Beware Satan! Strategies of Defense 9781597841313, 2008013783

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BEWARE! SATAN Strategies of Defense

Mehmet Yavuz §eker

New Jersey

Copyright © 2008 by Tughra Books 11 10 09 08 1 234

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from the Publisher.

Published by Tughra Books 26 Worlds Fair Dr. Unit C Somerset, New Jersey, 08873, USA www.tughrabooks.com

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Seker, Mehmet. Beware! Satan : strategies of defense / Mehmet Yavuz Seker. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-59784-131-3 (pbk.) 1. Devil—Islam. 2. Devil—Islam—Koranic teaching. I. Title. BP166.89.S45 2008 297.2’16--dc22

2008013783

Printed by Qaglayan A.$., Izmir • Turkey Sarni5 Yolu Uzeri No:7 Tel: (+90 232) 252 22 85 June 2008

CONTENTS Introduction 1: The Creation and Essence of Satan. Definition of the words Shaitan and Iblis The Essence of Satan................................ The Creation of Satan...............................

3 4 10

2: Satan as Mentioned in the Qur'an and Hadith.

19

Satan described in the QurVi......:............................... . Satan described in the Hadith...................................... .

21 33

3: Satan’s Attributes, Methods and Infestation of the Heart Attributes of Satan............................................................................. Methods of approach......................................................................... Infestation of the heart......................................................................

49 51 78 83

Prayers (Salat)................................... Fasting (Samn).................................. Pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj).............. Prescribed Purifying Alms {Zakat)..

89 93 102 105 106

5: Means of Protection......................

109

4: Satan’s Exploitation of Worship

Spiritual armor Seeking refuge in God Eating less .................. Conclusion... Notes........... Bibliography Index............

111 121 127 130 133 143 147

INTRODUCTION

H

beings have been created with distinction, blessed with physical and spiritual qualities and raised to the level of the noblest beings among all creation. Being the noblest aJso brings responsibilities; they are given a route to follow in which obedience is essential. Humans can only find true happiness in submission to God by being on His holy path. Deviation from the path results in such disorder and dismay that true happiness and peace cannot be reached. Satan is the greatest obstacle on the path to success. He is a being in constant rebellion and thrives on egoism; so, he will use any means possible to drag humankind into his deviant path. The reason for this is that he cannot stand watching people succeed， where he himself has failed, or be a bystander as people walk toward happiness in both this world and the other world by believ­ ing and obeying the commandments of their Lord. Satan failed to understand the delicate situation of obedience and, as a result of the difficult test to which he was subjected, he turned away from the path and rebelled against the Almighty. However, this was not the end of it; he continued to defend his actions by producing excuses, which consequently determined his fate. He was cursed, expelled from Paradise and lost all he had. Although Adam was a mere tool in his test, Satan did not realize this and blamed Adam for his own faults and swore revenge against Adam and his progeny. This was the point where Satan closed all gates leading to good and, by using ail his faculties for the purpose of evil, began an assault on humankind.

viii

Beware! Satan―Strategies of Defense

The great scholars of old gave the title masawi nl-akhlaq to Satan, which meant “the source of all evil-manners. ”1 Haying such a nemesis, human beings should be prepared for Satan's devious campaign by planning a strategy of defense and making lifelong plans in accordance with the purpose of their cre­ ation. If the strategy works and the instigation of Satan can be • avoided, the mission is accomplished. However, if we fail and fall into Satan’s trap, we will feel regret and a sense of despair in our hearts. This will eventually cause an inner deformation due to recurring contradictions with our nature. This internal unease may cause us to turn to our Lord in repentance and once again regain our composure. This repentance causes Satan’s all efforts to misguide man away from his Lord to be wasted. Let us not forget that in order to attain the pleasure of God one must reject both the invitation of one’s nafi (carnal self or worldly desires) and of Satan. In the first chapter of this book, we examine the identity of Satan, the purpose and time of his creation and his interaction with Adam. In the second chapter, we scrutinize Satan’s essence by examining the Holy Qur’an and the hadith. In chapter 3, we examine Satan’s attributes and expose his methods. In chapter 4,. we identify how Satan attempts to exploit our worship of God. Finally, in the last chapter, we seek ways in which to shield our­ selves from the whispers of Satan by studying the ways of equip­ ping ourselves with spiritual protection. Also, we emphasize the importance of taking refuge in God from the evil instigation of Satan. In this work only authenticated hadith have been used as a resource. We have chosen to avoid going into the detailed analysis of the hadith recounted in this work in order to emphasize the importance of the issue. Satan is clearly a tool of trial, appointed by God as an enemy which beleaguers man. Life in one aspect is a struggle between

Introduction

ix

man and Satan. In order to succeed in life, knowing your enemy If and developing strategies is one of the most important this unpretentious book about Satan, who has dedicated his exis­ tence to destruction, supplies some useful information, then we will consider our efforts not to have been wasted. Effort and hard work are the duty of humans, whereas the results and the blessings of success belong to God. Mchmct Xavuz ^eker

The Creation and Essence of Satan

. -.

Definition

of the words

Shaitan

and Iblis

Shaitan

T

he word shaitan (in English, csatan’) is derived from an Arabic root and can be analyzed in various ways when the triconsonantal root is divided into its component parts. Focusing on the letter n in die final position, some linguists are inclined to derive the word from die verbal root sh-t-n、meaning, cone who has gone astray or is distant.5 Accordingly, shaitan (Satan) is one who has actually distanced himself from the Lord and His mercy. The term shayatin (plural for shaitan) supports this argu­ ment, as the plural form of the word also carries a very significant aspect of the meaning. According to another view, the letter n in the final position is a non-root consonant and the actual root consisted of sh-w-t. In this case, the word shaitan means cone burnt or doomed to perish.5 Those who take the latter as the root base their claim on die fact that Satan was created from pure fire. They also support their argu­ ment by pointing out that Satan frequently utilizes the feelings of rage and wrath. As for controlling anger, the Prophet said, “Anger comes from Satan and Satan was created of fire.’，1 On another occa­ sion, the Prophet advised one of the Companions, whose face had become red with anger, to cool himself down by saying, 63 We could construe Satan’s fear of Umar literally. It is possible that Satan is afraid of Umar^s authoritative appearance, assuming that he may be harmed by Umar. Scholars such as Qadi Iyad sur­ mised that it is metaphorical. According to these scholars, Satan fears Umar because of his honesty, righteousness and his resistance to Satan. After explaining the two views, Nawawi concludes that the first view is more plausible.64 It is likely that these dictums about Umar were because of his dedication to justice and fairness, and they may also be related to his majestic appearance. Other issues The Prophet was a model of consistency and his life was a paradigm for humanity. No matter which episode of his life you scrutinize, you will observe captivating behavior or a mesmerizing statement. •

•

Another superb tiling about him was the neatness and clean­ liness of his clothing. He did not have many garments, but he used efficiently the ones he owned. Everyone admired him when he dressed up. He always combed his hair, 65 He frequently cleaned his teeth66 and also encouraged others to do so.67 He was very fond of scents.68 As he acted in this manner, he also advised others to be like that. One day, a man with a messy beard and hair came to a meeting. The Messenger made a gesture indicating that he should tidy up before walking in. The man tidied up and then walked in. God’s Messenger then said, “Isn’t it better to be like this than to have a messy appearance like Satan? ，>69 The Messenger of God was a very contented individual; there was no place for extravagance in his life. For exam-

46

Beware! Satan—Strategies of Defense

•

•

• •

•

•

pie, he was not keen on people buying unnecessary items for their homes. He said, “In a home, one bed is for the man, and the other is for the woman. The third bed is for a guest. However, the fourth one belongs to Satan. ”70 The Messenger of God stipulated that haste was also a Satanic attribute: “Thinking，planning and being organized is from God; haste is from Satan.5571 With this statement, the Prophet encourages us to be more cautious. Some hadiths related the voice of donkeys to Satan and the voice of roosters to angels: ccWhen you hear the sound of a rooster in the middle of the night, ask for the blessing of God because the animal has seen an angel. Seek refuge in God upon hearing the voice of a donkey because (at that instant) the animal is seeing Satan. ”72 In one hadith transmitted by Abu Hurayra, the Prophet stated, “Bells are the instruments of Satan. ”73 The Messenger of God also mentioned Satan in relation to lamentation. Ummu Salama explains, “When my husband died, I decided to wail in a spectacular fashion for my spouse who had died in exile. A woman was going to join me in my lamentation. However, I stopped crying when the Messenger of God said, cAre you going to invite Satan back into your house, when God has expelled him? ”，74 Hadith also suggest that it is inappropriate for men and women who are not family members or not married to each other to be alone with each other. “A male should not be alone with a female stranger (who is lawful for him in marriage); in such a situation the third person would be Satan.”75 The two sexes have been tested with each other since the beginning of history. Today this has become more apparent. The noble Messenger associated camels with Satan: “Do not perform your prayers in camel barns because camels

Satan as Mentioned in the Qur 'an and Haciith

•

47

are from Satan.”76 This phrase also indicates that by nature camels can harm humans. Also, it is said: “Black dogs are from Satan.”77 Black dogs seem to be more ferocious and vicious than others.

In conclusion, we can say that GocPs Messenger associates many things with Satan. When he talks about Satan, is he referring to Iblis, the evil one that reftised to bow down before Adam and was expelled from Paradise? Or is he speaking about Satan’s human and jinn aids on eartli? Could it be that he is correlating all evil and ugly acts to Satan? All of these hadiths relating to Satan have been examined by scholars who have proposed various interpretations. No matter what the explanation is, one should be aware of Satan or Iblis. He is an evil to fear, so the noble Messenger cautions us through the hadith. What is expected of iis is to be carefbl, so that we do not fall into Satan’s evil web of deception.

3

Satan’s Attributes，Methods and Infestation of the Heart

u

Attributes

of

Satan

sing his own free will, Satan eliminated all potential good which originally existed in his soul and developed only his abilities for evil. Since he filled his soul with rebellion, there was no room left for faith. Just as a man in a rage is full of hatred, the life of Satan is filled with evil. In fact, he has • become one with evil and has the potential to commit ail types of malevolence. The significant attributes and functions of Satan are: Antagonism Satan’s enmity toward human beings is obvious. He has declared war on Adam and his descendants who caused his hidden feelings of rebellion and revolt to surface. In total disrespect he said to God: ‘“Shall I prostrate myself before one whom Ton created of clayV He said, cDo You see this that You have honored above me? Indeed, if Tou grant me respite till the Day of Resurrection, I will certainly brin^f his descendants under my s\vayy all but a few!’” (Isra 17:61-62) Almighty God informed us of Satan’s hostility and instructed us also to regard him as our enemy: “Surely Satan is an enemy to you， so treat him as an enemy (do mt follow him, and be alert against him). He calls his party (offollowers) but that they may become companions of the Blazen (Fatr 35:6). It is imperative that we acknowledge his hos­ tility so that we may prepare ourselves. Whether he is recognized as an archenemy or not, those who follow his path will be led to a blazing inferno, since he will never rest until he witnesses the demise of humanity. His first action was to sway Adam and his wife from the straight path:

52

Beware! Satan—Strategies of Defense Then Satan made an evil suggestion to both of them that he might reveal to them their private parts that had remained hid­ den from them (and waken their carnal impulses), and he said, \ 26. Muslim, Dbikry 41; Abu Dawud, Witr^ 26. Yazir, ibid.，IX，6404. Bukhari, Bad nl-KJmlq^ 8; Tmvbid, 35; Muslim, Iman^ 213; Jatnm, 2-5. Ghazali, Iljyn^ m, 43. Bukhari, Ivinn^ 39; Muslim, Musnkat^ 107. Tirmidhi, Qndar^ 7; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Musmui'YV、302. GiiJen, Knlbin Ziimriit Tcpcloi^ I, 48. Yazir, ibid., I, 210. Qutb, Fi Zilnl al-Qin^an. Ibn Kathir, Tafiir li3l Qur’an al-Azhn^ I, 467. Raghib，Mujhuiat、entry for c?n-r-d.y Tirmidhi，Kitnb nl-Tafiir al-Qti^an^ 2.

4 Satan’s Exploitation of Worship 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10

11 12 13 14 15 16

Ibn Hanbal, Musnad^ II, 380. Bukhari, Kitnb at-Tafiir^ 43. Bukhari, Imem, 37; Muslim, Iman, 57. Muslim, I”mn、133. Ibn Hanbal, Mttsnad^ V, 136. Muttaqi, Kanz al-Ummal^ IX, 26260. Ibn Hanbal, Musnad, U, 330. Bukhari, Haydy 98-99; Wudu, 4-34; Buyu^ 5; Abu Dawud, Tabara^ 67; Nasai, Tnimra^ 114. Bukhari, Bad nl-KJmlq^ 11. Ibn Hanbal, Musttad^ III, 154. Abu Dawud, Salat, 2. Bukhari, Bad al-KJmlq^ 11. Ayni, ibid., V, 51. Muslim, Salat、38-40; Abu Dawud, Salat、132. Bukhari, Salat, 75; Muslim, Masajid^ 39. Ibn Hanbal, Musfiad, III, 471.

Notes 17

18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46

Ibn HanbaJ, Mttsnftd, U、161-205; Abu Davvud, Adab^ 109; Bukhari, AAhan ^ 155; Muslim, £>/;/){rr, 81. Bukhari, Bad al-Kfmlqy 11. Kari, Mirqat^ III, 295. Miras, Tecrid-i Sarih Tcrciimc ve ^crbi, IV, 159. Al-Farisi,v4/-//;jflw, VI, 2588. Bukhari, Bad nl-Khalq^ 11; Tabnjjnd^ 13; Muslim, Mnsnfirin^ 205. Tahawi, Sbnrb al-Musbkil al-Asar, X, 144. Nawawi, ibid., VI, 310; Kamil Miras, Tecrid-i Sarih Tercuwe ve fcrhi^ VIII, 111. Muslim, Masajid, 310; Nasai，iH/n刚55. Bukhari, Salat, 16; Libasy 12; Muslim, Libasy 23; Ibn Maja,jg^rt> 19. Zihni Efcndi, Nimet-i Islam. Zuhayli, Al-Ftqh al-Dlamt, I, 752. Bukhari, Salaty 39; Muslim, Snlnt、258-260. Abu Dawud, Salat, 107; Nasai, Qibla, 5. Nawawi, ibid., IV, 471. Ate§，ibid., 198. Abu Dawiid, Salaty 190; Ibn Maja, Iqattta, 132. Bukhari, San>m, 2; Tmvbid, 3S; Libas, 78; Muslim, Siynm, 41; Ibn Maja, Adab^ 58. Bukhari, Samn, 2; Tawbid, 35; Muslim, Siyam^162-163. Bukhari, Snivm, 5; Muslim, Siyam, 1; Tirmidhi, Saivm, 1. Navvawi, ibid., VII，194. Ayni, ibid., IX, 22. Ibn Hajar, ibid.，IV，137; Davudoglu, ibid.，VI，13. Zuhayli, ibid., Ill, 8. Zihni Efendi, Nimeti islam、627. Tabari, Tarib al-Umam^ I, 260. Zuhayli, ibid., II，730. Zuhayli, ibid., II, 732. Yazir, ibid.，II，913. Bukhari, Zakat^ 11; Muslim，Zakat、92-93.

5 Means of Protection 1 2

141

Giilcn, Vnrhpn Metnfizik Boyntti. Yazir, ibid.，I，196-197.

144

Beware! Satan—Strategies of Defense

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INDEX A

Divine Names (BcautifuJ Names of God), Al-MudbiU (The AJi-Abasing)，5; Ar-Rniminn (The AUMercifliJ), 24, 29, 65, 76, 123, 125; Al-Wnhbab (The AU-Bestowing), 26 dreams, types of, 42; authentic (good) dream, 42; suggestion of one’s own mind, 42; satanic dream, 42; bulm, 41, 42

Abraham, forefather of prophets, 24 Adam, vii, viii, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 24, 30, 31, 47, 51, 52, 54, 56, 57, 60, 64, 65, 83, 93, 130; fatlier of hu­ manity, 12; created of clay, 6, 8, 51; Snfiyu’llab (‘the Chosen of God，)，17 a’la-yi illiyin, 116 anger, 3, 7, 35, 36, 37, 73 archenemy, 12, 51，126, 130 egotism, 15 arrogance, 6, 9, 12, 14, 56, 84, 103, envy, 82 122, 124 extravagance, 45 Azazil, 4

C

E

F

false promises and pledges, 21, 53, 54, 68,70 fame, 80 food consuni prion, 40; eat nor using your left hand, 40; leave no food on your plate, 41; recite basmaD la, 40, 43 deception, 21，32, 34, 42, 47, 52, 65， forbiden tree, 16,17, 18, 52, 54, 123 71，72,73,77,80,82, 83,92,94，fortune-telling, 28 95, 98,103,117,118,125, 127; G deception through whispers, 34 games of chance, 22, 29, 32 dcviJ, 27, 29, 41, 67, 76, 92 companions of Satan, 32; Satan’s par­ ty, 32, 76 compulsive liar, 130 controlled diet, 127, 128,129

148

Beware! Satan―Strategies ofDefense

H Hajj, 11,68, 69, 81, 105 haste, 46 haughtiness, 15, 103 hearts rejection of Satanic whispers, 59 horns of Satan, 38, 39 human satan, 9, 25; Abu Jahl一satan of Prophet Muhammad, 9, 13, 136; Pharaoh―satan of Prophet Moses, 9 hypocrisy, 9, 54, 71, 80, 81, 85, 114, 127

I Iblis，3, 4, 5, 8, 29, 33, 47, 52, 65, 72, 112, 139, 147; father of de­ baters, 8 ihsnn,9Z instigation, viii, 9, 10, 73 intoxicants, 22, 29, 32 istindha、122, 135; A^udbu bi}llab^ 37, 122

jnmra、106 jealousy, 82, 83 jinn, 5, 9, 11, 25, 26, 27, 29, 47, 54, 62, 112, 121，125, 131; created from an intense blaze of fire (yiar al~samwn)y 11 jinn satan, 9

K kbamiassi 56 kJjmvf 115

la’nat、6Q lust, 78, 80, 128, 129

M niamsns (touched), 77 manifest enemy, 21, 22, 23, 24, 52, 53, 73, 83 mizan (grand scales of justice), 97 Mu^mvidhnt^ 125; Mu(amvidbntayn, 125

N najwa (talks, in secret, whispers and rumors), 31，136 tiisyan^ 74

o obedience, 65 obstinacy, 64

P Prophet Job, 24, 77 Prophet Solomon, 25, 26 prostration, 14, 15, 94

R rajim (rejected)，62, 63 rebellion, vii，4, 6, 9, 12, 15, 25, 27, 51，60, 61，64, 65、66, 67, 85, 107, 129, 130 recitation ofAyat al-Kimiyy^ 57 repentance, viii, 9,16,17,61,69,117 revenge, 16 revolt, i 7, 51，65

L lain (cursed), 60, 62

S sa刀ba’ir，116

Index snjda al-sabw (prostrations of forgetfulness), 95,102 salat, 93, 137, 138, 141, 143 Satan, created from an intense blaze of fire {nar al-samutn), 11; dwell­ ing in the bloodstream, 34; trav­ elling through the bloodstreams, 34; Satan^ knots, 98; trickery of Satan, 22; Satan's zone of de­ spondency, 23 Satanic beings, 9; satans of humankind and the jinn, 9; Satan’s aids from among jinn and humans, 9 satans in chains, 104 smrni, 102, 141，143 scandal, 80 seeking refuge in God, 59,69,121,126 sbaitan, 3 sbayatin ('satans' in the plural), 3, 10 shooting star, 27 siblings of Satan, 32 sorcery, 25, 26; black magic, 25, 26, 98; witchcraft, 98; diviner, 25, 28; magician, 25, 26; soothsayer, 28 stubbornness, 4, 9, 64, 65, 102 sutra, 101

T tactics of provocation, 21 toffbut^ 24

149

talbis, 72 taqwa, 36, 115, 116, 117 taswil^ 70, 71, 72 tazyin^ 70, 71, 72 tools of deception, 32, 80 traveling alone, 43 treachery, 9, 54

V vengeance, 7, 8, 53, 130

w wa}d, 67 wnswnsa (Satan’s whisper), 55; waswass (whisperer, the), 55 worship, viii, 15, 29, 33, 39, 55, 64, 65, 67, 72, 73, 79，. 80, 81，84, 86, 91，92, 93, 96, 98, 99, 101， 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 111, 112, 113, 121，128 worshipping Satan, 24 wrath, 35

Y yaqin^ 81, 118 yawning, 35

z zakat, 106, 107, 108