĬ‹ `j JjıjȨ ƅj? Dźųi ȩ `= ōg ŧh jȍ `ǽ Ġ BA h źh hľ Iû ŋiŽ ŴŲh bh ĵŹh Ŷjû Ų ĀjŷjĻİû iŵ ĵžh ȫû Ȑ‹ h źh hľ Iû ŋiŽ j Cŋjh Ň˖‹ BA j j h h ğ ğ û Ŷh Ŏh bh ĵŹh Ŷjû Ų ĀjŷjĻİû iŵ h ŋjŭɺů‹ k ŵ ŴjŲk ŴjkŽɂȡbh Β ŴɆ dŌj ł Ʊ ô j Š jp h h û ih h m h l ih h h h x h h Ġk i h h hh h Ůž j j ȼŎ Ǎj űŹȨĵŔ= ĵųj ɉ AźŶŸb ĵųȯ ǞjĿŬ `źžjɅjK ÿŷšŲ ŮļŠɥ i iğ h l i h h û hh l ii h hh ğ ğ h ǚŠɻů‹ Γ ŴɆ ĶjĠ Ƙ Ĭ‹ b Aźñ ŵǾļŎ‹ ĵŲb Aźŧšŗ ĵŲb jĬ‹ jj û hğ h l i h h m ğ û ihûh h h h h h iŵJi ĵhȍh ŋû jŧţ‹ ĵŶh Ʌź ĵŶɅK Aźɉĵũ `= ƅj? űŹɉźũ `ǽ ĵŲb h hû h hû i h hh hûh û khh h ûh m hh h û b ĵŶŲAʼnũ= ĺjĸȪb ĵŵŋj Ɋ= Ǎj ĵŶȯAǦ˯ _j źû Ūů‹ ȇ ĵŵDzŵ‹ h û h hh h û i h hûĠ h hh iğ i i h hh BA j źľ Ŵŏńb ĵžȫȐ‹ BAźľ Ĭ‹ űŹŠƋĻĵnZŦ Δ ŴɆŋj jŧŠʃů‹ lm i h h h ğ h Ġh h û ųi û ɉ‹ ĶjĠ Ƙi Ĭ‹ h ȿ jŏŅ i ğ bh j Cŋjh Ň˖‹ Ģ Εǻ AźŶŲA; ŴŽjȑ‹ ĵŹȬɂʑ j ˍ h ğ h l l i i hû Ģ h û Ġih i h h i śiĻ `? h ȑ‹ Aźšž űû ȲjĸŠʂŠ= ȇ űȡbIŋŽ Abŋŧȱ ŴŽj j j l h h hh i Š ûh iğ i û Ňh źh Ÿi bh ðűû Ȳ h Ǫj Š ɗh Aźĸji ŰŪŶ ļȯ Ǟ ƋůźɊ Ĭ‹ Ůj hķ Ζ ŴɆ j ğ l û i i h h ğ i h h Šû ŋɉ‹ h j Šɰů‹ Ġ Abŋi ŧh ȱ Ķ ŴŽjȑ‹ Bź j Űũ Ǎj ǐj ŰŶŎ Η ŴɆDz j û khi ûh h ğ l ih ûh mh ið Kĵğȍ‹ űi Źi Š Ɗbh įŲh bh ðĵŶq Šɽh ûŰŎi Ājŷķ ^û ǣ j j Ȭ űɉ ĵŲ jĬĭjķ AźȡǨ= ĵųjķ û ğ û û iğ i i h h h û hhh h ųjۊɾů‹ ÿm iaʼnh Šbh Ĭ‹ űȲũʼnŔ ʼnŪůb Θ ǻ cźh ĿŲh ōh ȻjɅbh j

Paradise) when Allah has not yet known those of you

who have striven and known the patient ones? 143 And most surely youpl used to wish for death before you had encountered it, but now you have surely seen it as you were beholding. 144 Thus Muhammad is no more than a messenger before whom messengers have passed on. Then will it be that if he dies or gets killed youpl will turn on your heels? For whoever turns on his heels—he will not harm Allah in any way. And Allah will repay the thankful ones. 145 For never was it for anyone to die except by Allah’s leave at a predetermined time. So whoever wants the recompense of the Earlier (Life), We a bring him of it. And whoever wants the recompense of the Hereafter, We bring him of it. And We will repay the thankful ones. 146 And how many a prophet has had numerous godlyb people combatingc alongside him? And they did not waver regardless of that which afflicted them in the way of Allah, nor did they weaken, nor did they give in. And Allah loves the patient ones. 147 And their only words were, “Our Lord, forgive us our misdeeds and our extremism in (dealing with) our matters, and strengthen our foothold and support us against the denying people.” 148 So Allah brought them the recompense of the Earlier (Life) and the most excellent recompense of the Hereafter, for Allah loves those who excel in doing good. 149 O you who have attained faith, if you obey those who have denied, they will turn you back on your heels and you will end up losers. 150 Indeed, Allah is your Patron, and He is the Best of Helpers. 151 We will throw terror into the hearts of those who have denied because they associated with Allahd (partners) for which He bestowed from on highe no authority. And their shelter is the Fire, and how miserable is the dwelling of the unjust! 152 And very truly Allah fulfilled His promise to you as you decimated them by His leave, until when you faltered and disagreed with each other about the matter and disobeyed after He had shown you what you love: of you is one who wants the Earlier (Life), and of you is one who wants the Hereafter. Then He turned you away from  But very truly He has pardoned them to test you.

iû ÿô ŷi ŰĿjŲk h ȑ‹ğ ŴŽj



A grammatical shift from 3rd person to 1st person. Literally ‘Lordly’. Qc Nafieʻ, Ibn Kathir, Abu ʻAmr and Yaʻqub read it as: “. . . numerous godly people killed alongside him?” d A grammatical shift from 1st person to 3rd person. Qe Ibn Kathir, Abu ʻAmr and Yaʻqub read it as: “. . . for which He sent down no authority.” a

b

45

PART 4. IMRAN’S FOLK

SURAH 3- AL ‘IMRâN

hû û h h ğ h û h h Ġ ih û Ģ ń ĀjðŷjŵJû j ıjȨ űŹi ȫź ŋj Ɋû Ɓ‹ Ǎj űû ļi ȭŌh Šɰh Ļbh űû ļi Ű jŒŦ AJj? Ʋ ŏƕ Jj? h i mh û h Ġ i ğ i k i h h ŴŲğ űȲŶjŲ `ź ô ĸjƕ ĵŲ űȲŠƊKh = ĵŲ ʼnj šȨh Ŵü Ųj űļžû ŕŠbh

you, for Allah is Gracious towards the believers. 153 Recall climbingpl and not looking back for anyone, with the Messenger calling you from your reara. Then He repaid you with sorrow on account of the sorrow (you caused the prophet) so that you would not grieve over what you missed or for what befell you. For Allah is All-Aware of what you do. 154 Then after the stress He sent down upon youpl security (in the form of) drowsiness overcomingb a faction of you, while a faction cared only for themselves, assuming about Allah contrary to the truth—assumptions of the era of ignorancec—saying, “Is anything up to us?” Saysg, “Everything is up to Allah.” They hide within themselves what they do not disclose to you. They say, “If it were up to us, none of us would have been killed here.” Saysg, “Even if you had stayed in your houses, those destined to be killed would have emerged to their death beds.” And so that Allah may test what is in your chests and so that He may purge what is in your hearts, for Allah is AllKnowing of what lies within the chests. 155 Indeed, those of you who turned away on the day when the two armies met—it was Satan who caused them to backslide on account of some of what they had earned. But Allah has most surely pardoned them, for Allah is indeed Oft-Forgiving, Forbearing. 156 O you who have attained faith, do not be like those who denied and said of their brethren who traveled in the land or were on an expedition, “Had they stayed with us, they would not have died or got killed.” So that Allah may make it a cause of regret in their hearts. For Allah gives life and causes death, and Allah is All-Seeing of what youpl dod. 157 Thus if youpl get killed in the way of Allah or die— surely, forgiveness and mercy from Allah are better than what theye hoard. 158 For if youpl die or get killed, then surely to Allah you will be herded. 159 So it is by mercy from Allah that yousg were gentle with them. And had you been harsh, hard-hearted, they would have dispersed from around you. So pardonsg them and ask forgiveness for them and consult them in the conduct of affairs. And when

ûĠ i i i hh h ği hh i i ŋiŽ ŴŲğ űȲŶj űȪ ô CŋjŇ˖‹ ʼnɆ űû ȲŦǮ Ųbh ĵžh ȫȐ‹ ʼnɆŋj Ž j hh û h i iğ h û i h h h û hhh û i h hûh û iû h ȇ Ůg ŘŦ bJ Ĭ‹b ñűȲŶŠ ĵŧȭ ʼnŪůb ðűȲžj ŰļȼȎj űŹŶȭ h hh h ûh hh h i û i û h ŶŲj İû ųi û ɉ‹ Ģ `ÿźi ŰĻ ƅb `bʼnšj ŕĻ Jj?ø Ι ǻj ʼnp ńh = ȇ h i hhh i h û i m û i i ûh i i ğ h ˈpk Ťjķ ˋü ųğ Ȯ űû Ȳĸh Š ɒįŦ űû ȲŠƊŋh Ň= Ǎ j űȡźŠʼnŽ ^źŎŋɉ‹b h h m i h h h i h h h Šh h l i h û h h û h k i ğ bh űû Ȳ Ĭ‹ AźŵŌƕ Ɔžŭj ů ñ ĸŠɞ= ĵŲ ƅbh űû ȲĻĵŦ ĵŲ ȇ h û h h i h h h i h h ği i ĸŇh űkj Ťů‹ ʼnj šû Ȩh Ŵü Ųj k űȲžû ŰŠ ^Ōŵ = űȪ Κ `źŰųh šû ȩ ĵųh j ķ ü Ǟ j h m m x q q h i k h h Š h ûh q hĠ hhh ûűŹi ļû ųğ Ÿh = ʼnû ũ Ĺŧh ɋĵŚh bh ðűû ȲŶj Ų ĹŧjɋĵŚ ǀŤȬ ĵŎĵšȫ ĹŶŲ= j û û i h i h Ġ ih û i i i h h ů‹ Ŵğ ŝh Ũk ơ‹ h û Ȯh jĬğ ĭķ `ź h Ǟ `źɉźŪȬh ˌjĹžjğ ŰŹj Šɲ ŶŞȬ űŹŏŧŵ= j j h h û ğ h ğ iği û û ğ ûi û h ŴjŲ ŋj Ɋû Ɓ‹ Ŵjh Ų ĵhȍ ŮŸ ñjĬj ÿŷǿ ŋh ɊƁ‹ `j? Ůũ ˍ;p ƾ h h h h h h i i h h h i h m h iûi ĵhȍ `ǽ źû ɉ `źɉźŪȬh ðūɉ `bʼni ĸû Ȭi ƅ ĵŲğ űŹj jŏŧŵ= Ǎ j `źŧƞ h i ğ i h û i i û h ŋɊû Ɓ‹û Ŵjh Ų űû Ȳj Ļźži Ȩi Ǎj űû ļi ŶŬ źû ů Ůũ ñĵŶh Źi Šɪ ĵŶh Űjļũ ĵŲğ x;ƾ j h û h i i h h h û i û h h h ğ h hhh h j ļh ûȼhȎj bh ðűû Źj jšŁ ǔ j ĵŘɊ ǓŠ j ? ŮļŪů‹ űŹj žŰŠ ĶjļŬ ŴŽjȑ‹ Lǚů i i i ii i h iğ h h k ųh Ȏ i ğ bh űû Ȳ Ĭ‹ j i j bh űû ȡjKbʼnŔ Ǎj ĵŲ Ĭ‹ ô j ɅźŰũ Ǎj ĵŲ œŅ l ğ h h ğ ğ h i Ġ DAŊh ķ ü űžj _h źû hŽ űû ȲŶjŲ Aźû ůźh Ļ ŴŽj ȑ‹ `j? Λ jKbʼni ŕɉ‹ j j i ŰŠ û hhû l i h h h ğhh û h ğ ğ h ųû Ơ‹ h Aźð ĸŏŬ ĵŲ Ŗj šû ĸh j ķ Ŵi Šɽh žû Œɉ‹ űi Źi ɉǡ Ŏ‹ ĵųȫj? `ĵ š ǐȋ‹ j h h ğ `ğ ? űû Źi Ŷû ȭh Ĭ‹ i ğ ĵŧh ȭh ʼnû Ūh hůbh x Űńh Kź f ŧi Ȯh Ĭ‹ Ģ h Μ űžj ĵŹh ȬĠ ɂʑ j ñ l i hh l ihh i h h l ih h h ğ h ȑĭğ Ŭh l AźiŵźȲ Aźɉĵũb Abŋŧȱ ŴŽj Ļ ƅ AźŶŲA; ŴŽjȑ‹ hû l h h h û hû l i h û ğ kq i l i h û h j Ɓ‹ Ǎj AźɅi ǰ AJj? űŹj j ŵŠʆŇƃj j Aźŵǽ źů cŌţ Aźŵǽ b= P˱ q h û h h Šh i ğ h h û h l i i h h l i h h h h ń ūj ɉə Ĭ‹ ŮšłȎj AźŰjļũ ĵŲb AźĻĵŲ ĵŲ ĵŵʼnŶjŠ Ǎj CǪ h i h i ųj Ɇi bh Āƻû iŽ Ĭ i ğ ‹bh űû ŹɅźiŰiũ i ğ bh ñĺž Ν xǞŕj hķ `źŰųh šû ȩ ĵųh j ķ Ĭ‹ ñ jj j h û h fhûhh ğ h k xh ûh ûĠi û ğ h Ǎ űû ļi Űjļiũ ŴɌhůbh ĹƧ Kb jĬ‹ ŴjŲ CŋjŧŤųɉ űļŲ b= jĬ‹ Ůž ȼ Ŏ j j j j h h h û h h i h ğ û h jĬ‹ Ǔƃj űû ļi Űjļũ bû = űû ļĠ ŲĠ ŴjɌůbh Ξ `źši ųh ƒ ĵųjğ Ɋk xǞû Ň 

 At the battle of Uhud, the Muslims fled the battlefield upon their defeat and the Prophet (peace be upon him) stood calling them to come back and fight. Qb Hamza, Al Kesa’i and Khalaf read it as: “He sent down upon youpl security overcoming a faction of you (in the form of) a nap, while a faction . . .” c The Arabic word used is jahiliyah which is derived from jahl, meaning ‘ignorance’, and refers to the pre-Islamic phase of paganism. Qd Ibn Kathir, Hamza, Al Kesa’i and Khalaf read it as: “. . . and Allah is All-Seeing of what they do.” Qe All except for Hafs read it as: “. . . better than what youpl hoard.” a

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PART 4. IMRAN’S FOLK

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ĝ h h i ûh h û ih h h i h ûi ğ h û Kh ĵųh ĸhŦ Ο `b ĵŞȯ ĺŶ Ŭ źɉb ðűŹɉ ĺ jȍ jĬ‹ Ŵjh Ųk pĹƧ Ǭƕ j h l Ġ h û hû h h i û h h h űû Źi Ŷû ȭ ťȭĭŦ ðūj ɉźû ńh Ŵjû Ų AźŘŧŵ˔ Ķ j ŰŪů‹ Ŝžj Űţ hh ûğ h h ûh h h h ûhû h û û h i h b ȇ Ȥźh ļh ȯ ĺ ŲŌŠ AJjıŦ ˌŋj ɊƁ‹ Ǎj űû ŸKû jbĵőbh űû Źi ɉ ŋû jŧŤļh Ŏ‹ û hh iğ i i û i h ğ h ȣj k źh ļh ųi ɉ‹ ĶjĠ Ƙi Ĭ‹ h ğ `ğ ? jĬ‹ ƆŦ Ĭ‹ űȱDzŶŽ `j? Π ǻj j ô h i h i i i h ğ h h h û i ûi ûh Ž djȑ‹ AJ Ŵųȯ űȲůŊƞ `˯ ðűû Ȳů Ķjh ůȖ Ŵü Ųj k űȱDzŶ h h i û iû ğhhhûh ğ hh h ûh k h jȍ `h ǽh ĵŲh bh Ρ `ź ŶjŲİųɉ‹ Ȥ `= Ʊ j źļžŰŦ jĬ‹ ȇb Ājñaʼnj šȨ gj ûh ûi û h h ği h Ġ i Šğ h i ğ i h h û h û h ğ h h Š ȁ ȝźĻ űȪ ˏjĹųɱjŪů‹ _źŽ Ůţ ĵųjķ D j įŽ ŮŰŤȬ ŴŲbh ô ŮŤȬ ûh h h û h i û h h h ğ h Šh û h h ğ h h h ĸŏŬ ĵŲ ōp ŧȫ `ʆŗjK şĸȩ‹ Ŵj ųȯ= ΢ `źųi ŰŞȬi ƅ űû Ÿbh ĺ h ğ m û h i ğ h h iŠ hû h h ğ h k h h ōȻjɅb ðűŶŹŁ ŷƊbįŲb jĬ‹ ŴjŲ řp ňŏh j ȵ ;h ĵhķ Ŵü ųh Ŭ jĬ‹ ğ h i ŕj hķ Ĭ‹ i ğ bh jĬ‹ i ŕj ųh û ɉ‹ f Š ɕh Kh Ih űû Ÿi Σ Ǟ ĵųh j ķ ü Ǟ ʼnŶjŠ ĺ ñ û h û iû hh iğ ğ h û hh h i h űû Źj žjȯ Ľšh Ȩh Jj? ǻj ŶŲj İųɉ‹ ȇ Ĭ‹ ŴŲ ʼnŪů Τ `źŰųh šû Ȭh q k hh l i i h h űû Źj žj ȡŌh Ɇi bh ĀjŷjļŠɔA;h űû Źj žû ŰŠ AźŰļû Ȭh űû Źj jŏŧŵ= Ŵjû Ųk ƅźŎi Kh l i h h i h h û û h Šɮjh ŭûů‹ űi Źi ųji kŰšh Ɇi bh Ǐj ů Ůĸû Ȱ ŴjŲ Aźŵǽ `˯ Ĺųh ŭj ơ‹bh Ķ h h x h Ġ i ûh h h m ğhhh Ġ h h űļi ĸû Ŕh = ʼnû ũ Ĺĸž ŕj Ų űȲļĸŠɞ= ĵųɉb= Υ ǻ g j ĸŲ Ůp Š ʄŗ i h i i û i h h Šğ h û i û i h û h û k h ğ `ğ ? űû Ȳ Ĭ‹ Ɂ űļŰũ ĵŹžŰĿjŲ jŏŧŵ= ʼnj ŶjŠ Ŵjû Ų źh Ÿ Ůũ ðˑŊŠɪ ƭ ñj h û k i Šh h i hŠ h m h h h û h ǐh hȋ‹û _h źû hŽ űû Ȳ x ʼnhũ p;ƾ û h ȁ ĸɞ= ĵŲb Φ ŋŽj `ĵ j šųƠ‹ j ȇ l ih h h ğ hhûh h û h ğ h ŶŲj İû ųi û ɉ‹ űh hŰšû hȎj bh jĬ‹ Aźô Ūȯĵŵ ŴŽjȑ‹ űŰšȎj b Χ ǻj `j JjıjĸŦ l i h lûh h h û ih h h h l i h l hû h ğ h źû ɉ Aźɉĵũ Aźð ši ȯI‹ jb= jĬ‹ Ůž j j ȼŎ Ǎj AźŰjļŠɥ Aźɉĵšȩ űŹɉ ŮžjȰb h h ûh ûi û i i ğ ğ q űû Źi Ŷjû Ų Bi ŋh ũ= Ŋg j ɌŲh źû hŽ ŋj ŧȲŰj ɉ űû Ÿ ñűû ȲŠɰh šû ĸh ȩ˔ ƅĵļjh ũ űi Űšû ȫ h i i h Šh û i ğ bh űû ŹɅźŰi iũ Ǎ ōh ûɀhů ĵŲğ űŹjŸŠʆh ûŦhįķ `ź Ĭ‹ ɉźŪȬ Ŵˏ j ʅŽƄjj ɉ ô jj j j j hû l i h h h û h û l i h h ğ hû h h û źɉ AbʼnšȰb űŹj j ŵŠʆŇƃj j Aźɉĵũ ŴŽjȑ‹ Ψ `źųi ļi ȲhŽ ĵųh j ķ űi ŰŠ= i h h l û h ûi l i i h i hh h û i `j? Dźû ųh ɉ‹ űi Ȳ jŏŧŵ= Ŵû ȭ Ab;i Kh IĭŦ Ůũ Aźñ Űjļũ ĵŲh ĵŵźŠĵ Ś= ğ h h l i ğ ğ h ŏh ûƕ ƅbh Ω ǻj h Ȱʼnj Š ɞh űû ļŶ i Ŭi h Ǎ AźŰjļiũ ŴŽj h ȑ‹ Ƿ ȼ Ŏ jĬ‹ Ůž j j j mh h h m h û h û h üh h û h h ih ûi û kh h f ĵųjķ ǻjńŋj Ŧ Ϊ `źũLŋŽ űŹj j ɅK ʼnŶjŠ ;ĵžń= Ůķ ô ˋĻŠʆŲ=

you are resolved, place your trust in Allah; indeed, Allah loves those who place their trust (in Him). 160 If Allah supports yousg, then there is none who can overcome you. But if He forsakes you, then who is it who will support you after Him? So in Allah let the believers place their trust. 161 And never was it for a prophet to defraud a , for whoever defrauds brings whatever he has defrauded on the Day of Resurrection. Then every single self is paid in full for what it has earned, and they are not dealt with unjustly. 162 Is someone who has pursued Allah’s good pleasure the same as someone who has incurred Allah’s anger and whose shelter is Hell? And what a miserable destiny! 163 They are of )different( degrees (of rank) with Allah. And Allah is All-Seeing of what they do. 164 Most surely, Allah has conferred favor upon the believers, having sent them a messenger from among themselves, reading to them His signs and purifying them and teaching them the Scripture and wisdom, for surely they were previously in evident misguidance. 165 Is it that when a calamity befell youpl, even after you had inflicted twice as much, you said, “How is this?” Saysg, “It is from your own selves.” Allah is indeed All-Powerful over everything. 166 For what befell youpl on the day the two armies met was with Allah’s leave, and that He may know the believers, and that He may know those who acted 167 hypocritically when it was said to them, “Come, combat in the way of Allah, or at least defend (the community).” They said, “If we knew there was going to be combat, we would follow youpl.” On that day they were closer to denial than they were to faith. They say with their mouths what is not in their hearts. But Allah knows better what they conceal. Those who said of their brethren, as they stayed 168 behind, “Had they obeyed us, they would not have been killed b .” Say, “Then avert death from yourselves, if you are truthful.” 169 And never c thinksg of those killedd in the way of Allah as dead. Rather, (they are) alive, with their Lord, being provided for, 170 exulting over what Allah has brought them out of His grace and glad for those  have not yet joined them: that no behind them who Qa Qb Qc Qd



All except for Ibn Kathir, Abu ʻAmr and ʻAsem read it as: “And never was it for a prophet to be defrauded . . .” Hisham read it as: “. . . they would not have been relentlessly killed.” Hisham—in one of his recitations—read it as: “And never should he think of those killed in the . . .” Ibn ʻAmer read it as: “And never thinksg of those relentlessly killed in the way of Allah as dead.” 47

PART 4. IMRAN’S FOLK

SURAH 3- AL ‘IMRâN

l i h ûh ûh h ğ h i ûh ûhh û h i ğ űi Źi Š ƋhĻA;h AźŪŅŰŽ űɉ ŴŽjȑĭjķ `bǬj ȼļŏȹb ĀjŷjŰŘŦ ŴjŲ Ĭ‹ û h h h f h ğh h i ûh i h Ϋ `źŵŌh Ƙ űû Ÿ ƅbh űû Źj žû ŰŠ [źû Ň ƅɁ űû Źj jŧŰŇ Ŵjû Ųk űŹj j ķ h i ûh ûh h ğ ‹ `ğ h=bh ŮŘû hŦbh jĬğ ‹ Ŵjh Ųk Ĺųh šjû Ŷķ `b i Řj iŽ ƅh Ĭ şž Ǭj ȼļŏȹø p j p ğ l h û iû h û h i ğ h ğ i h h û h ʼnj šû Ȩh Ŵü Ųj ^ź j Ŏŋɉ‹b jĬj AźķĵłļŎ‹ ŴŽjȑ‹ ά ǻj ŶŲj İųɉ‹ ŋŁ= h l hğ h l h Ŕh h= m ĵŲh h ȓjğ ɉ ô Gi ŋû Ūh ûů‹ űi Źi Ȩĵ ŋf Łû = Aźû Ūȩ‹bh űû Źi Ŷjû Ų AźŶi ŏh ńû = ŴŽj l i hh û h h ğ ğ i ğ i ih h h h ğ f Şj Šh AźšƦ ʼnũ Mĵȍ‹ `j? Mĵȍ‹ űŹɉ ^ĵũ ŴŽjȑ‹ έ űž h hh û iû h û h û i h h ? űû Ÿi IA i ğ ‹ ĵŶh iȼŏû ńh l Aźiɉĵhũbh ĵŶq Š ʅŽ űh šjû ŵbh Ĭ ŌŦ űŸźŒŇĭŦ űȲů j l h h h ğ i û û h ğ űû Źi ŏû ŏh ųû Ȭh űû ů Ůp ŘŦbh jĬ‹ Ŵjh Ųk pĹųh šjû Ŷjķ Aźĸi ŰŪŵĭŦ ή Ůžj ȡźh ɉ‹ ğ h û h i iğ h ğ h h û l ihğ h xm i ĵųh ȫj? ί ˈž g Şj Š Ůg ŘŦ bJ Ĭ‹b ñjĬ‹ `ŠʆŗjK Aźšĸȩ‹b ;źŎ i h h û i i h h h h i h m h û h i k h i i Š h û ğ i i Šh `ź j ŦĵŇb űŸźŦĵƛ ƆŦ ÿa;ĵȎj b= [jźƞ ŴɽžŒɉ‹ űȲj ůə h h iûh hh h ŶŲj İû ŲĠ űļŶ i Ŭi `? h ȑ‹ğ ūŵ Š h i ȹ ŴŽj Ǎj `źŠi ŋj ɹ ŌƘ ƅb ΰ ǻj j h h ûh ğh iğ i i qû h hğ l Ġ i h h û i ğ û i û Ůšƒ ƅɁ Ĭ‹ ʼnɆŋj Ž ô ĵnZžő Ĭ‹ AbǴŽ Ŵů űŹȫj? ˏŋj ŧȲů‹ f Ŋh Šh űû Źi h ɉbh j Cŋjh Ň˖‹ Ǎ ĵŞkq ńh űû Źi h ɉ h ȑ‹ğ `ğ ? α űž f Şj Šh BA ŴŽj ˌ j j û l h h û û h q ğ i h ķ ŋh ŧȲûů‹ l Abi Ǜ h AbǴ h h ő‹ Ġ i hŽ Ŵů ŴŠʅŽ űû Źi ɉbh ðĵnZžû ő Ĭ‹ j j j ƃĭ h f h h i ğh l h h h ğ ğh h ûh hh ǔj ųû ȫ ĵųh ȫɁ Abm ŋi ŧȱ ŴŽj ȑ‹ ǷŏƘ ƅb β űx Ȏj = BA ŊŠ h h û l i h ûh û ih û i h ğ û i k x û h û ih űû Źi ɉbh ðĵųq ľj? Abm IAIǤj ů űŹɉ ǔj ųȫ ĵųȫj? űô Źj jŏŧŵƁj ǞŇ űŹɉ h h x h h x ŹɊĠ BA i = m ĵŲh ȇ h ŶŲj İû ųi û ɉ‹ Kh Ŋh hȎj Ĭ i ğ ‹ `h ǽh ĵŲğ γ ǻ Š h ǻj űû ļŵ ŊŠ j û h h h h Šğ h ûh h ğ Ŵjh Ų Ľž i ğ `h ǽh ĵŲh bh Ķžk śů‹ Ĭ‹ ˍj j j ĸƢ‹ Ǥųj Ž Ʋń jŷžŰŠ û h h ğ ğ Šh h û h û h h û i h û i ŴȲ ĀjŷjŰŎi KĠ ŴjŲ Ʊj ļh ƒ Ĭ‹ j ɧb Ķ j žŤů‹ ȇ űȲšj ŰśȎj l iğhh l i ûi h m h ğ l AźŪļȩb AźŶjŲİĻ `˯ ĀjôŷjŰŎi Ki bh jĬĭjķ AźŶji ŲĵnZh Ŧ ð ;i ĵŒhȹ ŴŲh mh h i h ûh h ğ ğh h ûh hh i hh x Şj Šh ŋf Łû h= űû Ȳ ĵųjķ `źŰňĸȬ ŴŽjȑ‹ ǷŏƘ ƅb δ űž ŰŦ ğ ğ xk h h i û h i q û h h i û h i ğ űi Źi Š ƋhĻA;h źŸ Ůķ ˌűŹɉ ˊǞŇ źŸ ĀjŷjŰŘŦ ŴjŲ Ĭ‹ ðűû Źi ɉ Ǩ û l i h i h i ğ EŠɷh žjŲ jĬj bh ˍjĹųh Šɱh jŪů‹ _h źû hŽ Ājŷjķ AźŰjƚ ĵŲh `źũźğ śh ži Ŏh hû h h h ğ h ih ûh h iğ h hşųj Ŏh ʼnû Ūh ůğ ε xǞĸŇh `ź Űųšȩ ĵųjķ Ĭ‹b P˱ j Š ʆŠʅŏɉ‹ ˍ j Ɓ‹b D j

feara shall be upon them nor shall they grieve. 171 Glad because of a blessing from Allah, and grace, and because Allah does not waste the reward of the believers 172 who responded to Allah and the Messenger after the blow had befallen them. For those of them who excelled in doing good and were mindful (of God) is a great reward. 173 Those to whom the people said, “The people have assembled against you, so fear them.” But this only increased them in faith, and they said, “Allah is sufficient for us, and what an excellent Trustee.” 174 So they came back with a blessing from Allah, and grace, no harm having touched them. And they pursued Allah’s good pleasure, for Allah is the Possessor of a great grace. 175 That is only Satan frightening his allies. So do not fear them, but fear Me if you are believers. And dosg not be saddened by those who hasten 176 towards denial. They will not harm Allah in the least. Indeed, Allah wants to give them no share in the Hereafter, for for them is a great punishment. Indeed, those who have purchased denial in 177 exchange for faith will not harm Allah in the least, for for them is a painful punishment. 178 And never should those who have denied thinkb that We respite them for their own good. In fact, We only respite them so that they may increase in sin, for for them is a demeaning punishment. 179 Never would Allah leave the believers in the state which youpl are in until He distinguishes the nasty from the good. Nor would Allah make you view the hidden realm. In fact, Allah elects of His messengers whom He wills. So believe in Allah and His messengers, for if youpl believe and remain mindful (of God), you will have a great reward. 180 And never should those who are miserly with what Allah has given them of His grace thinkc that it is good for them. Rather, it is an evil thing for them. They will be encircled by whatever they were miserly with on the Day of Resurrection, for to Allah belongs the inheritance of the heavens and the earth. And Allah is AllAware of whatever youpl dod. 181 Allah has most surely heard the statement of those who said,





Yaʻqub read it as: “. . . that no fear shall ever be upon them nor shall they grieve.” Hamza read it as: “And never thinksg—regarding those who have denied—that We respite them . . .” Qc Hamza read it as: “And never thinksg—regarding those who are miserly with what Allah has given them of His grace— that it is good for them.” Qd Ibn Kathir, Abu ʻAmr and Yaʻqub read it as: “. . . of whatever they do.” Qa

Qb

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PART 4. IMRAN’S FOLK

SURAH 3- AL ‘IMRâN

û h h imh û h i ûh h x h hğ ğ lmi h h ğ hûh iğ i ļi ŭ Ķ ŶŎ ò;ĵžj Ŷţ= ŴƗb ǞjŪŦ Ĭ‹ `j? Aźɉĵũ ŴŽjȑ‹ ^źũ Ĭ‹ i ihh k h ûh hmh hû i ihûhh l i h h h Ŋh Šh l AźiũbJi ^ź BA Ūȫb Ũp ń Ǟ j Ťjķ ;ĵžjĸ˩Ɓ‹ űŹŰļȰb Aźɉĵũ ĵŲ h h h i û Ųh ʼnğ hũ ĵųh ķ ūjh ɉŠəh ζ ŨɆŋơ‹ h ğ `ğ =bh űû ȲŽj hû ʼnûŽɁ ĺ ōh ûɀů Ĭ‹ j j j ğh mhûh h h hğ ğ lmi h h ğ ûk ğ h h ƅɁ ĵŶȎj? ʼnŹj Š Ĭ‹ `j? Aźɉĵũ ŴŽjȑ‹ η ʼnj žjĸšŰj ů ˉp ƆŞjķ i ûh hû i hh ûh Šğ h ûʼnhũ Ůû iũ Kĵ ih h ûi iñ ğȍ‹ ŷi iŰȱ įĻ `ĵ g Ŏŋj ɉ ŴjŲİŵ p ɅŋŪjķ ĵŶɀj ĻįŽ Ʋń ^ź ğ h ûi i mh h û ûh k x űjh ŰŦ űû ļi Űũ djȑĭjɅbh ĺ j Šɰjžk hȊĭjķ ǔj ĸȰ ŴjŲ ŮŎi Ki űû ȱ;h ĵŁ i i iûhh h iķŊğ Ŭh `ıhŦ θ ǻj h Ȱʼnj Š ɞh űû ļŶ i Ŭi `? űû Ÿź h Ŋk Ŭi ʼnû Ūh ȯh ]ź Bj ųļŰļȰ j j û im h h ûh k x i i Ġ h j Šɰh žk hȊĭ i û Šɮjh ŭûů‹bh ŋɅi Ōɉ‹ Ǟj j j ķ b;ĵŁ ūj ŰĸȰ ŴjŲ ŮŎK j j Ŷųɉ‹ Ķ j bĺ ih i i h ûğhi hğ ûh Ġi û hû i h mh _h źû hŽ űû ȡKź Ł= `źŦźĻ ĵųȫ˯ D ˍ j źųɉ‹ ĹŪjɋAJ ōp ŧȫ ȁ ι h h û h h h ğ h û Ůjh ŇIû i=bh Kĵğȍ‹ ŴŠh Gh Ōńû Li Ŵųh ȯh ˌjĹųh Šɱh Ūûů‹ ñ LĵŦ ʼnŪȯ ĹŶƠ‹ j j j j û ğ h û h m Ġ Ci źŠ žh ơ‹ h ĵŲh bh m j `ğ źi Űĸû iȋø κ Kbŋi Ťi ů‹ şi Šɮh Ųh ƅj? ĵžh ȫû Ȑ‹ Ǎ j h l i i h ğ h i h hh i i AźĻb= ŴŽjȑ‹ ŴjŲ Ŵğ ši ųh ŏû Ƚůbh űû Ȳ jŏŧŵ=bh űû Ȳj ůŠʆh Ųû = ûh h ğ h h û i ûh qˊǞjĿŬh cJq h= l Aźm ȡi Ǩ h Šɮjh ŭûů‹ h = ŴŽjȑ‹ ŴjŲb űȲj ŰĸȰ ŴjŲ Ķ ô iû û h h ğ h l i h l i û h h J˯ λ jKźɊi Ɓ‹ _j Ōû Š Ŵjû Ų ūj ɉŠə `jıŦ AźŪļğ ȩbh Abǚ j ŕĻ `˯ i i h h Šh û l i h ğ h Šh i ğ h h h j ŶŰjğ ɉ ÿŷi Ŷğ ȿjžk hȼiȋ Ķ Mĵ ɮjŭů‹ AźĻb= ŴŽjȑ‹ ŨɯžjŲ Ĭ‹ ŊŇ= l hh û h û h i h h û h h i m ĵŶq ųh Ȫ Ājŷjķ Abû Ǜ ő‹b űjŸjKźŹi ŝ ;h AKh bh iabŊĸh Ŷh ȯ ÿŷi ŵźųi ļi ȲĻ ƅbh û h ğ ğh h ûh h h h ih ûh h h û h q h `źńi ŋh ŧȬh ŴŽj ȑ‹ Ƿŏƕ ƅ μ `bǛ Œȹ ĵŲ ōȻjĸŦ ð Ɔžj Űũ h l l l hh m ûi h h û hh i û h űŹi Ŷğ hȼŏh ƕ ƆŦ AźŰšh ŧȬh űû ɉ ĵųh j ķ Abʼni ųh Ƙ `= `źĸĠ Ņ j Ɇi bğ AźĻɁ ĵųh j ķ h f h h û ih h h hû k h hh i û ğ ŊŠ űŹɉb BA ūŰɊi jĬj bh ν űx Ȏj = BA ˌ j Ŋšů‹ Ŵjh Ų p ˅Lĵŧųjķ hû h k i Šh h i ğ h ğ h h ğ f ʼnhũ p;ƾ û h ȁ Ǎj `j? ξ ŋŽj Ĭ‹b P˱ j Š ʆŠʅŏɉ‹ ˍ j Ɓ‹b D j ȇ hû h ğ h û h h h h ğ ŨûŰŇh h h ğ û Š Š j Ɓ‹b D ĺ j Š ʆŠʅŏɉ‹ p ɔ˗ jKĵŹȍ‹b Ůj Ȏ‹ ťj ʄjļҋb P˱ j h û ğ û i û i h i h h q h ůƁ‹ Ƞbl iƁj k h ğ `b Š ŋŬŊŽ ŴŽjȑ‹ ο Ķ AIźši Ȱbh ĵųq Šɱjh ũ Ĭ‹ ɭ j j hû h û ğ h h h h ğ ŨŰŇh Ǎ `bŋi ŭŧļh Ɇh bh űû ŹɅźŶi Łi ȇ Š h h bh j Ɓ‹b D P˱ j Š ʆŠʅŏɉ‹ j jj j ğ h h h h h h h h û i q h h h h ûh h h hğh jKĵȍ‹ BAŊŠ ĵŶjŪŦ ūŶŠɳĸŎ Ɔśj Š ɐ AŊŠɪ ĺŪŰŇ ĵŲ ĵŶɅK

“Indeed, Allah is poor while we are rich.” Wea willb write down what they said and their unjustified killing of the prophets, and We will say, “Taste the punishment of the burning. 182 That is on account of what your pl hands have put forth, and because Allah is not a tyrant unto the servants.” 183 Those who said, “Allah has made a covenant with us: that we shall not believe in any messenger unless he brings us an offering to be devoured by the fire.” Saysg, “Certainly, messengers have come to you before me with evident proofs and with that which you said. So why did you kill them, if you are truthful?” 184 So if they disbelieve yousg, messengers before you were disbelieved. They came with clear proofs and Books and the illuminating Scripturec. Each self is bound to have a taste of death. And 185 youpl will be rendered your rewards in full only on the Day of Resurrection. So whoever is swayed from the Fire and is entered into the Garden (of Paradise) has triumphed, for the Earlier Life is nothing but a deceptive enjoyment. 186 Youpl will surely be tested through your wealths and yourselves, and you will hear from those who received the Scripture before you and from those who associated (others with God) many hurtful things. But if youpl persevere patiently and become mindful (of God) —that is indeed a mark of firm resolve. 187 And as Allah took a pledge from those who were brought the Scripture: “Most surely youd shall make it evident to mankind and not conceal it.” But they tossed it behind their backs and purchased, in exchange for it, a small price, so how miserable is what they purchase! 188 Nevere thinksg of those who exult over what they have come up with and love to be praised for what they have not done—never thinksg of them as in a place safe from the punishment, for for them is a painful punishment. 189 And to Allah belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth, and Allah is Powerful over everything. 190 Most surely, in the

A grammatical shift from 3rd person to 1st person. Hamza read it as: “He will write down what they said and their unjustified killing of the prophets, and He will say . . .”  (In this case there is no grammatical shift.)  Qc Hisham read it as: “. . . and with Books and with the illuminating Scripture.” Ibn Zekwan read it as: “. . . and with Books and the illuminating Scripture.” Qd Ibn Kathir, Abu ʻAmr and Shuʻba read it as: “Most surely they shall make it evident . . .” Qe Ibn Kathir, Abu ʻAmr, Ibn ʻAmer and Abu Jaʻfar read it as: “Never should they think—those who exult over what they have come up with and love to be praised for what they have not done, never should they think of them(selves) as in a place safe from the punishment . . .” Nafieʻ read it as: “Never should they think—those who exult over what they have come up with and love to be praised for what they have not done, never thinksg of them as in a place safe from the punishment . . .” a

Qb

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PART 4. IMRAN’S FOLK

SURAH 3- AL ‘IMRâN

û h hh h ğ i h ğ m ĵŲh bh ÿð ŷi ļh Ɇû Ōh Ň= ʼnû Ūȯ Kĵ ȍ‹ Ůjj Ňʼnû Ļ ŴŲh ūŵj? ĵŶh Ʌğ Kh π ğ m ğ h h= Ŵjû Ų ǻ h ųjۊɾŰj djIĵŶh Ȭi ĵŽjq IĵŶh Ųi ĵŶh šû ųj Ŏh ĵŶh ȫj? ĵŶh Ʌğ Kğ ρ pKĵŕŵ ɉ j h û h l û h hğ h ğ h hh û i k h i h û Šh h iŵJi ĵhȍ ŋû jŧţĭ ĵŶh Ʌź Ŧ ĵŶɅK ô ĵŶŲĵnZŦ űȲjɅŋjķ AźŶjŲA; `= Ŵj ʅŽƄjj ɉ hû ğ h h kh ĵŲh ĵŶjh ĻA;h bh ĵŶh Ʌğ Kh ς jKAŋh ûķƁ‹ şh Ųh ĵŶh ȯźh Ļbh ĵŶjh ĻĵnZh j žk Ŏh ĵŶğ ȭ ŋû ŧj ȡbh û ğ h h i ûi h h ğ h ûi h h Š h h ĵŶh ȩʼn Šb ťj Űƛ ƅ ūŵj? ˌjĹųh Šɱh jŪů‹ _h źû hŽ ĵŵŌj ƛ ƅbh ūj ŰŎi Ki ȇ h i h k m h h h i h h û Ġ h ļh Ŏĭ û hŦ σ Iĵ h ł šžųj ɉ‹ Ůųh ȭ şž ŗ j = ƅ ƭj Ɂ űû Źi ɅKh űû Źi ɉ Bĵ h i h h i k û h k i i û h Š h = bû = ŋŬJh ŴjŲk űȲŶj Ŗ Ų Ůp ųj Š ɢ ˌ p šȨ Ŵü Ųj űȲŘšȨ ˌƳŵ g l i û ih l i h h h ğ h i ih û Šh h Ǎ l AbJb j Ŧ ǔž ȼ Ŏ = b űj Ÿ ŋ ɔj I Ŵj Ų AźŁŋj Ň=b AbŋŁĵŸ ŴŽȑĭ j j j j i i h h l l h i i i h û h ğ kh űû Źi Ŷğ ŰjŇIƁbh űû Źj j ĻĵnZh j žk Ŏh űû Źi Ŷû ȭ `ŋh ŧj ȱƁ AźŰjļũbh AźŰļh Š ɥbh i ğ bh jĬğ ‹ ʼnj ŶjŠ Ŵjû Ųk ĵķAq źh hľ ŋi Š ʇh ûŵhƁ‹û ĵŹh j ļûƕh ŴjŲ dŋûƏh ĺŠɰğ Łh Ĭ‹ ô j p ğ h Ġ ğ h ğih i ŰŪh ȩh ū h ȑ‹ Ķ hğ i û i ih ŴŽj ŵŋŤȬ ƅ τ BA j źȌ‹ Ŵŏń ÿaʼnŶjŠ û l hh h û i x h h űð i Ŷğ Źh Łh űû Źi Š Ɗbh įŲh űğ Ȫ Ůžj Űũ şx ŠɮŲh υ ʼnj Š ʄjȊ‹ Ǎj Abŋi ŧȱ i h û h û h x Šɰğ Łh űû Źi h ɉ űû Źi Ʌğ Kh l Aźû Ūh ȩ‹ğ ŴŽj h ȑ‹ğ ŴȲ Šh ĺ j j ɧ φ IĵŹųj ɉ‹ ōȻjɅb ğ k q i h h Ȓj Š ɗh ŋi Š ʇh ûŵhƁ‹û ĵŹh ļûƕh ŴjŲ dŋûƏh j ñjĬ‹ ʼnj ŶjŠ Ŵjû Ų ƅŌi ŵ ĵŹžjȯ ŴŽj j h h û k ğ hŠ û û û ğ h h hh xû hû Ķ j ɮjŭů‹ Ůj Ÿ= ŴjŲ `˯ χ jKAŋķƂj ů ǞŇ jĬ‹ ʼnŶjŠ ĵŲb h h i m h h û i ûh h i m h h ğ i ûi hh űû Źj ûȎj? ^Ōŵ j = ĵŲb űȲȎj? ^Ōŵ j = ĵŲb jĬĭjķ ŴjŲİŽ Ŵųɉ h h i e h h ğ h h ih ûh h ğ h h ūjɌʤĢ bl = ô Ɔžj Űũ ĵŶq ųh Ȫ jĬ‹ ĺ Œȹ ƅ jĬj ǻjš jŒŠɗ j Š ɔ˲ `bǛ û i h hğ ğ û kh h h ơ‹ û Ÿi ŋi Łû h= űû Źi h ɉ ŏj ‹ ` ? ű Ź Ʌ K ʼnŶj Š ű ψ Bĵ şɆ Ĭ Ǧ ñ j j jj j l iğ h l i h h l i h h l i û l ih h h ğ h Ġh h Ģ AźŪȩ‹b AźśjķAKb AbŋjķĵŔb Abǚj Ŕ‹ AźŶŲA; ŴŽjȑ‹ ĵŹȬɂʑ ûi i ğ h hğ h ω `źŅji Űŧȩ űû ȲŰšh ů Ĭ‹

creation of the heavens and the earth and in the alternation of night and day are signs for people of understanding: 191 those who remember Allah while standing and sitting and on their sides, and reflect upon the creation of the heavens and the earth: “Our Lord, You did not create this in vain. Highly Exalted are You, so protect us from the punishment of the Fire. 192 Our Lord, whomever You enter into the Fire, then You have truly disgraced him, for the unjust ones have no supporters. 193 Our Lord, we have indeed heard a caller calling to the faith: ‘Attain faith in your Lord,’ so we have attained faith. So, Our Lord, forgive us our misdeeds and remit our evil deeds and take us at death with the virtuous. 194 Our Lord, and bring us what You have promised us through Your messengers and do not disgrace us on the Day of Resurrection. Surely, You never break (the promise of) the appointed time.” 195 So their Lord responded to them: “I do not waste the work of any worker of you, whether male or female—you are of one another. So those who emigrated and were evicted from their homes and were hurt in my way and (who) combated and were killeda—I will most surely remit for them their evil deeds and will most surely admit them into Gardens beneath which rivers flow—a recompense from Allah, for with Allah is the excellent recompense.” Never besg deceived by the movement of those 196 who denied in the land. 197 A brief enjoyment, then their shelter is Hell, and what a miserable resting place! 198 But those who were mindful of their Lord—for them are Gardens beneath which rivers flow, abiding therein, a hospitality from Allah. And what Allah possesses is better for the truly virtuous. And indeed, of the People of the Scripture are 199 those who believe in Allah and in what was sent down to you and in what was sent down to them. They are reverent towards Allah and do not purchase, in exchange for Allah’s signsb, a small price. Those have their reward with their Lord. Indeed, Allah is Swift in reckoning. 200 O you who have attained faith, be patient and have outlasting patience and be ever at the ready and be mindful of Allah, that you may succeed.





Hamza, Al Kesa’i and Khalaf read it as: “. . . and were killed and (who) combated . . .” Ibn Kathir and Ibn ʻAmer read it as: “. . . and )who( combated and were relentlessly killed . . .” b The Arabic word used is ayat (singular ayah). Ayah means ‘sign’ or ‘proof’. It is also used to denote the unit of text in the Qur’an, like ‘verse’ in poetry or ‘sentence’ in prose. Each such unit is considered a ‘sign’ from God. Qa

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h k ih i  j;ĵŏjȿůA CKź Ŏ ˽

4� Women



ğ ğ ˵ŋɉ‹ ğ jĬ‹ űžj ƈ j ńŋɉ‹

In the name of Allah, the All-Merciful, the Bestower of mercy

ğ i l iğ i ğ h Ġh h i hh h Ģ ŴjŲk űȲŪŰŇ djȑ‹ űi ȲɅğ Kh AźŪȩ‹ Mĵ ȍ‹ ĵŹȬɂʑ q h h ğ ƅĵŁh jK ĵųh Źi Ŷjû Ų ĽɅh bh ĵŹh Łh bû Lh ĵŹh Ŷjû Ų Ũh ŰŇbh p Cʼnjh ńŠɩh ğ hğ l i ğ h qm h h h ihm hh h h ûhû h h ğ `ğ ? _ĵ Ĭ‹ j ô ńKƁ‹b Ājŷjķ `źɉ;ĵŏȶ djȑ‹ Ĭ‹ AźŪȩ‹b ô ;ĵŏj ȸb h h h h hhû l i h h i ûh h h h q ȰKh űû Ȳ Ģ ŠɮȎ‹ AźĻA;b ̂ ĵĸžj žŰŠ `ǽ ƅbh ðűû Źi ɉŠʆh Ųû = ǖ û h û ih h ûh lm i i ûh hh h h l i ğ hhh k ğ Ģ j ? űŹɉŠʆŲ= AźŰȱįĻ ƅb Ķ Ǔ ˌ j j žśůĭjķ ĽžjĸƢ‹ AźɉʼnĸȽĻ ğh û û i hûh q ńi `h ǽh ÿŷi ğŵ? űû Ȳj q ĸŬh ĵɅź ƅɁ űû ļi ŧjŇ `˯ ̃ ˊǞ j ô ůŠʆŲ= j l h h Šh hû i h h h h l i Š ɮȎ‹ Ǎj Aźśi jŏŪû ȩi Ŵjh Ųk űȲů Bĵ Ś ĵŲ AźŅȲ j ŵĭŦ ǖ e h Šh h l i û h ğ h û i û û h h Š h i h h Šh i h Š h û h j m h k CʼnjńʆŦ Aźɉjʼnšȩ ƅɁ űļŧjŇ `jıŦ ðşɐKb Ľʄľb ƴĿŲ ;ĵŏjȿů‹ l i h ğ h Ģ h û h h Šh û i i h û h û h h h h û h l i hh I= ūj ɉə űô ȲŶŠʅŽɁ ĺŭŰɊ ĵŲ b= AźĻA;b ̄ Aźɉźši ȩ ƅɁ ƭ m k h qhû h i h hû û h ŴŠh űû Ȳ ŷi Ŷjû Ųk p;ƾ ů ǷjŚ `jıŦ ô ĹŰƗj Ŵğ Źj j ļŠɥʼni Ŕh ;h ĵŏh j ȿů‹ iih m h Ġ l iûi hh ûh q q h ;h ĵŹh ŧŏɉ‹ AźĻİĻ ƅb ̅ ĵnZmɆŋj Ųğ ĵnZmžj ŶŸ iaźȀŦ ĵŏq ŧȫ ğ i h h i ii û h qŠh û i h iğ h h h h ȯ űû Ÿź ĵŹžj ũLK‹b ĵųɱj ũ űȲů Ĭ‹ ŮšŁ Ʋj ů‹ űi ȲůŠʆh Ųû = û l i q h h l i i i i û h q Š h Šɮh hȎ‹ AźŰļh Ȩ‹û bh ̆ ĵŦbŋi šû Ųğ ƅźû ũ űû Źi ɉ Aźɉźũbh űû Ÿź ǖ ŏȱ‹b lm i h û h q û i û i û k i ûh h û h h h k l i hh h ğ h Ģ ń AźšȯIĭŦ AʼnőK űŹŶjŲ űļŏȸA; `jıŦ GǾj ȍ‹ AźŤŰķ AJj? Ʋ û l ih û h h e h h q h û m h i i h hh û ih h ûh û ûh Abô ǚȲŽ `= AKAʼnjɅb ĵŦAǦj? ĵŸźŰȱįĻ ƅb ðűŹɉŠʆŲ= űŹj Ȏj? û i û h û h q h h h h h û û h û h û h kq h h h h h ŮȱįžŰŦ ˊǞjŪŦ `ǽ ŴŲb ðťŧj šļŏɀŰŦ ĵžj Ŷţ `ǽ ŴŲb h hh l hh h h ûhh h h û û űô û Źj žû ŰŠ Abʼni Źj őįŦ űû Źi ɉŠʆh Ųû = űû Źj Ȏû j ? űû ļi šû ȯI AJjıŦ [ ˏ j bŋi šųh ɉĭjķ h h k k h hû h hh ğ k x q h ğ Š h ȡh bh `A j ŁŋŰ j Ȑj Š ʆů‹ ]ŋĻ ĵųjɊ Ķžŕj ŵ ^ĵ j j ů ̇ ĵĸɀjŏń jĬĭjķ Ǐ h ûh û h i hûh û h x ŕhŵ j;mĵŏh kȿŰj ɉbh `ź h j Š ʆh ûů‹ ]h ŋh hĻ ĵųjğ Ɋk Ķž `źɅi ŋh ũƁ‹bh `A Ȑ ɅŋũƁ‹b j j j h h q û q h hi h û iû ğh ğ h h ńh AJ˯ Ǵ ̈ ĵŗbŋi ŧŲğ ĵĸž ŕj ŵ ôǜŬ b= ŷŶŲj Ůũ ĵųjɊ i i û h i Šh hû h Š h Šh hû h Šh û iû l i l i h h û û ŷi Ŷjû Ųk űŸźũLi Kĭ Ŧ ǻjŭɹųɉ‹b ǖɮȎ‹b ȗŋŪů‹ Aźɉb= ĹųŏjŪů‹ ûğ ōp ŧȫ q j ĿŬh ˊǞ

O mankind, be mindful of your Lord, Who created you from a single self and created from it its spouse, and from them both spread many men and women. Thus be mindful of Allah—in Whose name you ask one another—and of thea wombsb. Indeed, Allah has always been Watchful over you. 2 And bring orphans their wealths, and do not replace (their) good things with nasty ones, and do not devour their wealths by combining them with your pl wealths; indeed, it has always been a gravely serious sin. 3 And if youpl fear you cannot be just towards the orphans, then marry the women you like—two or three or four—but if you fear you will not be equitable, then (only) onec or (consider) those whom you rightfully possess. That is more likely to make you avoid bias. 4 Moreover, bring women their dowries graciously. But if they willingly forgo some of it for youpl, then devour it with satisfaction, with ease. 5 But do not bring the foolish ones your pl money which Allah has assigned to you for support, yet provide for them from it and clothe them and say to them a fair word. 6 And test the orphans until they reach the age of marriage. So if youpl recognize in them prudence, then hand over their wealths to them and do not devour it extravagantly or hastily before they grow up. For the rich (guardian) should modestly abstain (from charging any wage), but whoever (of the guardians) is poor may charged in accordance with what is fair. Then when you hand over their wealths to them, call witnesses in. Yet sufficient is Allah as a Reckoner. 7 For men is a share of what parents and close relatives have left, and for women is a share of what parents and close relatives have left, be it little or much—an ordained share. 8 And if the distribution is attended by the near relatives and the orphans and the destitutepl, then give them something out of it and say to them a fair word. 9 And let those who, were they to leave behind them  weak offspring would be afraid for them, fear (God’s 1



Hamza read it as: “Thus be mindful of Allah, in Whose name, and the name of the wombs, you ask one another.” The term ‘wombs’ is usually used in the Qur’an as a metaphor for blood relatives, meaning: honor the ties of kinship. Qc Abu Jaʻfar read it as: “. . . then )only( one (is enough) or consider . . .” d Literally ‘devour’. Qa b

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q h h l i i l i h h h ğ h û hû h q Ŵjû Ų Aźȡŋh Ļ źû ɉ ŴŽj ȑ‹ ŐňȎb ̉ ĵŦbŋi šû Ųğ ƅźû ũ űû Źi ɉ Aźɉźũbh l i ihû h hğ l iğhûh û ûh h l i h e h qğki û û h AźɉźŪȎb Ĭ‹ AźŪļžŰŦ űŹj žŰŠ AźŦĵŇ ĵŧŠɿŗ j ĹɆjKJ űŹj jŧŰŇ ûe i h h h û h h û h h i i û h h ğ ğ e ʼnŎh ƅq źû hũ Š ŠɮȎ‹ ^ŠʆŲ= `źŰȱįŽ ŴŽjȑ‹ `j? ̊ AʼnŽj ĵųŰŝ ǖ h ûh û h h h q h û h i i ûh h ğ q h i i ̋ ˊǞjšŎ `źŰŕžŎb ðˊKĵŵ űŹj j ŵźśȨ Ǎj `źŰȱįŽ ĵųȫj? h ğ û i Šh û h m i ğ i i ûhh i û k h iû j iŽ ˏǻ j žȾŵƁ‹ Ŝj ń ŮĿjŲ jŋŬȓj ɉ ðűȡjʼnɧb= Ǎj Ĭ‹ űȲžŔź h h ûhhû h ûh qm h ğ i h hii h `˯ ð]h ŋh Ļ ĵŲh ĵĿŰľ Ŵğ Źi ŰŦ ǻ j ļȿľ‹ \źŦ ;ĵŏj ȸ Ŵȱ `jıŦ ki ûhhh h i û k hhh q h h û h h ĵųh Źi Ŷjû Ųk ʼnp ń j Š ɩh Ȃj ô ŕj ȍ‹ ĵŹŰŦ CʼnjńŠɩ ĺŵǽ j ů jŷɆźķƁj b ť h i h û ğ h xh h ih h h Ġ x h bh ÿȔi ğ ŴȲ Ȑ Ž űů `jıŦ ô Ȑb ÿȔ `ǽ `j? ]h ŋh Ļ ĵųjğ Ɋ Mi ʼni ŏɉ‹ i h x û h h h h i iĠ ki h hh ih jŷŲj k Ƃj Ŧ Cźh Ňj? ÿm Ȕi `ǽ `jıŦ Ľ ô ŰȌ‹ jŷŲj Ƃj Ŧ iaAźh ķɁ ÿm ŷľjKbh bh i im û i i Ġ ûh ûh m h j iŽ pĹžğ Ŕ űû ȱ>ĵhķA;h Ŵ j bh ʼnj šȨh Ŵü Ųj M ˍ g ŽI b= ĵŹjķ ǁź ô ʼnŏɉ‹ h h ûh q h h ûh i h h h i im h ĹŘɆŋj Ŧ ô ĵšq ŧȫ űû Ȳů Bi ŋh ũ= űû Źi ȬĠ Ɂ `bKi ʼnû Ļ ƅ űû ȱ>ĵŶh Ȩû Ɂbh i i hh q ŭńh ĵųžj h ğ `ğ ? jĬğ ‹ Ŵjh Ųk e ŰŠh `h ǽh Ĭ‹ ťŕjû ŵ űû Ȳůbø ̌ ĵųžj jñ h h h ğ ğ h h h x h ğ i i h û h i b ŴŹɉ ŴȲŽ űů `j? űû ȲŁi Š ɩh Lû = ]h ŋh Ļ ĵŲh Ŵğ Źi ɉ `ǽ `jıŦ ô Ȑ û h mh h i hh xhh û Ġ űi Ȳ ŰŦ Ȑb ĵŹjķ ǻŔź j iŽ pĹžğ Ŕ j bh ʼnj šȨh Ŵü Ųj ôŴh ȡŋh Ļ ĵųjğ Ɋ şi Ʌi ŋɉ‹ hx h û i ğ i h û ğ û h i ȡŋh hĻ ĵųjğ Ɋ şi Ʌi ŋɉ‹ i ɉbh ŴûŽIh bû h= û ğ Ġ Ȑ b ű Ȳ ů Ŵ Ȳ Ž ű ů ` ? ű ļ Ŵ Ź ô j ˏp h û h h h h h h h i x bh űû Ȳ ů `ǽ `jıŦ ʼnj šû Ȩh Ŵü Ųj k űˏ ļi ȡŋh Ļ ĵųjğ Ɋ Ŵi ųi ĠȌ‹ Ŵğ Źi ŰŦ Ȑ h eh h h i h i x i h h h h i i ğ h ûŽIh bû h= m ĵŹh ķ `ź bj = ĹۊʄŬ EKź Ž ŮŁK `ǽ `˯ Ŵ j b ˍp j ŔźĻ pĹžŔ h h h i ki h x û û f m ih h x h û h i i Ġ h iûk `jıŦ M j Š ɩh Ȃj j ŰŦ ĺŇ= b= H= ÿȔb C=ŋɊ‹ ô ʼnŏɉ‹ ĵųŹŶjŲ ʼnp ń m h h i û i h h Šh iĠ û h lmi h hhȱ űŹȯ ūj ɉə ŴjŲ ǜ ʼnj šû Ȩh Ŵü Ųj Ľ = Aźŵǽ ˏ j ŰȌ‹ Ǎj ;i ȢǨ h m m ğ h i ğ h k q ğ bh Kk ĵŘh Ɋi Ǟ h û Ȯh ŴûŽIh bû = ĵŹh ķ ǁź j b j ôp ñjĬ‹ Ŵjh Ų ĹžŔ j Š Ž pĹžŔ g û i i i h h ğ jşśj iŽ ŴŲh bh jĬğ ‹ Ib i ğ bh x Űńh űžj f ŰŠh Ĭ‹ Ĭ‹ ʼnń ūŰj Ļ ̍ űžj ô h ûh Šğ h i û û i ih i h h hŴŽjȒj Š ɗh ŋi Š ʇh ûŵƁ‹û ĵŹh j ļûƕh ŴjŲ dŋƏ p ɰŁ ŷŰjŇʼnŽ ÿȔźŎKb j ĺ hi i h h h ğ h ȯ i Şj šh ûů‹ Li źû ŧh ûů‹ ūjh ɉŠəh bh ô ĵŹžj ÿȔźŎKb Ĭ‹ œj šû Ȭh ŴŲh bh ̎ űž h e h iû ûi ih i i ğ hhhh x h h h h BAŊŠ ÿȔi bh ĵŹžj ȯ AȒq j Š ɗ AKĵ ŵ ŷŰjŇʼnŽ ÿaIbʼnń ʼnšļɆb

So let them be mindful of Allah and let them speak for justice. 10 Indeed, those who devour the wealths of orphans illicitly devour only fire into their bellies; and they will roasta in a blaze. 11 Allah enjoins youpl regarding your children: for the male is the equivalent of the share of two females. But if they are women above two, they get two-thirds of what he has left; and if she be one, then to her is the half. And for his parents—each gets one-sixth of what he has left if he has children. Yet if he has no children and his parents inherit (solely) from him, then his mother gets one-third. But if he has siblings, then his mother gets one-sixth, after )fulfilling( any bequest he may bequeathb and (paying off( any debt. Your parentsc and your children—you do not know which are more beneficial to you. (This is) an ordinance from Allah. Indeed, Allah has always been All-Knowing All-Wise. 12 And youpl get one-half of what your spouses have left if theyd have no children. Yet if they have children, then you get one-fourth of what they have left, after )fulfilling( any bequest they may bequeath and )paying off( any debt. And they get one-fourth of what you have left if you have no children. Yet if you have children, then they get one-eighth of what you have left, after )fulfilling( any bequest you may bequeath and (paying off) any debt. And if a man or a woman is to be inherited by a non-lineal heir while having a brother or sistere, then each of them gets one-sixth. But if they are more than that, then they share one-third, after )fulfilling( any bequest that may be bequeathedf and )paying off( any debt, without any harm (to anyone). (This is) an injunction from Allah, for Allah is AllKnowing, Clement. 13 These are the limits of Allah. And whoever obeys Allah and His Messenger—He entersg him into Gardens beneath which rivers flow, abiding therein, and that is the great triumph. 14 But whoever disobeys Allah and His Messenger and oversteps His limits—He entersg him into a fire wherein he abides, and for him is a demeaning punishment. 15 And those of your pl women who commit obscenity—call four of you to witness punishment).





Ibn ʻAmer and Shuʻba read it as: “. . . and they will be roasted in the blaze.” Qb Ibn Kathir, Ibn ʻAmer and Shuʻba read it as: “. . . after )fulfilling( any bequest that is bequeathed . . .” c Literally ‘your fathers’. d The pronoun is in feminine form, denoting that they are female spouses. e According to the majority of exegetes, this means the brother and the sister are from the deceased’s maternal side. Qf All except for Ibn Kathir, Ibn ʻAmer and ʻAsem read it as: “. . . after )fulfilling( any bequest that he may bequeath . . .” Qg Nafieʻ, Ibn ʻAmer and Abu Jaʻfar read it as: “. . . We enter him into . . .” Qa

52

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ğ h h Šhû h ûh i m k x Ġ űû Ȳjɋĵŏjh ȸ ŴjŲ ĹŒŅ j ʁů‹ ǻjȩįŽ Ʋj Š ɧ‹bh ̏ ǻŹj Ɋ l i h hh l q h h û h û h i AbʼnŹj ő `jıŦ ðűû ȲŶjŲk Ĺšh Ʌh Kû = Ŵğ Źj žû ŰŠ Abʼni Źj ŒȽŎĭ Ŧ h h û û i ğ h ûh i û h Š ğ ńh Dź Ůšh ƒ bû = Di źû ųh ɉ‹ Ŵğ Źi Š ƋŦźh ļh Ȭh Ʋ j ži iȊ‹ Ǎj Ŵğ Ÿźŭ jŏɊįŦ ûh hğ q h ğ ih iğ i i nh h û i h h h hðĵųŸb Š JĵZŦ űȲŶjŲ ĵŹj Ŷɱj ĻįŽ `A j ȑ‹b ̐ ƆžjȼŎ ŴŹɉ Ĭ‹ qĵķAźğ hĻ `h ǽh Ĭ‹ h ğ `ğ ? ñm ĵųh Źi Ŷû ȭh l Aźŗi ŋŠû hįhŦ ĵŅh hŰŔû h=bh ĵhķĵhĻ `ıhŦ j j j h ğ i h i ğ h hûh h ğ Ġ `ź ğ ĵųh ȫ? ̑ ĵųžj e ńKğ ;h źm ŏɉ‹ ŰųšȬ ŴŽjȓj ɉ jĬ‹ ȇ ĹɅh źû ȋ‹ j h h i ih ği h hh h Ģhlih i ğ ‹ Bź i ļi Ȭh ū Ĭ j ɌʤbįŦ ĶɆ p ŋj ũ ŴjŲ `źɅźļȬ űȪ Ĺp ۊʇƎj i ğ ûh q ŭńh ĵųžj i ğ `h Ȣh bh űû Źžû hŰŠh e ŰŠh Ĭ‹ ĹɅh źû ȋ‹ ĺ j ŏh ɀůbh ̒ ĵųžj ñ j h û i h ihûh h ğ h ğ `ź ğ h h h ńh AJh ? Ʋ ŰųšȬ ŴŽjȓj ɉ Di źû ųh ɉ‹ űi Ÿʼnh ńh = Ǵ j nZjžk ŏɉ‹ j Ģ ń Dĵ ğ h û h i ih h i ĸû ȩi ƭk ? ^ĵh hũ f ŧğ Ŭi űû Ÿi bh `ź ĻźųȬ ŴŽjȑ‹ ƅbh Ŵh ˜ů‹ ĺ ô Kĵ jj h h l ih h h ğ hĠh h h h Ģhli Ģ ̓ ĵųq Ȏj = ĵeķAŊh Šh űû Źi ɉ ĵhŵʼnû ļh ȭû = ū AźŶŲA; ŴŽjȑ‹ ĵŹȬɂʑ j Ɍʤb= h h l h h i m Ġ h h i h k q i i h i Ŵğ ŸźŰŘšû ȩ ƅbh ðĵŸŋû Ŭ ;h ĵŏh j ȿů‹ Aźľŋj Ļ `= űû Ȳů ŮjƘ ƅ h Šh h ûh h m ğ ğ i i iûh h m h û l h û j ʁjķ ǻjȩįŽ `= ƅj? ŴŸźųļɀĻA; ĵŲ Ŗj šĸh j ķ Aźĸi ŸŊh jȋ pĹŒŅ h h hh ğ i iiû h h i i h h hkh Ġ û û Ģ šȯ ŴŸźųļŸjŋŬ `jıŦ [b `= ƿ j ȕb ˏpĹŶjɀĸŲ ˏ j ŋi šųh ɉĭjķ Ŵğ ŸbǨ h h û h û h û Ɇh bh ĵnZq žû ő l AźŸi ŋh Ȳ q j ĿŬ ˊǞ q û Ňh jŷžjȯ Ĭ i ğ ‹ Ůšh ł `˯ ̔ ˊǞ Ļ h Ġ hh h h h û űi ȩI Ŵğ Źi Š Ɗʼnh ńû j ? űû ļi ûɀĻA;h bh Fp bû Lh `ǾŲğ Fp bû Lh ^Aʼnh ĸû j ȽŎ‹ K= û û h l i i h hh q h û h h i i h h ĵųq ľ˯ ĵŶq ŠɮŹû Ȩi ÿŷi ŵbŊŇįĻɁ ô ĵnZe žû ő ŷi Ŷjû Ų AbŊŇįĻ ƆŦ ˊKĵ śŶj ũ hŠ û i i û h h û h û h h i h i i û h h û h h q ĸŲĠ Š Ŧ= ʼnũb ÿŷŵbŊŇįĻ ťžȡb ̕ ĵŶɀ Ǔj? űȲŘšȨ DŽ j q h eŠh k i h û h hh hĵŲ l AźŅj i ŭŶhĻ ƅh bh ̖ ĵŞžj Űţ ĵŪɯžjŲ űȲŶjŲ `ŊŇ=b Ŗp šû Ȩh h h ğ hh h û h h ğ m h k h k i imh h h h h `ǽ ÿŷi ŵj? ť ô ŰŎ ʼnũ ĵŲ ƅj? j;ĵŏjȿů‹ ŴjŲ űȱ>ĵķA; ŃȲŵ e h m q h Šh û i h û hk i űû Ȳžû ŰŠ ĺ Ųŋj ń ̗ ƆžjȼŎh ;h ĵŎh bh ĵļq ŪŲh bh ĹŒŅ j ɤ h i h h i i ğh i i h i i i űû Ȳļi Š ʄŠɗbh űû Ȳļi Š ʅŠbh űû ȲĻŠʆh Ň=bh űû ȲĻĵŶh Ʌh bh űû Ȳļi Š ʇh Ųğ = hû ûiû i iŠh ğ ih i i h h h h mƲj Š ɧ‹ğ űi Ȳ j ļʇŲ=b ĺ j ŇƁ‹ DĵŶɅb HƁ‹ DĵŶɅh bh i m i iŠh h h h û i h û h h i Š ʇh Ųğ i=bh jĹšh Š ɟh ŋɉ‹ ğ Ŵjh Ųk űȲ űû Ȳjɋĵŏjh ȸ ĺ ĻʆŇ=b űȲŶšŗ˱=

against them; then if they testify, confine them to the houses until death takes them up or Allah makes a way for them. 16 And those two of you who commit it, then punish them both. Yet if they repent and reform, then disregard them both. Indeed, Allah has always been Granting and Accepting of repentance, Bestowing of mercy. 17 Indeed, (g ranting of ) repentance is (incumbent) upon Allah for those who do evil out of ignorance then repent soon after, for those—Allah accepts their repentance. And Allah has always been All-Knowing, All-Wise. 18 But (granting of) repentance is not for those who (continue to) do evil until, when death arrives to one of them, he says, “Indeed, I have now repented,” nor for those who die as deniers. Those—We have prepared for them a painful punishment. 19 O you who have attained faith, it is not lawful for you to inherit women forcefully, and do not coerce them in order to go away with some of what you have brought them, unless they commit an evident a obscenity. And let your pl relationship with them be in accordance with what is fair. And if you dislike them, it may be that you dislike something in which Allah has placed much good. 20 And if youpl want to replace one spouse with another spouse and you have given one of them a fortune, then take nothing back of it. Would you take it back (by committing) perjury and evident sin? 21 And how can you take it back when you have been intimate with one another and they have taken from you a solid pledge? 22 And do not marry women whom your fathers had married, except what has already passed. Indeed, that has been an obscenity and loathsome and an evil way. 23 Prohibited for you are your mothers and your daughters and your sisters and your paternal aunts and your maternal aunts and your brother’s daughters and your sister’s daughters and your (foster) mothers who nursed you and your sisters through nursing and your wives’ mothers and your stepdaughters who are in your guardianship—born of wives with whom you have consummated marriage, but if you have not consummated marriage with them, then no sin is committed by  you—and the lawful consorts of your begotten sons and to combine two sisters (in marriage, simultaneously), except what has already passed. Indeed, Allah has always been Oft-Forgiving, Bestowing of mercy. 24 Qa



Ibn Kathir and Shuʻba read it as: “. . . unless they commit an evidenced obscenity.” 53

PART 5. WOMEN

SURAH 4- AN-NISâ’

ğ ğ i i i i m k i Ģhhh Ʋj Š ɧ‹ űi Ȳjɋĵŏjh ȸ ŴjŲk űȡjKźł ń Ǎj Ʋj Š ɧ‹ űi Ȳĸi j Ɍʍ Kb û l û ğ h h h h i h û h Ŷh Łi ƆhŦ Ŵğ Źķ űļi ŰŇh Ih AźiŵźȲ Gĵ Ļ űů `jıŦ Ŵğ Źj j ķ űļi ŰŇI jj h i h h i mhûh i Ģh h h û i ûh h h ȑ‹ğ űi Ȳ `=bh űû ȲjĸŠʄŔû = Ŵjû Ų ŴŽj j ɋĵŶȨɁ ŮjɌˁńb űȲžŰŠ ğ ûh û i û hûh l i hûh h hh h h hğ ğ `j? ñťŰŎh ʼnû ũ ĵŲh ƅj? ǻ `ǽ Ĭ‹ j ļŇƁ‹ ǻȨ AźšųƏ ğ m k û ųi û ɉ‹bø q ńKğ ˊKź i Šɰh ŕh Ņ q ŧi Ȯh h ̘ ĵųžj ĵŲh ƅj? ;j ĵŏh j ȿů‹ Ŵjh Ų ĺ i h ğ i i h h ğ h Šh û i iŠh ûh û h h h ĵŲğ űȲů Ůjń=bh űô û Ȳžû ŰŠ jĬ‹ Ķ ɮjŬ ðűȲŶʅŽɁ ĺŭŰɊ h l Ġ h û i h û h h û i Šh h m h h i Šh û h ŶŕƤ hǞû Ȯ ǻj űȲj ůʆŲįjķ AźŤļȼĻ `= űȲj ůə ;AKb j i h i i h i ğ i i nh h ğ i û û ĵųh ȯh ǻ h ŧɹ Ŵğ ŸKź Ł= ŴŸźĻĵZŦ ŴŹŶjŲ Ājŷjķ űļi šû ļh ųû ļh Ŏ‹ j jŠ Ų ô Ņ h h h û i ûh h h h i h h ôq h h ʼnj šû Ȩh Ŵü Ųj Ājŷjķ űļi žû ŗŠɷh Ļ ĵųžj ȯ űȲžŰŠ GĵŶŁ ƅb ĹŘɆŋj Ŧ ğ h hû q ŭńh ĵųžj h ğ `ğ ? ˏjĹŘɆ e ŰŠh `h ǽh Ĭ‹ ŋj ŧů‹ şû śj ļh ŏû h ȹ űû ů ŴŲh bh ̙ ĵųžj j h e û û h Šh û i i h h û ĵŲğ Ŵųj Ŧ ĺ j ŶhŽ `= ƅźû Śh űû ȲŶjŲ j ŠɰŕŅųi ɉ‹ Ńh ŭ j ɰjŲİųɉ‹ ĺ h û h iğ h i Šh h h k i iŠh ûh û h h h h Ųİû ųi û ɉ‹ űi Ȳ Š ɰj űi ŰŠ= Ĭ‹ bĺ j ļɱļȯ ŴjŲ űȲŶʅŽɁ ĺŭŰɊ ˏj û h i i ûh k i i ûh i h `j JjıjȨ Ŵğ ŸźŅ Ȳ j ŵĭŦ Ŗ ˏ p šȨ Ŵü Ųj űȲŘšȨ űˏ Ȳj ŶŠʅŽjıjȨ ûi ih i i ğ i i hh ğ ûh û û h û Ȯh ĺŠɰh ŕh Ƥ [b Ǟ Ł= ŴŸźĻA;b ŴŹj j ŰŸ= j ŋi šųh ɉĭjķ Ŵğ ŸKź g h h i m h Š h Ųi h û ȩh Ɂ `û ıhŦ Ŵğ ŕńû = AJh ıhŦ `Aʼnh Ňû = DŠɶh ňļğ Ųi ƅh bh ĺŠɳ ǻ j j j p jŧɹ j j ˏp h h h h Šh i û h h û û hh h Ŵjh Ų ĺ j ŠɰŕŅųi ɉ‹ ȇ ĵŲ ťŕj ŵ Ŵğ Źj žû Űšȯ Ĺp ŒŅ j ʁjķ h l i û h h û i h hû h Ŷh šh ûů‹ ǀ h j Ňh Ŵû ųjh ɉ ūjh ɉŠəh BA Abǚj ŕĻ `=b űô ȲŶjŲ ĺ ˏ j Ŋšů‹ i h hkhi iğ i i x ğ x i h iğ h û i ğ xû h űû Ȳů ǻ j ȼȎj Ĭ‹ ʼnɆŋj Ž ̚ űžjńK KźŧȮ Ĭ‹b ñűȲů ǞŇ i ûh h h ih i ûh i h ûhh h h Ŏi űû Ȳ h ȑ‹ğ Ǻ ŽjʼnŹɆb ñűû ȲžŰŠ BźļɆbh űû Ȳj ŰĸȰ ŴjŲ ŴŽj h h i h h ih i ŋiŽ Ĭ‹ i ğ bh ̛ űžj i ğ bh x ŭńh űžj f ŰŠh Ĭ‹ űû Ȳžû ŰŠ Bź ļȬ `= ʼnɆ j i h h hh ğ h i ğh h ğ i ih q Şj Šh Ɔe žû Ųh l AźŰž ĵųž ųj Ļ `= D j Š ʆŹŒɉ‹ `źšjĸȽŽ ŴŽjȑ‹ ʼnɆŋj Ɇb û q h Šh i h h khi h iğ i i h ŰŇi bh űû ȲŶ ƃ‹ Ũj Š ťŧj ƞ `= Ĭ‹ ʼnɆŋj Ž ̜ ĵŧžjšŗ Ŵi ɹȸ ô j û h h h ğ l h i i h h l i i h ȑ‹ Ģ ̝ űȲŶh ûɀhķ űȲůŠʆh Ųû = Aźm ŰȱįĻ ƅ AźŶi ŲAh ;h ŴŽ j ĵŹh ȬĠ ɂʑ h i h h e h h i h h mğ hû ƅbh űô û ȲŶjŲk PA p ŋh Ļ ŴŠ Cŋh Šɲj Ļ `źȲĻ `= ƅj? Ůj śj Šɭůĭjķ

And (also prohibited are) women in wedlock, except those whom youpl rightfully possessa. (This is) Allah’s decree, binding upon you. But anything beyond these limits has been made lawful for youb, provided you seek them in wedlock, not in fornication, with (dowries from) your own wealths. So if you wish to enjoy them, then bring them their rewards— (as) an obligation. And no sin is committed by you if you agree to any change to the dowry after establishing the obligation. Indeed, Allah has always been AllKnowing, All-Wise. 25 But if one of you lacks the means to marry free believing women, then of those whom you rightfully possess from among your believing maidens. And Allah knows better of your faith. You are of one anotherc, so marry them with the permission of their familiesd and bring them their rewards in accordance with what is fair, in wedlock, not in fornication nor as mistresses. Then when they are married, if they commit an obscenitye, then their punishment is half that of free women. That is for those of you who want to avoid distress (by falling in sin). But to be patient is better for you. And Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Bestowing of mercy. 26 Allah wants to make things evident to youpl and to guide you by the rules (He set) for those before you and to grant you repentance and accept it from you. And Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise. And Allah wants to grant you repentance and 27 accept it from you, while those who follow desires want you to deviate (with) a great deviation. 28 Allah wants to lighten (your burden) for you, for man was created weak. 29 O you who have attained faith, do not devour each other’s wealths illicitly; rather (lawfully), if it should be a bargainf by your mutual consent. And do not kill yourselves; indeed, Allah has always been Bestowing of mercy upon you. 30 And whoever does that out of hostility and unjustly—We will roast him in a fire, and that has always been easy for Allahg. 31 If youpl avoid the

Men were not allowed to have intimate relationships with their bondwomen who were taken captive in war—a worldwide  that they were not pregnant from their previous ancient common practice—unless they menstruated at least once, to verify  husbands before bondage. Qb All except for Hafs, Hamza, Al Kesa’i, Abu Jaʻfar and Khalaf read it as: “But He has made anything beyond these limits lawful for you.” c Equal. d The guardians were called families. e Adultery. Qf All except for ʻAsem, Hamza, Al Kesa’i and Khalaf read it as: “. . . rather (it is lawful) in case there is a bargain by your mutual consent.” g A grammatical shift from 1st person to 3rd person. a

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h h hğ ğ û i h i h lm i i ûh i q ńKh űû Ȳ ŴŲh bh ̞ ĵųžj ķj `ǽ Ĭ‹ `j? űô Ȳŏŧŵ= AźŰļŪȩ û h h q h i h h i q h h û û `Ȣbh ˊô Kĵ ŵ jŷžj Űŕû ŵ [źû ŏh Ŧ ĵųq Űŝbh ĵŵŠɩh ʼnû Ši ūj ɉŠə Ůšh ŧȬh hh h h m h l ûh h h i e h ȹ jĬğ ‹ ȇ ūj ɉŠə ŷi Ŷû ȭ `źû Źh Ŷû ȩ ĵŲh ŋh j ɋĵĸh Ŭ Aźĸi j ȿļh Ə `j? ̟ AǞjŏ h qh i û i i i h kh i ĵųq Ɇŋj Ŭ ƆŇʼnû ŲĠ űȲŰjŇʼnû ŵbh űû Ȳj ĻĵnZh j žk Ŏh űû ȲŶŠ ŋû ŧj Ȳŵ i h ûh û h Š h h űû Ȳ i ğ Ůh Řğ hŦ ĵŲh l Aźû Ŷğ ųh ļh ȩh ƅh bh ̠ Ŗ ŘšȨ Ājŷjķ Ĭ‹ ˏ p šȨ ȇ k û x ŕhŵ ^ĵŁh ŋŰ x ŕhŵ ;j m ĵŏh kȿŰj ɉbh l Aźð ĸi ŏh hȽȱ‹ ĵųjğ Ɋk Ķž ĵųjğ Ɋk Ķž j j j j k jů j ki h h hğ ğ m û h hû h h û h ğ l AźiŰnZh Ŏû bh Ƿ `j? ĀjôŷjŰŘŦ ŴjŲ Ĭ‹ Ůj Ȳjķ `ǽ Ĭ‹ ô ŏȽȱ‹ h ki h q ŰŠh ;ƾ h h û h h h ğ h Š ʆh Ųh ĵŶh ûŰšh Łh Ȃj `A ůb ̡ ĵųžj g û j Ȑj Š ʆů‹ ]ŋĻ ĵųjɊ Ǔ j p i i nh h û i i Š h û h û h h h h ğ h h i h û h û h h ŕj hŵ űû Ÿź űô û Źi ĸž ĻĵZŦ űȲŶʅŽɁ DʼnŪȭ ŴŽjȑ‹b `ź ô ɅŋũƁ‹b h hh h i ğh i h k h h h hğ ğ e h û h ki ȇ ȇ `źɊŠʆũ ^ĵŁŋɉ‹ j Š `ǽ Ĭ‹ `j? j ̢ AʼnžŹj ő p;ƾ ȁ l ih h mh h i ğ Ůh Řğ hŦ ĵųh ķ j;mĵŏh j kȿů‹ Š h h űû Źi Řh šû Ȩh Ĭ‹ AźŪŧŵ= ĵųjɅb Ŗp šû Ȩh ȇ j û k ûh x h h f h h i h ğ h û hûh û ĵųh j ķ Ķ j žŤŰj ů ĺŠɾjŧŠɖ ĺŠɮj ŶŠɥ ĺŠɳj ۊɻůĭŦ űô Źj j ɉŠʆŲ= ŴjŲ i i û h ğ i i h ğ i h i i h i h h Šğ h i ğ h h Ŵğ Ÿbŋi ł Ÿ‹b ŴŸźŞjšŦ ŴŸLźŒȸ `źŦĵƛ Ʋj ɧ‹b ôĬ‹ Ŝjŧń l iûh hh û i hû hh û h ğ i i û h h hû AźŤĸȩ ƆŦ űȲŶšŚ= `jıŦ ðŴŸźɅǰ‹ j ĵŘųɉ‹ Ǎj j b jşŁ e h ğ ûh h û û q ĸŬh ĵžjkq ŰŠh `h ǽh Ĭ‹ h ğ `ğ ? ñ Ɔž űû ļi ŧjŇ `˯ ̣ ˊǞ j j ȼŎ ŴŹj žŰŠ j h h l i û h h ûh h h ûh Ŵjû Ųk ĵųq ŭńh bh ĀjŷjŰŸ= Ŵjû Ųk ĵųq ŭńh AźĿšh Ȩĭ Ŧ ĵųŹj j Ŷɀķ \ĵŪjő m ûh h mh i k h h hğ ğ m h ihûh iğ `j? ñ ĵųŹŶɀķ Ĭ‹ Ũjj ȯźh iŽ ĵŅq Š ʄŔû j ? AʼnɆ ŋj Ž `j? ĵŹjh ŰŸ= `ǽ Ĭ‹ l i ûi hh hğ l i i û h q h q h e h ðĵnZžû ő Ājŷjķ AźȡǬ j ȶ ƅb Ĭ‹ Abʼnĸȭ‹bø ̤ ˊǞjĸŇ ĵųžj ŰŠ h û h hû h Š h Šh hû h Šh û iû ûŽȐh j Š ʆh ûůĭɅbh h ĵŶq ɹ Š Š ń ? Ŵ ǻj ŭ ɹ ų ɉ‹ b ȗ ŋ Ū ů‹ dj Ŋ Ʌ b b ǖ ɮ Ȏ‹ j j j j j ûh ûi ûh h h û i û ûh h ğ i h Š ŋŪů‹ djJ jKĵƠ‹b Ķ˪ j Ơĭjķ Ķj j ńĵŕɉ‹b Ķ j ŶƠ‹ jKĵƠ‹b ȗ i h hğ ğ û i iŠh ûh û h h h h h û h ğ `j? ñűȲŶʅŽɁ ĺŭŰɊ ĵŲb Ůž ŴŲh ĶjĠ Ƙ ƅ Ĭ‹ j j ȼŏɉ‹ Ŵj ķ‹b h i iûhh h i h ûh h ğ i h q hûi h h hMĵğȍ‹ `b e ň ŋɊįɆb `źŰňĸȬ ŴŽjȑ‹ ̥ AKź Ŧ ƅĵļƥ `ǽ h m h h û h i i û h h û iû û i ğ űi Źi Š ƋhĻA;h ĵŲh `ź ĵŵʼnû ļh ȭ=bh ĀjñŷjŰŘŦ ŴjŲ Ĭ‹ ųļȲɆb Ůj ňȊĭjķ mh h û i h h û h h i i h ğ h h û q ŹɊĠ ĵķAq Ŋh Šh ŴɆ h ŋŧj Š ʃ ;ĵijjK űŹɉŠʆŲ= `źŪŧj ŶŽ ŴŽjȑ‹b ̦ ĵŶž Űj ɉ j j

major deeds of what you have been forbidden, We remit your (lesser) evil deeds and make you enter in a noble waya. 32 And do not covet whatever Allah has favored some of you with over others. For men is a share of what they have earned, and for women is a share of what they have earned. And ask Allah of his grace. Indeed, Allah has always been AllKnowing of everything. 33 Thus to everyone We have assigned heirsb for what parents and close relatives have left. And those with whom youpl have a bond of sworn fidelity—bring them their share. Indeed, Allah has always been Witness over everything. 34 Men should be constant caretakers of women with what Allah has favored one over the other and with what they spend (for support) from their wealths. So righteous women are devout, preservers of (virtue, even regarding) hidden matters, as Allahc (commanded matters to be) preserved. But those women from whom youpl fear disloyalty—admonish them and abandon them in beds and strike themd. But if they obey you, then do not seek any way against them. Indeed, Allah has always been All-High, Supreme. 35 And if youpl fear discord between themdl, then send a judge from his family and a judge from her family; if theydl want reconciliation, Allah will bring about harmony between them. Indeed, Allah has always been All-Knowing, All-Aware. 36 And worship Allah and do not associate anything with Him, and be good to both parents and to the relative and the orphans and the destitutepl, and the neighbor who is a relative and the neighbor who is a stranger, and the companion at your sidee and the traveler in need and to those whom you rightfully possess. Indeed, Allah does not love whoever has been a selfadmiring boaster: 37 thosef who are miserly and command mankind to miserliness and conceal what Allah has brought them of His grace—and We have prepared for the deniers a demeaning punishment, and those who spend their wealths for show in 38 front of people and believe neither in Allah nor in the Last Day. And whoever has Satan as a comrade, then how evil is such a comrade! 39 And what harm would it have done them, had they believed in Allah





Nafieʻ and Abu Jaʻfar read it as: “. . . and enter you into a noble entrance.” Literally ‘protégés’. Qc Abu Jaʻfar read it as: “. . . as (the religion of) Allah has been preserved.” d Hitting lightly after two phases of non-physical interaction is a sign of seriousness about ending the marriage. e The fellow-traveler. f A grammatical shift from singular to plural. Qa b

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û h ğ h û h i j ğȍ‹ Ŵj ȲhŽ ŴŲh bh ˍŋjj Ň˖‹ _j źû hȎĭjķ ƅbh jĬĭjķ `źŶji ŲİiŽ ƅbh Mĵ h hh h ğ q ŋhũ ÿȔi h Ŵi Šɽh žû Œɉ‹ q ŋhũ ;h m ĵŏh hŦ ĵŶɆ źû ɉ űû Źj žû ŰŠ AJĵŲh bh ̧ ĵŶɆ j j h h iğ i i hh h ğ l i h hh û û h ğ l ih `Ȣbh Ĭ‹ ô űŹȰLK ĵųjɊ AźŪŧŵ=b ŋjj Ň˖‹ _j źhȎ‹b jĬĭjķ AźŶŲA;h h h hû û h hğ ğ i h iğ e ŰŠh űû Źķ Ĭ‹ `j? ̨ ĵųžj ūĻ `˯ ˌp ˅Kğ J ^ĵŪĿjŲ űji ŰŞȬh ƅ Ĭ‹ jj û h qh h hûh h û h e û h iûiğ q ťžŭŦ ̩ ĵųžŞj Š AŋŁ= ŷŵȐ ŴjŲ D j İɆi bh ĵŹh ŧjšŠɼiŽ ĹŶŏh ń m h Ģ h Šh h h h û h h ği ki h û AJh ? j;ƅİi ʧ ȇ ūjķ ĵŶĴŁ b ʼn ž Ź Œ j p j j ȵ ģ Ĺ Ų= ȁ j j j ŴjŲ ĵŶĴŁ hû h i ğ l i h h h l i h h h ğ Ġ h h h û h q h źɉ ^źŎŋɉ‹ AźŕŠb Abŋŧȱ ŴŽjȑ‹ IźŽ Ŋp j ɌŲźŽ ̪ AʼnžŹj ő h h q h hğ h iiû h hh i hû i Š ğ hi Ģ ̫ ĵĿŽj ĵŹh ȬĠ ɂʑ ʼnń Ĭ‹ `źųļȲŽ ƅb P˱Ɓ‹ űŹj j ķ cźŏȶ h i û i hh hŠh ğ l ih ûh h l ih h h ğ Š ŋh Š ʃ Š ğ ńh c Ŏ űļŵ=b CźŰŕɉ‹ AźɅŋŪȩ ƅ AźŶŲA; ŴŽjȑ‹ Ʋ ğ h h i ih h l ihûh Š ğ ńh ŮžjȼŎh dŋj j ķȕh ƅj? ĵĸe Ŷi Łi ƅbh `ź Ʋ ɉźŪȩ ĵŲ AźųŰšȩ g h h h h l i hûh i m h Š h û Ģ h ûğ i x ʼnńh = ;h ĵŁh bû = ŋg ŧŎh ȇ b= ǂŋŲ űļŶŬ `˯ Aźô Ű jŏȽŤȩ m l h û h h h m h k i i û h Šh û h m h û h k i k ;q ĵŲh Abʼni Ə j űŰŦ ;ĵŏjȿů‹ űļŏųɧ b= řj j ɋĵŤů‹ ŴjŲ űȲŶjŲ l i h û h qk h q h l i ğ hhh i i ûʼnŽɁh bh űû Ȳj ûñűȲŽj ŸźŁi źi j ķ AźŅ ŏɊĭŦ ĵĸjžŚ AʼnžjšŔ Aźųųžļȯ l i i h ğ h hh ûhh h ğ `ğ ? e ŧi Ȯh Aźĝ ŧi ȭh `h ǽh Ĭ‹ AźĻb= ŴŽjȑ‹ Ǔj? ŋĻ űɉɁ ̬ AKź j h h i ih hh h ğ û û h h i h h h k q h `= `bʼnɆŋj Ɇb ĹۊʄŘɉ‹ `bǛ Œȹ Ķ j Šɮjŭů‹ ŴjŲ ĵĸžŕj ŵ h ğ l Ġ h ğ Šhhh û i mh û h ih û h iğ h ȡb űô Ȳj ɋAʼnŠįjķ űŰŠ= Ĭ‹b ̭ Ůžjȼŏɉ‹ AźŰŘ jĬĭjķ Ǐ j Ļ h h h kq h h i i l i h h ğ h k q ŕj hŵ jĬğ ĭķ Ǐ `źŦŋj k hƘ AbIĵŸ ŴŽj ȑ‹ ŴjŲ ̮ ˊǞ j Š ȡb ĵȎj b hû h i ihh ğ h û bh ĵŶh žû ŕh Šh bh ĵŶh šû ųŎh `ź şû ųh Ŏ‹ ɉźŪɆb ĀjŷjšŗA j źh Ų ŴŠ űjh Ȁů‹ j h qû hh û h ûh ü h h h h h û i hû h k źû ɉbh ŴŽj ˏ j Ȑ‹ Ǎj ĵŶšŚb űŹj j ļȿ jŏɉɂjķ ˋȎğ ĵŶjŠŠɚb şp ųŏɊ ǞȮ ğ qû h h h h h û i h û h û h hû hhh hû h l i h û i ğh űû Źi ɉ ˊǞ Ň `Ǿů ĵŵŋŞŵ‹b şųŎ‹b ĵŶšŚ=b ĵŶšųj Ŏ Aźɉĵũ űŹȫɁ ğ h i ûi hh û ûi h h ûh i ğ ‹ űi Źi Ŷh šh ůğ ŴȲ ƅj? `źŶjŲİŽ ƆŦ űjŸŋj ŧȲjķ Ĭ j Š ɧbh _źh ũ=bh h h q h Šɮjh ŭûů‹ l AźiĻbi= ŴŽj h ȑ‹ğ ĵŹh ȬĠ ɂʑ hĵȍû Ōğ hŵ ĵųh ķ l AźŶji ŲA;h Ķ Ģ ̯ Ɔžj Űhũ j h ğihh q i i h ûğ h ûh k i h h hk q k h i ĵŸIǝȯ ĵŸźŁb ōųj śȫ `= Ůj ĸȰ ŴjŲ űȲšŲ ĵųj ɉ ĵũjʼnŕɊ h h h Ŕû h= m ĵŶğ šh hů ĵųh Ŭh űû Źi Ŷh šh ûŰhŵ bû h= m ĵŸh KĵhķIû h= ȇ û ŏɉ‹ ğ h Ģhh Š `Ȣbh ĺ ĸ ɳ Ķ ˏj j

and the Last Day and spent out of what Allah had provided them? And Allah has always been AllKnowing about them. 40 Indeed, Allah does not do an atom’s weight of injustice. And if it is a gooda deed, He multiplies it and gives from Himself a great reward. 41 So how will it be when We bring forth a witness from every community and We bring yousg forth as a witness over all these? 42 On that day, those who denied and disobeyed the Messenger wish that the earth would be leveled with them, for they conceal nothing from Allah. 43 O you who have attained faith, do not approach prayer while you are drunk so that you may know what you say, nor while you are in a state of major impurityb —unless you are traveling—until you have bathed. And if you are sick or traveling or one of you returns from relieving oneself or you have touched women (in intercourse) and cannot find water, then find clean soil and wipe your faces and your hands with it. Indeed, Allah has always been Pardoning, Oft-Forgiving. 44 Have yousg not seen those who were given a share of the Scripture? They purchase utter misguidance and want youpl to stray from the way. 45 Yet Allah knows better of your pl enemies, and sufficient is Allah as an Ally, and sufficient is Allah as a Supporter. 46 Some of those who have Judaized distort words from their context and say, “We have heard and disobeyed,” and “Listen; may yousg not hear,” and “Raʻinac”, twisting it with their tongues and thereby slandering the religion. But had they said, “We have heard and obeyed,” and “Listen,” and “Give us your sg attention,” it would have been better for them and more upright. But Allah has cursed them for their denial, so they do not believe except for a few. 47 O you who have been brought the Scripture, believe in what We have bestowed from on high, confirming what you have, before We obliterate faces and turn them around upon their backs, or curse them as We cursed the fellows of the Sabbath d . And the command of Allah is bound to be performed. 48 Indeed, Allah does not forgive associating (any partners) with Him, yet He forgives anything less  than that for whomever He wills. And whoever associates anything with Allah has very truly Qa b c d



Nafieʻ, Ibn Kathir and Abu Jaʻfar read it as: “. . . atom’s weight of injustice. And if there is a good deed . . .” A state of major impurity after sexual discharge, requiring a full body wash. This word means ‘Pay heed to us’ but sounds similar to a Hebrew word that means ‘the most evil of us’. The breakers of the Sabbath. 56

PART 5. WOMEN

SURAH 4- AN-NISâ’

h e i ûh ğ i ûh h ğ `ğ ? ̰ ƅź h û i ȹ `= ŋi jŧŤû Ȭh ƅh Ĭ‹ Ājŷjķ ]h Ǭ šŧŲ jĬ‹ ŋɊ= j h h ğ û û i h h i m h h h h Šh h i h i û h h ʼnj Ūȯ jĬĭjķ ]Ǭ j ȹ ŴŲb ô ;ĵŒȹ Ŵųj ɉ ūj ɉə `bI ĵŲ ŋjŧŤɆb h h Ġ i h e Şj Šh ĵųe Ȫû ? c hhû h ȑ‹ğ Ǔh ? ŋh hĻ űû h ɉɁ ̱ ĵųž űˏ Źi ŏh ŧŵ= `źȡŌh iŽ ŴŽj j Ģ Ǜȯ‹ j k iğ e h h h û h m h i ŋû Şŵ‹ ̲ ƆžjļŦ `źųi ŰŞȬi ƅbh ;i ĵŒhȹ ŴŲh ȟj Ōh iŽ Ĭ‹ Ůj hķ h hh h h û ğ hh h ih ûh hûh e ĸŲĠ ĵųq ûľ? mĀjŷķ Ǐ ̳ ĵŶɀ j j Š ȡb ðBjŊŭů‹ jĬ‹ ȇ `bǛŧȬ ťžŬ j h û h û h k q h l i i h ğ h hh ûhh Š `źŶji ŲİiŽ Ķ ɮj j ŭů‹ ŴjŲ ĵĸžŕj ŵ AźĻb= ŴŽjȑ‹ Ǔj? ŋĻ űɉɁ mhiĢh l ihh h i ihh i ğ û û ķ h ȓjğ ɉ `ź ;j ƅİʧ Abŋŧȱ ŴŽj ɉźŪɆb Dź j ŤŠɽů‹bh ĺ j ĸƠĭ j j i ğ ğ l e h h h h Ÿû h= h ȑ‹ Ŵjh Ų c h ȑ‹ ūɌʤĢ bl = ̴ ƆžȼŎh AźŶi ŲAh ;h ŴŽj Š ʼn űi Źi Ŷh šh ů ŴŽj j j h h h h h û e ŕj ŵ ÿȔi ʼnh Ə ŴŰh hŦ Ĭ‹ i ğ Ŵšh ûŰhŽ ŴŲh bh ðĬ‹ iğ űû Źi ɉ _= ̵ AǞ j j h h i ûi ğ q h û iû h k x h h ȍ‹ e jŪhŵ Mĵ ğ `ź _û = ̶ AǞ ĻİŽ ƅ AJjıŦ ū j Űųɉ‹ ŴjŲ Ķžŕj ŵ hh h i i ûh û h h ğȍ‹ `b i ğ űi Źi Š ƋhĻA;h m ĵŲh ȇ Š h h Mĵ ʼnû Ūȯ ĀjðŷjŰŘŦ ŴjŲ Ĭ‹ ʼnŏƘ ûe Ġ i h û h h h h h û û h h h û h h û h h m h û h h ǾŰŲ űŹŠɰžȩA;b Ĺųŭj ơ‹b ĶŠɮjŭů‹ űžjŸŠɷķj? ^A; ĵŶɀĻA; h h q Şj Šh ŷô i Ŷû ȭ ʼnğ Ŕh ŴŲğ űŹi Ŷjû Ųbh Ājŷjķ Ŵh ŲAh ;h Ŵû Ųğ űŹi Ŷû ųj Ŧ ̷ ĵųž h hh h l hh h ğ ğ e jšŎh űh Ŷğ Źh hƎ Ǐ [źû Ŏh ĵŶh j ļŠɔ˲ Abŋi ŧȱ ŴŽj ȑ‹ `j? ̸ AǞ j Š ȡbh û e i i i i û łh Řhŵ ĵųh ğǿi ˊKĵ q hŵ űû Źžj Űŕû iŵ AIźŰŁi űû Źi Šɰh ůʼnğ hķ űŸIźŰŁi ĺ j j û l h h i i ğ h h hû h q ŭńh AŌɆ h h h ğ `? BA e ŌŠh `ǽ Ĭ‹ ̹ ĵųžj j ñ Ŋšů‹ AźũbŊhȎj ĵŸǞȮ j ğh û ii ûi h h ğ l i h l ih h ȑ‹ğ bh ĺ j Šɳj ۊɻů‹ AźŰųj Šbh AźŶŲA;h ŴŽj p ŠɰŁ űŹŰjŇʼnŶŎ ĺ h m h û iğ qhh m h h Ȓj Š ɗh ŋi Š ʇh ûŵƁ‹û ĵŹh j ļûƕh ŴjŲ dŋûƏh ĵŹžjȯ űŹɉ ðˑʼnķɁ ĵŹžjȯ ŴŽj j e h kq û i i û i h x h ğ h Ġ x h û h ğ ğ hĬ‹ `j?ø ̺ Ɔžj Űŝ Ɔjŝ űŹŰjŇʼnŵb ð CŋŹśŲ FŠɩL= û h h h h û h Ģh h hhû l Ġ hi h i h û Ȩh űļi ųû ŭ ǻ ń AJ˯ ĵŹj ŰŸ= Ǔj? ĺ j ŠɰŠɨƁ‹ AbIİĻ `= űû ȱŋi Ɋi įhŽ i ûh h ğ i i h ğ `ğ ? ^ʼnû šh ûůĭķ l Aźųi ŭ j ğȍ‹ ƕ `= Mĵ `j? mĀjñŷjķ űȲŞjšhŽ ĵųğ jšjŵ Ĭ‹ j ˏj j l i h lm i h h h ğ h Ġh h h ųŎh `h ǽh Ĭ‹ hğ q ŕj hķ ˋü šž Ģ ̻ ˊǞ AźšžjŚ= AźŶŲA; ŴŽjȑ‹ ĵŹȬɂʑ j h û lih h i l i hh hğ i û ûűļi ȭû Ōh Šɰh hĻ `ıhŦ ðűû ȲŶj ğ AźšžjŚ=b Ĭ‹ Ų jŋɊƁ‹ Ƞj b=b ^źŎŋɉ‹ j ûi i i ğ h i ğ h ğ h i Ġ h û h Ǎ Ŭ `j? ^ź jĬĭjķ `źŶji ŲİĻ űû ļŶ j j Ŏŋɉ‹b jĬ‹ Ǔj? abIŋi Ŧ ;p ƾ

fabricated a great sin. 49 Have yousg not seen those who claim purity for themselves? Rather, Allah purifies whom He wills, and they will not be dealt with unjustly by as much as the thread upon a datestone. 50 Seesg how they fabricate lies against Allah, and that alone suffices as an evident sin. 51 Have yousg not seen those who were given a share of the Scripture? They believe in superstitiona and false masters, and say of those who have denied, “These are better guided on the way than the ones who have believed.” 52 Those are the ones whom Allah has cursed; and whomever Allah curses, you will find no supporter for him. 53 Or do they own a share of the dominion? Then they do not bring to mankind by as much as a groove in a date-stone. 54 Or do they envy mankind for whatever Allah has brought them of His grace? For surely, We brought Abraham’s folk the Scripture and wisdom, and We gave them a great dominion. 55 Then, of them there were those who attained faith in him, and of them were those who barred from him. And sufficient is Hell as a blaze. 56 Indeed, those who have denied Our signs— We will roast them in a fire. Every time their skins are roasted through, We will replace them with other skins so that they may (continue to) taste the punishment. Indeed, Allah b has always been Almighty, All-Wise. 57 But those who have attained faith and have done righteous deeds—We will enter them into Gardens beneath which rivers f low, abiding therein forever; for them in it are cleansed spouses, and We will admit them into an evershading shade. 58 Indeed, Allah commands youpl to return trusts back to their owners, and that when you judge between mankind, you judge with justice; indeed, Allah admonishes you with what is excellent. Indeed, Allah has always been AllHearing, All-Seeing. 59 O you who have attained faith, obey Allah and obey the Messenger and those in command among you. And if you disagree over anything, refer it to Allah and the Messenger, if you believe in Allah and the Last Day. That is better and fairer in interpretation. 60 Have yousg not seen those who claim that they have believed in what was sent  what was sent down before you, down to you and yet they want the judgment of false masters in spite of being commanded to deny it? For Satan wants to a b



The Arabic word is Gypt which may also mean the Gyptana, a book written by ancient Egyptian monks. A grammatical shift from 1st person to 3rd person. 57

PART 5. WOMEN

SURAH 4- AN-NISâ’

h h h hh û e ûh h h h Ǔj? ŋh Ļ űû ɉɁ ̼ ƆɆjbįĻ Ŵi ŏh ńû =bh xǞû Ň ūj ɉŠə ˏŋjj Ň˖‹ _j źû hȎ‹bh h i m h h h ûh h i m h l i h h û i ğh h i i ûh h ğ ŴjŲ ^Ōŵ j = ĵŲb ūȎj? ^Ōŵ j = ĵųjķ AźŶŲA; űŹȫɁ `źųȭŌŽ ŴŽjȑ‹ h lm i ûhh i ğ h l h h h h h i i h ûh `= Abŋji Ɋ= ʼnũb Dź ŋj Ž ūj ŰĸȰ j ŤŠɽů‹ Ǔj? Aźm ųi ŬĵŅļȬh `= `bʼnɆ h l ğ h h ü h ğ i iû h q Aʼnžšj hķ ƆŠʄŗ űû Źi ŰŘ j iŽ `= Ŵi Šɽh žû Œɉ‹ ʼnɆŋj Ɇi bh Ājðŷjķ Abŋi ŧȲŽ h i ğ h h h m h Šh l û h h h û i h h h i ğ ^ź j Ŏŋɉ‹ Ǔ˯ Ĭ‹ ^Ōŵ= ĵŲ Ǔj? Aźɉĵšȩ űŹɉ ŮžjȰ AJ˯ ̽ mh hû h h q h h h ûŽɁh Kh h ŪŧŠɰh ųi û ɉ‹ ĺ h AJj? ťžŭŦ ̾ AIbʼni Ŕi ūŶŠ `bʼnĠ ŕi hŽ ǻ jj h i ûh h i m h ğ i û ûh û h ğ h h h Ġ i ûhŠ h h `źŧj ŰƘ ]b;ĵŁ űȪ űŹj ŽjʼnŽɁ ĺŲʼnũ ĵųjķ ˫ĸžŕj Ų űŹļĸɞ= h ğ e h ğ h Ģhli h ȑ‹ğ ū Š h ńû j ? mƅj? m ĵhŵIû Kh = `û j ? jĬĭ ŴŽj Ɍj ʤb= ̿ ĵŪžjȯźû Ļbh ĵŶq ɹ jķ h ğ i ii û h û û h i ğ ‹ űi hŰšû Ȭh űû Źi ɉ Ůũbh űû Źi ŞjŠbh űû Źi Ŷû ȭ Pŋj ŠįŦ űû Źj j ɅźŰũ Ǎj ĵŲh Ĭ ğ q h üh û h û i h m i Kğ ŴjŲ ĵŶh ûŰŎh Kû h= m ĵŲh bh ̀ ĵŤžj Űķ ƅźũ űŹj jŏŧŵ= Ǎj ƅj? ^ź Ŏ g h h l h h û h ğ i mi ğ ğ h ;i m ĵŁh űû Źi ŏh ŧŵ = AźųŰŝ Jj? űû Źi ȫɁ źû ɉbh jôĬ‹ `j JjıjȨ Sĵśh iȎj ]b h hğ l i h hh i i ğ i ih h h û h û h hğ l i h û h û h ĵķAq źğ Ļ Ĭ‹ AbʼnŁźɉ ^źŎŋɉ‹ űŹɉ ŋŧŤļŎ‹b Ĭ‹ AbŋŧŤļŎĭŦ k hi ğ h h i ûi h h kh h hh h ųji ŭ q ńKğ h ȯ ]ź Š ń `źŶjŲİŽ ƅ ūjɅKb ƆŦ ́ ĵųžj ĵųžj ƘƲ i h m l i h h ğ i û ihûh h h h hĺžû Řh hũ ĵųjğ Ɋk ĵŁq ŋh ńh űû Ź jŏŧŵ = Ǎj Abʼnƒ j ƅ ű Ȫ űŹ Ŷ ɀ ķ ŋ ł ő j lm i iû h û ûh h hûh h ğh ûh h q Űŏû h ȶ l Aźųji kŰŏh i ȹbh AźŰļȰ‹ `j = űŹj žŰŠ ĵŶȼļŬ ĵŵɁ źɉb ͂ ĵųžj l x h ğ i i h h ğ i Šh i h û h i Ůžj Űũ ƅj? aź Űšȯ ĵŲ űȡŋj ɔjI ŴjŲ AźŁi ŋi ҋ jb= űû Ȳŏh ŧŵ= ğ qû h h h h l i h ğh h h i h űû Źi ɉ ˊǞ Ň `Ǿů Ājŷjķ `źŞȭźiŽ ĵŲh AźŰšh ȯ űû Źi ȫɁ źû ɉbh ðűû Źi Ŷjû Ųk h q q ĸûȾhĻ ʼnğ őh h=bh q Şj Šh Aŋe Łû h= m ĵȫğ Ȑi ğ ŴjŲk űŹi Šɰh žû ȩ˘ AJ˯ ̓ ĵļɀ ̈́ ĵųž j h i ğ h hğ q hû h h Ġ h h û q h i û ^źŎŋɉ‹b Ĭ‹ jşśj Ž ŴŲbh ͅ ĵųžjŪļŏŲ ĵŚŠɷŔ j űŹi ŠɰŽʼnŹh ɉbh h h iğ h hûh h ğ h h h hlih Ŵāh Zjžk j ȼğȍ‹ Ŵjh Ųk űŹj žû ŰŠ Ĭ‹ űšȫɁ ŴŽjȑ‹ şŲ ūjɌʤĢ bįŦ ğ h mh h Ġ h h k k h h h i h Ņjۊɻů‹ ūjɌʤĢ bl = Ŵh ŏi ńh bh ôǻ b j;AʼnŹŒɉ‹b ǻjŪŽjʼnŕɉ‹ j j b û h q h ğ Š h h ğ h i û h h Šh q ŰŠh jĬĭ ͇ ĵųžj ô ‹ ŴjŲ ŮŘŧů‹ ūj ɉə ͆ ĵŪžjȯK j ķ Ǐ ȡb j Ĭ h i l i h û ih û l i i l ih h h ğ h ĠhĢh h g ĸȪ AbŋjŧŵĭŦ űȡKŊjń AbŊŇ AźŶŲA; ŴŽjȑ‹ ĵŹȬɂʑ jb= Dĵ û h ğh khiğ hh û i ğ q Ʀh l Abŋi ŧŵ‹ `jıŦ Ǽśj ĸȎ Ŵųɉ űȲŶjŲ `˯ ͈ ĵšžj j

make them stray into extreme misguidance. 61 And when it is said to them, “Come to what Allah has sent down, and to the Messenger,” you see the hypocrites barring (themselves and others) from yousg completely. 62 So how will it be when a calamity befalls them because of what their hands have put forth, then they come to yousg swearing by Allah: “We only wanted excelling in doing good and bringing about harmony”? 63 Those are the ones whom Allah knows whatever is in their hearts, so disregard them, yet admonish them and say to them words far-reaching to their (inner) selves. 64 And never did We send any messenger but to be obeyed by Allah’s leavea. And had they—after being unjust to themselves—come to yousg and sought Allah’s forgiveness, and had the Messengerb prayed for their forgiveness, they would have found Allah Granting and Accepting of repentance, Bestowing of mercy. 65 But no, by yoursg Lord, they will never attain faith until they make you judge in their disputes, then find within themselves no discomfortc from whatever you have decreed and submit completely. 66 And had We decreed for them: “Kill yourselves,” or “Depart your homes,” they would not have done it, except for a few of them. But had they done what they were admonished, it would have been better for them and a firmer confirmation. And We would then have brought them from Us 67 a great reward, 68 and We would have guided them to a straight path. 69 And whoever obeys Allah and the Messenger—then those d are with the ones whom Allah has blessed of the prophets and the unwavering believers and the witnessese and the righteous, and excellent are those as company! 70 That is the grace from Allah, and sufficient is Allah as All-Knowing. 71 O you who have attained faith, take your precautions, then mobilize in groups or mobilize all together. 72 And indeed, there is among you one who would certainly tarry behind; then, if a calamity befalls you, he would say, “Allah has truly favored me as I was not a witnessf with them.” But if some grace from Allah befalls youpl, he 73 would say—as if no love existed between you and





a b c d e f

A grammatical shift from 1st person to 3rd person. A grammatical shift from 2nd person to 3rd person. Literally ‘blame’. A grammatical shift from singular to plural. The Arabic word used is shuhada’, which literally means ‘witnesses’ and is usually used to describe martyrs. The Arabic word shaheed may mean ‘a witness’, ‘a martyr’ or ‘present’. 58

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i h h û ğh h i ğ h h û h û h h h x h Ġ i û hŠ h h Ĭ‹ űšȫɁ ʼnũ ^ĵũ Ĺĸžŕj Ų űȲļĸɞ= Ŵȱ= űû ɉ Jj? ȇ h h i ğ x û h i h h h q h Ŵğ ůźŪhȎ jĬ‹ Ŵjh Ųk ŮŘŦ űû Ȳĸh Š ɞ= Ŵû j Ɍůbh ͉ AʼnžŹj ő űû Źi šh Ųğ i hûh ü i h û ğ h h i Ŭi ƴhȽžû hۊɔh x CIğ źh Ɋh ÿŷi Ŷh ûɀɅh bh űû Ȳ ĺŶ Ŷɀķ ŴȲĻ űů `įŬ j û û ğ h iŦhįhŦ űû Źi šh Ųh q Şj Šh ALe źû hŦ Lź h Ǎ ŮjļŠʂh ži ŰhŦø ͊ ĵųž ȼ Ŏ jĬ‹ Ůž j j j û Šhi h h h h h û Ġ h Š h hû h i û h h ğ Ůž j j ȼŎ Ǎj ŮjļʂŽ ŴŲb ˏj CŋjŇ˖ĭjķ ĵžȫȐ‹ Cźžơ‹ `bǬȹ ŴŽjȑ‹ ğ q Şj Šh Aŋe Łû h= jŷžjȩİû iŵ [h źû ŏh hŦ Ķjû ŰŤû Ȭh bû h= Ůû ļh Ūû ži ȯh jĬ‹ ĵŲh bh ͋ ĵųž h i Šhi h û i h ğ h ŧšh Řû ļh ŏû ųi û ɉ‹bh jĬ‹ h Ŵjh Ų ǻ Ůž j j j ȼŎ Ǎj `źŰjļʂĻ ƅ űȲů h i i h ğ Šh û û h m h k h û h m h k ĵŶh Łû ŋj Ň= ĵŶh Ʌğ Kh `źɉźŪȬh ŴŽj ȑ‹ `j ɵůjźɉ‹b j;ĵŏjȿů‹b ^ĵ j Łŋɉ‹ j ğh h û h h i û h ğ h û h û hŠ û qk h h i ğ ĵȎj b ūŵȐ ŴjŲ ĵȍ ŮšŁ‹b ĵŹŰŸ= űjj ɉĵŞů‹ jĹɆŋŪů‹ j aŊj ɪ ŴjŲ ğ h i h l h iğ û bh e ŕj hŵ ūŵ h ȑ‹ğ ͌ AǞ `źŰjļŠʂiŽ AźŶi ŲAh ;h ŴŽj Ȑ ŴjŲ ĵhȍ Ůšh Ł‹ h i Šhi l i h h ğ h Ǎ `ź h h ȑ‹ğ bh ðjĬ‹ Ůž ȼ Ŏ Ű ļ ʂ Ž Ab ŋ ŧ ȱ ŴŽj Ůž j j j j j j ȼŎ Ǎj h ğ ğ m h ûh lm i Šhh ğ h h i ğ `ǽ Ŵj Šɽh žû Œɉ‹ ʼnh žû Ŭ `j? ˌŴj Šɽh žû Œɉ‹ ;h ĵȎ j b= AźŰjļʂŦ Dź j ŤŠɽů‹ h l Ġi h h h ğ h hh ûhh e h i űû ȲhŽjʼnûŽɁ Aźm ŧŬ űû Źi ɉ ŮžjȰ ŴŽj ȑ‹ Ǔj? ŋĻ űɉɁ ͍ ĵŧžjšŗ i h û i ûh h h i ğhh hŠ h ğ l i h h hŠh ğ l i hh ^ĵļjŪů‹ űŹj žŰŠ ĶjļŬ ĵųŰŦ CźŬŌɉ‹ AźĻA;b CźŰŕɉ‹ AźųžjȰ=b û h h h ğ h û h ûh û iûk x h h hh h ğ ʼnğ ő= bû = jĬ‹ jĹžh ŒňŬ Mĵ ȍ‹ `źŒƞ űŹŶjŲ ŨɆŋj Ŧ AJj? h mhh û ğ m hûh h h û hûh h h ûh h h hğ h l i h h qh û h ĵŶȩŋŇ= ƅźɉ ^ĵļjŪů‹ ĵŶžŰŠ ĺĸļŬ űj ɉ ĵŶɅK Aźɉĵũb ô ĹžŒŇ k h x h û Ġ i Šh h ûi h h h Ģh Ŵj ųjh ɉ xǞû Ň iCŋjh Ň˖‹bh Ůžj Űũ ĵžh ȫȐ‹ şɮŲ Ůũ ĶɆ ŋ ˍ p j ũ Ůp Ł= Ǔj? h l i i h e h h h ûi h hğ Ġ Š ȩ‹ űi ȲȡjKʼnû iŽ AźŵźȲĻ ĵųh Ŷh Ȭû Ɂ ͎ ƆžjļŦ `źųi ŰŞȩ ƅbh ǐ x h h h û iû i h i i h i û i ĹŶŏń űŹĸŕj Ļ `˯ ˍpCʼnh žğ ŒŲĠ Fb p ŋi ķ Ǎj űû ļŶŬ źû ɉbh Dźû ųh ɉ‹ l i ih x h k h û iû i h l i i ğ AźɉźŪȬ ĹĴjɀŎ űŹĸŕj Ļ `˯ ðjĬ‹ ʼnj ŶjŠ Ŵjû Ų Āj aŊj Šɪ AźɉźŪȬh mhiĢh h û û k xk i û i h hh ğ ;j ƅİʧ ^ĵ j ųȯ ðjĬ‹ ʼnj ŶjŠ ŴjŲ ȁ Ůũ ô]jʼnŶjŠ ŴjŲ Āj aŊj Šɪ h hû q h hû h i h h h h h mğ ûŴjŲ ū ķĵŔ= ĵŲ ͏ ĵĿŽjʼnńh `źŹi ŪŧȬh `bIĵȲhŽ ƅ _j źû Ūů‹ h h k h h ûğ h h h h mhh ğ h h h h h ôū jŏŧȫ Ŵųj Ŧ pĹĴjɀŎ ŴjŲ ūķĵŔ= ĵŲb ðjĬ‹ Ŵųj Ŧ pĹŶŏń q h ğ Šhhh q ih h û h j ŶŰjğ ɉ ūŠɰh ŰŎh Kû =bh ȡb ô ƅźŎK Mĵ jşśj iŽ ŴŲğ ͐ AʼnžŹj ő jĬĭjķ Ǐ

him—“If only I had been with them, I could have triumphed a great triumph.” 74 Let those who sell the Earlier Life in exchange for the Hereafter combat in the cause of Allah. For whoever combats in the way of Allah, then is killed or overcomes, We will bring him a great reward. 75 And what is the matter with youpl that you do not combat in the way of Allah and for the ones deemed weak and oppressed among men and women and children— those who say, “Our Lord, get us out from this town whose people are unjust, and appoint for us from You a guardian, and appoint for us from You a supporter!”? 76 Those who have attained faith combat in the way of Allah, while those who have denied combat in the way of false masters. So combatpl the allies of Satan; indeed, the plotting of Satan has always been weak. 77 Have yousg not seen those who were told, “Restrain your hands and establish the prayer and bring a the purifying charityb”? But when combat was prescribed for them, a group of them feared mankind as only Allah ought to be feared, or even more. And they said, “Our Lord, why did You prescribe combat for us? If only You would delay it for us for a short while.” Saysg, “The enjoyment of the Earlier (Life) is little, while the Hereafter is better for whoever is mindful (of God), and youc will not be dealt with unjustly by as much as the thread upon a datestone.” 78 Wherever you pl may be, death will overtake you, even if you were in lofty towers. And if any good befalls them, they say, “This is from Allah.” But when any evil befalls them, they say, “This is from you.” Saysg, “All is from Allah.” So what is wrong with these people, that they hardly comprehend any discourse? 79 Whatever good has befallen yousg is from Allah, and whatever evil has befallen you is from your own (inner) self. And We sent you to mankind as a messenger, and sufficient is Allah as a Witness. 80 Whoever obeys the Messenger has surely obeyed Allah, but whoever turns away—then We have not sent you to be a constant preserver over them. 81 And they say “(We pledge) obedience,” but when they leave your  presence, a faction of them conspired something



The Qur’an always uses verb ‘to bring’ rather than verb ‘to give’ in association with charity; this should be pondered by the reader. b The Arabic word used is zakāt, which denotes purification and growth. Qc Ibn Kathir, Hamza, Al Kesa’i, Abu Jaʻfar, Khalaf and Rouh read it as: “. . . and they will not be dealt with unjustly . . .” d Literally ‘plan by night’. a

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h h h û h m h ğ h h hh û hh h i ğ h ğ Sĵ űû Źj žû ŰŠ ūŠɰh ŰŎh Kû = ĵųh ȯ ȠŠ źh Ļ ŴŲh bh ðĬ‹ Ś= ʼnŪȯ ^źŎŋɉ‹ l q h i ihh h ʼnŶjŠ Ŵjû Ų AbLi ŋh hķ AJh ıhŦ xĹŠh ĵŚh `ź h žğ Ȩh ]j ĺ ɉźŪɆb ͑ ĵŞžjŧńh j ğ hû h û iûk x h m h h û h iğ h i ih i ļi Ȳ Ž Ĭ‹b ð ^źŪȩ djȑ‹ Ǟ Ȯ űŹŶjŲ ĹŧjɋĵŚ ð`źļi j žk hȼiŽ ĵŲh Ķ hh h ğ h h û ğ h h h û i û h û û h h e h ğ Š ȡb jôĬ‹ ȇ ȤźĻb űŹŶȭ Pŋj ŠįŦ ͒ Ɔžj ȡb jĬĭjķ Ǐ h h ûh h h h û iû h iğ h h h h hh ğ ûh û jĬ‹ Ǟ ô ;ŋŪů‹ `bŋķʼnļȬ ƆŦ= j Ȯ ʼnj ŶjŠ ŴjŲ `ǽ źɉb `A h l h m h û i q j ĿŬh ĵŧq Š ʄh j ļҋ jŷžjȯ Abʼni Łh źh ɉ Ŵjh Ųk ŋx Ɋû = űû Ÿ;h ĵŁh AJ˯ ͓ ˊǞ h i Jh h= [źû Ƣ‹ h û bh= ŴŲû hƁ‹û i ŋɉ‹ ğ Ǔh ? iabIĠ Kh źû h ɉbh Ājŷķ l AźŠA Ģ ^ź Ǔ˯ Ŏ j j j ðj j j hûh h û i û ih i h û h h ğ i h h h û i û û h û li ƅźɉb ñűŹŶjŲ ÿŷŵźśjĸ˪ļŏȹ ŴŽjȑ‹ ŷųj Űšů űŹŶjŲ ŋj ɊƁ‹ Ƞj b= ğ ğ ğ h i ûh h ğ i û h h û Kh bh űû Ȳ ƅj? Ŵh Šɽh žû Œɉ‹ űi ļi šû ĸh ȩ˔ ÿŷi ļi Ƨ žŰŠ jĬ‹ ŮŘŦ ğ q h h iğ h i ğ h h ûh h Ǎ Ůû j ļŠʂh hŦ ͔ Ɔžj Űũ ȼ Ŏ j ôūŏŧȫ ƅj? ťŰȲĻ ƅ jĬ‹ Ůž j j ûh h ğ i h h i ğ ğ û h ŶŲj İû ųi ɉ‹ Pj ŋk ńh bh h ȑ‹ Mįķ ťȲŽ `= Ĭ‹ ƿh Šh ðǻj ŴŽj j q h Ġ h hh qûh Ġ h h iğ h l i h h ûşŧh Œû h ȹ ŴŲğ ͕ Ɔžj ŭŶĻ ʼnő=b ĵŎįķ ʼnő= Ĭ‹b Abô ŋŧȱ q h Šh h û h û h h h h û k x e h h h ğ i q Ĺšʁő şŧŒȹ ŴŲb ðĵŹŶjŲ Ķžŕj ŵ ÿȔi ŴȲhŽ ĹŶh ŏh ńh Ĺšh Šʁő ğ i k i Šh h i ğ h h h h û k x û q û h ȁ Ĭ‹ `Ȣb ñĵŹŶjŲ ŮŧjŬ ÿȔi ŴȲhŽ ĹĴh j kɀŎh p;ƾ j ȇ h m h l h h ğ h i ki h q Ġ bû = ĵŹh Ŷjû Ų Ŵh ŏh ńû įjķ AźžĠ Ņ Ŧ Ĺp žŅ j ļjķ űļɀjžń AJ˯ ͖ ĵļžŪj Ų k i Šh h h h h ğ ğ m h Ġ i h mh iğ e ńh ;g ƾ û h ȁ ŷh Š ɧj? ƅ Ĭ‹ ͗ ĵĸɀjŏ `ǽ Ĭ‹ `j? ñ ĵŸbIK j ȇ i ğh h û hh h i ğ h Ɇû Kh ƅh jĹųh Šɱh jŪûů‹ _j źû hŽ ǓŠ h ? űû Ȳ ŶšųłȎ ôźŸ ƅj? Ŵû Ųh bh ˍjŷžjȯ Ķ j i h q ğ i h hh h ŪŧŠɰh ųi û ɉ‹ Ǎ űû Ȳ ǻ ů ĵųȯø ͘ ĵĿŽjʼnńh jĬ‹ Ŵjh Ų \ʼnh Ŕû = jj j l h h h i ih lm i h h h i h h ûh iğ h ûhh Ŵû Ųh Abʼni Źû ȩ `= `bʼnɆ ŋj ĻɁ Aźô ĸŏŬ ĵųjķ űŹŏŬK= Ĭ‹b ǻ j ȽĴj Ŧ q h ih h h h h iğ l Ġh û i hh iğ ğ h h AbIb ͙ ƆžjȼŎ ÿȔ ʼnƏ j ŴŰŦ Ĭ‹ Ůjj ŰŘŽ ŴŲb ðĬ‹ Ůŗ= l i ğh h h qmh h h i i h h l i h h h h h i i û h ûh AbŊň j ļȩ ƆŦ ð ;AźŎ `źŵźŭļȯ Abŋŧȱ ĵųŬ `bŋŧȲĻ źɉ lûğhh h ğ l i hi ğ h hmh ûh û iû h Š ń ;ĵȎj b= űŹŶjŲ AźůźĻ `jıŦ jôĬ‹ Ůž j ĵŹȬ Ʋ j j ȼŎ Ǎj AbŋŁ l i ğh hh û i iĠ h h i ûh û i iiû h û i i i h űû Źi Ŷjû Ų AbŊň j ļȩ ƅb ðűŸźųȩʼnŁb Ľžń űŸźŰļȰ‹b űŸbŊňŦ h h h i i e ŕj hŵ ƅh bh ĵkȎq j bh h ȑ‹ğ ƅğ ? ͚ AǞ űû ȲŶh ûɀhķ ˢźû ũ ǓŠ j ? `źŰŕj hŽ ŴŽj j

contrary to what you say, yet Allah records what they conspire. So disregard them and place your trust in Allah, for sufficient is Allah as a Trustee. 82 Do they not ponder the Recitala? For had it been from any other than Allah, they would have found in it much discrepancy. 83 And when a matter of security or fear comes to them, they publicize it. But had they referred it to the Messenger and to those in command among them, those who can draw conclusions from it would have learned it. And were it not for Allah’s blessing and mercy upon youpl, youb would have followed Satan, except for a few. 84 So combatsg in the way of Allah; you are not responsible except for yourself. And urge the believers. Hopefully Allah will restrain the force of those who have denied, and Allah is of more intense force and more tormenting. 85 Whoever intercedes for a good cause shall have a portion of it, and whoever intercedes for an evil cause shall have a share of it. And Allah has always been a Sustainer for everything. 86 And if youpl are greeted with a greeting, then respond with a better one or (at least) return it. Indeed, Allah has always been a Reckoner of everything. 87 Allah—there is no god except He. He will surely gather you pl to the Day of Resurrection about which there is no doubt. And who is truer in discourse than Allah? 88 So what is the matter with you, that you are divided into two groups regarding the hypocrites, when Allah Himself has caused them to regress on account of what they have earned? Do you want to guide those whom Allah has misguided? For whomever Allah misguides, yousg will never find for him any wayc. They would love to see youpl deny just as they 89 themselves have denied, so that you would become equal. So take no allies from them until they emigrate in the way of Allah. But if they turn away, then seize them and kill them wherever you may find them, and do not take from among them any ally or supporter. 90 Except those who are related to a people between youpl and whom is a pledge, or those who come to you with their hearts constrained from combating you or combating their own people. And had Allahwilled, He would have given them authority over you and they would surely have a b c



The Arabic word used is Qur’an which literally means ‘recital’ or ‘recitation’. A grammatical shift from 3rd person to 2nd person. God misguides kinds of people like the treacherous, the evildoers, the oppressors, etc. 60

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h ii i i û i im h ûh f h k ihûhh h j ńh űû ȡb ;ĵŁ b= ŨŠɯžjŲ űŹŶɀɅb `= űû ŸKb ʼnŔ DDz ğ h i ğ h m h ûh h û i h û h l i Šhi ûh û i i Šhi űû Źi śh Űŏh ɉ Ĭ‹ ;ĵő źɉb űô ŹɊźũ AźŰjļʂŽ b= űȡźŰjļʂŽ lû h ûhh û i i Šhi û h h û i i hh û h i i hhh i h h AźŪůɁb űȡźŰjļʂŽ űŰŦ űȡźɉǡȭ‹ `j j ıŦ űô û ȡźŰļh ŠʂŰŦ űû Ȳžû ŰŠ q h h i h iğ h h h h h h h ğ i i ûh ͛ ƆžjȼŎh űû Źj žû ŰŠ űû Ȳů Ĭ‹ ŮšŁ ĵųȯ űŰŏɉ‹ űȲȎj? û û h l i h h i i h h h h i h h űû Źi Ɋh źû ũ AźŶi Ųh įɆh bh űû ȡźŶi Ųh įhŽ `= `bʼnɆ j ļŎ jŋŽ ŴɆjŋŇA; `bʼnł iû i h û h û ğ h h l i û i h û û h l m Ġ i h ğ i űȡźɉǡ j šȬ űů `jıŦ ô ĵŹžjȯ AźŏjŬK= jĹŶļŧj ů‹ Ǔj? AbIK ĵŲ ȁ h l Ġi h ğ i i i h i h l iû űû ŸbŊňŦ űû Źi Ȭjh ʼnûŽɁ Aźm ŧȲɆh bh űh Űŏɉ‹ űi ȲûȎj? Aźm ŪŰɆi bh i h i i û h i i i û i h û űû Ȳů ĵŶh Űšh Łh űû ȲjɌʤĢ bl =bh űô û Ÿźųi ļi ŧjŪľ Ľžû ńh űû ŸźŰļi Ȱ‹bh û h û h û h h q ĸŲĠ ĵŶq Šɽh ûŰŎi űû Źžû hŰŠh ĵŶje ŲİɊi Ůļi ŪȬh `= Ŵjg Ųİųji ɉ `ǽ ĵŲh bh ͜ ĵŶɀ j j h h h q û q h h û hĹŶjŲİû ŲĠ Ĺĸh Ȱh Kh ŋɆ h e h h i h h i ŋŅļȯ ĵnZśŇ ĵŶjŲİɊ ŮļȰ ŴŲbh ô ĵnZśŇ ƅğ j ? p p j h h h h l i ğ ğ h h m ğ m û h Ģh f h ğ h Ġ x h h û ˉg źũ ŴjŲ `ǽ `jıŦ Aźô ũʼn஠`= ƅj? ĀjŷjŰŸ= Ǔj? ĹųŰŏŲ ĹŽjIb h i û hh x û i hih û i ğ k i h h h û `ǽ `˯ ˌpĹŶjh ŲİŲĠ pĹĸh ȰKh ŋɆ ŋj Ņļȯ ŴjŲİɊ źŸb űȲů bʼnŠ hû h f h ğ h Ġ x h h x h k i h û h h û i h û h û h p Ģ j ? ĹųŰŏŲ ĹŽjʼnŦ ŨŠɯžjŲ űŹŶɀɅb űȲŶɀķ ˢźũ ŴjŲ ĀjŷjŰŸ= Ǔ h i h h û h û ğ h h h û Ġ hhh i ûh h žŕj Ŧ ʼnƒ Ŵj Ɇû ŋh Źû ő _ĵ j űů Ŵųȯ ˌpĹŶjŲİŲ pĹĸȰK ŋɆjŋƕb q ŭńh ĵųžj i ğ `h Ȣh bh jĬğ ‹ Ŵjh Ųk Ĺq Ʌh źû hĻ ǻû šh ķĵļh ļh Ųi e ŰŠh Ĭ‹ ŴŲh bh ͝ ĵųžj ñ j j m h h i h Ŧ Aʼnq ųk šh ļh ŲĠ ĵŶjq Ųİû Ɋi Ůû ļi Ūû Ȭh h Ř h ȯ AȒq j Š ɗh űi Ŷğ Źh Łh ÿia>AŌh ł Ķ j ţbh ĵŹžj j h h h h h h h h q Şj Š ĵeķAŊŠ ÿȔi ʼnğ Š=bh ÿŷi Ŷh šh hůbh jŷžû hŰŠh Ĭ iğ ‹ Ģ ͞ ĵųž ĵŹh ȬĠ ɂʑ l i ih hh l iğhhh ğ h Ǎ űû ļi Ʌû ǰ h ȑ‹ğ h h AJh ? l Aźm Ŷi ŲAh ;h ŴŽj AźɉźŪȩ ƅb AźŶžȼļȯ jĬ‹ Ůž ȼ Ŏ j j j j h h h h i h û h q û i h û h h Šh ğ i i û h Ģ h û h û h PŋŠ `źŤļȼĻ ĵŶjŲİɊ ĺŏɉ űʄŏɉ‹ űȲȎj? ǐůɁ Ŵųj ɉ h h h ğ h h ûĠ i Ŭi ūjh ɉŠɶh Ŭh x CǞ hû ŴjŲk űļŶ ô h j ĿŬ űji ŵĵŤŲ jĬ‹ ʼnŶjšŦ ĵžh ȫȐ‹ j CźŠ žh ơ‹ h i h h h hğ ğ lm iğhhh û i ûh h iğ ğ h h iûh `j? Aźô Ŷžȼļȯ űȲžŰŠ Ĭ‹ Ŵųȯ ŮĸȰ `źŰųh šû ȩ ĵųh j ķ `ǽ Ĭ‹ il i û h h û i û h h i h û ğ q ĸŇh Ƞj b= ǞȮ ǻj ŶŲj İųɉ‹ ŴjŲ `bʼnšj Šʂů‹ djźļh ŏû h ȹ ƅ ͟ ˊǞ j h h û i h i Šh i h h ğ ğ h űô û Źj jŏŧŵ=bh űû Źj j ɉŠʆh Ųû įjķ jĬ‹ Ůž j j ȼŎ Ǎj `bʼnŹj ɲųɉ‹b jKǴɉ‹ hh û i hh û h ûh h h ųi û ɉ‹ Ĭ‹ i ğ Ůh Řğ hŦ h ʼnšj Šʂh ûů‹ ȇ űŹj jŏŧŵ=b űŹj j ɉŠʆŲįjķ ŴŽjʼnŹj Šɲ ŴŽj

combated you. So if they withdraw from youpl and combat not against you and offer you peace, then Allah has opened no way for you against them. 91 Youpl will find others who want to be secure from you and secure from their own people—whenever they are turned back to temptation, they are made to regress in it. So if they do not withdraw from you and offer you peace and restrain their hands, then seize them and kill them wherever you find them. And those ones—We have given you, regarding them, an evident authorization. 92 But never should a believer kill another believer, unless accidentally. Yet anyone who accidentally kills a believer, then the (atonement is the) emancipation of a believing slavea and a compensation submitted to his family, unless they donateb (it). But if he was from a people who are an enemy to youpl, yet he is a believer, then the emancipation of a believing slave. And if he was from a people between you and whom there is a pledge, then a compensation submitted to his family and the emancipation of a believing slave. And (for) anyone who lacks the means—then the fasting of two consecutive months as a repentance to Allah. And Allah has always been All-Knowing, AllWise. 93 But whoever kills a believer intentionally— then his repayment is Hell, abiding therein, and upon him is Allah’s wrath and He has cursed him and has prepared for him a great punishment. 94 O you who have attained faith, when you travel (to strive) in the way of Allah, then you shall investigatec. And do not say to anyone who offers youd peacee, “You are not a believerf,” aspiring for the goods of the Earlier Life, for with Allah is a multitude of gainsg. You yourselves were like this before, then Allah bestowed favor upon you, so ascertain (the truth). Indeed, Allah has always been All-Aware of what you do. 95 Those of the believers who, though noth disabled, stay behind, are not equal to those who strive in the way of Allah with their wealths

Literally ‘a neck’.  Unless they waive it as charity. Qc  Hamza, Al Kesa’i and Khalaf read it as: “. . . then you shall ascertain (the truth).” d This means greeting with the salutation of peace by saying: ‘Peace be upon you.’ Qe Nafieʻ, Ibn ʻAmer, Hamza, Abu Jaʻfar and Khalaf read it as: “And do not say to anyone who offers to surrender to you, “You are not . . .” Qf Ibn Wardan read it as: “You are not granted security . . .” g The same word, maghanem, is used for ‘spoils of war’. Qh All except for Ibn Kathir, Abu ʻAmr, ʻAsem, Hamza and Yaʻqub read it as: “Those of the believers—except for the disabled—who stay behind are . . .” a

b

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kq i h q h h h h ųi û ɉ‹ Ĭ‹ h ŏû ơ‹ i ğ Ůh Řğ hŦbh ƴ i ğ ‹ ʼnh Šh bh ȥ h ʼnŹŠɲ iû Ĭ Š ŴŽj b ô ĹŁKI ˏ j h hû hh q û h hh û h q h Cŋh jŧŤŲh bh ŷi Ŷjû Ųk ĺ p Š ɕKI ͠ ĵųžŞj Š Aŋe Ł= ŴŽjʼnjšŠʂů‹ ȇ ğ h h ğ ğ h û Kh bh q ŧi Ȯh Ĭ i ğ ‹ `h Ȣh bh ô Ĺq Ƨ e ńKğ ˊKź űi Źi Š ƋŦźh Ļ ŴŽj ȑ‹ `j? ͡ ĵųžj i l i h i i h l i h û i h h Ģh hû m j ɉĵŝh Ĺi ŭjɌˁ ųɉ‹ ĵŶğ Ŭ Aźɉĵũ ðűû ļŶ Ŭ űžjȯ Aźɉĵũ űŹj jŏŧŵ= ǖj hû q h Šh ğ i h û i h ûhh lmi h h h û h û i ĹšjŎɩ jĬ‹ P˱= ŴȲĻ űɉɁ Aźɉĵũ P˱ ˏ j Ɓ‹ Ǎj ǻjŧšŘļŏɊ û h m h h i ğ h h û iŠ hû h h Ģh l ih h l i h i h e ŕj Ɋh D AǞ ;ĵŎb ðűŶŹŁ űŹƊbįŲ ūjɌʤbįŦ ô ĵŹžjȯ AbŋŁ j ĵŹļȯ h hû û m k h k Ŵjh Ų ǻ h ŧšh Řû ļh ŏû ųi û ɉ‹ ƅğ ? ͢ ƅ `j Š ɵůjźɉ‹bh ;j ĵŏh j ȿů‹bh ^ĵ j j j Łŋɉ‹ j i q h h ihûh hh qh h i h ûh h Ģhl h ūjɌʤbįŦ ͣ ƆžjȼŎ `bʼnļŹȬ ƅb ĹŰžjń `źšžśj ļŏȹ q ŧi Ȯh Aźĝ ŧi ȭh Ĭ‹ i ğ `h Ȣh bh űû Źi Ŷû ȭh źh ŧi šû Ȭh `h= Ĭ‹ i ğ ƿh Šh ͤ ˊKź ô hû h h ğ h h û ĵŹh Ȭi ŴŲh bø j Ɓ‹ Ǎj ʼnû ƒ ĵųq ţŠɷh Ųi P˱ j j jĬ‹ Ůž j j ȼŎ Ǎj ŋŁ ğ h û iûh hh qh h h q h ûh hi jĬ‹ Ǔj? Aŋe Ł j ĵŹɊ Ājŷjļɀķ Ŵü Ųj Fŋƞ ŴŲb ô ĹšŎb ˊǞjĿŬ ğ hh û h h û h h i û i û û i i j Ŏi Kh bh ñjĬ‹ ȇ ÿiaŋi Ł= şh Ȱbh ʼnŪȯ Dźû ųh ɉ‹ ŷȡjKʼnŽ űğ Ȫ ĀjȔź hû h q ńKğ ˊKź q ŧi Ȯh Ĭ‹ i ğ `h Ȣh bh h h AJ˯ j Ɓ‹ Ǎj űû ļi Ʌû ǰ P˱ ͥ ĵųžj û Šh ğ h l i i ûh h f h i û i ûh h h ûhh `j? j CźŰŕɉ‹ ŴjŲ AbDzŪȩ `= GĵŶŁ űȲžŰŠ ōɀŰŦ l i h h Šh û ğ lm i h h h ğ i i h ûh h û i û Aźŵǽ ŴɆŋj ŧj ʃů‹ `j? Abô ŋŧȱ ŴŽjȑ‹ űȲŶjļŧȬ `= űļŧjŇ h h û hhh û h i h q ĸŲĠ ˊbkq ʼni Šh űû Ȳ h Ŭi AJ˯ ů űi Źi ɉ ĺ ųȰįŦ űŹj žjȯ ĺŶ ͦ ĵŶɀ j û h h h û l i i û h h ğ ûk x h m h ihûh h h ğ ðűû Źi ļŅj ŰŎ= Abm ŊŇįhȎbh ūšŲ űŹi ŶjŲ ĹŧjɋĵŚ űû ŪļŰŦ CźŠ Űŕɉ‹ û û l i i ûh l h h h fh m i m Ĺŧj ɋĵŚh D j įhȋbh űû ȲjɋAKh bh ŴjŲ Aźŵźŭžh ŰŦ Abʼni łŎh AJjıŦ l Ġ ûh l Ġ h Š h û i i û l i i û û h űû ŸKh Ŋjń AbŊŇįhȎbh ūšh Ųh AźŰŕh ži ŰŦ AźŰŕh iŽ űû ɉ c ŋŇ= h ğ l h i hh h h iûh h ȑ‹ Iğ bh ñűû Źi ļh Ņjh ŰŎû =bh Ŵû ȭ `źŰŧŤȩ źû ɉ Abŋi ŧȱ ŴŽj qh ğ i h h h i h i h ûh i h ûh qh ô CʼnjńŠɩh ĹŰžû Ų űȲžû ŰŠ `źŰžųj žh ȯ űû ȲjļšjļŲ=bh űû ȲjļŅj ŰŎ= h qh i h h i hh h hi hh ŶŁ ƅb bû = ŋg śh Ųğ ŴjŲk cJ= űû Ȳjķ `ǽ `j? űû Ȳžû ŰŠ Gĵ h h l l i û h i ğ h h i i i Ŭi Ģ ŋû Ųğ űļŶ `j? ñűû ȡKh Ŋjń AbŊŇbh ðűû Ȳļh Ņjh ŰŎû = Aźm ši ŘĻ `= ǂ h û ğ h h hğ h h ğ iiû h h h h q ŹɊĠ ĵķAq Ŋh Šh ŴɆ h ŋŧj Š ʃ CźŠ Űŕɉ‹ Űj ɉ ʼnŠ= Ĭ‹ űļžŘũ AJjıŦ ͧ ĵŶž j j

and their livesa. Allah has favored those who strive with their wealths and their lives above those who stay behind with a degree (of rank). But Allah has promised goodness to both. Yet Allah has favored those who strive over those who stay behind with a great reward: 96 (high) degrees (of rank) from Him, and forgiveness and mercy, for Allah has always been Oft-Forgiving, Bestowing of mercy. 97 Indeed, (regarding) those whom the angels took up at death while they were unjust to themselves, theyb said, “What was the matter with you?” They said, “We were deemed weak and oppressed in the land.” They said, “Was Allah’s earth not vast enough for you to emigrate therein?” So those—their shelter is Hell, and what an evil destiny! 98 Except for those deemed weak and oppressed among men and women and children who cannot devise any plan and are not guided to any way, 99 for those— hopefully Allah will pardon them, for Allah has always been Pardoning, Oft-Forgiving. 100 Thus anyone who emigrates in the way of Allah will find on earth many places of refuge and abundance. And anyone who sets out from his house, emigrating to Allah and His Messenger, and is then overtaken by death, then his reward is incumbent on Allah. And Allah has always been Oft-Forgiving, Bestowing of mercy. 101 And when youpl travel in the land, you commit no sin by shortening the prayers if you fear that the deniers may harm you; indeed, the deniers have always been an evident enemy to you. 102 And when yousg are among them and you call them to prayer, let a faction of them stand with you and let them hold their weapons. Then when they have done their prostrations, let them be behind youpl and let another faction that has not prayed yet come forward and pray with yousg, and let them take their precautions and their weapons. Those who denied would love that youpl become oblivious to your weapons and your belongings so they can assault you in a single assault. And no sin is committed by you—if you are hurt by rain or are sick—by putting down your weapons, but take precautions. Indeed, Allah has prepared for the deniers a demeaning punishment. 103 So when youpl have concluded the prayer, then remember Allah, standing and sitting and on your sides. Thereafter, when you feel secure, a b



Literally ‘selves’. The angels. 62

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q i i h qŠh hğ l i i û h i Š h h bh AIź űô û ȲjɅźŶi Łi ȇ šȰb ĵųɱj ũ Ĭ‹ AbŋŬJĭŦ h ğ h h ğ l i hh ûi hûh û ğ û hŵǽh hCźŠ Űŕɉ‹ ĺ `j? ô CźŠ Űŕɉ‹ AźųžjȰįŦ űļȿŵɂųŚ‹ h û l m h h q i h h h û iû ŶŲj İųɉ‹ `j? ˌ_j źû Ūů‹ j;ĵŤjļûķ‹ Ǎj AźŶi Źj Ļ ƅbh ͨ ĵĻźũźû Ųğ ĵĸq ŠɮjŬ ǻj û û û l h h h h ğ h h h h h h h h i i h Ŵjh Ų `źŁi ŋû Ļbh ð`źųi ɉɂĻ ĵųh Ŭ `źųi ɉɂhŽ űû Źi ȫjıŦ `źųi ɉɂĻ AźŵźȲĻ mhûh h mğ h i ûh h h ğ i ğ `h Ȣh bh ñ`ź e ŭńh ĵųžj e ŰŠh Ĭ‹ ŁŋŽ ƅ ĵŲ jĬ‹ ĵȍŌŵ= ĵȫj? ͩ ĵųžj h û m h h ûh i û h kh h û Ȩh űh Ȳ h Šɮjh ŭûů‹ ū j ğȍ‹ ǻ ūŠƊKh = ĵųh j ķ Mĵ Ņ jȋ Ũj ơĭjķ Ķ Ȏj? û û h ğ hğ h ûk i h hh iğ h Ŷɋmĵň q ŕŇh ǻj ŋj jŧŤļh Ŏ‹ `j? ðĬ‹ b ͪ ĵųž j j Űj ů ŴȲĻ ƅb ôĬ‹ h iĻ ƅh bh ͫ ĵųžj q ńKğ ˊKź hğ q ŧi Ȯh `h ǽh Ĭ‹ h ȑ‹ğ ŴŠh ^jû ʼnŠɲ ŴŽj j i h h i hûh q Ȫh= ĵeŵAźğ Ňh `h ǽh ŴŲh ĶjĠ Ƙi ƅh Ĭ‹ h ğ `ğ ? űû Źi ŏh ŧŵ ĵųžj = `źŵĵļƞ ô j h h iû h iû i ğ j ğȍ‹ Ŵjh Ų `źŧňļh ŏû h ȹ ͬ źh Ÿbh jĬ‹ Ŵjh Ų `źŧňļh ŏû h ȹ ƅbh Mĵ h ikhi û û i h h i ğ `h Ȣh bh ^źû Ūh ûů‹ Ŵjh Ų ǂ Š h ŋû hŽ ƅh ĵŲh `ź ĵųh j ķ Ĭ‹ ļjžȼŽ Jj? űŹšŲ ˏj h h û m h ihûh h iĢh ûi Ģh e Ƥi `ź ŰųšȬ űļŵįʧ ͭ ĵśžj Ǎj űû Źi Ŷû ȭ űû iȋʼnh Š ɕh j;ƅİʧ h û i h hğ h iŽ Ŵųh ȯh ĵžh ȫû Ȑ‹ Ġ j CźŠ žh ơ‹ hû ^jʼnŠɲ ŴŲğ _= jĹųh Šɱh jŪů‹ _h źû hŽ űû Źi Ŷû ȭ Ĭ‹ q h û ûh h i i h ûűj ŰŞû Ȭh bû h= A;e źm Ŏi Ůû ųh šû Ȭh ŴŲh bh ͮ Ɔžj ȡb űŹj žŰŠ `źȲŽ h h q ńKğ ˊKź h ğ ʼnj ƒ Ĭ‹ h ğ ŋŧj Ťû ļh ŏû h ȹ űğ Ȫi ÿŷi ŏh ŧû ȫh q ŧi Ȯ Ĭ‹ ŴŲh bh ͯ ĵųžj j j h h h û h h û û h û jŏȲ i ğ `Ȣbh Ājŷ jŏŧȫ ȇ Š ÿŷi ĸi jŏȲhŽ ĵųh ȫğ j ıhŦ ĵųq ûľj? Ķ Ĭ‹ Ž ô h i û e h û û h hh q ŭńh ĵųžj e ŰŠh _j ŋû hŽ űğ Ȫ ĵųq ľj? bû = ĹnZh mžśj Ň Ķ jŏȲŽ ŴŲb Ͱ ĵųžj i û h h h q ĸŲĠ ĵųq ûľ˯ ĵŶq Šɮh Źû Ȩi Ůh ųh ļh ń‹ û ʼnŪh ȯh ĵnZq mɆŋhķ Ājŷķ ŮŘŦ ƅźû ɉbh ͱ ĵŶɀ j j j j h h ûh h ğ h û Kh bh ū h ŰĠ ŘiŽ `= űû Źi Ŷjû Ųk xĹŧh ɋmĵŚğ ĺųğ Źh h ɉ ÿŷi ļi Ƨ hĵŲbh ]ź žŰŠ jĬ‹ j j h h ğ h m h Ġ i h h Ġ i h hh û i h i i ğ ‹ ^Ōŵ h =bh ˏ p;ƾ û h ŴjŲ ū Ĭ ŵbǴŽ ĵŲb ðűŹŏŧŵ= ƅj? `źŰŘ j Ž hi û h i h û h h h h ğ h h h h û û h h h û h û h h űô Űšȩ ŴȲĻ űɉ ĵŲ ūųŰŠb Ĺųŭj ơ‹b ĶŠɮjŭů‹ ūžŰŠ ğ h h ûh h ğ i û h h hh q Şj Šh ū h û Ňh ƅø Ǟ Ŀ Ŭ Ǎ Ǟ Ͳ ĵ ųž žŰŠ jĬ‹ ŮŘŦ `Ȣb j j p h h hŠ û û h h û h û h h h û h ğ û i ûğ k ˞ʄŔj? b= [b g ŋi šŲ b= Ĺg ũʼnŕjķ ŋh Ɋ= ŴŲ ƅj? űŹŠƊźh Ƒ ŴjŲ ğ h h mh û h h ûh û h ğ hûh jĬ‹ Dĵ j ŗŋû Ɋ ;h ĵŤjļķ‹ ūj ɉŠə ŮšŧȬh ŴŲbh Mĵ ˏ j ȍ‹ ǻȨ h h AJjıŦ hh ȇ

establish the prayer. Indeed, the prayer has been prescribed upon believers at specific times. 104 And do not waver pl in the pursuit of the peoplea; if you suffer pain, they suffer pain as you suffer pain, but you expect from Allah what they do not expect. And Allah has always been All-Knowing, AllWise. 105 Indeed, We have sent down to yousg the Scripture with the truth, to judge between mankind in accordance with what Allah has shown you. And do not be an advocate for the treacherous. 106 And ask sg Allah for forgiveness; indeed, Allah has always been Oft-Forgiving, Bestowing of mercy. 107 And dosg not argue on behalf of those who betray themselves. Indeed, Allah does not love whoever has been consistently treacherous, sinful. 108 They seek to hide from mankind, but they do not seek to hide from Allahb, and He is with them when they conspirec, (using) what He does not accept of speech. And Allah has always been All-Encompassing of what they do. 109 There youpl are, having argued on their behalf in the Earlier Life, but who will argue with Allah on their behalf on the Day of Resurrection? Or who will be their trustee? 110 Yet whoever commits evil or does injustice to himself then asks Allah for forgiveness will find Allah OftForgiving, Bestowing of mercy. 111 And whoever earns a sin—he only earns it to his own detriment, for Allah has always been All-Knowing, All-Wise. And whoever earns an offense or a sin then 112 blames it on an innocent person, then he has surely burdened himself with perjury and evident sin. 113 And were it not for Allah’s grace towards yousg, and His mercy, a faction of them would have sought to lead you astray. But they lead no one astray except themselves, and they cannot harm you in any way. And Allah has sent down to you the Scripture and wisdom, and has taught you what you did not know. And Allah’s grace towards you has always been great. 114 There is no good in much of their private conversations, except for one who commands to (even a single) donation or to what is fair or to reconciliation between people. And whoever does that, seeking Allah’s pleasure, then Wed will bringe  But whoever opposes the him a great reward. 115



The enemy. They feel ashamed so they seek to hide their sins from people, but they do not feel ashamed in front of Allah. c Literally ‘plan by night’. d A grammatical shift from 3rd person to 1st person. Qe Abu ʻAmr, Hamza and Khalaf read it as: “. . . then He will bring him . . .” (In this case there is no grammatical shift.) a

b

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h ğ h q Şj Šh Aŋe Łû h= jŷžjȩİû iŵ [h źû ŏh hŦ Ŵü Ųj ^źŎi ŋɉ‹ Ũjj ũĵŒiȹ ŴŲh bh ͳ ĵųž k i h û iû h ğ hȼhĻ ĵŲh ʼnj šû Ȩh h Ǟ h û Ȯh şû ĸȽğ Ɇh bh c Š ʼnh Źi û ɉ‹ Ȕi h ǻ ĀjȔj źh ŵ ǻj ŶŲj İųɉ‹ Ůž ȼ Ŏ j j j h hğ ğ i ğ h û hm h h hğh h e ŕj Ɋh D `j? ʹ AǞ ;ĵŎb ðűŶŹŁ ĀjŷjŰŕû ŵbh ȠŠ źh Ļ ĵŲh ƅ Ĭ‹ h m h û h h h i h û i ȹ `= ŋi jŧŤû Ȭh ŴŲh bh ô ;i ĵŒhȹ Ŵųjh ɉ ūj ɉŠə `bI ĵŲh ŋi jŧŤɆh bh Ājŷjķ ]h Ǭ h ğ û ûi e šhķ Ɔü h Š ʄh ŗh Ůğ ŗh ʼnû Ūh ȯh jĬĭ ŴjŲ `źŠi ʼnû hŽ `j? ͵ Aʼnž j j ķ ]Ǭ j ȹ ğ ğ ğ m h h q h q i ŷi Ŷh šh ů Ͷ AʼnɆŋj Ųğ ĵŶq Šɽh žû ő ƅj? `źŠi ʼnû hŽ `˯ ĵĿŠɓj? ƅj? mĀjŷjŵbI q û q h h h û ğ h ğ h h h h h òi ğ ͷ ĵŗbŋi ŧŲğ ĵĸž ŕj ŵ ]jIĵĸjŠ ŴjŲ `ŊjƛƁ ^ĵũb Ĭ‹ hh ğ i h û iğhk hi hh û iğğ i hh h h i `AJA;h Ŵğ Ȳjļk hȼži ŰŦ űû Źi ȫŋh Ɋ˗ b űŹŶɀj ŶŲƁb űŹŶŰŗ j Ɓb ğ h û h ğ ik h ih h û i ğ h i h Šh ûh û ğ h Ŋj ň j ļȬh ŴŲbh jôĬ‹ ŨŰŇ `Ǟ j ŤžŰŦ űŹȫŋɊ˗b űj ɿŵƁ‹ ğ i k q h h hû ğ q ĸŲĠ ĵŵAq Ǫ h û Ňi Ǫ h j Ňh ʼnû Ūh ȯh jĬ‹ `b ͸ ĵŶɀ j I ŴjŲ ĵkȎj b ŴŠɽžŒɉ‹ j ğ i i i h hh û khih û i i h e ŋi ţi ƅğ ? Ŵi Šɽh žû Œɉ‹ ͹ AKb űŸʼnjšŽ ĵŲb ðűŹj žj ŶųɆb űŸʼnjšŽ j h i h h h i ğ h h û iŠ hû h h Ģh l i q Ƥh ĵŹh Ŷû ȭh `b ʼnƒ ͺ ĵŕžj j ƅb űŶŹŁ űŹƊbįŲ ūjɌʤb= i ğh û i ûi h h ğ l i h l ih h ȑ‹ğ bh ĺ j Šɳj ۊɻů‹ AźŰųj Šbh AźŶŲA;h ŴŽj p ŠɰŁ űŹŰjŇʼnŶŎ ĺ kq h ğ h û h q h h m h h Š h i Š h û h û h û h ûh ô ĵŪń jĬ‹ ʼnŠb ðˑʼnķɁ ĵŹžjȯ ŴŽjȒj ɗ ŋʇŵƁ‹ ĵŹjļƕ ŴjŲ djŋƏ q mhh û i k hh h ûğ i h ğ ƅb űȲjžjȫĵŲįjķ ōɀů ͻ ƆžjȰ jĬ‹ Ŵjh Ų \ʼnh Ŕû = Ŵû Ųh bh h hh h h hh h ûƒi ˊ;q źm Ŏi Ůû ųh šû Ȭh ŴŲh ĶŠɮjh ŭûů‹ ŮŸû = ƭĵ k ÿȔi ʼnû ƒ Āj ŷ ķ Ō ƅ b ˍj j j j j j Ų= û ğ i q ŕj hŵ ƅh bh ĵȎ kq j bh jĬ‹ Ŵjh Ų Ůųh šû Ȭh ŴŲh bh ͼ ˊǞ `b j I ŴjŲ û h h ih i Šh i ûh h h h ğ ūjɌʤĢ bl įŦ Ŵjx ŲİɊi źh Ÿbh Ƴŵ = b= ŋg ŬJ ŴjŲ ĺ j Šɳj ۊɻů‹ h h i h û i h h h ğ hû h i i û h q jŪhŵ `ź ųŰŞȬ ƅb ĹŶƠ‹ `źŰŇʼnŽ ĵŶŽjq I Ŵi ŏh ńû = Ŵû Ųh bh ͽ ˊǞ ğ ûi hih ğ ih û h hh ûh û ğ k x Ƥ h ŸŠɷh ûķ? Ĺh ŰjɊ şh ĸh ȩ‹ğ bh Ŵjŏ űžj źŸb jĬj ÿŷŹŁb űŰŎ= ŴųjɊ j q ğ h h Šh û i ğ h h ğ h q h Ǎj ĵŲh jĬj bh ; Ɔžj ŰŇ űžj Ÿɷķj? Ĭ‹ Ŋƛ‹b ñĵŧžj Ŷń hû h q Ġ û h ki ğ h h h h h ğ i ĵśžjƤ p;ƾ Ůj Ȳjķ Ĭ‹ `Ȣb P˱ j Š ʆŠʅŏɉ‹ ˏ j Ɓ‹ Ǎj ĵŲbh D i m k û iğ h h û i ĵŲh bh Ŵğ Źj žjȯ űû ȲžjļŧȬi Ĭ‹ Ůj ũ ˌ;j ĵŏh j ȿů‹ Ǎj ūŵźļi ŧļh ŏû h ȹbh Ϳ h ğ m k h h û û i û h h Š h ļû Ȭi ƅ Ʋj Š ɧ‹ j;ĵŏh j ȿů‹ ǖh ŠɮhŽ Ǎj Ķ j Šɮjŭů‹ Ǎj űȲžŰŠ ǔ

Messenger after guidance has become evident to him and follows other than the way of the believers, We will turn him towards what he has turned to and roast him in Hell—and what an evil destiny! 116 Indeed, Allah does not forgive associating (any partners) with Him, yet He forgives anything less than that for whomever He wills. And whoever associates (others) with Allah, then he has surely strayed into extreme misguidance. 117 They call upon, instead of Him, only females. (In fact) they call upon nothing but a defiant Satan— 118 Allah has cursed him. And he said, “I will most surely take to myself a due share of Your servants.” 119 “And I will most surely lead them astray and fill them with fancies, and I will most surely command them so they will most surely slit the ears of cattle, and most surely I will command them so they will most surely alter the creation of Allah.” Thus, whoever takes Satan for a guardian apart from Allah has truly lost an evident loss. 120 He promises them and fills them with fancies, but Satan promises them nothing but a deception. 121 Those—their shelter is Hell, and they find no escape from it. 122 But those who have attained faith and have done righteous deeds—We will enter them into Gardens beneath which rivers flow, abiding therein forever; the promise of Allaha is true, and whose word is more truthful than Allah? 123 It is not according to your fancies, nor to the fancies of the People of the Scripture. Whoever does evil will be repaid for it and will not find for himself apart from Allah any ally or supporter. 124 But whoever does of righteous deeds, whether male or female, and is a believer— thoseb will enterc the Garden (of Paradise) and will not be dealt with unjustly by as much as the dint on a date-stone. 125 And who could be better in religion than one who submitted his countenance to Allah, while excelling in doing good, and followed the creed of Abraham who turned away from all that is false. For Allah took Abraham for a close friend. And to Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens 126 and whatever is in the earth, and Allah has always been All-Encompassing of everything. 127 They ask you for a ruling about women. Say, “Allah gives you a ruling about them, and (so does) what is read to you



A grammatical shift from 1st person to 3rd person. A grammatical shift from singular to plural. Qc Ibn Kathir, Abu ʻAmr, Shuʻba, Abu Jaʻfar and Rouh read it as: “. . . those will be entered into the Garden . . .” a

b

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i i h h h i h ûh h ğ ih h i h ğ i h i ûi Ŵğ ŸźŅj ŭŶĻ `= `źĸȮŋĻb ŴŹɉ ĶjļŬ ĵŲ ŴŹȫźĻİĻ û û l i ih hh h û û h h h û h û iû h Š h Šɮh žh Űj ɉ AźɊź ˏ j ŏû jŪůĭjķ ǖ ř Ūȩ `=b `j Š ɵůjźɉ‹ ŴjŲ ǻjŧšŘļŏųɉ‹b h h hğ ğ h û h û l ih ûh hh q h `˯ j ΀ ĵųžj ŰŠ Ājŷjķ `ǽ Ĭ‹ `jıŦ Ǟ p Ň ŴjŲ AźŰšŧȩ h ĵŲb h h i q hû û e i h ûh ü û h h f hû h Ŷh Łi ƆhŦ ĵŗA Gĵ ŋŠj? b= ALźŒȸ ĵŹj ŰšȨ ŴŲj ĺŦĵŇ C=ŋɊ‹ û Ġ bh ĵŅq ûŰŔi ĵųh Źi Ŷh ûɀhķ ĵŅjh Űŕû iŽ `h= m ĵųh Źžû hŰŠh xñ Ǟû Ňh Ńi Űŕɉ‹ ô j h û i l l h Ġ ğ i û i=bh h ğ `ıŦ AźŪi ļğ ȩh bh AźŶi jŏûƕ `˯ Ńğ Œɉ‹ ōi ŧŵ h Ĭ‹ Ǵ ń Ɓ‹ D j j ô j l i û h h lm i h ûh h h i h h q ĸŇh `źŰųh šû ȩ ĵųh ķ `h ǽh Aźɉjʼnšȩ `= Aźšžśj ļŏȶ Ŵůb ΁ ˊǞ j j h i h h h û hû ği l i h h h û i û h h ûh h j m h k h ûh ĵŸbKŊļȯ Ůj žųɉ‹ ȁ AźŰžųj Ļ ƆŦ ðűļŔŋń źɉb ;ĵŏjȿů‹ ǻȨ h ğ `ğ ıhŦ l AźŪi ļğ ȩh bh l AźŅji Űŕû iĻ `˯ ˏjĹŪh Űğ šh ųi û ɉĭŬh q ŧi Ȯh `h ǽh Ĭ‹ ˊKź j kq i i ğ û h h h hh k h q ńKğ h `Ȣb ĀjôŷjļšŎ ŴjŲ ȃ Ĭ‹ Ŵj ŤȬi ĵũŋğ ŧļh Ȭh `˯ ΂ ĵųžj h h ğ Ǎ ĵŲh jĬğ j bh ΃ ĵųžj q ŭńh ĵšje ŎŠɩh Ĭ‹ iğ Ǎj ĵŲh bh D j Š ʆŠʅŏɉ‹ j hû h i h Šɮjh ŭûů‹ l AźiĻbi= ŴŽj h ȑ‹ğ ĵŶh žû Ŕğ bh ʼnû Ūh hůbh P˱ űû Ȳj Űĸû Ȱ ŴjŲ Ķ ˍ j Ɓ‹ ğ ğ h l iû h i ğ h ğ l AźŪi ȩ‹ğ `h= űû ȱĵ Ǎj ĵŲh jĬj `jıŦ Abŋi ŧȲĻ `˯ ôĬ‹ Ž˯ j h û h h q h ğ h h h ğ i ğ `h Ȣbh P˱ jĬj bh ΄ AʼnžjƧ ĵžjĝ Ŷţ Ĭ‹ j Š ʆŠʅŏɉ‹ ˏ j Ɓ‹ Ǎj ĵŲbh D hû e ğ Šhhh h h ğ Ǎ ĵŲh jˏ Ɓ‹ Ǎj ĵŲh bh D ȡb P˱ `j? ΅ Ɔžj ȡbh jĬĭjķ Ǐ j Š ʆŠʅŏɉ‹ j ûh i û hh h hŠ h i ğ h h h h h û i û ȇ Ĭ‹ `Ȣb ôŴɆŋj Ň˲ D j įɆbh Mĵğȍ‹ ĵŹh ȬĠ Ɂ űû ȲĸjŸŊiŽ įŒȹ ğ h h hûĠ h hh i i h h ğ q ʼnhũ ūjh ɉŠəh jĬ‹ ʼnŶ jšŦ ĵžȫȐ‹ BAźľ ʼnɆŋj Ž `ǽ ŴŲ Ά ˊŋŽj h ųŎh Ĭ‹ Ġ BA q ŕj hķ ˋüšž i ğ `h Ȣh bh j Cŋjh Ň˖‹bh ĵžh ȫû Ȑ‹ i źh hľ · ˊǞ j ˏ û h ğh l i i l i h h h ğ h Ġh h ğ m i Ģ ŲŠʆũ AźŵźŬ AźŶŲA; ŴŽjȑ‹ ĵŹȬɂʑø jĬj ;h Aʼnh Źh ő řj ŏû jŪůĭjķ ǻj h û h ûh hû h û i h i i h Ģhh ûh h h Ʌŋh ûũƁ‹ Š ĵžjĝ Ŷţ Ŵû ȲhŽ `j? ôǻ b = ű Ȳ ŧŵ = ȇ źɉb b Ŵ Ž Ȑ j ʆ ů‹ jŏ j j j h ûh iğ h q h ûh l i û h h Ģ h hû l i ğh hh h Aźô ɉjʼnšȩ `= cźŹɉ‹ AźšjĸȽĻ ƆŦ ðĵųŹj j ķ ȠŠ b= ĬĭŦ ˊǞjŪŦ b= h i h û h h h h hğ ğ h l i û i ûh lmiûh qˊǞĸŇh `ź Űųšȩ ĵųjķ `ǽ Ĭ‹ `jıŦ Aźŗŋj šȩ b= AÿźŰĻ `˯ j û ğ l i h lm i h h h ğ h ĠhĢ h h h i h h Š j Ķ j ɮjŭů‹b ĀjȔźŎKb jĬĭjķ AźŶjŲA; AźŶŲA; ŴŽjȑ‹ ĵŹȬɂʑ Έ hh h m ğ iûh h û h Š h h ^h Ōğ hŵ djȑ‹ğ j Ŏi Kh ȇ Ů ĸ Ȱ Ŵj Ų ^ Ōŵ= djȑ‹ Ķ ô j Šɮjŭů‹b ĀjȔź

in the Scripture about orphan womena to whom you do not bring what is prescribed for them, yet you wish to marry them, and (about) those deemed weak and oppressed from among children and that you should treat orphans justly. And whatever good you do—indeed, Allah has always been All-Knowing of it.” 128 And if a woman fears disloyalty or disregard from her husband, then no sin is committed by them if they reformb what is between themselves c , for reconciliation is better. Yet stinginess has been brought to the (inner) selves. But if youpl excel in doing good and become mindful (of God) —indeed, Allah has always been All-Aware of what you do. 129 Furthermore, youpl will not be able to be equitable between the womend no matter how keen you are, so do not be so biased as to leave her suspended. Rather, if you reform and become mindful (of God) —indeed, Allah has always been Oft-Forgiving, Bestowing of mercy. 130 Yet if they both separate, Allah will enrich each from His vast meanse, for Allah has always been All-Embracing, All-Wise. 131 And to Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth. And very truly We have admonished those who were brought the Scripture before you, as well as yourselves, “Be mindful of Allahf. But if you deny—then to Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth, and Allah has always been SelfSufficient, Praiseworthy.” 132 And to Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth. And sufficient is Allah as a Trustee. 133 If He wills, He can do away with you, O mankind, and bring others. For Allah has always been All-Able to do that. 134 Whoever wants the recompense of the Earlier (Life) —with Allah is the recompense of the Earlier (Life) and the Hereafter. And Allah has always been All-Hearing, All-Seeing. 135 O you who have attained faith, always stand for justice, as witnesses for the sake of Allah, even if against yourselves or the parents or the close relatives. Whether a person is rich or poor, Allah is worthier as a patron of both. So do not follow prejudiceg so





It may also mean women who have orphaned children. Qb All except for ʻAsem, Hamza, Al Kesa’i and Khalaf read it as: “. . . if they reconcile between themselves . . .” c Literally, ‘if they reconcile a reconciliation’. d Wives. e Literally ‘embracement’. f A grammatical shift from 1st person to 3rd person. g Literally ‘whim’. a

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û i h Ģh h h ğ û i û h h h _j źû hȎ‹bh ĀjŷjŰŎi Ki bh Ājŷjĸļi ȡbh ĀjŷjļŭjɌˁ Ųb jĬĭjķ ŋŧȲŽ ŴŲb ğ l h i e šhķ Ɔü Š ʄh ŗh Ůğ ŗh ʼnû Ūh ȯh ŋjŇ˖‹ h ȑ‹ `ğ ? Ή Aʼnž űğ Ȫ AźŶi ŲAh ;h ŴŽj j j j ğû q û i l i h û ğ i l i h h ğ i l i h h ğ i l i h h űů ˊŋŧȱ AbIAIL‹ űȪ Abŋŧȱ űȪ AźŶŲA; űȪ Abŋŧȱ üh h û i h û h h h û i h h û h i ğ kh i h Ǭ j j ȵ Ί ƆžjȼŎ űŹȬjʼnŹȎj ƅb űŹɉ ŋjŧŤȎj Ĭ‹ Ŵj ȲŽ h e h h û ih ğ h h h i ğh h ğ h û e `bŊň j ļȬ ŴŽjȑ‹ ΋ ĵųȎj = ĵķAŊŠ űŹɉ `įjķ ǻjŪjŧŠɰųi ɉ‹ h h û h i h h û iû i h i h ŋŧj Š ʃ h m ĵhȎj bû = ŴɆ ů‹ űi ŸʼnŶj Š `źŤļh ûȼhŽɁ ôǻj ŶŲj İųɉ‹ `b I Ŵj Ų ; j j i h h h h h q Ʀh jĬğ j hCŌğ šûů‹ `ğ ıhŦ hCŌğ šûů‹ Ǎj űû Ȳžû ŰŠ ^Ōğ ŵ ʼnû ũbh Ό ĵšžj j j j h ih ûh ûi h h h û i ğ h û h h û iû =ŌŹļŏȹb ĵŹjķ ŋi ŧȲŽ jĬ‹ ĺ j Š ɔA;h űû ļšųj Ŏh AJj? `= Ķ j Šɮjŭů‹ l i ih ğ h û ih h l i i ûh hh h h mĀj aǞû Ȯh ĽŽj Š ń űŹšŲ AbʼnšŪȩ ƆŦ ĵŹjķ g ʼnń Ǎj Aźŗźƞ Ʋ j û h û h h Šh i i h hğ ğ û i i û k q û i ğ h ŋjŧŠʃ ů‹b ǻjŪjŧɰųɉ‹ şjŲĵŁ Ĭ‹ `j? ñűŹŰĿjŲ AJj? űȲŵj? ŴɆ j h i h h h e Ʀh űh Ŷğ Źh Łh Ǎ h h Ȭh ŴŽj h ȑ‹ğ ΍ ĵšžj `ǽ `jıŦ űû Ȳjķ `źŕi Ʌğ Ǜ j h l h i h ğ h i h h h i i h `ǽ `˯ űû Ȳšh Ųğ ŴȲŵ űû ɉɁ Aźm ɉĵũ jĬ‹ Ŵjh Ųk Ńx ļû ȯ űû Ȳů hh l i h x h h h Šh û i hh û űû Ȳžû ŰŠ JjźŅû ļh ŏû ȸ űû ɉɁ Aźm ɉĵũ Ķž ŕj ŵ ŴɆ ŋj jŧʃŰj ɉ û h h i i û iğ i ûhûhh h ŶŲj İû ųi ɉ‹ Ŵjh Ųk űȲ _h źû hŽ űû ȲŶh ûɀhķ űi ȲƘ Ĭĭ Ŧ ôǻj šŶųȫb e h h û iû hh h Šh û iğ hhûh hh h h û ƆžjȼŎ ǻj ŶŲj İųɉ‹ ȇ ŴɆŋj ŧj ʃŰj ɉ Ĭ‹ Ůšƒ Ŵůb ˏjĹųŠɱŪj ů‹ h i h i hğ h i Š h i h Šh iû ğ `źŠjʼnɴŽ ǻjŪjŧɰųɉ‹ `j? Ύ AJ˯ űû Źi ȭjʼnŠɗ źh Ÿbh Ĭ‹ h l i h h h i m h i Šh h i l i h Š h ğ h ğȍ‹ `b ũ ƅbh Mĵ ;AŋŽ ǓĵŏŬ AźɊĵũ j CźŰŕɉ‹ Ǔj? Aźm Ɋĵ q h ğ hğ h i i ûh hŠ m h h h h û h h h û h Ġ Ǔj? ƅ ūj ɉŠə ǻȨ ǻjȨŊķŊŲ Ώ Ɔžj Űũ ƅj? Ĭ‹ `bŋŬŊŽ h h hh iğ û i h h m h i Ģ h Šh m h h m h i Ģ h ÿȔi ʼnh Ə Ŵ Ű Ŧ Ĭ‹ Ůj Ű Ř j j Ž ŴŲb ˏ ;j ƅİʧ Ǔj? ƅb ;j ƅİʧ q h û l h i ğh h l ih h h ğ hĠhĢh h ŋjŧŠʃ Ɔž ů‹ ʑ Ab Ŋ ň ļ ȩ ƅ Aź Ŷ ŲA ; ŴɆ ŴŽj ȑ‹ ĵ Ź Ȭ ɂ ΐ j j ȼŎ j h h h h û l i m h i i h ûi ğ û i h h j bû = ŋj ĻɁ ôǻj ŶŲj İųɉ‹ `b jĬj AźŰšh Ə `= `bʼnɆ j I ŴjŲ ;ĵȎ i ûh h e ĸŲĠ ĵŶq Šɽh ûŰŎi űû Ȳ h ŪŧŠɰh ųi û ɉ‹ `ğ ? Α ĵŶɀ ğ Ǎ ǻ žŰŠ j]Kû Ȑ‹ jj j j j h l i h h ğ ğ h h h ûhû h û i h e h ğ h AźķĵĻ ŴŽjȑ‹ ƅj? Β AǞŕj ŵ űŹɉ ʼnƏ j Ŵůb jKĵȍ‹ ŴjŲ Ůj ŧŎƁ‹ h i l h h h ğ ğ l i h h û h l i h û hh h h I Aźŕi ŰŇû =bh jĬĭ ūjɌʤĢ bl įŦ jĬj űû Źi ŶŽj j ķ Aźųŕļȭ‹b AźŅŰŔ=b

as to do justice. But if you twist (your testimony)a or disregard (giving it) —then indeed Allah has always been All-Aware of what you do. 136 O you who have attained faith, have faith in Allah and His Messenger and the Scripture which He bestowedb upon His Messenger from on high and the Scripture He sent down before. And whoever denies Allah and His angels and His books and His messengers and the Last Day, then he has surely strayed into extreme misguidance. 137 Indeed, those who attained faith then denied, then attained faith then denied, then increased in denial—never is Allah to forgive them nor guide them to a way. 138 Givesg glad tidingsc to the hypocrites that they will have a painful punishment— 139 those who take the deniers as allies apart from the believers. Do they seek might from them? For indeed, all might belongs to Allah. For He has surely bestowedd upon youpl from on 140 high, in the Scripture, that when you hear Allah’s signs being denied or ridiculed, then do not sit with them until they engage in some other discourse; you would then be like them. Indeed, Allah will gather the hypocrites and the deniers in Hell, all together— those who lie in wait for youpl, so if there is a 141 conquest for you from Allah, they say, “Were we not with you?” While if the deniers have any measure (of success), they say, “Did we not have privilege over you and defend you from the believers?” Then Allah will judge between you on the Day of Resurrection. And Allah will never grant any way for the deniers against the believers. 142 Indeed, the hypocrites try to deceive Allah, while He deceives them. And when they rise for prayer they rise lazily, for show in front of mankind. And they do not remember Allah except a little, 143 wavering in between, neither with these nor with these. For whomever Allah leads astray—then yousg will not find any way for him. 144 O you who have attained faith, do not take the deniers as allies apart from the believers. Do you want to give Allah evident proof against you? 145 Indeed, the hypocrites are in the lowest level of the Fire, and yousg will not find any supporter for them— 146 except those who  repented and reformed and held fast to Allah and dedicated their religion faithfully to Allah, for those



Ibn ʻAmer and Hamza read it as: “But whether you go forward (by testifying) or disregard . . .” Ibn Kathir, Abu ʻAmr and Ibn ʻAmer read it as: “. . . and the Scripture which was bestowed upon . . .” c This is said in sarcasm. Qd All except for ʻAsem and Yaʻqub read it as: “For it has surely been bestowed upon you . . .” Qa

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û h h ŶŲj İû ųi û ɉ‹ Ĭ‹ h û û h q Şj Šh Aŋe Łû h= ǻj iğ D ĵųž j İiŽ [źû Ŏh bh ðǻj ŶŲj İųi ɉ‹ şh Ų h h i h hh ûiûh h i h iğ ih ûh ğ `Ȣbh űô û ļŶ ŲA;b űȩŋŭő `j? űû ȲjķAŊšh j ķ Ĭ ‹ ŮšŧȬ ĵŲ Γ û ğ q ŰŠh Aŋje Ŭĵőh Ĭ‹ Ġ ķ ŋh Źû Ơ‹ iğ i ğ ĶjĠ Ƙi ƅø Δ ĵųžj h Ĭ‹ Ŵjh Ų j;źm ŏɉĭ j l iûi hû i h ğ ğ h h e ųŎh Ĭ‹ e ŰŠh ĵšž Abʼnĸȩ `j? Ε ĵųžj j i `Ȣbh űjô h Űŝ ŴŲ ƅj? ^j źû Ūů‹ h ğ ‹ `ğ ıhŦ p;źm Ŏi ŴŠh l Aźŧi šû ȩh bû h= iaźŧi ûƛi bû h= AǞ e û Ňh kˊźq ŧi ȭh `h ǽh Ĭ j h i ih ğ h iû h ȑ‹ğ `ğ ? Ζ AŋŽj e ʼnhũ `bʼnɆ ŋj Ɇb ĀjŷjŰŎi Ki bh jĬĭjķ `bŋi ŧȲhŽ ŴŽj j ûi h i i ğ hûh l ik hi h Ŗp šû ĸh j ķ Ŵji Ųİŵ `źɉźŪɆh bh ĀjŷjŰŎi Ki bh jĬ‹ ǻ Ȩ Aźũŋj ŧȬ `= h e h i ih iû h h h hûh l i ğh ƆžjȼŎh ūj ɉŠə ǻ Ȩ AbŊň ŋj Ɇb Ŗp šû ĸh j ķ ŋi ŧȲŵbh j ļȬ `= `bʼnɆ h û h û h û h h kq h h i Š h û i i h Ģ h l i h ŋjŧŠʃ Űj ɉ ĵŵʼnļȭ=b ô ĵŪń `bŋjŧʃů‹ űŸ ūjɌʤb= Η ŴɆ j l ik hi ûhh ğ l h ȑ‹ğ bh Θ ĵŶq žŹɊĠ ĵķAq Ŋh Šh Aźũŋj ŧȬ űɉb ĀjŷjŰŎi Ki bh jĬĭjķ AźŶi ŲAh ;h ŴŽj j ğ h hh û i h i i û ûi h û h h Ģhli û i û k h h h ûh iĬ‹ `Ȣb űô ŸKźŁ= űŹj žjȩİŽ [źŎ ūjɌʤb= űŹŶjŲ ʼnp ń= ǻȨ h h h k h i h Š h û i û h h i nh û h q ğ q ih űû Źj žû ŰŠ ^ǣ j ɮjŭů‹ ŮŸ= ūŰZŏȹ Ι ĵųžjńK ˊKźŧȮ j ȩ `= Ķ û h Ģ h i l ih h û h h m h ğ h k qŠh h Šh h h ūj ɉə ŴjŲ ǚȱ= ƽźɊ AźɉɂŎ ʼnŪȯ ˏ ;j ĵųŏɉ‹ ŴjŲ ĵĸɮjŬ ğ i i û h h hh qh û h hğ h h lmi h h ğűȪi űû Źųj ûŰŞi ķ Ĺi Ūh jšŠɻů‹ űŹȩŊŇįŦ CŋŹŁ Ĭ‹ ĵŵjK= AźɉĵŪȯ ô j j ğ û h h h h û šûů‹ l AbŊi hƛ‹ i Šɰh žk hȊ‹ űi Źi ȩû ;h m ĵŁh ĵŲh ʼnj šû Ȩh Ŵü Ųj Ůh ł ŴŠ ĵŵźû ŧšh ȯ ĺ j j h h h q ĸŲĠ ĵŶq Šɽh ûŰŎi ƽź Š h Ɋi ĵŶh ûɀhĻA;h bh ôūjh ɉŠəh űi Źi Ȱźû Ŧ ĵŶh šû ȯKh bh Κ ĵŶɀ j ûi q û i ih hû i h û Šh Ġ h Ȋ‹ h śů‹ h û l AźiŰŇi I‹ ĵŶh Űũbh Aʼnłğ Ŏi Bĵ űŹɉ ĵŶŰũb űŹj jŪɯžųj j ķ Kź q h e h hû h h û ğ Ǎ l Abʼni šû ȩh ƅh űû Źi h ɉ Λ ĵŞžj Űţ ĵŪŠɯžjŲk űŹi Ŷjû Ų ĵŵŊŇ=bh ĺ j ĸŏɉ‹ j h h ûi ûh h h k ğ h űi Źj j Űļû Ȱbh jĬ‹ ĺ j Š ɔ˲ űjŸŋj ŧȡbh űû Źi ŪŠɯžjŲ űŹj Ř j Ūȫ ĵųh j ĸŦ h û Ťh ķ ;h m ĵžh ĸ˩hƁ‹û űû Źj j ɉźû ũbh Ũp k ńh Ǟ j j j ûi űjû Ÿŋj ŧȲjɅbh Μ û h ğ h q Şj Šh ĵŶe Šɮh Źû Ȩi űh Ɇh ŋû Ɋh ȇ Š h h űû Źj j ɉźû hũbh ĵŶh Űļh Ȱ ĵŵj? űû Źj j ɉźû ũbh Ν ĵųž i h ğ h h Š Ńž h jŏųh û ɉ‹ ĵŲh bh iaźŰļh Ȱ ĵŲh bh jĬ‹ ^źŎi Kh űh Ɇh ŋû Ɋh Ŵh Ȩ‹û ƿɀj l ih û h ğ ğ û ih h k i h h i ih h Ǐj ů jŷžjȯ AźŧŰļh ҋ ŴŽj ȑ‹ `˯ űô Źɉ ŷjĸő ŴȲ ĸŰŔ j Š ɧbh aź

are with the believers, and Allah will bring the believers a great reward. 147 What would Allah do with your pl punishment if you have given thanks and have attained faith, when Allah has always been Thankful, All-Knowing? 148 Allah does not like the public uttering of offensive words unless someone has been dealt with unjustly, for Allah has always been All-Hearing, All-Knowing. 149 Whether youpl disclose something good or hide it or pardon something bad—Allah has always been Pardoning, All-Able. 150 Indeed, those who deny Allah and His messengers, and want to make a distinction between Allah and His messengers, and say, “We believe in some and deny some,” and want to take a way in between— 151 it is those who are truly the deniers, and We have prepared for the deniers a demeaning punishment. 152 But those who have attained faith in Allah and His messengers and have made no distinction between any of them— those, Hea will bring them their rewards. For Allah has always been Oft-Forgiving, Bestowing of mercy. 153 The People of the Scripture ask yousg to bestowb upon them a scripture from heaven. For truly, they had asked Moses for something even greater than that, for they said, “Show us Allah openly.” So the thunderbolt took them on account of their injustice. Then they took the calf for worship after the evident proofs had come to them, yet We pardoned that, and We brought Moses evident authority. 154 And We raised Mount Tûr above them in accordance with their pledge, and We said to them, “Enter the gate prostrating,” and We said to them, “Do not transgress the Sabbath”, and We took from them a solid pledge. 155 But for their violation of their pledge, and their denial of Allah’s signs, and their unjustified killing of the prophets, and their saying, “Our hearts are wrapped”…c Rather, Allah put a seal upon them on account of their denial, so they do not believe, except for a few. 156 And on account of their denial and their saying against Mary a great slander, 157 and their saying, “We have surely killed the Messiah, Jesus, son of Mary, the Messenger of





All except for Hafs read it as: “We will bring them . . .” All except for Ibn Kathir, Abu ʻAmr and Yaʻqub read it as: “. . . to send down upon them . . .” c This sentence is left open-ended; according to Imam Al-Shawkani and other exegetes its predicate is “We forbade them good things that used to be lawful for them.” in sign 160. Qa

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SURAH 4- AN-NISâ’

h ğ h hk ğ û û k h i iŰļh Ȱh ĵŲh bh Ŵk Şů‹ aź Sĵĸjȩ‹ ƅj? ˈg ŰjŠ ŴjŲ Ājŷjķ űŹi ɉ ĵŲh ŷô i Ŷjû Ųk ū p ő ôj h ŪhŽ q ŭńh AŌɆ i ğ `h Ȣh bh jŷûȎh ? Ĭ‹ i ğ ŷi šh ȯh Kğ Ůhķ Ξ ˋüŶž e ŌŠh Ĭ‹ Ο ĵųžj j ˏ j j h ğ h û h h ğ h Ųİû iȎ ƅ? ĶŠɮjh ŭů‹ ŮŸû = Ŵjû Ųk `˯ _h źû Ɇh bh ĀjðŷjĻźû Ɋh Ůĸû Ȱ Ājŷjķ Ǻj j j j ğ û q h û ûh h i i h h Šh û hŴŽjȑ‹ Ŵjh Ųk ˈŰŞi ĸhŦ Π Aʼnž Źj ő űŹj žŰŠ `źȲŽ jĹųɱjŪů‹ p j i ğ h h i h û Űjń= ĺŠɭh žk Śh űû Źžû hŰŠh ĵŶh Ųû ŋğ ńh l AbIĵ ŴŠ űjû Ÿʼnj k ŕh j Ʌbh űû Źi ɉ ĺ Ÿ g j j h l l h h i h ğ h q k i û h ŷi Ŷû ȭ AźŹi ȫ ʼnû ũbh AźŠ Ʌh ŋɉ‹ j űjŸŊj Ň=b Ρ ˊǞjĿŬ jĬ‹ Ůž j j ȼŎ h h ûh û û hh h û h û h û hh h ûůĭķ Mĵ ğ h ŋjŧŠʃ Š Š ʆŲ= űŹj j Űȱ=b j Űj ɉ ĵ ŵ ʼn ļ ȭ = b Ů ś ɭ ȍ‹ ŴɆ ^ ˏj j j j h h h û û ğ h i ğ û űû Źi Ŷjû Ų űj Űjšů‹ Ǎj `źňjŎŠɷů‹ Ŵj Ȳ j Š ɧ ΢ ĵųq Ȏj = ĵeķAŊŠ űû Źi ŶjŲ h i m h h h ûh h i m h h i ûi h i û iû h h ûh ūj Ű ĸ Ȱ Ŵj Ų ^ Ōŵ ô j = ĵŲb ūȎj? ^Ōŵ j = ĵųjķ `źŶjŲİŽ `źŶjŲİųɉ‹b û û h û ğ h h ğ h i û iû h hŠh ğ h `źĻİųɉ‹b ô CźŰŕɉ‹ ǻųj žjŪųi ɉ‹bh jĬĭjķ `źŶji Ųİųi ɉ‹bh CźŠ ŬŌɉ‹ mğ h Ģhli e Şj Šh Aŋe Łû h= űû Źžjȩİû Ŷi Ŏh ū ûhû h ĵȫj?ø Σ ĵųž j Ɍʤb= ŋjj Ň˖‹ _j źȎ‹b j h m h h h mhû h ûh i h m ûȎj? ĵŶžńb= p ŵ ǓŠ j ? ĵŶh žû ńh bû = ĵųh Ŭ ū Āj ôaʼnj šû Ȩh Ŵü Ųj Ŵāh Zj žk j ȼğȍ‹bh Gź h mhû h ûhh h h Ŏ˯ û û h Ūi šû Ɇh bh Ũh Šɳ h ŸŠɷh ûķ? Ǔ ŮžjšŠʅh Ŏ˯ Bź űžj j Ģ j ? ĵŶžńb=b hû h h iŠh h hi i h h Ġhh Š h h û h hŴŠʅh žû hŰŎi bh `b ŋɪb ōȸźɆb BźŽɁb ƿɀjŠb Qĵ j ĸŎƁ‹b ô q h h h h i h hûh h h h h q Ʌi Lh Iÿ bAI ĵŶɀĻA;b ūžû ŰŠ űû Źi Šɰh ŕû ŕh ũ ʼnû ũ ƆŎi Ki bh Τ ˊKź h ûh h û i û i ûh û ğ q i i h iûh i ğ ‹ űh ğȣh bh ū Š h Ɋi Ĭ ƽź ô žŰŠ űŹŕŕŪȫ űů ƆŎKb ŮĸȰ ŴjŲ ğ h h i û h i h h j k hȼŲĠ Ɔq Ŏi KĠ Υ ĵųžj q ŰȲ `źȲhŽ Ɔh jȏ ŴɆ Ļ j jKjŊŶŲb ŴɆǬ h h ğ i ğ `h Ȣh bh ŮŎi ŋɉ‹ e ŌŠh Ĭ‹ Ġ ʼnh šû Ȩh ˫łğ ńi jĬ‹ j ŶŰjğ ɉ ȇ Mĵ AŌɆ ˏj j h h h h ûh hh h m h i h ûh iğ ğ q ŭńh ÿȔi Ōŵ = ðūȎj? ^Ōŵ= ĵųjķ ʼnŹŒȹ Ĭ‹ Ŵj Ȳ j Š ɧ Φ ĵųžj û ğ ğ Š h h h h i h ûh i h Ģh hû h e Źőh jĬĭ `j? Χ Aʼnž ô ʼnŹŒȹ ĹŭjɌˁųɉ‹b Ājðŷųj Űjšjķ j ķ Ǐȡb `b j üh h h l Ġ h h ğ h h ğ h ŴŠh l AbʼnĠ Ŕh bh l Abŋi ŧh ȱ ƆŠʄŗ AźŰŗ ʼnû ũ jĬ‹ Ůž ȼ Ŏ ŴŽjȑ‹ j j ğ l l h h ğ i h û e h i ğ ŴȲ i hh i hh h Ĭ‹ j Ž űɉ AźųŰŝb Abŋŧȱ ŴŽjȑ‹ `j? Ψ Aʼnžjšķ e h û i h ûh hh û ih h û h h ŋŚh ƅğ ? Ω ĵŪɆ űh Ŷğ Źh Łh ŨɆ j j jŋŚ űŹȬjʼnŹȎj ƅb űŹɉ ŋjŧŤȎj h h h h ğ h h h h q h mh h Šh q h ȹ jĬ‹ Ģ Ϊ ˊǞjŏ ĵŹh ȬĠ ɂʑ ȇ ūj ɉŠə `Ȣbh ôˑʼnhķɁ ĵŹžj ȯ ŴŽjȒj ɗ

Allah”… a In fact, they did not kill him, nor did they crucify him, but it appeared to them as if they had. And indeed, those who differed over him are in doubt about it. They have no knowledge of it—just following assumptions. And certainly, they did not kill him. 158 Rather, Allah raised him up to Himself, for Allah has always been Almighty, All-Wise. 159 Surely, there is none from the People of the Scripture but will believe in himb before his death, and on the Day of Resurrection he will be a witness against them. 160 So on account of the injustice on the part of the ones who have Judaized We forbade them good things that used to be lawful for them, and on account of barring a lot from the way of Allah, 161 and their taking of usury—though they were forbidden it—and their devouring of people’s wealths illicitly. And We have prepared for the deniers among them a painful punishment. 162 But those of them who are firmly rooted in knowledge, and the believers, believe in what was sent down to yousg and in what was sent down before you. And those who establish the prayers, and those who bringc the purifying charityd, and the believers in Allah and the Last Day—those, Wee will bring them a great reward. 163 Indeed, We have revealed to you as We revealed to Noah and the prophets after him. And We revealed to Abraham and Ishmael and Isaac and Jacob and the Grandsonsf and Jesus and Job and Jonah and Aaron and Solomon, and We brought David a Book. 164 And messengers (the stories of) whom We have already narrated to yousg and messengers (the stories of) whom We have not narrated to you. And Allah spoke to Moses with (direct) speech. 165 Messengers—bearing glad tidings and forewarning, that mankind may have no excuse before Allah after the (coming of the) messengers, for Allah has always been Almighty, All-Wise. 166 But Allah bears witness to what He sent down to you; He sent it down with His knowledge, and the angels bear witness, though Allah suffices as a witness. 167 Surely those who have denied and barred from the way of Allah have



 left open-ended; according to Imam Al-Shawkani and other exegetes its predicate is “We forbade them This sentence is good things that used to be lawful for them.” in sign 160. b Jesus. c The Qur’an always uses verb ‘to bring’ rather than verb ‘to give’ in association with charity; this should be pondered by the reader. d The Arabic word used is zakāt, which denotes purification and growth. Qe Hamza and Khalaf read it as: “He will bring them a great reward.” f The different prophets of the Israelites. a

68

PART 6. WOMEN

SURAH 4- AN-NISâ’

l i hh û i kğ i i ğ i i hm h ûh i ğ h û ķ ^ź AźŶjŲĵnZŦ űȲjɅK ŴjŲ Ũj k ơĭ j Ŏŋɉ‹ űȱ;ĵŁ ʼnũ Mĵȍ‹ û h i ğ qû h h h ğ Ǎ ĵŲh jĬğ j `ğ ıhŦ l Abŋi ŧi Ȳ ûȲ D Ļ `˯ ű ů ˊǞŇ j Š ʆŠʅŏɉ‹ ô j j hû h h û hûh h h q ŭńh ĵųžj i ğ `h Ȣbh P˱ e ŰŠh Ĭ‹ Ģ Ϋ ĵųžj ƅĶ ˏ j Ɓ‹bh j Šɮjŭů‹ ŮŸįʑ l iûh ğ hû ğ ğ h h l i i h h h û i ĵųh ȫj? ô Ũğ ơ‹ ƅj? jĬ‹ ȇ AźɉźŪȩ ƅb űȲj ŶŽjI Ǎj AźŰŤȩ h ğ i ih hhûh i û h i jŏųh û ɉ‹ ŠǓh j ? m ĵŹh Š ƋŪh ûůɁ ÿm ŷi ļi ųjh ȣh bh jĬ‹ ^źŎK űɆŋɊ ŴȨ‹ ƿɀjŠ Ńž h fhhh l i ih h ğ l x ih hhûh ô ĹĿŠʄľ AźɉźŪȩ ƅbh ĀjðŷjŰŎi Ki bh jĬĭjķ AźŶji ŲĵnZh Ŧ ðŷi Ŷjû Ųk Gb K b űɆ ŋ Ɋ h m i h h û i x h x h iğ h ğ û i ğ qû h l i h `= ÿŷŶŠɳĸŎ ðʼnjńŠɩ ŷŠɧj? Ĭ‹ ĵųȫj? űô Ȳů ˊǞŇ AźŹļŵ‹ hû h h i h h h ğ Ǎ ĵŲh ÿȔi ğ ò Ȑ x h bh ÿȔi h `ź Š h ȡbh P˱ jˍ Ɓ‹ Ǎj ĵŲh bh D ȲŽ Ǐ j Š ʆŠʅŏɉ‹ j h q h ğ q h h i i jŏųh û ɉ‹ ťjh ŭŶhȽŏû h ȹ Ŵůğ ά Ɔžj ȡb jĬĭjķ Aʼnĸû ȭ `źȲhŽ `= Ńž h û û i h Ģh h û h h h h ğk ųɉ‹ ƅbh jĬj Ŵû ȭ ťjŭŶȽŏû h ȹ ŴŲh bh `ź ô Ʌi ŋğ Ūųi ɉ‹ ĹŭjɌˁ hh û h ûhh h h û žh ŏh hŦ ǚ q Ʀh jŷûȎh ? űû Ÿi Ǭ û ŭ i i Ņ ĵŲğ įŦ έ ĵšžj j j ļŏȹb ĀjŷjĻIĵĸjŠ ih i i û khih h ğ l i h l ih h ȑ‹ğ űû ŸKź Ł= űŹj žj Ŧźžȯ ĺ j Šɳj ۊɻů‹ AźŰųj Šbh AźŶŲA;h ŴŽj l ih û h û h l i h h û h ğ ğhh û h i i hh AbǚŭļŎ‹b AźŧŭŶȽŎ‹ ŴŽjȑ‹ ĵŲ=b ĀjðŷjŰŘŦ ŴjŲk űŸʼnɆ Ōj Ɇb h h h k h h q ğ i k i h i h q e h û ii hih ĵkȎj bh jĬ‹ `b j I ŴjŲ űŹɉ `bʼnƒ j ƅb ĵųȎj = ĵķAŊŠ űŹȨjŊšžȯ h i ğ h ĠhĢh h i m q ŕj hŵ ƅh bh ȍ‹ ĵŹȬɂʑ ή ˊǞ ŴjŲk Ŵx Šɪŋû iķ űȱ;h ĵŁh ʼnû ũ Mĵ l ih h h ğ ğhh i ûh mhûh hh û i k ğ q ĸŲĠ ˊKź q iŵ űû Ȳ AźŶŲA; ŴŽjȑ‹ ĵŲįŦ ί ĵŶɀ Ȏj? ĵȍŌŵ=b űȲjɅK j û h ğ û h h û Kh Ǎ űû Źi iŰjŇʼnû ži ŏh hŦ Ājŷķ l Aźųi ŕh ļh ȭ‹ b jĬĭjķ Ůp ŘŦbh ŷi Ŷjû Ųk pĹƧ j j h h h iûh ûh û q jŪļh ŏû ŲĠ ĵŚq Š ɷh Ŕ i ğ Ůiũ ū Ĭ‹ ŵźļŧļŏȹ ΰ ĵųž j jŷûȎj? űû Źj ŽjʼnŹɆh bh j h xh h ih h ûh h h h lf i û h h h û û i b ÿȔ ōɀů ūŰŸ A>ŋɊ‹ `j j ? ˏjĹۊʄŭů‹ Ǎj űû ȲžjļŧȬi ÿm Ȕi bh Ȑ ğ i ğ hh x û i m i i h i ĵŹh ɉ ŴȲhŽ űû ů `j? ĵŹh Ȫŋj hŽ źh Ÿbh ô]h ŋh Ļ ĵŲh ťŕjû ŵ ĵŹh ŰŦ ĺ Ň= lmi h h i h Ġ h i h ûhhû hh h h xhh h Aźŵǽ `˯ ô]h ŋh Ļ ĵųjğ Ɋ `ĵ j ĿŰȌ‹ ĵųŹŰŦ ǻ j ļȿľ‹ ĵļȫǽ `jıŦ ô Ȑb i û h h ğ h qm h h q h k qh û i k hȼiŽ ǻû žh ȾŵƁ‹ Ŝj k ńh Ůi Ŀjû Ų ŋŬȓj iğ ǻ Ĭ‹ ŰŦ ;ĵŏj ȸb ƅĵŁjK CźŇj? j ˍj j h k h û i i ğ h lñ Ġ h h û i h i ü α űžj ŰŠ ;g ƾ Ůj Ȳjķ Ĭ‹b AźŰŘ j Ļ `= űȲů

truly strayed into extreme misguidance. 168 Surely those who have denied and have done injustice— indeed, Allah is not to forgive them, nor is He to guide them to any road 169 except the road to Hell, abiding therein forever. And that has always been easy for Allah. 170 O mankind, the Messenger has truly come to you with the truth from your Lord, so believe—that is better for you. But if you deny, then to Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and the earth, for Allah has always been All-Knowing, AllWise. 171 O People of the Scripture, do not exaggerate in your religion, and do not say about Allah except the truth. The Messiah, Jesus, son of Mary, is indeed nothing but Allah’s Messenger and His Word that He cast to Mary, and a Spirit from Him. So believe in Allah and His messengers, and do not say, “Three.” Refrain—(that is) better for you. Indeed, Allah is only one God; Highly Exalted is He—that He should have a son! To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth. And Allah suffices as a Trustee. 172 Never shall the Messiah disdain to be a servant of Allah, nor shall the angels who are brought near. And whoever disdains His worship and acts arrogantly—He will herd them to Himself, all together. 173 But as for those who have attained faith and have done righteous deeds, He will render them their rewards in full and increase His grace for them. But as for those who were disdainful and acted arrogantly, He will punish them with a painful punishment, and they will find for themselves, apart from Allah, neither ally nor supporter. 174 O mankind, a proof has come to you from your Lord, and Wea have sent down to you an evident light. 175 So as for those who have attained faith in Allah and have held fast to Him, He will enter them into mercy from Him, and grace, and will guide them to Himself on a straight path. 176 They ask yousg for a ruling. Say, “Allah gives you a ruling concerning the person who has non-lineal heirs.” If a man dies and leaves no children and he has a sister, then for her is one-half of what he has left. And he inherits from her if she has no children. But if they are two (sisters), then for them are two-thirds of what he has left. Yet if the siblings are men and women, then for the male is the share of two females.” Allah makes things evident for you, lest youpl go astray. For Allah is All-Knowing of everything. a



A grammatical shift from 3rd person to 1st person. 69

PART 6. THE TABLE SPREAD

SURAH 5- AL-Mâ’IDAH

h h ih i CKźŎ ˾ j CʼnjZijĵųɉA ğ ğ ˵ŋɉ‹ ğ jĬ‹ űžj ƈ j ńŋɉ‹

5� The Table Spread In the name of Allah,

 i h h i h û ğ i i i û l i ûh lm i h h h ğ h ĠhĢ h ĹųžŹj ķ űȲů ĺŰjń= ˏ jIźŪšůĭjķ AźŦb= AźŶŲA; ŴŽjȑ‹ ĵŹȬɂʑ i û h h Šh û i h ğ Šh û h û ğ ǔjk Ƥi Ǟ i h=bh ʼnj žû ŕɉ‹ h û Ȯh űû Ȳ űû ļŵ žŰŠ ǔļȬ ĵŲ ƅj? űj ɿŵƁ‹ j h l ih h h ğ hĠh h i ûh hğ ğ fi i i ŋiŽ ĵŲh űi Ȳ Ģ ̂ ʼnɆ ƅ AźŶŲA; ŴŽjȑ‹ ĵŹȬɂʑ Ƙ Ĭ‹ `j? ñ _ŋń j h h h û h û h h h h hû h û ğ hh ğ h h h l Ġ i Ģ ő AźŰjƕ ƅb dʼnŹɉ‹ ƅb _Aŋơ‹ ŋŹŒɉ‹ ƅb jĬ‹ ŋjɌʼ q û h h i h hû h ŋh ơ‹ h Ųk m A;h mƅh bh ʼnh Ɍˁ h žû hȊ‹û ǻj hû ĺ ŴjŲk ƆŘŦ `źŤļh ûȼhŽ _A j Ģ Ūů‹ q û ûh h l i û h û iûh h h i Ŧ űļŰŰń AJ˯ ô ĵŵŠʆh ŗjKbh űû Źj j Ʌk Kğ űû ȲŶğ Ųh jŋƒ ƅbh Abô Iĵśh Ŕĭ l i h û h h h hû i Ġ h h ûh i hh h û ųh û ɉ‹ ŴŠh űû ȡb Abò ʼnļšȩ `= _Aj ŋơ‹ ʼnj ł ŏ ʼnŔ `= ˉg źũ `ĵnZŶő j j û û hh l ih hh hh Š h ûğ h k û hh l ih hhh űj ľƃ‹ j ȇ Aźŵbĵšȩ ƅb ðcźŪȋ‹b ǚ j j ů‹ ȇ Aźŵbĵšȩb û Ųh ŋk ńi ̃ BĵŪh šûů‹ ʼnŽj i ʼnőh Ĭ‹ hğ l iğ h h û iû h h ğ `ğ ? Ĭ‹ ĺ j ð AźŪȩ‹b `ˏ j Š ɩʼnšů‹b j j j û i ûh h i ğ h i h û h û i i û h h ğ ûh ğ i mhh jĬ‹ Ǟ j Ťj ů ŮjŸ= ĵŲb ŋɆ j Ƣ‹ űơb _Ȑ‹b Ĺļžųɉ‹ űȲžŰŠ j ǣj m hh i h ğ h ihkhhiû h ih iû hû h i h h ûiû h ĵŲb ĹŅžśj ȍ‹b ĹŽjIǛųɉ‹b CJźũźųɉ‹b ĹŪj ŶňŶųɉ‹b Ājŷjķ h hh h i hh û iûğ h h ğ i i ğ h h h i ȍ‹ Ġ ȇ ŃjķJ ĵŲb űļžŬJ ĵŲ ƅj? şĸŏɉ‹ Ůȱ= `=bh Ķ ŕ j ğ i Šh Šh û h û l i û h û h h ȑ‹ ōh ɌhŽ _h źû hȎ‹û Ũf ŏjû Ŧ űû Ȳj ŴŽj ůə űˏ j ɧLƁĭjķ Aźų jŏŪļŏȶ ñ j û h l hh hh i h û i h û _h źû hȎ‹ `ˏ j źû ŒŇ‹bh űû Ÿźû Œƛ ƆŦ űû Ȳj ŶŽjI ŴjŲ Abŋi ŧȱ i h h i û h ûhh û i h i h i ûh û h Ʋj ųh šjû ŵ űû Ȳžû ŰŠ ĺ ųųȩɁb űȲŶŽjI űû Ȳů ĺ Űųȱ= û h h ûh û i i h i j Kh bh Ĺg ŕh ųh ƥ Ǎj ŋğ śi ŗ‹ Ŵj ųh ȯ ô ĵŶŽjq I űh Š ʄŎû ƃ‹ j űȲů ĺžŗ h h i h hi hû h h ğ ‹ `ğ ıhŦ ˈûľƃjk ťj ŵĵł x ńKğ xKźŧi Ȯh Ĭ ūŵźŰnZh ŏû h ȹ ̄ űžj j p j p ļŲ ǞȮ ğh i h ğ i ûi û ih ğ i mh h ğ űi Ȳ i Šɭh žk śů‹ Ŵjh Ųk űļi ųû ŰŠ ĵŲh bh ĺ ů Ůjń= Ůũ ðűŹɉ Ůjń= AJĵŲ j l iih iğ i i hğ h ğ ğ ih ikhi h kh i hû AźȀŦ ðĬ‹ űȲųŰŠ ĵųjɊ ŴŹȫźųj Űšȩ ǻjĸjȀŲ Gj jKAźh Ơ‹ l iğ h ûh h ğ h û l i i û h û i ûh h h û h ûh m ğ AźŪȩ‹b ˌjŷžŰŠ jĬ‹ űŎ‹ AbŋŬJ‹b űȲžŰŠ ŴȲŏɊ= ĵųjɊ û i h ğ i h û i h Ĭ‹ hğ h ğ `ğ ? Ĭ‹ űi Ȳů Ůjń= _h źû hȎ‹ ̅ Bĵ j ô j ŏj ơ‹ şɆǦ j

the All-Merciful, the Bestower of mercy O you who have attained faith, fulfil your contracts. Livestock animals have been made lawful to you except whatever is recited to you, provided that you do not make game-hunting lawful while you are consecrating yourselves to pilgrimage. Indeed, Allah decrees whatever He wants. 2 O you who have attained faith, do not violate Allah’s rites, nor the inviolable month, nor the offerings, nor the garlanded, nor those heading for the Inviolable House seeking grace and good pleasure from their Lord. And when you have left the pilgrim sanctity, then hunt. And let not the hatred a of any people incite you to transgress because they barred b you from the Inviolable Mosque. And cooperate with one another in showing virtue and mindfulness (of God), and do not cooperate with one another in sin and hostility. And be mindful of Allah; indeed, Allah is stern in retribution. 3 Prohibited for youpl are carrion and blood and the f lesh of swine, and what was dedicated to other than Allah, and the strangled and the beaten (to death) and the toppled (to death) and the gored (to death) and the (partly) eaten by a wild animal—except what you (are able to) slaughter (before its death) —and what was sacrificed on altars, and that you determine shares through divination. All that is grave disobedience. Today, those who have denied have despaired of your religion, so do not fear them but fear Me. Today I have perfected your religion for you and have completed My blessings upon you, and I have approved Islam as a religion for you. But whoever is compelled by starvation, with no intent to sin, then indeed, Allah is Forgiving, Bestowing of mercy. 4 They ask yousg what is made lawful for them. Say, “All good things have been made lawful for youpl, and such hunting creatures as you teach, training them as hounds.” You train them according to what Allah has taught you, so eat from what they have caught for you and pronounce Allah’s name over it, and be mindful of Allah; indeed, Allah is Swift in reckoning. 5 Today 1

Qa Qb



Ibn ʻAmer, Shuʻba and Abu Jaʻfar read it as: “And let not any hating people incite . . .” Ibn Kathir and Abu ʻAmr read it as: “. . . to transgress if they bar you from the Inviolable Mosque.” 70

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i ğ xk i šh Śh bh ĺ h ğ h Šɮjh ŭûů‹ l AźiĻbi= ŴŽj h ȑ‹ğ _ĵ űû Ȳů Ůjń Ķ ð i Šɭjžk śů‹ i i h hh h û û û ųi û ɉ‹bh űû Źi ğ ɉ Ůjx k ń űû Ȳ i Šɰh ŕh Ņ ĺ ŲĵšŚb j ŠɰjŲİųi ɉ‹ Ŵjh Ų ĺ ð i ğ û l mh û i ûh û ųi û ɉ‹bh h Šɮjh ŭů‹ AźiĻb= ŴŽj i Šɰh ŕh Ņ h ȑ‹ Ŵjh Ų ĺ AJj? űȲj ŰĸȰ ŴjŲ Ķ h h ûi ğ i h i i ğ i i iûh h h ŶŕƤ h û Ȯh ǻj Š h Ųi Ǟ ƅbh ǻ Ņ ŴŸKźŁ= ŴŸźųļɀĻA; j ŧj ɹ j û hh û h hh ğ h ƃĭķ ŋû ŧi Ȳ h Ňû h= dj m Ŋň ʼn řh j ĸńh ʼnû Ūȯ Ŵj Š ʅŽ Ž ŴŲb ˍ`A j ļŲi j j p h h ğ h û h h h ȑ‹ h Ǫj Šɴ h Ÿi bh ÿŷi iŰųh ȭh Ģ ̆ ŴɆ j ŴŽ ů‹ Ŵj Ų C ŋj Ň ˖‹ Ǎ ź j ĵŹh ȬĠ ɂʑ j j h i h l i h i i l i û h j Šh ğ ûűȲ ŸźŁb AźŰ jŏţĭŦ CźŰŕɉ‹ Ǔj? űû ļi ųû Ȱ AJj? Aźm Ŷi ŲAh ;h û h û i h ûhh l i h û h i h i ûhh û i ûűȲ h h i i ŰŁK=b űȲjŎb;ŋjķ AźŅŏɊ‹b Ũjj ŦAŋųɉ‹ Ǔj? űȲŽjʼnŽɁb h û h h i Ŭi `˯ l Abô ŋi Źğ Śĭ i Ŭi `˯ ǻû ĸh šû ŭ ğ hŦ ĵĸq Ŷi Łi űû ļŶ Ģ ŋû Ųğ űļŶ ǂ ů‹ Ǔj? ˏj h h h û h m m h Šh h û h h x i űi ļi ŏû ųh Š ɧ bû = řj j ɋĵŤů‹ Ŵjh Ųk űȲŶjŲk ʼnńh = ;h ĵŁh bû = ŋg ŧŎh ȇ b= l i h û h qk h q h l i ğ hh h qm h l i h û h h hm h k AźŅŏɊĭŦ ĵĸjžŚ Aʼnžšj Ŕ Aźųųžļȯ ;ĵŲ AbʼnƏ j űŰŦ ;ĵŏjȿů‹ h h û h iğ i i h iûk i i Ůšh ł Ȏj Ĭ‹ ʼnɆŋj Ž ĵŲ ŷô ŶjŲ űȲŽjʼnûŽɁbh űû ȲjŸźŁi źi j ķ i ûh h i j bh űû ȡi ŋh Źk śh Ȏ i i i j Š ɧh bh Fp ŋh ńh Ŵjû Ųk űȲ žŰŠ űğ j ļȎ j j ʼnɆŋj Ž ŴȲ l i û h h i ûh i ğ h i h h Ĺųh šjû ŵ Abŋi ŬJ‹bh ̇ `bŋi ŭŒȶ űû ȲŰšh ů űû Ȳžû ŰŠ ÿŷi ļh ųh šjû ŵ ğ h h ûi û i hh ğ i hh űû ļi Űũ Jj? mĀjŷjķ űȲŪȪAbh djȑ‹ ŷi ŪŠɯžjŲbh űû Ȳžû ŰŠ jĬ‹ Ġ DAŊh ķ ü űžj i ŕɉ‹ h ğ l AźŪi ȩ‹ğ bh ðĵŶh šû Śh h=bh ĵŶh šû ųj Ŏh h ğ `ğ ? Ĭ‹ i ŰŠh Ĭ‹ Kb ʼn j ô j j j mh h h i ğ h ğ h l i i l i h h h ğ h Ġ h Ģ h ;AʼnŹő jĬj ǻjŲŠʆũ AźŵźŬ AźŶŲA; ŴŽjȑ‹ ĵŹȬɂʑ ̈ l i û h ğh Ģhh ûh i h h h û i ğ h ûh h h û ˌ j ŏû jŪůĭjķ Aźô ɉjʼnšȩ ƅɁ ȇ ˉg źũ `ĵnZŶő űȲŶŲŋj ƒ ƅb ř û h ğ l i ğ h Š źh Ūû ļŰjğ ɉ Bi ŋh ûũh= źh Ÿi l AźiɉjʼnŠ‹ h ğ `ğ ? Ĭ‹ i ĸŇh Ĭ‹ ĵųh j ķ ü Ǟ j ô AźŪȩ‹b ðc j h ihûh h ğ l i h l i h h ȑ‹ğ Ĭ‹ i ğ ʼnh Šh bh ̉ `ź Űųšȩ ĺ j Šɳj ۊɻů‹ AźŰųj Šbh AźŶŲA;h ŴŽj h ğ l iğ hh l ihh x Şj Šh ŋf Łû =bh x Cŋh jŧŤû Ųğ űŹi h ɉ h ȑ‹bh ̊ űž AźķŊȡb Abŋŧȱ ŴŽj h h h Ģh l i m h Šh h Ŕû h= ū i Šɳ h ȑ‹ğ ĵŹh ȬĠ ɂʑ hû Ķ Ģ ̋ űž ŴŽj j Ņ j Ơ‹ j Ɍʤb= ĵŶjļɔ˲ h fûh ğ h û û i ûh h ğ h h û l i û l ih `= _źũ űŸ Jj? űȲžŰŠ jĬ‹ ĺųšj ŵ Abŋi ŬJ‹ AźŶŲA;h l i ğ h û i h û i h ûh ğ h h û i h ûh û i ûh lm i i ûh AźŪȩ‹b ðűȲŶŠ űŹȬjʼnŽɁ ťŭŦ űŹȬjʼnŽɁ űȲȎj? AźśŏȼŽ

all good things have been made lawful for youpl and the food of the People of the Scripture is lawful for you and your food is lawful for them. And (lawful are) believing women whose chastity is guarded, and women from the people who were brought the Scripture before you whose chastity is guarded— provided you give them their rewards in wedlock, not in fornication nor as mistresses. For whoever denies faith, then surely his work has been nullified, and in the Hereafter he is one of the losers. 6 O you who have attained faith, when you rise for prayer, wash your faces and your hands up to the elbows, and wipe your heads and a (wash) your feet to the ankles. But if you are in a state of major impurityb, then cleanse yourselves. But if you are ill or traveling or one of you returns from relieving himself or you have touched women (in intercourse) and cannot find water, then seek clean soil and wipe over your faces and hands with it. Allah does not want to cause you discomfort; rather He wants to cleanse you and to complete His blessing upon you, that you may give thanks. 7 And remember Allah’s blessing upon you pl and His pledge which He pledged you with, when you said, “We have heard and obeyed.” And be mindful of Allah; indeed, Allah is All-Knowing of what lies within the chests. O you who have attained faith, stand firmly for 8 Allah (as) just witnesses, and let not the hatredc of any people provoke you to be unjust. Be just—that is nearer to mindfulness (of God). And be mindful of Allah; indeed, Allah is All-Aware of all that you do. Allah has promised those who have attained faith 9 and have done righteous deeds: for them is forgiveness and a great reward. 10 And those who have denied and disbelieved in Our signs—those are the fellows of purgatory. 11 O you who have attained faith, recall Allah’s blessing upon you when some people advanced to extend their hands against you, so He restrained their hands from you. So be mindful of Allah. And in Allah let the believers place their trust. 12 And most surely Allah took the pledge of the Children of Israel, and Wed delegated from among them twelve leaders. And  indeed with you; if you establish Allah said, “I am



All except for Nafieʻ, Ibn ʻAmer, Hafs, Al-Kesa’i and Yaʻqub read it as: “. . . wash your faces and your hands up to the elbows, and wipe your heads and your feet to the ankles.” b A state of impurity after sexual discharge, requiring full body wash. Qc Ibn ʻAmer, Shuʻba and Abu Jaʻfar read it as: “. . . and let not any hating people . . .” d A grammatical shift from 3rd person to 1st person. Qa

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h i û iû ğhhhûh ğ hh h hğ i ğ Ŋh Ňh h= ʼnû Ūh hůbø h ̌ `ź Ĭ‹ ŶjŲİųɉ‹ Ȥ j źļžŰŦ jĬ‹ ȇb ôĬ‹ h h q h h h h ûh û i i û hûh h h h Ģh û m h h h ^ĵũbh ðĵĸž jŪŵ ǬŠ ƴȪ‹ űŹŶjŲ ĵŶĿšɅb ŮŽj;ʴŎj? ƴj ķ ŨŠɯžjŲ h h ğ i iûh h h hŠh ğ i iû hh û h û i h h k iğ CźŠ ŬŌɉ‹ űļɀĻA;b CźŰŕɉ‹ űļųȰ= ŴjɌů ðűȲšŲ ƭj j ? Ĭ‹ e h hğ i i û hûhh û i i i û ğ h h i i i h h h ĵŶq ŏh ńh ĵŗŋû ũ Ĭ‹ űļŗŋũ=b űŸźųȩKŌŠb ǔj Ŏŋjķ űļŶŲA;b h ğ h û i ğ ûihh û i hk h û i h ğ k h iğ ĺ p ŠɰŁ űȲŶŰjŇIƁb űȲj ĻĵnZj žŎ űȲŶŠ `ŋh ŧj ȱƁ h ûh û hh ûh h h ûh i űû ȲŶjŲ ūj ɉŠə ʼnh šû Ȩh ŋh ŧȱ Ŵųh ȯ ô ŋi Š ʇh ŵƁ‹ ĵŹh j ļƕ ŴjŲ dŋj Ə h ûh h h ğ ;h m Aźh Ŏh Ůğ ŗh ʼnû Ūh ȯh űû Źi ŪŠɯžjŲk űŹj Ř ȼ ŏɉ‹ j Ūȫ ĵųh j ĸŦ ̍ Ůž j j h h h û h i k h i ð q h Šh û i h i i h û h h h û i Šğ h h ŴŠ űj Ȁů‹ `źŦŋj Ƙ Ĺž jŏɥ űŹɅźŰũ ĵŶŰšŁb űŹɰšů l k i kq l h h i h h ğ şji Űśğ ȩ ^AŌh Ļ ƅbh Ājôŷjķ Abŋji ŬJ ĵųjğ Ɋk ĵŞńh Aźŏi ȸbh ĀjŷjšŗA j źh Ų û h û h û i û h i û h û i û k q h ğ û i û k h m h Šh h Ń ô ŧŔ‹b űŹŶȭ ťȭĭŦ ðűŹŶjŲ Ɔžj Űũ ƅj? űŹŶjŲ Ĺp ŶjɋĵŇ ȇ û ųi û ɉ‹ ĶjĠ Ƙi Ĭ‹ h ȿ jŏŅ h ğ `ğ ? h ȑ‹ğ Ŵjh Ųbh ̎ ǻ Ģ ŋh Š ɻh hŵ ĵğŵj? l Aźm i ɉĵhũ ŴŽj c j j h l k l q û û h i h h h k h h h h ĵŶh Ɇû ŋh ţįŦ Ājŷjķ Abŋji ŬJ ĵųjğ Ɋk ĵŞńh Aźŏi ȿŦ űû Źi ŪŠɯžjŲ ĵŵŊŇ= h m h û û h û û h h űi Źi Ĵi j ĸk ȿiŽ [źû Ŏh bh ˏjĹųh Šɱh jŪů‹ _j źû hŽ ǓŠ j ? ;h ĵŘŤhȊ‹bh CbAh ʼnh šh ů‹ űi Źi Ŷh ûɀhķ h Šh û h û h Ģ h h ih û h l i h h iğ i m űû ȱ;h ĵŁh ʼnû ũ Ķ j ɮjŭů‹ ŮŸįʑ ̏ `źšŶ஠Aźŵǽ ĵųjķ Ĭ‹ h û h h iûi û i i ğ k q h û i h ikhi hi i h Ķ j Š ɮjŭů‹ ŴŲj `źŧƛ űļŶŬ ĵųjɊ ˊǞjĿŬ űȲů ǻj ȼŽ ĵȍźŎK h h l iûhh ğ h k i hm h ûh x Šɮjh ȡbh xKźiŵ jĬ‹ Ķ ŴjŲ űȱ;ĵŁ ʼnũ ˏ Ǟ p j ĿŬ ŴŠ AźŧšɆb h ğ hi i ih h û hhğ h iğ x ĸŲĠ űj Š ʄŏɉ‹ ŮĸŎ ÿŷŵŠʆŗjK şĸȩ‹ Ŵj Ų Ĭ‹ jŷjķ djʼnŹû Ȭh ̐ ǻ j hŠ û û h h h i û û Ġ h k i Ǔj? űŹj ŽjʼnŹɆb ĀjŷjŵJjıjȨ jKźĠȍ‹ Ǔj? ĺ j Š ʅŰŞů‹ Ŵjh Ų űŹi Łŋj ňɆi bh i hğ ğ lmi h h ğ h h h û hğ h û Ġ h `j? Aźɉĵũ ŴŽjȑ‹ ŋŧȱ ʼnŪů ̑ ˈž źh Ÿ Ĭ‹ j p jŪļŏŲ Qp Š ɷŔ h h ûi h ğ h û i i jŏųh û ɉ‹ IAKh = `j? ĵnZe žû ő jĬ‹ Ŵjh Ų ūj Űųû Ȭh Ŵųh ȯ Ůũ űô h Ɇh ŋû Ɋh Ŵi Ȩ‹û Ńž hû i h jŏųh û ɉ‹ ūjh ŰŹû Ȭi `h= j Ɓ‹ Ǎj ŴŲh bh ÿŷi Ųğ =bh űh Ɇh ŋû Ɋh Ŵh Ȩ‹û Ńž P˱ hû iûh i ûi ğ h q h h h ğ ū j Ɓ‹bh D ĵŲh Ũi Űƞ ô ĵųh Źi Ŷh ûɀhķ ĵŲh bh P˱ ŰɊ jĬj b ñĵšžjƦ j Š ʆŠʅŏɉ‹ h û h k h i h iğ h im hh h i x ʼnhũ p;ƾ û ȁ ȇ IźŹi hȎ‹ ĺ j ůĵũbh ̒ ŋŽj j Š Ĭ‹b ô ;ĵŒȹ i ik h i h h ûi ii Ģ ğ hh ğ li Ģ hûh i ûh Š hŠ h ğ h űȲķjŊšȬ űj ŰŦ Ůũ ÿô aİʪjń=b jĬ‹ AİʭķɁ ŴƗ cŋɻȍ‹b

the prayer and bringa the purifying charityb and believe in My messengers and rally to them and lend Allah a good loan, I will most surely remit your evil deeds and most surely enter you into Gardens beneath which rivers flow. But whoever of you denies afterwards, then he has certainly strayed from the right way.” 13 So on account of their violation of their covenant We cursed them and made their hearts hardc, (for) twisting the words out of their contexts, and they forgot some of what they were reminded of. And yousg will continue to view treachery on their part except for a few of them, so pardon them and overlook. Indeed, Allah loves those who excel in doing good. 14 And from those who have said, “We are Christians,” We took their pledge. But they forgot some of what they were reminded of, so We provoked enmity and hatred among them until the Day of Resurrection, when Allahd will inform them of what they used to do. 15 O People of the Scripture, Our Messenger has come to you, clarifying for you much of what you kept hidden of the Scripture and overlooking much. A light from Allahd has surely come to you, and an Evident Scripture 16 with which Allah guides whoever has followed—(for) His good pleasure—(to) the ways of peace, and brings them out of darkness (es) into light, by His permission, and guides them to a straight path. 17 Most surely, those who said, “Allah is the Christ, son of Mary,” have denied (faith). Saysg, “So who could have prevented Allah, had He wanted to annihilate the Christ, son of Mary, and his mother and everyone on earth?” For to Allah belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth and whatever is between them. He creates whatever He wills, for Allah is All-Powerful over everything. 18 Moreover, the Jews and the Christians said, “We are the children of Allah and are His beloved.” Saysg, “Why then does He punish you for your misdeeds?” Rather, you are but human beings from among those He created. He forgives whom He wills, and He punishes whom He wills, for to Allah belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth and what lies between them, and to





The Qur’an always uses verb ‘to bring’ rather than verb ‘to give’ in association with charity; this should be pondered by the reader. b The Arabic word used is zakāt, which denotes purification and growth. Qc Hamza and Al-Kesa’i read it as: “. . . their hearts fake,” or “. . . their hearts very hard,” as the way they pronounced the Arabic word qaseyah may mean ‘very hard’ or ‘fake’. d A grammatical shift from 1st person to 3rd person. a

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h h m h û i ii i h= Ůû hķ űȲ x h h ȵ űļŵ ;i ĵŒhȹ Ŵųjh ɉ ŋi jŧŤȬh ô Ũh ŰŇ Ŵû ųjğ Ɋk Ǭ ˌ j ɅźŵŊjķ hû i û i ğ h im hh h i k hih h h ğ ū j Ɓ‹bh D ĵŲh bh P˱ ŰɊ jĬj b ô ;ĵŒȹ ŴŲ BjŊšɆb j Š ʆŠʅŏɉ‹ h û h h ihûh h Šh hû Ģh i m i ŕj ųh û ɉ‹ jŷûȎ˯ ðĵųŹŶɀķ ʑ űû ȱ;h ĵŁh ʼnû ũ Ķ ɮj ŭ ů‹ Ů Ÿ į ̓ Ǟ j h h l i ih h i ih i i k hȼiŽ ĵhȍź h û ȯh ȇ Ġ Ŵjh Ųk p ˅Ǜ Š h űû Ȳ ŎK ůǻ ĵŲh AźɉźŪȩ `= Ůj Ŏi ŋɉ‹ j h m m h h hh h i h h û hh h x Ŋj hŵbh xǞ jŒhȵ űȱ ;ĵŁ ʼnŪȯ ˌŋŽj ñ ŋŽ p jŒȵ Ŵü Ųj ĵŵ;ĵŁ p Ŋŵ ƅb Ǟ k i Šh h i ğ h h Š h i h h û x ʼnhũ ;p ƾ û h ȁ ĀjŷŲj źû Ūj ů ƽź Ɋ ^ĵũ J˯ ̔ ŋŽj j ȇ Ĭ‹b h mh h h û i û h h h i h ğ h l i û ;ĵžjĸ˩= űȲžjȯ Ůšh Łh Jj? űû Ȳžû ŰŠ jĬ‹ Ĺųh šjû ŵ Abŋi ŬJ‹ _j źû ŪŠɔ h q i Ġ i hh h û h ğ i h hŴjŲk Aʼnq ńh = D j İiŽ űû ɉ ĵŲ űȲŠƋĻA;h bh ȢźŰŲ űȲŰšŁbh h h û l i i û j û hŠh h ųhۊɿh ûů‹ hĶļh Ŭh Ʋů‹ğ Ĺh Ŏh ʼnğ Ūh ųi û ɉ‹ P˱ Ɓ‹ AźŰŇI‹ _źŪɔ ̕ ǻ j j h h h l l i h h h h û hû Ģ h h i h iğ h Ǫj Š ɗh Aźĸji ŰŪŶ ŴɆ ļȯ űȡjKĵķI= ȇ AbʼnĠ Ļŋû Ļ ƅbh űû Ȳů Ĭ‹ j h i ğ h ğ h ğh qûh h ğ Ģ h i h l i h ĵŹh ŰŇʼnû ŵ Ŵů ĵŵ˯ ŴɆ jKĵĸŁ ĵŲźũ ĵŹžjȯ `j? ƽźųŠɔ Aźɉĵũ ̖ l ûh h l ûh ğ h h h h i h ğ h Š ń ^ĵũ ̗ `źŰjҊɘ ĵŵjıŦ ĵŹh Ŷjû Ų AźŁi ŋi ƞ `jıŦ ĵŹh Ŷjû Ų AźŁi ŋi ƞ Ʋ h l i i û h ûh h iğ h h û h i hh h ğ h h AźŰŇI‹ ĵųŹj žŰŠ Ĭ‹ űšȫɁ `źŦĵƞ ŴŽjȑ‹ ŴjŲ `j ƆŁi Kh ğ hh h i Šh û i ğ h i i iû h h h h h hû i ûh h jĬ‹ ȇbh `ź ô ĸj Űɣ űȲŵjıŦ aźųļŰŇI AJjıŦ BĵȊ‹ űŹj žŰŠ h ğ Ģ h i h l i h h ŶŲj İû ŲĠ űļŶ i Ŭi `? l Aźm iȣğ źh ļh ȯh Ŵů ĵŵj? ƽź ųŠɔ Aźɉĵũ ̘ ǻj j m h Šhh h Ġ h h h h û h û h h l i h ğ qhh m h h i û ğ ƆjļʂŦ ūɅKb ĺŵ= ĶŸJĭŦ ĵŹžjȯ AźɊAI ĵŲ AʼnķɁ ĵŹŰŇʼnŵ ûh ğ i h mh k k h h h h i h hi h ğ ƿj ŧȫ ƅj? ūj ŰɊû = ƅ ƭj j ? B j K ^ĵũ ̙ `bʼnjšŠɥ ĵŶŹŠɪ ĵŵj? ğ h h h h Ū jŏŠʁh ûů‹ _j źû Ūh ûů‹ ǻ h û Ʌh bh ĵŶh Ŷh ûɀhķ \û ŋi ûŦĭhŦ ƹj h=bh ĵŹh ȫjıŦ ^ĵũ ̚ ǻ j ˌ ûh h h h hû h h i h qh h h hû ûh h f h hi MįĻ ƆŦ P˱ ˏ j Ɓ‹ Ǎj `źŹžjȽŽ õ ĹŶŎ ǻjšɅK= űõ û Źj žŰŠ ĹŲŋğ Ƥ hh h ûh û hhh û ûh h iû h h Ū jŏŠʁh ûů‹ _j źû Ūh ûů‹ ȇ _h IA;h ƴ Ȩ‹ įĸȫ űŹj žŰŠ ŮĻ‹bø ̛ ǻ j h û h h h i h q i h û hû Ŵjh Ų Ůĸğ Ūļh Ȭi űû ɉbh ĵųjh Ÿʼnj ńh = Ŵjû Ų Ůjĸk Ūļi ȯ ĵȫĵɅh ŋû ũ ĵɅh ŋğ ũ Jj? Ũj k ơĭ jķ h h û h h h h h h ğ iû h Ūļğ ųi ɉ‹ Ŵjh Ų Ĭ‹ i ğ Ůi ĸğ Ūh ļh Ȭh ĵųh ȫğ ? ^ĵhũ ū ǻ j ð ŶŰļȰƁ ^ĵũ ŋj Ň˖‹ j h h ŏh h ȵ Ŵü Ɍhů ̜ h ʼnhŽ řjŎĵĸh ķ ú ĵhŵɁ m ĵŲh ƴhŰļi Ūû h jȋ ]h ʼnh hŽ Ǔğ h ? ĺś dj j p j j j h h i k k û h h i û h m h i h ûh h ğ h hğ h i K= ƭ m ʼnɆ j j j ? ̝ ǻųj ۊɿů‹ BK Ĭ‹ [ĵŇ= ƭj j ? ðūŰļȰƁj ūȎj?

Him is the destiny. 19 O People of the Scripture, Our Messenger has surely come to you, making things clear to you—after a cessation of sending messengers—so that you cannot say, “Neither a herald of glad tidings nor a warner has come to us.” In fact, a herald of glad tidings and a warner has come to you, for Allah is All-Powerful over everything. 20 And recall when Moses said to his people, “O my people, remember Allah’s blessing upon you when He made among you prophets and made you kings and brought you what He never brought anyone (else) in all communities.” 21 “O my people, enter the Holy Land which Allah has prescribed for you, and do not turn on your heels lest you return as losers.” 22 They said, “O Moses, there are certainly tyrannical people in it, and we will certainly not enter it until they depart it. So if they depart it, we will then surely enter.” 23 Two men of those who fear (God) —on whom Allah had bestowed His blessings—said, “Enter upon them by the gate, for as soon as you have entered it, you are then indeed overcomers. And place your trust in Allah if you are believers.” 24 They said, “O Moses, we will certainly not enter it, ever, as long as they are in it. So go ahead, you and your Lord, and combat. We are surely staying behind right here.” 25 He said, “My Lord, I have control only over myself and my brother, so separate between us and the defiantly disobedient people.” 26 He said, “Then surely, it is forbidden for them for forty years as they wander through the land, so do not grieve over the defiantly disobedient people.” 27 And readsg to them the true story of Adam’s two sons: when they offered an offering, so it was accepted from one of them but was not accepted from the other. He said, “Most surely I will kill you.” He said, “Indeed, Allah accepts only from the ones who are mindful (of Him). 28 If you do stretch your hand towards me to kill me, never will I stretch my hand towards you to kill you; indeed, I fear Allah, Lord of all realms. Indeed, I want you to bear my sin and your sin 29 and thus become one of the fellows of the Fire, for such is the repayment for the unjust.” 30 Then His  (inner) self prompted him to kill his brother, so he killed him and (thus) became one of the losers. 31 Then Allah sent a raven scratching up the ground to show him how to cover his brother’s corpse. He said, “Woe to me! Was I incapable of being like this raven and burying my brother’s corpse?” And he



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û hm i h h h i hh h û h h h Ŕû h= Ŵjû Ų `ź Š ɳ ŭ ļ ȯ ū ų ľ˯ ǖ ūj ɉŠəbh ˏjKĵğȍ‹ Ķ j j ľjıjȨ =źĸȩ `= j h hû h i i û h ih û h h h ğ li h h h ųjۊɾů‹ Ģ Ł A>ʵ jŷžjŇ= ŮļȰ ÿŷŏŧȫ ÿȔ 功ğ śȯ ̞ ǻ j h û i iğ h hhh h h hh û h ihhhh ĵķAq ŋh ţ Ĭ‹ Ľšĸȯ ̟ Ŵh ɆǪ j j Šɴů‹ ŴjŲ ŃĸŔįŦ ÿŷŰļŪȯ h h hû h h h h i h ûh i j ů P˱ j ^ĵũ jŷˏ žjŇ= C;h źû Ŏh djKŠʆh iŽ ťžû Ŭ ÿŷi Ɇh Ǟ Ɓ‹ Ǎj ĽŅ ĸȬ j h h h i û h h û i û h h Ģ h û hŠh hi h h hû h i dh jKŠɩh įŦ BA ŰɆźɔ j ŋŤů‹ AŊŠɪ ŮĿjŲ `źȱ= `= DŌłŠ= Ʋ h h h h h ğ h hh û h h h Ųʼnj Šɰů‹ ūj ɉŠə Ůj Łû = Ŵjû Ų ̠ ǻj ŴjŲ ŃĸŔįŦ ˌƹj = C;h źû Ŏh û h û h üh û h h h h h i ğ h h Ģ h û m h Š h h h û h h ōg ŧȫ Ǟ j Ťjķ ˋŏŧȫ ŮļȰ ŴŲ ÿŷŵɁ ŮŽj;ʴŎj? ƴj ķ ȇ ĵŶȼļŬ hû h h h ûh h ğȍ‹ Ůh ļh Ȱh ĵųh ȫğ ɂh ŭ q Ʀh Mĵ h ûŴŲh bh ĵšžj j Ɓ‹ Ǎj Ip ĵŏŦ b= Ŧ P˱ ih i i û i û h m h û h h h q h h ğ h û h m h ğ h h h h h û h ĵŶŰŎK űŹȩ;ĵŁ ʼnŪůb ô ĵšžjƦ Mĵȍ‹ ĵžń= ĵųȫɂŭŦ ĵŸĵžń= hû h h h û q j ĿŬh `ğ ? űğ Ȫi ĺ j Ɓ‹ Ǎj ūj ɉŠə ʼnh šû Ȩh űŹi Ŷjû Ųk ˊǞ P˱ j Šɰjžk hȊĭjķ j h i hi h ğ li h h hğ h i û ih h ğ `ź i h Ŏi Kh bh Ĭ‹ Ģ Ł ĵųȫj? ̡ `źŦǪ ɅjKĵƘ ŴŽjȑ‹ A>ʵ ÿȔź j ųɉ h h h h û l i h hi l ğ h e h j Ɓ‹ Ǎj `źû šh ŏû h ȹbh şh śğ Ūȩ bû = Aźm ĸi Űŕh iŽ bû = Aźm Űļğ ŪȬi `= AIĵŏh Ŧ P˱ hû h l h h i h h h h jˏ Ɓ‹ Ŵjh Ų Aźû ŧŶiŽ bû = ťg Š ʄjŇ Ŵjû Ųk űŹi ŰŁi Kû =bh űû Źj ŽjʼnûŽɁ ūj ɉŠə P˱ Ġ Ǎd û û ih f Ŋh Šh j Cŋjh Ň˖‹ Ǎ űû Źi h ɉbh ðĵžh ȫû Ȑ‹ f Şj Šh BA ̢ űž j j x ŌjŇ űŹɉ l h h ğ ğ hh l ûh h h ğh l hû h `= Aźm ųi ŰŠĭŦ ðűû Źj žû ŰŠ AbKji ʼnŪȩ `= Ůj ĸû Ȱ ŴjŲ AźiķĵĻ ŴŽj ȑ‹ ƅj? h h ğ l AźŪi ȩ‹ğ l AźŶi ŲAh ;h ŴŽj hğ x ńKğ xKźŧi Ȯh Ĭ‹ h ȑ‹ğ ĵŹh ȬĠ ɂʑ Ģ h ̣ űžj Ĭ‹ h l i l hh û i ğ h űû ȲŰšh ů ĀjŷjŰžjȼŎh Ǎj Abʼni Źj Š ɕh bh ĹŰžjŎźh ɉ‹ jŷûȎj? Aźm Ťļh Ȩ‹û bh hû h ğh h l h h h ğ ğ ûi h j Ɓ‹ Ǎj ĵŲğ űŹi ɉ `= źû ɉ Abŋi ŧȱ ŴŽj P˱ ȑ‹ `j? ̤ `źŅji Űŧȩ û l ihûh ih h ihû h q h h h û jĹųh Šɱh jŪů‹ _j źû hŽ BA Ŋ Š Ŵj Ų Āj ŷ ķ j AbʼnļŧȎj ÿŷšŲ ÿŷŰĿjŲb ĵšžjƦ j h f h h û ih h û i û hk ii h l i iûh h h i i ŊŠ űŹɉb ðűŹŶjŲ ŮjĸŪȩ ĵŲ AźŁŋƞ `= `bʼnɆŋj Ž ̥ űx Ȏj = BA h i hh ğ h x h h û i h ðĵ h û h Š h x jŪŲĠ BA ̦ űž ŊŠ űŹɉb ŹŶjŲ ǻŁ j ŋj ɴjķ űŸ ĵŲb jKĵȍ‹ ŴjŲ h l h m û h ih ğ h i ğ h ĵĸh ŏh Ŭ ĵųh j ķ ü ;h AŌh Łh ĵųh Źi Ȭjh ʼnûŽɁ Aźm ši śh ȰĭŦ ĹũjKĵŏɉ‹ b \jKĵŏɉ‹b h h h hĻ Ŵųh ȯh ̧ űžj i ğ bh jĬğ ‹ Ŵh Ųj k Ɔq Š ʃ x ŭńh ŌɆ f ŌŠh Ĭ‹ ŵ Ŵü Ųj Bĵ ñ j h û h h h h ğ ‹ `ğ ıhŦ Ńh ŰŔû =bh Ājŷųj Űŝi ʼnj šû Ȩh h ğ `ğ ? jŷžû ŰŠh Bź i ļi Ȭh Ĭ x ŧi Ȯ Ĭ‹ Kź j ˏ j

became of the regretful. 32 Because of that We prescribed for the Children of Israel that whoever kills a (human) self—unless it is for (murder of) another self or corruption in the land—it is as if he has killed mankind, all together. And whoever gives life to it, it is as if he has given life to mankind, all together. And most surely Our messengers came to them with evident proofs, but very truly after that, many of them are a extremists. 33 Indeed, the punishment for those who fight Allah and His Messenger and rush about in the land spreading corruption is that they be relentlessly killed or crucified or have their hands and feet cut off on opposite sides or be banished from the land. That is a disgrace for them in the Earlier (Life), and for them in the Hereafter is a great punishment— 34 except for those who have repented before youpl apprehend them. So know that Allah is OftForgiving, Bestowing of mercy. 35 O you who have attained faith, be mindful of Allah and seek the means of approach to Him and strive in His way, that you may succeed. 36 As for those who have denied—even if they own whatever is in the earth, all of it, and the like of it with it to ransom themselves with it from the punishment of the Day of Resurrection, it would not be accepted from them, and for them is a painful punishment. 37 They wantb to depart the Fire, but in no way are they to depart it, and for them is a perpetual punishment. And the male thief and the female thief: cutpl their 38 hands as a repayment for what they have earned—a deterrent from Allah, for Allah is Almighty, AllWise. 39 But whoever has repented after his injustice and has reformed, then indeed, Allah accepts his repentance. Indeed, Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Bestowing of mercy. 40 Have you sg not come to know that to Allah belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth? He punishes whom He wills, and He forgives whom He wills, for Allah is AllPowerful over everything. 41 O Messenger, do not be saddened by those who hasten towards denial from among those who said with their mouths, “We believe,” but whose hearts have not attained faith,  who have Judaized—they are and of the ones constant listeners to lies; they are constant listeners to other people who have not come to you; they a b



A grammatical shift from past tense to present tense. A grammatical shift to present tense, which serves to create a vivid portrait of future events. 74

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hû i û i ih hğ ğ h û h û h ûhh h h ğ ū f ńKğ j Ɓ‹bh D P˱ ŰɊ ÿȔ Ĭ‹ `= űŰšȩ űɉɁ ̨ űžj j Š ʆŠʅŏɉ‹ k i Šh h i ğ h i m h h h i û h h i m h h h i k h i û h ȁ p;ƾ j ȇ Ĭ‹b ñ ;ĵŒȹ Ŵųj ɉ ŋjŧŤɆb ;ĵŒȹ ŴŲ BjŊšȬ h h iûh h i i ğ hĠhĢh x ʼnhũ h ȑ‹ğ ūŵ Š h i ȹ ŴŽj Ǎj `źŠi ŋj ɹ ŌƘ ƅ ^źŎŋɉ‹ ĵŹȬɂʑø ̩ ŋŽj l i h h ğ h ûh ûi û ûi h ŴjŲİĻ űû ɉbh űû Źj jŸŠʆh Ŧįjķ ĵŶğ ŲAh ;h Aźm ɉĵũ ŴŽj ȑ‹ ŴjŲ ŋj ŧȲů‹ h û h i ğ h l i h h ğ h h û ii ii h ğ `źši Š ʅŎh Bj j ŊŭŰj ɉ `źšŠʅŎ Abõ IĵŸ ŴŽjȑ‹ ŴjŲb űõ ŹɅźŰũ h û h i i h iûh ûh h h h û h ʼnj šû Ȩh Ŵü Ųj űjh Ȁů‹ `źŦŋj k hƘ ð]ź ĻɂŽ űɉ ŴɆŋj ŇA; ˉg źŪj ů ğ i h h Šh û i i û h i i h hûi h i Ŋi ň ai źû ĻİĻ űû ů `˯ ab Ŧ AŊɪ űļɀj Ļb= `j? `źɉźŪȬ ĀjðŷjšŗA j źh Ɋ h h h hh l h û h hû iğ ğ jIŋj iŽ ŴŲh bh Abô Ki Ŋńĭ Ŧ jĬ‹ Ŵjh Ų ÿȔi ūj Űųû ȩ ŴŰŦ ÿŷi ļh ȿļj Ŧ Ĭ‹ h i ğ h h h i i h Ģ l ne û h h Űũ ŋh Źk śh Ȭi `= Ĭ‹ i ğ jIŋiŽ űû ɉ ŴŽj h ȑ‹ ū Ǎj űû Źi ɉ űô û Źi Ʌź j Ɍʤb= ô ĵZžő j j h h h ğ f ŊŠh j Cŋjh Ň˖‹ Ǎ űû Źi ɉbh d û hûĠ x Şj Šh BA `źši Š ʅŎh ̪ űž ð x ŌjŇ ĵžȫȐ‹ j h û h û Ġ h iŠğ h i û h h im h űû Źi Ŷh ûɀhķ űȲńĭ Ŧ ]b;ĵŁ `jıŦ ĺ ˏ j ŅŏŰj ɉ `źŰɦ= Bj j ŊŭŰj ɉ q h h Ġ i h hh û iûh û ûi h û û h h ðĵnZžû ő ]b ǴŽ ŴŰŦ űŹŶȭ Pŋj šȩ `˯ ðűû Źi Ŷû ȭ Pŋj Š= bû = û û Ġ Ƙi Ĭ‹ h ğ `ğ ? ř ihûh i û h h û h h û Ķj j ˏ j ŏjŪůĭjķ űŹŶɀķ űȲńĭŦ ĺųŭń `˯ h h i k hi hûhh h Šbh ū h ś jŏŪû ųi û ɉ‹ h ȯ Ĺi Š ƊKh źû ȋ‹ ğ űi Ÿi ʼnŶj ĵŹžj ŵźųjŭƘ ťžȡb ̫ ǻ j i i ğ h ğ û h h m h h ūjɌʤĢ bl = ĵŲh bh ôūj ɉŠə ʼnj šû Ȩh Ŵü Ųj `źû ůźh ļh Ȭh űğ Ȫ jĬ‹ űi Ȳńi i û h x i h q i h hŠ h û ğ hû h h m ğ h ŶŲj İû ųi û ɉĭķ űi ȲƘ ô Kź ŵb cʼnŸ ĵŹžjȯ ĹƊKźȋ‹ ĵȍŌŵ= ĵȫj? ̬ ǻj j h Ġ Šğ ğ h l i h h ğ l i h û h h ğ h Ġ ğ `źžj Ŷɐŋɉ‹b AbIĵŸ ŴŽjȓj ɉ AźųŰŎ= ŴŽjȑ‹ `źžjȼȍ‹ ĵŹh j ķ l i û i û h i hûhû h hh l i h ğ h Š jŷžû ŰŠ AźŵȢbh jĬ‹ Ķ ɮj Ŭ Ŵj Ų AźŞjŧŅļŎ‹ ĵųjķ KĵĸńƁ‹b j h l û h h ğ li h ûh hh hm h h i h i h Œû h ȶ ƅbh `źû Œh ҋ b Mĵȍ‹ AźŒƛ ƆŦ ô ;AʼnŹő Ʋj Š ɔ˲ AbǛ j h i h h h iğ i h i ûh ûğ hh q h qhh h = m ĵųh ķ űȲ űi Ÿ ūjɌʤĢ bl įŦ Ĭ‹ ^Ōŵ Ƙ űů ŴŲb ô Ɔžj Űũ ĵŶųȪ j h h m h û û û ğ h û û h hûh hh h ōj ŧğȍĭjķ ōh ŧğȍ‹ `= ĵŹžj ȯ űŹj žŰŠ ĵŶȼļȡb ̭ `bŋi jŧŠʃů‹ hû iiû h iiû h hû ûhû hûhû h Ŵğ ŏɉ‹ j k bh `j JƁĭjķ `JƁ‹bh ťŵ j Ɓĭjķ ťŵƁ‹bh ǻ j šůĭj ķ ǻšů‹b h x h h i iû h k k h h xh ğh hih CKĵŧŬ źŹȯ Ājŷjķ \ʼnğ ŕh Ļ Ŵųh ȯ Oĵ j jķ ô ŕj ũ GbŋƠ‹b Ŵj ŏɉĭ h i ğ ğ h h m h h iğ i h i û û h = ĵųh ķ űȲ űi Ÿ ūjɌʤĢ bl įŦ Ĭ‹ ^Ōŵ Ƙ űů ŴŲh bh ÿô Ȕi j

distort the words out of their context, saying, “If youpl are given this, then take it; but if you are not given it, then beware.” And whomever Allah wants to put to trial, yousg will be powerless against Allah on his behalf. Those are the ones whose hearts Allah did not want to cleanse. For them is disgrace in the Earlier (Life) , and for them is a great punishment in the Hereafter. 42 They are constant listeners to lies; they are constant devourers of illicit earnings. So if they come to you sg, then judge between them or disregard them. And if you disregard them, then they will not harm you in any way. Yet if you judge, then judge between them justly. Indeed, Allah loves the just pl. 43 But how do they come to yousg for judgment when they have the Torah, in which is Allah’s judgment? Yet they turn away after that. And in no way are those believers. Indeed, We sent down the Torah, wherein is 44 guidance and light by which the prophets who submitted a themselves (to God) judged those who Judaized, and (so did) the Godlyb (scholars) and the rabbis, as they were required to preserve Allah’s Scripture and were witnesses to it. So dopl not fear mankind, but fear Me. And do not purchase, in exchange for My signs, a small price. And whoever does not judge according to what Allah has sent down, then those c are the deniers. 45 And We prescribed for them therein: that the lifed is for the life, and (that) the eye is for the eye, and (that) the nose is for the nose, and (that) the ear is for the ear, and (that) the tooth is for the tooth, and (that) for wounds is fair retributione. But whoever donatesf it, then it is an atonement for him. And whoever does not judge according to what Allah has sent down, then thoseg are the unjust. 46 And in theirh footsteps We sent Jesus, son of Mary, confirming what preceded him of the Torah. And We brought him the Gospel, wherein is guidance and light, and confirming the Torah that preceded him, and a guidance and an admonition to the ones who are mindful (of God). 47

Literally ‘became Muslims’.  Literally ‘Lordly’. c A grammatical shift from singular to plural. d The Arabic word used is nafs, which means ‘self’, referring to the human life. Qe Al-Kesa’i read it as: “. . . therein: that the life is for the life, and the eye for the eye, and the nose for the nose, and the ear for the ear, and the tooth for the tooth, and for wounds fair retribution.” All except for Nafieʻ, ʻAsem, Hamza, Khalaf, Al-Kesa’i and Yaʻqub read it as: “. . . and for wounds fair retribution.” f Whoever waives it as charity. g A grammatical shift from singular to plural. h The prophets of the Israelites. a

b

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h i Šğ h šķ űjŸŋŠ ɒAh ;h ȇ Ģ h h ĵŶh žû ŧğ Ȱh bh ̮ `ź űh Ɇh ŋû Ɋh Ŵj ûķ‹ ƿɀ ųj Űɾů‹ jj j û h i hûh h h Š h ûğ h û hh hûh hk q k h i jŷžjȯ ŮžƑ j ƃ‹ j ŷŠɰžȩA;b ˌĹj ƊKźȋ‹ ŴjŲ jŷŽʼnŽ ǻȨ ĵųj ɉ ĵũjʼnŕɊ qi h û Ȩh ĵųjh k ɉ ĵũjq ʼnk ŕh Ɋi bh xKźiŵbh cʼnq Ÿi ğ Ŵjh Ų jŷûŽʼnh hŽ ǻ cʼnŸbh jŊƊKh źû ȋ‹ û i û h û i û hû h hh h mh h Ūļğ ųi ûŰj ků Ĺq Şjh Šźû Ɋh bh ^Ōŵ = ĵųjķ Ůž Ƒ ƃ‹ Ů Ÿ = ű Ȳ Ņ Ȏ b ̯ ǻ j j j j h i ğ h h m h iğ i h i ûh û iğ h = ĵųh ķ űȲ űi Ÿ ūjɌʤĢ bl įŦ Ĭ‹ ^Ōŵ Ƙ űů ŴŲh bh jŷˏ žjȯ Ĭ‹ j k q h i hû h h û h ûh mhûh hh hû ķ Ķ ĵųjh ɉ ĵũjʼnk ŕh Ɋi Ũj k ơĭ j Šɮjŭů‹ ūȎj? ĵȍŌŵ=b ̰ `źŪ jŏŠʁů‹ i û h ûh h e û h i h Šh û h û h h h ûh Ŧ ˌjŷžŰŠ ĵŶųj žŹɊb Ķ űŹi Ŷh ûɀhķ űȲńĭ j ɮjŭů‹ ŴjŲ jŷŽʼnŽ ǻȨ h û m m h û i h h û û ğh hh iğ hh h m h h kŨơ‹ h ğ h h h ŴjŲ ];ĵŁ ĵųȭ űŸ;AźŸ= şjĸȽĻ ƅb ðĬ‹ ^Ōŵ= ĵųjķ ˏj û ki i q Źh Ŷjû Ųbh Ĺq Šh Ǩ i ğ ;h m ĵőh źû h ɉbh ô ĵŁĵ û j űû ȲŶj Ĭ‹ Ų ĵŶh Űšh Łh Ȃj p ů i k i h i m h q qh i h h ğ i h hh û j Š ɧbh CʼnjńŠɩh ĹŲ= űû ȲŰšƠ ðűû ȲŠƋĻA;h ĵŲ Ǎj űû ȡźh ŰĸhȎj ŴȲ h h q h û i i û h ğ h Šh û hû l i h û h i űȲĴi j ĸk ȿži ȯ ĵšžj Ʀ űȲ š Ł ˏ j ɷžƢ‹ AźŪjĸȽŎĭŦ j ŋɊ jĬ‹ Ǔj? D h h hh m h ihûh i û h i ûh i Ŭi ĵųh ķ ^Ōŵ = ĵųjķ űŹŶɀķ űȲń‹ `j =bh ̱ `źŧj Űļh ƛ jŷžjȯ űû ļŶ j h h h m h û ğ û h h h Ŷi ļŧȬh `= űû Ÿi Kû Ŋń‹ û bh űû Ÿi ;h Aźh Ÿ= şû ĸȽĻ ƅbh Ĭ‹ iğ Ŗj šû Ȩh Ŵü ȭ ]ź j j h iğ i i h ğh ûh û h lûğ h h h h iğ h h m h h = ĵŲ `= Ĭ‹ ʼnɆŋj Ž ĵųȫɁ űŰŠĭŦ Aźůźh Ļ `j ıŦ ðūûȎj? Ĭ‹ ^Ōŵ ğ û ii h i hh ûh ih i q j ĿŬh `˯ j ğȍ‹ Ŵjh Ųk ˊǞ `źŪ jŏŠʁů Mĵ ñűŹj j ɅźŵJ Ŗj šĸjķ űŹĸžŕj Ž h h iû ğ h û û i hh jĬ‹ Ŵjh Ų Ŵi ŏh ńû = Ŵû Ųh bh `ź ô ŤĸȬh jĹžjğ ŰŹj Šɲů‹ űh ȲŅŦ= ̲ h h ğ h l û hk h Ģ ƅ AźŶi ŲAh ;h Ŵh Žjȑ‹ ĵŹh ȬĠ ɂʑø ̳ `źŶji ũźiŽ ˉp źû Ūj ů ĵųq ŭńi h ihû l i ğh û h i m û h û i i û h h m û h Ģ ŋh Š ɻh ğȍ‹bh Iź Ŗ ŹȎ‹ AbŊň j ļȩ ˏ p šȨ ;ĵhȎj b= űŹŘšȨ ò ;ĵhȎj b= c h û ğ h i k i hhh hh h ğ ‹ `ğ ? űû Źi Ŷjû Ų ÿŷi ğŵıhŦ űû ȲŶj _h źû Ūů‹ djʼnŹû Ȭh ƅ Ĭ Ų űŹɉźļȬ ŴŲb j ñ j ğ i i ğ h x hğ h ųjۊɾů‹ h h ȯh ̴ ǻ h ȑ‹ cǛ Š h iȹ P `źŠi ŋj ɹ ŋŲ űŹj j ɅźŰũ Ǎj ŴŽj j h iğ h x mh i h Ģ h ûh h i i h û Ɲ `źɉźŪȬ űŹj žjȯ `= Ĭ ‹ ƿh šh ȯ ô Cŋh j ɋAI ĵŶh hȼžŕj Ļ `= ǀ û h h hû l Ġ h h m h Šh h l i û i h h j įhŽ AbǦ= ĵŲ ȇ AźŅjĸŕžȯ Āj aʼnj ŶjŠ Ŵjû Ųk ŋp Ɋû = bû = jŃļû ŧůĭjķ ƫ m h i Ģ h h lm i h h h ğ i ih h i h m h Ųʼnj Šɓh űû Ź jŏŧŵ = Ǎj ;j ƅİʧ = AźŶŲA; ŴŽjȑ‹ ^źŪɆb ̵ ǻj j h h l h û i hh û iğ û hû h û h ğ û śh ĸńh űû Ȳ i h h ğ ĺ j ô šųɉ űŹȫj? űŹj j ŶŠʅŽɁ ʼnŹŁ jĬĭjķ Aźųŏũ= ŴŽjȑ‹

So leta the people of the Gospel judge according to what Allah has sent down in it. And whoever does not judge according to what Allah has sent down, then thoseb are the defiantly disobedient. 48 And We sent down to you sg the Scripture with truth, confirming whatever scripture that preceded it and an overseer over it. So judge between them according to what Allah has sent down, and do not follow their whims instead of the truth that has come to you. For each of youpl We have assigned a legislation and a method. And had Allah willed, He could have made you a single community, but in order to test you through what He has brought you; so race towards good works. To Allah is your return, all of you, then He will inform you regarding whatever you used to differ over. 49 So judge sg between them according to what Allah has sent down, and do not follow their whims. And beware of them lest they lure you away from some of what Allah has sent down to you. But if they turn away, then know that Allah wants to afflict them for some of their misdeeds. And most surely, many people are defiantly disobedient. 50 Is it the judgment of (the era of) pagan ignorance that theyc desire? And who is better than Allah in judgment for people of firm faith? 51 O you who have attained faith, do not take the Jews and the Christians as allies; some of them are allies of one another. And whoever of you allies himself with them is indeed one of them. Indeed, Allah does not guide the unjust people. 52 So yousg see those in whose hearts is sickness hastening towards them. They say, “We fear that the wheel of fate may turn against us.” But hopefully Allah will bring about the conquest or something else from Himself, whereupon they will regret what they concealed within themselves. 53 And thosed who have attained faith saye, “Are these the ones who swore by Allah their most solemn oaths that they are very truly with youpl?” Their deeds have been nullified, so they became losers. 54 O you who have attained faith, whoever of you turns back from his religion—then Allah will bring a people whom He loves and who love Him, humble pl towards the  towards the deniers. They strive believers, mighty



Hamza read it as: “And so that the people of the Gospel may judge according . . .” A grammatical shift from singular to plural. Qc Ibn ʻAmer read it as: “. . . that youpl desire?” Qd Nafieʻ Ibn Kathir, Ibn ʻAmer and Abu Jaʻfar read it as: “Those who have . . .” Qe Abu ʻAmr and Yaʻqub read it as: “And (hopefully) those who have attained faith will say . . .” Qa b

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h h l i ĸh Ŕû hįhŦ űû Źi iۊʅh Šû h= h ȑ‹ğ ĵŹh ȬĠ ɂʑ h Ǫj Š ɗh l AźŅ Ģ ̶ ŴɆ ŴŲh AźŶi ŲAh ;h ŴŽj j h i i ğ ƫûįhŽ [h źû ŏh hŦ ĀjŷjŶŽjI ŴŠh űû ȲŶj iűû ŹĸjĠ Ƙi ˉźû Ūh ķ Ĭ‹ Ų ʼnğ Ļŋû hŽ p j j h û hh ğ h h û iû hh ğ h mih Ġ ih h ŋjŧŠʃ ů‹ ȇ ˅g ŌjŠ= ǻj ŶŲj İųɉ‹ ȇ Ĺg ůjJ= ÿŷŵźĸŅ ŴɆ j Ɇb j h h m h h h i hh h i Šh i ğ h h h ūj ɉŠə ˈˏ p j ɋƅ ĹŲh źû ɉ `źŦĵƞ ƅbh jĬ‹ Ůž j j ȼŎ Ǎj `bʼnŹj ɲŽ ğ i ğ bh ;i m ĵŒh h ȹ ŴŲh jŷžjȩİû iŽ jĬğ ‹ Ůi Řû hŦ f ŰŠh şjf ŎŠɩh Ĭ‹ ĵųh ȫj? ̷ űžj ô ğ l h i i h i Ġ h ih i ğ űi Ȳ i i Ŏi Kh bh Ĭ‹ h ȑ‹ğ bh ÿȔź `źųž Ȏj b jŪŽ ŴŽjȑ‹ AźŶŲA;h ŴŽj ğ h h h i Šh û i h h Š ğ h i û i h h Š ğ h ğ ^źh ļh Ȭh ŴŲh bh ̸ `ź Ĭ‹ šjŬɚ űŸb CźŬŌɉ‹ `źĻİɆb CźŰŕɉ‹ û ğ h l h h i ğ i h Ŏi Kh bh h ȑ‹ğ bh ÿȔź ̹ `źĸji ۊʀů‹ űi Ÿ jĬ‹ Bh Ōjû ń `jıŦ AźŶi ŲAh ;h ŴŽj i h l i hğ h ğ l i ğh h l ih h h ğ h ĠhĢh ûűȲ ŶŽjI AbŊƛ‹ ŴŽjȑ‹ AbŊň j ļȩ ƅ AźŶŲA; ŴŽjȑ‹ ĵŹȬɂʑ û l h i h Šɮjh ŭů‹ AźiĻbi= ŴŽj h ȑ‹ğ Ŵjh Ųk ĵĸq šj hůbh ˊbq Ōi Ÿi űû Ȳj Űĸû Ȱ ŴjŲ Ķ i û h h h ŶŲj İû ŲĠ űļŶ i Ŭi `? Ĭ‹ h ğ l AźŪi ȩ‹ğ bh ;h m ĵhȎj bû h= Kĵ h ŧğ ŭ ů‹b AJ˯ ̺ ǻj ô j h h i hğ jŠh ğ h û iûh h x_źû ũh űû Źi ȫğ ɂķ ūjh ɉŠəh ô ĵĸq šj hůbh ˊbq Ōi Ÿi ĵŸb Ŋƛ‹ CźŰŕɉ‹ Ǔj? űļȬIĵŵ j mğ mğ h i h ûh h i ûh ğ h û hûhĢh ûi Š ƅj? ĵŶjŲ `źųjŪŶĻ ŮŸ Ķ ɮj j ŭů‹ ŮŸįʑ Ůũ ̻ `źŰŪj šȬ ƅ h i m h h hûh h i m h h ğ ğh i h ğ ŲAh ;h `û h= `=bh Ůĸû Ȱ ŴjŲ ^Ōŵ = ĵ Ų b ĵ Ŷ Ȏ ? ^ Ōŵ = ĵ Ų b Ĭĭ ķ ĵ Ŷ j j j j j h i Šh û i h h û h h Šh k k h i i k h i û h û i ūj ɉə ŴjŲ Ǭ p j ȵ űȲĴjȼŵɁ ŮŸ Ůũ ̼ `źŪ jŏɤ űȡǜȱ= h h h h h iğ ihhğ h ğ h eh ih h Ůšh Łh bh jŷžû ŰŠ Ķ Ř j ţb Ĭ‹ ŷŶšů ŴŲ jĬ‹ ô ʼnŶjŠ ĹɅźĿŲ xk h h Ģ h l i h i Š ğ h h h h h h h û h h h h û i i û Ǩ ūjɌʤb= ôDźŤɽů‹ ʼnĸȭb ŋɆjLĵŶƢ‹b CIŋjŪů‹ űŹŶjŲ lmi h û i im h h ğ ;j m Aźh Ŏh ŴŠh ŮĠ ŗh h=bh ĵȫq Ǿh Ųğ Aźɉĵũ űȡb;ĵŁ AJ˯ ̽ Ůž ȼ ŏɉ‹ j j l i h h ûh û ih ûi û l i h ğ hh ğh h ğ h iĬ‹ b Ājôŷjķ AźŁŋŇ ʼnũ űŸb ŋj ŧȲůĭjķ AźŰŇI ʼnũb ĵŶŲA; h iiû h l i h h ihû h q j ĿŬh c Š ŋh hĻbh ̾ `ź űû Źi Ŷjû Ųk ˊǞ ųļȲŽ Aźŵǽ ĵųjķ űŰŠ= h h û h û Ġ i û h Šh û i û h û û h i Šhi ōh ȻjȊ ĺ ȹ ô Ņŏɉ‹ űŹj j Űȱ=b `j ɩʼnšů‹b űj ľƃ‹ j Ǎj `źŠŋj ɹ h û h l h i h Ġ Šğ ğ i iŠ h û h û h i h i ĸh ńû Ɓ‹bh `ź Kĵ žj Ŷɐŋɉ‹ űŹƋŹŶȬ ƅźɉ ̿ `źŰųh šû Ȭh Aźŵǽ ĵŲh l i h h h û h h û Ġ i û hh h û û i ûh h Aźŵǽ ĵŲ ōȻjȊ ĺ ô Ņŏɉ‹ űŹj j Űȱ=b űȪƃ‹ j űŹj j ɉźũ ŴŠ û ğ h h i i h h h û ğ ih i ih û Űţ ô Ĺf ůźŰŤû Ųh jĬ‹ ĺ ʼnŽ IźŹȎ‹ ĺ j ůĵũbh ̀ `źši ŶŕhŽ

in the way of Allah and do not fear the blame of any blamer. That is Allah’s grace; He brings it to whomever He wills, for Allah is All-Embracing, All-Knowing. 55 Indeed, your pl ultimate guardian is Allah and His Messenger and those who have attained faith—those who establish the prayer and bringa the purifying charityb while they bow down. And whoever allies himself with Allah and His 56 Messenger and those who have attained faith—then surely the party of Allah are the overcomers. 57 O you who have attained faith, do not take as allies those who take your religion for mockery and a game from among those who were given the Scripture before you or the deniers c. And be mindful of Allah if you have (really) attained faith. 58 And when youpl call to the prayer, they take it for mockery and a game. That is because they are people who do not reason. 59 Saysg, “O People of the Scripture, do you resent us only because we have attained faith in Allah and in what was sent down to us and in what was sent down previously, while most of you are defiantly disobedient?” 60 Saysg, “Shall I inform you of worse than that as requital from Allah? (It is the retribution of) the one whom Allah has cursed and upon whom is His wrath, and (those) whom d He made into apes and pigs, and the worshipers of false masterse. Those are in a worse position and further astray from the right way. 61 And when they come to youpl, they say, ‘We have attained faith,’ though they have entered with denial, and they have departed with it. But Allah knows better what they have been concealing.” 62 And yousg see many of them hastening towards sin and hostility and their devouring of illicit gains. Truly miserable is what they have been making! 63 If only the Godlyf scholars and the rabbis would forbid them from speaking sinfully and devouring illicit gains! Truly miserable is what they have been practicing! 64 And the Jews said, “Allah’s hand is shackled.” Shackled are their hands, and they were cursed for what they said! Rather, both His hands are outstretched; He spends as He wills. And most





The Qur’an always uses verb ‘to bring’ rather than verb ‘to give’ in association with charity; this should be pondered by the reader. b The Arabic word used is zakāt, which denotes purification and growth. Qc Abu ʻAmr, Al-Kesa’i and Yaʻqub read it as: “. . . or from among the deniers.” d A grammatical shift from singular to plural. Qe Hamza read it as: “. . . and the servants of false masters.” f Literally ‘Lordly’. a

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h h h Śź h ŏi ûȼŲh iaAʼnh hŽ Ůû hķ l Aźò i ɉĵhũ ĵųh ķ l AźŶi jšiůbh űû ŹŽjʼnûŽɁh ťžû Ŭ Ũi jŧŶiŽ `ĵ ļ j j j h kğ h ûh h i m ğ iû k q h ğ h hh h im hh ūjɅK ŴjŲ ūȎj? ^Ōŵ j ůb ô ;ĵŒȹ j = ĵŲ űŹŶŲj ˊǞjĿŬ `ʼnɆǤ h h û û û m h û ûi û h h h _j źû hŽ ǓŠ j ? ;h ĵŘŤhȊ‹bh Cbh Š ɵšh ů‹ űi Źi Ŷh ûɀhķ ĵŶh žû ŪůɁbh ˊô ŋq ŧȡbh ĵŶq Šɱh ŤŚi h h ûŰj ků ˊKĵ q hŵ l Abʼni hũbû h= m ĵųh ğǿi ˏjĹųh Šɱh jŪûů‹ i ğ ĵŸh hįŧh Śû h= Bŋû Ņ `źû šh ŏû h ȹbh ôĬ‹ j hû ûiû Ġ i h iğ h q h h ğ h ûh h h j Ɓ‹ Ǎj `= źɉb ́ ŴŽjʼn jŏŧųɉ‹ ĶjƘ ƅ Ĭ‹b ôˑIĵŏŦ P˱ h h ğh h l hğ l h û hûh űû Źj j ĻĵnZh j žk Ŏh űû Źi Ŷû ȭ ĵŵŋû ŧȲů Aźû Ūȩ‹bh AźŶi ŲAh ;h Ķ j Šɮjŭů‹ ŮŸ= h ğ l i hh û i ğh ûh h ğh hû h ûhh AźɊĵũ= űŹȫɁ źɉb ͂ űj žjšğȍ‹ ĺ ŊƊKh źû ȋ‹ j ŠɰŁ űû Źi ŠɰŰŇIƁbh û h h h h û k ğ k ûh h i m h h h ûűŹjũźû hŦ ŴjŲ l AźiŰȱ Ɓ űŹj j ɅK ŴjŲ űŹj Ȏj? ^Ōŵ = ĵ Ų b Ůž Ƒ ƃ‹ b j j j j h h mh h û i û k x h h x h h û Ġ x ğ i û i û k û ;ĵŎ űŹŶjŲ ǞjĿȡb ð Cʼnŕj ļŪŲ ĹŲ= űŹŶjŲ űˏ Źj j ŰŁi Kû = ĺ j ƕ ŴjŲbh h ihûh h h h h i mh ûkh i i ğ hĠhĢh ŴjŲ ūûȎj? ^Ōŵ j = ĵŲ Ţj Űķ ^źŎŋɉ‹ ĵŹȬɂʑø ̓ `źŰųšȬ ĵŲ h h kğ h ûğh h h ûh ûh ûğ i ğ bh ÿô ŷi hȋĵh Ŏh K ĺ ūųi ŕj šû Ȭh Ĭ‹ j ŤŰķ ĵųȯ Ůšŧȩ űů `˯ ðūjɅK h hğ ğ h û hû hû ûi ğ h h ŋŧj Š ʃ `j? Mĵ ů‹ _źŪů‹ djʼnŹû Ȭh ƅ Ĭ‹ Ůũ ̈́ ŴɆ ˍ j ȍ‹ ŴjŲ j h ğ l i i Š ğ h û h Šh h û i û h Šh û h û h Ģ h AźųžjŪĻ Ʋń ;g ƾ ȇ űļŏɉ Ķ ŊƊKh źû ȋ‹ j ɮjŭů‹ ŮŸįʑ û h i k ğ k i ûh h i m h h h h Ǥh hůbh űû Ȳ q j ĿŬh `ğ ʼnɆ ˊǞ ñ j ƃ‹ j b j j ɅK ŴjŲ űȲȎj? ^Ōŵ j = ĵŲb ŮžƑ ûh hh û i û h h h h i mğ iûk Mh įĻ ƆŦ ðˊŋq ŧȡbh ĵŶq Šɱh ŤŚi ūjɅk Kğ ŴjŲ ūȎû j ? ^Ōŵ j = ĵŲ űŹŶjŲ l i h h ğ h l ih h h ğ ğ h û û hû hh h ŋjŧŠʃ ů‹ _j źŪů‹ ȇ AbIĵŸ ŴŽjȑ‹b AźŶŲA; ŴŽjȑ‹ `j? ͅ ŴɆ j û h i Š ğ h ğ Š ŋh Š ɻh ğȍ‹bh `ź nZj ĸɻů‹b ŋjj Ň˖‹ _j źû hȎ‹bh jĬĭjķ Ŵh ŲAh ;h Ŵû Ųh c h hh f h hh h i ûh i h h h ͆ `źŵŌh Ƙ űû Ÿ ƅbh űû Źj žû ŰŠ [źû Ň ƆŦ ĵŅjq ۊɞ Ůųj Šbh h m û h h ği q h hû h h û hh m j hķ Ũh Šɯžj Ų ĵŵŊŇ= ʼnŪů ĵųh ǿ ð ƆŎi Ki űû Źj ûȎj? ĵŶh ŰŎh Kû =bh ŮŽj;Ģʴh Ŏû j ? ƴ h h l h i ğ q h ü q h i Ģ hûh i m źŹȩ ƅ ĵųh j ķ ^źŎi Kh űû Ÿ;h ĵŁh ĵŪɆŋj Ŧbh AźiķŊŬ ĵŪɆŋj Ŧ űû Źi ŏi ŧŵ= c l h x i l h i h ğh l h i û űğ Ȫ AźųĠ Ŕh bh Aźųi šh ȯ ĹŶh ļjû Ŧ `źȲĻ ƅɁ Aźm ĸi jŏńh bh ͇ `źŰļi ŪȬh h hĻ i ğ ‹bh űû Źi Ŷjû Ųk xǞjĿŬh l AźųĠ Ŕh bh l Aźųi ȭh űğ Ȫi űû Źžû hŰŠh Ĭ i ğ ‹ Bĵ Ĭ ô j h i i hğ ğ lmi h h ğ h h h û hh i ŕj hķ `j? Aźɉĵũ ŴŽjȑ‹ ŋŧȱ ʼnŪů ͈ `źŰųh šû Ȭh ĵųh j ķ ü Ǟ źh Ÿ Ĭ‹ l i i û h h û m h h i hû h hh hhû h i û i hû Abʼnĸȭ‹ ŮŽj;ĢʴŎj? ƴj ĸŠɔ Ńž jŏųɉ‹ ^ĵũb ðűɆŋɊ ŴȨ‹ Ńž jŏųɉ‹

surely, what was sent down to yousg from your Lord will increase many of them in exceeding all limits and in denial. And We cast between them enmity and hatred until the Day of Resurrection. Whenever they kindle a fire of war, Allah extinguishes it. And they rush about in the land spreading corruption, and Allah does not love corrupters. 65 And had the People of the Scripture attained faith and been mindful (of God), We would surely have remitted their evil deeds and entered them into the Gardens of Bliss. 66 And had they established the Torah and the Gospel and what was sent down to them from their Lord, they would surely have eaten from above them and from beneath their feeta. Among them is a moderate community, but (regarding) many of them—evil is what they do. 67 O Messenger, proclaim what was sent down to you from your Lord; but if you do not, then you will not have proclaimed His messageb, for Allah safeguards you from mankind. Indeed, Allah does not guide the denying people. 68 Saysg, “O People of the Scripture, you have no basis until you establish the Torah and the Gospel and what was sent down to you from your Lord.” But most surely what was sent down to yousg from your Lord will increase many of them in exceeding all limits and in denial, so do not be sorry for the denying people. 69 Indeed, those who have attained faith and those who have Judaized and the Sabians and the Christians—whoever has attained faith in Allah and the Last Day and has acted righteously—then no fearc shall be upon themd, nor shall they grieve. 70 We very truly took a pledge from the Children of Israel and We sent to them messengers; whenever a messenger came to them with what their (inner) selves did not desire, one group they disbelieved, and another group they kille. 71 And they thought that there would be no trial, so they turned blind and deaf. Then Allah granted them repentance and accepted it from them; then (again) many of them turned blind and deaf. But Allah is All-Seeing of whatever they do. Most surely, those who said, “Allah is the Christ, 72 son of Mary,” have denied (faith), for the Messiah





Literally ‘legs’. Nafie, Ibn ʻAmer, Shuʻba, Abu Jaʻfar and Yaʻqub read it as: “. . . His messages . . .” Qc Yaʻqub read it as: “. . . then no fear shall ever be upon them, nor shall they grieve.” d A grammatical shift from singular to plural. e A grammatical shift from past tense to present tense. Using present tense for an old practice emphasizes that it was a tradition frequently practiced. a

Qb

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ğ û ûi h iğ û i ğh h kh hğ i ğ _h ŋğ ńh ʼnû Ūh ȯh jĬĭ Ĭ‹ j ķ ]Ǭ j ȹ ŴŲ ÿŷŵj? ðűȲɅKb ȗj K Ĭ‹ h ğ h h i ğ i Š h û h h h ğ hû û h h h = Ŵjû Ų ǻ h ųjۊɾŰj ͉ pKĵŕŵ ɉ ĵŲb ð Kĵȍ‹ ŷƊbįŲb ĹŶƠ‹ jŷžŰŠ j h h hh i h hğ ğ lmi h h ğ h h h û hğ `j? Aźɉĵũ ŴŽjȑ‹ ŋŧȱ ʼnŪů ŷg Š ɧj? Ŵjû Ų ĵŲh bh ˎ pĹĿŠʄľ Ľj ůĵľ Ĭ‹ ğ l h i h ih ğ h ih h ûğ x h x h mğ h ȑ‹ Ŵğ ŏğ ųh hȎ `ź ŴŽj ɉźŪȬ ĵųȭ AźŹļȿŽ űů `˯ ʼnj ô ńŠɩ ŷŠɧj? ƅj? h f h h û iû l hh ğ h h i ih hhh ļȬ ƆŦ= ͊ űf Ȏj = BA ŊŠ űŹŶjŲ Abŋi ŧȱ jĬ‹ Ǔj? `źɅź û x ŧi Ȯh Ĭ‹ i ğ bh ÿô ŷi hŵbŋi jŧŤû ļh ŏû h ȹbh x ńKğ Kź Ŵi Ȩ‹û Ńi ž jŏųh ɉ‹ ĵŲğ ͋ űžj i i x ih ğ hhûh û Űh Ňh ʼnû hũ ^ź Ġ jŷjŰĸû Ȱh ŴjŲ ĺ ÿŷi ŲĠ =bh ŮŎi ŋɉ‹ ŎK ƅj? űɆŋɊ û h h h h h x h k i h h ğ i i k hȼiŵ ťh žû Ŭ ŋû Şŵ‹ űi Źi ɉ ǻ j ñ _ĵšśů‹ `j ƆȱįhŽ ĵŵǽ ð ĹŪŽjʼnŔ j h h ğ i û h i i h iiûh h ûi Š û i ğ h i `b Ɂ ŋŞŵ‹ űȪ ĺ j Š ɔ˖‹ j I ŴjŲ `bʼnĸšȩɁ Ůũ ͌ `źŭŦİŽ ƭ i h i ûh h h ğ ğ źh Ÿi Ĭ i ğ ‹bh ô ĵšq ŧû ȫh ƅh bh ˊǰ i ųj ŏɉ‹ kq h űû Ȳ şž ů ūj ŰųȬ ƅ ĵŲ jĬ‹ l iûh h h û hûh h ûi i h û Ȯh űû Ȳj i Űšh ûů‹ Ģ Ůũ ͍ űžj Ǟ ŶŽjI Ǎj AźŰŤȩ ƅ Ķ j Š ɮjŭů‹ ŮŸįʑ l Ġ h hh iûh l Ġ h h h m û h l ğ h h hû AźŰŗ=b ŮĸȰ ŴjŲ AźŰŗ ʼnû ũ ˉp źû ũ ;h Aźh Ÿ= Aźm ši j ĸȽĻ ƅbh Ũj k ơ‹ l i h h h ğ h i ğ mh h h l Ġ h h q h Abŋŧȱ ŴŽjȑ‹ Ŵšj ů ͎ Ůž j j ȼŏɉ‹ j;AźŎ ŴŠ AźŰŗb ˊǞjĿŬ h Ģh û m h ü h i h h Šbh Iÿ h Š h h ŮŽj űô h Ɇh ŋû Ɋh Ŵj ûķ‹ ƿɀj bAI `ĵ ;ʴŎj? ƴj ķ ŴŲj j ŏj ɉ ȇ l i h l h h h h h h l i h h h `źû ŸĵŶh ȽhŽ ƅ Aźŵǽ ͏ `bʼni ļh šû Ȭh Aźŵǽbğ Aźŕh Š ĵųh j ķ ūj ɉŠə h ih ûh l i h h h û h i ihh h Ġ h q j ĿŬh c Š ŋh hĻ ͐ `ź ˊǞ ŰšŧȬ Aźŵǽ ĵŲ ōȻjȊ ôaźŰšȯ ŋp ŭŶŲ ŴŠ h û h ğh h h û h l ih h h ȑ‹ğ `h źû ůğ źh ļh Ȭh űû Źi Ŷjû Ųk űû Źi ɉ ĺ Ųʼnũ ĵŲ ōȻjȊ Abô ŋŧȱ ŴŽj h hû h û ûh h iğ h h h û i i i h h i Šh û i `bȒ j ɗ űŸ BA Ŋ j Ŏ `= űŹŏŧŵ= j šů‹ ȝj b űŹj žŰŠ Ĭ‹ řň i h h mhh k ğ h ğ h i ûi l i h ûh h ĵŲh jŷûȎj? ^Ōŵ = ĵ Ų b Ʊ ȍ‹ b Ĭĭ ķ `ź ŶjŲİŽ Aźŵǽ źɉb ͑ j j j jj h h m h i i hğ h i h q j ĿŬ Ŵğ Ȳ ͒ `źŪ jŏŠɤ űû Źi Ŷjû Ųk ˊǞ j Š ɧbh ;h ĵȎh j bû = űû ŸbŊƛ‹ h h h i h û l i h h h ğ k q h Šh h h ȑ‹ğ bh Iź ğ ʼnğ őh = `ğ ʼnh łhȋø j ȍ‹ ŴŽj ŹȎ‹ AźŶŲA; ŴŽjȓj ů CbɵŠ Mĵ j lmi h h ğ l i h h h ğk qğ h ğ ih hûh ğ h hh h l i h û h Aźɉĵũ ŴŽjȑ‹ AźŶŲA; ŴŽjȓj ů CIźŲ űŹɅŋũ= `ʼnł j ȋb Aźð ȡǨ= h h û i ğhh q h û i h h ğ h h Š hŠ h h ğ ƅ űŹȫɁb ĵȫĵĸŸKb ǻ jŏɀŏjj k ũ űû Źi Ŷjû Ų `įjķ ūj ɉŠ ə c ô ŋɻŵ ĵŵj? i h l h m h h i û h ûh h Aźši ųŎh AJ˯ ͓ `b i ğ Ģ ŋh hĻ ^ź c = ĵ Ų ǚj ŭļŏȹ j j Ŏŋɉ‹ Ǔj? ^Ōŵ j

(himself) said, “O Children of Israel, worship Allah,

my Lord and your Lord; indeed, whoever associates with Allah, then surely for him Allah has forbidden the Garden (of Paradise), and his shelter is the Fire. And for the unjust there are no supporters.” Most surely, those who said, “Indeed, Allah is the 73 third of three,” have denied (faith), for there is no god except one God. And if they do not refrain from what they say, a painful punishment will very truly befall those of them who have denied. 74 Will they not repent to Allah and ask His forgiveness? For Allah is Forgiving, Bestowing of mercy. 75 The Messiah, son of Mary, is no more than a messenger before whom other messengers had passed away, and his mother was an unwavering believer; they both used to eat food. Look how We make the signs evident for them, then look how they are (still) averted (from the truth). 76 Saysg, “Do you worship apart from Allah what possesses for you neither harm nor benefit, while Allah is the One Who is the AllHearing, the All-Knowing?” 77 Saysg, “O People of the Scripture, do not exaggerate in your religion beyond the truth, and do not follow the whims of people who have already gone astray before and have led many astray and have (themselves) strayed off the right way.” 78 Cursed were those who denied from among the Children of Israel by the very tongue of David and Jesus, son of Mary. That is because they disobeyed and used to transgress. 79 They used not to forbid one another from any deplorable thing they did. Truly miserable is what they have been doing! 80 Yousg see many of them taking those who deny as allies. Truly miserable is what their (inner) selves have put forth for them, that Allah’s anger fell upon them and in the punishment they abide. 81 And had they believed in Allah and the Prophet and in what was sent down to him, they would not have taken them as allies. But many of them are defiantly disobedient. 82 You sg will definitely find that the most severe of mankind in enmity towards those who have attained faith are the Jews and those who have associated (others with God), and you will find that the nearest of them in  (genuine) love towards those who have attained faith are those who said, “We are indeed Christians.” That is because among them are priests and monks, and because they never act arrogantly. 83 And when they hear what was sent down to the Messenger, yousg see their eyes overflowing with tears for what (others)



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h i i hû h l i h h ğ i h û ihi û h ğ Ŵjh Ų Ŗž ŴjŲ AźŦŋŠ ĵųjɊ jşŲû Ȑ‹ `źɉźŪȬh ˌŨj k ơ‹ jŧĻ űŹŶžȭ= h h ğ h h hûi û h ğh h mhğh ûi h ʼnŹɺů‹ Ŵji Ųİŵ ƅ ĵhȍ ĵŲh bh ͔ ŴŽj j Š şŲ ĵŶȼļȱĭŦ ĵŶŲA; ĵŶɅK h h h ğ h û Ŵjh Ų ĵhŵ;h m ĵŁh ĵŲh bh jĬĭ şh Ųh ĵŶh ɅĠ Kh ĵŶh ŰjŇʼnû iŽ `= şi ųh śû ȫbh Ũj k ơ‹ jķ h hû l û i h h iğ i ih h h ğ jû h ğh h j ۊɻů‹ dŋj Ə ĺ _źŪů‹ j p ŠɰŁ Aźɉĵũ ĵųjķ Ĭ‹ űŹĸŠɒįŦ ͕ ǻŅ h û h û m û ųi ɉ‹ ;i AŌh Łh ūjh ɉŠ əh bh ĵŹžj h ȿ jŏŅ h Ȓj Š ɗh ŋi Š ʇh ûŵƁ‹ ĵŹh j ļûƕ ŴjŲ ǻ ô h ȯ ŴŽj j h Ģh l i m h Šh l i ğ h h l i h h h Ŕû h= ū i Šɳ h ğ h Ķ j Ɍʤb= ĵŶjļɔ˲ AźķŊȡb Abŋŧȱ ŴŽjȑ‹b ͖ m h Šh k h l i k hi h l i h h h ğ h ĠhĢ h hû ĵŲ ĺ j ɭjžŚ AźɊŋj ƕ ƅ AźŶŲA; ŴŽjȑ‹ ĵŹȬɂʑ ͗ űž j Ņ j Ơ‹ i h iğ ğh h h ğ `ğ ? l Abmô ʼni ļh šû ȩh ƅh bh űû Ȳ hŴŽjʼnļh šû ųi û ɉ‹ ĶjĠ Ƙi ƅh Ĭ‹ ů Ĭ‹ Ůń= j ğ q l h h i h h ğ l ii h h ğ AźŪi ȩ‹ğ bh ô ĵĸq žk Śh ƆŠʄńh Ĭ‹ i ğ űi Ȳ m ȑ‹ Ĭ‹ ũLK ĵųjɊ Aźȣb ͘ dj j h ğ i h i û i hi i i h= i ğ űi ȱ m j źŤû Űɉĭjķ Ĭ‹ `ź Ŷj Ų İ Ɋ Āj ŷ ķ ű ļŵ Ǎ Ŋj Ň A İ Ž ƅ ͙ j j h û h i ğ Ġ hi i i Šh ûh û h hð Š ʅh ûŽƁ‹ űi ȩʼnŪȭh ĵųh ķ űȱ Š Ŵ Ŋj Ň A İ Ž Ŵ Ȳ ɧ b ű Ȳj ŶʅŽɁ j j h h h h i h ŭɹ i šh Śû ? ÿm ŷi iĻŋh Šʁğ ŭ h h Šh _ĵ Š h Ųh j CǬ `źųi šj śû ȩ ĵŲh řj Ŏh bû = Ŵjû Ų ǻj Ŧ j h h h û ğ h h hhh i ûh û û iih û û û i ûh ƕ b = ű Ź ȩ ź ŏj Ŭ b = ű Ȳžj Ű Ÿ = Ĺ ĸ Ȱ K ŋɆ ŋ ʼnû ƒ ű ů Ŵ ų ȯ ˌ p j j h h h ğh h h ûh hhh i h h i űô û ļi ŧŰńh AJj? űû Ȳj ŶŠʅh ûŽɁ iCŋh ŠʁŬ ūj ɉŠə ˏˉp ĵğŽɁ jĹĿŠʄľ _ĵ žŕj Ŧ h h i h i ğ i k h i h Šh h û i h Š h û l m i h û h ĀjŷjļŠɔA;h űû Ȳů Ĭ‹ ǻj ȼŽ ūj ɉɶŬ űô ȲŶʅŽɁ AźŞŧń‹b h h û h i i ûh û i ğhh h ĵųh ȫğ ? l Aźm Ŷi ŲAh ;h ŴŽj h ȑ‹ğ ĵŹh ȬĠ ɂʑ Ģ ͚ `b ŋŭŒȶ űȲŰšů ŋi ųû Ƣ‹ j h û ğ h h hƁ‹û bh Ǫ x Łû K űi Š ɧh Lû Ɓ‹bh Bĵ i ŕŵ i j ûɀųh û ɉ‹bh Ŵj Šɽh žû Œɉ‹ Ůj ųh ȭ Ŵjû Ųk ō j h ûi i ğ h ğ i i hğ h û hŦ `= Ŵi Šɽh žû Œɉ‹ ʼnɆ ŋj Ž ĵųȫj? ͛ `źŅji Űŧȩ űû ȲŰšh ů iaźĸi j ȿļh Łĭ m h û û h hhû i hû û û hû Ǫ jj ɀųh ɉ‹bh ŋj ųû Ƣ‹ Ǎj ;h ĵŘŤhȊ‹bh Cbh Š ɵšů‹ űi ȲŶɀhķ şjh ũźiŽ û ğ h û i ğ i hh ğ ŴŠh bh jĬ‹ i h= Ůû Źh ȯh j CźŠ hŰŕɉ‹ űļŵ ŋ Ŭj ˌ j J ŴŠ űȱʼnŕɆb j h l h û h h i ğ l i hh hğ l i hh h h Ġ `jıŦ Abô Ki Ŋń‹ b ^źŎŋɉ‹ AźšžjŚ=b Ĭ‹ AźšžjŚ=b ͜ `źŹi ļŶ Ų h h û ğ û l h h h û h û iû hh i ĸųi ɉ‹ Ţi Š ʄhȊ‹ ĵh jȍźŎi Kh ȇ Š h ĵųh ȫğ Ɂ Aźm ųi ŰŠĭ Ŧ űļȎźĻ ōh ûɀů ͝ ǻ j hh l l lm i h h x h i i h h ğ i h h ȑ‹ğ ȇ AźųjšŚ ĵųžjȯ GĵŶŁ ĺ j Šɳj ۊɻů‹ AźŰųj Šbh AźŶŲA;h ŴŽj l ih hğ l hğ ği Šh Š ğ l i h h l ih hğ l hğ h h AźŶŲA;b AźŪȩ‹ űȪ ĺ j ɳj Űɻů‹ AźŰųj Šb AźŶŲA;b AźŪȩ‹ ĵŲ AJj?

they recognize of the truth; they say, “Our Lord, we have attained faith, so write us down with those who bear witness. 84 And how should we not believe in Allah and what has come to us of the truth, and we ardently hope that our Lord will enter us along with the righteous people (into Paradise)?” 85 So Allah rewarded them for what they said—Gardens beneath which rivers flow, abiding therein; and that is the repayment of those who excel in doing good. But those who denied and disbelieved in Our 86 signs—those are the fellows of purgatory. 87 O you who have attained faith, do not prohibit the good things Allah has made lawful for you, and do not transgress; indeed, Allah does not love the transgressors. 88 And eat of the lawful, good things Allah has provided for you, and be mindful of Allah in whom you are believers. 89 Allah does not hold youpl accountable for idle talk involving your oathsa, but He holds you accountable for your firm binding of oathsb; so its atonement is by feeding ten destitute people from the best of what you feed your families, or by clothing them, or by freeing a slavec. But if anyone does not find (the means), then fasting for three days. That is the atonement for (breaking) your oaths when you have sworn them. So keepd your oaths. Allah thus clarifies His signs for you, that you may give thanks. 90 O you who have attained faith, surely intoxicants and gambling and idolatry and divination are an abomination of Satan’s work, so avoid it, that you may be successful. 91 Indeed, Satan only wants to induce enmity and hatred among you through intoxicants and gambling, and to bar you from the Reminder of Allah and from the prayer; so will you desist? 92 And obey Allah and obey the Messenger and be cautious, for if youpl turn away, then know that the only duty of Oure Messenger is evident proclamation. 93 No sin is committed by those who have attained faith and have done righteous deeds regarding what they may have eaten, provided they become mindful (of God) and attain faith and do righteous deeds, then maintain being mindful (of God) and being faithful, then remain mindful (of God) and excel in doing





Unintended oaths. Shuʻba, Hamza, Al-Kesa’i and Khalaf read it as: “. . . for your binding of oaths . . .” Ibn Zekwan read it as: “. . . for your sustained binding of oaths . . .” c Literally ‘a neck’. d Literally ‘preserve’. e A grammatical shift from 3rd person to 1st person. a

Qb

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h h û ųi û ɉ‹ ĶjĠ Ƙi Ĭ‹ h ȿ jŏŅ i ğ bh l Aźô Ŷi ŏh ńû h=bğ l AźŪh ȩ‹ğ űğ Ȫi Ģ ͞ ǻ ĵŹh ȬĠ ɂʑ j h iğ i i ğhi ûhh l i h h h ğ ğ Ŵjh Ųk ;ǀ i i Ŷh ȩh ʼnj žû ŕɉ‹ űȲŵźŰĸȎ AźŶŲA; ŴŽjȑ‹ ÿm Ȕĵ p û j ȵ Ĭ‹ û ûh ii hh h iğ hh û û i i h h û i ûh Ķ ˏ j žŤůĭjķ ÿŷŦĵƞ ŴŲ Ĭ‹ űŰšhȎj űȲńĵŲjKb űȲŽjʼnŽɁ h h h f h h ihh h h hûh hhû Š ʼnļȭ‹ Ŵųh ȯh Ģ ͟ űx Ȏj = BA ĵŹh ȬĠ ɂʑ ŊŠ ÿŷŰŦ ūj ɉŠə ʼnšȨ c j ğ ğ l AźiŰļi Ūû ȩh ƅh l AźŶi ŲAh ;h ŴŽj i h=bh ʼnh žû ŕɉ‹ iÿŷhŰļh Ȱh ŴŲh bh x_ŋi ńi űû ļŵ h ȑ‹ ô h h iû m h h qkhhĠ i i ûh űi ȲƘ űj šh ğȍ‹ Ŵjh Ų Ůļh Ȱ ĵŲh ŮĿjŲk x;AŌh ł Ŧ Aʼnųj šļŲ űȲŶjŲ h û h h i k û h hh i šh Śh x Cŋh Šʁğ Ŭ bû = jĹĸh šû ŭů‹ Ţjh ۊɐh ˋühŽʼnû Ÿh űû ȲŶj Ų ^p ʼnŠ AbJ Ājŷjķ _ĵ h k h i h ih q h hh h Šh û h û h h Š h h û h h ĵŧȭ Ājñaŋj Ɋ= ^ĵɅb \bŊȎj ĵŲĵžŔ j ūj ɉə ^ʼnŠ b= ǻjŭɹŲ h h žh ȯ Ih ȕh Ŵû Ųh bh ťh Űh Ŏh ĵųğ ȭh Ĭ i ğ űi jŪļȿ x ŌŠh Ĭ‹ i ğ bh ŷô i Ŷjû Ų Ĭ‹ iğ ‹ ŌɆ ô j i h h i h ğ i û hȊ‹û ʼni žû Ŕh űû Ȳ i šh Śh bh ŋŅ ĵšq ŠɮŲh ÿŷi Ųĵ ů Ůjń= ͠ ˉg ĵŪjļŵ‹ bJ j i khû i û h û i ûh h h k i h h ğ ğ h û i ğ űû ļi Ųû I ĵŲh ǚ j ů‹ ʼnžŔ űȲžŰŠ _ŋj ńb ˌjCKĵžŏŰj ɉb űȲů h i h ûi ûh m ğ hğ l iğ h q i i h ͡ `b i ğ Ůh šh Łø Ĭ‹ Ǭƕ jŷȎj? djȑ‹ Ĭ‹ AźŪȩ‹b ñĵŲŋń h û ğ h ğ ků ĵųq Šɱjh ũ _A h ŋh ơ‹ h ŋh ơ‹ h žû hȊ‹û Ĺh ĸh šû ŭ h û ŋh Źû Œɉ‹ hû ĺ j ŶŰj b Mĵ _A ů‹ h h h hû h û hû h h ğ `ğ = l Aźm ųi hŰšû ȋh j ūjh ɉŠəh ʼnh Ɍˁ Ǎj ĵŲh űi Űšû Ȭh Ĭ‹ ô j Ģ Ūů‹b dh ʼnŹɉ‹b i hğ ğ hh j h û h h Š ʆh Š ʅh ŏɉ‹ ğ f ŰŠh ;g ƾ û h Ůk Ȳ ͢ űžj j j j ķ Ĭ‹ `=b P˱Ɓ‹ Ǎj ĵŲb D û i ʼnőh Ĭ‹ h ğ `ğ h=bh BĵŪh jšûů‹ ʼnŽj h ğ `ğ h= l Aźm ųi hŰŠ‹ x ńKğ xKźŧi Ȯh Ĭ‹ ͣ űžj j h i ğ h i Šh h û ğ h i i ğ hh ğ ĵŲh bh `bʼni ĸû ȩ ĵŲh űi Űšû Ȭh Ĭ ‹b ñŢʄȊ‹ ƅj? ^ź j Ŏŋɉ‹ ȇ ĵŲ ğ i h i k ğ h i hû h û h źû ɉbh Ķ žj śů‹b ĽžjĸƢ‹ djźļh ŏû h ȹ ƅ Ůũ ͤ `źųi ļi ȲĻ h hğ l iğ h h hh û h h û iCǜ h ûůhƁ‹û Ƞbl iįʑ h û Ŭh ū Ģ Š Ĭ‹ Aź Ū ȩĭ Ŧ Ľž ĸ Ƣ‹ ĸłŠ= Ķ ɭ j ˏ j j j l ih ûh h l ih h h ğ hĠh h h i ûi û i ğhh Ģ ͥ `ź AźŰnZŏȶ ƅ AźŶŲA; ŴŽjȑ‹ ĵŹȬɂʑ Ņj Űŧȩ űȲŰšů l h i m ûh h h i h i û h i ĵŹh Ŷû ȭ AźŰnZh ŏû ȶ `˯ űû ȱİŏi ȶ űû Ȳů ʼnh ĸû ȩ `j? ;h ĵžh ő= Ŵû ȭ i h h ûi i h û iû iğhi h i ğ bh ñĵŹh Ŷû ȭh Ĭ‹ i ğ ĵŧh ȭh űû Ȳ Ĭ‹ ů ʼnĸȩ `A;ŋŪů‹ ^ǣȬ ǻjń l i h û h ğ i û i ûh k x ûh hhh h û h x Űńh Kź f ŧi Ȯh AźŅĸŔ= űȪ űȲj ŰĸȰ ŴjŲ _źũ ĵŹɉɂŎ ʼnũ ͦ űžj h m h h h h h i ğ Ůh šh Łh ĵŲh ͧ ŴɆ h ŋjŧŠɦ ƅbh pĹĸh j ɋĵŎh ƅbh p ˅Ǟj Ɣ Ŵü Ųj Ĭ‹ ĵŹjķ j

good, for Allah loves those who excel in doing good. 94 O you who have attained faith, Allah will most surely test you with something of the game that your hands and spears reach, that Allah may know who fears Him, though unseen; so whoever transgresses after that—then for him is a painful punishment. 95 O you who have attained faith, do not kill game while you are consecrating yourselves to pilgrimage. And whoever of you kills any intentionally, then a penalty:a the like of what he has killed of domestic animals, as determined by two reliable persons from among you—an offering delivered to the Kaʻbahb —or an atonement: foodc for (some) destitute people or by fasting an equivalent number of days, so that he may taste the grievous consequences of his conduct. Allah has pardoned what has passed, but whoever reverts, then Allah will take vengeance on him, for Allah is Almighty, Capable of vengeance. 96 The game of the sea and its food have been made lawful for you pl as an enjoyment for you and for travelers, while the game of the land has been forbidden for you as long as you are consecrating yourselves to pilgrimage. And be mindful of Allah to whom you are herded. 97 Allah has appointed the Kaʻbah—the Inviolable House—a leverage for mankind, as well as every inviolable month and the offerings and the garlanded; all this so that you may know that Allah knows whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth, and that Allah is All-Knowing of everything. 98 Know pl that Allah is Stern in retribution, and that Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Bestowing of mercy. 99 The Messenger’s only responsibility is proclamation, while Allah knows what you disclose and what you conceal. 100 Saysg, “The nasty and the good are not equal, even though the multitude of the nasty may impress yousg. So be mindful of Allah, O you people of understanding, that you may succeed.” 101 O you who have attained faith, do not ask about things that would trouble you if disclosed to you. But if youpl ask about them while the Recitald is being bestowed from on highe, they will be disclosed to you; Allah has pardoned that,





All except forʻAsem, Hamza, Al-Kesa’i, Ya’qub and Khalaf read it as: “. . . intentionally, then the like of what he has killed of domestic animals (shall do for a penalty) . . .” b For the poor. Qc Nafieʻ, Ibn ʻAmer and Abu Jaʻfar read it as: “. . . or an atonement of food for (some) destitute people or by fasting . . .” d The Arabic word used is Qur’an which literally means ‘recital’ or ‘recitation’. Qe Ibn Kathir, Abu ʻAmr and Yaʻqub read it as: “. . . while the Recital is being sent down . . .” Qa

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SURAH 5- AL-Mâ’IDAH

hh ȇ h űû Źi ɉ

h i h û h l i h h h ğ ğ Šh h h h h h h `bǛ ŧȬ Abŋŧȱ ŴŽjȑ‹ ŴȲ j ɧb ˉp ĵń ƅb pĹŰžŔ j b h h h h h i i ih û h h h û ğ ȱ=b ðBjŊŭů‹ jĬ‹ ŮžjȰ AJ˯ ͨ `źŰjŪšû Ȭh ƅ űû Ÿǜ h l i h i ğ iğ hh h m h h lûh h h ĵŲh ĵŶh iȼŏû ńh Aźɉĵũ ^ź j Ŏŋɉ‹ Ǔ˯ Ĭ‹ ^Ōŵ= ĵŲ ǓŠ j ? Aźɉĵšȩ h i im h h h h mh m hh h q h h h ĵnZžû ő `źųi Űšû Ȭh ƅ űû Ÿ>ĵhķA;h `ǽ źû ɉbh = ô ĵŵ;h ĵhķA;h jŷžû ŰŠ ĵŵʼnû Łh bh h h h ihûh hh i hh l h ȑ‹ğ ĵŹh ȬĠ ɂʑ Ģ ͩ `b űû Ȳžû ŰŠ AźŶi ŲAh ;h ŴŽj ʼnļŹȬ ƅb h h i h û h ğ h ğ i Ġ i h i Ž ƅ ðűû Ȳŏh ŧŵ= jĬ‹ Ǔj? űô û ļi Ȭû ʼnh ļh Ÿ‹ AJj? Ůŗ ŴŲğ űȱǴ h h q h û i i ûh h i h i i h i ͪ `źŰųh šû ȩ űû ļŶ Ŭ ĵųjķ űȲĴi j ĸk ȿži ȯ ĵšž j űȲ š Ł Ʀ j ŋɊ h h h ğ l h i û h i h Šh h i h h h i h h h h h Ġ h û iűȱ Ģ ʼnń= Ǵń AJj? űȲj Ŷɀķ Cʼnʇő AźŶŲA; ŴŽjȑ‹ ĵŹȬɂʑ h û h i û h h h û û i k û h h h Ŷh Ȫ‹û jĹžğ Ŕ `A j źh ɉ‹ ǻjń Dźû ųh ɉ‹ j j ŋŇA; b= űȲŶjŲ ^p ʼnŠ AbJ `ĵ hû h hh i i h= `û ? űû ȡi Ǟû Ȯh Ŵjû Ų h h űû ļŵ j Ɓ‹ Ǎj űû ļi Ʌû ǰ űȲļû ĸh Š ɞįŦ P˱ j j h h h û ûh ğ h ŕj ŲĠ h i h i h i û ˏ j źû ųh û ɉ‹ Ĺi ĸž `ĵ j ų jŏŪžȯ j CźŠ Űŕɉ‹ ʼnj šȨ Ŵü Ųj ĵųŹȫźŏjȼƕ D h h ûi h h h ûh h qh h h ûh h û iûhû ğ Š ŋũ AJ `ǽ źɉb ĵŶųȪ Ājŷjķ dǛ ƅbh ȗ j Œȸ ƅ űļȼĻK‹ `j j ? jĬĭjķ ğ h h Šh h i i û h h ųjľ˖‹ Ŵh ųğɉ AJq ? m ĵȫğ ? jĬ‹ h j Ši `û ıhŦ ͫ ǻ Ģhh ǜ ȇ Cʼnʇő űļȲŵ j j j j j h nh h q û m ğ h h û h i ğ h h Ūh Ųh `ĵŲź h Ūi Ȭh `Aŋh Ňĵ h ȑğ ‹ Ŵjh Ų ĵųh Źi Ɋĵ ŴŽj ZŦ ĵųľj? ĵŪŅļŎ‹ ĵųŹȫɁ j j h m i hh ğ h ļh Ŏ‹ û h jŏŪû ži ȯh ŴŠɱh hůbû hƁ‹û űi Źžû hŰŠh Ũğ Ņ ŨĠ ńh = ĵŶh ȩʼnh Š ʇh Œɉ jĬĭjķ `ĵ ų j j j ğ h ğ q m ğ m h û h h û h h h h Šh h h ųj ۊɾů‹ ͬǻ Ŵųj ɉ AJj? ĵȫj? ĵŶȬʼnļȭ‹ ĵŲb ĵųŹj j Ļʼnʇő ŴjŲ j h ğ l i û h h Ģ h û h h Šh ğ i l i hh h m Š h h j Cʼnh Š ʇh Œɉĭ Iŋh Ļ `= Aźm Ŧĵƞ bû = ĵŹh Źj Łû bh ȇ j ķ AźĻɂŽ `= ƭI= ūj ɉə h h û bh Ĭ‹ h ğ l AźŪi ȩ‹ğ bh űû ŹjŶŠʅh ûŽɁh ʼnh šû Ȩh Ŵ i ğ bh l Aźñ ši ųh Ŏ‹ ü i Š ʅh ûŽɁ djʼnŹû Ȭh ƅ Ĭ‹ ñ j mh h i ihh h i Ġ iğ i h ûh h ûh h Ū jŏŠʁh ûů‹ _h źû Ūh ûů‹ AJĵŲ ^źŪžȯ ŮŎŋɉ‹ Ĭ‹ şųƒ _źŽø ͭ ǻ j h h û h û l i h ûiû i û h ğ mh h h =ū i Ťi ů‹ űi Š ʄğ Šh ĺŵ ð Jj? ͮ Bź ž ŵ ? ĵ ȍ ű Űj Š ƅ Aźɉĵũ ðűļĸŁ j j = j hŠ h h h û h h h i û h ğ h šŠɔh Ĭ‹ ȇb ūžŰŠ Ʋj ųh šjû ŵ ŋû ŬJ‹ űh Ɇh ŋû Ɋh Ŵh Ȩ‹û ƿɀ j i ^ĵũ iû j i h Ġ ğh û h h Šh h i h ğȍ‹ űji kŰȲ Ǎj Mĵ Ļ Mj ʼni Ūů‹ Gb ŋjķ ūĻʼnŽɁ Jj? ūj ĻȐj ɩ û q h û û û h ğ h hh h iûğh û h Šɮjh ŭů‹ ū ŊƊKh źû ȋ‹ b Ĺųŭj ơ‹bh Ķ ļųŰŠ J˯ ð ƆŹû ȡbh ʼnj Źû ųh ɉ‹ û h û h û ğ hûhh k iiûh û ƭj JjıjȨ Ǟ j Ŵjh Ų ŨŰƛ J˯ ð ŮžƑ j ƃ‹ j śů‹ j b j śů‹ jĹnZžŹŬ ǻ

for Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Clement. 102 Surely, some people before you asked (about) them, then of them they became deniers. 103 Never did Allah institute (the superstitions of): the ear-slit she-camel or the free-grazing she-camel or the successive female-bearing cattle or the protected ten-sire camel. But those who denied fabricate lies against Allah, and most of them do not reason. 104 Thus when it is said to them, “Come to what Allah has sent down and to the Messenger,” they say, “Sufficient for us is what we found our forefathers upon.” What if their forefathers knew nothing and were not guided? 105 O you who have attained faith, you are responsible for your (inner) selves; he who has strayed cannot harm you if you are guided. To Allah is your return, all of you, so He may inform you of what you used to do. 106 O you who have attained faith, when death approaches one of you, let two reliable persons from among you act as witnesses to the making of the bequest, or two persons from another people if you are traveling in the land and the calamity of death afflicts you. Summonpl them after the prayer so that they swear by Allah—if you have doubts— (saying): “We will not purchase, in exchange for ita, any price, even if it were a relative, and we never conceal Allah’s testimony; we would then most surely be of the sinners.” 107 So if it is discovered that both of them are guilty (of perjury), then two others deserve to take their place from among those responsibleb for the claim—the two most concerned—and have them swear by Allah, “Our testimony is more truthful than their testimony, and we have not transgressed; we would then most surely be of the unjust.” 108 That makes it more likely that they give the right testimony, or else have fear that their oaths might be contradicted by subsequent oaths. So be mindful of Allah and listen. For Allah does not guide the defiantly disobedient people. 109 On the day when Allah gathers the messengers, then says, “What response were you given?” They saidc, “We have no knowledge; indeed, it is You Who are the Superb Knower of the hidden realms.” 110 When Allah said, “O Jesus, son of Mary, recall My blessing upon you and upon your mother when I aided you with the



Our testimony. All except for Hafs read it as: “. . . from among those who were given the responsibility of the claim—the two . . .” c Frequently the Qur’an addresses the events of the Hereafter in past tense; this grammatical shift should be pondered by the reader. a

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PART 7. THE TABLE SPREAD

SURAH 5- AL-Mâ’IDAH

û û hû i ûih i i hh üh û h i i h h h ŷh ųh ȱƁ‹ @ǚ j ȩb ˌƭj JjıjȨ ˊǞŚ `źŭļȯ ĵŹžjȯ ņŧŶļȯ hû û û Šh û h û i û i û û i ŧû ŧh Ŭh J˯ m j hķ ĺ ƴ źųɉ‹ Fŋj ƛ J˯ ˌƭj JjıjȨ Oh ŋh ûķƁ‹bh ˌƭj JjıjȨ Ș l ihh h ğ h hh h h h Ģh û h û h û Jû ? ūŶ Š ŮŽj;ʴŎj? Abŋŧȱ ŴŽjȑ‹ ^ĵŪȯ ĺ j Šɰjžk hȊĭjķ űŹi ļĴŁ j j ğ h i û h ûh û û Ŏ ƅ? m AŊh Šɪh `û ? űû Źi Ŷjû Ų x ĸŲĠ ŋx Ņj Ǔj? ĺžńb= J˯ ͯ ǻ j j j h l l i h û i ŋh Ʌbh ƪ AźŶji ŲA;h `û = Ŵh āZɆk KAźh ơ‹ hû ʼnû Źh ő‹bh ĵŶğ ŲAh ;h Aźm ɉĵũ Ƞź Ŏ j j j jj h Ġ h hû h h û h i û i hğh h šŠɔh `ź hűɆh ŋû Ɋh Ŵh Ȩ‹û ƿɀ ɆjKAźơ‹ ^ĵũ Jj? Ͱ `źųj ŰŏɊ ĵŶȫɂjķ j h h m h ğ h k q h m h hûh h hkhi h h Ġh i h ûh ûh ^ĵũ ˌj;ĵųŏɉ‹ ŴjŲ CʼnjɋĵŲ ĵŶžŰŠ ^ǣ j Ȭ `= ūɅK şžśj ļŏȹ ŮŸ û h l i hi ğ i Ŭi `? Ĭ‹ h ŶŲj İû ŲĠ űļŶ i ŋiŵ Aźɉĵhũ ͱ ǻj h ğ l AźŪi ȩ‹ğ Ůȱįŵ `= ʼnɆ j j h i hh hhû h h ûh h hh ûhh hi ii ğ h ûhh hû `źȲŵb ĵŶļȰʼnŔ ʼnũ `= űŰšȫb ĵŶɅźŰũ ŴjɌųśȩb ĵŹŶjŲ ğ ğ h hûh h h Š ^ĵh hũ Ͳ ŴŽj h ʼnŹɺů‹ ŴjŲ ĵŹžŰŠ űğ Źi Űɉ‹ űh Ɇh ŋû Ɋh Ŵi Ȩ‹û ƿɀj jŠ h i i h m ğ h k q h m h hûh h û h mhğh q Aʼnžjȭ ĵhȍ `źȲĻ ;j ĵųh ŏɉ‹ ŴjŲ CʼnjɋĵŲ ĵŶžŰŠ ^Ōŵ j = ĵŶɅK h h k qh h h h h h h ğh k ğ Ǟ h ȰLŠɷů‹ h =bh ĵŶh Ȱû Li K‹ û bh ū i û Ňh ĺŵ ǻj ð ŶjŲ ĹŽA;b ĵŵŋjj ŇA;b ĵ jȍbƁj j h i h h ikh i k iğ h h iû ʼni šû Ȩh ŋû ŧȲhŽ Ŵųh ȯ ðűû Ȳžû ŰŠ ĵŹh ɉǣ j Ų ƭj j ? Ĭ‹ ^ĵũ ͳ h i k h mğ k h i mk h û i h h q Ŵjh Ųk Aʼnńh = ÿm ŷi iķjŊŠ= ƅ ĵķAq ŊŠ ÿŷi iķjŊŠ= ƭ j j ıŦ űȲŶjŲ h ğ h h û h šŠɔh Ĭ‹ h h hû h Űû iũ ĺŵ h =;h űh Ɇh ŋû Ɋh Ŵh Ȩ‹û ƿɀ ĺ j i ^ĵũ J˯ ʹ ǻųj ۊɿů‹ i ğ h h û i h h ğ û h Šh h k i h i j ŶŰjğ ɉ ĸŎ ^ĵũ ðjĬ‹ `b I Ŵj Ų ūŶh Šɳ ǻ j j Źɧj? Ǖj =b Țb j Ŋjƛ‹ Mĵ ûi i i h ih û h m i i h h h ÿŷi ļi Űũ ĺŶ Ŭ `j? Ũˏ kg hƔj Ǔj ōh ûɀů ĵŲh ^źũ= `= Ǔ j `źȲŽ ĵŲ h h ûh h ûh h ih û m h h ihûh ihû h û hh ôū jŏŧȫ Ǎj ĵŲ űŰŠ= ƅb ƿj ŧȫ Ǎj ĵŲ űŰšȩ ÿô ŷļųj ŰŠ ʼnŪȯ h h m ğ h i ûi h h ğ h h= ū i Ťi ûů‹ űi Š ʄğ Šh ĺŵ ƴj Ļŋû Ɋh = ĵŲh ƅj? űû Źi ɉ ĺ Űũ ĵŲ ͵ Bź ž ŵj? j h l h i û q h h i h û i ğh h kh hğ ȡb űô ȲɅKb ȗj K Ĭ‹ Abʼni ĸi ȭ‹ `j = mĀjŷjķ AʼnžŹj ő űû Źj žû ŰŠ ĺŶ h h h ğ h h h i hûğhh ğhh û i Ųû Ii ĵŲğ űô û Źj žû ŰŠ Ķžj Ȱŋɉ‹ ĺŵ= ĺŶŬ ƴj ȽžȯźĻ ĵųŰŦ ðűŹj žjȯ ĺ k i Šh h h h h ğ h ûk hi h i f Źőh ;p ƾ û h ȁ ĺŵ=b ð]Iĵĸjh Š űû Źi ȫjıŦ űû Źi ȨjŊšȩ `j? Ͷ ʼnž j j ȇ h û û h h h ğ h û i û ûh h =ū i ğ ^ĵhũ ͷ űžj i ŭơ‹ i Ōšh ů‹ ĺŵ h ŌɆ Ĭ‹ ŵjıŦ űŹɉ ŋjŧŤȩ `˯ j hû x ğ h û i h û i i û h Š ğ i h h i û h h h ŴjŲ dŋj Ə ĺŠɰŁ űŹɉ űô ŹȰʼnŔ j ǻjȰʼnj ɻů‹ şŧŶŽ _źŽ AŊŠɪ

holy spirit, (making) you speak to people while in the cradle and in the prime of manhood; and when I taught you the Scripture and wisdom and the Torah and the Gospel; and when you createa from clay the shape of birdsb, by My leave, then breathe into it so it becomes birdsc, by My leave; and when you heal the born-blind and the leper, by My leave; and when you bring out the dead, by My leave; and when I restrained the Children of Israel from you when you brought them the evident proofs. But those who denied among them said, `This is nothing but evident sorceryd.’” 111 And recall when I revealed to the disciples: “Believe in Me and in My Messenger.” They said, “We have attained faith, so bear witness that We are certainly Muslimse.” 112 And recall when the disciples said, “O Jesus, son of Mary, canf your Lord bestow upon us from on highg a table spread (with food) from heaven?” He said, “Be mindful of Allah, if you are believers.” 113 They said, “We want to eat from it, and so that our hearts are serene, and to know that you have told us the truth, and to be of its witnesses.” 114 Jesus, son of Mary, said, “O Allah, our Lord, send down for us a table spread (with food) from heaven to be a feast for us, for the first of us and the last of us, and a sign from You. And provide for us, for You are the Best of providers.” 115 Allah said, “Indeed, I shall bestowh it upon youpl from on high, but whoever of you denies thereafter, then I shall indeed punish him with a punishment the like of which I never punish anyone of (My creation in) all realms.” 116 And recall when Allah said, “O Jesus, son of Mary, did you say to mankind, ‘Take me and my mother as two gods apart from Allah?’” He said, “Highly Exalted are You! It is not for me to say what I have no right to. Had I said it, You would have known it. You know whatever is within my (inner) self, and I do not know whatever is within Your Self. You are indeed the Superb Knower of the hidden realms. 117 Never did I tell them except what You commanded me: that you shall worship Allah, my Lord and your Lord.

 A grammatical shift from past tense to present tense.  it as: “. . . the shape of a bird . . .” Abu Jaʻfar read Qc Nafieʻ, Abu Jaʻfar and Yaʻqub read it as: “. . . so it becomes a bird . . .” Qd Hamza, Al-Kesa’i and Khalaf read it as: “. . . an evident sorcerer.” e The Arabic word used is Muslimoon which means those who willingly submit to God, regardless of which prophet they followed. Qf Al-Kesa’i read it as: “. . . can you (ask) your Lord (to) . . .” Qg Ibn Kathir, Abu ʻAmr and Yaʻqub read it as: “. . . can your Lord send down to us . . .” Qh Ibn Kathir, Abu ʻAmr, Hamza, Al-Kesa’i, Yaʻqub and Khalaf read it as: “Indeed, I shall send it down to you, but whoever . . .” a

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83

PART 7. LIVESTOCK

SURAH 6- AL-AN‘âM

l i h h û iû h iğ h ğ qhh m h h Šh i hûh û h ûh AźŗKb űŹŶȭ Ĭ‹ ǂj K ðˑʼnķɁ ĵŹžjȯ ŴŽjȒj ɗ ŋŠʇŵƁ‹ ĵŹjļƕ l i h h h h ğ û i û h i û i iğ h ğ ğ q h h m h h û h i Š h û i h h û h û h h i û û h h i ĵŹžj Aźj ŗ űŹ Ŷ ȭ ǂ Š ʆŠKʅbŏɉ‹ ȭ Şj šȯů‹ŴŽjLȒj źû ɗ ŧů‹ ŋŠʇūjŵƁ‹ ɉŠə ĵŹŷô j ļŶƕ D ūŰĬ Ɋ ‹ jĬ j j K͸ðˑʼnķɁűž û û û h h û h h ğ h i i i h û h k i i Š h hh i h iğû h h ğ ū i Ŷȭh h h bh ɉŠP˱ ŷ ə űž Ş š ů‹ L ź ŧ ů‹ ūj D ŰɊʼnũjĬ j j Š ʆŠʅŏɉ‹ ô j ͹ ü ŋŽj ȇ ź Ÿ b Ŵ Ź žj ȯ ĵ Ų Ɓ‹b p;j ƾ͸ȁ ô j j hû h h k h i h h i h Ÿbh Ŵğ Źžjȯ ĵŲh bh P˱ i ʼnũ p;ƾ û ȁȇ Š j ͹ ü ŋŽj ź Ɓ‹b ô j j

And I was a witness over them as long as I was among them, but when You took me up, You became the Watcher over them, and You are Witness over everything. 118 If You punish them, they are Your servants; but if You forgive them, You are the Almighty, the All-Wise.” 119 Allah said, “This is the daya when the truthful benefit from their truthfulness.” For them are Gardens beneath which rivers flow, abiding therein forever. Allah became well pleased with them, and they became well pleased with Him. That is the great triumph. To Allah belongs the dominion of the heavens 120 and the earth and whatever lies in them, and He is All-Powerful over everything.

hûh ih i ˉj ĵšȫƁA CKź Ŏ ˿ ûh h i h i ğ ğ ŎjĬ‹˿ƈ ˉj ŋɉ‹ ĵğ šȫƁA Kź űžj ˵Cŋɉ‹ j ń ğ ğ ˵ ğ jĬ‹ űžj ƈ j ńŋɉ‹  ŋɉ‹ ğ ğ i û hû h hh h h h hû h h h h h ğ ŮšŁb P˱Ɓ‹b D j Š ʆŠʅŏɉ‹  ŨŰŇ djȑ‹ jĬj ʼnųơ‹ h h h h h i û h h h û û h k l Š h Š hh h ğ h h h ğ h ğ i h ğ Ġ h ğ ih iû h Ġ û Ů b ɉjʼnP˱ Ũȑ‹ ŰŇ űȪdjð Kź ȑ‹ȍ‹bjĬj ĺ ơ‹ j Abʆŋi ʅŧŏɉ‹ ̂šŁ`ź šȬ Ɓ‹ űŹj bj Ʌŋh j ķD ȱ ŴŽj j Š ʅʼnųŰŞů‹ h i q û h h h û k h h h l ğ i h h h kğ ğ i i h h h Ġ h h Š ğ h i Ġ h i x h h`ź ̂ ʼnšŁȬ = űDŽ Źj Ģ j Ʌŋjķũ AbűŋȪŧȱ ŴŽjȑ‹ űȪ Kźȍ‹b ĺʅŰŞů‹ ǻj Ů Ł=bh ðɉjƆ p Ś ŴjŲ űȲð ŪŰŇ djj ȑ‹ źŸ h h ğ hi q x ih ğ i h h h i h h Śi h Ŵjû hŲk û űi Ȳ ğ Ģ h h hũi h űğ Ȫi ǻj ğ ð ƆŁhǍ= Ĭ‹ iDŽ ĝ ŏhźŸŲĠ Ůj Łh Š ʆh =Š ʅbhh ŏɉ‹ Ū Ű Ň dj ȑ‹ p D ź Ÿ b ̃ `b Ǜ ų ȩ ű ļŵ = ű Ȫ ÿ a ʼnŶj Š ǖ ð j h h h i h û û i h û ğ i h iğ h i û h i h h û ĝ h Ġh ğû h Ǎh Ĭ‹ i ğ i h û źh h Ÿi h bh û ̃ i h û `b h j Š ʆhi Š ʅh ŏɉ‹ D ȩ űǦ ļŵj = űűŰȪšÿȬð aʼnŶj ǖŏ j j Š Ɓ‹ `źĸ jŏȲĻ ĵŲ űŰšɆb űȡŋŹŁbǛűųȱ P˱ ȝj Ųb h û h i h h h û i h l û i h h ğ i û û k h h h û h û h h h û k û i h hğ û i k û h û h h h h ĸ jŏAźȲ űj ȡŠ ɔA ŋŹ;ŁŴj b Ųűȱ jb ; j ŴjűŲŰűšȬŹj žjP˱ ȩįj Ļ Ɓ‹ ĵŲb ȝ̄ ĵ`ź Ź Ŷȭ ŵǽĻ ĵƅŲj ?űűŰŹj šj ɅɆKb ĺ pĹŽAǦ û h l i û h i h ğ m h û k ğ h h k Š h ûh h û l k i ğ h h h û û h k h hh h h û i ĵ[ Źh h Ŷû źû ȭŏh AźhŦ ŵǽ Źj žjȩįǻ Ļ ĵŗ Ųj bŋš̄Ų ɔA;j ķ ŴjAźŲķŊpĹŽAŬ; ʼnŴjŪŲȯ ű̅ jŨj ơĭ űŸƅ ;ĵj ?ŁűŹj ĵj ɅųKɉ ĺ j h h û h l h û i h m h h hğ h k h û û h û h l i ğ l h i h û h h h l i h h ûû ûȱ ûŗ ųɉ ;i ŨŌj Źơĭ ķ ȹ Aź ķj ķŊAź ŬŵǽʼnŪĵŲȯ Aİ̅ʪ˩ źŏAŦbû ŋh űhŽ Ÿűû ;ɉɁĵŁ̆ ĵ`b ǻ j Źj ŋj žjȩšįŲi hŽ Ģ j ű[ ļ ŏ Āj ŷ = ű j hû i i ğ ğ û ğh û h û h l k i h h û lh i Ģ h h h û û h û û h h h l û h h h û hû h ûűû h ȱ ŋj Ž űƁ‹ɉɁ ̆ ŴjŲ = ĵűŶŭŹj žjŰȩŸįŽ= űɉ ĵŲ AbP˱ Ǎj ű`b ŹŠɰ;Ōj ŭŹŲļŏ`p ȹ ŋĀjũŷjķŴjAźŲŵǽűŹj ĵj ŰŲĸȰAİʪ˩ hû hû û h û h û ih ğ i ŴjŲğ ĵŶh kŭ ğ ŋû hũ ĵŴjŶh ûŰŲk Ŏh Kűû h=Źj bh j Űĸû űû Ȱh Ȳ hKʼnjû Ųk Ǎj űűŹû žû Źi hۊɰŠğ h ŭ;h Ųğ m ĵųh `p ŏɉ‹ jˊKAq Ɓ‹ űĵŶh ɉŰšh ĵŲŁh bh P˱ ů ŴȲ j ŰųŸh ȫ= j û h h h h q h û i k i û h h h û h m û h h h ğ h ûû h h û h h û i û ğ h k h û h h û i ĵĵhŶŵh ɂŰŒȸ šŁ=bbh ˊűû KAŹKɅźʼnjŵŲŊķűŹűj žŹi ۊɰŠŭ;ŰĵŸųįŏɉ‹ ȲŋƏ ů Ŵh Ȳ j ųȫ Ŧ űû Źĵj ŶļŰƕŎKŴj=bŲ űd j ŋŠʇŵhƁ‹û ûh h h j j i i j û h û h û h h j û h h û h ŋûh Š ʇh h ûŵü Ɓ‹ h û h Űh ŸįŦ űû h Źj j ļƕh h ŴjŲe û d h h û Źj h j Ʌźû h ŵŊh j ķ h űŹiğ Šɰ ĵŵj ɂŒȸ Ÿʼnj šȨ ŴŲj źɉb ̇ ŴɆŋj ŇA; ĵŵŋũ ŋj űjû Ə Ǎ ĵĸq Šɮj=bŬűū žŰŠ ĵȍŌŵ ŭ û h h h h h û h h h h h ğ h ğ û h h h h û h h û h i e û i h hû h û h h ü û m Ǎh Š h ĵĸq Šɮjh û Ŭ l ū šp Ȩ ŚŴŋjŲj ũ ḃ Š ĵȍŴŽŌȑ‹ AŊj ɪ `j? Abm ŋi žŧŰȱ jŵ źɉ^ĵ Ūů űŴɆŹj ŽjjŋʼnŇA Žɂj;ķ aźĵŵŋŏũųűjŰŦŸʼnj Mĵ m h Šh û lm i h h h ğ h hh û ûh i i h h h h AŊ ɪ `j? Abŋŧȱ ŴŽȑ‹ j ^ĵŪů űŹj ŽjʼnŽɂjķ aźŏųŰŦ Mĵ p Śŋjû ũ

6� Livestock In the name of Allah, the All-Merciful, the Bestower of mercy All praise be to Allah, Who created the heavens 1 and the earth and made the darkness (es) and the light; thereafter those who have denied equate (others) with their Lord. 2 It is He Who created youpl from clay, then decreed a term, and a term stated by him, yet you are in doubt. 3 And He is Allah in the heavens and in the earth; He knows yourpl secret and whatever you say aloud, and He knows whatever you earn. 4 And not one of theirb Lord’s signs comes to them but they disregard it. 5 For surely they disbelieved in the truth when it came to them, but soon there will reach them the news of what they used to ridicule. 6 Have they not seen how many generations We annihilated before them? We had established them in the earth more firmly than We established you, and We sent the sky upon them plentifully and We made rivers flow beneath them. But We annihilated them for their misdeeds and raised other generations after them. 7 And had We bestowed upon yousg a scripture from on high on parchment and they had touched it with their hands, those who have denied would have said, “This is  nothing but evident sorcery.” 8 And they said, “If only an angel had been sent down on him.” But had  We sent down an angel, the matter would have been settled, then they would not have been given respite. Qa b



Nafieʻ read it as: “Allah said, “This is on the day when the truthful . . .” A grammatical shift from 2nd person to 3rd person. 84

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h x h h h h i m hûh l i h h û Ŏ ƅğ ? x ĸŲĠ ŋx Ņj = ƅ ź ɉ Aź ɉĵ ũ b ̈ ǻ źû ɉbh ðūŰɊh jŷžû ŰŠ ^Ōŵ j j j h h û h û û ğ h h q i h i h h = h j Ūů ǾŰɊh ĵhȍŌŵ ŷi Šɰh Űšh Łh źû ɉbh ̉ `bŋi ŞŶiŽ ƅ űğ Ȫ ŋi Ɋû Ɓ‹ DŽ û hğ q h h û hh hh q h ǾŰɊ ̊ `źŏi j ȼŰhŽ ĵŲğ űŹj žû ŰŠ ĵŶh ŏû ȼh Űɉbh ƆŁi Kh ŷi Šɰh Űšh Ơ l i h h ğ h h h h ûh k ii h ûi û hh Abŋň j Ŏ ŴŽjȑĭjķ \ĵŅŦ ūj ŰĸȰ ŴjŲ Ůp Ŏŋjķ @Ōj ŹļŎ‹ ʼnj Ūůbh hû l i l i h ûi h j Ɓ‹ Ǎj AbǞj P˱ Ŏ Ůũ ̋ `b;i Ōj Źû ļh ŏû h ȹ Ājŷjķ Aźŵǽ ĵŲğ űŹi Ŷjû Ų k i h iû ih h h h hûh l i i ğ i h ȨjŊk ŭ ĵŲğ Ŵųjh ɉ Ůũ ̌ ǻ j ųɉ‹ ĹĸjŪŠɢ `ǽ ťžŬ AbŋŞŵ‹ űȪ hû h hhûğ û h Šh h h h h ğk i h h ğ Ǎ ô ĹƧŋɉ‹ jŷ jŏŧȫ ȇ ĶļŬ jôĬj Ůũ ˌPj ˱Ɓ‹b D j Š ʆŠʅŏɉ‹ j h h û lm i h h ğ i ğh h û hh h Ɇû Kh ƅ jĹųh Šɱh jŪů‹ _j źû hŽ ǓŠ ? űû Ȳ ŶšųłȎ AbǪj Ň ŴŽjȑ‹ jŷˏ žjȯ Ķ j h ğ hh h h i h û h Ůj ûȎ‹ Ǎj Ŵh ȲŎh ĵŲh ÿȔi bø ̍ `źŶji ŲİiŽ ƅ űû Źi ȯ űû Źi ŏh ŧŵ= q i ğ h ğ hû h h ûi ğ źh Ÿi bh KĵŹh ğȍ‹bh i ųj ŏɉ‹ i Űšh ûů‹ şž ĵkȎj bh ŊjƛɁ jĬ‹ Ǟ Ȯ= Ůũ ̎ űžj ˏj hû h km û i i h û i h h i û i h i h h h ğ ŋjŚĵhŦ j Ɓ‹b D ƭj j ? Ůũ ñűšśȬ ƅb űjšśȬ źŸb P˱ j Š ʆŠʅŏɉ‹ j h h h h h h h û i û i h i h h i Ŵjh Ų Ŵğ ȫźȲĻ ƅbh ðűh ŰŎû = Ŵû Ųh ^bğ = `źȱ= `= D ŋjɊ= h i h mk ûi h ȡǬû ųi û ɉ‹ h Ŋh Šh ȗk Kh ĺ i žû ŕh Šh `û ? [ĵ BA ̏ Ň = ƭ ? Ů ũ ǻj j j j j j û h h h h j Kh ʼnû Ūȯ ŊɌŲh źû hŽ ŷi Ŷû ȭ [Dz h û iŽ ŴŲğ ̐ ˈžŞj Šh ˉźû hŽ ÿô ŷi Ƨ pj g p û û hh k i iğ h û h û h i ĸųi ɉ‹ Li źû ŧh ů‹ ūjh ɉŠəh bh ǻ ƆŦ Ǵ ķ Ĭ‹ ū ŏ ŏ ų Ȭ `˯ ̑ j j p h k h i h hih ûh h û h ûh h Ÿi ƅğ ? ÿm Ȕi h ťjh őǽh û ȁȇ ƚ ū ŏ ŏ ų Ȭ `˯ ź ;p ƾ j ð j j Š ź Źȯ Ǟ p û û û h űžj i ĸƢ‹ x ʼnhũ i ŭơ‹ h źh Ÿi bh Āj ajIĵĸjh Š \h źû hŦ ŋji ŸĵŪh ů‹ źh Ÿi bh ̒ ŋŽj Ǟ j ô û h û h Ġ h ûi i Źőh Ĭ i ğ ‹ Ůiũ ð Cq ʼnh Š ʇh őh ǚ ihȱ ƴj ûɀhķ ü ʼnž = ;g ƾ d= Ůũ ̓ ð j j i i i iû h h h h ih û i hûhh j =b űô ȲŶɀɅb Ŵü Ųh bh Ājŷjķ űȡKjh ŊŵƁj `A;h ŋû Ūů‹ AŊŠɪ Ǔğ j ? Ƹb mğ i Š h û i eh h ğ h h ğh h i h û hh û i ğ h hhh ƅ Ůũ c ô ŋŇ= ĹŹj ɉA; jĬ‹ şŲ `= `bʼnŹŒȽů űȲŶjɋ= ôŢŰķ h i û i ğ k x m h ğ x Š h x Šh h i h ğ û i i h û h `źȡǬ j ȶ ĵųjɊ ;dŋj ķ ƴj ŵ˯ ʼnjńɩ ŷɧj? źŸ ĵųȫj? Ůũ ʼnô Źő= h h i h i h Š ɮjh ŭûů‹ űi Źi Šɰh žû ȩAh ;h ŴŽj h ȑ‹ğ ̔ `źŦŋj šû Ȭh ĵųh Ŭ ÿŷi ŵźŦŋj šû Ȭh Ķ h i h l i h h ğ òi i h m h û h û h h Ŵû Ųh bh ̕ `źŶji ŲİiŽ ƅ űû Źi ȯ űû Źi ŏh ŧŵ= Abm Ǫ j Ň ŴŽjȑ‹ űŸ;ĵŶȨɁ

And had We made him an angel, We would have made him a man, and We would have confounded them regarding what they are already confounding. And most surely (other) messengers before you 10 were ridiculed, but those who mocked them were surrounded by what they used to ridicule. 11 Saysg, “Journey pl through the earth, then look what the outcome was for the disbelievers.” 12 Saysg, “To whom belongs whatever is in the heavens and the earth?” Say, “To Allah.” He has prescribed for Himself mercifulness. He will surely gather you to the Day of Resurrection about which there is no doubt. Those who have lost themselves do not believe. 13 And to Him belongs whatever rests in the night and the day. And He is the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing. 14 Say, “Shall I take for myself a guardian other than Allah, the Originator of the heavens and the earth, He Who feeds and is not fed?” Say, “I have been commanded to be the first of those who become Muslimsa,” and do not ever be of the polytheists. 15 Say, “I fear, should I disobey my Lord, the punishment of a great day.” 16 Whoever is sparedb on that day—then He has surely had mercy on him, and that is the evident triumph. 17 And if Allah touches yousg with any harm, then none can remove it except He. And if He touches you with good—He is All-Powerf ul over everything. 18 And He is the Subjugator over His servants. And He is the All-Wise, the All-Aware. 19 Saysg, “What thing is more solemn in testimony?” Say, “Allah is Witness between youpl and me. And this Recitalc was revealed to me, that I may warn you with it, and whomever it may reach. Do you indeed testify that there are other gods with Allah?” Say, “I myself do not testify.” Say, “He is but One God, and I am indeed innocent of whatever you associate (with Him).” 20 Those to whom We have brought the Scripture recognize him d as they recognize their own children; (those are) the ones who have lost themselves, so they do not believe. 21 And who is more unjust than someone who has fabricated lies against Allah or has disbelieved in His signs? Indeed, the unjust never succeed. 22 And 9





The Arabic word used is aslam which means to become Muslim by submitting to God. Shuʻba, Hamza, Al-Kesa’i, Yaʻqub and Khalaf read it as: “Whoever He spares on that day—then He has surely had mercy on him . . .” c The Arabic word used is Qur’an which literally means ‘recital’ or ‘recitation’. d The 3rd person pronoun used in Arabic can be translated to ‘him’ for the Prophet (peace be upon him) or ‘it’ for the Qur’an. a

Qb

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PART 7. LIVESTOCK

SURAH 6- AL-AN‘âM

h ğ hh Š hhû ğ ih ûh ğ h h ğ h Ǜȯ‹ Ŵj ųjɊ űŰŝ= ÿŷi ŵj? mĀjôŷjļŠɔ˲ Bh ŊŬ bû = ĵeķjŊŬ jĬ‹ ȇ c h i ih i q h û i i i û hûhh û h ğ h ^źŪȫ űğ Ȫ ĵšžj Ʀ űŸǬƗ _źɆb ̖ `źųji ۊɾů‹ Ńji ŰŧȬi ƅ h i h i i h ğ i i imhh i h ûh lm i h û h h ğ ̗ `źųi ȭŌû Ļ űû ļŶ Ŭ ŴŽjȑ‹ űȱ>ȢǨ ŴȬɁ AźȡǨ= ŴŽjȓj ɉ i h ğ l i h h mğ i h h i ĵŶğ Ŭ ĵŲh ĵŶh j Ʌk Kh jĬ‹bh Aźɉĵũ `= ƅj? űû Źi ļi ȿļjû Ŧ ŴȲĻ űû ɉ űğ Ȫ ğ h i h Ģhh l i h h h û h û i h ȡǬû Ɋi Ůŗbh űô û Źj jŏŧŵ= ȇ AźķŊŬ ťžŬ ŋŞŵ‹ ̘ ǻj j h ih ûh l i h ğ iû h h ûh i h ûh ğ iû h ðūȎj? şųj ļŏȹ ŴŲ űŹŶjŲb ̙ `bǛŧȬ Aźŵǽ ĵŲ űŹŶȭ û h m h i i h û h h e ğ h û i i Šh h h û h h h ˊô ŋq ũbh űû Źj j ŵAJA;h ȝ j = űŹj j ɅźŰũ ȇ ĵŶŰšŁb j b aźŹŪŧȬ `= ĹŶȱ h ;i m ĵŁh AJh ? Ʋ ğ h h l i ûi ğ h h ği lû h ]b j Ģ ń ðĵŹjķ AźŶjŲİŽ ƅ pĹŽA; ȁ Abŋh Ž `˯ h ğ h h ğ i ih h h i Šh i i śj ɜ Š h = mƅj? m AŊh Šɪh `û j ? l Abm ŋi ŧh ȱ Ǟ ŴŽjȑ‹ ^źŪȬ ūŵźɉjʼnɲŽ h i h h h h i h ůbğ hƁ‹û `źŭj ŰŹû Ȭi `˯ ðŷi Ŷû ȭ `źû nZh Ŷû Ɇh bh ŷi Ŷû ȭ `źû Źh Ŷû Ȭh űû Ÿbh ̚ ǻj hh l i i û Ģ hh ûh h h ii ûh hh û i h i h mğ ğȍ‹ ȇ Aź ŧj ũ b J ? c ŋ Ļ ź ɉ b Kĵ ̛ `b ŋšŒȹ ĵŲb űŹŏŧŵ= ƅj? j j h i h h h k h i h h Ġ h i hh ûhŠh l i h h Ŵjh Ų `źȲŵbh ĵŶh j Ʌk Kh ĺ ŊȲŵ ƅb Iŋŵ ĵŶȽžŰɔ AźɉĵŪȯ j Š ɔ˲ Bj l h i h h û h iûi i h h ŶŲj İû ųi û ɉ‹ źû ɉbh ð Ůĸû Ȱ ŴjŲ `źŧƞ Aźŵǽ ĵŲğ űŹi ɉ Aʼnh hķ Ůhķ ̜ ǻj l i h l Ġ h h ğ û l i h h h l i `j? Aźm ɉĵũbh ̝ `źiķjŊŠʃů űû Źi ȫ˯ ŷi Ŷû ȭ AźŹi ȫ ĵųjh ɉ AbIĵšh ů AbIKi û Ģ hh ûh h i hh ğ h h Ȫźši ĸû ųh ķ Ŵi ûƗh ĵŲh bh ĵžh ȫû Ȑ‹ Ġ ĵŶh ȩĵ žń ƅj? Ǘj Jj? c ŋĻ źɉb ̞ ǻj j h û hh l i i l h i h h ķ AŊh Šɪh ōh ɀû ůɁ ^ĵhũ űô û ŹɅk Kh ȇ Š h hķ Aźɉĵhũ Ũˏ j k ơĭ ô ĵŶh j Ʌk Kh bh ǔ j j j Š Aźŧj ũb h iiû h ûi i h h h hû l i ih h h h j Ňh ʼnû hũ ̟ `b Ǫ ŋŧȲĻ űļŶŬ ĵųjķ BAŊšů‹ AźũbŊŦ ^ĵũ q û ih ğ i iûhm h h Ģğ h ğ mh l iğ h h ğ Ĺļh ŤȨh ĹŠĵŏɉ‹ űŹȩ;ĵŁ AJj? Ʋń ðjĬ‹ j;ĵŪj Űjķ AźķŊŬ ŴŽjȑ‹ h i h û h i h h û ğ h h Šh h h h h û h Šh l i h i űû ŸKAh Lh bû = `źŰųj Ƙ űû Ÿbh ĵŹžj ȯ ĵŶŚŋŦ ĵŲ ȇ ĵŶȩǪŅɔ Aźɉĵũ ğ m h û Ġ i Š h hû h h m hh h i Šh h ƅj? ĵžȫȐ‹ Cźžơ‹ ĵŲb ̠ `bKi Ōj hŽ ĵŲh ;h ĵŎh ƅɁ űjô û ŸjKźŹi ŝ ȇ hhh h iğh h ğk x û h ih x šhů ğ h ɉbh xźŹû h ɉbh Ķ ƆŦ= `ź j ô ŪļȬ ŴŽjȓj ů ǞŇ CŋjŇ˖‹ KAi Ȓ ð ğ h i h i ğ h h i h h h i û h iğ i ûh ûh űû Źi ȫjıŦ ð`źɉźŪȬh djȑ‹ ūŵŌi Ņ Ȏ ÿŷŵj? űŰšȫ ʼnũ ̡ `źŰjŪšû ȩ h h h h k h ğ h h ûh ğ h h `bʼni Ņ ƒ jĬ‹ ĺ j Š ɔ˲ ǻųj j ۊɾů‹ Ŵğ Ȳ j Š ɧbh ūŵźiķjŊȲiŽ ƅ

on the day when We herda them all together, then say to those who associated (other gods with God), “Where are your associates whom you used to claim?” 23 Then their only turmoil wasb when they said c , “By Allah, our d Lord, we were not polytheists.” 24 Look how they lied to themselves, and whatever they used to fabricate strayed away from them. 25 And of them are those who listen to you. But We have placed veils over their hearts, preventing them from comprehending it, and heaviness in their ears. Even if they see every sign, they will not believe in it. Until, when they come to you to argue with you, those who deny say, “This is nothing but legends of the ancients.” 26 They forbid (others) from it and avoid it themselves, yet they annihilate none except themselves, but they are unaware. 27 And if only yousg could see when they werec made to stand by the Fire and they said, “If only we could be sent back and note disbelieve in the signs of our Lord and be of the believers!” 28 Rather, what they previously used to hide was disclosed to them. And even if they were to be returned back they would revert to what they had been forbidden from, for they are indeed liars. 29 And they said, “There is nothing but our Earlier Life, and never shall we be resurrected.” 30 And if only yousg could see when they werec made to stand before their Lord. He said, “Is this not the truth?” They said, “Yes indeed, by our Lord.” He said, “Then taste the punishment on account of what you used to deny.” 31 Lost indeed are those who disbelieved in the meeting with Allah until, when the Hour comes upon them suddenly, they will say, “Alas for us for whatever we have neglected in it,” while carrying their burdens on their backs. Undoubtedly, evil is what they bear. 32 And the Earlier Life is nothing but a game and a distraction,

  Yaʻqub read it as: “And on the day when He herds them . . .” Qb Nafieʻ, Abu ʻAmr, Shuʻba, Abu Jaʻfar and Khalaf read it as: “Then their saying, ‘By Allah, our Lord, we were not polytheists’ was their only turmoil.” All except for Ibn Kathir, Ibn ʻAmer, Hafs, Nafieʻ, Abu ʻAmr, Shuʻba, Abu Jaʻfar and Khalaf read it as: “Then their only (excuse during their) turmoil was that they said . . .” c Frequently the Qur’an addresses the events of the Hereafter in past tense; this grammatical shift should be pondered by the reader. Qd Hamza, Al-Kesa’i and Khalaf read it as: “By Allah! O our Lord, we were not polytheists.” e All except for Hafs, Hamza and Yaʻqub read it as: “If only we could be sent back—for we do not disbelieve in the signs of our Lord—and be of the believers!” Qa

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PART 7. LIVESTOCK

SURAH 6- AL-AN‘âM

l i k i h Šh h l i h h h h û h k x i i û h k i û h h h AźķjŊŬ ĵŲ ȇ AbǚŕŦ ūj ŰĸȰ ŴjŲ ŮŎK ĺķjŊŬ ʼnŪůb ̢ h h i û h û iŠ hh ğ h l i ih hh ğ h h hk Ģ ń AbJb=b ŵ űŹƋĻɁ Ʋ ʼnû Ūůbh jôĬ‹ ĺ j Š ʅj Ȁj ů ^jʼnĸh Ųi ƅbh ô ĵŵDz h h h hih h h h ŰŎh ŋû ųi û ɉ‹ d l ıĸh ȫğ ŴjŲ ]h ;h m ĵŁh Ŭ `ǽ `˯ ̣ ǻj ūžû ŰŠ ǚ j hû hû h h û i i hû qhh h hûh h û hh û j Ɓ‹ Ǎj ĵŪŧȫ nj b= P˱ j ļȼĻ `= ĺšśļŎ‹ `j j ıŦ űŹŗAŋŠj? hh ğ Ǎ ĵųq Űğ Ŏi i ğ ;h m ĵőh źû h ɉbh ˏĹhŽ˲ űŹi žjh ȩûįļh ȯh ;j m ĵųh ŏɉ‹ h h Ĭ‹ ȇ űû Źi šh ųh Ơ p j h û h ğ h i h h h Š ʼnh Źi û ɉ‹ h ŰŹŠɲ i łļh ŏû h ȹ ĵųh ȫğ ?ø ̤ ǻj Ķž j ô j j ů‹ ŴjŲ ŴȫźȲĻ ƆŦ c û h h i h h ih ûh h ğ i ğ űi Źi Ŀi šh ĸû Ȭh Ș Š źû ųh ɉ‹bh ò`ź šųŏȹ ŴŽjȑ‹ ̥ `źši Łh ŋû iŽ jŷûȎj? űğ Ȫ Ĭ‹ h h h hğ ğ ûi k ğ k x h h û h ki hûh l i h h Kjf Iĵũ Ĭ ‹ `j? Ůũ ĀjôŷjɅK ŴjŲ ĹŽA; jŷžŰŠ ^Ōj ŵ ƅźɉ Aźɉĵũb h i h h û h ğ Šh h q h h h k h i h Ģ h h h h ĵŲh bh ̦ `źųi Űšû Ȭh ƅ űû Ÿǜ ȱ= ŴȲ j ɧb ĹŽA; ^ǣ j Ȭ `= ȇ h ih m ğ û h h h i h û h h Ģ h ƅbh P˱ j Ɓ‹ Ǎj Ĺp ğķĵhķA;h ƅbh űû ļŵ = AźųŰšȩ űɉ ĵŲ űļųj ŰŠb ðˊǞjĿŬ `źŧƛb i h ihûh û û h i h i iğ f Šɮjh Ŭ AŊh Šɪh bh ͜ `ź Ķ ĸšŰŽ űŹj ŗ Ůj ũ j źŇ Ǎj űû ŸKû J űğ Ȫ ðĬ‹ i x h h i iŠh û h h h û Ȩh djȑ‹ğ \ji ʼnk ŕh ŲĠ ] Š ŋh Ūi ûů‹ _ğ = Kjh ŊŶi jȋbh jŷûŽʼnh hŽ ǻ c KĵĸŲ ŷɰůŌŵ= ğ h h û û h h hhû h û h h i űû Ÿbh Ājðŷjķ `źŶji ŲİiŽ j Cŋjh Ň˖ĭjķ `źŶji ŲİiŽ ŴŽj ȑ‹b ô ĵŹɉźń ŴŲb h hh Š hhû ğ ih û û hh h Šh h h i i Ǜȯ‹ Ŵj ųjɊ űŰŝ= ŴŲb ͝ `źŞj ŦĵhƘ űû Źj j ĻƆŔh ȇ ȇc h h h h x û h ûh h i û h h ğh h i h h û h e h ğ j = ^ĵũ b= ĵķŊj Ŭ jĬ‹ ^ĵũ ŴŲb ;ƾ jŷȎj? GźŽ űɉb Ǔj? Ƹb h ğ h i ğ ^h Ōŵ h = m ĵŲh Ůh Ŀjû Ų ^i ŌŵiįŎh Ģ ŋh hĻ źû h ɉbh ñĬ‹ Ǎj `źųji ۊɾů‹ jJj? c j û lm i û h û ûh lm i h i h h hû h h Ģ ųɉ‹b D AźŁŋj Ň= űŹj ŽjʼnŽɁ AźśjŎĵķ ĹŭjɌˁ j źû ųh ɉ‹ D j Š ɷh ųh Ȯ h i ih i i h i h i h h Ŋh Šh `h bû Ōh ûƏi _h źû hȎ‹û űi Ȳ i û ɉ‹ BA `źɉźŪȩ űû ļŶ Ŭ ĵųjķ `ź Ź ŏŧŵ= ð j h i û h ûh h h û h û i i h k hû h û h ğ h h ͞ `bǚ ǞȮ jĬ‹ ȇ j ŭļŏȶ ĀjŷjļŠɔA; Ŵȭ űļŶȡb Ũj ơ‹ û h h h i ûh h h Š h hi h iiû û hhh IŠɷŦ ĵŵźųļĴŁ űļi ȡŋh Ļbh p ˅ŋğ Ɋh ^bğ = űû ȲŠɰh ŪŰŇ ĵųh Ŭ c j ʼnŪůb û i i Šh ğ h Š ŋh hŵ ĵŲh bh ðűû ȡi KźŹi ŝi ;h m AKh bh űû Ȳ ɰůźŇ ĵŲğ űû Ȳšh Ųh c j ğh hh li h h i û i h h ğ i i hmh h i ʼnŪů Aİô Ģ ɦǨ űȲžjȯ űû Źi ȫɁ űû ļi ųû ȭLh ŴŽj ȑ‹ űȱ;ĵšŧő ğ h i h i i ğ i h ğ h h û i hûh h ğ hğ `j?ø ͟ `źųi ȭŌû Ļ űû ļŶ Ŭ ĵŲ űȲŶŠ Ůŗb űȲŶɀķ şśŪȩ û û i Š h ğ h k hû i h h ğ ûi ğ h ûů‹ Fi ŋƞ Fi ŋj ƥbh ĺ j j žk ųh ɉ‹ Ŵjh Ų ƻ j ơ‹ Ũj ůĵŦ Ĭ‹ j ðcźȍ‹b Ķ h ğ h h i h û i Š h i ğ i i Šh k h û h k ųh û ɉ‹ Ũji ůĵŦ ͠ `źŭŦİĻ ƭ ɂŦ ðĬ‹ űȲj ůə ôƻ ů‹ Ŵj Ų ĺ ž j j j q h û i h h hû h h û ğ h qh h hûğ hh h h j h û û ô ĵȫĵĸŏń ŋųŪů‹b ōųŒɉ‹b ĵŶŭŎ ŮȎ‹ ŮšŁb GĵĸŔƃ‹ j ğ û û h h û i i h h i h h h űi Ȳů Ůšh Łh djȑ‹ źh Ÿbh ͡ űžj j Űšů‹ ŌɆ j Ōj šů‹ ŋŽjʼnŪȩ ūj ɉŠə

reminder for all mankind.” 91 And they did not value Allah as He should be valued when they said, “In no way has Allah sent down anything on any human being.” Say, “Who sent down the Scripture which Moses came with—a light and guidance for mankind? Youpl makea of it parchments, disclosing them and hiding much. And youpl were taught what you did not k now—neither you, nor your forefathers.” Saysg, “Allah (revealed it).” Then leave them in their indulgence in vain talk, playing. 92 And this is a Scripture that We sent down, blessed, confirming what preceded it, and that youb may warn the Mother of Townsc and those around it. Thus those who believe in the Hereafter believe in it, and they preserve their prayers. 93 For who is more unjust than someone who fabricated lies against Allah or said, “It was revealed to me,” when nothing had been revealed to him, and someone who said, “I will send down the like of what Allah has sent down”? And if only yousg could see the unjust ones in the perplexities of death as the angels stretch their hands: “Get yourselves out; today you are being repaid with the punishment of shame on account of what you used to say about Allah other than the truth, and for acting arrogantly towards His signs.” 94 “And most surely youpl have come to Us individually, just as We created you the first time, and you have left behind your backs whatever We granted you. Yet We do not see with you your intercessors—those you claimed were associates in you. Most surely, the link between you was d severed, and what you had claimed has strayed from you.” 95 Indeed, Allah is the Splitter of the grain and the fruit stone. He brings out the living from the deade, and (He is) the Bringer Out of the dead from the livingf. Such is Allah, so how can youpl be averted (from the truth)? 96 (He is) the Splitter of the daybreak, and He has madeg the night for rest and the sun and the moon for calculation; such is the determining of the Almighty, the All-Knowing. And it is He Who made for you the stars, that you 97 may be guided by them in the darkness(es) of land





Ibn Kathir and Abu ʻAmr read it as: “They make of it parchments, disclosing them and hiding much.” Qb Shuʻba read it as: “. . . and that it may warn . . .” c Makkah. d All except for Nafieʻ, Hafs, Al-Kesa’i and Abu Jaʻfar read it as: “Most surely, the link between you became severed . . .” e A grammatical shift in Arabic from a nominal sentence to a verbal sentence. f A grammatical shift in Arabic from a verbal sentence to a nominal sentence. Qg All except for ʻAsem, Hamza, Al-Kesa’i and Khalaf read it as: “. . . and the Maker of the night for rest . . .” Qa

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PART 7. LIVESTOCK

SURAH 6- AL-AN‘âM

û h h û hû h khû l hû h i Ġ hi i Ȋ‹b ǚ ĵŶh Űŕğ Ŧ ʼnû ũ ˍŋj Ņ ȍ‹ j Š ʅŰŝ Ǎj ĵŹh j ķ Abʼni ļŹh jȋ _źł j ů‹ ĺ h h ûğ h h h h i h m ğ hih ōp ŧȫ ŴjŲk űȱįŒȸ= dj ȑ‹ źŸb ͢ `źųi Űšû Ȭh ˉp źû Ūj ů ĺ j Š ɔ˖‹ x hh û h h h h hû ğ h ûh x h h û ˉp źû Ūj ů ĺ j Š ɔ˖‹ ĵŶŰŕŦ ʼnũ ñ SIźû ļŏɊi bh ŋk Ūļŏųi ȯ p CʼnjńŠɩh h hû û hh m m ğ h hh h m ğ hi h ĵŶh Łû ŋh ŇįŦ ;q ĵŲh j;ĵųh ŏɉ‹ ŴjŲ ^Ōŵ= djȑ‹ źŸb ͣ `źŹi ŪŧȬh q ûĠ q h iû h û h û hh û h ki h hh ĵĸk ńh ŷi Ŷjû Ų Fi ŋj Ɲ ˊǴ j Ň ŷŶjŲ ĵŶŁŋŇįŦ ;p ƾ ȁ j Dĵĸȫ Ājŷjķ û ğ h h q hh Ġ ğh h x h h x û h û h Ŵjû Ųk ĺ p Š ɰŁb ĹžjȫAI `Aźh Ŷj ũ ĵŹjšŰŚ ŴjŲ Ůj ňȍ‹ ŴjŲb ĵĸjŬAǛŲ lm i i û h h h i hû h h q h û i h ğĠ h h iûğ h h Š AbŋŞŵ‹ ˍŷg j ĸɺȽŲ ǞȮb ĵŹjĸȽŒɊ `ĵŲŋɉ‹b `źļɆŌɉ‹b Bĵ p Ŷȭ= h k m ğ h h û i h ûhh h û h hh h ˉp źû Ūj ů ĺ p Š ɔ˗ űȲj ůŠə Ǎj `j? mĀjôŷjšŶɆb ŋh ųȪɁ AJj? mĀj aŋj ųȪ ǓŠ j ? û hmhh i ğ l i h h h h l i h hh h h i ûi ÿȔi Aźũŋh Ňbh ðűû Źi ŪŰŇbh Ŵğ Ơ‹ j ;ȢǨ jĬj AźŰšŁb ͤ `źŶjŲİŽ h i h Šh Šh h h i h Š h û i û hhh h h ûh `źŧŕj hŽ ĵųğ ȭ ǔ ɿĻb ÿŷŶɳĸŎ ˈˏ p ŰjŠ Ǟ ģ ŠɰɅb ǻjȿķ j Ťjķ ĺ hû h i i h Šğ h h h ğ şŽ x h bh ÿȔi h `ź ûűhɉbh Ȑ i ʼnj hķ ͥ j ȲŽ ƭɁ ˌP˱Ɓ‹b D j Š ʆŠʅŏɉ‹ ği h h h h x h Š h iğ i h i h Ÿi bh ˌp;ƾ û h Ůk Ȳ û h ȁ ;g ƾ ķ ź ŨŰŇb ð ĹĸŅ j ɞ ÿȔ ŴȲĻ j j ğ h ki i h h i h h m û i Ġh iğ i i h x h ȁ j Ũj ۊɗ ðźŸ ƅj? ŷŠɧj? ƅ ðűȲɅK Ĭ‹ űȲj ůŠə ͦ űžj ŰŠ i i ğ k i Šh h h i h i i i û h û h x û h ȁ ŷi ȡjKʼnû Ļ ƅ ͧ Ůžj ȡbh p;ƾ źŸb ôabʼnĸȭĭŦ p;ƾ j ȇ h h i ğ h i h hŠ h û û i û i h i h iŠ h ûh û h û ťž i ĸƢ‹ ʼnû ũ ͨ Ǟ śj Űɉ‹ źŸb ð ŋɻķƁ‹ ]jKʼnŽ źŸb ŋɻķƁ‹ j m û h h h ûh û h h û i kğ i m ķɁ Ŵųȯ ðűȲjɅK ŴjŲ ŋi j ɋĵŕh hķ űȱ;h ĵŁh Ŵû Ųh bh Ājðŷ jŏŧŶjh ŰŦ Dz h h h i ûh h úhh m hh hûh h h h h h ūj ɉŠɶȡbh ͩ Ŝž p jŧƔj űȲžŰŠ ĵŵɁ ĵŲb ô ĵŹžŰšȯ ǖ jŠ ik h i h h h h h Ŏû Kh Ih l AźiɉźŪi Ȏ h j bh ĺ `źųi Űšû Ȭh ˉp źû Ūj ů ÿŷi Ŷh j žk hȼi jȍbh ĺ j Š ɔ˖‹ [Dz j ŵ h i û û h h h j mh û ğ i ğ h mh h Pŋj Š=bh ðźh Ÿ ƅj? ŷh Š ɧj? ƅ ðūjɅk Kğ ŴjŲ ūûȎj? Ƹb = ĵŲ şjĸĻ‹ ͪ l i h û h m h iğ hm h ûh h h û h ȡǬû ųi û ɉ‹ ŴŠh ūŠɰh Űšh Łh ĵŲh bh Aźñ ȡǨ = ĵŲ Ĭ‹ ;ĵő źɉb ͫ ǻj j j h l Ġ ih hh hh h m q h h h û û h û h h Aźĸŏȶ ƅb ͬ Ůžj p ȡźjķ űŹj žŰŠ ĺŵ= ĵŲb ðĵŞžjŧń űŹj žŰŠ h i ûh h ğ i û h üh û h h ğ l Ġ i h h ğ Ǟ j I ŴjŲ `źŠʼnŽ ŴŽjȑ‹ j Ťjķ ˊbʼnŠ Ĭ‹ AźĸŏɀŦ jĬ‹ `b ki ğğh h h h û û Ųğ űŹɅk Kh ǓŠ h ? űğ Ȫi űû Źi hŰųh ȭh Ĺg Ųğ i= Ȃj ŋ űû Źi ši Ł j j ˍp ŰjŠ jj j ů ĵŶɆL ūj ɉŠɶŬ ˈ

and sea. Surely, Wea have detailed the signs for people who know. 98 And it is He Who initiated you from a single self, then a place of settlementb and a storage. Surely, Wea have detailed the signs for people who comprehend. 99 And it is He who sent down water from the sky, and with it Wea brought out the germination of everything, then We brought out from it greenery from which We bring outc layered grain. And out of the palm-trees—from their spathes— clusters of dates, hanging low, and gardens of grapevines, and the olives, and the pomegranates—similard yet dissimilare. Look at its produce when it has yielded its produce and (look at) its ripening. Most surely in that are signs for people who believe. 10 0 Yet they made for Allah associates—the unseen beingsf —although He created them, and they inventedg for Him sons and daughters, without (any) knowledge. Highly Exalted is He and Most High, far above what they describe. Originator of the heavens and the earth—how 101 can He have offspring when He never had a consort? And He created everything, and He is All-Knowing of everything. 102 Such is Allah, your pl Lord; there is no God but He, the Creator of everything, so worship Him, for He is the Ultimate Trustee over everything. 103 Sight(s) cannot grasp Him, while He grasps all sight (s), and He is the Subtle, the AllAware. 104 “Insights have indeed come to youpl from your Lord, so whoever sees does so to his own benefit, while whoever remains blind does so to his own detriment. And I am not a constant preserver over youpl.” 105 And thus We diversify the signs, and so that they say, “Yousg have studiedh,” and so that We make it evident for people who have knowledge. Follow what was revealed to you from your 106 Lord—there is no god but He—and disregard the polytheists. 107 And had Allah willed, they would not have associated (others with Him). And We did not make you as a constant preserver over them, and in no way are you a trustee over them. 108 Yet do not insult those they call upon apart from Allah lest

 A grammatical shift from 3rd person to 1st person.  ʻAmr and Rouh read it as: “. . . then a settled one and a stored one.” Ibn Kathir, Abu c A grammatical shift from past tense to present tense. d In kind. e In taste. f The Arabic word used is jinn which are unseen beings that are accountable for their actions. Qg Nafieʻ and Abu Jaʻfar read it as: “. . . and they kept inventing for Him sons and daughters . . .” Qh Ibn Kathir and Abu ʻAmr read it as: “. . . they say, ‘You have studied with someone’ . . .” Ibn ʻAmer and Yaʻqub read it as: “. . . they say, ‘(That is) outdated’ . . .” a

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PART 7. LIVESTOCK

SURAH 6- AL-AN‘âM

l i h ûh h h h i ğ l ʼnh Źû Łh jĬĭjķ Aźųi ŏh ũ=bh ͭ `źŰųh šû Ȭh Aźŵǽ ĵųh j ķ űŹi Ĵi j ĸk ȿži ȯ ğ ûi h ğ i Ųİû iȎğ xĹhŽA;h űû Źi ȩû ;h m ĵŁh ŴɌhů űû ŹŶŠʅh ûŽɁh i Š ɔ˖‹ ĺ ĵųh ȫj? Ůũ ô ĵŹh j ķ Ǻj j jj h û h û h û m h m ğ i ğ h ͮ `źŶji ŲİiŽ ƅ D;h ĵŁh AJj? ĵŹh ȫɁ űû ȱŋi jšŒiȹ ĵŲh bh ðjĬ‹ ʼnŶj Š h h h l k h h h hi hh û i h û h i ûi p ˅ŋğ Ɋ ^bğ = mĀjŷjķ AźŶjŲİŽ űû ɉ ĵųh Ŭ űû Ÿŋh Š ɻķɁbh űû Źi ȩʼnnZj Ŧ= Ķji ŰŪȫbh h m û h ğh hh û h i hh űi Źj Ȏû j ? ĵhȍŌğ ŵ ĵŶh ȫɁ źû ɉbø ͯ `źŹi ųh šû Ȭh űû Źj j ŶŠɱh ŤŚi Ǎj űû ŸKi Ŋŵbh q i û h ği û ûh h h û h h h h û hû i i h ğh h h h h hû Š źųɉ‹ űŹųȣb ĹŭjɌˁ Ģ ųɉ‹ ȁ űŹj žŰŠ ĵŵǬńb Ș Ɔĸi Ȱ p;ƾ h h mğ l ûi l i h ğ h iğ hm hh i hh û űû Ÿǜ ȱ= Ŵğ Ȳ ;ĵŒȹ `= ƅj? Aźm Ŷji ŲİȎ j Aźŵǽ ĵŲ j Š ɧbh Ĭ‹ û h k i h h h h Šh h h ihûh h śŠɱh őh ˊbkq ʼni Šh Ʊ k hŵ Ȃj ɶ ȡ b ů ĵ Ŷ Ű š Ł Ͱ ǻ ūj ɉ `ź ŰŹƒ j gj j û h hû h û i h ōj ȸƃ‹û j iŽ Ŵjk Ơ‹ b ^j źû Ūů‹ [ŋi ŇLi Ŗp šû Ȩh ǓŠ j ? űû Źi Řšû Ȩh Ƹź j j h ih û h h h û i û h h i i h h h h Ġ h hm h ûh h q i i ͱ `bǛŧȬ ĵŲb űŸKŊŦ ðaźŰšȯ ĵŲ ūɅK ;ĵő źɉb ˊô Kbŋţ h i ûi h h ğ i h ûh ûh Ģ h û h h û h ůbh j Cŋjh Ň˖ĭķ `ź iaźû ŗh Ǟj j ŶjŲİŽ ƅ ŴŽjȑ‹ CʼnnZj Ŧ= jŷȎj? njŕ jȋb h ğ hûh hh h h i h ûĠ i h l i h ûh h ĵųq ŭńh njj ļh Ȩû Ɂ jĬ‹ Ǟ Ťȯ= Ͳ `źŦǛ j ŪŲ űŸ ĵŲ AźŦǛ j ŪȎj b h ğ ğ q i ûh hh h Šɮjh ŭûů‹ űi Ȳ h ȑ‹bh ô Ɔŕğ ŧh Ųi Ķ m ȑ‹ źh Ÿi bh ŴŽj Ȏj? ^Ōŵ= dj h k ğ k x ğh i i ğh h i h û h h Šh û i iŠh ûh h k hû ķ ū ˌŨj ơĭ j j ɅK ŴjŲ ^ǣŲ ÿŷŵɁ `źųŰšȬ Ķɮjŭů‹ űŹɰžȩA; h i h hh h û ųğ ȩh bh ͳ ŴɆ i ųjh ǿh ĺ h Ǜh ųû ųi û ɉ‹ Ŵjh Ų Ŵğ ȫź ūjɅk Kh ĺ Ȳ Ļ ƆŦ j ğ źh Ÿi bh ĀjŷjļŠʅjh Ȁjh ů ^jh ʼnk ĸh Ųi ƅğ ƅq ʼnû Šh bh ĵũq ʼnû Ŕ i ųj ŏɉ‹ i Űšh ûů‹ şž ʹ űžj j ô ô h h û û û i ğ h h h Ġ i j Ɓ‹ Ǎ ŴŲh ǜ hhȱ = şśj Ļ `˯ jôĬ‹ Ůž j j j ȼŎ ŴŠ ]źŰŘj Ž P˱ ûh ğ i û ğ h ğ ğ h ğ h ūɅğ Kh `j? ͵ `źŔi ŋi ƞ ƅj? űû Ÿ `˯ Ŵğ Şů‹ ƅj? `źši j ĸȽhŽ `j? h hŽ ŴŲh űi hŰŠû h= źh Ÿi h ʼnļh Źû ųi û ɉĭķ űi hŰŠû = źh Ÿi bh ĀjŷjŰžȼŎh ŴŠh ŮĠ Ř ŴŽj j ð j j i h ğ i û h i ğ l iih h i Ŭ `? jŷžû ŰŠh jĬ‹ űŎ‹ ŋjŬJ ĵųjɊ AźȀŦ Ͷ ĀjŷjļŠɔ˲ űļŶ j û ğ l ğ i h h û i h hh û ŋjh ŬJi ĵųjğ Ɋ AźiŰȱ h ŶŲj İû Ɋi įĻ ƅɁ űȲů ĵŲb ͷ ǻj jĬ‹ űi Ŏ‹ ğ hh i h h i h h h h ĵŲh ƅj? űû Ȳžû ŰŠ _h ŋğ ńh ĵŲğ űȲů Ůŕğ Ŧ ʼnû ũbh jŷžû ŰŠ û ûh h i mh û h h Ġ iğ q h ğ û Ť ˈˏ g ŰjŠ Ǟ ķ ű Ź ɋ j Ȏ ˊǞjĿŬ `˯ ˍjŷûȎj? űû ȩKû ŋj śi ŗ‹ j j j j AźŸįjķ `źŰŘ

they insult Allah out of hostility, without knowledge. Thus Wea have adorned for every community their work, then to their Lord is their return, and He will inform them of what they used to do. 109 And they swore by Allah their most solemn oaths that if a sign were to come to them, they would believe in it. Say, “Signs are only with Allah,” but how do you know that evenb if it did come, theyc would still not believe? 110 And We turn away their burning hearts and their sight(s) as they did not believe in it the first time, and We leave them to wander aimlessly while exceeding all limits. 111 And even if We bestowed the angels upon them from on high and the dead spoke to them and We herded everything before them, they would still not believe unless Allah wills, but most of them are ignorant. 112 And thus We made for every prophet an enemy—Satans from among humans and unseen beingsd—revealing to one another fancy words in order to deceive. But had yoursg Lorde willed, they would not have done it, so leave them to their fabrications. 113 And so that the burning hearts of those who do not believe in the Hereafter may incline to it, and that they may be well pleased with it, and that they may perpetrate whatever they perpetrate. 114 “Shall I seek a judge other than Allah when He is the One Who sent down to you the Scripture, explained in detail?” And those to whom We gave the Scripture know that it is the truth, bestowed from on highf by your Lorde, so never besg of those who doubt. 115 Thus the Wordg of yoursg Lord has been completed, in truth and justice. None can change His words, and He is the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing. 116 But if yousg were to obey most of those on earth, they would make you stray from the way of Allah. They follow nothing but assumptions, and they do nothing but guess. 117 Indeed, your Lord is the One Who knows better about who strays from His way, and it is He who knows better about who the guided are. 118 So eatpl of that over which the Name of Allah has been



A grammatical shift from 3 person to 1 person. Ibn Kathir, Abu ʻAmr, Yaʻqub, Khalaf and Shuʻba in one of his narrations read it as: “. . . but how do you know? Indeed, even if it did come they would still not believe.” Qc Ibn ʻAmer and Hamza read it as: “. . . youpl would still not believe?” d The Arabic word used is jinn which are unseen beings that are accountable for their actions. e A grammatical shift from 1st person to 3rd person. Qf All except for Ibn ʻAmer and Hafs read it as: “. . . sent down by your Lord . . .” Qg All except for ʻAsem, Hamza, Al-Kesa’i, Yaʻqub and Khalaf read it as: “Thus the Words of your Lord have been . . .” a

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PART 8. LIVESTOCK

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h û û h Šh l ih h h hû iû ih û h i h ğh ğ űj ľƃ‹ j ŋŹj ɡ AbKJb ͸ ŴŽjʼnļšųɉĭjķ űŰŠ= źŸ ūɅK `j? l i h h h ûh û i h hû û h i û h h ğ ğ mih hh Aźŵǽ ĵųjķ `bŌłžŎ űȪƃ‹ j `źĸ jŏȲŽ ŴŽjȑ‹ `j? ÿô ŷŶjŚĵɅb hû h ğ i û h û i û h ğ l i i û h h h h i hûh jŷžŰŠ jĬ‹ űŎ‹ ŋj ŬŊŽ űɉ ĵųjɊ AźŰȱįĻ ƅb ͹ `źŦǛ j ŪȬ h h h i ih h h ğ h m ğ ğ Ģ j ? `ź űû Źj j ɋĵhȎj bû = Ǔ ńźȎ ǻśj ŠɱŒɉ‹ `˯ ñ Ũx ŏjû ŧů ÿŷi ŵ˯ h h i û ih û i ğ û i iiû hh û û i i Šh i ŴŲh bh = ͺ `źȡǬ j ųɉ űȲŵj? űŸźųļšŚ= `˯ ðűȡźɉjʼnɲȎj q iŵ ÿȔi h ĵŶh ûŰšh Łh bh ŷi Šɰh žû žh ńû hįhŦ ĵļq žû Ųh `h ǽh Ǎj Ājŷjķ ǀj ųû Ȭh ˊKź h ih h Ġ ûk û h Š ʅh iŰŞů‹ j ğȍ‹ Ǎj ÿŷi ŰĿŲğ Ŵųh Ŭ Mĵ ô ĵŹh ŶjŲ Fp jKĵƚj ōh ɀů ĺ j l i h h û h k i h Šh h h i h h h h ŋjŧŠʃ Űj ɉ ŴjɆL ūj ɉɶŬ ūj ɉŠɶȡbh ͻ `źŰųh šû Ȭh Aźŵǽ ĵŲh ŴɆ j h i û h h ûi h Šh h ki hû h h h ȯ l Abŋi ŭ ĵŲh bh ðĵŹžj ųȎj ĵŹžjŲŋj ƣ ǚj ɦ= Ĺg Ɇh ŋû ũ ȁ j Ǎj ĵŶŰšŁ û û m h h i h ğ h i űû Źi ȩ;h ĵŁh AJ˯ ͼ `bŋi ši Œhȹ ĵŲh bh űû Źj jŏŧŵįjķ ƅj? `bŋi ŭųû Ȭh ğ i i i h i m h h û Šh û i Š ğ h h û Ġ h l i h x h h òjĬ‹ ŮŎK Șb j = ĵŲ ŮĿjŲ Șİŵ Ʋń ŴjŲİŵ Ŵů Aźɉĵũ ĹŽA; l i h û h h ğ i h h û h iğ i ûh i AźɊŋŁ= ŴŽjȑ‹ Ķžŕj ži Ŏh ÿñ ŷi hȋĵŎh jK Ůšh ƒ Ľžû ńh űi ŰŠ= Ĭ‹ h i l i h x h h h ğ h i ʼnőh BA f Ťh Ŕh ŊŠb jĬ‹ ʼnŶjŠ Kĵ ͽ `bŋi ŭųû Ȭh Aźŵǽ ĵųh j ķ ü ʼnŽj h û h û h ûh ih ûh h iğ ȹ ÿŷŽjʼnŹȬ `= Ĭ‹ jIŋj iŽ Ŵųh ȯ ŴŲh bh ˌűj Š ʄŎû Ƅjj ɉ ÿiaKh ʼnû Ŕh GǬ û ûh ğ i h û i ğhh e h ʼni šğ ŕğ hŽ ĵųh ȫɂŬ ĵŁq ŋh ńh ĵŪjžk ŗ ÿiaKh ʼnû Ŕh Ůšh ƒ ÿŷi ŰŘ j Ž `= Iŋj Ž h h ğ hh h û k iğ ihûh h h h mh ğ ƅ ŴŽjȑ‹ ȇ ōŁŋɉ‹ j Ĭ‹ Ůšƒ ūj ɉŠɶŬ ˏ ;j ĵųŏɉ‹ Ǎj û h h q h û i h kh i h h h h û ĵŶh Űŕğ Ŧ ʼnû ũ ñĵųžj ŪļŏɊ ūjɅK QŠɷ jŔ AŊŠɪbh ; `źŶji ŲİiŽ h ğ h ğ ğh h h h h k h j Š ɔ˖‹ ðűû Źj j ɅKh ʼnŶjŠ űj Š ʄŏɉ‹ KAi I űû Źi ɉø Ϳ `bŋi ŬŊŽ ˉp źû Ūj ů ĺ h ihûh l i h h iĠ h hih q Ʀh űû Ÿi Ǭ i i ûƘh _h źû Ɇh bh ΀ `ź ĵšžj ŰųšȬ Aźŵǽ ĵųjķ űŹȎj b źŸb h û h k iûh û h û h k û h h û h h h h i im űŸ>ĵhȎj bû = ^ĵũbh ōȸ ˌ j ƃ‹ j ǬšųŠɔ j ŴjŲ űĻǜŭļŎ‹ ʼnj ũ Ŵj Ơ‹ h h m ûh i û ĵŶh Ʌğ Kh ōȸƃ‹û Ŵjh Ųk ĵŶh ŰŁh = ĵŶh ŤŰɅh bh Ŗp šû ĸh j ķ ĵŶh Řšû Ȩh şh ļh ųû ļh Ŏ‹ j j ğ h û h mh h Šh û i Š hûh i ğ h h ŰŁğ h= dj m ȑ‹ğ ĵŲh ƅj? ĵŹžj ȯ ŴŽjȒj ɗ űȲƊźĿŲ Kĵȍ‹ ^ĵũ ô ĵhȍ ĺ k i h h h h h ğh ğ iğ hm h x ŰŠh űžj f ŭńh ū Ŗšû Ȩh Ƞj źh ŵ ūj ɉŠɶȡbh ΁ űžj ɅK `j? Ĭ‹ ô ;ĵő

mentioneda, if you indeed believe in His signsb. 119 And why should you not eat of that over which the Name of Allah has been mentioneda when He hasc detailed for you what He hasd prohibited for you, except that to which you are compelled? And many do indeed lead (others) e astray with their whims without (any) knowledge. Indeed, yoursg Lord knows better who the transgressors are. 120 So leavepl aside apparent sin as well as what is concealed thereof. Indeed, those who earn sin will definitely be repaid on account of what they used to perpetrate. 121 And do not eat from that over which the Name of Allah was not mentioneda, for it is grave disobedience. And the Satans do indeed reveal to their allies to argue with youpl; but if you obey them, you would surely be polytheists. 122 Is he who was lifeless, then We revived him and made for him a light by which he walks among mankind, as one whose likeness is in darkness(es), never emerging from them? Thus whatever the deniers have been doing was adorned for them. 123 And thus We set up in every town its leading criminals to scheme in it, but they scheme only against themselves, though they are unaware. And when a sign comes to them, they say, “We 124 will not believe unless we are brought the like of what was brought to Allah’s messengers.” Allah knows better where to set His messagef. Abasement (decreed) by Allah will afflict those who committed crimes, and severe punishment (too), on account of what they used to scheme. 125 Whomever Allah wants to guide, He expands his chest to (accept) Islam; and whomever He wants to lead astray, He makes his chest tight, constrictedg, as though he were gradually ascendingh in the sky. Allah thus lays abomination upon those who do not believe. 126 And this is your Lord’s path, straight. Wei have surely detailed the signs for people who constantly

 The Arabic word used also means ‘remembered’. b The Arabic word used is ayat (singular ayah). Ayah means ‘sign’ or ‘proof’. It is also used to denote the unit of text in the Qur’an, like ‘verse’ in poetry or ‘sentence’ in prose. Each such unit is considered a ‘sign’ from God. Qc All except Nafieʻ, Hafs, Abu Jaʻfar, Yaʻqub, Shuʻba, Hamza, Al-Kesa’i and Khalaf read it as: “. . . when what has been prohibited for you has been detailed for you . . .” Qd Shuʻba, Hamza, Al-Kesa’i and Khalaf read it as: “. . . when He has detailed for you what has been prohibited for you . . .” Qe All except for ʻAsem, Hamza, Al-Kesa’i, and Khalaf read it as: “And many do indeed go astray with their whims . . .” Qf All except for Ibn Kathir and Hafs read it as: “. . . His messages.” Qg Nafieʻ, Shuʻba and Abu Jaʻfar read it as: “. . . He makes his chest tight, very constricted . . .” Qh Ibn Kathir read it as: “as though he were ascending in the sky.” Shuʻba read it as: “. . . as though he were ascending on and on in the sky.” i A grammatical shift from 3rd person to 1st person. a

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û h h ûh h ğ h i û h l i h h üh û h h Ŵjk Ơ‹ j ǬšųŠɔ ΂ `źĸ jŏȲŽ Aźŵǽ ĵųjķ ˋŘšȨ ǻųj j ۊɾů‹ û h x i i hh h i i û hh űû Ȳžû ŰŠ `źŕĠ ŪȬh űû ȲŶjŲk ŮŎi Ki űû Ȳj ĻįhŽ űû ɉɁ ōȸ j ƃ‹ j b i û h h m h û i h i i h Šh h Ģ h h ĵhŵʼnû Źj őh l Aźiɉĵhũ ôˑŊh Šɪh űû Ȳj ȇ ŲźŽ ;ĵŪj ů űȲŵbKjŊŶɆb Ʋj ɔA; h h h l ğ i Ģ h i h h h û Ġ i Š h hû i i û ğ h h h i h űû Źi ȫɁ űû Źj jŏŧŵ= ȇ AbʼnŹj őb ĵžȫȐ‹ Cźžơ‹ űŹȩŋţb ðĵŶ jŏŧŵ= ğ h h h h h h l i h i h ŋjŧŠɦ ūj ŰŹû Ɋi ūɅĠ Kğ ŴȲhŽ űû ů `= ūj ɉŠə ΃ ŴɆ Aźŵǽ j h ki h h i Šh h i û h û i Š h iû x Š ɕh Kh Ih Ȃj ĵųjğ Ɋk ĺ p ůb ΄ `źŰŧj ɣ ĵŹŰŸ=b ˈp ŰŞjķ cŋŪů‹ l i h h i h h h h Ġh h Ġ Ťh ûů‹ ū ƴ ɅKb ΅ `źŰųh šû Ȭh ĵųğ ȭ Ůg jŧŠʀjķ ūɅĠ Kh ĵŲh bh Aźô Űųj Š j i û û h û û i h û ŋɉ‹ ğ bJi ĵŲğ űȡjʼnšû Ȩh Ŵü Ųj ťj Űňļh ŏû h ȹbh űû Ȳĸjû ŸŊiŽ įŒhȹ `j? ˏjĹƧ ğ h h ûh ğki k i h h h mh h im hh h ŋŇA ĵŲh `j? Ά ŴɆ j ; ˉg źũ jĹɆjKJ ŴjŲ űȱįŒȸ= ĵųŬ ;ĵŒȹ l i h û û h h ûi h i h i i h= m ĵŲh bh D˗ `b h Ōłšû ųi ķ űļŵ AźŰųȭ‹ _j źŪŠ ɔ Ůũ · ŴɆ ʼnŠźĻ ˌp j j j k i h h Šh h h h h h h x i i h `źȲĻ ŴŲh `źųi Űšû ȩ [źû ŏh Ŧ ð ŮjɊȕh ƭj j ? űû ȲjļŵǾŲh ȇ û h ğ ğ i h Šh ih ğ h ğ l i ĹĸjŪɢ ÿȔ jĬj AźŰšh Łh bh Έ `źųji ۊɾů‹ Ńji ŰŧȬi ƅ ÿŷi ŵj? ˏjKAȐ‹ h û û ğ h h l i h h q h Šh û h û h h hh h ğ ŕj ŵ űj ɿŵƁ‹b E jĬj AŊŠɪ AźɉĵŪȯ ĵĸž j ŋơ‹ ŴjŲ =KJ ĵųjɊ

remember. 127 For them is the Home of Peace with their Lord, and He is their Ultimate Guardian on account of what they used to do. 128 Thus on the day He herdsa them all together: “O assembly of unseen beingsb, you have surely done so much against humans.” But their allies among humans said c, “Our Lord, we enjoyed one another, and we have reached the term that you have assigned for us.” He said, “The Fire is your dwelling, wherein you abide, except as Allah wills. Indeed, your Lord is AllWise, All-Knowing. 129 And thus We make the unjust allies of one another on account of what they used to earn. 130 “O assembly of unseen beingsb and humans, did there not come to you messengers from among you, relating to you My signs and warning you of the meeting of this day of yours?” They said, “We have (now) testified against ourselves.” And the Earlier Life deceived them, and they testified against themselves that they were deniers. 131 That is because yoursg Lord would never destroy towns unjustly while their inhabitants are oblivious. 132 And for all there are degrees (of rank) according to how theyd acted, and yoursg Lord is not oblivious of how they act. 133 Thus your sg Lord is the SelfSufficient, the Possessor of mercy. If He wills, He can do away with youpl and give succession after you to whomever He wills, just as He initiated you from the offspring of other people. 134 Indeed, what you are promised is coming, and in no way can you thwart (God). 135 Say, “O my people, act according to your positione, surely, I am also acting (according to mine); then you will come to know who will have the future outcome of the (final) Home. Indeed, the unjust never succeed.” 136 And they set aside for Allah a share of the (yield of the) fields and the livestock He created, and they said, “This is for Allah,” according to their claim, “and this is for our associates.” But whatever was (deemed) for their associates does not reach Allah, yet whatever was (deemed) for Allah reaches their associates. Evil is their judgment! 137 Likewise, their associates have adorned for many polytheists the killing of their

h i mhh i h h h h h mhh i h h h û û h hh ɉ `ǽ ĵųȯ ðĵŶjɋȢǬj ɉ AŊŠɪb űŹj ųj ŠŌj ķ Ǔj? Ůŕj hŽ ƆŦ űû Źj j ɋȢǬj m h h i Šh i h h i h ğ h h h h ğ m Ǔj? Ůŕj Ž źŹȯ jĬj `ǽ ĵŲb ðjĬ‹ ĵŲh ;h ĵŎh ñűû Źj j ɋȢǨ h h ğ h h Šh h h h h h û iû h k h i i ûh `ź ų ŭƘ ɶ ȡ b Ůļû Ȱ ǻj ȡǬ ų ɉ‹ Ŵj Ų Ǟ Ŀ ŭj ů Ŵ Ɇ L ūj ɉ Ή j j p m l û h i i û i û i i h h i û Šh û h h I űû Źžû hŰŠh Aźŏi ȼŰhȎj bh űû Ÿb źû ɉbh ðűû Źi ŶŽj IǞj ů űŸ>ȢǨ űjŸʼnj ɧb= j j h ih ûh hh û i û h h i i h h h iğ hm h mĀj aŊj Šɪh l Aźiɉĵhũbh Ί `b ǛŧȬ ĵŲb űŸKŊŦ ðaźŰšȯ ĵŲ Ĭ‹ ;ĵő ğ m ğ û m hğ f û hûh űû Źj ųj ŠŌh j ķ ;i ĵŒȸ ŴŲh ƅj? ĵŹh ųi šh śû Ȭh ƅ ŋx łj ń Eŋû ńh bh űx Š ɿŵɁ h i i û h ğ x Šh ûhh h i i i û h k i f Šh ûhh ğ û `b ŋŬŊŽ ƅ űɿŵɁb ĵŸKźŹŝ ĺŲŋj ń űɿŵɁb jĬ‹ űh Ŏ‹ l h ih ûh i h h û žh Ŏh jŷžû hŰŠh ;e m AǛ h j ûŦ‹ ĵŹh žû hŰŠh ΋ `bǛ ŧȬ Aźŵǽ ĵųjķ űŹj ɆŌj ł ˏ hi h i ik x h h hûh û h l i hh ii _f ŋğ Ƥbh ĵŵjKźŬȑj Ĺŕjh ɉĵŇ űj Š ɿŵƁ‹ j aŊj Šɪ `ź j śȨ Ǎj ĵŲ Aźɉĵũb i i h û žh Ŏh ;i m Ȣh Ǩ h ŁŠɩh Lû h= ȇ û Źi ȯh Ĺq ļh žû Ųğ ŴȲ h Ģhh ðĵ j ŷ žj ȯ ű Ž `˯ Ŷ űû Źj ɆŌj ł ô j 



All except for Hafs and Rouh read it as: “. . . We herd them . . .” The Arabic word used is jinn which are unseen beings that are accountable for their actions. c Frequently the Qur’an addresses the events of the Hereafter in past tense; this grammatical shift should be pondered by the reader. Qd Ibn ʻAmer read it as: “. . . how you acted . . .” Qe Shuʻba read it as: “. . . your positions . . .” Qa b

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lm i hh h ğ h h û h x ŰŠh űžj f ŭńh ÿŷi ğŵ? űô û Źi ŧh Ŕû bh AźŰļȰ ŴŽjȑ‹ Ǫj Ň ʼnũ Ό űžj j me h û i ğ i i h h h h l i ğ h h û û h ü h h h û i h Š h û h ;AǛj Ŧ‹ Ĭ‹ űŹȰLK ĵŲ AźɊŋńb ˈp ŰjŠ Ǟ j Ťjķ ˋŹŧŎ űŸʼnɧb= ğ hh h ΍ ŴŽj h ʼnļh Źû Ɋi l Aźiŵǽh ĵŲh bh l AźŰĠ ŗh ʼnû hũ jôĬ‹ m ȑ‹ğ źh Ÿi bø ȇ dj h hû h h h û ğ ğh h û Ȯh bh ĺɝb Š h ŋi šû Ųh Ǟ Ůňğȍ‹bh ĺ p ɝb p Š ŋi šŲ ĺ p ŠɰŁ įŒȸ= h ğĠ h h iûğ h ii i i e hûi h û ğ h h û Ȯh bh ĵŹq ĸɺ Šj h hȽŲi `ĵ Ǟ Ųŋɉ‹b `źļɆŌɉ‹b ÿŷŰȱ= ĵŧj Űļƥ SKŌɉ‹b l ii ûh mh h ğ l i Š h hȽŲi _h źû hŽ ÿŷi Ūńh AźĻA;h bh ŋh ųh ȪɁ AJj? mĀj aŋj ųh Ȫ ŴjŲ Aźǿ pŷˏ j ĸɺ h ȯǪû ųi û ɉ‹ ĶjĠ Ƙi ƅh ÿŷi ğŵ? l Aźm ô iŦǪû i ȶ ƅh bh Āj ajIĵŕh ńh Ŵjh Ųbh Ύ ǻj j j ð j l i ğh hh iğ i i hh h ğ l ii q ûh h qh ih hûh û AźšjĸȽĻ ƅb Ĭ‹ űȲũLK ĵųjɊ Aźǿ ô ĵőŋŦb ĹůźƧ űj Š ɿŵƁ‹ h h i h iğ Šhû ğ x ĸŲĠ bx k ʼni Šh űû Ȳ h i Ĺžjh ŶŠʅh ľ Ώ ǻ ů ÿŷŵj? Ŵˏ j ɽžŒɉ‹ D j Š ʆśi Ň j h ğ m ûi ûhû û hû h h ûhû û ğ h k hûh Ŵj Ɇû ŋh ŬȑA;h Ůũ ˍǻ j ȿľ‹ Ōj šųɉ‹ ŴjŲb ǻ j ȿľ‹ `j įŘɉ‹ ŴjŲ ˌpFŠɩL= h i ûhh û i h û ûh h û h h h û ğh ûhh i û jh h ğ h ˌǻ j žȾŵƁ‹ _ĵńK= jŷžŰŠ ĺŰųļő‹ ĵŲ= ǻ j žȾŵƁ‹ _= _ŋń û û i h ûi ûhû h ikh h h ǻ j ȿľ‹ Ůj j ķƃ‹ j ŴjŲb ΐ ǻjȰʼnj Š ɞ űļŶŬ `j? ˈg Űjšjķ Țź j nZjĸȫ h ûhh i û h h h û h ğ m ûi ûhû h û ğ h h h h h ĵŲğ = ǻ j ȿľ‹ ŋj ŪȊ‹ ŴjŲb j žȾŵƁ‹ _j = _ŋń Ŵj ɆŋŬȑA; Ůũ ˍǻ û m i i i ûh ûhh i û i h ûh ûh h û h h h û Jj? ;h Aʼnh Źh ő űû ļŶ Ŭ _= ˌǻ j žȾŵƁ‹ _ĵńK= jŷžŰŠ ĺŰųļő‹ h ûh û h h h h iğ i i Š ğ h ğ hh Š hhû ğ i Ǜ ȯ‹ Ŵ ųj Ɋ ű Űŝ= Ŵųȯ ôˑŊŠʇjķ Ĭ‹ űȲƋŔb ȇ c Ĭ‹ j j h hğ ğ û û h h ğ ğ ik q h hû _h źû Ūů‹ djʼnŹû Ȭh ƅ Ĭ‹ `j? ˈˏ g ŰjŠ Ǟ j Ȏj ĵķjŊŬ j Ťjķ Mĵȍ‹ ŮŘ h hŠ h e ğ h i ğ h h i m h ğ m i ğ h j = ĵŲ Ǎj ʼni Ł ȇ ĵŲŋƤ Ǔj? Ƹb j = ƅ Ůũ Α ǻųj j ۊɾů‹ h e i û ğ qh ûh ehûh h i h h m ğ mi i h ûh bû = ĵńź ŧŏŲ ĵŲI b= ĹļžŲ `źȲŽ `= ƅj? ÿŷųšśȬ ˈjp ŠĵŚh ğ ûh ğ i e û ûh f û i ğ h ǣjŇ űh ơ ûh Ājôŷjķ jĬ‹ Ǟ j Ťj ů ŮjŸ= ĵŪŏj Ŧ b= ōŁjK ÿŷŵjıŦ ŋɆ j p h h ğ h ğ h h h h pTĵh h û h ğ i û x ŧi Ȯh ū xűžjńKğ Kź ɅK `jıŦ pIȕ ƅb ķ ǞȮ ŋśŗ‹ Ŵj ųh ȯ l i h h ğ hh h ği h û i i ŋj ŪhȊ‹ Ŵjh Ųbh ˌŋp ŧŝ djJ ȁ ĵŶh Ųû ŋğ ńh AbIĵŸ ŴŽj ȑ‹ ȇb Β m h i i i i û hhh h ğ m h i h i i û ûh h hû ğ h hhû h ĵųŸKźŹŝ ĺŰƧ ĵŲ ƅj? ĵųŹɊźŅő űŹj žŰŠ ĵŶŲŋń űj ŶŤů‹b h m û h h û û h h û h b= űð û Źj j žŤĸh j ķ űŹi Šɰh Ɇû Ōh Łh ūj ɉŠə ˈˏ p Şšh j ķ řh Űļh ҋ ĵŲh bû = ĵhŽAźh ơ‹ j

childrena in order to topple them and confound for them their religion. And had Allah willed, they would not have done it, so leave them and what they fabricate. 138 And they said, “Such livestock and fields are restricted; none may eat of them except whom we will,” by their claims, and livestock whose backs were forbidden, and livestock over which they do not mentionb the name of Allah— fabricating lies against Him. He will repay them on account of what they used to fabricate. 139 And they said, “What lies in the bellies of such livestock is exclusively for our males and prohibited to our spouses.” But if it is stillborn, they can share in it. He will repay them for their description. Indeed, He is All-Wise, All-Knowing. 140 Lost indeed are those who killedc their children foolishly with no basis in knowledge, and forbade what Allah had provided for them by fabricating (lies) against Allah. Surely, they went astray and never were they guided. 141 And it is He Who initiated gardens, both cultivated and wild, and date-palms and vegetation of diverse crops and olives and pomegranates, similar yet dissimilar. Eat pl of its produce when it has yielded its produce and bring its due on the day of its harvest, and do not be extravagant; surely He does not love the extravagantd. 142 And of the livestock are load carriers and those too small. Eat of what Allah has provided you and do not follow the footsteps of Satan; indeed, he is to you an evident enemy. 143 (Suppose there are) eight pairs: of sheep there are two (pairs) and of goats there are two. Saysg, “Did He forbid the two males or the two females or what the wombs of the two females contain? Informpl me with knowledge, if you are truthful.” 144 And of camels there are two, and of cattle there are two. Say, “Did He forbid the two males or the two females or what the wombs of the two females contain? Or were you witnesses when Allah admonished you with this?” So who is more unjust than one who fabricated lies against Allah in order to lead mankind astray without knowledge? Indeed, Allah does not guide unjust people. 145 Say, “In what was revealed to me, I find nothing forbidden to any  eat it, except carrion or flowing eater who would



Ibn ʻAmer read it as: “Likewise, for many polytheists, the killing of their children has been adorned by their associates in order to . . .” b The Arabic word used also means ‘remember’. Qc Ibn Kathir and Ibn ʻAmer read it as: “. . . who kept killing their children . . .” d The same Arabic word, musrifeen, is used for extremists. Qa

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h h i h h ğ hû i i Ġğ ih h iğ h pĹƧKh bJ űû ȲɅK ŮŪȯ ]źķŊŬ `jıŦ Γ `źũjʼnŠɻů ĵŵ˯ i i û ųi û ɉ‹ _j źû Ūh ûů‹ ŴŠh ÿŷi Ŏi ûįhķ IĠ ŋh iŽ ƅh bh Ĺšjh ŎŠɩh h Ųŋł ^źŪžh Ŏh Δ ǻj p j j hh h imh h m hh h û h û h m h iğ hm h ûh l i h û h h ğ ƅb ĵŵ>ĵķA; ƅb ĵŶȡǨ= ĵŲ Ĭ‹ ;ĵő źɉ AźȡǨ= ŴŽjȑ‹ h ȑ‹ğ Bh Ŋğ Ŭh ūjh ɉŠɶh Ŭh ˏ ;p ƾ û h ŴjŲ ĵŶh Ųû ŋğ ńh Š ğ ńh űû Źj j Űĸû Ȱh ŴjŲ ŴŽj Ʋ û l i h m h i i û ih û û k i h ûh ûi `j? ð ĵhȍ aź Łŋj ňļȯ ˈp ŰjŠ ŴjŲ űȱʼnŶjŠ ŮŸ Ůũ ñĵŶh Ŏh įhķ AźũAJ ğ h ğh ûi ûh ğ i h û h ğ ˓ Ůũ Ε `źŔi ŋi ƛ ƅj? űû ļŵ = `˯ Ŵğ Şů‹ ƅj? `źši j ĸȽĻ i Š h h h h m h û h h ð i h Š h û i ğ iû h û h= űû Ȳ h šƦ ğűŰi Ÿh Ůû iũ Ζ ǻ ƊʼnŹɉ ;ĵő źŰŦ ĹŤj Űɭů‹ Ĺłơ‹ j h h h h h i h ûh h ğ i i hmh h i h ğ `ğ = `b ʼnŹŒȹ ŴŽjȑ‹ űȱ;AʼnŹő `jıŦ ðˑŊŠɪ _h ŋğ ńh Ĭ‹ h ğ h l iğ h h m û ûh hh l h ğh AźķŊŬ ŴŽjȑ‹ ;h Aźh Ÿ= şû j ĸȽĻ ƅbh űô û Źi šh Ųh ʼnû Źh Œȶ ƆŦ Abʼni Źj ő h i h û h h ğ h h Šh i `źɉjʼnšû Ȭh űû Źj j Ʌk ŋh j ķ űŸbh j Cŋjh Ň˖ĭjķ `źŶji ŲİiŽ ƅ ŴŽj ȑ‹b ĵŶjļɔ˲ hğ û i û h h û i Ġ h h h h i û h l û h h h û i ƅɁ ðűȲžŰŠ űȲɅK _ŋğ ń ĵŲ ŮĻɁ Aźɉĵšȩ Ůũø Η lm i i ûh hh qŠh û û l i ûi q h AźŰļŪȩ ƅb ðĵŶɹńj? Ŵj ûŽȐh j Š ʆh ůĭj Ʌbh ðĵnZžû ő Ājŷjķ AźȡǬ j ȶ ğ h l i h û h h û i ğ û i i i û h i û Šh û û k i h Šh û h AźɅŋŪȩ ƅb ðűŸĵŽ˯ űȲũLŋŵ ŴƗ Ũp ʄŲj? ŴjŲ űȱʼnɧb= û l i ûh h hû h h ōh ŧğȍ‹ AźŰļi Ūȩ ƅbh ðŴh śh Ȩh ĵŲh bh ĵŹh Ŷjû Ų ŋh Źh ŝ ĵŲh ŐjńŠʆh ŧů‹ ğ iğ hğ h ğ i ğ h i i h k hû _ŋń Ʋj ů‹ űû ȲŰšh ů Ājŷjķ űȲŠƋŔğ bh űû Ȳj ůŠə Ũ ˏ j ơĭjķ ƅj? Ĭ‹ h ğ ğ h i ûh hȎ‹û ^ĵh Ųh l AźɅi ŋh Ūû ȩh ƅh bh Θ `ź h j Ʋůĭ ŰjŪšȩ Ŵi ŏh ńû = Ǘ ķ ƅ ? űž Ƚ j j j j j h û û h h û h hû h û l iûhh i ğ i h h iûh ğ h Š ń ˌ j ŏjŪůĭjķ `AǤųj ɉ‹b Ůžŭů‹ AźŦb=b ÿô aʼnő= ŢŰĸȬ Ʋ ƅř ğ h h h h l i û h ûi h ûh ik h i AJ `ǽ źû ɉbh AźɉjʼnŠĭŦ űû ļi Űũ AJ˯ ðĵŹh šh Ŏû bi ƅj? ĵŏe ŧȫ ťj ŰȲŵ i ğ h i i h l i h ğ Š h ŋû iũ űû ȲŰšh ů Ājŷjķ űȲŠƋŔğ bh űû Ȳj ůŠə Aźô Ŧbû = jĬ‹ ʼnj Źû šh j Ʌbh ˌȗ h i i ğ h q h û i h h ğh h ğ hh ƅbh ðaź šj ĸĻĭŦ ĵųžjŪļŏɊ Džj Š ɷh Ŕ j AŊŠɪ `=bh Ι `bŋi ŬŊĻ h h h h Ġ l i ğh h i i h AźšjĸȽĻ űû Ȳj ůŠə ĀjôŷjŰžjȼŎh ŴŠ űû Ȳjķ \ŋğ ŧļh ȯ Ůĸi ŏɉ‹ h iğh û i ğhh i h Ɋi ĵŶh ûɀhĻA;h űğ Ȫi Κ `ź Ūļȩ űȲŰšů Ājŷjķ űȲŠƋŔğ bh ƽź ki k q û h h h h û h m ğ hh e h h h Šh û û h Ȃj ;p ƾ j ů‹ j ů Ɔžŕj ŧȩb Ŵŏń= djȑ‹ ȇ ĵŲĵųȩ Ķɮŭ

blood or the f lesh of swine—because it is an abomination—or an ungodly offering dedicated to other than Allah. But if anyone is compelled by necessity without being deliberate or transgressing, then indeed, your sg Lord is Oft-Forgiving, Bestowing of mercy. 146 And for the ones who have Judaized We have forbidden everything with claws, and of cattle and sheep We have forbidden them their fat—except what is carried on theirdl backs or the entrails or what is mixed with bone. This is how We repaid them for their oppression, and very truly, We are truthful. 147 So if they disbelieve you, then say, “Your Lord is Possessor of all-embracing mercy, but His chastisement is never turned back from the criminal people.” 148 Those who associated (others with God) will say, “Had Allah willed, we would not have associated (others with Him), nor would have our forefathers, nor would we have prohibited anything.” Likewise, those before them disbelieved until they tasted Our chastisement. Say, “Do you have any knowledge that you can bring forth for us? You follow nothing but assumptions, and you do nothing but guess.” 149 Saysg, “Yet to Allah belongs the conclusive argument, so had He willed, He would have guided you all.” 150 Say, “Bring your witnesses who would testify that Allah has prohibited this.” So if they testify, do not testify with them. And do not follow the whims of those who disbelieved in Our signs and those who do not believe in the Hereafter and who equate others with their Lord. 151 Say, “Come, let me tell youpl what your Lord has forbidden: that you shall not associate anything with Him, and towards your parents you shall show kindness, and you shall not kill your children because of poverty—We provide for you and for them, and you shall not come near obscenities—what is apparent of it and what is concealed, and you shall not kill the self which Allah has made inviolable—except in the course of justice. All this He has enjoined upon you, that you may reason. 152 And you shall not come near the wealth of the orphan except with the best (intentions) until he reaches his full strength. And you shall give  full measure with justice—We full weight and never task any self beyond its capacity. And when youpl speak, you shall be fair, even if it concerns a relative. And you shall fulfil your covenant with Allah. All this He has enjoined upon you, that you



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ğ ğ qhûh h mh h h h û qi AŊŠɪbh Λ `źŶji ŲİiŽ űû Źj j Ʌk Kh j;ĵŪj Űjķ űŹi Űšh ů ĹƧ Kb cʼnŸbh h i h ûi û i ğ h h l i ğ h i i ğ h x h h i iŠh û h h f Šh `źƧ ŋĻ űȲŰšů AźŪȩ‹b aźšjĸĻĭŦ ]KĵĸŲ ŷɰůŌŵ= ĶɮjŬ hh i h û h i m h ğ lmi ih h hĵŶj Űĸû Ȱh ŴjŲ ǻû ļh ŧh ɋmĵŚh ȇ Š ĶŠɮjŭů‹ ^Ōŵ j j j = ĵųȫj? AźɉźŪȩ `= Μ h i m ğh ûh l i ih ûh h h ŰŧŠʀh ů űû ŹļŎA h Kjh I ŴŠh ĵŶğ Ŭi `˯ ^Ōŵ = ĵ ȫ Ɂ ź ɉ Aź ɉź Ū ȩ b = Ν ǻj j j j j x hkh i hm h û h h û i û Š h û h m ğ i h i Šh û hûh h ĹŶjɀķ űȱ;ĵŁ ʼnŪȯ űô ŹŶjŲ cʼnŸ= ĵŶŭů Ķɮjŭů‹ ĵŶžŰŠ h ûh h x hû ğ h qi i k k h ĺ j Š ɔ˲ Bh ŊŬ Ŵųjğ Ɋ űi Űŝ= Ŵû ųh ȯ ô ĹƧKh bh cʼnŸbh űû ȲjɅKğ ŴjŲ h h i h û h h hûh h h h h ğ h ȑ‹ğ dŌł ĵŶh j ļŠɔA;h Ŵû ȭ `źŦjʼnŕû hŽ ŴŽj j ŶŎ ñĵŹŶȭ [ʼnŔb jĬ‹ h mğ h i ûh l i h h hû hm i h i `= ƅj? `bŋi ŞŶhŽ ŮŸ Ξ `źŦjʼnŕû hŽ Aźŵǽ ĵųh j ķ BA j Ŋšů‹ ;źŎ i û h ûh ûh h Ġ h h ûh ûh i h Ģh hû i i h ûh h ĺ j Š ɔA;h ŖšȨh ƫ j įŽ b= ūɅK ƫj įŽ b= ĹŭjɌˁųɉ‹ űŹžjȩįĻ h h h h k h Šh h i û h ûh h û h h k h h ? ĵŏe ŧû ȫh şi ŧŶ ĵŹh Ŷi Š ʅŽ Ž ƅ ūjɅK ĺ j ɔA; ŖšȨ ƫj įŽ _źŽ ñ ūjɅK j h h ?Ǎ û h h h û iûh û hh h û i h ûh q û Ňh ĵŹjh ŶŠʅŽ ñˊǞ j m j ĺĸŏŬ b= ŮĸȰ ŴjŲ ĺŶŲA; ŴȲĻ űɉ i h i h i ğ lm i h h I l Aźiũŋğ hŦ ŴŽj h ȑ‹ğ `ğ ? Ο `b űû Źi ŶŽj ŋŞj ļŶŲ ĵŵj? AbŋŞj ļŵ‹ Ůj ũ j i ğ h i h m ğ û h h ŏû ůğ ĵšq žjh ő l AźiŵȢh bh űğ Ȫ jĬ‹ Ǔj? űû Ÿŋi Ɋû = ĵųh ȫj? ˏ ;g ƾ Ǎj űû Źi Ŷjû Ų ĺ hh h i h ûh l i h h ii khi h û ķ ;h m ĵŁh ŴŲh Π `ź ÿŷi ŰŦ jĹŶh ŏh ơĭ ŰšŧȬ Aźŵǽ ĵųjķ űŹĴjĸȿŽ j hû ğ Ģ hûi hh h k ğ hm h hh h hûh i û h ĵŹh ŰĿjŲ ƅj? c Ōƒ ƆŦ jĹĴjɀŏɉĭjķ ;ĵŁ ŴŲb ðĵŹj ɉĵĿŲ= ǬŠ h mkh Š h h ğ ûi h ih ûi h û ih Qp Š ɷh Ŕ K ƴ Ɗ ʼn Ÿ ƴ ŵ ? Ů ũ Ρ `ź ųŰŞȬ ƅ űŸb j ǓŠ j ? ȗ j j j j q h h h ŸŠɷh ûķ? Ĺh Űjğ Ųk ĵųq žjh Ȱ ĵŶŽjq I ˈžjŪļh ŏû ŲĠ Ŵjh Ų `ǽ ĵŲh bh ô ĵŧžj Ŷńh űžj j p h h ğ ûi û iû ğ h iih h h h h hûh h jĬj ƫĵ j ųɊb dĵžƤb ǒj ŏȸb ƫj ƆŔ `j? Ůũ ΢ ǻj ȡǬ j ųɉ‹ i h h h h h h i h úhh h h h û k Kh ^bğ = ĵŵɁbh Di ŋjû Ɋ= ūj ɉŠɶjɅbh ÿð Ȕi ūɆǨ j j ƅ Σ ǻųj ۊɿů‹ B h h k h i h û i ğ hû h ųjŰŏû ųi û ɉ‹ û ȁ BĠ Kh źh Ÿi bh ĵɅkq Kh njûķɁ jĬ‹ ǞȮ= Ůũ Τ ǻ j ˏ p;ƾ j j ğ h hh ûh Ġi i û h hh x h Kh Lû jb CKh jLAbh Ki Ōj Ļ ƅbh ô ĵŹh žû ŰŠ ƅj? ōg ŧȫ ȁ Ķ jŏȲĻ ƅb i i k h i h û i i û ğ i k h Šh ğ i Š h û i i Ŭi ĵųh ķ űȲ űû ļŶ Ĵj ĸȿžȯ űȲšŁ ô ŋŇ= j ŋŲ űȲjɅK Ǔj? űȪ c j hû h h h û i hh h ğ h i hûh Ģ Ň űȲŰšŁ djȑ‹ źh Ÿi bh Υ `ź j Ɓ‹ ťjɌˁ ŧj Űļƛ jŷžjȯ P˱

may remembera.” 153 Andb (know that) this is My path, straight, so followpl it. And do not follow the (other) ways, lest they divert youc from His way. All this He has enjoined upon you, that you may be mindful (of God). 154 Then We brought Moses the Scripture, perfect for the one who excelled in doing good, and detailing everything, and guidance and mercy, that they may believe in the meeting with their Lord. 155 And this (too) is a blessed Scripture that We sent down, so followpl it and be righteous, that you may receive mercy. 156 Lest youpl say, “The Scripture was sent down to two factions before us, and we were indeed oblivious of their teachings.” 157 Or lest you say, “Had the Scripture been sent down to us, we would have been better guided than them.” Most surely, an evident explanation has come to you from your Lord, and guidance and mercy. Who then does greater injustice than one who considered Allah’s signs to be a lie and kept turning away from them? Wed will repay those who keep turning away from Our signs with the worst kind of punishment on account of how they used to constantly turn away. Are they waiting for anything but for the angels 158 to come to them or for your Lord to come or for some of your Lord’s signs to come? On the day when some of your Lord’s signs come, no self will benefit from attaining faith unless it had attained faith previously or had earned goodness through its faith. Saysg, “Wait; indeed, we too are waiting.” 159 Indeed, the ones who have caused disunity ine their religion and became sects—yousg have nothing to do with them. Rather, their case rests with Allah, then He informs them of what they used to do. 160 Whoever has come up with a good deed—for him there is ten times its likef, and whoever has come up with an evil deed will be repaid only with its equivalent, and they will not be dealt with unjustly. Say, “Surely (as for) myself, my Lord has guided 161 me to a straight path—an upright religiong—the creed of Abraham who turned away from all that is false, and never was he one of the polytheists.” 162 Say, “Indeed, my prayer and my rites and my way





All except for Hafs, Hamza, Al-Kesa’i and Khalaf read it as: “. . . that you may remind yourselves.” Qb Hamza, Al-Kesa’i and Khalaf read it as: “And indeed, this is my path . . .” Qc Al-Bazzy read it as: “. . . lest they divert with you from His way.” d A grammatical shift from 3rd person to 1st person. Qe Hamza and Al-Kesa’i read it as: “. . . the ones who have departed from their religion . . .” Qf Yaʻqub read it as: “. . . for him there are ten (others) like it . . .” Qg Nafieʻ, Ibn Kathir, Abu ʻAmr, Abu Jaʻfar and Yaʻqub read it as: “. . . a truly upright religion . . .” Qa

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i i k Šh hh mh ûh hûh û i h ûh h hh h ĵŲ Ǎj űû ȡźh Űĸû hȎj ĺ p ɕKI Ŗp šȨ \źŦ űȲŘšȨ şȯKb h ğh ğ û i Šh h i Ǧh ū i ńKğ xKźŧi Ťh hů ÿŷi ğŵ˯ BĵŪh jšûů‹ şɆ Φ ü űžj ɅK `j? ñűȲƋĻA; j j i i k Šh hh mh û h h û h û i h û h h h h h ĵŲ Ǎj űû ȡźh Űĸû hȎj ĺ p ɕKI Ŗp šȨ \źŦ űȲŘšȨ şȯKb  h ğh ğ û i Šh h i Ǧh ū i ńKğ xKźŧi Ťh hů ÿŷi ğŵ˯ BĵŪh jšûů‹ şɆ Φ ü űžj Ʌ K ` ? ű Ȳ Ƌ ĻA ; j ñ j j     ûh h i h i  [j ŋA ȭƁA CKźŎ̀ ğ ğ ˵ŋɉ‹ ğ jĬ‹ űžj ƈ j ńŋɉ‹  h û ih i h [j ŋA ȭƁA CKźŎ̀ i h ğ h h h û ğ h hğ i f Š h h]Kʼnû Ŕh Ǎ ŴȲ m ųm m ɉA Ž Ɔ Ŧ ū Ȏ ? ^ Ōŵ = Ķ ɮj Ŭ ̂ œ j j j j űžj j ńŋɉ‹ ˵ŋɉ‹ jĬ‹ ƈ mh l i ğ û û Š hû h x h ĵŲ AźšjĸĻ‹ ̃ ǻj ŶŲj İųi Űj ɉ c ŋŬjJb Ājŷjķ Kjh ŊŶi jȋ ŷi Ŷjû Ųk Fŋh ńh h h h h û ih ki ğ k i û h h m i hñ h m ĵȎh j û bû =h mĀjŷjŵbIi Ŵji Ų h l Aźši h ĸh Ƚğ hĻ ƅ h Ŵjf ŲŠɮjh ŬűȲ ^m Ōŵ ; j Ʌ=K Ķ j ųm ɉA= ]jKʼnŔ Ǎj ŴȲh Ž Ɔj Ŧ ūbûȎj?űȲ ^Ōŵ ̂Ȏj?œ j û h û û h ûûh k û h h h h i ği h h i û kğ x q h h h h h ğ h Šɰh ŭ m ĵŸhh ;h l m ĵł Űh ŸŶ=Ųj Ĺİg Ɇųi ŋŰjũɉ Ŵjc ũ Š Ųŋh ŬjűȡJbbh ̄ ĵŲ Aźši j ĸŦĻ‹ĵŹ̃ ǻj Ājŷjķ`b KjŊŋŶŬh jȋŊĻŷŶjĵŲŲ Ɔžj FŋŰń û û h h h h h h i i m h û i k û i e Š h h h h h i hi h û j ɋĵũ Ʌk KğűŸŴjŲb=űȲ hñ mj ĵ? Ȏh j űûbû Ź=i Š ƊmĀjźh ŷŠû j ŵIhbIi `h ŴjǽŲ l ĵAźųh ši ȯĸȽğ ̅ ĵļɱûȎķ j ? ĵ^ŶŎŌŵįķ= J ; j Ļ ƅb`źűŰȲ j j h ğ h û ųh j ۊɡhh û ĵh Ŷğ Ŭi kĵğŵ? l Ahźm ih ɉĵhũ `=h mƅ?i m ğĵŶh h Ŏi h ûįhķ ğ űŸi ;qh m ĵŁh h ğŴh Űh h nZh m ŏû h hȿh hŰhŦ h ̆h û ǻ ĵŸ;ĵłŦ ĵŹŠɰŭŰŸj = Ĺg Ɇŋũ ŴjŲ j űȡb ̄ `bŋj ŬŊĻ ĵŲi Ɔžj Űũ ûğ h h h ŰŎh h ŋû h ųi û ɉ‹ Ŵğ hŰh nZh ŏû i hȿm hůh bh ûűû i ŹûȎh ?û h Ůjh Ŏ û h = ŴŽj h h i ȑ‹ û ğ ŕğ û Ūi i Ŷh Š hŰh hŦû ḣ h ǻj e h Ŵ K j Jj? űŹƊźŠI `ǽ ĵųȯ ̅ `źŰjɋĵũ űŸj b= ĵļŠɱķ ĵŶŎįķ h ğ ĸɋlm Ȗm h i h ĵŶğ Ŭi h ĵm Ųh ğ bh m ˈh i ûŰšû h ķ űi Źh žû m hŰŠh h h û h û hŊg h Ɍh Ųh źû hŽ `i h Lû źh û ɉ‹bŠ h h ̈ğ i ǻ Ũğ Ġ Űơ‹ ôŴ Zn ŏȿŰj Ŧ ̆ ǻųj j Űɡ ĵŶŬ ĵŵj j ?j Aźi ɉĵũ `= ƅj? ĵˌpŶŎj įjķ űŸj ;ĵŁ h i h û i û h û i i ûi h ğ h Ģ h h û l h h h h i û i Š h h h h û h û i h h h ğ h ûğ Ųh ğ bh i ̉ h h `ź h Ŵ Ŵȑ‹ ųȯ Ŵj ŰɌʤnZŏbįȿŦůbÿŷi űŶɆŹj jLûȎʆj ?Ų ŮjĺŎKŰŪ= ȪŴŽj ŴŕŪŶŰŦ ̇h Ņj ŰǻjŧųŰɉ‹ŎŋűųŸɉ‹ ū ğ l h i û h i m û i h û hh h h m h h Ģ ğ l i h h h i i û Š h h û û ğ h h h Ġ h jh ķû űŹiŊŏɌh Ųh ŧŵ = AbǪj Ň ŴŽjȑ‹j ĸɋū ɌʤbįŦ ÿŷŶɆLʆŲ ĺŧŇ g ô ĵŨųơ‹ j Ȗj ĵŶŬ ĵŲb ˌpˈj Űjšjķ űŹj l žŰŠ h û j źŽû `i Lźğ ɉ‹ğ b h ̈û h ǻ h h ii û h h h h û Š h i h i h h h û û i h h h l i h `ź û j Ųh bh Ɓ‹̉Ǎ`ź P˱ ŰLŞŠ ʆȬŲ ĵĺ Ŷjļɔ˲ j h űŅji Ȳ Ŵ ŰŧŠɰųi ɉ‹ŭŲűi ŸʼnŪūůbj ɌʤĢ ̊ bįŦ ÿŷi ųjŶɆ ŰŪȪ AźŴŵųǽȯ j q h i h i h i h h i l m û h h ğ h ğ h h h Š h h lh i h h i i û i h h h h û û h ğ h h h ʼnĵû ųh Ūķůbh ű̋ `bŋŭiŒȶ ĵŲ Ɔžj Űũ ŐɀɿŲ ĵŹžjȯ űȲů ĵŶŰšŁb j Źŏŧŵ= AbǪj Ň ŴŽjȑ‹ ñ ūj j ɌʤĢ bįŦ ÿŷŶɆLŠʆŲ ĺŧŇ l i i h û û h h h û ğ h û i hğ h i û i hh û ğ h û ğ i j û i h l û h h h i h Ģ ųŠ Űğ j ɉ ĵŶh Űũû űȪh űȲŠɓKźi Ŕ űh Ȫ h űŠ Ȳ iˁ AbjʼnłƁ‹Ŏ‹ǍjĹj ŭűû j ɌȲ P˱ ɰŭŲ ʼnŪůb ̊ `źųj ŰŞȬ ĵŶjļɔ˲ŠɰAźŪŰŵŇ ǽ ğ l h m h ğ h i k û h h i h h û h m q h h û h h i Š i Ŵjû Ųh Ŵğ ȲŽ űh ɉ ōɀj h h ʼnł h ɹů‹ h h ƅ i łŏŦh _h I˕ h j ?ȯ Abűû ʼnȲ ̌ ʼnû ŪůŴŽj b ̋j `b ŋŭŒȶ ĵŲ Ɔžj Űũ ñŐjɀŠɿŰŲh ķj? ĵŹžj ů ĵŶŰšŁh bh l i i û h h hû hûi ğ i û i hû ğ h ğ i û i h ûh h Ģ ųŰj ɉ ĵŶŰũ űȪ űȲŠɓKźŔ űȪ űȲŠɰŪŰŇ Ab ʼnłŎ‹ jĹŭjɌˁ ğ h k i h ûh h û m ğ lm i h h h h h h ʼnłɹů‹ ̌ ŴŽj j Š ŴjŲ ŴȲŽ űɉ ōɀj Űķj? ƅj? AbʼnłŏŦ _I˕

of living and my way of dying are for Allah, Lord of all realms. 163 No associate is there for Him, and to this I have been commanded, and I am the first of the Muslimsa. 164 Say, “Am I to seek a Lord other than Allah when He is the Lord of everything?” And not a single self earns except what it is due, and no bearer of burden bears the burden of another. Then to your pl Lord is your return, then He will inform you regarding whatever you used to differ over. 165 And it is He Who made you successors on the earth and elevated some of you by degrees over others in order to test you through what He has brought you. Indeed, your sg Lord is Swift in punishment, and He is most surely Oft-Forgiving, Bestowing of mercy.

7� The Elevations In the name of Allah, the All-Merciful, the Bestower of mercy Alif Lām Mīm Sâd. 2 A Scripture which was sent down to yousg, so let there be no discomfort in your chest because of it, that you may warn with it, and a reminding for the believers: 3 “Followpl what was sent down to you from your Lord, and do not follow other guardians apart from Him. Little do you remind yourselvesb.” 4 And how many a town have We annihilated, such that Our chastisement came upon them while sleeping at night or while they were napping at noon. 5 But their only cry when Our chastisement came upon them was, “We were indeed unjust.” 6 We will most surely ask those to whom messages were sent, and We will most surely ask the emissaries. 7 Then We will most surely relate to them with knowledge, for We were never absent. 8 And the scale on that day is the truth. So those whose scales weigh heavy—those are the successful, 9 while those whose scales weigh light— those are the ones who have lost themselves on account of the injustice they used to do regarding our signs. 10 And very truly We have established  and made for you in it livelihood. youpl in the earth Rarely do you give thanks. 11 And very truly We 1



The Arabic word used is Muslimeen which means those who willingly submit to God, regardless of which prophet they  followed. Qb Ibn ʻAmer read it as: “Little do they remind themselves.” All the others except for Hafs, Hamza, Al-Kesa’i and Khalaf read it as: “Little do you remember.” a

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h h h ğh h h úhh h h h i h û ŷi Ŷjû Ųk xǞû Ň ĵŵɁ ^ĵũ ðūĻŋû Ɋh = Jj? ʼnh łi ŏû ȶ ƅɁ ūšh Ŷh Ųh ĵŲh ^ĵũ û h h h hûh h ihûh h h ğ ĵŹh Ŷjû Ų řû j ĸŸĭŦ ^ĵũ ̍ ǻj p Ś ŴjŲ ÿŷļŪŰŇb pKĵŵ ŴjŲ ƴj ļŪŰŇ h hh h h h i i h h h h ğ û û h h hğŭ Ŵjh Ų ūŵj? Fŋi ŇĭŦ ĵŹžj ȯ ǚ ļȩ `= ūɉ `źȲŽ ĵųȯ h h h h h h i ğ h ğ h h m ŋû Şŵ ūŵj? ^ĵũ ̏ `źĿšh ĸû Ȭi _j źû hŽ ǓŠ j ? Ț j j = ^ĵũ ̎ ŴɆŋj jŤŠɻů‹ h ğ ûhh h û h m h h h h iû h h ŋŞŶ űû Źi ɉ `ʼnh ši ȰƁ ƴj ȽɆû źh ţ= ĵųh j ĸŦ ^ĵũ ̐ ŴɆ j ųɉ‹ ŴjŲ h ûh k iğh ğ i h h û iû h h h j Ŵjû Ųbh űû Źj ŽjʼnûŽɁ ǻ j Ȩ Ŵü Ųj űŹŶɀj Ļ˗ űȪ ̑ űžjŪļŏųɉ‹ ūŚŠɷŔ i hh û h i h h h û m h h h h û Šh ûh û h h û û h űû Ÿǜ ȱ= ʼnƏ j ƅb ðűŹj j Űjɋĵųő ŴŠb űŹj j ŶʅŽɁ Ŵȭb űŹj jŧŰŇ ğh q i û ğ q i û h h û û i û h h h h ŋjŭɝ Ŵųɉ ðˊKźńʼnŲ ĵŲb;ŊŲ ĵŹŶjŲ Fŋҋ ^ĵũ ̒ ŴɆ j Š ğhh ûhh û iû h h h ûh û i h nh Ģ h h ğ h h i_Iĵ h h h Zʑb ̓ ǻjšƦ= űȲŶjŲ űŶŹŁ `ƂɊƁ űŹŶjŲ ūšjĸĻ h h h i û i û h û h i h h ğ hû h i û h h h h û i û ƅb ĵųļȻjő Ľžń ŴjŲ ȄŦ ĹŶƠ‹ ūŁbLb ĺŵ= ŴȲŎ‹

created you, then We designed you, then We said to the angels, “Prostrate to Adam.” So they prostrated—but not Iblisa; he was not of those who prostrated themselves. 12 He said, “What prevented you from prostrating yourself when I commanded you?” He said, “I am better than him; You created me from fire and created him from clay.” 13 He said, “So get down from it, for it is not for you to behave arrogantly in it. So get out! You are indeed one of the belittled!” 14 He said, “Reprieve me until the day they are resurrected.” 15 He said, “You are indeed of those reprieved.” 16 He said, “So because You have deluded me, I will most surely waylay them on Your straight path. 17 Then I will most surely come at them from before them and from behind them and from their right and from their left, and you will not find most of them appreciative.” 18 He said, “Get out of it, despised, vanquished; whoever of them follows you—I will most surely fill up Hell with you all. 19 And O Adam, settle in the Garden, you and your spouse, and eat of whatever youdl wish. But neither one of you shall approach this tree lest youdl become of the unjust.” 20 But Satan whispered to themdl to reveal to them what had been covered from them of their private parts. And he said, “Yourdl Lord has only forbidden youdl this tree lest youdl become angels or become of the immortals.” And he swore to themdl, “I am most surely a 21 sincere advisor to youdl.” 22 So he lured themdl with deceit. So when theydl tasted the tree, their private parts became visible to them and they began covering themselves with the leaves of the Garden, and their Lord called out to themdl, “Did I not forbid you both from this tree and tell youdl that Satan is an evident enemy to you?” 23 Theydl said, “Our Lord, we have been unjust to ourselves. And unless You forgive us and have mercy on us, we will certainly be of the losers.” 24 He said, “Descendpl as enemies to one another, and in the earth you will have a place of settlement and enjoyment for a while.” 25 He said, “In it youpl live, and in it you die, and from it you are brought outb.” 26 O Children of Adam, We have sent down upon you garments to  cover your private parts and for luxury. But the c garment of mindfulness (of God) —that is better.

ûh ğ h h i hh hh h ğ h h ųjۊɾů‹ ǻ ŴjŲ ĵŵźŭļȯ CŋłŒɉ‹ j aŊj Šɪ ĵɅh ŋh Ūȩ j h h ûi i Š hû ğ h dh jKÿbi ĵŲh ĵųh Źi ɉ dj ʼnĸȎj ŴɽžŒɉ‹ ĵųh Źi ɉ ğ h h i Ġh h i Š hh h h hh h û h j Cŋh łh Œɉ‹ j aŊj Šɪ Ŵû ȭ ĵųh Ȳ ɅK ĵųŭƋŹȫ ĵŲ ^ĵũb ĵųŹj j Ļ˛źŎ h û h h i h ûh ûh h h h i h h mğ h Ȓj Šɴ ů‹ ŴjŲ ĵŵźȲĻ b= ǻ ̕ ŴŽj j ŭŰɊ ĵŵźȲĻ `= ƅj? i h i ğhh ğ h h h i h k mh ih h hh h ŕŠɰů‹ Ŵųj ɉ ĵųŭů ƭj j ? ĵųŹųŎĵũb j j ˏpKbŋi Ťjķ ĵųŹŠƋůʼnŦ ̖ ǻŅ h ûh h h h h i i û h h ih û h h hh h ğ h h ğ hh `ĵ j ŧŕj ƞ ĵŪjŧŚb ĵųŹȩ˛źŎ ĵųŹɉ Dʼnķ CŋłŒɉ‹ ĵũAJ ĵųŰŦ h h h i ûh hh m h û \j Kh bh ŴjŲ ĵųh Źžû hŰŠh ŴŠ ĵųh ŭŹh ȫɁ űû ɉɁ ĵųh Źi ɅĠ Kh ĵųh Źi Š ƊIĵŵbh ˌjĹŶğ Ơ‹ j i û xk i h h i h h Š h û ğ ğ m h i ğ i h h h h ğ bʼnŠ ĵųŭů ŴɽžŒɉ‹ `j? ĵųŭů Ůũ=b j CŋłŒɉ‹ ĵųh ŭŰj Ļ h h h ûh ğ i h m h h x ĸŲĠ ĵhȍ ŋû jŧŤȩ űû ů `˯ ĵŶh ŏh ŧŵ= ĵŶh ųû Űŝ ĵŶh Ʌğ Kh ƅĵũ ̗ ǻ j û l i û h h h h i h ûh h h Ǫj Šɴ ů‹ Ŵjh Ų Ŵğ ȫźŭhȍ ĵŶh Ƨŋû Ļbh AźśjĸŸ‹ ^ĵũ ̘ ŴɆ j hû h x h i h h xk i h i i j Ɓ‹ Ǎj űû Ȳ şf ŠɮŲh bh ŋk Ūļh ŏû Ɋi P˱ ůbð bʼnŠ Ŗg šû h jȊ űû ȲŘšû Ȩh h h h i h h h h ûhûh h Š h j? Ǔ ĵŹh Ŷjû Ųbh `źĻźųi ȩ ĵŹžj ȯb `źžƕ ĵŹžjȯ ^ĵũ ̙ ǻj ń p h h hûh h û h h h h m h h ûi h i h q û i û h djKŠʆŽ ĵŎĵ jȊ űȲžŰŠ ĵȍŌŵ= ʼnũ _IA; ƴj ĸŠɔ ̚ `źŁi ŋh ƛ q h û i h h h h h Š h ûğ i Ȋh j bh ðĵŒȹ û h Ŵjû Ų ūj ɉŠə ôxǞû Ň ūj ɉŠə c źŪȋ‹ Mĵ jKb űȲj Ļ˛źŎ h Mh źh Ŏû źh Ŧ ̔ h ŴjŲ ĵųh Źi Ŷû ȭ



Iblis is another name of Satan or Shaytan. Ibn Zekwan, Hamza, Al-Kesa’i, Yaʻqub and Khalaf read it as: “. . . and from it you come out.” Qc Nafieʻ, Ibn ʻAmer, Al-Kesa’i and Abu Jaʻfar read it as: “. . . and for luxury and the garment of mindfulness (of God)—that is good.” a

Qb

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h iğ ğh û iğhh ğ h i h û h h m hŠh űi ȲŶğ ȿjļŧȬh ƅ _h IA;h ƴ j Š ɔA;h j ĸɔ ̛ `bŋŬŊŽ űŹŰšů jĬ‹ ĺ h i h ğ hû h k i û h h h h h û h m h h i Š h û ğ ĵųh Źi Ŷû ȭ Sǣ j Ž jĹŶƠ‹ ŴjŲ űȲɆźķɁ FŋŇ= ĵųŬ ŴɽžŒɉ‹ i h i i ğ m i h i h h Ŵjû Ų ÿŷi Űžjĸũbh źh Ÿ űû ȲŠƊŋh hŽ ÿŷi ŵj? ô ĵųh Źj j Ļ˛źû Ŏh ĵųh Źi Ɇh Ǟj j ů ĵųŹŎĵ jȊ h h ğ hmh ûh h h ğ hû h h ğ û ih û hh h i û h ƅ ŴŽj ȓj ɉ ;ĵȎj b= ǻśj ŠɱŒɉ‹ ĵŶŰšŁ ĵŵj? ñűŹȫbŋĻ ƅ Ľžń m h û h h h û h h l i h q h Šh l i h h h h i û ĵŹžŰŠ ĵŵʼnŁb Aźɉĵũ ĹŒŅ j ɤ AźŰšȯ AJ˯ ̜ `źŶjŲİiŽ m h û hû iûh h hğ ğ ûi h h hh iğ h h mh ˌ;j ĵŒŅŧůĭjķ ŋi ɊįŽ ƅ Ĭ‹ `j? Ůũ ñĵŹjķ ĵŵŋh Ɋ= Ĭ‹b ĵŵ;h ĵķA;h h ûi hh h i ihh h h h h k ğ ȗj Kh ŋh Ɋh = Ůũ ̝ `źųi Űšû ȩ ƅ ĵŲh jĬ‹ ȇ `źɉźŪȩɁ ki h û h i h i i l i hh ˌ û û û h û iaźŠi I‹ b ʼnp ł j ŏɊ ȁ j ʼnŶjŠ űȲŸźŁb AźųžjȰ=b řj ŏjŪůĭjķ h ûi e h i i h û i h h h h h h k ih h Šcʼnh Ÿh ĵŪɆ j Ȕ ǻŕjj Űƥ ô Ȑ‹ jŋŦ ̞ `bIźšȩ űȱ=ʼnķ ĵųŬ ŴŽ ğ l i h ğ i i ğ i h Šh ğ i û h h ğ h e h h h śŠɱh Œɉ‹ AbŊƛ‹ űŹȫj? ô ĹŰʄŘɉ‹ űŹj žŰŠ Ũń ĵŪɆŋj Ŧb ǻ j h ğh h h ğ i û Ɇh bh jĬ‹ h m ĵhȎj bû = ̟ `bʼni ļh Źû ɊĠ űŹi ȫɁ `źĸi ŏh Ņ `b I Ŵj Ų ; j l l ii h k i i h i h h h m hŠh û h h û i h Aźȣb ʼnp ł j ŏɊ ȁ j ʼnŶjŠ űȲļȿɆjL AbŊŇ _IA; ƴ j ĸɔø ûi h ȯǪû ųi û ɉ‹ ĶjĠ Ƙi ƅh ÿŷi ğŵ? l Aźm ô iŦǪû i ȶ ƅh bh l AźɅi Ǩ‹ h û bh Ŵû Ųh Ůũ ̠ ǻj j j j ğ hh hğ h h žk śů‹ ğ bh Āj ajIĵĸh jšjů Fh ŋh Ňû h= Ʋ k Ŵjh Ų ĺ m j ů‹ğ jĬ‹ Š ĹŶɆjL _ŋń \ˏ j Lû ŋɉ‹ ɭ j j j û q ûĠ h h ȓjğ ɉ Ǘ h Ǎj l AźŶi ŲAh ;h ŴŽj h j Ůû iũ j CźŠ žh ơ‹ _h źû hŽ Ĺŕjh ɉĵŇ ĵžh ȫȐ‹ ûi i k hi h h h h h h h h û Ůũ ̡ `źųi Űšû Ȭh ˉp źû Ūj ů ĺ j Š ɔ˖‹ Ůŕj ŧȫ ūj ɉŠɶŬ ˍjĹųh ŠɱjŪů‹ û û h h h h h h h û h h h h h Šh h û h k h h ğ h h ğ űh Ȫƃ‹ j b ŴśȨ ĵŲb ĵŹŶjŲ ŋŹŝ ĵŲ Őjńʆŧů‹ ȗj K _ŋń ĵųȫj? û k h i û h h ğ l i û i h h k hû û h h û h û h Ājŷjķ ^ǣ j Ȭ űɉ ĵŲ jĬĭjķ AźȡǬ j ȶ `=b Ũj ơ‹ Ǟ j Ťjķ njȊ‹b iğ k i h h h l h ihûh h jĬğ ‹ ȇh Aźi ɉźŪi ȩh `h=bh ĵŶq Šɽh ûŰŎi ̢ ȩ ƅ ĵ Ų Ĺg Ų= Ȃj ů b `ź ų Ű š j hh qh h h i ûh ûh h û ii h h hm h h h x h h ƅb ĹŠĵŎ `bŋjŇįļŏȹ ƅ űŹŰŁ= ;ĵŁ AJjıŦ ð ŮŁ= û x h i ûh ûh h m hŠh i i űû ȲŶjŲk ŮŎi Ki űû ȲŶğ hɀj ĻįhŽ ĵŲğ j ? _h IA;h ƴ j ĸɔ ̣ `źɊjʼnŪļŏȹ f h h h h h Š h ğ h h Šh h û i ûh h h Ġ i h [źû Ň ƆŦ Ńh ŰŔû =bh ǐ ȩ‹ Ŵj ųȯ Ʋj ɔA; űȲžŰŠ `źŕŪȬ ğ l h ğ h ihûh û i hh û ûh h h h ȑ‹bh ̤ `ź ĵŶh j ļŠɔ˲ AźiķŊŬ ŴŽj ŵŌƘ űŸ ƅb űŹj žŰŠ h h Ģhli m h û h l ih û h û h h Ŕû = ū h ȯ űû Ÿi Kĵğȍ‹ Ķ i Šɳ ĵŹžj ˌj j Ɍʤb= ĵŹŶȭ AbǚŭļŎ‹b

That is of Allah’s signs, that theya may constantly remember. 27 O Children of Adam, never let Satan lure you like he brought your parents out of the Garden, stripping them of their garments to show them their private parts. He surely sees you, He and his clan, from where you cannot see them. Indeed, We have made the Satans allies of those who do not believe. 28 And when they commit an obscenity, they say, “We found our fathers doing this, and Allah has commanded us to do it.” Say, “Indeed, Allah does not command to obscenities. Are youpl saying about Allah what you know not?” 29 Saysg, “My Lord has commanded justice. And set your faces upright at every mosqueb and call upon Him, devoting religion to Him. Just as He originated youpl, so you will return.” 30 A group He has guided and another group has deserved misguidance. They have taken the Satans as guardians apart from Allah and they assume that they are guided. 31 O Children of Adam, take your adornment at every mosque b , and eat and drink, but do not be ext ravagant; su rely He does not love the extravagantc. 32 Saysg, “Who has forbidden Allah’s adornment which He has brought out for His servants and the good things among (His) provision?” Say, “They are for those who attained faith in the Earlier Life, exclusivelyd theirs on the Day of Resurrection.” Thus We detail the signse for people who know. 33 Say, “Indeed, My Lord has only forbidden obscenities—both manifest and secret— and sin and unjustified aggression, and that you associate with Allah that for which He has never bestowed any authority from on highf, and that you say about Allah what you know not.” 34 And for every community there is an appointed term. So when their term has arrived, they cannot then delay by one hour nor can they advance. 35 O Children of Adam, whenever messengers from among you come to you, relating to you My signs e , then whoever becomes mindful (of God) and reforms—no





A grammatical shift from 2nd person to 3rd person. b The Arabic word used is masjid which literally means ‘a place for prostration’. c The same Arabic word, musrifeen, is used for extremists. Qd Nafieʻ read it as: “Say, ‘They are, for those who attained faith in the Earlier Life, exclusive on the Day of Resurrection.’” e The Arabic word used is ayat (singular ayah). Ayah means ‘sign’ or ‘proof’. It is also used to denote the unit of text in the Qur’an, like ‘verse’ in poetry or ‘sentence’ in prose. Each such unit is considered a ‘sign’ from God. f Ibn Kathir, Abu ʻAmr and Yaʻqub read it as: “. . . for which He has never sent down any authority . . .” a

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h h ğ hh Š hhû ğ ih ûh û h h h i Šh Ǜȯ‹ Ŵj ųjɊ űŰŝ= Ŵųȯ ̥ `bȒ bû = ĵeķjŊŬ jĬ‹ ȇ c jɗ i h h û h k i i h û ii hh h hl h ğ h Ķ ˌ j Šɮjŭů‹ ŴjŲ űŹĸžŕj ŵ űŹɉĵŶȬ ūjɌʤĢ b= mĀjôŷjļŠ ɔ˲ BŊŬ ğ h i Ŭi ĵŲh Ŵh Ȭû Ɂh l Aźm i ɉĵhũ űû Źi ȫh źû Ŧğ źh ļh Ȭh ĵŶh iŰŎi Ki űû Źi ȩû ;h m ĵŁh AJh ? Ʋ űû ļŶ j Ģ ń h i ûh ğ i Ģ h h l Abʼni Źj őh bh ĵŶğ ȭh l AźŰĠ ŗh l Aźiɉĵhũ ðjĬ‹ ȇ `b j I ŴjŲ `źŠʼnĻ h i m l i i û h h h l i h û iğh û i h h ʼnû ũ ˈp Ɋh = Ǎ j AźŰŇI‹ ^ĵũ ̦ ŴɆŋj jŧŠ ɦ Aźŵǽ űŹȫɁ űŹj jŏŧŵ= û h k û h k i ûh ği û h h ĵųh ǿ ˌjKĵğȍ‹ Ǎj ōȸ j ƃ‹ j ŴjŲ űȲj ŰĸȰ ŴjŲ ĺŰŇ j b Ŵj Ơ‹ ğ h Ģğ h hhû i û hhğ x ği û h h h q Ʀh ĵŹžj h ȯ l Aźȡi KAh I‹ ĵšžj AJj? Ʋń ðĵŹļŇ= ĺŶšů ĹŲ= ĺŰŇI h h Ġ m h h h i Ģ h hğ h û iŠ h i û iŠ h û i û h h űû Źj j ĻĵnZh Ŧ ĵŵźŰŗ= j;ƅİʧ ĵŶɅK űŹƋůbƁj űŹƊŋŇ= ĺůĵũ ğ hŠ h x û ki h h ğ h k qû q Ŋh Šh ƅ ŴȲ ķA ů ^ĵ ũ Kĵ ȍ‹ Ŵj Ų ĵ ŧ š ŗ ĵ j ɧb ťšŗ j Ȃj j ˌ j p h h h i h h h h h û iŠ h û i û iŠ h i û h h h ûűȲ ů `ǽ ĵųȯ űŹƊŋŇƁj űŹƋůb= ĺůĵũb ̧ `źųi Űšû ȩ hh h û h i i h h h hû l i ih û h `źĸi jŏȲĻ űû ļŶ Ŭ ĵųjķ BAŊšů‹ AźũbŊŦ Ůp ŘŦ ŴjŲ ĵŶh žû ŰŠ hi h h l i h û h û h h Šh l i ğ h h ğ ğ Ńi ļğ ŧȩ ƅ ĵŹh Ŷû ȭ Abǚ ŭļŎ‹b ĵŶjļɔ˲ AźķŊŬ ŴŽjȑ‹ `j? ̨ i hû h h Š ğ h h ğ hû h i i û h h h m h ğ i Šh û h û i h Ůųh Ơ‹ ŀj ŰŽ Ʋń ĹŶƠ‹ `źŰŇʼnŽ ƅb j;ĵųŏɉ‹ BʆķɁ űŹɉ h ûh h h hh ˏ h û k h û iû h Ųŋł j žjƢ‹ űj Ŏ Ǎj ŴjŲk űŹi ɉ ̩ ǻj j ųɉ‹ dŌj Ƒ ūj ɉŠɶȡb Qĵ h h ğ x h ğh h ûh h h h h ųjۊɾů‹ ǻ dŌj Ƒ ūj ɉŠɶȡbh NA j ˏ p źh ţ űû Źj j ũźû Ŧ ŴjŲbh IĵŹjɊ űh ŶŹŁ ûh ik h i h Šh Š ğ l i h h l ih h h ğ h ĵŏe ŧȫ ťj ŰȲŵ ƅ ĺ j ɳj Űɻů‹ AźŰųj Šb AźŶŲA; ŴŽjȑ‹b ̪ h i Š h h û i ğ hû i Š h û h h Ģ h l i m h h û i ğ ̫ `bȒ j ɗ ĵŹžjȯ űŸ ˌjĹŶƠ‹ ĶɳŔ= ūjɌʤb= ĵŹšŎb ƅj? h û h û ûh k űi Źj j ļƕ ŴjŲ dŋj Ə Ůjp ţ Ŵjû Ųk űjŸjKbʼni Ŕi Ǎj ĵŲh ĵŶh ȭŌh ŵbh h ğ ğ i h h h û l Aźiɉĵhũbh ð ŋi Š ʇh ûŵƁû ‹ ĵŶğ Ŭ ĵŲh bh AŊŠʇjh ů ĵŶh Š Ɗʼnh Ÿ djȑ‹ jĬj ʼni ųû ơ‹ i h h i ğ hŠ h h û h m h ûh h h û h û m ĵŶh j Ʌk Kh ŮŎi Ki D;h ĵŁh ʼnû Ūů ðĬ‹ ĵŶƊʼnŸ `= ƅźɉ djʼnļŹ jȍ i û i i h i i û h l m i i h k hû h iiû i Ŭ ĵųh ķ ĵŸź űû ļŶ ųļȪjKb= ĹŶğ Ơ‹ űȲŰj Ļ `= AbIźŵb ˌŨj ơĭjķ j h h û h i h h hh h Ŕû h= c h Ŕû = jĹŶğ Ơ‹ h Šɳ i Šɳ h Ķ Ģ Iĵ ŵb ̬ `źŰųh šû ȩ `= jKĵğȍ‹ Ķ û h kq h h h h Ġ h ʼnh Šbh ĵŲğ űĻʼnŁh bh ŮŹh ȯ ĵŪńh ĵŶh ɅĠ Kh ĵŵʼnh Šbh ĵŲh ĵŵʼnû Łh bh ʼnû ũ ğ i h û ğ h û i h û h ü i k h i h ğ h h û h h l i h kq h û i Ġ h jĬ‹ ĹŶšů `= űŹŶɀķ `jJİɊ `JįŦ űô šȫ Aźɉĵũ ðĵŪń űȲɅK

feara shall be upon themb nor shall they grieve. 36 But those who disbelieved in Our signs and were too arrogant to accept them—those are the fellows of the Fire; therein they abide. 37 So who is more unjust than someone who has fabricated lies against Allah or has considered His signs to be a lie? Thoseb —their share of the decree will reach them. Until, when Our messengers have come to them to take their souls (at death), they say, “Where is whatever you used to call upon apart from Allah?” They say, “They have strayed from us,” and they testify against themselves that they were deniers. 38 He saidc, “Enter with the communities of unseen beingsd and humans who have gone into the Fire before you.” Every time a community entered, it cursed its sister-community till, when they were all in it, the last of them said about the first of them, “Our Lord, these are the ones who led us astray, so bring upon them double punishment in the Fire.” He said, “Each will have double, but youe know not.” 39 And the first of them said to the last of them, “Thus you had no advantage over us, so taste the punishment on account of what you used to earn.” Indeed, those who disbelieved in Our signs and 40 were too arrogant to accept them—the gates of the heaven will not be widely openedf for them, nor will they enter the Garden (of Paradise) until the camelg passes through the eye of the needle. And thus We repay the criminals. 41 For them is Hell as a resting place, and above them are sheets of fire. And thus We repay the unjustpl. 42 But those who have attained faith and have done righteous deeds—We never task any self beyond its capacity—those are the fellows of the Garden (of Paradise); therein they abide. And We removedc whatever malice was within 43 their chests; rivers flow beneath them. And they said, “Praise be to Allah who has guided us to this, forh never would we have been guided had Allah not guided us; most surely, the messengers of our Lord did come with the truth.” And it was called

Yaʻqub read it as: “. . . no fear shall ever be upon them nor shall they grieve.”  A grammatical shift from singular to plural. c  Frequently the Qur’an addresses the events of the Hereafter in past tense; this grammatical shift should be pondered by the reader. d The Arabic word used is jinn which are unseen beings that are accountable for their actions. Qe Shuʻba read it as: “. . . but they know not.” Qf Abu ʻAmr, Hamza, Al-Kesa’i and Khalaf read it as: “. . . the gates of Heaven will not be opened for them . . .” g The Arabic word used is jamal which also means ‘thick rope’. Qh Ibn ʻAmer read it as: “Praise be to Allah who has guided us to this. Never would we have been guided had Allah not guided us . . .” Qa b

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hh ğ h h h ųjۊɾů‹ h ȑ‹ğ ̭ ǻ ŴŠ `bʼnĠ ŕi hŽ ŴŽj ȇ j h i h h i `bŋi jŧŠɦ j Cŋjh Ň˖ĭjķ űŸbh ĵŁq źjh Š ĵŹh ȫźŤĸû Ɇh bh h hh h x h h i ûh x h h jŏȵ ˮ `ź h Šû Ɓ‹û ȇ b Bĵ űô û Źi Š Ƌųž Ŧ ŋ š Ȭ ^ĵ Ł K [A ŋ j ô łjń j j j h h û h h i h hh h i i h h h Ŕû = l Abû Iĵ h Šɳ h Ķ ŵb ĵŸźŰŇʼnû hŽ űû ɉ űô û Ȳžû ŰŠ űf Š ʄŎh `= jĹŶğ Ơ‹ mh h û û i i Š h û h û h i h h i ;ĵŪŰj Ļ űŸŋɻķɁ ĺŦǮ AJ˯ø ̯ `źši ųh śû Ȭh űû Ÿbh j ğ jû hû h h hû hûh h hğh l i h ğ h û h h ųjۊɾů‹ ǻ _źŪů‹ şŲ ĵŶŰšƏ ƅ ĵŶɅK Aźɉĵũ jKĵȍ‹ Ķ j j ŠɳŔ= h i ûh q h ûhû i Šh û h Ģ h hh h jŏȵ űŹi ȫź ɳŔ= cIĵŵb ̰ űû Źi Š Ƌųž Ŧŋj šȬ ƅĵŁjK [A j ŋh ŠƁ‹ Ķ j û i h h i h û ûi i i ûh û i h Šh û h m h l i h h û h `bǚj ŭļŏȶ űļŶŬ ĵŲb űȲšƦ űȲŶŠ ƴȮ= ĵŲ Aźɉĵũ l i i û hû h iğ i ii hh h û i û h ûh h ğ m h i Ģ h h AźŰŇI‹ ˏĹg Ƨŋjķ Ĭ‹ űŹɉĵŶȬ ƅ űļųŏũ= ŴŽjȑ‹ j;ƅİʧ= ̱ h i û h i h m h h û i û h h f û h h h ğ hû h hh Ģ Iĵ c ŵb ̲ `źŵŌh ƕ űû ļŵ = ƅb űȲžŰŠ [źŇ ƅ ĹŶƠ‹ h h hh l i û h Ŕû h= h Ŕû h= Kĵğȍ‹ Ķ h Šɳ i Šɳ hû Ķ Ŵjh Ų ĵŶh žû ŰŠ AźŘžjȯ= `= jĹŶğ Ơ‹ j hh h i h ğ h hğ ğ lmi h iğ i i hh h ğ ûh m hû ȇ ĵųŹɊŋń Ĭ‹ `j? Aźɉĵũ ôĬ‹ űȲũLK ĵųjɊ b= j;ĵųɉ‹ h h l i hğ h ğ h h û û h h ŋjŧŠʃ ů‹ űi Źi ȩŋğ ţbh ĵĸq jšůbh ˊźq Źû ɉ űû Źi ŶŽj I AbŊƛ‹ ŴŽjȑ‹ ̳ ŴɆ j û h h û Ġ i Š h hû mh l h h h h h hŵ _h źû hȎĭ Ŧ ô ĵžȫȐ‹ Cźžơ‹ AŊŠɪ űû Źj Ɋj źû hŽ ;h ĵŪj ů Aźŏi ȸ ĵųh Ŭ űû Źi Š Ƌŏȿ h i h û h h Šh l i h h h h h û ʼnû Ūh hůbh ̴ `b Ķ ʼnŅƒ ĵŶjļɔ˲ Aźŵǽ ĵŲb j j ķ űŹi ŠɰĴŁ j p Š ɮȲ ûh hk qhû h h h û q i û Šh h i Šh û ğ h Kb cʼnŸ ˈg ŰjŠ ȇ ŷɰŰŕŦ ŮŸ ̵ `źŶji ŲİiŽ ˉp źû Ūj ů ĹƧ û û û ğ ğ i ih ii h h hûh ih h h i i ŏi h ȸ ŴŽj h ȑ‹ ^ź aź ŪȬ ÿŷŰɆjbįĻ ƫj įŽ _źŽ ÿô ŷŰɆjbįĻ ƅj? `bŋi ŞŶhŽ ğ h hû hkh i i i û hm h ûh iûh ŴjŲ ĵhȍ ŮŹh ȯ Ũj k ơĭ j ķ ĵŶjɅK ŮŎK D;ĵŁ ʼnũ ŮĸȰ ŴjŲ ğ hû h h h û hh Ġ hi ûh mhh l i h û hh hmh h i ihûh ği ô Ůųšȫ ĵŶŬ djȑ‹ ǞȮ ŮųšŶȯ Iŋŵ b= ĵȍ AźšŧŒɀŦ ;ĵšŧő ğ h ih ûh l i h ğ iû h ğ h h û i h i h lm i h ûh `j? ̶ `bǛ ŧȬ Aźŵǽ ĵŲ űŹŶȭ Ůŗb űŹŏŧŵ= AbǪj Ň ʼnũ hğ ğ h hû i ğh h h ğ Ũh hŰŇh djȑ‹ğ Ĭ‹ i ğ űi Ȳ ˉp ĵŽɁ jĹļjŎ Ǎj P˱Ɓ‹bh D ɅK j Š ʆŠʅŏɉ‹ h ğ û i û űğ Ȫi h Źh ğȍ‹ Ůh ûȎ‹ ǀj Ťû Ȭi Nj ŋû šh ů‹ ȇh c Š źh ļh Ŏ‹ ÿŷi ĸi Űśû Ȭh Kĵ ˌ h hh h ğ h i h i Ġ h h hû h h û ğ h q h ƅɁ mĀjñaŋj Ɋû įjķ D ģ Š ɷňŏɊ _źłȍ‹b ŋh ųŪů‹b ōųŒɉ‹b ĵĿɀjĿń l i û h û Ȕi h h ųhۊ ɿh ûů‹ BĠ Kh Ĭ‹ i ğ ]h Kĵ h ĸh ȩh ñ ŋi Ɋû hƁ‹û bh Ũi ûŰƢ‹ AźŠI‹ ̷ ǻ j ğ h jĬ‹ Ůž j j ȼŎ ĵųh Źi Ŷh ûɀɅh bh ̮

out to them, “This is the Garden (of Paradise) you are made to inherit on account of what you used to do.” And the fellows of the Garden (of Paradise) called 44 out to the fellows of the Fire, “We certainly found what our Lord had promised us to be true, so did you find what your Lord had promised you to be true?” They said, “Yes.” Thereupon an announcer called out in their midst, “Leta the curse of Allah be upon the unjust, 45 who bar (people) from the way of Allah and seek to make it crooked, while regarding the Hereafter they are deniers.” 46 And between them isb a partition, and on the elevations are men who recognize everyone by their features. And they calledc to the fellows of the Garden (of Paradise), “Peace be upon you.” They have not entered it, but they are ardently hoping. 47 And when their sight(s) are directed towards the fellows of the Fire, they say, “Our Lord, do not place us with the unjust people.” 48 Then the fellows of the elevations calledc out to men whom they recognize by their features. They said, “In no way did your multitude avail you, nor did your arrogance.” 49 “Are these the ones youpl swore Allah would not touch with mercy? Enter the Garden (of Paradise); no fear is upon you, nor shall you grieve.” 50 And the fellows of the Fire called out to the fellows of the Garden (of Paradise), “Pour some water over us or some of what Allah has provided for you.” They said, “Allah has indeed forbidden them for the deniers 51 who took their religion as a distraction and a game, and whom the Earlier Life deceived.” So today We forget them like they forgot the meeting on this day of theirs and for how they used to repudiate Our signs. 52 And most surely, We have given them a Scripture which We have detailed with knowledge—guidance and mercy for people who believe. 53 Are they waiting for anything but its fulfillment? The day its fulfillment comes true, those who forgot it earlier will say, “The messengers of our Lord did come with the truth, so do we have any intercessors to intercede for us? Or could we be returned back to behave differently from the way we behaved before?” They have certainly lost themselves, and whatever they used to fabricate





All except Nafieʻ, Qunbul, Abu ʻAmr, ʻAsem and Yaʻqub read it as “‘Indeed, the curse of Allah is upon the unjust’ . . .” A grammatical shift to present tense, which serves to create a vivid portrait of future events. c Frequently the Qur’an addresses the events of the Hereafter in past tense; this grammatical shift should be pondered by the reader. Qa b

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h i ğh h ʼnļh šû ųi û ɉ‹ ĶjĠ Ƙi ƅh ÿŷi ğŵ? ô Ĺe žh ŧû Ňi bh ȕq Ǵ Ġ h hĻ űû Ȳ ƅbh ̸ ŴŽj ɅK j h û l i ûi h û h û q h i û j Ɓ‹ Ǎj Abʼnjŏ ŧȩ ô ĵše ųh Śh bh ĵŦźû Ň iaźŠI‹bh ĵŹh Ņ j Š ʄŔj? ʼnšȨh P˱ ğ hih û ğ h hûh ğ û ųi ɉ‹ Ŵjh Ųk ĶɆ x ŋhũ jĬ‹ h ȿ jŏŅ ĺƧK `j? djȑ‹ źŸb ̹ ǻ j j h ğ h û h û h h h û h h û i h h k ‹ Ůji Ŏŋû iŽ ğ h û Űhũ= m AJh ? Ʋ ĺ j Ģ ń ĀjðŷjļƧK dʼnŽ ǻȨ ˊüǬȵ ъɔŋɉ j h hh i h û i q h q h h hĵŶŁû ŋh Ňû hįhŦ ;h m ĵųh û ɉ‹ jŷķ ĵhȍû Ōŵ h įhŦ ĺžk Ųğ Ȓ p j p jȊ ŷŠɰŪŎ ƅĵŪj ľ ĵȨĵŅŎ j i ğ h Šh û h û i û i h Šh h h ğ k i ŴjŲ Ājŷķ űû ȲŰšh ů Ș źųɉ‹ Fŋj Ɲ ūj ɉɶŬ D ˏ j Š ɷųh Ȍ‹ ȁ j j û ğ h û ûh i k ğ i h h h i hh i h ĀjðŷjɅk Kh `j JjıjȨ ÿŷi Ļĵĸh ȫ Fi ŋi ƞ Ķ j žśů‹ ȒȊ‹b ̺ `bŋŬŊĻ ğ i k h i h Šh h q h ğ i i û h h h i h h ĺ j ŵ ƅj? Fŋƞ ƅ ĽĸŇ djȑ‹bh j Š ɔ˖‹ [Dz j ŵ ūj ɉɶŬ ôˑʼnȲ h hh h Šh e i h û h û h û h h h h i û û ^ĵŪȯ ĀjŷŲj źũ Ǔj? ĵńźŵ ĵŶŰŎK= ʼnŪů ̻ `bŋi ŭŒhȹ ˉp źû Ūj ů i h h m k m i i û h Šh û k i h h h ğ l i i û û h Š h [ĵŇ= ƭ j j ? ÿaǞȮ ŷg ɧj? ŴjŲ űȲů ĵŲ Ĭ‹ Abʼnĸȭ‹ _j źŪɔ ih û h h h ğ h ûh h h h û i ûh h ĵŵj? mĀjŷŲj źû ũ ŴjŲ Ƃųh ɉ‹ ^ĵũ ̼ ˈž p Şj Š ˉg źŽ BAŊŠ űȲžŰŠ h h h h h x h Šh h h Š hhh Ġ h h ĹŰʄŗ ƪj ōh ûɀů _j źû ŪŠɔ ^ĵũ ̽ ǻ p j ĸŲ Ůp Š ʄŗ Ǎj ūƊǝů x i h k Šh h h Šh û i i khi h h h û k Kğ ŴjŲk ^ź ĺ ŎK ƴjj ŭɧb j Š ʄɜ j jK űȲŤj ŰķɁ ̾ ǻųj ۊɿů‹ B h hû h h h h ğ i h h hh k h ̿ `źųi Űšû ȩ ƅ ĵŲh jĬ‹ Ŵjh Ų űi ŰŠ=bh űû Ȳů Ńi ŕŵ =b ȗj K h i kğ k x û û i hm h h hh Š h h űû Ȳ Ůp Łi Kh ȇ Ʌj K ŴjŲ ŋŬjJ űȱ;ĵŁ `= űû ļi ĸû ł Š j b= h h h ih ûi û i ğ hhh l iğh h û ih i û i k i iķŊğ ŭ ŋĻ űȲŰšůb AźŪļ jȋb űȡKjŊŶȎj űȲŶjŲ aź Ŧ ̀ `źƧ ğ l iğ h h û iû û û h h h h ȑ‹ğ bh ŷi Šɰh žû hƑhįhŦ AźķŊŬ ŴŽjȑ‹ ĵŶh Ȱŋh ţ=bh ū j Űŧů‹ Ǎj ÿŷi šŲ ŴŽj h h i h h h ųŠh ĵŲe źû hũ l Aźiŵǽh űû Źi ȫğ ? ôm ĵŶh ļŠɔ˲ űû ŸĵŇ= Ig ȕh ǓŠ ˯ø ́ ǻ j j j i h h h ğ l i i û j û hŠh h h q i i û Ȯh ŷŠɧh ? Ŵjû Ųk űȲ ÿm ô iaǞ ů ĵŲ Ĭ‹ Abʼnĸȭ‹ _źŪɔ ^ĵũ ôˑIźŸ g j l h ğ h h h ğ i h hû h h h i h hhh ȑ‹ Ƃųɉ‹ ^ĵũ ͂ `źŪļğ ȩ ƆŦ= ĵŵj? mĀjŷŲj źû ũ ŴjŲ Abŋi ŧȱ ŴŽj h h h û h h Ġ ihh ğ h h h h Š hhh h ȨjŊŠʃ ů‹ Ŵj Ų ū Ŷ Ş ȍ ĵ ŵ˯ ^ĵũ ̓ ǻ Ĺ Ÿĵ ŧ Ŏ Ǎ ū Ɗǝů p j j û x h h h h h h h h h ųۊɿh ů‹ Bk Kğ ŴjŲk ^źŎi Kh ƴjk ŭŠɧbh xĹŸĵ ŧŎ ƪj ōh ûɀů _j źû ŪŠɔ ǻ j j j h Šh û i i khi h i h úhh k f Ųh= Ńf Ŕĵ ͅ ǻj j ŵ űû Ȳů ĵŵɁbh ȗj Kh ĺ j Š ʄɜ jK űȲŤj ŰķɁ ̈́ h û m i kğ k x û i h h h û i û Šh bh h= Š h űû Ȳ Ůp Łi Kh ȇ j j ɅK ŴjŲ ŋŬjJ űȱ;ĵŁ `= űļĸł

strayed away from them. 54 Indeed, your pl Lord is Allah, the One Who created the heavens and the earth in six daysa then settled over the Throne. He causes the night to overwhelmb the day, pursuing it persistently, forc the sun and the moon and the stars are subjected by His command. Truly, His is the creation and the command. Supremely Blessed be Allah, Lord of all realms. 55 Call upon your Lord in supplication and in secret. Indeed, He does not love the transgressors. 56 And do not corrupt the earth after its reformation, and call upon Him with fear and ardent hope. Indeed, Allah’s mercy is close to those who excel in doing good. 57 And it is He Who sends the windsd as heralds of glad tidingse ahead of His mercy until, when they carry up heavy clouds, Wef drive them to a lifeless land where We send down water, and with it We bring out all kinds of products. Thus We bring out the dead, that you may remind yourselvesg. 58 And the good land—its plants come out by the leave of its Lord, whereas that which has become nasty does not come outh unless useless. Thus Wef diversify the signs for people who give thanks. 59 Very truly, We sent Noah to his people. So he said, “O my people, worship Allah; you have no god other than Him. Indeed, I fear for you the punishment of a great day.” 60 The chiefs of his people said, “We surely see that you are in evident misguidance.” 61 He said, “O my people, there is no misguidance in me, but I am a messenger from the Lord of all realms. 62 I proclaimi to you the messages of my Lord and I advise you, and I know from Allah what you do not know. 63 Are you amazed that a reminder has come to you from your Lord upon a man from among you, to warn you and that you might be mindful (of God) and that you may receive mercy?” 64 But they disbelieved him, so We saved him and those with him in the ship, and We drowned those who disbelieved in Our signs. Indeed, they were a blind people. 65 And to ʻĀd, their brother Hud. He said, “O my people,

Six equal intervals of time, which may be six heavenly days, each of them being 1000 earthly years long (see 22:47).  the night to tightly overwhelm the day . . .” Shuʻba, Hamza, Al-Kesa’i, Yaʻqub and Khalaf read it as: “He causes Qc  it as: “. . . persistently. And the sun and the moon and the stars are subjected by His command.” Ibn ʻAmer read Qd Ibn Kathir, Hamza, Al-Kesa’i and Khalaf read it as: “wind”. Qe Hamza, Al-Kesa’i and Khalaf read it as: “. . . as a revival ahead of His mercy . . .” All others read it as: “. . . as revivers ahead of His mercy . . .” f A grammatical shift from 3rd person to 1st person. Qg All except Hafs, Hamza, Al-Kesa’i and Khalaf read it as: “. . . that you may constantly remember”. Qh Ibn Wardan, in one of his narrations, read it as: “…which has become nasty does not bring out except the useless.” Qi Abu ʻAmr read it as: “I compile and proclaim to you . . .” a

Qb

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i i û i k m hh i i h û l i û ʼnj šû Ȩh Ŵü Ųj ;h ĵŧŰŇ űû ȲŰšh Łh Jj? Abm ŋi ŬJ‹bh űô û ȡKjh ŊŶȎ j űȲŶjŲ û h ûh i h ğ m l i û h q û i h p ŵ _j źû ũ Ǎj űû ȱIALh bh Gź jĬ‹ ;h ƅA;h Abm ŋi ŬJĭŦ ð Ĺśh ŕö hķ Ũj ŰƢ‹ h i ûi û i ğhh h ğ ʼnh ĸi šû h jȍ ĵŶh hȽĴû Łh= l Aźm i ɉĵhũ ͆ `ź ÿiaʼnh ńû bh Ĭ‹ Ņj Űŧȩ űȲŰšů j û i h Ŭ `? m ĵhŵʼni šj hĻ ĵųh ķ ĵŶjh ĻįhŦ ĵhŵ>i m ĵhķA;h ʼni ĸi šû Ȭh `h ǽh ĵŲh Kh Ŋh hŵbh Ŵjh Ų ĺŶ j j i kğ k i ûh h h hh ûh h h h Š ğ x Łû K űû Ȳ ō j j ɅK ŴjŲ űȲžŰŠ şȰb ʼnũ ^ĵũ ͇ ǻjȰʼnj ɻů‹ h mh m h m h i h ih f h h h űû ļi ŵ= ĵŸźųi ļi žû ųğ Ŏh p;ĵųh Ŏû = Ǎ j ƴj ŵźɉjʼnŠɲĻɁ ðĶŘţb k l i imh h h h hŦ ŴŠɽh ûŰŎi ŴjŲ ĵŹh ķ Ĭ‹ i ğ ^h Ōğ hŵ ĵŲğ űȱ ƭj j ? Abm ŋi Şj ļŵĭ >ĵķA;b ˏp j h ğ û hû h i h k i h h i h h h ȑ‹bh ŷi Šɰh žû hƑįhŦ ͈ ŴɆ h ŋŞj ļŶ pĹƧŋh j ķ ÿŷšŲ ŴŽj j ųɉ‹ ŴjŲ űȲšŲ h l iğ h h ğ h h hû hhh ğk h ŶŲj İû Ɋi l Aźiŵǽh ĵŲh bh ðĵŶh ļŠɔ˲ ǻj AźķŊŬ ŴŽjȑ‹ ŋjķAI ĵŶšśȰb ĵŶjŲ j l h h û j û hŠh h i h h h h h h ğ ‹ Abʼni ĸi ȭ‹ ĵŲh Ĭ _źŪɔ ^ĵũ ô ĵŅjq ۊɞ űû ŸĵŇ= Iźųi Ȫ ǓŠ ˯ ͉ i h i k k x h k h i û m h û h i û Ȯh ŷŠɧh ? Ŵjû Ųk űȲ ů ðűû ȲjɅKğ ŴjŲ ĹŶjɀķ űȲĻ;h ĵŁ ʼnũ ÿð iaǞ g j û h h ğ i h h i h h ðqh h û i h ğ ih h m j Ůû ȱ j =Ǎ įĻ ĵŸbKŊŦ ĹŽA; űȲů jĬ‹ Ĺũĵŵ Āj aŊj Šɪ ðjĬ‹ P˱ h f h h û i h i ûhh i h Ġ hh hh lm i i û h AbŋŬJ‹b ͊ űx Ȏj = BA ŊŠ űȱŊŇįžȯ ;p źm ŏjȵ ĵŸźŏųȩ ƅb hû i hğh h h û h ü j hm hh i û i h h h û j Ɓ‹ Ǎj űû ȱ P˱ =źɅb pIȕ ʼnj šȨ ŴŲ ;ĵŧŰŇ űȲŰšŁ Jj? û h h i ûhh q i i h i i h i ğh q ðĵĻźži Ȩi ^ĵĸh Ơ‹ j ļȩ j Ŷȩb ˊKźŕũ ĵŹj ɉźŹŎ ŴjŲ `bŊň j `źļŅ h û l h h h ğ mh l i û h h ʼn jŏŧû Ųi P˱ j Ɓ‹ Ǎj Aźû Ŀšû ȩ ƅbh jĬ‹ ;h ƅA;h Abm ŋi ŬJĭŦ ͋ ŴŽj l i û i û h ğ l ih û h û h ğ i h hû h h h AźŧjšŘļŎ‹ ŴŽjȓj ɉ ĀjŷŲj źû ũ ŴjŲ Abǚ ŭļŎ‹ ŴŽjȑ‹ Ƃųɉ‹ ^ĵũ h x h ğ h h hh ĀjôŷjɅk Kğ ŴjŲk ŮŎh ŋû ŲĠ ĵŅjq ۊɞ `= `źųi Űšû ȩɁ űû Źi Ŷjû Ų Ŵh ŲAh ;h Ŵû ųjh ɉ lm ih û h û h ğ h h h i m ğ l i h h û AbǚŭļŎ‹ ŴŽjȑ‹ ^ĵũ ͌ `źŶji ŲİɊi Ājŷjķ ŮjŎKû = ĵųh j ķ ĵŵj? Aźm ɉĵũ lûh h h hh ğ l i hh h h h i ŲAh ;h dj m ȑĭğ ķ ĵğŵ? Aźļȭb Ĺũĵȍ‹ AbŋŪšȯ ͍ `bŋi ŧj Š ɦ Ājŷjķ űļŶ j j h l i i m h Ŭ `? ĵhŵʼni šj hĻ ĵųh ķ ĵŶh j Ƚûij‹ Ńji ۊɻh Š ɔh Aźɉĵhũbh űû ŹɅk Kh ŋɊû = Ŵû ȭh ĺŶ j j jj j h h l h h ŰŎh ŋû ųi û ɉ‹ Ŵjh Ų i ĸh Ŕû įhŦ Ĺi ŧh Łû ŋɉ‹ ğ űi Źi ȩû Ŋh Ňh įhŦ ͎ ǻj űjû ŸjKAI Ǎj AźŅ h ğ h i ûh h hh h h h h h ųĿŠ ɕh űû Ȳļi ŤŰûķɁ ʼnû Ūů _j źû ŪŠɔ ^ĵũbh űû Źi Ŷû ȭ ȠŠ źh ļh ȯ ͏ ǻ jj ğ i h h h i û ŕh hŵbh ȗk Kh Ĺh hůĵŎh K i Ņ `źĸjĠ ƕ ƅ ŴȲ j Š ɧbh űû Ȳů ĺ j j

worship Allah; you have no god other than Him. Will you not be mindful (of Him)?” 66 The chiefs of his people, who denied, said, “We surely see that you are in foolishness and we surely think that you are one of the liars.” 67 He said, “O my people, there is no foolishness in me, but I am a messenger from the Lord of all realms. 68 I proclaima to you the messages of my Lord, and I am a trustworthy adviser to you. 69 Are you amazed that a reminder has come to you from your Lord upon a man from among you, to warn you? And call to mind when He made you successors after the people of Noah and increased you greatly in stature, and remember Allah’s blessings, that you may succeed.” 70 They said, “Have you come to us in order for us to worship Allah alone and leave what our forefathers used to worship? So bring us what you threaten us with, if you are one of the truthful.” 71 He said, “Abomination and wrath have surely befallen you from your Lord. Are you arguing with me over names which you and your forefathers invented, for which Allah sent down no authority? So wait; I am indeed with you among those waiting.” 72 So We saved him and those with him by mercy from Us, and We cut off the roots of those who disbelieved in Our signs and never attained faith. 73 And to Thamûd, their brother Saleh. He said, “O my people, worship Allah; you have no god other than Him; an evident proof has certainly come to you from your Lord: this she-camel of Allah is a sign for you, so let her eat in Allah’s land and do not touch her with any harm lest a painful punishment seize you.” 74 “And call to mind when He made you successors after ʻĀd and settled you in the land, taking for yourselves palaces on its plains and carving out houses of the mountains. So remember Allah’s marvels and do not go wickedly about the land, corrupting it.” 75 Theb chiefs of his people, who acted arrogantly, said to those who had been deemed weak and oppressed—those who had attained faith from among them, “Do you know that Saleh is an emissary from his Lord?” They said, “We are indeed believers in what he has been sent with.” 76 Those who acted arrogantly said, “Indeed, we deny what you believe in.” 77 So they hamstrung the she-camel and defied the command of their Lord and said, “O Saleh, bring upon us what you Qa Qb



Abu ʻAmr read it as: “I compile and proclaim to you . . .” Ibn ʻAmer read it as: “And the chiefs of his people . . .” 106

PART 8. THE ELEVATIONS

SURAH 7- AL-A‘RâF

h h Šhû h i ûhh m û h h h û e i h ğ h ŕŠɰů‹ ĵŲh ĹŒŅ j ʁů‹ `źĻɂĻɁ ĀjŷŲj źŪj ů ^ĵũ Jj? ĵŚźɉb ͐ ǻŅ j j h iû h i ğ i hh h h ųhۊɿh ûů‹ Ŵjh Ųk ʼnńh h= Ŵjû Ų ĵŹh ķ űȲ `źĻɂhȋ űû Ȳŵj? ͑ ǻ ŪĸŎ j p j h h i û Ġ x ûh û i ûh m h k i k qh û h h h k ͒ `źŦǪ j I ŴjŲ CźŹő ^ĵŁŋɉ‹ j Ų _źũ űļŵ= Ůķ ˏ ;j ĵŏjȿů‹ `b j i i û h lmi h h m ğ m j ûh h h h h h h h k ŴjŲ űŸźŁŋj Ň= Aźɉĵũ `= ƅj? ĀjŷŲźũ BAźŁ `ǽ ĵŲb hh ğ hûh h i hûh x hŵɁi űû Źi ȫğ ? űû Ȳ ƅj? ÿm ŷi ŰŸ=bh ŷi Šɰh žû hƑįŦ ͓ `bŋi Źğ śh ļh Ȭh Mĵ j ð j ļɆŋũ h h h ûh û ğ û hŵǽh ÿŷi hĻɁh ŋh Ɋ‹ h ǚŠʀh ûů‹ Ŵjh Ų ĺ ðˊŋq śh Ų űŹj žû ŰŠ ĵŵŋû śh Ų=bh ͔ ŴɆ jj i h û ųi û ɉ‹ Ĺi ĸh ŪŠɢh `h ǽh ťh žû Ŭh ŋû Şŵĭ h Ųŋł Š h ͕ ǻj Ŵh Ȭh ʼnû Ųh Ǔ˯ Ŧ j j hŠ û k i h h h ğ l i i û û h Š h h h q û h i û i h h ŷg ɧj? ŴjŲ űȲů ĵŲ Ĭ‹ Abʼnĸȭ‹ _j źŪɔ ^ĵũ ô ĵĸžšő űŸĵŇ= hû h û l iûhh û i kğ k x hkh i ûhm h ûh iiû h Ůžŭů‹ AźŦbįŦ ðűȲjɅK ŴjŲ ĹŶjɀķ űȲĻ;ĵŁ ʼnũ ÿð aǞȮ l i ûi hh û i hmh ûh h ğ l i h ûh hh h h û h Ǎj Abʼnjŏ ŧȩ ƅb űŸ;ĵžő= Mĵȍ‹ Aźŏňĸȩ ƅb `AǤųj ɉ‹b i ğ x û h û i Šh h Šh û h û h j h û i Ŭi `? űû Ȳ űļŶ ů ǞŇ űȲj ůə ô ĵŹŅ j ʄŔj? ʼnšȨ P˱Ɓ‹ j l ki ûh h h i h û Ġ `bʼni Šj źĻ Qp Š ɷh Ŕ j Ůj Ȳjķ Abʼni ši Ūȩ ƅbh ͖ ǻj ŶŲj İŲ h i h ğ q h h h Ġ i hh ô ĵŁźjh Š ĵŹh ȫźŤĸû ȩbh Ājŷjķ Ŵh ŲAh ;h Ŵû Ųh jĬ‹ Ůž j j ȼŎ ŴŠ `bʼnŕĻb ihğ h h q h û i i û lm i i û h h h h h l i ŭŦ Ɔžj Űũ űļŶŬ Jj? AbŋŬJ‹b `ǽ ťžû Ŭ Abŋi Şŵ‹bh ðűû ȡǜ l ih h û i k x h m h h h h ʼn jŏŧû ųi û ɉ‹ Ĺi ĸh jŪŠɢh AźŶŲA; űȲŶjŲ ĹŧjɋĵŚ `ǽ `˯ ͗ ŴŽj l i û h l i ûi ûğ x h m hh i ûŰjŎKû i= dj m ȑĭğ ķ Š ğ ńh Abǚ Ʋ Ŕĭ Ŧ Aź Ŷj Ų İ Ž ű ů Ĺ ŧ ɋ ĵ Ś b Ā j ŷ ķ ĺ j j j j i h hû h h û h ğ h û i i h û û h h h h i Ň źh Ÿbh ô ĵŶŶɀķ Ĭ‹ i űh ȲƘ Ƃųɉ‹ ^ĵũø ͘ ǻųj ŭ j Šɳů‹ Ǟ l ihû h û h ğ h h ğ h û ih i žû šh Œi Š ɔh ū h ȑ‹ğ bh Ķ ŴŽj ŶŁŋj ňȍ ĀjŷŲj źû ũ ŴjŲ Abǚ ŭļŎ‹ ŴŽjȑ‹ h h l hû h h h h h ğ m h ğ i h źɉb= ^ĵũ ô ĵŶjļŰjɊ Ǎj `Iźši hȋ bû = ĵŶh j ȽɆh ŋû ũ ŴjŲ ūšh Ųh AźŶi ŲAh ;h h ğ hh û h û h h ği h ŸŋŠɦ h h ȯ‹ ʼnj ũ ͙ ǻj Ǎj ĵŵʼnû Ši `j? ĵeķjŊŬ jĬ‹ ȇ ĵŶh Ɇû Ǜ ĵŶŬ j h h h m i i h ğ ğ û hûh i ğ i ğ ĵŶh Š ƋƑ Jj? ʼnšȨ űȲjļŰjɊ Iźši ȫ `= ĵhȍ `źȲhŽ ĵŲh bh ô ĵŹh Ŷjû Ų Ĭ‹ hh eû ğ h i h i ğ ;h m ĵŒh h ȹ `h= mƅğ ? m ĵŹžj û ȁ ĵŶh ɅĠ Kh şjh Ŏbh ô ĵŶh ɅĠ Kh Ĭ‹ ȇ ô ĵųŰjŠ ;g ƾ j ȯ û hğh hûğhh ğ h û Ʌh bh ĵŶh Ŷh ûɀhķ Ńû ļh ȯ‹ h h=bh Ũk ơĭ i û Ňh ĺŵ h û ķ ĵŶjh Ųźû hũ ǻ Ǟ ĵŶɅK ô ĵŶȣźĻ jĬ‹ j j i ğ û l h h h h h hh h h ŅļŠʁh ûů‹ Ŵj j Ɍů ĀjŷŲj źû ũ ŴjŲ Abŋi ŧȱ ŴŽj ȑ‹ Ƃųh ɉ‹ ^ĵũbh ͚ ǻ j j

threaten us with, if you are one of the emissaries.” Thereupon the Tremor overtook them, and they 78 became lifeless bodies in their home. 79 Then he turned away from them and said, “O my people, I have proclaimed to you the message of my Lord and I have advised you, but you do not like those who give advice.” 80 And Lot, when he said to his people, “Do you commit such obscenity with which no one in all communities has preceded you?” 81 “Youa do approach men with desire instead of women. Rather, you are an extremist people.” 82 And his people’s only response was to say, “Evict them from your town; indeed, they are a group of people who always keep themselves clean.” 83 So We saved him and his family, except for his woman; she was of those who lingered behind. 84 And We rained down on them a rain! So look what the outcome was for the criminals. 85 And to Midian, their brother Shuaib. He said, “O my people, worship Allah; you have no god other than Him; an evident proof has come to you from your Lord, so give full measure and balance, and do not defraud people of their belongings, and do not corrupt the land once it has been reformed. That is better for you, if you are believers. 86 And do not sit on every path, making threats and barring from the way of Allah those who have attained faith in Him, seeking to make it crooked. And call to mind when you were few, then He made you numerous. So look what the outcome was for the corrupters. 87 And since a faction of you have come to believe in what I was sent with and a faction have not come to believe, then be patient until Allah judges between us, for He is the Best of judges.” 88 The chiefs of his people, who acted arrogantly, said “O Shuaib, We will surely evict you from our town, along with those who have attained faith with you, unless you do indeed return to our creed.” He said, “Even if we are reluctant? 89 We would definitely be fabricating lies against Allah if we were to return to your creed after Allah has delivered us from it. And it is not for us to return to it unless Allah, our Lord, wills. Our Lord has encompassed everything in knowledge. In Allah we have placed our trust. Our Lord, legislateb justly between us and our people, for You are the Best of



All except Nafieʻ, Hafs, Abu Jaʻfar and Al-Sousi read it as: “‘Can it be that you do approach men with desire instead of women? Rather, you are an extremist people.’” b The Arabic word used is iftah which means ‘open’. Qa

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ûh h hh h i Šh ğ q û i ğ eûh i ûiûhğ űi Źi ȩŊŇįŦ ͛ `bǪ j ɴů AJj? űȲŵj? ĵĸžšő űļšĸȩ‹ ğ l iğ h h h ųĿŠɕh űjû ŸKAIh Ǎ l AźŅ i ĸh Ŕû hįhŦ Ĺi ŧh Łû ŋɉ‹ ğ AźķŊŬ ŴŽjȑ‹ ͜ ǻ jj j j i l ğ h h ğ h lûhû h û ğ h h qûh i i l i h űi Ÿ Aźŵǽ ĵĸq žû šh ő AźiķŊŬ ŴŽj ȑ‹ ô ĵŹžjȯ AźŶŤȬ űů `įŬ ĵĸžšő h h h h h h h h h û h ğ h i û h Ǫj Šɴ ů‹ űû Ȳļi ŤŰûķɁ ʼnû Ūů _j źû ŪŠɔ ^ĵũbh űû Źi Ŷû ȭ ȠŠ źh ļh ȯ ͝ ŴɆ j h h h h Š h Š h h hû h û i û ŕh hŵbh ȗk Kh ĺŠʄh ɜ i Ņ Š h jK ˉp źû ũ ȇ ƽA; ťžŭŦ ðűȲů ĺ j j mhû h h m ğ k ğ k hûh h h ûŰŎh Kû h= m ĵŲh bh ͞ ŴɆ h ŋjŧŠɦ j ĵŵŊŇ= ƅj? Ʊ Ų Ĺ Ɇ ŋ ũ Ǎ ĵ Ŷ ŵ Ŵ p j j gj h i ğ ğ h û iğ h h mğ ğ h m h ûhû hh û h hĵȍû ʼnğ hķ űğ Ȫi ͟ `ź ŠǴŽ űŹŰšů ;j AǴɉ‹b j;ĵŎįȊĭjķ ĵŹŰŸ= l m h i h l h h Š ğ h h h h hû h k ğ h h h h ń ĹŶŏơ‹ jĹĴjɀŏɉ‹ `ǾŲ ĵŵ;h ĵhķA;h ōğ Ɋh ʼnû ũ Aźɉĵũbğ Aźŧȭ Ʋ h hû h q h i i û h û i h h û h i Šh û h h h i m ğ ğ h i m ğ ğ źɉb ͠ `bŋšŒȹ ƅ űŸb ĹļŤȨ űŹɓŊŇįŦ ;AǪɉ‹b ;AǴɉ‹ h hh ûh h h û h hh lû hğ h l ih h Ģ h iû hû h ğ h Š ĺ ɦ p ŋķ űŹj žŰŠ ĵŶŅļŧů AźŪȩ‹b AźŶŲA; cŋŪů‹ ŮŸ= `= hû h mh ğ l i h h i hû h hh l iğ h hh Š j ɧ b P˱ Aźŵǽ ĵųjķ űŹŠɓŊŇįŦ AźķŊŬ ŴȲ Ɓ‹b ;j ĵųŏɉ‹ Ŵjh Ųk j û û h h h h h i û h Ģ ŋh Ūi ûů‹ Ůi Ÿû = Ŵjh ŲįhŦ= ͡ `ź ĵļq Šɱh hķ ĵŶh Ŏi įhķ űŹi žjh ȩįhŽ `= c ĸ jŏȲŽ û û h h h h h i mh û i h Ģ ŋh Ūi ûů‹ Ůi Ÿû = Ŵjh Ų=bh = ͢ `ź ųjɋĵŵ űŸb ĵŶh Ŏi įhķ űŹi žjh ȩįhŽ `= c û h h hh ğ û l û h h û i i ŋh ŭŲh Ŵi Ųh įhŽ ƆŦ jôĬ‹ ŋh ŭŲh AźŶji ŲįŦ= ͣ `źĸi šh ŰhŽ űû Ÿbh ƻq ŗ h i h ğ ûh ûhhh h i Šh û iû hû ğ ğ `źľŋj hŽ ŴŽj ȓj ɉ ʼnj ŹȬ űɉb= ͤ `bǪ j ɴů‹ _źŪů‹ ƅj? jĬ‹ h h m hh ğ m ûh h hû ii űô û Źj j ɅźŵŊjķ űŹi Šɰh ĸû Ŕh = ;i ĵŒȸ źû ů `= ĵŹjh ŰŸ= ʼnj šû Ȩh Ŵü Ųj P˱Ɓ‹ h h i i Šh h i h û h h h h û Š ŋh Ūi ûů‹ ū şĸśȫb c Űj Ļ ͥ `źši ųh ŏû h ȹ ƅ űû Źi ȯ űû Źj j ɅźŰũ ȇ h i mh û m hh ih h hh űŹi ŰŎi Ki űû Źi ȩ;h ĵŁh ʼnû Ūůbh ô ĵŹh j ɋĵĸ˩ = Ŵjû Ų ūžû ŰŠ œĠ Ūȫ l ğ h l ûi l i h hh h h h i h h û j Aźŵǽ ĵųȯ ĺ ūj ɉŠɶŬ ô Ůĸû Ȱ ŴjŲ AźiķŊŬ ĵųh j ķ AźŶji ŲİȎ j Šɰjžk hȊĭjķ i i Šh h i ğ i h û h h û h h ŋjŧŠʃ ů‹ Bź Űũ ȇ Ĭ‹ şĸśȬ ĵŵʼnû Łh bh ĵŲh bh ͦ ŴɆ j j h h m h û h h û h h Ū jŏŠʁh ů űû Ÿi ǜ hhȱ ͧǻ = ĵŵʼnû Łh bh `˯ ˌpʼnŹû ȭ Ŵjû Ųk űjŸǜ j j ȱƁj h h m h h Š h ŲĠ űjŸʼnšû Ȩh Ŵü Ųj ĵŶh Ŀû šh Ȩh űğ Ȫi h h h ûh û ĀjŷlŽƄ j j Ɋb `źŠŋj Ŧ ǓŠ j ? ĵŶjļŠɔ˲ ƽź û h h hh h i h h l ih hh h ʼn jŏŧû ųi ɉ‹ Ĺi ĸh jŪŠɢh `h ǽ ťh žû Ŭ ŋû Şŵĭ Ŧ ðĵŹjķ AźųŰŞȯ ^ĵũb ͨ ŴŽj k û x h h h ųۊɿh ů‹ Bk Kğ ŴŲj k ^źŎi Kh ƭ? `i źû Šh ŋû ŧŠɔh ƽź f jŪńh ͩ ǻ Ũž j Š Ɋi j jj j

legislators.” 90 And the chiefs of his people, who denied, said, “If you follow Shuaib, you will definitely be losers.” 91 Thereupon, the Tremor overtook them, and they became lifeless bodies in their home. 92 Those who disbelieved Shuaib— (it was) as if they never prospered therein. Those who disbelieved Shuaib—it was they who were the losers. 93 So he turned away from them and said, “O my people, I have proclaimed to you the messages of my Lord and I have advised you, so how should I grieve over a denying peoplea?” 94 And never did We send any prophet to any town but We afflicted its people with misery and adversity, that they may earnestly supplicate (Us). 95 Then We substituted good in place of evil until they thrived and said, “Adversity and prosperity have touched our forefathers.” Then We seized them suddenly while they were unaware. 96 Yet had the people of the towns attained faith and become mindful (of God), We would surely have openedb for them blessings from the heaven and the earth. But they disbelieved, so We seized them for what they used to earn. 97 Do the fellows of the towns feel secure that Our chastisement will not come upon them by night while they are sleeping? 98 And do the fellows of the towns really feel securec that Our chastisement will not come upon them by day while they are playing? Do they feel safe from Allah’s scheme? None feel 99 safe from Allah’s scheme except people who are losers. 100 Is it not guidance for those who inherit the land after its fellows that if We willed, We could strike them for their misdeeds, and seal up their hearts so that they would not hear? 101 These towns—We relate to you some of their stories. For very truly their messengers came to them with evident proofs, but they would not believe in what they had disbelieved earlier. Thus Allah seals the hearts of the deniers. 102 And We did not find most of them true to their covenants; rather, We did find most of them defiantly disobedient. 103 Then, after them, We sent Moses with Our signs to Pharaoh and his chiefs, but they did injustice to them. So look what the outcome was for the corrupters. 104 And Moses said, “O Pharaoh, I am a messenger from the



A grammatical shift from 2nd person to 3rd person. Ibn ʻAmer, Abu Jaʻfar and Roways read it as: “. . . We would surely have widely opened for them . . .” c All except Nafieʻ, Ibn Kathir, Ibn ʻAmer and Abu Jaʻfar read it as: “Or do the fellows of the towns feel secure that Our chastisement will not . . .”

a

Qb

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SURAH 7- AL-A‘RâF

û ğ ğ hh h ih m ğ h hh h k h i i û ʼnû hũ Ũğ ơ‹ h Ģ ƅj? jĬ‹ ȇ ^źũ= ƅ `= ȇ pĹŶjžȼjķ űȲļĴŁ ô j h Ģh û m h h h û ûhh û i k ğ k h Ŭi `? ^ĵh hũ ͪ ŮŽj ĺŶ ;ʴŎj? ƴj ķ Njj Ų ŮjŎKįŦ űȲjɅK ŴjŲ j ûh ûh h h m ğ h h i h Ȱʼnj Š ɻů‹ h Ĵû Ł Š ůɂŦ ͫ ǻj ǐ ŴjŲ ĺŶŬ `j? ĵŹh j ķ D j įŦ Ĺp hŽ˲ ĺ j h hhh x hûi h h h i h h x ĸŲĠ `ĵ h j AJh ıhŦ ÿiaʼnh hŽ S Ǘ Ō ŵb ͬ ǻ ĸšȪ Ǘj AJjıŦ aĵ੠j j i û h h h h ğ h h h h ğ im h ûh h ŋŞj ŠɰŰj AŊŠɪ `j? `źû Šŋjû Ŧ _j źû ũ ŴjŲ Ƃųh ɉ‹ ^ĵũ ͭ ŴɆ ɉ ;ĵŘžȨ j h h h h i k i h ûi i ŋiŽ ͮ űžj x ŰŠh ŋf Ņ Š ɹ ů j = Ŵjû Ų űȲŁŋj ƞ `= ʼnɆ j ðűû Ȳŗ˱ j û m h hû û ûhh i h hh û ûh lmi h h ii h h hh Ŵj j ɋAʼnųɉ‹ Ǎj ŮjŎK=b aĵŇ=b ŷŁ j K= Aźɉĵũ ͯ `bŋɊįĻ AJĵųȯ iûh h ki h h h j Šɖ h;mĵŁh bh ͱ ˈžj ŰŠh ŋŅ Š p j g j ɜ h Ůj Ȳjķ ]źĻɂŽ Ͱ ŴɆǬ h ŏɉ‹ h ĸjۊʀh ûů‹ Ŵi ûƗh ĵŶğ Ŭi `? Aŋe Łû Ɓh ĵhȍh `ğ ? l Aźm i ɉĵhũ `h źû Šh ŋjû Ŧ iCŋh Ņ ğ ǻ j j j m ğ Ģ h i Šh l i h i ğ ûhh h h h Ʌŋğ Ūh ųi û ɉ‹ Ŵh ųhɉ űû Ȳ ŵ˯ űšȫ ^ĵũ Ͳ ĵŲj? ƽźųɔ Aźɉĵũ ͳ ǻ j j h h l iû h h mğ h ûi h ûh h i ğ h ŪûŰųi û ɉ‹ Ŵi Ɨ `ź Ȳ ŵ ` = ĵŲ˯ ǐj ŰĻ `= Aźð ŪůɁ ^ĵũ ʹ ǻ j h m i h ûh û h j ğ hi û lm i h h lû hûh m ğhh b;i ĵŁh bh űû Ÿźĸi ŸǛ Ŏ‹b Mĵȍ‹ ǻȭ= AbŋŅŎ AźŪůɁ ĵųŰŦ h h h h h û û Ģ h Ɋi ǓŠ h ? m ĵŶh žû ńh bû h=bø û ȵ h ͵ ˈžŞj Šh ŋŅ jŏj ð]ĵ੠Ũj ůɁ `= ƽź j p g û h h i h h i hûh h h h h û şh Ȱh źh hŦ Ͷ `ź ĵŲh Ůśh Ʌh bh ŨĠ ơ‹ ŭj ŦįŽ ĵŲ ťŪŰĻ Ǘj AJjıŦ l i h h h h hi l i ih h i h ŋjŤŠɞh l Aźĸi hŰŪŵ‹ ͸ ŴɆ b ūj ɉĵŶŸ Aźĸj ŰŤȯ ͷ `źŰųh šû Ȭh Aźŵǽ j h ih h ğ h ûih h ųŰh Š ɿh ûů‹ Bk ŋh ķ ĵŶğ ŲAh ;h l Aźm i ɉĵhũ ͹ ŴŽj h ʼn łɜ Š ǻ CŋŅŏɉ‹ ǐj ůɁb j j j j h h h iŠh h Š h i k h i ŲAh ;h `i źû Šh ŋjû Ŧ ^ĵh hũ ͻ `b Ůĸû Ȱ Ājŷjķ űļŶ ŋɪb ƽźɊ B j Kͺ û h ʼnųh ɉ‹ Ǎ aź i i iû h ğ x û hh h h ğ û i h h h h û h jĹŶŽj j ųȩŋŭŲ ŋŭųɉ AŊŠɪ `j? ðűȲů `JA; `= l hih û h h h h h hûh m Ŵğ šh śj k ȰƁ ͼ `źųi Űšû ȩ [źû ŏh Ŧ ðĵŹh ŰŸ= ĵŹh Ŷjû Ų AźŁi ŋj ňi jȋ h h i h h i i k ih i űû ȲŶğ ĸjh ŰŔh Ɓ űğ Ȫ ťp Š ʄjŇ Ŵjû Ųk űȲŰŁi Kû =bh űû ȲhŽjʼnûŽɁ h mğ l i h mğ i h hh h h hûh h šƦ ĵŶjŲ űjŪŶĻ ĵŲb ; `źĸji ŰŪŶŲi ĵŶh j Ʌk Kh ǓŠ j ? ĵȫj? Aźm ɉĵũ ͽ ǻ j = h h h û ûh m û m h ğh ûh mğ ĵŶh žû ŰŠ Tŋj Ŧ= ĵŶh Ʌğ Kh ô ĵŶh ȩ;h ĵŁh ĵųğ ɉ ĵŶh j Ʌk Kh ĺ j Š ɔ˲ ĵŶŲA;h `= ƅj? ih û h h h h h h ųjŰŏû Ɋi ĵŶh ȯğ źh hĻbh ˊǚ q û Ŕh `źû Šŋjû Ŧ _j źû ũ ŴjŲ Ƃųh ɉ‹ ^ĵũbh Ϳ ǻ j hû l i ûi hh Š h i i hhh h]Kh Ŋh Ɇh bh P˱ h i û j Ɓ‹ Ǎj AbʼnjŏŧȎj ÿŷŲźũb ƽźɊ KŊĻɁ

Lord of all realms, 105 committed to sayinga nothing about Allah but the truth. I have surely come to youpl with an evident proof from your Lord, so sendsg with me the Children of Israel.” 106 He said, “If you have come with a sign, then present it, if you are of the truthful.” 107 So he cast his staff and, lo and behold, it was an evident serpent! 108 And He pulled out his hand and, lo and behold, it was white for the viewers! 109 The chiefs among Pharaoh’s people said, “This is most surely a knowledgeable sorcerer 110 who wants to evict you from your land, so what is it that you command?” 111 They said, “Put him off, and his brother, and send summoners to the cities 112 to bring you every knowledgeable sorcererb.” 113 Thus the sorcerers came to Pharaoh. They said, “Surely there is a rewardc for us if we are the overcomers.” 114 He said, “Yes, and you will most surely become of those brought near (to me).” They said, “O Moses! Either you cast, or we will 115 be the ones to cast.” 116 He said, “You cast!” So when they cast, they affected the eyes of the people with sorcery and intimidated them and came up with great sorcery. 117 And We revealed to Moses: “Throw your staff,” and, lo and behold, it swallowed what they were faking! 118 Thus the truth came to pass, and what they were doing went to waste. 119 So there and then they were overcome and they returned, utterly belittled. 120 Then the sorcerers fell prostrating. 121 They said, “We have attained faith in the Lord of all realms, 122 the Lord of Moses and Aaron.” 123 Pharaoh said, “How dare you believe in Him before I have given you permission? This is surely a scheme you schemed in the city in order to evict its people from it, but you will come to know. I will most surely cut off your hands and your 124 feet on opposite sides, then I will most surely crucify you all.” 125 They said, “Indeed, it is to our Lord that we will return. 126 You only resent us because we have believed in the signs of our Lord when they have come to us. Our Lord, pour out patience upon us and take us at death as Muslims.” And the chiefs of Pharaoh’s people said, “Will 127 you leave Moses and his people to corrupt in the land and leave you and your gods?” He said, “We will relentlessly killd their sons and keep their Qa Qb Qc Qd



Nafieʻ read it as: “. . . realms. It is a commitment upon me to say nothing about Allah but the truth.” Hamza, Al-Kesa’i and Khalaf read it as: “to bring you every knowledgeable, proficient sorcerer”. All except Nafieʻ, Hafs, Ibn Kathir and Abu Jaʻfar read it as: “‘Is there a reward for us if we are the overcomers?’” Nafieʻ, Ibn Kathir and Abu Jaʻfar read it as: “He said, ‘We will kill their sons . . .’” 109

PART 9. THE ELEVATIONS

SURAH 7- AL-A‘RâF

ğ û h ûhh û i hmhûh ikhi h h h h hh hh i m ĵŵ˯ űû Ÿ;h ĵŏjh ȸ Āƻ j ļŏȸb űŸ;ĵŶȨɁ ŮjļŪŶŎ ^ĵũ ôūļŹj ɉA;b h h h h Š h i h h h ğ l i h û Ɋ ^ĵũ ΀ `bŋi Źj Š ɥ űû Źi Ȱźû Ŧ jĬĭjķ AźŶž jšļŎ‹ jŷŲj źû Ūj ů ƽź m h i ğ h hû ğ l i û h ĀjðaIj ĵĸjh Š Ŵjû Ų ;i ĵŒhȹ ŴŲh ĵŹh ȪjKźiŽ jĬj P˱Ɓ‹ `j? Abðm ǚ j Ŕ‹b û h i l û i h h h h Ūļğ ųi Űj ɉ Ĺi ĸh ŪŠɿh ûů‹bh Ŵü Ųj bh ĵŶh hɀj ĻįĻ `= Ůj ĸû Ȱ ŴjŲ ĵŶŽjh Jb= Aźm ɉĵũ ΁ ǻ j j h h i h h i h ûh Š h Šh ^ĵhũ ô ĵŶh hȽĴû Ł űû ȱbğ ʼni Š ūj ŰŹû Ȭi `= űû ȲɅĠ Kh ƿ j ĵŲ ʼnj šȨ hû h i h h h i h i h û h ûhh j Ɓ‹ Ǎj űû Ȳ ΂ `źŰųh šû ȩ ťžû Ŭ ŋh ŞŶžh ȯ P˱ ŧj Űňļŏȹb h m û ûh h k h h h h h û hh ğ k D j j ķ `źû Šŋjû Ŧ ^A;h ĵŵŊŇ= ʼnŪůbh j Š ɷh ųh Ȍ‹ Ŵjh Ų œp Ūȫbh ǻjȿŏɉĭ ğ h h ğ ğ h h l i h i hû i i û h m h h h ĀjðaŊj Šɪ ĵhȍ Aźɉĵũ ĹŶh ŏh ơ‹ űŹȩ;ĵŁ AJjıŦ ΃ `bŋi ŬŊhŽ űû Źi Űšh ů i ğ śğ Ȭh xĹĴh kɀŎh űû Źi ĸû ŕj iĻ `˯ hĵųȫğ ? mƅh Ɂh ÿm ñ ŷi šh Ųğ ŴŲh bh ƽź Š h ųi j ķ l AbǞ j j h h h h h h ğ h ih û i Ģ h ΄ `źųi Űšû Ȭh ƅ űû Ÿǜ ȱ= Ŵğ Ȳ j Š ɧbh jĬ‹ ʼnŶjŠ űû Ÿŋi j Ɍʝ ûh l i h h h û hk h h û h h ûh h ŏȽj ů Ĺp ŽA; ŴjŲ Ājŷjķ ĵŶjh ĻįĻ ĵųh Źû Ɋh Aźɉĵũbh ūɉ Ŵi Ɨ ĵųh ȯ ĵŹh j ķ ĵŵŋh Ņ h i û h hû h h h Ġ i û h h h û h û h h h ŶŲj İû ųi ķ Ůųğ Ūů‹bh IAŋh Ơ‹ b `ĵŦźśů‹ űŹj žŰŠ ĵŶŰŎKįŦ ΅ ǻj j l i hh l ih û h û h hŠ ğ h Ġ h h ğ h h ğ h h AźŵȢb AbǚŭļŎĭŦ ĺ p ʄŕŧŲ ĺ p Š ɔA;h _Ȑ‹b SjIĵŧŘɉ‹b h ųi Š ɔh l Aźiɉĵhũ Ōi Łû ŋɉ‹ h ûĠ qûh k i ûh h h hh ğhh ƽź j űŹj žŰŠ şȰb ĵųɉb Ά ǻjŲŋj ƣ ĵŲźũ h h h h h h h ğh hh i û k ğh h û h h Ōh Łû ŋɉ‹ j ĵŶȭ ĺŧŒŬ ŴjɌů ð]ʼnŶjŠ ʼnŹj Š ĵųjķ ūɅK ĵȍ SI‹ hh h h h h ğ h ûihh h h ğh ûih m j hķ ū šŲ ŴŰjŎǝůb ūɉ ǺjŲİȍ ĵųğ ŰŦ · ŮŽj;Ģʴh Ŏû j ? ƴ h ii i h i i Šh i h h Ģh h û k i i û h h û h h `źĿŭŶhŽ űû Ÿ AJj? aź Ťj Űɐ űŸ Ůg Ł= Ǔj? ŌŁŋɉ‹ j űŹŶȭ ĵŶŧŒŬ h h û l iğ h û iğ kh û û h hh h Ŧ Έ AźķŊŬ űŹȫɂjķ űj Ȏ‹ Ǎj űû Źi Šɰh ũŋh ţįŦ űû Źi Ŷjû Ų ĵŶh ųû Ūļŵĭ l l i h h ğ hû hû hû h ûhh h h ŰŧŠɣh ĵŹh Ŷû ȭh AźiŵȢh bh ĵŶh ļŠɔ˲ Aźŵǽ ŴŽjȑ‹ _źŪů‹ ĵŶȪKb=b Ή ǻj j j hû h h h h ih û h ûi h ȯ ĵŶh ȡû ŋh Š ɐh Ʋů‹ğ ĵŹh Ʌh ŋŠʀh Ųh bh P˱ Š Ų `źŧšŘļŏȹ j ðĵŹžj Ɓ‹ \ŋj ɺ j j h h kh i h h û ğhh iû ū Šh h ƴ m j hķ ȇ Š h ŏû ơ‹ ĵųh j ķ ŮŽj;Ģʴh Ŏû j ? ƴ j ɅK ĺųj ǿ ĺųȩb l i h hh i iûhh i ûh û ih û h h h h hû ğhh l ih h Aźŵǽ ĵŲb ÿŷŲźũb `źŠŋj Ŧ şŶ஠`ǽ ĵŲ ĵŵŋŲIb Abð ǚŔ h Šh h l û h h h h û h û h Ģ h û m h h û h Š h h h i ˉp źû ũ ȇ AźĻɂŦ ŋŅȊ‹ ŮŽj;ʴŎj? ƴj ȼjķ ĵŵLźɕb Ί `źőŋj šû Ȭh h ii ûh û ƽź h ųi Š ɔh l Aźiɉĵhũ űû Źi ğ ɉ ˉĵŶh Ŕû h= ȇ qĵŹŠɧh ? m ĵhȍğ Ůšh Ł‹ Ģ h h `ź ŧŭšȬ ô p j

women alive (in bondage), and indeed, we are subjugators over them.” 128 Moses said to his people, “Beseech Allah for help and be patient; indeed, the earth belongs to Allah: He gives it in inheritance to whomever He wills of His servants, and the future outcome belongs to the mindfulpl (of God).” 129 They said, “We were hurt before you came to us and after you came to us.” He said, “Hopefully your Lord will destroy your enemy and make you successors in the land, then He will look at how you act.” 130 And We afflicted Pharaoh’s folk with years (of drought) and with shortage of products, that they may constantly remember. 131 Yet when good came to them, they said, “This is ours,” and whenever something bad would afflict them, they would ascribe the evil omen to Moses and those with him. Undoubtedly, their omen is indeed solely with Allah, but most of them do not know. 132 And they said, “No matter what sign you bring us to bewitch us with, never shall we believe in you.” 133 So We sent upon them the flood and the locusts and the lice and the frogs and blood—all explicit signs—but they acted arrogantly, and they were a criminal people. 134 And when the torment befell them, they said, “O Moses, pray to your Lord for us according to the covenant He made with you; if you lift the torment from us, we will most surely believe in you, and we will most surely send the Children of Israel with you.” 135 But when We lifted the torment from them for a term they were to fulfill, they promptly broke their promise. 136 So We took retribution on them and drowned them in the waters because they rejected Our signs and were oblivious of them. 137 And We made those who had been deemed weak and oppressed inherit the eastern and western territories of the land which We had blessed. Thus the fair word of your Lord to the Children of Israel was fulfilled because of their endurance, and We destroyed what Pharaoh and his people had done and what they were building. 138 And We made the Children of Israel pass over the sea, then they came upon a people who were devoted to some humanshaped idols of theirs. They said, “O Moses, make for us a god as they have gods.” He said, “You are truly speaking ignorantly.” 139 “What these people are concerned with is surely doomed to perdition, and whatever they used to do is false.” 140 He said, “Shall I seek for you a god other than Allah when He has favored you over all communities?” 141 And



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mh Ģh ğ h h h i ûh h i ğ h h x j;ƅİi ʧ `j? ΋ `źŰŹh Ə x_źû ũ űû Ȳŵj? ^ĵũ ô ĹŹjh ɉA;h űû Źi ɉ ĵųh Ŭ h i h û h l i h ğ x Šh h i h û Ȯh h= ^ĵh hũ Ό `ź Ǟ ŰųšȬ Aźŵǽ ĵŲ Ůśj ɐb jŷžjȯ űû Ÿ ĵŲğ xǚğ ļh Ųi h ğ hh û i h ğ h h i h qh û i û h ųhۊɿh ûů‹ ȇ J˯ ΍ ǻ űȲŰŘŦ źŸb ĵŹŠɧj? űȲžjŤûķɁ jĬ‹ j h hû hm i û i h i ih h ûh û i Šh ûh h h Ŵjû Ųk űȲ ɰžƑ= BA Ŋ š ů‹ ; ź Ŏ ű Ȳ ŵź Ɋź ŏ ȹ ` ź Š ŋj Ŧ ^A ; j j h m m h h i h i i i h űȲj ůŠə ȝj bh űô û ȱ;h ĵŏjh ȸ `źži Ņû ļh ŏû h ȹbh űû ȱ;h ĵŶh Ȩû Ɂ `źŰjļk ŪȬi q h h h Šh h Š h i h û h Š h h i kğ k xmhh x Şj Šh űû Ȳ ĹŰûȎ ǻ j Ŀʄľ ƽźɊ ĵŵʼnŠɩbø Ύ űž j ɅK ŴjŲ ;Ɔķ h h h qh ûh h h ûh m k h i Šh ğ h h û h h h û h û hh ^ĵũb ô ĹŰȎ ǻjšɅK= ĀjŷjɅK ĺʂžjŲ űļȯ Ǭ p šjķ ĵŹŠɰųųȩɁb h h û h iŠh ûşĸȽğ hĻ ƅh bh Ńjû ŰŔû =bh Ǖj źû hũ Ǎ ƴŧû iŰҋ Š h Ɋi `bŋɪ jŷžjŇƁj ƽź j j j ğh h h h h ʼn jŏŧû ųi û ɉ‹ Ůž Š h Ɋi ;h m ĵŁh ĵųğ h ɉbh Ώ ŴŽj ÿŷi ųh ȣbh ĵŶh j ļŠʂžųj j ɉ ƽź j ȼŎ hŠ h Š h h h h h h û h û i h m h k h h h i Ġ h Ŵj Ȳ j ɧb ƴj ƊŋĻ Ŵů ^ĵũ ôūȎj? ŋŞŵ= Țj jK= B j K ^ĵũ ÿŷɅK hh h hû h û i h û h h h h h ĵųğ ŰŦ ˏ ƴj Š Ɗŋh Ļ [źû ŏh Ŧ ÿŷi ŵǾŲh ŋğ Ūļh Ŏ‹ `j j ıŦ Ůj ĸh Ơ‹ Ǔj? ŋŞŵ‹ m ğ h h q h Š h i ğ h h kq h i h h h h h û i Ġ h ğ h h Š Ə ĵųŰŦ ô ĵŪšj Ŕ ƽźɊ ŋŇb ĵȱI ÿŷŰšŁ Ůj ĸłŰj ɉ ÿŷɅK ǔ h h h ûh i ûi h hŠh û i h h h hh h ŶŲj İû ųi û ɉ‹ ^i bğ = ú ĵhŵɁbh ū ΐ ǻj Ȏj? ĺĸȩ ūŶɳĸŎ ^ĵũ \ĵŦ= hh h h û k Ģ h i h h h h Šh j ğȍ‹ ȇ ūļi žû ŧśh Ŕ‹ ƭj j ? ƽź ųŠɔ ^ĵũ Ʋj Š ʄɜ ŋj j ķ Mĵ i h h m û i h h h ğ h ŋjŭɺů‹ Α ŴɆ Ŵjh Ųk Ŵȡbh ūļi ûɀĻA;h ĵŲh ŊňŦ ǖj Š ʄȲjɅbh j Š h q ûh q h ki h û ɉƁ‹û Ǎ ÿȔi h ĵŶh ûȼļh ȡh bh û h ȁ j Ŵj Ų GA ź Ɔžŕj ŧȩbh ĹŞjŠźû Ųğ ;p ƾ j j û û h l û i h h û h ki k i i h h i û h i h Ȃj ô ĵŹjh Ŷŏh ńįjķ AbŊŇįŽ ūɊźû ũ ŋû Ɋ=bh p ˅źğ Ūjķ ĵŸŊňŦ ;p ƾ j ů h i û įŎh Β ǻ h Ū jŏŠʁh ûů‹ KAh Ih űû ȲɆ l iįŎh h j Š ɔAh ;h Ŵû ȭh [i Ǯ Ʋ K b j j j hû ûh û h ği lû hh h iğh hh h ğ k hĹŽA;h ȁ j Ɓ‹ Ǎj `bǚŭļȬ ŴŽjȑ‹ AbŋŽ `˯ Ũj ơ‹ Ǟ p j Ťjķ P˱ q h i i ğh h û Ġ h h lû hh l i û ğ ƆžjȼŎ abŊň j ļȬ ƅ ʼnj őŋɉ‹ ŮžjȼŎ AbŋŽ `˯ ĵŹh j ķ AźŶjŲİiŽ ƅ l i ğ h û i ğ h h Šh q h i i ğ h k h û h h l û h h AźķŊŬ űŹȫɂjķ ūj ɉə ô ƆžjȼŎ abŊň j ļȬ nj j ů‹ ŮžjȼŎ AbŋŽ `˯ ğ l h ğ h h h h h ŰŧŠɣh ĵŹh Ŷû ȭh l AźiŵȢh bh ĵŶh ļŠɔ˲ ĵŶh j ļŠɔ˲ AźiķŊŬ ŴŽj ȑ‹b Γ ǻj j j l i h h ğ h ûhûi ûh û ii h û h û h h h mh Aźŵǽ ĵŲ ƅj? `bŌƒ ŮŸ űô ŹŰŠʅŠ= ĺśjĸń j CŋjŇ˖‹ j;ĵŪj ůbh ğ h h i Š h Ɋi _i źû hũ Ŋh hƛ‹ űû Źj j žjk Űńi Ŵjû Ų Āj aʼnj šû Ȩh Ŵü Ųj ƽź b Δ `źŰųh šû Ȭh

recall how Wea saved you from Pharaoh’s folk who inflicted upon you an evil punishment, relentlessly killingb your sons and keeping your women alive (in bondage). And in that was a great test from your Lord. And We appointedc for Moses thirty nights, and 142 completed them with ten. And thus the time appointed by his Lordd was forty nights. And Moses said to his brother Aaron: “Take my place among my people, and be upright, and do not follow the way of the corrupters.” 143 And when Moses came for Our appointment and his Lordd spoke to him, he said, “My Lord, let me see—to look upon You.” He said, “You will not see Me, but look at the mountain—if it (still) resides in its place, you will see Me.” But when his Lord manifested Himself to the mountain, He turned it into rubblee, and Moses fell down unconscious. Then when he recovered, he said, “Highly Exalted are You; I have indeed repented to you, and I am the first of the believers.” He said, “O Moses, I have indeed chosen you 144 above mankind for My messagesf and for My Words, so take what I have given you and be one of the thankful.” 145 And We inscribed for him in the Tablets all kinds of admonition and a detailed explanation of everything. “So holdsg fast to them and command your people to adopt the best of them. I will show you pl the (final) Home of the defiantly disobedient pl.” 146 I will turn away from My signs those who behave arrogantly on earth without justification. And even if they see every sign, they will not believe in it. And if they see the way of prudence, they will not adopt it for a way; while if they see the way of delusion, they will adopt it for a way. That is because they disbelieved in Ourg signs and were oblivious of them. 147 And those who disbelieved in Our signs and the meeting of the Hereafter—their deeds were nullifiedh. Will they be repaid except for what they used to do? 148 And in his absence the people of Moses took a calf made from their ornaments—a body which lowed. Did they not see that it could not speak to them or

 Ibn ʻAmer read it as: “And recall when He saved you . . .” Nafieʻ read it as: “. . . evil punishment, killing your sons . . .” Qc Abu ʻAmr, Jaʻfar and Yaʻqub read it as: “And We promised Moses thirty nights . . .” d A grammatical shift from 1st person to 3rd person. Qe Hamza, Al-Kesa’i and Khalaf read it as: “. . . He turned it into flattened land . . .” Qf Nafieʻ, Ibn Kathir, Abu Jaʻfar and Rouh read it as: “. . . My message . . .” g A grammatical shift from singular to plural. h Frequently the Qur’an addresses the events of the Hereafter in past tense; this grammatical shift should be pondered by the reader. Qa

Qb

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h h ğh l qû k h hh i ğ q ƅbh űû Źi ųji ŰȲiŽ ƅ ÿŷi ŵɁ Abû ŋh hŽ űû ɉɁ ô KAf źh Ň ÿȔi Aʼnŏh Łh Ɔłj Š ğ h ò e h û ûh h ųjۊɡh l AźiŵȢh bh iabŊi ƛ‹ m j řh jŪŎi ĵųğ h ɉbh Ε ǻ Ǎ ƆžjȼŎ űŹj ŽjʼnŹȬ j h h l l ğ Ġ h i h ûh h h ğ l h ĵŶh ɅĠ Kh ĵŶh Ƨŋû hŽ űû ů ŴjɌů Aźɉĵũ AźŰŗ ʼnû ũ űû Źi ȫɁ Abû =Kh bh űû Źj ŽjʼnûŽɁ h û h ğ h i hh hh û ûhh h Ǫj Šɴ Ģ h Ɋi şh Łh Kh ĵųğ h ɉbh Ζ ŴɆ ƽź ů‹ ŴjŲ Ŵȫźŭȍ ĵȍ ŋjŧŤɆb j h h i ļi ŧû ŰŇh ĵųh ŏh Ȼû ķ ^ĵhũ ĵŧjq Ŏh= Ŵh Šɭh Řû ţh ĀjŷŲj źû hũ ǓŠ h ? Ŵü Ųj Țź ų j j j û h h h h ûh û hûh i k ûh iû h h m ûh Mj =ŋh j ķ ŊŇ=bh GAźh ɉƁ‹ ǐůɁbh ðűû ȲjɅKh ŋh Ɋ= űû ļŰł j Š= ˌdjʼnšȨ h i h û h û h û hû ğ ği h û h h ûh miĠih Țź j ŧšŘļŎ‹ _źŪů‹ `j? _= ŴȨ‹ ^ĵũ jŷˏ Ȏj? ÿaŋƒ jŷžjŇ= û ųŒû i ȶ Ɔh hŦ ƴhŵźiŰļi Ūû Ȭh l AbIi Ȣh bh hşŲh ƴûŰšh ûƏh ƅh bh ;h m Aʼnh Šû hƁ‹û ƪ h ĺ j j j j h h ûh û h h h h û ğ h k h û hû û ĵŶŰjŇI=b ƹj Ɓj b Ǔj ŋjŧţ‹ B j K ^ĵũ Η ǻųj j ۊɾů‹ _j źŪů‹ l i hğ h ğ ğ h hûh ğ űi ńh Kû h= ĺŵ h Ƨj Š ɷů‹ h h=bh ū AbŊƛ‹ ŴŽjȑ‹ `j? Θ ǻj ð j ļƧK Ǎj x ğ û Ġ Š h hû û šûů‹ x Řh ţh űû Źi i ɉĵŶh hɀŎh Ůh ł j Cźžơ‹ Ǎj ĹůjJbh űû Źj j Ʌk Kğ ŴjŲk Ķ ô ĵžh ȫȐ‹ j ğ h û l i h iğ û h h ğ AźŰųŠh ŴŽj h Ǜŧųi ɉ‹ dŌûƑ ūjh ɉŠɶȡh bh űȪ Dĵ j nZjžk ŏɉ‹ j h ȑ‹bh Ι ŴɆ j j l l h h ğ i h h ğh h x ŧŤů ĵŸjh ʼnšû Ȩh Ŵü Ųj ū Kź ɅK `j? Aźm Ŷi ŲAh ;h bh ĵŸjʼnšû Ȩh Ŵü Ųj AźiķĵĻ h h ğhh h û h û h h h i Řh Ťh ûů‹ ƽź h ŲĠ ŴŠh ĺ h ŭ x ńKğ Ŏ ĵųɉb Κ űžj ð GAźh ɉƁ‹ ŊŇ= Ķ h h i h ğk x hû h h q i h h ûi h Λ `źĸi Ÿŋû hŽ űû Źj j Ʌk ŋjh ɉ űû Ÿ ŴŽj ȓj ů ĹƧKb cʼnŸ ĵŹjļňŏȸ ȝj b m ğ h h h Šh k q i h h û h i h û h Š h i h h û h ĵųŰŦ ðĵŶjļʂžųj j ɉ ƆŁK ǻjšĸŎ ÿŷŲźũ ƽźɊ Kĵļҋb û h û h h û ûh k h h h i h û ğ i i û h h h i h Ůĸû Ȱ ŴjŲk űŹi ļh ŭŰŸ= ĺ Ĵjő źɉ B j K ^ĵũ ĹŧŁŋɉ‹ űŹȩŊŇ= ğ ğ h h Ġ Ůh šh ȯh ĵųh ķ ĵŶh ŭji ŰŹû ȩi Ɂh żh Š ɔ˯ h j `û j ? ðm ĵŶjğ Ų ;i m ĵŹh ŧh ŏɉ‹ ūļi ȿļjû Ŧ ƅj? Ǘ j ð û h i h h= ;i m ĵŒh h ȶ ŴŲh djʼnŹû ȩh bh ;i m ĵŒh h ȶ ŴŲh ĵŹh ķ ŮĠ Ř ŋû jŧţĭŦ ĵŶh ȎĠ j bh ĺŵ ð j j Ļ h û iû h ûh û h hh h h=bh ðĵŶh Ƨ i û Ňh ĺŵ h ŋjŧŠʀh ûů‹ Ǟ Ǎj ĵhȍ Ķ ļȱ‹bø Μ ŴɆ K‹b ĵȍ j h h m q ûĠ h h û hû i ğ jh m Ŋh Šh ^ĵhũ ôū ƪA Ȏj? ĵŵʼnŸ ĵŵj? CŋjŇ˖‹ ȝj bh ĹŶh ŏh ńh ĵžh ȫȐ‹ j aŊj Šɪ j i ği û h h h û Kh bh ;i m ĵőh h= Ŵû Ųh Ājŷķ Ķž i Ŕ û h ȁ ĺšjŎb Ʋj Ƨ j = ð ˏ p;ƾ j i h ğ h hŠh ğ h iûih h iğh h ğ hii û h h h űŸ ŴŽj ȑ‹b CźŬŌɉ‹ `źĻİɆb `źŪļȬ ŴŽjȓj ɉ ĵŹĸļȱįŏŦ ik û h i ğ h i ğh h ğ h û h ğ j Ɓ‹ Ʊ ğ ğȍ‹ ^ź Ŏŋɉ‹ `źšjĸȽŽ ŴŽjȑ‹ Ν `źŶji ŲİiŽ ĵŶh j ļŠɔ˲ Ǖ j

guide them to any way? They took it (for worship), and thus they became unjust. 149 Then when they felt incapacitateda and they realized that they had gone astray, they said, “Unless our Lord extends His mercy to us and forgives usb, we will be of the losers.” 150 And when Moses returned to his people, wrathful (and) sorrowful, he said, “What a miserable thing you have done in my absence! Were you impatient over the command of your Lord?” And he threw down the Tablets and he took hold of his brother’s head, pulling him towards himself. He said, “Son of my mother, the people deemed me weak and were about to kill me, so do not allow the enemies to gloat over me and do not count me among the unjust people.” 151 He said, “My Lord, forgive me and my brother and enter us into Your mercy, for You are the Most Merciful of the merciful.” 152 Indeed, those who took the calf will be aff licted by wrath from their Lord and humiliation in the Earlier Life. And thus do We repay the fabricators of falsehood. 153 Yet those who have done evil deeds and then repented and attained faith—your Lord, thereafter, is surely OftForgiving, Bestowing of mercy. 154 And when the wrath abated in Moses, he took up the Tablets. And in their transcript is guidance and mercy for those in awe of their Lord. 155 And Moses chose from his people seventy men for Our appointment, then when the Tremor overtook them, he said, “My Lord, had You willed, You could have annihilated them before, and me too. Will You annihilate us for what the fools among us have done? This is but Your test—with it You lead astray whomever You will and guide whomever You will; You are our Ultimate Guardian, so forgive us and have mercy on us, and You are the best of forgivers. 156 And inscribe for us goodness in this Earlier (Life) and in the Hereafter. We have Judaizedc to You.” He said, “My punishment—I inflict it upon whomever I will, but My mercy has encompassed everything, so I will inscribe it for those who are mindful (of God) and bringd the purifying charitye, and those who





Literally ‘their hands were disabled’, an Arabic expression that implies the realization that one has made a wrong decision and is frustrated. Qb Hamza, Al-Kesa’i and Khalaf read it as: “‘Unless You extend Your mercy to us, our Lord, and forgive us . . .’” c The Arabic word used is hudna which means ‘turned back’ as well as ‘became Jews’.. d The Qur’an always uses verb ‘to bring’ rather than verb ‘to give’ in association with charity; this should be pondered by the reader. e The Arabic word used is zakāt, which denotes purification and growth. a

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û h Š hûğ ğ û h ih i h h Š ĵɅź e ļi ŭ û Ÿi ʼnŶj ƃ‹ b Ĺ j Ɗ K ź ȋ‹ Ůž Ƒ Ǎ ű Ų ÿ ŷ ŵb ʼn ƒ dj ȑ‹ j j j j j û û h h i û û û h i h iűi Źhɉ ŮĠ Ņ i j ŋi šųh ɉĭjķ űŸŋi Ɋi įhŽ j Ɇbh ŋj ŭŶųi ɉ‹ Ŵj Š űû ŹŠƋŹŶɆbh [b i h û û i û h i h h h h Ģ h hû i û h h i k h i h Š h k ğ űû ŸǮ j ɭjžśů‹ j ? űŹŶȭ şŘɆb ĽjɌʪƢ‹ űŹj žŰŠ _ŋj ŅɆb ĺ ğ l ğ h û hŵǽh Ʋů‹ Ůh Š ʄh ţû hƁ‹û bh i Ki Ōğ Šh bh Ājŷķ AźŶi ŲAh ;h ŴŽj h ȑĭhŦ űô û Źžû ŰŠh ĺ ab j j j h Ģhli m i h h h i m ğ h Ġ l i hğ h i i h h h iűŸi ū j Ɍʤb= ÿŷšŲ ^Ōŵ j = djȑ‹ Kźȍ‹ Aźšĸȩ‹b abDzŵb h k i h i ûiû ğ i i ğȍ‹ ĵŹh ȬĠ ɂh ʑ Ģ h Ůû iũ Ξ `ź űû ȲȎû j ? jĬ‹ ^źŎi Kh ƭj j ? Mĵ Ņj Űŧųɉ‹ h û ğ ğ h h û m h i i i i e Ʀh ğ ū h j Š ʆh Š ʅh ŏɉ‹ źh Ÿ ƅj? ŷh Š ɧj? ƅ P˱ ŰɊ ÿȔ djȑ‹ ĵšžj ˌ j Ɓ‹b D ğ kkiû ğ l i nh h i i h ûi i Kh bh jĬĭ k ğȍ‹ jȔź j djȑ‹ Ǖ Ŏ j j Ɓ‹ Ʊ j ķ AźŶjŲĵZŦ ðĺžųj Ɇb Āƻ j Ž jj h ğ h h i ğ h ğ û ŴjŲbh Ο `bʼni ļh Źû ȩ űû ȲŰšh ů iaźši j ĸĻ‹bh ĀjŷjļŠʅjh ȣbh jĬĭjķ Ŵji ŲİiŽ h i h i ûh x ği Ģ h i jûh h û ķ `b Π `źɉjʼnšû Ȭh ĀjŷjɅbh Ũj k ơĭ ʼnŹȬ ĹŲ= ƽźɊ _źũ j h h i h e ĸh Ŏû = hCǬ h û Šh Ʋ û h hȿûľ‹ űi Źi Šɰh šû śğ Ȱh bh Ģ h Ɋi ǓŠ j ? m ĵŶh žû ńh bû =bh ô ĵųq Ɋh = ĵŚĵ ƽź h mi iûh i h û h û û h ŕh šh Ȩk Bǰ‹ h û ]ĵ ` ð ŋh łh ơ‹ j = ÿŷŲźũ ŷŠƋŪŏȽŎ‹ jJj? j j hi Ġi h h û h qû h hh û h hhû i û û h h h h Mĵ p ŵɁ ȁ űj ŰŠ ʼnũ ðĵŶžȭ CǬŠ ĵļȿľ‹ ŷŶjŲ ĺŏłĸ˩ĭŦ û h h û h hh h Šh h û i ûh h hû ğ h h û i h h û ğ =b űʅŤů‹ űŹj žŰŠ ĵŶŰŰŝb űô ŹɅǬŲ Ŵğ ųh ɉ‹ űi Źj žû ŰŠ ĵhȍŌŵ l ii Š hû ğ h h h h i û h źŰŏɉ‹b ĵŵźųi Űŝ ĵŲh bh űô û ȲŠɰh ũLh Kh ĵŲh ĺ j Šɭjžk Śh ŴjŲ Aźǿ ðc h h h h û û h i l i h űi Źi ɉ ŮžjȰ J˯ Ρ `źųji ŰŞȬh űû Źi ŏh ŧŵ= Aźm ŵǽ ŴȲ j Š ɧbh l i ih û iû l ii h hû h l i û i Aźɉźũb űļȻjő Ľžû ńh ĵŹh Ŷjû Ų Aźȣbh ĹɆh ŋû Ūů‹ j aŊj Šɪ AźŶi ŭŎ‹ û h x ğ h i h ûğ q i h hȊ‹û l AźiŰŇi I‹ űô û Ȳjļ˜mžśj Ň űû Ȳů ŋû jŧŤȫ Aʼnłğ Ŏi Bĵ b Ĺśjń eûh û iû l ih h h ğ hğhh û û ųi ɉ‹ ʼnɆ h ȿ jŏŅ i ǣh Ŏh ƅźũ űŹŶjŲ AźųŰŝ ŴŽjȑ‹ ^ʼnĸȯ ΢ ǻ j j ğ hû h m h ğ h k q û û ûh h hû h ûhh û ih h ;j ĵųŏɉ‹ ŴjŲ ˊŌŁjK űŹj žŰŠ ĵŶŰŎKįŦ űŹɉ ŮžjȰ djȑ‹ ǞȮ h i ûh l i h h û hŵǽh Ʋů‹ğ jĹɆh ŋû Ūh ûů‹ ŴŠh űû Źi ûŰnZh Ŏû bh Σ `ź ĺ ųj ŰŞȬ Aźŵǽ ĵųjķ j j û h i û h û û hû hh h i h û h û û ğ Ǎ `b űû Źi ȫĵļžj ń űŹj žjȩįĻ Jj? ĺ Cǰĵ j ń j ĸŏɉ‹ j ʼnšȬ Jj? ŋj ŅȊ‹ û h h h h h h h ğ i űû ŹjļûȼŎh _h źû hŽ ūj ɉŠɶŬ űô û Źj žjȩįĻ ƅ `źļi j ȼŏû h ȹ ƅ _h źû Ɇh bh ȕq Ǩ j i l h û h x h i i ûh i h i iûh û ůĵhũ J˯ Τ `ź űjh ɉ űû Źi Ŷjû Ųk ĹŲğ = ĺ ŪŏŧȬ Aźŵǽ ĵųjķ űŸźŰĸȫ

believe in Our signs— 157 those who follow the Messenger, the gentilea Prophet whom they find written in the Torah and the Gospel—in their possession—commanding them to what is fair and forbidding them what is deplorable, and allowing for them all good things and prohibiting for them nasty things, and unloading their heavy loadb and the shackles that were upon them. So those who have attained faith in him and have respected him and have supported him and have followed the light that came down with him—those are the successful.” 158 Say, “O mankind, I am indeed the Messenger of Allah to you all—He to whom belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth; there is no god but He. He gives life and causes death, so believe in Allah and Hisc Messenger, the gentilea Prophet who believes in Allah and His words, and follow him, that you may be guided.” 159 And of the people of Moses is a community that guides by truth and thereby acts with justice. 160 A nd We divided them into t welve t r ibal communities. And We revealed to Moses when his people asked him for something to drink: “Strike the rock with your staff,” whereupon twelve springs gushed from it; each group of people certainly recognized its drinking-place. And We shaded them with clouds and We sent down upon them manna and quails: “Eat of the good things We have provided for you.” And they were not unjust to Us, but to themselves they used to do injustice. 161 And recall when it was said to them, “Settle in this town and eat therein whatever you wish and speak modestly and enter the gate in humility—We will forgive you your offensesd, and will give more to those who excel in doing good.” 162 Then the ones who did injustice among them substituted another word for the word said to them, so We sent down upon them a torment from heaven on account of how they used to do injustice. 163 And ask them about the town by the sea when they violated the Sabbath. When they observed the Sabbath, their fish would come to them abundantly. But when they violated the Sabbath, their fish would not come to





Literally ‘the unlettered’. Ibn ʻAmer read it as: “. . . their heavy loads . . .” c A grammatical shift from 1st person to 3rd person. Qd Abu ʻAmr read it as: “. . . We will forgive you your numerous offenses . . .” Ibn ʻAmer read it as: “. . . your offense will be forgiven for you . . .” Nafieʻ, Abu Jaʻfar and Yaʻqub read it as: “. . . your numerous offenses will be forgiven for you . . .” a

Qb

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h i k h h h i h q h i ğ ‹ ĵŲe źû hũ `ź ŞjšĻ ðˑʼnŽjʼnő ĵķAq ŊŠ űû Źi Ȩji Ŋšh Ųi bû = űû Źi ŭj ŰŹû Ɋi Ĭ h l i h l h hh ğ h i h i e ĵŲh Aźŏi ȸ ĵųğ ŰŦ Υ `źŪļğ Ȭh űû Źi Űšh ůbh űû ȲjɅk Kh ǓŠ j ? CKjh Ŋšû Ųh Aźɉĵũ h h Ġ ŴŠh `h źû Źh Ŷû Ȭh ŴŽj h ȑ‹ğ ĵhŵŊû Ňh =bh j;źm ŏɉ‹ h ȑ‹ğ ĵŶh žû hƑ= mĀjŷķ l Abŋji Ŭk Ji ŴŽj j j lûh h ğhh h h l ih h h i i ûh l i h h h Aźļȭ ĵųŰŦ Φ `źŪŏŧȬ Aźŵǽ ĵųjķ ˡžnZj ķ BA ģ Ŋšjķ AźųŰŝ l û h i û h nZ jŏŠɗh eCIh ŋjh ũ AźiŵźŬ űû Źi ɉ ĵŶh Űiũ ŷi Ŷû ȭh l AźŹi ȫi ĵŲğ ŴŠh J˯ Χ ǻ j h Ġh h ğhh ğ h šh ĸû hȎh ū i ŏi h ȹ ŴŲh jĹųh Šɱh jŪûů‹ _j źû hŽ ǓŠ h ? űû Źžû hŰŠh ǹ ɅK `JįĻ űû Źi Ɋź j j û h h h hû h ğh ğ x ŧi Ťh ů ÿŷi ğŵ˯ BĵŪh jšů‹ şɆ i i Ǫh ɉ ū Kź ɅK `j? BA ˍ j Ŋšů‹ ;h źm Ŏ j j hû h h i Š ğ i iûk qhi x ńKğ j Ɓ‹ Ǎj űû Źi Šɰh šû śğ Ȱbh Ψ űžj `źŅj Űɻů‹ űŹŶjŲ ðĵųɊ= P˱ h i û iû h h ğ bh ĺŠɰh ŏh ơĭ h û ķ űŹi Šɓh źû hŰɅh bh ðūjh ɉŠəh `b I űŹŶjŲb Dĵ j nZjžk ŏɉ‹ j j l i h xû h û ûh hh h h h ûh û iğhh AźľjKb ťŰŇ űjŸʼnj šȨ Ŵü Ųj ťŰňŦ Ω `źši Ł j ŋŽ űŹŰšů hû h i i Šh û h û h Š h h h h h i i û h h Š h û ŋi ŧŤži Ŏh `źɉźŪɆh bh ƭ IƁ‹ AŊɪ PŋŠ `bŊŇįŽ Ķɮjŭů‹ û h h h h û h û h iû x h i i û űŹj žû ŰŠ ŊŇİiŽ űû ɉɁ ôiabŊŇįhŽ ÿŷi ŰĿjŲk Pŋh Š űû Źj j ĻįhŽ `˯ ĵhȍ l i h h h ğ hû ğ ğ h h l i i h ğ h h û i h k AźŎKIb Ũơ‹ ƅj? jĬ‹ ȇ AźɉźŪȬ ƅ `= Ķ j Šɮjŭů‹ ŨŠɯžjŲ h i h hhh h iğh h ğk x û h ih h ğ `źŰjŪšû ȩ ƆŦ= `ź ô ŪļȬ ŴŽjȓj ů ǞŇ CŋjŇ˖‹ KAi Ȑ‹bh ˍjŷžjȯ ĵŲ h ğ h h ğ l i hhh h û h i k hi h ğ h ƅ ĵŵj? CźŠ Űŕɉ‹ AźɊĵũ=b Ķ j ųȬ ŴŽjȑ‹b Ϊ j Šɮjŭůĭjķ `źŭŏ û h h h h û h û i h ŅjŰŕû ųi û ɉ‹ ŋh Łû h= şž i Ř űû Źi Ȱźû Ŧ Ůĸh Ơ‹ ĵŶh Ūļh ȫ J˯ø Ϋ ǻ j j ŵ ğh l h x ğ i ğhh h m l i i i űȲŠɰh žû ȩA;h ĵŲh AbŊŇ űû Źj j ķ ü şji ũAbh ÿŷi ŵɁ Aźm ŶĠ ŝbh ĹŰŝ ÿŷi ŵɂŬ l i û h h h û h i h i ğ h i h ūɅĠ Kh ŊŇ= J˯ ά `źŪļğ ȩ űû ȲŰšh ů jŷžjȯ ĵŲh Abŋi ŬJ‹bh p ˅źğ Ūjķ h h h m h ü Ģ h h űû Ÿi ʼnh Źh őû =bh űû Źi ļh Ɇğ Kk Ji űjû ŸKźŹi ŝi ŴjŲ _h IA ; ƴj ķ ŴŲj ȇ j j h l l i i mh h hh h û i kh i û hh û i h ih Š ķ Aźɉĵũ ðűȲjɅŋjķ ĺŏɉɁ űŹj jŏŧŵ= _h źû hŽ AźɉźŪȩ `= ô ĵŵʼnû Źj ő ǔ m h ğ lmi ih ûh h ŰŧŠɣh AŊh Šɪh Ŵû ȭh ĵŶğ Ŭi ĵğŵ? jĹųh Šɱh Ūûů‹ ĵųȫj? AźɉźŪȩ b= έ ǻj j j j h m ih û i h h û û h ü k q ğ k i ğ i h i û h hi h û= ĵŶŭj ŰŹļȯ= ðűjŸʼnj šȨ ŴŲj ĹɆjKJ ĵŶȡb ŮĸȰ ŴjŲ ĵŵ>ĵhķA;h ]h Ǩ ğ h i k hi h h h h i û û hhh h űû Źi Űšh ůbh ĺ j Š ɔ˖‹ Ůŕj ŧȫ ūj ɉŠɶȡbh ή `źŰśj ĸųi ɉ‹ Ůšȯ ĵųh j ķ ğ hhh û ûh h iû h h hĵŶļŠɔAh ;h ŷi Šɰh žû ȩAh ;h dj m ûh ȑ‹ įĸȫ űŹj žŰŠ ŮĻ‹b ί `źši Ł j j ŋŽ

them. Thus We tried them on account of how they used to be defiantly disobedient. 164 And recall when a group of them said, “Why do you admonish a people whom Allah will annihilate or punish with a severe punishment?” They said, “As an excuse to your Lord, and so that they may become mindful (of God).” 165 Then when they forgota what they were reminded of, We saved those who forbidb evil, and We seized those who did injustice with a terrible punishment on account of how they used to be defiantly disobedient. 166 Then when they rebelled against what they had been forbidden to do, We said to them, “Be despicable apes.” 167 And recall when your Lord announced that He would most surely send against them someone who would inf lict terrible punishment upon them until the Day of Resurrection. Your Lord is most surely swift in punishment, and He is most surely Oft-Forgiving, Bestowing of mercy. 168 And We scattered them into communities on earth—some of them righteous and some of them short of that—and We tested them with good and evilc, that they may return. 169 Thus they were succeeded by generations who inherited the Scripture while seizing the materials of this lower (world), and saying, “We will be forgiven.” And should similar materials come their way, they would again seize them. Was not the pledge of the Scripture taken by them, to say nothing about Allah but the truth? Did they not study its contents? But the Home of the Hereafter is better for the mindfulpl (of God). Will youd not reason? 170 And those who adhere strictlye to the Scripture and have establishedf the prayer—indeed, We do not waste the reward of the reformers. 171 And recall when We suspended the mountain over them as if it was a dark cloud, and they thought it would fall on them: “Holdpl fast to what We have given you and remember what it contains, that you may remain mindful (of God).” 172 And recall when Your Lord summoned the offspringg of the children of Adam from their loins and made them testify about themselves, “Am I not your Lord?” They said,





Neglected. b A grammatical shift from past tense to present tense. c Good and evil are mentioned in plural form. Qd All except Nafieʻ, Ibn ʻAmer, Hafs, Abu Jaʻfar and Yaʻqub read it as: “Will they not reason?” Qe Shuʻba read it as: “And those who adhere to the Scripture . . .” f A grammatical shift from present tense to past tense. Qg Nafieʻ, Abu ʻAmr, Ibn ʻAmer, Abu Jaʻfar and Yaʻqub read it as: “offspring(s)”. a

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SURAH 7- AL-A‘RâF

h ğ i h hûhh hû h h h h h bĵŤh ûů‹ Ŵjh Ų `h Ǿh hŦ Ŵi Šɽh žû Œɉ‹ źû ɉbh ΰ ŴɆ ŷšĸȩɂŦ ĵŹŶjŲ ņŰŏȸĭŦ j h h û h h ğ h h Ňû = ÿm ŷi Ŷjğ ŭŠɧh bh ĵŹh ķ ŷi Šɰh šû ȯh ŋh h ɉ ĵŶh Ȼjû ő j Ɓ‹ Ǔj? Ȓ ŷô i Š Ɗźh Ÿ şh ĸh ȩ‹bh P˱ j ûhû hh h iihh h ûi h û h û h û h û h h û û h iŷŬû Ǜ ȩ b= ĽŹŰŽ jŷžŰŠ Ůųj ƕ `j? Ķ j Ȁů‹ Ůj ĿųŬ ÿŷŰĿųȯ ğ l h û h ğ h hû ih h ğ h hûh œj ŕi ũĭŦ ô ĵŶh j ļŠɔ˲ AźiķŊŬ ŴŽj ȑ‹ _j źû Ūů‹ ŮĿŲh ūj ɉŠ ə Ľ ˏ ŹŰŽ h i ğ hhh û iğhh h h hû h ȑ‹ğ _i źû Ūh ûů‹ Ɔe Ŀh Ųh ;h m ĵŎh α `b ŋŭŧļȬ űŹŰšů œŕŪů‹ ŴŽj l h i û h i h û i h i hh h Šh l i ğ h i ğ ʼnj Źû Ȭh ŴŲh β `ź Ĭ‹ ųj ŰŞȬ Aźŵǽ űŹŏŧŵ=b ĵŶjļɔ˲ AźķŊŬ û h h i Šh i i h Ģhlih û û i h h hû û γ `bǪ j ɴů‹ űŸ ūjɌʤbįŦ Ůj ŰŘŽ ŴŲb ˌdʼnj ļŹųi ɉ‹ źh Źi ȯ û h k û h k q h h ğ h h hûh h û hh h x ii û ih BźŰũ űŹɉ ōȸ ˌ j ƃj ‹b Ŵj Ơ‹ j ŴjŲ ˊǞjĿŬ űŶŹƠj ĵŵɁKJ ʼnŪůb h h x h û i h h h i ûi ğ x i û h û ih h h h i h û h ğ `AJA; űŹɉb ĵŹjķ `bDz j ĸȬ ƅ ǻȭ= űŹɉb ĵŹjķ `źŹŪŧȬ ƅ h i ğ h û Ġ h h i hûh û h h h i m h ūjɌʤĢ bl = ô Ůŗ= űû Ÿ Ůhķ űj Š ɿŵƁĭŬ ūjɌʤĢ bl = ô ĵŹh j ķ `źši ųh ŏû h ȹ ƅ h i hû i û h Š h û iû i m h û h û ğ h ðĵŹh j ķ iaźŠi IĭŦ ƴ ŏơ‹ ;ĵųŎƁ‹ jĬj b δ `źŰŧj Š ʀů‹ űi Ÿ h l i h h h ûh û i h h i ûi h ğ l ih h m j `b Ģ h Ŏû = Ǎ Aźŵǽ ĵŲ `bŌłžŎ ĀjôŷjɌ˂ ʼnŅ j ŰŽ ŴŽjȑ‹ AbKJb i h i ûh x ğ mhûh h û ğ h h i h û ķ `b ĀjŷjɅbh Ũj k ơĭ ʼnŹȬ ĹŲ= ĵŶŪŰŇ ŴųjɊb ε `źŰųh šû Ȭh j h h i h l ğ h h ğ h ȑ‹b ζ `źɉjʼnšû Ȭh Ŵjû Ųk űŹi Łi jKʼnû ļh ŏû ȿŎh ĵŶh j ļŠɔ˲ AźiķŊŬ ŴŽj h h h ihûh h i ûh f j ļŲh djʼnžû Ŭh `ğ ? űû Źi h ɉ ǔɊû i=bh η `ź űû ɉbh = θ ǻ ųŰšȬ ƅ Ľžń j ô j h h l i ğ hhh f ĸŲĠ ŋŽj x Ŋhŵ ƅğ ? źh Ÿi `û ? ˏĹŶğ Ł ŴjŲk űŹĸń ǻ j j g j j j j j ĵŕjķ ĵŲ Abñ ŋŭŧļȬ hû h h i hh l i h h h h ğ Dźŭ j Ɓ‹bh D Ũh ŰŇ ĵŲh bh P˱ j Š ʆŠʅŏɉ‹ j ŰɊ Ǎj Abŋi ŞŶhŽ űû ɉbh = ι i h h h hhû h h i h h Ģ h h û hh û h iğ Ȱ‹ ʼnj ũ `źȲŽ `= ƿŠ `=b p;ƾ ŴjŲ Ĭ‹ ðűû Źi ŰŁ= BǛ hh iğ h û û h k h h ƆŦ Ĭ‹ Ůjj ŰŘiŽ ŴŲh κ `źŶji ŲİiŽ ÿiaʼnh šû Ȩh ĽŽj ģ ʼnń dj įj ĸŦ h û h h h h i i h ūŵźŰnZh ŏû h ȹ λ `źŹi ųh šû Ȭh űû Źj j ŶŠɱh ŤŚi Ǎj űû ŸKi ŊɆh bh ÿô Ȕi djh IĵŸ h k h û ğ ûi h h h ğ h ƅ ˌȗj Kh ʼnŶj Š ĵŹh ųi ŰjŠ ĵųh ȫj? Ůũ ðĵŹh Š ƋŎh ŋû Ɋi `ĵğŽɁ jĹŠĵŏɉ‹ Ŵj Š hû h û h ih hi ğ mh ûh h khi h h ğ Ǎĺ ƅ P˱ j Š ʆŠʅŏɉ‹ ˏ j Ɓ‹bh D j ŰŪȪ ôźŸ ƅj? ĵŹjļũźj ɉ ĵŹžj Űƒ h ğ h h h h i nh û h ñ q h û h ğ û i û h hń ū hĵųȫğ ? Ůû iũ ðĵŹh Ŷû ȭh Ǐ Ğ ŵɂŬ ūŵźŰZŏȹ ĹļŤȨ ƅj? űȲžjȩįĻ j j h û h h û h ğ Šh h ğ h hhȱ j ğȍ‹ ǜ μ `źųi Űšû Ȭh ƅ Mĵ = ŴȲ j ɧb jĬ‹ ʼnŶjŠ ĵŹh ųi ŰjŠ

“Yes, we do testify.” Thus youa cannot say on the Day of Resurrection, “We were oblivious of this.” Nor can youb say, “Our forefathers practiced 173 polytheism before, and we were their offspring who came after them. Will you annihilate us for what the advocates of falsehood did?” 174 And thus We detail the signsc, and that they may return. 175 And relate to them the story of the one to whom We brought Our signs, but he detached himself from them, so Satan went after him and he became of the deluded. 176 And had We willed, We could have elevated him through them, but he clung to the ground and followed his whim. Thus his example is like that of a dog: if you chase it, it pants; and if you leave it alone, it pants. Such is the likeness of the people who disbelieved in Our signs. So narrate the narratives, that they may reflect. 177 Evil is the parable of the people who disbelieved in Our signs and to themselves they used to do injustice. 178 Whomever Allah guides is the guided one, and whomever He misguides—thosed are the losers. 179 We have destined for Hell multitudes of unseen beingse and humans; they have hearts with which they do not comprehend, and have eyes with which they do not see, and have ears with which they do not hear. Those are like cattle; in fact, they are further astray. Those are the oblivious. 180 And to Allah belong the most beautiful names, so use them to call upon Him, and leave aside those who blaspheme His names. They will be repaid for what they used to do. 181 And of those We created is a community that guides by truth and does justice thereby. 182 But those who disbelieved in Our signs—We will draw them forth gradually (to punishment) from where they do not know. 183 And If will give them respite. Indeed, My plot is firm. 184 Have they not reflected? There is no madness in their fellow; he is but an evident warner. 185 Have they not looked into the dominion of the heavens and the earth and all the things that Allah created and that perhaps their time may have drawn near? In what discourse beyond this will they believe? 186





Abu ʻAmr read it as: “Thus they cannot say . . .” Qb Abu ʻAmr read it as: “Nor can they say . . .” c The Arabic word used is ayat (singular ayah). Ayah means ‘sign’ or ‘proof’. It is also used to denote the unit of text in the Qur’an, like ‘verse’ in poetry or ‘sentence’ in prose. Each such unit is considered a ‘sign’ from God. d A grammatical shift from singular to plural. e The Arabic word used is jinn which are unseen beings that are accountable for their actions. f A grammatical shift from plural to singular. Qa

115

PART 9. THE ELEVATIONS

SURAH 7- AL-A‘RâF

h iğ hm h h ğ ĝ h hh qûh û i h mğ i źû ɉbh ôĬ‹ ;ĵő ĵŲ ƅj? Aǰ ƅb ĵšŧȫ ƿj ŧh jȍ ūj ŰɊû = ƅ Ůũ û h û h h ûhû ih û h i i i ǜ û Ƣ‹ h û Ŵjh Ų D ûhŭ h j ŏğ Ɋh ĵŲh bh Ǟ ƴ ļŎ˔ ĶžŤů‹ űŰŠ= ĺŶŬ j k h h û i Ġ x Ŋhŵ ƅğ ? ú ĵhŵɁh `û ? ;i źm ŏɉ‹ źh Ÿø ν `źŶji ŲİiŽ ˉp źû Ūj ů xǞ jŒhȵbh ŋŽj j j ô ğ h ûğ i hh h ĵŹh Łh bû Lh ĵŹh Ŷjû Ų Ůšh Łh bh p Cʼnjh ńŠɩh ōp ŧȫ ŴjŲk űȲŪŰŇ djȑ‹ û h q h e ûh û h hh hŠ ğ h h ğ hh hûh h i û h Dŋğ ųh ȯ ĵŧžjŧŇ ƆƧ ĺ ŰƧ ĵŹƋŒŤȩ ĵųŰŦ ðĵŹȎj? ŴȲŏɀj ů h h h h ğ Aźh Šh Iğ ĺhŰŪh Ȫû Ɂh m ĵųğ hŰhŦ Ājŷķ ĵŅjq ۊɞ ĵŶh ļh ûɀĻA;h Ŵû j Ɍů ĵųh Źi Ʌğ Kh Ĭ‹ ðj h h h q Š h h iŠ h h m ğ h h i ğ h ğ h hğ h ŋjŭɺů‹ Š ŴjŲ Ŵȫźŭȍ ƆšŁ ĵŅj Űɞ ĵųŹƋĻA; ĵųŰŦ ξ ŴɆ j i m ûi ğ h iğ h h h h h iŠ h h h hmhh i ih h ο `źȡǬ j ȹ ĵųȭ Ĭ‹ ǔŠɿļȯ ô ĵųŹƋĻA; ĵųžjȯ ;ȢǨ ÿȔ hh h ihûi û i h qû h iiûh h h h i ûih ƅb π `źŪŰƞ űŸb ĵnZžő ŨŰƞ ƅ ĵŲ `źȡǬ j ȹɁ h h m h h i i h û i h i h i h ûh q û hŵ űû Źi ɉ `ź Ž űŹŏŧŵ= ƅbh ˊDz šžśj ļŏȹ `˯ ρ `bDzŶ h Š h iû h û i i û h i ğ i hh m űû Ȳžû ŰŠ ;f Aźh Ŏh űô û ȡźši j ĸȽhŽ ƅ c ʼnŹɉ‹ Ǔj? űŸźŠʼnĻ h h h i h ûh û i iiûh hh h h ğ ğ ŴjŲ `źŠi ʼnû Ļ ŴŽj ȑ‹ `j? ς `źļi ųj Š ɞ űû ļŵ = _= űŸźųȩźŠI= h i h l i h û hûh û i i û h û i i hû f h ğ i űû Ȳů Aźĸž ł j I j ļŏɀŰŦ űŸźŠIĭŦ ðűȲůĵĿŲ= IĵĸjŠ jĬ‹ `b h h hm h i x h hh i Ŭi `? h Ȱʼnj Š ɞh űû ļŶ ʼnp ûŽɁ űû Źi ɉ _û = ð ĵŹh j ķ `źŒųû Ȭh ŮŁi Kû = űû Źi ɉɁ σ ǻj j x h h û ih ûh m h h i ûi x i û h û ih ûh m h h i ûh `AJA; űŹɉ _= ð ĵŹjķ `bDz j ĸȬ ǻȭ= űŹɉ _= ð ĵŹjķ `źŒśj ĸȬ hh i h h ih ûh i ğ i û i hmhh i l i û ƆŦ `b j ʼnžjŬ űȪ űȱ;ȢǨ AźŠI‹ Ůj ũ ñĵŹjķ `źšųŏȹ ğ ğ i h Šh û h ğh ğ iğ i j iĻ Ƞźh ļh Ȭh źh Ÿbh ðĶ ɮjŭů‹ ^Ōŵ djȑ‹ Ĭ‹ ˶bh `j? τ `b j ŋŞŶ h i h ûh h h ğ h h ğ h i h Ņjۊɻů‹ `źšž śj ļŏȹ ƅ ĀjŷjŵbI ŴjŲ `źŠi ʼnû Ļ ŴŽj ȑ‹b υ ǻ j h i h i i h û i h i h mhh û ih û h h Ž űŹŏŧŵ= ƅb űȡDzŵ Ǔj? űû ŸźŠi ʼnû Ļ `˯ φ `bDzŶ h û i h h ûh h i i h û iŠ h h h l i h û h h Š h iû ƅ űŸb ūȎj? `bŋŞŶŽ űŹƊŋĻb Aźð šųŏȹ ƅ cʼnŹɉ‹ û û û i û h i ûi h û û h Ŵj Š Pŋj Š=bh [j ŋû ši ůĭjķ ŋû Ɋi =bh źh ŧšh ů‹ Ŋj Ň χ `bDz j ĸȬ x û û h ûh Šhû ğ h h ğh h h ğ h û h ŰŹŠɲ Ŋjšļh Ŏĭ Ŧ TŌŵ Ŵj ɽžŒɉ‹ ŴjŲ ūŶȮǣŽ ĵŲ˯ ψ ǻj j ů‹ h l hğ h ğ ğ f ųj Ŏh ÿŷi ğŵ? jĬğ ĭķ f ŰŠh şž űû Źi ŏğ Ɋh AJj? Aźû Ūȩ‹ ŴŽj ȑ‹ `j? ω űžj j ô j l ğ h h h ğ h i ûĠ i h k x Ģ h ϊ `bDz j ĸŲ űŸ AJjıŦ Abŋi ŬŊĻ Ŵj Šɽh žû Œɉ‹ Ŵh Ųj ťjɌʝ

Whomever Allah leads astray has no guide, and He leavesa themb to wander aimlessly while exceeding all limits. 187 They ask you about the Hour, “When will it take place?” Say, “Knowledge of it rests with my Lord; none can reveal its coming except He. Heavy has its weight become throughout the heavens and the earth. It comes not upon you except suddenly.” They ask you as if you are responsible for it. Say, “Surely, knowledge of it but rests with Allah,” though most of mankind do not know. 188 Say, “I have no power to benefit or harm (even) myself, except as Allah wills. And had I known the hidden realm, I would have acquired much good, and no harm would have touched me. I am only a warner and a herald of glad tidings to people who believe.” 189 It is He Who created you from a single self and made from it its spouse, that he may find rest with her; then when he coveredc her, she carried a light (load of) pregnancy, then she passed by with it. But when she grew heavy, theydl called upon Allah, their Lord, “If You give us a righteous one, we will most surely be of the thankful.” 190 But when He gave them a righteous one, they set associates with Him in what He has given them. Rather, Most High is Allah above what they associate. 191 Do they associate (with God) what creates nothing and are themselvesb created? 192 And can neither support them nor support themselves? 193 And if yousg call them to guidance, they do not follow you. It is the same for you whether you call them or remain silent. 194 Indeed, those you call upon apart from Allah are servants like you, so call upon them and let them respond to you if you are truthful. 195 Do they have feet with which they walk, or do they have hands with which they strike, or do they have eyes with which they see, or do they have ears with which they hear? Say, “Callpl upon your associates, then plot against me and give me no respite. 196 Indeed, my Ultimate Guardian is Allah, Who bestowed the Scripture from on high, and He guards the righteous, 197 while those you call upon apart from Him cannot support you nor can they support themselves.” 198 And if you  call them to guidance, they do not hear. And you see them looking at you, yet they do not see. 199 Take Qa b c



Nafieʻ, Ibn Kathir, Ibn ʻAmer and Abu Jaʻfar read it as: “. . . and We leave them . . .” A grammatical shift from singular to plural. A grammatical shift from present tense to past tense. 116

PART 9. THE SPOILS

SURAH 8- AL-ANFâL

h h h i ûi h ği khû û ih Ġ ih û ii hû űû ɉ AJ˯ ϋ `bDz j ŪȬ ƅ ű Ȫ nj j ů‹ Ǎj űŹȫbʼnųȬ űŹȫŠʆŇ˯ û h h i h i ğh m h ğ ûi h hûhh û hûh l i h h Ģ Ž ĵŲ şjĸĻɁ ĵųȫj? Ůũ ô ĵŹļžȼļŁ‹ ƅźɉ Aźɉĵũ pĹŽ˲ űŹj j ĻįhĻ Ǔğ j ? Ƹź m h h k hk x hû h h qi i ˉp źû Ūj ů ĹƧ Kb cʼnŸbh űû ȲjɅk Kğ ŴjŲ ŋi j ɋĵŕh hķ AŊŠɪ ˏ ȗj Kğ ŴjŲ l û h i h h h i h h l i h û û i h h i ğ i h û k i h û û h iû i h h Ġ i h û i h i Š h i û û i Ȭ Ŧƅ `A űȪ;ŋnj Ȭ űŹ`ź ȫʆŶjŇ˯ űAźɉļŕŵ Aj J˯=bϋÿȔ`bAźDz Ǎj ŋj űũ ŹAȫb šųj ļŪŎĭ J˯ʼnųό ŲİŽ j Ūů‹ů‹ @ hğ q Ġ h h i h h i û h ğ h m h ğ h ğ û ğ i h hi û û h h h û h û h h l i i h h û i h û i ğ h û h Ģ Ļ ŽūĵŲjŏşŧjȫĸĻɁǍĵj ųȫū ǓǴ ɉ AźƧ ɉĵũŋĻĹp Ž˲ űŹj Űj ĻšįůĻ ȕ űȲ j ? Ƹź j ? ŮɅKũ ô ĵŋŹŬļžJ‹ȼļbŁ‹ύƅź`ź h û h k x h h û h h h k i q i û h û i û h k û ğ h i ûm h û h h h h Š h i h k q ğ h h AŊɪIbˏ ȗj ĹKŧžjŴj ˉƅ ƧKbb cjbʼnŸŤbůĭjķűȲ ^j źŪj Ʌů‹K ŴjŲ ŋŋj j ɋŹĵŕ Ơ‹ķ `b ŇŲb p źbh Ūj ů^ĵ j ĹŔ˖‹ h l h i h k h h i h h l i h û ğ h i ğ h û i û h h i h û h k h i i û hi Aźļŕŵ ļŎĭȑ‹Ŧ `A ů‹ @ǻjŋj ũŰjŧŠAʀJů‹˯ ό ŲİĻŽ j ū=j bɅK ÿȔʼnŶjAźŠšųj ŴŽj ƅ `j;? ŋŪώ ŴjŲ `źŴŶjȲ h û i h h i h h i ğ ğ k h i hi û h h h h û i h h û h i û i i û h ğ ûh h h Ġ h hĻ ū ȕq Ǵ ūŅɅKj ĸŏŋȹbŬJ‹ĀjbŷjĻIĵύĸjŠ`ź Ƨŋ`b Ļ űǚj Ȳ jŏÿŧȔȫ bǍÿj ŷŵź Ŵȭ ŭļŰŏšůȹ ăР h h ih qh h h h k iiû û h û `b û hû h ƅbh ^ĵ Ib ĹŧžjŇϏb j Ŕ˖‹b jbʼnŤůĭjķ ^j źŪů‹ ŴjŲ ŋj ŹƠ‹ h h i h h Š ŴŽj h ŰŧŠʀh ûů‹ Ŵjh Ųk ŴȲ h ȑ‹ğ `ğ ? ώ ǻj ƅ ūjɅk Kh ʼnŶj Ļ j j h h h hi k h ii h i h h û h h i û h û h ăР ÿȔi bh ÿŷi ^j ŵźĵŧŵ ŅƁA j ĸŏȹCbKźĀjŎŷjĻIĵ́ĸjŠ Ŵȭ `bǚj ŭļŏȹ ğ ğ ˵ŋɉ‹ ğ jĬ‹ űžj ƈ j ńŋɉ‹ Ϗ  l iğ h ğ i h h h û i h h û h h h i nh û h i h ğ AźŪȩĭŦ ˌj^źŎŋɉ‹b jĬj ^ĵh ŧŵƁ‹i h Ůj ũi ˌj^ĵŧŵƁ‹ Ŵj Š ūŵźŰZŏȹ ^ĵŧŵƁA CKź i Ŏû h ́h h l i û h h h ğ i Śh=bh űû Ȳj h ğ l Aźj šžj i h Ŏi Kh bh Ĭ‹ `j? ÿm Ȕź Ŷğ ɀķ DAJ AźŅj ŰŔ=b Ĭ‹ ð ğ ˵ŋɉ‹ ğ jĬ‹ űžj ń ŋɉ‹ j ğ û h h i ûi hğƈ h û Ġ i i ğ h i iĬ‹ h ŋjŬJ AJj? ŴŽjȑ‹ `źŶjŲİųɉ‹ ĵųȫj? ̂ ǻj ŶŲj İŲ űļŶŬ l q Š i h ğ h û i û h i h ğ h i i Š ğ h h i û h û h h û h û i h i h h h û û i h i i ih h û i h h û h ĵAźŶʅŽ ŹȩIAŎŋɉ‹ L ÿbŷļjĬ ɔAj ;^ĵűŧŵ Źj žƁ‹ ŰŠ Ůĺ ŰĻ ŧŵAJ˯ ũ ŵź ĺŰŰnZŁ Ūȩĭj ?Ŧűˌj^ź Ɓ‹ űŴj ŹŠɅźŰū jŏbȹ j ũ žjˌj^ĵ h h ğ h h l i i i h û i û h h h i ğh h h l h i û û k h h Š h h ğ h h ğ `ź h ğ bh Ĭ‹ i h Ch źŠ Ŏi hŰKŕɉ‹ ĵ`ųjğ j ?Ɋbÿmh Ȕź ųž jŪŽŚ=ŴŽj Aźšžj b ȑ‹ Ŷɀķ `ź DAȣJźļAźȬ ŅjűŰŹj Ŕ Ĭ‹b ðűȲj̃ j ɅK=b ȇ i q û ğ h h h i h û i ğ i h i i h û i û Ģ l h ğ h hi i û û Ġ i Š h i û h i h iû ğ Źi ɉ ô ĵŋjh Ūk Ŭńh Ji `ź ũLŬK űĬ‹ İųȑ‹ɉ‹ ű`ź Ÿ ŶjŲū ŪjŧŶŲj Ž İűŲŹɰűļŶ AJj? ŶjŲŴŽj İųj Ɍʤɉ‹ bĵ=ųȫ̄ j ? ̂`źǻj m q h hh û i û h x h h i i h x h û û h û x h h û û h h h i û h k h û h i i i i f û Š h h h ĵŶųŠ ʅŽ Ŭ j? ̅ Ųbžj ŰĻűAŹj J˯ űŹȩIAűɆLŋj ÿŬŷļŠɔA\;LjKűbŹj žŰCŋŠŧj Ťĺ ŹɅźŠŰũĺĺɕŰŁ j ɅK űʼnŶj j KbIh û q h ih ğ i h k h ğ h û h h ü i ğ h h h Ġ û h k h h h Š h h h û h h û hi û h Ŵhğ Ųj k ĵŪɆ ŋŇb= Ŧ `˯ Ũj ơĭ ūjļɀ`ź ķ ŴȣŲj źļū ĵǻjųjğ ɊŶbŲj h İųCźŠ ɉ‹Űŕɉ‹ `źŋj ųž ȑ‹ j ķ ̃ Ȭ ɅűKŹj j ū ɅK Łȇ jŪŽ ŴŽj h i û h i h i h û h i û h i k i h h Ģ h l h h Š h h i i i h û i i Š h Š û hh hh h ğ kq ǻ h h ğ hȼ`ź Ļ ĵŶjŲŲİʼnųšɉ‹Ȩ űŨj Ÿơ‹ūǍj Ɍj ʤū űĵû ųŹi ȫɉɂŬô ĵŪń b= ŵź̄ɉjʼnɲ LKů `źŽ Ū̆ űŹŸɰŋj ũʃ jŧŶŽ `ź h û û m i h ğ h i i i x h h x û h h x i h i û h h h û i hû k h û h h hf Š i h h hi ɉ‹ ŠǓj? ĺ `ź ũĵŏ ȱʼnűɆjšŽŋj ŬJ˯\̇ ɕ KIȹ ĵĬ‹ ųŬ ű̅ LjKb`bCŋŋŞŶ Ʌj KźųʼnŶj jŧŤŽŲbűŸbűŹj D j h h h m û h û h ğ ğ h h Ġ h û h h Ġğh h h h û h h i Ȯ h `k = q `bh Iźh ğ Ļbh űû k Ȳ h j ŶJŲj İû Ǟ h i ůķ ū DA ĵh Źh j ļȫûɀɁhķ ǻ ǻj ųɉ‹ ŴŲj ĵŪɆŋj Ŧ `˯ Ũj ơĭ Ŵüj Ųj ļŧū ɅK ūcŁʼnŋń Ňj ?= j ɋĵśů‹ j h h û i h i h Š h i i i h h h i û Š ğh h ğ h ğ h Ũjğh Ƙ i û ğ h k ʼnɆ h űû h Ȳ ğih hi û ŋɆi Ǎ Ũ `źŽ Ȳ ʃů ĵųh ơ‹ ȫɂŬ ǻhȼĻ ĵ`Ųh = ʼnh Ĭ‹ šȨ Ũj ơ‹ ŵźɉjůʼnɲ ̆Ļ `źjĹŬŸŋjźŒɉ‹ j bj ū û h h i i h i i i i h û i ğ űi ȱ Ĭ‹ ʼnjšŽ J˯ ̇ `bŋi ŞŶhŽ űû Ÿbh D j źû ųh ɉ‹ Ǔj? `źũĵŏh ȹ  h hû h ğ h h Ġhhh û i h hğh ûhh m ğ h û DA Ȯ `= `bIźĻb űȲů ĵŹȫɁ ǻ j J Ǟ j ļŧjɋĵśů‹ cʼnńj? h iğ i ih û i h i i h h û ğ ğŨơ‹ h û Ũjğ Ƙi `= Ĭ‹ ʼnɆjŋɆb űȲů `źȲĻ jĹŬźŒɉ‹

the course of pardoning, and command to benevolence, and disregard ignorant harassers. 200 And if yousg are ever spurred by a spurring from Satan, then seek refuge with Allah; indeed, He is All-Hearing, All-Knowing. 201 Indeed, those who are mindful (of God) —when an impulse from Satan touches them, they remind themselves and immediately see (the truth). 202 But their brethren lead them relentlessly into delusion, and they never stop short. 203 If you do not bring them a sign, they say, “Why don’t you improvise one.” Say, “I only follow what is revealed to me from my Lord.” This (Scripture) is insights from your Lord, and guidance and mercy for people who believe. 204 Thus when the Recitala is recited, then listenpl to it and pay attention, that you may receive mercy. 205 And remember yoursg Lord within yourself in supplication and in fear, and without being loud of voice, in the mornings and before sunset; and do not be of the oblivious. 206 Indeed, those who are in the presence of your Lord are not too arrogant to worship Him, and they exalt Him, and to Him they prostrate themselves.

8� The Spoils In the name of Allah, the All-Merciful, the Bestower of mercy They ask yousg about the spoils (of war). Say, “The spoils are for Allah and the Messenger, so be pl mindful of Allah and reconcile between yourselves and obey Allah and His Messenger, if you are believers.” 2 Surely, the believers are but those whose hearts tremble when Allah is mentioned, and when His signsb are read to them they increase them in faith, and in their Lord they place their trust— 3 the ones who establish the prayer and from what We have provided them they spend. 4 Those are truly the believers; for them are degrees (of rank) with their Lord and forgiveness and noble provision. 5 Just as when yoursg Lord brought you out of your house with the truthc, while a group of believers were definitely reluctant, 6 arguing with you about the truth after it became evident, as if they were 1

The Arabic word used is Qur’an which literally means ‘recital’ or ‘recitation’. The Arabic word used is ayat (singular ayah). Ayah means ‘sign’  or ‘proof’. It is also used to denote the unit of text in the Qur’an, like ‘verse’ in poetry or ‘sentence’ in prose. Each such unit is considered a ‘sign’ from God.  c According to Ibn ʻAshour and other exegetes, ‘with the truth’ means ‘for a purpose’. a

b

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h û h h h h ûhh h h ŋjŧŠʃ h û Ũğ Ņ i j ̈ ŴɆ Ũğ ơ‹ ů‹ ŋjķAI şśŪɆb ĀjŷjļŠʅjh ŰȲjķ j Ȏ j h û h h i û ųi û ɉ‹ haŋŬh źû h ɉbh Ůh śŠɭh ûů‹ Ůh śĸû Ɇi bh `źĿžjŤļh ŏû ȶ Jj? ̉ `źɊi jŋł j j j h h û k h h i i i ğh h ļh Ŏĭ û Ŧ űû Ȳ h ł Ŵjh Ųk ťp ůɂjķ űȱʼnĠ ųj Ɋi ƭj Ɂ űû Ȳů Bĵ ɅK ğ h Ģh hû h ȯjIŋû Ɋi jĹŭ i ğ ŷi hŰšh Łh ĵŲh bh ̊ ǻj h û i ȵ ƅ? Ĭ‹ Š Ǭ c j j Ɍˁųɉ‹ ğ i ğ ğ i i i i û ğȍ‹ ĵŲh bh űô û Ȳ ɅźŰũ Ājŷjķ Ŵğ j Ɍųh śû h jȋbh `j? jôĬ‹ ʼnj ŶjŠ Ŵjû Ų ƅj? Dz q h h hĠ i i k hi û hğ f ŭńh ŌɆ f ŌŠh Ĭ‹ ŷi Ŷjû Ųk ĹŶh Ųh = Mĵ šȍ‹ űȲžŒ j ŤȬ Jj? ̋ űžj j i ûh h ikhih ğ Ŵjh Ųk űȲ h ŸŊû Ɇi bh Ājŷķ űȡi ŋh Źk śh iȎj k ;q m ĵŲh j;mĵųh ŏɉ‹ Ķj žŰŠ ^ǣ j j j Ɇb h i i Š h h ûh h i h ĸk hȾɆi bh űû Ȳ hû ğ h û û i h ĺ j j ɅźŰũ ȇ řjɅǞj ůb Ŵj ŠɽžŒɉ‹ ŌŁjK űȲŶŠ ûh û i h h k h h Ģh hû h h Ġ h j i û h h ûűȲ šŲ ƭj Ɂ jĹŭjɌˁųɉ‹ Ǔj? ūɅK ƸźŽ Jj? ̌ _AʼnũƁ‹ jŷjķ ûi h l ih h h ğ l ikhh l i hh h ğ ii Ű ũ Ǎ ǐ ů Abŋŧȱ ŴŽjȑ‹ Bź j j ɂŎ Aźô ŶŲA; ŴŽjȑ‹ AźļjȼĿȯ j l ği û iû û h hûhû hûh l i û h h û Ġ h Ȩh ȁ i ǰ‹ `ĵ Ŷ ű Ź Ŷj Ų Aź Ʌ j ŶȭƁ‹ \źŦ AźɅǰĭ p j b \ĵ j Ŧ ĶŠŋɉ‹ h l Ġ h û i ğ h h Šh h ğ AźũĮ h ğ Ũj ũĵŒh i ȹ ŴŲh bh ÿô Ȕź i Ŏi Kh bh Ĭ‹ ő űŹȫɂjķ ūj ɉə ̍ Ĭ‹ j û h i h i h h i Š i hğ ğ h ih i h h i ũbŊŦ űû Ȳj aź ůə ̎ Bĵ j Ūšj ů‹ ʼnŽjʼnő Ĭ‹ `jıŦ ÿȔźŎKb h h h û ğ hh h l h Ŋh Šh ŴɆ ğ BA h ŋjŧŠʃ h ȑ‹ğ ĵŹh ȬĠ ɂʑ Ģ ̏ jKĵȍ‹ Űj ɉ `=b AJj? Aźm Ŷi ŲAh ;h ŴŽj j h û ğ l Ġ h i hi h qû h i h h h i Ūhů h hķIû Ɓ‹ űi Ÿź ŴŲh bh ̐ Kĵ ůźĻ ƆŦ ĵŧńL Abŋŧȱ ŴŽjȑ‹ űi ļž j h ğ h k k q h e k h h i û ļh jŪjů ĵŦŋk Ņh ļh Ųi ƅ? ÿm iaŋh iķIi ŊɌŲh źû hŽ űû Źjɉźh iŽ pĹĴj Ŧ ǓŠ j ? AǤj ŅļŲ b= ^ĵ pj j j g j û û m û h ğ h i ŕj ųh ɉ‹ ōh ȻɅbh ðűi Ŷğ Źh Łh ŷi Š Ɗbh įŲh bh jĬ‹ Ŵjh Ųk ĶŘŤķ ;h ĵhķ ʼnû Ūh ȯh Ǟ j j p û h û h h h h û i h h h h ğ ğ Šh h û i i i û h û h h Jj? ĺžŲK ĵŲb űô ŹŰļȰ Ĭ‹ ŴȲ j ɧb űŸźŰļŪȩ űŰŦ ̑ me h h i û h û i û h h ûhh h ğ Ŵğ Ȳ Š h Kh Ĭ‹ h j ĸû iȎj bh Ǖ žŲK ;Ɔķ ŷŶjŲ ǻj ŶŲj İųɉ‹ ǔ j Š ɧbh ĺ h h ğ ğ i Š h ğ `? ô ĵŶe ŏh ńh h ğ ‹ `=bh űû Ȳj x ŰŠh şž f ųj Ŏh Ĭ‹ Ŵji ŸźɊi Ĭ ůə ̒ űžj j û l m h h h û h h i û û h h û i h ŋjŧŠʃûů‹ ʼnj žû Ŭh ðŃi ļŧů‹ űi ȱ;h ĵŁ ʼnŪȯ AźŅjļŧļŏȶ `j? ̓ ŴɆ j l ğ h h û h h i h i i û û h hĻ `˯ i i x i û h h h j Ťȩ Ŵůb ʼnšȫ AbIźšȩ `˯ ðűȲů ǞŇ źŹȯ l AźŹi ļȿ ƴ û hi h ûh h qû h û i ih û i h h ŶŲj İû ųi û ɉ‹ şh Ųh Ĭ h ğ ‹ `ğ h=bh D ǻj ǜŬ źɉb ĵnZžő űȲļĴj Ŧ űȲŶŠ lû ğ hh h h ih i h h hğ l i h lm i h h h ğ h Ġh h Ģ ̔ AźůźĻ ƅb ÿȔźŎKb Ĭ‹ AźšžjŚ= AźŶŲA; ŴŽjȑ‹ ĵŹȬɂʑ h l i h h ğ h l i i h hh h i h iûh h Aźɉĵũ ŴŽjȑĭŬ AźŵźȲĻ ƅb ̕ `źši ųh ŏû ȶ űû ļŵ =b ŷŶȭ

being driven to death while they looked on. 7 And recall: Allah promising you pl one of the two factions—that it would be yours, and you wishing that the unarmed group be yours. Yet Allah wants to uphold the truth with His words and to uproot the deniers 8 in order to uphold the truth and nullify falsehood, even if the criminals dislike it. 9 Recall: you pl crying for help from your Lord, so He responded to you, “I am surely reinforcing you with one thousand angels in successiona.” 10 And Allah only made it as a glad tiding, and so that your hearts should become serene thereby, for supportb is only from Allah; indeed, Allah is Almighty, All-Wise. Recall: (Allah) covering you pl tightly with 11 drowsinessc, as security from Him, and bestowing upond you water from the sky to purify you with it and to remove from you Satan’s distress and to fortify your hearts and to strengthen your foothold. Recall: your sg Lord revealing to the angels, 12 “Surely, I am with youpl, so support those who have attained faith. I will cast terror into the hearts of those who have denied, so strike above the necks and strike off every fingertip of theirs.” 13 That is because they opposed Allah and His Messenger, and whoever opposes Allah and His Messenger— then indeed Allah is stern in retribution. 14 “There it is, so tastepl it.” And (know) that for the deniers is the punishment of the Fire. 15 O you who have attained faith, when you encounter those who have denied on the march, never turn your backs to them. For whoever turns his back to them on that day, 16 except while maneuvering for combat or to side with another battalion, then he has surely incurred wrath from Allah, and his shelter is Hell—and what a miserable destiny! 17 For it was not youpl who killed them, but it was Allah who killed them. And yousg threw not when you threw, but it was Allah who threw, and so that He might test the believers with a goodly test (of victory) from Him; indeed, Allah is All-Hearing, All-Knowing. 18 Such is the case. And surely, Allah will weaken the plot of the deniers. 19 “If youpl desire a conquest, then the conquest has come to youe; and if you desist, it





Nafieʻ, Abu Jaʻfar and Yaʻqub read it as: “. . . one thousand angels succeeding one another.” The Arabic word used for support is nasr which also means ‘victory’. Qc Ibn Kathir and Abu ʻAmr read it as: “Recall: drowsiness covering you, and Him bestowing upon . . .” Nafieʻ and Abu Jaʻfar read it as: “Recall: (Allah) covering youpl with drowsiness . . .” Qd Ibn Kathir, Abu ʻAmr and Yaʻqub read it as: “. . . and sending down to you water from the sky . . .” e This is said in sarcasm to the deniers, as they were defeated in the battle of Badr. Qa b

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h ih ûh h û ih hû h ğ h k m Abh Ȑ‹ ğ Ǩ ğ h `ğ ?ø ̖ `ź Šj B šųŏȹ ƅ űŸb ĵŶšųj Ŏ jĬ‹ ʼnŶ j j h h i h û iû Ġ Ġ i ğ űjh ŰŠh źû ɉbh ̗ `ź h ȑ‹ğ űi Ȳ űû Źj žjȯ Ĭ‹ ŰjŪšû Ȭh ƅ ŴŽj Ȋ‹ űŕɉ‹ h i û Ġ i ğ l ğhhh û i h h û h ûh h û i h h ûh ğ qû h ̘ `źŗŋj šŲ űŸb Aźůźȋ űŹšųŎ= źɉb ðűŹšųŎƁ ˊǞŇ h h h h i û l AźŶi ŲAh ;h ŴŽj i ğ h ğ l i ļh Ŏ‹ h ȑ‹ğ ĵŹh ȬĠ ɂʑ Ģ űû ȱȕh I AJj? ^ź j ŎŋŰj ɉb jĬj Aźĸžł j û h ûh i ih hğ ğ h lm i h û h û i ûi h ûh ĀjŷjĸŰũbh j;ŋû ųh ɉ‹ ǻ Ȩ ^źƘ Ĭ‹ `= AźųŰŠ‹b ðűȲžjžƘ ĵųj ɉ ğ ğ h i h ûi ûh m iğhh ğ h ŕiĻ ƅ Ĺq Ŷh ļjû Ŧ l AźŪi ȩ‹ğ bh ̙ `b h ȑ‹ Ƿž ŴŽj Ǭƕ jŷȎj? ÿŷŵɁb j h l ih h h û i h hğ ğ lm i h û h q ğ m h û i Bĵ j Ūjšů‹ ʼnŽjʼnő Ĭ‹ `= AźųŰŠ‹b ð ĹŔĵŇ űȲŶjŲ AźųŰŝ hû x h i h û lm i i û h h i û j Ɓ‹ Ǎj `źŧšh Řļh ŏû ŲĠ Ůžj Űũ űû ļŵ P˱ = Jj? AbŋŬJ‹b ̚ h h i h ğ h û i Š h nh i h ğ h hh h h i hh i ğ i űȱʼnŽɁb űȲƊbĵZŦ Mĵȍ‹ űȲŧśňļȬ `= `źŦĵƛ h i ûh i ğ h Šh k ğ h k i hh h h û h ̛ `bŋi ŭŒȶ űû ȲŰšh ů ĺ j ɭjžśů‹ ŴjŲ űȲũLKb Āj aDz j Ŷjķ lmi ih h h i ğ h hğ l i ih h l i h h h ğ h Ġh h Ģ Aźŵźƛb ^źŎŋɉ‹b Ĭ‹ Aźŵźƛ ƅ AźŶŲA; ŴŽjȑ‹ ĵŹȬɂʑ h h h i hh û i ŠhŠhh i i h m ğh l h û űû ȲůŠʆh Ųû = ĵųh ȫɁ Aźm ųi ŰŠ‹bh ̜ `źųi Űšû ȩ űû ļŵ =b űȲjļɰɨ= h h h x ğ h i i Šh û h h h Š Ĭ‹ h ğ `=bh ĹŶh ļjû Ŧ űû ȱ x Şj Šh ŋf Łû = ÿm iaʼnŶj Ģ ̝ űž ĵŹh ȬĠ ɂʑ ʼnɧb=b l k h q h i i ğ ûh hğ l iğh h ȑ‹ğ AźŪļȩ `j? Aźm Ŷi ŲAh ;h ŴŽj ŋû ŧj ȲɆi bh ĵȫĵũŋû Ŧ űû Ȳů Ůšh ƒ Ĭ‹ û hû i iğ h û i h û ûhh û i hk h û i h Ůj Řŧů‹ bJ Ĭ‹ b ñűȲů ŋŧj ŤɆb űȲj ĻĵnZj žŎ űȲŶŠ hû h i û l h h h ii ûh û hû h ȑ‹ğ ū b= ]źļjĸȾȎi j Abŋi ŧȱ ŴŽj j Şj šů‹ j ķ ŋŭųȬ J˯ ̞ űž i ûhh h i i ûhh h i ûi ûh h iiûh i û Ňh Ĭ‹ i ğ bh ðĬ‹ i ğ ŋi ŭ Ǟ ųɆb `bŋŭųɆb ô]źŁŋj ƞ b= ]źŰļŪȬ l h hh h i h h i h h h ŋjŭŠʅh ûů‹ źû ɉ ĵŶh šû ųj Ŏh ʼnû ũ Aźɉĵũ ĵŶh ļi Š ɔA;h űû Źj žû ŰŠ ǔŠ ļû ȩ AJ˯ ̟ ŴɆ h û i h h m ğ m h h û m h h h û h û i hj m h h h ğ Š = ƅj? AŊŠɪ `j? AŊŠɪ ŮĿjŲ ĵŶŰŪů ;i ĵŒȸ ̠ ǻj ůbƁ‹ Ǟśj ɜ hh h ğ l i h û h û źh Ÿi AŊh Šɪh `h ǽh `j? űğ Źi Űɉ‹ Aźɉĵũ J˯ ŋû śj Ųû įŦ ]j ʼnŶjŠ Ŵjû Ų Ũğ ơ‹ h h hh m h ğ h k qh h h h h û ĵŲh bh ̡ ˈp Ȏj = BA ŴjŲ CKĵłjń ĵŶh žû ŰŠ g Ŋšjķ ĵŶjȽij‹ jb= ;j ĵųŏɉ‹ k h h=bh űû Źi Ȩjh Ŋk šh iȎj Ĭ i ğ `h ǽh ĵŲh bh űû Źžjȯ ĺŵ i ğ ‹ `h ǽh űû Źi Ȩjh Ŋšh Ųi Ĭ‹ ô j û h i iğ i i h k h i ğh û ih h h i űû Ÿbh Ĭ‹ űŹȨjŊšȬ ƅɁ űŹɉ ĵŲb ̢ `bŋi ŧj Ťļh ŏû h ȹ űû Ÿbh m h l i h û h h Ġ i h û hû h û ʼnj ł `j? ÿm ô ia;h ĵȎh j bû = Aźm ŵǽ ĵŲh bh _Aj ŋh ơ‹ j ŏųɉ‹ Ŵj Š `bʼn஠h i h h û h ğ Šh h h i ğ i û ğ m i i m h û h h h ̣ `źųi Űšû Ȭh ƅ űû Ÿǜ ȱ= ŴȲ j ɧb `źŪļųɉ‹ ƅj? ÿa>ĵȎj b=

would be better for you. But if you return, We will return; and your battalion, however numerous, will not avail you in anything. And (know) thata Allah is with the believers.” 20 O you who have attained faith, obey Allah and His Messenger and do not turn away from him while you hear. 21 And be not like those who said, “We have heard,” but they hear not. 22 Indeed, the worst of the treading creatures to Allah are the deaf and dumb—those who do not reason. 23 And had Allah known any good in them, He would have made them hear. And had He made them hear, they would have turned away in disregard. 24 O you who have attained faith, respond to Allah and to the Messenger when He calls you to that which revives you, and know that Allah stands between a person and his heart, and that to Him you are herded. 25 And protect yourselves against a trial which does not befall exclusively those who did injustice among you, and know that Allah is stern in retribution. 26 And call to mind when you were few, (and) deemed weak and oppressed in the land, fearing that people may capture you, but He sheltered you and aided you with His supportb and provided you with good things, that you may give thanks. 27 O you who have attained faith, do not betray Allah and the Messenger, nor betray your trusts while you know. And know that your possessions and your 28 children are but a means of trial, and that Allah possesses a great reward. 29 O you who have attained faith, if you become mindful of Allah, He will give you a criterion and will remit your evil deeds for you and will forgive you. For Allah is the Possessor of great grace. 30 And recall: the deniers scheming against yousg to imprison you or kill you or evict you. And they scheme and Allah schemes, but Allah is the best of schemers. 31 And when Our signsc are read to them, they say, “We have surely heard. Had we willed, we could have said the like of this; this is nothing but legends of the ancients.” And recall when they said, “Our God, if this is 32 the truth from You, then rain down upon us stones from the sky or bring us a painful punishment.” 33 But never would Allah punish them while yousg are amongst them. And never was Allah to punish them



All except Hafs, Nafieʻ, Ibn ʻAmer and Abu Jaʻfar read it as: “For indeed Allah is with . . .” The Arabic word used for support is nasr which also means ‘victory’. c The Arabic word used is ayat (singular ayah). Ayah means ‘sign’ or ‘proof’. It is also used to denote the unit of text in the Qur’an, like ‘verse’ in poetry or ‘sentence’ in prose. Each such unit is considered a ‘sign’ from God. Qa b

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l i i h qh û h h qm h i ğ ûhû h û i i h h h h h h AźũbŊŦ ô ĹŽjʼnŕĻb ;ǾŲ ƅj? ĺ j žȊ‹ ʼnŶjŠ űŹȩƆŔ `ǽ ĵŲb ğ l i hh h i iû h ûi i h h h hû h ȑ‹ `ğ ? ̤ `b ŋŧȲĻ űļŶŬ ĵųjķ BAŊšů‹ Abŋŧȱ ŴŽj j h h i i iğ h h i i h h ğ h ŴŠh l AbʼnĠ ŕi Ȏ h j űû Źi h ɉŠʆh Ųû = `ź űȪ ĵŹȫźŪjŧŶɀŏŦ jôĬ‹ Ůž ȼ Ŏ ŪjŧŶŽ j j hŠ l m i h h h ğ h h i h û i ğ i q h û h û û h h i i h Ǔj? Abŋŧȱ ŴŽjȑ‹b ñ`źĸŰŤȬ űȪ CǪń űŹj žŰŠ `źȲĻ h i h ûi hğh h k ğ h h hû i ğ h h Ķ j j žśů‹ ŴjŲ ĽžjĸƢ‹ Ĭ‹ Ǥųj Ȏj ̥ `bǬƘ űŶŹŁ h hû h h û h h q Ʀh ÿŷi ųh Ŭi Ǟ û h ȯh Ŗšû Ȩh ȇ Š h h ÿŷi Řh šû Ȩh Ľž ĵšžj p j ĸƢ‹ ŮšłɆb i hh û h i h i Šh û i i h Ģhl h ğ h h Ůũ ̦ `bǪ j ɴů‹ űŸ ūjɌʤb= űô ŶŹŁ Ǎj ÿŷi Űšłžh ȯ l h h h ğk h hû l h h h hh `˯ ťŰŎh ʼnû ũ ĵŲğ űŹi ɉ ŋû ŧŤȬi AźŹi ļȿ Ž `j? Abm ŋi ŧȱ ŴŽj ȓj ů h û h ğ h û i i h h l h i ih h ůbğ Ɓ‹ ĺ û Řh Ɋh ʼnû Ūh ȯ AbIź i Ŷğ Ŏi ĺ Š ń űŸźŰjļŠɥb ̧ ǻj ƅƲ šȬ h ğ iĠi i k h i hh x hû h i h ğ h lû hh `jıŦ AźŹļŵ‹ `j j ıŦ jôĬj ÿŷǿ ŴŽjȐ‹ `źȲɆb ĹŶļj Ŧ `źȲĻ h i û h lûğhh h ğ `ğ h= l Aźm ųi hŰŠĭ hğ Ĭ‹ Ŧ AźůźĻ `˯ ̨ xǞŕj hķ `źŰųh šû Ȭh ĵųh j ķ Ĭ‹ ğh l h û h i hûh i ŕj ğȍ‹ űh šjû ŵbh ȠŠ h źû ųh û ɉ‹ űh šjû ŵ űû Ȳ ĵųh ȫɁ Aźm ųi ŰŠ‹bø ̩Ǟ ô Š ƋůźɊ h i i jĬğ j `ğ hįhŦ ;ƾ k i h i ŋŰj ğ ɉbh ÿŷi ŏh ƨ djȑj bh ^ź Ŏ p û ŴjŲ űļųjû Ŷţ j h hû h Š h Šh hû h Šh û iû i Ŭi `? Ůžȼŏɉ‹ ğ Ŵûķ‹bh ǻjŭɹ ɮȎ‹b ȗŋŪů‹ űû ļŶ j j j j Š ųɉ‹b ǖ j h h û û m hû i hûh h ûh Š h h h hh ğ i ŲAh ;h _h źû hŽ `ĵ ĵȍŌŵ= ĵŲb jĬĭjķ űļŶ j ũŋŧů‹ _źŽ ĵŵjʼnĸȭ ȇ k i Šh h i ğ h h û h û ǐh hȋ‹û iűļŵh= Jû ? ̪ ŋŽj f ʼnhũ p;ƾ û h ȁ Ĭ‹b ˍ`ĵ j j šųƠ‹ j ȇ h h h i û ğ h Š h û iû h û iû ûĠ h ûiû i j Cbʼnšůĭjķ ŮŧŎû = Ķ Ŭŋɉ‹b cźŕŪů‹ j Cbʼnšůĭjķ űŸbh ĵžh ȫȐ‹ h û h Ġ h h h h i iûhhû ŴȲ j Š ɧbh ʼnj Š ɿžųj ɉ‹ Ǎj űû ļŧŰļŇ˔ űû ȩʼnŠAźh Ļ źû ɉbh űô û ȲŶjŲ h iğ h h hh h k q û h h h j Ūû hȎj k Ŵü ȭ ūŰŸ Ŵû Ųh ūj ŰŹû hȎj ƅźši ŧŲh `ǽ ˊŋq Ɋû = Ĭ‹ DŽ ğ û Ɇh bh ĹŶh kɀhķ k h ğ h Ŵû Ųh Ƶ h ğ ‹ `˯ f ųj ŏh h ɉ Ĭ f ŰŠh şž ŠhŅ ̫ űžj ˍĹp Ŷh j ɀhķ Ŵü ȭ Ƹ p j h q h h h ğ h h h h h q j ĿŬ űû Źi ȲŠƊKh = źû ɉbh ð Ɔžj Űũ ūjɊĵŶŲ Ǎ Ĭ‹ i űi Źi ȲɆŋiŽ Jû ? ˊǞ j j j h û h û ğ h ğ û i hğ iû h h ğ Ŵğ Ȳ ÿŷi ŵj? űô h ŰŎh Ĭ‹ j Š ɧbh ŋj ɊƁ‹ Ǎj űû ļȭŌh Šɰhȋbh űû ļŰ jŒŧů û h i i i Ġ DAŊh ķ ü űžj m j űû ļi žû Ūh hȋ‹û jJj? űû Ÿź ųȲɆŋj iŽ J˯ ̬ jKbʼni ŕɉ‹ Ǎ j j i ŰŠ h iğ h û i ik hih q h û i iû h m j űȲŰj ŰŪɆb Ɔžj Űũ űȲj Ŷžȭ= h j Ūû hȎj űû Źj j Ŷži ȭû = Ǎ ˊŋq Ɋû = Ĭ‹ DŽ h h q i ûh h h h i Ɋi iƁ‹û şi Łh ŋû iĻ jĬğ ‹ Ǔ˯ h ȑ‹ğ ĵŹh ȬĠ ɂʑ Ģ ̭ Kź ŴŽj ñ ƅźšŧŲ `ǽ

as long as they seek forgiveness. 34 Yet why should Allah not punish them when they bar others from the Inviolable Mosque, though they are not its guardians? Rather its guardians are none except the mindful (of God), but most of them do not know. 35 And their prayer at the House was nothing but whistling and clapping—so tastepl the punishment for what youa used to deny. 36 Indeed, those who have denied spend their wealths to bar (others) from the way of Allah. So they will spend it, then it will become a source of sorrow for them and then they will be overcome. And those who have denied are herded to Hell. 37 That Allah may distinguish the nasty from the good, and heap the nasty (things) on top of one another and pile them together and set it up in Hell; those are the losers. 38 Tellsg those who have denied that if they desist, they will be forgiven whatever has already passed. But if they return— then the rule of (God regarding) the ancients is already established. 39 And combatpl them until there is no more religious persecution and religion is all for Allah. But if they desist—then Allah is All-Seeing of what theyb do. 40 And if they turn away, then knowpl that Allah is your Patron; what an excellent Patron and what an excellent Supporter! 41 And know that whatever you have gained (as spoils of war) —to Allah belongs its fifth and to the messenger and to the relative and the orphans and the destitutepl and to the traveler in need, provided you have (truly) attained faith in Allah and in what Wec have sent down upon Our servant on the Day of Distinction, the day when the two armies met. For Allah is AllPowerful over everything. 42 Recall: you on the nearer bank and they on the further bank and the caravan below you. And had you planned for this meeting, you would indeed have differed over the promised appointment, but Allah was to carry out a predetermined matter—so that those who perish would perish after seeing evident proof, and those who survive would survive after seeing evident proof. And most surely, Allah is All-Hearing, AllKnowing. 43 Recall: Allah showing them to yousg in your sleep as few, for had He showed them to you as many, youpl would have faltered and disagreed with each other about the matter, but Allah saved a Qb c



A grammatical shift from 3rd person to 2nd person. Roways read it as: “. . . All-Seeing of what youpl do.” A grammatical shift from 3rd person to 1st person. 120

PART 10. THE SPOILS

SURAH 8- AL-ANFâL

û h l iiû h qh û i h h lm i h h q j ĿŬh Ĭ‹ h ğ l Abŋi Ŭi J‹ ˊǞ b AźļȼľĭŦ ĹĴj Ŧ űļžjŪů AJj? AźŶŲA; l i h hh h h ih i h h hğ l i hh ûi i ğ ğ h AźŠŌŠɰĻ ƅb ÿȔźŎKb Ĭ‹ AźšžjŚ=b ̮ `źŅji Űŧȩ űû ȲŰšh ů û h û i i h ğ `ğ ? l Abmô ǚ h h ûhh l i h ûhh i Ŕ‹ şh Ųh Ĭ‹ j j b ðűȲŅɆjK ĶŸŊĻb AźŰŒŧļȯ l ğ h h h ğ h l i i h hh h ǚŠɻů‹ űjŸŋj Š ɔjI ŴjŲ AźŁi ŋh Ň ŴŽ ȑĭ j Ŭ AźŵźȲĻ ƅb ̯ ŴɆ jj h Ġ i hh ğ h ŴŠh `b i ğ bh jĬ‹ ğ ;h m ĵh ijKbh ˊŋq śh Ȩh j ĵųh j ķ Ĭ‹ ȼ Ŏ ʼn ŕ Ɇ b Mĵ ȍ‹ ô Ůž j j j h h h û i hŠh û h i Š h û ğ i ih h ğh û i h ihûh x ^ĵũb űŹŰʅŠ= ŴɽžŒɉ‹ űŹɉ ŴɆL J˯ ̰ řžjƤ `źŰųšȬ hh i ğ x h k i h h h h h û űi Ȳ j ğȍ‹ Ŵjh Ų _h źû Ȏ‹ ĵųğ ŰŦ ðűû Ȳů Kĵ Ł ƭ˯ ů Ķj ůȖ ƅ j Mĵ h k h m h h h hh û x;d m ŋhķ ƭ? ^ĵhũbh jŷžû ĸh jŪŠh ȇ Š h œh Ȳ ŵ `ĵ j ;h Aŋh Ļ j j j ļĴjŧů‹ D j i h h mk h û hh h h Š hh mk û i k iʼnŽjʼnőh Ĭ‹ h ğ [ĵ i ğ bh Ĭ‹ Ň= ƭj j ? `bŋĻ ƅ ĵŲ cK= ƭj j ? űȲŶjŲ ô ii h û h i Šh iû i i h û f hğ h ȑ‹ğ bh `ź PŋŲ űŹj j ɅźŰũ Ǎj ŴŽj Ūŧj ɰųɉ‹ ^źŪȬ Jj? ̱ Bĵ j Ūjšů‹ ğ hh ûğhhh hh û ii jm hi Ģh ğh h ğ `ğ ıhŦ jĬ‹ f ŌŠh Ĭ‹ ȇ ȤźļȬ ŴŲb ñűŹŶŽjI ;ƅİʧ ŋţ ŌɆ j j hi Ģ h h û l i h h h ğ ğ h h h û Ģ h h û h h x ŭńh ĹŭjɌˁųɉ‹ Abŋŧȱ ŴŽjȑ‹ ȝźļȬ Jj? cŋĻ źɉb ̲ űžj h i i h i û h h Ŋh Šh l AźiũbJi bh űû Ÿi ŋh Š ɐh Iû h=bh űû Źi Ÿź h û BA ̳ ŨɆ Łb `źɅǴ ŋ ơ‹ j Ž j j h h ûk ğ h h hğ ğ h û i û Ųh ʼnğ hũ ĵųh ķ ūjh ɉŠəh `=b űȲŽʼnj ûŽɁ ĺ ʼnj žjĸšh Űj ů ˈp Š ʄŞjķ ōh ûɀů Ĭ‹ j ûh h ğ h h ûh û l ihh û ûh h h Abŋŧȱ űô Źj j ŰĸȰ ŴjŲ ŴŽjȑ‹b `źŠŋj Ŧ ^A j ; B j =ʼnŬ ̴ h h i h h x ğ h i ʼnőh dk źũ Ĭ‹ h ğ `ğ ? űû ŹɅźiŵŊķ Ĭ‹ i ğ űi Ÿi ŊŇh įŦ jĬ‹ ʼnŽj ĺ j Š ɔ˲ j ô jj j j û h e k q k h i i h û h h ğ ğ h h Šh h û ĵŹh ųh šh ȫɁ Ĺųh šjû ȫ ˊǞ j ŤŲ ūŽ űɉ Ĭ‹ `įjķ ūj ɉə ̵ Bĵ j Ūjšů‹ i h h l i k h i Š ğ h û h Šh h h ğ `ğ h=bh űû Ź jŏŧŵ x ŰŠh şž f ųj Ŏh Ĭ‹ įjķ ĵŲ AbǞj ŤȬ Ʋń ˉg źũ ȇ űžj j ûh h ğ h h ûh û l h ğ h h û i û h h Š ĺ j ɔ˲ AźķŊŬ űô Źj j ŰĸȰ ŴjŲ ŴŽjȑ‹b `źŠŋj Ŧ ^A j ;B j =ʼnŬ ̶ xk i h h û h û h h m h û h û h h û i i û h û h ŭŰŸhįhŦ űû ŹɅk Kh i Š ź Š ŋj Ŧ ^A Ȥb ` ; ĵ Ŷ Ȱ ŋ ţ = ɰ b ű Ź Ʌź ŵ Ŋ ķ ű Ź ô jj jj j ğ l m ğ h ğ h h h k ğ h ȑ‹ jĬ‹ ʼnŶjŠ BAbh Ȑ‹ Ǩ ğ `? ̷ ǻųj j ۊɡ Aźiŵǽh ŴŽj j j ğ i h h h û h h l hh ğ űğ Ȫ űû Źi Ŷjû Ų DʼnŹh Š ɢ ŴŽj ȑ‹ ̸ `źŶji ŲİiŽ ƅ űû Źi ȯ Abŋi ŧȱ h i ki h h i û i h û h h i i h ĵŲğ j ıŦ ̹ `źŪļğ Ȭh ƅ űû Ÿbh p ˅ŋğ Ɋh ȁ j Ǎj űŸʼnŹȭ `źŘŪŶŽ ğ h hû h û k h h û iğhhûh û hû űû Źi Űšh ů űû Źi ŧŰŇ Ŵû Ųğ űŹj j ķ IǬ j ŋơ‹ Ǎj űŹŶŧŪĿȩ j Ŧ B h û h qh h h hh ğ h ğ ğ űû Źj ûȎj? Ŋjĸ˩ĭŦ Ĺŵĵžjh Ň ˉg źû ũ ŴjŲ Ŵğ ȯĵƛ ĵŲ˯ ̺ `bŋi ŬŊhŽ

He is indeed All-Knowing of what lies within the chests. 44 And recall: when youpl met, Him showing them to you as few in your eyes and making you appear fewer in their eyes, so that Allah might carry out a predetermined matter. And to Allah all matters are returneda. 45 O you who have attained faith, when you encounter a battalion, then stand firm and remember Allah much, that you may be successful. 46 And obey Allah and His Messenger, and do not disagree with each other lest you falter and your strength depart. And be patient. Indeed, Allah is with the patient pl. 47 And do not be like those who set out of their homes out of boastfulness and for show in front of the people while barring others from the way of Allah, whereas Allah is AllEncompassing of what they do. 48 And recall how Satan adorned their deeds for them and said, “Today, none of mankind shall overcome you, and I am surely at your side.” But when the two battalions came within sight of one another, he turned on his heels and said, “I am innocent of you; I see what you do not see; I do fear Allah, and Allah is stern in punishment.” 49 Recall: the hypocrites and those in whose hearts is sickness saying, “These people’s religion has deceived them.” But whoever places his trust in Allah—then indeed, Allah is Almighty, All-Wise. 50 And if only yousg could see as those who denied are taken at death by the angelsb, striking their faces and their backs and (saying), “Taste the punishment of burning; 51 that is because of what your hands have put forth and because Allah is not a tyrant unto the servants.” 52 Such was the case with Pharaoh’s folk and those before them. They denied the signs of Allah, so Allah seized them for their misdeeds. Indeed, Allah is All-Powerful, Stern in retribution. 53 That is because Allah would never change a blessing He has bestowed upon any people unless they changed what is within themselves, and because Allah is All-Hearing, All-Knowing. 54 Such was the case with Pharaoh’s folk and those before them. They rejected the signs of their Lord, so We annihilated them for their misdeeds, and We drowned Pharaoh’s  unjust. Indeed, the worst of the folk—for all were 55 treading creatures before Allah are those who have denied, as they will never believe: 56 those of them (the situation).

Qa Qb



Ibn ʻAmer, Hamza, Al-Kesa’i, Yaʻqub and Khalaf read it as: “And to Allah all matters return.” Ibn ʻAmer read it as: “. . . as the angels take those who denied at death . . .” 121

PART 10. THE SPOILS

SURAH 8- AL-ANFâL

hh ğ h ŏh ûƘh ƅh bh ̻ ǻj h û Ķj h ŶɋmĵƢ‹ Ġ Ƙi ƅh Ĭ‹ h ğ `ğ ? ;g m Aźh Ŏh ȇ Š Ƿ ˏ j j h i û i h û i ğ lm ih h l i h h h ğ iűŹhɉ l AbʼnjĠ Šh=bh ̼ `b Ōł j šȬ ƅ űŹȫj? Aźô ŪĸŎ Abŋŧȱ ŴŽjȑ‹ i h i û i û hû û ĵŲğ Ājŷjķ `źĸjŸŋĻ Ůj žƢ‹ Qĵ j Ʌh jKk ŴjŲbh p ˅źğ ũ ŴjŲk űļi šû śh ļh Ŏ‹ h h h h h hh û i ğ i h h ğ ğ i h i h ŋŇA űi Źi ȫźųi Űšû ȩ ƅ űû Źj j ŵbI ŴjŲ ŴɆ j ;b űȱbʼnŠb jĬ‹ bʼnŠ ğ ğ h Ǎ ;p ƾ iğ û h ŴjŲ l AźŪi jŧŶiĻ ĵŲh bh űô û Źi ųi hŰšû Ȭh Ĭ‹ [źh iŽ jĬ‹ Ůž ȼ Ŏ j j j û ğ l i hh h h û i h i hh û i ûh űj ŰŏŰj ɉ AźŅŶŁ `˯ø ̽ `źųi ŰŞȩ ƅ űû ļŵ =b űȲȎj? ğ hh ûğhh h hh û h û h ğ źh Ÿi ÿŷi ğŵ? jĬ‹ i ųj ŏɉ‹ i Űšh ûů‹ şž ̾ űžj j ô ȇ ȤźĻb ĵŹɉ ŃŶŁĭŦ h h û h ğ h h i h ûh h lm i i iğ ū m ȑ‹ğ źh Ÿi ôĬ‹ dj ĸŏń `jıŦ ]źŠʼnƞ `= AbʼnɆŋj Ž `˯ h hû û i i h û h h ğ h h û iû h û h h h ğ h źɉ űô Źj j ɅźŰũ ǻȨ ťůɁb ̿ ǻj ŶŲj İųɉĭjɅb Āj aDz j Ŷjķ ]ʼnŽɁ h h û ğ i m i û h h h û q Ʀ P˱ h Ȩh ĺ h Ūû ŧŵ h ŧůɁ ĵŲğ ĵšžj j Ɓ‹ Ǎj ĵŲh ĺ űû Źj j ɅźŰũ ǻ = h h h h ğ ‹ Ŵğ Ȳ x ŭńh ŌɆ f ŌŠh ÿŷi ğŵ? űô û Źi Ŷh ûɀhķ ťh ůğ Ɂ Ĭ Ģ h ̀ űžj ĵŹh ȬĠ ɂʑ j Š ɧbh j j h h h hhğ hh iğ h i û h Ġ ğ h ŶŲj İû ųi û ɉ‹ Ŵjh Ų ū Ģ ́ ǻj ĵŹh ȬĠ ɂʑ šĸȩ‹ Ŵj Ųb Ĭ‹ ūĸŏń Ʊj ȍ‹ hh h û iû û i i h k h Ġ ğȍ‹ űû ȲŶjŲk ŴȲhŽ `j? ˏ ^ĵ j ļŪj ů‹ ȇ ǻj ŶŲj İųɉ‹ Pj ŋj ń Ʊ j ûhhl l i û h h i Š h h i û i k i h űȲŶjŲ ŴȲŽ `˯ ˏǻ j ȽijĵjŲ Aźĸj ŰŤȬ `bǚj ɞ `bǬjŠ h ğ xûh û iğh l ihh h ȑ‹ğ Ŵjh Ųk ĵŧq ûůɁ l Aźm ĸji ŰŤû Ȭh xĹhijlĵjŲk ƅ _źũ űŹȫɂjķ Abŋŧȱ ŴŽj û h ğh ğh h h h û i h iğ h hû i ûűȲžj ȯ `= űj ŰŠb űȲŶŠ Ĭ‹ ťŧŇ Ŵh ˜ů‹ ͂ `źŹi ŪŧȬh ûhhl l i û h x h h x hl k i k i h h qû h ˏǻ j ȽijĵjŲ Aźĸj ŰŤȬ CŋjķĵŔ ĹijĵjŲ űȲŶjŲ ŴȲŽ `jıŦ ô ĵŧšŗ û ğ û hûh lm i û h x ûh û i k i h i ğ bh jĬ‹ Ĭ‹ ñ `j JjıjȨ ǻ j ŧůɁ Aźĸj ŰŤȬ ťůɁ űȲŶjŲ ŴȲŽ `˯ hû m i h h i h h ğ h h h ǚŠɻů‹ h = ÿȔ `źȲŽ `= Ʊ Š Ǧ k h jȍ `h ǽh ĵŲh ̓ ŴɆ c şŲ jj gj h û û û h h i ŋiĻ P˱ i ŋiŽ Ĭ‹ Ġ Pŋh Šh `bʼnɆ i ğ bh ĵžh ȫȐ‹ h j ĿȬi Ʋ Š ğ ńh ʼnɆ j ˏ j Ɓ‹ Ǎj Ŵň j ğ x Šɮjh Ŭ ƅh źû ůğ ̈́ űžj i ğ bh ñ hCŋjh Ň˖‹ x ŭńh ŌɆ f ŌŠh Ĭ‹ Ũh ĸh Ŏh jĬ‹ Ŵjh Ųk Ķ jh l iih i ğ hh f Ŋh Šh űû ȩi Ŋû Ňh = m ĵųžj x Şj Šh BA h ȯ űû Ȳ ĵųjğ Ɋ AźȀŦ ͅ űž ŏųɉ q l h h iğ h qk h h ûiû h hğ h ğ `ğ ? Ĭ‹ x ŧi Ȯ Ĭ‹ x ńKğ Kź ͆ űžj j ô AźŪȩ‹b ô ĵĸjžŚ ƆŠʄń űļųj Ŷţ h h h h h i h û Ɓ‹û Ŵjh Ųk űȲŽj m j Ŵųjh k ɉ Ůiũ Ʊ Ģ Ǧ Ġ ğȍ‹ ĵŹh ȬĠ ɂʑ Ģ ʼnûŽɁ Ǎ űj Űšû Ȭh `j? c j i ii h m i i ûi qû h û i q û Ňh űû Ȳj iğ űû ȲŶjŲ ŊjŇ= ĵųjğ Ɋk ˊǞ ĻİŽ ˊǞŇ űȲjɅźŰũ Ǎj Ĭ‹

with whom yousg have covenanted, but they violate their covenant every time and they are never mindful (of God). 57 So if you confront them in battle, then make of them a fearsome example for those who follow them, that they may constantly remember. 58 And if you fear treachery from any people, then break off with them in a like manner; indeed, Allah does not like the treacherous. 59 And let not the deniers think that theya are ahead. Indeed, they cannot thwart (God). 60 And preparepl against them all what you can muster of power and of warhorse garrisons to terrify b thereby Allah’s enemy and your enemy and others apart from them whom you do not know (but) whom Allah knows. And whatever you spend in the way of Allah is rendered to you in full, and you are not dealt with unjustly. 61 But if they incline towards peace, then inclinesg towards it and place your trust in Allah. Indeed, it is He who is the All-Hearing, the AllKnowing. 62 For (even) if they want to deceive you, then surely Allah is enough for you. It is He who aided you with His supportc and with the believers. And He attuned their hearts. Had you spent 63 whatever is in the earth, all together, you would not have attuned their hearts, but Allah attuned them. Indeed, He is Almighty, All-Wise. 64 O Prophet, Allah is sufficient for you and the believers who have followed you. 65 O Prophet, urge the believers on to combat. If there are twenty patient ones among you, they can overcome two hundred. And if there are a hundred of you, they can overcome a thousand of those who have denied, because they are a people who do not comprehend. 66 Now Allah has lightened your pl burden and He has recognized that there is weakness ind you. So if there are a hundred patient ones among you, they can overcome two hundred. And if there are a thousand of you, they can overcome two thousand by Allah’s leave. For Allah is with the patient ones. 67 Never would it befit any prophet to (stop the battle and) take captives before he has subjugated (the enemy) in the battlefield. Youpl want the materials of the Earlier (Life), but Allah wants the Hereafter. For Allah is Almighty,  it not for a predetermined decree All-Wise. 68 Were from Allah, a great punishment would have befallen



All except for Hafs, Hamza, Ibn ʻAmer and Abu Jaʻfar read it as: “And do not think that the deniers are ahead.” Roways read it as: “. . . to strongly terrify . . .” c The Arabic word used for support is nasr which also means ‘victory’. Qd Abu Jaʻfar read it as: “. . . and He has recognized that there are weak people among you.” Qa

Qb

122

PART 10. REPENTANCE

SURAH 9- AT-TAWBAH

l i i h h i h ûhh x ŧi Ȯh Ĭ‹ i ğ bh űû Ȳ x ńKğ Kź ūļh ȫĵžjh Ň AbʼnɆ ŋj Ž `˯ ͇ űžj ô ů ŋû jŧŤɆb h ûhh iûh h ğ l AźiŵĵŇh ʼnû Ūh ȯh i ğ bh űû Źi Ŷjû Ų Ŵh Ȳ fűžj ŰŠh Ĭ‹ ŲįŦ ŮĸȰ ŴjŲ Ĭ‹ ñ h l l h hh l ih h h ğ ğ f ŭńh Ÿb AźŶŲA; ŴŽjȑ‹ `j? ͈ űžj űû Źj j ɉŠʆh Ųû įjķ Abʼni Źh Š ɕh bh Abŋi Łĵ i hh h h i l i h hğ l h h h ğ h ğ h Ǎ űû Ź jŏŧŵ ūjɌʤĢ bl = Abm Dz ŵb AbbA; ŴŽjȑ‹b jĬ‹ Ůž ȼ Ŏ =b j j j j h l h ğ h l l h m û h i h h hi h i i û i h i h h x h ğ x h i i hh û i Ȩh ğ ;bi h ĵhȎűô û j Ȳ ȫĵžjŋŇŁ ͇; űžjŴŽjńȑ‹ K Kź bû = ůűû ŋŹûi ŧjŘŤšɆû bȨ ĵū Ų ļAb AźŶŲA b ŧŖ ˏ Ȯp šĬ‹ j ĵAbŹȬʼnɆűŋj ɉŽb`˯ h ûû h h h i û k h hŠ h ğ h l Aźiŵĵk Ňh ʼni û Ūh ȯh i iğ bh h űû i Źi Ŷjû ŲŠ ğ h Ŵh Ȳ f ŰŠh l AbôĬ‹ űžj ŲįŦ ŮŴjĸŲȰ ŴjűŹŲj j ļžh Ĭ‹ ñ Ʋ ń ;g ƾ ɧb ŴjŲ űȲů `˯ ŋ Ł ĵ Ź Ȭ j j h ğ l l l ğ i i fh h û h h Š h h i ğ h Š h i û h ğ i i h i h h û h h i h h h kh ŸbžŰAźšŶȯŲAŴŽj ;j ŴŽj űžjŭȽŎ‹ ń űˢû źŹjû j ũɉŠʆh Ųûȇ įjķ Abƅʼnj ?Źɕ ͈DzŶ Dzb ȍ‹AbŋŁĵ űȲ Ȑ‹ȑ‹Ǎj `űj ?û ȡb i ğ l l h i h Ģ x l h m i h h h ğ h û h h h h h i ğ h x ğ Š h k h i h û h h û û i i h hû h ū =j AķbDz ȑ‹‹b ñ jĬ‹ jŏŧŵŶ=ɀbķ ͉j ɌʤǞbŕ `źŵŰbųšAbȩbAĵ;ųjķŴŽjĬ ŨɯžjŲŮž j j ȼűŎŹŶɀǍɅj bh űűŹj Ȳ h ğ l l h m ğ l i m h û h = űû Źhi Ři ğ šû hȨ h h i û h û ɉbh AźŶi ŲAh û ;h i ŴŽj h û bh û i Ŗi šû Ȩh ;i ĵi Ȏ i Abh ŋi Ł ĵŲh Ȳ Ŵ Ļ aź b= űŹˏ Řp Abŋh ŧj bȱ ŴŽjȑ‹b ji ĵŰŹšȬŧȩűƅ j? Ŗ ˏ g šȨ ;ĵhȎj ȑ‹ l i h l h h i l i h h i h Šh ğ h ğ h û h x h k x h h h h Š h h h û k x i h û h ƾǞjĸŴjŬŲIĵűŏŹj Ŧj ļbžɧP˱ bj Ŵj `˯ Abj ŋŁĵAbŸô bŋŁ ŴŽjńȑ‹b;g ͊ Ɓ‹Ų Ǎj űĹȲ Ŷļj Ŧů j AźĵŶŹŲAȬ; Ʋ i ğ h h i ğ l l l h h Šl h m i h h i ğ û ğ h h i i h û h h h ğ k h û i i h h Š h h û h žŰšbȯ jĬ‹ ŴŽj ȽŎ‹b ˢh źû j ũɌʤĢ ȇ ū b= AbƅDz b Abȍ‹bA;űȲ ŴŽjȑ‹ ʼnŹɕ j ? ŵDz j Ȑ‹Ůž j j ȼǍŎj űǍj ȡbAbDzŶ i ğ q û ğ h h h i h ûih i h ğ û h ğ x Š i h Ųk k h űŹi Ŷh ûɀɅh bi h û űû i Ȳ x ŋŰŬųšû \ȩx Lû ĵKųh bj hķ x CĬ h ȑ‹xǞbh ŕj ͋hķ `ź ͉ ŴŽj űɆ Źɉ ô ĵŪń `źŶjŲİųɉ‹ űŶi ɀŸķ j ŋjŧ‹ŤbŲh ñ Ũűɯžj j i Ģ h h l i i h i ûh û i h h ğ h l i û h h Š h i m h h l û i û h i i h h û h i l û i h h h ü l h i h ğ h Ŵh Ȳ ȩƅ ŹŘŸbšȨʼnAbšŋȨŧȱ ū šŲj ? Ŗ ŴŲj ŴŽj AźŶȑ‹ ŲAb; ˏ Abg ʼnšŹȨɕ;ĵbȎj bAb= ŋűŁĵ j ɌʤbĻ įaźŦ ŰűšŧȲ l i h h h l i h ûh h h h ğ û h h û i i x û h h x h h û h h û l i l h i û h û i x h û b P˱ ĹŶļjŲŦ Abj ŋŠɮjŁĵŬŸbǍj AźŖ ŶŲA j IĵńŏKŦƁ‹ Aźj ɉbƁ‹ =b Ǎ űô j ȲŶj Ķ p š;ĸjķŴŽjȠŠ ȑ‹bb= ű͊ŹŘǞšj ĸȨŬ_ĵ i ğ l l l h h ğ û k i h h ğ ği h Š h ğ h h h ü űžj i h hŵbğ AbbAh  ;h ͌ŴŽj i ȑ‹ŰbŠh jĬ‹ ūjɌʤĢ bl = Abm Dz Ůž ;g ƾ jôĬb‹ j Ab`ʼnjŹ? ɕ j ȼŎ j ķǍĬ‹ j Ůj Ȳ h i û iû i i x ŋŬh \x Lû Kbh x Cŋh jŧŤû Ųğ űŹi ğ ɉ ô ĵŪkq ńh `ź h ȑ‹ğ bh ͋ űɆ ŶjŲİųɉ‹ űŸ ŴŽj j j i l l h h i h h Ÿh bh ʼni šû Ȩh Ŵü Ųj l AźŶi ŲAh ;h Š ɕh bCih Kź h AbŎi ŋi Łĵ ūjɌʤĢ bl įŦ űû Ȳšh Ųh AbĹj ʼnhɅi ûźŹh ğȋA ̂ h û i ği û h h û h û l i l i h û i h h û h û û x h m h Ųh ğ h j ȡŠɮjǬ h k šĸĠ ķ ȠŠh bh = h űŹŘšȨ _ĵ mj ń Ķ Ŭû iǍ Ŗ j KŎi Ɓ‹ ǻj Kh bh AźjĬɉb‹=bŴjh űôŲk ȲŶj C;Aŋķ j ųjɉ‹ ŴjpŲ űjĻʼnŹŠɢ ŴŽjȑ‹ Ǔj? ĀjȔź h k ğ h h h h ğ h i h û i l l û h ü h h û Űh Šh û ;g ƾ Ůj Ȳjķ Ĭ‹i `j?h jôĬğ ‹ i ğ m i û h͌ i û Ȯ űû Ȳ j Ɓ‹ Ǎj AźŅž jŏŦ ̂ Ǟ ŵɁ AźųŰŠ‹b ŋp Źi őűžj = ĹšɅK= P˱ h û h i h û x ğ û i h ğ `ğ h=bh jĬ‹ h ŋŧj Š ʃů‹ dŌƥ Ĭ‹ dŌj ł Ŵjh Ųk `Šə=bh ̃ ŴɆ j šŲ j j i ğ h û h û k Ĺj h hɅû ûźğȋAh Cûi Kź ğ hŽh Mĵ h ğ `ğ h= ǚh ȱ Ŏ ̂ Ǔj? mĀjȔź j ȍ‹ j Ŏi Kh bh jĬ‹ Ĭ‹ Ɓ‹ ŀ ơ‹ _ ź j jû ğ h bh û jĬ h h ȑ‹i i Ǔh i ?h mĀjh Ȕź ûğ ‹ h Ŵjh k Ųk x x C;mh m Aŋh hhķ ğ û i h k Ġ û i ûŹh iŠ ɢh ŴŽj i ȡǬ h Ŏi ȡKǬ ûh Ȳ i j j j ů xǞųû ɉ‹Ňh Ŵjźh ŲŹi ȯh űĻʼn ǻj ų űðǻj ű ļ ȼ Ļ ` ı Ŧ ÿ Ȕź Ŏ K b j hô h j ɉ‹l ŴjŲ ;dŋj ķ h h û l h h h û ğ h û i ûǞ h i û ğ h jŏh hŦ ̂ i k Ȯh h űû Ȳ l j m i Ɓ‹ h û Ǎh j Aźû i Ņž ğ ŵɁ Aźm ųi ŰŠ‹û bi h ŋp i Źûi őh = Ĺû ši Ʌh Kû ğ = P˱ Ǭ d Ō ł š Ų Ǟ Ȯ ű Ȳ ŵ Ɂ A ź ų Ű Šĭ Ŧ ű ļ jj ȵb ñjĬ‹ j j hh h h ğ ȎźĻ `˯ û h i h û ğ x h ğ k h h ğ ŋjŧŠʃ ğ h `h =bl jĬ‹ Š ə=bh Š h ̃h ŴɆ h dŌj hł i ŧh ȱ Ĭ‹ Ŵjhh ŲŲk ű`ĠĻʼn šû ğ Ųi j j ƅj? ů‹̄dˈŌj g ƥ Ŵj Ź ɢ ŴŽj ȑ‹ Ȏ j = BA Ŋ š ķ Ab ŋ ŴŽj ȑ‹ g jh ğ ğ h h û h û k hû h û h ğ hĬ‹ ğ j ȍ‹ Ǔj? mĀjȔź j Ŏi Kh bh jĬ‹ `= ǚ j ȱƁ‹ ŀj ơ‹ _źŽ Mĵ h û iû h k x m h i h ii i h h h i ğ h Ȳů xǞû Ň źh Źi ȯ űû ļi ûȼĻ `jıŦ ÿô Ȕź ŎKb ǻj ȡǬ ðűû  j ųɉ‹ ŴjŲ ;dŋj ķ h l h kh ğ û i iû h û i ğ m i û h û iûğhh Ǭ jj ȵbh ñjĬ‹ dŌj ł j šŲ ǞȮ űȲŵɁ AźųŰŠĭŦ űļȎźĻ `˯ h h h l ihh h ğ Ġ h h ğ ğ Ŋ Ŵjh Ųk űĻʼnŹh Š ɢ ŴŽj ȑ‹ ƅj? ̄ ˈg Ȏj = BA g šjķ Abŋŧȱ ŴŽjȑ‹

you for what you have taken. 69 So consume of what you have gained, legitimate and good, and be mindful of Allah. Indeed, Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Bestowing of mercy. 70 O Prophet, say to those you hold prisoners, “If Allah recognizes any good in your hearts, He will give you better than what was taken from you and will forgive you. For Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Bestowing of mercy.” 71 But if they want to betray you, then they have already betrayed Allah earlier, and He has empowered (you) over them. For Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise. 72 Indeed, those who attained faith and emigrated and struggled in the way of Allah with their wealths and themselves, and those who provided shelter and gave support—those are guardians of one another. But those who attained faith but did not emigrate—you owe them no guardianship until they have emigrated. But if they ask youpl for support in the matter of religion, then support is incumbent on you, except against a people with whom you have a pledge. For Allah is All-Seeing of what you do. 73 And those who denied— they are guardians of one another. Unless you do this, there will be religious persecution in the land and huge corruption. 74 And those who attained faith and emigrated and struggled in the way of Allah, and those who provided shelter and supported—those are the true believers. For them is forgiveness and noble provision. 75 And those who attained faith afterwards and emigrated and struggled with youpl—then those belong with you. But blood relatives are nearer to one another in the Scripture of Allaha. Indeed, Allah is All-Knowing of everything.

9� Repentance A repeal from Allah and His Messenger (declared) to those whom youpl have covenanted from among the polytheists: 2 so travel freely through the land for four months and know (well) that you cannot thwart Allah and that Allah will disgrace the deniers. 3 And an announcement from Allah and His Messenger to mankind on the day of the Greater Pilgrimage that Allah renounces the polytheists, as does His Messenger. So if youb repent, it is better for you; but if you turn away, know that you cannot 1

a b

More entitled to inherit from one another. A grammatical shift from 3rd person to 2nd person.





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û iû h h q h i i h i h i hh l űû Ȳžû ŰŠ Abŋi Źj ŠɾiŽ űû ɉbh ĵnZžû ő űû ȡźŕi ŪŶhŽ űû ɉ űğ Ȫ ǻj ȡǬ j ųɉ‹ i h ğ ğ û ğ i Šh û i h û h û û h l m Ġ h h q h h `j? űô Źj j ĻʼnŲ Ǔj? űŸʼnŹȭ űŹj Ȏj? Aźųj ĻįŦ Aʼnń= ĶjĠ Ƙ Ĭ‹ û l û h i i iû i i û h û h h h h h h Ūļğ ųi û ɉ‹ h ȡǬû ųi ɉ‹ AźiŰļi Ȱĭ ǻj Ŧ _ŋơ‹ ŋŹőƁ‹ ņŰŏȸ‹ AJjıŦ ̅ ǻ j j ği û ih l i i û h û i i i û h û i i i h û i i Ġ h h i û h ȁ űŹɉ AbʼnšȰ‹b űŸbDzń‹b űŸbŊŇb űŸźųȩʼnŁb Ľžń l Ġ h h hŠ h ğ lih h h hŠh ğ l i hhh l i h h h û h AźŰňŦ CźŬŌɉ‹ AźĻA;b CźŰŕɉ‹ AźɊĵũ=b AźķĵĻ `jıŦ ʼnˏ p ŔŋɊ x h û h ğ `ğ ? űû Źi hŰžȼŎh x ŧi Ȯh Ĭ‹ x ńKğ Kź Ŵjh Ųk ʼnńh = `˯ ̆ űžj j ô j h hh h h h h h û h i ğ û iû Š ğ ńh iaŋû Ł űğ Ȫ jĬ‹ űh Š ʄŬ şh ųh ŏû h ȹ Ʋ j įŦ ]KĵłļŎ‹ ǻj ȡǬ j ųɉ‹ û h ğ h h h û h h ğ h h h ťžû Ŭ ̇ `źųi Űšû Ȭh ƅ x_źû ũ űû Źi ȫɂjķ ūj ɉŠə ÿô ŷi Ŷh Ųh įŲh ŷi Ťj ŰûķɁ ğ û iû i i h h h ğ h h Šbh jĬ‹ j Ŏi Kh ʼnŶj ƅj? mĀjȔź ʼnŶjŠ ʼnf Źû ȭ ǻj ȡǬ j ųŰj ɉ `źȲŽ i h l h û h h j h hû û hû h û Ġ h h h ğ űû Ȳů Aźųi Šʂļh Ŏ‹ ĵųȯ ˌ_Aŋơ‹ ʼnj ł j ŏųɉ‹ ʼnŶjŠ űȩʼnŹŠɢ ŴŽjȑ‹ h h û hŦ h Ūļğ ųi û ɉ‹ ĶjĠ Ƙi Ĭ‹ h ğ `ğ ? űû Źi h ɉ l Aźųž i jŪļh Ŏĭ `˯ ťžû Ŭ ̈ ǻ j j ô kq h h i hh l l i q û i ô ĹŲjğ J ƅbh ƅj? űû Ȳžj ȯ Aźĸi Ȱŋû hŽ ƅ űû Ȳžû ŰŠ Abŋi Źh ŞȬh h i h i i h û hh û i i i i Šh ûh h û Šh û h i h i û i `źŪ jŏŠɤ űû Ÿǜ ȱ=b űŹɅźŰũ ƪɂĻb űŹj jŸʆŦįjķ űȲŵźŗŋŽ q h qhh ğ l h l hh û mĀjôŷjŰžjȼŎh ŴŠh AbʼnĠ ŕh hŦ Ɔžj ő‹ ̉ Űũ ĵŶųȪ jĬ‹ ĺ j Š ɔ˲ Abû Ǜ kq h l i m h i ğ h h i û ƅj? Ŵjg ŲİɊi Ǎj `źĸi Ȱŋû hŽ ƅ ̊ `źŰųh šû Ȭh Aźŵǽ ĵŲh ;h ĵŎh űû Źi ȫj? h û i h h i q l i hhh l i h h h AźɊĵũ=b AźķĵĻ `jıŦ ̋ `bʼni ļh šû ųi ɉ‹ űi Ÿ ūjɌʤĢ bl =bh ô ĹŲjğ J ƅbh i hi k û i i h û h h h ğ lih h h h h ğ Ůŕj k ŧȫbh ŴŽj ˍ j Ȑ‹ Ǎj űȲŵŠʆŇjıŦ CźŠ ŬŌɉ‹ AźĻA;b CźŠ Űŕɉ‹ h l ih ğ h h h h ʼnj šû Ȩh Ŵü Ųj k űŹi Ŷh Š ʅh ûŽɁ Aźm ĿȲŵ `˯ ̌ `źųi Űšû Ȭh ˉp źû Ūj ů ĺ j Š ɔ˖‹ l ğ û i û h h l i hh i h űû Źi ȫj? ŋj ŧȲů‹ Ĺųğ j ɋ= Aźm ŰjļŠʂŦ űû Ȳj ŶŽjI Ǎj AźŶi šh Śh bh űjû Ÿʼnj Źû ȭ lm i h ğ q û h h i Šhi hh h i h h û i ğ h h û ih h Šh ûh m h AźĿȲŵ ĵŲźũ `źŰjļʂĻ ƅɁ ̍ `źŹļȿŽ űŹŰšů űŹɉ ŴʅŽɁ ƅ h h h i i i ŋɉ‹ ğ FA h Ňû ıȨ l AźųĠ Ÿh bh űû Źi Ŷh Š ʅh ûŽɁ j Ŏ ˅ˏ g ŋğ Ɋh ^bğ = űû ȡb;i ʼnh hķ űŸbh ^ź ŋ j jj h h h i û h û h ŶŲj İŲĠ űļŶ i Ŭ `? ai źû Œƛ `= ŨĠ ńh = Ĭĭ i ğ hŦ űû Źi ȫh źû Œh ûƛh Ɂh ̎ ǻj ô j h i û i hh û û ih û i i i Šh i ğ űi Źi Ȩjû Ŋk šh Ȭi űû Ÿź űû ȱDzŶ Ɇb űjŸŌj ňɆb űȲŽjʼnûŽɂjķ Ĭ‹ Űjļɥ h h û ûih h ŶŲj İû ŲĠ ˉźû hũ Kb h ʼni Ŕi ťj Œû h ȹbh űû Źžû hŰŠh Ŝžû Ȯ Ķj ŸŊɆb ̏ ǻj p j

thwart Allah. And givesg to those who have denied glad tidingsa of a painful punishment, 4 except for those of the polytheists whom youpl have covenanted then they did not fail you in anything, nor did they back anyone against you. So fulfill with them their covenant to the end of their term; indeed, Allah loves the people who are mindful (of Him). 5 As soon as the inviolable months have passed, kill the polytheists wherever you find them and capture them and besiege them and lie in wait for them at every passage. But if they repent and establish the prayers and bringb the purifying charityc, then let them go their way; indeed, Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Bestowing of mercy. 6 And if anyone of the polytheists asks yousg for protection, then grant him protection so that he may hear the Speech of Allah, then escort him to where he can be safe. That is because they are people who have no knowledge. 7 How can there be a covenant with the polytheists on the part of Allah and His Messenger, except for those whom youpl have covenanted at the Inviolable Mosque? As long as they are upright with you, be upright with them; indeed, Allah loves the people who are mindful (of Him). 8 How (can there be a treaty) when, if they overcome you, they neither respect a godd nor a treaty with you? They please you with lip service, but their hearts refuse, and most of them are defiantly disobedient. 9 They purchased, in exchange for Allah’s signse, a small price and barred others from His way; how evil indeed is what they used to do. 10 Towards a believer they respect neither a godd nor a treaty, and those are the transgressors. 11 But if they repent and establish the prayer and bringb the purifying charityc, then they are your brethren in faith. And We detail the signse for people who know. 12 But if they renege on their oaths after making their covenant and defame your religion, then combat the leaders of denial—surely, they have no (binding) oathsf—so that they may

  a This is said in sarcasm. b The Qur’an always uses verb ‘to bring’ rather than verb ‘to give’ in association with charity; this should be pondered by the reader. c The Arabic word used is zakāt, which denotes purification and growth. d The word used is Elah which means ‘God’ in Hebrew. e The Arabic word used is ayat (singular ayah). Ayah means ‘sign’ or ‘proof’. It is also used to denote the unit of text in the Qur’an, like ‘verse’ in poetry or ‘sentence’ in prose. Each such unit is considered a ‘sign’ from God. Qf Ibn ʻAmer read it as: “. . . surely, they have no faith . . .” 124

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i ğ Bź i ļi Ɇh bh űû ŹɅźiŰiũ i ğ bh ;i m ĵŒh h ȹ ŴŲh ȇ f ŭńh űžj f ŰŠh Ĭ‹ Š h h Ĭ‹ ̐ űžj ñ ñ jj h ğ l i hŠh h i ğ űj hŰšû Ȭh ĵųğ h ɉbh l Aźȡi Ǜ h û ȩi `= űû ļi ûȼ jŏńh _û h= AbʼnŹɕ ŴŽjȑ‹ Ĭ‹ h h ğ l i ğh ûhh û i i j Ŏi Kh ƅbh jĬ‹ `b ƅbh ĀjȔź j ļȬ űɉb űȲŶjŲ j I ŴjŲ AbŊň i h h h h h Ȏj bh ǻj h ŶŲj İû ųi û ɉ‹ i ĸŇh Ĭ‹ i ğ bh ô Ĺq ł `ǽ ĵŲh ̑ `źŰųh šû ȩ ĵųh j ķ ü Ǟ j û iû i h Ģhh h ğ h Šh h l ii û h h h Š h jĬ‹ űŹj jŏŧŵ= ȇ ŴŽjʼnŹj ɝ ʼnł j ɹŲ AbŋųšȬ `= ǻj ȡǬ j ųŰj ɉ h i h i ûi û û h Ģ l i û śh ĸńh ū űû Ÿ jKĵğȍ‹ ȝj bh űû Źi ۊʅh Š= ĺ j j Ɍʤb= ˏŋj ŧȲůĭjķ h i Šh ğ ğ Š h Ųh ŋi ųi šû Ȭh ĵųh ȫğ j ? ̒ `b Ȓj ɗ jĬĭjķ Ŵh ŲAh ;h Ŵû Ųh jĬ‹ ʼnh ł j ɹ ğ h ûh ûhh hŠ h ğ h h h hŠh ğ h hhh û ƅj? Őƞ űɉb CźŬŌɉ‹ ƫA;b CźŰŕɉ‹ _ĵũ=b ŋjj Ň˖‹ _j źû hȎ‹bh û h l i i h h h hli h hh hğ h û i h Ģ šȯ ðĬ‹ ̓ ŴŽjʼnļŹųɉ‹ ŴjŲ AźŵźȲŽ `= ūjɌʤĢ b= ƿ û hh h û iû h h h h û ųh û ɉ‹ hCKĵ h ųjh Šbh Fk j m ĵơ‹ h û ʼnj ł h Ŵû ųh Ŭ _Aj ŋh ơ‹ ŏ ĹŽĵŪjŎ űļŰšŁ=ø j h ğ h hŠh h h ûhû h ğ h h h ƅ jôĬ‹ Ůž j j ȼŎ Ǎj ʼnŹɕb ŋjj Ň˖‹ _j źȎ‹b jĬĭjķ ŴŲA; h iğ h ğ h ğ hû hû h h ųjۊɾů‹ ̔ǻ _źŪů‹ djʼnŹû Ȭh ƅ Ĭ‹ b ñjĬ‹ ʼnŶjŠ `ÿźi ļh ŏû h ȹ j h ğ l i hŠh h l i h h h l ih h h ğ h űû Źj j ɉŠʆh Ųû įjķ jĬ‹ Ůž j j ȼŎ Ǎj AbʼnŹɕb AbŋŁĵŸb AźŶŲA; ŴŽjȑ‹ e h h û h h m hû i h h i ğ h i h `bŌi j ɋĵŧů‹ űi Ÿ ūjɌʤĢ bl =bh jôĬ‹ ʼnŶj Š ĹŁh Kh I űi Şȭ= űû Źj jŏŧŵ=bh hû h ȯ űû Źi ğ ɉ ĺŠɰğ Łh bh `Šʆh ŗû Kbh ŷi Ŷjû Ųk ĹƧ i Ġ i i j k hȼiŽ ̕ ĵŹžj p ŋh j ķ űŹɅKh űû ŸǬ p p j h h h ğ ‹ `ğ ? ôˑʼne hķɁh m ĵŹžj h ȯ ŴŽj x jšhŵ h Ȓj Š ɗh ̖ űž f jŪŲĠ űž ŋf Łû = ÿm iaʼnŶj ŠĬ j i m l i ğh h l ih h h ğ h ĠhĢh x Şj Šh űû ȱ;h ĵhķA;h Abm Ŋň j ļȩ ƅ AźŶŲA; ŴŽjȑ‹ ĵŹȬɂʑ ̗ űž h i h hû hh h û i û l Ġ h h û h ƃ‹û ȇ h m ĵȎ h j bû = űû Ȳ ŋ ŧ Ȳ ů‹ Aź ĸ Ņ ļ Ŏ‹ ` ? ; ŵŠʆŇ˯ Ŵˏ j Š ʅŽ j j j ğ ûi ğ h i h h ih i `j? Ůũ ̘ `źųji ۊɾů‹ űi Ÿ ūjɌʤĢ bl įŦ űû ȲŶjŲk űŹi ɉźh ļh Ȭh ŴŲh bh h h h i i i û i im h i im űû ȲŁi Š ɩh Lû =bh űû ȲŵŠʆh Ň˯ űû ȱ>ĵŶh Ȩû Ɂbh űû ȱ>ĵhķA;h `ǽ f h h h ûh x h ûhhû i ih h h Ȱ‹ ^Šʆh Ųû =bh űû ȲĻǞ `źû Œƛ Cŋh Šɲjh Ļbh ĵŸźųi ļi ȯǛ jŒŠb h h m ğ h h h i ğ ńh = ĵŹh ȫh źû ŗh ŋû hĻ Ŵi Ȳ Š h Ųh bh ĵŸh Iĵ ŏŬ jĬ‹ Ŵjh Ųk űȲûȎj? Ķ j ɹ û l iğ ‹ ƫ h h ȯh ĀjŷjŰžȼŎh Ǎ pIĵŹh Łbh ĀjȔź h j įhŽ Ʋ Š ğ ńh Aźŕi Ʌğ Ǜ j Ŏi Kh bh Ĭ j j j h ğ h û h Ū jŏŠʁh ûů‹ _h źû Ūh ûů‹ djʼnŹû Ȭh ƅh Ĭ‹ i iűȡi Dz h h hŵ ʼnû Ūh hů ̙ ǻ b Ājñaŋj Ɋįjķ j

desist. 13 Will you not combat a people who have reneged on their oaths and have advanced forward to evict the Messenger, and it was they who initiated (hostilities) against you? Do you fear them? It is Allah who is worthier of being feared, if you are believers. Combat them, so that Allah may punish them at 14 your hands and disgrace them and support you against them and heal the chests of a believing people 15 and remove the rage in their hearts. And Allah grants repentance and accepts it from whomever He wills. And Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise. 16 Or do you think that you will be left alone without Allah identifyinga those of you who strive and take no confidants apart from Allah and His Messenger and the believers? And Allah is AllAware of what you do. 17 Never was it befitting for the polytheists to attend Allah’s mosquesb while professing their denial. Those—their deeds were nullified, and in the Fire they abide. 18 Surely, Allah’s mosques can only be attended by one who has attained faith in Allah and the Last Day and has established the prayer and broughtc the purifying charityd and feared none but Allah, for hopefully those will become of the guided ones. 19 Do you equate giving water to pilgrims and maintaininge the Inviolable Mosque with (the deeds of) whoever have attained faith in Allah and the Last Day and have striven in the way of Allah? They are not equal before Allah. And Allah does not guide the unjust people. 20 Those who attained faith and emigrated and strove in the way of Allah with their wealths and themselves are of a higher degree (of rank) before Allah, and it is those who are the triumphant ones. Their Lord gives them glad tidings of mercy from 21 Him, and good pleasure and Gardens wherein they have lasting bliss, 22 abiding therein forever; indeed with Allah is a great reward. 23 O you who have attained faith, do not ally yourselves with your fathers and your brethren if they prefer denial over faith, and whoever of you allies himself with them—then thosef are the unjust. 24 Say, “If your fathers, and your sons, and your brethren, and your



 Literally ‘knowing’. Ibn Kathir, Abu ʻAmr and Yaʻqub read it as: “mosque”. c The Qur’an always uses verb ‘to bring’ rather than verb ‘to give’ in association with charity; this should be pondered by the reader. d The Arabic word used is zakāt, which denotes purification and growth. Qe Ibn Wardan, in one of his narrations, read it as: “Do you equate the pilgrims’ water-servers and the maintainers of the Inviolable Mosque with . . .” f A grammatical shift from singular to plural. a

Qb

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i h Šû h= Jû ? ǻû Ŷh ńi _h źû Ɇh bh ˅Ǟ h h h iğ űû Ȳļû ĸh ł p j ĿŬ Ŵjh ŚAźh Ɋ Ǎj Ĭ‹ j g i h h û h h h nq û h û i h û i û h h û i i h û h űi Ȳžû ŰŠ ĺ ũĵŗb ĵZžő űȲŶŠ Ŵj Ťȩ űŰŦ űȲĻǜŬ h i hû û ĸh ńi Kh ĵųh ķ P˱ i ğ ^h Ōŵ h = űğ Ȫi ̚ ŴɆ h ŋķʼnû ŲĠ űļi Ȏû ğ bh űğ Ȫi ĺ Ĭ‹ Ɓ‹ j jj h ğû q i i h h h h h û i û h h h Š h ÿŷi ļh hȿžjŭŎh j Ŏi Kh ȇ űů AIźŶŁ ^Ōŵ=b ǻj ŶŲj İųɉ‹ ȇb ĀjȔź h û i m h h h Šh h l i h h h ğ h ğ h h h û h h h ŋjŧŠʃ ̛ ŴɆ ů‹ ;AŌŁ ūj ɉəb Abô ŋŧȱ ŴŽjȑ‹ BŊŠb ĵŸbŋĻ j i ğ Bź i ļi Ȭh űğ Ȫi x ŧi Ȯh Ĭ‹ i ğ bh ;i m ĵŒh h ȹ ŴŲh ȇ Š h h ūjh ɉŠəh ʼnj šû Ȩh Ŵü Ųj Ĭ‹ Kź ñ h h i û iû h ğ lm i h h h ğ h Ġh h hh x ńKğ Ģ ̜ űžj ƆŦ ōx hƑ `źȡǬ j ųɉ‹ ĵųȫj? AźŶŲA; ŴŽjȑ‹ ĵŹȬɂʑ h h û û h ŋh ơ‹ û hû l ih ûh h û ʼnh ł űû ļi ŧjŇ `˯ ôˑŊŠɪ űû Źj Ɋj ȕh ʼnh šû Ȩh _A j ŏųɉ‹ AźɅŋŪȬ i û i hû h h qhûh h ğ `ğ ? ;h m ĵőh `? mĀjŷjŰŘû hŦ ŴjŲ Ĭ i ğ ‹ űi Ȳžj Ĭ‹ ŶŤȬ [źŏŦ ĹŰžȭ j ô j ğ hh ğ h l i h h û x ŭńh űžj h ȑ‹ f ŰŠh ƅb jĬĭjķ `źŶji ŲİiŽ ƅ ŴŽ j AźŰjļŠɥ ̝ űžj h ii i h h iğ h ğ h h h i k hi h h û ƅbh ÿȔź ŎKb Ĭ‹ _ŋń ĵŲ `źɊŋj Ƙ ƅb ŋjj Ň˖‹ _j źû hȎĭjķ l i û i ğ h h h û l i i h ğ h k hû h h i h Š ń ĶŠɮjŭů‹ AźĻb= ŴŽjȑ‹ ŴjŲ Ũj ơ‹ ŴŽjI `źŶŽjʼnŽ AźśšȬ Ʋ h h h h i i û h h û ŋf Ɇû Ōh Ši IźŹi hȎ‹ ĺ j ůĵũbh ̞ `bŋi jŤŠɞ űû Ÿbh ʼnp hŽ ŴŠ ĹɆh Ōû Ơ‹ j ii û h h Š h ğ i û i h û h Š h ğ h hh ğ i û űŹɉźũ ūj ɉə ðjĬ‹ ŴȨ‹ Ńž jŏųɉ‹ cŋɻȍ‹ ĺ j ůĵũb jĬ‹ ŴȨ‹ l h h h ğ hûh h i Š h i û hûh h h i h űi Źi Űļh Š ɥ ô Ůĸû Ȱ ŴjŲ Abŋi ŧȱ ŴŽj ȑ‹ ^źũ `źnZŹj ɼŽ ðűŹj jŸŠʆŦįjķ h h ğ h i h û Šğ h i ğ q Ʌh Kû = űû Źi Ŷh Šɭh Ÿû Ki bh űû Ÿi Kĵ h ĸh ńû = l Abm Ŋi hƛ‹ Ɂ ðĬ‹ ĵȨĵ ̟ `źŭŦİiŽ ƭ i ğ lm i iûh l m h jŏųh û ɉ‹bh jĬğ ‹ `bIi ŴjŲk AbʼnĸšȎj ƅj? Abm ŋji Ɋ= ĵŲh bh űh Ɇh ŋû Ɋh Ŵh Ȩ‹û Ńž j h i û i ğ h i h Š h û i h i ğ h Šh m ğ q Š h q Šh ̠ `źȡǬ j ȹ ĵųȭ ÿŷŶɳĸŎ ôźŸ ƅj? ŷɧj? ƅ ðˑʼnjńɩ ĵŹɧj? h m ğ iğ h ûhh û hûh ğ h i l i û i h h i i `= ƅj? Ĭ‹ ƪɂɆb űŹj jŸŠʆŦįjķ jĬ‹ Kźŵ AźnZjŧśȬ `= `bʼnɆŋj Ž h i Šh û h h ûh h ih i ğ i i h Ŏi Kh Ůh Ŏh Kû h= dj m ȑ‹ğ źh Ÿi ̡ `b ÿȔź ŋjŧʃů‹ aŋj Ŭ źɉb ÿaKźŵ űjļŽ h k h h k ȇh ÿiaŋh ŹŞû Ȏi j Ũk ơ‹ haŋŬ źû ɉbh Ājŷjǿi ŴŽjȐ‹ h û ŴŽjIbh c Š ʼnh Źi û ɉĭjķ j j j j j h h h i û iû q j ĿŬh `ğ ? l Aźm Ŷi ŲAh ;h ŴŽj hŴjŲk ˊǞ h ȑ‹ğ ĵŹh ȬĠ ɂʑø Ģ ̢ `źȡǬ j j ųɉ‹ û h ûh h h i h i h hûĠ h hûhû j ğȍ‹ ^Šʆh Ųû = `źŰȱ Ůj śj Šɭůĭjķ Mĵ įȎ `ĵ j ĸŸŋɉ‹b jKĵĸńƁ‹ ğ h i û h h ğ h ğ h Ÿh ȑ‹ h h h Ġ i hh Ķ `bǣj ȲŽ ŴŽjȑ‹b ñjĬ‹ Ůž j j ȼŎ ŴŠ `bʼnŕɆb

spouses, and your kinsfolka, and wealths you have acquired, and a tradeb wherein you fear decline, and homes that well please you are more beloved to you than Allah and His Messenger and striving in His way, then wait until Allah brings about His command.” And Allah does not guide the defiantly disobedient people. 25 Allah has supported you in many battlefields. But on the day of Hunayn, when your multitude impressed you, it availed you nothing and the earth closed in on you despite its spaciousness, then you turned away, fleeing. 26 Then Allah sent down His tranquility upon His Messenger and upon the believersc, and He sent down troops you did not see and punished those who had denied. And that is the repayment of the deniers. 27 Then after that Allah will grant repentance and accept it from whomever He wills. For Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Bestowing of mercy. 28 O you who have attained faith, the polytheists are surely but an impurity, so let them not approach the Inviolable Mosque after this year of theirs. And if you fear need, then Allah will eventually enrich you of His grace if He wills. Indeed, Allah is AllKnowing, All-Wise. 29 Combat those who do not believe in Allah nor in the Last Day, nor forbid what Allah and His Messenger have forbidden, nor abide by the religion of truth—of those who have been brought the Scripture—until they pay the tribute, by hand, fully humbled. 30 And the Jews said, “Ezra is the son of Allah,” and the Christians said, “The Messiah is the son of Allah.” That is their saying which they utter with their mouths; they emulate the saying of those who denied earlier. May Allah combat them! How can they be averted (from the truth)? 31 They have taken their rabbis and their monks as lords apart from Allah, as well as the Messiah, son of Mary, although they were commanded to worship none but one God; there is no god but He. Highly Exalted is He, high above what they associate (with Him). 32 They want to extinguish Allah’s light with their mouths, yet Allah refuses but to complete His light, even if the deniers dislike it. 33 It is He Who sent His Messenger with  the religion of truth in order to the guidance and make it prevail over every religion, even if the Qa b c



Shuʻba read it as: “kinsfolks”. The Arabic word used is tijara which is also translated as ‘bargain’. A grammatical shift from 2nd person to 3rd person. 126

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h h i û k hh ğ h hh i i hh h ğ û h BA g Ŋšjķ űŸǬj ȼŦ jĬ‹ Ůž j j ȼŎ Ǎj ĵŹȫźŪjŧŶŽ ƅb ĹŘjŧů‹b h û ih hğh h h h hûi hûh h Š źh ŭ Š Ƙ _źŽ ̣ ˈp Ȏj = ĵŹh j ķ c ļȯ űŶŹŁ jKĵŵ Ǎj ĵŹh žû ŰŠ ǖ i h i ûh h h h Šh û i i i i h û i i i i h û i i h i Ŭ ĵŲ AŊɪ ðűŸKźŹŝb űŹɅźŶŁb űŹŸĵĸŁ űû Ȳ jŏŧŵƁj űû ȩǣ j l i Ġ h ğ h i û h ûi ğ h h i ih Š jKźŹi Œɉ‹ Cʼnjğ Š `j? ̤ `bǣ jĬ‹ ʼnŶj j ȲĻ űļŶŬ ĵŲ AźũbŊŦ h h ğ Ũh hŰŇh _h źû hŽ jĬğ ‹ ĶŠɮjh Ŭ Ǎ ˊŋq Źû őh Ǭ h h Šh ĵŶh Ȫ‹û D j Š ʆŠʅŏɉ‹ j j l i û h h h i k h û i k h Šh x i i f h h û h m h û h h û h Aźųj ŰŞȩ ƆŦ űô j žŪů‹ ŴŽjȐ‹ ūj ɉə ô _ŋń ĹšɅK= ĵŹŶjŲ P˱Ɓ‹b h qğ h h û iû l i h h û i h i h ğ ȡǬ ĵųh Ŭ ĹŦĮŬ ǻj j ųɉ‹ AźŰjļŠɥb űô Ȳŏŧŵ= ŴŹj žjȯ ğ ğ h lm i h û h q ğ h û i h i Šhi h Ūļğ ųi û ɉ‹ şh Ųh Ĭ h hĵųȫğ ? ̥ ǻ ‹ `= AźųŰŠ‹b ô ĹŦĮŬ űȲŵźŰjļʂŽ j j ğ l ihh Ġ ğ xh i û h ȑ‹ jŷķ ŮŘh iŽ ŋŧû Ȳ m j ȿů‹ ů‹ Ǎj CIĵɆh jL ;i ƿ Abŋŧȱ ŴŽj ˌj j k l h h h Ɇi bh ĵŲq ȕh ÿŷi hŵźŰjĠ Ƙi _h ŋğ ńh ĵŲh Cʼnjğ Š AźnZi Śj Aźh Ȏi j ĵŲq ȕh ÿŷi ŵźɊi ŋj k Ņ h iğ h û h û h im i û ih h ki iğ h ğ h h l Ġ ih iğ ƅ Ĭ‹ b ñűŹj j ۊʅŠ= ;źŎ űŹɉ ŴjɆL ôĬ‹ _ŋń ĵŲ AźŰŅ j žȯ Ĭ‹ h l h û hû hû h ȑ‹ğ ĵŹh ȬĠ ɂʑ h ŋŧj Š ʃ Ģ h ̦ ŴɆ ů‹ _źŪů‹ djʼnŹû Ȭh ĵŲh AźŶi ŲAh ;h ŴŽj j h ûh ğ ğ l i h i i h h h û i h Ǔj? űû ļi Űũĵľ‹ jĬ‹ Ůž j j ȼŎ Ǎj Abŋjŧŵ‹ űȲů ŮžjȰ AJj? űȲů hû h û Ġ Š h hû h i ŗKh h= P˱ j Cźžơĭjķ űļž şi ŠɮŲh ĵųh ȯ ˏj Cŋjh Ň˖‹ Ŵjh Ų ĵžh ȫȐ‹ j ˏ j Ɓ‹ l i h ğ f h ğ ûĠ hû j CźŠ žh ơ‹ Abŋŧj ŶĻ ƅj? ̧ Ůžj Űũ ƅj? j Cŋjh Ň˖‹ Ǎj ĵžh ȫȐ‹ i ûk hi h û Ȯh ĵŲe źû hũ ^jû ʼnĸû Ƚh ŏû h ȹbh ĵųq Ȏj h= ĵeķAŊh Šh űû Ȳ i Ǵ Ġ i hĻ ƅh bh űû ȡi Ǟ ab ķjŊšȬ ğ h ki Š h iğ h qû h h h hŵ ʼnû Ūh ȯh iabDzŶ i i hĻ ƅj? ̨ ŋŽj f ʼnũh p;ƾ û h ȁ ai Dz Ĭ‹b ñĵnZžő j ȇ ğ h l ihh h hû i Łh ŋh Ňû h= Jû ? Ĭ‹ iğ h Ÿi Jû ? ǻû hȿûľ‹ ƭĵ h ĵ ų Kĵ Ť ů‹ Ǎ ľ Ab ŋ ŧ ȱ ŴŽj ȑ‹ ŷ j j j j j j h h i ih û h ğ `ğ ? `û Ōh ûƕh ƅh ĀjŷĸŅ i ğ ^h Ōŵ h įhŦ ðĵŶh šh Ųh Ĭ‹ Ĭ‹ j j j Š ɻj ů ^źŪȬ Jj? h hh h h h h h h ğ Ĺųjh ǿ Ůšh Łh bh ĵŸbû ŋh Ļ űû ů ˆp źŶi iƎj ÿiaʼnh ğŽɁbh jŷžû ŰŠ ÿŷi ļh ȿžjŭŎh h i ğ h h û i û h ğ i h h h Šh û Ġ l i h h h ğ Ōf ɆŌj Š Ĭ‹ b ñĵžŰšů‹ Ǘj jĬ‹ Ĺųj ȣb ˍ ǔŧŏɉ‹ Abŋŧȱ ŴŽjȑ‹ h q h l q h l i f ŭńh űû Ȳj ůŠʆh Ųû įjķ Abʼni Źj Š ɕh bh ƅĵŪj ľbh ĵȯĵŧjŇ Abŋi jŧŵ‹ ̩ űžj i hh i i ğ x û h û i Šh ğ i Ŭi `? űû Ȳ h Ǎ űû Ȳ ȼ Ŏ ŧŵ =b űû ļŶ ů ǞŇ űȲj ůə jôĬ‹ Ůž jŏ j j j j ğ h h h h i ûh h ši ĸh ȩğ ˔ Aʼnq Ŕĵhũ ˊŋq ŧh Ŏh bh ĵĸɆ q ŋhũ ĵŗq ŋh Šh `h ǽ źû ɉ ̪ `ź ]ź ųŰšȩ j j

polytheists dislike it. 34 O you who have attained faith, indeed, many of the rabbis and monks devour people’s wealths illicitly and bar (others) from the way of Allah. So those who hoard gold and silver and do not spend them in the way of Allah— informsg them of a painful punishment 35 on the day when theya are heated in the fire of Hell, then their foreheads and their sides and their backs will be branded with them: “This is what you hoarded for yourselves, so taste what you used to hoard.” 36 Indeed, the number of months according to Allah is twelve months—in the recordb of Allah (since) the day He created the heavens and the earth, of which four are inviolable. That is the upright religion. So dopl not do injustice to yourselves during them, and combat the polytheists collectively as they combat you collectively, and know that Allah is with the mindful (of Him). 37 Indeed, postponing the inviolable months is but another act of denial by which those who have denied are led astrayc. They allow it one year and forbid it another year in order to conform to the number made inviolable by Allah, thus permitting what Allah has forbidden. The evil of their deeds was adorned to them. And Allah does not guide the denying people. 38 O you who have attained faith, what is the matter with you that when it is said to you, “Mobilize in the way of Allah,” you cling heavily to the earth? Are you content with the Earlier Life rather than the Hereafter? For the enjoyment of the Earlier Life compared to the Hereafter is but little. 39 Unless you mobilize, He will punish you with a painful punishment and will replace you with another people, and you will not harm Him in any way. And Allah is Powerful over everything. 40 If you do not support him, surely Allah already supported him when those who denied evicted him, as he was the second of two in the cave, when he said to his companion, “Do not be sad; Allah is surely with us.” So Allah sent down His tranquility upon him and aided him with troops you did not see and made the word of those who had denied the lowest. And the Word of Allah is the highest d . And Allah is Almighty, All-Wise. 41 Mobilize, light or heavy, and strive with your



The hoarded gold and silver. Literally ‘scripture’. Qc Yaʻqub read it as: “. . . those who have denied lead (others) astray.” All the others except Hafs, Hamza, Al-Kesa’i, Khalaf and Yaʻqub read it as: “. . . those who have denied go astray.” Qd Yaʻqub read it as: “and made the word of those who had denied the lowest and the Word of Allah the highest.” a

b

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h ğ h h i û h h h i ğ Ġ i ûh h û h i h j Š ɧbh jźɉ jĬĭjķ `źŧj ŰŅžŎb ô ĹŪŒɉ‹ űŹj žŰŠ DʼnšȨ Ŵü Ȳ h i ğ h û i h i h h i û i û i h h h û h hh h û h h û űi Űšû Ȭh Ĭ‹ b űŹŏŧŵ= `źŭj ŰŹȬ űȲšŲ ĵŶŁŋƢ ĵŶšśļŎ‹ h h h h h h iğ h h h h ğ h Š ğ ńh űû Źi ɉ ĺŵj Ʋ J= űj ɉ ūŶŠ Ĭ‹ ĵŧȭ ̫ `źiķjŊŠʃů űû Źi ȫj? h h û hh û h h l i h h h ğ h h hğhhh h ȨjŊŠʃ ů‹ űŰšȩb AźũʼnŔ ŴŽjȑ‹ ūɉ ǻĸȽŽ ƅ ̬ ǻ j h û h û h ğ h i ûh ûh ğ `= ŋjj Ň˖‹ _j źû hȎ‹bh jĬĭjķ `źŶji ŲİiŽ ŴŽj ȑ‹ ūŵjŊnZļŏȹ h û h i ğ h û i h û jŠh û h l i Š h i h Ūļğ ųi ɉĭķ ü űžj ̭ ǻ b ñűŹj jŏŧŵ=b űŹj ɉʆŲįjķ AbʼnŹj ɲŽ j j i ŰŠ Ĭ‹ û h û h h ğ h i ûh ûh hğ ğ ŋjj Ň˖‹ _j źû hȎ‹bh jĬĭjķ `źŶji ŲİiŽ ƅ ŴŽj ȑ‹ ūŵjŊnZļŏȹ ĵųȫj? hû h h h i ğhhh û ûh û hķĵhĻK‹ i Űi iũ ĺ û bh Ȭ űŹj j ĸɆK Ǎj űû Źi ȯ űû Źi Ʌź źɉbø ̮ `bIIǛ h h q ğ i i h l Ġ h h h h i iû l i h h iĬğ ‹ ah ŋŬh ŴȲ Š j ɧb CʼnŠ ÿȔ AbʼnŠƁ FbŋƢ‹ AbIAK= j hû û h h û i hğhh û ih h h ʼnšj Šʂh ûů‹ şh Ųh l Abʼni ši Ȱ‹ źɉ ̯ ŴŽj ŮžjȰb űŹśĸĿȯ űŹȪĵšjĸ˩‹ h ğ l i h û hh q hh l i i h i AźšŗbƁb ƅĵĸŇ ƅj? űû ȡbIALh ĵŲğ űȲžjȯ AźŁi ŋh Ň h û i h i h iŠğ h û i i h h i ğ bh űû Źi h ɉ `ź Ĭ‹ šʅŎ űȲžjȯbh ĹŶh ļû ŧj ů‹ űi ȲŵźŤĸû Ȭh űû ȲۊʄjŇ ñ l iğhh iûh h û l h hh ğ üi h h ųjۊɾůĭ AźĸŰũb ŮĸȰ ŴjŲ ĹŶh ļû jŧů‹ Aźi Ťļh Ȩ‹û ʼnj Ūů ̰ ǻ j j ķ űžj ŰŠ h i h ğ h h i h Ɋi Ɓ‹û ū h û ;h m ĵŁh Ʋ Š ğ ńh Kź ɉ űû Ÿbh jĬ‹ ŋi Ɋû = ŋh Źh ŝbh ŨĠ ơ‹ hh k û h h h k h û i i h ğ i û h h i Šh m j j ļŧȩ ƅb Ǔj `Ŋij‹ ^źŪȬ ŴŲ űŹŶjŲb ̱ `ź Ÿŋj ɦ ƅɁ ˏ ƴ h ğ h ğ l h hû û h û h Ņ h ŋjŧŠʃ `j? ̲ ŴɆ ůĭjķ ˫śž j ųi ɉ űh ŶŹh Ł `˯ Aźñ śi ŪŎh jĹŶļjŧů‹ Ǎj j h l i i x h i h û i i h i û h x ʼnû ũ AźɉźŪȬh Ĺĸž ŕj Ɋ ūĸŕj Ļ `˯ ðűû Ÿİŏi ȶ ĹŶh ŏh ńh ūĸû ŕj Ļ ğ i h i l ğ i h h h h mhû h h Ŵů Ůũ ̳ `źńi ŋj Ŧ űû Ÿbğ Aźůźh ļh Ɇh bh Ůĸû Ȱ ŴjŲ ĵŵŋh Ɋû = ĵŵŊŇ= h ğ hh i h iğ h hh h ğ mhh i ĶļŬ ĵŲ ƅj? ĵŶȼžŕj Ž jĬ‹ ȇbh ô ĵŶh Š Ƌůźû Ɋh źh Ÿ ĵhȍ Ĭ‹ ğ m m h h û û ğhhhûh h ûh ûi cʼnh ńû j ? ƅj? ĵŶh j ķ `źŕi Ʌğ ŋh Ļ ŮŸ Ůũ ̴ `źŶji Ųİųi ɉ‹ Ȥ j źļžŰŦ h h i h i i i ğ űi Ȳ h h ȫh Ŵi ûƗbh ǻû žh hȿŏû ơ‹ iû Ĭ‹ ĸžŕj Ž `= űû Ȳjķ œi Ʌğ Ǜ ˌj ğ l i h ʼnûŽɂh ķ bû h= mĀj aʼnŶjŠ Ŵjû Ųk BAŊh šh ķ h h ȯh ðĵŶŽj űȲšh Ųh ĵŵj? Aźm ŕi Ʌğ Ǜ j j p j h h l ğ h û h h i h i q h h ŲĠ Ůĸğ Ūļh Ȭi Ŵů ĵŸŋû Ŭ bû = ȕe źû Śh AźŪjŧŵ= Ůũ ̵ `źŕi j Ʌk Ǜ h û ihhh hh i ğ û i h Ū jŏŠɤh ĵŲq źû hũ űû ļŶ i Ŭi űû Ȳ ŵj? űȲŶjŲ `= űŹšŶŲ ĵŲb ̶ ǻ j

wealths and yourselves in the way of Allah. That is better for you, if you only knew. 42 Had the profit been immediate and the journey shorter, they would have followed you; but the distance seemed too long for them. And they will swear by Allah: “Had we been able, we would have set out with you.” They ruin themselves, and Allah knows that they are certainly liars. 43 May Allah pardon you! Why did you give them permission before it became clear to you who were the truthful ones and who were the liars? 44 Those who believe in Allah and the Last Day do not ask you for exemption from striving with their wealths and themselves. And Allah is All-Knowing of the ones mindful (of Him). 45 Rather, those who ask you for exemption are the ones who do not believe in Allah and the Last Day, and whose hearts have doubted so that in their doubt they are wavering. 46 For had they wanted to set out, they would have made preparations for it. But Allah disliked their being sent forth, so He discouraged them, and it was said, “Stay behind with those staying behind.” 47 Had they set out with you, they would have added nothing to you but confusion, and they would have spread turmoil in your midsta, seeking to sow discord among you— and some of you are avid listeners to them. And Allah is AllKnowing of the unjust pl. 48 They have most surely sought to cause discord in the past and have turned things upside down for yousg, until the truth came and the command of Allah prevailed in spite of their dislike. 49 And of them is one who says, “Exempt me and do not try me.” Undoubtedly, they have failed the trial. And Hell will most surely engulf the deniers. 50 If something good befalls you, it upsets them. And if a calamity befalls you, they say, “We took our precautions in advance,” and they turn away, rejoicing. 51 Say, “Nothing will befall us except what Allah has prescribed for us; He is our Patron. And in Allah let the believers place their trust.” 52 Say, “Are youpl awaiting anything to befall us other than one of the two excellent things? Well, we await that Allah should aff lict you with a punishment from Himself or at our hands. So await;  we are indeed awaiting with you.” 53 Say, “Whether you spend willingly or reluctantly, it will not be accepted from you; indeed, you have been a defiantly disobedient people.” 54 Yet nothing has a



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h ûi hhh ğh mğ ğ l hh j Ŏi ŋh j Ʌbh jĬĭjķ Abŋi ŧȱ űû Źi ȫɁ ƅj? űû Źi ļi Šʂŧȫ űû Źi Ŷjû Ų Ůĸh Ūȩ ĀjȔź h Šh h i û i h ğ h Š h ğ h i û h h h i ğ h i ŏŬ űŸb ƅj? CźŰŕɉ‹ `źĻɂŽ ƅb űû Ÿbh ƅj? `źŪjŧŶiŽ ƅbh Ǔĵ h h i h h ûi hh ğ i h m h i Šh ĵųh ȫj? űô û Ÿʼni Š ɧbû = ƅbh űû Źi ɉŠʆh Ųû = ūĸû ł j šȩ ƆŦ ̷ `źŸŋj ɦ k i iğ i i i h h h û Ġ Š h hû j Cźžơ‹ Ǎj ĵŹh j ķ űŹi Ȩjh Ŋšh Ȏ űû Źi ŏi ŧŵ= Ũh ŸŌû Ļbh ĵžh ȫȐ‹ j Ĭ‹ ʼnɆŋj Ž h ğ ğ h i û hh h h i i i űŸ ĵŲh bh űû ȲŶųj ɉ űû Źi ȫj? jĬĭjķ `źŧj ŰŅ Ɇb ̸ `bŋi jŧŠɦ űû Ÿbh h h û h h i h ûh h ih ûh x ûh û iğ hh û i k bû = ĵnZe ł ŰɊ `bʼnƒ j źɉ ̹ `źũŋŧȬ _źũ űŹŶjŭŠɧb űȲŶjŲ h i h û h û i h û h l û ğ h ğ q h ğ i û h Šh Šh h űŹi Ŷjû Ųbh ̺ `źŅ ųƒ űŸb jŷȎj? Aźůźů ƆŇʼnŲ b= Dg ɷʀŲ l i h hû l i û i û h h h ğ ğû h û ğ űů `˯ AźŗK ĵŹŶjŲ Aźśȭ= `jıŦ ĺ j Š ɥʼnŕɉ‹ Ǎj ]Ōi ųj ŰhŽ ŴŲ l m h l i h û i ğh ûh h h h i h m ĵŲ AźŗK űŹȫɁ źɉb ̻ `źśi ňŏû h ȹ űû Ÿ AJj? ĵŹh Ŷjû Ų Aźû śh šû Ȭi h Ļİû ži Ŏh Ĭ‹ i ğ ĵŶɀj i ğ ĵŶh iȼŏû ńh l Aźiɉĵhũbh ÿȔź i ğ űi Źi Š ƋhĻA;h i i Ŏi Kh bh Ĭ‹ ŴjŲ Ĭ‹ h m ğ ii i h h ğ h û h ğ ĵųh ȫj?ø ̼ `źĸji ţŠɚh jĬ‹ Ǔj? ĵȫj? ÿm Ȕź ŎKb ĀjŷjŰŘŦ h h h Šh û h ğ i Š ɥh ʼnh ŕɉ‹ Š h ųh û ɉ‹bh j;mAŋh Ūh ŧi ûŰj ɉ ĺ ĵŹh žû ŰŠ ǻj Űųj ɿů‹b ǻj j ŭɹ hk hû h ğ h h h h û ii ii hğh iû h jĬ‹ Ůž j ũŋɉ‹ j ȝj b űŹɅźŰũ jĹŧůİųɉ‹b j j ȼŎ ȝj b ǻjŲŋj Š ʀů‹b Bĵ ğ k q h h ȼŏɉ‹ ğ Ŵûķ‹bh i ğ bh jĬ‹ x ŭńh űžj f ŰŠh Ĭ‹ ̽ űžj ñ Ŵjh Ų ĹŘɆŋj Ŧ ˌŮž j j j i ii ûi x ii hi h i ihh ğ ğ h i ûi h ğ i iû h `J= Ůũ ` ô J= źŸ `źɉźŪɆb Ʊj ȍ‹ `bJİŽ ŴŽjȑ‹ űŹŶjŲb ğ i ûi û i ğ ûh h û Kh bh ǻj h ŶŲj İû ųi ûŰj ɉ Ŵji Ųİû Ɇi bh jĬĭ h ȓjğ ků xĹƧ ŴŽj j ķ ŴjŲİŽ űȲů Ǟ p Ň ğ l ğ h ih h i ûi h h û i f Ŋh Šh űû Źi h ɉ jĬ‹ BA ^źŎK `bJİŽ ŴŽjȑ‹b űô ȲŶjŲ AźŶi ŲAh ;h h i i ûi û i h ğ h i ûh i ğ bh űû ȡź i i Ŏi Kh bh Ĭ‹ ÿm Ȕź ŗǞj ů űȲů jĬĭjķ `źŧj ŰƘ ̾ űx Ȏj = hh ğh l h h ŶŲj İû Ɋi l Aźiŵǽh `? aź i i ûi h Ġ h h ŴŲh ÿŷi ŵɁ Aźm ųi Űšû Ȭh űû ɉɁ ̿ ǻj j ŗŋŽ `= Ũń= h h h h h ğ jIjIĵhƘi h hŵ ÿȔi h `ğ hįhŦ ÿȔź i h Ŏi Kh bh Ĭ‹ ūj ɉŠə ô ĵŹžj ȯ AȒq j Š ɗ űh Ŷğ Źh Łh Kĵ û h h hğhi h h i h iû i h ûh i Şj šh ûů‹ di Ōjû Ƣ‹ űû Źj žû ŰŠ ^ǣ ȩ `= `źŪjŧŠɰųɉ‹ KŊƘ ̀ űž hi x h i x ûi hğ ğ lmi ûh û i û ii Fŋj ƥ Ĭ‹ `j? Ab;Ōj ŹļŎ‹ Ůj ũ űô Źj j ɅźŰũ Ǎj ĵųh j ķ űŹi Ĵi j ĸk ȿĻ CKź Ŏ h h h û h i h i ğ i h hû i i PźƝ ĵŶğ Ŭ ĵųh ȫj? Ŵğ ůźŪhȎ űû Źi ȋh ɂŎh ŴjɌůbh ́ `bKi Ŋƕ ĵŲğ h i ûh ûh ûi i h hh ğ h ûi i hûhh i h h Š j ŎKb ĀjŷjļɔA;b jĬĭjķ= Ůũ Ķ ͂ `b;Ōj Źļŏȶ űļŶŬ ĀjȔź ô šŰŵb

prevented them from their contributions being accepted except that they have denied Allah and His Messenger, and that they do not approach the prayer except lazily, and that they do not spend except grudgingly. 55 So letsg neither their wealths nor their children impress you. Indeed, Allah only wants to punish them thereby in the Earlier Life, and that their souls depart while they are deniers. And they swear by Allah that they are most surely 56 of you, but in no way are they of youpl; rather, they are a terrified people. 57 Were they to find a refuge or some caverns or any entrance, they would turn to it, rushing. 58 And of them is the one who criticizes yousg regarding donations. Yet if theya are given some of it, they are content; but if they are not given any of it, they are promptly angered. 59 Yet if only they were content with what Allah and His Messenger had brought them and said, “Allah is sufficient for us; Allah will bring to us of His grace, as will His Messenger; indeed to Allah we turn wishfully.” 60 Indeed, donations are only for the poor and the destitutepl and those who administer them and for those whose hearts are reconciled and for freeing slavesb and for the debt-ridden ones and in the way of Allah and for the homeless traveler— an obligation from Allah. And Allah is AllKnowing, All-Wise. 61 And of them are those who hurt the Prophet and say, “He is just an ear.” Saysg, “An ear of goodness for youc. He has faith in Allah and he has faith in the believers and is a mercyd for those of you who have attained faith. And those who hurt the Messenger of Allah—for them is a painful punishment. 62 They swear to youpl by Allah to please you. Yet, Allah and His Messenger are worthier of their pleasing Hime, if they are believers. Have they not come to know that whoever 63 opposes Allah and His Messenger—that for him then is the fire of Hell, abiding therein? That is the great disgrace. 64 The hypocrites worry lest a surahf be bestowed from on high upong them, informing them of what is in their hearts. Saysg, “Gopl on ridiculing; indeed, Allah is sure to bring out what





A grammatical shift from singular to plural. b Literally ‘necks’. c Meaning ‘He listens for your own good’. Qd Hamza read it as: “. . . and in mercy for those of you . . .” e A grammatical shift from plural to singular. f Each portion of the Qur’an is called a ‘surah’, which is sometimes translated as ‘chapter’. Qg Ibn Kathir, Abu ʻAmr and Yaʻqub read it as: “. . . lest a surah be sent down to them . . .” a

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h i ğ i h hûh iûhh ûh l i hûh h ŴŠ ťšû ȫ `j? űô û Ȳj ŶŠʅŽ j ? ʼnšȨ űĻŋŧȱ ʼnũ AbKjŊļšȩ ƅ h ûi l i h û iğ h m h û k hi û i k h m h h Ųŋƣ ̓ ǻj j Aźŵǽ űŹȫɂjķ ˬŧjɋĵŚ BjŊšȫ űȲŶjŲ pĹŧjɋĵŚ û h ûh k i i ûh i h h iû h h i h iû `bŋi Ɋi įhŽ Ŗ ˏ p šȨ Ŵü Ųj űŹŘšȨ ĺŠʂjŧŠɰųɉ‹b `źŪjŧŠɰųɉ‹ l ih û ih ûh h i ûhh h û û û h h û Aźŏȸ űô ŹȬjʼnŽɁ `źŘjĸŪɆb [b j ŋi šųh ɉ‹ Ŵj Š `źû Źh ŶɆh bh ŋj ŭŶųi ɉĭjķ h i Šhû i i h Šh iû ğ û i h h h h ğ i ğ ʼnh Šh bh ̈́ `ź Ĭ‹ Ū jŏʁů‹ űŸ ǻjŪjŧɰųɉ‹ `j? űô Źž jŏȿŦ Ĭ‹ i û h Šh Šh iû h h Šh iû h ȯ ŴŽj h hŵ Kĵ h ŧğ ŭ h Ȓj Š ɗh űh Ŷğ Źh Łh Kĵ ů‹b ĺ ô ĵŹžj j ʂjŧɰųɉ‹b ǻjŪjŧɰųɉ‹ ğ h h x h h û i h iğ i ihhhh û ii û h h x jŪŲĠ BA h ȑĭŬ ͅ űž ŊŠ űŹɉb ðĬ‹ űŹŶšůb űô Źĸŏń Ǘj ŴŽj q h ûh hh û hh qği û i h h lmi h û i ûh ğ Š ƅʆŲ= ǜȱ=b Cźũ űȲŶjŲ ʼnő= Aźŵǽ űȲj ŰĸȰ ŴjŲ i Šh h i û h û h û h û Šh h l i h û h û h q Šh û h h hĵųŬh űû Ȳ jŪʄƚj űļšļųļŎĭŦ űŹj jŪʄƚj AźšļųļŎĭŦ Aʼnɧb=b ğ h ûi û i h û hh h i û h ȑ‹ğ şh ļh ųû ļh Ŏ‹ djȑĭŬ űļŘŇb űŹj Ūj Š ʄƚj űȲj Űĸû Ȱ ŴjŲ ŴŽj i û h û h h h hli lm i h ûĠ jˌCŋjh Ň˖‹bh ĵžh ȫȐ‹ Ǎj űû Źi ۊʅh Š= ĺ śjĸń ūjɌʤĢ b= Aźô ŗĵŇ û h i h i Šh û i i h Ģhlih h ȑ‹ğ įĸh ȫh űû ŹjĻįhŽ űû h ɉɁ ͆ `b ŴjŲ ŴŽj Ǫj ɴů‹ űŸ ūjɌʤb=b j h h û h h h û û h h h i h h h h p iŵ _j źû hũ űû ŹŰĸû Ȱh Ķ jj j ŠɳŔ=b űžjŸŠɷķj? _j źũb IźųȪb Ip ȕb Gź h h h û iû h h h û h h h h Šh khû i i i i û i û h j Šʃ `ǽ ĵųh ȯ ĺ ˏ jŧĻİųɉ‹b ŴȬʼnŲ ˌ j ɰjžȊĭjķ űŹŰŎK űŹļȩɁ ĺ h û û iğ h i h l i h ͇ `źųji ŰŞȬh űû Źi ŏh ŧŵ= Aźm ŵǽ ŴȲ j Š ɧbh űû Źi ųjh ŰŞhȎj Ĭ‹ û h i û iû h h û Ȩh ;i m ĵȎh j bû h= űû Źi Ři šû Ȩh ĺ i Šɰjh Ųİû ųi û ɉ‹bh `ź ŶjŲİųɉ‹b `bŋi Ɋi įhŽ Ŗ š ˏ p h i ih h iû h h ğ h h û û û CźŠ Űŕɉ‹ `źųž j ŋi šųh ɉĭjķ jŪɆb ŋj ŭŶųɉ‹ Ŵj Š `źû Źh ŶɆh bh [b h i ih hŠh ğ h iû h h i ih i h h hğ śj Ɇb CźŬŌɉ‹ `źĻİɆi bh ūjɌʤĢ bl = ÿm ô Ȕź ŎKb Ĭ‹ `źšž ihǞ û h Ŏh h ğ `ğ ? Ĭ‹ i ğ űi Źi Ƨ i ğ ʼnh Šh bh ͈ űžj x ŭńh ŌɆ f ŌŠh Ĭ‹ Ĭ‹ j ñ j ûh û ûh ğh ûh h û û h û û ŋi Š ʇh ŵƁ‹ ĵŹh j ļƕ ŴjŲ dŋj Ə ĺ j ŠɰjŲİųi ɉ‹bh ǻj ŶŲj İųi ɉ‹ p Š ɰŁ ĺ q x û h Šğ h h ȯ ŴŽj h Ȓj Š ɗh Š h Ųh bh ĵŹžj `Šʆh ŗjKbh `ˏ p ʼnû Š ĺ j ɰŁ Ǎj Ĺĸh j žk Śh Ŵh Ȳ j ɹ h h û h ğ h k ihȱ ğ ĵŹh ȬĠ ɂʑ i Şj šh ûů‹ Li źû ŧh ů‹û źh Ÿi ūjh ɉŠəh ôǚ Ġ ȍ‹ Ģ ͉ űž = jĬ‹ ŴjŲ Ʊ j û û h i û i h û h ŪŧŠɰh ųi ɉ‹bh Kĵ h ŧğ ŭûů‹ ʼnj ŹŠɕh űû Źi Š Ɗbh įŲh bh űô û Źj žû ŰŠ ŜŰţ‹bh ǻ jj j û l h i h h h ğ h i û i ŕj ųh ɉ‹ ōh Ȼû Ʌbh ðűi Ŷğ Źh Łh ʼnû Ūůbh Aźɉĵũ ĵŲh jĬĭjķ `źŧj ŰƘ ͊ Ǟ j

you are afraid of.” 65 And if yousg ask them, they will most surely say, “Indeed, we were but blundering and playing.” Say, “Were youpl ridiculing Allah and His signs and His Messenger?” 66 Do not make excuses. You have surely denied after having attained faith. If We pardona a faction of you, We will punish another faction because they were criminals. 67 The hypocritical men and the hypocritical women are of one another. They command to what is deplorable and forbid what is fair and they withhold their hands; they forgot Allah, so He forgot them. Indeed, the hypocrites are the ones who are defiantly disobedient. 68 Allah has promised the hypocritical men and the hypocritical women, as well as the deniers, the fire of Hell, abiding therein; it is sufficient for them. And Allah has cursed them, and for them is a perpetual punishment. 69 Like those before you: they were more powerful than you and had more wealths and children, so they enjoyed their share and you enjoyed your share as those before you enjoyed their share, and you blundered as they blundered. It is those whose deeds were nullified in the Earlier (Life) and in the Hereafter, and those are the losers. 70 Has not the story of those before them come to them? The people of Noah and ʻĀd and Thamûd, and the people of Abraham, and the inhabitants of Midian and the Overturned Citiesb? Their messengers came to them with evident proofs, for never would Allah do them any injustice, but to themselves they used to do injustice. 71 And the believing men and the believing women are guardians of one another. They command to what is fair and forbid what is deplorable and establish the prayers and bringc the purifying charity d and obey Allah and His Messenger. Those—Allah will have mercy on them. Indeed, Allah is Almighty, All-Wise. 72 Allah has promised the believing men and the believing women Gardens beneath which rivers flow, abiding therein, and good homes in the Gardens of Eden. But good pleasure from Allah is (even) greater; that is the great triumph. 73 O Prophet, strive against the deniers and the hypocrites and be stern with them,  is Hell—and what a miserable for their shelter destiny! 74 They swear by Allah that they said



All except ʻAsem read it as: “If a faction of you is pardoned . . .” The Overturned Cities of the people of Lot. c The Qur’an always uses verb ‘to bring’ rather than verb ‘to give’ in association with charity; this should be pondered by the reader. d The Arabic word used is zakāt, which denotes purification and growth. Qa b

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l hh ûi û h h l i h l h h h űû ɉ ĵųh j ķ AźųĠ Ÿbh űû Źj ųj Š ʄŎû j ? ʼnh šû Ȩh Abŋi ŧȡbh ŋj ŧȲů‹ Ĺųjh ǿ Aźɉĵũ i ğ űi Źi Š ƋŶh Ȯû h= `û h= mƅğ ? l Aźm ųi Ūh ȫh ĵŲh bh l Aźô i ɉĵŶh Ȭh i i Ŏi Kh bh Ĭ‹ ŴjŲ ÿȔź j l ğ ğ k û h i h l i ih h q û Ňh ū űi Źi Ȩjû Ŋšh Ȭi Aźû ůźh ļh Ȭh `˯ ðűû Źi ɉ ˊǞ Ž AźɅźļȬ `jıŦ ĀjôŷjŰŘŦ hû h h h iğ h ûĠ j Ɓ‹ Ǎj űû Źi ɉ ĵŲh bh ˏj Cŋjh Ň˖‹bh ĵžh ȫȐ‹ Ǎj ĵųq Ȏj = ĵeķAŊŠ Ĭ‹ P˱ h hğ h hŠh û ğ i û h h hh k h h ĵŶh Š ȺĻA;h Ŵû j Ɍů Ĭ ‹ ʼnŹɢ ŴŲ űŹŶjŲbø ͋ Ǟ ŕ j p j b ŴjŲ p ŵ ƅb Ƞ h h mğhh i ğ h ğ h h h ğ h ğ ğ h û h h Ņjۊɻů‹ ĵųŰŦ ͌ ǻ ŴjŲ Ŵȫźŭȍb ŴȰʼnŕȍ ĀjŷjŰŘŦ ŴjŲ j l i h h i û h h i l ğ h ͍ `źŗŋj šû ŲĠ űŸbğ Aźůźh Ļbh Ājŷjķ AźŰjƚ ĀjŷjŰŘŦ ŴjŲk űŹi Š ƋĻA;h l i h û h m h i h û h û h û h Šh û i i q h û ihh û hh j AźŧŰŇ= ĵųjķ ÿŷŵźŪŰŽ _źŽ Ǔj? űŹj j ɅźŰũ Ǎj ĵȰĵŧj ŵ űŹĸŪȭįŦ ğ h lm i h û h ûhh h û l i h hğ i ʼni Šh bh ĵŲh Ĭ‹ `= AźųŰšȬ űɉɁ ͎ `źiķjŊȲhŽ Aźŵǽ ĵųh j Ʌbh ab hğ h ğ `ğ h=bh űû Źi Š Ɗźh ûƑh bh űû Ÿi Ǧ i Ťi ûů‹ űi Š ʄğ Šh Ĭ‹ ğ j űi hŰšû Ȭh Ĭ‹ ͏ Bź ž j û h û h ğ h h ğ h û û h ĺ ȑ‹ j Š ɥʼnŕɉ‹ Ǎj ǻj ŶŲj İųi ɉ‹ Ŵjh Ų ǻjȭjźk śğ ųi ɉ‹ `bŌi ųj ŰhŽ ŴŽj ğ h h h h ğ h û h h û hh i h û ŋh ň j Ŏh űû Źi ŶjŲ `bŋi ňŏɀŦ űû ŸʼnŹŁi ƅj? `bʼni ƒ j ƅ ŴŽjȑ‹b h f h h û ih h û i û iğ h h h û û ŊŠ űŹɉb űŹŶjŲ Ĭ‹ ƅ bû = űû Źi ɉ ŋû jŧŤļh Ŏ‹ ͐ űf Ȏj = BA h šĸû Ŏh űû Źi h ɉ ŋû ŧŤû ļh ŏû h ȶ `? űû Źi h ɉ ŋû ŧŤû ļh ŏû h ȶ i ğ ŋh jŧŤû Ȭh ŴhŰhŦ Cq ŋğ Ɋh ǻ Ĭ‹ j j j j h h iğ h ğ h h h ğ l hh j Ŏi Kh bh jĬĭjķ Abŋi ŧȱ űû Źi ȫɂjķ ūj ɉŠə űô û Źi ɉ djʼnŹû Ȭh ƅ Ĭ‹ b ĀjñȔź h û h iğ h û h h h Ū jŏŠʁh ûů‹ _h źû Ūh ûů‹ ťŠʄjŇ űjû Ÿʼnj šh Ūųh j ķ `źŧŰňųi ɉ‹ Gh ŋj Ŧ ͑ ǻ j h h h l i ğ h iŽ `= l Aźm Ÿi ŋȡh bh jĬ‹ ih Ǎj űû Źj jŏŧŵ=bh űû Źj j ɉŠʆh Ųû įjķ Abʼni Źj Šɲ ^ź j ŎK j hh ğ h i hŵ Ůû iũ ñ ŋk ơ‹ h û Ǎj l Abŋi jŧŶhĻ ƅh l Aźiɉĵhũbh jĬ‹ ʼnĠ ő= űh Ŷğ Źh Łh Kĵ Ůž j j j ȼŎ l i ûhû h q h l i h û hûh h hû l i h ğ q AźŭĸȎb Ɔžj Űũ AźŭŅŘžŰŦ ͒ `źŹi ŪŧȬh Aźŵǽ źû ů ˊô ŋk ńh h iğ h h h ğ h m h û l i h q j ĿŬh ǓŠ j ? Ĭ‹ ūšŁK `jıŦ ͓ `źĸi jŏȲhŽ Aźŵǽ ĵųh j ķ ü ;h AŌh Łh ˊǞ i û h ih ûh û h û iûk h m h h j Ųh l AźŁi ŋi ûƛh Ŵůğ ŮŪi ȯh Fb j ŋi ňŰj ɉ ]ź ŵŊnZļŎĭŦ űŹŶjŲ pĹŧjɋĵŚ Nj h ğh i iû i h û i ğ ĝ i h h h l i Šhi h h qhh ^b= jIźšŪůĭjķ űļžŗ j K űȲŵj? ðˑbʼnŠ Njj Ų AźŰjļʂĻ Ŵůb AʼnķɁ h h h û h h l iiû h ğh h ŧjۊɴ Ģ h Ůk ŕh iĻ ƅh bh ͔ ǻ ů‹ şŲ AbʼnšȰĭŦ p ˅ŋɊ űŹi Ŷjû Ųk ʼnp ńh = ȇ j j h l h h û iğ m ûh Š h û ih hh qhh h ğ ğ i jĬĭjķ Abŋŧȱ űŹȫj? ĀjðajǚȰ ȇ űŪȩ ƅb AʼnķɁ DĵŲ

nothing, but they did say the word of blasphemya and they denied after their submissionb and they advanced towards what they could not attain. And they were resentful only because Allah and His Messenger enriched them out of Hisc grace. So if they repent, it would be better for them; but if they turn away, Allah will punish them with a painful punishment in the Earlier (Life) and in the Hereafter. And on earth they have neither ally nor supporter. And of them is one who made a covenant with 75 Allah: “If He does bring us of His grace, we will most surely donate and we will most surely be of the righteous.” 76 But when He brought them of His grace, they became stingy with it and turned away in disregard. 77 So as a consequence, He caused hypocrisy to be in their hearts until the day they encounter Him—because they broke their promise to Allah and because they used to lie. 78 Have they not come to know that Allah knows their secret and private conversations, and that Allah is the Superb Knower of the hidden realms? 79 Those who backbite the ones who give donations voluntarily from among the believers and the ones who find nothing (to give) except their own efforts, so they ridicule them—Allah has ridiculed them and for them is a painful punishment. 80 Asksg forgiveness for them or do not ask forgiveness for them— (even) if you ask forgiveness for them seventy times, Allah will not forgive them. That is because they have denied Allah and His Messenger. And Allah does not guide the defiantly disobedient people. 81 Those who lagged behind were happy to stay behind (in defiance of( the Messenger of Allah, and they hated to strive with their wealths and themselves in the way of Allah, and they said, “Do not mobilize in the heat.” Saysg, “The fire of Hell is much hotter, if they only comprehended.” 82 So let them laugh a little, and (then) let them weep much in repayment for what they used to earn. 83 So if Allah ever returns yousg back to a faction of them and they ask your permission to go out, then say, “You will not set out with me, ever, nor will you combat any enemy with me; you were indeed content with staying behind  stay behind with those who lag the first time, so behind.” 84 And do not praysg (the funeral prayer) over a b c



The Arabic word kufr means ‘denial’, ‘blasphemy’ or ‘ingratitude’. Literally ‘after they became Muslims’. A grammatical shift from plural to singular. 131

PART 10. REPENTANCE

SURAH 9- AT-TAWBAH

i h h ûi hh h i h û ih l i hh j Ŏi Kh bh űû Źi ɉŠʆh Ųû = ūĸû ł j šȩ ƅb ͕ `źŪ jŏŠɤ űŸb AźĻĵŲb ĀjȔź h iğ i i h ğ û i i hûhh k ûĠ ĵžh ȫȐ‹ Ǎj ĵŹh j ķ űŹi Ȩjh Ŋšh Ȭi `= Ĭ‹ ʼnɆŋj Ž ĵųȫj? űô ŸʼnŠɧb=b û h h i û h i mh h i Šh û i h û i i i h h h ûh h `= Cf Kź Ŏ ĺůŌŵ = A J˯ ͖ `b ŋjŧɦ űŸb űŹŏŧŵ= ŨŸŌĻb j i l l i ğ l h h h nû h û ğ Aźɉbl = ū j Ŏi Kh şh Ųh Abʼni Źj Š ɕh bh jĬĭj ķ AźŶji ŲA;h ^j źû śů‹ ŵŊZļŎ‹ jȔź h l i i h hûh l i hh û iû h ʼnjšŠʂh ûů‹ şh Ųğ ŴȲ ŵ ĵŵKJ Aźɉĵũb űŹŶjŲ `įjķ AźŗKh ͗ ŴŽj h û i h û i i Šh h h i h i h h û şh Ųh l AźiŵźȲ ƅ űŹȯ űŹj j ɅźŰũ ȇ şjĸŚb ťjj ůAźh Ƣ‹ Ž l i hŠh i h h l ih h h ğ h i i ğ hŠ h hû AbʼnŹɕ ÿŷšŲ AźŶŲA; ŴŽjȑ‹b ^źŎŋɉ‹ Ŵj Ȳ j ɧ ͘ `źŹi ŪŧȬh h Ģ h l i h i Šh û hû i i h h Ģ h l i h û i h h û Šh û h iűŸi ū j Ɍʤb=b ðDɷžƢ‹ űŹɉ ūjɌʤb=b űô Źj jŏŧŵ=b űŹj j ɉʆŲįjķ h h i ûiû hĵŹjļûƕ ŴjŲ dŋûƏh ĺŠɰğ Łh űû Źi h ɉ Ĭ‹ i ğ ʼnğ Šh h= ͙ `ź Ņj Űŧųɉ‹ p j h û û mh h h h h ȯ ŴŽj h Ȓj Š ɗh ŋi Š ʇh ûŵƁ‹û i Şj šh ů‹ Li źû ŧh ů‹ ūjh ɉŠə ô ĵŹžj ;ĵŁb ͚ űž h l i h h h ğ h h h h û ih h h û i h i k h iû h Šû Ɓ‹û Ŵjh Ų `b AźķŊŬ ŴŽjȑ‹ ʼnšȰb űŹɉ `JİȎj BA ŋ KjŊšųɉ‹ j h h h ğ i hğ f Ŋh Šh űû Źi Ŷjû Ų l Abŋi ŧh ȱ i h Ŏi Kh bh Ĭ‹ űx Ȏj = BA ŴŽjȑ‹ Ķžŕj ži Ŏh ÿô Ȕź hh hh Š h û hû hh hh m hh Ġ hh h ûğ h ȑ‹ğ ȇ ƅb ǂŋųɉ‹ ȇ ƅb j;ĵŧšŘɉ‹ ȇ ōɀů ͛ ŴŽj ğ l i h h h f h h h i i h h i h h j Ŏi Kh bh jĬj AźŅ ĵŲh ĀjôȔź ŕŵ AJj? Fŋń `źŪjŧŶŽ ĵŲ `bʼnƒ j ƅ hh hh h û ųi û ɉ‹ ȇ h ȿ jŏŅ x ŧi Ȯh Ĭ i ğ ‹bh ŮžȼŎh ŴjŲ ǻ x ńKğ Kź ȇ ƅbh ͜ űžj j ˏp j h mh h ûi û ih û h ûhh m h h i i ûh m h jȋ ]źĻɁ ĵŲ AJ? ŴŽj h ȑ‹ğ űû ȲŰjƧ= ĵŲh ʼni Ł = ƅ ĺ Ű ũ ű Ź Ű ų Ņ j j j l i h ğh e h h û ğ h i h û iii û hğ l ğhh ûh h Abʼnƒ j ƅɁ ĵŵŌń jşŲȐ‹ ŴjŲ ŖžjŧĻ űŹŶžȭ=b AźůźĻ jŷžŰŠ hh i ğ h ğ h i h h i h ȑ‹ğ ȇ Ůžjȼŏɉ‹ ĵųȫj?ø ͝ `źŪjŧŶiŽ ĵŲh ūŵźŵjŊnZû ļh ŏû h ȹ ŴŽj i h h l i h imh û h û i h h û şh Ųh l AźiŵźȲ i ğ şh ĸh Śh bh ťjj ůAźh Ƣ‹ Ĭ‹ Ž `įjķ AźŗK ô ;ĵžj Ŷţ= űŸb h h h h i i Šh h h i h h AJj? űû ȲûȎj? `bKji Ŋļh šû Ȭh ͞ `źųi Űšû Ȭh ƅ űû Źi ȯ űû Źj j ɅźŰũ ȇ h hh h h i h h ğ i ûĠ h l ĵŵɂĸğ ȫ ʼnû ũ űû Ȳů Ŵjh Ųİŵ Ŵů AbKji Ŋļh šû ȩ ƅ Ůũ űô û Źj ûȎj? űû ļi šû Łh Kh i ii i h h û i h h h iğ h h Ŏh bh űû ȡi Kĵĸh Ňû h= Ŵjû Ų Ĭ‹ iğ űğ Ȫ ÿȔź ŎKb űȲŰųȭ Ĭ‹ cǞ ô j i i k h i h j h Šh ğ h û h û Š h Šh h Ġ h i i Ŭi ĵųh ķ űȲ űû ļŶ Ĵjĸȿžȯ CʼnʇŒɉ‹b Ķ j j žŤů‹ űjj Űɢ Ǔj? `bIŋĻ h h h h h h i û h h h i h ğ i űû Źj Ȏû j ? űû ļi ĸû ŰŪŵ‹ AJj? űû Ȳů jĬĭjķ `źŧj ŰŅ žŎ ͟ `źŰųh šû ȩ

anyone of them who has died, ever, nor stand at his graveside; they have indeed denied Allah and His Messenger and have died while def iantly disobedient. 85 And do not let their possessions and their children impress you. Indeed, Allah wants to punish them thereby in the Earlier (Life), and that their souls depart while they are deniers. 86 And when a suraha is sent down (stating): “Believepl in Allah and strive with His Messenger,” the prominent among them ask you for an exemption, and they say, “Let us be with those who stay behind.” 87 They were content to be with those who lag behind, and their hearts have been sealed, so they do not comprehend. 88 But the Messenger and those who have attained faith with him have striven with their wealths and themselves. And for those there is all what is good, and those are the successful ones. 89 Allah has prepared for them Gardens beneath which rivers flow, wherein they abide; that is the great triumph. 90 And those of the nomadic Arabs who made excuses came to ask for an exemption, while those who lied to Allah and His Messenger stayed behind. A painful punishment will befall those of them who have denied. 91 There is no blame on the weak ones nor on the sick ones nor on those who find nothing to spend, provided they are true to Allah and His Messenger. In no way should the ones who excel in doing good be blamed, and Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Bestowing of mercy. 92 Nor (is there any blame) on those who, when they approached yousg to (provide them with horses to) carry them (and) you said, “I cannot find anything to carry you on,” turned away, their eyes overflowing with tears, grieving for not finding the means to spend. Indeed, blameb is only on those who ask you to 93 exempt them, although they are rich. They were content to be with those who lag behind, and Allah has sealed their hearts, so they do not know. 94 They present excuses to youpl when you come back to them. Saysg, “Do not make excuses—we will not believe you; Allah has certainly informed us of your news. And Allah will see your deeds, as will His Messenger; then you will be returned to the  Knower of the hidden realm and the manifest, and He will inform you of what you used to do.” 95 They will swear by Allah to youpl when you return to a b



Each portion of the Qur’an is called a ‘surah’, which is sometimes translated as ‘chapter’. Literally ‘way’: a way leading to punishment. 132

PART 11. REPENTANCE

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û x Łû K űû Źi ȫğ ? űû Źi Ŷû ȭh l Aźŗi ŋŠû hįhŦ űû Źi Ŷû ȭh l Aźŗi ŋšû i jȋ űû Źi Š Ɗbh įŲh bh ō ð j ð ð j j j h i û h l i h h üh m h h i ğ h h iû h h i û h űȲů `źŧj ŰƘ ͠ `źĸ jŏȲŽ Aźŵǽ ĵųjķ ;AŌŁ űŶŹŁ h Š h ûh h hğ ğ h û iû h lû h ûh h û iû h lû h ûh ŋŽ ƅ Ĭ‹ `jıŦ űŹŶȭ AźŗŋĻ `jıŦ ðűŹŶȭ AźŗǛj ů Ŵj Š ǂ h q h ûi hh i hûhû h Ū jŏŠʁh ûů‹ _j źû Ūh ûů‹ Ki ʼnh Łû =bh ĵȰĵŧj ŵbh ˊŋq ŧȱ ʼnĠ ő= BA ŋŠƁ‹ ͡ ǻ j h h h m h i i l i h û h ğh i ğ bh ĀjȔź i h Š h Ĭ‹ i ğ ^Ōŵ h = ĵŲh Ib f ŰŠh Ĭ‹ űžj ʼnń AźųŰšȬ ƅɁ ñ j ŎK ȇ h û i ğh h û x h h h hû ĵŲq ŋh ŤŲh Ũi jŧŶiŽ ĵŲh Ŋň j ļȬ ŴŲ BA j ŋŠƁ‹ ŴjŲb ͢ űžjŭń i ğ űi Ȳ ğ iCŋh ɋmAIh űû Źžû Űh Šh ŋh ɋmAbh Ȑ‹ i ğ bh j;źû ŏɉ‹ i ğhhhh f ųj Ŏh Ĭ‹ şž ôj ˍ j ķ œɅǛɆb j j û h ğ i ûi h ûhû h h x h û h h j ŋjj Ň˖‹ _źȎ‹b jĬĭjķ ŴjŲİŽ ŴŲ BA j ŋŠƁ‹ ŴjŲb ͣ űžj ŰŠ m hh ğ h h i i i h i ļğ Ɇh bh i ğ j Š ʆh hŰŔh bh jĬ‹ ƅɁ ˏ ^ź ʼnŶjŠ ĺ j g Š ɐŋi ũ ŨjŧŶŽ ĵŲ Ŋň j Ŏŋɉ‹ D ğ i h x i hûh h ğ `ğ ? mĀjŷjļƧ x ŧi Ȯ Ĭ‹ iğ i i ûi h û i hû hğ Kź j ô K Ǎj Ĭ‹ űŹŰjŇʼnžŎ űô Źɉ ĹɅŋũ ĵŹȫj? h iğhû h i Šğ h h hƁ‹û bh ŴɆ x ńKğ h ŋłŠʇh ųi û ɉ‹ Ŵjh Ų `ź Kĵ ŕŵ ɉbƁ‹ `źŪjĸɹů‹b ͤ űžj j j j h l i h iğ h j ğ Šh û i ğ h ğ h ŷi Ŷû ȭ AźŗKh bh űû Źi Ŷû ȭ Ĭ ‹ ǂK Ŵp ɹńjıjȨ űŸźši ĸh ȩ‹ ŴŽj ȑ‹b h h q m h h Š h i Šhû û h h ûh ûh Šğ h û ih ğ h hh ȯ ŴŽjȒj ɗ ŋʇŵƁ‹ ĵŹļƕ dŋj Ə ĺ ôˑʼnhķɁ ĵŹžj p ɰŁ űŹɉ ʼnŠ=b hû û k i h û h û ğ h h i hû i û hû h h h BA j ŋŠƁ‹ ŴjŲ űȲůźń ŴųjɊb ͥ űžŞj šů‹ Lźŧů‹ ūj ɉŠə hh l i h h h hû h hk û h û h h i Šh i ȇ Ab I ŋ Ɋ Ĺ j ŶŽj ʼn ų ɉ‹ Ů Ÿ ƅ \ĵ ŧj ȍ‹ j j = ŴjŲb ð`źŪjŧɰŲ h h Ġ i ûh ğ ğ ii k hi h û i ih û h i ûh û i ih û h ǓŠ j ? `bIŋh iŽ űğ Ȫ ǻ j ȩŋŲ űŹȨjŊšŶŎ űô ŹųŰšȫ ŴƗ ðűŹųŰšȩ l ih h û ii l ihh û h i h h h h h h AźśŰŇ űŹj j ɅźŵŊjķ AźŦǛȭ‹ `bŋŇA;b ͦ ˈž p Şj Š BA g ŊŠ h h h ih h iğ h q h h h űô û Źj žû ŰŠ Bź ļȬ `= Ĭ‹ ƿh Š ĵĴe j kɀŎh ŋh ŇA;h bh ĵŅjq ۊɞ Ɔųh ȭ h û i i qh i h ğ `ğ ? x ŧi Ȯh Ĭ‹ f ńKğ Kź űû Ÿŋi Źj k śh ȩ Ĺũʼnh Ŕh űû Źj j ɉŠʆh Ųû = Ŵjû Ų ŊŇ ͧ űžj j k ğ h h i h h h hŠ h ğ û û h k h h h i ğ ‹bh űû Źi ɉ Ŵx Ȳ Ŏ ūĻźŰŔ `j? ðűŹj žŰŠ Ůj Ŕb ĵŹjķ űŹj žj ȡŌh Ļbh Ĭ ñ h h ğ ih û h h i hğ ğ h lm i h û h ûhh f ųj Ŏh f ŰŠh şž Ŵû ȭ ĹɅh źû ȋ‹ ŮĸŪȬ źŸ Ĭ‹ `= AźųŰšȬ űɉɁ ͨ űžj h h ğ i i û h ğ `ğ h=bh ĺ i źğ ȋ‹ ğ źh Ÿi Ĭ‹ i ńŋɉ‹ ğ BA űžj j Š ɥʼnŕɉ‹ ŊŇįɆh bh Āj ajIĵĸjh Š i û i hh h iğ h h ŏh hŦ l AźiŰųh ȭ‹ i i Ŏi Kh bh űû Ȳ ÿȔź Űųȭ Ĭ‹ cǞ Ůj ũbh ͩ h h Ġhi h h h i û iû h ğ h ûhû j Cʼnh Š ʇh Œɉ‹bh Ķ j žŤů‹ űjj ۊɢ ǓŠ j ? `bIǛŎb ð`źŶjŲİųɉ‹b

them so that you may disregard them, so disregard them; they are an abomination and their shelter is Hell—a repayment for what they used to earn. 96 They sweara to you so that you may be well pleased with them. But even if you become well pleased with them, Allah is indeed never pleased with the defiantly disobedient people. 97 The nomadic Arabs are more steeped in denial and hypocrisy, and more likely not to know the limits of what Allah has sent down upon His Messenger. And Allah is AllKnowing, All-Wise. 98 And of the nomadic Arabs is one who considers whatever he spends to be a fine, and he awaits for a reversal of your fortunes. May the cycle of misfortune fall upon them! And Allah is All-Hearing, All-Knowing. 99 Yet of the nomadic Arabs is one who believes in Allah and the Last Day and considers whatever he spends to be (a means towards) closeness to Allah and the prayers of the Messenger. Undoubtedly, it does draw themb closer. Allah will enter them into His mercy. Indeed, Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Bestowing of mercy. 100 And the Pioneers—the first of the Emigrantsc and the Supporters d and those who followed them in righteousness—Allah became well pleased with them and they became well pleased with Him, and He has prepared for them Gardens beneath which rivers flow, wherein they abide forever; that is the great triumph. 101 And of the nomadic Arabs around you there are hypocrites, and among the inhabitants of Madinah (too); they have become adamant in hypocrisy. You do not know them; We know them. We will punish them twice, then they will be returned to a great punishment. 102 And (there are) others who have confessed their misdeeds—having mixed a righteous deed with another evil one—in the hope that Allah will grant them repentance and accept it from them. Indeed, Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Bestowing of mercy. 103 Takesg a donation from their wealths to sanctify them and purify them with, and pray for them; indeed, your prayere is (a source of) rest for them. And Allah is All-Hearing, All-Knowing. Have they not come to know that Allah is the One 104 Who accepts repentance from His servants, and  takes the donations, and that Allah is the Granter



A grammatical shift from future tense to present tense. A grammatical shift from singular to plural. c The first generation of Muslims who migrated from Makkah to Madinah. d The inhabitants of Madinah who supported the Prophet (peace be upon him). Qe All except Hafs, Hamza, Al-Kesa’i and Khalaf read it as: “indeed, your prayers are . . .” a

b

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h h h h h h i h i i h i `źû Łh ŋû Ɋi `bŋi ŇA;h bh ͪ `źŰųh šû ȩ űû ļŶ Ŭ ĵųjķ űȲĴi j ĸk ȿži ȯ h ğ ğ űû Źi Ȩji Ŋk šh Ȭi ĵŲğ ? jĬ‹ i ğ bh űû Źžû hŰŠh Bź i ļi Ȭh ĵŲ˯ f ŰŠh Ĭ‹ űžj ŋj Ɋû Ɓj ñ j j ğ h ğ h ûi h ûh x ŭńh h j Aʼnq łŏû Ɋh l AbŊi hƛ‹ ˋüŪɆŋj ŧȩbh ˊŋq ŧȡbh ˊKAq ǰ ŴŽjȑ‹b ͫ űžj j q h û h û iû hûh h ğ ‹ Bh Kĵ h ńh Ŵû ųjh k ɉ AIĵ i h Ŏi Kh bh Ĭ ŴjŲ ÿȔź ŔK˯ ǻj ŶŲj İųɉ‹ ǻȨ û ğ m û iğ h Šh û i ğ hû h û i û hh h iûh űû Źi ȫj? ʼni Źh Œhȹ Ĭ‹ b ˌƴŏơ‹ ƅj? ĵŵIKh = `j? Ŵğ ŧj ŰŅ Ȏb ô ŮĸȰ hh h k i f û hğ qhh h h i h h û ih ȇ ōjŎ= ʼnł j ŏųɉ ôˑʼnķɁ jŷžjȯ űŪȩ ƅ ͬ `źķjŊŠʃů x h Ūi ȩh `h= ŨĠ ńh h= ˉźû hŽ ^bğ h= Ŵjû Ų c ğ Š źh Ūû ȋ‹ ^ĵŁh jK jŷžjȯ jŷˏ žjȯ _ź g j h Ġ i i ğ bh l Abô ŋi Źğ śh ļh Ȭh `h= `ź ûŴųh ȯh h= ͭ ŴɆ h ŋŹk śğ ųi û ɉ‹ ĶjĠ Ƙi Ĭ‹ ĸjƘ jj h h h h ğ h Š hûh Š û h h ğ i i ûŴŲğ _= Ǟ f û Ňh `Šʆh ŗû Kbh jĬ‹ h Š ŴjŲ cźŪȩ ȇ ÿŷŶɱŶȨ ōŎ= g j hh ih hûi h ğ h h û h h i ĵŧh őh ȇ h Źh ȫĭ i Š Kĵ Ÿ [ ŋ Ł ÿŷŶŠɱŶȨ ōŎ= Kĵ ŵ Ǎ Āj ŷ ķ Kĵ Ŧ g j j j p h h iğ h hğh h i ğ hû hû h ųjۊɾů‹ ^AŌh hŽ ƅ ͮ ǻ _źŪů‹ djʼnŹû Ȭh ƅ Ĭ ‹b ñűŶŹŁ j h ğ ii hûi ii qh l hh ii ii ğhh mğ ñűû ŹɅźŰũ şh śŪȩ `= ƅj? űû Źj j ɅźŰũ Ǎj ĹĸɆjK Aźû ŶȨ djȑ‹ űi ŹŶŠɱŶȨ û hğ ğ h ŶŲj İû ųi û ɉ‹ Ŵjh Ų c i ğ bh h h ő‹ f ŭńh űžj f ŰŠh Ĭ‹ Š Ǜ Ĭ‹ `j?ø ͯ űžj ǻj h i Š h i h ğ hû i i h ğ h i hŠh û h h û i h i h ğ h Ǎ `ź ȼ Ŏ ŰjļʂŽ ô ĹŶƠ‹ űŹɉ `įjķ űŹɉʆŲ=b űŹŏŧŵ= jĬ‹ Ůž j j j û h Š hûğ kq h û h h e û h h i h û i h h i i û h h Ůž j ƃ‹ j b jĹƊKźȋ‹ Ǎj ĵŪń jŷžŰŠ AʼnŠb ð`źŰļŪɆb `źŰļŪžȯ j Ƒ h l i ûh û h ğ iû Š h bû = Ŵû Ųh bh `A AbǬj ȼļŎĭŦ jôĬ‹ Ŵjh Ų Āj aʼnj Źû šh j ķ ȝ ˏ j ;h ŋû Ūů‹bh i ûh i Şj šh ûů‹ Li źû ŧh ûů‹ źh Ÿi ūjh ɉŠəh bh Ājŷķ űļi šû Ȭĵh hķ djȑ‹ğ űi Ȳ Ͱ űž jšžȼjķ ôj h i Šh û h i Ģ ğ h h i Ģ ğ h h ûů‹ `b ğ `ź ʼnjĸɿů‹ `źĸjɌʫů‹ `źšji ŬŠɷů‹ ŅjɌʶů‹ `bʼni ųj Šɳ û û h h h h h i û Šğ ŋj ŭŶųi ɉ‹ Ŵj Š `źŸĵğȍ‹bh [b j ŋi šųh ɉĭjķ `bŋji Ɋ˖‹ `bʼni ł j ɹů‹ h i Šh û h h h ğ h ŶŲj İû ųi û ɉ‹ Ǭk h ȵbh jĬ‹ i j `ź jIbʼni ơ Şjŧɳů‹b `ǽ ĵŲh ͱ ǻj jj ñ h ğ lmi h ûh h h l û l û i m i h h h h k ŶŰjğ ɉ i ûh ûh Aźŵǽ źɉb ǻj ȡǬ j ųŰj ɉ AbŋjŧŤļŏȹ `= AźŶŲA; ŴŽjȑ‹b Ʊ jj i ûh i h û h û i ğ h û i h h ğ h h h û h i h û Š ŋũ Ƞj bl = űž j Ņ j Ơ‹ ĶŠɳŔ= űŹȫɁ űŹɉ ǻȼĻ ĵŲ ʼnj šȨ Ŵü Ųj ȗ h h ğ h ğ i hû û h h hh h ŸŠɷh ûķ? Kĵ p CʼnjŠźû Ų ŴŠ ƅj? jŷžjȨƁj űžj j ŧŤjļŎ‹ `ǽ ĵŲb Ͳ ğ i û h ğ h h ğ k xk i h i ğ h m i h h ğ h h ğ h h i ğ m h h h h `j? ŷô ŶjŲ =ǚȩ jĬj bʼnŠ ÿŷŵɁ ÿȔ ǻȼĻ ĵųŰŦ aĵŽj? ĵŸʼnŠb

and Accepter of repentance, the Bestower of mercy? And say, “Work, for Allah will see your work, 105 as will His Messenger and the believers, and then you will be returned to the Knower of the hidden realm and the manifest, and He will inform you of what you used to do.” 106 And (there are) others who are deferred until the command of Allah—whether He will punish them or grant them repentance and accept it from them. And Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise. 107 Anda (there are) the ones who took (for themselves) a mosque to cause harm and disbelief and disunity among the believers, and as an outpost for those who fought Allah and His Messenger earlier, though they will most surely swear: “We only wanted the best,” but Allah bears witness that they are certainly liars. 108 Do not stand in it, ever. Surely, a mosque founded upon mindfulness (of God) from the first day is worthier of your standing in it. In it are men who love to purify themselves, and Allah loves those who always purify themselves. 109 Is the one who foundedb his structure upon mindfulness of Allah and (His) good pleasure better or the one who founded his structure on the brink of a cliff that was about to tumble, so that it tumbled with him into the fire of Hell? And Allah does not guide the unjust people. 110 That structure of theirs that they have built will not cease being (a source of) suspicion in their hearts until their hearts are torn to pieces. And Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise. 111 Allah has indeed purchased from the believers their (very) selves and their wealth, for which they shall have the Garden (of Paradise, as a reward). They combat in the way of Allah, so they kill and get killed c —a promise, binding on Him in the Torah and the Gospel and the Recitald. And who is more faithful to his covenant than Allah? So bepl glad with that trade of yours which you have traded. And that is the great triumph. 112 The repentant ones, the worshipers, the ones who constantly praise, the travelers (for good causes), the ones bowing down, the ones prostrating themselves, the ones who enjoin what is good and forbid what is deplorable, and the ones who preserve Allah’s limits. And givesg glad  Never would it befit the tidings to the believers. 113 Prophet and those who have attained faith to ask



Nafieʻ, Ibn ʻAmer and Abu Jaʻfar read it as: “)There are) the ones . . .” Nafieʻ and Ibn ʻAmer read it as: “Is the one whose structure is founded upon . . .” Qc Hamza, Al-Kesa’i and Khalaf read it as: “. . . so they get killed and kill . . .” d The Arabic word used is Qur’an which literally means ‘recital’ or ‘recitation’.

Qa

Qb

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û h ğ i iğ h h hh x Űńh faŠɩğ hƁh űžj h ŸŠɷh ûķ? Jj? ʼnh šû Ȩh ˋüŲh źû ũ ŮŘ j Ȏj Ĭ‹ `ǽ ĵŲb ͳ űžj j i ğ h û i h h h k hȼiŽ Ʋ h ğ ğ ô h Ūi ļğ Ȭh ĵŲğ űŹi h ɉ ǻ û h Ůk Ȳ ;g ƾ j Š ń űŹŠƊʼnŸ j j ķ Ĭ‹ `j? `ź hû h ûi i û i i h h ğ ğ ʹ űžj h Š ʅh ŏɉ‹ ğ ū f ŰŠh Š j Āƻ Ž P˱ Ɓ‹ b D ʆ ŰɊ ÿȔ Ĭ‹ `j? j ˌ j h hh k h ğ i k i h hh i ih ͵Ǟ ŕ ŵ ƅ b Ƞ b Ŵj Ų Ĭ‹ `b I ŴjŲ űȲů ĵŲb ĺž j j ô ųj Ɇb j pj p h û ğ h û h Ɓ‹bh ŴɆ h ğĻ ʼnŪh ůğ i ğ Bĵ h ȑ‹ Kĵŕŵ h ŋłŠʇh ųi ɉ‹bh Ʊ ğ ȇh Ĭ‹ k ȍ‹ ŴŽj j j j jj ğ i h h h h ûh ü h h iBźiŰiũ ŢɆ h û ši ûů‹ Ĺj Šĵ Ŏ Ǎj iaźši ĸh ȩ‹ Ōj Ž Iǽ ĵŲ ʼnj šȨ ŴŲj j CǪ h h h h ği û iûk x ih û h ğ x ńKğ [b Ͷ űžj ;K űŹj j ķ ÿŷi ŵj? űô û Źj žû ŰŠ Bĵ Ļ űȪ űŹŶjŲ ŨɆ p ŋj Ŧ h h h û h h h ğ h l i k i h ğ h Šh ğ Ģ ń Aźŧj ŰŇ ŴŽjȑ‹ jĹĿʄȌ‹ ȇh bh ũĵŗ AJj? Ʋ űi Źj žû ŰŠ ĺ ğ h lm Ġ h h û i i i h û ûh h û h h h û h i h h i h û ƅ `= AźŶŝb űŹŏŧŵ= űŹj žŰŠ ĺũĵŗb ĺĸńK ĵųjķ P˱Ɓ‹ ğ h hh ûh h ğ `ğ ? l Aźm ô Ʌź i ļi Ȏ h hĻ űğ Ȫi jŷûȎh ? mƅğ ? jĬ‹ û Źžû hŰŠh Bĵ h Ĭ‹ j ű ŴjŲ įłŰɊ j j j j h h ğ l AźŪi ȩ‹ğ l AźŶi ŲAh ;h ŴŽj i źğ ȋ‹ ğ źh Ÿi h ȑ‹ğ ĵŹh ȬĠ ɂʑ i ńŋɉ‹ ğ BA Ģ h ͷ űžj Ĭ‹ ğ h h l i ih h ʼnųh û ɉ‹ ŮŸû hƁj `h ǽh ĵŲh ͸ ǻj h Ȱʼnj Š ɻů‹ şŲ Aźŵźȡb Ŵû Ųh bh jĹŶŽj j h h h ğ i ğ h l iğ h hh h û û h k ihû h ƅbh jĬ‹ ^ź j ŎK ŴŠ AźŧŰňļȬ `= BA j ŋŠƁ‹ ŴjŲ űŹɉźń i h l ih ûh i ŕj iŽ ƅh űû Źi ȫğ ɂh ķ ūjh ɉŠəh Ājŷ jŏŧû ȫğ ŴŠh űû Ź jŏŧŵ įjķ AźĸȮŋŽ űû Źi ĸž ô j j h ğ ûh hh x h h hh xh h h h Ǎ xĹŕh ųh ƥ `źnZi śh Ȭh ƅbh jĬ‹ Ůž ȼ Ŏ ƅb Ķŕŵ ƅb įųŝ j j j ğ e ğ h h ği û i h q ûh h i h ƅj? Ɔžû ȫ pbk ʼni Š Ŵjû Ų `źɉĵŶh Ȭh ƅbh Kĵ ŧŭů‹ ŜžjŤŽ ĵĴjŚźɊ hû i i h h ğ ğ f h x h h h h i ŋh Ł= şžŘ j ļŬ j Ž ƅ Ĭ‹ `j? Ńjô ۊɞ Ůųȭ Ājŷjķ űŹi ɉ Ķ hh qh h hh qh h q h hh h i i hh û ųi û ɉ‹ h ȿ jŏŅ ƅb CǞjĸŬ ƅb CǞjŤŔ ĹŪŧȫ `źŪjŧŶŽ ƅb ͹ ǻ j h iğ h i hûh û Ȏ h j ļŬi ƅğ ? ĵeŽjIAbh `ź h j űû Źi h ɉ Ķ ĵŲh Ŵh ŏh ńû = Ĭ‹ űi Źi Ɇh Ōj ł šśŪȬ j û l l i h h i qğ h i ûi h h hh h h j `ź ô ĹŦĮŬ Abŋi jŧŶȎ ŶjŲİųɉ‹ `ǽ ĵŲbø ͺ `źŰųh šû Ȭh Aźŵǽ ki k Ǎ l AźŹi Ūğ ŧh ļh hȎj k xĹŧh ɋmĵŚh űû Źi Ŷjû Ųk Ĺhũŋjû Ŧ ȁ h ŧh ȫh ƅh źû hŰhŦ ŴŽj Ȑ‹ Ŵj Ų ŋ p j j j j h i h ûh û iğ h h û ûh lm i h h h û i h ûh l i i h ͻ `bKŊƘ űŹŰšů űŹj Ȏj? AźšŁK AJj? űŹɊźũ AbKjŊŶȎj b ğ i û h k i h i h h ğ l i Šh l i h h h ğ h Ġ h Ģ h Kĵ ŧ j ŭů‹ ŴjŲ űȲŵźŰŽ ŴŽjȑ‹ AźŰjļɥ AźŶŲA; ŴŽjȑ‹ ĵŹȬɂʑ ûh û h h hğ ğ h lm i h û h q h û û i l ğ h i ͼ ǻjŪļųɉ‹ şŲ Ĭ‹ `= AźųŰŠ‹b ô ĹŞŰjţ űȲžjȯ Abʼni ł j hȎb

forgiveness for the polytheists, even if they were near relatives, after it has become evident to them that they are the fellows of purgatory. 114 And Abraham’s seeking of forgiveness for his father was only due to a promise he had made to him. But when it became evident to him that he was an enemy of Allah, he disowned him. Abraham isa most surely kind, clement. 115 And never would Allah lead any people astray after He had guided them until He made evident to them what they should be mindful of. Indeed, Allah is All-Knowing of everything. 116 Indeed, to Allah belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth; He gives life and He causes death. And apart from Allah you have neither ally nor supporter. 117 Allah has very truly granted repentance to the Prophet and the Emigrants and the Supporters who followed him in the hour of difficulty after the hearts of a group of them almost swerved, then He accepted their repent a nce; i ndeed , towa rds t hem He is Compassionate, Bestowing of mercy. 118 And (likewise for) the three who lagged behind until, when the earth—vast as it is—closed in on them and their own (inner) selves closed in on them and they thought that there was no refuge from Allah except in Him, He then granted them repentance, so that they may repent. Indeed, Allah is the Granter and Accepter of repentance, the Bestower of mercy. 119 O you who have attained faith, be mindful of Allah and be with the truthful. 120 Never would it befit the inhabitants of Madinah and the nomadic Arabs around them to lag behind the Messenger of Allah, nor to prefer themselves to him. That is because they never suffer any thirst or fatigue or starvation in the way of Allah, nor do they tread any territory that enrages the deniers, nor attain from an enemy any attainment, but it is recorded (to their credit) as a righteous deed. Indeed, Allah does not waste the reward of those who excel in doing good. 121 Nor do they spend any expenditure, small or large, nor do they cross any valley but it is recorded (to their credit), that Allah may repay them for the best of what they used to do. 122 And never would it befit the believers  to mobilize collectively. So why should there not be, of every section of them, a faction which mobilizes to study the religion and to warn their a



Frequently the Qur’an speaks about the prophets using present tense; this should be pondered by the reader.

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h xh i û h i mh h ûh i h i i ŷi ĻIALh űû ȲĠŽɁ ^źŪȬh ŴŲğ űŹi Ŷû ųj Ŧ CKź Ŏ ĺůŌŵ j = ĵŲ AJ˯ h ğ h h hh l ih h h i h ? űû Źi ȩû IA h ? mĀj aŊŠɪh űû Ÿbh ĵŶq Š ʅŽ ŌŦ AźŶŲA; ŴŽjh ȑ‹ ĵŲğ įŦ ô hĵŶq Š ʅŽ j j h i i h i ğ i û ğ x h hi û i j m h h h h û i Ġ iŷûĻIA û hL űh Ȳx ŽɁ ^źŪȬ Ŵi Ų űŹŶh ųj Ŧ CKźğ Ŏh ĺůŌŵ h = i ĵŲ û Ah J˯ û hȹ j `b űû Źi ȩIAŌh Ŧ Pŋh Ųğ űŹj j Ʌź Ű ũ Ǎ ŴŽj ȑ‹ ĵ Ų = b ͽ Ǭ ȼ ļ ŏ j j h ğ l h h h h i h h lh i h h ? mĀj aŊŠɪh h h h h j ? űû Źi ȩhû IA űû h Ÿû bh h h ĵŶq Š ʅŽ Ōi ŦŠ h AźŶŲAû i ;h ŴŽji ȑ‹h h ĵû Ųğ įŦ û ô ĵŶq Š ʅŽ j j `bŋŽ ƅh b= ; `bŋjŧɦ űŸb AźĻĵğ Ųb űh Źj jŏŁjK ǓŠ j ? ĵŏe Łû jK i ûh h i ûh ûh h ȑ‹ ĵŲkğ i =bh ͽh `b h x ğ ŋh i Ųğ űû Źhj j ğɅźh Űiũû h Ǎej ğ ğŴŽj űû h Źi ȩi IAi Ōh h Ŧ P Ǭ û j ȼļŏğ ȹ h `źɅźļȬ h ƅh űȪ ǻ Ǎj `źŶi ļh h ŧȬi űû Źi ȫɁ ȩŋɊ b= CŋŲ l ˉp ȕ ȁ j j h h h h ûi i m h i h h û û ğ ğ Š e û h `û i bû ŋhi hŽû ƅ bh h = h ; űŸbh Aźh ĻĵŲb űŹj h jŏŁ K Ǔj? ĵi ŏŁK ğ x h `bi ŋi jŧŠû ɦ h űŹŘšȨ ŋh Şȫ i CKźŎ ĺůŌŵ = ĵŲ AJ˯ Ϳk i `bŋi Ŭj ŊhŽ űû Ÿ ƅjbh h h j ğ h i i hh l ğ û h ğ h û e ğ h ğ h h û û h Ŷi ļh ŧȬi û űh û Źi Š ȫh Ɂ `ź ļȬ h ƅh űȪi h ǻ Ǎh j `ź ȩŋɊğ i b= hCŋŲ û ˉp k ȕ i ȁ h j iĬğ ‹Ʌź[ j h Š Ǯ Aźô ŦDzŵ‹ űȪh ʼnp ń = ŴjhŲ űȲƊŋŽ Ůğ Ÿğ Ŗg šȨ Ǔh j ? h i hh û i i h û ůŌŵi= m ĵŲh AJ˯ ûűx Źi Ři šû Ȩh ŋh Şh ȫğ m x CKź h Ŏi h ĺ ğ x `b h h ŋŬğ ŊŽ űŸh ƅbi h ihûh Ϳ i h h û i û h û j Űũ ^źŎK h űȱl ;ĵŁ ʼnŪů ΀ `źh ŹŪŧȬ ƅ _źũ űû û Źi ȫɂjķ űŹi Ʌź i i i Š hh h û h Ȩh ǓŠ h ? i ğ ‹ [h Ǯ h h űğ Ȫ ʼnp ńh = Ŵjû h Ųk űȲ h h Aźô ŦDzŵ‹ Ĭ Ɗ ŋ Ž Ů Ÿ Ŗ š i h f h û Ġ h h û h f h û i g i û kj űx Ȳžû ŰŠ œɆ ŋń űļj ŶŠ ĵŲ jŷžŰŠ ŌɆğ jŌŠh űȲh jŏŧŵ= Ŵji Ųi h ihûh xû û iğ i h m û jh û l h ğ h h û Űũ i Kh űû ȱ ^ź Ŏ ; ĵ Ł ʼn Ū ů ΀ `ź ŹŪŧx Ȭ ƅğ _źx ũ űi Źh ȫɂh j ķ űŹi û Ʌź h i h û h iĬğ ‹ Ʊ û h h ŏń ŮŪȯ AźůźĻ `jıhŦ ΁ j [b űžj ń K ; K ǻj Ŷ Ų İ ųi ɉĭjķ h j h h i i h û f h û û Ġ h h û ûh ğ f h h û i ğ h û m k h űȲžû ŰŠ h œɆ ŋj ń űļj ŶŠ ĵŲ jŷži ŰŠ h ŌɆ h Ōj û Šh űhȲ i jŏŧŵh =Š ŴjŲ jû ŋû šh l ů‹ğ BĠ Kh źh Ÿi bh ðĺ  ΂ űž ȣ ź Ļ j ŷ ž Ű Š ź Ÿ Ş j j šů‹ N ð x i h hƅj? ŷû ɧji? û ƅ iĬğ ‹ Ʊ x ńKğ [b h ŏû ńh ŮŪi ȯh Aźû ůźh hĻ `jıhŦ ΁ űžj ;K ǻj ŶŲj İųɉĭj ķ j i û ğ źh hĻ jŷžû hŰŠh źh Ÿi ƅğ ? ŷh Š ɧh ? mƅh hû h û h Ġ i i i i h bh ĺ  ΂ űž ð i ȣ˺˹ j Şj šů‹ Nj ŋû šů‹ōBȸźKh Žźh CŸKź Ŏ ð j j ğ ğ ˵ŋɉ‹ ğ jĬ‹  űžj ƈ j ńŋɉ‹ hi i ih i ōȸźŽ CKźŎ ˺˹ ğ û ğ ˵ ğ jĬ‹ û ŋɉ‹ j ńŋɉ‹ h h h űžj h ƈi h h h û m ğ h j ŶŰj ɉ `ĵȱ= ̂ űžj Mĵ j ŭơ‹ Ķ j Šɮjŭů‹ ĺŠɔA; ūŰj Ļ ˏŋɉA h û h û iûk i h h mhû h ûh û h e h h khh h ğ Š Ǭ j j ȵğb Mĵh ȍ‹h jKjh Ŋŵ= `= űŹh Ŷjû Ų Ůp ŁKh Ǔû j ? ĵŶi žńh bh = `h = û ĵĸłŠm h Š lɔA; ūŰj Ļ ˏŋğ ɉA Šɮjŭh ů‹ ğ ĺ h j h ŶŰj ɉ `ĵȱh = ̂ űžj Mĵ j ŭơ‹h h h Ķ h ȑ‹ ^ĵũ ñűû Źj j Ʌk Kh ʼnŶj Š h \g û ʼnûh Ŕ _ʼnũj űû Źi ɉ h `m = Aźm Ŷi h ŲAh û ;h h ŴŽj j khh h ğ hû h û eh h û iûk i h Ǭ i ğ ȍ‹h jKjğ Ŋŵ= `= f űŹĠ ŶjŲx Ůp ŁŠ h Kh ǓŠ jh? Š ĵh Ŷžńğ b= h `= i ĵĸŠ łh Šû jĬ i ğ j ‹ȵbűi Mĵ jh ɹů h AŊğɪh `l j ? `bŋjŧʃů‹ğ h h û Ȳk h ɅK h `h j ? ̃ û ǻjĸŲ h ŋh Ņ û i mih h h h ^ĵ ũ ű Ź Ʌ K ʼnŶj Š \ ʼn Ŕ _ ʼn h ũû h űŹɉ Š h `Š h = ğ AźŶŲAh h ;h ŴŽjȑ‹ğ û ñ j j űğ Ȫi ˉĵğŽɁ Ĺj ļjğ Ŏg Ǎj P˱ Šcźh ļh Ŏ‹ j ʆh ʅh ŏɉ‹ğ Ũh ŰŇ djh ȑ‹û j Ġ Ɓ‹bh h D i ğ hp ğ ğ f iĬğ ‹û űi Ȳ x Š ɅK `j? ̃ ǻh j ĸŲ ŋŅ j h ɹh ůû h Aû ŊŠɪi k h `i j ? `bû h ŋi û jŧŠʃh ů‹h û h ü ĀjôŷjŵJj? ʼnj šȨi ŴŲj h ƅj? şž g jŧő Ŵjh Ų hĵŲû ð ŋɊƁ‹ ŋh j ķʼnŽ N ˌ j h ŋh šů‹ ȇğ û űğ Ȫ ˉĵğŽğ Ɂ Ĺj ļjğ Ŏh Ǎh P˱ h h ğ h Šchźh ļh Ŏ‹ Š Š Ũ j û i ʆʅĠ ŏɉ‹ h h p i h h h j i i i Ɓ‹ û bh D ğ ŰŇi i djȑ‹ i h ûjŷȎj? ̄ `b Ŧ űh Ȳ ɅK Ĭ‹ űû Ȳj hůŠəh û û û h ü ŋŬŊğ Ļ ƆŦ=h ôabʼnĸȭĭ h û ŋi kķʼnh iŽ Nj ŋû šh ů‹ ȇ Ājğ ôŷi j ŵJhj ? û ʼnj h û šȨ l Ŵi Ųj h û ƅh j ? şž g ğ jŧőĝ h ŴjŲ ğ ĵŲ ð ŋh h Ɋû Ɓ‹ i i ûh q j Ʀh ˌ űû Ȳ i űȪh ŨŰƢ‹ A>ʼnğ ĸȬh ÿŷŵhj ? h ô ĵh Ūń jĬ‹ h ʼnŠbh ðĵšžj šŁ j ŋɊh h i h û ğ i i Ġ i i i û i h i ûjŷȎj? ̄ `b ğ űȲhɅK û Ĭh ‹ űȲj h ğ ŋl AźŬiŰŊųĻŠh bƆ i ůjšŠ əiŽ h Ŧl =AźŶi ôabŲAh ʼn;h ĸȭĭŴŽj iaʼnž h Ŧ ȑ‹ d Ō ł Ȏ j ÿ ĺ j i Šɳj Űû Š ɻů‹ j i i ûh q jƦh űû Ȳ h û l A>i ʼnh ĸû Ȭh ÿŷi ğŵ? ô ĵŪĝ ńh jĬğ ‹ ʼnh Šû bh ðĵšžj űğ Ȫ Ũh ŰƢ‹ šŁ j j ŋɊ ğ l l i ğ h û h ii i h ȑ‹ dh Ōł Šɳjh ۊɻů‹ AźŰųj Šbh AźŶi ŲAh ;h ŴŽj ĺ j  j Ȏj ÿaʼnžjšŽ

people when they return to them, so that they may beware? 123 O you who have attained faith, combat those of the deniers who are adjacent to you, and let them find harshness in you, and know that Allah is with the people who are mindful (of Him). 124 And whenever a suraha is revealed, some of them say, “Which of you has this increased in faith?” As for those who have attained faith—it increases them in faith and they anticipate glad tidings. 125 But as for those in whose hearts is sickness—it adds abomination to their abomination and they die as deniers. 126 Do they not seeb that they are tested every year once or twice? Yet they neither repent nor constantly remember. 127 And whenever a suraha is sent down, they look at one another, “Does anyone see you?” Then they turn away. Allah has turned away their hearts because they are people who do not comprehend. 128 Very truly, there has come to you a messenger from among yourselves, concerned over your suffering, anxious over you; towards the believers c he is compassionate, bestowing of mercy. 129 Yet if they turn away, then saysg, “Allah is sufficient for me; there is no god but He; in Him I have placed my trust, and He is the Lord of the Great Throne.”

10� Jonah In the name of Allah, the All-Merciful, the Bestower of mercy Alif Lām Ra. Those are the signsd of the Wise Scripture. 2 Was it a wonder to mankind that We revealed to a man from among them: “Warn mankind and give glad tidings to those who have attained faith that they are on a sound footing with their Lord”? The deniers said, “Most surely, this is an evident sorcerere.” 3 Indeed, your pl Lord is Allah, Who created the heavens and the earth in six daysf then settled over the Throne, governing every matter; there is no intercessor except after His permission. Such is Allah, your Lord, so worship 1



Each portion of the Qur’an is called a ‘surah’, which is sometimes translated as ‘chapter’. Qb Hamza and Yaʻqub read it as: “Do you not see . . .”  c A grammatical shift from 2nd person to 3rd person.  d The Arabic word used is ayat (singular ayah). Ayah means ‘sign’ or ‘proof’. It is also used to denote the unit of text in the Qur’an, like ‘verse’ in poetry or ‘sentence’ in prose. Each such unit is considered a ‘sign’ from God. Qe Nafieʻ, Abu ʻAmr, Ibn ʻAmer, Abu Jaʻfar and Yaʻqub read it as: “. . . this is evident sorcery.” f Six equal intervals of time, which may be six heavenly days, each of them being 1000 earthly years long (see 22: 47). a

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x h h û ih l i h h h ğ h ˏ û û f Ŋh Šh bh ˈžjƧh Ŵjû Ųk BA Ǩ űŹɉ Abŋŧȱ ŴŽjȑ‹b řj ŏjŪůĭjķ BA p h ğ i ğ h h iû l i h ōh ųû Œɉ‹ Ůšh Łh djȑ‹ źh Ÿ ̅ `bŋi ŧȲhŽ Aźŵǽ ĵųh j ķ ü űi Ȏj = h h h l hû h hh ğ h q iŵ ŋh ųh Ūh ûů‹bh ;q m ĵžh ŗ h ȿŏɉ‹ ǻ j j k IʼnŠ Aźųi Űšh jȋ ^jLĵŶŲ ÿiaKh ʼnũbh ˊKź j ğ h h iğ hh h h h h û h i k h k hû h ĺ j Š ɔ˖‹ Ůŕj ŧȬi Ũˏ j ơĭ ô ŏj ơ‹b j ķ ƅj? ūj ɉŠə Ĭ‹ ŨŰŇ ĵŲ Bĵ ğ h h h û ğ h h h Ũh ŰŇ ĵŲh bh jKĵŹh ğȍ‹bh Ůj ûȎ‹ ťj Š ʄjļҋ Ǎj `j? ̆ `źųi Űšû Ȭh ˉp źû Ūj ů hû h ğ h k Šh h i h h ğ Ǎ Ĭ‹ iğ j `j? ̇ `źŪļğ Ȭh ˉp źû Ūj ů ĺ ɔ˗ P˱ Ɓ‹b D j Š ʆŠʅŏɉ‹ p j l Ġ h h û h h û Ġ Š h hû l i h h h h m h h i û h h h ğ AźŵɂųŚ‹b ĵžȫȐ‹ j Cźžơĭjķ AźŗKb ĵŵ;ĵŪj ů `źŁŋŽ ƅ ŴŽjȑ‹ û h hli h i h h h h û h û i h ğ h h iűŹi Š Ɗbh įŲh ū j ɌʤĢ b= ̈ `źŰjŧŠɣ ĵŶjļŠɔA; Ŵȭ űŸ ŴŽjȑ‹b ĵŹjķ l i h h l ih h h ğ ğ h û l i h i ğȍ‹ AźŰųj Šb AźŶŲA; ŴŽjȑ‹ `j? ̉ `źĸi jŏȲhŽ Aźŵǽ ĵųh j ķ Kĵ ğ ûh ûh h ıȨ űŹi ɅĠ Kh űû ŹŽjʼnŹû Ȭh ĺŠɳjh ۊɻů‹ űi Źj j ļƕ ŴjŲ dŋj Ə ðűû Źj j ŶŠʅŽ j jj j ğh h h û i h û iŠ h û h hûh û ĸŎ ĵŹžjȯ űŹƊźŠI ̊ űž ūŶh Šɳ j ŠɰŁ Ǎj ŋi Š ʇŵƁ‹ j šj ğȍ‹ ĺ h ğ ğ h ȯ űû Źi ļi žjğ ƕh bh űğ Źi Űɉ‹ h û `j = űû Źi Š Ɗźh Šû Ih ŋji ŇA;h bh űôx Š ʄh Ŏh ĵŹžj jĬj ʼni ųû ơ‹ k h i ûh h h h h û k Kh i ğ Ůi ł ğ ğ Mĵ j ŶŰjğ ɉ Ĭ‹ Ǭɉ‹ j šȬ źɉbø ̋ ǻųj ۊɿů‹ B j û h h ğ i h hh û ii h h û ûh h h i û û h h û i h j Ūů Ǟ ƅ ŴŽjȑ‹ KŊŶȯ ðűŹŰŁ= űŹj Ȏj? DŽ j Ƣĭjķ űŹɉĵłšjļŎ‹ h û h mh h h ōğ Ɋh AJ˯ ̌ `źŹi ųh šû Ȭh űû Źj j ŶŠɱh ŤŚi Ǎj ĵŵ;h ĵŪj ů `źŁi ŋû hŽ û hh mh h h h Ġ Ġ Ŵh ɹȸ h j ĵhŵȕh Ih Ǵɉ‹ Š h ƃ‹ ĵųğ ŰŦ ĵųq j ɋĵũ bû = Aʼnje Šĵũ bû = mĀjŷjĸ˪Ơ j h h ğ h m û h h i i i û û ğ h h k Š h h û ğh iğ i ÿô ŷi ŏğ Ų ǰ p Ǔj? ĵŶȭʼnŽ űů `įŬ ŋɊ ÿaǰ ŷŶȭ ĵŶŧŒŬ l i h hh h i h ȯǪû ųi ûŰj ɉ Ŵh Ɇk Li ūjh ɉŠɶh Ŭh ʼnû Ūůbh ̍ `źŰųh šû Ȭh Aźŵǽ ĵŲh ǻj j j l û h h û hûh m h û h i h i űû Źi ȩ;h ĵŁh bh Aźųi Űŝ ĵųğ ɉ űû Ȳj Űĸû Ȱ ŴjŲ `bŋi Ūů‹ ĵŶh ŭŰŸ= i hû ûh h h h l û i l i h h h Šh khû j Aźŵǽ ĵŲb ĺ _h źû Ūů‹ dŌj Ƒ ūj ɉŠɶŬ Aźô Ŷji ŲİȎ j ɰjžȊĭjķ űŹi ŰŎi Ki hû h Ģh h û i Šhû h h ğ i û iû h Ųŋł j Ɓ‹ Ǎj ťjɌˁ Ŵü Ųj P˱ Ň űȲɰŰšŁ űȪ ̎ ǻj j ųɉ‹ h h hûi h h ihûh hûh h i h û ûh Š ļȩ AJ˯ ̏ `ź űû Źj žû ŰŠ ǔ Űųšȩ ťžŬ ŋŞŶ jȍ űjŸʼnj šȨ h i ûh h h ğ h h Šh kh hi h h h û i j û ij‹ ĵhŵ;h m ĵŪjh ů `ź `A ŁŋŽ ƅ ŴŽjȑ‹ ^ĵũ ĺ p ɰjžȨ ĵŶȩĵŽA; g ;ŋŪjķ ĺ

Him. Will you not remind yourselvesa? 4 To Him is your return, all together; the promise of Allah is true. Indeed b, He originates creation and then restores it to repay those who have attained faith and have done righteous deeds with equity. And those who have denied—for them is a drink of scalding water and a painful punishment on account of how they used to deny. 5 It is He Who made the sun radiance and the moon a light and determined phases for it, that you may know the number of years and the calculation. Allah did not create all this except with the truthc. Hed details the signs for people who know. 6 Indeed, in the alternation of night and day and in whatever Allah has created in the heavens and the earth are signs for people who are mindful (of Him). 7 Indeed, those who do not expect to meet Us and have been content with the Earlier Life and have become serene thereby, and those who are oblivious of Our signs, 8 those—their shelter is the Fire on account of what they used to earn. 9 Indeed, those who have attained faith and have done righteous deeds—their Lord guides them in their faith; rivers f low beneath them in the Gardens of Bliss. 10 Their call therein is, “Highly Exalted are You, our God,” and their greeting therein is, “Peace.” And the last of their call is, “Praise be to Allah, Lord of all realms.” 11 And if Allah were to expedite evil for mankind as they wish to expedite good, their term would have been fulfillede for them; so Wef leave those who do not expect to meet Us to wander aimlessly while exceeding all limits. 12 And whenever harm touches man, he calls upon Us—reclining on his side or sitting or standing. But when We lift harm off of him, he goes away as though he had never called upon Us for any harm that had touched him. Thus was adorned for the extremists what they used to do. 13 And very truly We annihilated generations before you pl when they did injustices, while messengers came to them with evident proofs, but they would not believe. Thus We repay the criminal people. 14 Then We made you successors on earth after them to look how you would behave. 15 And





Hafs, Hamza, Al-Kesa’i and Khalaf read it as: “Will you not constantly remember?” Abu Jaʻfar read it as: “the promise of Allah is true: that He originates creation . . .” c According to Ibn ʻAshour and other exegetes, ‘with the truth’ means ‘for a purpose’. Qd All except for Ibn Kathir, Abu ʻAmr, Hafs and Yaʻqub read it as: “We detail the signs for . . .” Qe Ibn ʻAmer and Yaʻqub read it as: “. . . He would have fulfilled their term for them”. f A grammatical shift from 3rd person to 1st person. Qa

Qb

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i i h h ûi iû k h ûh m h Šh û h i h ʼnk hķɁi `û h= Ǔ m j `ź ȲŽ ĵŲ Ůũ ô Ȕjʼnķ b= AŊɪ Ǟ ŴjŲ ÿȔj j Ȯ h h û i h mk ğh Ģ h i h ğ i ğ û m û h m h û `j? [ĵŇ= ƭ j j ? ð Ǔj? ƸźŽ ĵŲ ƅj? şjĸĻɁ `j? ˌƿj ŧȫ dĤ ĵŪŰj Ļ h Ŋh Šh ȗk Kh ĺ i ğ ;h m ĵőh źû ůğ Ůiũ ̐ ˈžŞj Šh ˉźû hŽ BA i žû ŕh Šh ĵŲh Ĭ‹ g p j i i Š hûh m hh û i ûh h iiûhh i Ŀû Ȋh ʼnû Ūh ȯh Ājŷķ űȲ űû Ȳžjȯ ĺ ƊKI= ƅb űȲžŰŠ ÿŷĻźŰĻ ðj j h h û h h h i h hhh i Ŵj ųjğ Ɋ űi Űŝ= Ŵû ųh ȯ ̑ `źŰŪj šû ȩ ƆŦ= mĀjôŷj Űĸû Ȱ ŴjŲk ˊŋq ųi ȭ h ğ hh Š hhû ğ h h û h ğ h Ǜȯ‹ Ńji ŰŧȬi ƅ ÿŷi ŵj? mĀjôŷjļŠɔ˲ Bh ŊŬ bû = ĵeķjŊŬ jĬ‹ ȇ c h i Ġ i h h h ğ h iiûhh h i û iû i ƅbh űû ŸǴ Ž ƅ ĵŲ jĬ‹ `b j I ŴjŲ `bʼnĸšɆb ̒ `źɊjŋłųɉ‹ h ikhih ûi ğ h hiĢh h i mhiĢh h i ihh û ii h h ŧő ;j ƅİʧ `źɉźŪɆb űŹšŧŶŽ `źnZjĸȿĻɁ Ůũ jôĬ‹ ʼnŶjŠ ĵŵİʼ h û h h ĸû Ŏi P˱ h h ğ Ǎ űi hŰšû Ȭh ƅh ĵųh ķ Ĭ‹ hğ ÿŷi Ŷh Šɳ j Š ʆŠʅŏɉ‹ ˏ j Ɓ‹ Ǎj ƅbh D j j q i mğ i ğ h h hh h i û i ğ h Šh Šh h h q Cʼnjh ńŠɩh ĹŲğ = ƅj? Mĵ ȍ‹ `ǽ ĵŲb ̓ `źȡǬ j ȹ ĵųȭ ǔɿĻb h û h h kğ û Ūh ĸh Ŏh xĹųjh ǿh ƅh źû h ɉbh l Aźô ŧi hŰļh Ňĭ h j Ūi ů ū Ŧ űû Źi Ŷh ûɀhķ DŽ Ʌj K ŴjŲ ĺ i h h m h h i x h i hûh h h û h ihh ŴjŲk ĹhŽA;h jŷžû ŰŠ ^Ōŵ j = ƅźɉ `źɉźŪɆb ̔ `źŧj Űļƞ jŷžjȯ ĵųžjȯ k l i h hŦ jĬğ j Ķ i žû Ťh ûů‹ ĵųh ȫğ ? Ůû Ūi ȯh ĀjŷɅk Kğ Ŵjh Ųk űȲšh Ųh ƭj j ? Abm ŋi Şj ļŵĭ j ðj h mğ h û h k qhû h h ğ hûh mh h ųi û ɉ‹ h ŋŞj ļŶ ;h Aǰ ʼnj šȨ Ŵü Ųj ĹƧK Mĵȍ‹ ĵŶȰJ= AJ˯ ̕ ŴɆ j ğ e û h i h û h iğ i h h h m x û ğ ih h û i û ğ h `j? ôˑŋŭŲ SǦ= Ĭ‹ Ůj ũ ô ĵŶj ĻĵŽA; Ǎj ŋŭŲ űŹɉ AJj? űŹļŏɊ ğ hi h h i h h û i ik hi Ǎj űû ȱǞ ŏ ȹ dj ȑ‹ źŸ ̖ `bŋi ŭųû ȩ ĵŲh `źĸi ļi ȲhŽ ĵŶh ŰŎi Ki j û h h ûŰŧi ûů‹ Ǎ űû ļŶ ğ h û û h k h ûů‹ i Ŭi AJh ? Ʋ ŃɆ j p ŋj j ķ űŹj j ķ Ŵh Ɇŋh Łb ū j j Ģ ń ˌŋj ŅhȊ‹b ǚ j û l m m h x û i h f K ĵŹh ȩ;h ĵŁh ĵŹh ķ Aźńi ŋŦbh Ĺĸh žk Śh Fi źû ųh ɉ‹ űi Ÿ;h ĵŁh bh ťŔ j ȕ ŃɆ j j j p j h i ki ûi hğ li h h û h ŕj Űƥ h ń= űû Źi ȫğ Ɂ l Aźm ŶĠ ŝh bh `Ǿh Ųh ȁ ǻ Ĭ‹ AźŠI űŹj j ķ řžj j p j ŴjŲ ğ h ğ h i hh h û hh ûh h û h h k ih h ŋjŭɺů‹ Š Š ŭ ȍ Āj a Ŋ ɪ ŴjŲ ĵŶȽžƑ= ŴjɌů ŴŽjȐ‹ Ȕ Ŵj Ų Ŵ ȫź ŴɆ j j h û ûh û h i û h û i h û iŠ h h m ğ h h k ơ‹ h j Ũ Ǟ Ť ķ P˱ Ɓ‹ Ǎ `ź ŤĸȬ űŸ AJj? űŹƋƑ= ĵųŰŦ ̗ ˍj j j j h i Ģhh û i i û h h ğ i ğ h ĠhĢ h i h û şh Šɮh Ųğ ˌűȲ j CźŠ žh ơ‹ ŧŵ jŏ = ȇ űȲžŤȨ ĵųȫj? Mĵȍ‹ ĵŹȬɂʑ h i h i i h i i khih û i i û h hûh ğ i hû Ġ `źŰųh šû ȩ űû ļŶ Ŭ ĵųjķ űȲĴjĸȿŶȯ űȲšŁ j ŋɊ ĵŶȎj? űȪ ðĵžȫȐ‹

when Our signs a are read to them as evident explanations, those who do not expect to meet Us say, “Bringsg a recitalb other than this or change it.” Say, “It is not for me to change it of my own accord; I only follow what is revealed to me; I certainly fear, were I to disobey my Lord, the punishment of a great day.” 16 Saysg, “Had Allah willed, I would not have read it to you pl and He would not c have informed you about it, for I have certainly lived among you for a lifetime before it. Do you not reason?” 17 So who is more unjust than someone who has fabricated lies against Allah or has disbelieved in His signs? Indeed, the criminals never succeed. 18 And they worship, apart from Allah, what neither harms them nor benefits them, and they say, “These are our intercessors with Allah.” Saysg, “Are youpl informing Allah about what He does not know in the heavens or in the earth?” Highly Exalted is He and Most High above whatever theyd associate (with Him). 19 Mankind was but a single community, then they differed. And were it not for a word that had preceded from yoursg Lord, judgment would have been decreed between them regarding whatever they differ over. 20 And they say, “If only a (miraculous) sign had been sent down to him from his Lord.” So saysg, “Indeed, the hidden realm belongs to Allah, so wait pl; I am indeed with you among those waiting.” 21 And when We make mankind taste mercy after some adversity has touched them, there they are with a scheme against Our signs. Say sg , “Allah is Swifter in scheming.” Our messengers are indeed writing down what youpl schemee. 22 It is He Who transportsf youpl across land and sea until, when you are on ships, sailing in a good wind and theyg rejoice in it, a stormy wind arrives and the waves surge over them from every side and they realize that they are besieged—thereupon they call upon Allah, devoting religion to Him: “If You save us from this, we will most surely be of the thankful.” 23 But when He has saved them, there they are, committing unjustified aggression in the land. O mankind, your pl



 used is ayat (singular ayah). Ayah means ‘sign’ or ‘proof’. It is also used to denote the unit of text in the The Arabic word Qur’an, like ‘verse’ in poetry or ‘sentence’ in prose. Each such unit is considered a ‘sign’ from God. b The Arabic word used is Qur’an which literally means ‘recital’ or ‘recitation’. Qc Al-Bazzi in one of his narrations read it as: “. . . and He would have informed you about it (through someone else) . . .” Qd Hamza, Al-Kesa’i and Khalaf read it as: “. . . whatever you associate . . .” Qe Rouh read it as: “. . . what they scheme.” Qf Ibn ʻAmer and Abu Jaʻfar read it as: “It is He Who scatters youpl . . .” g A grammatical shift in from 2nd person to 3rd person. a

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m ğ h i h û h h m h h h û Ġ Š h hû i h h h ğ ;j ĵųh ŏɉ‹ ŴjŲ ŷŠɰůŌŵ= ;g ĵųŬ ĵžȫȐ‹ j Cźžơ‹ ŮĿŲ ĵųȫj? ̘ h hû i hh h û h hû û i ûh ğ i ğȍ‹ Ůi ȱ j Ɓ‹ Dĵ űi Š ɿŵƁ‹bh Mĵ įŽ ĵųjɊ P˱ ĸȫ Ājŷjķ řh Űļh ŇĭŦ mhi ûh ğ hh û hğğ h hhi û i i hû h h h mh Ģğ h ń ĵŹŰŸ= Ŵŝb ĺŶɆL‹b ĵŹȯŋŇL P˱Ɓ‹ D j ŊŇ= AJj? Ʋ h h h û h h q h h û e ûh h i û m hŠ h m h ûh h h i h û i ğh Ŧ ˊKĵŹȫ b= ƆȎ ĵŵŋɊ= ĵŹƋĻɁ ĵŹžŰŠ `bKjʼnŠɥ űŹȫɁ ĵŹh Šɰh Űšh ł hû i k h i h Šh h ûh ûğ hh q h h û Ɓĭ h Š ɶ Ŭ ō Ɋ ķ ĺ ɔ˖‹ Ů ŕ ŧ ȫ ūj ɉ Ŵ Ť ȩ űů `įŬ Aʼnžŕj ń j j ˏ j j h ğ h i ğ hhh ûh h Šh l m i û h i ğ h djʼnŹû Ɇh bh űj Š ʄŏɉ‹ jKAI Ǔj? AźŠʼnŽ Ĭ‹b ̙ `bŋŭŧļȬ ˉp źŪj ů l i h û h h ğk h û Ġ h j ǓŠ h ? ;i m ĵŒh h ȹ ŴŲh AźŶŏń= ŴŽjȓjůø ̚ ˈž j p jŪļŏŲ Qp Š ɷŔ i h h ğ h h f h xh h h h iû Š h ŏû ơ‹ ūjɌʤĢ bl = ô ĹůjJ ƅbh xǛȰ űû Źi ŸźŁi bi Ũi Ÿŋû hŽ ƅbh ð CIĵɆh jLbh ƴ l i h h h ğ h h i Š h h û i ğ hû i Š h û h AźĸŏŬ ŴŽjȑ‹b ̛ `bȒ j ɗ ĵŹžjȯ űŸ ˌjĹŶƠ‹ ĶɳŔ= ğ h m x û ih h h ğ Ŵjh Ųk űŹi ɉ ĵŲğ ð ĹůjJ űû Źi ŪŸŋû Ļbh ĵŹjh ŰĿųj j ķ ģ ĹĴh j kɀŎh ;i AŌh Łh Dĵ j nZjžk ŏɉ‹ ğ ğ i û žh jŒţû i= m ĵųh ȫğ ɂh Ŭh ˈŔȕh Ŵjû Ų jĬ‹ Ůj ûȎ‹ Ŵjh Ųk ĵšq śjh ũ űû Źi ŸźŁi bi ĺ ˌp j h i Šh h û i ğ i Šh û h h Ģhli e û i ̜ `bȒ j ɗ ĵŹžjȯ űŸ ˌjKĵȍ‹ ĶɳŔ= ūjɌʤb= ô ĵųj ŰŞŲ i h h l ih û h h ğ i ih ğ i q h û i i i ûh hûhh űû ȲŵǾŲh AźȡǨ = ŴŽjȓj ɉ ^źŪȫ űȪ ĵšžjƦ űŸǬƗ _źɆb m i imhh i h û i h i Ŭi ĵŲğ űŸi >i Ȣh Ǩ h i ^ĵh hũbh ðűû Źi Ŷh ɀû hķ ĵŶh ûŰɆğ Ōh hŦ űô û ȱ űû ļŶ >ȢǨb űļŵ= h iiûh h ğ ğ Šhh h i ü h Źőh jĬĭ `j? űû ȲŶh ûɀɅh bh ĵŶh Ŷh ûɀhķ ˊʼnž j ķ ǏŭŦ ̝ `bʼnĸšȩ ĵŵĵŽj? j ûh Ġi l i h h i i h h û h ği h ŰŧŠʀh hů űû Ȳj ĻIĵĸjŠ Ŵȭ ĵŶŬ ōp ŧȫ ȁ AźŰĸû ȩ ūj ɉĵŶh Ÿ ̞ ǻj j û h ğ h ğ h lm Ġ i h û hh û h m ğ h űi Źi Š Ƌhůźû Ɋh jĬ‹ ĵŲğ űŹi Ŷû ȭ Ůŗbh ˌŨj k ơ‹ Ǔj? AbIKb ĺ ô ŧŰŎ= ĵŲ hû h mh ğ h ih ûh l i h i ii ûh h ûi j Ɓ‹b j;ĵųŏɉ‹ Ŵjh Ųk űȲ P˱ ũLŋŽ ŴŲ Ůũ ̟ `bǛ ŧȬ Aźŵǽ h ûi hh hŠ h û û h h û ğ i û h ğh ğ h ûů‹ Fi ŋƞ Ŵjh Ų ƻ Ŵ Ų b ŋ ɻ ķ Ɓ‹ b ş ų ŏɉ‹ ūj ŰųȬ ŴŲ= j hû û k h i h h h û û û ih h žk ųh û ɉ‹ Fi ŋň k ů‹ Ŵjh Ų ĺ j j žk ųh ɉ‹ ô ŋh ɊƁ‹ ŋi j ķʼnŽ ŴŲb ƻ j j j Ɇb ĺ h i h hhh û ih iğ h i ih h h i Šh h i ğ űi Ȳj Ĭ‹ ůɶŦ ̠ `źŪļğ ȩ ƆŦ= ŮŪȯ ôĬ‹ `źɉźŪžŏŦ h h i h û i Šğ h i Šh ğ ğ k hû h û h h h h Ġ hû i i Ġ h Ļ ƭɂŦ ð ŮʄŘɉ‹ ƅj? Ũj ơ‹ ʼnšȨ AJĵųȯð Ũơ‹ űȲɅK `źŦDz h h ğ l i h h ğ hh h kh i h h û ğ h h h h ƅ űû Źi ȫɁ Aźm Ūŏh Ŧ ŴŽj ȑ‹ ȇ ūjɅK ĺųj ǿ ĺŪń ūj ɉŠɶŬ ̡

oppression is only against yourselves— (you only enjoy)a the enjoyment of the Earlier Life, then to Us is your pl return and We will inform youpl of what you used to do. 24 Indeed, the parable of the Earlier Life is but like water that We sent down from the sky, then it was absorbed by the plants of the earth—from which mankind and cattle eat—until, when the earth has put on its decorations and is adorned and its inhabitants think that they have mastered it, Our command comes upon it by night or by day and We turn it into stubble, as if it had not flourished the day before. Thus We detail the signs for people who reflect. 25 And Allah invites to the Home of Peace and guides whomever He wills to a straight path. 26 For those who have done good is the best and (even) more, and neither gloom nor humiliation overwhelms their faces. Those are the fellows of the Garden (of Paradise); therein they abide. But those who have earned evil deeds— the 27 repayment of an evil deed shall be the like of it, and humiliation overwhelms them; they will have no safeguard from Allah, as if their faces have been covered with dark patchesb of night. Those are the fellows of the Fire; therein they abide. 28 And on the day when We herd them all together, then say to those who ascribed associates (to God), “To your place, you and your associates.” Then We separatedc between them, and their associates said, “It was not us youpl used to worship. 29 So Allah is sufficient as a witness between us and youpl. Decidedly, we were indeed oblivious to your pl worship.” 30 There and then every single self experiencesd what it has previously done. And they were returnedc to Allah, their True Patron, and whatever they used to fabricate strayed away from them. 31 Saysg, “Who (else then) provides for you from the heaven and the earth? And who controls the hearing and the sight (s)? And who brings out the living from the dead and brings out the dead from the living? And who governs every matter?” So they will say, “Allah.” So saysg, “Will youpl never be mindful (of God)? 32 For that is Allah, your true Lord, so what is





All except Hafs read it as: “O mankind, your oppression against yourselves is (only) the enjoyment of the Earlier Life . . .” Ibn Kathir, Al-Kesa’i and Yaʻqub read it as: “. . . covered by the dark phase of the night.” c Frequently the Qur’an addresses the events of the hereafter in past tense; this grammatical shift should be pondered by the reader. Qd Hamza, Al-Kesa’i and Khalaf read it as: “. . . every single self reads what it has previously done.” Qa

Qb

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ûh ûi i û hû l i h û h ğ i m h h i h û űğ Ȫ Ũh ŰƢ‹ A>ʼnĸȬ ŴŲ űȲjɋȢǨ ŴjŲ ŮŸ Ůũ ̢ `źŶji ŲİiŽ i i i h i h û i Šğ h h i i i ğ i h û hû l i h û h i ğ `źŭŦİĻ ƭ ɂŦ ÿð aʼnžjšŽ űȪ ŨŰƢ‹ A>ʼnĸȬ Ĭ‹ Ůj ũ ÿô iaʼnž jšŽ ûh ûi k hû h m û h ğ i m h h i i ğ Ůiũ Ũ Ĭ‹ j ˏ j ơ‹ Ǔj? djʼnŹȬ ŴŲ űȲjɋȢǨ ŴjŲ ŮŸ Ůũ ̣ h ğ h h û h h h û ûh m ʼnŹû Ȭh Ŵųh ȯh = ˍŨk Ņ h Ǔj ? dj ŴŲğ = şh ĸh ȽiŽ `= ŨĠ ńh = Ũj k ơ‹ j Űj ɉ djʼnŹȬ h i ûh h h i h h Š h û i h m ğ m k h ğ ʼnŹȬ `= ƅj? djʼnŹj Ž ƅ ̤ `źųi ŭƕ ťžû Ŭ űû Ȳů ĵųh ȯ ðc ğ ğ ĝ h ğ û i ih û h i ğh hh h û Ŵjh Ų ƴŤû Ȭi ƅh Ŵğ Şů‹ Ũj k ơ‹ `j? ô ĵŶŝ ƅj? űŸǜȱ= şjĸȽŽ ĵŲb j h h h h h i û h ğ `ğ ? ô ĵnZe žû őh i ŰŠh Ĭ‹ AŊŠɪ `ǽ ĵŲh bh ̥ `źŰšh ŧȬh ĵųh j ķ ü űžj j h ğ h û h hŠ h ğ i hû iû i h h ŧû Ȭi `= `A Š Ǜ ;ŋŪů‹ djȑ‹ ŨŽjʼnŕĻ ŴȲ j ɧb jĬ‹ `b j I ŴjŲ c h û h ûhh û hh hûh h k ğ h ûh B j K ŴjŲ jŷžjȯ ĶɆK ƅ Ķ j Šɮjŭů‹ Ůžŕj ŧȩb jŷŽʼnŽ ǻȨ û k h i l iûh ûi iŠ hh û h i i h ûh h ųhۊɿh ûů‹ ĀjŷjŰĿjŲ p ˅Kźŏjȵ AźĻɂŦ Ůũ ðŷƊǛȯ‹ `źɉźŪȬ _= ̦ ǻ j l i û h h Ȱʼnj Š ɞh űû ļŶ i Ŭ `? jĬğ ‹ `bIi ŴjŲk űļi šû śh ļh Ŏ‹ û ŴŲh AźŠi I‹ ǻj b j j j û l i i ûh h l iğ h ûh ii û h û û h ğ h h ÿô ŷŰɆjbįĻ űŹj j ĻįŽ ĵųɉb Ājŷųj Űšj j ķ AźśžjƘ űɉ ĵųjķ AźķŊŬ Ůķ ̧ h i h h h h h i h h ȑ‹ğ Bh Ŋğ Ŭh ūjh ɉŠɶh Ŭh Ĺĸh jŪŠɢ `ǽ ťžû Ŭ ŋû ŞŵĭŦ ðűû Źj j Űĸû Ȱ ŴjŲ ŴŽj ğ û ğ û h ųjۊɾů‹ Ŵji ŲİiŽ ƅ ŴŲğ űŹi Ŷjû Ųbh Ājŷjķ Ŵji ŲİiŽ ŴŲğ űŹi Ŷjû Ųbh ̨ ǻ j h h Ġhh k ih h iğ h h ʼn jŏŧû ųi û ɉĭķ űi hŰŠû = ū ɅKb Ājôŷjķ Ǔj ŮŪȯ ]ź ķŊŬ `˯ ̩ ŴŽj j h h h úh h ih û m ğ h im h i û i i h h û i hh h h ĵŵɁb Ůųȭ= ĵųjɊ `źnZɆŋj ķ űļŵ= ðűȲŰųȭ űȲůb ǔj ųȭ h ihûh ğ k x m h h h h i h ûh ğ iû h ôūȎû j ? `źšųj ļŏȹ ŴŲ űŹŶjŲb ̪ `źŰųšȩ ĵųjɊ ;dŋj ķ h l i h h h i Ġ şi ųŏû i ȶ ĺŵ h hįhŦh= ŴŲğ űŹi Ŷjû Ųbh ̫ `źŰŪj šû Ȭh ƅ Aźŵǽ źû ɉbh űğ ŕɉ‹ j h i û i h l i h ûh h h û i û h h i h û h h hįhŦh= ū `bDz j ĸȬ ƅ Aźŵǽ źɉb ǖšů‹ djʼnŹȩ ĺŵ ô ûȎj? ŋi ŞŶŽ h ğȍ‹ Ŵğ ȲŠɧh bh ĵnZq žû őh Mĵ h ğȍ‹ űji ŰŞû Ȭh ƅh Ĭ‹ h ğ `ğ ? ̬ Mĵ j j ğ lm ihûh û ğ h h û i i i ûh h û h h û h i h ƅj? AźĿĸŰŽ űů `įŬ űŸǬƘ _źɆb ̭ `źųji ŰŞȬh űû Źi ŏh ŧŵ= l iğ h h ğ h h ûh û ihûh h ih hhh hğ h k q h h AźķŊŬ ŴŽjȑ‹ Ǫj Ň ʼnũ űô ŹŶɀķ `źŦKĵšļȬ jKĵŹȍ‹ ŴjŲ ĹŠĵŎ h ğ jmh h i ğ h ʼnļh Źû Ɋi l Aźiŵǽh ĵŲh bh jĬ‹ Ŗšû Ȩh ūŶğ Ɇh jŋŵ ĵŲ˯ ̮ ŴŽj ;ĵŪj Űjķ

there beyond the truth except misguidance? So how then are you turned away?” 33 Thus yoursg Lord’s Word a proved true against those who defiantly disobeyed: that they do not believe. 34 Saysg, “Can any of your pl associates (whom you ascribed to God) originate creation then restore it?” Saysg, “Allah originates creation then restores it, so how can they be averted (from the truth)?” 35 Say, “Can any of your associates (whom you ascribed to God) guide to the truth?” Say, “Allah guides to the truth. Is the One Who guides to the truth more worthy of being followed or the one who finds no guidanceb (for himself or for others) unless he is guided? So what is the matter with youpl? How do you judge?” 36 Thus most of them follow nothing but assumptions; indeed, assumptions avail nothing against the truth. Indeed, Allah is All-Aware of what they do. 37 And never could this Recitalc have been fabricated by anyone despite Allah. Rather, (it is) a confirmation of what preceded it and a detailed elaboration of the inscribed (decrees). There is no doubt about it— (it is) from the Lord of all realms. 38 Or do they say, “He has fabricated it”? Saysg, “Then produce a single surahd like it and call upon whomever you can apart from Allah, if you are truthful.” 39 Rather, they have disbelieved in what they could not encompass with their knowledge and the interpretation of which has not yet reached them. Thus those before them disbelieved as well, so look what the outcome was for the unjustpl. 40 And of them are those who believe in it, and of them are those who do not believe in it. And yoursg Lord knows better of the corrupters. 41 And if they disbelieve yousg, say, “I have my doing and youpl have your doing; you are innocent of what I do, and I am innocent of what you do.” 42 And of them are those who listen to yousg. But can you make the deaf hear, even if they do not reason? 43 And of them are those who look at you. But can you guide the blind, even though they do not see? 44 Indeed, Allah does not do injustice to mankind in anything, but mankind do injustice to themselves. And on the day when He herdse them, (it will be) as 45 if they had remained for only one hour of a day, getting to knowone another. Those who disbelieved



Nafieʻ, Ibn ʻAmer and Abu Jaʻfar read it as: “Words”. Hamza, Al-Kesa’i and Khalaf read it as: “. . . or the one who cannot guide (anyone) unless he is guided?” c The Arabic word used is Qur’an which literally means ‘recital’ or ‘recitation’. d Each portion of the Qur’an is called a surah, which is sometimes translated as ‘chapter’. Qe All except for Hafs read it as: “. . . when We herd them . . .” Qa

Qb

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ğ h ğhğhhh ûh û i i h f Źőh Ĭ‹ i ğ űğ Ȫi űû Źi ši Łŋû Ɋh ĵŶh ûȎh ıhŦ ū ʼnž Ŷžȯźļȫ b= űŸʼnjšŵ djȑ‹ j j j i ki h i m h h x h i h û h h Šh h űû Źi ɉźŎi Kh ;h ĵŁh AJjıŦ ð ^źŎi Kğ pĹŲğ = Ȃj j ůb ̯ `źŰšŧȬ ĵŲ ȇ û h i ihh h h û h i h j iũ Š h Ųh `ź Ʋ ɉźŪɆb ̰ `źųi ŰŞȬi ƅ űû Ÿbh řj ŏû jŪůĭjķ űŹi Ŷh ûɀhķ DŽ û i h mğ i h Ȱʼnj Š ɞh űû ļŶ i Ŭi `? ʼni Šû źh û ɉ‹ AŊh Šɪh ƿj ŧh jȍ ūj ŰɊû = ƅ Ůũ ̱ ǻj j mh h h f h h ğ i k i i ğ h m h h ğ e û h h h kq h ;ĵŁ AJj? ô ŮŁ= Ĺg Ų= Ȃj j ů ñĬ‹ ;ĵő ĵŲ ƅj? ĵšŧȫ ƅb ˊǰ h qh ûi û h h û ļh ŏû h ȹ Ɔh hŦ űû Źi iŰŁh h= n Ůũ ̲ `źɊji ʼnŪļh ŏû h ȹ ƅbh ĹŠĵŎh `bŋi ň Z j i û h û h h ğ q h h ûh eŠhh ii h h û i Š hh û û i ûh hh Ůł j šļŏȹ AJĵŲ ˊKĵŹȫ b= ĵļɱķ ÿŷķAŊŠ űȲƋĻɁ `j? űļȬ;K= h i û iû iû i ŲAh ;h şh Ȱh bh ĵŲh AJh ? űğ Ȫi Ɂh ̳ `ź hŴ˜ûů