Brain Allergies: The Psycho-Nutrient Connection Orthomolecular Medicine 0071836098, 9780071836098

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aTf.FPr.TTg THE PSYCHDNUTRIENT

CONNECTION WiUiamH.Philpott,MD. and Dwighl K. Kalitet, Ph.D

Wilh an introduction by Linus Pauling, Ph.D. and an afterword

by Roger J. Williams, PhD

i

Q S695

BRAIN

ClearMind Trainings

ALLERGIES THE PSYCHONUTRIENT CONNECTION WiUiamH.Philpott,M.DandDwightK.Kalita,Ph.D.

With an

introduction

Linus Fouling, Ph.D.

by

and an afterword

by Roger J. Williams, Ph.D In

a fascinating overview of

human

physical

and mental health, the authors offer startling evidence, most of it new, linking such seemingly dissimilar conditions as schizophrenia, diabetes, mononucleosis, psychotic depression, and many degenerative diseases namely, the allergicto one basic process addictive reaction to various foods and other substances taken into the human system. With nearly half the population of the United States subject to chronic mental and physical disease, it has become evident that the favored treatments, from psychoanalysis to drugs, are failing in their attempts to cure or prevent these conditions. Indeed, a shocking number of hospital admissions, and even deaths, result from the use of such conventional methods. Returning to the basics of the ways the human organism operates, and drawing on his own clinical experience as well as the ground-breaking work of other physicians and nutritionists, Dr. Philpott, with the aid of his coauthor, has explored and proven a new approach to a full range of diseases, and has shown that many conditions heretofore considered untreatable may be arrested or reversed by simple, natural means.

—

—

—

Dr. Philpott's work demonstrates without a doubt that the marvelous mechanism of the

human body and mind does

not want to suffer

from the host of bodily and psychic ills that assail us now. It is the constant ingestion of foods

and chemicals to which each unique individual may be in his or her own way allergic that sets up the stress situations which both produce disease conditions and undermine the body's (continued on back flap)

KENKEiES CENTER COMMERCIAL AVE. COOS BAY, OREGON 97420 790

Digitized by the Internet Archive in

2012

http://archive.org/details/brainallergiespsOOphil

BRAIN ALLERGIES

Leave your drugs

in the chemist's

can heal the patient with food! Hippocrates, the Father of Medicine

pot

if you

BRAIN ALLERGIES THE PSYCHO-NUTRIENT CONNECTION

William H. Philpott, M.D.

Dwight K.

Kalita,

Ph.D.

Foreword by Linus Pauling, Ph.D. Afterword by Roger Williams, Ph.D

Keats Publishing, Inc.

?5

New

Canaan, Connecticut

BRAIN ALLERGIES: THE PSYCHO-NUTRIENT CONNECTION Copyright

©

1980 by William H. Philpott and Dwight K. Kalita

All Rights Reserved

No

part of this

book may be copied or reproduced

in

any form without the

written consent of the publishers.

ISBN:

0-87983-224-X

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number:

79-93429

Printed in the United States of America

Keats Publishing,

36 Grove

Street,

Inc.

New

Canaan, Connecticut

06840

Dedication

This book

Those

is

dedicated

patients

who have and

their ecologic

to:

sought so hard to find answers to

nutritional problems.

Those parents

falsely accused of causing illnesses in their

children

were

that

and nutritional

ecologic

truth

in

in

origin.

Those researchers and traditional tide of

clinicians

swimming

against

the

drug palliative, symptomatic relief while

simultaneously exploring not only the mysteries of

man

maladaptively reacting to his physical environment but also the nutritional factors involved in

all

such reactions.

William H. Philpott,

This book

is

dedicated to

my

M.D.

mother, Alice, the President

of the Huxley Institute for Biosocial Research of Ohio, Inc.,

and

my

father, Arthur,

who

together as humanitarian

medical researchers believe that the intensification of biochemical research and the practice of Orthomolecular-

Ecologic Medicine presently offers the greatest potential for the prevention and amelioration of degenerative dis-

eases of

and

my

all

kinds.

It is

son, Brian,

also dedicated to

my

wife, Bonnie,

whose love and tenderness

daily create

an uplifting source of inspiration.

Dwight K.

Kalita,

Ph.D.

CONTENTS Foreword by Linus Pauling 1

NUTRIENT THERAPY

3

2 FROM A PHILOSOPHER-PSYCHIATRIST TO A TRUE SCIENTIST 3

9

HUMAN ECOLOGY AND MENTAL HEALTH

4 THE DIVERSIFIED ROTATION

15

DIET

28

5 SUPERNUTRITION AND THE

ORTHOMOLECULAR APPROACH

50

6 PROTEOLYTIC-ENZYME AND AMINO-ACID THERAPY IN DEGENERATIVE DISEASE

70

7 THE HEALING POWERS OF VITAMIN C

75

8 UNDERSTANDING THE DISEASE PROCESS

96

9 PREVENTIVE SELF-HELP

109

10 DIABETES AND HYPOGLYCEMIA: A NEW LOOK AT AN OLD PROBLEM 1 1

THE PERILS OF TOXIMOLECULAR MEDICINE: DRUG-INDUCED ILLNESSES

12 ANGELA'S CHANCE AT

LIFE:

AUTISM UNRAVELED

Appendix for Physicians References Suggested Reading Suggested Reading for Physicians Afterword by Roger Williams Index

1

15

126

136 1

47

193

198

209 219 221

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

S. Klotz,

M.D.,

American College of

Allergist, President of the

1980, deserves special mention for suggesting in

in

1970

that there

examining central nervous system maladaptive reactions

and inhalants

in

He

emotional and behaviorial disorders.

Allergists,

might be

to foods,

profit

chemicals

deserves special credit

for a positive double-blind study of provocative testing of allergies

which

provided the courage to proceed with further testing. Marshall Mandell, M.D., Allergist, has been most important application of provocative testing in emotionally

guidance

laid the

ill

patients.

in

guiding the

His valuable

foundation upon which was built a systematic evaluation of

ecologic mental illness. The double blind study of provocative testing

made by

Dr. Mandell and David King, Ph.D. has helped establish the scientific validity

of this approach.

Theron G. Randolph, M.D., and remarkable

ability

Allergist, through his meticulous observations

of correlating information laid the foundation for (1)

understanding the value and uses of provocative testing; (2) understanding the role of addiction in the degenerative disease process; (3) establishing the fact of

ecologic mental illness.

Martin Rubin, Ph.D., Biochemist, Professor of Biochemistry, Georgetown University, deserves special credit for the

initial

guidance

in

and continued

support of the laboratory role in a search for biological factors in mental illness.

His recommendation of using stress type testing to determine vitamin deficiencies

and metabolic disorders led

to

the

use of provocative testing of reactive

substances as the stressors in testing for the biology of these disorders.

Jay Shurley, M.D., Psychiatrist, Chairman of the Eco-Psychiatry Commit-

American Psychiatric Association, deserves special mention for the positive Task Force Report on "Relating Environment to Mental Health and Illness: The Eco-Psychiatry Data Base." Khaja Khaleeluddin, Ph.D., Chemist, has been most helpful in deciphering tee of the

the

meaning of laboratory

findings.

of B-6 utilization disorder and

He

the

did

much

to help discover the

significance

evidence

of disordered methionine

metabolism. William Philpott,

Dwight

Kalita,

M.D.

Ph.D.

FOREWORD One hundred

years ago

it

was

rather generally accepted that mental disease

is

associated with an abnormality in the structure and composition of the brain. In the Ninth Edition of the Encyclopedia

statement was

made

that "It

is

Britannica,

published in

universally accepted that the brain

1881, the

is

the organ

through which mental phenomena are manifested, and therefore that impossible to conceive of the existence of an insane mind (article

in a

it

is

healthy brain"

on Insanity). There then followed a period, beginning during the early

decades of the twentieth century and continuing to the present time, when the

emphasis was on the psychological explanation of mental last

few years there has been taking place another change,

illness.

During the

as a result in part of

increased information about the structure of the brain and the nature of cerebral activity.

It

is

now

recognized by leading workers

in the field that

behavior

is

determined by the functioning of the brain, and that the functioning of the brain is

dependent on

in the brain

its

composition and

psychoactive substances as

structure.

its

It is

known

that the presence

of molecules of N, N-diethyl-D-lysergamide, mescaline, or other

1799 the English

is

associated with profound psychic effects.

scientist

Humphry Davy

As

early

described various subjective

reactions to the inhalation of the gas nitrous oxide. This gas and other anesthetic agents can, in the

of course, produce general anesthesia, a pronounced change

functioning of the brain.

The proper functioning of brain of molecules of

the brain

many

is

different

known

to require the presence in the

substances.

Mental disease, usually

associated with physical disease, results from a low concentration in the brain

of any one of a number of vitamins: thiamine (vitamin B-l), nicotinic acid or nicotinamide (B-3), pyridoxine (B-6), cobalamin (B-l 2), biotin, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), and folic acid. Other substances, which are not vitamins, also affect the functioning of the brain

when

a significant

change

in their

concentra-

tion

Among

achieved.

is

these substances

glutamic acid, one of the amino

is

acids that are present in proteins.

The concept

that a

change

in

behavior and

in

mental health can result from

changing the concentrations of various substances that are normally present in the brain is an important one. This concept is the basis of orthomolecular psychiatry, a subject that

is

treated in considerable detail

Dwight K. Kalita

Philpott and Dr.

in their

general concept, also a closely related one, that substances in

book Brain is

that of

by Dr. William H.

Allergies.

The other

human ecology,

the idea

our environment can have a profound effect on mental health

and behavior. These substances may be present environment, or they

may

in

foods or

in

our natural

be introduced into the environment as a result of our

technological culture.

An

allergy

is

an exaggerated reactivity of a living organism to a foreign

substance that sometimes occurs following exposure to the substance, often

even

in a

very small amount. Allergies are sometimes highly specific, caused

by one substance and not by other closely related substances. Allergic reactions are believed to result from a combination of the molecules of the substance

causing the allergy with substances characteristic of the body of the individual person.

A

considerable amount of information has been developed about the

nature of the specific substances in a allergic

response.

human being

or animal that give rise to an

These specific substances are special protein molecules,

usually called antibody molecules.

An

exposure of a person to an allergen (a substance that can produce an

allergic response)

may

sensitize the person in such a

way

that

on

later

expo-

sures to the allergen he responds in a characteristic way, often through abnormal

behavior.

A

human being, unless it has been some unusual process of purification, consists of tens of thousands of substances of different kinds. The great majority of these substances might serve as antigens, sensitizing some people. Some allergies involve the brain, in such a way that exposure to the particular allergen results in peculiarities of vegetable or animal food eaten by a

subjected to

behavior. In this book, Brain Allergies, Dr. Philpott

discussion of this important field.

only interesting but also valuable.

I

and Dr. Kalita present a thorough

believe that

many people /

will find

it

not

*^

Linus Pauling Institute of Science and Medicine

Menlo Park,

California

—

THE PIONEERS

We

shall not travel

by the road we make;

Ere day by day the sound of Is

heard upon the stones that

We

shall

come

to

many feet now we break,

where the cross roads meet.

For us the heat by day, the cold by night,

The inch-slow progress, and

And

death

at last to

With man and beast and For them the shade of For

safe,

Yea, birthright

And Is

stone; for

trees that

smooth journey and in the

For us day-labor,

yet the road

the heavy load,

close the long grim fight

them

now we

the road!

plant,

the final goal,

Land of Covenant

travail of the soul.

is

ours as never theirs!

not one joy on us alone bestowed?

For us the master: Joy,

We

shall not travel, but

O

Pioneers:

we make

the Road.

anon.

BRAIN ALLERGIES

PLEASE READ THIS FIRST This book

is

designed as a guide to patients undergoing

professionally supervised Ecologic-Orthomolecular diagnosis

and treatment. The information also lends

self-help.

For obvious reasons,

its

to

itself

authors cannot take the

medical or legal responsibility of having the contents herein considered as a prescription for anyone. Either you, or the

who examines and treats you, must responsibility for the uses made of this book. physician

take

the

William H. Philpott, M.D.

Dwight K.

Kalita,

Ph.D.

NUTRIENT

THERAPY

Two

thousand five hundred years ago, Hippocrates, the "Father of

Medicine," said

to his students,

"Let thy food be thy medicine and thy

medicine be thy food." Moses Maimonides, the great twelfth-century physician, repeated the Hippocratic sentiment

which can be treated by

when he

diet should be treated

"No

said,

illness

by any other means." In

essence, Hippocrates and Maimonides were insisting that their students practice nutrient therapy. This type of medical therapy

physicians today, though only by a minority. There

is

being used by

is,

however,

a

rapidly developing rebirth of interest in this unique orientation, and

physicians the

all

wisdom of

around the world are beginning the "Father of

Today, nutrient therapy disciplines:

more

closely at

Medicine." is

basically

Orthomolecular Medicine and

term was coined

to look

composed of two medical Human Ecology. The first

1968 by Linus Pauling, Ph.D., twice a Nobel Prize winner. "Orthomolecular" is, literally, "pertaining to the right molein

cule." Orthomolecular physicians believe that the treatment of infectious

and degenerative diseases should be a matter of varying the

concentration of "right molecules"

ments,

amino

present in the nutritional

acids,

(i.e.,

vitamins, minerals, trace ele-

enzymes, hormones,

human body. This

belief

microenvironment of every

is

cell

etc.)

which are normally

based on the idea that the in

our body

is

extremely

important to our optimum health, and that deficiencies

in this

ment constitute

deficiencies

the

major cause of disease.

If

cell

environ-

do

develop, the concentration of the nutrients needed for optimum health

must be altered according that if

to individual needs.

each biochemically individual

cell

The assumption here

of our bodies

is

is

provided with

— 4

BRAIN ALLERGIES

the

optimum

nutrients necessary for

proper and healthy functioning,

its

then the internal environment will be at

The

list

its

optimum

will eventually

and chronic degenerative diseases

of necessary nutrients

is

the

same

for the individual,

be controlled.

for every

human

being,

amounts needed by each individual are as distinctively fingerprints. Why is this? Because the kind of food you eat,

but the relative different as

the physical, mental

ment

which you

in

and emotional

live

you experience,

stress

the environ-

and work, your unique, individually determined

soil in which your food is amount of exercise you have, grown, the type of water you all add up to determine the fact that your body is not a conglomeration of cells needing a "one for all and all for one" minimum daily

biochemical heredity pattern, the type of drink, the

You

requirement.

are

a

unique individual with unique biochemical

human

needs. If your body cells are ailing, as they do in any form of disease, the chances are

good

quately provided with the

propagate healthy

human

that

it

optimum tissues,

is

because they are not being ade-

nutrients they need to sustain

organs and

life

and

In other

in general.

words, cellular health is not based on a minimum daily requirement but on an optimum daily need determined by your own biochemical uniqueness. This

is

precisely where Orthomolecular medicine

front lines in the battle against disease.

Many

comes

are beginning to observe positive clinical results

psychiatrists,

—

nature has provided in her

beginning of

life.

By

own

when

weapons

their patients are treated at the cellular level with biological

nutrients

to the

medical men, including

structure of defense since the

Toximolecular medicine, a type of

contrast,

therapy used by the majority of physicians in our country for only the past forty years,

is the administration of drugs at sublethal levels. Drugs, of course, are alien chemicals which are not normally present in

the cellular environment of the

human body. They

man's

radically alter

biochemical-physiological internal environment and often occasion very severe and dangerous side effects. Needless to say, drugs do not halt or

prevent the disease process, especially degenerative disease; offer

symptomatic

relief,

at

best they

while the fundamental, underlying disease

process continues uninterrupted.

"The Williams, process tend to

1

basic fault of these

weapons [drugs]," writes Dr. Roger

"is that they have no

itself

.

mask

.

.

.

known connection with

the disease

Drugs are wholly unlike nature's weapons.

.

.

.

They

not eliminate it. They contaminate the environment [with side effects], create dependence on the part of the patient, and often complicate the physician's job by erasing valuable the difficulty,

internal

clues as to the real source of the trouble."

NUTRIENT THERAPY

A

example of

tragic

quilizer, for five years. to

who

One

have a masklike face and

He was is

walk

first

taking Thorazine, he began

stiffly

without swinging his arms.

in

was stopped he became psychotic.

it

Now

shaking zombie: not swinging his arms, and continuing

like a

tremor

year after to

provided by Peter, a forty-

is

took Thorazine, a phenothiazine tran-

placed on an antiparkinsonian medication and continued on

Thorazine because as soon as he

statement

this

five-year-old schizophrenic

5

both arms and legs. Today, the symptoms continue even

the Thorazine

is

removed. Peter,

to

when

has permanent parkinsonism

in short,

caused by Thorazine. Sally, another tragic example,

three years has been

is

twenty-five years old, and for

on the butyrophenone tranquilizer Haldol. Her head

to side, and her tongue moves The symptoms continue even though the

from side

jerks

tinuously.

her mouth con-

in

tranquilizer has been

discontinued. She has tardive dyskinesia caused by Haldol.

The incidence of acute evoked parkinsonism and

tardive dyskinesia

with the use of phenothiazines and butyrophenones

alarm the medical profession. iatrogenic

2

—physician-induced—

The United

illnesses further increases the concern.

States Public Health

use these drugs

continued use

if

beginning to

is

The evidence of chronicity of these Department

is

warning doctors not

to

side effects occur or be prepared to justify their

in reacting patients.

A

detailed discussion of the nature

and specific causes of some drug-induced

illnesses,

and methods by

which some have been successfully treated, is given in the appendix. Furthermore, physicians and patients alike have a right to be alarmed at the growing list of evidences of adverse and even fatal reactions

the

to

chronic use of phenothiazines.

effects as: allergic skin reactions; allergic

Consider such

bone marrow

side

reactions pro-

ducing agranulocytosis; hepatitis; and the deterioration of the conduction

system of the heart. Silent coronary death due induced (Stelazine, Thorazine and the conduction system

drug use.

when

I

may

to

a phenothiazine-

like) deterioration

of the heart's

be one of the most serious threats of prolonged

was personally

alerted to, and alarmed by, this possibility

a patient died a silent coronary death.

heart's conduction system to be deteriorated in a

Autopsy revealed her manner that has been

associated with chronic phenothiazine use, a drug she had been on for five years.

It

has been estimated that these silent coronary deaths with

demonstrable deteriorated heart conduction systems phenothiazine-tranquilized patients

may

be occurring

in

older chronic

at the

approximate

rate of one in a thousand patients. Even without absolute proof of the

accuracy of either the association or the frequency of these

silent

6

BRAIN ALLERGIES

coronaries

in

chronic tranquilized patients,

remains a subject to be

it

investigated. injectible phenothiazine tranquilizer in a controlled study

Using an

on

rats,

one researcher demonstrated a 20 percent

the corpus stratum. This experiment

shows

loss of brain cells in

the significance of a pheno-

thiazine producing destructive reaction in the brain area responsible for

parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesia. Microscopic evidence proves that occurs

this

in rats; clinical

evidence indicates that

Therefore, doctors are shouldering a

lot

it

occurs in humans.

when using

of responsibilities

phenothiazines and butyrophenones for their patients. Psychiatrists, in particular,

have been fooled by the short-term values of symptom

reduction in patients given major tranquilizers; however, they are awak-

ening to the fact that they are on the horns of a dilemma

serious as the original illness basically tive,

still

sick

itself.

That

the tranquilized patient

is,

and loaded with symptoms,

inefficient,

many

closed minds in our traditional approach to health care. in

new

is

under

even of dying. "There are

closed doors," writes Senator Harold E. Hughes,

courage and the sense to strike out

is

nonproduc-

and dependent upon others for survival; now, however, he

the threat of developing a chronic illness or

too

which the

in

of phenothiazines and butyrophenones are becoming as

side effects

directions

3

"too many

We

need the

where the old ways

have failed." After reflecting on the drug situation as

why Orthomolecular

it

really

is, it is

easy to see

physicians believe, as Hippocrates observed, that

nature's biological nutrients, a defense system used for millions of years in the battle against all

forms of disease, are far more reliable and more

time-proven than the relatively recent drug-therapy fads that have swept the

modern world. This

degenerative diseases. the population in

It

is

particularly true in our battle against the

is

unfortunately true that a few years ago,

one year swallowed

1 ,542,000 pounds of tranquilizers, 836,000 pounds of barbiturates and 4,037,000 pounds of penicillin; yet 93 million of 213 million people in the United States (almost half the

population!) statistics get

suffer from some form of degenerative disease. These worse every year. Obviously, symptomatic drug therapy is

not getting at the heart of the nation's health problems.

The other equally important

side of nutrient therapy is called Ecology, which scientifically examines man's environment in order to discover sources of environmentally produced illness. The word

Human

"environment"

here used in a very broad sense: it includes every chemical and food with which a person may come in contact. According is

NUTRIENT THERAPY

to this concept,

the field of allergies

much

is

larger than

7

traditional

immunologists have claimed. There are many maladaptive, allergic-like reactions, including central-nervous-system reactions, that fest

antibody formation and, therefore, do not

narrow definition of Clinical

ring

on exposure

—

do not mani-

immunologisfs

a

is

more

inclusive term and includes

—

mal-

all

physical, mental, emotional or otherwise

any substance

to

the

allergy.

Ecology

adaptive reactions

fit

— occurAs

a food, chemical or pollutant.

group of susceptibel patients were subjected

to ecologically

a

oriented

methods, evaluations and diagnosis, the following progressive

testing

levels of reactions

were recorded:

bronchitis,

(rhinitis,

allergies); (2) acute

gia, neuralgia

systemic effects (headache, fatigue, myalgia, arthral-

and other generalized physical syndromes); and

mental effects (confusion, other advanced

depression,

delusions,

studied by

(3) acute

and

hallucinations

and behavioral abnormalities).

cerebral

symptoms were

chronic

(1) acute localized physical effects

asthma, eczema, and gastrointestinal and other

When

these

means of comprehensive environ-

mental control, clinically induced reexposures to the incriminating substances gave predictable

results.

was during

the

course of these

dominant role of chemical and food

clinical experiences that the

gies in producing

It

aller-

"ecologic" physical and mental illnesses became

apparent. Physicians discovered that they were indeed dealing with the etiology

—

the root causes

why

But

—of many of

their patients' illnesses.

are the majority of physicians in our country oriented

in medicine? An answer comes in from the hearing before the Select Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs of the United States Senate, held on June 22, 1977:

toward the Toximolecular approach part

Senator George McGovern: Achieving recognition of the relationship between nutrition

and [mental] health

scientific thinking

very

is still

much

a struggle. Established

remains weighted against those few scientists and

who are striving to understand the complex links between the we consume and how we think and behave as individuals. For example, newly appointed Mental Health Commission has no member with

practitioners

food the

experience distressing.

in this vital area.

...

If further

I

find this oversight both surprising and

research

is

undertaken along a nutritional line

we

could find that a significant number of mental health problems could be cured or prevented by better nutrition.

Senator

McGovern

to

.

.

.

Mike Lesser, M.D.: You

50 percent of our hospitals' beds are

filled

referred to the fact that

some

with individuals suffering from

8

BRAIN ALLERGIES

schizophrenia. With the methods to the

we

are

now

we

using are

not simply adding

burden of the hospitals and perpetuating a system of therapy

ToximolecularJ that

may

help the drug industry but really

[i.e.,

not dealing with

is

problem?

the basic

Dr. Lesser:

1

we

believe

are.

providing symptomatic relief

I

believe that

and control

the basic cause. Tranquilizers

is

the situation.

came out

We

moment and

at this

are just

not getting

at

Fortunately or

in the fifties.

unfortunately, for the treatment of mental illness, tranquilizers are drugs, and therefore patentable substances. In other words, a pharmaceutical house can

receive an exclusive

monopoly

to

believe, ten years. This allows the

This detail

money pays for research into men to visit physicians who

in this

country

is

It

that particular substance for,

company

to

make money

I

off of that drug.

also pays to hire

further use of drugs.

It

are treating patients,

and every physician

currently visited by detail

drug discoveries. ... Federal

produce

men who

tell

him about

the latest

also pays for the testing necessary in order to receive

Government approval

to use those drugs.

.

.

.

Vitamins

are not patentable substances. Nutrients are available in nature

[all

nutrients]

and no one

can patent them.

Senator Schweiker: The

had

FDA

Dr. Lesser: The physicians

ban them a year and a half ago.

to treat disease.

We

medical school are taught to use drugs, not

it

elements,

is

more

effective than Toximolecular therapy

recognizes that a healthy body

depend for

cells

to prescribe various drugs

4

Indeed, nutrient therapy

because

in

Hours are spent teaching physicians how

nutrients.

all

tried to

to fight that.

amino

is

their very existence

acids,

based on healthy

cells.

And

on vitamins, minerals, trace

enzymes and so on,

the

nutrients

used by

Orthomolecular-Ecological physicians. The simple truth is that our country needs physicians who are interested in curing and preventing the causes of disease rather than merely in symptomatic treatment and relief. If

we

fail at this task,

then the medical field will not be the third

largest industry in our country as

tragedy occurs, and

2000, then

it

statistical analysis

will take the entire

it

is

today, but the largest. If this

suggests

it

well might be by the year

Gross National Product

existence! Nutrient therapy, on the other hand,

prevention-oriented and, as current medical crisis.

we

shall

is

to support its

a safe, economical,

see, effective alternative to our

FROM A PHILOSOPHER-PSYCHIATRIST TO A TRUE SCIENTIST

One must be taught

to suspect,

suspect, he does not

test,

does not know.

and

for

if

if

1950

I,

test,

he

1

H.

In

one does not

he does not

J.

Rinkel

along with a dozen other senior medical students, attended a

presentation by Alfred Rouse,

M.D., an

allergist.

He

presented the case

woman who became anxious when given a specific food. Then he asked, "What is the diagnosis?" had taken medicine with the express of a

I

purpose of becoming a psychiatrist and prided myself on having learned

Drawing on

the methods I had been taught, I gave Rouse rejected this and to my surprise maintained almost pleadingly that an allergic reaction was involved. All I obtained from this experience at the time was that he did not appreciate my diagnostic ability. No other instructors were telling me that food

psychiatric diagnosis.

the answer: anxiety neurosis. Dr.

make people anxious and depressed

reactions could cal

and mental symptoms.

about

it

In

I

set this

episode aside in

or have other physi-

my mind

and forgot

until years later.

1952

M.D., had

I

was

a first-year resident in psychiatry. Walter Alvarez,

book entitled The Neuroses. As a fledgling was interested in learning from this honored,

just written a

psychiatrist, naturally

I

successful internist of the

Mayo

Clinic.

To my

surprise, he devoted

several pages to describing headaches, dulling of the brain and other

emotional reactions as precipitated by allergies to certain foods. None of

my

psychiatry instructors had pointed out to

toms related

to

allergic

reactions

to

me

any cases with symp-

foods or chemicals.

In

fact,

I

BRAIN ALLERGIES

10

thought Dr. Alvarez wasn't very wise, that as an internist he didn't

know enough about judgment. After

set his ideas aside

I

nothing

and

psychiatry,

wasn't

it

he had

that

made an

error

in

the hostility for father, mother, brother,

uncle that caused the headache, depression or mental confu-

sister or

sion?

all,

my

in

training

was

because they did not seem

me

telling

So again,

otherwise.

Certainly

true. I

forgot the

entire matter until years later. In

my

1966

friend Joseph

Wolpe, M.D., sent me a copy of a paper

Theron G. Randolph, M.D., which had been presented at a medical meeting in London. Dr. Wolpe knew that I was interested in tracing possible organic factors in mental illness and suggested that I by

allergist

might be interested

in

To my amazement,

the paper.

Dr.

Randolph

described the following as occurring during allergy food tests administered to patients: mania, depression and, indeed,

my

and schizophrenic symptoms which

all

the classic neurotic

patients manifested.

My

re-

sponse toward the contents of the paper was "incredible, impossible!"

None of my

patients

seemed

clear to

related

to

was

the paper,

were reacting

at the

that

I

to

foods and chemicals. Instead,

it

time that their symptoms were, by and large,

more immediate

deficiencies that attitude

me

life

circumstances, or sometimes due to

could demonstrate by laboratory examinations.

some day, when

but during that period of

my

life

it

My

would restudy didn't seem all that

had plenty of time,

I

I

important. In

Food

1970,

at the

advice of S. Klotz, M.D.,

I

read a book entitled

Allergy by Rinkel, Randolph and Zeller. This book claimed that

after four

days of fasting, foods could be clinically assessed on an

induction-test basis

with

symptoms disappearing during a period of when tested with meals of single

four days' avoidance and reappearing

foods. Headache, depression, feeling drugged, insomnia, tension, hallucinations, delusions, paranoia, catatonia, etc.,

been observed during induction food

were described as having

1

testing.

Herbert Rinkel, M.D., the senior author, had a personal experience

which led him to examine closely the possibilities of symptom formadue to foods. At the allergy clinic some of the staff had prepared

tion

him to

a birthday cake. Within a

the

floor,

happened.

unconscious.

He was

few minutes of eating a piece of it he fell he came to, he asked what had

When

curious enough to assess the contents of the angel-

food cake and discovered

that the

not eaten during the past four days

egg a day because

only food

it

contained which he had

was egg. He usually

his parents lived

ate at least

one

on a farm and supplied him with

FROM

eggs; however,

free

A PHILOSOPHER-PSYCHIATRIST TO A TRUE SCIENTIST

he had run out of eggs four days before.

//

He

discovered that he was able to reproduce the unconscious state he had

experienced by avoiding eggs for four days and then allowing himself a

him

single exposure. This experience led

food to symptoms revealed I

to

examine the relationship of

in all his patients.

then studied Allergy of the Nervous System by Frederic Speer,

M.D., an

allergist at the University

of Kansas. The book pulls together

evidence from allergy and neurological literature indicating that emotional

and neurological symptoms have been observed and recorded 1920s.

since the classic

The book gives case

histories of patients

with the

psychotic states that psychiatrists diagnose as schizophrenia.

Through the years I encountered works by Drs. Rowe, Duke, Crowe, Kennedy, Davidson, Alvarez, Clark, Rinkel, Randolph, Mandell and a number of others, describing emotional and neurological reactions as responses to selective exposure of foods and chemicals. say,

I

didn't

How

could

I

wrong and that they just know enough about psychiatry? After reading the overwhelming

asked myself, that

evidence,

developed the conviction

I

reactions into account in prejudice, speak for

"We

these doctors were

all

my

that

diagnoses, and

I,

let

should take these

too,

the evidence, rather than

itself.

doctors," writes Dr. Alvarez, "are the most stubborn

the world!

Many

lot in

doctors are so stubborn as to think that a fact can't be 2

was taught to take symptoms, espelife, examine cially in terms of content, and from this deduce their cause, based on the doctrine that the mind can influence the body and that unhealthy emotions can result from disturbed interpersonal relationships and stressful incidents in the patient's life. I was also taught that psychiatry encompasses the broad spectrum of behavioral needs. Historically, it is true if they

were not taught

it

in

medical school."

a history of a psychiatric patient's

as strongly rooted in philosophy as

it

is in

extent diagnoses are based on clusters of

cause.

I

his

To a symptoms and not on

physical science.

great their

The depressed, anxious and phobic person The delusional, perceptually distorted, hallucinating and conis

diagnosed as

neurotic.

is diagnosed as psychotic and usually labeled with the term "schizophrenic." Psychiatry's strong philosophical bias leads to the

fused person

basic assumption that, with rare exceptions, these neurotic and psychotic It

is

symptoms stem from

the emotions of a biologically intact person.

clearly understood that a range of

symptoms may have organic causes, that the majority of behavioral

minor and major behavioral

but the underlying concept remains

problems do not

arise

from these organic

— BRAIN ALLERGIES

12

causes but rather from an assortment of conflicts, hostilities, guilt,

dependencies, personality immaturities, and so forth. This bias toward philosophical causes has created a situation in which the majority of

behavioral problems are not seriously subjected to a differential diagnosis

based on a

full

range of organic causes.

There are models of psychosis, such as symptoms induced by LSD or amphetamines; however, we know that in most cases our schizophrenic patients have not been taking LSD or amphetamines, and therefore

we

say this

same as, to which

is

only a model psychosis

The question

the real thing. a person

is

— something

arises: If

reacting maladaptively,

same way

specific disorder in the

is

it

or amphetamine-

induced illness? Allergists are giving us evidence that that the substances involved are the

the chemicals he

commonly

feasible

encounters. Thus

and worthwhile; we must conclude to

turn

it

this is true,

and

foods the patient frequently eats and

allergist-ecologist that induction allergy tests

and be able

but not the

the substances

possible to treat his

we would LSD-

as

like,

we know

on and turn

it

we

are learning

from the

on psychiatric patients are induce a symptom more impressive than

that to

off

is

philosophical reasoning. It

in

became evident

to

me

medicine

that

at large

has been negligent

examining the ecologic-organic evidence of food and chemical

gies as causes in both physical and mental illness. allergy examination speciality

on a broad spectrum

and especially

in

psychiatry.

aller-

In fact, ecologic

is

not taught to doctors in any

I

began

to realize

that

there

needs to be added to the patient's history, physical examination, and laboratory diagnosis a broad-spectrum ecologic diagnosis, tient as

This

is

he a

is,

i.e., the

pa-

defective or otherwise, reacting to his total environment.

basic

building block of preventive

medicine.

If

such

an

ecologic examination for food and chemical allergies were introduced into the basic practice of medicine,

half of the so-called

would revolutionize diagnosis and

—

and my experience bears this out "psychosomatic" reactions are in reality

treatment. According to Randolph

more than

it

undiagnosed allergic reactions. Doctors do not know

have not been taught

how

to

this

make such an examination;

because they

thus, the causes

of these reactions have remained a mystery to them. Psychiatry offers

them the psychosomatic explanation, and because it is true that the mind can influence the body, it is assumed that this is what is happening, without making a reasonable differential diagnosis which could prove whether that is in fact the case. Now, however, a method is available by which we may watch the symptoms leave by avoidance and emerge on

FROM A PHILOSOPHER-PSYCHIATRIST TO

exposure. Therefore,

and more

we

immediate

in

A TRUE SCIENTIST

13

are in a position to engage less in clinical diagnosis

guesswork and management of the spe-

cific allergic reactions.

In his foreword to Dr. F. Speer's Allergy of the

Nervous System,

Dr. Alvarez describes a personal experience which parallels Dr. Rinkel's 3

As

young man, Dr. Alvarez made a trip lasting several days into the mountains and on his return was very hungry. He ate an entire boiled chicken. In a few hours he developed severe diarrhea, his brain was so dulled he could not read with comfort, allergic response to eggs.

a

and he suffered visual hallucinations of a strange new world of many

These symptoms lasted for four days, then disappeared.

colors.

Walter Alvarez had been taken

to a psychiatrist in this acute state

If

of

mental disorder, what would the diagnosis have been? Schizophrenia, almost certainly

—and no

psychiatrist

would have thought

to relate his

eating of chicken to the symptoms. Fortunately for him, he did not go to a psychiatrist.

As

young

a

he had pieced together the relation-

internist

ship between chicken allergy and his symptoms; he stopped eating

He became one

chicken.

cians; but if he

of America's efficient and honored diagnosti-

had continued

to eat chicken,

week, he might well have been

sitting

in

even as much as twice a the back

ward of

a state

hospital, subject to visual hallucinations, unable to read, and afraid of

the world.

is," he writes,

"that the psychiatrist and the

4

would

like to

Dr. Alvarez who, diet

it

should work together for the solution of their more difficult

allergist

problems." I

"Certain

on a rotation

submit to you that there are thousands of people

if

they would omit from their diet, or space

basis, foods to

which they are symptom

like

in their

reactive,

could be socially and professionally efficient, honored and successful, but who,

if

they continue frequent contact with these foods, can

life passing them by. "A number Howard Rapaport, 5 "have documented the many mental symptoms

psychotic, with writes

become

of other allergists,"

and behavioral problems gies. If

that are

caused by food additives and food

aller-

mental illness caused by allergies were recognized more, and

emotional factors not always sought to explain mental disturbances, a great deal of time and

money could be

saved, and patients' mental conditions

eliminated. There are millions of patients enduring needless suffering." I

testing

believe

it

is

time to sort out such people by allergy induction

and give them a chance.

It is

my

conviction that diagnoses such

as "schizophrenic," "manic-depressive," ic,

and other psychotic, neurot-

or psychosomatic labels are relatively meaningless and tend only to

14

BRAIN ALLERGIES

aggravate the tant.

We

illness.

It

is

the underlying organic cause that

is

impor-

should be diagnosing paranoia caused by a wheat allergy,

dissociation as a manifestation of a sensitivity to eggs, catatonia as a

manifestation of mold or hydrocarbon allergy, and so forth, according to

people's specific reactions to individual foods, chemicals and inhalants.

We

psychiatrists need to scrap our archaic

psychiatric diagnosis.

In

method of philosophical-

general medical practice today,

we

doctors

examine cause-and-effect relationships, such as pneumonia being caused by a specific organism and treatable by a specific antibiotic to which the organism is susceptible. It is my observation and belief that psychiatric diagnosis and treatment can be subjected to the same kind of scientific

study the rest of medicine utilizes in diagnosis and treatment. Induction allergy testing, rather than deductive reasoning, that will

I

believe,

is

the

method

allow psychiatrists to function not as philosophers but as true

scientists.

HUMAN ECOLOGY AND MENTAL HEALTH

Hans Selye taught us

that chronic stress, physical or emotional, leads to

Of

chronic illness, physical or emotional.

mankind, the linked ones of greatest

intensity

allergic

the

many

stresses that plague

and addiction reactions are of the

and most prolonged, and therefore are frequently

central causes of physical or emotional

symptoms,

either temporary or

chronic.

to

The extent and nature of such stresses vary markedly from person person. The individual's ability to handle toxins, pollens, foods and

chemicals contracted from the environment differs considerably according to his unique chemical

inheritance,

enzyme

otherwise, the

on exposure

more

to

makeup. The more defective

his ability,

by

deficiency, malnutrition, harbored infection or

likely a person

is

to

develop maladaptive symptoms

food and environmental contacts. Our peculiar cultural

preferences for eating only a few types of foods, heavy consumption of refined carbohydrates and the chronic use of alcohol and tobacco add

materially to a developing state of nutritional deficiency with

sponding multiple-symptom production

in

its

corre-

our body-tissue systems. Also,

our nation's propensity to consume nutritionally deficient "junk foods" further increases the defective tissue states in the

defective tissue

without

states

undermine an individual's

symptom formation

we choose

toxic, allergic, allergiclike, or maladaptive

is

to

handle

to call these reactions

immaterial.

The

signifi-

formation occurs between the

symptom human organism and its environmental

cant facts are: (1) reaction by intact

inability

the contacts he has with toxins, pollens,

foods and chemical fumes. Whether

relatively

human body. These

contacts; (2)

these reactions are consistent and therefore reproducible by anyone

who 15

BRAIN ALLERGIES

16

follows the

known

rules

symptoms;

for evoking

(3)

the greater the

defectiveness of the organism, the greater the likelihood of such mal-

adaptive reactions occurring; and (4) any system that favorably

im-

proves the state of tissue health or general homeostatic state of the

organism by specific means (better nutrition, avoidance of incriminated substances, enzyme therapy or meganutrient therapy) reduces the occurrence of these undesirable reactions and

is,

therefore, valid as a meth-

odology. In a total context of

symptom

how

causes,

important are these

maladaptive food and chemical reactions? Theron Randolph, M.D., initially trained in

to

both internal medicine and allergy, considers that 60

70 percent of symptoms diagnosed as psychosomatic are

undiagnosed maladaptive reactions

My own

practice as a psychiatrist has

shown

that for

unselected emotionally disturbed patients, there that

the

majority developed major

in

fact

chemicals and inhalants.

to foods,

is

250 consecutive,

convincing evidence

symptoms on exposure

to

their

commonly consumed foods and frequently encountered chemicals. The highest percentage of symptom formation occurred in those diagnosed as psychotic.

Ninety-two percent of those classified as schizophrenic

developed symptoms as maladaptive reactions

to foods and chemicals; 64 percent manifested symptom formation on exposure to wheat; 51

percent manifested

symptom formation on exposure to mature corn symptom formation on exposure to

products; and 51 percent manifested

pasteurized whole cow's milk. Approximately 75 percent of the schizo-

phrenics manifested

symptom formation

10 percent of this

to tobacco;

group became grossly psychotic, with a paranoid reaction being the most common type of symptom formation in tobacco psychosis. Approximately 30 percent developed symptoms on exposure to petro-

chemical hydrocarbons.

Some

of the reactions

in this

group were so

severe as to precipitate suicidal attempts or delusions.

The emotional symptoms evoked on exposure to foods and commonly met chemicals range from mild central-nervous-system symptoms such as weakness, dizziness, blurred vision, anxiety and depression, to gross psychotic

symptoms such

as

catatonia,

dissociation,

delusions and visual and auditory hallucination.

schizophrenic

observed in a

symptom described

in the

250

in the

I

do not

paranoid

recall

any

medical literature that was not

patients tested; gross psychotic

symptoms occurred

very high percentage.

The group extent.

also displayed physical reactions to an even

Headaches, dizziness, unsteadiness,

greater

inability to read or write,

HUMAN ECOLOGY AND MENTAL HEALTH

neuritis,

myalgia, arthralgia, tension, hyperactivity, weakness, sleepi-

insomnia, tachycardia,

ness,

17

hypertension,

many many

hypotension,

diarrhea,

gastritis,

itching,

hives,

colitis,

psoriasis,

constipation,

seborrhea and

other such reactions were observed.

Cereal-grain psychosis Henry, seventeen years old, had been mentally

ill

for three years. Prior

use of tranquilizers, psychotherapy and electric shock did not succeed in

He

helping him appreciably.

him, and he often had

to

on innocent children and

believed that people were out to

adults.

He was

placed on a fast from

and given spring water only. He remained mentally day,

at

which time

his

kill

be placed under restraint because of his attacks

symptoms

cleared; he

ill

all

until the

foods fourth

was released from

his

He telephoned his parents, saying, "I love you. Please come me." On the fifth day of the fast he was fed a meal of wheat

restraints.

and see

only. Within an hour, he began to feel strange and unreal; within an half, he thought people were going to kill him. He telephoned his parents again, saying, "I hate you. You caused my illness. I don't want to ever see you again." Further testing confirmed the fact that when specific foods were withheld, his symptoms cleared, and when given wheat again the same paranoid reaction occurred consistently. This was one of the early cases of my clinical ecology studies of

hour and a

central-nervous-system reactions to foods.

How

could

it

be with

years of psychiatric specialty training and experience that

I

all

my

had never

heard of or seen a case of paranoid schizophrenia caused by a specific

food? What was

new cereal-grain psychosis? It was diffiwas a case of paranoid schizophrenia produced

this strange,

cult to admit, but here

"by bread alone." Moreover,

the illness could clearly be reproduced

and observed by anyone who followed the regimen of four days off

wheat followed by a meal of wheat only. At this stage of my experiall I could honestly do was admit it was so, and admit the validity

ence,

of those allergist-ecologists

who

reported observing such reactions while

test-exposing patients to foods. Later,

I

was encouraged by

the fact that

were experiencing similar reactions in their patients. F. C. Dohan, for example, observed in a study published in 1973 that there were a substantially significant group of schizophrenics whose symptoms

others

relate to reactions to cereal grains. Schizophrenics sufficiently

locked

in a

ward,

who had

cereal grains and dairy products

ill

to

be

removed

18

BRAIN ALLERGIES

from

diets,

their

were compared with a similar, equal-sized group

allowed cereal grains and milk. Those with cereal grains and dairy products removed from their diets were released from the ward in half the time required for those not so treated.

secretly

added

When

to their diets, these patients again

gluten from wheat

became

was

ill.

Another Jesus Christ? Karl had been under treatment for paranoid schizophrenia; tranquilizers

had been used with only

partial success. Periodically,

he thought he was

He was afraid someone would would take the boy and run away from other people. During these episodes, he would suddenly fear that he would hurt his son and would quickly give the child to whoever was nearby. The morning of his first day in the hospital he exhibited his usual symptoms; however, he also complained of smelling gas. Based on my psychiatric training, I reasoned that this was another of Karl's delusions. Jesus Christ and that his father was God. injure his small son; consequently, he

I

had seen many schizophrenics

who

said they smelled various things;

always assumed their ideas to be delusions. But by now, ecological experience had training.

began

I

made me question

the validity of

to look for a source of gas, for

I

knew

my my

that

I

clinical-

medical

any person

with a lowered biochemical homeostasis with a prior record of maladaptive allergic reactions to either foods or chemicals would be

more

much

sensitive to the incriminating substance or substances than,

example,

I

the substance in the environment long before

turned out that across from his

It

for

would. Therefore, he or she would recognize the presence of I

would.

room was

a

dumbwaiter going

to

Around the corner from his room was a stairway and to my I opened the door to the stairway, surprise I, too, smelled gas. They had just cooked breakfast on a gas range below. He was right! He did smell gas; his hypersensitivity at detecting the presence of natural gas was acute because he was allergic the kitchen below.

leading to the kitchen.

to this substance. I

placed him in another

other pollutants.

He was

room which was

also put

on a

fast,

free

from any gases or

drinking spring water only.

I asked him about his symptoms. On the morning of the fourth symptoms were gone. took him to our allergy-test room and, without telling him the substance I was using, placed drops of auto-

Each day

day

his

I

HUMAN ECOLOGY AND MENTAL HEALTH

19

exhaust-fume extract under his tongue for quick absorption into his system. In about two minutes or so he announced to me that he was Jesus Christ.

When

C0 2

I

gave him 100 percent oxygen

this did not help,

I

to breathe for five minutes.

added a small amount of

C0

2

oxygen;

to the

improves the body's use of oxygen. After about two minutes of

breathing oxygen and carbon dioxide, he announced that he was not Jesus Christ. I

had turned off

his delusion

by arranging for the avoidance of

contact with petroleum products; then,

exposed him

within minutes.

when he was symptom-free,

I

exhaust-fume extract which induced the symptoms

to

again turned the delusion off, this time through the

I

detoxifying effect of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

The fundamental cause

of the psychotic delusion was no longer a mystery.

His history revealed that three years before, propane-fueled fork truck

come by

in

while driving

a

an apple warehouse cooler, he was over-

fumes from the truck, fell to the floor, and was revived by emergency oxygen. It was after this that he developed his psychosis, the

and these attacks had always coincided with

He

the apple cooler.

his driving the fork truck in

fumes

also reacted to several foods, but only gas

made him delusional. It was waxed his crew-cut hair, he

significant that,

on one occasion

when he

went crazy. People who are very coming

literally

sensitive to petrochemical hydrocarbons have to avoid items

from petroleum sources: candles, waxes, sprays, fresheners, perfumes, certified food coloring, exhaust fumes, whitened cane sugar and anything else derived from or contaminated by petrochemical hydrocarbons.

my

patients react to various chemicals

Some

react to the insecticide spray resi-

Approximately one-third of

common dues on

to our environment.

fruits

and vegetables and thus must eat

have not been sprayed by insecticides

if

fruits

and vegetables

they are to remain sane.

that

Some

react to preservatives and additives in foods; others react to the non-

caking substance

was

the

number

in table salt

and have to use sea

salt.

Another surprise

of people reacting to chlorinated water; several developed

ulcerated colitis.

I

had never heard of chlorine as a cause of either

ulcerated colitis or psychosis, but

my

empirical observations

made me

a

believer.

There were many other patients who manifested a variety of severe maladaptive reactions to foods and chemicals.

A

twenty-year-old para-

noid schizophrenic became symptom-free by the fourth day of a fast on spring water only.

When

test

smoking

and delusional and defied anyone

to

a cigarette he

come

near him.

became It

disoriented

took four

men

to

20

BRAIN ALLERGIES

subdue him and place him in a seclusion room. He had been well until two years before when he began smoking. A fifty-two-year-old woman with a neurotic depression was tested for wheat. She developed a stiff neck and tightness in the chest and throat; even worse, she felt like hitting or punching someone. She was so frightened she might act on these compulsive urges that she went to a room by herself until the reaction subsided.

A

twelve-year-old boy diagnosed as hyperkinetic had the following

became overtalkative and physically violent, had excessive saliva, was very hot, developed a severe stomach-ache, and cried for a long time. Watermelon made him irritable and depressed; cantaloupe made him aggressively tease other patients. Once he avoided the incriminating substances in his diet, his hyperkinesis symptoms diminished dramatically.

symptoms on

testing for spinach: he

Pineapple evoked

irritability,

blocking of thought, dizziness, and a

severe headache in a thirty-six-year-old psychoneurotic

woman. Or-

anges made her violently angry, and she fought with her son; her mind functioned so poorly she could hardly carry on a conversation. Rice

brought on uncontrollable giggling followed by crying.

A

four-year-old boy diagnosed as hyperkinetic had a variety of

made him

reactions. String beans

hyperactive, and he wanted to fight

with everyone. Celery gave him a severe stomach-ache, after which he cried and

became grouchy. Strawberries made him angry and hyperac-

tive

and caused a great deal of coughing. Unrefined cane sugar caused

him

to

be

A

irritable, after

which he coughed and developed a

forty-year-old schizophrenic

test for

woman

responded

stuffy nose.

to a sublingual

petrochemical hydrocarbons using glycerinated exhaust fumes

by trying to find a way to kill herself. She had a history of attempting suicide by opening the door of the car while her husband was driving and trying to jump out. She would act normally when starting on a ride, but within a few minutes she would try to hurl herself from the car and have to be restrained by her husband. He later discovered the car had a faulty exhaust system,

A

which had been leaking fumes

twelve-year-old boy becomes

tested for bananas. if to hit

listless

into

its

Then he became aggressive and picked up

another patient.

When

interior.

and depressed, and cried when

he ate oranges, he sang

a stick as

at first

but then

became very tired, impatient, and eventually wild and aggressive. Rice caused him to experience a sensation of heat, followed by rebellious hyperactivity. I

could go on and on with case histories that reveal the evidence

that objectively

HUMAN ECOLOGY AND MENTAL HEALTH

21

observed induction testing of foods and chemicals

re-

veals the cause-and-effect relationship between maladaptive reactions to

foods and chemicals and psychotic aggressive behavior, as well as

numerous other physical and central-nervous-system

move

us for a minute

directly

cerebral central-nervous-system-allergy patient. Here

count of the horror experienced by one of

Mary

of misery and mental anguish.

I

guess

To

the

it's

feel fine

enough

way

my

real is

a firsthand ac-

patients during a lifetime

me

that frightened

me

so much.

one minute and the next have the world crumbling around you anyone. What had

to scare

endocrinologist suggested psychological. dollar visit to

I

done

I

let

world of a

writes:

suddenly came over

it

reactions. But

the subjective,

into

could control

to bring this it,

because

it

on myself? really

must

is

An all

be

He suggested that see a psychiatrist. Imagine: a seventya specialist who says, "It's really all in your head and you I

should see a psychiatrist."

had no way of knowing

I

different

that this

Household chores became

usual.

November was going to be any that I seemed much more tired

from any other November except

soon became the

initial

step that led

me

to

than

supper alarm

walking into the walls, tripping

over familiarly placed furniture, and a sick feeling

What was going

My

a sheer act of will.

in the pit

of

my

stomach.

become of me? Finally the horror would come. And so, insidiously, would a feeling of sweeping closeness. It was getting very warm. My dry lips were aware of my hot and cold clammy face and hands. My eyes would experience a flashing strobe-light sensation. Here, it was coming, shallow at first, as if to gain one's composure. Then, it came more rapidly and a little more frantic. "I can't breathe please, God, someone help me. I'm going to pass out. My arms and legs are going weak with needles and pins. My to

.

.

heart

is

Please,

.

pounding and

God

.

.

.

.

.

.

my

air, a

rapid pulse

is

a chair to

to reestablish reality!" It's finally over,

by an unknown experience

me

in a

rush on

explanation for

my way all

that

bulging over 120 beats per minute.

down a while, a few minutes am exhausted. Exhausted would wake me out of a sound sleep or catch

window,

to lunch.

sit

and

I

Where would

I

find the answer, the

this?

"Well, dearie, you were six doctors.

They were

asked about

my

just

meant

to be a big girl," said the first

referring, of course, to

my

When my

weight problem.

blood pressure dropping from 120/80

to

80/40 or

pulse soaring from 80 beats per minute to 120 to 140, their reply would be:

"We

really don't understand

low blood pressure and the

resultant rapid

pulse."

Was

it

really true that

God had

intended

me

to

be

fat

and miserable

— BRAIN ALLERGIES

22

Was

both?

my

this really

bag of rocks

to carry?

Who

me

William Philpott, the psychiatrist.

to Dr.

Why

could sympathize

my November

with such an unglamorous, boring plight? But then

introduced

not a psychiatrist?

Everything had failed miserably.

guy

Is this

for real?

asked.

I

What do you mean, he wants

know what

to

How come he doesn't ask me about my foods am and my two loving parents who struggled all their marriage, perfectly happy lives in order that "me and mine" might have a better time of it? How possible that he understands my dire exhaustion or my passing feeling of is my

eating in

I

diet?

it

which

self-destruction

my

from

resembles

my

It

schedule:

show

I

and nervous about everything, on edge, impatient

totally jangled

I

feel the best

was going

the effect,

if

to effect relief

that this doctor's inventory question sheet

nervous system?

four-day fast," he says, "will find you feeling

"Dr. Philpott,

my

is it

I

have

felt in

much

better."

"how do you

amazingly enough! "This morning," he asks,

did,

way

times seemed to be the only

diary: afraid

and suffering from a

"A

at

How

nightmare?

feel?"

years." Dr. Philpott outlined

to be tested for food allergy

any, a particular food had on

my

and hopefully

it

would

system rather than

entire

meantime my complete physical workup had been showed very unhealthy low percentages that would require supplemental vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and enzymes.

just

my

skin. In the

finished, and

A my

it

quart of milk, sipped in stages, immediately produced the horror of

aforementioned reactions. They were reproduced by evaporated milk,

cheddar cheese, American cheese, cottage cheese,

My

etc.

dairy product meals

were interrupted by other testing meals of fruits and vegetables, none of which yielded the same reaction, except for chocolate, which produced a

The chocolate,

viselike temporal headache.

testing foods administered to

me

can actually and honestly state here that

unaware of reactions.

their content.

However,

As

before,

find that

I

I

I

might add, was one of the

via sublingual drops

I

I

which had no

had eaten foods,

it

seems

that

each time

my symptoms

narrowed down

I

weight-loss purposes (as the prior six doctors said

narrowed in

my

it

down

I

have no voluntary control over these

can actually turn

and off without the use of milk, dairy products or chocolate Ironically,

flavor.

totally

to include the things to

which

I

I

my

must),

am

case, abstinence produces a reaction-free state.

—

I

amazing!

intake for

unknowingly

allergic. I

on with

truly

And,

feel great!

This time

will not fail. I

think

it's

interesting to note that after following Orthomolecular-

Ecological treatment, the fact that

my

I

was

also able to

become pregnant. Also

indulge, unwisely of course, in ice cream or chocolate.

renders her skin clear in a matter of hours. However, finds itchy patches thriving. Interesting, isn't it?

1

interesting

nursing baby breaks out in patches of eczema whenever

when you

My

my

I

withdrawal

persistence

stop and think about

it

is

I

HUMAN ECOLOGY AND MENTAL HEALTH

The experience

now

23

uncommon. Mary

is

a vivacious, outgoing, trusting, energetic, clearheaded person.

It

was easy

case history describes

this

when

not

reduce and maintain an optimum weight after

for her to

She was

isolating the food allergies. fertile

is

the foods

while reacting to foods and

sterile

were avoided and appropriate supplements

(ac-

cording to her laboratory-demonstrated needs) added. She does not have to

be emotionally

ill,

depressed,

and wishing for death. The

sterile, fat

foods she eats and the frequency with which she eats them difference.

Mary now knows how

make

the

and stay symptom-free be-

to live

cause she understands the cause-and-effect relationships between her

environment and herself.

Like

many

others

orthomolecular metabolic program, there

is

on the same ecologic-

little

chance

that she will

ever need to return to the hospital. However, others with the

symptoms and diagnosis

same

treated with electric shock, tranquilizers, anti-

depressants and psychotherapy characteristically have repeated hospitalizations. Comparison studies of ways reveals this difference.

patients treated in these

two

different

The anatomy of allergy-addiction The chronic physical and mental histories

were observed

to

reactions

described in these case

fade in intensity, and often to

disappear

completely, on a four-day fast and complete avoidance of chemicals, then to re-emerge acutely on exposure to

meals of foods or chemicals

test

of different kinds. They provide impressive evidence of having actually,

under controlled experimental conditions, turned off an

illness,

—

while

and knowing

knowing why, and having turned the illness on again why. But the question remains: What relationship does a period of four days have to an allergic reaction?

Why

should the avoidance of a

chemical or certain food for a specific period result

symptom when

a sensitive person

after the period of

is

exposed

avoidance? The answers

to

in a

severe allergic

that chemical or food

to these questions lie in a

proper understanding of addiction and maladaptive allergic reactions.

Addiction

is

described as a state involving withdrawal-phase symp-

toms of any kind occurring hours or days (up

to three days) after contact

with a particular substance. Similarly, these withdrawal-phase symptoms

can often be stopped

— sometimes only

with the addictive substance. Foods of qualify as

much

as addictants as

partially all

—by continued

contact

kinds, as well as chemicals,

do narcotics, tobacco, coffee and

alcohol. But for our purposes of explanation, tobacco allergy-addiction

BRAIN ALLERGIES

24

can be cited as a model. Since about 75 percent of

symptoms there

is

people are allergic

occasions immediate allergic symptoms:

to tobacco, their first contact

and or a cough. With frequent use. these

usually nausea, dizziness,

if

all

suppressed by the tobacco contact and

are

not continued

use of tobacco,

later

emerge.

withdrawal symptoms.

as

These symptoms can be suppressed only if the tobacco is contacted frequently enough to keep the user in a relief or postponed state. This of partial and temporary relief by contact with the allergen

state

termed

is

Understanding addiction as an extension of a

"addiction."

maladaptive allergiclike

necessary

state is

if

one

is

understand the

to

seriousness of the addiction to frequently eaten foods and

commonly

met chemicals which plagues about 80 percent of mankind. Adaptive addiction can be described as a state of relative freedom from symptoms, occasioned when the addictive substance

is

frequently enough and the biological homeostatic state

good

It

however, a

is.

way

state

is in

contacted repair.

and

of chronic stress, precariously balanced,

—

emergence of an "'illness'" an acute allergic reaction previously described upon the addition of stress of any kind. Such last-straw stresses may be: (1) an overload of the allergen: (2) the paves the

for the

—

addition of seasonal allergens such as pollens or other environmental stresses: (3) physical stresses

such as excessive cold, heat or fatigue:

stress. The person suffering from adaptive addiction may be likened to one walking a tightrope, from which he may easily fall at any time. If the patient falls from the tightrope that is. develops an "illness"* solving that immediate stress.

harbored infections: and (5) emotional

(4)

—

—

*

merely restores him

physiological or psychological, addictive tightrope,

blows

leaving

him

the prey of any

to

the adaptive-

wind of

stress that

However, if the basic addiction is handled, he then has a broad base from which to handle all stress he is on firm ground, so in his life.

—

to

and off the tightrope.

speak,

It

is

in

needs flict

—

tranquilizers,

answer

antidepressants and so on

of situation that to their patients"

— solving

a

con-

little

here and there but failing to solve the basic underlying metabolic

problem of allergy-addiction Dr.

break

days

sort

this

psychiatrists so frequently give only a partial

in (it

Randolph has

quality

foods and chemicals.

demonstrated that when there

exposure to addictive substances of any kind for

seems

to take at least four

entirely eliminated

reaction

to

clinically

is

days for any food or chemical

from the human system), then

is

at least

a

four

to

be

the addictive-adaptive

converted to an immediate reaction with an allergic-like

upon renewed exposure

to the substance.

This

is

in fact not a

HUMAN ECOLOGY AND MENTAL HEALTH

new a

discovery: Hippocrates reports

food was avoided

much

for as

might create a severe reaction be overemphasized:

writings the knowledge that

in his

in certain

people.

And

all addictions display this pattern,

that

if

as four days, a reexposure to that food this point

removing the

cannot

whether they are

narcotic, alcohol, tobacco, food or chemical in source.

we have observed

25

patient for four or

In

our clinic,

more days from

contact with any suspected food or chemical addictive substances, and

him to one substance at a time has produced emergence of every shade of symptom described as schizophrenic, neurotic, or character neurotic, plus a host of common somatic symptoms often classed as psychosomatic. Such allergic-like reactions can either excite or inhibit any tissues or organs in the body and are, therefore, capable of giving rise to any set of symptoms these tissues are able to then selectively reexposing

the

produce. This type of maladaptive reaction has been called "the great

masquerader"; depression, hallucinations, delusions, perceptual catatonia,

tions,

flatness

of affect,

hyperkinesis,

are

etc.,

distor-

all

such

frequently encountered maladaptive reactions as to justify the conclusion that the search for

valid procedure in

an allergic-addictive source must be considered a

all

differential diagnoses of such

symptoms.

Further considerations of the four-day period of avoidance two or three days of a fast, symptoms often emerge. not caused by a starving need for nutrients, but by the withdrawal-

During the This

is

first

phase symptoms of an addiction. not display

symptoms on

A

person without food addictions will

a four-day period of avoidance.

Usually by the fourth day of the

fast

such symptoms will have

materially subsided or disappeared. If they have not subsided by the fourth day, the period of avoidance should be extended by one to three

days to see

if

the patient improves.

allergic cases, four

days on a

In

fast is not

some of enough

the

more severely symptoms to

for the

can be extended up to seven days. This type of program is indicated for some chronically depressed or severely paranoid patients. It should be remembered that if there is not adequate clear,

and the

fast

environmental control, symptoms a substance (e.g.,

person

is

may

continue because of exposure to

smoke, gas, hydrocarbon pollution)

to

which the

reacting.

Asthmatics, epileptics, diabetics on insulin and markedly debili-

BRAIN ALLERGIES

26

tated patients should be tested

On

sion.

and treated under direct medical supervi-

the withdrawal of food, as well as the reentry of foods as test

meals, asthmatic attacks or seizures can be evoked

Emotional reactions

ple.

peo-

—

from mild such as tension, marked psychotic and insightless states

also during the food testing can range fatigue, headache, dizziness

in susceptible

food-sensitive persons during the fast and

in

—

to

involving deep depression and a wish to die, hallucinations, delusions

and

illogical aggression.

Therefore,

is

it

when

advised that

and

fasting

testing an emotionally disturbed person, an objective observer be avail-

emergency medical help can be obtained if needed. It helps realize that the symptoms occurring during the food testing are likely subside in one to three hours, although in some cases it may be as

able so that to

to

much

as five hours,

and occasionally reactions have lasted up

to three

more severe cases, medical assistance to stop the reaction is indicated. The method by which this is accomplished will be discussed later. However, in most cases the symptoms will fade in a short time. Water that is not chemically treated (i.e., spring, well, distilled or filtered water) is used during testing since some people are known to react to cholorine and/or fluorine. There must be no smoking during the days. In these

period of avoidance or the subsequent test days. If symptom-free by the fourth day of the fast, tobacco can be tested

if

desired. This

is

achieved

by chain-smoking as quickly as possible a maximum of six cigarettes. The test ends as soon as symptoms develop. Dizziness, nausea and

weakness are

common minor symptoms

of tobacco allergy, but

in a

few

patients (about 10 percent of schizophrenics) frank psychosis develops. If the

person will agree to stop smoking without such a

better plan.

when is

they

Some

test, this is the

people will remember the symptoms that developed

smoked

their first cigarette.

When

evidence of allergy to tobacco, that

is

they are informed that this

sufficiently convincing

these people to stop smoking. These are the lucky ones, for there

always the danger during the tobacco aggressive behavior flaring up. But that

he In

tal

test if

for is

of judgment being affected or

the patient has to be convinced

tobacco-allergic, then the test must be done. any food-allergy-testing program, a comprehensive environmen-

is

control plan

vital.

is

isolate the person

from

The purpose of environmental all

substances to which he

may

control

is

to

be reacting:

fumes, animal dander, cosmetics, hair conditioners, perfumes, gas, air pollution containing industrial waste, dye odors, certain soaps used for cleaning, forth.

oil

or gas from furnaces,

Obviously,

mental control

it

is

much

in a hospital

moth

balls, spray fresheners

and so

easier to arrange for an adequate environsetting

where a

unit has

been especially

)

HUMAN ECOLOGY AND MENTAL HEALTH

designed for If,

this

purpose;

during the fourth or

or there

still

some

in

cases, this

day of the

fifth

remain ongoing

an absolute necessity.

pulse

common symptoms,

of proper environmental control. In

to a lack

is

fast, the

this

27

then

still

remains high

is

probably due

it

case the environment

to see if there is some agent to which the person is The pulse should be below 85 before testing. The same withdrawal phase symptoms that occur with food addiction can occur on

must be reexamined

reacting.

the second to third

This fact

factors.

is

environmental factor

day of avoidance of incriminating environmental important to remember, since is

more of

in

some cases

the

the culprit in the patient's illness than

is

his food.

person maladaptively reacts to a food when occasionally eaten,

If a

he

aware of

is

this

and hence does not

like the food.

Such reactions

to

infrequently eaten foods are rare and obviously are not associated with the chronic addictive state.

week

to

likely

it

A

food has to be eaten two or more times a

be addicting. The more frequently a food

is eaten, the more However, even though a food is infrequently eaten, it may belong to a family of which a member is frequently eaten, such as legumes, squash-melon-cucumber, dairy prod-

is

to

be incriminated

in addiction.

and gluten-bearing cereal grains (wheat,

ucts,

One member

rye, oats, barley, corn).

of a food family eaten frequently predisposes a person to

maladaptive reactions to other members of the same family, even

if

infrequently eaten.

A

choice has to be

made

as to the types of food to be tested:

( 1

foods grown without insecticides; (2) market-grown foods which will contain insecticide residues; (3) raw foods; (4) cooked foods; and (5)

foods with preservatives and colors added. Theoretically, each of these categories needs to be tested separately.

raw when

it

Sometimes

a food can be eaten

cannot be eaten cooked, or vice versa. Sometimes foods

without spray residues can be eaten without a reaction. Sometimes there are reactions to food colors and food preservatives.

way

is

fruits,

to start with the foods as usually eaten

The most

practical

which are market-grown

vegetables and meats, and the food eaten in the usual

form,

can then be done on those foods

cooked or raw. Definitive testing which reactions occur. Colors and preservatives are left out of the initial food testing. If more than fifteen foods are reacted to, then insecticide residues should be suspected and several of the reactive

either in

foods retested from sources not containing insecticides. Ideal, but hard to achieve, is the initial testing of basic foods not containing insecticide residues, which, for certain patients,

is

a necessity.

THE DIVERSIFIED ROTATION DIET

After one has

successfully

allergic reactions,

control

diagnosed food or chemical maladaptive

the next obvious goal

whereby these reactions

— and

is

to

establish

their associated

some kind of

addictions

—can

be completely avoided. The most reliable method of attaining this goal is

a diversified rotation diet.

Though working ble

planning,

the

groups of foods

out the details of this sort of diet takes considera-

basic

— what

idea

is

are called

simple:

to

remove

"food families*"

foods and

certain

— from

the diet for a

specified period in order to observe what reactions are produced by their

withdrawal and reintroduction. Allergist

Fanny Lou Leeney. M.D.. was

the first to use this dietary

approach. Allergist Rinkel. M.D.. while practicing

Oklahoma, adopted his

the diversified rotation diet

in

Oklahoma

City.

from Dr. Leeney. Using

understanding of masked food allergy or "'food addiction.'" Dr.

Rinkel demonstrated that a symptom-producing food does not nave to be abandoned forever but can be returned to the diet after the body has had time to recover completely from the initial allergic reaction. Specifically,

in

order to stop the vicious cycle of addiction, foods that give

minor reactions should be avoided they should be eaten no

for a

minimum

more often than once

in

of six weeks; then

four days. Foods that

give major reactions should be avoided for a

minimum

then they, too.

in

occur on

two

this

should be eaten only once

of three months:

four days.

If

reactions

program, incriminated foods should be avoided for another

months and tried again. The principle here is to avoid the symptom-evoking substance until the refractor) phase (i.e.. that stage in which the allergic or allergic-like state is broken) of the healing process 26

to three

THE DIVERSIFIED ROTATION DIET

develops after a few days, weeks, or months.

It

important that one

is

realize that the refractory phase usually begins at about three is

29

weeks and

well established by three months of complete avoidance.

No

food

addictions are likely to develop once the refractory stage has occurred

and a four-day rotation 1971,

In

M.D.,

I

single

foods.

diet

practiced.

is

under the supervision of

allergist

started to test systematically patients

treated water

We

found

that

gave us our best

a

food

results of

fast

Marshall Mandell,

by deliberate exposure

to

using only nonchemically

improvement

as well as evidence

of a cause-and-effect relationship between food addiction and symptom

Randolph and Dr. Mandell advised a seemed so difficult that, for a number of patients, I used a method of allowing free and frequent use of their nonreactive foods (i.e., foods that produced no symptoms). A few months later, I readmitted several of these patients to the hospital. At

reactions.

time,

this

Dr.

diversified rotation diet. Initially, this diet

new

Retesting revealed they were again sick due to the establishment of addictions to a

now were

new

set

of what were once nonreactive foods which they

eating frequently.

use of any foods.

I

It

proved

to

be disastrous to allow frequent

therefore sought the most rigid separation of foods to

prevent this reinstatement of addiction. In discussing several experienced ecologists,

I

McLennon, M.D., who suggested

that

space their contact four days apart. dietitian at Fuller

my

adopted the advice of

problem with allergist

John

I

keep the foods in families and

I

asked Ruth Nielson, R.D.,

Memorial Hospital where

I

was doing

this

arrange diets with foods in families and with one food

work,

member

1

to

per

family to be eaten every four days.

Foods theoretically should be rotated by families every four days, may be a cross-allergic reaction between family members. For example, lemon, orange, grapefruit, lime, tangerine, kumquat and citron are all of the citrus family. If symptoms are evoked by this family since there

of foods, then each food within the family should be

first

avoided for

months and then rotated on a four-day basis. That is, if I eat an orange on Monday, I should not eat any other member of the family until Friday of that same week. It is important to understand that even though this procedure requires specific dietary planning, which is often three

difficult to carry out,

it

does reduce allergic reactions as well as increase

one's exposure to a broader spectrum of nutrients.

As the years progressed, I became convinced that the eating only one member of a food family every four days was a very demanding regime and was not necessary for all my patients. As a result, I adopted

BRAIN ALLERGIES

30

a

"maximum

restrictive diversified rotation diet"

—

either

seven-day basis for the more severely allergic patient

mum

on a four- or

— and

restrictive four-day diversified rotation diet" for those

a "mini-

who mani-

fest less severe allergic/addictive responses.

diet

Dr. Randolph has had the most years of experience in the area of and human ecology of any physician and therefore has been most in his applications

meticulous

tion diet. His

maximum

and observations of the diversified

restrictive diversified rotation diet has

the standard of excellence in the field. His conclusions are that the efficient initially

program has three main

points:

(1)

rota-

become most

any one food, whether

symptom-reactive or not, should be eaten only once

days; (2) foods are established in families, with only one

in

member

four

of any

family eaten during any one day; and (3) one day must intervene

between the use of any two members of a family. For example, while wheat would not be eaten more frequently than once another

member of

as a single

this cereal-grain family,

meal on the

eaten on the

first

third

in

four days,

such as oats, could be eaten

day of the rotation, with wheat again being

day of the next cycle, the

also believes that the smaller the

fifth

day of the program. He

number of foods eaten

in

a single

meal, the less are the chances of a reaction occurring. Several foods

may

be eaten successfully by most people, but only one, two or three

foods

This

at a is

meal may be necessary for a few severely sensitive reactors.

probably caused by a selective inability of such a person to

provide adequate digestive enzymes and/or other metabolic factors to

handle the metabolism of the multiple foods. Patients should be taught to return to the foods to initially

demonstrated

to

be symptom-reactive.

It

is

which they were

important that they

not try to do without these foods completely for the rest of their lives; often these are foods that are nutritionally valuable. If a patient finds that

he cannot reinstate such a food after three months, he should

try at

four or five months. If he finds that he cannot rotate them once in four days, he should try once every eight days or once every two weeks or

once a month.

A minority of subjects have, and a minority of foods cause, fixed food allergies. These are usually easy to spot because each time the person eats the food, symptoms develop in spite of avoidance and/or rotation. Certain incriminating chemicals fall into this category. In the

case of fixed food or chemical allergy, the substance must be avoided

completely

at all times.

will not help a fixed

Any

type of program such as described above

food allergy; only complete avoidance will stop

reactions in these cases.

THE DIVERSIFIED ROTATION DIET

There initially

is

no way other than

31

rotation to assure a nonreactive state to

symptom-incriminative foods. However, there

some degree

is

of protection provided by adequate nutrition. In examining patients,

it

is

often demonstrated in the laboratory that they are deficient in vitamins

C

and B-6, forth.

folic acid,

chromium,

zinc,

magnesium, manganese and so

Providing these necessary nutrients, as well as others,

reducing the maladaptive reactivity to the foods.

A

is

an aid

detailed examination

of these different Orthomolecular aspects of treatment will be given

subsequent chapters, but for rotation diet

is

the first and

now

us

let

in

always remember

most important weapon used

that

in

the

in the battle

against addictions.

Summary of the maximum

restrictive

diversified four-day rotation diet 1.

Eat no single food more often than once

whether or not these foods were 2.

Foods are

initially

by families so

classified

four days. This applies

in

symptom-evoking. that

members of

a specific

family will be used only on the days assigned to that family. (See

"Maximum

Restrictive

Diversified

Four-Day Rotation Diet"

chart,

page 33-35.) 3.

There must be

at

least

a one-day

interval

members of the same family. 4. The smaller the number of foods used chance of a maladaptive reaction. only one, two or three foods eat a

much 5.

A

at a

Some

between uses of

in a single

meal, the less

highly reactive people can eat

meal while

less reactive

people can

greater variety at one time.

large

amount of food eaten increases

the chance of a reaction.

Therefore, moderate servings are preferable to large servings.

Other considerations 1.

For some, allergic reactions

will

occur

if

a food

single-exposure four-day rotation basis, whereas a reaction if

is

eaten on a

may

not occur

spaced on a single-exposure eight-, sixteen- or thirty-two-day basis. 2. Any time a food is suspected of evoking a symptom, it should

be tested as a single meal on the next four-day cycle. If symptoms are it should be omitted for a minimum of six weeks and a

evoked,

maximum trial basis.

of twelve weeks and reintroduced into the rotation diet on a

.

BRAIN ALLERGIES

32

Some

3.

when

foods combined into a single meal

they do not do so as a single food or

in

may evoke symptoms

combination with other

foods. These types of reactions are best determined on an individual-

tolerance basis.

Occasionally, highly sensitive persons have improved tolerance

4. if

exposures to specific foods are kept on a four-to-seven-day rotation

combination. Thus the sensitive reactor to wheat, corn, milk and

may do

cheese

well on a basic four-day rotation diet for

all

other foods,

Sunday

but must eat wheat, corn, milk and cheese at a Saturday or

meal only.

When

5.

when

reactions to a large assortment of foods occur, or

evoking of symptoms

the

is

erratic,

then

the

cumulative effect of

by

insecticide residues should be suspected. This can be ruled in or out

meals of several nonchemically contaminated foods and

test

(a)

(b)

sublingual provocative tests on an assortment of insecticide sprays used

on

fruits

and vegetables.

Some

6.

foods within the same family are sufficiently alike, from

a chemical standpoint, that

symptoms may occur even when

rotated on a

two-day basis. Examples are wheat, rye, oats and similar glutencontaining foods. Buckwheat contains gluten even though

member

is

it

not a

of the cereal-grain family. However, rice and millet, both of

the cereal-grain family,

do not contain gluten. Therefore,

it

is

best to

keep the gluten-containing cereal grains on a once-in-four-days basis and keep the nongluten cereals on a two-day basis, such as after millet.

rice

two days

experience with this system gave satisfactory results.

have not provided suggested menus for the following rotation

I

diets,

My

although

problem here

I

is

have prepared a number of them for

that a

menu, once given,

is all

my

patients.

too likely to be followed

rigorously, without regard to the individual's needs and tastes.

wishing

1

Not

to use the

all the

day. For

Day

following diets should understand

is

of the

to restrict one's

repeat no family 2.

Any

day's

Anyone

that:

food families given for each day need be employed on that 1

first diet,

the idea of dutifully eating

idea

The

there are twenty-eight food families listed;

one member of each family

is

overwhelming. The

consumption for that day to the families listed, and to

more often than

menus should have

specified. a reasonable balance of protein, fat,

carbohydrate, and should be as palatable and satisfactory as the given guidelines allow.

and

THE DIVERSIFIED ROTATION DIET

MAXIMUM

33

RESTRICTIVE DIVERSIFIED FOUR-DAY ROTATION DIET

Food families: Day

Rose

Strawberry, blackberry, loganberry, rose hip

1

Grape

Grape,

raisin

Banana

Banana, plantain

Apple

Apple

Mulberry

Mulberry, breadfruit

Potato

Potato, tomato, eggplant, peppers (red and

green), chili pepper, paprika, cayenne, ground cherries

Lily

Onion, chive, asparagus

Fungus

Mushroom,

yeast (brewer's yeast, baker's yeast,

and such) Beet

Spinach

Mallow

Okra, cottonseed

Grass

Wheat,

oats, rye, barley

Buckwheat

Buckwheat, rhubarb

Bovidae

Beef, milk, cheese, yogurt, butter

Mollusca

Scallop, abalone, snail, squid, clam, mussel,

oyster

Salt-water fish

Mackerel, flounder, anchovy

Walnut

Pecan

Protea

Macadamia

Leguma

Peanut

Flaxseed

Flaxseed

Laurel

Bay

Nutmeg

Nutmeg

leaf,

nut

cinnamon

Mallow

Maple (maple sugar)

Arrowroot

Arrowroot

Orchid

Vanilla

Sterculia

Cocoa, chocolate

Oil

Peanut, cottonseed

Sweetener

Beet sugar, maple sugar

Tea

Rose

hip, strawberry leaf

34

BRAIN ALLERGIES

Food

families:

Day

Bird

Chicken, quail, pheasant, and their eggs

2

Plum

Plum, cherry, peach, almond

Gourd

Watermelon, pumpkin, cucumber, acorn squash, pumpkin seed

Citrus

Orange, lime

Palm

Coconut, date

Papaw

Papaw, papaya, papain

Parsley

Carrot, parsnip, parsley, anise,

dill,

fennel,

cumin, coriander, caraway

Mustard

Watercress, brussels sprouts, collards

Composites

Endive, escarole, artichoke, romaine, safflower, tarragon

Rabbit

Rabbit

Crustacea

Crab, crayfish, lobster

Fresh-water fish

Sturgeon, herring, whitefish

Cashew

Cashew

Mint

Basil, sage, horehound, catnip, spearmint

Myrtle

Clove, allspice

Olive

Olives (black and green)

Oil

Coconut, almond, olive

Sweetener

Date sugar, fructose

Tea

Spearmint, papaya

Food families Day

Apple

Pear, quince

3

Rose

Raspberry, boysenberry

Heath

Blueberry, huckleberry, cranberry, wintergreen

Gooseberry

Currant, gooseberry

Ebony

Persimmon

Mulberry

Fig

Grass

Corn,

Laurel

Avocado, sassafras

Legume

Pea, black-eyed pea, green bean, soybean.

cane sorghum

rice, millet,

lentil, field

pea, kidney bean, lima bean, navy

bean, pinto bean,

wax

bean, carob, alfalfa

Goosefoot

Beet, chard, lamb's-quarters

Bovida

Lamb

THE DIVERSIFIED ROTATION DIET

Suidae Salt-water fish

35

Pork

Sea herring, cod, sea bass, sea

trout, tuna,

swordfish, sole

Spurge

Tapioca

Birch

Filbert, hazelnut

Walnut

English walnut, hickory nut, black walnut

Pepper

Black and white pepper

Lily

Garlic, leek

Oil

Soybean, avocado, corn

Sweetener

Carob, dextrose, glucose, cane, molasses,

sorghum

Tea

Food

Alfalfa, sassafras, raspberry leaf

families

Day

Citrus

Lemon,

4

Gourd

Cantaloupe, honeydew, yellow squash,

grapefruit, tangerine,

kumquat, citron

zucchini, squash seed

Plum

Apricot, nectarine, wild cherry

Cashew

Mango,

Pineapple

Pineapple

pistachio

Honeysuckle

Elderberry

Morning glory

Sweet potato

Mustard

Turnip, radish, horseradish, Chinese cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, kale, kohlrabi, rutabaga,

mustard

Composites

Lettuce, chicory, dandelion, sunflower seed

Parsley

Celery, celery seeds

Mammal

Turkey, duck, goose, guinea

Crustacea

Prawn, shrimp

Fresh-water fish

Salmon, bass, perch

Beech

Chestnut

Pedalium

Sesame

Brazil nut

Brazil nut

Mint

Oregano, savory, peppermint, thyme, marjoram

Nutmeg

Mace

Oil

Sesame, sunflower

Sweetener

Honey

Tea

Peppermint, lemon balm

BRAIN ALLERGIES

36

Minimum

restrictive diversified

four-day rotation diet Foods are kept in families on a four-day basis. No member of the family is eaten more frequently than every four days. 2. Multiple foods from the same family can be used on the same 1.

day multiple times. 3.

Foods not reacted

4.

If a

can be used multiple times on the same

to

day.

food has been reacted

This diet

is

same

the

same family on no

initial

use

maximum

as the

rotation diet, except that

that

to.

it

only once in four days after

twelve-week avoidance period.

the initial six- or

restrictive diversified

permits multiple meals of

it

four-day

members of

the

day prescribed for the specific family, providing

that

reactions to these foods are present on provocative food

testing, intradermal serial-dilution provocative testing, sublingual (under

the tongue) serial-dilution provocative testing,

or cytotoxic or

RAST

testing.

Limitations to consider

using the

minimum

when

restrictive diversified

four-day rotation diet 1.

may develop

Maladaptive reactions

during the same day. This or third exposure on the

out for six weeks, and

once

is

due

same day.

foods eaten

to

to the

multiple meals

If this

when reintroduced

occurs, the food must be

into the diet,

it

left

should be used

four days thereafter. Experience with this program reveals that

in

Remember, howev-

only occasionally do maladaptive reactions develop. er, the

at

cumulative effect of the second

more often

specific foods are used, the

more

likely

maladaptive

reactions are to occur.

Rather than using the same food several times on the

2.

day.

on

a safer practice to use another

it is

this

same day. Thus wheat, rye or

day but

at

or bread.

member

separate meals. If this

is

used,

Some it

is

this

dav nor

of the same family once

oats could be eaten on the

same

prefer a multiple-grain breakfast cereal

preferably used only once,

of the cereal-grain family

during the rest of

member

same

it

and any

contains should be used neither

until the next

four-dav rotation cvcle.

THE DIVERSIFIED ROTATION DIET

Alternative split-day

minimum

37

restrictive

diversified four-day rotation diet

This method

starts the rotation

day with the evening meal.

It

allows for

demonstrated nonreactive foods which have been eaten

initially

in the

evening meal to be eaten also for breakfast the next morning and noon. Such a

diet

is

for the convenience of the patient and

appreciated. For most patients results.

the

It

tried

it,

at

often

there have been

good

has the inherent danger, however, of multiple exposures of

same food

result in

who have

is

in a

twenty-four-hour period, which

may

cumulatively

an acute reaction.

MINIMUM RESTRICTIVE

DIVERSIFIED FOUR-DAY ROTATION DIET

Food families Day

Mulberry

Mulberry,

1

Rose

Strawberry, raspberry, blackberry, dewberry,

Grape

All varieties of grape and raisin, cream of tartar

fig, breadfruit

loganberry, youngberry, boysenberry, rose hip

Potato

Potato, tomato, eggplant, peppers (red and

green), pimento, chili pepper, paprika,

cayenne, ground cherries

Goosefoot

Beet, spinach, swiss chard, lamb's-quarters

Composites

Lettuce, chicory, endive, escarole, artichoke,

dandelion, tarragon, safflower

Bovidae

Lamb,

beef, milk products (butter, cheese,

yogurt), goat, deer

Mollusca

Abalone,

Spurge

Tapioca

snail, squid,

clam, mussel, oyster,

scallop

Cashew

Cashew,

Protea

Macadamia

pistachio,

mango

nut

Nutmeg

Nutmeg, mace

Oil

Safflower

Sweetener

Beet sugar, maple sugar

Tea

Comfrey, strawberry rose hip

leaf,

raspberry leaf,

JX

BRAIN ALLERGIES

Food families Day

Plum

Plum, cherry, peach, apricot, nectarine, almond, wild cherry

2

Pineapple

Pineapple

Papaw

Papaw, papaya, papain

Myrtle

Guava, clover,

Grass

Wheat, corn,

allspice, clove,

rice, oats, barley, rye,

cane, millet, sorghum, Parsley

pimento

bamboo

wild rice,

shoot

Carrot, parsnip, celery, celery seed, celeriac, anise, dill, fennel, cumin, parsley, coriander.

caraway

Fungus

Mushroom,

yeast (brewer's yeast, baker's yeast,

and such)

Mallow Bird

Okra, cottonseed All fowl and

game

birds*: chicken, turkey,

duck, goose, guinea, pigeon, quail, pheasant.

and Salt-water fish

their

eggs

Sea herring, anchovy, cod, sea bass, sea

trout,

mackerel, tuna, swordfish, flounder, sole

Beech

Chestnut

Brazil nut

Brazil nut

Flaxseed

Flaxseed

Pedalium

Sesame

Orchid

Vanilla

Sterculia

Cocoa, chocolate

Oil

Corn, cottonseed

Sweetener

Cane sugar

Day Tea

Papaya

*Duck, chicken and turkey are

may

(raw), clover honey

(if

not used on

4) tea

in separate families

but closely related; they

be eaten every second or third day.

Food families Day 3

Apple

Apple, pear, quince

Banana

Banana, plantain

Arrowroot

Arrowroot

Heath

Blueberry, huckleberry, cranberry, wintergreen

THE DIVERSIFIED ROTATION DIET

Gooseberry

Currant, gooseberry

Ebony

Persimmon

Legume

Pea, black-eyed pea, dry bean, green bean.

carob, soybean,

Laurel

39

lentil, licorice,

Avocado, cinnamon, bay bud or bark

leaf,

peanut, alfalfa sassafras, cassia

Buckwheat

Buckwheat, rhubarb

Lily

Onion,

Crustacea

Crab, crayfish, lobster, prawn, shrimp

Suidae

Pork

garlic, asparagus, chive, leek

Birch

Filbert, hazelnut

Conifer

Pine nut

Pepper

Black and white pepper, peppercorn

Oil

Soybean, peanut, avocado

Sweetener

Fructose, carob syrup

Tea

Alfalfa, sassafras

Food families Day

Gourd

4

Citrus

Watermelon, cantaloupe, other melons

Lemon, orange,

grapefruit, lime, tangerine,

kumquat, citron

Honeysuckle

Elderberry

Palm

Coconut, date, date sugar

Morning glory

Sweet potato

Gourd

Cucumber, pumpkin, squash, zucchini, acorn. pumpkin or squash seeds

Mustard

Mustard, turnip, radish, horseradish, watercress, cabbage, kraut, Chinese cabbage, broccoli. cauliflower, brussel sprouts, collard, kale, kohlrabi, rutabaga

Olive

Black or green olives

Fresh-water fish

Sturgeon, herring, salmon, whitefish, bass, perch

Walnut

English walnut, black walnut, pecan, hickory nut, butternut

Mint

Basil, sage, oregano, savon'

horehound, catnip.

spearmint, peppermint, thyme, majoram, lemon

balm

Tea

Kaffer

40

BRAIN ALLERGIES

Coconut, olive

Oil

pecan

oil,

Date sugar, honey

Sweetener

Rabbit

Fowl not used on Day

Maximum

II

seven-day

restrictive

diversified rotation diet

This rotation diet

is

who have many

be used by those

to

severe allergies.

Less frequent contacts with food should help their systems to clear faster.

Only one contact with each food

and one must continue

to rotate all

foods listed for a day

may

with each food. This

is

allowed every seven days,

is

foods in family groups.

be used, but only one contact

best accomplished by using

one meal and not repeating these foods

There are some rare individuals

uals

on a

strict

may

to five foods at

can eat only one food with

each meal, since combinations of any type give such cases, six meals

of the

permitted

following meal.

at the

who

two

Any is

rise to

symptoms.

In

be consumed per day, keeping these individ-

seven-day rotation program.

Heating food in oils reduces the absorption rate and hence reduces symptoms. Oils should be rotated; use corn, safflower, peanut, olive, soy and cottonseed oils. Butter, lard, and other animal fats may also be used.

Heating

in

a Chinese

wok

persons requiring foods heated

in

is

For those very sensitive

ideal.

oils,

a seven-day

rotation

Frequent or continual use of foods heated

preferred.

recommended, however, fatty acids

in

oil

diet is

is

not

since this procedure can raise the patient's free

and triglycerides. At the present time, there

considerable

is

debate in medical circles about the values of various percentages of dietary fat, protein, and carbohydrate.

work on

a best-selling

10 percent

fat,

diet,

2

from

arteriosclerosis,

While

Pritikin,

M.D., author of literature that

10 percent protein, and 80 percent complex carbohydrate

optimum ratio when this regime

as total calories provides the tion

Nathan

concludes from the medical

for reversal of is

and protec-

coupled with systematic

can be taken as a valuable general guideline, it should be understood that these percentages were arrived at without

exercise.

this ratio

benefit of laboratory demonstrations for individual nutritional needs and

without taking into account the effects of nutritional supplementation. It

appears likely, for instance, that supplemental vitamin

C

and

pyridoxine would serve as additional protection against the inflamma-

THE DIVERSIFIED ROTATION DIET

41

tion leading to

atheromatous placque formation, often associated with

arteriosclerosis,

no matter what the intake percentages of carbohydrates,

proteins, or fats.

percentages of

It is

fat

also probable that for

might be

in the

some

individuals, preferred

range of 10 to 15 percent, of protein

10 to 20 percent, and complex carbohydrates 60 to 80 percent.

Ex-

tensive research needs yet to be done in this area.

MAXIMUM

RESTRICTIVE SEVEN DAY DIVERSIFIED ROTATION DIET

Food families Day

Apple

1

Mulberry

Mulberry,

Honeysuckle

Elderberry

Apple, pear, quince fig, breadfruit

Olive

Olives (black and green)

Gooseberry

Currant, gooseberry

Potato

Potato, tomato, eggplant, peppers (red and

green), chili pepper, paprika, cayenne

Lily

Onion,

Grass

Wheat, corn,

garlic, asparagus, chive, leek

wild rice,

rice, oats, barley, rye,

bamboo

cane, millet, sorghum,

Buckwheat

Buckwheat, rhubarb

Bovidae

Milk products

shoot

(butter, cheese, yogurt),

beef and

pure beef products, lamb

Mint

Basil, savory, sage, oregano, horehound,

catnip, spearmint, peppermint, thyme,

marjoram, lemon balm Oil

Olive, corn,

100% corn

Tea

Elder, mint, catnip

Juice

Juice

may

oil

margarine, butter

be made and used, without added

sweeteners, from the following: fruits listed

above

vegetables

in

—any

any combination desired;

—any

listed

above

in

any

combination desired

Food families Day

Citrus

Lemon, orange, kumquat,

citron, grapefruit,

lime, tangerine

2

Parsley

Carrot, celeriac, parsley, anise, parsnip, celery,

celery seed, fennel

dill,

cumin, coriander, caraway,

42

BRAIN ALLERGIES

Pepper

White pepper

Nutmeg

Mace

Walnut

English walnut, black walnut, pecan, hickory nut, butternut

Bird

Chicken, goose, quail, and their eggs

Oil

Fat from any bird listed above; oil from any nut listed

above

Sweetener

Orange honey (use sparingly)

Tea

Comfrey, comfrey greens, fennel

Juice

Juice

may

made and

be

used, without adding

sweeteners, from the following: fruits listed

above

vegetables

—any

any combination desired;

in

—any

above

listed

in

any

combination desired

Food families Day

Grape

All varieties of grape and raisin

3

Rose

Strawberry, raspberry, blackberry, dewberry,

Legume

Pea, black-eyed pea, dry bean, string bean,

loganberry, youngberry, boysenberry, rose hip

carob, soybean,

lentil, licorice,

Flaxseed

Flaxseed

Suidae

All pork products

peanut, alfalfa

Arrowroot

Arrowroot

Oil

Peanut, soy

Sweetener

Carob syrup (use sparingly), clover honey

(if

honey not used on any other day)

Tea

Alfalfa, rose hip

Juice

Juice

may

be

made and

used, without adding

sweeteners, from the following: listed

above

vegetables

in

fruits

—any

any combination desired;

—any

listed

above

in

any

combination desired

Food families Day

Heath

Blueberry, huckleberry, cranberry, wintergreen

4

May

May

apple

apple

Papaw

Papaw, papaya, papain

Composites

Lettuce, chicory, endive, escarole, artichoke,

— THE DIVERSIFIED ROTATION DIET

4J

dandelion, sunflower seed, tarragon, oyster plant (salsify), celtuce

Morning glory Laurel

Sweet potato (not yam)

Avocado, cinnamon, bay

leaf, sassafras, cassia

bud or bark Protea

Macadamia

Beech

Chestnut

Orchid

Vanilla

Fungus

Mushroom,

nut

yeast (brewer's yeast, baker's yeast,

and such) Salt-water fish

Sea herring, anchovy, cod, sea bass, sea

trout,

mackerel, tuna, swordfish, flounder, sole

Spurge

Tapioca

Oil

Avocado

Tea

Sassafras, papaya

Juice

Juice

may

be made and used, without adding

sweeteners, from the following:

above any

in

fruits

—any

listed

any combination desired; vegetables

above

listed

in

any combination desired

Food families Day

Pineapple

Pineapple

5

Gourd

Watermelon, cucumber, cantaloupe, pumpkin, squash

(all varieties),

other melons, zucchini,

summer squash

New

Zealand spinach

Purslane

Purslane,

Mallow

Okra, cottonseed

Cashew

Cashew,

Pedalium

Sesame

Mollusca

Abalone,

Crustacea

Crab, crayfish, lobster, prawn, shrimp

pistachio,

mango

snail, squid,

clam, mussel, oyster,

scallop

Oil

Cottonseed, sesame

Tea

Fenugreek

Juice

Juice

may be made and

used, without adding

—

any sweeteners, from the following: fruits desired; combination in any above listed vegetables

—any

listed

combination desired

above

in

any

44

BRAIN ALLERGIES

Food families Day

Banana

Banana, plantain, arrowroot (Musa)

6

Pomegranate

Pomegranate

Ebony

Persimmon

Palm

Coconut, date, date sugar, sago, palm cabbage

Pepper

Black pepper, peppercorn

Nutmeg

Nutmeg

Beet

Beet, chard, spinach, lamb's-quarters

Birch

Filbert, hazelnut

Bird

Turkey, duck, pigeon, pheasant and, their eggs

Oil

Coconut,

fat

from any bird

listed

above

Sweetener

Date sugar, beet sugar (use sparingly)

Juice:

Juice

may be made and

used, without adding

sweeteners, from the following: fruits listed

above

vegetables

—any

any combination desired;

in

—any

above

listed

in

any

combination desired

Food families Day

Plum

Plum, cherry, peach, apricot, nectarine, almond, wild cherry, small amounts of any

7

natural dried fruit listed above

Mustard

Mustard, turnip, radish, horseradish, watercress, cabbage, kraut, Chinese cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, brussels sprouts, collard, kale, kohlrabi, rutabaga

Yam

Yam,

Brazil nut

Brazil nut

Chinese potato

Conifer

Pine nut

Bovidae

Lamb

Oil

Safflower

Sweetener

Buckwheat, safflower and, sage honey

(if

honey

not used on any other day)

Tea

Safflower, mate

Juice

Juice

may be made and

used, without adding

sweeteners, from the following: fruits listed

above

vegetables

in

—any

any combination desired;

—any

listed

combination desired

above

in

any

:

THE DIVERSIFIED ROTATION DIET

45

Special tips for using the rotation diet

How

to switch food families The preceding pages have presented

the food families and have given

plans for four-day and seven-day diets. If you would like a food on a different

day from where

you

prefer, leave

it

on

that

has been indicated, you

it

entire family to another day.

When you

day so

may

switch the

have the food family on the day food

that the

is

not eaten

more often

than prescribed.

common foods:

Substitutes for

Margarine: Use the

oil

of the day, mix

in

a blender with nuts

and

seasonings. This can be used to top vegetables.

Beverages: Use the spices of the day

namon, clove

— and brew

as a tea;

— mace,

nutmeg, anise, cin-

mix an equal amount of

the tea with

Serve iced or hot.

fruit juice.

Egg: Use 8 oz. of dried apricots soaked water and mix in the blender.

A

until soft in

generous tablespoon of

equal to one egg in a dough mixture. Another substitute

ground flaxseed boiled three minutes

Keep

constantly.

in

three

in a closed jar in refrigerator.

two cups of

this is

mixture

is

one cup of

cups of water. Stir

One tablespoon

equals

one egg. There are also commercial egg substitutes on the market. Milk:

Mix

2 oz. of almonds, pine nuts, or one teaspoon of sesame

seeds blended with one teaspoon of honey and one cup of water in a

blender for use in recipes. There are also commercial soya milk products

on the market. Salad dressings: Use ascorbic acid (vitamin C), one tablespoon to

one cup of water, as a substitute for vinegar the vitamin

C

mixture, the

oil

of the day,

in salad dressings.

salt

Combine

and, spices of the day to

give you a great variety of dressings. Avocado, tomato, onion, celery

and other vegetables and cheeses can be added as the day allows.

Purposeful violation of the diversified rotation diet

When

a rotation

successfully established,

it

is

possible occasionally to

meal of multiple foods without respect to rotation. It is best reserve this as a treat for special occasions once a month or so.

eat a single to

is

.

BRAIN ALLERGIES

46

Alcohol should not be used with

this

meal, as

When

the chances of a reaction occurring.

it

will multiply

needed,

by four

a considerable

degree of protection from maladaptive reactions to these special occasion meals can be achieved by the following taken singly or as a total

program:

One hour ahead

1

of the meal take 4 grams (g) of sodium ascorbate

(vitamin C). 2. One hour ahead of the meal take five 350 mg enzyme capsules or tablets. (Some do better by adding three

mg

bromelain tablets

pancreaticto five

100

to this.)

3.

One hour ahead

4.

Immediately ahead of the meal, take sublingually (under the

of the meal take 5 to 15 g of free amino acids.

tongue) 1250 to 2500 units of heparin. Heparin sublingually placed in this

dosage can serve as a great protection against inflammatory allergic

reactions. This can be given ten to fifteen minutes before a meal; and, if

a reaction to a meal occurs, the it

symptoms.

It is

it

can be used immediately to help reduce

easy for a person to carry heparin with him and have

readily available for sublingual use. This

amount of heparin

is

consid-

erably below the anticoagulant doses for which heparin has been placed

on the market, but level.

it

does serve as a good anti-inflammatory agent

at this

Heparin can also be used as a protection against petrochemical

hydrocarbons during unavoidable exposure to exhaust fumes. wise to use these anti-inflammatory agents to

try

to

It

is

not

ride through

a

chronic exposure where avoidance and spacing of contact can be ar-

ranged, but they do serve a valuable purpose

comfortable when

this is

in

making

life

more

impossible.

500 mg of pyridoxine, 100 to 500 mg of 500 mg of pantothenic acid. 6. At the end of the meal, take pancreatic-enzyme capsule or tablet. (Some do better by adding a 100-mg bromelain tablet to this.) 7. Half an hour to an hour after the end of the meal, take one to five pancreatic-enzyme capsules or tablets. (Some do better by adding one or two 100-mg bromelain tablets to this.) 8. Half an hour to an hour after the meal, take 10 to 20 g of sodium bicarbonate or sodium and potassium bicarbonate (3:1 ratio). 9. If any symptoms develop after the meal, take 2500 units of heparin sublingually (under the tongue). Also, the pancreatic enzymes 5.

With

the meal, take

riboflavin and

1

and bicarbonate can be taken sooner than the period

of

this

if

symptoms

occur.

A much

more

type of nutrient therapy will

chapters.

thirty-

to sixty-minute

detailed discussion on the use

be forthcoming

in

subsequent

THE DIVERSIFIED ROTATION DIET

47

Chemically contaminated food

Many

foods inherently contain toxins which require detoxification by

the liver or

by other metabolic means, such as the operation of vitamin C Molds producing toxins and/or occasioning maladaptive

or oxygenation.

allergies or allergiclike reactions are frequent in foods.

The widespread

use of pesticides in recent years has added toxic residues to

fruits,

vegetables and feed crops with resultant contamination of meat and milk, which adds to the burden of detoxification placed on the system. This, and the increase in potential maladaptive reactions, hastens the

made to reduce some people are so

degenerative disease process. Efforts are being

levels of

toxins in our foods and water supply, but

sensitive

and have such a low level of detoxifying

ability that they

must use

nonchemically contaminated foods and water. Dr. Randolph several others

of

who have

initially testing

3 4 '

and

followed his lead have demonstrated the value

with nonchemically contaminated foods and then later

selectively testing nonreactive foods contaminated with insecticides. Dr.

Mandell has demonstrated the value of sublingual provocative

testing to

determine maladaptive reactions to insecticide residues.

Summary The

latter

part of the

nineteenth century and the early part of the

twentieth brought to medicine a significant array of ecologic facts which not only led to

some valuable present-day

health measures but also

helped to develop the fields of bacteriology and allergy. Before the ecologic orientation had

made

its

full

contribution,

however, such

body-centered areas as pathology and pharmacology (drugs) were giving

promise of rapid cure and/or quick symptomatic

relief.

The promise of

such treatment methods tended to eclipse the significance of ecologic facts. Recently, a resurgence of interest in human ecology has been occurring due to the developing consciousness of ing pollution of our entire environment

Another factor causing that there is

is

how

the ever-increas-

adversely influencing man.

this trend is the clinically

demonstrated position

evidence to prove that frequently eaten foods and

monly met chemicals

com-

are capable of adversely altering central-nervous-

system functions.

The ecologic method of comprehensive environmental vides for a specific period of avoidance of

substances. Such a program, in

many

all

control pro-

possible incriminating

cases, actually "turns off" by the

4H

BRAIN ALLERGIES

fourth day the chronic physical or mental illness. The illness is turned back on by precipitating an acute reaction upon a single exposure to a food or chemical. In this way, induction evidence of symptom causes is

we can

clearly demonstrated; therefore,

we

believe what

at least

see.

This evidence leads to the conclusion that the basic organic driving forces behind

many

chronic physical and mental illnesses are addictive

reactions to frequently eaten foods and

one has been exposed significant

commonly met

chemicals. After

to all the ecologic facts presented in this

message should be obvious: any food and/or chemical

capable of maintaining chronic physical and mental reactions tible

book, a

persons and

that,

in

is

suscep-

following a four- to seven-day period in which

incriminating foods and chemicals are faithfully avoided, there

is clini-

improvement in chronic symptoms. However, the sad truth is that we Americans are eating our foods with a frequency that is beyond our biological capacity to handle in a healthy way. After seeing hundreds of clinical cases, it has become increasingly clear to us that if people were cal

many

taught to rotate their foods,

chronic physical and mental illnesses

would be prevented. Not only can and for which

it

was designed,

nutritional state of each

this

rotation

human organism can

frequency contact which the

program provide a metabolically handle

can also materially improve the

it

and every one of us due

to the fact that

contacting a desirably larger assortment of foods in a properly

four-day rotation

One can

say that allergy and

chronic diseases are

is

that

managed

its

counterpart, addiction, along with

and infection are the building blocks from which built.

matters not with which one of these

It

the others will soon follow.

many

beginning point of reveals,

are

diet.

nutritional deficiency

start;

we

Of

illnesses,

of allergy-addiction,

we

these three, the most important as

far

as

our clinical

evidence

with nutritional deficiency and

infection following closely. It

cannot be overemphasized that a four-or-more-day rotation of

foods (especially symptom-incriminated foods)

when attempting it

would

is

of prime importance

to control ecologically the allergic-addictive states.

certainly be

cure-all of physical

wrong

to

conclude that a rotation diet alone

is

But the

and mental illness. Nutrients in proper amounts and

types can help prevent the majority of maladaptive reactions to foods

and/or chemicals. Intravenous and oral administration of nutrients have

been demonstrated clinically

to

be capable of preventing maladaptive

allergic-addictive food and chemical reactions. Therefore, the ideal

of treatment combines both the ecological and

form

the Orthomolecular

THE DIVERSIFIED ROTATION DIET

treatment methodologies. In order that

we can

-49

begin to understand the

fundamentals of the physical and mental disease process,

let

us

now

switch emphasis from food-chemical (ecological) management to nutritional

Orthomolecular management.

An

of these important aspects of treatment

in-depth understanding of both is

necessary.

SUPERNUTRITION AND THE

ORTHOMOLECULAR APPROACH

Let us concede from the

enzymes and hormones

human body)

vitamins, minerals, trace elements,

start that

substances that normally occur in the

(i.e.,

are not to be thought of as miraculous cure-alls.

Rather,

they are essential nutrients, and physical as well as mental illness will result

when

there

is

a deficiency of these chemicals in the

Sadly enough, even though

information

this

is

known

human body.

in the

scientific

community, it is seldom considered as therapeutically important, especially by psychiatrists. Theoretically, psychiatrists as doctors should be interested in a nutritionally oriented differential diagnosis as

any other physician should

be.

However, since

it

is

can influence body function, there has developed

known in

much

that the

as

mind

psychiatry a bias

favoring the expectation that the mind most often influences the body rather than the

when

body influencing

As a result of this of symptoms justifying

the mind.

a psychiatrist observes a cluster

diagnosis such as neurosis or psychosis, he

cause of the symptoms originates

body symptoms chiatrist makes chance he to

in

is

his

the psyche,

and any associated

Once

diagnosis of classifiable reactions, there

any further need of a

a classic

then satisfied that the

are considered psychosomatic in origin.

will consider

attitude,

the psyis

little

differential diagnosis relative

any of the patient's symptoms.

Differential diagnosis is a way to examine a patient other than by the usual psychiatric method considering clusters of symptoms. It is

a basic principle every doctor

The method

starts

based on

known methods of

all

with a single

taught early in his medical career.

diagnosis

nation and laboratory diagnosis).

50

is

symptom and

considers

(i.e., history,

The diagnosis must

all

possibilities

physical examialso take into

SUPERNUTRITION AND THE ORTHOMOLECULAR APPROACH

consideration the ecologic factors of a patient's symptoms.

It

51

has been

observed, for example, that 69 percent of headaches, (Campbell, M.D.) are caused by ecologic factors, and yet there

percent chance that a doctor chiatry

—

—even

is

probably

less than a

1

a specialist in neurology or psy-

will consider seriously the possibility of allergy (cerebral or

otherwise) in his differential diagnosis. Strong evidence indicates that for a majority of psychotics,

ecologic factors as well as nutritional

deficiencies materially influence their illness; yet there that these factors will

psychiatry.

If

is

little

chance

be considered or examined for by specialists

in

psychiatry had insisted on maintaining this method of

diagnosis, then medicine as a whole

would also have

insisted

on know-

ing the nutritional and ecological state of each patient. This failure to

maintain an open differential diagnosis

is

perhaps psychiatry's greatest

error in recent years.

To

test

the possibility that nutritional deficiencies

may

relate to

physical and/or emotional symptoms, no matter what the classic psychiatric

may

I examined some two thousand patients of all The real breakthrough came when I demonstrated maladaptive symptoms, ecologically diagnosed with prior testing of

diagnosis

be,

diagnostic categories. that

specific foods

and chemicals, could actually be stopped by adminis-

tering intravenously certain

B

vitamins and vitamin C.

Now

exciting

evidence showed that certain nutrients could stop neurotic and psychotic reactions and that the results could be immediate.

The first

results of tests

test,

on three patients show

given to a forty-four-year-old

this dramatically.

woman,

indicated

The

she had

allergic reactions to cereal grains. After four days' avoidance, she

was

fed a test meal of wheat and immediately developed numbness in her throat, together with a feeling of

choking and tightening of the neck

muscles, hyperventilation, fatigue, headache, swollen eyelids and red-

dened eyes, a weakening of the legs so severe that she was unable to stand, flat affect, and an intense hot flash. Four days later she was fed a similar test meal, after receiving intravenously IV2 g of vitamin C, 1000

mg

of pyridoxine (B-6), and the same amount of niacinimide (B-3).

Two test meals, four mg of B-3 and 200 mg

symptoms developed. of vitamin C, 1000 resulted in

no symptoms

after the first

No

preceded by 3 g of B-6, administered orally,

days

later,

meal and only a minor hot flash

after the second.

A

thirty-nine-year-old

woman was

also tested for wheat after a

four-day period of avoidance. Her symptoms included pounding of the heart, marked depression, loss of judgment and loss of perspective

52

BRAIN ALLERGIES

about her present and future. Three weeks later she was given consecutive

mg

vitamin C, 1000

and

1

mg

two

preceded by oral administration of 4 g of of B-3, 200 mg of B-6, 250 mg of thiamine (B-l),

meals,

test

of folic acid. The

first

test

meal gave no symptoms; the

second gave the patient a sense of loneliness.

A

test

meal of eggs made a twenty-seven-year-old man extremely

agitated, nervous

the

and angry, and gave him the sensation of swelling

head and neck. Three weeks

later, after

an egg food

mg of B-3, 200 mg of B-6, 3000 mg of C, mg of riboflavin (B-2), he suffered only the

test

mg

in

preceded

by 2000

1

and 60

swelling feeling in

his

of folic acid,

head and neck and none of the emotional symptoms.

The evidence demonstrates

that

in

many

cases

administer nutrients intravenously before feeding a

is

it

test

possible to

meal of a known

maladaptive food reactor and actually prevent the previously occurring

B-6 and B-3 have

reactions. Vitamins C,

the

most important value

C

preventing such maladaptive reactions. Vitamin

some, while B-6 alone

is

alone

many

effective for others. In

is

in

effective for

cases

it

is

also

possible to provide oral nutrients sufficiently far ahead of a meal for

absorption to occur and thus also prevent maladaptive food reactions.

Testing indicated that secutive meals,

if

incriminated foods were given in enough con-

symptoms would develop

in spite

of nutrient therapy.

Such evidence proved that nutrient therapy had to be combined with a diet based on a spaced rotation of food families. The most successful program included a four-day rotation diet combined with individualized appropriate nutrients given one and a half hours ahead of each meal.

However,

in clinical practice, for

convenience and best tolerance, the

nutrients are given with the meals.

The following procedures.

It

symptoms of

is

an example of a portion of our clinical workup

involves a four-year-old infantile autistic boy.

attention span and gave gestures rather than speech. trained. After four days of eating foods he

as a

He

presented

crying, temper tantrums, hyperactivity, insomnia and short

He was

not toilet

seldom used, he was as calm

normal child, which was a welcome contrast to his former hyperwhirling around and screaming. Moreover, after the initial

activity,

four-day avoidance period of

commonly used

foods, he

became very

cooperative as the testing proceeded, ate nearly everything offered him,

made communicating sounds received affection for the

symptoms of

his illness

that

first

emerged

foods which he frequently had

at

were almost time in

in

like

many months. The

response to

home.

words, and gave and

test

cardinal

meals of specific

p

SUPERNUTRITION AND THE ORTHOMOLECULAR APPROACH

SYMPTOMS

IN

53

RESPONSE TO DELIBERATE FOOD TEST OF SINGLE FOODS

Foods:

Reaction:

Soybean

Flatus

Pineapple

Weakness

Corn

Agitation

(fresh)

Mature corn

Hyperactive, aggressive

Raisins

Anxious, very nervous

Honey

Very

agitated. (Parents

at his

sudden change of being

mood

to being

Bananas

at

home

in a

good

extremely hyperactive

and agitated. They

honey

were surprised

said,

"He

has

often.")

Babbling

Cashews

Listless

Prunes

Severe diarrhea

URINE AMINO ACID ANALYSIS

Amino Acid

Urine Results (mcm/24hr)

Normal (mcm/24hr)

Phosphoserine

231+

(high)

21-90

Phosphoethanolamine

302

26-101

844

+ +

(high)

Methionine sulfoxide

(high)

150-650

Aspartic acid*

PY-***

(low)

11-80

Glutamic acid*

PT-

(low)

55-270

A-amino

431

+

(high)

11-70

(low)

14-15

Absent

(low)

20-130

73

(high)

8-55

Methionine**

+ 148 +

(high)

20-95

Phenylalanine

PT-

(low)

24-190

adipic acid**

Valine

PT-

Cystine* Cystathionine**

B-alanine

PT-

(low)

11-70

Hydroxylysine

Absent

(low)

10-13

1-me-Histidine

PT-

(low)

130-930

3-me-Histidine

PT-

(low)

30-180

*

Low amounts

utilization

of aspartic acid, glutamic acid and cystine suggests a vitamin B-6 problem. Over 70 percent of our patients have such a disorder.

** High amounts of a

B-6

urine have been

***

—

PT

resent

shown t>

adipic acid, cystathionine and methionine also suggest Morever, high levels of cystathionine and methionine in the cause mental disorders.

A-amino

utilization disorder. to

ut deficient.

54

BRAIN ALLERGIES

HAIR ANALYSIS: MINERALS AND TRACE ELEMENTS

Manganese

.03

(normal: .05-. 17)

LOW LOW LOW LOW LOW LOW

Chromium

.13

(normal: .04-.07)

HIGH

(normal: .03-.!)

HIGH

Calcium

(normal: 25-57)

2.0

Magnesium

.1

(normal:

3-7)

Potassium

.2

(normal:

1-5)

Copper

.9

(normal: 1.1-3.1)

Zinc

(normal: 13-20)

3.0

HEAVY METAL TOXICITY: HAIR ANALYSIS

Cadmium

.4

Thyroid function was normal, but bacterial infections were present. Progenitor cryptocides were rated

were L forms, cogwheels, spent protoplasts,

granular cells

at

2Vi on a scale of

cells,

to 4.

misosomes, spicules,

and degenerate

cells.

count revealed: Hematocrit, 39 (normal, 40 to 50);

Present crystals,

A complete blood MCV, 79 (normal,

83 to 99), and Segmented, 67 (normal 50 to 65).

The next example studies an eighteen-year-old schizophrenic with autistic symptoms since childhood. John was first noted to have retarded speech development at age four. The chief complaint at the time of examination at age eighteen was that there was a lag in central-nervoussystem function. This included obsessional thinking,

mood

swings,

compulsive gesturing, obsessional thinking and hyperactivity.

The following symptoms were displayed food

tests

of single meals:

Foods

Reactions

Wheat

Sneezing, laughing, pacing

Corn Apple

Pacing,

irritability

Negativistic

Raisin

Sleepy and

Cherries

Negativistic, hyperactive

irritable

Sweet potato

Hyperactive

Tomato

Nausea, anxiety, vomiting

Beets

Hyperactive

Black olives

Headache which

lasted

two hours

in

response to deliberate

SUPERNUTRITION AND THE ORTHOMOLECULAR APPROACH

Cane sugar

Negativistic, restless

Dates

Running nose, hard

Milk

Talkative, hyperactive

55

to please

HAIR ANALYSIS: MINERALS

LOW LOW LOW LOW LOW

Manganese Lithium Iron

Calcium Zinc

HIGH HIGH

Sodium Potassium

A

folic acid deficiency

infections

were present.

A

was indicated by

the Figlu test. Bacterial

dark-field microscopic examination of the blood

revealed the microbe Progenitor cryptocides was present and rated

on a scale of cells,

to 4.

Also present

in the

at 2

blood were cogwheels, target

motile rods, granular cells and degenerate cells.

A

statement by John's mother

John weighed 9 normal except

l

/z

pounds

that

at birth.

For the

nineteen months of age, he was rarely restless

and unable

first

he was very active and hard to sleep at night.

still

year his development was to hold.

By

the time he

was

during the day and frequently

At three years of age he

resisted sitting

even long enough to eat and would often eat on the run. His food habits were rigid. He mainly ate toast, crackers, milk or soup. He greatly feared choking and ate only strained fruit, vegetables and meat. After the toddler stage he never seemed to have an appetite. Our concern grew over his delayed speech.

He could

say a few words but rarely spoke. Sometimes he seemed deaf.

Other times his hearing seemed hyperacute, and he would put his ears.

He communicated

his

his

hands over

wants mainly by taking an adult's hand and

leading him.

At an early age he began twirling objects such as pan lids and even lids. Between three and four years of age he began drawing the phases of the moon and traffic signs. He seemed fascinated by stop signs and

garbage can

would say "stop sign" over and over. Shortly before he was five years of age, he was admitted to the diagnostic nursery associated with a medical school. He was started on Melleril. Now he could speak in short sentences, but it still seemed a effort.

He

preferred to

work and play alone, ignoring

a drug,

painful

the other children.

BRAIN ALLERGIES

56

On reason.

several occasions, he had severe panic reactions for no apparent

When

he was six years old, he bolted out of a department store into

the street, obviously terrified, and refused for years to

After three years

diagnostic nursery,

at the

He had

a public school for retarded children.

go

we were

into this store.

him

told to place

stayed longer

at the

in

nursery

The next few years were a two years, a education class, and John was one of the

than any other child and was an enigma to them.

my

traumatic time for both

child and me. Fortunately, after

church school established a special first

admitted.

With exhausted

the onset of puberty, he

much

which were quite severe. He was

movements,

grew very rapidly and began

He had

of the time.

seem some of have bizarre hand to

continual respiratory infections,

irritable

and began

to

grimaces and a purposeless laugh. He developed severe

facial

hay fever and insomnia. In February, 1976,

when John was

still

eighteen years of age, he started

on Dr. Philpott's Orthomolecular-Ecologic regime. From the fasting,

we began

to notice a

continued to do so.

He

day of

doesn't need any drugs. Even before the food testing

was over, he was obviously much more effort.

third

change. John began to sleep soundly and has

alert

and was speaking with

less

Since being on the rotation diet and nutritional supplements prescribed,

he has continued to improve remarkably.

He

is

calm and

feels well.

The

grimaces, hand movements, and purposeless laugh gradually subsided

facial

over about six months of time. His skin [acne] has improved, and he has had

no more infections of any kind. His hay fever has subsided. He has developed interest in

many new

areas,

eager to go to school and

is

and has even acquired a sense of humor. He

making steady progress academically and

in a private

school with students of normal intelligence.

gymnastics

at

school. His increasing self-confidence

emotional maturity

is

a joy to behold.

is

He

is

socially

particularly enjoys

evident. His growing

1

Format for supernutrition Supernutrition

each

cell

is

oxygen and a

team of about right proporthe in just combined of which must be work together toward the ideal of perfect health. Thus it

suitable ambient temperature, but also a

forty nutrients, tions in order to is

based on the idea that an ideal optimal environment for

of our body includes not only an ample supply of water and

all

clear that adding any one nutrient to a person's diet as a supplement

can bring no favorable result unless the diet contains adequate amounts of all the other nutrients. A list of these vitamins, minerals and amino acids,

and of the foods high

in

them, can be found

in the

which contains much technical information not covered body of this book.

in

appendix, the

main

SUPERNUTRITION AND THE ORTHOMOLECULAR APPROACH

57

Obviously, the cells usually have to put up with environments fall short of the ideal. And even if there were a perfect assortment

which

of nutrients supplied to the body, the digestion, absorption and trans portation of these nutrients

not an automatic process that always takes

is

place with perfection. This, of course, implies that

biochemical chain supplied and

something

if

any

link in

the

or missing, the cells will be inadequately

The weak

health will quickly follow.

ill

like

weak

is

link

might be

an iron or calcium deficiency, a tyrosine (amino acid)

deficiency, a vitamin B-6 deficiency, an improper absorption or digestion of these nutrients, deficiency of a trace mineral like selenium or

molybdenum, and so

The

on.

result of

any of these deficiencies, plus

number of other

the possibility of an almost infinite

deficiencies,

is

always the same: an impoverished biochemical environment which inevitably leads to functional impairment.

Another roadblock on the pathway toward perfect health and an

optimum supply of

nutrients to

all

our cells

is

the fact that nutritional

needs are distinctively different for each and every person there can be

no general program

alive.

everyone can or must follow. Each

that

person's biochemical uniqueness must be taken into account.

example, safely assume

not, for

rich diet will provide adequate

necessary for

optimum

if

amino acids deficient.

the

can-

amino acids There are numerous digestive enzymes amino acids, some of which in certain

amounts of

health.

the former in

We

that furnishing a high-quality, protein-

which break down protein into people might be functioning well and Obviously,

Hence,

all

the essential

in others not functioning at all.

the case, there will be an adequate supply of

is

blood;

if

the

latter

is

true,

this

supply will be

For vitamins as well as minerals and trace elements, each

unique need levels are even more distinctive. In fact, vitamin-tolerance levels may vary as much as a thousandfold among individual's

patients in the clinic. It

becomes obvious

the field of nutrition trition

is

engaged tive

to

is

be used

in the light

of the preceding observations that

no playground for amateurs. Indeed, in

the

in the undertaking.

battle

against disease,

However,

if

supernu-

experts must be

there are certain limited preven-

and self-diagnostic measures an individual can usefully

take; these

are discussed in chapter nine.

The goal of body, and there

supernutrition

is

trition

optimum

health for each cell of the

substantial evidence that this goal can be attained or

closely approached. There

—because of and so on —

defective

is

may

be

cells, tissues or

organs that are so

genetic inheritance, environmental abuse, malnu-

that

they cannot be

reached by

supernutritional

— 58

BRAIN ALLERGIES

methods, but

this

have been made

should not be assumed to be true

do

to

until serious

attempts

so.

Linus Pauling, Ph.D., twice a Nobel Prize winner, defines Ortho-

molecular medicine as that discipline which "varies the concentrations of substances

(i.e.,

vitamins, minerals, trace elements, amino acids,

hormones, enzymes and so on) normally present

human body

in the

the treatment of disease and, in particular, mental disease.

in

The meth-

ods," he continues, "principally used now for treating patients with mental disease are psychotherapy (psychoanalysis and related efforts to provide insight and to decrease environmental stress), chemotherapy

(mainly with the use of powerful synthetic drugs, such as chlorpro-

mazine, or powerful natural products from plants, such as reserpine),

and convulsive shock therapy (electroconvulsive therapy, insulin coma therapy, pentylenetetrazol shock therapy). that another general

molecular therapy, to be the best

I

have reached the conclusion

method of treatment, which may be

may

be found to be of great value, and

method of treatment

Orthomolecular physicians

for

many

insist

patients."

that the

called Ortho-

may

turn out

2

against disease,

battle

and, in particular, mental disease, should always begin with weapons nutrients

For

if

— which

we

are

most similar

are sick in any

to nature's

own

biological weapons.

way, the Orthomolecular view

is

that the cells

of our bodies are ailing because they are being inadequately provisioned with the nutrients they need for proper metabolism and health.

become

already pointed out that, should a cell

group of nutrients,

its

We

deficient in any

entire function will be seriously impaired.

have

one or

And

if

you multiply one deranged cell by a few hundred million, then tissues and organs, even the brain, are affected, and one experiences what modern medicine calls degenerative disease. The brain, for example, is an organ composed of millions of orders behavior and has

cells.

disordered due to nutritional deficiencies a majority of the patients at our clinic

by changes (i.e.,

in

illusions,

It

memory. When

—

perceives, thinks, its

—and

feels,

metabolism becomes

this is usually the

case in

the brain expresses this disorder

perception of one or more of the senses or in thinking hallucinations,

delusions).

As

a result of an altered

perception of sense and reason, one's behavior and

mood

are often

dramatically changed for the worse.

The "team" of necessary nutrients are specific chemicals that can in varying amounts in each one of us. Enzymes catalyze or speed up the reactions in the body by which our food is broken down into these basic nutrients, which are required for structural development be found

SUPERNUTRITION AND THE ORTHOMOLECULAR APPROACH

and for the production of energy.

person with specific individual

If a

requirements for these nutrients lives on a diet which contains his

requirements,

produces

its

in nutrient

in

some evidence

among

syndrome. The reasons for the varying ranges individuals

it

was discovered

diet (a totally

B-3 deficient in

amazed

of pellagra.

to a

permanent dependency. Around very large dosages (mega-

diet) required

to

find that

mg

This amount

considered necessary by

many

some

adult pellagrins required

or larger of vitamin B-3 to keep them is

over sixty times as high as that

nutritionists to prevent pellagra. Further

evidence for deficiency-induced dependence comes of war kept

in

to us

from prisoners

Japanese prison camps for over forty-four months.

number of Canadian

is

order to keep them free of pellagra. The

maintenance dosages of 600 free

there

dogs maintained on a pellagra-producing

that

dosages) of vitamin B-3 researchers were

unknown, but

relatively

is

for example, a B-3 deficiency maintained for a

that,

prolonged period of time can lead 1935

less than

time he will develop a deficiency state which

characteristic

needs

59

soldiers maintained

on starvation

A

diets for this long

period suffered from a variety of nutrient deficiencies. These soldiers

have remained chronically are a

dozen veterans,

given specific nutrients icantly

all

in

ill

The exceptions

since their imprisonment.

once as seriously

ill

as the rest,

who were

megadosages. All these men improved

and have remained well since.

nutrient therapy, his original

When

one man

tried

signif-

going off his

symptoms developed almost immediately.

Convinced by his experiential evidence, he has remained on the program prescribed for him by an Orthomolecular physician.

nutrient

and an assortment of physical diseases, can result from a low concentration in the brain of any one of the following vitamins: thiamine (B-l), niacin (B-3), pyridoxine (B-6), hydroxocoMental

illness,

balamin (B-l 2), pantothenic acid,

folic

acid and ascorbic acid

(C).

Mental function and behavior can, of course, be affected by changes

now

the concentration in the brain of other nutrients, but for

closely

examine some of the

clinical

let

in

us

evidence concerning these espe-

cially significant vitamins.

Vitamin B-l (thiamine) deficiency causes loss of appetite, generated by cell malnutrition in the hypothalamus. Other symptoms can include irritability, depression, confusion, loss of concentrate, fear of impending noise. All of these in

doom and

memory,

symptoms disappear when thiamine

proper megadosages (Williams, 1971; Bruno, 1973).

Vitamin B-3 (niacin) deficiency

inability to

a rather acute sensitivity to

results

in

is

administered

3

pellagra.

The

earliest

BRAIN ALLERGIES

60

symptoms

are anxiety, depression, chronic fatigue and

complaints

1939; Frostig and Spies,

(Joliffe,

vague somatic

Hoffer,

1940;

1973).

3

Investigators Frostig and Spies classified sixty patients as suffering from pellagra.

All the patients manifested hyperactivity, hyperesthesia, de-

pression, fatigue, apprehension and insomnia, and

some

suffered with

chronic headaches. Clinically speaking, the requirement of vitamin B-3 for proper functioning of the brain

The psychosis of

well known.

is

pellagra, as well as the other manifestations of this deficiency disease,

mg

a day).

a deficiency has been established, this dosage

must be

prevented by the intake of a small amount of niacin (20

However, once

is

increased significantly. Acute cases of pellagra quickly respond to

to 2

1

g of niacin a day, but the chronic cases respond more slowly and often

have

double

to

dosage.

this

1939 Cleckley,

In

Geeslin reported the successful treatment of nineteen patients severe psychiatric

symptoms with

and

Sydenstricker

with

niacin, and in 1941 Sydenstricker

and

Cleckley reported similarly successful treatment of twenty-nine patients with niacin. In both studies, moderately large dosages of niacin (.3 to 1.5 g a day)

were given. In 1964 Hoffer and Osmond reported

that a

ten-year double-blind study evaluation of patients using niacin and those

not using the vitamin demonstrated that 75 percent of those using the nutrient did not require hospitalization during this period, while only 36

who had

percent of the comparison group

not received niacin did not

require hospitalization.

Nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide is

required

for

the

(NAD)

proper function of

vital

is

an active enzyme that

areas

of the brain.

schizophrenia, there appears to be a failure to deliver enough the brain.

Vitamin B-3

an amino acid, into

is

NAD

to

required for the transformation of tryptophan,

NAD.

If there is a niacin

NAD

transformation of tryptophan into

only a

In

NAD

deficiency, this necessary

and there

inhibited,

is

is

not

deficiency established, but there

is

also an overload of

tryptophan in the brain's chemistry. Tryptophan

is

considered to be one

of the most toxic of

all

the

amino

can be very harmful, especially

because is

it

if

acids.

it

is

An

overload of

it

in the brain

not properly converted into

can cause undesirable perceptual and

mood

changes.

a B-3 deficiency, for whatever reason, the consequent

NAD,

If there

NAD deficiency

will lead to ever-increasing tryptophan overload uninterruptedly unless

and

until the

proper levels of B-3 are given.

Pyridoxine. or vitamin B-6,

that

is

used

in

the treatment of cerebral

by many Orthomolecular physicians. There is clinical evidence pyridoxine is involved in the tryptophan-niacin metabolism previously

allergies

SUPERNUTRITION AND THE ORTHOMOLECULAR APPROACH

explained. Moreover, B-6 is

is

6/

enzyme reactions, amino acids, and Is immunologic system. A

a precursor to over sixty

necessary for the proper metabolism of

the

all

required for the maintenance of a stable

substance called kryptopyrrole (also called the

"mauve

been shown to be abnormally present

of psychiatric patients,

in the urine

factor") has

especially schizophrenics, and to deplete the system of B-6 and zinc. Patients with too

much KP

(i.e.,

mg

over 20

l

per 100 ml of blood) must

be given megadoses of pyridoxine as well as zinc and usually respond favorably to these nutrient supplements. Moreover, since B-6 to

NAD,

any deficiency

tryptophan overload,

is

in

this

related

is

along with the corresponding

area,

easily corrected with the proper

B-6 and B-3

supplementation therapy.

A

higher incidence of B-12 deficiencies has been discovered

mental patients than

in the general population.

Symptoms

resulting

in

from

B-12 deficiency range from poor concentration to stuporous depression, severe agitation and hallucinations. Pernicious anemia is a betterknown symptom of this vitamin deficiency. Edwin and his associates have reported that the amount of vitamin B-12 in the serum of every

Norway

patient over thirty years old admitted to a mental hospital in

during a period of one year clearly demonstrated a 15.4 percent pathologically

low concentration of the

nutrient.

H. L. Newbold, M.D.,

suggests that when the serum B-12 level is below 200 meg per ml of if not blood, the patients should be routinely given at least monthly

weekly their

—

—

hydroxocobalamin 1000 mcg/ml the remainder of Certainly, this is good advice in view of the possible

injections of

lives.

consequences of demyelination of the spinal cord and the brain states

where the serum B-12

is

low.

Volunteers fed a diet which was low quickly became emotionally upset,

pressed and dizzy. Recently, Roger

irritable, J.

al,

pantothenic acid very

quarrelsome, sullen, de-

stress, physical

and emotionis

almost

to the fact that this nutrient supports the adrenal

gland,

after receiving large

due

in

Williams discovered that both

animals and humans could withstand more

certainly

itself in

dosages of pantothenic acid. This

which handles physical as well as emotional stress via hormone regulation. Williams has also discovered that the wide variance observed in reactions of his subjects indicates that specific requirements of panto-

may vary greatly. Patients who are allergic

thenic acid

to

wheat gluten are usually low

in

histamine. Pfeiffer has clinically observed that this type of patient

only low in blood histamine, but usually

is

high in

blood is

not

serum copper and low

BRAIN ALLERGIES

62

5

These patients are normally overstimulated, paranoid and hallucinatory and respond well to niacin, B-12 and folic acid (2 mg daily). Folic acid in conjunction with weekly B-12 shots raises the blood in folic acid.

same time lowering the degree of psychopathology. 6 was reported as far back as 1942 by M. K. Horwitt and by later

histamine, at the It

investigators that

schizophrenic patients receiving the usual dietary

C

amounts of vitamin

had considerably lower concentrations of

nutrient in their blood than people in

controlled

trial

reported in

of vitamin

C

1963 by Milner.

A

health.

this

very important

was

chronic psychiatric patients

in 7

good

The double-blind study was made

with 40 chronic male patients: 34 had schizophrenia, 4 had manicdepressive psychosis, and 2 had general paresis. Twenty of the patients, selected at random, were given 1000

weeks; the

rest

mg

of vitamin

C

a day for three

of the group received a placebo. The patients were tested

with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

Wittenborn Psychiatric Rating Scales Milner concluded that

(WPRS)

statistically significant

(MMPI) and

before and after the

improvement

the

trial.

depres-

in the

manic, and paranoid symptoms-complexes, together with an improve-

sive,

ment

in overall personality functioning,

He went on

tion with ascorbic acid. atric patients

would benefit from

was obtained following

to suggest that

many

satura-

chronic psychi-

the administration of ascorbic acid.

In another test of schizophrenic patients,

discussed in detail in

chapter nine, Linus Pauling concluded: "I have no doubt that

many

schizophrenic patients would benefit from an increased intake of ascor8

Obviously, this must be true when one considers the fact some schizophrenics, one can give as high as 40 g per day before spills into the patient's urine. This same occurrence happens when a

bic acid." that in it

nonschizophrenic individual contracts a severe virus infection and given vitamin

C

in large

given before a urine spillage

noticed.

is

between vitamin C, infections, and mental detail later on, but, for

now,

let

studies have proven that vitamin to

is

dosages. Megadosages of the nutrient can be

The

relationships

illness will

existing

be discussed

in

us concede that clinical double-blind

C

is

beneficial not only to physical but

mental health.

Some

important minerals deserve mention. Potassium, for exam-

can be related to mental health. Symptoms of extreme fatigue, indifference, muscle weakness and a lack of feeling were manifested by

ple,

healthy volunteers

who were

fed a potassium-deficient diet.

symptoms disappeared following administration of chloride. Potassium

is

9

These

10 g of potassium

also an essential mineral present in intracellular

SUPERNUTRITION AND THE ORTHOMOLECULAR APPROACH

63

It is necessary for proper growth and nerve function and is needed for certain enzyme reactions and synthesis of muscle protein. Potassium deficiencies can be caused by alcohol, coffee and excessive

fluid.

use of

salt

and sugar.

Many

patients taking diuretics run into

trouble

with potassium deficiencies. They should always attempt to eat foods naturally

rich

the

in

mineral,

such as oranges, bananas or freshly

prepared vegetables.

Calcium

is

the

most abundant mineral

percent of calcium utilized by the body

is

in the

body. Ninety-nine

deposited in bones and teeth.

The remainder, located in the soft tissues, performs a number of necessary functions. Calcium aids in muscle contraction, including heartbeat, and

in

blood clotting and the transmission of neuromotor impulses.

Symptoms of calcium

deficiency are muscular

irritability,

softening of

the bones, especially serious in the aged, and rickets in children. Since

very large dosages of vitamin

C

can chelate calcium out of the body,

important to supplement the diet with

it

most important mineral when vitamin C therapy is indicated. Moreover, calcium will not function properly unless magnesium, phosphorus, vitamins A and D, proteins and a normal pH (or a normal acid-base) environment are is

this

present.

Magnesium

is

essential in metabolic processes, activating

regulating the body's

and

tein synthesis,

diet

also,

pH,

utilization of vitamins C, E,

and the B-complex.

A

very high in calcium necessitates a dietary increase of magnesium; a high

deficiency

is

alcohol

intake

can lead to magnesium deficiency.

serious and can cause depression,

irregular heartbeat, cirrhosis of the liver

Parenthetically,

who

enzymes,

assisting in neuromuscular contraction, pro-

irritability,

and hardening of the

magnesium supplementation

will

Its

tremors, arteries.

be required for those

take large amounts of vitamin B-l. Williams has reported paranoia

symptom of severe magnesium 10 peared when magnesium was given. as a

deficiency.

Phosphorus functions with calcium and cell. It is essential to the

is

The paranoia

present in every

disap-

human

digestion of niacin and riboflavin. Excesses of

mineral can result in a loss of calcium. Eighty percent of the body's phosphorus levels are used for bones and teeth in combination with this

calcium. Phosphorus also bonds itself with nicotinic acid to carry on other physiological processes. Since phosphorus combines with other substances in most foods, it is somewhat difficult to sustain a phos-

phorus deficiency.

Normally found

in

all

human

tissues,

zinc

is

essential

for the

BRAIN ALLERGIES

64

more than

synthesis of protein and the action of

mentioned needed

enzyme

earlier,

in trace

it

is

amounts

related

to

enzymes. As

thirty

kryptopyrrole manifestations.

B

for proper function of the

A

reactions, and tissue respiration. Vitamin

flat

is

must be present for

zinc to be absorbed. Zinc deficiency affects taste and smell and

cause apathy,

It

vitamins, certain

emotional responses and lethargy.

may

Other zinc-

deficiency-related problems are: retardation of growth (as a result of unpalatability of food): delayed tion:

wound

interrupted reproduc-

healing:

diminished learning capacity: and general diminishment of proper

protein and carbohydrate metabolism.

Furthermore, zinc

is

related to

sexual function, and impotent males deficient

in this particular

many months of zinc supplementation regained. The human skin contains about 20

before normal potency

require

zinc.

percent of

mineral is

the body's

all

Zinc-deficient fingernails and toenails will be brittle and show

opaque white spots on them.

When

the skin

deficient of this important

is

mineral, stretch marks appear over hips, thighs, abdomen, breasts and shoulders.

According

to

Pfeiffer.

zinc

deficiency

is

likely

to

appear

during the following conditions: pregnancy, rapid growth years, puberty,

severe stress conditions, serious illness and birth-control medication,

which elevates copper Iron

is

diminishment of

levels, resulting in a

probably the best known of

functions are in the production of hemoglobin in

muscle

An

tissue.

hemoglobin and

iron

deficiency

minerals.

the

all

in

It

is

Its

major

blood and myoglobin

cause an insufficiency of

will

resultant anemia. Iron deficiency can result

orrhage or simply poor assimilation.

zinc.

noteworthy

to

from hem-

mention

that

coffee and tea interfere with proper iron absorption.

Manganese is

also essential

is

essential in trace

synthesis of acetylcholine, which

may

amounts

as an

and brain function.

for nerve

is

It

enzyme is

a neurotransmitter,

activator.

required for

and a deficiency

be causally connected with diabetes mellitus, as diabetics appear

have low manganese levels

in

their bodies.

It

the

to

Zinc and manganese work

Animals deficient in manganese demonstrate retarded growth, hyperactivity, uncoordinated movements and poor equilibrium. Copper is considered by some to be primarily toxic, but it does in together to reduce excess copper in the body.

fact play an important role in iron absorption, functioning of vitamin C.

synthesis of phospholipids, bone formation.

RNA

production and for-

mation of red blood

cells.

Certain conditions, such as pregnancy or the

use of birth-control

pills,

cause an elevation

Excess copper levels have

in

serum

i

blood) copper.

been recorded frequently in different groups

SUPERNUTRITION AND THE ORTHOMOLECULAR APPROACH

63

of schizophrenics. Interestingly enough, copper and zinc are biologically antagonistic

toward each other; therefore,

either or both of these metals,

animal studies using

in

has been shown that any dietary excess

it

Any

of one will automatically lead to a depletion of the other.

copper pipes

home plumbing systems adds

our

in

excessive

The common use

ingestion of copper will cause health problems.

of

to the possibility of

such an excessive ingestion due to the leaching of the mineral into drinking water.

comes from minutes

been

in

It

good idea to avoid drinking the first water that plumbing system. Let it run for a few

a

is

the tap of a copper

order to reduce the copper levels found

sitting in the pipes for a

Sodium

in the

long time.

both essential and abundant and

is

water that has

is

present in almost

every food. In extracellular fluid, sodium functions with potassium to

keep blood minerals soluble and

to aid in digestion.

Too much sodium

should be avoided since such an excess can damage the heart and the

On

kidneys.

other hand,

the

patients

with

Addison's disease or

a

weakened adrenal system can experience severe fatigue partly because of the lack of a sodium-retention hormone secreted by the adrenal gland. Also, sodium deficiency has become an increasingly more serious problem in recent years because of the widespread use of diuretic drugs. Chromium must be present in order for the insulin hormone of the pancreas to function properly and supply glucose (blood sugar) to every cell

of the body.

As

further research develops, this mineral will receive

intensive investigation as a treatment possibility for diabetes mellitus

and other blood-sugar-related disorders.

Selenium

is

not toxic

in

amounts

absolutely essential trace mineral.

vitamin

E and works

as

its

It

less

than 5

mg

and

is

an

greatly increases the efficacy of

partner as an antioxidant.

It

also helps to

maintain tissue elasticity and prevent chromosome breakage. Moreover, it

protects us against toxic levels of trace poisons such as

mercury.

It

interesting to note that

is

when selenium

cadmium and

intake has been

low, the cancer rate has been high. Iodine in trace amounts

metabolism, as

it

is

a

is

necessary for proper thyroid function and

component of

Although large doses of iodine are highly

common and may at

a

hormone thyroxine. deficiencies are more

the thyroid toxic,

result in goiter or hypothyroidism.

When

young age, both physical and mental development

producing cretinism and feeblemindedness. Iodine table salt

and

is

abundantly present

The concept

that

in

some minerals

is

this is

happens stunted,

regularly added to

seafood. as well as vitamins,

now

called

BRAIN ALLERGIES

66

micronutrients,

may

be deficient

some types of

in

physical and mental

not entirely new.

What

illness,

and

new

the fact that Orthomolecular physicians are using biochemical

is

schizophrenia,

in particular in

is

is

analysis in order to treat these specific deficiencies and finding success in

doing

so.

always important

It is

ranged according to the findings there can be

in

remember

to

that supernutrition

is

ar-

each individual's case. Consequently,

no general program appropriate for everyone, and only a

very rough outline of specific dosages of these nutrients can be given.

Niacin or niacinamide should not exceed 1000

amount or

day; half that

must be

tailored

less

reactions of each patient.

causing diarrhea.

A

is

preferable.

severity

the

to

mg

The dosage of every vitamin

of the individual

C

Vitamin

allergic-addictive

should be kept below the level

reasonable dose would be 6,

8 or

twenty-four-hour period. These dosages should be given equal amounts.

Some

vitamin

when

C

in three to four

C

is

effective.

It

should be pointed

treating opportunist-infectious microbes, the dosages of

can be raised. Intravenous use of the nutrient

in this respect.

10 g for a

people can tolerate sodium ascorbate better than

ascorbic acid. Either form of vitamin

out that

three times a

Some

physicians give as

much

venously over a period of twenty-four hours resistant infectious invasion.

as in

50

is

very effective

to

150 g

intra-

cases of extremely

Such dosages should be given only under

direct medical supervision.

The range of vitamin B-6 should be from a minimum of 50 mg maximum of 500 mg three times a day. When using dosages as much as 1000 mg three times a day, numbness of the hands and feet have been reported. Folic acid is given at 400 meg to mg three times a day. No side effects have been noted. However, folic three times a day to a

1

acid should not be given by itself in a B-12-deficient patient.

Vitamin B-12

deficiency must be indicated by prior testing. routinely given, but sufficient.

No

adverse

two

to three times a

crude

week

is

orally,

1000

given intramuscularly along with

to three times a

(B-5)

is

given for

function and three

1

cc of

liver.

Vitamins B-l, B-2, B-5 and B-6 can range

two

not

meg three times a day is known from this dosage. If side effects are abnormally low, 1000 meg of hydroxocobalamin

when given

vitamin B-12 levels are

B-12 is

is

its

to

500

mg

its

dosages from 50

mg

three times a day. Pantothenic acid

supportive as well as stimulating value for adrenal

used empirically

times a day)

metabolism and

day

in

is

in this respect.

used empirically for

detoxifying values.

its

Vitamin

E (400

units

improvement of

The wheat-allergic

fat

patient should

SUPERNUTRITION AND THE ORTHOMOLECULAR APPROACH

E from wheat-germ

not use vitamin

but a synthetic

oil,

form.

67

is

It

important to note that vitamins B-6 and B-2 should be given together

In

order to maintain balanced nutrition. Large dosages of B-6 are thought

produce a relative riboflavin deficiency;

to

bility,

sometimes best

is

it

order to avoid this possi-

in

to give both vitamins in equal

amounts.

A and D are also given empirically. Carl Reich, M.D., A and D as being useful in asthma." would be expected,

Vitamins reports

It

therefore, to be useful in cerebral allergies and schizophrenia simply

because the gastric mucosa are affected

which

lesion

is

When

three times a day.

from 400 units can

later It

to

A

D

is

is

used the dosage range can be

may

in severely allergic patients.

be maintained

at a

a matter of biochemical

is

D

dosages

After that period

high level or reduced. This,

individuality

Orthomolecular physicians are specifically trained

in

in the

each patient. proper dosages

nutrients.

An months

hair-analysis

initial

to

test,

which should be repeated

one year, can serve as a guide

sary minerals.

um

and

be necessary to maintain these high dosages of vitamins two

of time, the dosage

all

A

1250 units three times a day. Both

months or more

of course,

of

wheat-allergy celiac

given as 10,000 units

be reduced based on individual tolerance and need.

may

or three

vitamin

the

in

frequently present. Vitamin

The

to

six

possibility of toxic levels of lead, mercury, cadmi-

or arsenic are also determined by the hair analysis.

to define the

in

supplementation of neces-

Knowing how

mineral element status of the patient, knowing the clinical

them is a The narrow normal ranges and delicate

signs of deficiencies, imbalances or toxicities and defining

major part of

clinical nutrition.

balances for the major minerals, and especially the trace elements,

demand

a

element

state.

hair as a

precise,

accurate

determination of the

Both essential and toxic elements have been this

patient's

mineral-

Numerous studies have demonstrated the usefulness of recording medium of intake and retention of mineral elements.

method and have

clinically

monitored using

clearly indicated reliable correlations

between

hair elemental values and clinical manifestations of mineral excesses

and deficiencies. Mineral supplements, such as zinc, magnesium and manganese, are best

when provided

in

chelated form. Chelation means that

the

bonded to a protein molecule, giving better absorption and of the mineral. Potassium can be provided as potassiumgluconate tablets. Also, a sodium supplement is sometimes needed, and ordinary sea salt is the best source. When high dosages of B-6 and C are mineral

is

utilization

68

BRAIN ALLERGIES

used,

it

sometimes advisable

is

sium. Calcium

vitamin

C

is

used.

other minerals.

also

The It

to

supplement extra sodium and potas-

needed when there

a relatively large

is

amount of

hair analysis will indicate the need for these and

important to check the hair

is

test

serum

against

calcium, magnesium, zinc and chromium, which give a picture of the

immediate

of affairs. Sometimes high calcium in the hair

state

by a metabolic problem of excessive calcium deposit face of a serum calcium deficiency.

Sometimes to

there are substances in the vitamin-mineral supplements

which some people

cornstarch as a

others

filler;

Some

are very sensitive.

may have

some manufacturers

Fortunately,

caused

is

in the hair in the

are

of such substances and consequently

tablets

sugar or food colorings

aware of the

make

contain

will

in

them.

allergic possibilities

their products without these

ingredients. In order to avoid any possible misunderstanding or trouble

when beginning on of

all

a

supplement program, one should always be aware

ingredients

the

in

each supplement.

complications

consideration,

may

arise.

If

If

this

is

someone

not taken is

into

sensitive

to

hydrocarbons, for example, any supplements which contain coloring

may evoke would do

a serious allergic reaction. In such a case, the supplement

the patient

more harm than good.

In milk-sensitive people,

supplements that contain lactose (milk sugar) must be avoided. is

any doubt about the supplement,

turer

it

is

If there

advisable to write the manufac-

and inquire about the product. There are many cases which are not suitable for home diagnosis

and treatment of supernutrition. has been done.

testing

A

No

person,

one knows who these are for

example,

deficiency which requires intramuscular injections not be

known

unless testing

may have

until

B-12 of B-12. This would

was done. The same thing may be

a

true of

The mineral content of the hair is not known unless a hair made, and the same is true for the amino-acid content. Toxic minerals such as lead, mercury or excessive copper may be present and folic acid.

analysis

is

not discovered until testing often vital to patients

is

done. With toxic metal problems,

it

is

discover the source of the contamination. There have been

whose water supply was badly contaminated:

there

was another

case in which the eating of a large amount of tuna created mercury

heavy consumption of tobacco sometimes of cadmium. I recall one woman whose hair

poisoning

in the patient; the

creates

toxic

a

level

coloring mixture contained lead: she was absorbing

it

and a severe case of lead poisoning developed

her over the years.

These problems and many similar ones

in

through her scalp,

will usually not be recognized

SUPERNUTRITION AND THE ORTHOMOLECULAR APPROACH

except by a trained clinician. treat,

go

and

if

I

must emphasize

that

you

test

you use supplements, know exactly what you

to a trained

Orthomolecular physician,

cases which have given

him

who

6V

before you

are doing, or

has had thousands of

priceless insights into the proper treatment

of biochemical deficiencies.

The elements

correct balancing of vitamins, minerals, is

amimo

acids and trace

essential in the successful treatment of degenerative disease.

But treatment procedures do not stop with these

tools.

New

discoveries

about the biochemical functioning of proteolytic enzymes and amino acids,

and

their use

in

the treatment of disease,

have given Ortho-

molecular physicians a better grasp of the fundamental principle that

all

when used together as a team. Therefore, let us turn our attention to some very important players on the team of nutrients necessary for optimum health. nutrients always

work

best

PROTEOLYTIC-ENZYME AND AMINO-ACID THERAPY IN DEGENERATIVE DISEASE

Since the 1920s medical practitioners have been recording individual

maladaptive reactions to foods and chemicals observed as emerging during controlled systematic

test

As we have

exposures.

seen, these

reactions are especially acute after a four-to-six-day period of avoidance

of incriminated substances. These reactions have been varyingly characterized as

hypersensitive and maladaptive or as enzymatic-

allergic,

deficiency reactions. Substances evoking these reactions are far more

numerous than

the proteins conventionally associated with allergic reac-

and include

all food categories and chemicals, especially those most frequently contacted. The types of reactions evoked are as varied

tions

as the

many

tissues

and organ systems of the human body; therefore,

mental as well as physical symptoms can occur.

The pancreas

is

the first endocrine-exocrine organ to be influenced

by contact with ingested foods and chemicals. task of

making useful metabolic products from

and also of buffering against reactions

An

to

It

has the monumental

the ingested substances

any of these substances.

overstimulated pancreas follows the same general law that other

overstimulated tissues and organ systems follow: overstimulation eventually leads to inhibition of function.

It

is

well

documented

that addic-

tion to alcohol (which, of course, overstimulates the pancreas) leads to

pancreatic insufficiency.

What has been

little

appreciated

is

that

all

addictions, whether they are to foods of any kind, chemicals, tobacco

and/or alcohol, lead to pancreatic insufficiency of varying degrees. Most affected in pancreatic insufficiency

is

the bicarbonate production, followed

by the organ's enzyme production, and

To understand 70

least

of

all its

insulin production.

the significance of pancreatic insufficiency,

we need

PROTEOLYTIC-ENZYME AND AMINO-ACID THERAPY

to

examine

IN

DEGENERATIVE DISEASE

the basic physiology of the pancreas's function.

most important systemic functions

is

to

One

of

71

its

supply proteolytic enzymes

(enzymes from the pancreas that aid in the digestion oi~ proteins to amino acids) which act as regulatory mechanisms over inflammatory

Among

reactions in the body.

the several substances in the

human body

capable of evoking inflammatory reactions are the tissue hormones

known

as kinins. Kinin reactions are usually the

severe, and the

most

painful.

most frequent, the most These hormones are evoked by inflamma-

tory substances (foods, chemicals, and so on) to allergic.

Consequently, symptoms of

tion of kinin

inflammation

all

which a person may be

kinds are caused by the produc-

in specific tissues or

organs (including the

brain) responding to contact with specific allergy-evoking substances.

Proteolytic trol

enzymes have

over kinin-mediated inflammation and are capable of actually

blocking the rise to

a regulatory and inflammation-resolving con-

in kinins.

Thus these substances

are powerful

enough

prevent the kinin-mediated reaction from occurring. The liver pro-

duces the proteolytic enzyme orgotein (superoxide dysmutase), which important in the control proteolytic bolite

enzyme

of inflammation.

fibrinolysin.

Heparin

is

The

is

blood contains the

a widespread tissue meta-

which has powerful anti-inflammatory value.

The consequence of an insufficiency of pancreatic proteolytic enzymes is poor digestion of proteins to amino acids. Proteolytic enzymes are built from amino acids, and if amino acids are deficient, these inflammation-resolving and inflammation-blocking enzymes will also be deficient. More specifically, if amino acids are deficient, they will fail to activate the duodenal and jejunal mucosa to produce cholecystokininin turn, evokes proteolytic-enzyme secretions from the pancreas. However, with an amino-acid deficiency, there is more than just a reduced enzyme production from the pancreas. Hor-

pancreazyme, which,

mones and antibodies performing

their vital functions are

reduced

in

and quantity. Excessive demand for vitamins, minerals and B-6 and its helpers zinc and magnesium, is also established. This demand sets up a chain of deficiencies which quality

trace elements, especially

usually results in a further weakening of pancreatic function, infectious invasion due to unhealthy tissues, and low immunological defenses. But

what is most important to understand here is the fact that poor digestion of proteins to amino acids occurs as a consequence of insufficient pancreatic proteolytic enzymes. As a result, unusable inflammationevoking protein molecules are absorbed through the

and circulated

in the

intestinal

mucosa

blood, reaching tissues in partially digested form.

72

BRAIN ALLERGIES

As

partially digested protein

molecules (peptides), they are treated as

invaders in the body and establish kinin-mediated inflammation in specific

we

organ or tissue targets. This fact becomes of special import when

realize that there

two-thirds of

may

all

test

is

information justifying the conclusion that

maladaptive reactions to substances to which a patient

be allergic are kinin-mediated inflammatory reactions (non-immuno-

logic) or other similar

inflammatory reactions. The other one-third are

antibody histamine-mediated inflammations (immunologic). tissue

common

swelling,

reactions,

guishable.

to

Edema

or

both histamine and kinin inflammatory

makes these inflammatory experiences However, kinin inflammations are more

clinically

indistin-

likely to be painful

when

than histamine inflammatory reactions since kinins evoke pain

in

contact with nerve endings. Gastric digestion occurs in an acid

pH medium

best function occurring at a

of

functions in an alkaline

of

of 8 to

9.

1

medium (pH

.8 to 2),

pH

of 1.8 to 3, with

while the small intestine

6.8 and higher, and best

The pancreas produces bicarbonate, and

the fluids

at a

pH

coming

from the pancreas normally have a pH of 8. It is significant to note that enzymes from the pancreas function in a neutral to alkaline

proteolytic

medium, and function are destroyed

in

best in a

pH medium

of 8 to

9.

These enzymes

an acid medium. The consequences of insufficient

pancreatic bicarbonate (alkaline

medium

for the

enzymes)

are: (1) acute

metabolic acidosis after meals, since the pancreatic bicarbonate has not neutralized the acid from the stomach as (2) inactivation

it

empties into the duodenum;

of and/or destruction of proteolytic enzymes from the

pancreas; and (3) injury to the small intestine's mucosa. In order to

avoid metabolic acidosis, bicarbonate lytic

is

often prescribed with proteo-

enzymes, since the latter cannot function without the former. growing number of psychiatrists who have demonstrated mal-

A

adaptive reactions to foods and various chemicals to be different forms of degenerative disease are finding that, not, these maladaptive reactions,

whether manifested

common

in

more often than in

mental and/or

physical symptoms, reveal the presence of pancreatic insufficiency ranging from

mild to severe and from reversible to irreversible. These

psychiatrists maintain that, since pancreatic proteolytic

enzymes (chymo-

trypsin and carboxypeptidase) are anti-kinin or anti-inflammatory agents,

they can in effect be characterized as nature's tranquilizers. That

is,

established that the pancreas has the essential job of providing

enzymes

that control inflammation,

chemical allergic reaction

whether due in

to a cut, a bruise, or a

nature

food or

any tissue or organ of the body. Nature has

PROTEOLYTIC-ENZYME AND AMINO-ACID THERAPY

also arranged

it

IN

DEGENERATIVE DISEASE

so that the pancreatic proteolytic

73

enzymes have no

observable feedback mechanism or disease-producing side effects. In contrast to the

kt

no harm" principle of proteolytic enzymes, the

major tranquilizers (phenothiazine), antidepressants (impiramine hydrochloride) and lithium, which many medical men have used in the past

few decades

have the major disadvan-

to inhibit kinin reactions,

tages of frequently producing chronic diseases such as parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesia, as well as a four- to fivefold increase in the inci-

dence of overt

clinical diabetes.

1

Moreover, while these drugs do indeed

lower kinin inflammation, they do not

alter the basic disease process,

which continues and may even worsen.

On

the other hand,

nature's proteolytic

enzyme therapy (which

effectively controls kinin inflammation without producing clinical side

coupled with a proper rotation

effects),

diet,

optimum

nutrient intake

specifically designed for individual deficiencies, and the elimination of

which a person has a maladaptive reaction, actually slows down the disease process and can, at times, any incriminating food or chemical

to

even reverse physical or mental degeneration. This

zymes,

what

is

we now have

not to say that, since

no longer matters what a person

it

his basic nutritional state

is.

It

eats,

anti-inflammatory en-

smokes, or drinks or

matters very much!

A

person cannot

be nutritionally deficient, toxic, infected or addicted to any food or

chemical without suffering the consequences of progression of the

dis-

some type. Providing enzymes and bicarbonate simply

ease process into a chronic degenerative illness of

amino

acids,

pancreatic proteolytic

provides physiological supplements

reasonably successful treatment, other dynamics of the

it

in a stress-failing

organism. But for

cannot be overemphasized

human organism must be honored;

that all the

i.e.,

reduced

physiological and psychological stresses, no addictions to any food or

chemical (including tobacco and alcohol), optimum nutrition, optimum exercise,

optimum

rest

and optimum immunological defense against

opportunist microbes. As we have already learned previously, symptomevoking foods, chemicals and inhalants need to be identified and avoided and thereafter spaced with a frequency below what will occasion

symptom

production.

In short, pancreatic proteolytic-enzyme therapy

one useful

tool

among many

is

to

be viewed as

within the dynamics of Orthomolecular-

Ecological medicine rather than as a patch on inflammations, as has

been the practice with chemical tranquilizers, antidepressants, sedatives and hypnotics.

74

BRAIN ALLERGIES

Brief summaries of three case histories (given in detail

appendix) demonstrate the dramatic effects of

A

twenty-six-year-old

woman

the

in

this treatment.

diagnosed as suffering from catatonic

schizophrenia showed symptoms of sweating hands, followed by tension progressing to catatonia after a test

was repeated

after

test

meal of cheddar cheese.

two administrations of

1

,670

mg

When

the

of concentrated

pancreatic enzymes, followed by a quarter-teaspoon of a mixture of

sodium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate, there was no tension or catatonia and only minor sweating of the hands.

A

twenty-seven-year-old

woman

suffering from chronic schizo-

affective reaction displayed a severe diabetic reaction (elevated blood

sugar), tension, trembling, irritability and anger one hour after a test

meal of

raisins. Repetition

the first case, resulted in

of the

test,

with enzymes administered as in

no symptoms; blood sugar was normal. Testing

with apples gave a similar result.

A

twenty-three-year-old schizophrenic

man who

reacted severely to

contact with exhaust fumes, perfumes and other airborne

substances

showed only minor improvement when tested for these substances after various enzymes were administered; however, after combining amino acids with the proteolytic enzymes, testing left him free of all but minor physical symptoms a brief nasal stuffiness at the beginning of the test.

—

It is

unwise

to use only

proteolytic-enzyme and amino-acid therapy

for schizophrenia or other chronic degenerative diseases in the expectation of a miraculous cure.

Other nutrient deficiencies, metabolic errors,

infections, physical stresses

and emotional stresses must

all

be kept

in

mind when attempting to treat severe degenerative diseases. To achieve a dynamic homeostasis equilibrium, all isolatable factors should be treated appropriately and simultaneously. However, it seems apparent that proteolytic-enzyme

important role

in the

and amino-acid supplementation

treatment of

many

will

play an

chronic degenerative diseases,

including the major mental conditions such as schizophrenia, manic-

depressive reactions, psychotic depression and autism. Although

concentrated here on schizophrenia,

it

should be understood that

it

I

have is

one of the chronic degenerative diseases and has characteristics

common

but in

with several other chronic degenerative conditions, particularly

diabetes mellitus and hypoglycemia. These will be discussed in detail in

Chapter

ten.

THE HEALING POWERS OF VITAMIN C

In treating infections of

all

kinds and their associated symptoms, physi-

make wide use of antibiotics. A few years ago when the populawas two hundred million, we Americans consumed 4,037,000 pounds of penicillin in one year. There is no doubt that penicillin has saved many lives and has considerably reduced the amount of human suffering in our country. The trouble with all this is that when doctors cians tion

think entirely in terms of immediate

symptomatic

relief

of specific they

infections via the use of a broad range of different antibiotics,

ignore the underlying nutritional deficiencies associated with the disease process.

Thus they

make

are closing their eyes to the opportunities to

people's nutritionally supported immunological defense systems more resistant to future infectious invasion.

As

a result of this current medical

most fundamental weapons available

practice, the

in the battle

against

most ignored by modern medicine: nua gross error since, as I hope I have already demonstrated, micro-environment of our body cells is the most crucially

infectious disease are those trients.

This

is

the nutritional

important factor involved in maintaining health, and deficiencies

in this

environment constitute a major cause of disease. More specifically, acute nutritional deficiencies can actually produce a fertile medium for opportunist infectious organisms to flourish.

Roger

J.

Chemistry Society put ailing, as they

and past president of the American succinctly when he said: "If our body cells are

Williams, Ph.D. it

must be

in disease, then

chances are excellent that

because they are being inadequately provisioned. The these cells

may need

includes not only

all

list

it

is

of things that

amino acids and

all

the

minerals, plus trace elements, but about fifteen vitamins and probably 75

76

BRAIN ALLERGIES

many

other coenzymes, nutrilites and metabolites."

"Drugs

maintains:

The

at best are

[drugs]

connection with the disease process unlike nature's

not eliminate

ble."

2

itself.

.

.

.

Statistics

—one

to.

his

doubles. This

.

.

These drugs are wholly

us

tell

that

to the real source of the

much

as

and a half million

—

as

are

5

percent of

now

trou-

hospital

all

the result of adverse

Once

legally acquired prescription drugs.

reactions hospital,

.

have no known

and often complicate the physi-

patient,

by erasing valuable clues as

admissions

that they

is

weapons [nutrients] .... They tend to mask the difficulty, They contaminate the internal environment, create it.

dependence on the part of the cian's job

as Williams

only a palliative form of treatment.

weapons

basic fault of these

And

1

a patient

in the

is

chances of acquiring drug-induced sickness more than

means

that

over three and a half million people experience

drug-induced internal contamination and dependence.

many

In light of these facts,

physicians are beginning to insist that

— forms of — should always be on weapons which most

the primary reliance in the battle against infectious disease

disease, for that matter

own

all

are

With

in

mind,

Linus Pauling coined the term Orthomolecular medicine. Simply

stated:

similar to nature's

treatment of disease stances

[i.e., right

is

biological weapons.

this

thought

a matter of "varying the concentration of sub-

molecules: vitamins, minerals, trace elements, hor-

mones, amino acids, enzymes] normally present In other words,

Orthomolecular medicine aims

preservation of

optimum

in the

at the

human body." 3

achievement and

health and the prevention and treatment

of

disease by regulating the concentration of chemical molecules normally

present in the

human body. One of

treatment of infectious disease

optimum

is

these molecules important in the

vitamin C.

daily intake of this nutrient

is

infectious disease and to well-being in general, that

man

C

inside his body. This

They manufacture ascorbic

kidneys or this

appreciate

why

we must

first

in their livers,

an

remember

has a genetic defect that prevents him from making his

supply of vitamin animals.

To

so essential in the battle against

acid

is

own

not true for most other

— vitamin C—

either in their

and thus do not need an external source for

necessary nutrient. The

mammals

that

have been clinically exam-

ined in this respect range from a mouse, weighing less than one ounce, to a goat,

weighing around 75 pounds, and the amounts of vitamin

C

manufactured by these two different animals are approximately proportionate to their body weights. The mouse, for example, is reported to make the equivalent of 19 g per day, calculated on the basis of 70 kg

body weight, and

the goat 13 g per day,

measured on the same

basis.

THE HEALING POWERS OF VITAMIN

These normal daily

levels

increase dramatically

placed under a stress situation,

when

the animal

is

Our

such as an infectious flareup.

workings are

77

C

main balanced, so it would seem safe to assume that it is unlikely that these animals would synthesize more ascorbic acid than needed for optimum health. But the

experience

that nature's

is

controversial question

now

particular vitamin are

needed

his

own

vitamin C,

in

the

in

what amounts of this man, who does not manufacture best of health and give him the greatest

arises of precisely

the

to put a

immunological protection against infectious diseases of In order to answer this,

RDA

(Recommended

we must

all

kinds.

understand the concept of

first

Dietary Allowance) as formulated by the Food

and Nutrition Board of the National Academy of Sciences, National

RDA

Research Council. Most laypeople interpret

—

nutrient

in this case,

vitamin

leads to the best of health for

vitamin

C

every day of

my

C

all

—

for any

people. That

life, I will

is,

more than

is

quite false.

The

take the

if I

RDA

of

likely achieve the best

of health that can possibly be gained by the intake of interpretation

particular

as being that specific dosage that

truth of the matter

this nutrient.

that the

is

This

RDA

is

only the estimated amount that, for most people, will prevent scurvy or death caused by overt vitamin deficiency.

does not take into account

It

biochemical individuality or individual levels of nutrients needed for

optimum

health. This point

is

very important and should be understood

Recommended

thoroughly. Dr. Harper, Chairman of the Committee on

Daily Allowances of the Food and Nutrition Board, has clearly stated

RDAs

that the

"are not recommendations for the ideal diet." "They

were adopted," continues Dr. Hegstedt, another nutritionist, "to avoid 4 any implication of finality or optimal requirements." In short, the board's recommendations were adopted so as to indicate to the general

American public those amounts of vitamin scurvy. The same is true, of course, for all

C

needed

in order to

avoid

the other nutrients and their

related deficiency diseases.

The problem with

the board's

recommendations

is

that the

now

profession took hold of them and created a misconception

accepted by

many

physicians.

This misconception

signs or

symptoms of scurvy, we must assume

whatever of ascorbic acid. Therefore, there

that there

is

based on the

is

following reasoning: lack of ascorbic acid causes scurvy.

no need

medical

generally

If there are

is

no

no deficiency

to take supple-

The first sentence of this three-part deduction is a medical fact. However, the problem arises with the false assumption that, since there are no symptoms of scurvy, there is absolutely no need ments of

this vitamin.

78

BRAIN ALLERGIES

for

any additional intake of vitamin C. You see, scurvy is not just a lack, but a final collapse, a death syndrome manifesting

symptom of

itself in a total

But there

is

breakdown and disintegration of our biochemical being.

a very large gray area (i.e., colds, infections, flu, degener-

ative disease) existing

between the

total

blackness of scurvy and death

and the pure white of optimum health and resistance

we must answer the needed by man in order

precisely in this gray area that

What

C

intake of vitamin

is

to disease.

It

is

important question: to achieve

optimum

health and resistance to disease rather than barely avoid developing

scurvy?

No

longer can

we be

satisfied with the

misconception that

if

we

do not have scurvy, we do not need any additional amounts of vitamin

C

order to achieve the

in

biochemical being.

And

optimum

health possible for our particular

no longer can

we be

satisfied with the

unin-

formed opinion that the RDA alone will guarantee our optimum health. At this point, what we can be guaranteed is that if we do take the RDA of vitamin C, we will very likely not develop scurvy. The question still remains, however: the

RDA?

What

if

a

man

takes greater

amounts of vitamin

C

than

Will these greater concentrations of this particular nutrient

increase his resistance to infectious and/or degenerative disease and

thereby give him better health than

According dence

that

RDA

of 45

against the

to

if

he had not taken them?

Linus Pauling, "There

is

overwhelming

an increased intake of vitamin C, that

mg per day for an adult, common cold.""' Several

is,

clinical evi-

several times the

provides significant protection

double-blind scientific studies

conducted over a span of years ranging from 1942

to

1975

all

confirm

Pauling's thinking that an increased intake of ascorbic acid (and other

man's natural protective mechanisms of body and thus decreases both the number of colds and severity of 6 individual colds. The results of these double-blind studies are as follows: nutrients, of course) strengthens

the

Reduction

Study

Cowan,

Diehl, Baker:

Minnesota, 1942 Ritzel: Switzerland, 1961

Anderson, Reid, Beaton: Canada, 1973

31% 63% 32%

Coulehan, Reisinger, Rogers, Bradley: Arizona, 1974 Charleston, Clegg: Scotland, 1972 Sabiston, Radonski: Canada, 1974

30% 58% 68%

in Illness

THE HEALING POWERS OF VITAMIN C

79

Anderson, Beaton, Corey, Spero:

25%

Canada, 1975

Average reduction

in illness

due

to an

44%

increased intake of vitamin C:

The amounts of ascorbic from 200 mg

studies varied

acid taken in these preceding double-blind

mg

2000

to

were achieved because of the functions body. Therefore,

let

(2 g).

These positive

C

that vitamin

results

performs

in the

us examine these functions.

Probably the most important and potent defense mechanism that the

body has

is

the total destruction of invading opportunist and infectious

microorganisms by the leukocytes or white blood This process

called phagocytosis.

is

as thirty years

ago

C

that vitamin

is

It

was

of the blood.

one of the most important ingredients

and effective phagocytic

for the proper

cells

clinically established as long

man's leukocytes.

activity of

Indeed, leukocytes can only maintain their phagocytic activity against infectious microorganisms, engulfing

leukocytes contain are

cells

totally

optimum

saturated

them and destroying them,

if

the

levels of vitamin C; unless the white blood

with ascorbic acid, they are like soldiers

without bullets. The white blood cells have the ability to ingest the bacterial microorganisms,

and when they do, they simultaneously pro-

duce hydrogen peroxide. This chemical then must combine with

min

C

to

produce a substance

that

proper levels of vitamin

If the

C

is

almost

lethal to

all

known

vita-

bacteria.

are not present at a biochemical

war

site,

the white blood cells' battle against the microorganisms will be

lost.

Drs.

Hume

and Weyers

in

Scotland

7

reported in

1973 that an

ordinary diet usually does not contain adequate amounts of vitamin

needed for proper phagocytic action of the white blood stress situation

of a cold. Even an intake of 250

to maintain phagocytically effective

a

cells

day

is

during the not enough

amounts. Normally, however, an

g daily during an infectious stress situation like a cold enough of a concentration to enable this natural mechanism of protec-

intake of is

mg

C

1

to 15

But even these large amounts sometimes not enough, depending on the specific infectious microorganisms involved. Many scientists, physicians, and nutritionists have reported that tion against bacterial disease to operate.

are

vitamin

C

in

large dosages inactivates

all

forms of viruses

in

vitro.

Technically speaking, Murata and Kitagawa believe that this inactivation results

from the

splitting of the nucleic acid of the virus

by

free radicals

formed during the oxidation of vitamin C. Viruses of poliomyelitis,

— BRAIN ALLERGIES

vaccina, hoof and mouth, rabies, hepatitis, pneumonia, measles, chicken-

pox, mononucleosis, encephalitis and others have

all

been destroyed

When

experiments using optimum dosages of ascorbic acid. to

any of the preceding infections with vitamin C, individual

treat

optimum dosages of

the nutrient are best determined by adopting Robert

M.D.'s, principle of "bowel-tolerance level." He explains

F. Cathcart, this

concept

following way:

in the

About seven years ago

began

I

something about vitamin

had suffered of nine.

my

all

life

C

to hear

rumors about Dr. Pauling saying

common

and the

cold.

had been a person

I

was also one of those persons who had colds C and found that I could give up

I

and also

that

my

all

C when

was

We

well.

I

was

ill

elaborated on that a

patients. After clinical testing,

tolerance concept patients.

take as

.

.

.

much

in

I

was able

with a cold that

I

little bit

we came up

to take

as

it

needs

hay

went on and

I

an amount of

when

I

and started experimenting with with what

I

call

bowel-

C

that

should be given

C means

Bowel-tolerance levels of vitamin

C

I

injections for

couldn't possibly tolerate

determining the dose of vitamin

vitamin

So

the time.

my

colds were under control. But then

discovered something very interesting: vitamin

who

with hay fever, having had injections since the age

started taking vitamin

fever,

in

attempting

until diarrhea occurs.

you

let

the

Once you

body

get

more grams until the diarrhea goes away. amount of vitamin C proportional to the amount of toxin that is around. The astonishing thing about boweltolerance levels of vitamin C is that the same person the patient who when diarrhea,

you cut back

This practice

lets the

a couple or

body use

that .

well gets diarrhea on say 12 g

60 g without diarrhea; with

a

.

.

—when

—

ill

bad cold or

with a moderate cold can take 30 to

100 to 150 g, and with

flu,

viral

pneumonia I have used in excess of 200 g a day without producing diarrhea. In some cases the body evidently Essentially, the sicker needs that much, albeit for only a short time. you are, the more you can take, and taking enough and that is important seems to detoxify you. You get well quickly! As you do, you will find that you can tolerate less and less ascorbic acid until you go back to normal when you are well. Remember, everyone else has been talking about a fixed dose of vitamin C. Those studies go from 2 to maybe 4 g a day, and they sometimes see little chemical or statistical effect. That doesn't surprise me. If you diseases such as mononucleosis or viral

.

.

.

—

have a 100-g

flu

bug

—

it's

the disease to represent the

custom to put a number before the name of amount of vitamin C that the patient can consume

my

—

and thus take roughly first couple of days of the disease without diarrhea 100 g of vitamin C, you will quickly eliminate 90 percent of the symptoms of the disease. But if you treat a 100-g bowel-tolerance-level flu bug the

with 2 or even 20 g a day, you will not see

much happen. 8

THE HEALING POWERS OF VITAMIN

The following graph

(figure

finding concerning average

HI

represents Dr. Cathcart's clinical

1)

minimum dosages

four hours needed to neutralize acute

of vitamin

C

per twenty-

symptoms of disease.

Pneumonia

Mononucleosis

Symptoms

C

>| Influenzia

Severe cold

>.

Hepatitis

/

/

/^\

Mild cold /

/

\

Gra ms 10-15

figure

Dr. Cathcart's

1

ft

/

minimum dose

/

/

100

50

150

of vitamin

C

200

per 24 hours to neutralize acute

symptoms of disease

Note increases

that the

amount of vitamin

more or

C

necessary to produce diarrhea

less proportionately to the toxicity

Bowel-tolerance levels of vitamin

C

of the disease.

pneumoincrease somewhat

are obviously greater for

nia than they are for a severe cold. Also, these levels

according to the degree of other stress-related factors: allergy, heat, cold, anxiety, drinking, cancer, injury, surgery, psychosis, arthritis and

so on.

It is

10 g of ascorbic acid

g to

diarrhea it

important to understand that 80 percent of people tolerate 0.5

somewhere

when

in these levels.

well; most of the remainder get However, when those who tolerate

poorly are sick, their tolerance approaches the levels of the other 80

percent.

Acute symptoms are affected very tolerance

is

reached.

little until

The symptoms drop

90 percent of bowel

off suddenly.

This

is

the

symptom curve (see figure 1) is drawn flat at first and then suddenly drops. Also, symptoms may not clear completely in severe

reason the

cases. In these cases, intravenous or intramuscular injections will abolish all

symptoms. This

clinical

form of treatment should be reserved for

BRAIN ALLERGIES

82

who do

very toxic illnesses or for those

not tolerate ascorbic acid well

by mouth. Frederick R. Klenner, M.D., has had over thirty years of clinical work with vitamin C and explains precisely how shots should be given: Effecting a cure

about

this

moment

in

when

change

a virus

in the short

the offending agent, and

is

space of twenty-four hours,

medicine. Vitamin

C

many is

times bringing

a rewarding

treatment must be intensive to be successful.

Use veins when practical, otherwise give vitamin C intramuscularly. Never give less than 350 mg/kg body weight. This must be repeated every hour for up to twelve times, depending upon clinical improvement, then every two to four hours until the patient has recovered. Ice cubes held to the gluteal muscle

before and after injection will reduce or eliminate pain and induration.

When

treatment continues for several days, the person can be placed on an ice cap

between

injections.

When employing

vitamin

use sodium ascorbate and the solution free of bisulfite.

mg

The dose of vitamin C using

and 400 mg/kg body weight.

are required, the vitamin can be

1

intravenously,

a syringe should range

added

is

it

additives except

all

In older patients, or

best to

sodium

between 350

when very high doses

to 5 percent dextrose in water, in

saline solution, or in Ringer's solution.

approximately

C

The concentration should be

g to 18 cc fluid. Bottle injections will

need

1

g calcium

gluconate one to two times each day to replace calcium ions removed by the

high intravenous schedule.

One Or

the vitamin intramuscularly.

quart of milk daily will suffice in the

when using

place of milk one can substitute

calcium-gluconate tablets. Supplemental vitamin

C

is

always given by mouth.

As a guide in determining the amount and frequency of injection we recommend our Silver Nitrate-Urine test. This is done by placing ten drops of 5 percent silver nitrate in a Wasserman tube and adding ten drops of urine. A color pattern will develop showing white, beige, smoke gray or one that looks like fine-grain charcoal. Charcoal

performed

The it

killing

at least

every four hours. The

power of vitamin C

is

will destroy all virus organisms.

is

the color needed and the test

test itself is

not limited.

When

is

read in one minute.

.

.

.

proper amounts are used

... By 1950 we learned

that

we could

kill

the measles virus in twenty-four hours by giving intramuscular injections in a

dose range of 350 mg/kg body weight every two hours.

we

could dry up chickenpox

in the

We

also found that

same time, but more dramatic

results

were

obtained by giving 400 mg/kg body weight intravenously. In conclusion, the killing in

power of ascorbic

acid on virus bodies has been demonstrated by

hundreds of cases, many of which were treated

but vitamin C.

When

in

me

our hospital with nothing

9

a person has been taking large dosages of vitamin

few days or weeks or longer,

the

amount of

this nutrient in his

C

for a

blood

is

THE HEALING POWERS OF VITAMIN C

such that

if

he suddenly stops taking high dosages of

S3

blood levels of

it,

ascorbic acid will be rapidly converted into other substances, and the

C

concentration of vitamin

This "rebound effect,"

10

blood will become abnormally low.

in the

as Dr. Pauling calls

it,

will, in turn,

one's resistance to further infectious flareup. Accordingly,

who

one

has been on a large dosage of vitamin

gradually over a

vitamin

you

C

week or two,

C

it

decrease

wise for

is

to decrease the intake

rather than suddenly.

When

decreasing

dosages, bowel-tolerance levels should be maintained until

Then continue

are completely well.

to take

your daily prophylactic

dose of the nutrient. In order for us really to appreciate the healing

we

should look briefly

which

some

this nutrient

some

at

was given

dosages. Dr. Cathcart gives us

in large

excellent examples of these clinical situations in which

mononucleosis, and hepatitis

nia,

powers of vitamin C,

firsthand reports of clinical cases in

—

pneumo-

illnesses so severe that traditional

medical techniques, such as the use of antibiotics, can often take as long as a

month or more

with vitamin

C

in

to rehabilitate the patient

than a week.

less

Of

—

are effectively treated

course,

the patients

must

continue to take their individually determined bowel-tolerance levels of

vitamin

C

for

some time or until they are completely well. But, basicalsymptoms disappear three to five days after taking

their severe

ly,

vitamin

C

in large

dosages, and they are able to continue their daily

living patterns.

Pneumonia Let

me

viral

give you a typical case.

pneumonia. As

far as

I

A

could

lady here, about twenty-eight, developed tell

she never did "culture" any place. ill,

she did not respond to antibiotics and

When

she presented herself she was very

high temperature, the right upper lobe infiltrated with the pneumonia

process, difficulty breathing.

So we hooked her up

to intravenous ascorbic

g per 18 cc, and ran it in just as fast as we could. I gave her about 55 g by vein and the remainder orally; about 215 g went into her between eleven o'clock in the morning and nine o'clock that night, at which acid, about

1

time the pneumonia went into

crisis.

She drenched three

We

have daily

X

rays that demonstrate the

of bed clothing

We

same saw her. rapid dissolution of the pneumonia

The next morning she was feeling much better. next day. She returned to work less than a week

that night.

thing the

sets

after

did the I

process.

At

that time

I

treated

two other people

in

town who had

the

same

thing,

BRAIN ALLERGIES

84

and got similar

Three other patients

results.

in

town went

to other physicians

and were hospitalized about two weeks and weren't much better when they

came

out.

.

.

.

Mononucleosis The

patient that

first

who was

about twenty-two and weighed about 100

pounds wringing wet. She came I

in

with a severe case of mononucleosis.

told her about the bowel-tolerance idea

self-titration.

well.

.

.

I

The

.

was a junior

ran into with mononucleosis

I

high school librarian

saw her

typical patient

who

to her how to do this was almost completely

and explained

three or four days later; she

gets mononucleosis

is

exactly the one

who

does the best on vitamin C: older teenagers or young adults are just fantastic vitamin

C

takers.

They can understand

stomachs, and couldn't care

less

the bowel-tolerance idea, have iron

about slight gas and diarrhea when they have

this horrible disease. In fact the sicker the patient is the better

because the

arguments is

relief

of symptoms

convince them

to

that in three to five

all

So what usually happens

to continue treatment.

days the symptoms are 90 percent relieved. Then they

must get the message loud and get sick

he does

so dramatic that they don't need any

is

clear: if they stop the

vitamin

C

too soon they

over again.

Hepatitis

The other disease that is very specific is infectious hepatitis. It's a cinch for vitamin C. The difference between the course of the disease with and without vitamin

C

is

quite obvious

if

only because hepatitis

show

a disease that

we can

follow to

the course of the disease. Infectious hepatitis can be mild

where the

patient

is

just a

little

enzyme systems that

yellow and maybe a

bit

very sick. But the patients I'm talking about

profoundly

ill

with hepatitis, and here again

in three to five days.

days.

is

we can

put numbers on. There are various

It

The

patient

is

tender in the abdomen, but not

—twenty of them, we were

—were

at least

able to detoxify

them

feeling essentially well in three to four

generally takes about six days for the jaundice to clear. In two or

three days the urine returns to normal color.

Hepatitis transfusions.

is

a very serious problem, especially following blood

The whole system of gathering blood

undergoing a revision because people incidence of hepatitis.

One of

the

who

in this

sell their

most important

country

is

blood have a high

clinical observations

THE HEALING POWERS OF VITAMIN

«5

C

concerning prevention of hepatitis after transfusions was made by two Japanese physicians. Drs. Murata and Morishige discovered that an intake of

more than 2 g

C

day of vitamin

a

protects surgical patients

transfusions against serum hepatitis. There

C

who

receive blood

a 7 percent hepatitis

Then over 1,100 patients in the hospital were given The physicians in charge expected at least 70 of the

level in their hospital.

2 g of vitamin

was about

daily.

1,100 to develop hepatitis, but not a single patient developed the after

viral disease

having taken the vitamin C."

As previously

discussed, infections are a very important link in the

chain of events which makes up the biochemical disease Infections

weaken

enough

the biochemical system

to create

process.

more

serious

The

nutritional deficiencies

and thus more severe

infections the patient

harboring, therefore, should always be a part of

is

the differential diagnosis of possible causes of

C

and mental. Vitamin

allergic sensitivity.

symptoms, both physical

obviously only one Orthomolecular method by

is

which infectious invasion can be controlled. An optimum supply of all the other nutrients is needed as well: amino acids, minerals and other vitamins. Vitamin B-6 and pantothenic acid, for example, are very important in dealing with the stress of infectious invasion. Vitamin C, one very powerful weapon we can use

of course,

is

infectious

disease.

And when we can

in the battle against

better control

infections,

we

simultaneously begin to control the further development of allergic sensitivities.

One

point that needs to be discussed in detail before

chapter on vitamin

C

is

the relationship existing

addiction, and this all-important nutrient.

universal allergen for the

of dollars.

It is

toxic levels of

human

Tobacco

addition, the

close to being a

race. Its yearly sales are in the millions

pollutants: carbon

smoke contains

much

smoke contains

monoxide, hydrocyanic

acid, nitric oxide, sulfur dioxide and acetonitrile. tration of these pollutants are

finish our

between smoking, is

not well known, however, that tobacco

many gaseous

we

The

levels of concen-

higher than might be expected. In

finely dispersed carcinogenic tars, poisons

such as nicotine, radioactive dust and other harmful ingredients. Due the

concentration of

all

these pollutants,

the

first

cigarette

to

smoked

causes symptoms such as nausea, dizziness, weakness and sometimes other,

more severe symptoms. These symptoms

reaction to one or

all

are due to an allergic

As with all addictions, symptoms to become delayed in

of the preceding pollutants.

persistent use of tobacco causes these

time and even temporarily and partially relieved by smoking again. This

H

BRAIN ALLERGIES

physiological compensation for an allergy

The end

result

addictive state,

termed addiction.

physical,

emotional or mental

addictive

withdrawal symptoms

Allergic reactions or allergic-

illness.

to

tobacco can influence any organ

system of the body, including the brain. There

is

much

physical as well

mental misery caused by tobacco allergy-addiction.

as

knowledge lungs,

that

allergic-

metabolic condition leading to chronic

a disturbed

is

is

of a frequently evoked allergy, or an

It

common

is

tobacco allergy can affect the eyes, sinuses,

stomach, intestines and vascular system, but

throat.

not usually

is

it

appreciated that the brain can also be severely disturbed by tobacco

smoking

addiction. Provocative allergy testing consisting of chain

after

a four-day withdrawal period has revealed that a hypersensitive tobaccoallergic person can experience a

and mental reactions during anxiety,

tension,

fatigue,

remarkable range of harmful emotional

These can include mild or severe

testing.

weakness, perceptual distortions, delusions

and hallucinations.

Even more

interesting

techniques, that the desire to

is

through

discovery,

the

smoke

allergy-testing

sometimes evoked

is

had never been able

to stop

smoking on

his

own was

as a

A

of an allergic reaction to substances other than tobacco.

symptom who

patient

hospitalized, fasted

on well water only for four days, and was then fed meals of single foods.

The

first

two days of

the

his

fast,

overpowering. By the fourth day of the

smoke occasionally occurred,

but

gave evidence of allergic reactions

was

fast

desire to

smoke seemed

only a weak impulse to

easily dismissed.

to four different foods.

Food

Two

testing

of these

foods had as a part of the reaction an insatiable urge to smoke. result of the hospital experience, he learned that

allergic foods, he that

it

is

found

it

easier to stop smoking.

very important to handle

all

As

a

by abstaining from the

What

this

proves

is

hypersensitive allergic reactions to

foods, chemicals, and or inhalants together

in

order to arrive

at

the

most

successful treatment of addictions.

There are numerous reports in medical literature that tobacco smoke actually destroys ascorbic acid in the body. For example, as far back as 1952 McCorrnick stated:

determining the antiinfectious protective dosage of vitamin C there another factor which is not generally considered. When the vitamin is In

employed is

to neutralize toxins

is

of endogenous or exogenous origin, the action

reciprocal in that the vitamin

is

also neutralized proportionately, leaving

less available for physiological needs.

To

illustrate, the writer

has determined

THE HEALING POWERS OF VITAMIN

by laboratory and

clinical test that the

the body approximately 25

sized orange.

mg

how

difficult

it

is

HI

cigarette neutralizes in

of vitamin C, or the amount

will thus be seen

It

smoking of one

C

in

one medium-

meet the bodily

to

requirement of the pack-a-day smoker for even the protective level of vitamin

C

from dietary sources.

It

is

thus obvious that the steady smoker,

usually short of his dietary intake as well, requires a

dosage of

this

vitamin than the nonsmoker.

C

Vitamin these values

its

vitamin value.

well

as

as

the

is

One of

Taking large doses of the nutrient

during the four-day withdrawal period will decrease the

symptoms

who

heavier therapeutic

12

has metabolic values beyond that of detoxification.

is

much

urge to smoke.

withdrawal

Usually 20 to 30 g per

twenty-four hours can be tolerated without undue symptoms. The most likely

symptom with these large doses symptom compared to

is

inconsequential

relieving withdrawal

symptoms.

If

diarrhea.

However,

it

is

an

the value ascorbic acid has in

diarrhea develops, the ascorbic acid

intake should be slightly reduced. Ascorbic acid should be taken during the four-day withdrawal period and then stopped during the food and

chemical testing period. Tablets or capsules should be avoided ble, since they often contain cornstarch and/or other foods

interfere with

food

testing.

Pure ascorbic-acid powder

if

possi-

and can thus is

preferable.

many. Calcium ascorbate is best tolerated by a few. The minimum should be one teaspoon four times a day; double this if possible and if well tolerated. It is better Fine-powdered ascorbic acid

to divide the

is

best tolerated by

doses into six or eight doses a day. This insures a frequent

symptoms. Each teaspoon of powder contains approximately 4 g of vitamin C. These doses can be tolerated better by some people if mixed with baking soda in the ratio of one-half baking soda to that of ascorbic acid, mixed in water. The ascorbic acid then becomes sodium ascorbate. Vitamin C can also be purchased as sodium ascorbate. Also, in relieving tobaccowithdrawal symptoms, it can be helpful to use 500 mg of pyridoxine, detoxification of the tobacco withdrawal

ascorbic-acid

six times in twenty-four hours during the

Fasting,

combined with

days of withdrawal.

the use of certain nutrients, causes the urge

smoke to be postponed rather than acted upon. In this fashion, time is allowed for both the physiologically driven addictive withdrawal state to

and the overlearned habitual aspect of the response learned habitual aspect of smoking

is

easily unlearned

driving biological addictive urges are handled habit as

a

purely learned response

to

is

like

first.

To

subside. if

the strong,

smoking two opponents

treat the

fighting

The

88

BRAIN ALLERGIES

singlehandedly. That

while you concentrate on the learned responses,

is,

the undealt-with biological urges keep activating the response to

Therefore, handle the biological addictive problem

and nutrients; then unlearning

fasting

first

smoke.

by the use of

that learned habit will

much

be

easier.

When

an urge to smoke

is

postponed rather than acted upon,

it

allows time for both the physiologically driven addictive withdrawal and

Responses

the overlearned (habit) aspect of the response to subside.

reach their highest peak in three minutes. Therefore,

if

postponement

maintained beyond three minutes, the response will begin

When

an urge to smoke strikes, the patient

is

to

look

at a

is

subside.

to

watch and

affirm that he will wait five minutes before deciding whether or not to

smoke. This five-minute postponement allows the urge better

to

still

to subside.

be involved during the postponement period

It

is

an active

in

practice that has canceling value to the response; jogging, a vigorous

walk, eating a nonallergic food, taking more ascorbic acid, or practicing a behavioral drill with smoking-inhibiting response value to

be helpful I

want

may

all

prove

in this regard.

to digress a little

from the main thread of

and enlarge on the role of behavioral

drills in a

breaking the addiction to smoking. This

is

my

argument here

successful program of

one of the most

difficult yet

most positive steps in promoting health, and the information in the next few paragraphs, while only marginally related to the function of vitamin C, can be very helpful to those of

my

readers

who wish

to

stop

smoking. Behavioral

drills

or training should begin the day withdrawal of

tobacco and allergic foods begins. (1) With your eyes closed and while laxed, place in until

the

mind

picture

imaged response brain

is

the urge to

smoke. Take a breath and hold

leaves the mind. to

This creates an inhibition of the

smoke by producing an oxygen

very sensitive.

When

difficult for the brain to

re-

that breath

deficit to

an oxygen deficiency occurs,

maintain any image

intact; thus,

which the it

is

very

the urge-to-

smoke image is lost. Most people can indeed hold their breath long enough to produce this desired oxygen deficit in their brain. (2) Again place in mind the image of the desire to smoke and then immediately conjure up the image of an unpleasant situation, such as smelling a skunk and vomiting all over your cigarettes, your friends, and their cigarettes. (3) Then call to mind a situation in which you usually smoke such as while having a cup of coffee but now see an image of

—

—

yourself not smoking; feel a sense of value and give yourself credit for

THE HEALING POWERS OF VITAMIN

not smoking.

Then immediately is

to

89

think of the most pleasant situation you

can imagine, such as a vacation pleasant imagery

C

Hawaii. Or, an alternative to

in

take three deep breaths while

smoking and being complimented

for your success.

this

imagining not

These three deep

breaths activate the adaptive correction of not smoking. Relax again and repeat the imagery sequence.

Relax

all

over and progressively relax

body by letting every muscle go limp; think of your right foot, let every muscle go; then think heavy, heavy, heavy, warm, warm, warm, heavy, warm, relaxed and so on. Progress to other parts of the body with each drill sequence relaxing a separate part of the body. The cues of heavy, warm and relax are to be at three-second intervals Practice these three drills over and over for fifteen to thirty minutes at a time, six to eight times a day if possible, whenever tempted to smoke. In the pocket where you keep your cigarettes, or preferably in an empty cigarette package in that pocket, place a small card with the question: What is a good reason not to smoke? Each time you feel like reaching for a cigarette, pull out this card and reflect on an answer to the question. Each person should contemplate the answer which fits him parts of the

best.

The answer might

be:

it

drives

me

crazy;

it

lungs, an allergic cough, or even heart attacks;

span. There are a great

an urge to smoke

is

to

many

can cause cancer of the it

can shorten

my

life

valid answers. Another useful inhibition to

have on one wrist a rubber band which

is

snapped

vigorously, producing pain. This pain can give immediate inhibition to the urge to

smoke and should be followed by

the

above

drill

when

possible.

The more frequently gaged

in, the faster the

the corrective behavioral practices are en-

corrective learning will occur. During the four

days of withdrawal from tobacco and allergic foods, the practices of breath-holding inhibition of smoking, unpleasant associations with smok-

and pleasant associations with not smoking should be part of every maneuver to handle the urge to smoke. When there is an urge to smoke, then walk or jog, take vitamin C, or go and breathe some pure oxygen while contemplating how good it is not to smoke, and thus agree to postpone smoking until the behavioral drill is engaged in. By this time the urge will have been significantly reduced and reason will again win ing,

over the learned habitual response. Continue to practice these

smoking no longer automatically asserts most important functions of vitamin C in

the learned habit of

One of

the

drills until itself.

the

human

maintain biochemical normality under the effects of environmental stress. The term stress covers a wide variety of different condi-

body

is

to

BRAIN ALLERGIES

90

we

can include hazards to which

tions. Stresses

are

exposed by contact,

breathing, eating, smoking, infection and so on.

One group of stress

we

is

of chemical hazards not normally considered as a source

poisonous metals. These include the mercury

which we are exposed

pollution to It is

we

gas fumes

eat, the lead in the

estimated that

at least

inhale,

to

in the

and the hazardous

some degree almost

one million children

in the

seafood

industrial

daily.

United States

have some degree of lead poisoning. This toxic metal's damaging effects are

found

an even greater degree

in

in

the adult population.

Major sources of lead poisoning range from such commonly encountered substances as industrial pollution, paint and auto exhaust to less

obvious ones, such as hair color dyes absorbed through the scalp or drinking water. industrial

As

far

back as 1939 a study

where the exposure

plant

to

demonstrated the beneficial effect vitamin

men. Though only 100

mg

13

C

in

was very

great

small doses had on these

of ascorbic acid were given to each worker,

the researcher reported the following results:

normal sleep,

of 400 workers in a large

lead hazards

lost the irritability

"Most of

and nervousness so

the

men enjoyed

common

with high

calcium treatment of lead poisoning, enjoyed their food more and no longer had tremors. Also, several cases of leukopenia (low white blood cell

count) were cured by the ascorbic acid treatment."

concluded that vitamin

C

14

The researcher

has a detoxifying action on lead

in the

body.

The same can be said for the effects of vitamin C on mercury. In 1964 Mokranjac and Petrovic 15 studied the effects of mercury chloride in guinea pigs, tested in groups of 25, when ascorbic acid was administered in different ways. First they gave each animal 200 mg of vitamin

C

a day for one week; this

is

roughly equivalent to a 14-g dose

human being and was necessary

since the guinea pig, like

of the few animals that does not manufacture acid in the liver.

its

own

man,

in a

is

one

supply of ascorbic

The researchers then administered a dose of mercury fatal. They continued to give 200 mg of

previously determined to be

vitamin

C

After twenty days

daily.

C

proving that vitamin

gave vitamin

C

all

of the animals were alive,

had protected them from certain death.

If

they

before and none after poisoning, two died out of 25.

they gave vitamin

C

only after the poisoning, nine of the 25 died.

If If

they gave a single massive shot of the nutrient after the poisoning, eight

of 25 died. This study again confirms our conviction that high daily intake of vitamin

C

will protect

toxic metal poisoning.

one from many of the

ills

arising

from

THE HEALING POWERS OF VITAMIN

Studies indicate that vitamin

C

is

even reverse shock caused by certain drugs.

mg

91

also a powerful detoxifier of or-

ganic poisons such as drugs, tetanus, botulism and snake

taken 2640

C

In

venom and can who had was 60/0 when

one patient,

of Lotusate (talbutal), the blood pressure

seen in the emergency room. Twelve grams of sodium ascorbate was administered with a 50-cc syringe. In ten minutes the blood pressure was recorded at 100/60. Over a hundred additional grams were first

given intravenously over the following three hours,

was awake and

patient

at

feeling better. Patients in shock

neurotoxin, proteotoxin,

which time the

from toxalbumin,

muscarine and formic acid respond equally

well to high dosages of ascorbic acid.

The

individual biochemical variations in the need for vitamin

already an established fact. If

and degenerative disease

we

C

are

desire, in the treatment of infectious

in general

and mental

illness in particular,

to

provide the optimum molecular environment or the optimum concentration of substances normally present in the

human body,

should certainly be included. There are numerous studies gest that the

optimum

can range from 10

to

intake of vitamin

C

for

ascorbic acid 16

which sug-

most mentally

100 and even 1,000 times the

ill

RDA. One

people

of these

controlled double-blind studies of ascorbic acid in chronic psychiatric patients

male

was reported

patients,

34 of

in

1963 by Milner. There were 40 chronically

whom

ill

had schizophrenia, 4 had manic-depressive

psychosis, and 2 had general paresis.

Twenty of

these

men, selected

at

1 g of vitamin C a day for three weeks; the rest received placebo treatment. After the three- week period, the patients

random, received

were checked by the use of psychological tests. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and the Wittenborn Psychiatric Rating Scales

concluded

(WPRS) were

used before and after the

that "statistically significant

improvement

trial.

in the

Milner

depressive,

manic and paranoid symptom complexes, together with an improvement in overall personality functioning, was obtained following saturation with ascorbic acid." The researchers of

this

cluded that improvement could be expected

in

double-blind study con-

many

psychiatric patients

with the use of large dosages of ascorbic acid.

Pauling discovered that of a group of 106 schizophrenic patients, 81 of them (76 percent) were deficient in ascorbic acid, as demonstrated by the six-hour excretion in the urine of less than 17 percent of an orally administered dose. Only 27 of 89 (30 percent) of a group of control subjects

showed

this deficiency.

Very serious deficiencies of vitamin

C

BRAIN ALLERGIES

92

shown by 24 (22

than 4 percent excreted in the urine) were

(less

percent) of the schizophrenic subjects and

by only

1

percent) of the

( 1

no doubt," writes Pauling, "that many schizophrenics

controls. "I have

would benefit from an increased intake of ascorbic acid. My estimate is 4 g of vitamin C a day, in addition to the conventional treatment, would increase the fraction of acute schizophrenics in whom the disease 17 is permanently controlled by about 25 percent." Our clinical experi-

that

ence with schizophrenics and vitamin

we

the doses

use are

much

Before concluding attention toward

C

echoes Pauling's views, though

larger.

we should

chapter on vitamin C,

this

direct our

one specific criticism of the use of large dosages of the

nutrient. This criticism centers

on the relationship existing between the

formation of kidney stones and the taking of large amounts of ascorbic

we should

acid. First of all,

understand that there are different types of

kidney stones. The tendency to form kidney stones of the ordinary type, phosphate stones,

is

actually lessened by keeping the urine acid.

min C, of course, can accomplish this very easily and However, The Medical Letter and Consumer Reports have

Vita-

effectively.

written that

persons with a tendency to form kidney stones of the urate and cystine types should at

all

times keep their urine alkaline. These two scientific

reports further point out that vitamin

C

causing these stones to form because of

more

might increase the chances of its

tendency to make the urine

acid. In such rare cases, ascorbic acid should not be eliminated

entirely;

rather,

ascorbic acid nutrient

is

is

That

is,

sodium ascorbate form of

the

it

should merely be changed

in

fact alkaline if the

used. This alkaline form of vitamin

treatment as

is

in

C

the acid form; the only difference

its

is

is

form.

just as effective in

that

it

will

make

the

urine alkaline and materially reduce the chances of developing kidney

stones for patients with such a tendency.

My

clinical use

of megadoses

of ascorbic acid and sodium ascorbate as well as such use by others

know

I

causes us to agree with the observation of unlikely production of

kidney stones as reported by H. L. Newbold, M.D.

18

the orthodox medical

community

over the possibility of increasing the amount of oxalic acid

in the urine

Concern has also developed as a result of taking large

excrete a small er,

when

amount of

in

amounts of vitamin C. All of us normally a substance called oxalate everyday.

Howev-

large quantities of oxalate are excreted, calcium-oxalate kidney

stones can be formed; and it is true that a few people who take large amounts of vitamin C start to produce abnormally high levels of oxalate, which is then excreted by the kidneys. The normal level of oxalate

THE HEALING POWERS OF VITAMIN

production

mg C

around 40

is

increased intake of vitamin

mg, which

is

can

too high.

definitely

very quickly to 300 or 400

rise this

Is

then sufficient reason

for

C? The answer

this

stopping our intake of larger doses of vitamin question

is

an emphatic no. The researchers

C

of oxalate and vitamin

B-6

will actually

93

With an

or less per twenty-four hours. this

C

who

to

did the studies on levels

intake were not aware of the fact that vitamin

prevent vitamin C-induced oxalate formation.

19

There was a patient who, when he began taking 8 g of vitamin C from 40 mg to 383

daily, discovered that his oxalate level skyrocketed

mg.

When

he learned of

this,

he became very depressed because he

He knew from

thought he would have to stop taking the nutrient.

C

experiences that vitamin

many

at

past

bowel-tolerance levels had offered him

advantages. His conflict was immediately resolved upon a physi-

cian's

recommendation

that

he take 50

mg

of vitamin B-6 twice daily

along with his 8 g of vitamin C. After only two weeks of such treatment, his urinary oxalate test

dropped

to a little less than

57 mg. Vitamin B-6

had saved the day. Our patient was also very happy could actually take up to 1500

mg

of vitamin

C

to discover that

he

daily by itself without

suffering an increase in his urinary oxalate-excretion levels.

This case points to two very important nutritional rules.

must always keep tific studies.

What

in is

mind biochemical

individuality

even if they are of the same Each person is an individual and

C

all

age, sex, and general reacts individually to

mg

every event. In the case of our patient, he could tolerate 1500 vitamin

we

scien-

biologically true for one person might not be at

true for another,

health pattern.

First,

when making

daily without suffering an increase in his urinary

of

oxalate

You, however, might be able to tolerate ten times that depends on biochemical individuality. This principle was recognized as far back as thirteen years ago in the Heinz Handbook of excretion.

amount.

It all

Nutrition:

Individual organisms differ in their genetic

makeup and

differ also in

mor-

phologic and physiologic aspects, including their endocrine activity, metabolic efficiency, and nutritional requirements. ... It is often taken for granted that the

human

population

is

made up of

individuals

who

exhibit average

physiologic requirements and that a minor proportion of this population

composed of those whose requirements may be considered excessively. Actually there

is little

is

to deviate

justification in nutritional thinking for the

concept that a representative prototype of average requirements with respect to

all

Homo

sapiens

is

one who has

essental nutrients and thus exhibits

BRAIN ALLERGIES

94

no unusually high or low needs. physiologic knowledge and the individual

many for a

is

more

essential nutrients

contemporary genetic and

one who has average needs with respect

likely to be

who

essential nutrients but

few

In the light of

statistical interpretations thereof, the typical

also exhibits

which are

some

to

nutritional requirements

from average. 20

far

Unfortunately, this statement has not been generally accepted by the

medical establishment. However, Orthomolecular physicians are making

more about

a serious attempt, not only to discover

human

needs they

may have which

The second is

known

as the

are far

from average.

was reaffirmed by our case study was the first scientist to

rule of nutrition that

teamwork

principle. Williams

strongly emphasize this rule. Simply stated,

never act singly

in the

it

suggests that nutrients

body, but always function together as a team. Dr.

Williams describes his principle

The

the general ranges of

needs, but also to determine specifically for individuals what

in

more

detail:

fourth basic fact in nutrition which has been sadly neglected by medical

science

is

that of the essential

"teamwork" among

Because

nutrients.

this

principle has been neglected, a wholly unscientific concept has been widely

may be expected to do. may be expressed as follows.

accepted with respect to what a nutrient

The Nutrients

basic error, tacitly accepted,

—amino

acids, minerals, and particularly vitamins

—

are potential

methods and

"medicines," and should be tested accordingly, using

statistical

suitable placebo controls to determine their efficacy in

combating diseases.

they prove to be "specifics" for particular diseases, well and good;

they must be regarded as medically worthless.

Following

this

erroneous reasoning,

individual nutrients are ineffective

common

when

it

is

.

.

if

If

not,

.

concluded

tested in this

that since specific

way

against specific

ailments, these nutrients are worthless for combating disease.

It

is

easy to conclude also that there should be no substantial concern regarding the intake of these nutrients

on the

part of the patients.

The joker in the argument is that while no nutrient by itself is an effective remedy for any common disease, the nutrients acting as a team probably effective It

in the

prevention of a host of diseases.

must be emphasized

chain of nutrients.

that

If a diet is

.

.

are

.

adequate nutrition must involve the complete

missing one link

in the nutritional chain,

it

were missing ten links. One nutrient, i.e., mineral, amino acid, or vitamin, added as a supplement to a food can bring no favorable effect unless the food contains some of all the

may be

as worthless for supporting life as

if

it

THE HEALING POWERS OF VITAMIN C

95

other nutrients or unless they are available from the reserves of the person

being nourished.

21

Drugs are chemical substances which, even if given singly, radically man's metabolic machinery and many times interfere with normal

alter

enzyme activities in the body. Nuon the other hand, working as a team, act constructively as building blocks for life in general; without them human life could not vitamin, mineral, amino-acid and trients,

exist. Life

can exist without drugs! Therefore, nutrients are not drugs and

really should not be researched

who formed to advise

him, based on the

of vitamin

C

at a time. In the

clinical research

and oxalate levels

amount of ascorbic stopped

one

calcium-oxalate kidney stones,

this rare

acid.

in the urine,

it

case of our patient

would have been wrong

concerning the single study never

to take

an increased

The supplement of vitamin B-6 immediately

occurrence of the formation of calcium-oxalate kidney

stones. Therefore, research

must

in the future take into

account

all

the

interactions of the different nutrients before any scientific conclusions

are

made. Moreover, we must remember

included, cures anything by

itself.

that

no one

While vitamin

nutrient,

C

vitamin

does have

C

many

positive effects in the battle against infectious and degenerative dis-

eases,

it

alone, without

all

the other nutrients being supplied

individually determined basis,

is

practically worthless.

on an

So remember,

team players. Every kind of organism derives its sustenance from food supplies containing teams of nutrients. The teamwork principle has a very long history; it has been in action consistently and universally ever since life began on Earth and still nutrients are always

governs our biochemical being.

UNDERSTANDING THE DISEASE PROCESS

Toximolecular psychiatrists (those who use drugs or synthetic sub-

human body) may

stances not normally found in the

think they are

Even though tranquilizers are helpful at times, they are actually little more than superior sedatives. They sometimes manage to control psychiatric symptoms, but the underlying disease process responsible for the symptoms in the first place usually remains unchecked. What is even more disturbing is the practicing

fact

that

medicine,

scientific

patients on drugs often have to pay a high price for their

symptomatic

relief

by running the

permanently incarcerated this type

they are not.

but

in

their

statistically

high risk of becoming

chemical straitjackets. The result of

of pharmacological incarceration can vary from such severe

side effects as silent coronary death, tardive dyskinesia, parkinsonism

and an increase

in the possibility

zombielike, miserable

life

Commissioner of Mental Health

who had been

of developing clinical diabetes, to a

of social incompetence. Dr. Robert Okin, in

Massachusetts, said:

institutionalized for years

low-cost rooming houses, rocking

now

in front

of

"Many

patients

find themselves living in

TV

sets,

and wandering

in

the streets."

Many

patients are readmitted to the hospital over and over again.

Most of them add

to the ranks of the

unemployed;

in fact, statistics tell

us that very few tranquilized patients pay income taxes throughout the

"The development of Toximolecular medicine," Humphry Osmond, M.D., "rightly considered a revolution in

years of their illness. writes

psychiatry, has not solved the main problems facing this speciality. flight

a

96

The

from the mental hospitals has merely transferred the problem from

concentrated area,

the

hospitals,

to

a

less

concentrated one,

the

— UNDERSTANDING THE DISEASE PROCESS

97

community. The whole community has become the mental hospital." Possibly this exodus of tranquilized yet fundamentally sick individuals 1

into the

community

is

why

number of who com-

a British study discovered that the

institutionalized patients discharged during a one-year period

mitted a crime for which they appeared in court increased from 6,366

1961 to 12,530 in

1974

—

in

almost double the amount!

Toximolecular medicine demands only one thing from that they continue to take their tranquilizers;

but this

patients

its

not enough.

is

Orthomolecular-Ecologic medicine, by contrast, makes the more extended but reasonable demand of life styles in is

its

patients that they alter their entire

order to optimize their chances of ultimate recovery. This

accomplished by adopting the following procedures:

dietary nutrition; (2) elimination of

chemical or food, as well as

all

all

optimum

(1)

allergy-producing substances,

addictions; (3) rotation of foods;

(4)

compensation for nutritional deficiencies via the use of nutrient supplements: vitamins, minerals, trace elements, enzymes, amino acids and

hormones; arsenic,

(5)

elimination of toxic minerals such as lead, mercury,

cadmium and

the like; and (6) elimination of infections via the

use of autogenous vaccines and proper levels of specific nutrients. Granted, these procedures demand more of the patient than the mere

popping of a tranquilizer into the mouth. However, such comprehensive Orthomolecular-Ecologic life-restyling therapy gives promise of reducing or eliminating the disease process

Such a therapy stands in symptoms which allows the

itself.

contrast to the merely palliative treatment of

underlying biochemical degenerative process to continue uninterrupted.

Abram active (e.g.,

M.D., Ph.D., has warned that he has seen many hyperyoung children who were placed on symptomatic drug therapy Ritalin), a type of therapy which brings the hyperactive symptoms Hoffer,

immediately under control,

later

degenerate further into adult schizo-

phrenia because the underlying metabolic problems remained untreated.

An

in-depth understanding of the degenerative disease process will

enlighten the reader as to

why

concede

wearing the tranquilizer

in a

that the patient

this

can occur. For now, however, straitjacket

biochemical prison from which he has no healthy escape.

is

let

us

really

We

must

begin to realize the necessity for concentrating not on the outward

symptoms of

the disease, and the resulting Toximolecular symptomatic

treatment, but on the underlying metabolic disease process the

Orthomolecular-Ecologic treatment methods by which

itself, it

and

can be

brought under control.

The Orthomolecular-Ecologic

profile applied to degenerative dis-

98

BRAIN ALLERGIES

ease reveals dynamic interactions between several organic

common

These are the

The

diseases.

hyperactivity,

different

diabetes,

factors.

denominators of many different degenerative diseases

we

know

all

(i.e.,

schizophrenia,

hypoglycemia and many others) are named

according to the specific tissues inflamed,

the

metabolic

particular

systems interfered with, the secondary invading opportunist organisms

evoked, the behavioral symptoms displayed, or the specific gland which is

disordered; however, the underlying disease process, and

organic factors,

from which

the basic foundation

is

all

related

its

these different

reactions are built.

Hans Selye 2 taught us tive diseases. all

He

that there

is

a central factor in

called this factor stress,

all

degenera-

which he maintained fatigues

biochemical metabolic processes. In our

clinic,

biochemical monitor-

ing reveals that maladaptive reactions, such as the chronic addictive reactions and their counterpart allergic reactions to foods,

and inhalants, are the central

stress building blocks

degenerative diseases are constructed. in

from which many

As we have already demonstrated

our clinical studies, the frequency with which a food

determines whether

However, dietary volved

in the

it

becomes

chemicals

is

eaten largely

on the metabolic process.

a stress burden

patterns are obviously not the only stress factor in-

disease process.

The

nutritional quality of the food

is

very

important, since every cell in our body needs the forty-plus nutrients

mentioned

previously

in

and propagate

order to sustain

itself

in

a

healthy manner.

Monitoring of blood-sugar levels, insulin production, acid-base enzyme production before and

balance, and pancreatic bicarbonate and after test

pancreas

exposures to potentially allergic substances reveals that the is

the first organ to develop inhibited function

from these

varied stresses; frequently eaten foods usually are the most obvious

stress-producing factors. If the frequency of foods eaten as to establish allergic-addictive reactions, or inferior,

so as to establish deficiencies

in

if

is

too great, so

the nutrient quality

vitamins,

is

minerals, trace

elements, amino acids and so on, the pancreas (along with other parts

of the body) suffers from

this stress load,

and malfunctions occur

equipment. The names commonly used to refer the

pancreas are hypoglycemia and diabetes.

to these

in the

malfunctions in

These two seemingly

separate metabolic problems are basically only different stages of a

more fundamental disease process, which detail in chapter ten.

will be discussed in greater

UNDERSTANDING THE DISEASE PROCESS

There

evidence that

is

all

99

endocrine glands can be influenced by

reactions to foods, chemicals and/or inhalants.

3

These influences are

usually in the nature of inhibition of function, as with the pancreas.

Women

in the involutional

and libido improves

in

period characteristically lose their hot flashes,

men and women, when

and rotation of symptom-incriminated

impression

is

is

proper avoidance

practiced.

is

Low

thyroid

when avoiding and spacing

function characteristically returns to normal

of symptom-producing substances

there

allergic substances.

In

the

fact,

clinical

gained that primary endocrine disorders cannot be correctly

assessed until after the removal of or nonsymptom-level spacing of dictive substances. For

now, however,

organ which encounters stress

first

let

and most

Reduced pancreatic function based on tions,

all

ad-

us center our attention on the drastically: the pancreas.

such as addic-

stress factors

chemical toxins, and allergies, as well as established nutritional

deficiencies, should be considered as the foundation different degenerative diseases are built.

A

on which many

few consequences of the

pancreatic deficiency disease process are: (1) a disordered acid base

balance;

diminished pancreatic proteolytic enzyme levels

(2)

blood; (3) digestive failure, resulting into

amino

in a

the

in

poor breakdown of proteins

acids; (4) the resulting circulation in the blood of nonusable

proteins and peptides which lodge in tissues and evoke kinin-inflammatory reactions;

and

(5) circulation in the

blood of partially digested

lipids.

Let us examine each of these consequences in more detail.

When there

too

Bicarbonate line

much

stress causes the pancreas to function improperly,

a reduction in the proper levels of pancreatic bicarbonate.

is first

is

medium

that pancreatic secretion

which creates a necessary alka-

for the small intestines. In pancreatic deficiencies, acute

metabolic acidosis usually occurs after the meal because the pancreatic bicarbonate

now

stomach as

it

undersupplied has not neutralized the acid from the

empties into the duodenum. This reduction of proper

bicarbonate levels results proteolytic

in

whereby

the

enzymes, which need an alkaline medium

function best, are destroyed.

enzymes,

a chain reaction

in

turn,

Low

in

pancreatic

which

to

production of pancreatic proteolytic

has the following consequences: amino-acid defi-

ciency due to a lack of digestion of proteins to amino acids; poorly digested and undigested proteins being absorbed into the blood through the intestinal

mucous membrane and evoking kinin-inflammatory

tions throughout the body;

and a continual

rise in

reactions in various tissue and organ targets.

More

reac-

kinin-inflammatory specifically, a

low

BRAIN ALLERGIES

100

level of the pancreatic

enzymes chymotrypsin and carboxypeptidase hormone kinins to rise; this,

the blood allows the levels of the tissue

evokes inflammatory reactions

turn,

Thus, once there

is

in

different tissues

in

in

and organs.

an inhibition of pancreatic function, and especially

the pancreatic bicarbonate, there follows a chain reaction of inflammatory

body (including

reactions throughout the

the brain) due to the fact that

enzymes

these all-important inflammation-controlling

Undoubtedly, the majority of inflammatory reactions

are in

in

low supply.

mentally oriented

degenerative diseases, especially schizophrenia, are kinin-evoked. It is

important to remember that

when

the pancreas

is

functioning

poorly, in addition to a disordered acid-base balance and the resulting increase of nonusable and sometimes toxic protein particles (peptides) circulating in the blood, there

An

deficiency.

is

always an accompanying amino-acid

amino-acid deficiency

is

the central nervous system, as well as

within the

human body, malfunctions

these necessary nutrients

A

further

lipase activity

—

other biochemical systems there

is

a short supply of

the very building blocks of

problem related it

a very serious problem because

many when

life.

to pancreatic insufficiency

is

the lowered

causes. Schizophrenics have been observed to have a

normal

characteristically higher than

level of free fatty acids (lipids) in

the blood. In a group of allergic, behaviorally disordered adolescents in

whom

about one-third had been psychotic,

lipid

metabolism was dem-

onstrated to be abnormally high by studying phospholipid-cholesterol ratios.

It

is

thought that

reflects cell

more

membrane

sensitively to allergic

that there are

lipase

which may cause the cell to react foods and chemicals. It has been postulated

two sources

for this disordered lipid metabolism: reduced

enzyme production by

needed for proper

lipid or fat

been clinically observed diet of

the pancreas,

lipase being the

metabolism; and a high-fat

our modern society, intervenes favorably

lipase activity

supplement

is it

enzyme

diet.

has

It

that a low-fat diet, in place of the usual high-fat

disease process. Therefore,

as

disordered phospholipid-cholesterol ratio

this

instability,

it

in

the degenerative

appears logical that in cases in which

low, one should reduce the

fat intake in the diet as

well

with not only pancreatic lipase enzymes but also a

full

spectrum of pancreatic proteolytic protein enzymes and bicarbonate. In

summary,

following manner: allergic

the

degenerative disease process develops in the

chronic

reactions to foods,

stress factors,

addictive

reactions

and

their

counterpart

chemicals, and inhalants are the central

along with nutrient deficiencies

in the diet that

produce

the pancreatic-deficiency disease process. Once the pancreas begins to

UNDERSTANDING THE DISEASE PROCESS

we encounter an

function poorly,

the small intestine.

acute metabolic acidosis occurring

in the

occur is

enzyme

level in the

small

amino-acid deficiencies while the low proteolytic level

blood allows a continual in

in

This reduction of pancreatic bicarbonate destroys

proteolytic enzymes; a lowered proteolytic intestine creates

101

rise in

kinin-inflammatory reactions to

various tissues and organs. Moreover, pancreatic insufficiency

responsible for a lowered lipase activity.

appearing in the blood

more

to react in a

may

A

lower level of

cause metabolic activity

this

enzyme

at the cellular level

sensitive fashion to allergic foods and chemicals.

degenerative disease process

now

begins, and

if

it

The

continues for any

protracted period, these multiple deficiencies feed upon one another and

add

to the additional metabolic stress that finally breaks

up the

entire

biochemical balance needed for health.

The

far-reaching chain reaction of metabolic malfunctions set in

motion by

this

disease process

is

staggering to contemplate.

reactions in the brain alone have been clinically observed to

fall

Kinin

into the

classic psychiatric degenerative diagnostic categories of schizophrenia,

manic depression, psychotic depression, hyperkinesis, autism, learning and a host of others. The implications of these discoveries are numerous. Psychiatrists, neurologists and disabilities, hallucinations, delusions

physicians are tions,

now

faced with the evidence that

it

is

not just hallucina-

delusions, depressions, agitation or other less severe reactions

such as anxiety,

headaches and compulsions

that

they

are

dealing

with, but a basic organic disease process, with the consequences of

numerous metabolic deficiencies, toxicities, addictions, and so forth, impinging on central-nervous-system function. To consider all these apparently different states in terms of a single disease process provides a valuable framework for treatment whether the presenting symptoma-

tology be mental or physical.

process rationally offers a

much

Treating the basic underlying disease better prospect of achieving a final

lasting success than does the use of traditional methods.

treatment

is

possible only

new approach the evidence

There I

if

and causes of

is

psychiatrists

to diagnosis, enlarging

a great deal

have been able

its

and

Of course, such

and neurologists undertake a scope to include a search for

this disease process.

more

to the degenerative disease process than

to discuss here, but this brief

summary emphasizes

the

we need a new orientation, a new direction of research which underlying metabolic degenerative disease processes are looked

fact that

and with continuing have concentrated on the pancreas, but

in great detail I

in at

clinical interest. it

certainly

is

not the only

BRAIN ALLERGIES

102

endocrine gland significantly involved ess. is

The adrenal gland, with

very important

in

its

is

degenerative disease proc-

more

sixty or

handling

necessary function. There

in the

corticosteroid hormones,

of course, each gland has

stress;

its

evidence pointing to the clinical conclusion

maladaptive reactions to foods and chemicals which alters the normal processes of all the glands; this state is called a "panendocrine disorder." It can be related to either an over or underproduction of hormones. We have clinically recorded, for example, low adrenocortical hormones (adrenal gland), high progesthat the stress factors of

produce a

state

thyroxine levels (thyroid gland) and

terone production (ovaries), low

low estrogen production (ovaries)

The causes of

reactions.

between them, need

tions

It is

in

response to maladaptive allergic

these disorders, along with to

all

the other interac-

be studied further.

time for medicine to recognize that more research needs to be

directed at the nutritional Orthomolecular-Ecologic problems which de-

velop

at the cellular level.

symptoms.

We

must

No

direct

longer can

we

be content merely

to treat

our attention toward the prevention and

treatment of degenerative disease by studying and using those stances that normally occur in the

we be

human body. Then and only

sub-

then will

able to understand the total disease process.

Maladaptive allergic and addictive food and chemical reactions

most cases bear a

More

direct relationship to a nutritionally deficient

specifically, because the frequent use of only a

specific

enzymes needed

for metabolism,

and also

in

state.

few foods uses up

fails to

provide the

necessary broad spectrum of nutrients demanded by proper metabolism,

may

such a diet certain

tissues,

cells,

substances

help to create a nutritionally deficient state within

and organs of the body. The chronic use of

making unusual demands on body chemistry

(e.g..

tea,

coffee, alcohol, tobacco), or chronic contact with pollutants such as gas

fumes,

insecticide

like, or the

residues,

industrial

wastes,

lead,

mercury or the

continual intake of food colorings and additives

all

drain the

body of nutrients necessary to cellular metabolism. The specific tissues in which a nutritional deficiency is occurring often can give us a clue as to the specific nutrient in low supply. For example, inadequate amounts of vitamins

A

and

D

produce unhealthy and therefore overreactive

mucous membranes. Deficiencies of and of vitamin

C

the

B-complex, and especially B-6.

produce unhealthy brain function and predispose

patients to maladaptive reactions of the central nervous system.

same

is

true for minerals;

magnesium,

for instance,

important elements for healthy brain function, and than optimal levels can have serious consequences.

is its

The

one of the most presence

at less

UNDERSTANDING THE DISEASE PROCESS

What have on

specific effect, then,

do these

states

of nutritional deficiency

the proper functioning of our body's metabolism?

to this question

important, for

is

it

will give us

103

The answer

deeper insights into the

relationships existing between these deficiency states and the disease

process previously discussed.

has been clinically observed that maladaptive reactions to foods,

It

chemicals, and inhalants most often produce localized inflammatory

edema and

toxicity in specific target tissues and/or organs of the body.

This reaction compromises the healthy functioning of the local tissues

in

several ways. First, associated with kinin-mediated inflammatory allergic

edema

is

an often severely lowered oxygen level

reacting tissue.

demands

This results

in

cellular

injury,

in

the specific

which makes further

for specific nutrients already in short supply.

Such

a vicious

cycle of nutritional deficiencies, allergic response, localized edema, cellular

injury

with

associated

lower levels of oxygen supply, and

consequently even greater nutritional deficiencies encourages locally present and usually dormant opportunist infectious microorganisms to

become

active.

To

put

another way, each time there exists an acute

it

no matter what

allergic reaction resulting

from a

the specific reaction

there simultaneously exists an inflammatory

edema causing a local the reaction. Once this

is,

nutritional deficiency,

reduction in oxygen supply to tissues involved in has occurred, a favorable biological state exists for Infectious microorganisms quickly multiply at

a flareup of infection.

become toxin-producing. This biochemical system to become even more

staggering rates and

causes the

and the end

cient,

invites

used

result

is

a

low

level of

infectious toxicity nutritionally defi-

immunological defense which

even more infectious invasion, since proper levels of antibodies

in the fight against infections

nutrition

We

is

available; a

more severe

cannot be attained unless optimum allergic sensitivity also results.

can see, therefore, that the disease process

is

a chain reaction,

with each state bringing about the next. This biochemical chain reaction is

so tightly interrelated that one cannot speak of one link

without considering

its

place in the whole chain.

in the

chain

The disease process

must be thought of as a dynamic process involving many different yet interdependent and interacting aspects. It is thus not advisable to center one's attention on symptomatic treatment and relief of one part of the disease process. All the dynamics involved must be taken into consideration and acted

upon accordingly.

Infections are one of the very important links in our biochemical

disease-process chain;

let

us examine for a

moment some

interesting

discoveries concerning them. Schizophrenics, like other organically

ill

BRAIN ALLERGIES

104

which can become active

patients, harbor multiple infectious agents

any time

ten to fifteen different types of infections

from schizophrenics;

in

specific case twenty-nine infections including bacteria and fungi

discovered.

It is

one

were

important not only that these infections do indeed exist,

symptoms can

but also that mental

to these infectious agents.

One

at

times be produced by re-exposure

twenty-four-year-old schizophrenic, for

example, developed acute catatonia on a single exposure albicans. But

at

experience has demonstrated cultures of

in their lives. Clinical

what

is

even more interesting

is

that she

to

episodic Candida albicans vaginal infections. Another example

an eighteen-year-old paranoid schizophrenic

who had

Candida

had a history of is

that of

nasal staphylococ-

many times in his life. He became paranoid and developed stuffy nose when sublingually tested with staphylococcus vaccine. Based on clinical evidence, we can now say that many different

cus infections a

infectious microorganisms can be demonstrated to be as powerful toxic agents in producing specific maladaptive reactions as

specific

foods, chemicals and inhalants. Therefore, the infections the patient

is

harboring should always be a part of the differential diagnosis that points to the various causes of

no

there are

symptoms. Also, it is probably true that human body that are free from an

tissues or organs in the

assortment of varying types of latent opportunist microorganisms. In

we must in

consider

organic disease

damage and

it

fact,

probable that one of the final deteriorating processes

is

that of microbial invasion, with the resultant tissue

toxins interfering with the patient's nutritional, hormonal and

enzymatic systems. Every attempt should be made

to eliminate the en-

vironment by which these microorganisms can become active and multiply.

One isms

is

aspect of treatment which centers on infectious microorgan-

reinforcement of the immunological defenses. The three key

words for

this

approach are vaccination, nutrition and avoidance.

is the use of autogenous vaccines composed of bodies of the microorganisms and/or their toxins, isolated from the blood or

The

urine. sited

first

step

Such vaccines can also be made from cultures from infections in the skin, ear, nose, throat, mouth and armpits. It does not

matter from which source the vaccine is made, but only that it is made from the patient's own microorganism population, hence the term autogenous ("self-born"). In spite of all the many infections cultured from schizophrenics, there is only one organism that has been observed to

be characteristically present

cryptocides.

Two

in all cases.

stock vaccines

(i.e.,

That organism

is

vaccines that are not

Progenitor

made from

the patient's

own body

Maruyama. The former the

UNDERSTANDING THE DISEASE PROCESS

105

BCG

and

fluids) is

in

this

case are

derived from Microbacterium tuberculosis,

from Microbacterium

latter

important

leprae.

Both these vaccines have a

cross-antigenicity with Progenitor cryptocides, as they

all

belong to the

order Actinomycetales. Other stock vaccines that have varying degrees

of usefulness

in stimulating

immunologic defenses

are sheep cell, flu

vaccine, poison ivy-oak-sumac, and stock respiratory bacterial vaccines.

Second, there needs to be optimum

mum

nutrition. This

means an

supply of amino acids and specific minerals as well as

opti-

all

the

vitamins, especially vitamins C, B-6 and pantothenic acid, which are

needed

to support adrenocortical function during the stress

of vaccina-

optimum white-blood-cell proliferation. Antibodies cannot be formed unless there is an optimum supply of these three tion as well as

nutrients,

as

well

as

an adequate supportive base of

all

the

other

necessary nutrients.

Minerals are far more important

in this respect

than once thought.

Hair biopsy (analysis) sometimes reveals either specific mineral defi-

which can be easily corrected with appropriate supplements, or

ciencies,

occasional evidence of toxic levels of lead, mercury, cadmium, nickel, tin

or aluminum. These mineral toxicities not only interfere with proper

central-nervous-system function, but can also deplete the system of other nutritional factors, establishing a fertile environment in which infectious microorganisms can flourish. Mineral toxicity usually lated to individual habits, which must be explored and,

if

Eating large quantities of tuna often provides too

corrected.

is

re-

necessary,

much

mercury; heavy smoking of tobacco provides an excess of cadmium;

cooking with aluminum utensils can cause toxic levels of appear

in

that metal to

the body; some hair dyes contain very large amounts of lead

which can be absorbed through the scalp; drinking water may contain one or more toxic metals. Therefore, any Orthomolecular-Ecologic profile study of immunological defenses must include consideration of the presence and sources of toxic metals. Third,

we must

establish an

function by avoidance,

optimum

local

and systemic cellular

spacing of contact, and rotation of allergy-

incriminating foods, chemicals and inhalants.

These three principles

must be honored or allergic reactions will begin to appear. Once this happens, you have kinin-mediated inflammation in specific target tissues and the resultant reduction of oxygen levels. When there are low oxygen levels, there are much greater chances of a flareup of infectious microorganisms.

106

BRAIN ALLERGIES

This three-part approach to dealing with infection

more complicated and time-consuming than

the

is

obviously

familiar practice of

administering antibiotics. However, while antibiotics

may

temporarily

stop the spread of infectious microorganisms, their use does not improve

weak biochemical

the nutritionally

ameliorate the addictive

situation,

food reactions associated with nutritional deficiencies, or bolster the

immunological defense system which allowed the infection

failing

occur

As

in the first place.

continue to poison the system treatment

may

to

a result, the likelihood that infections will is

To be

very great.

sure,

symptomatic

stop one or more infectious flareups, but the degenerative

disease process continues uninterrupted.

The same

is

true for

symptomatic therapy of

A

kinin-inflammatory reactions. reaction

allergic

allergically

may

specific phenothiazine

mediated reduce an

and thus temporarily stop a particular undesirable

symptom; but again, the underlying disease process continues. This may more severe nutritional deficiencies, greater susceptibility to infectious invasion, more cerebral allergies, and a four-to-five times greater chance of becoming diabetic or developing permanent Parkinresult later in

son's disease or tardive dyskinesia. etiology

—

the root cause

—of

I

want

emphasize

to

the entire disease process

that unless the

is first

clinically

discovered and then treated via Orthomolecular-Ecologic methods, dire results

will

almost certainly be produced by symptomatic treatment

methods. In spite of

numerous observations over

the years of mental

and

physical reactions to foods, chemicals, inhalants, microorganisms, and the

symptom consequences of

heavy metal

toxicity,

addiction,

is

it

and infections,

nutritional deficiencies

and the biological consequences of allergy and

not popular to seriously consider these factors in the

and emotional

differential diagnosis of mental

only slightly considered

in

illness;

they are usually

chronic physical degenerative

diseases.

There are indications that the widespread determination to ignore the evidence supporting the concepts of Orthomolecular-Ecologic diagnosis and treatment of mental illness is weakening. Many physicians and patients

experienced

in

current

treatment are gratified by the diagnosis and treatment.

What

traditional results

I

have been discussing

cure, but rather an abundantly healthy

diagnosis

psychiatric

and

obtained by this approach to

life style

is

not a miracle

which must be unquali-

be symptom-free or relatively so. This altered way of life offers the prospect of stopping, and to some degree even reversing, the progress of chronic physical and mental degenerafiedly adopted if the person

is

to

UNDERSTANDING THE DISEASE PROCESS

The present evidence

tive diseases.

term, intense cal

— and

shows

clearly

—

necessarily expensive

The most

and psychosis

the need for long-

scientific evaluations of clini-

Orthomolecular-Ecologic medicine as applied

tive diseases in general

107

to chronic

degenera-

in particular.

profitable approach to discovering the sources of acute

and chronic degenerative disease, whether physical or mental, is to examine broadly the body chemistry and function during a symptomreduced or symptom-free state occurring after a four-to-six-day period of avoidance of symptom-incriminated substances;

compared with

the

abnormal chemical

shifts

this then

should be

and disordered functions ap-

pearing in the symptom-evoked state occurring during allergy testing of single substance exposures.

Such

method does not

a

violate Williams's

principle of "biochemical individuality," since each patient

is

an individual basis: the patient's unique biochemical pattern

is

and compared before and patient's condition

chemistry; he

is

is

after allergy-testing procedures.

compared

not

to

someone

tested

on

analyzed

That

is,

the

else's disordered bio-

studied as a functioning individual with specific needs,

deficiencies, and unique biochemical problems.

The

patient serves as

own control. Thus, without double-blind studies on hundreds of cases, we have believable evidence of a cause-and-effect relationship his

between stimulus and response before and after testing. This method has been recommended and profitably applied by many

existing

basic

physicians. In this

and previous chapters we have discussed

at

length the purely

physical components of what traditional medical doctrine regards as

mental and emotional conditions.

We

hope and believe

that

we have

presented sufficient evidence to convince the lay or professional reader that nutritional

fects

deficiencies,

allergic-addictive reactions and their ef-

on the system are strongly implicated

whether of the mind or the body.

We

do

in

not,

degenerative conditions,

however, wish

to give the

impression that conventional psychiatric techniques and methods are irrelevant or unimportant.

Even

if

the physical aspect of the degenera-

tive disease process is effectively dealt with, there remains a residuum of maladaptive learned responses, lack of maturity and deficiency in social responses produced by the illness; this requires treatment in terms

of psychology rather than physiology. Therefore, there are three elements to be considered diagnosis: (1)

symptoms

in differential

as an expression of nutritional deficiencies or

excesses, or heavy metal toxicity; (2)

symptoms

as an expression of a

reaction to environmental substances such as foods, chemicals, inhal-

BRAIN ALLERGIES

108

and microorganisms and

ants,

responses to

experiences.

life

which takes

that

was established and

toxicity.

their toxins;

The most

and

diagnose and

is

Orthomolecular medicine

symptoms

treat

as learned

satisfactory treatment format

into account all these factors. to

symptoms

(3)

terms of deficiency

in

Ecologic medicine examines and deals with symptoms as

reactions to substances. Avoidance of symptom-incriminated substances

has more immediate clinical value than giving a nutrient or removing a

heavy metal; the detection and treatment of both ecologic and

toxic

metabolic factors gives increased values beyond either approach alone. In fact, satisfactory clinical results frequently cannot be achieved unless

two systems

these

medicine

how

is

now

are combined. Therefore, Orthomolecular-Ecologic

rapidly developing in the direction of further study of

nutritional factors

and ecologic controls affect each other. Physi-

who combine Orthomolecular medicine

cians

discovering that

combination of

optimum

(1)

an

Human Ecology

with

are

successful treatment involves a simultaneous

initial

three-month avoidance of allergy-producing

incriminated substances; (2) a four-day rotation of foods with the reinstatement of incriminated foods in three months

if

they are

still

not

symptom-producing; (3) specific appropriate treatment for laboratorydemonstrated deficiencies: vitamins C, B-l, B-3, B-6, B-12,

amino

acids, minerals, lead, mercury,

cadmium,

folic acid,

nickel and so on; (4)

general supportive nutrition, including diet and nutrient supplements to

meet

all

individually determined cellular needs; (5) supporting pancre-

function with

atic

enzymes and amino

completely reinstate cise;

and

its

acids in those patients

who do

not

function after a period of time; (6) vigorous exer-

(7) psychological treatment

such as training

down phobias and

obsessions and compulsions, problem solving and teaching of social skills and personality maturity. This Orthomolecular-Ecologic metabolic profile

applies equally to chronic physical and chronic mental illnesses. It

has been traditional, and

in

many

respects useful, for medical

science to define sharply the differences in diseases. However,

now be

clear that

it is

it

should

also important and profitable to diagnose and treat

the chronic degenerative disease process

which

is

a

common

factor in

both physical and mental diseases. This approach provides the measures by which a physician can take steps to halt and to some degree reverse the degenerative disease process.

PREVENTIVE SELF-HELP

We this

stated earlier that nutritional treatment of the conditions discussed in

book

is

a matter for professionals,

and the research and case

histories presented as evidence for the conclusions

drawn have

taken from professional sources. Yet a book such as

this,

all

been

intended to

acquaint the lay public as well as the concerned physician with the

concepts of Orthomolecular medicine and ent

some information which

there are certain measures such a reader better health

Human

Ecology, should pres-

the individual reader can use to advantage;

may

take which can promote

or enhance his understanding of his basic mental and

physical condition, especially with regard as to what type of professional assistance might be sought.

No two

people have exactly the same inherited characteristics

carried in his or her body's estimated 100,000 genes. Therefore, no

people have the same nutrient needs. doses, while others

may need

Some may need

two

meganutrient

only micronutrient doses. In other words,

the dosage of a specific nutrient or group of nutrients that will help one

individual

may

thought

mind, and also the

in

be too low or high for another individual. Keeping

this

work together

as a

fact that all nutrients

Williams has formulated a basic "health insurance" program that most people can adopt as a preventive measure. This formula, coupled with the rotation diet, will supply for everyone a team, Dr. Roger

J.

109

22

Ill)

BRAIN ALLERGIES

degree of protection against developing allergic or addictive responses foods and chemicals.

to

Vitamin

A D

Vitamin

He

suggests the following daily dosages:

Vitamin

E

7500 I.U. 400 I.U. 40 I.U.

Vitamin

K

2

Vitamin

C

250

Vitamin B-l

2

Vitamin B-2

2

Vitamin B-6

3

Vitamin B-l

9

Niacinamide

20

Pantothenic acid

15

Biotin

0.3

Folic acid

0.4

Choline

250

Inositol

250

However,

if

30

mg

(PABA)

acid

mg mg 750 mg 200 mg 15 mg 15 mg 2 mg 0. 15 mg 5 mg 0. mg 1.0 mg 0.02 mg 0.1 mg 200

Rutin

Calcium

750

Phosphate

Magnesium Iron

Zinc

Copper Iodine

Manganese

Molybdenum Chromium

1

Selenium Cobalt

chronic physical or mental problems do continue,

might be advisable is

mg mg mg mg mg mg mg mg mg mg mg mg

Para-aminobenzoic

to consult an Orthomolecular-Ecologic physician.

it

He

trained to administer megaformulations of nutrients and will probably

use

some

or

all

of the following nutrients

varying dosages.

in

different physicians throughout the country

the following

problem being

may want

megadosages depending upon treated.

A

10,000 to 50,000 I.U

Vitamin B-l

100 to 1500

Vitamin B-2

100

to

1500

Vitamin B-6

100 to 1500

Vitamin B-l Niacin

500 200

Biotin

0.3 to 0.6

Choline

250

Folic acid Inositol

Para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA)

1

500 300

mg mg mg

to

3000 meg

to

mg mg 1000 mg 5 mg 1000 mg 1500 mg

to to

to to

course,

lower

the patient and the specific

VARIATIONS OF MEGANUTRIENT FORMULATIONS PER DAY

Vitamin

Of

to raise or

1500

PREVENTIVE SELF-HELP

Pantothenic acid

Vitamin

C

Vitamin

D

Vitamin

E

mg mg

100 to 1500

1000 to 10,000

Calcium

400 400 500

Magnesium

100 to

20

Iron

to

1200

to

2400

to

mg 300 mg 60 mg

to

150 to 300

Copper

5 to 15 15 to

Chromium

1

Manganese

to

5 to

or higher

U.

I.U.

1000

Iodine

Zinc

I.

///

meg

mg 30 mg 3 mg 15 mg

200 meg

Selenium

These

lists

of nutrients do not mention any specific amino acids,

enzymes, or hormones

that

might also be used by a physician treating

particular medical problems.

However, since

has been reported that

it

chronic degenerative diseases, whether physical or mental, to a large

degree relate to the chronic stress of addiction and similar reactive states,

it

is

preferable that a physician

be the one to sort out the

reactions to foods and chemicals, test for infections and other specific nutritionally related deficiencies,

emotionally

ill,

and

treat the patient accordingly.

many people who

Unfortunately,

have a misconception

are really quite

that they

can do

ill,

especially

all this

own. In trying to have people help themselves when they have on doing it themselves, I have run into the unhappy situation of claiming that the system did not work,

followed

it

enough

closely

to give

it

when

a chance.

disillusioned about emotionally and mentally selves.

I

that they

feel that they really

may

in reality

ill

I

their

insisted

patients

they had never

have thus become

patients helping them-

should have professional help.

react to a food and have such serious

require immediate professional help.

on

It is

possible

symptoms

In short, there are

as to

many people

who should not attempt self-help, and there is no way for a doctor to know who these people are unless he examines them. Therefore, anyone engaging

must do so without considering it as a prescription equally important that this book not be misconstrued

in self-help

from a doctor.

It is

BRAIN ALLERGIES

112

Some

as a prescription for self-help. to

five

problems. to die.

people can fast for a period of four

days without any problems.

Some might

Others will have very

Others might have seizures or asthmatic attacks.

crash directly into a full-blown psychosis. it

serious

experience such severe depression that they wish

It

others will

Still

should be pointed out that

not absolutely necessary to fast. Foods that are seldom used can be

is

taken instead. These should be foods that do not relate even family- wise to the foods

which

that

commonly

person

uses.

However,

does not

this

assure one that he will not have adverse reactions to the foods to which

he

is

addicted and which he

caution

is

the important

is

word

Obviously, there are

still

now withdrawing from

his diet.

Again,

dealing with any of these matters.

in

large

numbers of people who

are capable

of self-assessment without either physical or emotional danger. These people can receive considerable benefits just by being oriented to the material in this book.

The pulse

tion of allergies.

suspected food

one possible instrument for self-help and recogni-

test is

is

pulse

If the

eaten,

is

within the normal range before the

should be taken every fifteen to thirty minutes

it

for about an hour and a half after the food

84

(in the

high 80s or 90s or beyond)

is

at this

eaten.

point

of allergic reactions. Occasionally the opposite

is

A is

pulse rate above

usually indicative

true, with the pulse

markedly decreasing, giving a brachycardia instead of a tachycardia. This

is

also indicative of possible allergic reactions.

The pulse test picks up only a few of the maladaptive reactions. However, there is another technique for self-detection of allergic reactions. This method involves using a long- wave ultraviolet light shone on a test tube of urine. In doing this,

shine the light

no

gummed

downward

stickers

on

normal color for urine

is

at a it

fill

the test tube three-quarters full and

45° angle, making sure the

as they will

test

make an abnormal

tube has

shine.

The

a straw or clear color. Often the urine will turn

blue (any shade from light to dark) after an allergic reaction. Occasionally the urine will turn pink or

even deep

red.

These pink-red colors

it

is

also connected with

allergic reactions. Test the urine before the food

is

eaten;

indicate porphyria,

which seldom occurs, but

if

it

is

normal

then proceed with the food; three hours later test the urine again. If there are any samples that of necessity are urinated before that time, test these

However, the three-hour level is when reactions are most likely to show up. These long- wave ultraviolet lights (commonly called "black

also.

PREVENTIVE SELF-HELP

ll.i

lights") are inexpensive and can be purchased from any medical supply

house. Doctors often use them to look

A

constantly in the office

each the

meal.

test

If the

mg

the next

is

fungus infections.

to

examine is

a diabetic,

make

test

meal,

sure that

percent or less. This requires more small lance

necessary.

is

the blood sugar it

after the test meal.

percent with a

meal

to

person

meal and one hour

160

at

technique of monitoring for allergic reactions that

it

it

use after

should be tested before

However,

if

it

beyond

is

always tested again before

is

has normalized

skill

we

one hour

down

to

115

mg

since pricking the finger with a

The instrument used

is

an Eyetone machine

with a Dextrostix. Several drops of blood are placed on a Dextrostix and

allowed to in the

set for

Company and can

Laboratory panies.

one minute, then washed

off. This, in turn, is

meter and read. The Eyetone instrument

They

is

made by

placed

the Miles

be purchased from medical supply com-

will also instruct the person in

its

pricking technique. Blood sugars that are 160

use and in the finger-

mg

percent and beyond

are significant and represent an allergic diabetic-related reaction.

In case one does require the help of a professional, the following

organizations

may

be contacted; a stamped,

self- addressed

envelope should accompany any requests for information:

Philpott Medical Center, Inc.

820 N.E. 63rd

Street

OK 73105 William H. Philpott, M.D. (Medical Director) (405) 840-4357 Oklahoma

City,

The Huxley Institute for Biosocial Research of Ohio, 312 Carpenter Road Defiance, Ohio 43512 Mrs. Arthur

Dwight K.

J.

Kalita, President

Kalita, Ph.D., Research Director

The Huxley Institute 14 First Avenue

for Biosocial Research

1 1

New

York,

NY

10021

The International Academy Metabology, 2428 Castillo Street Santa Barbara, CA 93105 Arthur Kaslow, M.D. (805) 682-2682

Inc.

Inc.

business-sized

114

BRAIN ALLERGIES

Society for Clinical Ecology

109 West Olive

CO 80524 Lawrence D. Dickey, M.D. Fort Collins,

International

Academy

871 Frostwood Drive

Houston,

TX

77024

of Preventive Medicine

DIABETES AND HYPOGLYCEMIA: A NEW LOOK AT AN OLD PROBLEM

Diabetes and hypoglycemia are usually thought of as distinct disease

The purpose of

entities calling for specific treatment.

show

that,

tive disease process discussed in the strate

this

chapter

is

to

on the contrary, these conditions are aspects of the degenerapreceding chapter, and to demon-

approaches to diagnosis and treatment based on

this

concept.

The proper maintenance of constant and adequate glucose (blood body is one of the most important functions of our biochemical being. Your brain needs glucose in order to think clearly; your muscles need glucose for strength and action; your entire body sugar) levels in the

needs glucose to maintain

body insures

life.

A

we have proper

that

anterior pituitary gland,

sugar; the adrenal

delicately regulated process of the levels of glucose in our blood.

which produces hormones

that elevate

The

blood

medulla, which produces epinephrine (adrenalin),

which stimulates the breakdown of stored glycogen (carbohydrate stored in the liver); and the adrenal cortex, which produces a number of hormones called glucosteroids that are necessary for the metabolism of all carbohydrates simultaneously act like instruments in a harmonious and complex symphony of metabolism so

that

an adequate level of

glucose can be supplied to the body. The pancreas,

in turn,

produces

which regulates the level of blood sugar and thus helps control any diabetic symptoms. insulin,

to

Figure 2 illustrates varying degrees of abnormal blood-sugar levels.

For example, of insulin

Line

line

in the

B shows

A

is

diabetes, in

which there

is

blood, and the blood sugar level

an insufficient amount is

obviously too high.

a very sudden drop in proper sugar levels (i.e.,

glycemia) from 220 to 80 after the

first

half-hour.

In

hypo-

testing

for

115

BRAIN ALLERGIES

116

280

^(A)

260

240 220

/

/ \^L

200

//

180

(C)

L A< V (0)

160

r \\ \^

140 120

^\

\

j t

100

\

®\

80 60 40

V2

F

2

1

3

4

5

6

*00

Line A: Diabetes (high blood sugar) Line B: Early Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). A very sudden and precipitous drop coming after only a half-hour of testing. Line C: Late Hypoglycemia coming Line D: Functional Hypoglycemia. cause convulsions.

Line

E:

figure 2

in

the third or fourth hour.

A drop

the 40 to 50 range like this can

Flat Curve Hypoglycemia, usually accompanied by a response and a tired feeling all the time.

flat

emotional

Abnormal Glucose Tolerance Tests

hypoglycemia, the speed of the drop This

in

is

what Alan

Nittler,

M.D., had

criteria for the interpretation are: (l) the

is

in

an important diagnostic

mind when he

of the five-hour, seven-specimen

blood glucose level must

rise to the half-hour

tool.

listed his five test.

They

and on up

to

the one-hour level (solid black line in figure 2). In other words, there

must be

at least

one hour of increased energy because of the glucose

intake; (2) the percentage differential

between the fasting and the lowest

sugar levels must not exceed 20 percent. There must be low-level stability in

order to prevent the low symptomatic points; (3) there must

be no levels lower than the normal low level established for the

test

used. If the test used states 70 to 110 as the normal range, then there

should be no levels below 70

mg

point to the low should be about 50

percent; (4) the drop from the high

mg

percent.

A

steep and precipitous

DIABETES AND HYPOGLYCEMIA: A NEW LOOK AT AN OLD PROBLEM

117

life; and (5) the one-hour level must be at least 50 percent greater than the fasting level. A positive diagnosis o\' hypoglycemia can be made if any one of these criteria is positive. This must be qualified, since a diabetic curve can be positive in the third criterion and not be hypoglycemia. However, there are many cases which are diabetic in the first hours only to become hypoglycemic in

drop adds to the stress of

later hours.

from the

The significant fact is that, for our purposes, any variation "normal line pattern" in figure 2 should be considered as

solid

a sign of either

blood sugar).

hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) or hyperglycemia (high

1

There are various symptoms which may or may not occur when there

is

a rapid rise or

fall in

the blood sugar:

MENTAL SYMPTOMS confusion, forgetfulness, difficulty concentrating, mind goes blank.

EMOTIONAL SYMPTOMS emotional instability, strong temper, impatience and

irritability,

depres-

sion, uncontrollable crying spells.

BODILY SYMPTOMS Vision: blurred, double vision, sensitivity to light.

Pains: headaches, aching joints and twitching muscles, weakness, mental

confusion after physical or emotional

Related

illness: allergies or

stress.

asthma, alcoholism, susceptibility

to infec-

tious diseases, emotional instability.

Time of symptoms:

feelings of

before breakfast; other

weakness and

symptoms can occur

irritability in the

generally two or

after eating or after exhausting physical or emotional stress.

For many years there has existed relating to carbohydrate intolerance.

The

in

morning

more hours 2

medicine a generalization

diabetic and

hypoglycemic are

said to have carbohydrate intolerance because of the fact that a single

carbohydrate (corn sugar) food

test

with blood-sugar levels monitored

before and after the test meal (as in figure 2) offers evidence that a patient cannot properly handle sugar.

may conclude

that the

blood sugar

of carbohydrate intolerance. all

From

is

Having accepted

this idea,

one

low because also assumed that

either too high or too

this

evidence

it

is

other carbohydrates will not be tolerated. Treatment of these carbo-

hydrate-intolerance conditions logically involves reducing carbohydrate intake.

However,

there are physicians

who have

discovered that hypo-

BRAIN ALLERGIES

118

glycemia and hyperglycemia can be evoked ingested any food or allergic.

come

in contact

in

person

a

who

Broad-spectrum food and chemical symptom-induction

with blood sugar and

pH

has

with any chemical to which he

monitored before and

is

testing,

after the test, reveals the

surprising fact that low and high blood sugar can be evoked by foods of all types,

whether

fats,

carbohydrates or proteins, and that chemicals

such as petrochemical hydrocarbons and even tobacco equally evoke

abnormal sugar

level curves in susceptible persons.

The foods causing

these reactions are specific for each person. Carbohydrates predominate as symptom-precipitating substances, but the reactions are not limited to

carbohydrates and can be caused by any substance to which the person reacts maladaptively.

The simple

fact of the matter

is

that

abnormal

sugar levels in the body are caused by allergic-like reactions to specific substances. that of a

The

central

problem

general type of food

in

hypoglycemia and diabetes

(i.e.,

is

not

carbohydrates) but that of an

individual maladaptive allergic reaction which in turn interferes with

proper blood sugar levels. These maladaptive reactions must always be individually diagnosed by provocative food testing. In short,

hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia should not be consid-

ered strictly in terms of carbohydrate metabolism dysfunction. Rather, clinically suspected incriminating substances of all kinds

must be exam-

ined in the light of allergic biochemical individuality and treatment

administered accordingly.

Case

A

histories

thirty-year-old

man

appears as a manic-depressive reaction, depressive

type, with episodic psychotic degrees of depression including a suicide

attempt and dissociated episodes during which time he went places and did things of which he has no

memory. As an

infant he

was diagnosed

and of necessity used soy milk instead of cow's milk. As an adult he assumed he had outgrown his milk allergy and as having a milk allergy

daily used dairy products in large quantities.

He was symptom-free by chemically treated water only.

the fourth day of the fast, using non-

A

test

meal of pasteurized milk plunged was normal before

him

into the depths of depression. Blood-sugar level

and

after the test.

His symptoms were relieved by the following intrave-

nous nutrients: 12.5 g of vitamin C, 20 cc of adrenal cortical extract (double strength). Powdered skim milk, cheddar cheese, and American

DIABETES AND HYPOGLYCEMIA: A NEW LOOK AT AN OLD PROBLEM

119

cheese gave no symptoms. With Swiss cheese he was cold and sweaty.

Cream cheese was a favorite Pood which he frequently used. He loved and frequently used a blue-cheese dressing containing cream cheese. Before the test for cream cheese Butter evoked a severe depression.

began, he was symptom-free. Within fifteen minutes of the test meal for cream cheese symptoms began to develop. At first he felt like withdrawing from other people due to a contemplative and depressive feeling.

Within another fifteen minutes he was severely depressed and withdrew

from the hospital parlor

room. He was over-

to the seclusion of his

would cringe

reacting to sounds and sights and

as

if

afraid of being

attacked. At this point, half an hour after the test meal, he

ated and later had no after the test

memory

was

of what happened around him.

dissoci-

Two

meal he was alternately experiencing extreme

hours

fright at

environmental stimuli, with no verbal communication, and a comatose

He was

of no response to sight and sound stimuli.

state

between a pulse

rate

of 50 and blood pressure of

mg%.

It

was

fluctuating

of 123 and blood pressure of 170/1 10 and a pulse 1

was 20 was run four times with the

14/50. At this point his blood sugar

difficult to believe, so the test

same result. He was given 12.5 g of vitamin C, 1000 mg of B-6, 10 cc of calcium gluconate, 2 g of magnesium sulfate, and 20 cc of adreno With this he awakened, was commuand was not frightened by environmental stimuli.

cortical extract (double strength).

nicative, understood

He was

too

weak

to stand.

80 and blood pressure

He had

130/84.

pounding headache. His pulse was He was given 50 mEl of sodium a

bicarbonate intravenously and his headache to stand

and he complained of spots and

sugar was again taken and found to be 30

left.

He

still

was too weak

indistinct vision.

mg

percent.

His blood

He was

given six

teaspoons of beet sugar, a glass of pineapple juice, and several bites of chocolate cake. Prior testing had demonstrated him not to be symptomreactive to cereal grains, beet or pineapple. Within thirty minutes his

blood sugar was 160

mg

percent and he was symptom-free aside from an

apprehension for several hours that the symptom

state

could suddenly

return.

The above described hypoglycemia occurring test is the

in

response to a food

most severe and most prolonged ever observed

The assumption

in

our

clinic.

that these disordered reactions will be in response

to

not valid. Testing reveals that they occur with any type of food, and that the central cause is the state of being allergic to or

carbohydrate only

is

allergic in a specific

way

to a specific

drate) or chemical. In the previously

food

(fat,

protein or carbohy-

mentioned case history the hypo-

120

BRAIN ALLERGIES

glycemic response was

to

cream cheese, which

is

largely a protein

and

fat

food.

A forty-five-year-old man had a morning fasting blood sugar of 250 mg percent. He had already been studied by an allergist and his food and chemical allergies were known. His potential to develop diabetes mellitus (hyperglycemia) had not been assessed,

since this

not a

is

The goal was to discover a way to increase his ability to rotate a reasonable number of foods into his four-day food-rotation program. Foods were chosen for testing that he routine in allergy assessments.

had not eaten for several days. All foods were withheld

blood

until his

sugar was normal. This required sixteen hours' fasting.

He was symptom-free blood sugar

at

80

mg

blood sugar was 280

before the test meal of Irish potatoes, with

percent. Forty-five minutes after the test meal his

mg

percent; his

symptoms were described

as a

spaced-out feeling, a sense of loss of balance, and a loss of balance

when he walked.

An

hour and a half before a second

nutrients

of B-l, 500

mg

orally:

acid, 10,000 units of vitamin acid, 2.8

meg

mg

meal the following

test

4 g of vitamin C, 1000 mg of B-6, 100 mg of niacinamide, 100 mg of B-2, 100 mg of pantothenic

were given

of manganese, 5

of chromium.

A, 800

mg

units of vitamin E,

of zinc, 45

He was symptom-free

mg

blood sugar was 60

tablespoon of safflower

mg

mg

1

of folic

of magnesium and 50

before the

test

meal, and his

percent. Before eating the potato he drank one oil to

reduce the absorption rate and thus reduce

mechanism. Forty-five minutes after the test meal his blood sugar was 120 mg percent. No symptoms developed during the test! the allergic trigger

This case

illustrates the

value of nutrients and

oil

before test meals.

Selective trials with varying amounts of nutrients and

oil

led to the

following conclusions: (1) the most important nutrient in relieving food-allergic symptoms is B-6, with vitamin C a good second, with the other nutrients subserving these two; (2) in a majority of reactions the

use of nutrients without the

oil is

sometimes useful

successful; and (3) oil with or without

reducing allergic reactions, probably

nutrients

is

due

slowing of the absorption of foods, but

to

to

its

in

it

is

not routinely used

reduce allergic reactions.

A

twenty-five-year-old schizophrenic

man was observed

to

be

delusional and compulsively verbalizing his delusions after smoking a cigarette.

He was

also excessively hungry and thirsty.

fasting blood sugars

were

erratic, usually

being about 100

His morning

mg

percent,

DIABETES AND HYPOGLYCEMIA: A NEW LOOK AT AN OLD PROBLEM

but on several occasions ranged between 200 to 300

discovered

when

that,

was sneaking a

his fasting blood sugar

test.

percent.

was abnormally

It

was

high, he

cigarette before the test.

His fasting sugar was 75 before the

mg

121

He smoked

mg

percent, and he

was symptom-free

eight cigarettes in thirty minutes. During the

he became delusional and compulsively verbalized his delusions, starting with the second cigarette. Thirty minutes after starting the

test

smoking

A

He went test.

blood sugar was 200

test his

twenty-four-year-old

man was

mg

percent (hyperglycemia).

a three-pack-a-day cigarette smoker.

twenty-four hours without smoking before a cigarette smoking

mg percent before the test. With the first was sweating and too weak to stand. Thirty minutes after began his blood sugar was 30 mg percent (severe hypoglycemia).

His blood sugar was 80

cigarette he the test

obvious these cases give convincing evidence

It is

that both

hypo-

glycemia and hyperglycemia can be evoked by maladaptive reactions tobacco even without the introduction of any foods.

It

to

has been ob-

served clinically that petrochemical hydrocarbons such as exhaust fumes,

perfumes, and gas stoves or heating units are equally potent sources

producing a disordered carbohydrate metabolism. Based on

this

in

evi-

dence of allergic-evoked carbohydrate-metabolism interference as the

most frequent cause of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, clinically

disorder

demonstrated that the most effective treatment for

is

has been

this

kind of

avoidance of the incriminated foods and chemicals. In

some patients have been adequately managed by diet some who required insulin before allergy treatment. It

it

should

now

fact,

alone, including

be clear that diabetes and hypoglycemia should be

viewed as manifestations of the degenerative disease process explored

in

the preceding chapter, and that the chain reaction of maladaptive reaction, addiction, nutritional deficiency,

and stress-related

3

breakdown of

these conditions just as

much

weakened

specific tissues

resistance to infection,

and organs applies

as to those previously described.

to

The

hyperglycemia (elevated blood sugar) which characterizes diabetes can be considered as the exhaustion stage of the stress reaction, and

hypoglycemia as the adaptation

stage. Initial treatment for each condi-

tion should include identification of allergy-producing foods or sub-

stances, then avoidance and spacing.

manifestations,

As with

Orthomolecular treatment

other degenerative disease

will

probably be required:

vitamin and mineral supplementation, hormonal adjustment, and proteo-

lytic-enzyme and amino-acid therapy. The general principles of

this

122

BRAIN ALLERGIES

approach have been discussed

in this chapter; a

more

detailed exposition

of treatment and examination methods, of interest chiefly to physicians,

given

is

in the

appendix.

What should be emphasized

here

that

is

the

Orthomolecular-

Ecologic treatment of these complex and often painful conditions has

been shown is that,

to

when

be dramatically effective. treatment method

this

One

striking illustration of this

followed,

is

it

has been our experi-

ence that the traditional insulin supplementation will be necessary

in

only the severest cases of maturity-onset diabetes mellitus instead of the majority. Treating rationally the basic underlying disease process with

Orthomolecular-Ecological techniques thus appears to present a

much

greater chance of success than other methods.

Success physician

in

the

seeks

example of

in

treatment of disease of

a physician

who

hyperglycemia.

how

learned

when

achieve this clinical goal, especially

all

kinds

what every

is

Glen Green, M.D.,

R.

practice.

his

The following account

difficult

it

the subject matter

depicts

good

a

is

sometimes is

is

to

hypo-

Green's struggle

in

discovering a successful treatment modality for hypo-hyperglycemia.

His search for clinical success was not an easy one, but his final realization of truth

was well worth

the struggle for himself as well as

all

his patients.

By 1968

I

was fed up with

the

way

I

was practicing medicine.

I

would goto

the Penitentiary nearly every morning, then to the hospitals for rounds and to

do anesthesia or surgery. The afternoons were

complaints varied from day to day, from week

my

to

filled

with patients whose

week. Neurotics seemed

symptoms, another set popped up. Medicine was like a rotating squirrel's cage, and I was the squirrel. The harder I worked the more there was to do, all to little avail. The same be

lot.

Just as

I

relieved a set of

patients kept returning endlessly, searching for answers, and

more of the same medicine. About this time, Dr. Hoffer's work was .

.

I

written up in Maclean's,

a national magazine. His brand of psychiatry appealed to me.

an apprenticeship with him

in

me in medicine and in my my own allergy tolerance was for

gave them

.

I

life.

...

was about

It

exhausted.

I

began

this

time that

to suffer increasing

fatigue and irritability. Instead of playing eighteen holes of golf to quit after eleven

more and more test

because

sleep, yet

I

I

just couldn't

was

(with corn sugar) was done.

100 up to 212

in thirty

arranged

October of 1968. This was the turning point

still tired.

swing the club.

I

I

had

needed

Eventually a glucose tolerance

To my amazement, my curve went from

minutes, then dropped rapidly to 80, then

to

DIABETES AND HYPOGLYCEMIA: A NEW LOOK AT AN OLD PROBLEM

returned to the fasting level. Naturally

on the

subject. Traditional medical

read everything available

I

books and journals dismissed

subject of low blood sugar out of hand.

was no hypoglycemia. This

50, there to

medical meetings where doctors,

congregate.

and find

started

I

If

me

led

who

the sugar level

in

my

the

was more than

began

diet, then

to look for

They, too, were sensitive

patients.

and

to Tintera's writings

thought differently, would

on the low-blood-sugar

my symptoms

123

to refined

carbohydrates and had hypoglycemia. Throughout Tintera's writings he frequently referred to allergy. until

of

much

my

fat,

later.

patients.

I

I

began

used the

I

didn't twig to the importance of this

do five-hour sugar-tolerance curves on many hypoglycemic diet (i.e., high protein, moderate

to

C

and low carbohydrate) plus megadoses of vitamins

symptoms. Many

clear

1973

In

I

attended a meeting in San Francisco

G. Randolph spoke about food allergy. denied

its

existence.

and B-3

to

myself included, did well for a time.

patients,

He claimed

that

I

at

which Dr. Theron

asked about hypoglycemia.

He

hypoglycemia was merely an

expression of food allergy and the symptoms could be brought on by

By now

foods other than refined carbohydrates. to eat peanuts

I

was

getting up at night

and cheese or drink milk. Randolph laughed and

"Exactly and what do you think

that

is

— food

1

allergy.

'

I

had

my symptoms were coming back with a vengeance in diet. Now the jigsaw of many symptoms and

because

low-blood-sugar

began

to

fit

together. In 1971 in Dallas

I

said,

to listen spite of the

complaints

heard Mandell, Newbold and

men, symptoms I came to the conclusion that these seemingly unexplainable in my patients could only be due to allergy. This was too much to accept Philpott give papers

all at

on cerebral

allergy. After listening to these

once. In

1974

I

took the Williams course

Wyoming. Ted Randolph was one of his

in

Rinkel allergy testing

the speakers, and

views of the previous year, with case reports

told of fasting a patient four days, then giving

to

at

Cheyenne,

he reiterated

back him up. He

one food

at a

time. This

would provoke the most outlandish symptomatology, but always something of which the patient had complained. Randolph could eliminate symptoms by

symptoms with foods and chemicals. He would on demand! This was definitely allergy, and allergy would

fasting, then reproduce

even do

this

cause backache, headache, earache or any other ache. Allergy could cause and did cause depression, mania, hyperactivity or schizophrenia. Allergy could cause fatigue, lethargy and hypoglycemia. This was to

me

a revelation,

The hypoglycemia only because now I was ready to accept it patients. Shock some on diet had failed me and others. Vitamins had failed Now patient. / can of treatment never was too successful in this type Here I concepts. new accepting understand why medical men have trouble at face value.

was, working

in the field since

1968, refusing to believe Mandell

in

1971,

BRAIN ALLERGIES

124

when

or Randolph in 1973. Only

the facts

experience did I permit myself to believe.

were demonstrated by personal It

seems we

all

must learn

hard way.

the

By now I was convinced of allergy as being the basic reason for many of the ills of man and took up Rinkel testing. Dr. Ivor Glaisher of Regina, Saskatchewan, showed me the practical side of the testing.

set

I

up

a lab with

my

using nutrients and

1975 time

visited

I I

many

wife in charge. In 1974

He was

with Dr. William H. Philpott.

I

psychological techniques on his patients. In

Randolph's hospital for several days. All during

was expanding

and nutrient therapy.

week

spent a

fasting and food testing, also

this

the use of the four-day rotary diversified diet I

have fasted many patients using Randolph's

technique and found his work to be factual, reproducible and effective.

By

recognizing allergic symptoms as being due to allergens, whatever their

nature, one

able to do

is

much

for patients. Best of all,

A

cause of the patient's symptoms. or a musty basement.

important,

It is

is

Once

perfume more

to coffee,

a patient sees this relationship and,

willing to correct

it,

certainly unfortunate that

laymen must

you know the

headache can be due

learn the hard

personal experience" do

he

all

is

well on the road to recovery.

too often

way. Only "the

we

we

4

scientists, physicians,

facts that are

and

demonstrated by

permit ourselves to believe. In Green's

case, he had to experience personally the symptomatic misery of low

blood sugar before he began his quest for truth concerning ative disease process.

He, along with many others, began

a corn-sugar test for hypoglycemia. traditional

hypoglycemia

this

this

degener-

quest with

The subsequent treatment was

diet (high protein,

moderate

fat,

the

low carbohy-

was developed by Seale Harris, M.D., in 1924. This diet, he learned, worked "well for a time," but all too soon he began to experience what other physicians were telling him he would: that with this particular treatment he would inflict upon himself new addiction to protein foods or to any other basic type of food that was frequently eaten and not rotated drate) that

on

at least

a four-day basis. These newly established addictions would then

radically alter his sugar levels and ultimately cause the reappearance of

the very

symptoms

his previously

drate foods had initiated.

poor diet of highly refined carbohyspecific foods to which

Only by recognizing

he was allergic, eliminating these foods for a few months, and then rotating

them along with

all

his other foods,

was Green able

to feel

good

again. It

fat,

cannot be overemphasized that specific foods, whether protein,

or carbohydrate, as well as chemicals, can radically alter normal

DIABETES AND HYPOGLYCEMIA: A NEW LOOK AT AN OLD PROBLEM

No

sugar levels into the states of hypo-hyperglycemia. use the traditional corn-sugar

determine that

test to

should be reduced or eliminated from the

which

is

all

we

longer can

carbohydrates

Any food

diet.

125

or chemical

frequently eaten or encountered has the potential of becoming

addictive; and, as

we have

can radically

sugar levels.

alter

already discovered, any addictive substance If

your problems, therefore, were

origi-

you eliminate them in favor two to four eggs every day it

nally related to intake of carbohydrates, and

of eating a very-high-protein diet is

—

say,

—

very likely that within a few months or less those eggs, even though

they are a superior food, loaded with

caused no symptoms, will make you

many

feel

nutrients,

very sick again. In order to

avoid this type of symptomatic merry-go-round,

remember

are: (1) recognition

and previously

the

key points

to

of allergic specificity; (2) elimination of

any incriminating substances from the four months; and (3) rotation of

all

diet or

environment for two

to

foods, including previously addic-

tive ones.

The "hard way" to discover truth need not be the only one. We must always keep in mind that the greatest enemy of any science or any discovery of truth

is

a closed mind. Accordingly,

we

should continue to

seek the courage to ask impertinent questions which will shake our

complacency and challenge our minds reaches of the great mystery of the will

we be

to look

deeper into the farthest

human body. Then and only

able, as did Green, "to accept truth at face value."

then

THE PERILS OF TOXIMOLECULAR MEDICINE: DRUG-INDUCED ILLNESSES

Thus

far

we have been concerned

deficiencies

and

degenerative diseases. There appalling because

it

is

with the roles played by nutritional

reactions

allergic

is

the

in

and progress of

initiation

another class of illness which

is

peculiarly

brought about by deliberate action, action under-

taken with the best intention and with the sanction of medical authority, but nevertheless disastrous in In

ment,

I

my

initial

its

effects.

discussion of the Orthomolecular approach to treat-

touched on Toximolecular medicine. This involves the adminis-

tration of alien

chemicals or drugs (substances not normally found

human body)

at

sublethal

degenerative diseases of

levels

all

in

the

kinds. In mental and emotional illness, this

includes giving patients a group of drugs

butyrophenones (referred

to

known

as phenothiazines kt

by the general term

dosages varying from very small

well-known

in the

treatment of infectious and

to

very large.

and

neuroleptics") in

Some examples

of

antipsychotic drugs in this category are Stelazine, Chlorpro-

mazine, Haloperidol and Flupheranine. However, what

and

at the

same time most

that

when

they are used over a period of time, which

psychiatric clinics for the mentally

is

the risk of

ill,

injury to the liver, skin, cornea, bone the central nervous system

is

most

tragic, about the neuroleptic drugs is

interesting, is

the fact

often done in our

evoking permanent

marrow, heart and especially

to

greatly increased. Physicians as well as

patients have a right to be alarmed at the

growing

list

of evidences of

adverse and even death-dealing reactions as a result of the chronic use of antipsychotic neuroleptic drugs. Consider, for instance, such side effects as allergic skin reactions, allergic

bone marrow reactions produc-

ing agranulocytosis, liver destruction, hepatitis, as well as silent coro126

THE PERILS OF TOXIMOLECULAR MEDICINE: DRUG-INDUCED ILLNESSES

127

nary death caused by drug-induced deterioration of the heart's conduc-

But probably the most well-known side effect of prolonged use of neuroleptic drugs is their tendency to produce a very serious tion system.

central-nervous-system disorder

This condition

known

as tardive dyskinesia.

characterized by disturbed muscle movements,

is

notably those of the face, and by tremor and rigidity feet;

memory and

The dyskinetic

in the

hands and

the ability to concentrate are often drastically impaired.

finds himself involuntarily grimacing, chewing, sticking

out his tongue and blinking; he the emotions that

may

also laugh or cry without feeling

would occasion these

actions.

Most of these

patients

live in a state

of constant misery, isolated socially by their uncontrol-

lable behavior

and unable

to

perform any but the simplest

tasks.

Past surveys' of chronically institutionalized population have re-

ported the prevalence of tardive dyskinesia to range from

1

to

55

percent, with the most recent studies citing the highest percentages.

These studies appeared

to

conclude that patients with high-risk levels of

developing tardive dyskinesia (1) were females, (2) had been using neuroleptic medication for more than two years, and (3) were older than

Moreover, before a study done

fifty-five.

in

1977,

it

was commonly problem

held that tardive dyskinesia was not a seriously prevalent

among

psychiatric outpatients being treated with neuroleptics, but rather

was mainly a problem of chronically institutionalized patients. In 1977, was changed. A group of physicians discovered to their dismay that 43.4 percent of a sample outpatient group had tardive this thinking

group has been described as being "at nominal risk" of developing this dreadful disorder. What was even dyskinesia.

Previously,

more disturbing about

this

the results of this study

was

that the "dyskinetic

group was relatively young (average age of 45.5 years), had a short duration of neuroleptic medication (less than two years), and were not chronically hospitalized."

2

The study

also reported that "there

was no

between the presence of dyskinesia and age, sex, years of neuroleptic use, history of electric shock treatment, amphetasignificant relationship

mine or alcohol abuse, or of neurological disorders in the patients or 3 their families." The researchers concluded that outpatients, as well as institutionalized patients, receiving neuroleptics were being given a form of treatment

that substantially raised the patient's risk of develop-

ing tardive dyskinesia.

Due

the

to

dyskinesia,

the

recommended

seriousness

and widespread occurrence of tardive as far back as 1973

Food and Drug Administration that

physicians

minimize the use of neuroleptics

in

128

BRAIN ALLERGIES

chronically 4

fifty.

The

ill

patients and especially in those patients over the age of

FDA

for long periods

also suggested that

many

patients could be maintained

of time without antipsychotic drugs.

bulletin further advised that neuroleptics

The agency's

should be immediately dis-

continued whenever any signs, symptoms or manifestations of tardive dyskinesia appeared;

may

it

has been documented that these

symptoms

initial

be irreversible.

The one

tragic aspect of tardive dyskinesia

is

that

it

often not

is

responsive to treatment with the usual drug arsenal of anticholinergic or

'The occurrence of immediate extrapyramidal symptoms due to treatment with neuroleptics/ writes Richard Kunin, M.D., "is so commonplace that it has become routine to prescribe antiparkinson agents.

'

anticholinergic-type antiparkinson agents along with the antipsychotic

drugs. Antiparkinson drugs, such as benytropine mesylate (Cogentin),

trihexyphenidyl (Artane), or procyclidine (Kemadrin) usually attenuate the

immediate extrapyramidal symptoms, but they definitely increase

the risk of tardive dyskinesia (Kiloh et al.,

addition, they

sometimes

1973; Crane,

1968).

by ag-

interfere with treatment of psychosis

gravating hostility reactions (Singh and Smith, 1973), and in

In

some cases

they cause a toxic, confusional state (Ananth and Sain, 1973).

"3

The physician faced with the problem of treating tardive dyskinesia by conventional methods has few choices, none of them appealing. He

may

decrease the dosage of the neuroleptic drug, aware that the condi-

been induced by the drug; but the damage has already been increase the dosage in order to suppress the symptoms,

tion has

done.

He may

but any good effect will be only temporary; and the same, as Dr. Kunin indicates,

is

true of the use of anticholinergic antiparkinson agents.

Far too often, the grotesque movements symptomatic of the disorder are interpreted

by medical and nursing personnel as manifestations of mad-

ness or hysteria, to be attacked by the use of drugs to "suppress the nervous-

ness" or psychotherapy patient

is

initial

better

examples of what

resulted

at the

underlying conflicts." Thus the

have seen in

— which

actually

is

a result

decision to employ Toximolecular medicine. There are few

of the

We

"get

to

seen as the source of the problem

startling

is

called iatrogenic (physician-induced) illness.

that the

Orthomolecular approach

benefits

treatment by other means.

in

to treatment

has

cases of disease which have defied

Research has now begun

to

show

the

possibility of similar results with tardive dyskinesia, with evidence of

the

destructive effects of neuroleptic drugs on

mineral and vitamin

THE PERILS OF TOXIMOLECULAR MEDICINE: DRUG-INDUCED ILLNESSES

body and

levels in the

129

the consequently indicated course of attacking the

disease by rectifying these nutrient levels.

Dr. Kunin

was one of

the first researchers to discover the relation-

ship between these drugs and depleted nutrient levels. Let us examine

some of

the personal case histories

form of treatment

effective

With

I

recalled that phenothiazines are potent chelators of

manganese (Brog and Cotzias, 1972). high concentration

in the

I

also recalled that

extrapyramidal system.

I

enzyme

manganese

is

found

it

electrochemically,

might make manganese unavailable for some presumed function

that this

as an

manganese

reasoned that

phenothiazines might chelate manganese, thus binding

and

insights into an

the earlier of these cases, having tried antiparkinson agents and

rauwolfia to no avail,

in

which gave him new

for tardive dyskinesia:

activator.

It

the deficiency

seemed plausible that by providing extra dietary would be corrected and the dyskinesia might

thereby improve. I

did not have long to wait before a young

me

consulted

man

This had been administered over two months earlier

orally for

masklike

at a

1

]

university psychiatric

two doses of 100 mg, intramuscularly, a week apart, plus 30 four days and 45 mg for four more days. He still exhibited

service in

and

[case five in table

because of dyskinesia due to fluphenazine enanthate (Prolixin).

facial expression, Parkinson's posture

rigidity of the extremities.

and

gait,

mg

and severe tremor

These symptoms had persisted

in spite

of

previous treatment with diphenhydramine (Benedryl), diazepam (Valium), and

nicotinamide (1000 mg,

two days he was entirely Another young man (Prolixin),

t.i.d.).

Manganese

one day the tremor and

started. After

mg

30

t.i.d. In

each

1]

per day, orally for ten months

second schizophrenic episode. During

illness

earlier,

mg,

t.i.d.,

was now

were much improved. After

There was no recurrence.

free of dyskinesia.

[case seven in table

months' duration, four years

mg,

chelate, 10

rigidity

was

treated with fluphenazine

in a state hospital for his

his previous hospitalization of six

he was treated with chlorpromazine, 150

he had taken

LSD

beforehand.

He had

terminated

fluphenazine and trihexyphenidyl (Artane) nine weeks earlier, but

still

had

parkinsonian posture, masklike face, and moderate tremor of the thumb and

low dose of manganese chelate, 6.4 mg per day, in a in two weeks. However, when dose was increased by the addition of manganese chelate, 5 mg, t.i.d., providing a total of 21 .4 mg of manganese per day, he showed overnight forefinger.

On

a

multivitamin, he showed no improvement

improvement

in

posture and gait and more gradual improvement

expression. Mental dullness and

flat affect

treated with nicotinic acid (vitamin B-3),

the

in facial

did not improve until he was

250 mg,

t.i.d., three

months

later.

5

130

BRAIN ALLERGIES

Table summarizes Kunin's observations of fifteen cases of manganese therapy for tardive dyskinesia. The tabulation shows that in 1

manganese, seven (46

fifteen cases of tardive dyskinesia treated with

percent)

were cured outright (cases

(20 percent) cases were

4.

much improved

5.

7.

8.

(cases

11.

9. 1.

6.

13).

Three

Four (27

12).

percent) were improved (cases 2. 3. 14. 15). and only one (7.7 percent)

was unimproved

after treatment with

according to Kunin. not included

manganese (case

in the

10).

Moreover,

tabulation were his observations

which indicated that those cases which showed prompt response to manganese also showed complete response: that is. there were four cases (cases 5. 8.

13) of literally overnight,

11.

complete cures. In

nine other cases a definite improvement was noticed in two to days. Also of interest in patients

Case

age

fifty or

is

the fact that

of the dramatic results were

under.

ten did not respond to

cally get better

all

five

manganese therapy but did dramati-

upon introducing vitamin B-3. Dr. Kunin describes

this

case in more detail:

The

patient

was an eighteen-year-old schizophrenic college student whose

dyskinesia appeared while he was under treatment for six months with fluphenazine. mesoridazine and thiothixene. The dyskinesia erupted

full

Manganese Then, after ten weeks

force with severe tremor of the extremities and severe rigidity.

was of no

benefit at a dose of up to 80

mg

per da)

.

without improvement, there was complete and sustained relief within three hours of a single, oral dose of niacin (vitamin B-3),

The

500 mg.

niacin flush reaction frightened the patient so that he delayed

three days before taking a second dose. During this time the dyskinesia partially recurred.

The second dose of

niacin produced a complete cure."

Dr. Kunin reports that vitamin B-3 at dosages of 100 to 500 mg was of significant benefit in treating the dyskinesia in three of the fifteen listed cases (cases 1. 10. 13). In another case (case 7). niacin "improved mental acuity,' but it was not given until after the manganese 1

treatment for the tardive dyskinesia had already been successful. In order to give

credence

to the idea that

phenothiazines chelate and

remove manganese from the body by sequestering the ion in an electrochemical bond. Kunin ran spectrographic mineral hair analyses on a number of dyskinesia patients as well as nondyskinesia patients. He thus

discovered that the nondyskinesia patients had an average of 0.8 parts per million of manganese in their hair. The dyskinesia group had only

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