Basic Land Navigation - PMS475 - May 2016
Basic Land Navigation. National Wildfire Coordinating Group. May 2016. PMS 475. NFES 002865.
166 39 28MB
English Pages 172 Year 2016
Table of contents :
PREFACE
INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1 – Overview of Maps
Key Points When Working With Maps
Datum
Geographic North
Maps Are Not Perfect
Maps Can Be Outdated
General Types of Maps
Planimetric Maps
Topographic Maps
Orthophoto Maps
Incident Specific Maps
Situation Unit Map
Incident Action Plan (IAP) Map
Operational Briefing Map
Progression Map
Facilities Map
Transportation Map
Infrared Map
Structure Protection Map
Air Operations Map
Public Information Map
Fire History Map
Ownership Map
Rehabilitation Map
Fuels/Vegetation Map
Map Legend and Symbols
Symbol Colors
Types of Symbols
Map Sources
Federal Agencies – Local, Regional, and National Offices
Local/State Agency Offices
Local Business Offices
Internet
Mapping Software
Checking Your Understanding
Chapter 2 – Reading Topographic Maps and Making Calculations
Reading the Margins
Agency or Author Who Created Map (upper left corner of map)
Map Title (upper right corner of map)
Road Classification (bottom right corner of map)
Revision Date (bottom right corner of map)
Quadrangle Location (bottom right corner of map)
Adjoining Quadrangle Legend (corners of map)
Map Scale (bottom center of map)
Contour Interval (bottom center of the map)
North Arrow, Declination, and Map Production Information (bottom left corner of map)
Datum and UTM Zone
Latitude and Longitude (edges of map)
Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) (edges of map)
Section, Township, and Range (edges of map)
Interpreting Contour Lines
Contour Characteristics
Contour Interval
Estimating Slope
Estimating Aspect
Estimating Acreage
Area Formula
Dot Grid
Planimeter
Comparison
Global Positioning System (GPS) Receiver
Estimating Distances
Estimating Percent Contained
Checking Your Understanding
Chapter 3 – Geographic Location Systems
Latitude/Longitude
Latitude
Longitude
Latitude and Longitude Coordinates
Counting and Converting Minutes and Seconds
Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)
UTM Grid Zones
UTM Coordinates
U.S. Public Land Survey
Townships
Ranges
Sections
Other Geographic Location Systems
Military Grid Reference System (MGRS)
Spanish Land Grants
Metes and Bounds
State Land Coordinate Systems
Checking Your Understanding
Chapter 4 – Using a Compass and Clinometer
Parts of a Compass
Tips on Getting Accurate Compass Readings
Adjusting a Compass for Magnetic Declination
Magnetic Declination on Topographic Maps
Adjusting a Compass
Orienting a Compass
Orient to Magnetic North
Orient to Geographic North
Taking Bearings (Direct and Back)
Taking a Direct Bearing
Taking a Back Bearing
Following Bearings
Estimating Slope with a Clinometer
Checking Your Understanding
Chapter 5 – Global Positioning System
How the Global Positioning System Works
Three Segments of GPS
How GPS Determines a Position
Sources of Errors
Using a GPS Receiver
Inputs
Waypoints
How Waypoints are Determined
Naming Waypoints
Routes
Terminology
Checking Your Understanding
Chapter 6 – Navigation and Field Mapping
Orienting Maps
Orienting a Map with Topographical Features
Orienting a Map with a Compass
Measuring a Bearing on a Map
Using a Protractor to Measure a Bearing on a Map
Using a Compass to Measure a Bearing on a Map
Plotting Points on a Map using Latitude/Longitude
Rulers
Plotting Latitude and Longitude
Plotting Points on a Map using UTM
Estimating Your Own Position Location
Estimating Unknown Position Locations
Estimating Distance on the Ground
Pacing
Other Methods to Estimate Distance
Field Mapping
Follow Standards
Locate Your Start Point
Draw Features and Plot Points on Map
Use a Global Positioning System Receiver for Mapping
Taking Notes
Checking Your Understanding
APPENDIX A – GLOSSARY
APPENDIX B – CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING ANSWERS TO EXERCISES
APPENDIX C – TOOLS AND RESOURCES
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