Avesta reader: Texts, notes, glossary and index [Reprint 2019 ed.] 9783111639697, 9783111257068

Table of contents :
Preface
Contents
Abbreviations
Texts
Notes on the text
Glossary
Index
Additions and Corrections

Citation preview

AVESTA READER TEXTS, NOTES, GLOSSARY AND INDEX

BY

HANS REICHELT

STRASSBURG VERLAG VON KARL J. TRÜBNER 1911

DEDICATED TO

THE TRUSTEES OF THE FUNDS AND PROPERTIES OF THE PARSEE PUNCHAYET

Preface. The Avesta-Reader comprises those of the Avesta-texts that are of most importance to philologists and historians. The t e x t s are arranged in groups, according to their subjects; inside the gronps the easier texts come first. With the exception of the Hadoxt-Nask and the Nirangastdn they follow Geldner's edition. Variations from Geldner's edition are in all cases founded on the best MSS.: they are indicated by the s y m b o l c o r r u p t words or passages by the symbol The notes are designed to introduce the reader to the Avesta in such a manner that he may learn to translate and understand the texts correctly. Accordingly they do not merely call attention to all pecularities of language and especially of syntax, but also go into all questions of the history of civilisation and religion that are of importance for the proper understanding of the texts. In order to save space reference is frequently made to my Avesta primer (Awestisches Elementarbuch) which gives fuller information in the paragraph (§) indicated. The glossary is kept within very narrow limits and supplies only those Indian words which certainly correspond to the words in the Avesta, the aim being to render easier the determination of the form (and meaning) of the latter. The index is meant to assist the student in employing the material worked into the notes where this deals with the history of religion and civilisation; accordingly it also supplies brief definitions and summaries arranged under suitable key-words. The aims and methods adopted in composing the Avesta-Reader are as follows: 1. The texts are given throughout in the form of the earliest MSS. obtainable. (Hence the texts are given with all the pecularities and mistakes of spelling, accidence and syntax that occur in the oldest MSS. Only the text of the Nirangastdn, the most corrupt of all, has been emended in places.) 2. These pecu-

Vili larities and mistakes hare been determined in accordance with the grammatical principles derived from the two dialects of the Avesta itself, with the additional aid of those which are based upon the Indian and the other indogermanic langnages. 3. The age of the individual texts is estimated by the language and the contents. (The determination of the age of the texts by means of the language goes hand in hand with the indication of the peculiar forms and mistakes. The contents are of importance only in those cases in which they clearly prove that the corrupt language of a text is the result of its having been incorrectly handed down.) 4. A correct translation is aimed at as the basis for the exegesis. The exegesis itself necessarily takes account in all cases of the standpoint of the priests who are to be regarded as the authors of the texts: this method is essential, since the texts are throughout of a religious character or at leaBt stand in some sort of relation to religion. The standard by which any particular standpoint of the priests is to be judged depends upon the stage reached by religion in the process of evolution from the simple Zoroastrian doctrine to the complicated formalism of its last period. 5. The new and original elements of the Zoroastrian doctrine are determined by eliminating the old elements of the Aryan religion or mythology which were preserved by Zoroaster or reincorporated after his time. 6. The attempt is made to free the elements of the Iranian king- and hero-legend from their religious dress and to reduce them as far as possible to their original form. The philological works upon which the Avesta-Reader is based are the well-known books of Bartholomae, Geiger, Geldner, Hübschmann, Jackson, Justi etc.; in matters relating to the history of religion and civilisation the authorities principally employed, apart from my own investigations, are the Pahlavi-books, Geiger's Ostiranische Kultur, Jackson's Zoroaster, Oldenberg's Religion des Veda etc. Bartholomae's Wörterbuch and his Gäthä-Ubersetzung have however been consulted at every turn; they are the best guide for the teacher uo less than for the learner. The Avesta-Reader is dedicated to the Trustees of the Funds and Properties of the Parsee Punchayet. I welcome this opportunity of rendering these generously-minded gentlemen, who hold out a helping hand to every one who devotes his working powers to the investigation of the Avesta-documents, a small portion of the thanks which I myself owe them. May they find much pleasure in this book, which presents in all its texts a true and reliable picture of the evolution

IX

of their religion and exhibits in the G&thas the greatness and sublimity of the Zoroastrian doctrine in its original power and veracity. To Professor Bartholomae I owe a special debt of gratitude for the help he has given me in correcting the proofs of the Avestan part of the book. Finally I beg the reader not to criticise my English two severely. I have only written the book in English because I was specially requested to do so by the Parsees who do not understand German. Giessen.

Hans Reichelt.

Contents. Page

Preface Abbreviations Texts Notes on the texts Glossary Index Additions and Corrections

VII-IX XII—XIII 1—90 91—209 211-281 282-301 302—304

Selection of texts. Höm Yait (Y. IX) 1—32 Ardvlsür Yait (Yt. V) 1—132 Mihr Yait (Yt X) 1 - 2 1 , 2 8 - 3 4 , 64 - 7 2 , 83 - 9 1 , 9 5 - 9 8 Fravartln Yait (Yt. XIII) 1 - 2 5 , 4 9 - 7 2 Varhrän Yait (Yt. XIV) 34—40, 4 2 - 4 6 Tiitr Yait (Yt. VIII) 1 - 6 1 Art Yait (Yt XVII) 1 - 2 2 , 5 3 - 6 1 Zam Yazat Yait (Yt. XIX) 9—64, 7 8 - 9 0 Videvdät II, 1 - 4 3 III, 12—35 V, 1 - 7 VI, 2 6 - 4 1 , 4 4 - 5 1 VIII, 1 - 5 , 8 - 1 8 XIII, 1—16 XV, 1 - 8 XVII, 1 - 1 1 XVIII, 1 3 - 2 9 , 3 0 - 5 9 , 6 0 - 6 5 XIX, 5 - 9 , 2 7 - 3 2 Visprat II, 1 - 1 1 V, 1—3 XII, 1 - 5 Nyäyiin III. 1—11 Gäh V, 1 - 7 Sih Röcak II, 1, 2, 7, 13

1-3 3—12 13-17 17—21 21-22 22-28 28—30 31-36 37—43 44-47 47-48 48-51 51-63 53-55 56 57—58 58-63 63—65 66-67 67 67-68 68-69 69-70 70-71

XI

Yasna XI, 1 - 7 LV, 1 - 6 LXII, 1 - 1 0 XXVII, 1 3 - 1 5 XIX, 1 - 2 1 XII, 1 - 7 LIV, 1 - 2 Hadöxt Nask II, 1 - 1 8 Nirangastän, 19 - 2 7 , 7 2 - 8 4 Gà9â's Y. XXIX, 1 - 1 1 Y. XXX, 1 - 1 1 Y. XXXI, 1 - 6 Y. XXXII, 3 - 1 6 Y. XLIII, 6 - 1 6 Y. XLVI, 9 - 1 3 Y. XL Vin, 5 - 7 , 10—12 Y. LI, 1 - 7 , 1 6 - 1 9 Y. LUI, 1 - 9 Yasna Haptanhätay Y. XXXVI, 1—6 Y. XL, 1 - 4

Page

71 71—72 72-73 73 73-75 75-76 76 76-78 78—80 81-82 82 83 83-84 84-86 86 86-87 87-88 88-89 89-90 90

Abbreviations. A.: ifrinakän. AB.: Aitareya Brähmana. abl.: ablative. abs., absol.: absolutivum. acc.: accusative. act.: active. adj.: adjective. adv.: adverb. aor.: aorist. Ar., ar.: Aryan. Av.: Avesta. Av.: Artäk Vxräz Nämak. (The Book of Arda Viraf.) AV.: Atharva Veda. Bartholomae ArF.: Arische Forschungen. — AirVb.: Altiranisches Verbum. — [AirJWb.: Altiran. Wörterbuch. — Stud.: Studien zur indogermanischen Sprachgeschichte. — Zum AirWb.: Zum Altiranischen Wörterbuch. Nacharbeiten u. Vorarbeiten. BB.: Bezzenberger's Beiträge. Bd.: BundahiSn. caus.: causative, compar.: comparative, cpd.: compound. D.: Darius-inscription. dat.: dative, dein.: declension. Delbrück AiS.: Altindische Syntax. Dd.: Dätastän i Denik. dem.: demonstrative, des.: desiderative. Dk.: Denkart.

du.: dual, encl.: enclitic. f., fem.: feminine, fut.: future. g.: gädic. G.: Gäh. GAv.: Gätfd-Avesta. Geiger OIK., OK.: Ostiranische Kultur. gen.: genitive. GIrPh.: Grundriss der Iranischen Philologie, gl., Gl.: gloss. H.: HaSöxt Nask. IF.: Indogermanische Forschungen. imp.: imperative. impf.: imperfect. ind.: indicative. inf.: infinitive. inj.: injunctive. instr.: instrumental. Ir(an): Iranian. ir.: Irish. JAOS.: Journal of the American Oriental Society. JAs.: Journal Asiatique. JRAS.: Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. KZ.: Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung. Lat.: Latin, lett.: Lettisch, loc.: locative. m(asc).: masculine. Diid.: middle.

XIII mp., Mp.: Middle Persian. MSL.: Mémoires de la Société de Linguistique. MX, Mx.: Dätastän i Mênûk i Xrat. (The Book of the Mainyo-i-Khard). N.: Nlrangastän. n(eut).: neuter, nom.: nominative, num.: numeral. Ny.: Nyâyién. obj.: object, opt.: optative. Pähl.: Pahlavi. Pane.: Pancatantra. pass.: passive. patron(ym).: patronymic. Pauly-Wissowa RE 4 .: Realencyklopädie der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft. 2. Auflage, perf.: perfect. pl(ur).: plural, poss.: possessive, pred.: predicate, prep.: preposition, pres.: present, prêt.: preterite. Preuss. Jahrb.: Preussische Jahrpron. : pronoun. [bûcher, ptcpl. : participle. RA.: Revue Archéologique.

RHR.: Revue de l'Histoire des ReliRV.: Rigveda. [gions. S.: Sih Rocak. SBE.: The Sacred Books of the East, sg.: singular, skr.: Sanskrit. Speijer S(kr)S.: Sanskrit Syntax. — VuSkrS.: Vedische und SanskritSyntax. SPreussAW.: Sitzungsberichte der Königl. Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, subj.: subjunctive, superl.: superlative. SB.: ¿atapatha Brähmana. §(ähn).: Sähnäma. TB.: Taittiriya Brähmana. them.: thematic. TS.: Taittiriya Samhitä. V.: Videvdät. vb.: verb, voc.: vocative. Vr.: Visprat. WZKM.: Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes. Y.: Yasna. YAv.: Younger Avesta. Yt.: YaSt. ZDMG.: Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft.

Horn Yast. (Yasna IX.) 1 hdvanim a ratùrn a haomò upait zaraduitram atram pairi . yaozdatìantam gddàsca sravayantam. a dim parasat zara&uStrò: ,JcO nara ahi, yim azam vlspahe aiahaui astvatò sraèitam dadarasa xvahe gay eh e xvanvatò amaiahe?" 2 dat me aèm paityaoxta haomO aiava duraoiò: „azam àhmi, zara&uitra, haomO aiava dUraoéO; d mqm ydsamiha, spitama, fra mqm hunvanuha xvaratàe, aoi mqm staomaine stui&i, yada ma aparacit saoiyantò stavqn.u 3 dat aoxta zaraftuétrò: „namò haomai! kasa &wqm paoiryò, haoma, maSyO astvaiftydi hunuta gasdydi? kd àhmai aéié armavi, éit àhmdi jasat ayaptam?" 4 dat me aèm paityaoxta haomO aiava dUraoéO: „vivaiahd mqm paoiryò maiyó astvai&ydi hunuta gaè&ydi. ha àhmai aiié arditavi, tat ahmdi jasat ayaptam, yat he putirò us.zayata yo yimò xéaètò hvqtiwò xvarananuha starnò zdtanqm hvara.darasó maiydnqm, yat karanaot airahe xiatirdòa * amar santa pam vira anhaoSamne dpa urvaire xvairyqn xvaratiam *ajyamnam. 5 yimahe xéatire aurvahe nóit aotam àiaha nòit garamam noit zaurva àraba nòit maratiyui nòit arasko daSvò.datò. panca.dasa fracarOitie pita putiraséa raoòaèéva katarascit, yavata xiayòit hvqtiwò yimò vlvarauhatò putirò." 6 „kasa titoqm bityò, haoma, masyò astvaitiydi hunuta gaètiydif kd àhmai asis aranavi, cit àhmai jasat ayaptam?u 7 dat mS aèm paityaoxta haomó asava dùraoéO: „dtiwyò mqm bityo maSyó astvaitiydi hunuta gaètiydi. ha àhmai asis aranavi, tat àhmai jasat ayaptam, yat hè putirò us.zayata viso sùrayà tiraètaonó. 8 yò janat ailm dahàkam tirizafanam tirìkamaraòam xivaè.aéìm hazawd.yaoxStlm *ai.aojaiaham daèvlm *drujim ayam *gaètidvayò drvantam, yqrn *ai.aojastamqm *drujim fraéa karantat ararò mainyui aoi yqm astvaitlm gaètiqm màhrkai aéahe gaètianqm9 „kasa iiwqm tirityò, haoma, masyò astvaitiydi hunuta gaètiyai? kd ahmdi asis aranavi, cit àhmai jasat ayaptam?" 10 dat me aèm paityaoxta haomò asava duraoiò: „tiritò sdmanqm saviitò tirityò mqm maiyò astvaitiydi hunuta gaètiydi. ha àhmai aiis aranavi, tat ahmdi jasat ayaptam, yat hè putirà us.zayòitie Avesti Reader. 1

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urvaxiayo karasaspasca: tkaèsò anyo ddtó.rdzó, dat anyo uparò kairyó yava gaèsus gaòavaró. 11 yo janat azim srvaram yirn aspo.garam nara.garam yim vliavantam zairitam, yim upairi *vii *raoòat drityò.baraza zairitam, yim upairi karasclspò ayaidha pitùm pacata a rapidwinam zrvdnam. tafsatca ho mairyo xHsatca; frqs ayanhò frasparat yaèsyantim dpam *parànhdt. parqi tarito apatacat naire.mand karasdspò". 12 „Jcasa &wqm tùiryo, haoma, maiyó, astvai&yai hunùta gaè&ydi? Ica àhmdi aiii armavi, cit ahmdi jasat ayaptam?u 13 dat mè aèm paityaoxta haomo aiata dùraosO: „pouruiaspò mqm tuiryó maéyO astvai&ydi hunùta gaè&ydi. hd ahmdi aéis arsitati, tat ahmdi janat dyaptam, yat hè tùm us.zayataha tùm arazvO, zara&uitra, nmdnahe pouruSaspahe vldaèvO ahura.tkaèió. 14 srutò airyene vaèjahe tùm paoiryò, zara&ustra, ahunam vairìm frasrdvayó vìbaradwantam dxtùirim aparam xraoédyéhya frasrùiti. 15 tum, zamargùzó *dkaranvó vispe daèva, Zarathustra, yoi para àhmdt vlro.raoòa apatayan patti *dya *zamd, yO aojistO yò tanéiétó yo dwaxéiétó yo asiito yo [axéamnô aoi zqm ahuraôdtqm aoi nmdnam yim xvaëpaiêim drûrn avantam airistam hamaêa yaêa paracit. 66 da&at ahmdi tat avat dyaptam aradvl sûra andhita *haôa *zao&r0.bardi aradrdi yazamndi jaiôyantdi dd&Hs dyaptam.11 ohe raya . . . tâsêd yazamaide. 67 „yazaëSa më . . . dairahu.frdôanqm asaonlm. 68 tqm yazata jdmdspO, yat spdôam pairi.avaënat dürdt ayantam rasmaoyo drvatqm daèvayasnanqm, satam aspanqm arinqm hazaiaram gavqm baëvara anumayanqm. 69 dat hlm. jaiôyat: ,avat dyaptam dazdi më, vaiauhi saviite aradvl sûre andhite, ya&a azam avata vara&ra haédne ya&a vispe *anye *airye.' 70 da&at ahmdi tat avat dyaptam aradvl sûra andhita *haôa *zao&rò.bardi aradrdi yazamndi jaiôyantdi dâ&ris dyaptam.u ahe raya . . . tâséd yazamaide. 71 „yazaësa më . . . damhu.frdôanqm aSaonlm. 72 tqm yazanta aiavazdâ pu&rô pouruôdxStôiS aiavazdaséa &ritasca sdyuédrôié pu&ra upa barazantam ahuram xia&rlm xiaëtam apqm napdtam aurvat.aspam satam aspanqm arinqm hazararam gavqm baëvara anumayanqm. 73 dat hïm jaiôyan : ,avat dyaptam dazdi nô, vaiauhi saviite aradvl sûre andhite, yat bavdma aiwi.vanyà ddnavO tûra vydxana karaméa asàbanam varamêa asabanam tanciitamèa dûraëkaëtam ahmi gaë&e paSandhu.' 74 da&at aëibyascit tat avat dyaptam aradvl sûra andhita *haôa *zao&rO.bardi aradrdi yazamndi jaiôyantdi dd&rié dyaptam ahe raya . . . tâscd yazamaide. 75 „yazaëia më . . . dairahu.frdôanqm asaonlm. 76 tqm yazata vistaurui y0 naotairyqnô upa dpam yqm vltarauhaitlm araêuxôdt paiti vaêanhat uiti vacâbii aojanô: 77 ,td bd asa td ariuxôa, aradvl sûre andhite, yat më avavat daèvayasnanqm nijatam ya&a *sdrama varsanqm bardmi. dat më tûm, aradvl sûre andhite, huikam paium raêëaya taró vatauhlm vltaïauhaitlm.' 78 upa.tacat aradvl sûra andhita kaininô kahrpa srlrayâ *ai.amayâ huraoôayâ uskdt ydstayà

Ardvlsür Yast (Yt. V) 7 8 - 9 1 .

9

arazvaiûyô raëvat ci&ram dzdtayâ *zaranya aoôra *pditi.smuxta yd vïspô.pisa bâmya, aramaèstà anyâ dpô karanaot, frasa anyà fratacat, huskam pasum raëcayat tarô vanuhïm vitamûiaitîm. 79 daêat ahmdi tat avat dyaptam aradvl sûra andhita *haôa * zao&rô.bardi aradrdi yazamndi jaiôyantdi dd&ris dyaptam ahe raya . . . tâséd yazamaide. 80 yazaëèa më • • . dawhu.frâôanqm aèaonlm. 81 tqm yazata yôistô yô fryananqm *paitipâ *dvaëpa rarahayâ satam aspanqm arSnqm hazararam gavqm bnëvara anumayanqm. 82 dat hlmjaiôyat: ,avat dyaptam dazdi më, vatauhi saviète aradvl sûre andhite, yat bavdni aiwi.vanyâ axtïm duzdam tamarahuntam uta hë fraèna paitimravdne navaca navaitlmca xruzdranqm tbaëèô.parètanqm, yat mqrn parasat axtyô duzdâ tamatauhà.1 83 da&at ahmdi tat avat dyaptam aradvl sûra anâhita *haôa *zao&rô.hardi aradrdi yazamndi Jaiôyantdi dd&ris dyaptam* — — ahe raya . . . tâsca yazamaide. 84 „yazaësa më ... dainhu.frdôanqm asaonlm, 85 yahmya ahtirô mazdâ hvapô nivaëôayat: ,diôi, paiti ava.Jasa, aradvl sûre andhite, haca avatbyô starabyô aoi zqm ahuraôdtqm! &voam yazánte aurvânhô ahtirâtahô+ damhupatayô pu&râwhô *daiñhupaitinqm. 86 iïwqm naraéit yôi taxma Jaiôyânte dsu.asplm xvaranatahasca uparatdtô. dwqm d&ravanô maramnô, d&ravanô ûrayaonô mastim Jaiôyânte spdnamca vara&raynamca ahuraôdtam vanaintimca uparatdtam. 87 dwqm kaininô vaôre yaona xèa&ra hvdpà Jaiôyânte taxmamca nmdnô.paitlm. &icqm éarditiè zizanditiè Jaiôyânte huzâmlm. tûm td aëibyô xiayamna nisirinavdhi, aradvl sûre andhite.1 88 dat fraéusat, zara&uètra, aradvl sûra anâhita haca avatbyô starabyô aoi zqm ahuraôdtqm. dat aoxta aradvl sûra anâhita: 89 ,arazvô, aèdum spitama, &wqm da&at ahurô mazdâ ratuè astvai&yô gaëêayâ, mqm da&at ahurô mazdâ nipdtdra vlspayâ aèaonô stôiè. mana raya xvaranataha pasvasca staordca upairi zqm vlcaranta maéydca bizangra. azam boit tûm td nipayemi vlspa vohtt mazdaôdta aèaci&ra mqnayan ahe ya&a pasûm pasu.vastram.rti ' ¡oí barátala maratö ¡vlvaiahana srlra yima ,mé "g ^ l

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