Berber Government: The Kabyle Polity in Pre-colonial Algeria 9780755609307, 9780857724205

Table of contents :
Cover
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
Preface
A Note on Transliteration
List of Illustrations
List of Maps
List of Tables
1 Considering Kabylia
Greater Kabylia
The Kabyles and the other Algerian Berbers
Pre-colonial kabylia and the academy: I The unresolved controversy and its revival
Pre-colonial Kabylia and the academy: II. Towards a clarification of the debate
The two perspectives
2 Economy and Forms of Settlement
Leqbayel and Igawawen
The economy of Kabylia
The ‘arsh in Kabylia
Thaddarth and tūfīq
The Igawawen thaddarth
3 Kabyle Law
The qawānīn
Qānūn, ‘urf and Sharī‘a
The code of honour and the code of law
Antagonism in society
4 The Kabyle Polity
The thijemmua‘a of Kabylia
The temman
The sfūf
The sfūf and the ‘arsh
The saff systems
The vindication of Masqueray
5 Pre-colonial Kabylia and the Regency: Religion and Political Development, 1509–1639
Introduction
Ibn Khaldun and the Kabyles
The Ottoman revolution
The Ottoman Regency and the nature of Kabyle opposition
The second coming of maraboutism in Kabylia
6 Rise and Fall of the Lords of Koukou
The ‘kingdom’ of Koukou: the enigma
The Ath l-Qadi and the foundation of Koukou
Vassals and the temptation of disloyalty
Ottoman policy between the Kabyles and the Ojaq
Ottoman policy and the end of Koukou
Koukou defined
7 The Reconstitution of Greater Kabylia after 1640
The origins of an originality
The Igawawen and the exheredation of the Kabyle woman
The imrabdhen and the reordering of Kabylia
The Iboukhtouchen succesion and the Ottoman penetration of Kabylia
The Ottoman dispensation and the supersession of the Iboukhtouchen
The assemblies of the Igawawen and their purposes
8 Transcending Kabylia: The Constitutional Tradition and the Exceptional Tradition
Appendix
Glossary
Bibliography

Citation preview

h u g h r ob e rt s

hugh roberts

berber government

Hugh Roberts is the Edward Keller Professor of North African and Middle Eastern History at Tufts University. He previously held the position of Director of the International Crisis Group’s North Africa Project and is the author of The Battlefield: Algeria 1988-2002.

Jacket design: B R I L L Jacket image: A plenary meeting of the jema‘a, attended by all adult males and some boys.

www.ibtauris.com

berber government The Kabyle Polity in Pre-colonial Algeria

The Berber identity movement in North Africa was pioneered by the Kabyles of Algeria. But a preoccupation with identity and language has obscured the fact that Kabyle dissidence has been rooted in democratic aspirations inspired by the political traditions of Kabylia itself, a Berber-speaking region in the north of Algeria. The political organisation of pre-colonial Kabylia, from which these traditions originate, was well described by nineteenth-century French ethnographers. But their inability to explain it led to a trend amongst later theorists of Berber society, such as Ernest Gellner and Pierre Bourdieu, to dismiss Kabylia’s political institutions, notably the jema‘a (assembly or council), and to reduce Berber politics to a function of social structure and shared religion. In Berber Government, Hugh Roberts, a renowned expert on North Africa, uncovers and explores the remarkable logics of Kabyle political organisation. Combining political anthropology and political and social history in an interdisciplinary analysis, Roberts challenges the excessive emphasis on kinship and religion in the study of the Maghrib. He instead explores the political structures and processes of the Kabyles, examining the organisation of the Kabyle polity and its intricate frameworks of law, political representation and self-government. Additionally, in a pioneering account of Kabylia’s relations with the Ottoman Regency, he provides the first in-depth historical explanation of the genesis of the Kabyle polity as this existed at the moment of the French conquest of the region in 1857. In thus grounding the explanation of Kabyle political organisation in a resolutely historical analysis spanning the Ottoman era, Berber Government offers a radical alternative to previous paradigms and lays the foundation of a new way of understanding the complex place and role of the Kabyles in Algerian political life from the pre-colonial era to the present day.

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